davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25
MON TAN a.
Its Resources. Mineral Productions, Agrl-
cultural and Stuck Growing Interests.

Its fsesOurce~. Mineral prssslncti1ns, AgrD.
cultural and ocls-Growi"g Interesss.
Montana was organized rs separate
territorial division by act Of congress
passed May 26th, 1864. It was admitted
to statehood ON November 9Th of the
present year, by proclamation OF Presi-
dent Harrison, in pursuance Of bill
passed by congress, in February last,
providing for the admission Of North and
South Dakota, Montana and Washing
ton. Although political complications
have arisen to deprive Montana in a
measure OF that desirable condition as
sured by statehood. she entered the gal
axy Of states under more favorable cir
cumstances in other respects than any
Of the territories admitted to the Union.
In extent Of area it is surpassed only by
California and Texas. 1t extends from
the 10th to the 1O6th degree of longitude
west Of Greenwich, and lies for the most
part between the 45th and 49th degrees
of north latitude. Its greatest measure
ment east and west is about $40 miles,
and from north to south nearly 300 niles
Its superficial area is 1876 square
miles, Or more than all Of the New Eng
land states and New York combined. 1t
has GOO) 600 acres Of land fitted for cul-
tiyation: 35.OO0 square miles of timber
lands; total valuation Of 5l5O,OOO,OOO,
and population of nearly 100000.
Montana has not dollar of indebted
ness, but, on the contrary, has a surplus
in her treasury of nearly $4,000. The
aggregate Indebtedness Of her sixteen
counties is sl,5OO,OOo, mostly incurred in
the erection Of court houses and other
buildings and ia the construction of
highways and bridges
Montana's name indicates it's most
prominent physical feature. The main
and Belt range Of the Rocky mountains
traverse the state from north t. south,
attended by parallel and spur ranges
that reach out in every direction. Tho
western portion is most mountainous.
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25

comb maker, who knocks out the pith
and sells it to the glue manufacturer,
who Is ever ready to take all the refuse
from any part Of the steer. The horny
coverings of the hoofs are almost as use-
full rs the horns for making buttons, etc.,
and the feet make oil and glue. The
shinbones make the finest Of bone han
dies for various purposes, and all the re-
mainder of the bony structure which the
butcher is unable to sell with the meat
finds it's way eventually to the manufac-
turer Of bone fertilizer and bone black,
With the bones there is usually consid-
cradle marrow, grease, and glue stock,
all Of which is used by the bone men in
various ways. A few Of the tails are alb
sorbed in cold weather in the manufac-
ture Of ox-tail soup, but usually ''the tail
goes with the hide, !" and becomes spoiled
for domestic use while lying around the
tannery. Every scrap Of the skin of the
animal, even the pate, as the skin Of the
head is called, is used in one way or
another, and the refuse of the tanneries
forms an important part Of the income
Of the establishments.''
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25
G"r''o" Brothers.
LUMBER AND BUILDERS, s,,ppt t,rs

| IlMBEH AND BUILDERS SUPPLIES
George and William Gordon. compris
ing the we'll known firm of lumber deal
"rs in this city. arrived in Livingston in
May, 1889, and began business by takina
contracts for the erection of buildings
They were so successful in this that in
the autumn Of 1885 they opened I; large
lumber yard on B street, in the yard pro
v'onsly occupied by the Montana Lum
ber company. The success of this Ven
turc and their rapidly increasing busi
ness. rendered larger and better quar-
tiers necessary and accordingly last sum
mer they purchased twelve lots on Park
street, near tho freight depot, and erect
cd Il handsome brick office and store
building and Il lumber yard which they
Stocked with all kinds OF dressed and
undressed lumber. During the past sea
son tins tirm has sold over 100000
worth of lumber and builders material.
IN this city. This is substantial eyi-
dence ct their success and their outlook
for next summers trade PROMISES to
nearly double this amount. In their
large brick warehouse they carry u full
line OF builders material, comprising
paints. glass, door frames, castings and
finished lumber. In the spring u side
track will be run from the main line of
railroad to facilitate the handling of
lumber. The trade of this firm, in this
city and vicinity is immense and num-
Der OF teams are constantly employed in
delivering orders. This trade is a natural
result. 1t has come to them through
their widespread reputation for honest
dealing and strict business inteerity.
which they have 90 justly earned dur.
ing their career in this city. Most of
the lumber handled by this firm comes
from the famous lumber districts in
Minnesota and Wisconsin, although they
handle considerable native lumber. The
low prices at which they handle II, and
the quality which thsy furnish, asviste
them largely in disposing of the larse
oonaignmsnts they are regularly rsosiy.
ing. sie' ~. IS 1lszs zzz=I=ss .asss-,l& !
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25

and, III company with an
other gentleman, entered upon the
manufacture of pop, soda water and
other effervescing drinks. Their labor
atory was established over spring OF
pure water, from which it derived its
name --"Appollo Springs Brewery
Shortly after commencing business Mr..
Landt purchased his partners interest in
the establishment and continued it alone.
During the summer Of 1883 he erected a
large building and in addition to his
manufactory engaged in the business of
wholesaling beer aud liquors. He con-
tinuea doing successful and lucrative
business in that line until few months
ago, when he sold out his establishment
to Sh2ri & Beley, two young men who
will continue the business in order to
devote his attention exclusively to the
ice business, which he has conducted
heretofore in connection with his brew
cry. Mr.. Landt is thoroughly equipped
with everything to make his ice bust
ness pronounced success. He has
large. Substantial ice hou ,es on the banks
of .he Yellowstone river, and delivery
wagons to deliver ice to consumers. Last
season Mr.. Landt put up nearly 1000
tons of pure ice and will. during the
winter now at hand, put up 1,5oo tons
for next summers trade. AS he has !,
las 80 ;sa'ie in this ,.,, he viii readily
dispose os this amount. Mr.. Landt also
proposes to devote considerable norton
OF his time to the handling of his real
estate interests hero.
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25

having hauled in loads from the T. H.
Guny ranch; coal which burned we'll but
was from the surface, 80 was "dirty.'
The Boulder mining country, country
which is bound to develop into good
camp, is also tributary to this point, and
until they get railroad up there thit
town will supply all the goods consumed
by the miners.
The merchants Of Big Timber are
wide awake, progressive class. They ex
pect to remain here and consequent,
treat everyone with the same courtesy
they expect in return. Among them is
the firm Of Hatch Bros & Co., successors
to Mirrielees a. Co, the pioneer mercan
tile house Of the town. The firm is com
posed Of Geo. NJ. and 0. NJ. Hatch and
l.. A. Mirrielees. They have an exten
sive trade. doing business u s775,N(
per annum. Untilrecently they handled
everything in all lines Of trade, but they
disposed Of their hardware and now deaI
in dry goods, groceries, boots. shoes. hats
caps, drugs, oils. paints, furniture, and
in short everything and anything per
son may desire. Think OF something
they are not apt to have and ten to one
they can produce the desired article.
Messrs. Busha y Baily. to whom the
last mentioned firm sold their hardware,
carry an immense stock Of everything
aplertaining other line of trade. They
also carry the Garland cook and heating
stove. than which there is none better.
Mr.. Busha having been engaged in the
warehouse forwarding and commission
business prior to his assmiating himself
with Mr.. Bailey, the new firm still main
tains that branch of the business.
Bndd. Kellogg 4 Vickery have rather
long firm name, but it is no longer than
their business will justify. They have
been engaged in the general mercantile
business for number OF years and. al
though the firm is comparatively new
one, Mr.. Budd. the senior member, has
held forth ut the old stand for many a
day. They carry an immense stock Of
goods of every description and emb7ac-
ing nearly every line. They do very
large business and their customers EN-
brace residents Of the Musselshell valley,
sixty miles to the north. -.:
Frank Bliss conducts neat, quiet and
rosey resort whore one can enjoy the
fascinating game OF "cinch," with good
cigar or something warming ut it's con-
clusion. hHf,e saloon is very neatly fitted
up as1i'i' patronized by the quiet class.
Tho wetdsoo,ls are Of good quality and
the cigars are excellent.
a. r. Knvanaugh, or "kava'' as l,e is
faIajiiarly called. conducts the other club
ra':n. Mr.. ka',naugh has h.ld honors
'ust upon him. He was elected con
stable at the last election and now fills
that office to the satisfaction of all. OK
cept the evil doer. He handles the best
brands of liquors and cigars, has bill
lizard and pool table, and, as he has a H.
cense for conducting gambling, one can
entlce tho fair goddess to his hearts con-
tent. ".. A. G. HATCH
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25
Tho Animal carca.s All Utilized.

The Animal Carcase All Utliixed.
An eastern writer has discovered that
very little OF tho Montana steer remains
after he once reaches the large slaugh.
teiing establishments He's says: .After
steer goes into a slaughter house now.
adays, the only thing that is wasted is
his dying breath, and it it were possible
to lind some use for that no doubt it
would be caught and preserved. Moth
ing else is wasted, from the tin of the
tongue to the brush on the end of the
tail. The blood is caught and sold to
make albumen for sugar refiners and
other manufacturers, one use Of it being
the cheap substitute for hard rubber and
other plastic material used in the man
ufacture Of buttons and other materials.
Next the hide is taken of, and after tho.
meat is dressed the contents OF the
stomach are removed and dried and
baled for manure, aud the stomach itself
y prepared a. tripe. The hide goes to
the tanner, the head i ailkinnsdd and d. Is
nuded e asah foe the eapslas 5 maker. IL. thb1.
horns 10 knocksd 81 and = eo 70 tbe
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25

while eastern Montana, not 80 uneven,
is intersected at intervals by high ranges.
1t is estimated that one third Of the on
tire area of the state consists of noun
tains, but this portion is by no means
the least productive. 1t abounds in
minerals from the most precious to the
more base. In 1883 the mineral output
of Montana reached s3O.OOO,OOO, exceed
ing that Of any state or territory, and
was fully twenty five per cent of the
total production in the United States,
Conservative estimates place the value
of mineral productions for the year just
closing ut s91 .OO,OoO. and it will probab-
ly reach still greater figure. Instead
OF any diminution for years to come this
enormous production will be materially
augmented by the rich mineral deposits
that only await cheaper transportation
and smelling facilities to place them
among the foremost mineral districts of
the state. The mountain country Of
Montana is not, as farther south, an
arid. desert waste. Among her lofty
mountain peaks lie perpetual bodies OF
snow that furnish the sources Of in
Vulnerable streams that not only form
the head waters of the greatest rivers of
the continent, but furnish an abundant
and naver-failing supply for irrigation.
AS consequence, even the most noun
tainous portion of the territory is ira.
quently broken by beautiful, fertile v; /
leys, many of which from cultivate. \
during twenty-five years past have der,
onstrated their adaptability to the pro-
ducton of luxuriant crops. The easter n
porti IN OF Montana, comprising that ly
ing generally east of the 10th degree Of
longitude, consists in a great part Of
broken plains. intersected by occasional
ranges OF mountains and divided by wide
stretches Of fertile valley lands along the
numerous water courses. This portion
s more generally devoted to agriculture
and stock raising, which constitutes a
chief factor in the wealth of the new
state. In his report to the secretary Of
the interior for the fiscal year ending
June 80, 1889, Governor White says that
two-ffths Of the area Of Montana is
adapted to agriculture. This estimate
III considered conservative in the ex-
treme, although Of this vast tract but
4,UUOUO aCrea or leaa.khan nna- -u;,,%h
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25

land settled upon in the past fiscal year
to be 452,428O4 acres. This includes
mineral lands, 1863 acres, and coal lands,
12,8s9 acres, the balance being principal
ly homestead, desert and pre-emption
entries. The stock interest Of Montana
will always remain one Of it's leading and
most important ones. From the most
reliable sources obtainable it is estimated
that there are l,250,0oo cattle, 225,0OO
horses and 2,15o,0o0 sheep in the state.
The wool shipments for the past season
will reach 100000 pounds, valued at
s2,35O,OoO. The exports Of horses and
cattle are placed at s5,Ooo,O00 during the
year, mutton sheep at 81, 900, and the
hides, pelts, ETC., at 100000.
The estimates from most reliable
sources at hand show there were pro-
duced in the territory during the twelve
months ending June 30, 15O,OOO,OOo feet
Of sawed lumber, all of which was con-
sumed by our people, and which, valued
at 5l5 per M, would be worth s22, 2,5OO,O 600.
There were in 1888, 316 school houses,
valued at s646,67o, $1,000 school children
and 442 teachers. The aggregate of
county taxes raised for the support Of
tho public schools was 8317 ,4422.37.
From the official reports Of the North
ern Pacific and Union Pacific it is learned
that the imports for the year 1888 were
188,52o tons, and the exports 148, Ill tons.
The business Of the st. Paul, Minneapo-
lis g. Manitoba and the Montana Cen
trail roads are not taken into account in
tho above estimates as no report of their
tonnage wa5 made. But as several
thousand head Of cattle, horses and sheep
we're transported out Of the territory
over those roads and large amount Of
freight brought in the grand total should
be materially increased. The tonnage
by the way Of the Missouri river is placed
at 1900 tons imports, and 1000 tons ex-
ports, the former consisting principally
o! government and Indian supplies and
the latter of wool, hides and furs.
There were up to December 81, 1888,
1,748.9 miles of railroads in the
territory, and are now under
construction 1886 miles more.
. Of roads surveyed but not yet
commenced there are S75 miles,
s.sss1 1t will therefore be seen that
x[ Montana is without peer in
a., a11 the uran6 ualayv of oto+oc
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25

1,748.9 miles Of railroads in the
territory, and are now under
construction 1885 miles more,
OF roads surveyed but not yet
commenced there are S75 miles,
1t will therefore be seen that
Montana is without a peer in
all the grand galaxy of states
and is destined to become an
empire within itself.
The Livingston enterprise., 1889-12-25
A. Landt,

.... DEALER IN ICE.
Early in the summer of 1888
A. Landt came to Livingston
The Springdale news., 1889-10-18
MUSICAL GRASSHOPPERS.
Fairy Bells Set Ringing By Insects on the
 Pampas of Buenos Ayres.

Fairy Bells Set Ringing By Insects on the
 Pampas of Buenos Ayres.
 was once engaged in the arduous and mouotOnous task of driving a large number of sheep a distance ot 250 miles in excessively hot weather, when sheep prefer standing still to travelling. Five or six gauchos were with me, and we were on the southern pampas of Buenos Ayres, near to long precipitous stony sierra, which rose to a height of five or six hundred feet above the plain. Who that has travelled for eighteen days on dead level in a broiling sun can resist hillP That sierra was more sublime to us than Conondagua, than lllimani. Leaving the sheep l rode to 1t with three of the men, and after securing our horses on the lower slope We be- gan our laborious ascent. Now, the gaucho when taken from his horse, on which he lives like kind of parasite, is a very slow-moving creature, and l soon left my friends far behind. Com ing to place where ferns and tlower- ing herbago grew thick, l began to hear all about mo sounds of a eharac- ter utterly unlike any natural sounds was acquainted with-innumerable low, clear voices tinkling or pealing like minute sweet-toned, resonant bells-for the sounds were purely me tallic and perfectly bell-like. ! was completely ringed round with the mysterious music, and as l walked it rose and sank rhythmically, keeping time to my steps. l stood still, and immediately the sounds ceased. l took step forward, and again the fairy bells were set ringing, as if at each step my foot touched central meeting point of thousand radiating threads. each thread attached to a peal of little bells hanging concealed among the herbage. l waited for my companions and called their attention 10 the phenomenon, and to them also 1t was a thing strange and perpleXfng. 1t Is the bell snakew cried one cX- citedly This is the rattlesnake; but although at this time l had no eXperi ence Of this reptile, l knew that he was wrong. Yet how natural the mis- take! The Spanish name of the "bell snake had made him imagine that the whirring sound of the vibrating rattles. resembling mutfled cicada music, is really bell-like in character. Eventually We discovered that the sound was made by grasshoppers but they were seen only to be lost. for could not capture one, so excessively shy and cunning had the perpetual ringing of their own little tocsins made them. -Longman's Magazine.
The Springdale news., 1889-10-18
ABOUT ORIENTAL RUGS.
How These Popular Articles of Utfli
 and Elegance Are Made

How These Popular Articles of Utillty
 and Elegance Are Made
 One sometimes confounds the rugs of Karabagh with those of kazak. inas- much as they resemble each other in appearance and designs, but when one considers that the former are always rectangular and the latter square their distinction can be readily determined, despite the similarity in general ap- pearance.
 The looms of the people of Afghan istan and Belooehistan vary much in dimension, but in those from the lat ter country the length is always pro. portionate to the width One does not find rugs here greater than three or three and one-half meters by two or two and one-half meters The rugs from Afghanistan are made on looms much of the same character as the Karabagh loom, and therefore the width may not surpass a certain limit.
 In Oushak, Gordez and the other countries of Turkey, fabric is made of almost any dimension, according to the means at their disposal and the progress which this industry has made in the Asiatic provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The operation oi weaving as practised in Asia Minor does not differ essentially from the methods in use in the Caucasus, but the popularity of Smyrnas can best be attested by the fact that there is ex. ported annually of these rugs about three hundred thousand square meters
 This process is carried on, of course, without the aid of the shuttle, the only utensils requisite being an iron comb. a large clumsy knife. stick of wood. tokmak Ca kind Of malle9 and pair of scissors. The fringe. which one often sees at the two eXtremities of rug, are the two particles of thread which are bound around the bars of the loom. and which are cut on com pletion of the rug.
 One can hardly form an idea of the enormous work and monotony in the weaving of d rug, which, as is ex- plained above, is made by the union of millions of knots by the hand. So familiar do these women become with the operations of weaving. that it is with difficulty one can see their hands, so quickly do they manipulate the threads. N. |. Mail and Express.
The Springdale news., 1889-10-18
COLTS AND CALVES.
Some of the Advantages of\Iaying Them
 Come in the EalE

Come in the EalE
 For growing stock grass is recog- nized as one of the cheapest and best of feeds. Not that it is in all cases complete food, but during the growing season it can be used to good advan- tage as a principal food. And in the management of the farm stock it is quite an item to get the largest amount of benefit from the grass, either by pasturing or soiling.
 Calves and colts, in the first few months of their existence, must de- pend almost if not wholly, upon milk. It matters little during this time to them. at least, whether their dams are pastured upon grass or fed hay and grain in the stable, provided the quantity and quality are such as to enable them to furnish full supply of milk. But when they are ready to wean then it becomes a question of considerable interest, as they will grow and develop. usually, in propor- tion to the quality and quantity of the food supplied
 One of the principal advantages in having the colts and calves come in the fall rather than in the spring is that, by the time they are ready to wean in the spring, the grass will have made q sufficient growth 10 furnish considerable food, and they will be able to make their first six months growth, after weaning, upon grass rather than upon dry hay or fodder and grain. In counting the cost of preparing an animal for market, the period of weaning is usually considered the proper time for beginning the account, and in a majority of cases it will lessen the cost considerably if grass can be made the principal food for the=frst six months. With the cows another item can be added. Whether marketed as milk or made into butter the milk is of more value during the winter than in the summer; and, after caIving. the COWS will give the largest quantity of milk, at least for five te six months, and this can be secured with little, if any more expense, during the winter than in the summer.
 So far as possible all the stock on the farm should be kept in d good thrifty condition. and if this is done the cost of feeding is but little, if any, more during the winter, whether a large or q small quantity of milk is supplied
 With the brood mares it is usually expected that enough work can be done by them to pay at least for their keep, and yet it is an item to get this work at time when it#ean be used to the best advantage. On most farms this will be found to be in the spring, when the work of seeding and plant ing. as well as of euItiyating is geu- orally most pressing. And by having the colts come in the fall more work, with less risk, can be secured than il they come in the spring and in addi- tion there is better food for their growth and development after wean. ing. Louis Republic.
The Springdale news., 1889-10-18

they are about that the whole business is kept strictly su5 rosa. It is quite d,t coatraus with an nglishwoman. She speeulates openly and greedily- buys and sells and watches the market with feverish anxiety; hesitates about journey which, presenting every other inducement. has the one draw back of putting her out Of direct teie- graphic communication with Ter broker at a time when BoYneo, Gll- sops or South American railway shares, in which she has invested, largely on contango (whatever that is), are fluctuating.
 Why, l have in mind one woman who looks ones ideal of high-bred English gentewoman- fair. sweet. placid and proud as Nere de We're; the mother of sons holding offices of fank in her Majesty army; tho widow of q General; allied by birth to the no- bility; near relative to the novelist Thackeray; a notable ehurchwoman and bearing a name of world wide
 
 a chief delight in her existence. She engages In it quite as matter of course; will go from a weekday serv- i've in St. Georges, Hanover Square, down to her brokers in the city, and, sitting there with her black-gloyed hands folded over her prayer-book, the somber folds of her mourning vail sweeping around her handsome face, framed in its little halo of widow cap, will speculate to the amount of thou. sands of pounds, the vocabulary of the stock market ripping meanwhile from her pretty, precise lips with amazing ease and accuracy. And this woman is by no means an isolated ex ample. H-N. I. World