davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-12-24
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.
Tho Deeds Recorded with the Audlso
Yesterday.

Tho Deeds Recorded with the Auditor
Yesterday.
Real estate transactions from January l,
1854. 10 date are Sit, LII .3si 81. There were
fled tor record yesterday ~ deeds. the con-
siderations Aggregating sss, 32t. ~, III aver.
aae Of s757.23. Following is The list as
furnished By Osborne. Tremper & Co. alb
siractors OF title. room "a. Boston block:
l. W. Adams 10 Francis G.. Adams,
20 Clio acres in Buckley's donation claim,
81.
J. r. seelsy 10 i. w sturgis. lots - TO
rs. blk -, Seeley's add 70 Des Moines. Sl05
Southern Pacific Land Company to NJ.
Peterson, lot II. blk t5. Southern Pacific
Land Company's second add 10 Des
Maines, So
Southern Pacific Land Company 10 G..
Peterson, lot H. blk 10 Southern Pacific
Land company's second add to Des
Muines. $50.
r. K Pumrhrey 60 q. +. Munday. lot /,
blk 81. Bigelows add. s375.
j. i.eddy to j. b. capin ct al. blk u.
Woods South Division add 70 Green Lake.
$50.
United States TO H. c. Martin. sess sec
IS. % rs, Is, 500.
Yancy 4 Plaster 10 C. Pearson. lots n
and -, blk 5. Southern Pacific snpl add to
West Seattle, $40
NJ. II. CLARK To W Vance, acres in
neis 30 5, ~ -. 5. SEQ.
Wet Coast improvement Company TO ].
T. Lloyd, lot Is, blk IS. Gilman Park. $40,
Clara n. Peterson 90 y. Anderson, lot II.
blk 4 Sorenson's add 500.
l.. A. Nehhett Go J. A. Dennis, lots q and
"a blk Is, Northern add. 81 100
W. Clark lots p 10 and n, blk -. West
Coast improvement Company's first add
70 Kent. $3.50.
West Coast improvement Company -
Mrs. NJ s. kyes. lots 10 and Il. blk a.
weat Coast improvement Compsny's first
add to Kent SO
& s. Merrill 10 II. G. ADV. lots S, 8 ard
Is. blk :. Ross second add 81
e :. Merrill 10 NAY ,ialvin. lot =. blk 80
and A. Pentsus, iot 1, blk Il. Rentoas adj,
xsea
II. G Walters 10 q. G.hgilson. lots IS
and ia. blk 5 Fast Tacoma Cvass=l add.
Sc ~
W. W. Beck g. William Henderson, al /.
4 lots In Cumberland add. SAa
]. nohemy e. W. " Beck. H. acres in
svss IL sec y ~ s. ~ &ea
WI SplcF 20 ". ". BECK, mel. 81 Swf.
of sec ~. ~ - s. exceps part, s. 50.
west t',.xt I,anrexe neal t,suapanv % {;
j klgnat. LOT !. hlk Isl uiisaan PARK add.
80
q Clark q NJ ClerFens. los 10. bgk II.
glgnaAn Park al. 81 80
Rp DANIELS 81 a.. so ] r. Jones. lot
II. hls -. Madison street add. xsla.
a. {. falklas 10 : Il gsntiv. lots g and
"a. ~ 10. Hasssweoa ada. xs0.
S.,gsb,r, p.ssge Il.na c.,nnanv n r
". RsFoga. 2 lets in Huntington Park adj
g. nes Moines. So
r. j. Tharsson % A. NJ. Sahen. lots
maa : .esr : traet Il Nanla Y.s4 a.ss
sal
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-12-24
/ HOLID
FURNITURE
At
Clark Capen' s
! WARE ROOMS,
PIKE lid FIFTH STREETS.

What better or more appropri-3
ate, or more acceptable, or more
useful present can you give your
husband, your wife, your father,
your mother, your brother, your
sister, your sweetheart, your cousin,
your uncle or your AUNT, than al
beautiful Plush Rocker, an Ar
Etistic Willow Rocker, a nice Plush
lor Spun Silk Bed Lounge, a beau
ltiful Parlor Suit, an Artistic Rug,
a frst-class Hair Mattress. a nice
easy Chair or Center Table, a.
pair of Chenillc Portieres or Lace
Curtains, a handsome Couch
draped with Portiere, or an ele-
giant Oak Bedroom SUIT
All these and thousand and
one other beautiful articles are on.
exhibition in our store, corner
PIKE AND FIFTH STREETS
, 1889-07-13

Sub Item e. Divers Expenses. I. Divers
Supports. There is hereby granted sub l.
to Francis Williams, hitherto Police Con.
stable in the Police Force at FrederIk-
Slcu .ssss... -.......9 AUO.UO.
and the total under this item is + :"
to be carried out with ......... 2,516.64l
REMARKS.
This'.Amendment is based on a proposal,
submitted by the Policemaster in Ffederik..
sted. Francis Williams has served in the
Police Force there since the LIST April 1876,
and has always proved himself to be q capa.3
BILE and reliable constable. An attack Of
typhus which he had in in 1881 weakened
him considerably, and now he has become,
quite unfit for service as suffering from
mental alteration, according to certificate,
from the medical officer at Frederiksted.aa
AS he has d family and as his peculiarly
circumstances are not good, 1t is proposed
to grant him the. aforementioned Ssnpppft
until further for l year.
, 1889-07-13

No amendments were proposed.
The Money Bill for $19, 53S was adopted
tacitly.
For detrGying expenses under the Budget
for the Municipality of st. Croir for the
Financial Year from 1St April 1889 to 31st
March 1890 the foIOwing amounts are hereby
granted
sub Item D. IL. The Poor Department
l. For supportin money and house rent to
paqpers ."--.-.."..... 100000
2. Medicine to paupers......... 10000
3. Expenses for burYing pau.
!pers ."~".......".: 10000
4. Medical attendance to Door
in the country ............ 10000
81, 10000
No amendments were proposed.
The Money Bill for ell 100 was adopted
facility.
For defraying expenses under the Bwdoet
for the Municipality of 81. CrOir for the
financial Year from 1st April 1889 to 3lst
, 1889-07-13
AMENDMENT

AMENDMENT r
to the Draft of Budget for the Municipality
of 81. CrOtr for the Financial gear from the
1St April 1889 to the 31St March 1880. -
, 1889-07-13
S2,416.64

S2,41b.b4
The following amendment had been pro-
posed M
Translation. II
, 1889-07-13
slO,o97.6O

No amendments were proposed.
The Money Bill for sl0,O87 was adopted
tacitly.
For defaying expenses Wndcr the Budget
for the Municipality Of st. CrOir for the
Financial Year from LIST april 1889 to 3lSt
March 1890 the fouoping amounts ore hereby
granted
sab Item E. Divers Expenses.
, 1889-07-13

a jealous feeling. Parties rendering must
of course give a security for the proper
completion of the work, and the cheapest
should certainly be preferred, all circum-
stances otherwise equal. But it seems to
be but common justice to the inhabitants
of the Island that they should not be en-
tirely cut out; they are so cut out, when
no licitatiOn, no competition is made at all,
but the work is given to the Inspector, to
do for the sum he has estimated, while Ger.
tainly there might be just as great "a pos
Sibility of q competition opening an offer
for a less sum, as there is Il chance of such
a competition leading to a higher sum. But
men capable and able to fulfil any contract
of the kind, get nothing, while the work is
put in the hands of those already provided
for.
The Governor asked who the honorable
Member meant.
2nd Member FIR Frederiksted tBro1cnl
said he alluded to the Building Inspector.
The Governor Does the honorable Mem.
Der suppose that the Inspector of Buildings
has any private profit from having public
works to superintend The Inspector has
his liked salary and he is entitled to
nothing beyond that. In one instance
where he built the Country School for a
less amount than estimated, and there wa
a saving of $108, he was granted a sum of
800 as a qualification.
2nd Member for Freleriksted (BrOpnl
would then cOEfine himself to saying that
the inhabitants should not be debarred of
the opportunity of rendering as long as no
public competition is opened.
The discussion was closed and the
amendment to Money Bill ID. 9. Road De.
partment for a sum of 81, 100, was adopted
unanimously with 6 votes, 6 Mem.
berS voted for and Oh the COM III voting
being tried, no Member voted againSt)
the whole Money Bill so amended for a
total of 5000 WAS adopted with Z votes
against 5 (Hagemann lett)
For defrayinq erpe nseS under the Budget
for the Municipality Of st. Croir for the
Financial Year trom list april 1889 to 3Ist
March 1890 the totioping amounts are hereby
granted
sob Item D. 10. The Department of
Public instruction.
|. Other expenses for the schools in the
towns and in the country -. 81 $4,000
2. Rent Of SchOolroom at Rose
HiII................. -. $1,000
3. Do. of do. at FriedenSfcld..... 2l6.OO
4. For rewards to pupils after
the yearly examination..... 5000
81, 14O.O0
, 1889-07-13
S2,l4O.O0

An amendment had been proposed to
this Money Bill, but was withdrawn by the
Government. The Money Bill for 81, I4O
was adopted tacitIy.
For ~defrayiMg expenses under the Budqet
for the Municipality Of 81. Croir for the
Financial Year From lSt IpriI 1880 to 31st
March 1890 the foio'oing amounts are hereby
granted:
snb Item D. II The Sanitary Depart
meRt.
/. For salaries &c. to the Landphysician
and other public physicians s 2,038.O
=. For salary to a veterinary
surgeon.~..~." ...~.-.... 10000
3. Expenses for the Communal
hospitals. 14,76O.OO
4. For expenses for the Quar-.
antine Department and for
precautionary m easure
against epidemics. ........... 5000
8, For maintenance of Lepers... 2,18O.OO
8 19,538.OO
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
PRIEST CAUSED 1T
A Romantic Case Will Come Be-
fore a SiciIIian Court
This Month.
A Husband Thinking His Wife
Dead Marries Again 10
America.
Each Thought the other TO BE Dead
An UnprincipIed Priest Forged
Certificates TO That
Effect.
A Rather Romantic Case.

New YORK, Sept.-A London letter
says: The latest mail from Ragusa,
Sicily, tells a story Of an exceptionally
romantic case that viii come before the
criminal tribunal next month. Nearly
a score of years ago a laborer of that
place. which is a town Of some 40, 900
inhabitants, finding himself unable 20
support his wife, emigrated to the
United States, leaving his better half in
charge of the village priest. He set
tied in a western town. From the start
good fortune smiled upon him, and he
was able to send the priest
the sum Of 80 forms monthly
for the wife's support. AS his
position improved he increased the
amount Of the monthly remittances, but
the priest, as has since been developed,
handed the woman but s. a month and
appropriated the balance TO his own use.
This went on for several years. Finally
the priest forged a certificate Of the
husbands death and placed it in the
hands OF the wife. He also certified 70
the death Of the latter in another forged
document and forwarded it 70 the nus
band in America. This accomplished
he piously betoOk himself 10 Corfu with
the intention OF spending the
balance Of his days in peace and
comfort with the aid of a good
sized bank roll that had accumulated
from his embellishments. Fate, how
ever. w.,led IL otherwise. The unfortu-
nate wife, having no means OF support,
was forced 20 get q living by begging
from the passengers Of the Lloyd steam
ers that touched at Ragussa. The hus-
band ON the other hand married a we'll
TODD american lady by whom he has
now two children. In the spring
Of this year after about twenty
years absence he resolved 70
revisit the scenes of his childhood, ac-
~compauied by bis family. Paris, Vienna
and Trieste were visited in turn. Then
they went 10 Bagusa. Or landing at
the dock a beg-ar woman accosUed them
and asked for aims. There was a sim
ultaneous recognition. The beggar
woman was his wife, whom he had be-
lieved dead FOR years. Explanations
followed, the priest was arrested, and
viii be tried for forgery and embez-
element. The second marriage, OF
course, Is void.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28

WASHINGTON, Sept. 2l.-Senator Win
dom has decided that in the purchase Of
silver for coinage into standard silver
dollar5, he viii hereafter accept the low
est offers for the amount required, pro-
vided the price is within tho market
ratio required by law. This reyersas
the practices OF the department under
the last administration OF making
counter offers, and is a return To the
practice which prevailed prior TO 1885.
The change in the practice is said TO be
due TO representations by bankers and
others that the practice OF making
counter Offers was In effect an atsempf
by the government 90 beat the silve
market by forcing down the mar6e
rate. Secretary Window, Ia speakin.
| OF the matter this afternoon, said tina
his action meant nothing more than ap
peared on the surface, and was not Il
be understood as indicating any chang'
in the policy OF the administration IL
the matter of the coinage Of silver.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28

CLUNmUs, O., Sept. Ca letter was
received by the penitentiary warden
this morning from +. Pherill, OF Col
man, Ont, asking if tht re was a prisoner
named Theophilus Pherin in the insti-
tuition. There is a fye-year nan by
that name, who was sent from Erie
county four years ago, for attempting
a criminal assault. The letter stated
that by the death Of the prisoners par
ents he had fallen heir 70 on~e-seventh
OF an estate valued al 100000. The
writer is a brother and joint heir. The
prisoner acknowledges that he Is the
lost brother and says that he had not
corresponded with his relatives because
be was unwilling they should know he
was in prison. Ills term will expire in
August, 1850.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
A Tcrrible Expericnce.

DETROIT, Sept el.-The steamer City
of Detroit arrived from Cleveland this
morning after a very rough experience.
Soon after the boat left Cleveland las;
evening she struck a heavy storm,
which grew worse as the night adj
vanced. The paddle bulk-heads gave
way and the water was forced into the
boat at every revolution OF the wheels.
The passengers, who numbered about
700, became panic-strioken and most OF
them donned life-preseryers. The
water rose inch by inch until il was
fully six and one-half feet in the cabins.
During this terrible situation the pas
sengers were clustered In the saloons,
all prepared for the worst. The appear
ance OF the boat this morning shows
what she passed through.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
Fired by Gasoline.

DIES MoISEs, Sept. el.-Last evening
Ella Harris, an employee in the Imperial
bakery. took a lighted lamp and went 70
the cellar 70 get some gasoline. The
gasoline ignited from the lamp. severely
burning the girls arm and causing her
20 drop the lamp. With a fash the
whole basement was in flames, which
spread rapidly The IRE was soon ex-
tinguished by the IRE department, but
che contents of the elegant furniture
establishment of Byron 3. Henry and
OF the Oskaloosa Business college, Ia an
adjoining building, wero damaged by
smoke and water TO the extent oi
D1a. 900; 1oUered by insurance.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
SHOT HIS TENANT.
Trouble Between Two Farmers Termin-
ates in "A shooting Scrape.

Trouble Between Two Farmers Termin-
ates in "A shooting scrape.
OSAwA, Ia, Sept. Con Tuesday
morning Jacob Butcher, living a mile
northwest of Onawa, shot John Wilson,
a renter on his farm. Mr.. Butcher i'm
mediately came 10 town and delivered
himself over TO Sheriff Kittle and gave
81. 900 bonds TO appear at the next term
of the district court. Butcher claims
that Wilson attacked him and had him
down and was choking him whom ne put
his arm up over Wilson'S head and 1red
the pistol, the ball entering Wilson's
neck. back Of and below the ear. VIII
son and his wife say that Butcher shot
him as he stood in the door of a corn
crib, before any demonstration of fight
ing was made. There is considerable
other evidence confirming Mr.. and Mrs.
Wilson's story. The ball has not yet
been extracted from its lodging place in
the side Of his face. lie may recover
and may not. Butcher is between 90
and 60 years old and IS a peaceful, re-
spectacle citizen, and now feels very
keenly the result Of the unfortunate az
fair which may send him to tine pcni-
tertiary. and at best viii take all his
property TO get him out Of his trouble.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
Burglars Make a Good Haul.

ASHLAND, Wis, Sept. 21.-Last night
officials of the Ashland mine at Iron
wood, Mich, received $44, 500 to pay of
their men today. Being after banking
hours the money was placed in a small
vault in the Office of the Iron Elk
change bank. The cashier went to
the theater in the evening, and upon
his return shortly after III o'clock he
discovered that the money was missing.
Active measures were taken TO get a
clue to the robbers but no trace of them
has been a~scertained.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
IL suits Cleveland.

NEw YoaK, Sept. 2l.--A reporter to-
day asked ex-President Cleveland for
his opinion on the action Of several re-
cent democratic state conventions in APP
proving the tariff reform plank OF the
last national democratic convention.
Mr.. Cleveland expressed himself as
much pleased with the evidences that
the attitude OF the democratic party on
this question was still courageous, con-
Gstent and aggressive. He thought that
the careful examination OF the tariff
question by the people was bearing good
fruit, and that all indications pointed
TO the democratic party's view of the
subject. He added: III among those
counted as democrats there are found
timid souls, not well grounded in the
faith, who long for the flesh-pots of
yascillating shifts and evasions, the
answer 10 their fears should be Party
honesty Is party expediency.'"
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
sexton win Make a speech.

LONDON, Sept. e0.-When the Par
nell-Times commission reassembles
next month Mr.. Sexton will open the
proceedings with a speech in behalf of
the Irish members Of parliament that
instructed their counsel To withdraw
from the court room during the last ses-
sion. From the fact that Sexton an
nounces that for the next two weeks he
viii be busily engaged in preparing the
speech and In consulting with his coll
leagues the address is likely to be a
brilliant one.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
Clrcrs TRIM Knocked.

DIS MoNE,, Ia, sept. 20.-The Fore
paugh circus, which exhibited at oska.
loosa yesterday, met with a serious ac
cident near Searshoro, on the Iowa Cen
trail, while on the way from Marshall
town. While going down a heavy grade
the train which carried the most expen.
siye baggage broke in two. The engineer
stopped the forward section at the foot
OF the grade, but the brakeman at the
rear end failed 20 notice the difficulty
and the two sections came together with
fearful force, Two OF the long cars
were t~elesc0ped, demolishing them al
together, with the yak and lion cages
and the Cleopatra barge, valued al
5000. The animals were rescued un-
injured. Two Of the canvas men We're
hurt, but not fatally. The dishes in the
dining cars were shattered, as well IS
the mirrors and glass fixtures OF the
show wagons. The total loss Is esti-
mated at 100000.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
JUMPED FROM A MOVING CAR.
Many People Are Injured in an Eieotri'
Railroad Accident.

Many People Are Injured in an Electric
Railroad Accident.
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn, Sept 21.-A
car on the electric railroad up Mission
Ridge slipped on the side Of the hill, the
track being covered with dew. The oar
was heavily loaded and the passengers,
including the conductor, jumped of.
TIE parties injured were all visitors in
attendance at the reunion OF Wilder's
brigade. The following is . list Of the
injured:
Mrs. Mary Adams, Of Casey, III, injured
internally, probably fatal.
Mrs. NJ. J. Morrison, Of Casey, III, badly
injured.
Captain Owen WILEY, Of Casey, III, in
iured internally, badly hurt.
Vim. Munford, Of Casey, Ill, head badly
cut.
Mrs. A. c. Addison, Of Casey, Ill, seri-
ously bruised.
l. f. Miller, Of Casey, ILL.,, face hurt.
Wash Sanford, q Casey, Ill, slightly in.
jured.
Mrs. d. p. Massey, Of Princeton, Ind,
shoulder dislocated and ankle sprained.
Samuel A. Reaves. Of Princeton, Ind, IN.
ternally injured.
Mrs. S. A. Reaves, Of Princeton, Ind.
knee and shoulders sprained.
j. II. Clark Of Owensvilie, Ind, ankle
sprained.
Mrs. J.. II. Clark, OF Owensviile, Ind
shoulder and ankle sprained.
w. T.. Parker, Of Bunker Hill, Ill.
slightly bruised.
W. z. Applegate, Of Hazel Dell, Ill, GU
by barbed wire fence.
The iniured were all brought 20 Thu
city and everything Is being done 70
their relief.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
WILL NOT BUY THE PRINCE.
Huntington Refuses to Purchase a NobfsN
man for His Adopted Daughter.

Huntington Refuses to Purchase a NObfs
man for His Adopted Daughter.
PARIS, Sept. 20.-The recently an
nounced marriage OF Prince hatfield
and the adopted daughter Of c. p. Hunt
ington has been definitely broken of.
After a thorough investigation OF the
matter, the Pacific railroad magnate has
concluded that he will not pay the
princes enormous debts, which he be-
lieves should be settled by the princes
father and mother, who are perfectly
able TO do so IL they wished. Mr.. Hunt
ington declared TO the prince that he
would only allow his adopted daughter
Clara a modest income, to be paid quar-
terly, and added that it would be
stopped altogether If there were
any attempt made TO discount
it's payments in advance. Prince
Hatzfeldt Indignantly refuses 20 accept
any such terms, and is very angry. The
gist of the comment in American circles
at Paris is TO the effect that Mr.. Hunt
ington has given evidence OF much good
sense by his decision. II is asserted
that he learned during his trip through
Germany that Prince Hatzfeldt was not
an honorable man, and that there were
several very unsayOry reasons why he
could not live in his native country.
On learning Mr.. Huntington's intentions
the princes ardor as a lover underwent
a considerable modification, and, in
deed, the only person whose feelings OF
affection have suffered no change is
Miss Huntington herself, who Is still
exceedingly anxious 20 acquire the
princes badly furnished corOnet and
heart. However, sho will have no lack
of suitors while here. With Prince
Hatzfeldt barred, the horde of other inn
~pecunious bearers of foreign titles viii
find a fair field.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
Iowa's Anti-Prohibition League.

DUBUQUE, Ia, Sept. 2o.-A State
ti-Prohibition association has just
been organized by leading republicans.
Colonel Ellsworth, who has been work
ing for years in Wisconsin in the inter
est Of anti-prohibition, is the prime
mover, aided by r. w. blanchard, editor
Of the Dubuque Ledger All members
OF the league will be pledged 20 support
no candidates who do not favor repeal
OF the prohibition law and the enact
ment of a rigid high license measure.
The organization will at once begin a
canvass of the state.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1889-09-28
oIccINc oUT THE WcrlMs.
scenes and Incidents at the Quebec
Landslide.


Landslide.
QUEBEC, Sept. 2l.-The work OF Dig
ging out the victims of the landslide
was carried on all night, and although
10 rained necessarily. the efforts Of the
workers were concentrated on the
spot where the man named
Kemp was supposed TO be. At
( o'clock the work was so far adj
vanced that Kemp could be seen. He
could be heard singing popular songs.
1t is feared he is insane. A man
named Beauchamp, who, with his
two brothers had worked with
out sleep ever since the downfall
Of the slide crowded into the small
opening 10 get at Kemp, who was lying
fifteen feet under an immense pile Of
earth and stones, but the brave man had
not gone six feet when the whole
mass fell upon him. He
aged to crawl back a couple
OF feet, but was fastened there.
a redemptionist father knelt and re-
cited a prayer for the dying. The work.
ers, although almost exhausted, re-
doubled their efforts and finally Beau
champ was pulled out alive, bat badly
bruised.