davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wichita eagle., 1889-11-10

Farmer Hayseed ito greatest living skele-
ton at dime museum)-Helloi Who be youi
You amt workin' here, air youi
Living Skeleton with dignity1-I am en-
gagged here.
"Wall, do tell. Say, my friend, you amt
lookin' well, and eff l was you. I'd change my
boardin' place New York Weekly.
Wichita eagle., 1889-11-10
kindly Advice.

Lucy-How do you like your French mas
ter's accanti
Wichita eagle., 1889-11-10

Plenty of cheap money Tor farm and city
loans at the knight Investment corndauy,
10 y. Market street c6s-tf
Wichita eagle., 1889-11-10
Caat nNA.0n

Scale books. coal tickets. etc, for sale a.
this Office. Orders by mail will receiv.
prompt attention. Address The Wichita
EAGLR, Wichita. KAN sSif
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03
TKaE r0E1 TOWERS

= feenng Cf gratitude impels me to
acknowledge the great N erIts of your
CUTIcURA, and / cordially recommend il
to the public as a very valuable remedy.
II y POW ERS. BRIDGEpuRT. COM
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03

Vn. often, 81 North Tenth ST.,
PhiiadeIphla, ports that one of his
ust rDers stated u him incidentally
! u lie wa ferhNg SO well and had
~ Ell twenjy-seN an pCUnus in the last
sea ~ Of Mich ne BItriLuted to a
syst, matte con Sc Of ne CUTICURA RE-
soLvFSr winch mas proved eflectuat
when 80 fnei rem eiles failed.
Se.tf.S DN NEtta
Cnas Brady, Somarville, Mass, WIN
refers 10 Dr.J.J j. wood, druggi i Of that
city, certifies roa wonderful cure ofru9-
ming sores an the neck which had been
trealad dy hospital phNSi"Ians without
cure and whicn yielded completely to
the ,UTICURA HENEDITS
S,gssEss esG SsTsCG IRA.
nv skin disease, which resisted sew
eral popular remedies and other rome
dies advised b. physicians, has been
cnred by Your CUTCURA REMEDIES.
They surpassed my most sanguine ex.
pectationS and ra oddly effected cure.
]. c, 4 RENTRUE,
VINcyNNES Inn
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03
DELINQUENT NOTICE.

TNYO CANAL Y.-Lo
4 cation of principal place OF bust
ness, Carson City, Nevada. Location OF
FORKS, Owens Valley, Inyo county.
alif ruia.
NDPt f. There are de irquent upon
he following descr bed, STOCK, on &C
"a tnf ASSESSING It y 7, levied on the
eighth day of Aug, 1889, the srv' RAJ
yno.n.S Sc, opp Isltetp the names of
he res % c. iv Sn IRE nolders, as fo lows:
Imnnn Bishop, Certificates No. n. ~, Z
n x. 26 3 IS. ~. ~. Al, A. 43 Al. A. As, AZ
i. ~. ~, 81, 81. 81. 81 s., 100 shares each
$50
anne. cert Shares. Amt
John White 90 100 l0
nd in accordance WI law. and an
,rder of he Bo ard of Directors made on
he S'h dat aug. 1-S9, so many shares
of eacn parcel of sucn stuck rs may he
n cessary will be soli at pub 1c auction
~ tue office of the mpany, al the Bull
lion & Exchange BapR. SoutheaS %
.ar OF Carson ana Proc or streets, Car
sun City, sep, On THURSDAY, the 26 II
la of aug, 1889, at The hour Il
ane ID O'Clock P. NJ of said ay, to pay
AID delinqn ent assessment thereon, TO
..ether with costs Of advertising and
EXPENSES of sale.
TR. HOFER,
secretary.
Office At the Bullion and Exchange
,ank corner IF carson and PROCTOR
n.reets Carson CITY Nevada iune5t
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03
A>GH IT'S VALUE

All OF your CUTICURA REaEDIEs give
very good satisfaction. The CUTICURA
/ especially or1mend for the dis,
eases for Is hich It'll used know from
az perlence Its value. DIR. h. j. PRATT.
MOI clio. Wis
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03
e'SJTEGURA ABROAD

Through a home returned Norwegian
have learned to know your CUTICURA.
hich has in a short time cui ed me of an
Eczema that my physi, ian's medicines
could not heal CHI *. Ill ELTZEN.
BERGEN, NORWAY. AGeHtugT0rret1ljny
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03

hi- tars.s
SIS ea..h q -.
snS IeUsctss
ass a y e ~
essN az is the
legitimate result
of over twenty
years practice.bva
THO f. y Z G l. y
QUALIFIED BA
u II A TIE PtfYsI-
CLAN OF one of
the hi hest me
Ca cole ge I
+ u r o p e a : d
CURE W | T II
u n F A l. | = q
g + r T A ! n T y
Nervous and physi-
I Weak n a.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03

500 to $780," e.,s'ns t san u Be
Agents preferred who can furnish their own
horses and give their whole time to the business.
spare moments may be probably en- 'loyed
also. A few vacancies in towns and cities. B..
F. Jsuxsss L Co., 1899 Main st.. Ri'hnend,
". nay3 In
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03
:aRSuN WeT.s 8US

sVRA q ~FRv''E - EFF MS
Company are supplied Will water
from Never Failing Springs 7nich flow
from the sierra Nevada 5y analysis
thiswater is shown to r. perfectly free
rom all Impurities The mains of this
company having been laid i'm all the
Principal streets of the city, the waite
: rendered available 10 all within the
CITY limits. Families, Hotels, Bars
stables. etc suppHsd on fsvOrahl
terms
CARSON MATER COMPANY
Ofira uext TO Wells Fargo Co.'S
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1889-10-03


cal Debility, Seminal Weakness
Spremaforrh9. P-OstatOrrhse. Emissions
lmr"tency, Exhausted Vitality Premstu De-
cline and Ep OF MANHOOD. ia
.-si tts corn s,iiratiOns. ami from
hat ,Ver cause pr.,4ihee,t. II en-
rich and puriies the Blood, Strengthens the
Nerves, Brain, Muscles, digestion, ve;,roduc-
tive Organs, and PHYSICAL and Mental Faculties
IL stops all ur natural and debilitl,in. drai,i
upon tn system, preventing Involuntary losses,
facilitating dreams, seminal Losses with he
urine, ETC., destructive to mind and BODY
1t is sure elmlnator of all KIDNEY AND
BLADDER COMPLAIN IS. II contains NO
injurious ingredients. 80 those sufs.>.
tnx frspB tSsr evi effect 81 youth.
f1t indiscresioa sr eScsss, - speedy
thorough .srG ss.'Ekns>msrs Care
IN ca d + Feb. Price, So 80 pei
hottie or five bottles in case. with ful djrec-
tons AID advice, $40 Sent ,ecure from vy-
servatioD TO any address upon the receipt of
pre-. or q. o. ID. TO be had only OF
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
THE PETERS MASSACRE.
BELIEVED TO BE GIBBS.
The New DiNcOHerH.

You have heard your friends and neigh
borS talking about it. You may your
self be one of the many who know from
personal experience just how good a
thing tits. If you have ever tried it, you
are one of its Staunch friends, because
the wonderful thing about it is. that
when once given trial, DR.. Kings New
Discovery ever after holds place in
the house. If you have never used it
and should be afflicted with a cough,
cold or any Throat, Lung or Chest
trouble, secure bottle at once and give
it fair trial. 1t is guaranteed every
time, or money refunded. Trial Bottles
Free at j. w. COnn's Drugstore.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13

T. Dainbridge Munday Esq, County
Atty, Clay Co, Texas says: ':Have used
Electric Bitters with most happy re-
suits. My brother also was very low
with Malarial Fever and Jaundice, but
was cured by timely use of this medi-
cine. Am satisfied Electric Bitters
saved his life.'
Mr.. ID. [. WilcoxSOn, of Horse Cave
KY, adds like testimony, saying: He
positively believes he would have died
had it not been for Electric Bitters.
This great remedy will ward off, as
well as cure all Malaria Diseases, and
for all Kidney, Liver and Stomach Dis
orders stands unequaled. Price 90 cents
and 81, at JnO e. Dement'S.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13

If the United States government is
ever going to try state ownership of
railroads now is its opportunity.
The iron should be struck before its
incandescence peters out, as it were.
A Chicago reporter figures out that
for the manipulations of grain rates
recently discovered there the railroads
are liable to penalties of S125,000,0OO
in money and $4,000 years imprison-
ment; and the innocent romancist
seems to think the magnitude of the
penalty makes it unenforceable. But
nothing could be easier, and the goy-
ernment's duty is plain. The $4,000
years can be divided up among 5000
stockholders and officers, giving them
ten years apiece, and the stock can be
confscated in liquidation of the fines.
Then the politicians can run the roads
to suit themselves, and they will have
ten years the start of their most
troublesome critics, provided the jails
hold out.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
Worth Particular Attention.

AS THERE ARE SEVERAL CASES OF
h diphtheria in tow n, citizens will do well
TO cleanse and diSinfect their sink spouts
and drains and all open sewage about their
premises, to make the general sanitary con-
ditiOn as good as possible. Parents and
teachers are cautioned TO watch the chill
dren closely for any indication of sickness. in
order thatthe disease may be prevented so
far as possible.
DIR. JAY FUTILE,
City health officer.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13

All the patent medicines advertised
i'm this paper, together with the choicest
perfumery, and toilet articles, etc, can
be bought at the lowest prices, at j. w.
COnn's drug store, opposite Occident
hotel a SfOria
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
HE TOOK THE WRONG MEDICINE.

Robert Stewart, of Petaluma, recently had "a
queer experience. He writes:
"Carbuncle and boils afflicted my face and
neck for weeks. Finally procured bottle
of one of the leading sarsaparillas. To my
surprise 1t made matters worse. This made
me lose faith in sarsaparillas, but seeing
statement that joys Vegetable Sarsaparilla
dried up boils and face eruptions instead OF
forcing more out as the potash sarsaparillas
do, 1 bought bottle. The effect was aston
ishing. Thecarbuncles and boils began to dry
up, and in two weeks my face was. well and
smooth as ever. My brother also took bottle
with the same benefit ROBERT STEWART,
''Petaluma, Cal"
Explanatory Note-The mineral iodide Of
potash, which is the basis of nearly all other
sarsaparillas, attacks the blood direct, hence
forces impurities through the skin, creating
more boils and pimples. Joys Vegetable Sar-
saparilla acts oppositely. Its vegetable alter
atives stimulate the various secretive organs
and thus eliminate all impurities through the
natural channels, hence dries uD pimples and
skin eruptions at once. The above tsstlmon-
ial is case in point
The supreme court of Montana has
decided that mechanics leins take
precedence of mortgages, and that
IL l.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
Lodqe Room for Rent.

TIME ELEGANTLY FURNISHED LODGE
IL Room of the %. +. l.. & b. association
can he leased for four nights in the week,
Tuesday. Wednesday, Friday and Saturday
nights.
For particulars enquire of G. Reed, /. w,
Case and A, j. Megler.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13

INSPECTOR GENERAL DUMoNT of the
steamboat inspection service, in his
report to the secretary of the treas
ury of the operations of the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1889, shows that 6,725
steamers were inspected, the net ton
mage of which was 1,315,436, and that
31.625 officers were licensed. As COM
pared with the previous year, this
shows an increase of 300 in vessels
8O.301 in net tonnage and 2,081 in the
number of - officers licensed. The
number of foreign steam vessels In
spected was 257, of which more than
half were inspected at the port of New
York, 80 at Baltimore and % at Bos
ton. The total number of accidents
resulting in loss of life dur.
ing the year was %, as follows:
By fire, 5; by collision TO-
by breaking of steam pipe, ETC., three
by explosion, three; by sinking, etc.
eleven. These accidents resulted il
the death of 301 persons, or eighty-one
more than last year. Of those lost
ninety-twO were passengers and TWEEN
ty were officers or hands ON the
steamers. 1t is estimated that $50,
100000 passengers were carried Oh
steam vessels in the year. In the tif
teen years beginning with 1875 and
ending with the present year the mum
ber of steam vessels in the United
States has increased from 1886 tc
6,725, gain of 70 per cent. The in
crease in licensed officers for the same
period is III per cent; or from IA, 81
in 1875 to l,622 in 1889. The loss o
life on steam vessels, with 73 per cent
more steamers in service, is only 30l
in the present year, as against COZ il
1875, a reduction of 81 per cent.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
ADyICETO MOTHERS

MRS. WINsLow's SOOTHING SYRUP
should always be used for children
teething. 1t sOOthes the child, sOftens
the gums, allays all pain, cures wind
chOlic, and is the best remedy for diar-
rhGa. Twenty-Five cents bottle.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
Removal Notice,

TOE GIARDINA HAS LEASED THE OLD
81 New York Novelty Store recently Occu-
pied by Thatcher, the grocer, on the corner
Main and First streets, and will move his
barber shop in there about the lst of next
month. 1t will be first. class in every par
ticular.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
For Rent or Sale.

4 TWO-ST0RY BUILDING, so FEET
l. front: Bar Room complete Restaurant
complete : Il rooms complete. Situated on
Third street, close to the o. II. & n. Co.'S
dock. Street cars pass every 10 minutes.
A good bargain for the right parties. For
further information. inquire of
STOCKTON & WEIGH,
Real Estate Agents, Main Street.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
DoYou Like n Good cigar?

Call at Charley OIsen's, opposite c. ii.
COoper's. He will suit you. A fine
stock of cigars TO select from.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
WeiDllardss Beer,

And Free Lunch at the Telephone Sa.
loon, cents.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
Salmon and Fruit Professor Wanted

XNANTED A FIRST CLASS SALMON
w and fruit professor with best of recon-
mendatiOns, State wages. None but sober
and reliable party need apply.
MARTINEZ FRUIT AND CANNING CO.,
Martinez, Cal.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13

''Is it the proper thing to permit an
officer who gives bonds for the faithful
performance of his official duties and
honest care of money, to speculate in
anything."
GOODNESS TOWARDS THE PRINCE OF
WALES.
PARIS, Nov. 12-The unfavorable
French comments on the Prince of
Wales visit to Egypt is continued by
the Republic FrGncGiSe which says
that England should not be surprised
at the GOODNESS shown the prince at
Cairo by the majority of the diplo-
matte corps of France and other pow
ers, which have not ceased to regard
Egypt as a Turkish dependency nor
bound to England by any tie of vas
salage; still demand the evacuation of
the country by the British. France
will lose no opportunity to remind
England of her solemn engagement IN
regard to Egypt and Cairo. The
affair shows that Europe will not
allow Egypt to sink into oblivion.
ABYssINIANs AND DERvIsHEs.
ROME, Nov. 12.-The dervishes re-
Gently attacked Gondar, the capital
of Abyssinia, and burned the city.
Subsequently the Abyssinians at
tackled the dervishes and defeated
them. They killed three of their
chiefs.
A CANAL PROJECT.
ROME, Nov. IA commission has
been appointed to examine scheme
to convert Rome into a seaport by a
canal from the Tiber to Castlefusand,
distance of eleven miles. De Les
seps approves the project. An Am
erican company is willing to under
take the work at the cost of 6S, ,000,-
000f.
THE PETERS MASSACRE.
New YORK, Nov. 12.-Dispatches
from Berlin this morning say that a
Zanzibar dispatch throws doubt upon
the truth of the reported massacre OF
the Emin Bey relief expedition under
DIR. Peters. The whole report is dis:
credited at Zanzibar.
BELIEVED TO BE GIBBS.
PORTLAND, Nov. 12.-The latest re-
ports here the man captured at Yreka
is Gibbs the murderer of young Nc
Dewitt, photographs of the man have
been identified by Mr.. Pennington
the Pullman cashier. He says the
man Is Gibbs.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13

Meals Cooked TO order.
Private rooms for ladies and families
at Central Restaurant, next ~ FOar9 4
Stokes.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13

The latest style of Gents Boots and
Shoes at p. j. GOODMAN'S.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
Chr 9ailg Ssturiatt.
ASTORIA. OREGON:
If the United States government is

WEDNESDAY. NOVEMBER IS. 1889.
The daily morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1883-1899, 1889-11-13
A HORRIBLE FATE.
VERY DEEP SNOW.

CLARENDON, Texas, Nov. 12.-The
deepest snow in twelve years is on the
ground. It is six inches deep. All
trains on the Fort Worth and Denver
road are blockaded north of this place.
Eight engines are in the snow-drift
seventy-fve miles northwest. The
dhfts are nine feet deep. 1t is the
worst snowstorm that has ever visited
the Panhandle.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1889-08-31
EACK At TIE CASE.
Career OF AN os-IIiw4ukse Printer Who
Ias He'll Ui.h Places.

Has He'll uilh Places.
Edmund q. Ross, whose checs sered
career has been followed with interest
by many Milwaukeeans, as lie Was for
many Years a MiIwaukecan himself, is
Just now at the foot OF fortunes bill.
A dispatch from Topeka says the news
has reached that place that Ross, after
four years service as governor of New
Me exico, Is now setting type IN a Santa
Fe printing office. Kansas Republicans,
the dispatch says, receive the news with
giee, as they have never forgiven him
for the course which ~ Il United States
senator, he took in the Impeachment
trial OF President Andrew johnson.
Aithouch elected as a republican, Ross,
With Senator Dooltile OF Wisconsin,
voted with the Democra IN the Senate
in favor OF Joh' sons acqu ttal. Al
though hated hy the majority of hls
constituents, Ross re remaIneJ IN the
Senate until his term expired, and then
quietly resumed lis former occupation
OF printer Ross was born spend
THRIFT and his contempt for the almlgh-
ty dollar has been the cause of his re-
turn to the comparative obsCurlty of the
printing office several times during
his otherwise brilliant career. Leaving
a joI in the ) ntinel composing room.
few years before tie war, he led
colony of Wisconsin people Bleeding
Kan sas," where he begun his political
career that led him TO the Senate. Alter
his return to private lie he became
Demo rat, working as county publisher
and journeyman printer in Kansas and
New Mexico. Soon after Cleveland be-
came President Kansas swoke one
morning TO discover that Edmund G.
Ross had been made governor of New
Mexico. a number OF his old friends,
Reprblicsns at that, including Senators
ingalls, and Plumb, aided materially in
ecc.ring this fine Office for the oldtIme
pr nter. Mr. Ross entered upon his
duties unOstentatiouly and made an ax-
cellt Mt governor. Now, a. er four
Years service at the head Of the terri
torial government, he has dropped back
TO tie obscure place which Is always
open TO him and which he appears to
regard with as mucn satisfaction as the
other and bigher ones he has tlled.
But, as one OF his old friends said re-
Gently, cit isn't safe TO wager that Ed.
Ross viii remain long at the case. Four
years hence he may again be governor
of the territory, or consul, CT
something of the sort. A person Of
such varying fortunes cannct he con-
sidered to have settled down for good
and all until he les IN hll co.tn."
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1889-08-31

A dispatch of the Dist from Victoria,
B. c., gives interesting details Of the
capture of two p5aching sealers and the
warning away of three others. Saws the
dispa ch: The revenue cutter Rush has
selzed two more vessels for catching
, seals III Behring Sea, besides orderin;
three TO desist. The news WAS brought
Icy Capt. Alger, OF the American sealing
schooner Allie l.. Alger, VI no arrived on
the steamer Oiymplan from Port Town
, send. The captain, in an interview,
sad. July 30 We were in Behrin 2
Sea, about fifty miles west of st. Paul,
when We sighted the cutter Rush steam
Ing up to us on our quarter. We at onco
hove to. Some minutes aiterward boat
put off from the Rush. and Lieut.. Tut
tie boarded us. He asked for my pa
pers, which | at once handed him, ald
after perusing them he proceeded with
two men to search the ship. He didn't
find anything, however, though that is
not TO say there was nothing to find
aboard. After coming up out OF the hold
when he mad finished searching the
ship | said to him: We'll, what luck
have you had in the search?' He said !:
III tell you. On the lIth of July we
captured the Black Diamond and dig
board to take charge Of her. On the 23d
of July we sighted the schooner Minnie
Her owner, Capt Jacobson, was aboard
at the time, and she had S43 seals. We
took possession of her, and dispa he'd
her to Sitka, also. Yesterday 9TH 18th
. OF july We bore down or the Patl md
er and found 500 sealskins aboarl of
her. We put another man on board and
ordered her of TO S!tka as well. Last wee K
We boarded both the Arctic and There
sa; they also had some skins aboard
but let them 90, IS they had been too
long caught, but ordered them out.the of
sea After telling me this the ieuten-
ant told me | had better get ont of the
sea at once, and was then pulled aboard
the steamer, which headed for the
east. We then set sail for the south,
and arrived Monday at Neah bay. [
then left my schooner there and came
up from Cape Flsttery to Port Townsend.
| caught the O!ymplan and just reached
Victoria. My schooner will, | expect,
be on the road TO Seattle now. | leave
here on the Olympi8n to-day to Join her.
Int n Sc exCl ement prevail s in this city.
Both schoOners are well known here
and their catch is a very valuable one.
The Alger had ; % skins when boarded.
1t now appears that on the trip down
Capt. AlCer sighted first the Minnie and
then the Pathfinder, each with one man
as a pr ze crew on board. Both sIgnaled
their intention OF not lolng 10 ii kq at
all, but of coming TO Victoria. so that
within twenty-iOur hours they may be
expected in the h Tbor. When Lieut..
Tuttle went aboard the Alger several of
his sailors expressed themselves as
heartily sick OF their work.
The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1889-08-31

A dispatch of the 24th from Port au
Prince says: Legitime abdicated on
Thursday and embarked on a French
man-ot-war, leaving Hippolyte aud his
forces in possession of the country, thus
ending the war which has been waged
tiercely for months. Gen. Montefointe's s
army marched triumphantIy into the
city, followed by IIippolyte A ten-
porary government was at once formed
The var has been serious for Tie coun-
try. Plantations have been laid waste,
cities destroyed and many thousands
slain The war was civil in It's nature,
and originated in the troubled condition
ot affairs following the flight of Of Presi-
dent Solomon, VINO, seeing the approach
Of the end Of his career, gathered to-
gether what money and effects he
could and fled Hayti was united on
the question Ci Solomons 8 abdication.