davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16

THE FIRST CROQUET SANDAL. lSGS-FASCY
LhUQLET OF leS..
lent method of t,,ting shoes with thin sheets
of rubber for the upper and leather soles.
This he soon improved by using a cloth guar
ter. bnt even then the shoes were SO stiff in
winter rs to be difficult to put on or off. Yet
these were the best III the market, md tho
demand for them grew SO that Meyers, fac
tory was soon turning out POO pairs day,
at that time thought to be gigantic busi-
ness. During the Mexican war MI Meyer
nude considerable money By furnishing rub
Der pontoon bridges and boats for the gov
ernment-
Although the invention of Charles Goot-
year reyolulionized the rubber business it
was some time before goods made by his pro-
cess became popular People had become 50
accustomed to the old style and quality that
the rev goods were regarded as some = all
kee notion" The goods were first shown to
the merchants of Hartford, Springfield, Wor-
cester md Boston. No one would buy them.
The only way to introduce them was to leave
a few pairs on sale with the retail dealers,
with permission to present sample pairs to
some OF the most prominent and influential
neople of the city. H S. Downs, who is still
remembered by n few Of the Oldest wholesale
shoe dealers, was the first statesmen. His
SAUlpltS "cIc AG1 eS'' ~ S>'' - ''A -
market basket AT length the ''nem tangled
rubbers caught the popular fancy and all the
rubber manufacturers began to pirate the
Goodyear process.
A marked improvement was made in the
general appearance and style of the shoe.
Manufacturers We'd with each other in PRO-
tiucing what was then thought to be unique
styles. First sort of buskin was the style
then came a croquet sandal, next followed 1
rubber with high quarters, but low in front
this changed to have narrow strips Of rubber
like straps across the foot
Soon after the advent of the Goodyear
process came higher prices for the crude rub
ber, AS the old fashioned rubbers were from
pure rubber, these could be made over by thu
vulcynizing process quite rs well as the raw
rubber from South America. Quite an i'll
dustry was then started in buying up the ol.
rubbers and carriage cloths, etc. as a rcsul
very few specimens of these quaint old shoe
| are to be seen today.
Manufacturers still continue to improve il
both style aud quality their products. Thos
| who complain Of the poor quality doubt
lessly bought what are known to the trade a
| ''orphans." These are the poorer qualities
and the manufacturers, dsowning them
stamp with the name Of some fictitious CON
| pany.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
Mixed Up In Making Change

1t is odd how confusing some little prob
lens in figures will sometimes be. A gentle
man sat in business mans office writing
letter, the proprietor being close at hand.
When lie had finished he asked for stamp,
and his friend pulled open a drawer in the
desk and handed him one of the little portraits
of George Washington. The guest gave him
nickel, and was III return given three pen
MES. AS he was placing these in his pocket
he thought of playing q trick, and dropping
one of the pennies produced the other two,
saying: "Why, here, George, could have
given you the exact amount" at the same
time rendering him the coppers. His friend
took them and gave back the nickel he still
held, pocketing the pennies without word
Of protest. The guest departed, but tho next
day came i'll again, and he was greeted by
the proprietor the first thing with: Say,
Tom, about that stamp" He got no further,
for the laugh on the visitors face showed
him the Job had been put up.-Chicago Her
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
JOHN M,keowN,s LUCK.

Poor Day Laborer Whose Income Now
Teaches 100000 Year.
LUCKY" John McKeown, the oil king OF
this field, has Il monthly income from his oil
wells greater than the annual salary of the
president Of the United States
A producer In this field said yesterday: II
can give you figures to prove that McKeown's
wells ara now bringing him more than $780,
200 per month. The last word had from his
three Knox Farm wells they were aggregat
ing fifty-six barrels an hour. Ofcourse they
will not do this long, but he has other wells
coming in that will keep up his daily produc-
tion. lii fact, McKeown is trying to increase
his production all the time.
''Three wells doing fifty-stx barrels an hour
is 1874 barrels every twenty-four hours, or
O,320 barrels month. McKeown has pro-
duc!ng wells In nearly every district, even
back in Bradford, which he left with big
fortune years ago, made on the rich Bing-
ham lands. To place his production at so 900
barrels a month is putting it under the actual
amount rather than over. On every barrel
Of this oil he receives premium, except at
Bradford, and there his production is the
smallest
at is safe to calculate premium Of fifteen
cents above tho market on the whole OF Nc
Reown's production, twenty cents being the
actual premium on the most of it The pre-
MUM on the production is $3.50 q month,
and this total value is s57, 500 month, OF
$500 more than President Harrison receives
for a year. If Mr.. McKeown can keep his
wells stirred up to this point his gross income
from them in twelve months would be $780,
600.
His Knox Farm gushers arc in q locality
that year ago was not considered gilt edged,
but everybody believed it was good when
McKeown began to stake Off locations for
wells. Everything he has ever touched has
turned to greenbacks, except his Turkeyfoot
venture, and since Gailey's big well there It
is not certain that McKeowns land will not
be all right. 1t was McKeown who opened
up tho richest spot ever found In the Penn
sylvania oil regions. This was his Martin
Pool Washington county, where his famous
Martin No. s amazed the trade for months.
Three farms in this pool produced, according
to the best estimates. 50, ,000, 900 worth of oil,
and they are still producing.
SIN addition to his oil interests McKeown
owns % 600 acres Of yellow pine lands In Ala
bama, one Of the largest Touring mills in
Minnesota and n business block in Baltimore
said to be worth 81, 100000. He is so rich he
doesn't know how much he is worth, and he
goes about his oil wells from S o'clock in the
morning till late in the evening. and if you
didn't know him you would likely take him
for one of the hands, He has been a very
strong and rugged man, but the hurly burly
Of oil life has told on him very perceptibly.
McKcown has gone through the entire oil
excitement in Pennsylvania, having begun on
Oil creek in the pioneer days US O. laborer at
50 d day.n-W Washington Pa) Cor. Pittsburg
Commercial
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
rain or SHOW, the poet lons his frowsy cap
and his frowsicr slouch hat and promenades

rain or SHOW, the poet uonS his troWsy cap
and his frowsier slouch hat and pronlenadcs
for an hour or SO, none daring todist'lrb him.
Every day at dinner n bottle of port is placed
before the host, and Tennyson retires with it
generally when dessert comes ON and leaves
his guests ut the table The poet is to be
found in his study, with his bottle by his
side and huge dock glass holding a pint
This is filled half with port aud half with
water, and tho bard solcmnly fills aud refills
till bottle and glass are empty.
Among the visitors Henry Irving, the
actor, hus long been most welcome. Upon
one occasion Tennyson pressed Mr.. Irving to
take a glass of his precious port. MIR. Irving
did as lie was desired, but not being a port
wine drinker slipped it very slowly. Before
he had finished it the decanter from which
the bard had been automatically rcplenishinS
his goblet was empty. Lord Tennyson babe
tho butler bring fresh supply, and, turning
round to his guest, said dryly, 'Do you al
WAYS drink n bottle of port Mr.. Irving; after
dinners"
The laureate, however, though endowed
with an appreciation of winc, has always
partaken spnringly Of it, Ho has not prac-
ticed and does not practice now n similar
abstinence in tho matter of tobacco. He
smokes perpctually-a pipe always by
preference Il long pipe of the kind known as
'schurchwarden,n and at each of his houses
he possesses u divun, specially conceded to
himself, in mn upper story. whittier he some
times invites 4 friend TO smoke and hear him
read. No mans habits could vary less
After an early breakfast he devotes an hour
to his correspondence, with bis eldest son
Then he smokes, medtatcs, writes, and occa
sionaly strolls III his garden till lunch,
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
I,ove's Young Dream.

Miss De Sweet-Do you like pearlsa
Mr.. Nicefellow-I do not care for separate
pearls; they arc too tame; but I admire
them In rows or clusters.
Miss De $50 do I. If there is anything
love, it is pearl necklace-large pearls,
you know. Pa gave me one some years ago,
but although it is very handsome, do not
care much for it, because the pearls are
rather small.
Mr.. N.-Ohl Small pearls should never
be put into necklace Only the largest size
are worthy of such display. For my part, l
much prefer diamond necklaces.
Miss De. S.-Aren't they lovelyl The pure
white diamonds especially.
Mr.. N.-Yes. It's pity, though, the col
ored diamonds are out Of fashion; but think
they are coming back. I saw a necklace to-
day with every tenth diamond colored, and
the effect was wonderfully brilliant. 1t was
at Biffany's; quite cheap, too. By the way,
will you marry mea
Miss De S.-Ohl This is so sudden Yes
my love. will
Miss De Sweet (half an hour later)-Clara
Nubbins, next door, is engaged, too; but
think her lover showed shocking taste in tht
selection of her ring, it is so big aud clumsy
and, besides, it seems sort of brazen. 1t il
six large diamonds set with pearls
Mr.. Nicefellow-For an engagement ring
there is nothing neatcr than plain gold. BIZ
fany has them for dollar.-New Yorl
Weekly
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
'&0I' M-HELH-@. il 0g@ou .n.u-"Tsi.1# I'D 0GHRm 4I.I
Happiness lii Doing Good,

A big man walked down Fourteenth street
at about o'clock i'll the afternoon. He was
faultlcssly dressed, with flower in his coat
lapel and gold headed cane in his hand. His
mustacho was gray and his face little
flushed. He looked to be about 50 years old,
and has been taken for a prosperous New
Yorker. He was extremely dignified- No
body would have suspected from his walk
that he was drunk. His inebriety was of the
sort which does not extend below the neck.
His legs wero perfectly sober, but he removed
his hat and made stately bow to an old
1arky who was passing in a coal cart. A red
handkerchief about the colored mans necl;
had apparently led him to believe that an
elegantly attired lady was going by in Ian
dau.
Just above G street u poor, measly cur dog
lay on the pavement in the sun. The big man
stoDpei nri' l,,,l-A1 n+ hin, r.,o dog fl,al,ls =
wagged his tail, but was either too poor OF
too lazy to get up. A sympathetic and be
uevolent look came into the big mans face
Out FROM his trousers pocket he pulled q rol
OF bills 1t WIS three inches thick. There
wcrc tens md twepties, and there must have
been hundreds of dollars in the roll. Care
fully picking out II dollar bill he laid 1t Of
the pavement just by the dogs nose.
Here, poor doggie," said he, go bu,
yourself Il bone" and as he passed on dowl
the street his face was radiant with tho con
scousness OF a good deed done. .-Washingto
Post
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16

auM SHOE OF 1S35-F1RsT GUM SHOE, lsSo-
RUBBER SHOE OF 1874.
came interested in the rubbers problem. In
the year 1885, while in Philadelphia, he be-
gan his first experiment. So earnestly did he
apply himself to the study he soon became SO
reduced in circumstances that it was said OF
him, "If you meet man who has on rub
ber cap, coat, vest and shoes, with an India
rubber purse without any money in it, that
man is Goodyear"
In 1886 he discovered method OF depriv-
ing Indu rubber of its adhesiveness by dip
ping it in nitric acid. This method met with
favor III tho manufacture OF shoes, and was
followed until superseded by the better
method of vulcanizlng, which was first pat
ented In 1874, the patent being issued June 10.
As is often the case in such matters, after
years Of patient toll and study the secret Of
vulcanizing was discovered by accident. In
1880 Goodyear began experimenting with
rubber and sulphur. His only laboratory was
such as his own kitchen afforded. One day
while earnestly discussing with friends the
merits of what he supposed to be an impor-
tant discovery, a piece Of the rubber contain
Ing sulphur by accident fell on the hot stove,
To his great surprise the rubber did not melt,
but instead formed a solid crust. That night
he nailed the burnt piece Of rubber to the door
post, thus exposing 1t all night to extreme
cold. Much to his delight hext morning be
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
MANUFACTURING GUMS.
HOW THIS WORK IS DONE BY THE
INDIANS OF PARA.

The Forerunner of the Present Light,
Waterproof Foot Coverings That Are
Manufactured from Cloti, and Vulcan
lied India Rubber.
To the Portuguese settlers in Para is due
the credit Of first putting to practical use
what is now the rubber of commerce. They
no doubt found it serviceable in protecting
them from the continuous rains OF that coun-
try The chief use to which they put it was
to protect the feet, though in some instances
IL was spread in thin sheets and worn across
the shoulders as II sort of cape. The Para
Indians soon learned the simple art Of max
ing the rude rubber shoes and very soon
many were engaged in the industry.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16

knocked down by foot pads with the coupling
pin which was found near the spot where he
had been last seen, while they were trying to
steal his diamonds, of which he always wore
$500 worth 1t has been said that he was
not foully handled, but bought some meat to
get blood to put OH tho coupling pin and the
hat, and the tracks were ct the hack which
had carried him to some obscure station,
where he took a train and fed Y
The second cut represents Brown as lie re-
turned home, emacated and i'll dementel
condition The physicians who examined
him and found q scar on the back of his
head one and onehalf inches long and
half an inch wide, say undoubtedly That
mental trouble was brought on by this
wound. His physical condition is changed
for the better and there are hopes for his re-
covery. a@o"3...3. ym....,
Nj. Brown has very din, recollection Of
his wanlerings but as his condition improves
his physicians hope that he will be able TO
clear up this mystery.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
DEER LODGE MONTANA, AUGUST is, 1889.
WHOLE NO. 1O4D.
still found it perfectly pliable. After many

still found it perfectly pliable. Afte. many
further experiments-his only appliance be-
ing the family cooking stove--he learned the
proper proportion Of sulphur, and that 27S
degs. was the exact degree of heat necessary
to produce the desired quality of uniform
fioxibilitv and consistency In either hot or
cold temperatures
Goodyear had so often induced his friend
to invest money in ventures that had proved
failures that his present discovery was looked
upon with suspicion. It was not until 1914
that he succeeded in interesting q capitalist
who would invest sufficient capital to expert
ment on a larger scale. With Yankee shrewd-
ness he secured patent on his method OF
1ulcanizing. At lengt', competency and
donors came as rewar,. for his persistent
energy, though the latter part Of his life
was harassed by infringements upon his pat
ent. Large sums OF money was expended by
him in protecting his claims. 1t Is said that
Daniel Webster's fee as retainer in one case
alone was $25, 600.
About the time Goodyear was experiment
ing with rubber and sulphur ono Horace Fl.
Day, of New Brunswick, N. r., became in
terested in the rubber business He erected
small factory nnd began the manufacturing
OF carriage cloths and Shoes His method
was to dissolve the rubber in turpentinc, then
spread 1t over cotton cloth. The shoes were
made from thin sheets of rubber imported
from Para. These were lasted on to sole
leather soles. But in neither instance was
tho venture a success The cloth was too
odoriferous and would stick together, while
the shoes were too soft in summer and hard
as bricks in winter. AS soon as the Goodyear
process became known Mr.. Day began The
manufacturing Of shoes by process so SINH
lar us to involve endless litigation But this
did not prevent him making from 5000 900
to s. 600 900, though he eventually died very
poor.
When H. II, Day was erecting his factory
at New Brunswick, N. j., in 1882 German
nachinist was sent to erect the engine That
Tnchinist was Christopher Meyer, who had
come to this country from Hanover, Ger
many i'll 1884. AS Goodyear can justly be
called the father Of rubber, SO did this ma
chinist become the rubber king. 1t was
while putting this engine into Days factory
that Meyer became Interested in rubber. He
saw tilat the cloth manufactured by Day
would not be popular on account Of its odor.
His energy was bent to tho solving Of this
probiem-how to reduce this offensive odor.
This he succeeded in doing by dissolving the
rubber with t,,rpentine nnl acids and COM
pounding herewith mixture of rosin and
tar. #@& a5@,%@m"1& .p .."a.....
This learned, lie began where Day had
failed. and put in the marEeta cnrriaGe cloth
and shoes superior to any manufactured here
tofore AT first lie followed the then rreva
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
Ex-uNITEo STATES SENATOR.

The Late Edward Henry Rollins. Who
Represented New hampshire. My'
Ex-senator Z. II. Rollins, OF Concord, n
H., who died recently at the AppleGore house,
Isle of Shoals, was born Oh Oct. 8, 1924, at
Rollinsford, \. H.. ut that time II part OF
Somersworth. He never recovered conscious
ness from the severe shock of apoplcxy re-
Gently sustained, and passed away very
quietly. His wife and three sons were pres
ent ut the time Of his death
Edward Henry Rollins received the first
part Of his education in the winter sessions
OF the district school, and later i'll the ;cad-
emy at South Berwick, Me, and tho Frank
lin aoadep,S at Dover, n II. lie left school
when II wears old a,ln became a druggist 5
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16

1t may not be generally known that the
state Of Lord Randolph Churchill's mind can
be easily Eauged by those who sit near him
i'll the house of commons and have watched
his proceedings pretty closely. When he is
uninteresteu lie sits with one leg loosely
crossed over the other, which is turned i'll so
us not to obstruct tho passage of his neigh
bors but Wien he is excited or has n,ude up
his mind to execute one of the extraordinary
coups with which he occasionally startles tho
house of commons, then his whole figure
su1ncs all unnccustomed rigidity, his legs
stifen, and the point Of his foot sticks straight
out, in such way that any ono who wants
to pass must coast round it cautiously, for
there is no hope Of its being lowered. Or
these occasions Lord Randolph, i'll fact, seems
to lose all thought OF everything but the
matter Immediately on his mind, and is per-
fectly regardless of the convenience of every
body. It is this characteristic, carried to ex-
cess in speeches, which has earned him the
reputation Of being one of the rudest men
in the house Of commons. London Modern
Sacinty
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
MfIftItt17'
THE GRAND AVENUE BRIDGE.

THE GRAND AVENUE BRIDGE.
street, with 90 foot roadway and two foot
paths on either side 12 feet in with. The
approaches of the bridge are 200 and al0 feet
respectively, and the three viaducts on each
side aggregate 800 feet in length. The main
span OF the bridge is 100 feet i'll length, with
middle span OF 400 feet in the clear, 1t
feet wider than Eads' great bridge across the
Mississippi and cost total sum Of $4a0, Goo.
Two steel towers, S. feet above the stone
piers, themselves 50 feet in height, support
tho steel eyebars twelve in number, which
take the place Of the cables of suspension
bridges The bridge across the middle span
is 40 feet in height.
This bridge is undoubtedly one of the most
pleasing architectural objects in the city of
St Louis
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16
Little Dicks Report.

Little Dick-Mammn, that new doctor
across the way asked me who was our family
physician.
Mamma-Well, dear, we are never sick,
thank Heaven, and we have not needed one.
The New Doctor next dny)-Well, my
little fellow, did you find out the name of
your family physicianl
Little Dick-We don't have ono, and we
are never sick.-New York Weekly.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1889-08-16

there is not a word T--aIerchap,s Bridge
of truth in this and C-Wnter Works.
in fact he has published an emphatic denial.
That is the way the matter stands ut present.
The new bridge crosses the Mississippi at
the northern limits Of tue city, at point OPP
posite Venice, which is n small town on the
Illinois side of the river At the point where
the bridge is buff, the river at low tide is
1850 feet wide. The bridge has n span of 800
feet, and is fifty feet above the water level,
as required by act Of congress. According to
the plans, the superstructure is supported on
four masonry piers, founded on pneumatic
cussolis resting on limestone or rock. The
two river piers are l2 feet thick and AS feet
long under the coping, and contain l,250
wards Of masonry each the caissons on which
they are founded being 2SX10 feet and | feet
high The two sboro piers are 10 feet thick
and IS feet long under the coping. containing
2,4UO yards of masonry each, and founded on
caissons 2GS'oSl7 feet. The upper portions of
these piers have straight sides with rounded
ends. The lower portions have tho ends
slightly pointed SO us to pass the water with
the least resistance The total length of the
bridge is u little less than a half mile
St Louis has another bridge which has proi'-
ably attracted us much attention as the one t..
scribed. Its III an entirely different part Of the
CITY ana HAS Dtell lbl Il tllltitilb par
pose. Grand avenue is i'll the western part Of
the city and is considered, and probably is,
tho most fashionable thoroughtare Of st.
Louis 1t is tho Fifth avenue Of st. Louis
md it is here that, especially on Sunday, all
tho wealth and fashion Of the city cal hc
seen But Grand avenue is cut in two by the
railroads and the Grand Avenue bridge has
been built over them, thus furnishing an un-
interrupted roadway for fashions march,
The work on the bridge was begun three
years ago and has but recently been finished.
The appearance of tho structure is very
pleasing, combining in its plans massivcncss
with graceful.
In its construction only the very best LA
terial has been used, and it is the equal In
every way to any bridge of its kind in the
United States. The superstructure is of steel,
with iron floor system, the whole resting on
massive rock faced stone piers capped with
Missouri granite The length Of the bridge
proper with its approaches is 600 feet. tits
g feet i'll width, the same as the ordinary