davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

RYE, CLOVER, SHEEP: ROTATION.
If farm is running down and the
owner getting poor, there is no rotation
which Will turn the tide in his favor
than the one mentioned above. The
land Is plowed in August, and rye, at
the rate of five pecks to the acre, Is
sown. In September we sow timothy
seed, and in March sow a liberal supply
of clover, which terminates very early
and by August is in the height of its
glory. Then the sheep are turned In
and the plot OF ground will not run
down" unless overstocked. When this
sheep pasture is plowed up and planted
TO corn, a wonderful change will be
noticed. Two crops of corn, one of
oats, then back 10 rye, clover, and sheep
again, completes the rotation.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23
FARM NOTES.
CAN FARMERS AFFORD THE BEST

CAN FARMERS AFFORD THE BEsrP
Can the farm provide of its best for
the family table and also be profitably
conducted on the surplus? This is a
question frequently asked, but rarely
answered. Too many farms are run on
the principle that the best of the pro-
duce must be marketed and the residue
consumed at home. 1t is certainly
false economy to feed frozen or decaying
vegetables to either family or live stock.
II crop has suffered, the first loss is
the least; get the bad portions quickly
out of the way and guard another year
against like loss. On dairy farms
where butter is made at home, no sec
ond grade Of quality can be pardoned:
the competition is now so keen that
only top prices remunerate the dairy
farmers; therefore the family should
have the best butter in the land. When
poultry are bred and fattened for mar
ket purposes, the owners should literally
feast on fat things. On a poultry
farm, lean chickens, starving turkeys,
and flabby ducks, together with gaunt
geese, should be unknown. When Spring
chickens a'e worth fifty cents per
pound and early ducks fetch twenty
live and thirty-cents per pound, a fat
capon worth twenty cents per pound
can grace the home tab'e. There is no
wisdom in meanness at home. and plac-
ing on the market an inferior article,
because such is more readily produced.
A high standard for everything pro-
duced makes home more cheerful and
swells the profit at the close of the year.
Good land well cultivated, good stock
well kept, and the farm home literally
supplied, tend in themselves to enrich
the farmer and to advance the widest
interests in the community.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

BRUSH FOR SWEET PEAs.-What-
ever may be said in favor of fancy trel-
llses for climbing pants, it is fact
that the sweet pea really seems to do
better when given brush to Chamber
over than it will on any other support
that We have ever provided for it. 1t
seems to have a decided. objection to
anything formal. 1t will not cling TO a
string we'll 1t must have something
TO lean upon rather than cling about.
II you want late flowers, be sure to
keep your plants from forming any
seed, and cut the tops back very nearly
one-half in August, giving, at the same
time, good top dressing of manure.
We are glad to notice that this fine old
flower IS becoming favorite with those
who have hitherto thought nothing so
desirable as rCses and other flowers of
that class.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

An ELM TREE PEsT.-A singular
discovery has been made in AnsOnia,
Conn, by Warden Wheeler. He finds
that the deaths of elm trees occurring
in alarmingly large numbers in that
borough are not due to electricity, as
has been supposed, but TO the depreda-
uons OF white insect about one-quar-
ter Of an inch long and no thicker than
the ordinary brass pin He made the
discovery by accidentally knocking off
the bark OF recent victim of the pest.
other trees were then visited and were
found to be similarly afflicted. 1t is
feared that the pest will spread over the
state, as Connecticut is covered with
beautiful elms.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

The amount of honey to expect from
hive cannot be estimated by the num-
Der of bees in the colony, but upon the
advantages possessed by the bees for
working. During long spells or wet
weather the bees can do no work, nor
can they fill the combs unless they have
ample opportunity upon which to work.
There must be bloom of some kind or
there will he but little honey.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

A GENTLEMAN IN passing along the
street was approached by a beggar who
solicited aims. He had a family he
said, and they had had nothing to eat
for two days.
The gentleman conducted him to a
bakers and bonght loaf of bread.
which he attempted to tuck under the
mendicant's arm.
Repelling the offer the latter cried.
Do you suppose 1 want to be taken for
a laboring mani"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

SToCKMEN who have made obserya-
tions in feeding swine are claiming that
some of the breeds have lost vigor by
long-continued feeding of corn as an
exclusive food. Corn is deficient in
mineral matter, especially of lime, and
the use of corn leads to degeneracy.
Only by a varied diet can the vigor be
maintained Injudicions feeding leads
to disease and loss.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

BUTTERMILk BEEAD.--To two
quarts OF flour add four teaspoonfuIs
each OF cream tartar and soda, with one
teaspoonful of salt. and sift twice. Add
one or two large spoonfuls of sour
cream, and mix with buttermilk to a
soft dough, knead lightly, divide into
three loaves, let them rise at the back
of the range till twice the original
hight IN the bread-tins, ard bake in
a moderately heated over.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

CHICKEN IIEEsE.-Boil two chick
ems III water enough to make them ten
der; take them out when done: remove
all the bones; mince the meat very fine;
season with salt, pepper and butter,
and return them TO the water in which
they were boiled; cook until the liquid
IS nearly gone; pour into a deep dish;
lay plate over it, put on a weight, and
set away in cool place. When ready
to be eaten, cut it in slices, and it will
be as firm as cheese, and is very nice
for tea.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23
Tonight and To-,Iorrow S,.,.

And each day and night during the week
you can get at all druggists Kemp's Bal
sam for the Throat and Lungs, acknowl-
edged TO be the most successful remedy
ever sold for the cure of Coughs, Group,
Bronchitis, Whooping Cough, Asthma,
and Consumption. Get a bottle to-idu and
keep ii always in the house, so you can
check your cold a. once. Price soc and 81.
Sample bottles free
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

DR. j. S. COMBS, Owensville, Ohio, saws:
have given SCOTS Emulsion of Cod Liver
OIL with Hypophosphites 10 four patients
with better results than seemed possible
with any remedy. All were hereditary
that stage when Coughs, PAIN in the chest.
frequent breathing, frequent pulse, fever
and amaciation. All these cases have in
creased in weight from l6 to % lbs, and
are not now needing any medicine"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

1T Is WELL to remind turkey-raisers
that 1t is not the large turkeys that
bring the highest prices, but those of
medium size and IN good condition.
The large turkeys will excel in weight,
but the smaller, plump, fat turkeys
sell at higher rates per pound. The
quality and condition are the prime
factors. Begin feeding the turkeys in
the barnyard, and give them all the
grain they Will eat.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

BEEF RIsSoLEs.-Mince and season
cold beef, and flavor it with mushroom
or walnut catchup. Make Of beef drip
ping very thin paste, roll it out in
thin pieces, about four inches square
lnclose in each piece some of the mince
in the same way as for puffs, cutting
each neatly all round; fry them in drip
ping of very light brown. The paste
can scarcely be rolled out too thin.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

THOUGHTS BETWEEN PUFFs.-
Warnings against juvenile cigarette
smoking are best sounded with a
Shingle.
Gladstone couldn't learn to smoke
when he was young, yet during his
career he has caused many mighty men
to do so.
1t may have been the devil that ''sow-
ed the seed" but rehgionists of all de-
nominations reap the harvest of the
weed with careful labor.
If you sell or give minor a cigarette
or paper and tobacco out of which to
make one in Georgia you become a law
breaker.
Porter-There's man in the smoker
who says he won't go into an ul.pr.
berth cause his life amt insured.
CcnductOr-If he's got s. TO fool
away for his life put him in the direct
ors' car.
An old maid, who has read abou
the recent invention of smokeless pow
der, thinks that some one ought to in-
vent smokeless tobacco.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

As THE grass decreases give hay to
the cows, thus gradually making the
change from green food to dry food. If
the change is made suddenly the COWS
Will sail off in milk. AS an assistance
to the green food (which will soon be-
come scarce) give sliced turnips beets or
carrots.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

EVERY DAY CAKE.--One egg, one
and half cupfuls of molasses, one
half cupful of brown sugar, one and a
half cupfuls of sour milk, two-thirds of
a cupful of melted lard and butter, one
and half teaspoonfuls of soda, one
half teaspOonfuI each of cinnamon. all
spice and cloves, stoned raisins. Bake
III loavrs rather slowly. CurranIs or
citrOn may be added if desired.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

CREAM BIsCUIT.-One and a half
quarts of flour, three teaspoonfuls each
of cream tartar and soda, one teaspoon
full of salt, three large tablespoonfuls of
thick sour cream, and buttermilk TO
mix lightly. knead as little as possi-
bic, and bake in hot oven.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

Tie first astronomical Photograph
was Daguerrean picture of the sun,
which was taken in FTanqe iy FizealI
and Foucault OH April 2. 1S45. This
was soon followed by photographs of
the moon, obtained In the United
States BY rutherford, and in England
by Warren de Ia Rue. Later still Ruth
erford and Gould obtained Photographic
charts of the stars, and Drap + sue
ceeded In photograplIiLg the great neb-
ula of Orion. In 1881 the first photo
graph of a comet, with his tail, was
secured at Mendon, France. The pho
iographic plate is now of the astrono-
mer's important instruments of inves-
tigation, enabling him TO pres erve
accurate records of celestial phenom-
ena, and showing him many details in
the appearance of the heavenly bodies
which even the most powerful tele.
scopes fail 10 reveal to the eye.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

A GOOD IDEA.-Have you heard the
atest news?
B.-No; what is 1t?
ou know Smith, the artist?
should say so. He is my worst
rival.
wen his wife has run off with a
freak out of a dime museum.
She has? That's all her husbands do
ihgs: That's one of Smiths ways of
getting himself advertised.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

GAVE UP HER CLAN1.-s.Di,ar-
p'Inted in Oklahoma?'' NARY disan-
pint" But what are you coming bIck
for with your family and siuT2,,
CANT cit no claimlr "Then how does
u happen you are not disappointed?,
wal, Betsey, she's allus preached It
they wa mt no other fool sech a blamed
iools be; but sense l tux her down
say" W
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

IHE horses on some of the stage
routes III Nevada are trained to wear
snow-shoes. After an animal becomes
used 10 them he can travel four or five
miles an hour where it would be i'm
possible TO get that distance in a week
without them. The shoes are made of
thin steel plate, and measure about nine
by eleven inch, S. The horses are shod
with long heel calks, which go through
the snow-shoes and prevent their slip
ping going up and down hill.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

RAISED CAKE.-Take two cupfuls
OF light dough, one cupful of butter,
two cupfuls of sugar, three eggs beaten
light, mix all well together and add
spice and fruit if desired, put in pan
and let stand until very light, then bake
as any other cake.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

LAME CHoPs.-Scrape the meat from
the end of the bone for an inch or two.
trim neatly; roll in melted butter and
broil over clear fire, turning until
done; remove to hot platter, and serve
with tomato sauce and mashed pota-
toes.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

SOME one has calculated that a honey
bee must insert its proboscis 500 times
into clover blossoms before one grain of
sugar can be obtained. AS honey con-
tains three-fourths its weight of dry
sugar each pound of honey represents
800, 900 insertions of the bees.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

MAKING SURE.-A little child wa,
taxing her last lessons before the hol-
DAYS began, and the teacher was trying
10 impress upon the child's mind that
siie was TO BE- su' and not forget it.
After Il moments thought. the child
exclaimed, 81 will remember. teacher
us long as L can, and when 1 forget /
will write il down on piece of paper. -
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

PEPPER NUTs.--Two cupfuls of
sugar, one cupful of butter, ole cupfuI
of sour cream, with two teaspoonfuls
of soda dissolved in it, four eggs, flour
enough to roll out thin; flavor with
nutmeg and cut any shape desired.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

according to the Boston Medical ana
StTyicdl Journal there is now living at
Penn Yam New York, a man who has
had bullet imbedded in his brain for
two years Before receiving the shot
he was dissOlute, morose and quarrel
some, but he has now become peacea-
bic, sober and industrious.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

A COMPREHENSIVE ORDER.-Mr.
Hyde (of Hyde & Tallow, Chicago)-
Waiter. want dinner"
Waiter-"Will re gentleman haf
table d'hote or a la carte?''
Mr.. Hyde-''Bring me a little of
both and have 'em put lots or gravy on
il ,,
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

EXCULPATING Observation-Disclosures
lreturned from her summer vacation.
to her cook)-''I hear that you have
Deen entertaining your soldier lover
mere. Didn't L forbid you entertaining
company in the kitchen during my ab-
sence?'
."Cook-"Yes, ma'am, but L took
him to the parlor."
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

SHREwD GENERALsHIP.-'' hear
you are going away for the summer,
Mrs. Satinet."
les for a few weeks at least"
81 shouldn't think GU would care to
leave Washin8 ton. l am sure you will
find no more comfortable place"
"Oh, | know that. 1t is a dreadful
bore to go anywhere else"
Then why do you go?''
well I'll tell you, Sh. You see,
have found splendid family to take
my house while L am gone, and-and-
Sh.-'he lady is as neat as a pin -
and -
We'll, Mrs. Satinet?''
well, you know, the red ants AMI
those other dreadful insects you
know the nasty things L mean
"Ie es. yes.'
"Well, they have got into my house,
and IN sure this lady viii have them
all killed off by the time come back.
L think Pm real lucky to get such a
good TENANT
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

a POOR but honest young women
who earns her living by working on
hoo-skirts, in reply to an inquiry stated
that she had spent the summer sat the
springs.'
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

The Gdzette Medicdle de = Algerfe calls
attention to a great number of facts
which appear TO show that cider drink
ers are not troubled with stone, and
that patients having this affection are
either cured or greatly relieved by that
beverage
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

The late Professor Jevons, in a treat
ise on the coal supply of Great Britain.
assigned to the year 1888 an output, on
the principle of estimation he adopted
of lIS, 10000 tons. The actual num-
ber of tons OF coal mined was 163,-
7JO, 600.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

LEMON PIE.-One egg, a cupful of
sugar, the juice of one lemon and two
large spoonfuls of cold water, a hand
ful OF raisins chopped fine; add a little
salt, and bake, between two crusts.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

There Is more experience, time, and brain
work represented in the preparation of Hoods
sarsaparilla than in any other medicine IL is
this which makes Hoods Sarsaparilla peculiar
in Its curative power, and in the remarkable
cures il effects. Give il a trial
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

The TRUTH AT LAsT.-Inkhorn ITO
lis employerl Gould you please let me
of this afternoon to 90 fishing, Mr..
Grinder!n Grinder (astounded)-
What! have you really buried your
last relatIve?''
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

LIGHT CAKE.-One cup of sugar,
one-half cup of butter; stir to a cream; !;
one half cup each OF corn starch and
muk, one cup -four, two teaspoonfuls
OF boxing powder and four eggs.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

The VEIN SHE WAS IN.-Papa
Which of your suitors do you think you
will accept, Maria, Jones or Smith?
Maria-Which would you favor.
papa?
Well, Smith has fine vein of humor,
But Jones has fine vein of anthra-
cite coal upon his farm. papa. l think
I'll take him.
Sensible grill
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

Whales were eaten by persons of the
upper classes IN Europe as late at least
as the latter part of the thirteenth GEN.
tury. The tail and tongue dressed
with peas or roasted were prized as
choice delicacies. The Princess Flea
nor de Montfort paid in 1866 the sum
of 24s. for 100 pieces OF whale" to be
used as food in her household.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

BOILED Fowls WITH ONION SAUCE.
Place couple of fowls trussed for
boiling, with an onion and a piece of
butter inside each, into a saucepan,
with sufficient water and three ounces
OF butter, couple of carrots, a bundle
of sweet herbs parsley, thyme and
celery. whole pepper and salt TO taste;
let them boil slowly till done-about
one hour. Serve with the sauce over
them.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

SMITH-"Those were miserabIy
small potatoes you sent up. You told
me that many of them would weigh
pound" BIown-''Yes, but 1 didn't
say how many it would require to weigh
Q pound"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

To render leather, paper, &C., imper-
meable, NM. Huleux and Dreyfuss
employ the following mixture: White
or yellow wax, first quality, 1000
grammes; Burgundy pitch, % grammes;
oil of arachide, 80 grammes; sulphate
of iron, 80 grammes, and essence of
thyme, 20 grammes. The quantity of
the ingredients may be varied for
special purposes.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

"WELL, doctor, how did you enjoy
your African journey? How did you
like the savages?" '-Oh, they are very
kind-hearted people; they wanted to
kee mep there for dinner.''
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

10 IS said that the flavor of maple
syrup may be communicated TO cane or
glucose sirup by tincture of guaiacum
deprived or its resin by precipitation
by water y great deal OF the maple
sugar and syrup now sold is said to be
nearly pure glucose prepared i'll this
way
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

At Bombay there will soon lie built,
through the muniiicence OF Mr.. Cum
moo Suleiman, a wealthy citizen of
that place, a dispensary where medical
relief Will be afforded to women by
doctors of their own sex. The Gov
ernment has promised TO give a site for
the building, and the Bombay Town
Council has recommended the CORPORA
ton t. contribute q, 900 rupees annually
for three years To meet current eX-
penSes.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

a netc bleaching process by ''paraf-
fine" promises to revolutionIZe the
bleaching business of the world. In
public experiments made recently in
Salem, Mass, unrotted field flax, Just
as cut from the field and dried. was
rendered snow white I'm forty minutes.
Successful tests upon Russian hemp in
the fibre and Russian and Irish flax i'll
fibre were also made. The old process
or bleaching takes from week to ten
days, the new one but a few hours. BY
the former method there is a loss in
weight Of from ten to twenty I,er cent,
and by this method almost nothing.
There Is no loss of fibre 10y the new
process. The cloth never mildews,
but on the contrary ordinary bleached
cloth that has mildewed may he puri-
fed In brief period. Dyed cloth re-
tains the color, which deepens rather
than fails when treated with the newly
discovered preparation. The cotton
silk thus treated yields a softer, nicer.
and In various respects better material
for the needs Of commerce than does
the cotton boil. Even the root of the
cotton plant can now be used for
threads and cloths. All iibrous growths,
II Is stated, will show after treatment
a hank of white tiossy fibre ready for
the splnners' cards or the paper-lnak.
ers' watts.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

Although Corrosive sublimate is gain
ing i'll favor among surgeons as an an
tiseptic, it is safe only in skillful
hands,
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23
Rupture ureyuaranfeed Inv

Or. j B. Mayer, 81 Arch ST., Phil's.
IA. Ease at once, no operation or de-
lay from business, attested by thou
sands of cures after others fail advic,
free, send for circular.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

MIsTREsS-"Why, Norah, how dusty
the chairs are!'' Maid-"Yes, mum.
there's nobody sat on them to-day.
mum -
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

Simply brush over the seed sown ON
the grass plot. Some seeds are very
small and light, and the harrow teeth
may cover them too much.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1889-10-23

Leaves are excellent for covering tur-
nip5 that are to be stored in mounds
during the winter.