Telegram-herald., 1889-05-08
UNFAMILIAR GEMS.
SxseE G&rcsss, 6sTsls s19-stszsss cara
- ffs<s zAd otkex Prscious st-@ss-

>
s-Err@c1z s-mp-Y TIE ol.1ao11s euaTfs !,
sapphire. r15g. ep&l. t6P4l e@re-Hc-e,
sEslhJ u 2zd pear fkis. bo~egsr, - =
very sra2L part II tss -rt1.l ifss ks@1ers
81 tAe bl.ls vi. o. course. renss 2ber tras
no lsis Ct precious stones are gigeH "a
.s2t oosz The frst = gwen 10 The csscr.l-
son of ta= Jswisa Eigs priests Drs.stp--te,
AZ : a. fc-i.ss
~Ant thoa Stat set u (ths bre4stpl@tel
IA setting ef staKss. fear FoHs ~ stoues. =
sew " s4rci,.s toF-z sud car0uECle s--l
be tae rrst rev. 4Lc tie seccrc resr "a
sHeFza = sapphire anc = ciaI1onds 2ld
.he Lhlrd rev = j4cInIn, a. agate AID a.
sEethyst, &ri the feCrth row = bsryl and
al onyx Sna a jasper
TIE second list - gwen Ia Tie osscriPtloa
~ the New Jerus-.lems
The foundations OF The walls cf the city
we're adorned with al manner OF prrclo4s
stones. Tne nrst foundation Was jasper,
.1s second sapphire. the thira chalcedony,
me fourth enerala, the nfth sardonya. the
sixth s4rclgs, tae seventh cLrys0-lte, the
eighth Deryl, tie nioth topaz, the tenth
shTysoprase, the eleventh laciEth, the
twelfth amethyst aud the twelve gates
we're twelve pearls"
In these two lists there are six stones, the
saEaius, ehalcedony. chrysoite, beryl,
ehrysoprase aud iacinth. that may be called
unknown; and two, the jasper aud sar-
dOnyx, which We are not aecus toned 10 put
IN lists Of gems
Before going any further IL viii be inter
esting 10 fad out something about the un-
used half dozen, and this, il will be found.
can be comparatively done BY trst cOnsid-
ering the chalcedony, which is the mother
stone Of large family. Chalcedony
Is q seni-transparent kind OF quartz, ap-
parently produced by the innltration Of
water holding siicious matters in solution.
The name is that OF the locality, Chalcedon,
Ia Asia Minor, where IL is said 10 have been
originally found. Chslcedony, in some OF
its many varieties. is found in Tuscany,
Iceland, the Farce Islands, Saxony, Hun
gary, India, Arabia, Surinam, Siberia,
Cornwall, Scotland, the Giants Causeway
and in California, near Vallejo Beautiful
chalcedonic pebbles may be picked up on
some Of the southern English beaches, Al
Pescadero, in California, aud al Lake Tahoe.
Chalcedony is usually milk white, but it as
sumes u number OF colors and markings.
When it is Of light red or yellow color it
Is called carnelian, because OF its flesh
color Cxrnelian was formerly much used
dom seen as an ornament except in the
shape OF cheap rings sold at country fairs.
When it is Of a deep brown il is called
sardius,i or sard; when it shows alternat-
ing parallel bands of different colors with
out any pronounced contrast it is called
onyx; and when these layers are of very
dark sard and nearly Opaque white chalce-
dony IL is called sardonyx, stone that was
and IS still held In great esteem for engrav-
ing into cameos.
Lastly, flint, horn-stone and plasma are
al baser forms Of this same chalcedony.
Though 80 closely alike in name the beryl
and chrysoberyl have little else in com mon.
The beryl is a variety OF the emerald, and is
found in six-sided prisms OF variable dimen-
sions. The colors are generally blue or
yellow, but some are colorless. Wnen of
clear tints or sea-green or SKY blue they
are called by the jewellers aqua marines.
Beryl crystals are found in New Hampshire
aud Massachusetts,, China, Brazil, Siberia,
Cornwall, Ireland and Scotland, the Irish
specimens being of G fine blue color and
sometimes quite transparent.
The chrysoberylis found in small rounded
masses about the size of pea, which on
being cut show various tints Of greenish
yellow, with clear, translucent and very
hard body. Sometimes they show blush
opalescence internally. The finer chryso-
beryls are equal IN appearance TO the yellow
diamond. They are found in ireland, Brazil
and Ceylon.
The chrysolIte, like the chalcedony, is a
silicate. Itis rarely found in crystals, but
generally in angular pieces of greenish or
golden yellow color, embedded in basalt or
lava. The principal localities are Vesuvius
Monte in Mexico, Upper Egypt, Constant
nople, and in pale green transparent crys-
tails among the sand of a stream in
Auvergne. Inferior varieties Of the chryso-
lite are called olivines, and are found in the
basalt of the Giants Causeway, the lavas
Of Unkel, on the Rhine, and those of the
Sandwich Islands. II is sometimes found,
too, in meteoric stones.
Jacinth is only another name for hyacinth,
and the hyacinth is variety Of another
silicate called zircon, found in Ceylon, Nor
way, some OF the islands of Scotland and
certain Irish streams. Zircon occurs in
crystals, generally square, four-sided
pyisms terminated by fOur-siGed pyramids,
and also in grains, sometimes white, but
more frequently red, yellow, green or
gray. The colorless or slightly smoky kinds
are called jargOon; the bright red hyacinth
and the grayish or brOwnish zircOnite.
Another precious silicate is the moro per-
feet form Of schorl called tourmaline. The
red t0urmaline or rubeilIte, which Is
brought from Brazil, Ceylon, Ayar and
Siberia, possesses considerable beauty. The
transparent colored varieties are sometimes
still cut into ring stones, etc, and when
reduced 20 thin slices are much valued for
making experiments in the polarization OF
light.
The list Of precious silicates is not vet ex-
hsusted There is. for instance, that known
as jasper II is found in various colors-
spotted banded or variegated II takes a
fine polish. and the variety and richness Of
ia colors render IL stid useful in the orna-
mental arts. Allied 70 this IL the blood
stone, jaspery variety of quartz % a dark
green color, variegated with red spots. and
was once quite fashionable material for
seals aud ring stones. When the spots are
yellow. inste ad OF red, this stone Is called
the heliotTope. Still another siIcate that
takes rank among the precious stones is
the apis lszuli or lszuli'e II il Of a beauti-
fgl color, often specS I'd with yellow grains.
and = sHl made use % in Mosaic and inla4d
work, as well ss for making vases and other
costly ornaments.
Quart, except where Il contains rich
god deposits = not generally considered
precious stone. but there "a a variety called
the rosr quarfH. which certainly comes IN
der that head. It's 81 = besutifal rose red
or pink color. and nearly transparens Itis
found En- Cevlou and Bavaria. s0d is often
SOD for much more precious stones Ad1
lsria. or fe,spar. likewise "a not % much
value. bat that resplerdeat variety foan8
lu Siberia sB3 No~vsv ~ rsis vsrIo7vish
color and ca.1sd ths s1rstoae is certairiva a
Jewel amos 2 stones Tie r.av = r-l-r or =