davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
SAD FATE OF ThE pAuPhIN,

SAD FATE Or IHe DAUPHlN.
One Of the saddest incidents Of tho Revolu-
ton was the imprisonment and death Of the
dauphin, son Of Louis XVI and titulary king
Of France. Carefully educated under the di-
rection OF his father, he was. at the outbreak
of the civil strife, when he was aged four,
handsome, intelligent, alert lad, but noted for
impatience and obstinacy. In his eighth year
he was imprisoned with his parents in the
Temple, where his tragic woes began. After
the execution Of his father he was proclaimed
his successor by his uncle, subsequently Louis
XVIII, aud recognized by most Of the Euro
pean powers, by the Vendeean leaders and
the belligcrent royalists in tho south of
France. These facts, added to attempts 10
rescue him from captivity, prompted the rev.
olutioniSts, alarmed and angry at the posi-
tion OF affairs, to secure hin. more firmly.
The unfortunate boy was consequently
snatchod at night duly 5, l7GA from his
mothers arms, and taken, wild with fright,
10 distant part of the building. There he
was put in charge of brutal and violent
cobbler, Antoine Simon, a regular sans
culotte, who neglected and abused him saw
agely. He was left alone, day and night, in
a dark noisome cell without occupation or
amusement. Impure water and coarse food
were given him only when convenient, the
result Of such treatment being, aS must have
been anticipated, rapid physical and mental
decay. Something he had said in reply to
questions having been twisted into disparage-
ment of his mother-Marie Antoinette was
devoted TO him-he determined TO hold his
peace. Nor for a long while could he be
coaSed, tntimidated or beaten out Of his de-
termination He would sit, week after week
month after month, silent and stony in his
chair not even shrinking from the rats with
which his cell swarmed
Al the end OF the Terror he was placed in
less cruel hands; but he was still kept in soli-
tude, though his sister was imprisoned under
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17


ure he invariably explained his position by
some sophism, as If anxious to appear dif-
ferent from his real self. He was fond of
playing the demagogue by appealing to the
people as their champion, and portraying
the pretended danger he incurred by such
championship. After he had denounced the
king and the ministry June 2l, lT9D, he
said: Il am aware that l sharpen against
myself a thousand daggers But if at the
beginning OF the Revolution, when l was
little known, offered TO sacrifice my life to
the cause of truth, now that l feel recon-
pensed for my conduct by the approval Of
my fellow citizens, l should esteem almost as
a benefit death which would save me from
witnessing the calamities to the country that
are plainly inevitable"
In voting for the kings death he spoke
these words in a very sad tone; Il come to
this conclusion with exceeding sorrow; but
there Is no other. Between Louis and my
country, / choose my country. Louis must
die that France may live" He defended his
condemnation of the Girondists by declaring
it a political necessity, adding: There are
times when it Is criminal to liye.' He seems
on one hand 10 have sincerely desired the
reign of peace and order, and on the other
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

An old letter before me contains the follow
ing retort Of an Amer,ran, which is worthy
of Lincoln's famous reply to the boast that
the sun never sets on tho british soil, "he-
cause" he said, God won't trust an English.
man in the dark" Two Euglishmen were
disputing about the moou, one insisting it was
an inhabited element, the other contending
with him; Yankee standing by attended 10
their discourse and replied with coniidence
"lt is not"
One OF tie gentlemen, being a little dis.
pleased at the Interference, with u look of dis
dain, said; How do you know, srl" "How
do know, sirf repeated the American; "be-
cause II II had been, tie British would have
had the folly and presumption % have laid
siege to 1t long befo. now.n The French.
mans explanation Of what became of Old
moons, In answer 10 Il inquiry Of friend,
slways appeared ingenious His companion
said he could not account for the fact that be
had never heard of old moons why, YOU
ignoramusl Don't you know that the good
Lord cuts them up and makes stars out Of
themp'-Amsrica
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
AbOut Fog,

Fog and its causes have been the subject Of
much discussion. By one writer the cels-
brated London fog is attributed to the cool
ing Of the air by radiation from hillsides
near the city, which air, flowing down, en-
velops the city. 1t has also been suggested
that cool northerlv wind on the west side Of
"a storm flows into the saturated air on the
south side and condenses fog. In Newfound-
land it is thought that fog is produced by the
flowing OF a saturated current southward to
cooler waters which often have ice floating
in them. In none Of these cases, however,
doesit seem that the theories advanced have
been substantiated, and the subject offers an
interesting field of investigation to the scien-
tist,-Boston Budget.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
THE CORDECIERS.

The club Of the Cordeliers, to which the
Hebertists belonged and which Is so salient
in the Revolution, Is not clearly understood
here as a separate body from the Jacobin
club. Tho Cordelers was from 1889 dis
tinctive organization; it derived its name
from meeting where the monastery of that
order had stood, and which it resembled in
its democratic character and its disregard of
property. 1t was in the largest and strictest
sense popular; it made no distinction, as did
the Jacobins, between the assembly of politi-
clans, members of tho club and the fraternal
unions of the workmen, admitted for their
counsel and instruction. Its sessions were held
with open doors; 1t mingled with the people;
it took its hue and cue to an extent from the
multitude Essentially Partisan, and an
swering TO every prejudice, suspicion or inn
pulse Of the excited, turbulent community,
no polite body could, 1t would seem, be moro
uncertain or dangerous, which is the best
reason for accepting it as representative Of
the Revolution.
The Jacobins were more dignitled, more
prudent, more thoughtful, more conserva-
tive, receiving suggestions from the COM
mons, but acting on their own deliberations.
Forming a great society, with branches in
every department, they necessarily had great
weight on public opinion and on all govern
ment agencies. The influence of the Corde-
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

lers was, on the other hand, entirely at home;
in the streets, in the public squares, in the
sections, in the Commune. They furnished
tie steam that set the political and deadly
machine in motion. Marat, Danton, Ca
mile Desmoulins, FrerOn, Robert, Legendre,
Fabre, D'Eglantine, Clootz were among its
founders, and its membership comprehended
many OF tbs ablest and boldest OF the reyolu
tionists. II was not, in any way, as has often
been thought, rival OF the Jacobn club.
Many of the same men belonged TO both, and
the two occupied substantially the same
ground.
The Cordelters, however, had more initia.
tive, boldnesS confidence and lei Off in many
Of the procedures which firmly established
the Revolution. At the beginning of 1894,
near the middle Of the Terror, Desmoulins,
Danton and many of their colleagues tenn
pered their views and thus brought them
selves into collision with Robespierre, who
had for some time found Danton too strong
10 control They were given the name Of
lndulSents, being the reverse Of the party OF
the Enraged or liebertists, which the Ro-
bespierreans had succeeded in crushing by
decapitating their leaders. The Cordeliers
were, therefore, divided, and Desmoulins
started new Journal, TO which he gave the
title Le Nieux Cordelcr
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
By JuNrUs HENRI BROWNE
lcOpyright, 1852. by American Press Association
VI

fcOpyright, 1852, by American Press Association
VI
Jean Baptistc Carrier was one Of the most
bloodthirsty Of the revolutionists A native
a the old province Of Auvergne, he favored
the institution of the revolutionary tribune
. member Of the convention, and voted
for the death Of Louis XVI He famed also
The popular flame against the Girondists So
ssalous, 20 sanguinary was he in behalf OF the
guiIlotins that he was deputed to silence the
refractory In the provinces. In Normandy
end Brittany, where civil war prevailed, lac
ordered numberless arrests, and condemned
men and women to the scaffold on the slight
1T suspicion, often for no cause whatever.
He also invaded Potion, and at Nantes he
bad such an appetite for slaughter that he
speedily omitted any form Of trial or judicial
nroceedinrs
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

ptals and the insane with better accommo-
dations, to ameliorate the condition Of the
poor. the old and infirm; in word, TO help
in every way the cause Of suffering humani-
ty. Carried away by the billow Of events,
he sustained as procureur all the most i'm
portant measures Of the Revolution, and ad-
vocated, in the name of sections Of Paris and
before the convention, the creation Of the
revolutionary army. He was particularly
concerned in the movement against the Ro-
man Catholic church, which was the result
of tho violence of the refractory clergy, and
of their determination to excite on every
hand civil war against the country and the
Revolution He was called Hebertist and
was one effectually, though he differed wide
ly from Hebert and his immediate followers
on various points, notably in his willingness
to allow tho Commune to sanction all the
acts of the Cordelier club.
Robespierre, who had made up his mind to
destroy Chaumette with Others, so dreaded his
popularity that he for awhile deferred his
doom. Chaumette scarcely realized his dan
ger; he did not belierr " opuH be connected
with the fictitious conspiracy attributed to
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

been doomed; he was anxious only that his
honor might not suffer. With him, as has been
said, ended the great Commune; was definitely
crushed tho philosophic and social Revolu-
ton, which was one of the most daring efforts
Of the era. "All the martyrs of free thought"
says Louis Blanc, "all those who shed their
blood for religious liberty, the thousands Of
prosecuted Protestants, should recognize q
brother in this apostle Of Reason, who was
the voice of Paris.n
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

any ucuree-s; uut ne was mspicfous, fGs6cr
timid, man Of soeech and theory instead q
action, and singulsrly greedy Of power. Hs
undoubtedly believed in the people, and -
was often shocked at their barbarities. He
took no part in ths frequent inNrrectious Of
Paris Although he felt that much blood
must be shed, yet he always sought srcuO
for shedding IL, and was Glad to tFanser The
responsibility. II he had been man q nsrvs
his head. His lack Of will was the causs oe
his destruction,
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
THE QUEENS LIFE AND cEATH.

The convention having passed an edlct
6spt. ~ that all suspected persons should
be vigorously dealt with, no one unless
beggar or common rufilan, but was in i'm
minent and continual peril. The turbulent
republicans had been christened ragged fell
lows lsans-culottes, literally, without breechesl
because most Of them belonged to the prole.
tariat. They, like their class in eyery COM
munity, had nothing TO fear and everything
to hope from general disorder, rapine and
the suppression Of authority. Before the
Girondists were sent to the block, chanting
the Marseillaise from the Conciergerie to the
Place de Greve, Marie Antoinette had been
selected as a victim.
The famous battle hymn had then been
Known to Paris little more than a twelve
month, though it had been composed since
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

the beginning Of
the previous year.
At that time, as a
column Of volun-
teers was to leave
Strasbourg, the
mayor Of the city,
who was TO give a
banquet in their
honor, asked a
young artillery Of
fcer, Rouget de
fisle, 20 write a
song for the occa-
sion Tia ragut,
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

A curious custom prevails among the i'll
habitants of the Sandemau Islands. When
girl who has had number Of suitors is car
ried Off by her accepted lover the welded
pair, within forty-eigLt hours Of the we'd
ding, send cup Of poison distilled from the
halalula treo to each of the brides former
admirers. If any Of the recipients feel that
they cannot become rCconCied to the mar
riage they drink the poison and die, but il
they decide that they will survive the loss Of
their intended wife they throw away the
poison, and feel bound in honor never to show
tho slightest sign Of disappointment. By this
system the husband is able to live on friendly
terms with tho surviving admirers of his
wife. New York Telegram.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
WITHOUT PREJUDICE.

The more We know OF the French Revolu-
ton, Of its antecedents and concomitants,
the less severe our Judgments Of its principal
actors are likely 10 be. Only slight ac-
quaiutance with that time of stress and strug.
gle is apt to excite the belief that it was
protracted national delirium that crayed
nothing but blood blood, blooi-a species Of
political thugge which subSisted on murder
II was a sort of madness but madness can
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

his friends. But, in
such a crisis, any
thing or ev er y
thing was possible.
He was arrested, a
few days after their
death, and subject
ed TO the EN- pit y
form of a trial. He
was calm and proud
before his judges.
He disdained TO do
fend himself, know
ing that he Ind
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

neTce III expression
or manner, as was
Marat, lie was, on
the Htrary, re-
narkably h an d.
some, and bis coun-
tenance full OF
gentleness, even OF
tenderness, " b en-
in repose. He was
ordinarily very po-
lite; and, raying
sans-culotte though
he was, he often
evinced chivalrous
delicacy towards
,,,,,,nn and UNA
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

was the Marseillaise, words and music having
bssn done at u single sitting. He called it the
war song Of the army Of the Rhine. 1t was
sang at the banquet with the greatest fer
vor; indeed, it was so patriotically stirring
that the next day four hundred recruits were
addsd TO the marching column. The fiery
strains were caught up by the army Of the
north, but were not introduced TO Paris until
earbsroux, with his five hundred young
frovsneais, took prominent part In the
attack on the Tuiieries tAus. 10, l192l, which
~ 70 ths downfall Of the manarahs
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
THE LEADERS AT ODDS.
Guiding Spirits Of the Revolution
Destroying Ono Another.

copyright, 1889, by American Press Association.l
VII.
The guillotlne was 30 active and terrible
an agent In the French Revolution that some
account Of II naturally belongs to any recital
Of that most memorable epoch. Many per-
sons have 50 vivid impressions Of the prodig-
ious slaughter II caused in France as TO incline
TO the belief that the ghastly machine was
wholly the product Of the time. DR.. Joseph
1gnace Guillotin, after whom IL was named,
is popularly supposed to have Invented it,
and also to have been the first to suffer
from Il.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
Consumption Infectious,

A curious case of consumption is reported
by The British Medical journal. where a girl
OF II placed in her ears the earrings Of a
friend who had died Of consumption Shs
soon developed an ulcer in the ear which dis
charged tubercle baclllL Later her neck and
then her lungs were affected, and she soon had
pulmonary consumption. Tho lesson Is a
plain one to scientists, and IL must be learned
by all that consumption is infectious and can
be brought on Us by sleeping with the dis
eased, or by wearing their clothing, or by
any other method that allows the bacilli 10
enter our blood or eur lungs st. Louis
lobe-Democyas
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

thized with her at
that moment. She
received oct. Is,
1893 her sentence
with calmness- it
had long been an
ticipated--and re-
turned serenely TO
prison. A consti-
tutional curate Wis
tied her there; she
endured his pres
ence, but politely
declined his minis
trationS At II
O'Clock Oct. 10 she
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

do It's fatal work
fast enough; con-
Sc emily other
means OF extermi-
nation wro de-
vised. He was a
Gallo Caligula; he
invented new meth
DDS Of m ur d er.
Is oats were fur
nished with valves,
; hundreds Of prison.
GERS having been put
Jon board and towed
Ito the middle Of the
river Loire, where
tn ey were su n X
with their human
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

capacity to abolish
corporeal punis s h
ment In the schools,
to close houses of
gambling an d i'll
repute, to suppress
lotteries, the sale Of
licentious book rs
and engravings, to
keep open the II
braries every day,
In s tead of tw o
hours n week, as
= had formerly been
the rule, to pro-
vide the sick in hos
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

bcrs OF tho committee OF public safety, with
a number Of officials Of the Temple, and an
autopsy held BY prominent physicians tho
same day. In spite Of these precautions va
rious persons have, as usual since pretended
TO be the prince-Eleaznr Williams, an Amer
lean clergyman, among them-but have met
with no sa,ccp<q
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

I'd Sampson,
and the hideo'is Of
fec long remained
in tho family, do
scendius from sire
to son.
Tho guillotine,
mas niue b rs 1t
sewers tho spinal
cord, the connec-
tion Of tho nervous
system with the
brain must, by de-
stroying sensation
at once, be abso-
lutely painless. But
Si1narinr tha Gar-
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17
HISTORY OF THE GulLLoTlNE.

The facts are these. He was professor Of
anatomy, pathology and physiology In Paris,
In the latter half OF tho Eighteenth century.
He was with Benjamin Franklin and others,
on the commission appointed TO investigate
the claims Of Anton Mesmer, tho founder OF
mesmcrism, 10 DO regarded as q scientific
discoverer. His chief fame, however, rests
on his proposal to the constituent assembly
that dccapitation, which had been confined
TO mobiles as less ignominious than hanging,
should be adopted as tho mode Of punish
ment for all kinds Of criminals.
This was both democratic and benevolent
measure, as he wished the AZ to be regulated
by machinery, 30 that It's action, being more
certain, should involve less pain. Guillotin
had no share in the making Of the machine,
which came into use in the spring OF lTy2 1t
was originally called the louison, but got its
present name from a satirical song published
in a royaiist Sheet The Acts Of tho Apostles.
SO far from losing his head by IL, he died
peaceably In his bed at 10 He was impris-
oned during tho Reign OF Terror, but he had
the rare fortune TO regain his freedom and to
resume practice In Paris, dying the year be-
fors the battle Of Waterloo. He was enthu-
sastic about the instrument, and in replying
TO some objections urgea against IL one day
in the assembly said, 1T will lop of your
head in the twinkliDg Of nm eye, and you will
not experience tho least particle OF pain"
At this his hearers laughed, many OF whom
were soon destined to test tho truth OF his
statement.
The guillotine does not seem In any way to
be the sort Of object TO excite merriment
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

went 10 the scatfold She was pale and her
lace had undergone a striking change; but
she spoke no word. She submitted to the
ak without tremor, but not without "a
faint smile of disdain, which the sharp blade
cleft away, with all her sorrows.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

man Psychologist, maintained, within three
years after its introduction, that it could not
be painless on account of the swiftness Of the
operation. The subject has been debated
from timo 10 time ever since, without caus-
ing, however, any reasonable doubt OF the
entire mercifulness of the punishment.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

Calonne. Philippe Egalite, whom the guests
chanced TO dislike. The figures were tiny
yias Of red lqueur, and when tho heads were
severed by tho toy machine the liqueur gushed
forth, looking like blood. Sardonic kind OF
pastime this, but characteristic OF the era
and race When the Terror had begun-in
September, l793-the guillotine was too hor-
ribly real TO furnish further diversion, even
TO tho volatile Parisians; they then ceased to
look at or think of 1t, except rs the precur-
sor Of violent death.
II is not wholly a modern invention, nor
did it originate In France, similar instru-
ments having been employed elsewhere In
Europe centuries earlier. 1t was used in
Germany under the namo OF the falling
hatchet (fallbeiD in 1905, but was superseded
by the sword also in Italy dt was called there
the mannaia), and In the Netherlands. The
maiden, a similar contrivance, was known in
Scotland and Regent Morton lost his head
by IL in 1881.
A German, Schmidt, built tho first machine
In Paris for 800 francs, the carpenter en-.
gagged by tho government having demanded
5000 francs, and cighty-three, one for each
department Of France, were constructed. 1t
was first tried on three corpses at the Bcetre
hospital, and few days later on Pelletier. a
highwayman sentenced to death. II consists
of an oblaue edged heavily weighted knife,
sliding easily In grooves between two up
right posts, and descending on a block. On
this the head OF tho sufferer rests, being fast
ened there by board, in which there is a
hollow half circle fitting to another half in a
second board, the neck occupying the sphere.
The hands OF the condemned person arc
bound behind him; his legs are tied 50 that
there can be no movement Of the body. The
neck is placed exactly under tho knife, which
falls heavily but noiseleSsly, and sewers the
head from the trunk instantaneousy. Tho
Paris executionor during the Revolution was
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

the same roof near
by. When past 10
years Old he was SO
feeble, thin and de-
ranged that a ply
sician who had been
sent for declared
him dying OF scrof-
ula- Tn o revolu-
tionary authorities
. pronounce a IL Of
these accounts I s
grossly exagger-
atei, and many Of
them baseless. His
artihad ia hv saana-
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

A well Of SO called electrical water has
been tapped at Fort Scott, Kan. To place
both hands in the water at the same time Is
utterly impossible. The shock Is SO forcibls
that it throws one aside with vigor.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-17

tanning method. The people had been 20 long
and bitterly oppressed that, when they at
tempted to throw on their oppression, they
had 50 extraordinary success as TO infiame
their worst passions All the power, which
they bad never enjoyed, and had never hoped
to enjoy, suddenly fell into their hands, and
they abused 1t necessarily and hideously.
Their leaders, though mostly honest and
nriynarilv humane became deme coQues rer.