Savannah courier. (Savannah, Tenn.) 1885-1979, 1889-12-19
SOUTHERN AGRICULTURAL.
The Cow Pea and sheep.

The Cow Pea and sheep.
Writing from Arkansas correspond
ent asks: Glow would it do to put
sheep and grow COW peas on rundown
land? Would the peas be valuable food
for the sheep and would they help en-
rich the iand?" OF course it is well I'M
derstool, we would say in reply, that
sheep are good to restore worn out land,
The pea would be good food for sheep,
and according to report of the Georgia
crop TO grow upon such land for fertiliz-
ing purposes. In the cotton States
there is a great deal OF rundown lani;
and the report referred to says
that the substances lacking in
such soils, are available nitro
gen, phosphoric acid, and to
some extent, potash. Abundant ex-
perience has shown that when they are
applied judiciously to such land, they
yield good crops. To supply these from
outside sources, that is in the shape of
chemical fertilizers and manures, is too
expensive and beyond the reach of most
farmers; they have tried the feeding of
their crops from these sources to mod
crate extent, but they are unable to en-
rich their lands from them. The plan
of feeding crops on worn-out land is I'M
certain in its results, and in the main
has proved disastrous. 1t pays to linn
tied extent on good but not on poor
land. Therefore, how to make old, worn
land good; that is how to restore Its
original physical condition (friability),
and how to accumulate in it full sup
ply of available plant food, at least ex-
pense and in shortest time, is prob
lem of the first magnitude and impor-
lance.
If the soil of these worn lands, to
depth of two or three feet is analysed
it is found that almost without excep-
ton, large quantities of phosphoric acid
and potash, and fair, though not so
large, quantities of nitrogen, are pres
ent in them; but to a greater or less ex-
tent these are in unavailable forms. Is
it practicable to get these substances
from the deeper soil, bring them into
available condition and concentrate
them near the surface, where the roots
of ordinary cultivated crops can reach
them? When lands are left uncul tivated
and trees are allowed to grow upon
them, their deep roots slowly gather up
these materials, and transmit them in
large part to the leaves, and these drop
ping to the ground give such materials to
the surface soil in available forms, and
thus slow concentration of the scarcer
forms of plant food in the surface soil.
goes on. Are there any plants that will
do the same thing as the old field pine
and othor common trees do in this re-
spect but do itmore rapidly? Experience
has shown that certain legrminous
plants like clover and the COW pea, will
do it both rapidly and effectively. They
are adapted to this work, not only from
being deep rooted, but because they
have special and characteristic power
of gathering and accommodating nitro
gen. This is shown by the fact that a
soil will contain more nitrogen after a
crop of clover has been taken from it,
than before the clover grew upon it,
though the clover crop taken from the
land carried away with it an UNI
usually large amount of nitrogen.
The pea has not been studied as
much as clover but all the facts known
point in the same direction, and indicate
that its action is similar tothat of clover.
At the Storrs School Experiment Station
in Connecticut, during the past year, OBJ
servations were made upon the stubble
and roots of cow peas to depth of forty
two inches The crop of green forage,
taken from same acre from which the
roots were gathered, was 1870 pounds.
Tho following table gives total amount
of stubble and roots; also amount of roots
for successive depths. The soil 70 a
depth of seven inches was light loan
-subsoil yellow and compact becoming
at depth of thirty inches loose and
gravelly in texture:
Per acre.
Stubble and first six inches of roots. 9l2,3 bs
Stubble and second six inches OF
roots, 6 to II inches deep........... A.9 bs
Stubblc and third six inches ofroots,
II to Is inches deep. ................ $40 bs
StCbblc and fourth six inches of
roots, Is to "a inches decp.......... 3.3 bs
Stubble and fifth six inches of roots,
"A to 80 inches deep. .........,....... go Ii:
Stubblc and sixth six inches of roots,
80 TO IS inchcs deep. 500 bi
Stuhblc and seventh six inches OF
roots, Sc to A. ilchcs dcep.,........ 4O1 h.
Stubblc and roots to depth OF AZ
inches. ..........,...,,..,. l,lUto ID
\ n 4. H. 1.
bic and roots from first six inches o
depth largely preponderate, nearly one
fourth as much more roots are found be-
low that depth-and if allowance be
made for tho stubble proper found tx
be nearly half the weight of stubbl'
and root in first six inches), as distinc
from the roots-the ratio of roots from
the lower depths would be very muci
larger. IN the same report the amount
OF nitrogen. phosphoric acid and potash
in the stubhic and roots of the pea o,
an acre, to a depth of three and hal
feet, were stated to be respectively IA.
pounds, 2.S pounds and GA pounds. Thi
does not include still larger amounts o
these substances contained in stem ant
leaves.
General experience corroborates tn
above testimony as to the value of tn
COW pea as renovating or enrichin
crop. Not only this, its peculiar fol
aging powers enables it to grow on Ian
so poor that most other crops would pei
ish on them. Superadded to these valr
, able traits is its entire adaptability
Southern climate. Its nitrogen gather
ing power, its deep-rooting and there
fore extended foraging power, its abilit
to grow on poor exhausted soils, and il
adaptation to hot, dry climates, indicat
it as the basal crop with which to begi
the restoration of fertility to exhauste
, lands.-Western Rural.
Must Have Good Butter.
, The public is becoming more an
I more exacting as to the quality of bu
, ter. The customers palate has bee