davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1889-10-28

Srob 'tbrer burdaus friebli6en &lusii6z
ten neDnten Die Beretntgten Staaten
0O6 AUDI Elm tpenig al Der @u ~ # e.
| II II q oeS neuen &rtegS M E eng I6eil.
SDre . Dndmt tt anone 4. y. erre9t
Die Nufmertlamfcit aler WlilitGrltaateu.
Wtlt rau6l 10 { NJ Bulper Last iebt
au6 oas &riegSOepartement in Malbington
allerlet Serllt0e anltelIen. llno ipte Der
!I~rte8Smlniiter Broctor, Der ais GROCER
Tormcr freilt6 felt Sa6ren me6r nit &rautz
f0pfen, alS nit Tanonentugeln Su thun
bate, Derfilnotgt, fallen 0ieie Beriu9e iebr
befrieoigenO. aus. Sci Der 00i una Der
jebt alle WlilitGrmd0te Der g8elt in Qlufrez
guug oeriebenoen 6raBe, pclbcS @ei6iibs
material fur oaS raudlole Yuloer bas palz
ieuolte lei, miro Dermutbli6 audi Der alnez
rtfanti6e Grftnoun9sgeiit ein @ort mitSltz
iprc6en boben.
Qlm aQern0t6i9iten bat oieieS 2dn6 iebo6
bOrerlt cine 8erbelierun9 leineS eigencn
fleinen S0lbnerbeeres. Inter ben 0orz
l6ldgelt, Die IN Dteler Gi1tung auttau6el,
lit tebt audi elmer Oom 20 q OIL Bopell.
Der mill nGnli1 Die 10 iebr sur Sa6nenz
flu6t genetgten S0lOner 0eS Itebenben Sees
res, tpel6e groBentbeilS inter ycatilinaris
19en grtitenSen" aus neribte0enen QGllOern
angeiporben werben, bur1 ben &riegSoienit
Der alerG6telten @inaeborenen eriebt miis
fen, Der Hotb9Gute.
Der Wtaior gebt bon Der 8orauSiebung
aus, oaB Der S II D a aud ipenn man
i'm ciuiliitrt, tn1 2W9emeinen Elm l6lecbter
8auer ptro, baB er aber ein 9eborener
Solbat lit uno baber ais iOl0er fir baS
Qano bertpenbet tperoen iolte. Wenn's ouf
ben Waaior anfGme, niiroen am @nbe Die
10000 bis $4,000 Wtonn beS ltebenoen
5eeres, NIT lnsna6me Der Olfi3iere
un0 Dtellei6t oer lnterofftSiere,
nod aus Snoianern 6eiteben.
90 Diele t6nnte man CUR gtotb Suialnmenz
bringelt. uno Gope4 meint, Die Ser.
Staaten bGtten 6a3u Elm ebenio gutes 9tebt,
tpie Die 9tuIien au tbren &oiafet, Die @ngz
Idnoer gu ibren inbtiben nnO Die Sranspicn
3u ibren afrifanti6en 4rltppen, uno Elm
iol6es Snoionerbeer tpelDe It9 1i6t nllr
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1889-10-28
Stcr 1t,to sstcri,t.

Ote neuli6 al porIiegenber SteIe 9ez
madten 8emerfungen Iber 6opfeu unO
WlalS (@ott erbalt's), iiber Bier ur1o
8icrin, 9teis> unb Wtats : @ebrGu
baben man6en 8ierperferti9ern biel
GeroruB bereitet. Sic iiiblen ii6 ba@
bur6 bitter getrGnft. Die @tnen, tpeil
Illinois Staats-zeitung., 1889-10-28
Sdgli6e urD w6dentItte-
vSWtttois St0atssettan0"
mo
uSer @etett+"

10 80 It c
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

The large mill recently burned at
Kent is being replaced.
Z. NJ. Pomerov has bought the
Pomeroy, Wash, East Washingfoniaa
of w. L. Lister.
The largest ledge of graphite in the
world is reported found in the Carlton
pass, Lewis county.
George Romme, of Colvllle Spring.
had three ribs broken last week by
one of the wheels Of his team. which
tipped over on a hill.
L. o. Robbins, of Olympia. was
dangerously injured on the head and
shoulder by tree blown down by the
wind storm last Monday.
Christian Rousch, lame man STAY
ing at the Vancouver house at Provi-
depce, was accidentally shot in the
right eye by his brother John,
while out cunning last Sunday. The
eye had to be cut out.
n. l.. Ackles' house at Wild Horse
creek, Umatilla county, was destroyed
by fire last Sunday. All the contents
we're lost A labOrer was dangerously
injured by a falling timber while try
ing TO save sewing machine.
Alexander Cameron. who died last
Tuesday ct the infirmary in Port
Townsend. was the last of the crew of
the ship Beagle, which sailed from
England in 1881 TO maze explorations
along the coast OF South America.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15
Am.rsc.. Progress illustrated.

Today, says . Baltimore. Md, spe-
cial Of September 2, worknen were
engaged in removing the log struc-
ture that served as Baltimore's first
postoffice from the spot on which it
has stood l59 years, TO Monument
square, where it will be built up along
side the great granite building
ouccupying a whole block, which next
week will be dedicated as the new
postoffice. The quaint old structure
Is 14xl5 feet and IL feet high to the
dormer roof. The openings between
the logs were plastered up with oyster
shells and mud. A squad of police
men prevented relic-hunters from
carrying OFF logs and other parts Of
the old building. After the exposition
the hut will be removed to Druid Hill
park. The last person who occupied
1t was an old negro washerwoman.
President and Mrs. Harrison will
review the historical and industrial
parade next Monday, the opening day
of the celebration. The president will
not be present ct the ceremonies of
dedicating the new postofiice on Sep
tember IL, but the p0stmaster-general
and other postal officials will witness
the celebration. The secretary of the
navy has ordered the cruisers Atlanta
and Boston, the gunboat Ossipee and
three other war vessels to this port to
take part in the naval bombardment
of Fort McHenry on the night of Sep
tember IL. Four thousand state
troops of Pennsylvania, Delaware,
Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia
will take part in the sham battle on
September r.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15
Thoroughly Alarmed .


The English manufacturer Is thor
ouehly alarmed at the prospect of
revision of the tariff in the interest of
home industry ami American labor.
The admirable decision of the treas
my ,tepartment classifying wooieus
and worstesis in the same category
has served notice on the Bradford
manufacturers that We propose 10
stimulate our own worsted industry.
should this decision take the perma-
nent form Of law il viii transfer q
large portion Of the worsted business
froal the other side of the the At
lantic.
The next most dreaded step would
b,, 10 advance the duty on tin plate 20
a point where We could make IL IN
this country. Such an advance would
ultimately mean the expenditure OF
several million 4 allars in wages 10
American work mer- recent num-
her OF the London EFs'aEse"qe1. IN re
fevring TO our efforts e. increase the
dutS on tin plate, SAYS
should this scheme saeSTSa uteh tncfe
IL no doubt that asTest deal ~ American
rapllal gill promptly &c Embarked IN ts's
business ami ss~agssr az lAfeF the Il fsss'.
,r.a., viii cease - be the monopoly al
soath Wales aud AonmcaiashirS-
And thai is exactly what congress
should insist ou doing The msaa's'-
tur.r ot tit-rlst- il to-day torcl n
trust. and congress can break II az
and ultimately cheaper un-psste To
the consumer. Continuing. the irvs-
sse@sser says:
welsh manufacturers have the Adsan,
saes OF sAspnent. trsinsd Ascs. s1s IA
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15
The Extinct 6alo.
Chicago Tribune


A sign on State street reads: High
est price paid for buffalo robes"
What is the occasion for this? ?"
was asked OF the proprietor.
Il suppose you have read long be-
fore this that our buffalo are becom-
ing extinct. l have an order from an
En- glish house to-day to buy all the
buffalo robes | can find. The funny
thing about il Is that can't find any
To speak of. Ten years ago l could
hav, gone out anywhere and bought
up hundred in less time than IL takes
TO tell IL. Ihsve had two men knock
ING about for over . week hunting for
buffalo robes or buffalo coats. One of
nv men says he has not been able 10
lind any at all, and the other reports
that he found q few. but the owners
refuse to dispose OF them At any price.
Hunting for buffalo robes will soon be
like hunting for diamonds"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15
TALKS ON THE TARIFF.
The Principle on which Raw Mater.
Inls Are Dutiablo Defined.

The Industrial World and Iron Worker
thus defines the principle on which
articles that are raw materials with
reference to one industry, while they
are the finished products OF another.
should be subject to duty il the indus
try Of which they are the product has
a domestic existence: 1.-THE only raw
materials, In the absolute sense. are
those furnished gratuitously by ma
ture. In the strained or Legitimate
sense, cloth, although the finished
product of its manufacturer. is the saw
material of the tailor. BY the same
rule steel rails become the raw mater
ial OF the railroad company. carpets
the raw material Of the housekeeper
and books the raw material Of the
pedagogue. IL the pig iron maker can
properly and Justly demand the free
admission of foreign iron ore because
il is his raw material, then IL is quite
as Just and proper and logical for
the bar iron maker TO demand the
free admission of pig iron because
II is his raw material, and for the
crucible steel maker to demand the
free admission OF bar iron because II
is his raw material, and for the cut
lery- maker 10 demand the free admis-
sion OF crucible steel because II Is his
raw material. and 50 on until the Tree
list becomes the rule and a Quilted
a, ticle the exception. The coroliary
from the premises laid down ey the
advocates OF free raw materials thus
appears to be the substitution OF Tree
trade for protection.
The general principle which per
vades the various schedules OF duties
i'm the United States tariff Is that the
higher the grade of manufacture the
higher the csst Of entry. because every
advance from q lower TO a higher
form of product involves an increased
amount OF human labor. For this
reason pig iron IL Quilted higher than
iron ore. tool steel higher than bar
iron. and wire rope higher than tool
steel, according as each rises in the
scale of reproduction. This principle
applies equally tn other metals In their
various forms, 10 woolen>, TO coitons,
to pottery, To silks. to leather goods
and 10 many other classes of articles
The doctrine of so-ealled raw ma
teriais. carried 10 its logical results,
would nullify this general principle OF
our tariff. and lead to the most ao.
surd and baneful conclusions and
practiCes
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

1hs widow vas asufsssd b. ~ ppupaa.
Day amer day they aseSmhiod, ~
some Of them remsined al nieht until
4 Vas put IN lighting order, even cut
ting down the trees Al the family
have LEFT the castie except the widow !
only son. Who remains 90 defend il.
and Who vii have plenty q help.
According to the London Eckc. the
uisios OF The great scientist Charles
Darsin. is . charming Old laAy.
deeply interests. in scientific subject.
and very naturally proud of her lste
husbands fame. she nov 0ivides hev
time between Down House. the Quiet
Kent home, where the great sc1enti~f
passed his DAYS. and Cambridge. The
library af Down House il rrlisiously
kept. Is far as possible. in the aane
state - il vas ia when the author Of
The -Descont Of Nan" studied and
wrote there.
Eisctroplating Of eisss and ponce
lain has been accomplished 81 n.
Hanson. Of France. The chief din
Guilty heretofore has been TO obtain :
conducting surface 20 which the metal
would adhere. The patrntee uses
chloride OF gold and platinum dis
solved IN sulphuric ether. TO which
sulphur dissolved in some heavy oil is
added. When warm the COMPOUND
il laid on with q brush. The ob;oet il
then heated until the suIphur and
chlorine are completely volafised. the
gold or platinum adhering closely TO
the surface.
the causes which lost the French the
kAftfa 81 ~e> -
ter OF . young midshipman on the
which carried Napoleon from England
to captivity at ST. Helena. has just
been published. He says that he
heard the ex emperor say 10 Sir George
Bingham. while in transit, that be
lost Waterloo because in the hurry of
organizing his army during the Hun
dred Days be was compelled TO place
the uniform Of the Old Guard upon
his new levies. These inexperienced
troops fell victims to their own impet-
uosity in the battle, and when they
started TO retreat the other troops.
installing them for the veterans Of the
Guard. imagined that all was lost and
stampeded accordingly.
William Crawford, p years old. Who
died recently in Chicago, Was pecu-
liariy a61icted. He had only one skin. |
which il 70 say that he had NO outer
skin at ell. The veins stood out all
over his body in the plainest manner
possible. From the time he was s
years Of age young Crawford has been
subject to bleeding spells which were
liable to break out At any time and in
any part of his body. He lost vast
quantities Of blood in this way, and
was afraid TO take any sort OF exer-
else for fear of starting the Needing
afresh. For two weeks the young
man had been confined to his bed be-
ing too weak TO sit up, and blocking
at the nose having set in, he soon
passed away. Physicians were sent
for from various cities in the East,
but they could do nothing for him.
A new skin could not be grated ON.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15
sur,,c., Op.r.sion ON . Nose.

New Works fashionable world is
gossiping over q remarkable surgicai
operation which has changed the de-
cidedly up-tilted nose OF an sristo-
cratic Young woman into an organ Of
pure Greciau design. The surgeon :
hin amounted Ia $500. The opera
ton was long and tedious. involving
much suffering. But the patient Is
satisfied and happy-for the present
Those who knew her before the change
maintain that the new nose does not
suit the general conformation OF her
face. Others meeting her nov for the
first time notice . lack OF harmony
somewhere, but can not tell what
causes il. Another sensitive creature
.ho had her teeth Strengthened At
s-sst exnense. is tortured bv the hor-
rihlr fear that people will say they are
81
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15


1.-THE skeleton market at present,
said Q dealer in those grewsome COM
modities, lis very dragging. You can
get a first-class article now for $35,
whereas the price three years ago was
SIS and $40. All the skeletons We get
now are imported. There is no duty
on them, and American makers found
that they could not compete. Just
outside Of Paris Is . colony which does
nothing else but articulate skeletons,
and they supply the world. Men,
women and children are employed in
the business at their homes. No, I
wouldn't think il would be pleasant
place to visit, unle one enjoyed the
odors of a desiccaiing factory. The
bones have to be boiled. There is a
skull there in that glass case for
which we have refused 500. Every
tooth Is in its place, and the smallest
suture shows perfectly"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

Dosefsak - - ~ The sre vprv H.
$500 RaeneA bus. II addition, tie welsh
ne3ess have strung allIea il - Uuffe6
saees. and u The alliances 3 go - -
re shoah hare very consIderabIe
o1uots o. ne succes& of any apphen81on %
Buf 70 insure thai resut TIE Wrish Isr~,~
M tnen business connecSiOns Wuos noe
GUY w1rh bat uork and WORK hard 10
cnsskm sse the advance Of the Aner1can
STonK allies in the Tinted States.
~ WI do well to remember this re-
mark when the tin-plste question
comes up next winter. IL may be
more dimcuit 70 checkmase the mira
pfotectaonists than you trust for, zen
tieznen. Don't be too sure.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

ity place and Ninth stseek There
the party viii remain until tomOrroU
morning, when they WI sail for
France on the French sseamer Bre-
tagne.
General Legftime said that he couid
not tell anything about his future
movements. He would settle for The
present In or near Paris, bat beyond
that he had no plans Every member
OF the party Was poorly clad, even TO
Nine. Legitime and her children.
Most OF them had neither Jewels NOR
watches, and IL was evident from the
small parcels Of baggage thai their
Possessions 4eve fe~
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

one of the keenest things ever said
ON the bench is attributed "a Judge
Wsltos. o. Georgia. While holding
a term of the superior court at Az
vusts. he sentenced man 10 seven
wears in prison for a grave crime.
The prisoners counsel asked for .
MITIGATION of the sentence on the
rrnund that the mans health was
very ,s,or. Your honor, said he,
II am satisfied that my client can not
live out half that term. aud ! beg You
70 change the sentence. Wen, IN
der tho>e circumstances. said the
Judge II will change the sentence.
will make il for life. instead OF seven
wears"
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

Gays the Town Talk" man Of the
Brooklyn en- " &aadard- Unsos !.
Cases Of deep waIking do NOS seem 70
ne q frequent - formerly. and for
TINS reason the phenomenon strikes
the ordinary observer q the more
wonderful when il occurs. l know =
genueman who was the station aren't
q village . dozen miles or 80 above
Hartford, Conn. Early one morning
ne went down TO the station and
found there . man who related the
ioii0wing experience: II WAS sitting
on the vefanda of my residence. in
Hartford, last might, and after hear
ing the clock strike 10 concluded
mat u vas time TO 60 TO bed. Before
Z could bring myself 70 the point of
starting, however, I had doxed OF To
sleep. and knew nothing more until
l foqnd myself in this station this
morning." The man was Of eminentiy
respectable appearance. and had made
the trip from Hartford on the railroad
track, and doing this he must have
crossed number OF cuiverfs or open
bridges and probably turned out for
several passing trains. Wonderful as
this may seem for man to do while
asleep, il Is not more wonderful
than other things which are
on record Persons have been
known to make long journeys on
horseback IN their sleep, paying tolls.
avoiding obstacles; they have success
fully descended into coal mines, they
nave assembled in safety to the roofs
of houses, have climbed rocky cliffs
and successfully robbed eagles nests
during the night; mllers. soldiers,
grooms, seamstresses, have all per-
formed their customary work with
perfect exactitude, but without any
recollection of their exersiOns. Not
outstanding the accuracy with which
many acts are performed, says an
authority on this subject. that paYtic-
uiar senses may be dormant is proved
by insensibility 70 loud noises. and by
. cook eating cabbage which had been
substituted for q salad which he had
carefully prepared. The archbishop
OF Bordeaux composed a sermon and
wrote out music while asleep, read
them oyer. made corrections, scratched
out lines, substituted others, put In its
place word that had been omitted,
and continued 10 do this even though
. sheet OF pastboard was interposed
between the writing and his face,
showing that he was copying mental
images and not with the eyes.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

A gentleman who bad suffered stssa 30
roysns-., AID pAir from osrbass Itch. and
Mo hst been t-eaas~. by the os~' phys
,csans. without reiist ss,s thai I've ssssi. -
ot patsrsi's specific ea-ea him ss'i iess 81,
face perfectly smooth, without scsr II
never fslas ia skin dtsessss- - 4 ~ sew
at 4 Holmes nygg ga
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

Through Pullman sestibusesi ssss Fsrs
and atainE ears slso sstess I'M PROVE =. stsss
III sIex.x-ars ~ reach - the East VIA Morn.
err Psrs &C railroad ossscse. No. gih secS,ssSi
street. Es<ton block
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1889-09-15

MaSniaeent ssock Of emhrcsderies. al
wfdsas. wish insertions to match Iokias'
SiugeymAu q Co
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1889-08-22
LEGAL.

VIRGINIA: In the Clerks office of the Cnros,
ration Court of the city of Alexandria. on
the LIST day of August 1889.
Karen Happuch Crump vs.. Isaac Rudd, Emma
Rudd, Maria Pollard and Henry Pollard, Georgia
Lash and Joseph Lash, Alice Mifleton and James
Miffieton, Kate Beach and Albert Beach, Addje
Lennon and Jessie Lennon, Benjamin Rudd
William Rudd, Charles Rudd Margaret Heymes
George W. Henderson, Peter Henderson, James
N. Rudd, Laura C. Rudd and Theodore NJ Rudd,
Isabella Rudd, Fannie Orr, Belinda Henderson
John Henderson, Maggie Henderson, Mary A.
Rudd, John W. Henderson, Martha Whiting
William Whiting. Isabella Lennon, Joseph Len.
non, Lille Lennon, Caleb Hunt Hannah Ds.
Wis, George Davis, Hannah Wall, Frank Hunt.
William Hunt, Edith Hunt, Kate Hunt Rebec.
ca B. Keynes, James Schwartz, William l..
Schwartz, John Montgomery, Laura Montgom.
cry, Ella Grace Vernon and the unknown heirs
of James H. Hooe, deceased. In chsncery, 10
answer an ended bill.
Memo The object of this suit is TO obtain de.
cree for the sale and PARTITION of the real estate
at the northeast corner of Washington and Wilkes
streets, of which William Rudd died seized
The defendants, Martha Whiting, Wllism
Whiting, Isabella Lennon, Joseph Lennon, Lille
Lennon, Caleb Hunt, Hannah Davis, George Da
Wis Hannah Wall, Frank Hunt, William Hunt
Edith Hunt. Kate Hunt, Rebecca Z. Keynes,
James Schwartz, William L. Schwartz, John
Montgomery, Laura Montgomery, Ella Grace Yer
1on, and the unknown heirs OF James b.
Hooe, deceased, not having entered their ap-
pearance and given security according to
the act of Assembly and the rules of this
Court and it appearing by affidavit that they
are not residents of this State it is ordered that
said defendants appear here within fifteen days
after the publication of this order, and do what
is necessary to protect their interests in this suit
and that copy of this order be forthwith insert
e i in the ALEXANDRIA GAZETTE, q newspaper
published in the city of Alexandria, once week
or four successive weeks, and posted at the front
door of the Court House of this city copy, teste
JOHN S. BEACH, Clerk.
II. O. Clsughton, "a. aue2 w4w
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1889-08-22
Opening and Closing of the Mails.

Northern mails close at 7:30 and 1890 a. N.
aud l2:46 and 600 p. m. Open at $50 a. m,
1900 NJ, and $50 p. m.
Southern mails, via Richmond, Vs., close at
10: 30 a. M, Clio and 800 p. m. Open at $50
and 11:3O a. m.
Southwestern mails via Charlottesville, Va,
close at $40 and 11:25 q. IN. and 800 D. NJ
Open at ESQ q. m, and 7:30 p. m.
Manassas Division mails close at 4:1O p. NJ
and 500 p. IN. Open at $50 g. m and 730 D. N.
Alexandria and Rolnd Hill, Va, msils close at
S25 q. M. and 4:1o p. m. Open at 800 a. m and
300 p. N.
Closed mails to Falls Church, Vienna, Fairfax
I'd, Herndon, Leesburg, PuIcellville and Round
Hill, Va close at 4:10 p. m. and open at 800 am
Western mails close st 1890 g. M, 12:45 and
$40 p m. Open at $50 and 1000 q. M, and
300 p m.
Washington, d. c., mails close at 7:3O and 1920
q. m, and 12:45, 4:40 and $40 p. m. Open
81 $50 and 1000 a. m. 1900 M, and 300 and
$50 p. m.
Office Hours-Open at $50 a. m. Close at $50
t. N. Open at 6:30 p. m. Close at 7 p. M
sunday Hours-Open at 900 g. m Close at
40 g. m.
CARRIERS sCHEDULE-Collections made on s.
rip routes-G:3o and 1000 a. M, 1920
200 md 5:z5 p. m. On Strip route-6:3O and
1o:'O a. M. and $40 p M
c:veriea made at 800 a. M, - N. and 800
}. ~
sn dSy-farriors window open at 800 and
8. - ::30 &. u.