Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-10-04
MARVELLOUS FACTS.
DISPLACEMENT OF HAND LABOR
BY MACHINERY.
Wonderful Results That Have Been
Attained i'll Various Fields OF
Work - Comparisons
With Europe

d
! gctncr.
! The horse power Of steam used in the
United States or railways, steamers and
in factories and mines WAS. in 1888, ~
1O0, 900, against ,6lU, 600 in 1850.
! The United States census OF 1890 will
! probably show population OF about &C.
00o, 600, with AN aggregate energy of
nearly 100, 000 millions of foot tons daily
and an accumulated wealth of 70. 900
Z dollars, figures never before applicable 10
any nation in the world. COMPARING
with population, the earnings in 1880 per
capita averaged 1866 against sos in
1850.
The earnings in the United States in
! thirty years were $40, 500, 900, coo and
! ihc accumulation OF wealth has been S337, =
?I3, DOC. 900, or nearly onc-fourth of the
! earnings, made up Of $40, 100, 0OO, 900 in
farms, IL, 800, 00O, 900 in railways, So
: sou, OUO,O GOO in factories and $50. $40. :
600, 600 in houses, etc. The annual nc.
/ cumulat;on of wealth average 81 .265. :
600, 600, OF about fifty per cent over the
accommodations Of either Great Britain or
France.
The inventive genius of the country
has devised iaDoTsaving machinery Tor
the advancement of agriculture, manu-
iacturcs, commerce and mining, To which
/ very much OF the credit for the countrv's
/ wonderful progress is due. In the race
Tor advancement machinery has displaced
labor to re-cmploy ii in the manufacture
oil labor-Saving machines and new meth
OILS of working. The cust of manufacture
, ol most articles has been diminished and
so!d to CONSUMERS al = diminished pricc.
the laborcr rcapinG Il benefit as Il con-
snncs<. The rate q; wages has been
generally advanced, hut the wayc-aarncr
las not received as Il general rule. the
pro rata advance to correspond to the
{ diminished cost of manufacture
Cotton being taken as the standard
commodity, the ratio of cost per pound
CT common cotton clnth in 1928 and 1850
/ was as GO to 3.3i, and wares for the
same dates being as 2.62 10 I.Sl. Tin.
per capita domestic consumption of col;
ton III 1851 was $50 pounds against
: 1881 POUNDS in 1880. The working
lime has been reduced IL per cent.
| In The manufacture Of agricultural i'm
I plemcnts 600 operatives with machinery,
including eighteen classes OF wage earn
FRS, do the work OF 2l45 wage cnrncrs
without machinery, displacing 1915
workers.
In manufacturing gun stocks one man
by manual labor was able 20 turn and iit
one gun stock i'll one day of ten hours.
while t;,rce men now by II division of
labor and the use of machinery can turn
and tit 125 to $50 gun stocks in ten
hours. This displaccs the work of forty
Jour 10 forty-nne wage workers
In the manufacture of brick, improved
devices save oIc-tcnth of the labor. and
in the manufacturing of fire bricl, forty
! per cent. OF the manual labor is dis
| placed.
In the manufacture of boots and shoes,
!nc work of 800 operatives is now done
by 100, displacement of wage carriers
oI eighty per cent. by aid of machinery.
| In another class OF boots for women's
wear, one worker by manual labor could
make six pairs per week, which has by
aid OF late devices been increased to cigh-
teen pairs per week, displacement of
siNty-siX per cent. OF laborcrs
In Il certain grade Of goods the work
, of l20 wage workers by old methods is
now done by the ail of machinery by
sixty wage workers work, better in fact
and in appearance, displacing fifty per
cent. of wage workers.
Goodyear's sewing machine Tor turned
shoes, with one worker, can sew $50
pairs in day. Ii would require eight
hand-workcrs tc do IL like number, IL dis
placement of ST. per cent. of workers.
Kings heel shaver or trimmer, with one
worker, will turn ont 800 pairs of shoes
per day, where formerly three men were
required.
One worker with McKay's machine
can handle 800 pairs of shoes per dav,
, and without the machine only five pairs.
In mailing on shoe heels ore worker
and boy with machinery can heel 300
pairs Of shoes per day. 1t would re.
quirc five workers 70 do the same by
hand. The introduction of machinery
in the manufacture of chidrcn's shoes
i'll the last thirty years has displaced six
times the manual labor COW required,
and the product of manufacture has been
reduced fifty per cent. 10 the consumer.
On Il grade of goods manufactured in
Maine one man can now by the improved
devices 60 the work OF ten men twenty
years AGO.
In the broom manufacture, with
machinery, half The number OF wage
workers turn out more work than twice
the product.
In the manufacture Of carriages it used
to take one man thirty-tivc days 10 make
carriage. IL is now made by the aid OF
machinery with the work Of one man
in twelve days.
y carpe; measuring and brushing ma
chime with one operator will do tine work
OF fifteen men by the old methods.
In cutting cut clothing and cloth caps
with dies one worker does the work OF
three by old methods.
III the cotton mills in this country the
manual labor has been reduced about 80
percent. Now one weaver manages from
two to ten looms, where one loom Was
formerly tended by oEa worker
In spinning in The cotton mills in this
country on. operative cared for twenty
i've spin...cs that now attends seventy
-WO Sniuuipc-np incr.nc, e I -. VA. me-,