Arizona weekly citizen., 1889-06-15
TUCSON IN l847.
of a Pioneer--How the
 Town Looked--DescriptiOn of the Fort.--Battles and Losses with the
 Indians--A Pioneer Woman's Grave.

Judge F. Adams of San Louis Obispo Cal, partner of MT. Frank Proctor, ii in the city. Judge Adams is an old pioneer, the oldest in fact in Arizona to day. He was first here in 1S47 wher Tucson was Mexican garrison. A com mand of sixty men under Lieut.. Schoon maker left Fort Bliss, Texas, as bearer of dispatches to General Kearney, ther in California. They reached Tucson II November and attempted to take the fort, but having neither cannon tC knock it now nor ladder to scale the walls they were obliged to content themselves with holding the town which consisted of about 9 families attatched to the Mexican garrison stationed here.
 ONE WALLED SQUARE
 constituted the town proper. This square was about 300 yards in extent and was walled solidly about. The rear end or side of every house was built in to and against the wall, with the doors, windows there were none, opening into the interior plaza. The mode of in gress and egress was through two i'm mense doors made of heavy timber put solidly together. The rear of the houses adjoining the wall were built four or five feet higher than tEe front or sides .and thus afforded an effective breast work to shoot from in case of an attack. The fort was also walled square about 250 feet in diameter. It was situated about 300yards from.the town square. It was built of adobe. The walls were about F feet high and were commanded
 BY TWO FASHIONS
 situated at opposite corners and so con- structed as to infilade the walls from the point of each angle. They were supplied with one small cannon, which however did no damage. The attacking party could do nothing but ride around the walls as the garrison refused to come out. In this class of manouvering they had mule killed and that made up the total sum of casualties on both sides. The Americans pitched their camp by one of the big gates of the town and to guard against surprise stationed pickets both inside and out. On the 4th day they were joined by detail of five men from Fort Bliss who had been sent after them to order their recall. On the fifth day they begun the return march up the Santa Cruz, followed by the Mexi- can garrison. When between Tucson and San Xavier they
 SURPRISED CAMP.
 of three Apaches, and killed them. They killed another near San Xavier. and still another at or near the CanOa. The Mex ican garrison made great show of pur suing them, but whenever the Ameri- cans faced about they would scamper back in the direction of the town at a great rate. Judge Adams said he sub learned that the garrison claimed to have won a great victory, but if they did it consisted largely in keep ing out of the way.
 In April 1S49 in company with a party of Texans under command of Capt. They camped one night on the Mimbres river in New Mexico, when they were attacked by the Apaches and a portion of their stock stolen. They followed the Apaches into the Mimbres where
 ILL LUCK STILL WAITED
 on them. In a fight that followed cap tain Schoomakre and six men were kill ed and the balance of their stock taken. They then cached their provisions and footed it back to Fort Bless.
 At this post General Marcy was out fitting to survey the boundry line be- tween the United States and Mexico. MT. Adams joined his command as a private, and was at once assigned to the division of typographical engineers. The company to which he belonged consisted of 31 men, there being less than hundred mon in the entire force. They broke camp June l, 1849, and headed for Cow Springs; thence they marched to the headquarters of the Gila where they established the initia- tory monument. From this point their course lay down the Gila which they fol lowed to its confluence with the Cobra do. From the beginning to the ending it was nothing but
 ONE CONTINUAL WAGE OF WAR. The Apaches had left the higher grounds and were camped along the river bot tom At the big bend of the Gila some 90 or 60 miles above Solomonville, they lost 14 men, another was lost short dis tance above where Solomonville now stands, another at the mouth of the San Pedro, still another at the Cienega, an- other at Gila Bend and another near where Tacna station now is, and so they dwindled down till at the crossing of the Colorado but six men remained out of the company that had started out with joyous hopes from Fort Bliss thirty one strong, but couple of months be- fore. The missing 9, including Lieut. Henry, commanding the company, brave frontier men had died at the hands of the Indians. Some had fallen in battle others had been killed while hunting a short distance from the troop. The other divisions of the command suffered proportionately.
 At the crossing of the Colorado the Yumas disputed the passage with great obstinacy and held the troops 13 days. killing seven men and running of what ever stock they had left. The Indians also suffered severely, losing as one of them afterwards told MT. Adams, 47 men and for a long time subsequently, others continued to die of the wounds received in attempting to resist the white mans crossing.
 At Antelope Peak, on the Gila near Tacna, they found the body of white woman. She was lying in the brush on the river bank. She had evidently