The Red Cloud chief., 1889-04-19
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Wood-engravings IRE made O. Turk
ish boxwood. which, on account Of tt
close and even fiber, answers tho pur-
pose better than any other. The
blocks are sawed in slabs IN inch IN
thickness and the top highly polished
All cutting is done against tho grain
Three tools arc employed-thc grsver.
similar TO that used on metals; tho
tintsr. . fine round-pointed instrument
slsed for drawing delicate lines. and
the routing-tool. for cutting away the
whiteA The wood-engraver 6rst
sketches upon the block the outline Of
tho designA These lines are then
covered with fake white and tho work
q cutting beginA The block II placed
upon . pedestal In order 70 bring Il
near the eye Of the artist and yes
leaxe his hands FREQ and al parts
which arc to appear light in the print
are cut away with &he tool. Tho next
step Is the graduation in tho darker
portions These are produced BY
shaying OF the higher parts Of tho
wood, but not sufficiently 70 leave
chem entirely below the surface q
which contact with the paper ooonrA
The deep blocks arc left unAooched
When . misstroke has been nade .
hole Of the requisite size IL bored h
The block and q plug Of wood inserted.
This b carefully smoothed until 4 Il
level with the surface and tho mis-.
take corrected OF course. il placed
In the press the soft wood
would soon wear out. Here the aid
Of the electrotyper is called in Tho
block is placed in a battery and q thin
film ofmetal is deposited by the electric
battery over its surface. The print ID
taken from this. backed either BY 0s
original engraving or by type metal,
tho engraving being taken out and
molten metal poured into its plsoa
With few exceptions all books ace
Illustrated by wood-cutA and Tho -
oent wonderful growth In plc1ucasI
advertisements is due to tho improve.
mont in the ar: Of w~ood-cutting. Not
only are wOod-cuts far less expensive
than steel-engravings. but from Q
purely artistic point of view they pro
sent many advantages. No design or
metal . compare for sharpness Of
contrast with a well-executed and
properly printed wood-cut in strong
and sharply defined contrasts. while
6ne gradations Of light and shade an
nov possible. which are beyond thu
reach OF the worker in steel. Clean
neD Of outline the latter still poo
seases In q superior degree, owing t.
the greater hardness Of the metal
But since the substitution Of the cleo
trotype for printing directly from the
block this difference has been greatly
lessened.
The possibility of bringing out
sharply certain portions Of q design |
after the cut has been made. which
was discovered by the p~ropretors o.
the Century. has raised the best wood
cuts almost to the level Of steel On,
cravings in respect to sharpoe8 81
outline. This process, technically
known as ''keying up" is very simple
but exceedingly effective. After The
block is put in the press and . proof
taken the effect IL noted. and under such
parts as require stronger sccentuation
slips Of paper arc placed. The lines
can thus be projected upward from b.
hind without alteration in the cut and
moro delicate alterations made than
f. possible to do BY hand. Photog-
has Also been called TO tho aid
Of the wood engraver. A design e
drawn. photographed. and tho neg.
ative reproduced directly on the block
.herc reduction in size is roquessad
This paan has entirely superseded 70
drawing. A most important advsn-
tage Of wood cuts;over steel engravings
Is the rapidity with which they can
DO printed. After each impression .
steol plate must be rubbed clean and
Fe-tnked. a most tedious process, a.
he cleansing. to be effective. must b
1oDo with the bare hand. all suhsti.
'utos having been found inefficient Al
wood block, on tho other hand, can b
used In an ordinary press, and en- b
from rs rapidly a. from typa
Tho art has made many advances
the last few year.. but strange-
y enough. the schools In which Is 10
anght arc by no means numeeuuA
frequently take o few pu- {
Ills. but the only regular institution
or teaching this art established west
4 Now York City il the Missouri En-.
School. News
Aarrison's Surprise Caka.
Take one and a half cups OF butter.
cups Of sugar. two-thirds u Of
weet milk. Eve eggs. two and ono-
'alf cups Of -four. two teaspooufuls
heaping) Of baking powder. and one
easp0onful Of bitter almond for davor
ng. Cream your butter and sugar to- Q
add the beaten yelks and mill. r
hen the sifted -four with baking DOW. +
and lastly the vhiAoa ~ th->I