New-York tribune., 1889-12-23

MIGHT otberwise embarrass the orgahlzauoh "
the Reuublic ON really liberal basis Inc
s.c,ra ~ these DEGREES mo. Z. of Nov. 2Ol
IN a sweeping revolutionary measure, ior Tue oie'
tion OF Provisional Governments IN the o.a'e'
during the period required for their reorganization
Il reads as follows
STATE GOVERNMENTS.
~. p.ovs,onal Government OF the United States OF
Brazil decrees; -, u..oA ~, ,ho
Art. l. All the provincial assemblies created oy .ne
laws Of October i2 1882. and August L. 1855 are a
solved. -.,....,.. =, 81, ,-r,,ea
=, nail tho following powers belong to the Gov
e. To establish the civil. judicial and eceiesas-
ticai division the respective States ana the 'an Vi
It's eapitxl 10 the most convenient locanty
e. To take measures as TO public instruction and
xsts for purpose and promote II In
al degrees ,.. A.. ,,.,no, .,
prvatc for the public use oil the
state in 90 far matter is not already es'aosheo O
Sec. T. To determine the public expenditure Of the
STATE and to create collect the taxes necessary there
for nsornuch these do not preIuoce inc seher"i ~
Of the United States Of Brazil;
Sec s. To supervise the employment Of the pubic
revenue OF the and the account OF its eSpendor
Sec. o. To create places To NIL these pS sui'aoe o
.nees and 70 hx for these their remuneration
See T. To decree public and make provision ms
10 roads and navigation the interior OF the state a. 10
the tdIGces OF prisons their labor system cor'ee
regimen: Is establishments OF public assistance anu al
political or religious associations; IL
sec To form the indispensable and necessary ponce
force and to provide enlistment Organization anu
discipline, in accord with the Federal Government
Sec 0. To appoint suspend and dismiss puohc en-
moves az the respective States with the exception OF per
.o,a., ,sois,rates who may be suspended to be duly
and punished with the necessary appeal 70 the
Government; 49,. u.,.on,
0, interest and sinking fund dependent upon 'he Spo
AZ the Federal Government;
Sec H. To regulate the administration OF pfopefucs
Of the State authorize the sale on sueh as ~
necessary retain, but this TO be maze oy poo
tition; ~ . e., .,ot,s
t,e the cstechesis and civilization Of the abctgnes All"
the establishment Of colonies; ,s.
Ser 1s To Give notice to Federal power against
laws resolutions and acts Of other States vi "h0 ~
which attack the rights OF the respective StS'' -
Art s. The Provisional Federal Government iese. 20
10 itself the right to restrict, enlarge ana suppress
the powers which by the present decree are 49,, ~
s,h.,,,ue them I'm accordance with eNpediehcy III u"
present period OF national reconstruction as 70 e '
veal and 20 the peace and rights OF the people, A..
Assembly. Room Of Provisional Government On @ oe
Psnnbllc of the United States OF BRAZIL 'o'o'"A N'
'o''' Marsha, MANoEI. pEoDoRo DA FoNsECA'
chief n, the Provisional Government
ARIsTIprs pA sILvIHRA LOBo.
EXTRAORDINARY POWERS FOX THE Wv h"
NORs.
In view of the extraordinary powers granted
% the governors and of a possible conflict OF
.,,hor;,v arising before the definite organization
d. of State Governments the Central GovernmehV
,,a. oh,i0ed "a issue another decree on the 23d
reservinu 10 itself the right of appointing the
governors chiefs of police, military COMMANDMENTS
o,;s,rotes etc at the outset This amendment
shows how hastily some of these revolutionary
neasnrcs have been drawn up, and how great
tho danger is that the ministers may, through an
excess of zeal defeat their own purposes Many
of the provisions in this decree are as necessary
as they are absolute. The Provinces OF brazi
had no code of laws constitution Tor themselves
n nor had their people any proper experience III
self-government Their annual legislatures Noteo
budgets for themselves and the municipalities
and authorized certain local taxes TO meet the
specifed appropriations These taxes were oi'eh
iniquitous and burdensome. because they generah'
affected small industries and occupations, leaving
the rich planter comparatively free. Inc rroV-
inces also legisated to some extent on Educational
and church matters, but always under The lhspec-
ton and assent of the Imperial government ana
the President of the Province, who held his olic'
by Imperial appointment, and represented th'
Crown. The overthrow of Imperial authority
left these new States without any definite political
organization, and it became necessary, therefore,
TO define the authority of their provisional COVER
nors. In doing this il is to he feared the Govern
ment has gone q little too far. 1t will not be
MANY months before their constituent assemblies
will be called. hence there is apparently no need
for investing these Governors. often men OF httle
experience and not always of sound Judgment. witt
the extraordinary powers specified In this decree
There can be no reason for granting them authority
10 remove the capitals to disappropriate private
property and to decree public works. in the
hands of vindictive men these powers may lead
TO much mischief. The general legislation of the
Empire still remains in force, and this ought tc
he sufficient TO meet all ordinary cases untl
proper legislation is secured.
STRENGTHENING THE ARMY.
Beyond these measures the acts of the Provin
cial Government have been wholly of routin
character. Steps have been taken TO increas
the effective force of the army from 800 to 20
600 men, terms of enlistment have been modified
assurances have been given that all contracts an
obligations entered into by the Imperial Govern
ment will be maintained and the regular busi
ness of the departments has been carried on il
the usual way Few dismissNls in the Civi
Service have occurred, though in the militar'
service nuMDer O1 luIpOItdH OhohHe' wv -
ported. II has been painful to see the prompt
tude with which eray-headed officials and puoh
men have abandoned the Imperial cause and de
clared their adhesion 10 the Republic. Men VIII
have grown gray in the EmperOr's service, VIII
have been courtiers all their lives, who have re
ceived favors innumerable, and who have bee
among the first in their denuncations OF re
publican ideas are now among the first TO welcom
the Republic and to paint rose-colorcd pictures o
the future In regard to this, one Of two thing
must be true: Either these men were false L
the Emperor and the Monarchy, and lived 10
years in q false position, or they are now coward
and time-servers.
DIFFICULTIES BEFORE TIE REPUBLIC
With such people the problem of establishing
a strong and liberal Republic is one Of doubt
fnl solution. A Republic needs citizens of eX
ccntional INTELLIGENCE. great frmness Of characte