Telegram-herald., 1889-10-18

Tie resources OF the Republic are
much the same a. those OF thv south
American states ln character. but much
greater ln extent. The mineral wealth
Is especially great, and the agricultural
resources are vet capable Of greater de-
yelOpment. The Mexican army con-
slsts OF about thirty thousand men. and
tie navy l. quite small, cOoslstlng only
Of i've gunbCats. the number 81 post
offices ga lSs7 was 500, minor ones, 724.
/ A steamer runs between New York and
Mexico va Havana, weekly. Education
T u now compulsory, and higher educa-
+ ton Is 10 Is al the expense Of the
State.
NICARAGUA.
Nicaragua is the largest of the Cen
I tral American States, with an extensive
seabOard on both the Atlantic and Pa
/ ciIc coasts, containing an area of ST.
600 square miles, including a large por-
ton OF the Mosquito territory, and con-
tanning probably half million Of IN
habtants. mostly OF mixed blood
Ine cOnst tuition of Nicaragua was
. proclaimed IN lS5S. IL vests the legisia-
tive powers IN Congress OF two
( Houses, the upper called the senate
( eighteen members-the lower the
House OF Representatives. Both Houses
are elected by universal suffrage, the
members OF the House for four and OF
the Senate for SIX years. The President
IS elected for four years, and Is assisted
10y four ministers.
The leading exports of Nicaragua are
coffee and india rubber. OF the first
upward of 100000 worth Is exported
annually, while of the latter about
5000 900 worth is exported. There are
about four hundred thousand head of
cattle IN the Republic, and the export
Of hides IS very large. However, the
occupation of raising cattle is carried
on in a very rude way. There are less
than fifteen hundred miles of telegraph
lines in the Republic, and about one
hundred miles Of railroads.
Education Is advancing. An official
report for 1887 placed the number OF
schools at 25l, wlthll ,914 pupils. There
are also two higher schools, one for
boys and one forglrls. However, there
Is much ignorance, Tor the population
is largely made up of aboriginal IN
dians," negroes, mullatoes and mixed
races.
PARAGUAY.
This is one of the most promising
States of South America. 1t Is gov
erned by a President. elected every four
years, and a Congress, consisting of a
Senate and q Chamber of Deputies.
The country is in every way favOTably
situated for trade. 1t is covered with
most valuable timber. The rivers are
numerous and navigable, many Of them
for hundreds of miles. Products
Maize, rice, tin, coffee, cocoa, indigo,
maniOc, tobacco, sugar cane, oranges,
cotton, and the celebrated zerba mate
tea.
PERU.
Peru, at one time the most important
of the South American States, is still an
important Republic, having some l40O
miles of sea coast on the Pacific, and
having large natural resources.
1t has been much disorganized since
the war with Chill, which cost it the
departments Of Tacna and Tarapaca,
and almost totally destroyed its army
and navy. Ii still has an area, how
ever, of 4C5, $40 square miles, with a
population of nearly 3,000,0 includ-
ing 1000 uncivlllzed Indians. The
valleys among the mountains are fer
tile IN the extreme, and the COrderlllaS
are rich IN precious metalsand IN quick
silver and copper, which are the main
sources Of the wealth of Peru.
GuanO used to be a prominent ex-
port, but since Chill seized the guanO
fields this source of income has been
shut off. But it has many medicinal
products, among them being Peruvian
bark, sarsaparilla, copaiba, etc. All
these articles 1t exports, its import:
being cotton and wOOlen goods, cutlery
lrOnware and machinery. In 1884 there
were 1000 miles of railroad in operation
and 800 miles more were IN course OF
construction. There were also 1874
miles of telegraph wire. But little
progress has since been made.
SALVADOR.
Salvador, though the smallest. is sec
ond in population among the Contra
American republics, extending along
the Pacific coast for 40 miles. 1t has
an area of about 1925, and the pOpula
ton was computed to be 664 ,5l3 IN 1888
Salvador has been an Independent
state since 1853. Universal suffrage ].
the rule. and the representatives ar,
elected for one year. The president.
tenure of Office is four years, and he d
assisted by a ministry OF four member
Z and supported 10y an army OF 250o.mon
? with "a militia OF 1900.
Salvador's finances are IN good con
r diton. The principal articles of pro
duce are indigo, coffee, sugar anC
{ b}lssm.
There are over 1900 mile|of telegraph
r lines I'm operation in the little State
E , The capital IS connected 10y a gOoS
broad road with Ia Libertad, the prin
clpal hqriOr. and a railroad connect
the port of ACaiutla with the inland
4 | town of Cennena, and Is being OK
, | tended.
URUGUAY.
! This Republic was known in forme
times as Banda Oriental. IL lies 4
the south of Brazil. and formerl.
formed a province Of that empire. ]
has an area Of nearly seventy tnousar'
square miles, with a population @
afout FIVE hundred thousand lru
d riav owes its independence o. q sue
e cossftll revolution in 1925. 10 grow
wheat maize and barley, out q tlsmain
b lv a uastoral country and e rcn 81
"a horned cattle. horses and sheep u
b f<s- there were i'm Uruguay 33s mi.c
of railroad and 1852 miles Of telegraph
vEvTzuFIA.