Morning journal and courier., 1889-03-09
YALE NOTES.
Lecture On Military Science - Yale
 Columbia Freshman Race.
 mi. coz,.L 1ooxz.. .Lo a1,..,o o, NH;

Lecture On Military Science - Yale
 Columbia Freshman Race.
 The fourth lecture in the course on Mili-
 tary Science was delivered in North Shef-
 field hall yesterday afternoon by Lieutenant
 H. L. Newcomers. His subject was "Light,
 Siege and Sea Coast Artillery" He said in
 brief: The weapons generally used in light,
 siege and and sea coast artillery are guns,
 mortars and howitzers. gun is long,
 heavy arm, throwing a heavy, solid pro-
 jectile and using large amount of powder. A mortar, however, is it's very opposite, be- ing short and light, requiring a small amount of powder and throwing shells. At the present time in some cases the names howitzer and mortar may both be used as applying to the same piece, the only differ ence being that the howitzer shoots horizon tally, while the mortar throws it's projectile vertically. In the olden time great damage was done to the wooden ships then in use by shells penetrating their sides and then
 bursting. In order to prevent this, steel armour for vessels was introduced. At the present time nearly every man-of-war is
 protected by this steel armour, one
 of the largest of which which has s steel 291s inches thick. With the increase in strength of the protection larger guns have been built. In England they are now con templating building 156 ton gun calculated to be capable of piercing 42.7 inches of
 wrought iron. When oblong projectiles were used great difficulty was found in making them go in the direction of their length, which result is necessary in order to make them fly straight. However, this was accom- plished by the discovery of making rifed guns. A rifled gun has a spiral groove in the bore, the groove being either of uniform or increasing twist. Usually the use of the groove with an increasing twist has less strain on the piece and is therefore more generally used.
 To France belong the honor of first intro- ducing breech-loading guns. Breech-loading guns may be made of much greater length than the old muzzle loading. The Krupp and interrupted groove are two types of breech- loading guns. In the manufacture of guns cast and wrought iron and high and low steel are used. Iron and steel are also some times combined, but have recently been found to make the guns too heavy and un- wieldy. Now guns are made entirely of steel. There are two classes of guns, cast and built up guns, the latter being made up of many pieces put together. In firing gun it is subjected to 8 number of diff ferent strains. These are tangential, longi- tudinal, transverse and compression strains. The tangential strain increases inversely as the square of the distance from it's axis, and If the gun resists this strain it can resist all the others. The lecture closed with an in teresting account of the Gatling and other rapid firing guns.
 The next lecture in the course will be de- livered on Monday by Lieutenant J. G. War ren. The subject will be tField and per manent Notifications; their attack and de- fense."
 The following communication has been received from the captain of the Columbia freshman crew in regard to the challenge to
 row the Yale freshman crew at New London next June
 March 5, 1889. MT. A. H. Swayne:
 Dear Sir-I have received your note and
 the challenge and will let you know as soon
 as the boat club has come to any decision.
 At present nothing has been settled. Very sincerely yours, EVERETT P. SMITH.