davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29

TO abdicatc. whrn in 1908, the condition
OF affairs in Portugal drove the l'ragansss
out of that country. they fled to Rio. In
Brazil they seized the opportunity to cs.
lab'ish themselves and at the same time to
find favor with the Portuguese throne, the
result being that, in ISIS, Brazil became
part OF the kingdom of Portugal. In 1921
Joao vi. returned To Portugal, and next year
Brazil became Independent. In that year
Dom Pedro l. was crowned and held the
rcins till unseatcd by the rising of ISL. !;
WAS not till ISL. however, that Pedro H.,
then Il mere lad of sixteen, assembled the
throne the government being meanwhile
administered by Il regent. Two years after
his coronation he married Teresa Christina
Maria, the daughter of King Francis u
Sicily. One daughter, the Countess Il Eu,
WAS the fruit oithc union.
Dom Pc'lros reign has been marked
throughout bv progressive measures. and
under him the country developed and
rroslmrc,l. Trade and commerce of every
description increased rapidly; 800 miles If
railroad We're built l.No miles oftclcgrurh
completed; LOO ppStollc.s opened; free
public schools established aud other re-
forms instituted. One of the most notable
nets was the manumiSSinn of the slaves
For many generations negroes have formed
II large proportion I'll the population oi
Brazil Communicating even the crcoles, the
Mamluc"s and the 'ruri Guvami, or ahoric.
ina ln,lian stock If roppcry.s skinned ma.
tiycS who inhahit the forests and plains of
the interior. In ISL the government passed
an az, declaring that all children born To
slaves after that date should bc free, and at
the same time gave freedom tothc slaves in
the household of the emperor, and pres
,i'ip! an emancipation fund for the ul,i.
mate liberation of the slaves owned By
private persons. Emancipation progressed
rapidly. The importation of slaves had
been stopped since ls53 and since that time
III. To tic .i.sning of, the act If lust year hy
Princess Isabella us regent, one million
had been nanulnil,cd. Prior to the reign
ot,hn ministry healed l,y senior Cotegilr,
. in March, lSsS, The ahultiunis,s were badly
prosecuted by the Conservatives and slave
holders. Seniors dc Palrocinio and
Naburo. and Senators Dan,ar and Prado
were un,ismaycj ny these h"stilities ant
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
Phil. D. Armour.

The refusal Of Philip D. Armour. to
appear before n congressional COM
mittee ut Chicago to answer ques.
tions about un alleged "beef com.
binc" and the fact that he will be
compelled to face the music Mt Wash.
ington whether he wants to or not,
and whether he has been summoned
to appear, brings the worlds head
butcher again before the newspaper
reading public.
Mr.. Armour is one of the wealthiest
Americans living, and israpidly add
ing to his 'pile." He is still COM
paratively young man, only about
fifty-one years of age, and began life
under most unpromising conditions.
Shrew,l and far-sighted, courageous
and dashing, in him are combined
the elements of the greatest business
success, and there is no possibility of
conjecturing how rich Phil Armour
may become.
When he was n schoolboy at Water
town Academy, n. u, he got into
trouble by riding out with a young
girl, also n pupil in that institution,
and was expelled for the offense.
This misfortune he converted into q
stepping-stone to fortune. Turning
his back upon New York State he
sought the freedom of the great
West, and after n hard journey, made
in deprivation and interrupted by
serious illness, reached California,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
Historical.

Brooches among the Greeks was
the garment of slavery.
Bear batting was an ancient popu-
lar English sport, but it was prohibit
cd by parliament in 1885.
The first line of the Capet ended
with Charles ", in 1923 when Philip
vi of Vulois assembled the French
throne.
The rank of baronet, the first
among the English gentry, and the
only knighthood that is hereditary,
was established by James l. in 1911.
Barbadoes, one of the Windward
isles of the West India islands, was
discovered by the Portuguese about
1000, and five years later the Eng
lish took possession, and have since
maintained it. jamestown, there,
was founded il 1925.
Null coaches were first set up Mt
Bristol, England, in 1884, and were
extendedto other routes in 1884, at
the end of which year they became
general in England. This plan for
the convenience of letters was the in
vention of one Palmer, of Bath, Eng
land. The mails had previously been
conveyed by carts with n single horse,
or by boys on horseback. Boston
Budget.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
Living on Credit.

The English system OF giving long
credits is gradually getting u foot
hold in New York. There are many
sons of rich parents in that city, who
are perfectly responsible aud who
will he abundantly able to pay their
bills when they full into their l,clr.
looms, but with whom ready money
is scarcity. 1t is an actual fact,
according to the caterers, who gen.
orally know the facts about prom
inent young New Workers. That there
are many men who literally live like
millionaires without spending 81
cash Il week. They take their meals
Mt the club. where their cabs are also
charged to their fathers account.
Their theatre tickets ore put on the
monthly account of the family at one
OF the big specializing stands, and
all their tailor's, bootmaker's, and
other bills stand over until the
younger son gets the money, which,
everybody knows is to he his in
time.-Nsw York Sun.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29

orator and writer and was an active cnan-
cipati0niSi. Scnor Constant. the new min
i>i"r of war, is ais" IL journalist. and pro-
irss"r in the polytechnic institute Field
Marshal ten. Di,loro da i'onscca, upon
whose shoulders rests the main r.spoi,-i-
hliiy of the new regime, is one of the most
popular army officers in tile nation. and n
tried and gallan, soldier. lie was punished
recently for characterization. Like his pro-
ttvpn Boulanger. his picturesque rcrson-
ulity stands on, in the present crisis with
degree of prominence that ovcrSliadows his
associates. During the trouble last wear
between Paraguay and Bolivia Brazil
stood neutral, and Grn. da Funseca was
dispatched To the point of danger with u
strong army cops IL guard the national in
trr">t|. He wa at the same time appointed
governor OF the involved province OF Matte
Crosse, which he held until the crisis haI
pa ed. He is about loity-iivc years of age
of tinl commanding presence, immensely
popular with the army AMI Il military
leader possessing both dash and courage.
This j. the leader. hitherto unknown To the
world outside Of Brazil. whom the fortunes
of war have pushed Ia the front as the Uro.
tirctur of successful rebellion and the
founder of the new South American rcu,,b-
liz. .iriStidc I.obo, the new minister OF tho
interior, is Il Republican lawyer; about iiftv.
eight yaars old, and has long been active In
ro!iiitY. He las been Il member of the
chamber of deputies. and has contributed
frequently to The pronounced republican
press. Admiral Vandcrl,oltz who replaces
Baron LatlariO as minister ofmarine has
spent a lifetime in the Brazilian navy.
About Dei3itris RibcrO, tho new minister
OF asricul:tre, nothing definite is known.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
Eastern neeraia.

Deggary throughout the east is O
thriving profession. There areguilds
of beggars, besides the numerous
communities OF dervishes, who are
semi-religious mendicants. Many
families have been beggars for gener-
ations, and are mendicants from
choice. Some of these professional
beggars are actually wealthy. Four
and-twcnty years ago the writer well
remembers q case. The Chief Beggar
1.-THE title was not conferred in deri-
sion) gave his daughter in marriage
to a substantial farmer. The girls
dowry consisted of two freehold
houses, the rooms of which were en-
tirely filled with dry pieces of bread,
and the sale of these begged crusts
subsequently realized q considerable
sum, being disposed of as food for
cattle. 1t must be remembered that
in the east there isno organized char
ity, that most Mussulmans are ex-
ceedingly charitable. many giving
away a fifth and ,some even a third
of their income. Under such circum-
stances it is not to bc wondered at
that the professional bcggar thrives.
Good Words.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
Cool but Cutting.

They are telling story about +. H.
Sothern in New York says the Sun.
He was coming up town in q cur
and upon entering, found the car full
though one man took more than his
share by stretching his feet out along
the seat. Sothern held on to the
strap and bore this for awhile, but
when two ladies' entered and were
obliged to stand his patience gave
out. Then leaning over the diffused
man he said in IL clear, loud voice,
with elaborate courtesy, and
with his most honest and innocent
Dundreary stammer: "E-excuse
m-me, sir, for addressing you, b.but
Pm very anxious to l.learn w-what
nerve tonic you takew! A grin
spread over the faces of the passen.
gers, the man got rcd, opened and
shut his mouth two or three times
and then bounced up and left the
car, upon which the actor and the
two Indies sat down, and Sothern
gazed pcnsivcly out OF the window.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
A Perplexad Farmer.

A man near Higginsville, Mo-,
called in town for q marriage per-
init the other day.
"And you want a license?" queried
man in the Recorders Department.
eyes"
The license was written and duly
delivered.
"How long ez yer marriage permit
good for in Missoury? I've been liv-
ingin lllinoy."
Until death or legal separation.
We don't guarantee health and hap
piness. The State only furnishes tile
license"
GLOW much extra for yer to put
in that health and happiness clause
in tn license?"
Couldn't lie DONE"
"Wall, then, you'd better take tn
burned thing back. If yer cant
make it sure it's no account to me.
That's tn reason left lllinoy. Tn
papers over thar amt no good to
hold n woman. had five women
leave me during one crop. m eff yer
can't do any better here in Missoury
'spcct tn best thing to do will I've
jist ter oft alone. "-Chicago Herald
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29

pcr$cvcrcd in urging abolition. Prado
pushed the measure with such success that
it passed both houses i'll May, 1885, and was
nj once promulgated by the princess regent.
The census of 1857 showed that 49,, 0tO
slaves. of the value of is5,WN,WU nilreis,
were liberated. 1t was estimated that in
this and the previous manunissions the
total number liberated would fall little
short of Il million and IL half
II WAS while Dom Pedro was absent in
Europe visiting London, Paris, Florence
Brussels and Rome, that the emancipation
for which he had lubnrcd half lifetime
took place. Immediately II t,,mnlt of joy
scizc'l the nation. the planters alone re.
manning sullcn. They had reason to re.
gre, ,hr act, for their crops suffered, the
coffee brought to market was inferior and
their plantations became unprotitablc 1t
was some time before the native product
again took the lead. but up to the present
day the planters never fnrgave the govern.
mcnt for derriving them Of their negro
labor.
The cnircrors European tour and his
visit To this country are still remembered.
He IMPRESSED Americans as u man of broad
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
Mr.. pockery was rhere.

We were about to leave Louisville
ON a down-river steamer, and the
men were just hosting in the gang
plank, when a tall, slim young man,
with great deal OF cunning in his
composition, leaned on the rail of
the promenade deck, scanned the
crowd Of 200 on the levee, and called
out in thin voice:
'Say! is Mr.. Dockery there?"
He isl" promptly replied voice.
"Then tell him Pm coming back in
about week to sandpaper his head!"
1t was intended for q joke, but no
one laughed. Just at that minute
the gang-plank was dropped for u
belated passenger, and q man from
the crowd rushed along in to the
boat, lodged upstairs like q monkey
and next minute appeared before the
astonished smart Aleck.
"Sandpaper my head. will your"
he Missed, as he reached out for hair.
Oh, now, but You aren't Mr.. Dock
ery! shouted the young man.
AREN'T l? Don't l know my own
name. you luscious persimmon?
Take that and that and that"
And he banged him right and left,
lifted him up and down. and ended
by spreading him over the deck us
far ns he would rench. Then he
skipped ito he received with cheers,
while the young man gathered up
the fragments and splinters und re-
tired. file was on the boat three
days with US and during that time
! never saw him but once. Then he
had his head out of his state-room
window to view the scenery on the
Arkansas shore. One of the boys
yelled: "Dockery!" and the head
vanished, to be seen no more.-New
York Sun.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29

the national dissatisfaction before tho
struggle began the strength VI the kurl,hli-
cans w:,> un,li>putrd, and the gnvrru,ncn,
re-ortc' to strategy To prevent the return "i
Republican deputies In n number Of dis
trictS martial law va. established. and the
polling places were IN HE hands ii The adj
ministrativr party. There were no serious
protests. and, indeed, protests would have
been futile for the troops We're everywhere
and were prepared for sucl, Il contingency.
So the moment To strike was deferred till
after the battle at the polls on second
ballot II few Republican deputies were al
lowed To be declared elected This SUP
preston al hc Sullragc> ni the people WAS
The last notable at. OF The inolarchcal gov
eminent of Brazil.
T!;r story of the revolution has :irc:,,i,
been told i'll he Geographic dispatches al
though details mi.i.h would throw lielt on
much that SNOW unexplained ar">til want
ing. After the election the lnpular ,iisculi-
tent steadily increased. Republican Leaders
were waiting an opportunity strike Some
time ago, iorearcing ,l,c,angrr. the govern
ment announced its Intention "t rc"rganiz-
ing the national guard and ri;.in- il upon
q footing that would have maic i. great:
superior i'll numbers and rqNipincn, 10 thu
regular troops. The national guard, which
had been diSbanicd and partially diS;rme'l.
had been i'll times past the mains;ay oitlie
cmIiro. il was then nearly five hundred
thousand strong, and comprised many
wealthy young brazilian plaul-
crs, business men, mcrrlan,, ard
property owners The proposed rcuraan:-
cation was bitterly opposed 10y the Officers
of the regular army. and by none more
rcsolutely than by Gen da Fonscca mil
itnry commander of the province of Minas
i;y of the troops, WAS republican nj heart.
The lcair:S took counsel and it was decided
To anticipate tin reorganization of the na
tional guard, even IL it became necessary To
seize and overthrow the existing .s,,vrrli-
mcnt. In the meantime i; w:> not difficult
to arrange an understanding between the
civil republican Leaders and the troops Ia
act in concert when the moment arrived.
So confident were the former of the cntiro
success ofthe projected coup that they had
number OF new flags manufactured in the
city of Rio. on which, the brazilian crown
was replaced by rhrygian rap--thc sym
boil of liberty The liag contains nineteen
stars on Il blue ground
At the first indication ofthc revolutionary
programme being carried out. the brazilian
navy was ordered by Baron La,lario. min
lister of marine. To bn in readiness for in
slant service. 4 single na,al vessel would
have wiped on, the rrvolutionists at the
outset; but they did not propose TO be So
quickly disposed of. Baron La,lario, who
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
RIO IANEIEo FROM THE BAY.


intelligence and progressive ideas. and one
who had tho illl s,,rport of his pco,,le at
tina, time. Cultured a fine lin.uis, a eiant
in stature Qeiur six feet four inches in
Icigliu, his sixty-thrce wears did not seem
to weigh very heavily upon him. The
recent troubles however, have shaken linn
severely.
In remarkable contrast To her venerable
and mild-lookiug sire is the Princess Isa-
bella. the one picturesque figure in this ma
tional drama She is a woman who. in
almost any sphere of action. would make
her influence felt Strong, sclf.rcliant, with
her mind trained to matters of state and TO
dealings with diplomats. she has been tho
fnrcnlust advocate of all the progressive
movements in Brazil for the last ten wears
or more. She is not beautiful woman.
but her face shows intellectual strength and
force of character. She is now forty-thrce
years of age, a thorough politician, u bit
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29

death of Dom Pedro, il the people of the
country should Mt any time decide by a
popular election that they preferred u re-
public to the rcigning monarchy. No such
admission could have been wrung from the
crown princess herself. Isabella is q woman
ofsrcat resolution and opposed on many
occasions the reforms that were demanded
by the people and which the emperor him
self stood ready To grant. 1t was tmlouht-
cdly largely owing To her mp"pnlari'y
that the republicans were hold enough 10
predict confidently the ultimate abolition
of monarchy in Brazil.
The late election BROUGHT the climax {
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
Discovery of aLost Art

Tempering of copper is one OF the
lost arts, which has been actively
sought for by scientists and mechan-
les for years. The process has been
accidentally discovered, and tests of
the copper thus treated have shown
most remarkable strength and wear
ing qualities. 1t will he especially
valuable for use in the bearings and
commutators of dynamo machines,
and also for the Journals of locomo-
tives and cars. An establishment in
Pennsylvania is nowplacing the met
al on the market.-New York Tele-
gram.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29
THE REVOLUTION.
~ An Interesting Sketch of the
Revolution and its prin.
cipal Figures.
How the New Republic Was
Established by Fonseca
and His Troops.

RIO JASEIRo, special.-All the pensions
granted by the imperial government have
been confirmed by the provisional govern
mrnt and All order has been issued hat they
be paid out of tile revenues. a decree will
be issued shortly making numerous changes
i'll the personnel ot the government office
holders and naming the officials who have
been appointed To succeed those who will
be removed. The greater number
officials who served under the
emperor have announced their al
lrgiancc 10 the new government.
An ovation was given tn the ministers of
Uruguay and the Argentine Republic last
night upon their recognition of the re-
public The brazilian parliament, under
the new government, will meet early i'll
December To elect u president of the r..
public.
TIE REPUBLIC NOT RECOGNIZED
WASHINGTON. Spccial.-Rcfcrring 10 u
cablc.:ram from Brazil that the United
States had Instructed Minister Adams to
recognize the provisional government. al
official of the state department said to-
day that the situation remains rs
it was Il few days ago. Minister Adams s,ls-
tain> nmicablc relations whit the provisional
government. hut formal recognition is q
thing of the future. The Americas con-
ference committee on credentials has COLI
silcred the credentials of the Brazilian
delegation at Washington. AM! it is gath
cred there will be no objection to its admis-
sion on Monday.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29

cabinet, too, were placed under arrest.
Those of the citizens who did not
sympatliizc with the rcvolutionists were
So overawcd by the Su,l,lcnncsS of
the stroke that they seemed unable to com
prehend the situation and they kept in
doors. business was at II S,andstill. Baron
l.adario, willie cndcavoring vainly 10 stem
the torrent of rebellion, WAS shot ut and
severely wounded by one ofthc tronl* So
well was the plan of the rebels conceived
and executed that the naval ships in hurhor
were unable To render any aid To the GOV
ernmcnt. There was not, as far as learned,
any serious riutng or disturbance accom-
lanying the rising. The city'"ncc secured.
Il consultation OF the republican leaders
was held and u provisional government was
organized, the selections being made alto
gethcr by the military. as the people were
still too much alarmed To unite in the
movement and held aloo.. The temporary
republican cabinet was as follows I'rr>i-
dent. Didorio ia Fonscca: minister of the
interior, Aristidc I.oba; minister of foreign
affairs, Equintin Bocayura minister of
finance. DIR. l;arboZa; minister of Justice,
Campos SALES; minister of war, benjamin
Constant; minister of marine, Admiral
Vandcrloltz; minister of agriculture.
Dclnitris Ribcro.
Following rapidly upon the heels of this
step, came the repatriation of the emperor
and his housclin'l-,hc exile of the Bray.ln-
zas who had held the BRAZILIAN throne for
the better part of Il century. On being in
formed of his deposition, the old emperor
bowed to the will Of fate and complied with
the mandate ni the provisional government
to quit the country in twcn.y-fo,ir hours.
With his whole household he started the
following morning (Nov III on the steam
packet Alagoa> for Lisbon. being accoinI,a-
MED down the bay of Rio and ont to sea by
the Brazilian ironclad Riachuclo. 1t was
promised 10y the new government. condi-
tionally, that the cXilcd ruler should have
all allowance and that all debts contracted
in behalf of the brazilian government
should be liquidatcc. For the rest. it seems
to be the desire of the people Of Brazil to
give the new regime u fair test. Should it
prove unsatisfactory, and Shouldtlic Brazil
ians decide to rcorgnnizc the national guard
to crush the rebellion and rc-cstablish the
empire bloody days may be in store iortllc
yo,hlgcst ofthc Western republics.
The story Of the Bragalzas is one of the
most picturesque in history. Originally
,surpcrs, ncy have held the Portuguese
throne for 80 years. Dom Pedro dc Ala
cantara, the deposcd emperor of Brazil, was
child qf six when his father, Dom Pedro
J., was compelled by the revolution of 1881
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29


slaves, it fell like ruinous blow upon
many of the planters. Their crops were de-
stroycd and their losses were almost be-
yond computation. The wholesale manu-
mission took nlarc ut time when it WAS
impossible TO secure the help necessary for
the harvest, and the freed negroes could not
be induced to work. Further. the govern
ment did not propose any scheme for the
indcmniiication of those who sustained
losses by the sudden liberation, and the re-.
suit was an agricultural depression and dis.
content that FASTENED the crisis. Tho fail.
urc of the crops produced results that were
not confined to the farming and plantation
districts: widespread misery among the
poor of Bahia. Rio, md other ccn:crs of
population followed.
So strongly was the emperor impressed
with the general dissatisfaction that, some
time ago, he expressed the opinion to u con-
fidcntial minister that the hours of his gov
crnmcnt were numbered. 1t is less than a
year ago since the Count d'Eu. husband O.!
:, the Crown Princess Isabella, declared that
as fur as the Braganzas were concerned, they
were willing to forego their claim to the
succession to the throne in the event of the
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1889-11-29

A FRENCH statistician has just as
certained that Il human being, of
either sex, who il a moderate eater,
and who lives to beseventy years old,
consumes during "the days of the
years OF his life" n quantity of food
which would fill twenty ordinary
railway baggage cars. A good
eater" however, may require as
many as thirty.