The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1889-10-25
ISToRY OF TELEGRAPHY.

r..
Six hundred years b. c., Thalcs, OF
Milctc, noted tho electrical phenom-
cna and developed by friction upon
amber; 200 years later Plato thcorized
upon electricity, and A. ID. 1922 Mar
tinigo, O Venetian, tho engineer in de-
fcnso Of Rhodes, applied ono end of
drum head mt tho end of his counter
mino to discover tho vicinity and
direction of tho cncmy's underground
galleries, and thus, by utilizing tho
molecular disturbance of tho Garth III
sound waves, conceived the basis OF
telephony 1t was not, however,
until a. d. 1000, that Won Gucricl,
made The first machine for generating
frictional electricity, nor until A. ID.
i726, that Wood recorded the fact that
frictional electricity would pass
through q considerable lcngth OF wire,
and could therefore bo utilized for tine
transmission of signals. To Wood, OF
England, is therefore duo tho honor
Of first suggesting tho feasibility OF
electric tclcGraphy.
A. d. 1875, Murschcnbrok, Ger
many, invented tho Loyden jar. ~
which means friotional electricity
could be stored for experimental pur>
poses. a. ID. 17i7, DR.. Watson, Eng
land, erected tho first telegraph line
between Shooters Hill and London,
and A. ID. 1853, c. NJ. (bclicvcd to be
tho initials of Charles Matthcws) pub
lishcd tho manner in which he had in
dicatcd the letter.; of tho alphabet
through n system of twcnty-six wires,
by frictional electricity. During the
latter halfof the Eighteenth century
| inventors of all nations cndcavorcd,
| by means of two or moro wires and
frictional electricity, to transmit in
| tclligcncc between distant places; but
| it was not until A. d. 1900, when
| Volta proclaimed his own and Gal
wants prior experiments in the produc-
ton of chemical electricity, that cleo
trio tclcgraphy, as now developed, be-
camo practicable.
\. u. 1910, Ocrstcd Ocnmarll) dis
covered that. a freely suspended mag
nctizcd needle would move to the
right or left, in accordance with the
| polarity of u current of electricity
through an adjacent wire. n. ID.
1920, Arago (hruncc) discovered that
when bar of soft iron was wound
with copper or insulated iron wire, il
became amagnct whcncvcra current OF
electricity travcrScd tho wire and was
Immediately dcmagnctizcd Cor nearly
from the source of current
A. ID. 1852, Faraday (England dis
covered that when u coil of insulated
wire was placed adjacent to, but no
connected with, another coil of wirc
through which mn intermittent currcm
of electricity was passed, induced cur
rents of incrcuGCd intensity and alter
nuling polarity wcrc developed in tn,
unattached coil. Also that the move
mcnt of Il permanent bar magnet with
in coil of wire, or the movement o
an clcctro-magnct near the poles of ;
permanent magnet, would develop cur
rents OF electricity. To the forcgoin;
rudimcntal discoveries of Galvani ant
Volta, OcrStcd, Arngc and Faraday i
tho world indebted for the numcrou
I FROM w oo,lS, first conception of nr
I acknowledgement, a. d. 1926, more thar
T. century elapsed before Cooke and
! Mhcatstono InglnnO, \. y. 1897
| adapted Ocrstcd's discovery of 4. D.
$50, to the first practical and com
mcrcially successful system of what
may be termed visual electric tclcgra
ply; and some months later Morse and
i Nail, United State::, adapted hrago's
discovery of y. d. 1870, TO the first
fyStcm of recording electric tclcgra,
ply, Vail being the inventor of the
dot and dash alphabet
! y. ID. 1888, StCinhill, Germany,
! fdaptrd Ocrstcd'a discovery to the first
! recorded system of sound or aural tclc-
/ graphy, and first utilized tho earth in
J, lieu of II second wire or all metallic
! circuit. 1t is by no means certain that
! there IL any electric current flowing
! through u wire, or that wave of
( electricity, liE" the waves of sound,
travcrScS it. 1t is simply Il customary
( expression to Indicate u difference in
/ and around n Wire TO the conditions in
| which said wire was when no electric
| ity was present in n.
y. u. 1882, Whcatstonc invented
the step by step alphabetical indicating
tclcgraph; and y. ID. 1918, House, Eng.
land, invented the alphabetical typo
printing telegraph, which was subssc-
qurnly improved upon by Hughes,
ENGLAND. y. ID. 1916, B;.inc, England,
invented the chemical dot and dash
recording telegraph, which, combined
with NhcatStoncS automatic trans
lnittcr, Is the most rapid method of con-
vcying intelligence i'll present opera
ton.
Finally, y. d. 1876, Bell, United
States, invented the telephone, and by
accomplishing the electrical transmits
sion Of speech, thus attained possibly
tho highest degree Of perfection in i'll
tcrc0mmunicatiOn OF intelligence
l.. w. Osborne