davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26
No. z

be a sufficient answer to his oh
lection. 1t might answer as MANY
more objections. There is no GETTING
around the fact, so well established nv
statistics and observations, that the
influence of the farming class is wan
ing IN making laws and in all public
affairs. As their wealth decreases
their influence also decreases. In
nearly all counties the farming classes
have sunk into i ignorance serfdom and
contempt. First comes loss of wealth.
then loss of comforts, luxuries and
the elegancies of life; their loss of
education, influence and power. Unless
the farmers of the United States and
OF Mississippi realize these conditions.
even IN our republican form of govern
ment, we too will be "hewers of wood
and drawers OF water" to the other
weather. classes who are better edu-
Gated and can cope better with ad-
Yanclng civilization and discovery. In
the face of all this, many farmers are
trying to pull down the only COLLEGE
that can elevate them in their indus
try and are content to see the other
classes continue to be better educated
and consequently reap the golden har-
vest. The lack of education in their
business is the cause of trouble with
the farmer. Senator George SAYS:
"Ihe people who, by their industry
and skill create one great wealth,
allow it to be enjoyed by others. This
too exclusive enjoyment of their
created wealth by non producers,
comes from ignorance and want of
education IN the producers"
In these articles | have frequently
alluded to the State University at
Oxford. have done this because it
is one of the oldest and leading insti-
tutions Of learning It's record and
experience is the history of the State.
We look to it for precedents. 1t is
the only y companion we have. Her
"alumni are on the Supreme Bench,
and IN all important positions in the
State. Her faculty second to none.
| would not take one cent from her
appropriation. I know by experience
that she requires S32, $40 to properly
sustain and support her. 1t requires
this much and more in other States. I
DO not desire the A & M. College to
be sustained or lifted up by putting
down the University. There is enough
work for both in Mississippi and more
than both can do. Our lines of work
are separate and distinct. But l do
claim, that, with larger attendance,
the A. & M. College should have an
equal support. The obligations of the
State, after accepting the bonus and
establishing the college, is as binding
to support it literally as it is to sup
port the University: All that is asked
is equity and justice.
CONTINUED NEXT WEEK
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26
FARMERS.
LEMAY, n. G.

LEMAY, n. G.
Col. L. L. PoLK.-Dear Sir A
vast amount has been said in regard
to the depressed condition of the
farmer. This universal depression Of
agriculture has been attributed to
various causes; most prominent Of
which are high system of taxation,
the extortion of merchants and the
oppression of railroad corporations.
Now l shall not by any means assume
that these several causes have not
severely oppressed the farming in
terest of the country, because they
have; but shall take the position,
and most emphatlcally, that they are
not all, nor indeed the principal causes
that have brought the farmer to his
present condition. In my honest
opinion, the main cause of the deplor-
able condition of agriculture to-day is
the result of the injudicious and sui
cidal management of the farmers
themselves. There is no occupation
known to man that is conduct
ed with so little system and judg-
ment. Farmers, as class, are pro
verbally careless in reference to the
various details of their affairs If
men engaged in other pursuits paid no
more attention to the management Of
their business, they would fail as
much and even more than farmers.
While it is a matter of impossibility
for farmer to accumulate fortune
rapidly, there is no earthly reason
why man with good farm should
not steadily improve his condition; be-
cause some men have done so, and
what one man does another can do,
who has equal energy and judgment
under similar circumstances.
The farmers of this State have lost
in the reckless manner in
which they have purchased and used
commercial fertilizers Besides pay
ing enormous prices for them, it is
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26
IS 1T NOT TIME TO BEAT THE
LONG ROLL.

Mr.. EDIToR:-The defeat of the
Railroad Commission bill was great
surprise to the people, for it was con-
fidently asserted that when the mem
bers of the Legislature were fresh
from the people they were in favor of
a Railroad Commission The methods
by which corporate power changed
the views of majority of the Senate
may never be known to the masses Of
the people. Here and there corpo-
rate power developed an aide came
from classes that heretofore take little
interest in politics. President Crowell's
rushing into the arena and denounc-
ing the Railroad Commission was un-
looked for. The South Carolina and
Georgia law was more than he could
stand. He could not sit still and see
the people subject railroads to the con-
troll of a Commission. In his opinion
South Carolina and Georgia laws were
not healthy for North Carolina rail
roads. President Crowell had right
to do this, but am suppressed at the
bent of his mind 1t is strange that he
should have become so agitated in be-
half Of corporate powers and not the
least agitated when the school bills
were under consideration. The United
States census part 2, page l,649 states
that North Carolina had in 1880 one
hundred and ninety two thousand and
thirty-two white people over ten years
old that cannot write their names
being thirty-one and five-tenths per
cent of white people over ten years
old. This black cloud of ignorance
that envelopes this mighty host and
blackens the name of our State did
not agitate worth a cent. Neither
when the Senate was passing Geor-
gia and South Carolina election law
that virtually disfranchised 44,42O
white men who cannot read and
write (see United States census part
I'd, page l,649) of their votes no
agitation was felt. These poor white
people are small factor in comparison
with corporate powers.
1.-THE poor make no new friends,
But the few our Father Sends
The United States Treasury may
remain full of idle money. The Blair
Bill (for the education of the rising
generation) may sleep the sleep Of
death and ignorance increase in the
Iand-and produce no agitation? These
poor people who cannot read and
write are no more responsible for it
than they are for coming into this
world. But North Carolina is res
ponsible for it, and you who believe
it not go look over the muster rolls of
the late war and see the names of
thousands of soldiers that we're un-
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26
NEBRASKA ALLIANCE AND THE
NATIONS LAWMAKERS,

Wash. Cor. of Farmers Friend, Feb. 26, 1sSs9.1
Yesterday Mr.. Paddock presented
the memorial of the Nebraska State
Farmers Alliance in favor of further
legislation for the better protection of
agriculture. The petition says that
the present economic condition of the
State of Nebraska and the country
generally is anomalous, inasmuch as
while the production Of wealth is un-
precedented, the condition of the pro-
ducers of wealth is not improving, but
is, on the contrary, retrograding.
While no period has witnessed
greater aggregate increase of wealth
than the past twenty years, at the
same time the farmers of Nebraska are
sinking deeper and deeper in debt. 1t
is becoming rare to find farms which
are not mortgaged, tenant farmers are
rapidly increasing, and failures of
country merchants are becoming more
numerous day by day. A conserva-
tive estimate places the amount of
farm mortgages In this State at $780,
100000, which at Z per cent, takes
$1O,5OO, 1000 annually out of the State.
While the farmers of the country are
becoming involved. in debt, the Arti
sans and laborers are finding the con-
ditions of life harder. Meantime,
there are two classes of men who seem
above the reach of adverse financial
fortune-money lenders and railroad
owners. Of these the former are
reaping harvest of wealth unprece-
dented in the history of the world.
The volume of the currency furnished
by the government, the petition says,
is insufficient to transact the business
of the country upon cash basis, and
the people are therefore forced to do
it upon credit basis. An increased
issue of money, it is thought, would
have the effect of improving the fnan-
cial situation.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26

able to write-soldiers who came at
North Cardinals call, and many Of
whom died in obedience to North
Carolina's laws. Is the cloud of ignor-
ance that is enveloping the children
of the old soldiers no cause for alarm.
To educate them is the duty of North
Carolina and not to hand any old
soldier pension with one hand and
deprive him of his vote with the
other Education is in the line of
duty of college Presidents and the
people naturally look to them for sug-
gestions as to the best methods of
education. But when their bugle is
sounded only in behalf of corporate
power is it not time to beat the long
roll. OLD SOLDIER.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26

exceeding rare that farmer ever uses
them Judiciously; it is the most unusual
thing imaginable, that farmers ever
take into consideration the adaptability
OF fertilizer to the soil on which it is
used. A vast majority of them never
think that fertilizer to accomplish
the greatest possible good, must con-
tain the ingredients of which their
land is deficient. Another great i'm
pediment to the pro yress and pros
perity of agriculture in North Caro-
lima is the unreliability of the labor
that the farmer is dependent upon.
This is one difficulty, however, that
he seems almost powerless to remedy,
In consequence of the scarcity of labor.
In order that the success Of agricul-
ture aid the general prosperity of the
country may be promoted, it is neces-
sary, absolutely, that farming be con-
Quoted upon correct principles of
economy and science.
Farmers should study the science
of manipulating, as far as possible,
their own fertilizers, and thus obviate
the tremendous expense, at least to
some extent, of buying them. The
advancement of the agricultural in
terest, so heartily desired, does not
depend so much as some seem to think
on any system of legislative enactment
as it does upon an energetic and intel
hgent management of the farm. We
might have the best government the
wisest craftsmanship could devise, and
have it administered upon broadest
principles of economy, and still, if
farming was not conducted with more
judgment than it generally is, the
country would be far from prosperous.
[ do most heartily desire and earn
estly urge upon every member of the
Farmers Alliance in North Carolina
that he resolve and firmly comply
with the resolution to manage his
affairs with such judgment as that he
will not only live fully within his in
come, but have something above the
expenses of living. In this way, and
only in this way, will prosperity and
happiness ever dawn upon our i'm
povershed country.
J. M. TURNER.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26
DIRECTORY OF FARMERS Or
CARNATIONS.

,opru CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE
Presidents. B. Alexander, Charlotte
" vice-President-T. Ivey, Ashpole, NJ
sacrotarvML. L. Polk, Raleigh, n. G.
Treas1,rer-J. D. Allen, Falls, N. G.
1act11rer-Dr. D. Reid Parker, Trinity
College, N. G. uo1n+ro
Laurinburg, N. G. n,,uns
Chaplain-Rev. Carr Moore 1o"nS-
S Door " Keeper-W. H Tomlinson, Fay
Assistant Door Keeper-R. I. Rush.
Mt. Gilead, n. @. cn.u-
Sergeant-at-Arms-J. 5. Holt, Onalh
State Business Agent-W. A. Darden.
rxEoUT1vE COMMITTEES OF THE NORTH CARO-
LIMA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
Elias Carr, Old Sparta, N. c., Char
man; Thaddeus Ivey, Ashpole, N. VI o. o.
Johnston, Ruffn, N. G.
THE NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS ASSOCIATION
President-Elias Carr, Old Sparta,
+ F Hester, oxford, Secretary; S.
Otbo Wilson, Vineyard, and W. +. Ben
bow, Oak Ridge, Assistant Secretaries
VIRGINIA STATE ALLIANCE.
President-G. T. Barbee, Bridgewatar,
Virginia. Wash
Secretary. J. silvey, Bridgewater,
Virginia. 1ou Viz
ginia. cLr;sr,on
Virginia. 1o
Virginia. o 7uou
Virginia 1;
ball, Virginia.
Luray, Virginia. w,
serg't-at-Arms- Fl. Lillard, Wash
ington, Virginia.
State Business Agents. P. A. Bru-
baker, of Luray, Virginia.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
e T. Brumback, Jas. &. Compton and
Geo. b. Chrisman.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26
ORGANIZATION IN VIRGINIA.

CENTREv1LLE, Norfolk Co., Va,
Mr. EDIToR:-I take pleasure in
sending you the report for Norfolk
county, Va, for the month of Feb
ruary: Organized Cortland Alliance
on Feb. 10th; Good Hope Alliance
at Bartee on Feb. 18th, and Great
Bridge Alliance on Feb. 18th. On
Monday, Feb. 25th, State President,
G. T. Barbee, organized the County
Alliance at Centreville. Brother Bar
bee arrived here by the Norfolk &
Southern Railroad on the lO:l5 train.
He found the delegates and a large
number of the brethren from the
different Alliances awaiting him. The
use of the hall had been kindly ten
dered the Alliance by Mr.. G. W.
Wilson At Ills the Alliance was
called to order by brother S. w. San
derson of Hickory Alliance, President
pro tenn, Bro L. NJ. West, of Corn
land Alliance acting as Secretary.
Prayer was offered by Chaplain w.
A. Jackson, of Centreville Alliance.
Brother Barbee was then introduced
to the delegates and brethren by the
President with a few pleasant remarks,
and he delivered very able and
instructive address, reminding the
brethren that the watchword of the
farmers at the present time was organ
ization and cooperation, without that
the farmers were helpless in the tolls
of monopolies and trusts. Brother Bar
bee then touched upon the guano ques-
tion, recommending that, home made
fertilizers be more extensively used;
that cheap guano was killing the land
and impoverishing the farmers that
used them. The address was listened
to with the greatest attention by those
present Brother Barbee proceeded
to elect officers. The following named
brothers were elected for the county:
D. L. Wright, President; S. W. San
derson, Vice-President; L. NJ. West,
Secretary; John Fentress, Treasurer;
W. A. jackson, Chaplain; J. W. Car
ter, Lecturer; J. W. Hutchings, Asst.
Lecturer; Doorkeeper, J. J. Fisk;
Asst. Doorkeeper, J. NJ. Williamson;
Sergeant-at-Arms, J. II. Mills; County
Business Agent, H. W. West. The
county officers were installed into
Office by Organizers Thomas Topp and
Sheppard Mercer, who were appointed
to that Office by brother Barbee. The
Alliance adjourned to meet at Hick-
ory on Saturday, March 14th. [ shall
continue my work in Accomac,
Northampton and Norfolk counties.
l am, Yours fraternaly,
THOMAS TOPP.
Deputy Organizer
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26
GRAPE CULTURE-DRAINAGE.

Mr.. EDITOR :-Sobby natured land
will not do for the grape unless
drained. Mildew here makes It's first
appearance. Where it is necessary to
have an open ditch as outlet for the
mains it should be cut wedge-shape
three and one-half feet deep, three
feet wide at the top, one foot at the
bottom. This will draw water rapidly
and will not cave. Cut the bitches to
be blinded in the usual manner. OBJ
tain all the fall you can regarding
~one-half inch in three yards as the
minimum. Use a small spirit level,
costing fifteen cents, fastened on the
centre of the cross bar. The span
level is not reliable where accuracy is
required. If the bottom of the ditch
is solid, use drain-scoop, made of steel,
one foot long, half circular, bent at
the shank, so the person using it can
stand on the bank; shank hollow
handle fastened by bolt and tap, shank
to be eight inches in length. Excavate
the bottom of the ditch to depth re-
quired-three-inch scoop for the main
one and one and one-half inches for
the laterals. Cover with pine poles or
plank resting on half-inch strips across
the ditch. Drains three feet deep,
laterals thirty yards apart; enter the
main gum que or intermediate. Last
four feet of outlet of the main must
be made of brick or rock bottom, also,
to resist atmospheric changes.
Guarded by an iron grating to keep
out reptiles; put pine brush or trash
in the ditch before replacing the earth.
This allows to go on what is known
as capillary attraction, the rising and
falling of the moisture in an excess of
rain. The water sinks below the roots
Of the plants. In drought the mois-
ture rises, bringing with it some of
the inexhaustible supplies of the sub
soil, improving the fertility of the
soil. Where the bottom of the ditch
is soft a gutter drain is best
W. II. HAMILTON.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26

Mr.. EDIToR:-As chicken cholera
Is raging in some sections of the
country l send you simple and effect
i've remedy. l have tried it in several
cases and it cured every time. Take
a piece of fat meat about the size of a
partridge egg and put down the throat
OF the fowl. After this operates take
quid of the bark from young peach
sprouts or limbs about the same size
and force down the throat as you did
the meat and you may expect cure.
Respectfully,
Mrs. S. A. HoUsER.
A man should never tell his suspi.
pions as facts.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26


worthy President of Ahpol Robson born June
enabled
brotherhood of the State the portrait of the who the
make application for membership noble order He is
Ashpoe Alliance
County Alliance from the dates Of
of the Alliance October 4th
1887 brother Iv though absent unanimously elected the position
member
of the chief officers he reelected the
principles intelligence high
high value He the champions
establish the institution of the indispensable necessities of the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26

Reputation is what men and women
think of us; character is what God
and the angels know of us.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-03-26

When it is too stormy to work out Of
doors, make love to your wife. If
you have been married ten years or
more, make love all the harder.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1889-05-11

This is the testimony of two genera
tons: Ponds Extract cures all inflamma-
tions and bleedings. Avoid dealers who
offer base limitations.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1889-05-11
BUFFALO PRAIRIE.

BUFFALO PRAIRIE. May s.
Miss Kate Sedan is assisting Mrs III
B. Potter.
Burt and Mamie Potter spent Satu rday
evening with Miss Lettie DennIng.
Mr.. John Albrecht, of Rock Island,
was the guest of Mr. Cas- Eckhardt last
Friday.
Sid Robson, of Edgington, was on the
Prairie last Sabbath to attend church and
have watch meeting.
The Prairie base ball club is in good
running order and will don the name OF
the Long Johns"
p. B. Moore Is elected pound master
and is hauling lumber to build the pound
three miles east of Illinois City.
Mr.. Walter Kimball has been quite
sick with typhoid fever, but is getting
better under the care of DR.. Marston.
Mr.. Pomrov's team broke their hitch
ing straps and ran three miles before be,
ing caught without breaking the buggy
Most OF the farmers are busy planting
corn. The rain yesterday made the
ground in much better condition fol
planting.
The dance at Mr.. Sam Peterson's or
Monday evening was much enjoyed by
the young folks. The Vanatta string
band furnished the music for the occa-
sion.
Bill Hobart says if he meets that fel
low that said he took that whip there
will be Sullivan and Kilrsin prize fight
and If he comes out best he will chal'
lenge Sullivan for $500 side.
Mr. Castles mill burned In the prounf
Saturday. 1t caught fire from the engine
Mr.. Castle saved the engine by running
1t out. There were several hundred
bushels of corn and some rye consumed
in the flames.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1889-05-11
LOCAL NOTICES.
For Rent-Two rooms over my mer-
chant tailoring establishment

For Rent-Two rooms over my mer-
chant tailoring establishment.
]. T. DIXON.
A. D. Huesing, real estate and insur-
ance agent. Office No. 1908 Second ave.
nue., Rock Island.
The Royal Insurance company. of Eng
land, has the largest surplus of any fire
insurance company in the world. A. D.
Huesing, agent. office No. zoos Second
avenue. Rock Island.
Insure in the Boylston Insurance Co.,
of Boston, Mass. organized 1872. As
sets nearly S1.000.000. f. W. Hurst,
agent. Office over Rock Island National
bank
Barth & Babcock, Dentists.
No, 1724 Second avenue. Special atteu'
ton paid to saving the natural teeth and
inserting teeth without plates.
Hard Coal Market.
Crate and egg sizes. SIS per ton; stove,
No. 4, and nut, IS 25 per ton; for best
quality of anthracite coal, screened and
delivered in any part of the city; % cents
per ton discount for cash. Carriage will
be added on all orders of less than ton.
f. G. FRAZER.
Surety on Bonds.
Those who are required to give bonds
in positions of trust. aud who desire to
avoid asking friends to become their
sureties. or who may wish to relieve
friends from further obligations as bonds
man. should apply to the agent of the
American Surety Co., of New York
Ed. LIEBERKNECHT,
General Insurance Agent.
Rock Island, H.
Rock Island daily Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1886-1893, 1889-05-11
At the Theatre

F. L. Buford's metropolitan company
showed how to take "a Night Or at Har-
per's theatre last evening in a manner
that delighted the audience present. The
production, which is one of the highest
and most refined comedy order. is pos
sessed of vivid plot, its situations being
well woven and amusing and its charac-
tiers nicely distributed and in good hands.
On next Monday, Tuesday and
Wednesday. we are to have Snow Bros
Jolly Voyagers. Zone of the strongest
comedy companies on the road, headed
by four strong comedy stars-Ross Snow,
Carrie Lamont, r. j. Erwood and Gypsie
Warde-and the finest brass band and
orchestra on the road, their uniforms
costing $1,000 and every man soloist.
Entire change Of programme nightly
Peoples prices, Is, 90 and 30 cents