Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-09-07
STREETS AND TRAsrwAYs.
How the Roadways are Paved and
Street Railroads Constructed Abroad.

How the Roadways are Paved and
Street Railroads Constructed Abroad.
OBSERVATIONS or SUPERINTENDENT OF SEWERS
EooxB N xxoLASD AND yRAScE-LrvEspool
TIE BEST PAVED crrY-How THEY DO N IN
rAaIs-rHs oHoovED RAN ABROAD.
During his recent visit to Europe superip-
tendent Of Sewers Daniel McComb, acting
under the direction Of Maj. Raymond, made
observations Of the roedways and tramways in
England and France and today submitted them
for his perusal
IN xNoLlsH CITIES.
In speaking Of the Liverpool standard pave
ment for rosdways he says they have q con-
crete base inches in depth, upon which il
spread layer Of sand inch thick, in which
the sets are bedded. This pavement, he says,
has been in use for six years and its reputation
for carriage ways ID well deserved, for
Liverpool, which is paved with it,
was the best paved city he saw.
ALI the tramways, he says, are owned and kept
In repair by the city and leased to operating
companie The rail used is similar to the
lexington rail, and the paving between the
rails is In all cases Of the same character a. the
paving Of the roadway. All city work Of con-
struction and repair is performed by day labor.
In Manchester, he says, the tramways have
grooved rails, and the paving between the rails
roadway. All the tramways are owned and
kept In repair and leased to the
operating. companies. The standard pave
ment is Of stone, the sets be-
ing 8 in. 1s in; on the showing face and in.
gravel flushed with pitch. In the business por-
ton of the city, he says, the blocks are laid
upon q concrete base, while in other portions
Of the city they are laid upon foundation of
ballast and einder. The street pavements are
kept in good order.
In Leeds, he says, there are three varieties
OF stone pavement in use. The paving be-
tween the rails of the tramways is Of the same
character as that Of the roadway, except upon
streets paved with sets Gin. xl5in., in which
cases the sets between the rails are either SINK
Gin. x6in. or Ain. x8in. x6in.
In Croydon George street has q single line of
tramway and is paved from curb to curb with
wood, including the space between the rails of
the tramway. In Birmingham, he says, the
streets are generally paved with stone block
Ess as .,s and the paving between the
general character as that Of the roadway,
except upon suburban streets having macadam
roadways, in which case the paving between
the rails and for space.2 feet exterior thereto
is paved with granite blocks Ain. xsin. Upon
one of the streets between Birmingham
and Stafford which has a macadam roadway
the space between the rails only is paved with
stone blocks, the macadam roadway being laid
up to the rail and throughout its length. The
macadam roadway was in good condition, with
no appearance OF rutting near the rail.
In London, he says, there are no tramways
In the city. But upon all streets with tram
ways visited in the metropolitan district the
character OF the pavement is the same from
curb to curb.
In Paris he reports that the Boulevard Male
sherbes and the Rue du Louvre is paved with
wood, the tramway between the tracks and
for about two feet exterior thereto being
paved with stone blocks. Along the Quais
the roadwsys are paved with stone blocks,
to curb, including the tramway space.
The Boulevard SAINT Jermain is paved with
wood. the tramway being paved with stone.
The Boulevard du Palais is paved with wood
from curb to curb, including space between
tram rails. The Rue du Pont Neuf is paved
with stone, while the Rue de Rivoi from Rue
du Point Neuf to Place du Louvre ID paved
with wood between the curbs including the
space between tram rails. The Avenue de
Villars and Boulevard des Invalides are paved
with stone on one side and macadam on the
other. The Boulevard de Majenta, he reports,
is paved with stone from curb to curb. includ-
ing space between the rails Of the tramway the
sets being about Ain. x8in.
In note at the bottom OF the report he says:
1.-THE tramways belong to private companies,
to whom 10 assessed the cost Of new
pavements, the city keeping the same in re-
pair and assessing tax per voiture as
tax for the use of the street and cost Of repair
to pavements. The city lays and repairs all
pavements between the rails of tramways as
well az exterior thereto. He says, in conelu-
sion. that the grooved rail is in use upon all
tramways inspected in England and France.
Anew Army Chaplain Appointed.
The President today appointed Rev. Henry
W. Hall Of California a chaplain in the army.
The new chaplain is pastor of Trinity
Methodist Episcopal church, San Francisco.
Maurice Adler Worse Today.
Maurice Adler is worse today than he has
been for week past. Yesterday evening at
about o'clock his temperature jumped to 1903
4-10 and it remained at that dangerous and un-
GA al