davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
Medical Study Cor Soldiers.

From the New York Mail and Express
For year past the practical application of a
real medical service corps in the first brigade
of the national guard has been contemplated
by Maj. Rush s. Huidekoper, the brigade sur
geon, and it is now announced in q circular to
be soon issued that the direct methods will be
carried into effect. The first order in this
matter is from Maj. Gen. John NJ Schofield,
commanding the United States army, under
date of January 10. 1882 reading thus:
by direction of the Secretary of War Can't.
James E. Pitcher, assistant surgeon will repair
from Fort Wood, New York harbor, to Phila-
delphia, Pa, at such time as his services can
be spared for the purpose of giving instruction
to the hospital corps of the first brigade, Ma
tional guard OF Pennsylvania, and, upon
the completion of this duty, will return to his
proper station. The travel enjoined is neces-
sary for the public service
In talking over the subject yesterday Major
Huidekoper further said that circular order
would be soon issued by Gen. Geo. r. Snow
den, commanding first brigade, to this effect
"A series OF lectures and practical demon
STATIONS will be given for the instruction OF the
medical corps and others of this brigade as fol-
lows: Monday, January 90. at 8 O'Clock pm. in
the State Fencibles armory on Temporary Ban
daging,' by Major Huidekoper. In the same
place on Saturday, February 9, Duties of a
Hospital Corps by Capt. Jas. Z. Pitcher, U. s.
| A.; in the same place with a similar subject on
Saturday, February %, by that officer; in the
same place on Saturday. March 8, ON Military
Hygiene, by Major j. Wilkes O'Neill, NJ. D.,
surgeon first regiment, N. G. Pennsylvania; on
Saturday. March 20, the same place, by Lieut..
]. VIM. White, NJ D., first troop City Cavalry.
on the Antiseptic Treatment of Wounds on
April 6, the plan, date and lecturer hereafter
to be designated on Saturday, April 10, at 8
p. m, in the veterinary department of the
university OF Pennsylvania. Emergencies in
| the Horse" by Major Huidekoper and one adj
dItional lecture in the same department ON the
evening of Saturday, April 20, BY Major Huide-
koper. Medical officers, hospital stewards.
| stretcher bearers and musicians will attend in
uniform all instructions gwen at the state
fencibies armory. Officers and men of the first
troop, p. c. c., and of battery A, will attend
the instruction given at the university of Penn
sylvania. Other officers and men of the brigade
who are interested in these subjects are in
vited to attend all the lectures"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22

From the Philadelphia Record.
Teacher-"Jimmy Ounce, you did not know
a single lesson to-day"
Jimmy-"No'm."
sand you havn't hada good mark of any kind
for q week."
'Nom."
''What in the world il to become of you?
What do you expect to be when you grow
up?"
"A iuryman, like pop"
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
RAILROADS.
DIEDMONT AIRLINE

DIEDMONT AIR LINE
L Schedule in effect January 9th, 1850
$50 A. Mast Tenn. Mail Daily for warrenton.
between Alexandria and Ly nchburg, Roanoke, Bristol
knoxville, Rome, Calers, Montgomery, and New Or
II "a A MFss Nan psin for W " ns@ esn hs
lottesvlle, Gordonsville, Stations Ches Ohio Route
Lynchhurg, Rocky Mount, Danyille Gnd Stations be.
tween Lynchburg and Dsnville, Greensboro, Raleigh.
charlotte, Columbia aiken, Augusta, Atlanta Birfn,.
ham, Montgomery, New Orleans, Texas California
Pullman Sleeper New York 70 Atlanta: Pullman Parlor
somery to New orleans and Mann BosSP e Mont,
for birmingham, Vicksburg. and Shreveport Pullman
sleeper Greensboro TO Columbia ana Augusta Solid
trains "ssnngton TO atlanta Does not connect for
y; " route points sundays.
2;3O Il. M.-Daily, except Sunday for Manassas
Strasburg and intermediate stations.
o 40 M-TesteIn Lxpress Dsily for Wsrrenton.
Pullman Sleepers and Solid Trains Washington 70
Lousy1lle aiso for Lynchburg. Bristol, Chattanooga
Through Pullman Sleepers Washington 10 Memphis
without change.
IL 100 P. M-southern Express Daily for lynch
burg Dsnville Raleigh, Ashevlle, Charlotte Column
bia, Aiken. Augusta, Atlanta, ntgoinery New Or
leans Texas and California Pullman Nestibue Sleeper
Washington TO New Orleans via Atlanta and Mont
E puliman Sleeper Washington TO Augusta.
Trains on Washington and Ohio division leave WASH
ingion 300 NJ Daily except Sunday, and As NJ
Daily: arrive Round Hill II 30 A. NJ and 7:2o NJ
Returning leave Round Hill eos AN Daily and 80
a. daily except Sunday. arriving Washington $50
vile ana Lynchburg srriye i'll Washington Z 00 A NJ
and $50 M via East Tennessee Bristol and LYNCH
burg at IL :l3 AN. and 40 PM: via Chesapeake
and Ohio route and Charlottesville at 40 PM :
Strasburg Local at l0:l5 A. NJ
Iickets sleeping car reservation aud information
furnished, and baggage checked at Office 1900 Penn
MIA Railroad 9th and sts JAS l. Tt iySIIasSSi'a-
Jal4 General Passenger Agent
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM.

The EVENING STAR claims 70 be, and can con.
clusvely establish that IL Is The best local aueTts-
ing medium in the World, No OTHER PAPER PRINTED
cIRcULATEs so MANY COPIES IN THE CITY OF RS
PUBLICATION. IN PROPORTION TO POPULATION Ii y
hardly too much to say that it is read by the men,
bers of every family in the District Of Columbia.
II is peculiarly the favorie Of the home circle and
is no less esteemed in the counting room and the
work shop. 1t follows. therefore, that as an agent
Of publicity within the National Capital and con-
uguous territory 1t has no rival An announce
n'e'afn ITS columns practically meets aUeye and
In proportion to the service it gives it's advertising
rates rank with the lowest in the country Being
io'c, they are rigidly adhered 10. There only re-
mains to be added on this head, as an indication
of the esteem in which the paper is held by the
business public. which best understands it's own
interests in this respect that both in the number
OF subscribers and Of new advertisements printed.
each year in the history OF the paper shows large
increase over its predecessor. For example during
the first nine months Of the present year
the average daily circulation Of the paper
has been 26,6s1 copies, and the whole
number of new advertisements printed 3e,oa3,
against an average daily circulation Of 25.427
copies and 1854 new advertisements dur
ing the corresponding period in 1887. In short,
THE STAR has neuer taken backward step, and
its conductors are determined that it never shall
AXE one
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
On the Isthmus of Panama.

AGENTS OF THE CANAL COMPANY JUST FROM
PARIS PROMISE THAT WORK WILL GO ON.
Panama advices of January 10 say that two
agents of the canal company had arrived from
Paris bringing encouraging news to the men at
work to the effect that in all probability more
money would be subscribed in France, and the
great undertaking pushed to completion. The
work will continue steadily until the 26th. I'M
der any circumstances, and perhaps beyond
that date. for there ia still sufficient money in
the treasury to keep the work going for three
months. The advices continue: 1T is well that
this news has come so OPPORTUNITY. The IN
certainty which has prevailed regarding the
possible action of the French people has put
the motley population along the line of the
canal in state of incipient tumult. Yesterday
it was reported that 1000 men had been dis
charged at Calebra; thata fight was in progress.
and that twenty Chinese had been killed"
This report was found to be untrue. Residents
on the isthmus fear what might occur if the
mongrel herd of workmen should suddenly be
turned adrift penniless by the stoppage of work
on the canal
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
T III T. I.
{: {; T a II II
F. 4 4 F. Fl !: = T. T. =
: "A : EEK Re- ssss ::


In presenting THE EVENING STAR In its nev
dress and improved form, attention is called % io
peculiar merits as q and family paper. -
wen as to the extraordinary advantages IL affords
70 advertisers.
hieh professional suthOrity-which in this in
stance only expresses public sentiment-has de-
ciafed that THERE Is NO BETTER EVENING
hh IN TIE UNITED STATES" than
ihh STAR But even more than this may be Justly
Chained forit In all that relates to the COMPOSE
WI. vi "nrs'ciass .odrnal devoted 10 nesos, bust
''"''S ana local Affairs, IL takes rank with
very "es' In the world and In the special quail
'''e' named II Is not surpassed by any. With
A'er'' 'n'eisent and Impartial special correspond
en's at all centers Of interest, by the free use d
the telegraph, and with the superior mechanica,
facilities with which its ONCE is equipped, It cOve
the whole field Of news, and is able to presents
reflex of the entire civilized world each day up to
the very moment of going to press. In these re-
spects The STAR is absolutely without rival, and
fearlessly challenges comparison, within range Of
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
LADIES' GOODS.

TINE FEDORA DRESS SHIELDS ARE PRO
Il nounced by Messrs WOODWARD LOTHROP
as the best in their stock. They have equal For
sale everywhere jaI geo
A LADY, FORMERLY CARRYING ON DRESS
Nmaking in New York, would like the patronage of
Washington ladies' Moderate prices and perfect MT
Cutting and basting specially. e ST. me- dl7-6w.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22

Notices have been posted throughout the
pudding department. of the Pottstowp. Pa
Iron company that general reduction viii
take place ON the 4th Of next month.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
THE WEEKLY STAR

THE WEEKLY STAR
Is especially commended to that portion Of the
reading public who desire to be kept advised Of
affairs at the seat of government and are situ-
ated as not to need care for a daily paper Its
in every respect q nrst-class family journal In
news is carefully collected. and may be depended
upon be fresh and authentic. Its scientific lite
rary, household and agricultural departments are
edited with the view Of meeting the wants and
tastes of an intelligent and reading public, and
of aIordiug assistance the student and those In
pursuit of general information Some Of the most
noted and learned men and women Of the country
are contributors to its columns It's ample tele-
graphic arrangements and fun corps Of special
correspondents enable it 70 lay before It's readers
every week all important happenings. foreign and
domestic, and especially such political, social, and
current events worthy Of note. In the states
of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland. North Caro-
lima, and those adjacent thereto.
The low price at which it is Published,
ONLY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.
brings It within the reach Of an None are % poo
that they cannot afford 10 take IT, and none % m
hat they can afford 70 DO withoutis
SEND FOR A PREMIUM LIST.
A IN extra inducements 10 new suhsu1bsu -
TIE wkExIr srAR. list Of vsinabass ussful -
Ornamental articles has been prepared, copy =
vhich win be mailed 70 any sddrss a sppaios'
sio.- Especially \ nis ~ vwshy - ssssnsos8
sesns and eanvssssA
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
POTOMAC RIVER BOATS

Mt. VERNON! nj. VERNON!
STEAMER W. W. CORCORAN
Leaves 1tstreet wharf daily (except SUNDAY, TO- ~,
vernon ana River Landings as far down as Glymont
=, ~ ociocx N Returning, reaches washingtoS
sl6 II pTAVr 60.
FOR POTOMAC RIVER LANDINGS
Il NEN IRON STEAMER "WAKEFIFID,
Leaves nth-street wharf on MONDAYS THTfRSpavs
and SATURDAYS at a. IN. Returning TIlFSDAvs
M DAio and sSNDAlS r.. m, touching at River
adinss as far as Nomini Creek vs ST Clements BAY
Shepherds. See schedule JOHN II pa n. fT. n a ~
c. W. RIDLEY. Manager ~
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22
GENTLEMEN'S GOODS.

-.
@. T. KEEN
TAILOR
oce4m 414 9TH STREET
III. ID. BARR
IMPORTER AND TAILOR
have just arrived.
NJ, BARR personally fits all garments made in his
iii PENNSYLVANIA AVE.
mhII Washington. d. @
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22

THE OPPOSITION FAVOR BUILDING THE POST
OFFICE on JUDICIARY soUARE-MEr By
VIGOROUS PROTEST AGAINST ENGINEERING
THE RrsERyATIoNs-A CLOSE VOTE
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22

Reader. there is but little more to add.
Crushed and broken, Gladys retired to con-
vent to end her life in quiet and solitude
The count left for his native country on foot
but haystack in which he was sleeping one
night took fire and he persisted in the flames.
THE End
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22

sale everywhere. jai9-eo
A LADY. FORMERLY CARRYING ON DRESS
Washington ladies' Moderate prices and perec III
Cutting and basting specially e ST. ne. dl7-6w.
Miss j. BoeeEss
MODEL RIDING HABITS
EVENING AND RECEPTION COSTUMES
ta5-1m' 1446 ost.
MIR. NJ A. HOFFMAN, LADIES, TAILOR. 42l
w 9th st makes Walking and Reception Dresses
Goats and Riding Habits specially Perfect TT guar
jsfSat Prices moderate Prompt attention to orders
Won, BRANDS. 1929 PENN. AVE.
Y Tailor-made Gowns, Riding Habits. Evening and
nj snd Sgrh one tt6s required Reasonable prices
Barr CO.. ST. LOUIS SutonRcles ma aStA ans
I AIDES, IF you WISH GOOD ANJ STYLISH
fitting Waist buy Whites Glove-fittng Ready Gu,
and Rey eT SSne seSa
SIsR15 Mhl,es stamp Oh them sid at the
lale-ot- Ladies' Tailor, 1ll0 st.
SUPERFLUoUs HAIR DESTROYED, LEAVING NO
oy my electric needle process endorsed BY
tbs it Eectrc yesment er s ssss and IN
1alI-2Ot' MRS. DIX. GABRIEL. 1921 q st. NV.
FRENCH DYEING, SECURING AND DRY CLEAN
fkG ESIABL nSa d295 New YORK ave
S Sn crREsh Hsye sPa Eysnns SsS ANrSS
and Maison iriese, Paris. JAIL
Il "FU RRIERS."
923 street, second floor,
And 1910 9Th st NV. between md o SITS. ja4-3m
Mile. nj. j. PnAspr
1929 st. (Mrs. Harrison,s)
FINE FRENCH HAIR GOODS
Also,
special selection in SHELL AMBER AND DULL
JET ORNAMENTS. SHAMPOOING.
Hair Dressed and Bangs Shingled. 1a4-lms
i lily DRESS SHIELDS ARE THE BEST MANU-
1Lufactured by the Brooklyn Shield Co., Brooklyn n
sold by all leading dry-goods houses i'll the United
otates. oc4tfeb1
A NTON FISCHERS DRY CLEANING ESTAB-
ALlSHMENI AND DYE WORKS. sos G st. NV
Ladies' and Gents Garments all kinds cleaned and
Dyed without being ripped. Ladies' Evening Dresses
speciality. Thlrty-hve Year, experience. Prices
moderate. Goods called for and delivered STA
A LL-wOOL GARMENTS MADE UP OR RIPPED
hdyed good mourning black.
A. FISCHER
SIS S06 ST. NV
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-01-22

"
eminent to the purchase of the plat proposed
by the committee on public buildings and
grounds Tor the erection of the proposed post
ofhee, building. The proposition before US il
To buy Tor S45O.OOO the lot due west across the
street. II L understand correctly, from Judi
ciary square. Why not If you are going into
that immediate section to erect this building.
take the Judiciary square lot and put your
building upon 1t. and save to the government
the amount required for this purchase $780,
OOO! We are told that this is a matter of con-
yenience to the citizens. But / venture to
suggest that the people of the city are not. in
fact, so much interested as gentlemen would
have US suppose. / concede. of course as an
absolute necessity, that this great city should
have a proper and adequate post-office build
ing; but under the carrier system. where we
have employed at public expense a large num-
Der of letter-carriers who 90 to every mart of
the city, there is not that necessity which has
been suggested for a large and expensive
building or particular or certain location
nor are the citizens 80 much interested as
claimed by those who seek to authorize the
purchase Of this private property. The gem
teman from Texas has said that this should be
a clean business transaction. and the govern
ment should use its own land which is as con-
venient a lot as that il is proposed to purchase
and can be utilized at a saving of nearly half a
million dollars. 1 ask if there is any sane indi-
vidual that would not avail himself of that
which he has and which is available for
the purpose, rather than put his
hand in his own pocket and pay
a half million of dollars unnecessarily for
the privilege of putting this building on an
other lot adjacent TO il? The fact is that some
how or other, irresistibly and without our
knowledge, every proposition to make an i'm
Proyement In Washington seems to have be-
hind as motive power the purchase of private
land: have experienced it myself from time
10 time IN the committees on which have
served, and can realize how others NAV have
lett IT Here Is proposition for the purchase
q. cost OF nearly half a million dollars of lot
right across the street from one owned bv
the government Why incur this expense when
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1889-07-28
STANDING BY THE FAMILY.
MIR. wooDFoRD's CoURrEsIEs.

"Good evening, sir,' said man with whi@
porcelain buttons his coat as he politely removed
a black straw hat with both hands. He was coming
down the front steps Of Madson-ave house and
had encountered the owner going up. g have Just
been readin' your dOOrplate Doorplsts OF the best
families are the only lit'ratoor 1 peruse now DO
not care fer grocery signs and bin boards The one
sir Is mediocre while find the other bombastc an
stilted My favrte readn' Is the engraved DOOR
plates of our first citizens. Dsionied an fragment
ary sir, but satisfactory 10 one Of cultivated tastes
YES answered the gentleman. suspiciousy'
"Your name l Learn went on the student OF
doorplate literature IS WoOdforl. My own humble
name Is also Woodford. There are many Woodords'
sir IL IS hardly likely sir that any relation
Il should be inclined to think not said the other
a. he shifted the air still suspicouslS and went
up two steps higher
PIob'ly no relation at least sir Ny own
family IS of English descent-my grandfather was
Kentish man. sir. Very likely your branch might
b, Irish or mebby Welsh. You amt got the kenush
nose, SIN"
&. Evidently not If you have What is your object
in OBTAINING me- ?"
simply this sir. Your name IS Woodford. my
own humble cognermen is also woOdford We may
be no relation. but l take an interest In anybody
beaItn' my name. You are in Wall street an 10
day you are making money with both hands-to- morrer
you may be nat on your back IL YOU ever get dowh
remember you have friend in Morgan Woodford who
will assist you 10 the extent OF his humDe capacity
for the name you bear. II you ever need help re-
member that letter sent to NJ. Woodfond. esq;
Mulberry Court. Bayapl-st, Will reach me- Should
be temporarily on the-er-shOuld be absent friends
will forward the COMMUNICATION" Good evening"
Mr. Woodford'
zone momentp sad the Madison ave. Woodfor
Il trust you would not be- insuted should l offer
you the temporary loan Of 80 cents and he advanced
a half dollar toward the other
"Sir your Kindness oyerpOwers me. You belong
TO our branch Of the family after all. accept the
coin, TO be returned to-m0rrow-not later DO not
forget me II you ever find yourself hOored. Remem
Der that y tue Woodford forgets another Wood
nj
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1889-07-28
YOUNG WINDERINK.

They shot young Windebank just here,
by Merton, where the sun
Strikes on the wall. Twas In year
OF blood the deed was done.
Al morning from the meadows dim
He watched them dig his grave.
Was this I'm truth the end for him,
The well-beloved and brave
He marched with soldier scarf and sword,
set free TO die that day.
And free TO speat once more the word
That marshalled men obey.
But silent on The silent band
That faced him stern as death,
He looked, and on the summer land
And on the grave beneath.
Then with a sudden smile and proud
lie waved his plume and cried.
The king the king" and laughed aloud,
The king the Hngl' and died.
let none affirm he vainly fell,
And paid the barren cost
vi having loved and served too we'll
n poor cause and a lost.
He In the souls eternal cause
- went forth as martyrs must
The kings who make the spirit laws
And rule us from the dust.
Whose wills mistaken by the breath
OF adverse Fate, endure,
10 give Us honor strong as death.
ANA loyal love sure.
Margaret Woods.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1889-07-28

ney are generally better knit have more wire In them
anu can stand draft their powers OF endurance
guer disadvantageous circumstances better than can
Englls hmen. Give an Englishman his four regular
square, meals every day his regular eight hours
sieep every night and no thought 10 disturb ms
eqniibf1um but what he shall do next to amuse MIN
seii or whether he has a good appetite for dinner
anu ne VIII look veritable Hercules In nesh What
can ne do! good dea-anythin almost requiring
Inuscle-so long he keeps up his conditions OF 1000
steep, exercise. and absence Of thought interrupt
one OF these sources of his national strength, ahd
where Is her
Let any one try campaigning and roughlng with
Engllshnen and he will what loss oil
sieep want OF regular food and any rihing business
anxiety VIII do for them. In short. they lack me
enduring powers of Americans, the grit which carries
an AmericaI~Jver and above all obstacles, ana en-
sDles him to do on one meal and n few hours sleep
what an Engllshman can only do when he Is fed anu
rested have had occasion 10 compare these staylD
qualities OF the two countries and have seen Tie
Americans wiry tOughness carry him along Wh'Ie
vupted supplies
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1889-07-28
Ahmed Ben Amen, the seer. but he lies nigh

Ahmed Ben Amen, the seer, but he lies MS"
unto death at this moment" .,, ,ro
Mr. Blake showed this parchment TO an tno Pr
fessors and experts in the nelghborhOou, ouf
oil failed to understand the hieroglyphics; 49,,
Ahmed Ben Amen recovered, therefore, 'heio "'
no chance. - i,h tbe
mummy? II was an awkward kind OF poSs s,in u,
and hotellccpers objected to 1t as being Ilaoe "
attract robbers. Besides. Mr.. Blake dalE -
pected TO be sent on his expedition, SO M NvSenm
mined TO dispatch Vasartas TO the Brltlsn .uu''u
at once, and so get rid of his reSponS
the period of my stay was at an end uhuer rnev
TO look after the lady on the homeWan ~ idea
though truth TO tell didn't hall IKE s cue the
but, as fate would have IT, luckily . l,U averv
mummy escort point of view, unucKly iron. ic,c1
other two days before my departure was s' io,y
down with fever. OF course there Wa d ~ or
inc how long il might be until should yoidod
IL ever I shoud recover at ALL so it was deciue ,.
that Nasartas should not walt ior ny 80 55nsuT.
herself protected in some measure ny "'"''
ance. hool, 90 1eoIth
Mr. Blake set himself TO nurse me back TO h neer
and stren 9th and more tender huisc NJ
smoothed sick mans pillow, OF nv ,opr, hours
presence to lessen the tedlu1n Va ~ and 7 had
Fortunately my illness was not serious, a anu -
mrned fine corner before Mr. Blake go1 hls ofutis
10 proceed hp country, and Whch t.o uaS
departure came was strong enousI ; ~ rnye ~
him few miles on his way IN I ',.as none the
naIm ,rces we nsrted and our parting was NUM- o'e
pan, o tbot there we're tears in the eyes OF one
of us-for Mr. Blake had been nl,e I"u I ~ 1i1 ~
This parting, too. meant more ' TnooIis for IL
behind ms Law the shadows of peace ana lrienusnP'
and the memory of happy DAY spe" W. n1 mo,
the vista of the future lay whdt! WE MY" IL ~
on,, moro than we knew what lay thousahu miIes
1aI1omd in that yellow sand stretching away peloIe
ne ont ~ sight As turned my face again toward
Cairo felt the sense Of having iosu s ome.I III
lost it past all finding; ana Wneh ,ho"oht
had never been in so dreary pace. resoiNVu W
leave for England by the next steamer