The Opelousas courier., 1889-07-27
SOUTHERN AGRICULTURAL.
Rust in Cotton.

The subject of rust in cotton has
been a good deal discussed. The sab
iect has generally been treated by two
classes of writer's from very different
standpoints.
l. The scientist, the college profess
sor, who understands u great deal
about science, and who may be correct
as far as his experience goes, but who
has had few opportunities of observa-
ton in Ire field.
2. The praSical farmer who has no.
ticed all the phenomena Of rust, but
who Is unable to form conclusions
from these observations.
For years l have been observing rust
in cotton, and the conclusion which |
have reached, is that it is a general
term for a variety of diseases, some
times local in the leaf but generally in
the plant itself, indirectly affecting the
leaf, and is due to a variety of aus
Injury to the leaf from parasites, de-
fective circulation from general or
special poverty, bad and irregular sea-
sons, defective drainage, and some
times from some poisonous element in
the soil. E,have seen rust or decay
from all of these causes. and he who
asserts that rust is a specific disease
due to any one cause is, in my opinion,
very much in error. We have it upon
the authority of a learned professor of
the South Carolina University that
rust comes from animal para
sites, and he has established this to
his own satisfaction by actually prop
agating the disease. l a4 far from
asserting that it never comes from,this
cause. I have myself seen it from the
depreciation of ordinary cotton lice,
but that this can not be the general
cause is evident from the fact that the
insect enemies of plants always select
the most healthy, becas-se the most
~succulent growth. The cotton worm
is invariably found first upon the most
vigorous and tender plants. II sis
was the true cause, rust would prevail
generally when the crop was under the
most favorable conditions, and would
exist without regard to seasons or
soils. Such is not the fact.
Again, that distinguished farmer and
agricultural writer, DIR. Lee, for whom
| have the highest respect, tells us that
rust is always the result of fungus
growth. My observations do not sus-
tain this. | have never been able to
detect any reddish deposit upon the
diseased leaf as is the case with the
grains, hence the name.
DIR. Henry Ravenel, of Aiken, S. c.,
who vas widely known as an eminent
%bootanist, especially in this class of
plants. cryptogamia, once stated to me
that he had been deeply interes IN
the subject of rust in cotton, having
himself been for years a cotton plant
or. and that he had V been able
with the most powerful glass to discov-
err any fungus growth. Now, if DR..
Lee has detected this growth by the
microscope, then there is here a con-
fict of high scientific authority. But
has he or has he not accepted this
from analoG with other plants.
Again, David Dickson, the great
practical farmer, asserts that rust is
nothing butEHpoverty; AMI your
land and you will remove the disease.
There is no doubt that poverty of the
soil is the most general cause of decay
rust; every observant farmer will
admit of some limitation. In%judicious
manuring of poor lands with a very |
fertilizer sometimes produces
the disease. This doubtless happens
the manure becoming exhausted
Or ceasing to act from want of moisture
at the critical period when the plant,
stimulated and loaded with
fruit, is left in worse condition than If
no manure had been used. Such has
been the fate of many a promising
crop. But this occasional experience
no argument against the position
hat manure combined with humus is
;he best general remedy for rust, if
lot a specific.
Again, we hear a great deal of late
about kainit as a sovereign cure.
r acre is no doubt that upon certain
ands where potash has been exhausted
,r is absent. chat the effect of kainit is
in sustaining the plants. /
nave seen remarkable illustrations of
his on my own farm!9 But neither
Or special manuring will pre-
rent rust upon lands radically insult
ID to cotton.
There are certain sour lands, gum
ponds. which will not make cotton even
With the best manures, and there are
,ther lands which rust so badly as to
Indicate not simply the absence of
ertility, but the presence of some
loxious element, probably iron, in
iome injurious form.
A summary of what | have written
s that rust in cotton is rarely a disease
If the Leaf, but generally a decay of
he plant, and is due not to one, but a
lumber of unhealthy causes. But it
nay be asked why is it that cotton is
more subject to this decay than any
'ther of our cultivated crops?
! thinRSwe need not go far to find the
rue explanation. It is said that wheat