The Portland daily press., 1889-07-03

western part of our country, and the South
western part Of Canada, with an informing,
ling climate, for the cattle OF Montana ana
Dakota are driven across the line TO Wlnnl-
peg as regulation of business, for what
can be found growing there for the support
of animal life in the winter that those men
of congenitive race and corresponding
habits of thought and independence OF
hold Of supposed loyalty to far-oh
monarch, which erelong may be no mon
archy at all, can't keep them apart.
The Monroe doctrine, as applied TO the
southern part of the continent, precludes
this government from tolerating, in so far
as it may interfere, the establishment Of
any kingly government over people on this
continent. The same idea might preclude
foreign government from continuing hold
upon the allegiance Of the same class of men
who will be soon immensely superior, both In
numbers, strength and power, to
OUR FATHERS OF THE REVOLUTION,
so as to prevent them from declaring indie
pendence, their condition then being such
that there can be no fear Of any attempt to
crush the win Of such people by arms, and
no Germans for sale to aid the mother
country in enslaving her people.
We have seen that the expansion OF our
country from ocean to ocean makes limit
| to its extension east and west; that the
| proximity of the equator on the south may
| not add to us peoples which VIII increase
| our strength, our enterprise or our capacity
| for self government, and that we must look
| only to the north for that class and condi-
| tion of men into whose hands we would be
most willing to confide the future destiny
| of our country with confident hope that
| it shall revolutfonize the world so far as any
| of its peoples are capable OF receiving ana
| maintaining the blessings OF civil and rellg-
| ious liberty. controlled by laws enacted by
| popular intelligence.
Why did not Canada Join with the rest OF
| the country in declaring its Independence Of
| Great Britain? There was time when all
| our colonies were most loyal to the crown,
| fighting its battles against France and Spain
with strength, feryor and determination
| which was wonderful. The answer must be
found in observing the elements which con-
| trolled Canada from the first. Canada was
| the most considerable OF the colonies Oh
| France. Indeed, she had scarce any other
colonies except some unimportant Islands:
| She was first on this continent, but
her colonial organizations were like those of
| Mexico on the western shores Of the Pacific.
| Religious missions took charge OF the
| colonies under the special auspices Oh the
| Romish church, claiming their objects to be
| the Christianization Of the Indian tribes:
| Commencing at some of the easternmost
| islands of Canada, thence overlooking upon
| the mainlands at Cape Breton in Nova Scotia,
| the lines of colonization centred along the st.
Lawrence and around the city of Quebec.
| which the
MILITARY GENIUS OF FRANCE
soon made the Gibraltar of America. Thence,
along the river, across the great lakes, they
| planted their missions on the Mississippi,
descending that waterway towards New
| Orleans and Louisiana, where their second
most important settlement was founded.
| The military genius of their engineers
| contrived to plan chain Of forts along
the ST. Lawrence to the lakes, thence down
| the navigable rivers until they struck
the Mississippi, thereby enclosing the whole
| British possessions of North America In
| that line which France supposed she could
| maintain against Great Britain and her
| colonies by the aid Of the Indian tribes, then
| supposed to be powerful enough for that
/ purpose, and with whom France never had a
war. The scheme was magnificent one,
and 1t was quite successfully, at first, carried
/ out.
As we have said Quebec was the most ag-
| gressive and enterprising part OF that col
| Ony from the necessity Of its climate and the
| people. All Of its Inhabitants were OF the
| devOutest sects of Catholics. The hand OF
| the Jesuits was actively felt there longer
than in most Catholic countries. 1t differed
/ only in its thorough devotion to a govern
ment by the Almighty directly. a theoeracy,
| from the New Englanders who were equally
bigoted and devout and insisted that their
| government was theocracy controlled from
the hand Of God himself, while the Canadian
believed that his government was the same
only it came through the medium and agency
/ of the Catholic church. But between these
/ two colonies there was the most intense and
uncompromising hatred. This was famed
into flame which burned up every idea that
/ anything that New Englander could dc
was right, in the mind of the French, by
what is known as the French and Indian
war, commencing about 1905.
THE RESULTS OF THAT WAR
were exceedingly disastrous to the French
| power and to the French colonies in the
north. The French settlements in Nova
Scotia and Breton, called Acadia, were
seized upon, and the quiet, unoffending peo-
| pie were carried off by the soldiers of Mass
| achusetts, distributed in Massachusetts,,
| some insNew Hampshire, some in the bleak
island Of Price Edward and some in North
| Carolina, and some even taken and disposed
in the French colony of New Orleans. Then
came the fall of Louisburg, the next most
cursions upon and occupation Of the island
of Newfoundland. Next came the attack up
| on Quebec, which was lost to the French by
the QuixOtic bravery Of MOntcalm, who
| threw away the advantage of holding the
strong citadel by meeting Wolfe on the open
| war so far as America was concerned. But
it had involved France, Spain and England
and all their colonies in every part of the
world, and the treaty Of 1762 known as the
treaty Of Paris, was exceedingly destructive
Of French interests by which many great and
important religious questions were adjust
| ed.
1t became imperative that the see of Rome
should relinquish either her ecclesiastical
rights and powers over her French subjects
| nr nj ch cFIhI N m
had been seized by the English forces led
by Massachusetts, Pensacola and Florida
had been seized from the kingdom OF Spain,
and all the. colonies Of France in Nortl
America had been substantially surrendered
| to England.
The colonization and settlement Of thu
province of Quebec had been. as we have
seen, substantially religious missions, includ
ing what lay farther south and west. Al
the line of posts by which France had mean
to
ENCLOSE THE ENGLISH COLONIES
from Louisiana north had been lost and tina
scheme abandoned. The loss of the eve
faithful isle Cuba to Spain and the churcl
was one that could not be submitted to, so /
was agreed that Florida should be relin
quished by Spain and Cuba released to he
in its stead, and that the Province Of Quebe,
and all the dependencies on the mainland
should be given to England, fishing rights II
several OF the Eastern Islands only being re
| serued to France by which their Catholi
population might be fed with fish, as well a
some two or three small islands among tn
West Indies. But the church insisted tina
as the English colonies adjacent to tn
Province of Quebec had been settled es
| pecially New Hampshire and Massachusett
on the East, by people most fully and deter
minedly hostile to the Catholic church
where Puritan Few England contendet
with the irish Calvinists of the covenant Il
furious hate of that religious establishment
which they derided as the ''whore of Baby
Ion" the church only permitted the treaty t
be signed after the most careful, fully con
sidered and effective provision therein
protect the Catholic rights and ecclesiastics
powers, and some almost temporal, by tn
most solemn forms of treaty between thre
nations, two Of them children Of the church
1t is curious to observe how those religion
duarrels have affected the conditions of Car
ada and the English colonies Of North Amer
lea and their descendants even to this day
When our fathers came to the conclusion
throw off their allegiance to Great Britain
agents were sent to Quebec to have Canad
join with the English colonies in the endeay
or to eject English government from the cor
tinent, and to a casual observer it woul
seem that there was every prospect OF SUI
cess, because the Province of Quebec, whic
was substantially all there was of politics