davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12

Seuall Of Thayer academy read . paper on
the duty Of colleses to make provisions for
the training Of teachers for academy schools.
He said few coileses provided . pedAsosic
course and BE- hoped they would form one in
the future A papsr vas discussed BY Prof.
Poland Of Brown University, Prof. G. STAN
ley Hall Of Clark University, President e.
lot Of Harvard. Presidens Dwight Of Yale.
PRECEDENT Seelye Of Smith College. and 9TH
ers. Prof. Rice Of wesleyaa University
made statement in behalf Of the American
Society Of Naturalists. This evening Presi-
dent Dwight read paper on Nv aas . boy
Oh ould know at eighteen"
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Demand for 6mall Notes Indicates
BTtsk Business.

The Treasury Department finds itself con-
siderabiy hampered in its eforss to meet the
present besvy demand for notes of small de-
nominations by reason of the refusal Of the
United States Express Company to transport
the money at less than regular rates. The
company contend that their contract with
the department for the transportation of
government moneys and securities does not
apply to shipments like these to banks and
bankers. The departments instructions to
the assistant treasurer at New York Of Aug.
last have been modified accordingly. The
demand for small notes is greater than ever
before and indicates unusual business ae-
uvity. Ii has been met principally by the
exchange of small silver certificates for notes
Of larger denomination.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12

Bot Montana Dsmocrats Still Claiming
the Legislature.

HKLESA, Mont, Oct. II.
The vote Of Jefferson county was can
vassed yesterday, the result being that the
democrats lose State Senator. This
leaves the upper house Of the legislature .
tie, but the democrats will have q majority
Of seven in joint ballot The canvass Of the
vote In all counties viii not be completed be-
fore tomorrow.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
THE NATIONS SCAPITAL.
Psastias Fellous The KllsAts' Visit 10
N. YeFloa.
They Call on the President In the Al
tsrnooo and He fakss Them by the
Hand


WAsHiSuToSs Ocs- II.
The Grand Master of the Grand Encamp-
nent of Knights rempiar today announced
the appointment of officers; Gen. NJ. Moul-
ton, Illinois, Grand Standard Bearer; Col.
Myroa NJ. Parker, Dis;rie, Of Columbia,
Grand Sword Bearer; Henry NJ. Alton.
Tennessee, Grard Warden; Francis L.
White, Nebraska, Grand Captain of the
Guard. This afternoon the members of the
grsnd encampment visited Mount Vernon ~
guests of the triennial committee. Prayer
Vas offered At the tomb of Washington but
no other exercises were held. The excur-
sionists returned to Washington in time to
attend the grand banquet this evening. given
BY the local committee in their honor. Col.
Myron NJ. Parker presided.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
FROST DAMAGES TOBACCO.
A Halt Million Pounds Destroyed in
One Kentucky County.

FLEMfNGsBuRG, Ky, Oct. IL.
At least SOC, 900 pounds of tobacco in this
county have been entirely destroyed by
frosts during the last three nights The
auditors report gives an average crop of
the county at four M lion pounds. and this
year the crop was little above that figure,
About one half the crop hal been housed
and cured but the rest had been cut late an,!
placed in open sheds and frames in the titlds
and was not sufficiently cured to Withstand
the frosts.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
DOYER'S DIPHTHERIl.
Sixty Cases and Fsars OF an Epidemic
Schools Closed.


Down. N. H., Oct IL.
The .ity government met this evening si
the request Of the State boar5 of health and
voted to close all schools in the city and
ordered that the city marshal and city phys-
clan assist the local board Of health in en-
forcing health rules. There are nov sixty
cases of diphtheria in the city. There has
been since the year came in SIG cases and
6e deaths. Two deaths occurred today.
There are great fears Of 40 epide mic.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
BIDS OF MAINE FIRMS
For Furnishing the Granite to DO Used
in the Massachusetts State House.

BosTpS. Oct. II.
The Massachusetts State Iionse commits
sioners have received the fol wing bids for
granite: Cape A n Granite Csmpany, ssG :
$50; Hsllowell Gsanite Company, SIS. 800 !;
Somes Sound G-a9i;n- si03 794 Dodln Hill
Granite, 500 9ss Mouns Waldo Granite
Company, 80 ,73I; No-crou Bros. Sl07,-
662; J. J. IIorgsn, SOL 'o0; Booth Bros. {
Bodwell Gsa'.ite Company. $50 573; Rock
port Granite cJmpsny, $50 500.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
coRowrR's JURY
Hxouerate the Maine Central B. r. nom
Blame in the Milford Accident

BANGOR. Oct IL.
The eoroner's jury At the inquest over the
body of Jo.eph Cunningham Of Milford. run
over and killed by the cars at Milford. We'd
pesday, returned verdict that he came to biz
death by being run over BY the morning
,,.;, and the Maine Central Railroad and
.mnIayes are exoneratsd from blame.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Bymnal Revision Referred.

1t was finally decided tiiat the committee
was wholly incampeiei 10 revise The bymnal
matter " iioh was referred back to the house.
After re esq the b, M 5 revision was re ferred
to the committee au horized to report to
the nexi general conveElior as to tn cmis-
sion, addition and revision of llym. The
motion permitting he Tentative Us. pi p.ayer
books until the next genera GO : nt!pn was
carried.
Messages from iha house % bishops was
read. declining - a opt the pr posed altefa-
tons in Ia, t. = nm; fA..i' 10 coucur IN
the con ,crai..n II The bishops IRON Cali
fornia an u sstuii 81, acc SAINT of 'hf 'nsuf-
ficiency OF time Tor the considerations Of the
subject; Cot i.surri3g In ihe aref ,lmeni
touching tn Gle ZION OF hish0p within
three months OF III me- ing Of ne gene raj
convention. At hse o'cipcs the house ad-
iou.n.d until 10 sDorrow mGrIing
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12

ANTHONY, hhhbaS. Oct- IL
The newly elected members and board Of
directors Of the Fssmers' and Loan Co. Of
Kansas met today and elected ohicers for the
ensuing year Benjsnin Diekerman Of Boz
ton, president; Lewis 8. Gould Of Boston.
secretary; J. Aldarraugh Of Anthony, Kan
sss. treasurer. The company practically DE-
eided 70 continue in bssisess- The tseasss-
eP's report for The past yess shovs - In
crease in noss receipss Of 10000 over The
year before.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
D1sAsrRoUs FREIGHT WRECK
Thirteen c ars. Contents and Three Eu-
einsa Demolished.

MANSFIELD, o., Oct IL.
The Baltimore and Ohio had a disastrous
freight wreck this afternoon. The second
sections Of Nos. 20 and 81 eoIiided at Fred
ericktown and the third section Of No 20
ran into the rear end of the wreck. Thir-
teen cars and contents aud three engines
were demolished. Loss about e15 900.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12

Afforded by the Arrest Of Three New
Suspects for Supposed Connection
with the Cronin Murder.


CHICAS0, Oct- IT.
Three new suspects we're arrested by The
police this afternoon for alleged eomplicity
10 the murder Of DIR. Csonin. The greatest
nv s.ery prevails around the criminal couFs
building where the men sre confined. Meth.
er the States attorney, his assistants nor the
police will Say anything about the mes in
custody.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Guilty Of Five Charges OF Murder soA
Outrage.

CoNsTANrINoPLE, Dot. IL.
The commission appointed to inquire Into
the report of Turkish atrocities on chrislisns
in Macedonia, found Moussa hey guilty Of
Ave charges Of murder and outrage and sem
fenced him to death.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
rIsHERMEN SUFFERING.
Dsspatoh From Point EsQuimaux oays
the Catch Was Complete Failure.

Quxnsc. Oct. II.
A despatch from Point Esquimaux through
the signal service says all the fishing schooa-
er" that have arrived there report the catch
complete failure. Every indication points to
misery and privAtion for the inhabitants dur
ing the coming winter.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Paying Re,psots to the Preside ent .

The White House is again thronged with
visitors to day, the ajor:ty being Knights
Templar and families. About three hun
dred of them were in the east room during
the forenoon and paid their respects to the
Pre- ident, who shook hahds with all of them.
The regular ca binet meeting was held this
afternoon.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Proclamation Against the League.

DupLis, Oct. II.
The government has issued proclaim ition
against the National League In Tipperssy
and three s'joining parishes, including the
parish 10 which the Smith barry estate 10
situated. Another proclamation imposes
various restrictions upon the importation II
arms and ammunition into ireland.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Boats FOUND
But their occupants are Thought to Be
Lost

TIvERTox, Ont.. Oct. IL.
Early Saturday morning last, Dan Me-
Leod, his wife, sou ard two hired men, ali
Of fveYtorn. left there With t~o fishing
bosts for Golden Valley. II is feared that
all we're lost. Both boats we're found badly
iamaged o. shore.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Funeral Of C. F. Wood at Rockland
Special to the kennebec Journal.

Special to The kennebec Journal.
RocKLANp, Oct. IL.
The funeral Of Charles Y. Wood was held
this afternoon. About one hundred persons
attended. The deceased was a member Of
Amora Lodge of Masons. King Sslomon's
Chapter X. A. NJ and 4 Twin Libby Post,
G. Ar; also a director of the North
National Bank. The flowers were beautiful
and in large quantities. Mr.. Wood leaves 4
large amount of money.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
CABLE FLA6HES.
Fresh Bits OF News from tho Old World

Disastrous foods prevail in the depart
ment Of the Jura, France.
The Tar arrived at Berlin Friday morn
ing. Emperor William, Prince Bismark
and a number Of court officials received the
Tsar He and Emperor William embraced
repeatedly.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
30, Wan Cabinet Resigns.

Pssrm, Oct. II.
1t Is rumoved here that the Servisn Cabl-
net has resigned owing TO . dissension
among Its members IN regard to the attituds
Of the government toward ex-tlueen Natalie.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12

For the past four years have had . csnkef
sore on my tongue which has baffied the skill
Of four Of oar leading physicians. II has
been source Of much anxiety and consider
able expense and offered S25 TO have /,
cured Some four months ago when using
Browns Instant Relief prepared in mo-
Iss.es for sore throat found IL not only cured
my sore throat but had benefited my tongue.
continued It's use for swhile, when all sore
ness disappeared and my tongue was veil.
consider Browns Instant Relief TO be the
best family medicine 10 use and would hearsi-
iy recommend IL 10 all. J. y. MAaTJs
NoRwAr, Mr.. Dec. 20, 81.
Toes aonsy refunded n it Fails 10 benent yos
when us~d stristIy - directed On lsids Wrapper
you take rsk In trying II.
lIr60Id By all deAlers d~cSd4mtopcoiip
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
IL
10 the Marvellous Record Made By
Three Year Old Axtell.


TERRE HAurE, Ind, Oct. IL.
The .hree-year-old trotting record, 2. l34,
held by the California filiy Sunol, was beaten
here to-day by Axtell, who made q mile in
2I2. The quarters were made in 33, l.054,
313. 2.l2.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
MORRISON sEN rDNCDD.
Ho Gs's E'shtsen Yssrs For KILLING
Malahal Watrou.


SnERnRooKE, Quebec. Oct ~.
Donald Morrison who was convicted Of
msnslaughier in killing United States Mar
shall Warren of Maine near the Canadian
line in the summer Of 1888, was to-day sen-
tensed to IL years in the penitentiary.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12

II. s. Frank, Minot, Bonny Dean, 4
S. II. Lovejoy, Auburn, Jerry l., 3
/ Waterman. Mechanic Falls, Mar
shall Redwoo1, 2
J. Robinson, Oxford, Jefferson o., l l
L. Perkins Mechanic Falls, Billy, 5
Z. c. Everett Hebron, Baby Boy, 6
Time, 10, $40. =
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
Pensions Granted Maine People

Pensions have been granted to the follow
ing citizens OF Maine:
Original-Eiward +. Cobb, Robert T..
Wardwell. Warren Seward, Lorenzo ID.
Corbeu,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
MAINE BONIPACE6
Meet at Lewiston-A Benefit Associa-
tion Talked o.

n, L. 7 7.
The Maine hotel proprietors met in Lewis
ton today. Ten landlords were accepted rs
members and resolutions in favor of council
ing benefit association were passed.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
VOTING ON Hymns
And Other Church Questions Treated
at the Episcopal Convention.

New YORK, Oct. II.
The Episcopalian convention today re-
solved that it wa inexpedient to to make any
change on the basis of deputation in the
house of deputies or in the manner of voting.
The resolution regarding the setting forth of
the Episcopal service in other than the
Engligh tongue, provided that such conform
with the doctrines of the book of common
prayer was agreed to. The trustees of the
general theological seminary were appointed.
The resolutions that all changes since 1880
be hereby repealed were lost. The resolu-
ton that the house recognize no title in the
church except Fight reverend for bishops,
and reverend for clergy. was placed upon the
calendar. The house went into committee
Of the whole on revision of the hymnal.
Copies of the hymnal with the proposed
amendments and expurRations were circulst-
ed throughout the house, each hymn read and
voted on. Nearly 700 hundred hymns were
TO be voted upon In the first half hour on
y 5 were disposed of. A large number of
deputies protested strongly agair st the mu,il-
alton of verses ,hev hal nosn from child
hood. A warm debate occurred on the even
ing hymn numbered 337- he committee
desired to strike ont starzvs /, 4, ) and as
sentimental mer s ari Dot strictly scriptor-
al. The motto TO lay th committees mo-
tiOD on the table vas ctFrit l.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1889-10-12
MARKET REPoRr.


NEW YogE, Oct II
Monsy call light, ransin fscn 81 10 10.
Prime payer a 6 tos
Excbsnxe, dull and steady.
Government bonds. dali md steady
RAiiYoAd bonds, quiet, ssAraily heavy.
The following the closing 2s0;ssions OF ~
rurftiaks
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1889-03-29
Epoch.

The transition snom long, lingering and
sickness to robust aealth marks an epocl
life of the individual. Such remarkabl
is treasured in the memory and the
whereby the good health has been att
gratefully blessed. Hence it is that so
heard in praise Of Electric Bitters. SO
thew owe their restoration to health, to
of the Great Alternative and Tonic. Ii
troubled with any disease of Kidneys, u
Stomach, of long or short standing you ",
ly find relief by use of Electric Bltters.
SOC. and 81 per bottle at Hughes 4
drugstore
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1889-03-29
Their Business Booming

Probably no one thing has caused 8,
eral revival of trade at Hughes & 4
Drug store as their giving away to the
ers of so many free trial bottles OF u
New Discovery for Consumption. Thei'
simply enormous in this very valuable
from the fact that it always cures and ne1
appoints. Coughs, Colds, Asthma, Bros
Group, and all throat and lung diseases
cured, You can test it before buying by
a trial bottle free, large size 81. Every
warranted. Y
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1889-03-29
R,ck,en,s Arnica Salve,

BUCKETS ArnICd odIVe.
The best salve in the world for Cuts,
Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum, Fever Sores,
Chapped Hands, Chilblain, Corns, and al
Eruptions, and positively cures Piles or
required. 1t is guaranteed to give perfec(
faction, or money refunded. Price % ce1
box. For sale by Hughes & Robinsonj
lists jan
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1889-03-29
Fish, Oysters and vegeta'

VIII. WILLGoss announces to the publ
he has opened in the Hurley Building, tw|
above the POstoffice, q GREEN GROCERS
where will be found the freshest 1
FISH, OYSTERS and VEGETAE
His transportation arrang ements havt
made to assure his patrons of the very earl
livery of Fish and oysters, after taken ou1
water. and his Negeta bles will be fresh fri
gardens. Housekeepers are invited to cd
make PERMANENT ARRANGEMENTSf for th3
plies, which will be given on the most fa1
terms, and by FREE DELIVERY at their dti
Nyr NV Early Rose Potatoes from Bos|
already in. Samples of these potatoes thai
sold around StauntOn have yielded Seven3
Pounds for One and Half.
febS 3nl w. ii. WILLY
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-08-02
CONSUMPTION of Coffee.

Coffee is more generally consumed in
Brazil than in any other part of the world.
The coffee fields of Brazil cover 2,OOO,-
600 acres, with 500, 900, 900 trees, each
tree averaging about one pound per an
mum. The industry there employs $780,
900 hands. The consumption of coffee in
Brazil averages yearly fourteen pounds
per inhabitants; in Belgium and Holland
eleven pounds; in the United States,
seven pounds; in Germany, five pounds,
and in England very little more than
half pound. Britons drink five times
as much tea as coffee; while Americans
drink eight times as much coffee as tea.
Down to 1890 the only source Of coffee
supply was Arabia, but the berry is now
cultivated throughout most regions of
the tropical world. Java and Ceylon are
the principal centres of production after
Brazil, and the total output of the world
has been estimated to amount to not less
than 1000, 900, 900 pounds.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-08-02

Tho dust avalanche dcsccnds when
snow is loose and has recently fallen. II
is attended with whirwind, which lift
the snow from whole mountain side and
drives it onward through the mir 1t nd
every obstacle, moving forests down lik'
sedgc, lcaping (ns nm old peasant once OK,
pressed ii in my hcaring) from hill to hill,
burying men, beasts, and dwellings, nnt
settling down Mt last into II formidable,
compact mass without color and without
outline. The snow which forms thesI
Staub-Lnwincn is dry and finely pow
dcred. When it comes to rest upon the
earth it Immediately hnrdcns into some
thing very like the consistency Of ice,
wrapping the objects which have been
borne onward by its blast tightly round
in firm, implacabc clnsp. A man o,
horse seized by StaubLnwinc, if the
breath has not been blown out of hi
body in the air, has il squeezed out by tn,
even, clinging pressure of consolidating
particles. a human victim of the dread
full thing, who was so lucky us to- be
snvcd from its clutch, once described tc
me the sensations he experienced He
was caught nj the edge Of the avalanche,
just when it was settling down to rest
carried of his feet, and rendered help
less by the swathing snow, which tied
his legs, pinned his arms to his ribs, and
crawlcd upward to his throat There il
stopped. His head emerged, and he could
breathe; but rs the mass set he felt the
impossibility Of expanding his lungs, and
knew that he must die of sulfocati0n. Al
the point of losing consciousness he be-
came aware Of comrades running to hi,
rescue. They hacked the snow away
around his thorax, and then rushed OH tc
dig for another man who had been buried
in the same disaster, leaving him able Ia
breathe, but wholly powcrlcss to stiI
hand or foot. This narrative reminded
me of an anccdotc told by Hayden, tn,
painter, who nearly sacrificed ncgroi
life by attempting to take an entire cast
of the mans body at one moment from
the feet to the chin. When the plnstei
of paris began to set the negro could moi
breathe, and he was only saved from MS.
phyxiation by Haydon's tearing down the
mold of brick in which he had been
placed. CoynhM Magasinc.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-08-02
IF HAD THE TINE.

Ii mad the time to find place
And sit me down full lace to face
With my better self, that stands TO show
In my daily life that r,ishes so;
1t might be then 1 would sec my soul
Was stumbling still toward the shining goal
might be nerved by the thought sublime,
Ii had the timci
Ii had tho time to let my heart
Speak out and take in my life u part,
To look about and stretch hand
To comradc quartered on no-lucl land;
ALI, God If might but just sit still
And hear the note of the whip-poor-wi
think that my wish with God would rhyme
Ii had the tiniei
If had the time to learn from you
How much for comfort my word could do;
And l told you then OF my sudden will
To kiss your feet when did you ill
Ii tho tears aback OF the bravado
Could force their way and let you know
Brothers, the souls of us all would chime,
IL wo had the time
Washington Post.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-08-02
A PRINCES OF FINANCE.

! recently had the pleasure of chat
with Miss Alice Cornwcll (also known as
Princess Midas, the successful Australian
lady who has made quite name as a
business woman, says writer in London
Truth. She has brought back three
schemes in her pocket which she is about
to place before the British public.
The first is the construction of harbor
at Port Adelaide, for which she has OBJ
tanned concession of mile of the fore
shore and which would greatly facilitate
the unloading of vessels which have now
to make q detour of nine miles by the
river. About So, 500, 900 will be required
Tor this scheme, which, however favora-
bio for the shipping and the colony, will,
[ suppose, interfere with certain vested
interests, such as those of the South Aus.
tralian Land Company.
The lady's second project is that for
floating a company to take over the
Wyong estate, not far from Sidney, which
contains valuable coal mines, timber and
agricultural land to the tune of some IT..
900 acres. For this purpose about half q
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-08-02
A STORY ABOUT nALrrMonE cInLs.

One of the latest fads OF Baltimore
girls is to dress in black from head to
foot, with veil and gloves to match, and
then, borrowing neighbours child, show
it around the city. OF course, tho
natural supposition is that the child is
not borrowed, and that the lady is II
a widow. AS widow is generally sup
posed to be ready TO rccontract mntri-
mony, the sympathics of the susceptible
young man are readily aroused, first by
curiosity as to how long the child's
father has been dead; then, what he died
of, and, since the widow seems to mourn
for him, how she must have cared for the
dear departed. And, il she did care for
him, why might she not care also for
another, and why might not he be the
fortunate individual, especially if the
first husband left cash enough for the sup
port of two or three, as the case might
be. OF course, when acquaintance fol-
lows, the apparent widowhood can he
easily and innoccntly explained, and the
desired happy result follow.--Baltimorc
american.