Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1889-11-01
USES OF PHOTOGR APHY.
Tho Value ~ the Art to Scientists, Me-
chaulci AID Military Men.

extent. DIV but a few hours need pass
before the thought of the artist is made
the JOY OF tho reader, drawing, photo
graphic copy, relief plate, and printing
following ono another with nineteenth
century speed From the coarse outline
OF the newspaper cut to the wonder
ful reproduction OF paintings by the
photogravure process we mount on
stepping-stones of victorious achieve
ments in photography. made to serve
with reliable accuracy the common and
the elevated. the political cartoon and
the edition dc lure. The reproductions
in color of the works of aquarellistes are
imitatively deceptive and their educa-
tional influence OF incalculable value.
The uses to which science has put
photography are very numerous from
records of the infinitely little to the in
finitely great. from microscopy, which
deals with the invisible. to the vastness
OF astronomical wonders. The latest
contribution to our knowledge OF the
sun, moon and stars made by photo
graphs taken by the aid of the power
full telescope at the Lick Observatory
strongly contrast with the researches
into the invisible world Of nature re-
vealed through the microscope. DR..
Draper made the first daguerreotype Of
the moon in 1910; Foucault, OF Paris,
first succeeded in making picture OF
the sun in 1915; and it was 1850 before
Prof Bond, OF Harvard College,
made the first daguerreotype of star.
In 1851 DR.. Busch, OF Koenigsberg,
photographed u solar eclipse. Two
scientists, Prof. Schuster and Mr.
Lockyer, in 1882 obtained photograph
Of the spectrum of the eclipssd sun. Ia
1881 DIR. Henry Draper had successful
ly photographed a nebula, and later
the spectrum OF a star. Even the
aurora borealis has been photographed
this year.
In connection with the study OF spec
trum analysis. photography has played
a most import part, for it has recorded
| lines not visible to the naked eye
lines revealed only by the photograph
in that part OF the spectrum in the vio-
let and lavender regions, and even be-
yond. where all is dark to us.
In the study OF stars by this pro-
cedure we learn how some are like our
sun, others glowing masses OF matter
/ just beginning to burn, and still others
nearly burnt out like Arcturus and AL
debaran. We marvel, when we think
how feeble seems the light of the stars,
TO learn that only rs much light can
come through slit 1850 of an inch as
is permitted to affect the sensitive
plate Again, the movement OF the
earth would in the two hours required
TO form an image soon carry the light
off the plate were there not ingenious
mechanical apparatus by which the i'm
age Is always kept at the same place on
the plate.
And now photography is not only
used for mapping out the known heav-
ems, but the camera reveals to us the
presence OF stars which the human eye
has not seen. For many years Miss
Maria Mitchell and her assistants have
photographed the ever changing sun
spots. Astronomers from all over the
world have met in Paris and arranged
plan for using photography to OBJ
tain a picture of the entire heavens.
Cameras Will be set up in numbers of
observatories in many countries, and
many negatives made Of the entire con-
tents of the universe. 1t is proposed to
catalogue two millions OF the brightest
stars and note their position with great
precision. as until such maps exist
many other astronomical problems can
not be solved. We know. for instance,
that our sun with its planetary system
is voyaging through space. These
charts will help determine the route
and circumstances of the journey
! In war photography has been used
since the English made pictures in the
Crimea. Balloon photography has be-
come quite an art. Balloons are said
TO be perfectly safe from rifle or artillery
fire if seven hundred yards above the
ground. Electricity is made to play its
part in exposing the plate in the camera
attached to the balloon. During the
TfdDCO-I fuSSldU war anu the siege
of Paris small Photographic copies
OF valuable documents and daily papers
were made and rolled up into quilts.
which were fastened to carrier-pigeons,
and thas taken to their destination with
out tie lines.
The Eiffel Tower in Paris has beer
offered to Prof. Marcy to enable him to
make studies in photography of birds II
flight; and very instructive results are
, anticipated.
Both in our army and navy photo.
graphic outfits are furnished, and some
Of our officers have become very expert
Photography may be applied to survey
, ing. as Lieutenant Reed, OF the United
| States army, has described 1t may
, also serve for studies in meteorology
{ Photographing ri1e-bullets and cannon
! balls in motion has become an every
+, day matter. but novel experiment i:
;. said to have been made not long sinos
!, in Berlin by Prof. Treason. whc
J arranged within cannon ball sdf