Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-11-29
AGRICULTURAL.


Linseed meals should be used regularly
Tor all classes Of stock Ii ia not only nu-
iritious but serves to regulate the bowel,
and aid digestion.
AZ this season the ewes should be- care.
fully attended 10. They must be in good
condition for providing plenty OF milk tn
the lambs that come in early next season.
Have small bin in the cellar in order TO
store parsnips, carrots and beets for family
use. Store them in dry sand The maia
crop may be stored in mounds outside
As soon As fall work Is over the tools
should be thoroughly cleaned and well
anointed with kerosene oil, which will pro-
tect them from rust, Never keep tools in
damp place.
The Farm Journal says that well
raised pig of from $50 to $50 ponds, dress
ed at or months old, is the best eating
that can grow In that sort of hide, and
that the days of the heavy pigs are num-
bered
Manure may fail to show good results
the first year and show well the next.
Much depends ON the condition OF the ma
teHal. Ii cannot afford food to plants un-
til it decomposes and its soluble material
can be appropriated
hanking> tie saftssf5anS fFast t'yss -,
ow-uw'zy rrurir INC rress1
thereby preventing pools from forming
around the trees. The ground being kept
dry. trees will endure the cold better
Well-cured hay is nearly as concentrated
as grain in proportion to weight Corn
contains about 10 per cent Of moisture and
hay about Is per cent. but hay contains
three times as mnch mineral matter as
corn and much more nitrogen. Hay. how
ever, contains ten times as much crude
fibre As corn and less fat.
Food is best when it contains a variety
of constituents. PhosphAtes supply the
growth and waste of the bones; organic
matter rich in gluten, albumen, legumen,
etc, are the flesh formers, and matter con
tanning sugar, starch or oil, supply the ear
bon, or fat The food, to be perfect, must
contain all the elements necessary for the
objects sought.
Improved stock requires improved food
That is, the best stock is that which re-
quires good care and management instead
of being compelled to pick up a meal where
it can be obtained with difficulty I'm
proved stock, whether full bred or grades,
give good results only when the opportun-
ity for so doing IL afforded. When the
scrub is abandoned the methods Of keeping
the scrub should be discarded also. Feed
ing has largely contributed to the develop
ment and Improvement Of all classes Of
stock, and judgment in that direction win
still permit Of further progress.
InPoRrAycB OF NITRo0Rx ~ vEGETA-
TIoS. - Scientists have long diligently
worked over the problem of the firation Of
nitrogen, which Ito make plain 10 those
who may not have given the subject con-
sideration) means the procurement or
utilization Of the free nitrogen Of the at
mosphere as food for plants. The air Is
composed Of about four-fifths nitrogen,
which IL in a free or uncombincd condition.
Ifit could be cheaply combined with some
other element il would provide all that the
farmer could wish OF that character, but rs
it seems to avoid combinations the free
nitrogen Of the atmosphere is yet beyond
the utilization of agriculturists except so
far as the plants are able to appropriate il.
The object on the part Of scientists il to de
termine ii plants have the capacity To ap
propriate free nitrogen directly from the
air.
Lawes, Gilbert, Berthelot, Wilforth and
Hcllriegel have made experiments extend
ing over period of many years, but they
have failed to discover any evidence show
ing that the free nitrogen enters directly
into the combination of any class OF plants.
Berthelot found that free nitrogen was
brought into combination by argiliaceous
soilswhen exposed in their natural condi-
tion, and that there was fxation due tu
living organisms. These gains Of nitrogen
explain how argiIlaceous soils eventually
become vegetable molds, and other expert
ments made in France demonstrate that
heterogeneous play an important part in
such processes Of combination, that elec-
trical discharges in the atmosphere of Ger
tain temperatures effected the result, and
that when the air is charged with electricity
organic matter absorbed nitrogen and
oxygen and effected combination, but re
suits were not favorable 10 the supposition
that the plants themselves effected fxa-
ton.
That combinations occur under favorable
conditions are supposed by the gain of nj
trogen in the soil, evidences pointing To
two actions in the soil, one libcrating nitro
gen and the other bringing it into eombi-
nation. There are several combinations 10
be considered, and their sources do not de-
pend ON the free nitrogen alone, as they
already exist, among them being ammonia
and nitric acid Compounds OF nitrogen)
and the gain Of these substances may be
from the atmosphere and yet not from ireo
nitrogen, but it is admitted that certain
plants and soils. under certain conditions,
may avail themselves OF nitrogen brought
into combination under the influence OF
lower organisms. The farmer is interested
in the study Of this subject for the reason
49, 4ossas iaa aE1Aklng "a
the knowledge Of the best conditions favor
able, and the action OF certain plants ON
the soil, he will be better enabled to take
advantage of such and increase the fertility
of the soil by green manurial crops.