davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
A tremendous lot of Baby Car
riages just received at
E fp Gnrr,,,,

"A tremendous lot of Baby Car
riages just received at
j +. T. STEHLE's.
An immense stock of straw hats,
stiff hats and felt hats of all kinds
and at low prices, just opened at
j. F. 7. STEHLE's.
Cows in the Wheat Field"- a
new puzzle, just received at
j. F. T. STEHLE's.
Good carts for SIS at Martin
court & Co.'S, Cunningham St, But
ler
We have ten thousand dollars
worth of furniture in our three ware.
rooms at No. l9 Jefferson St., Butler.
Pa. The best as well as the cheap
est, but all the best made for the price,
All persons will find it to their ad-
vantage to examine our stock and as
certain our prices before purchasing.
MILLER Bros.
If you think the CITIZEN a wor-
thy county paper, help us along by
subscribing for it.
Fancy Silks, Pushes, velvets
and Ribbons at
PAPE's.
Spin wheels, torpedoes and all
kinds of fire works at
j +. L. STEHLE's
-$45 is all that it takes to buy II
good top buggy at Martincourt d
Co.'S, at their own warerooms on
Cunningham St. We live in Butler
We pay no rent nor board bills We
do the work ourselves-and sell you
the very same buggy for S45, that
others, who are at expense for travel
ing, etc, must sell for $55 to 500
Do you care for $40 or SIS. If you
don't then buy from others. If you
do then walk down Cunningham 81.
to our place.
S. b. MARTINcoURT & Co
Use Double All o. X. Horse Lini-
ment, best iu the world. For swell
ings, bruises, stiffness of joints, rheu-
matism, lameness, sore shoulders,
ring-bone, sweeny and SPAWN; it has
no equal. For sale by j, G. REDICK,
2.i8.3m. No. 5, n. Main ST.
Butler, Pa.
Wall papers, mouldings, oil
cloths, window shades at OsBoRNE's.
Best makes Of black and colored
Henrettas from 25 cents to Sl.25 per
yard. Silk Wraps Henriettas from
80 cents 10 50 Fine serges, de
almas, tamise, sebastopols, and many
other sty les of fine Dress Goods at
lowest prices at
l.. STEIN ~ SONS.
The Butler Creamery, No. l3,
w. Jefferson St., churns fresh butter
from sweet cream every morning.
"A. No. |. all husk mattress, guar
anteed, not mixed with excelcer at
lower figure than can be had else
where in Butler, at Miller Bros,
furniture store, No. 10 Jefferson st.
Send for catalogue Of Prospect
Academy. The Principal will gladl y
answer any questions concerning the
school. Fall Term begins Tuesday,
Aug. l3.
+. w. Magee, Prin,
Prospect, Pa.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
LATE PROPERTY TRANSFERS.
Marriage Licenses.

Andrew Bell.-..-.-.-Alle Allegheny City
At Pittsburg-S. W. Harley Of Petrolia
and Miss Aggie Mullen of Braddock.
At Washington, Pa.-Andrew ?. Jack
Of North Hope and Maggie AeGarvey OF
Baldwin.
At Pittsburg-Frank Potts of Sharpsburg
and Annie Docks of Saxonburc.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
New Advertisements.

Merchants Picnic, August Z.
o. C. Sale, estate of WIN. G. Duncan.
New Locals-Sunbury Academy, Slip
peryrock Normal, Renfiew Academy,
Edinboro Normal, Baby Carriages.
NoTE-An advertisers intending to make
changes in their ads. should notify us oi
their intending to do so, not later than
Monday morning.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Lawn Fete.

The Y. W. G. 7. u. will hold lawn
iete on the grounds of W. ID. Brandon,
Esq, on Tuesday evening, July 80.
Good music will be rendered.
Come and spend a pleasant evening out
of doors.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Teachers Wanted.

The School Board Of Winfield township
will meet in the Central School house on
Saturday, August 18th, to elect teachers
for the ensuing term of six months. Wages,
s35 per month.
AUGUST FRUEuLISG, Pres.
A. KRACsE, Sec'y.
Denny 7. o.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

AT the Normal School, Edin-
boro, students learn how to study,
how to recite and how to teach; they
acquire selfreliance, energy and con-
tidence.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

The Fall Term of Renfrew
Academy will commence Tuesday
August 20. In addition to the regu.
lar course of study, telegrapby short
haud, music and drawing will be
taught by competent teachers. For
circulars address,
j. G. TINsTMAN. A. NJ,
Renfrew, Pa.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Bargains


For the next sixty days, in order
to reduce our stock, we will quote
special low prices on all our stock.
We have on hands thirty bed room
sets ranging from SIS to $3.50 per
set
Thirteen upholstered parlor suits
ranging from S35 to $3.50 per suit.
Parlor stands from $3.50 to $40.
Lounges from $3.50 to $25.
Hat racks from So to $50.
Tables from $l.25 to $40.
Wash-stands from 50 to SIS.
Bureaus from 50 to $25.
Sets of chairs from 50. rs to SIG per
set
Secretaries from SIG to $40.
Easy chairs, handsome pictures,
room ornaments, ETC., any of which
would make both useful and appropri-
ate presents.
MILLER BROS.
No. 10, Jefferson St.. Butler, Pa.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Baby fire crackers, and boys fire
crackers, and Jumbo fire crackers at
j. +. T. STEHLE's.
Who is w. M. Nickle.

The man with the nerve
to give you dollars worth OF
goods for one dollar, dozen clothes
pins. one cent; full paper needles one
cent; box of 200 Parlor Matches,
one cent; tumblers, two cents; gal
Ion bucket, seven cents; two gallon
bucket, ten cents; a one half gallcn
bucket with cover, elk CENTS at the
5 cent store, opposite Bank.
w. NJ. NIcKLE, Manager
All kinds Of fire works at
j. +. L. STEHLE's.
261359
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
SunburY Academy.

The Fall Term of Sunbury Acad.
emy will open August 90. Full
corps OF teachers; instruction thor
ough Information regarding the
school cheerfully furnished. Write
for catalogue Address
T. +. MoFFAT,
Coultersville, Pa
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Jordan S Restaurant

All our readers visiting Butler
will do well to go to Sam Jordan's
restaurant for their meals We serve
lunches, soft drinks. tobacco and
cigars No. 4, S. Main St., under
Schneideman's clothing store.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Lost!

One Dollar-Every time you spend
Two Dollars for glass or tinware or
notions without first visiting W. NJ.
NIcKLE's Five Cent Store, opposite
Bank.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

Beautiful pictures at very low
prices at Miller Bros furniture store,
No. 10 Jefferson st.
just opened big lot of Fine Per-
Gales, best goods and choicest styles,
at prices ranging from 8 to l29 cents
per yard at
l.. STEIN Il Sons.
Five cents will buy two quarts
of buttsrmilk at the Creamery.
Everything in the Buggy,
Wagon, Cart and Harness line cheap
at MARTINcoURT IL Co.'S,
Cunningham ST., Butler.
Subscribe for the CITIZEN, the
oldest Republican paper of the county
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

LOCAL ASSEMBLY S59S, knights of La
bor, meets every Friday night in the Car
penterx and JoIners Hall, third floor, Husei-
ion building. JOHN II. REIBER, Rec. Sec.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
LEGAL NEWS.


Jacob Kaufman has been appointed tax
collector for Zeiieuopic.
The hearing in The ease eI the Com rs
Juo c Adams for the cutting Of Blackl5
and Hahn was fixed for last Monday after
noon. but as Blackle was not able 10 be
about it was postponed till MONDAY, Aug.
18th. and Simeon Nixon and Ed Roach
went surety for Adams in $1,000.
Letters of admin were granted to W c
Detrick in estate Of Henry q Detrick OF
Copnq'g twp.
Somebody stole some oil well property
from the c. Duffy farm in Donegal twp,
but Col. Redic. who Is in charge of it.
found out where the property was and they
agreed 20 take it back.
LATE PROPERTY TRANSFERS.
Cath Rodgers to D ; Rodgers 81 acres IN
Fairview twp for $1,000.
Alex Williams to W Z Reed lot in But
Ter for $l00
s 4 Z.egler to \ Kennedy lot in Ad-
ans for $1,000.
Mary Boyd to c McCandless acres in
Butler for $236s.
c MeCandless to P & W K r 7 acres in
Butler for $500.
Jno Lyon to Fred Mertz lot in Butler for
5000
DR. \ Henlen to Jane Shryock lot in
North Washington for $500, and X \ Mii-
film to same lot in same for 500.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

To the People Of Butler County:
of
be held SippeyTock Wednesday,
jolly time
follows: ZOO, 500
IO3O $780, m Ills, $780, Sos 700 p Trains will
be returning every hour.
a In
Lemon deandCoHe be he'd hccto
be o
anu By order o Commit
Permane
w. II.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Two Buck boards

For Sale. Inquire at No. So, South
Main St., Butler, Pa
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

The average expense at Edin.
boro Normal School is $l35 a year
Send for new catalogue.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
pIrTsBURG PRODUCE.


Timothy hay from country wagons Slj
to &lS: mixed hay 9.50 oats 81 to 30; rye
as to %; wheat 81 to 81; corn IL to 30
-four a to So; rye -four 50; timothy seed
l.G5: cloverseed 81 to $50
Apples 81 to 3. 80 r. Dbl; butter, choice
country roll to IL; fancy II to l3; fresh
eggs in cases IA and Is; feathers mixed &c
to Sc, live geese 30 to 90; rags Il; tallow
A; chickens, live 65 to 20 p pr, spring 81
to 40 dressed young y TO IL potatoes l.
80 to 175 n bbl; cucumbcrs 10 r bbl;
cabbage ! 80 p Dbl; blackbeTies 60 to 20
r. pail; huckleberrieS IS to LOO r pail.
HERR's ISLAND LIVE STOCK.
Sales were made OF beeyes at from 3 to
Al; dry cows l. to q or $l5 to $25 head
bulls brought to 3; veal calves to g.
fresh cows $2J to S4J.
Sheep sold at 81 to 81 and lambs at to
GI J. Wright sold Butler Co., sheep ut /
to A. and lambs at > to 6; Reiber d Son
got for sheep and to 81 for lambs. The
pens were pretty well cleared by 9 a. N.
Hogs were quoted at Al to 4.80
THE OH MARKET.
For the second time this year oil sold at
81 p Dbl last Monday.
On Wednesday, oil jumped to l.0l and
fraction, which with the 20 cent prem
ium made Butler Co., oil worth over L2l
"a bb1
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
srzx. n.. a population Of over 7ooo.

BrrxxH has o population OF over 1900
Il Is the County seat Of Butler County, Win
four railways. natural gas. and unequalled
facilities for Manufactures.
Progress everywhere: new buildings. nc"
manufactures. q growing and prosperous to"n'
TRAINS AND MAILS.
wxxr Prxx X. R-Trains leave Butter LOT
prrrnnrf. Biairsyflle PittsburE NJ GO anu 80
=. M and Ta5 and 500 y n Mails caoss r1 apl apl
these points nj SOS q %. ana 10 " N'' anu
rive ~ iar50 n m. and 5D p m-
suxxaxso r. R-Trains leave for Greenyille
a no and le9o a m. and sro6 p. m Malls close
a $50 and ieoo n m and arrive at 2-ss ana GO
ID m-
PkwR R-Trains leave Butler for Ale
ra,eny II cas- s.Is and 1910 a. IN; and l2:I5: go
ana DO D. IN. For the North lor2i a. m ana t-t1
4 M rs D. m Mails close for the West at $50
for Piffsburg again At i2o5 p. m. for local points
we<r al GALLERY at 20 p- m for Mlllerstown
40 H. m. for local points south ana eastern
through mails nj p. m. and for OIL City and
rnsd nom Pittsburr and on City at s;is a m.
P5ffsburr and the East at &l5. Pittsbnrg and
Iocal af 1ese: Miilerstown l0;s0 a. m, Pitts
burg af l2-D and p. m. Parker and North at
GO D. m, Pittsburg at s:55 and s3o p m.
STAR RorrEs-Daily mail for Mt. Chestnut
leaves Butler r: o. at y. IN. and returns at 5:i5
p. m Tn-weekIy. Monday. wednesday and
Friday TO North Hope, Hooker and other points
arrives q II . m and departs at i3o p. m.
Money orsers can be secured at the post
Offices nj Butler. Prospect. Miilerstown lBarn-
hart Mtilsl. centrevflle tSlipperyrock, Petrolia.
ksrns CITY and Renfrew. The fee L Iive cents is
etc. Postal notes which are no SAFER than en-
closing money. as they are made payable 20
anybody. cost cents for IS. or less
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Beautiful Flowers.

The fower-loviDg people of But
Ter, OF whom we are glad to say
there are great many, are fast be-
ginning to rea lie The superior facil-
tiles Mr. Harry Chapel the William
sport florist has for furnishing the
beautiful in his line. We give the
following letter which was sent spon-
taneously by one of the leading am
ateur florists of our town, and one,
too, who is well qualified to pass
judgment in that line:
BUTLER, PA, June II, 1889
Kr. Harry Chapel.
DEAR SIR;-Plants arrived on Sat
urdav all o. X They were fine and
much better than | expected, coming
through the flood and owing to the
lateness of the season. | am salts
fed that you do not conduct your
business on big catalogues and small
plants but on small catalogues aud
large plants. | was more than graf
fled at your liberality.
very Respectfully,
d. A. HECK.
There are others who speak just as
highly of this house, and plants we
got are the finest we ever saw ship
ped from greenhouse. In addition
to cheapness, Mr.. Chapel always in
cludes number of extra plants which
haye here caused a great deal of de-
light and satisfaction. We would
advise everyone to sen / for Chaapel's
"Book of Flowers and Plants" which
will be sent free in response to any
request.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

For pure butter go to the But
Ter Creamery.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
The Market
BUTLER MARKETS.

Our grocers are paying 10 for eggs; l2l
for butter; 30 for potatoes; 80 for apples;i
t o 20 for spring chickens; Loo bu for on
ions; 80 for string beans; % a bu for peas.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
l.. STEIN & Sons,

New black and colored silks,
Satin Rhademes, Satin De Luxons,
surahs, moires and gros grains, best
makes and warranted to wear. Prices
lower than elsewhere at
L. STEIN IL Sons.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26
Have You Heard the News!

Have You Heard the News!
Almost everybody talks
about the Great Clearance Sale
at the
New York Bazaar.
Yes, we have marked all
our goods down, they must 90
before the summer season is
over, we are not in habit to
carry over goods from one sea-
son to another.
Millinery at Half Price.
Sateens, challies, lawns, ,ging-
hams. cashmeres, black goods,
silks, etc., all reduced.
Hosiery and underwear at q
big sacrifice.
Come and see for yourself
for we have no room to name
all the bargains. We only
advertise the truth. We do
not misrepresent. We guaran-
tee to produce everything we
advertise. Do not delay but
come at once we'll make it in
teresting for you.
New York Bazaar,
LEADING BARGAIN STORE
No. 60. s. Main st.,
Butler, Pa.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

Our line Of corsets can't be beat,
we have them from the lowest priced
goods up to the finest satin at $3.50
per pair. Also full line of ladies
and Misses Corset Waists.
l.. STEIN q Son.
We are selling furniture lower
than it has ever before been sold in
Butler, and after using it you will
say that it is what we said it was,
otherwise no sale at MILLER Bros,
No. 10 Jefferson St.,
Teachers and others will find it u
good thing to do to attend the Sum
mer Institute at Slipperyrock Normal
from July 2 to August 2. $3.50
will pay all expenses Write for
room to Summer Institute, Slippery
rock. Pa.
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

Flowers on Top of the Ale
ghenies.
At Overlook" the Essick Noun
tain Home, Highland Lake, Pa, sit
uated high up on the Alleghenies Mr..
Harry Chaapel, the popular Williams
port florist has established one OF
the finest floral displays to be found
at any resort One bed is 60 feet in
diameter and filed Tropical Foliage
Plants. If you are in want Of rest or
recreation visit Overlook
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

1t is well known that we do the
Hosiery trade of the town. One
trial will convince you that you can
do better with us than any place
else
Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1889-07-26

Enlarged store, new lines of
goods, low prices at OsBoRNE's, No.
8, f. Jefferson St., Butler.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1889-11-21
THE NEW SENATOR'S.


The new states are not making as
brilliant beginning in the senatorial
roundup as had been hoped. Instead
of selecting men of shining abilities for
senators, and thus establishing a pres
tige for the great Northwest Immediately
upon entering the federal union, the new
states have unfortunately adopted the
vicious customs prevailing in the older
states. and for the most part are getting
second-rate men, whose highest ambi-
ton will be to protect railroad subsidies
and to distribute federal offices. Out in
Washington the senatorial places were
disposed of on the California plan. They
were put up for sale and knocked down
to the highest bidder. Consequently the
new state of Washington helps to swell
the millionaire population of the
senate without improving either the
brains or the character of that body.
We look for better things from Mon
tana, although the millionaires of that
state poured out money laviShly to cor
rupt the ballot and are now resorting to
trickery to overthrow the honest vote of
IuC lGH CbalCs NOIGn DdhOld
named one senator, and, although the
second one is yet to be chosen. the
unanimity in the selection of the first is
fairly good evidence that craftsmanship
is to cut no figure in North Dakota poll
tics. Politicians of the regulation plan.
and in some Instances mere political adj
venturers, are to be preferred to the
oE I.-ax h.. h.
real builders of the new states. South
Dakota has Deen more fortunate with at
least one of her senator's. Although a
fierce partisan, and a man whose judy
ment is too often warped by his
preiudiees, Judge MooDY's abil-
tiles are recognized wherever he
is known, and he is a man who
will command respect in any legislative
body. Of all the senators yet named
from the new states, he alone comes up
to the proper senatorial measurement
His colleague is wholly inexperienced
in public affairs, and will never be IN
Washington anything more than he is
at hOme-a Dakota hustler. Mr.. PET
TIGREw will doubtless exhibit wonder
lul dutIity III CtihiolhS 1ilouSh Iuo ut-
partments and hunting out the soft
snaps for his office-seeking constituency,
but he will be dwarfed out of sight
when he undertakes to fill seat once
occupied by WEBSTER or CALHOUN.
However much craftsmanship is deteri-
GRATED, one thing is reasonably certain
the interests of the corporations will
be promoted by the Northwest's new
addition to the senate.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1889-11-21
PARK IMPROVEMENTS.

The GLOBE does not propose to take
a part in the controversy between
Comptroller ROCHE and the park COM
miSSiOnerS, relative to the Carpenter
Lookout property. The courts are COM
petenT to decide the questions of law
involved, without the assistance of the
newspapers. But, we do feel inclined
TO direct the attention of the park COM
missiOners to the point upon which the
comptroller hinges his action, not for
the purpose of influencing this partlc-
ular case, but simply to remind them of
an important duty they have TO perform
under the law, and which has been
strangely overlooked by them. The
law provides. in the plaineSt language.
that the park commissioners shall
devise some system of general
park Improvement. 1t was no er-
rOr by which this provision crept
into the law. 1t was put there
Willingly, and for a purpose. The
people of this city have grown tired of
the desultOry method Of park improve
ment which has prevailed all this time,
and to the city's hurt. We have been
laundering along without anything like
system or method. until there has been
a great deal of money spent and very
little to show for it. There has long
been popular desire to have reform
in our public improvement methods, so
that we might proceed hereafter with
some attention to the rules which gov
ern everyday business affairs, and
adopt a systematic plan of improve
ments. For the last five years the
GLOBE has been urging this policy, and
public sentiment has sustained US
in the demand. The legislature
kindly came to our assistance by max
ing it mandatory upon the park
commissioners TO pursue this course,
and yet the mandate is UNDECIDED. Why
is it so? What reasons have the park
commissioners to offer in explanation of
their disregard of the plain provisions
of the law? 1t is not our business to de-
eide whether the cOmptroller's Office is
purely ministerial in its functions or
whether it is quasi-jud cial. That is
matter for the courts, and we do not
propose to NEEDLE with it. But we do
know that public sentiment demands of
the commissioners to adopt and pursue
a systematic plan for park improve
ments, and to abandon the hurtful, as
well as unbusineSs-like. policy which
has prevailed heretofore.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1889-11-21

love-making, the result of which was
that they were married before the term
was up. There Is nothing so stringent
as college laws. so the bridal students
were indefinitely suspended. But the
trouble has just begun for the college
The other students took the matter up.
because they imag ned tina the action of
the faculty in SuSpenunug Mr. ana Mrs.
1ETER was blow at the inalienable
right of every sehOOlboy and every
schoolgirl. They were not willing to
submit to an abridgment of the most
sacred right school kid possesses, that
of lOve-making; so number of them
have served notice on the college fac
ulty that unless the married couple are
reinStated, they will leave and go to
rival college. 1t is crucial hour for
the college, but we hope to see the fac
ulty stand by their guns. An eXcep-
tiOnal love affair in schools where CO.
education is tolerated cannot be
avoided, but let it be the exception.
Let the boys and girls understand that
the sparkling must be done at home. If
the Des MOines faculty give in, then
every college in the country will have
to establish a chair on cOurtShip and
marriage. 1t will be the only way to
gain popularity with the young folks.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1889-11-21
THE UNWRITTEN LAW.

An interesting decision has recently
been rendered by the New York court
of appeals. which exemplifeS the force
of the "unwritten law" in sustaining
the point that a person cannot be le-
gally benefited by the result of his own
crime. A young scapegrace, sixteen
years of age, poisoned his grandfather
by pouring stryehnine into his rum jug
in sufficient quantity to kill the old
usher. He did it with the knowledge
that his grandfather had made will in
his favor; but the grandparent being
married again, the boy was afraid that
the old man would change the will. He
was arrested and tried for murder. but
with that perversity characteristic of
American juries. he was found guilty
only of murder in the second degree:
and instead of sending him to state
prison for life, the judge gave him a
sentence of three years in the state
refOrmatory. When the boy got out he
Immediately proceeded to take posses
sion of the property which he had &C
CURED through his murder ofhis grand
father. His aunts sued to dispossess
him, and after going through all the
courts to the one of last resort, the
learned judges decided that, notwith-