davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
TREES OF AMERICA AND EUROPE.
Instructive Facts About the Forest Growth
of the United States.

Instructive Facts About the Forest Growth
of the United States.
That the United States consisted large
ly of unbroken forests is well known to
all intelligent persons. and although Sec
tions have been greatly denuded none Of
the original species have become extinct.
Few persons, however, are fully aware
of the remarkable number of the species
as compared with other parts Of the
world. In report on Michigan state
forestry, DR.. w. j. Beal, an officer Of
the commission, makes some interesting
statements, not only in regard to the
forests of that state, but of the trees and
shrubs of North America and Europe as
we'll.
The relative Importance of the trees
and shrubs Of this country as compared
with those Of Europe is surprising.
Great Britain has one species Of bass
wood, one maple, not over twenty feet
high; one cherry, from ten to twenty
feet high; one small ash, two elms, two
poplars, one beech, large but not high;
one small white birch, one species Of
pine, inferior to our white pine, and q
species of oak which sometimes grows
to a great size. About ten species of
trees are natives Of her soil Michigan,
with half the territory, has seventy spe-
cies. Great Britain has no white wood,
no white or red cedar, no hickory.
Michigan has six species Of maple Of
tree size, a Eastwood, a white wood,
honey locust, Kentucky coffee tree, two
cherry, pepperidge, five species Of ash,
q sassafras, three elm, a blackberry,
mulberry, a buttonwood, black walnut,
butternut. six hickory, about twelve oak,
a chestnut, beach, four tree birch, four
willow of tree size, six poplar, three pine.
four spruce, one larch. one arbor vite
and red cedar.
In the Atlantic region Of North Amer
lea there are 292 species; in the Pacific
region 1853 species. In all Europe there
are only IS species Of trees.
Naturally the question arises, What
has caused this great disparity? Scien-
fists explain it to their own satisfaction
by attributing it to glacial action. Away
back in their tertiary period the trees of
the regions now possessing an Arctic
climate were such as now thrive in
warm, temperate zone like that Of
Georgia and California. Then came
the glacial epoch, when snow and ice for
most or all of the year extended to the
Ohio river. At the approach Of cold the
trees slowly retreated southwark as gen.
Grafton followed generation. As the
climate again gradually grew warmer
the trees and other plants slowly mi
grated northward.
In similar manner during the glacial
epoch the plants of Europe were driven
southwark. Europe, says DR.. Gray in
The American Journal Of Science, is all
within the limits generally assigned to
severe glacial action. Most of the plants
of the warm temperate region had per-
ished, and therefore were unable to re-
treat when the continent became warm
er. $50 our lines have been cast In
pleasant places, and the goodly heritage
Of forest trees is one of the conse-
Quences."
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
Pyrethrum, or Buhach.

Every farmer by this time ought to
know the merits Of pyreth,um as an in
secticide, for these have been set forth
from time to time ever since its efficiency
was proven. That none may become
confused about the matter of names, it
is again stated that there are three prin-
cipal brands Of this powder upon the
market, known as Persian insect pow
der" "Dalmatian insect powder" and
"Buhach," which last is the California
product. These are all made from the
powdered flowers of plant of the genus
pyrethrum. The buhach is the brand
most freely used by gardeners and farm
ers, being cheaper somewhat than the
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
What Others Say.

Peter Henderson thinks every farmer
should have few acres of root crops on
his farm and he will find them invalua-
BILE for feeding stock during the winter.
Not half enough is attempted in the
way OF ornamental gardening with fruit,
says a Country Gentleman corresponds
ent. With the strictest utilitarian man.
agement few things in the country land
scape are prettier than the blossoming
or fruiting orchards, and little taste
and skill in arrangement will make the
fruits decided adjunct of the pleasure
grounds.
To exterminate raspberry bushes in
pastures American Cultivator advises to
cut with bush scythe and then stock the
pasture with cattle to browse the sprouts.
1t affirms, also, that neat cattle are much
better than sheep for exterminating
bushes. and that coarse wooled varieties
of the latter will do more towards that
object than those of finer grade.
Persons owning bees and not located
near streams of water are advised by
Massachusetts, Ploughman to furnish
them fresh water daily, as it will save
time, which to the bee means honey and
to the person means money.
There continues to be an increase in.
the breadth of oats fully equal to the adj
vance in population.
A slight reduction in the area of cot-'
ton is indicated on the Atlantic coast
and an increase west Of the state of Ala.
bama. Conditions of the crop are rela-;:
lively low owing to late frosts; lowest
in South Carolina, highest in Texas.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16

Messrs. Smith, Powers & Lamb, own
ers of Lady Fay, whose picture is given
in the first cut, and who is accepted as
about the highest type Of the dairy Hol-
stein, said: "The dairy qualities (those
concerned in the production Of milk and
butter) are of paramount Importance,
and should never be sacrificed in order
to secure better beef points; but at the
same time we do not believe it is neces-
sary to breed entirely away from beef
qualities in order to retain or even to i'm
prove the essential dairy qualities. We
believe in breeding for butter and milk
first, last and all the time, and with
these qualities developed in the highest
degree, we wish to retain all the beef
points possible"
A Colorado breeder writes: "The ma
jority Of people in this state want the
Holstein-Friesian to be an all purpose
cow. We aim to breed and raise gohd,
large, well developed stock, but in 80 do
ing we do not neglect the milking quail
ties, as we breed to the finest and best
milk and butter animals we can get. We
believe that if breeding for beef quail
ties were entirely given up, and no atten-
tion were given to breeding for large,
we'll formed bodies, the Holstein-Frie-
slams would become in a number Of years
small, i'll formed animals such as the
Jerseys"
F. G. Stephens, owner of Rhoda, the
general purpose cow, shown in the Sec
ond cut, says: My advice is to breed so
as to perpetuate the breed as they now
are (taking as standard the highest and
best type; for we have in them a COM
bination of qualities found in no other
breed, and this and this only is what
makes them better than any other known
breed. 1t is their size that makes them
so much more desirable than Ayrshires
or Jerseys, and their milking qualities
that recommend them to all farmers
over the Shorthorn. The successful
breeder of Holstein-F -Friesians is he who
produces COW weighing from 1,4O0 to
1000 pounds, which will give ten times
her weight in milk each year.
A Massachusetts, breeder thinks that
this question, like all others, has two
sides and while in the west it does, with
out doubt, pay to raise beet, he doubts
very much if it can be proftably done in
New England. Therefore he believes 1t
wise for New England men to give their
attention to breeding first for milk and
butter, and incidentally to producing an
animal that will ultimately bring a fair
figure at the block.
Rhoda, shown in the second cut. is
typical milk and beef animal. She has
always been a great mixer, having a
years record of 81 ,sO9 pounds, and a but
ter record Of twenty-three pounds in
seven days. She is now nearly IA years
old and has ceased to breed. The great
est weight she has ever attained was
1850 pounds.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
FARM AND GARDEN.
OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIENCES
OF WIDESPREAD INTEREST.

Two Profitable and Early Varieties of
Apples - The Red Astrachnn and the
Yellow Transparent. Illustrated and De-
scribed.
Probably the most profitable early
summer apple in every part of our coun-
try from Maine to California is the Red
Astrachan. 1t is of Russian origin and
Of large, roundish form, nearly covered
with deep crimson. The flesh is tender,
juicy and rich acid. The tree is Il Wig
orous, strong grower of upright spread
ing habit and a good bearer. The Red
AstrachaA is one Of the most profitable
of orchard apples and it is also included
among choice garden varieties.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
POINTS FOR THE DAIRY.
Opinions Expressed at Meeting Of New
York Dairymen.


York Dairymen.
At meeting of dairymen in Jefferson
county, NY, f. S. Munson, of Delaware
county, expressed the opinion that cold
water setting of milk is the best. Cream
should be kept cold until ready for
churning, then warmed all together,
churncd alta temperature of 62 degs He
thought one ounce of salt to one pound
of butter was about the right proportion,
although he allowed THAT the amount of
salt used in butter was strictly matter
of taste. The butter churned weighed
104 pounds, making 10 pounds of milk
necessary to produce one pound of but
ter. Cream stored in cans or pals should
be mixed or stirred thoroughly at least
six times every twenty-four hours.
a member from Richmond, N. Y,
with several years experience in silos
and ensilage is an enthusiast on the sub
ject. His dairy Of fifty COWS yields one
pound of butter for every fourteen
pounds of milk, and all the butter he
produced last winter sold at an average
of forty-one cents per pound. So much
for ensilage.
a dairyman from Utica spoke in favor
of judicious system of feeding ensilage.
He said the best corn for ensilage is the
corn that will ripen best. He filled his
silos with uncut sweet corn, and prefer
red that to any other. During last Janu-
ary and February it cost him eleven cents
a head per day to feed his COWS on ensi-
lage.
In answer to an inquiry Professor
Cooke said that white caps or white
specks in butter were caused by the
cream drying on the edge of the cream
jar or pail, also by over sourness of the
cream.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
L GATE THAT WILL NOT SAG.

This gate is made in the ordinary way,
except that the post extends up three
feet to large staple, used for the upper
hinge. The lower part of this post is an
iron rod resting in socket. A heavy
galvanized wire runs from the top of the
front post Of the gate to the top of the
rear post as a brace, and one-fourth
inch rod runs from the top of the gate
post back into the ground at A, where it
is attached to broad block. This block
is securely fastened in the ground with
stones and tamped clay, so that it will
not yield any. A heavy, fiat stone would
be better, sunk below the reach of plow
and frost. Properly put up, such gate
will never sag, says the authority quoted.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16

PROTECTION BoARD-SPADING FORK.
The protection board shown in the cut
Is advised by Mr.. James Fitz, Of Kes-
wick, Va, in his manual on apples, as
being efficient and inexpensive. To make
similar one, take two boards (old plank
will answer), saw them of two and a
half or three feet long by six or eight
inches in width. Nail their ends together
at right angles; bore an auger hole in the
center Of the one that is to lie On tho
ground; place it on the southeast side of
the tree and pin it to the ground. The
perpendicular arm or part is the shield,
and the tree is safe. A turf or fiat rock
will serve to hold it in place instead Of a
pin.
If the trees are only slightly injured,
they can sometimes be saved by an ap-
plication of equal parts of clay and COW
dung we'll mixed and carefully spread
on the dried parts and tied securely
by bandage Of cloth. The wounded
parts should be first scraped, and all
dead bark removed so as not to injure
the live wood or bark. This composition
may be used in grating and wounds
generally.
The remaining figure in the cut is
steel spading fork, which will bo found
useful for working Immediately under
the tree. 1t can be used with less injury
to the roots than hoe or other imple-
ment, and to greater depth and with less
labor.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
Sun Sca1ded Trees.

Apple trees in many sections Of the
country are more injured by SUN scald
than by any other one cause. Hence the
advisability of protecting trees, especially
young ones with high heads, from the
suns rays. Trees that incline to lean to
the northeast are very susceptible to the
rays of the afternoon SUN which will
strike their stems with fatal effect, and
the exposed bark will soon dry and peal
off, the worms will commence work, and
the tree had as we'll be removed, as it
will not pay to attempt its resuscitation.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
Best Preventive of Potato Rot.

The following formula, according to
The New York State Botanist, is the
best known preventive of potato rot:
Dissolve four pounds of sulphate of cop
per in sixteen gallons of water; in
another vessel slake four pounds Of
lime in Six gallons of water. When
the latter solution is cool pour it into
the copper solution, stir thoroughly,
apply to the potato plants when in
bloom, or in this latitude about the
middle of July, spraying the tops of it
by means of a spraying apparatus, so as
to moisten them thoroughly, but not
drench them. If the weather should be
rainy and thus favorable to the fungus,
repeat the application in ten or twelve
days.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
Here and There.

The advance in value Of wheat has
prevented reduction of area threatened
by previous discouragement.
There is the usual breadth Of barley,
but no sign of such increase as would re-
duce the volume of importation.
Excessive rains and floods perceptibly
reduced the condition and production of
wheat in various localities in Pennsylva-
MIA, Maryland and Virginia.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16

For an early apple it is good ship
per. The tree is Of upright growth, very
prolific and remarkably early bearer.
j. T. Lovett claims that it sometimes
produces in the nursery row the second
year from the bud. 1t ripens its fruit
some days in advance Of Early Harvest.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
led to develop dairy qualities

As this is matter of general interest,
a request was made by the editor of
Rural New Yorker that the breeders in
various sections of the country should
give their opinions on the subject. These
opinions as expressed in The Rural New
Yorker were agreed on one point, namely,
that the Holstein-Friesian is emphati-
cally dairy COW, although her beef at
tributes are non-sufficient to make her a
good all purpose COW.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
FARM AND GARDEN.
INTERESTING INFORMATION RELAT-
ING TO THE FARM.

House Drains and Well Platform - Ways
and Means Devised for Avoiding Mud
Holes and Stagnant Puddles-An Ehee-
tive Plan.
With platform similar to that shown
at B, in cut l, the troubles of cleaning
the well or pump are much lessened
The covering or door, which is shown by
itself at C, can be easily removed, and
does away with tearing up nailed down
boards. 1t fits closely around the pump,
holding it firm when pumping by hand
or wind power. Thick cleats fit tightly
against the sleepers of the platform,
keeping it firmly in place. Toavoid the
entrance of rats, worms and reptiles, the
upper brick or stone, for a few feet down.
should be placed in mortar or cement.
The top should incline little and be
smooth to fit the bottom Of platform.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
yalue OF Barn Yard Manure.

Noexact figures can be given to express
the actual value of what is called farm
ward manure. The three valuable con-
stituents-nitrogen, potash and phos-
phoric acid-vary widely in different
analyses, owing to the kind and condi-
tion of the animals producing it, their
food and the proportion and kind of litter
with which it may be mixed up. Again,
here is the difference between fresh,
partly rotted and thoroughly rotted
manure. and its value is further increased
Or diminished by the manner in which
it has been preserved. The following
amounts are variouSly given by different
authorities rs contained in q ton of ordi-
nary farm yard manure: Nitrogen, from
nine to thirteen pounds: potash, from
ten to twelve, and phosphoric acid, from
six to nine pounds. A very important
consideration in the use Of mixed manures
of this description is their influence on
the texture and general character of the
soil to which they are applied. While
undergoing decomposition they may also
aid in changing some of the mineral con-
stituents of the soil into soluble forms.
The condition Of rye averages high in
the northwest. 1t is lowest in Kansas,
.,,d coneida,-,blv reduced in South Caro-
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
A Good Farm Gate.

The gate shown in the accompanying
illustration is, according to Ohio Farmer.
one that will not sag.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16

There was an attendance of nearly
800 members at the recent annual con-
vention of American nurserymen. OFF,
GERS reelected were: President, George
A Sweet, Dansville, N. Y; vice presi-
dent, G. J. Carpenter, Fairbury, Neb.;
secretary, Charles A. Green, Rochester,
n. Y; treasurer, a. r. Whitney, Frank
Lin Grove, Ills.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16
RED AsTRAcaAN-A MIDSUMMER APPLE

RED ASTRACHAN-A MIDSUMMER APPLE.
In the second cut is shown the form
of the fruit and leaf of the Yellow
Transparent apple tree. This, too, is of
Russian origin, and like other Russian
varieties is hardy. The fruit is medium
in size and of light transparent lemon
yellow hue. The flesh is white, juicy
and of good quality.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-10-16

The condition of rye averages high in
the northwest. 1t is lowest in Kansas,
and considerably reduced in South Caro-
lima .-..-..-....-.-.-
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1889-01-17
Commissioners Notice.

H. II. MOORE and wife. and Jennie Terrill
and VIM. II. Terriil, her husband, Plaintiffs
Against
JANE L. CAMPBELL George d. Wiltshire
and Elizabeth his wife, Albert L. Moore and
Posy his wife. George n. Moore. Bette Glib
SON. John $. Moore and Irene c. his wife
Henry V Hurst and Mary Tarissa his wife
Charles A. Moore and Minnie his wife, Sarah
A Moore in her own right and as widow Of
James II. Moore. deceased, and administra-
trix ofJames II. Moore, deceased, Defendants
Extract from decree:
"The Court doth adjudge, order and decree
that this cause be referred TO Forrest w. Brown.
a Commissioner of this Court, who is instruct
ed to convene the creditors Of James II. Moore
deceased. ascertain the amount aud prioritie.
Of the liens against said estate and settle the
account of Sarah 4. Moore, administrative oil
James H. Moore. deceased. giving notice tc
said creditors by publication for four weeks in
some newspaper published in Jefferson County
and report his proceedings under this decree
stating such other matter az may be deemed
pertinent by himself or required by any Of the
parties. 4 copy-teste
T. w. LATIMER, Clerk.
Notice is hereby given to all parties concern
ed that will proceed to execute this decree al
my Office in CharlestOwn. Jefferson County
W. Va on the 18th day Of January, 1850.
F. W. BROWN. Commissioner.
December y, 1888. F. 7. fee. Ss.l6.
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1889-01-17
HoIC Men Die.

If we know all the methods of approach
adopted by an enemy we are the better en-
abled to ward off the danger and postpone
the moment when surrender becomes inev-
table. In many instances the inherent
strength of the body sufices to enable it to
oppose the tendency toward death Many
however have lost these forces to such an
extent that there is little or no help. In
other cases little aid to the weakened
Lungs will make all the difference between
sudden death and many years of useful life.
Upon the first symptoms of a Cough, Cold
or any trouble Of the Throat or Lungs, give
that old and we'll known remedy-Bo>chee's
German Syrup, a careful trial. 1t will
prove what thousands say of it to be, the
"benefactor of any home
Virginia free press. (Charlestown, Va. [W. Va.]) 1832-1916, 1889-01-17
nenocrnts and the Col Tarld.

Senator Faulkner has been criticised IN
varions quarters for his defense of bitumi-
nous coal and some Of his West Virginia
constituents charge that he has Topped over
towards the Republican party and joined the
ranks of the protectionists. We have be-
fore US his speech recently made in the sen,
ate. but give the following from the speeiai
correspondence of the Baltimore Sun as a
fair representation of Senator Faulkner at
titude and reasons therefor, Senator Faux
ner says:
"Spch destinations do not have any effect
pnon him. ms his action and vote on the coal
onesfion Is sustained by the declaration OF
principles of the national Democratic party
and the action of its representatives IN form
Mating the Mills bill. In that platform the
Democratic party announ' ed TO the people
of tbis country that the reduction OF reve-
nne which was an imperative necessity,
should be made sin spirit Of fairness TO al
interests" That declaration was accepted
bv the people of the country as Leading
and cardinal principle that should govern IN
the framing of the details OF a bill lor the
reduction Of the revenue.
Coal was on the dutable list at 81 20 ton
Subsequently and in the process OF reduc-
lion of the rates of duty upon the various
projected articles the duty on coal was re-
/ 5rced from 81 % to 70 cents per ton but
even then. drawbacks were allowed IN favor
| of I'M steam-vessels in the coasting trade,
and therefore protection was only afforded
/ TO coal of American production, as agalnS,,
foreign coal that was brought to the seaooaro
for the purpose of being utilized IN the man
ufacture of articles in cities on the sea0oard.
That was the only protection practically CIV
en- to coal under the provisions OF the reYe-
nue. laws.
I'm accordance with the principles OF rev.
enue reduction announced in the platform OF
/ 1854 the committee on ways and means oil
the House formulated a bill at the last seS-
SION which was substantially Endorsed by
| tbe national Democratic convention OF last
wear and on which the canvass was made be
/ fore the people of West Virginia. Every
renresentative of that party maintained that
\ me provisions of the Mills bill fairly and
/ honestly cave expression to the policy OF the
marty as announced in its platform, to Wit
\ that the reductions therein made were
prompted and controlled by "a spirit Of
| fairness TO all interests"
Congress having reduced the duty on Goa .,i
| 50 cents ton, the trainers of the House OIL
recognized the fact that further reduction
of duty upon that article would be VIOLA
| ton of that declaration that reduction;
would be made sin spirit OF fairness to al
interests" and refused to interfere with the
duty then existing on coal, leaving 1t at q,
cents ON a ton"
The vote on the Vest amendment shows
that eleven Democratic Senators voted FOL
| free coal while ten voted againstit. This Is
the largest vote in favor of free coal evel
given before in the Senate. Senator Faux
ner says heis satisfied with the position he
occupies on the coal question, and claims
that he is standing on firm, solid Democratic
I doctrines.