Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-11-06
FARM NOTES.

animal LOT Ine purposes TcQulItu, anu
when a breed is bred strictly with
view TO having it excel in the exhlbi-
tion of superiority of the outer char
acteristics 1t is sometimes due to a loss
Of yigor in the stock, the result of the
sacrifice of the more important indI-
vidual characteristics OF utility. Breed
ers have made mistakes in adhering too
closely to the color marks, or rather in
giving a greater number of points to
those sections that really are not so i'm
pOrtant compared with others
ALKALIEs FOR THE RooT MAGG JT.
DIR. L. III. UOskins, of Vermont,
writes that two years trial seems to
confirm the statement that the Larvae
of the Anthomyfoe A. cepdrlrHl, Il
6rdssioo, Il. rdphd,tl may be very
greatly checked in their ravages by
| the free application of fine air-slaked
| lime, or of unleached ashes, along the
rows, in close contact with the plants
| The application must be free in order
To be fully effective. The doctor has
not found an application half an inch
deep for two inches on each side OF the
row Tor about the roots for cabbage) to
do any harm to the plants, or a much
less quantity TO he fully effective. He
tried Mr.. Gregory's chicken remedy on
onions, but found it did not answer;
while the application OF ashes, especi-
ally as soon As rain fell sufficient 10
bring the alkah into action, seemed to
stop their working very promptly.
THE DEPTu OF DEAINS.-This IS
matter of interest To many farmers In
England the discussion between the ad-
vocates of deep and shallow drains has
been long and fierce The deeper
drslins-fOur feet-haye in every in
stance seemed 10 carry the weight Of
argument. Few cultivated plants like
wet toes, and, practically, they viii not
penetrate beyond the average line OF
water standing in the soil during this
period of growth. Deeper drains mean
a greater depth of soil for moisture and
nourishment for the plant, more pro
lection fof the roots from the sun and
dry winds, less injury TO the plant from
extremes of drouth, moisture OF frost,
and a more uniform temperature for
the roots. The man arguments in
favor of shallow drains are, rapidIty of
removing surface water, and less cost
HORSE SHOES AND SHOEISG--Ihe
blunders and careleSsneSs OF horse
shOers often subject 1.-THE nObleSt OF all
animals 10 ItGtlAGoS dASNOAl4AbAN "A AAbN
cruelty. \ recent writer remarks that
the proper form of the shoe can be
adapted for relieving conclusion in
horses subjected To hard and fast work.
Ii allows the frog and probably por-
tiOn of the sole and bars to come in con-
tact with the ground, so that the
weight of the animal is distributed over
a greater surface of the foot, and not
confined entirely TO the wall, as in the
case of the seated shoe. The elasticity
of the horn may to some extent relieve
the foot and leg from conclusion, but
the frog, if allowed to come to the
ground, acts much better.
The same authority suggests or ad-
viSes, on another point, in this wise:
To prevent horses striking the shoe of
the fore-Toot with the toe of the hind
foot, shorten the toe of the front shoes
and lengthen those of the hind-foot,
and in a little while it Will cause the
horse to pick up his fore-feet quicker
and the hind-feet slower.
The quality of milk cannot be fixed
by law. The milk from some cows will
contain 4 lower percentage of solid
matter than others. 1t IS even impOs-
sible to obtain the same quantity of
milk from one COW. Her food, dura-
tion of milking period, facilities for OBJ
tanning water and the manner of being
milked influences the quality The
milk of cows from young grass will
vary greatly from that produced from
ground grain.
\ TEMPERATURE of from 64 to &C
is necessary in churning, and as the
weather becomes cold the chuTn and
-,
ature can be easily regulated by the
aid of cold and warm water to reduce
or raise as is required. The churn it.
self may be very cold, and some dairy
men pour warm water into it, and
then renew it before putting the cream
in.
THE amount of salt necessary to be
used in butter is generally accepted rs
ounce of salt 10 one pound of butter;
but in sailing butter the state of the
weather is to be considered as well as
the preference of the market In
winter less salt is required, and in
some markets butter that is very salt
Is not sold as readily as when less salt
is used.
THE horse is blanketed to prevent
colds, while the COW is turned out 10
face the storms. The COW cannot en-
dure cold any better than other ami
mails, and though it may not be neces-
ssIry To blanket her, yet she should have
a shed, or some other protection in the
| barn-yaTd-
| THE rich black liquid that flows off
/ from the barn. yard contains the wealth
| of the farm. Use absorbent material,
and save it. The loss of liquid ma
/ uure IS great, and If saved would not
| only add fertllIZing matter to the
| farm but increases the value of the
| solids,
ASPARAGUS beds may be made now.
/ Place the roots two feet apart, first
making tie bed very rich with manure.
IL is usual to have the roots closer, but
| as the roots will thicken in the bed in
the course of time, il is better to allow
| plenty of room in the beginning.
ALL plants that are set out in the fall
| for a permanent patch, such as raSp-
berries, blackberries, etc, should be
cut back TO within six inches of the
roots. Canes that are left on will be
of no advantage next season
WHAT are called sour apples are
really sweet. though their taTtness
hides the saccharine properties they
contain. Some of the richest sour
apples, as the Russet, make very strong
vinegar, which they could not do if
they did not contain a good deal of
sweetness
| GIVE winter protection to the small
fruit. The thing to do is to select
the best varieties, even if tender, and