Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-11-16
DOM PEDRO'S REIGN.
Sketch Of the Manly Monarch Whose Em-
pire Seems TO be Ended-What iE
Has Done in His Day and

plre seems 10 De Ended-What 10
Has Done in His Day and
GenerafIon.
Dom Pedro II. has been Emperor Of
Brazil for over half 3 century. In 1881,
when but years of age, he succeeded to the
throne abdicated by his father, Pedro I.
For two years he was under the tutelage Of
the regent Dom Bonifacio de Andrade, the
leader of the Brazilian Democratic party,
After Andrade's fall in 1888 Dom Pedro be>
came ward of the Council Of Regency. In
1910 he was declared by the Chambers to have
attained his majority, and on July 18 1S41, he
was solemnly crowned Sovereign Of Bra
zil. On September 1S43 he mar.
ried Princess Therese de Bourbon, daughter
Of Francis l., King Of the Two siciliea Dom
Pedro's first act was an arbitrary one. On as
Suming the Government he dissolved the Bra
lillian Parliament Fierce discOntent resulted,
and an 1nsurrection sprang up in Sac Paulo,
which General Caxias found difficulty in sup
pressing. In 1872 the province Of Minas Ger8s
also rebelled, but the insurgent army was
finally routed at Santa Lucia. In 1913 there
was a third revolution in Pernambuco, but
from the suppression Of this last Democratic
attempt, until this year, Brazil has enjoyed
com Piete internal peace. The sale Of slaves In
the Empire was prohibited by Dom Pedro in
1850, in order to avoid difficulties with England.
In 1852 an alliance was formed between Brazil,
Uruguay and the Eutre Rios forces against
throw the Empire gained an increase Of terri
tory and the free navigation Of the River
Platte. In 1865. in conjunction with the Argen-
tine and Uruguayan Republics
PEDRO DECLARED WAR
against Paraguay, and assisted in the opening
campaign in person, receiving In the septem-
Der of that year the surrender Of the Para-
guayan army Of 10000 men at Uruguagana. In
n, = 81 A
merce os all nations. and in 1S71 the ParIia-
ment. at his fnstigation, voted . preliminary
measure for the emancipation Of the slaves
The hnal emancipation or slavery occurred LAST
year. In the same year the Emperor visited
Europe and in lS76 travelled through the United
States attending the Centennial Exhibition,
and passing through Pittsburg and other i'm
Portant centers. In 1874 serious
ssticaI dignjtar,es resulted ai-" in tSs
Emperors sending the Bishops Of Olinda and
Para to prison for four years. Pedro however,
satisfied with this example Of his hrmness, res
leased them In 1875. In 1857 he set out on
another visit to Europe for the benefit of his
health. His daughter, the Crown Princess
Isabella, was, in his absence. appointed regent.
Porrugese, French, English German, Spanish
and Italian, and Is an excellent classical
scholar. Since 1877 he has been an associate
member Of the French Academy Of Sciences,
and he is one Of the most enlightened monarchs
of his time. During his reign and through his
direct influence Brazil has shown an increase
in power and importance, which can compare
favorably with that Of any of the South
American republics The national finances are
in a hourishing state; railways have been
built; telegraphs and cable lines extendin every
direction; river navigation has enormously in
creased: slavery exists no more, and tree edu-
cation has become universal throughout the
empire.
NO THRONE TO INHERIT.
The Emperor's only daughter is the Princess
Isabella, who was born 1846 and married 1854 70
Prince Louis Philippe de Bourbon-O Orleans,
by whom she has two sons, Pedro born 1875,
and Luiz Fiipe, born 1873
The Brazilian Empire occupies more than
twohfths of the South American continent,
and, after Russia has the most extensive con-
tiguous territory of any Government on the
globe. Il is divided into 20 provinces and one
neutral municipality, and in 187I contained an
estimated population Of 9,9l300Q During late
Tears the Emperor has encouraged immigration
from Europe, chiefly from Germany and
switzerland. The State pays portion Of tho
passage money Of immigrants. In 1859 about
10, 900 settlers were reported in Brazil. In lS7l
! los people sailed from Hamburg TO Brazil
Ind in 1872 some 1000 settlers. chiefly Germans,
Irrived at Rio Janeiro- Brazil was discovered
1y Cabral in 800 and taken possession Of for
Portugal During the 81 subsequent years is
subject to Portugal it was frequently
he refuge Of Portuguese mOnarchs flying from
lome. In 1921 a revolution took place In
Brazil and Dom Pedro. eldest son Of King John
VI, Of Portugal, was proclaimed Independent
Tmreror Of Brazil. A constitution was
Idopted Id 1924 and the empire was acknoWl-
dyed by the parent country IN l825 In 1893
Pedro L, BY the death Of his father, became
King of Portugal but he resigned that title In
avor If his daughter, Donna Maria The late
1mperor's abd1cation was occasioned by dis
'utes in the Chamber Of Deputies