davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
EscHANGE HOTEL, ALEXANDRIA, !
Nov. 6, 1889. I

Special meeting of the Alexandria
Council. All the members being pre-
sent the Mayor called the meeting to
order
Before entering into the regular
business of the meeting Mr.. Edward
We'll petitioned that the suit pending
against him for Delinquent taxes be
withdrawn, on condition that he wonld
make a cash payment of $50, in part
payment OF said delinquent taxes
The amount was rendered by Mr..
We'll and accepted by the Council,
the balance to be paid on or before the
LIST day of March, 1890.
Application by Mr.. John Kerrigan
to be appointed night Waterman was
read.
Mr.. Robert Raxsdale was nomina,
ted also. Vote by ballot elected Mr..
Robert Raxsdale as night policeman
for the ensuing two months.
Mr.. Loeb now calculated to the
Council the feasibility and practica-
bility of erecting water works in Alex
andria, and with the exception Of fully
convincing the Council Oh one essen
tial principle of hydraulics, did credit
to himself and to the gentleman he
represents.
Approximate estimates, costs, etc,
were fully discussed and general
place decided upon, giving all parts oil
the Town an ample and convenient
supply Of good water,
1t was therefore
Resolved, That the committee draw
up plans and specifications of the de
signed water. works, and submit the
same to Mr.. Loeb, representing Mr.
Louis Schwartz, of New Orleans, anc
to any and all other mechanics ant
manufacturers that the committee ma,
deem proper, for bids on the materia
necessary for the said works, and tt
report thereupon as soon as possible
Meeting adjourned.
THOS. CRAWLEY,
L. W. BRINGHURsT, Mayor.
Secty pro TEN.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
,JeII|yIiis Fair i
December g, 8, 4 and 8.
st. T E.azaois .Xayser's
Con
LOUISIANA
Under Direction ct Sisters Of Divine
Providence.
OPENED SEPTEMBER ID, 1885

TYHIS INSTITUTION OFFERS EVERY
J. advantage to young ladies who de-
sire to receive a good and solid education:
The course Of study is thorough and
extensive, comprising all the English
beanches, German, French, Vocal aud
Instrumental Music, Drawing, Painting,
the General Principles OF bookkeeping.
Plain Sewing and every variety of Fancy
Work.
Pupils are divided into Primary, Inter
mediate and Senior Departments. The
discipline of the School is mild, firm and
and parental. As soon as they enter the
Convent, they become the children of the
house, and the Sisters watch over then
best interests with maternal solicitnle
Great attention is given to the polite.
lady-lise department of the pnpils.
Pupils of all denominations are receiv,
ed, and while the utmost care is taken III
the religious instruction Of the children
of Catholic parents, there is no influence
exercised over the religious opinions o.
others; but for the sake of order, all the
pupils are required to attend the religious
exercises with decorum.
The scholastic year is divided into two
sessions of five months each. The frs
session begins with the first day in Sep
TENDER, aud the second With the first da.
in February.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

AGENTS WANTED EVEBYWHERE.
~ For Club Rates, or any further in-
formation desired, write legibly to the
undersigned, clearly stating your resi-
deiIcc, with State, County, Street and
Number. More rapid return NAL deliNe-
ny will be assured by your enclosing an
envelopes bearing Your full address.
IMPORTANT.
All culinary letters containing Postal
Notes. Money Orders issued byall Express
Companies Or Now York Exchange.
Addressed
NJ. A. DAUPHIN,
New Orleans, La.
Address registered letters containing
Currency to New Orleans National Bank.
New Orleans, La.
| REMEMBER That the only genuine
Louisiana State Lottery Tickets issued
under the State Charter, are recognized
by the highest Courts, are invariably
signed by NJ. A. Dauphin, President. En-
dorsed by Generals Beanregau and Early,
j Supervisors of the drawings, aud guaran-
i teed by National Banks OF New Orleans,
as to the payment OF its prizes. None
/ others are genuine.
All so-called Supplements" Original
Little Louisiana" or other limitations with
unlawful use of the Louisiana State Lot
terry Company's name, by persons un
known, under assumed or fictitious names
are attempts to deceive the public by
false pretenses, offering no guarantee
whatsoever.
| REMEMBER THAT ONE DOLLAE
is the Price of the smallest part or frac
ton Of u ticket issued in any drawing
Anything in our name offered at a les!
price, is either counterfeit or u swindie
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION,

LAND OFFICE AT NATCHITocuEs. La,
October 81. 1889.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT
IN the followingnamed settler has filed
notice of hif intention to make final proof
in support of his claim, and that said
proof will be made before the Judge, OF
in his absence, the Clerk of the District
Court, at Alexandria, La, on December
It'll, 1889, viz: james Jefferson Hunt,
Homestead entry No 2797, for the west
half OF the northwest quarter, section 2,
township north, range west. Loaisi-
ana meridian He names the following
witnesses to prove his CONTINUOUS resi-
dcnce upon and cultivation OF said land,
viz: john IL. Walker. Thomas j. Gentry,
James Cults, Wm. A. Estes, Of Milford
p. 0. La. WILLIS HOLMES,
Oct. SOFT. Register.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
GLORIOUS TRIUMPH FOR THE
DEMOCRACY.
Mahone, Of Virginia, aad Foraker o.
Ohio, both Badly Beaten. Even
lowe CeeJ Democratic.

The result of the elections last
Tuesday was a genuine surprise to the
Nation. We say surprise, as the fol,
lowing will prove
Virginia leads off and scores grand
victory for the Democracy. Malone,
the scalawag, with his entire gang,
was showed under ont Of sight.
In Ohio, Campbell, the Democratic
candidate for Governor was elected,
defeating overwhelmingly that loud
mouthed renegade and hater of the
Southern people, Foraker. A Demo
cratic Legislature was also elected.
New York elected Democratic State
officers in Maryland the Legislature
is democratic; New jersey follows
suit and elects the democratic ticket.
And to cap the climax, Iowa goes
democratic. Boies, the democratic
candidate for Governor, is elected by a
large majority, Did you ever!
Tuesday, of last week, was great
day for the Democracy, "and the re
suit means that the Democrats will
carry large majorits of the Congres.
sional districts next year, that the
House in 1892 will be overwhelming y
Democratic aud decidedly for revenue
reform, and that the next President
will be tariff for revenue Democrat
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
. NOTICE
TO rTHE PUBLIC
ALEXANDRIA, La, !
Oct. 10, 1889. I

ALEXANDRIA, La,
Oct. is, 1889. :
The Eighth District Association, com
prising the Parishes of Rapides, Grant
and Avoyellcs, numbering 1850 leolored)
Baptisis, having determined to build a
High School at Alexandria, La author
lied its Executive Board to elect Board
of Trustees and to do other work neccs-
sary to carry fctHard their intentions.
The Board as elected consists OF Revs. ii.
c. Foster, President; FL. B. B. Brown,
Collecting Agent; G. l.. Robert, II X
Barrett. l. Thomas, r.. w. Latham, Jos.
Randall, A. NJ. Newman, with several re
preventative white gentlemen, viz: DIR. h.
G. Mitchell, Leland University, New Or
leans; John EweH, Evergreen; W. }. s.
johnson. Cheneyvilte; Col. L. G. Ran
dolph, Paramount; Hon. X. p. Hunter
and Major Geo. O. Watts, Alexandria
DR.. d w. Haas, Bunkie; (which Nc
hope will commend the enterprise to the
| good thinking people everywhere, ant
that they will give to the enterprise sucl
| influence and assistance as is necessary t
its success. The Board has also appoint
ed IL general collecting agent to tako sub
scriptions and money for the enterprise
II. i. N. BROWN,
Secretary Board.
~ Other particulars may be had b,
correspondence with the Secretary OF tn
Board, Alexandria, La.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

" Incorporated by the Legislature
for Educational and Charitable purposes,
and its franchise made u part of the pres
ent State Constitution, III 1879, by an over
whelming popular vote.
Eys ITS GRAND EXTRAORDINARY
DRAWINGS take place SeHi-Annually.
(June and Decemher,o and its GRAND
SINGLE NUMBER DRAWINGS take
place in eacl, of the other ten months i'll
the year, and are all drawn in pnblic,at
ting Academy of Music. New Orleans, La.
Jfe do hereby certify that re supervise the
arrangements for all the monthly and semi
annual drawings Of the La. State lottery
Company, and in person manage and control
the drawings themselves, and that the same
are conducted 'cith honesty, fairness, and IN
good faith to,uard all parties, and ,ue author.
iSe the Company to use this certificate, 'citl
fac smile Of our signatures attached, IN it
advertisements,
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
Is Consumption Incurable ?

Read the following: Mr.. C. H. Morris,
Newark, Ark, says: WAS down with alb
scess of lungs, aud friends and physicians
pronounced me an ineurable consnmp.
tive. Began taking DR.. Kings New Dis
coyery fod consumption, am now on my
third bottle, and able to oversee the work
on my farm. 1t is the finest medicine
ever made" jesse Mlddlewart, Decatur
Ohio, says: Had it not been for Dr.
Kings New Discovery for consumption
wonld have died of lung troubles. Was
given mp by doctors. Am now in best oil
health" Try it. Sample bottles free at
Jacob Geiger's.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
RE OPENING
OF THE
Eclipse Livery Stable
Nsls Taylor, -.paoprietoz

TrHIs Is TO INFORM NY FORMER
i patrons aud the public in general,
that / have again opened the Eclipse
Livery Stable, on Third street, IN the
rear of the City Hall, and am now ready
for business l have just purchased sew
eral horses, and the necessary baggies
and carriages, to which will keep add
ing, until my outfit is complete III every
particular. To horse or mule drovers
offer the largest and most convenient
pens in the Town. My terms will he III
conformity to the times. A liberal share
eff the public's patronage is all | ask OF
demand. NELSON TAYLOR.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

My harness and saddles are made
bv the most reliable mechanics in the
United States, and my prices are IN
der all competitors. Figures don't
lie. Come aud see for yourself.
CuAs. ". CARRUTH.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
STATE OF LOUISIANA,
Parish OF Rapides--TwelfGth judicial
District Court.
MICHAEL WEIGH BAlLL1o
VS.. NO. oOo0.
His CREDITORS.

SURRENDER.
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN TO THE
IN creditors of Michael Welch Baltic,
a resident of Rapides Parish, Louisiana,
aud Il planter, has made q voluntary sur
render of his property for the benefit of
his creditors, and filing Herewith u
schedule of his debts and assets, which
said surrender has been accepted by tho
Honorable the Judge of the Twelfth Jn-
dicial District Court in and for Rapides
Parish, Louisiana, aud that all further
proceedings against either the person or
property of said Michael WEIGH Baltic
have been stayed that a meeting OF his
creditors will be held before and at the
Office of L. l.. Hooe, Notary Public, in the
town Of Alexandria, Rapides Parish, Lou
isiana, on the 18th day of November, a.
d. 1889, for the purposeEof explaining ex-
actly the ameunt of their respective
claims and to vote for and elect a syndlc
to administer the property surrendered.
{ -~) Witness the Honorable the
l.. S. Judges, w. +. Blackman and
i~~} a. Y. Coco, of said Court, and
given under my hand and seal of said
Court, on this the 18th day of October,
A. y. 1889. GEO. o. WATTS,
A true copy: clerk.
GEo. o. WATTS, Clerk.
Oct. 3030d.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
$50 90

By consent of the Council Edward
We'll was granted an extension OF
time to the lst day of December ne.rt,
in which to pay certain delinquent
taxes due for the years 1887 and 1883
Mr.. Ernest NJ. Loeb, representing
Louis Schwartz, of New Orleans, was
granted an interview with the Council
for the purpose Of explaining his me-
thods of constructing water works for
the town, and also his facilities for
furnishing material for the building
of snch.
By motion the Council organized
itself into a committee OF the whole,
and decided to meet in special session
at 3 o'clock p. M, Wednesday, No.
vcmber 9th, to consider the advisable.
ity, practicabiity and means of estab
fishing water works for the Town o.
Alexandria.
There being no further business the
Council adjourned.
THOS. CRAWLEY,
r. W. BRlNGHURsr, Mayor.
Secretary pro TEN.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

Everybody is taking great inter
est in tie Fair to be given at the Ors-
born Hotel, on Wednesday and Thurs
day, Nov. 18th and 18th, for the ben
eft of St. James Chnrcb bell fund.
Be sure aud attend. 1t Will be mag
nifcent affair.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

"A fine assortment Pickles, in the
jar, key aud barrel, just received a,
Rosentha's. Also Bnckwheat, Syrup
and Molasses, Choice Creamery But.
ter, best in Town.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

Don't forget the Fair to be given
on Nov. 18th and 18th, for the beneti,
of St. James Church bell fund.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

The following. bills were consider
ed, approved and certificates of in,
debteduess were ordered to be issued
for the payment of the same, to-wi':
Thomas Crawley, Mayors salary. $50 90
H. NJ. HUE, Marshall salary. ...... 80 w
James Graham, Custodian Fire En-
giue Observation-Disclosures 40 90
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
Man Is But of Few Days.

Man is but of few days and full of mala-
ria in some districts, unless he keeps free
from such maladies by taking Certain
Chill Cure the only pleasant remedy for
fever, ague and biliousness, Warranted.
Sold by Jacob Geiger.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
CAPITAL PRIZE,
100000.
LIST OF PRIZES

100000 Tickets at 500; Halves $40; Quar-
ters 10; Teaths 81; Twentieths 81.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

nWNERs OF LAND IN THIS PARISH
" who desire to sell or rent them at
reasonable rates, are offered an opportu-
nifty, by addressing us, of disposing of
them. NO CHARGE whatever unless we
sell or rent the land for the owner. For
terms and particulars apply to or address
HUNTER s. CAMMACK.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

BOOKS, postage, ana lmpIbMehIS, Used
in the different branches Of education,
are charged according to current prices.
No particular costume is required for
school days, only great neatness and sim
plicity OF dress are enforced.
Every three months a report will be
sent to parents or guardians, informing
them of the health and proficiency OF
their pupils.
For further particulars address
SISTER SUPERIOR,
Divine Providence Convent, Alexand.
ria, La. 81 I'm
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
OFFICIAL.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CITY
COUNCIL.

ALEXANDRIA, La,
Nov. 4, 1889.
The City Council met in regular ses-
sion this 4th day of November, 1889,
at the Exchange Hotel.
Members present
Thos. Crawley, Mayor,
Joseph Fellows,
Jacob Irving,
Il. w. Bringhurst,
j. a. Johnston,
II. S. Gossens.
Meeting called to order by the Ma
yor-all the members present.
In the absence of the Secretary, u.
NJ. Radcliffe, r. w. Bringhurst was
chosen Secretary pro TEN.
Reading of the minutes of the last
meeting were dispensed with
The Treasurer's report was read and
approved, showing balance on hand
to this date Of Sl95 30.
Warrants Nos. 1924, 1925, 1926
1927 and 1896, issued in payment OF
expenses of the month of September
and having been paid by the Treasn
rer, amounting in the aggregate tt
ISl56.O7, were examined and destroyed
Bills for the month of October, a:
follows, were rendered, approved an'
ordered to be paid out Of the cash OF
hand, to-Hit:
julius Levin, lumber bill for the .
| streets ....,........... qoo y
J C Gouldcn, glazing window in
engine room. .................. "
Henry Aiklay, street work. ....... % 4
Bob Jones, street work .........., 10
Il Webster, night police, Sept.
and Oct. OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. I
John Kerrigan, night police...... Is .
H NJ HUE, incidental expenses for .
October ...... ................. III
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

"A Washington special of the 18th
inst. says: Ex-President Cleveland
was interviewed last night on the cleo
ton. results. at is evident" said he
"that the leaven of tariff reform has at
last leavened the whole lump. The
West, which has suffered the most
from the unjust burden of tariff taxa-
ton, has awakened. The State plat
forms of both Iowa and Ohio were
abreast of the St, Louis platform on
the subject of tariff reform. The peo-
pie have considered and passed judy
ment. 1t was for the people to de
eide. They are now deciding. 1t is
enough for me to say that I am salts
fled at the Indications and results OF
Tuesdays elections. The verdict in
Virginia indicates that the South is
still faithful to the Democratic party
of Jefferson and Jackson"
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13

AN honest Swede tells his story in
plain but unmiStnkable language for the
benefit Of the public. Gone of my chill
dren took severe cold and got the Group.
/ gave her teaspoonful of Chamberlain's
Cough Remedy, and in five minutes later
| gave her one more, BY this time she
had to cough up the gathering in her
throat. Then she went to sleep and slept
good for fifteen minutes. Then she got
up and vomited; then she went back to
bed and slept good for the remainder of
the night. She got the Group the second
night and gave the same remedy with
the same good results. write this be-
cause thought there might be some one
in the same need and not know the true
merits of this wonderful Incidence
Charles A. Thompson, Des Moines, Iowa
Fifty cents bottles for sale by L. j.
Sullivan.
The Louisiana Democrat. [volume] (Alexandria, La.) 1845-1918, 1889-11-13
TERMS:
PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

Tuition and Washing, per
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-11-15
LOxG VALLEY NEWS.
Fespie Want HtatehOod-Gmprove
mcnfs Going On : Surveys and Other
Items.


The Long valley lyceum, which has
become fixed institution, has again
started up, to continue through the
long and tedious winter months. Be
sides this, there being large num-
ber Of young men and ladies there, q
dance takes place each week. These
meetings Of culture and amusement
take place in the public hall, which is
now completed. 1t is commodious,
being 40x24 feet in size.
Crops were very good this year,
when the dryness Of the season IS
considered.
Surveyors are at work. They
commenced at the lower township
line, aud have the valley surveyed
up distance of twelve miles. They
expect to complete the work to the
upper end of the valley before driv-
en- out by snow storms.
Two mills are running and the
lumber is sold as fast as manufactured.
Everybody is putting more or less i'm
provements on their farms.
The population of the valley is now
between 800 and 900, and the health
OF the settlements is exceedingly
good, not one case of sickness being
reported.
Two schools are running, with
large attendances.
A petition asking for a daily mail
from Boise City to Van Wyck is cir
cuIating. AS the people receive
large mails they ought to have them
daily. Two postoffices have hecn es-
tahlished, one on Warm Spring creek
and the other above Lake Fork. The
routes have not yet been established.
Union Pacific railroad viewers
passed through the valley last week,
looking out route to Northern
Idaho.
Although but ninety nine votes
were cast Oh the 9th inst, the peo-
pie are solidly in favor of Statehood.
Many did not vote simply because
there was nothing political or excit-
ing to bring them to the polls.
A grist mill will be erected at The
Falls, on the east side of the river.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-11-15
DISTRICT COURT PROCEEDlNGs
WEDNESDAY, NOV. 18th.

WEDNESDAY, NOV. 18th.
The following Grand Jury was
called and impanneled: Ben 7. Da-
Wis, VIM. Lass, Fred Small, VIM.
Frv, Louis Garrecht, J. B. Emery, A.
Dunlap, A. Gibbs, q. 7. Keys, A.
Benson. VIM. Sweet, H. Oakes, Jos.
Poncia, A. S. Kyle, A. Strauss and
Tim Buckley.
Territory VS.. Nicholas Huber; dis
missed on account of defendants
death.
Arrangements were made as fol-
lows:
Territory VS.. Daniel Carroll.
Territory VS.. Ben Ninemier, three
indictments.
John Fitzgerald VS.. Eliza Fitzger-
aid; default ordered; referred to
Clerk.
Eliza A. Scadden VS.. Sam'l Scad.
den; default ordered; referred to
Clerk.
Emma Gottsch vs.. Henry Gottsch ;
default ordered; referred to Clerk.
r. H. Robb VS.. I. c. Webster;
demurrer withdrawn.
" IN. Mcclellan admitted to citi-
zenship.
Jeremiah Hanifan VS.. John Mann;
demurrer overruled.
Jeremiah Hanifan VS.. Philip Zim-
mer; demurrer ovsrruled.
Myer & Smith vs.. P. N. Hanlon
demurrer overruled.
THURSDAY, NOV. 14rH.
Eliza Scadden VS.. Saml Scadden;
decree of divorce ord, red.
Territory VS.. Daniel Carroll; de.
murrer to indictment overru.ed; de-
fendant pleads not guilty.
Nancy J. Skinner VS.. David r.
Skinner; case dismissed on plaintiffs
motion.
G. G. Havird VS.. Boise county;
case submitted on briefs.
Grand Jury came in and presented
one true bill.
Territory VS.. VIM. Warmer; De
fendant arraigned and takes until the
10Th TO plead; Z. S. Kingsley ap-
pointed counsel for defendant.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-11-15
Notice to Creditors.

Estate of n Huber deceased.
Notice is hereby given by the under
signed. administrator of the estate of n
Huber, deceased, to the creditors of and
all persons having claims against the said
deceased. TO exhibit them with the neees-
sary vouchers. within ten months after
the first publication of this notice to the
said administrator, at his office, in post
Office building, the same being the place
for the transaction of the business Of said
estate, in said county of Boise.
8. C. SILSBY,
Administrator of the estate of N. Huber,
deceased
Dated this. sth day of Nov, 1889
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-11-15
srArEMOoD AND nlAixs.

The Idaho City correspondent Of
the New York Sun, under date oi
Oct. 25th. has this to say Of State
hood and mineral industry:
Son November 5th Idaho will
vote on the adoption of the State
Constitution adopted by the Conven-
ton last July. 1t will be adopted by
: very large vote, because all feel
that with Statehood will come capi-
tai for investment in our mines. In
vestors feel that their property would
be better protected and their invest
ments safer under State than q
Territorial Government. Under the
proposed Constitution capital invest
ed in mines is especially protected,
which was wise foresight in the
members Of the Conveation. The
mining sections are particularly anx-
ious for Statehood, and they will ap-
peal earnestly at the coming session
OF Congress for our immediate ad-
mittancs. We feel that the mineral
sections, which includes all of the
great country west OF the Rocky
Mountains, should be better repre-
sented in the national Legislature.
Our population is now nearly 5O,0OO,
and the Territory is fully prepared,
both in population and rapidly in
creasing wealth, to maintain State
hood in . manner that would do
credit to many old States"