davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Workmen's advocate., 1889-06-29
JUNE 29, 1889.
UNION AND OISUNION.

SINISN PNlND C1o V lSiolN,
 While the people are disunited there is, of course, little chance of their emancipation from the degrading condi tions of the prevailing industrial slavery. Whether the capitalist class purposely and consciously, or merely instinctiveIy favors the social and political arrange ments which keep the people apart and isolated from each other as much as possible, may for the present remain matter for conjecture. It is certain, however, that while in the cities the wage workers may be crowded in tene- ment houses by night and in factories by day, they are as ''independent" and isolated in regard to an understanding of their social position and the possibil- ities open to them as if they were living in the sparse settlements of the iron tier, relying upon their individual ef- forts for a livelihood. They work in cooperation and live divided; the con- petition between them for the privilege of working in the factory or in the mine makes them feel that every other mans interest IS opposed to theirs, and under the competitive system as it now prevails this Is really the case.
 Capitalism requires the laborers to be united in order to carry out the plans of the capitalists who are engaged in manufactures, and the workers unite for the nonce, Their incentive to this union isquite different from that of their employer. He has a certain object in view, and by the power of his position, that of a central director, he can so utilize the labor of his employees that the best possible results-for him-are achieved. The laborers' incentive to ''get together" under the command of an employer Is the fear of poverty. of hunger. The laborer, in the modern industrial States, in order to be able to get access to bread, must have some value to exchange for it, and the only avenue open to him is the selling of his labor to whoever will buy.
 Now, as the unemployed laborers outnumber by far the demand for their labor, they compete for the privilege of working-in other words, they make bids for bread, while the laborer who is willing to pay the highest price-most efficiently serve capital-gets the loaf; and those who fail, instead of recogniz. ing their common interest, only wait for another chance to compete against each other for chance to work-they remain disunited, and their personal in- terests remain antagonistic.
 This habit of personal antagonism un- fortunately clings to the workers in their character as citizens, and when the old party politicians raise the cry of pro lection" and free trade" the workers range themselves in opposition to each
Workmen's advocate., 1889-06-29

Action speaks louder than words. Independent political action is the So- cislist idea.
Workmen's advocate., 1889-06-29
NOTES.
Late returns make it probable that a Party Congress will be held this year. Chicago seems to be the place.
nevertheless.

Little Switzerland has informed Ger many that she will do her own police duty, and has already invited foreign" Socialists to emigrate. Swiss Socialists will, however continue to agitate in the land of William Tell. Germany intimates that if Switzerland was big. ger she'd get thrashing Meanwhile the Socialists carry on their historic mission.
Workmen's advocate., 1889-06-29

under the trust system, then this unan- swerable rejoinder to State socialism will no longer have any applicability.- Boston Herdld.
Workmen's advocate., 1889-06-29

NOTICE TO sUBsCRIBERs.-The date after your name upon the address label at tached to your paper is the date of expiration of subscription. Thus mchSs means that your subscription expires with the end of March, 1888. Send your subscription money early, and notify us of any fault in delivery or error on our part.
Workmen's advocate., 1889-06-29

Interesting corresa aondence solicited from pro letarians in all parts of the world. Letters re- curing answers should contain return postage
Workmen's advocate., 1889-06-29
SOCIALIST LABOR PARTY

NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, W, IIiNTzE, Secretary, g East Fourth street, N T. BOARD OF SCrERvsIoN, 4. NEGESpAEK Score. tary, a09 Race street Philadelphia, Pa LABOR Nrws Co., PARTY JoB PEINrEHY,
 25 East Fourth street. New York.
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
Cnnsumption of Ties.

Assuming the entire railroad system Of the
United States to be 10000 miles, as appears
from Poor's Manual with The addition of the
lines in construction during the current year,
and taking 2,640 ties per rlile of track, we
have in use at least 42e, 100000 ties. This es-
innate, large though the total appears, Is ur-
der the mark, as no railroad uses less than
264o ties per mile, and many of the roads
with heavy traffic have 2,Sl6, and in few
cases more.
The life of these ties varies according TO
their quality and the climatic conditions; but
:n the east, where only the best ties are en-
ployed, the average life is found TO be about
six years, while in the west, WI poorer
quality of timber often has TO be accepted,
and where dry rot and other disadvantages
have TO be contended with, the average life
IS from three to FIVE years; so that even after
allowing for few exceptional cases in which
ties may last ~ years, the average life Of
ties all over ountry cannot be counted
as more thai years
It follows, therefore. that the annual con-
sumption must be about 81, SOC, coo, which,
with steady increase of railroad building,
must soon exceed 100000, Goa gigantic de-
mand 10 be satisfied from our forests each
wear. when we consider the many other calls
upon them, and the fact that at present viz
tually nothing is being done by the govern
ment or the people TO replenish our source of
supply.
The certain rise in the price Of wooden
Ses, when these facts come to be fully sppre-
ciated by the lumbermen who control so
large a part Of the available timber area,
viii force che railroads 60 seeS the best solu-
ton Of the question in the adoption Of a
la>efn1. 1kn.-SRodSkic "Reminiscences
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
ELECTRIC NOTES.

Steam fire engines operated by electricity
are suggested.
a novel use Of electricity is about to be
tested in Sharpening the shoes Of car horses
in icy weather.
The number OF incandescent lamps installed
IN Bos tonthis spring has been almost twice
what it was last year
The total mileage Of Submarine cables is
stated to be I1SoSl miles, Of which 10, 500 are
government property
The oxygen band in the spectrum Of the
electric hight from tie Elffei tower has been
found similar 70 that in the suns rays
Wind drives motor at Cape de Ia Eeve In
France which isnsed Tar running the dynamo
that furnishes electric light to the lighthouse
The use OF carbon brushes Is said TO be Of
greatest value on railway motors where speed
and current are most subject TO riolent
changes
The ecphone, an instrument fer determin-
ing the location OF the source Of sounds for
the benefit Of navigators. has been success
fully experimental with
At a series of maneuvers between the
English Mediterranesn heet and the batteries
at Malta TO test The s6saency Of tha Alactxic
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04


three years after being retired from the naval
service He had served in the navy all his
active life, had borne an honorable part in
many battles, and had won what was perhaps
the most extraordinary naval victory of the
war, all things considered.
On the 10Th of September, 1914, the Amer
ican brig Gen. Armstrong, of 246 tons, en-
tered the harbor of Fayal, in the Azores, and
was caught there by the British Plantagenet,
OF "a guns, the Rota, of IS guns, and the
brig Carnation, of Is guns. As the commo-
dore, in command of the first, and the fleet,
desired to take the American vessel without
injury and use it for transport, he sent four
armed boats for the purpose. not expecting
that the Yankee would be rash enough TO re-
sist. He did, however, and repulsed the
boats with considerable loss.
That night, the sky being clear and the
moon at full, the British commodore sent
fourteen bargeS and launches, containing 400
picked officers and men, with full supply Of
swivels, carronades, blunderbusses and side
arms Capt. Reid had but ninety officers
and men, but he had the advantage of the
briggs deck and concentration of force when
the British tried to board The result was
battle of extraordinary severity and despera-
tlOn- AGAIN anu again Dotdui1g pfsTuleS
of British reached the deck of the brig and
were beaten off. The losses on both sides
were terrible. Knowing that his vessel must
DE captured at last, Capt. Reid exchanged a
Few shots with the British next day, then
fired his guns through the bottom of his own
vessel, and as it began to sink he and his men
jumped over and SWAN ashore. The govern
or of Fayal had the figurehead of the Gen.
armstrong" IA big image of the general him
self placed over the north gate of the town,
and the people, supposing it to be the image
pf a new American saint, called it lei Santo
Americana" and crossed themselves devoutly
as they passed under It,
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
SOCIAL ETIQUETTE.

The Decline and Prospective Disappear
ance Of the Kissing Habit
The ANNOUNCEMENT is frequently seen tia,
kissing as social salatation has gone cut OF
vogue and should Be tabooed BY people who
profess TO follow the best social usage This
Is, however, very strong statement Of The
case, the reign of social OSCILLATION being BY
no means over. But it is true hat gradual
reform has within year or two been II prog
ress, as may be noted in the behavior Of peo-
pie whose example influences society. On
this subject Good Housekeeping says:
The reform may be traced toswo causes
"a graduai perception OF the fact that indie
criu,inate kissing Is in exceedingly bad taste.
Offensive 10 many people aud pleasing 10 very
few; and the discovery that it b nos only On.
refined but b source Of danger 70 health
and life. The force Of these two afguneuts
against pronliscuous kissing a. aDocil habit
has been strong enough TO produce notice
able change In the practice Of women In 60
ciesy. Kissing between women has not alto
getar gone out Of practice even yet, but a. q
social greeting it is being surely dropped, ex-
cept between relatives or very intimate
friends and even ia such circles It Is becon-
ing less common
Tie kissing habit has been carried 70 it,
greatest extreme among English speaking
people. and people Of other blood ase often
amazed and amused by the universally and
cheapneSs Of the Kiss among the English na-
tiona
The kAs. In its proper function, has fns
significance, ana may be made the vehicle q
the paress emotions. the honest expraE8on
Of legitimate feeling. q greeting fulfof gem
uine, voluntary sympathy and love. Tho
kissing habit is sn abuse szd misuse. Il
has brought tie kiss into disgrace and made
Il vulgar, cheap and hypocrhacal Be it the
province Of this generation of refinement
snd education TO rescue 1t from It's degraded
eseate and restore ii TO is natural elevated
and eleratns place and use IN tbs social
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
aaiis gayle
THE FLAG AND ITS MAKER.
CAPT. SAMUEL CHESTER REID, OF
THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

He Was the Man Who Gave the Stars and
Stripes the Character They Finally As
sumed, and Here You May Read of Him
and His Work.
Capt. Samuel Chester Reid, of New York
city, was the man who gave the United
States flag its final character, and his wife
and her lady assistants made the first one.
As is well known, the original flag adopted at
the formation of the government differed
somewhat in the arrangement of colors from
the one now in use, and congress, having no
adequate idea of the rapid increase of states,
provided for new stripe in the flag for each
new state The admission of Indiana. in
1916, brought the number up to nineteen, and
the display of so many stripes evidently
marred the symmetry of the flag; So on the
4th of April, 1918, President Monroe ap-
proved the act Of congress fixing the number
of stripes at thirteen, for the original states,
and a star for each of all the states the
whole forming a large star in blue field
At 2 p. m. of April 10, 1885, this flag, made
by Mrs. Reid, was first displayed over the
hall of the house of Representatives.
Congressman Peter 81. Wendover, of New
York, was chairman of the house committee
charged with the duty of designing the new
flag, and as such consulted Capt. Reid, then
at the height Of his fame as a naval officer;
the captain naturally thought Of a flag most
suitable for naval display, and all who see the
Stars and Stripes streaming from the mast of
an American ship must admit that his con-
ception was perfect. Hebrew the plan of the
flag exactly as 1t is, and Mr.. Wendover was
so pleased with it that he commissioned Capt.
Reid to have one made in New York Mrs
Reid daughter of Capt Nathan Jennings, of
Connecticut, who served through the entire
Tevclution) at once called in her most deft
fingered lady friends and in few days the
lovely silk banner was on its way to Wash
angton.
preached there April Is, and was, as afore-
said, Immediately unfurled over the repre-
sentatives' end of the Capitol. In his ter
of that date acknowledging the receipt Oh the
flag Congressman Wendover said: "Mr. Clay,
the speaker, says 1t is wrong that there should
L
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04

A little nap before the noon meal win rest
the nerves and promote digestion.
Eight hours sleep viii prevent more nerv-
Gus diseases in women than all the medicine
in the world can cure.
Thin people would be apt to gain flesh if
they could be induced TO drink pint of
sweet milk each night before going to bed.
It is very unpleasant for the sick, sitting or
recumbent, to read or use the eyes closely;
the eyes, probably from their intimate rela-
ton with the brain, are sympathetically
affected by every i'll that may attack any
other part of the body.
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
The One Exception.

She's decidedly homely; I don't Ike her eyes,
And the shade OF her hair is the tint despise.
Her compilation is bad unattractive her chin;
Her mouth is too large. hes nose is too thin
But sill of these things are but TRIES in life,
Compared with true graces. I'll make her my
wife;
For gave up my seat in the street car TO her,
AMI she looked az me kindly and said, Thank
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
A. HAGG, Proprietor.
Cor. "a and 9Th AYES, Wichita

Manufacturer OF Steamengines,
Boilers, Pumps and all kinds OF
mill gearing. Architectural iron
q speciality. IRON and brass cast
lncs made to order. Estimates
made on all class Of work and
orders promptly attended TO.
SO W. II. FONDA Supt
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04

A Self Evident Case.
"Were you acquainted with the deceasedr'
inquired the coroner.
Yes, sjr,n answered the witness 'sHe was
the proprietor of a clothing store. Six weeks
ago he invested $4,000 in straw hats for the
spring and summer trade"
Gentlemen" observed the coroner, but
toning his overcoat, lit seems hardly worth
while to examine any other witnesses. It was
undoubtedly a case of suicide. Chicago
Tribune
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04

be no C barge in
your bill for the
making of the flag.
If pay for that will
be acceptable, on
being informed I
will procure it u
OF course the revo-
lutionary daughter
and her helpers de-
clined ell pay.
Samuel Chester
Reid was born in
Norwich, Conn. , in
1888, and died in
n Q W York city
Jan. %. 1861. only
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
light it was found chat 1t cannot successfully
cra1oka

light it was found that 1t cannot successfully
pierce common smoke.
The electric conduits in Paris are about
five feet high, two and half feet wide and
Of masonry lined with cement. They contain
naked wires. insulated only by porcelain
Knobs, and are built under each sidewalk
psrralel with the boulevard
The third Of the series Of one man photo
graphic exhibitions is now opeu in Lou
don, the object being tp bring together in
turn representative collections OF the work
Of the best Photographic artists. The photo
graphs shown on this occasion are all by Mr.
j. Gale and consist of landscapes and land
seapes with figures, and are printed in plati-
mum and in silver processes.
1t is not generally known that the young
fat fish have an eye on each side of the body,
and that it is only in the adult stage that the
eyes are both on one side. There has been
much discussion among scientific men as to
the mode il which the change takes place,
but in the founder it has been observed to
travel over the ridge Of the bead, while in
some other fish 1t passes directly through the
soft tissue Of the young fish to the other side.
Cellular clothing is now coming into use in
England, and is said to be q Success It is
woven out of the same material as common
cloth, but into cells, the network Of which is
covered over with thin stuff Its porous
quality allows the passage of the inside and
outside air, giving time for the outside air to
become of the same. temperature as the body,
and husobviating ell danger Of catching colds
and allowing vapors exhaled by the body to
pass of. The ordinary objection to cotton
underwear Ia removed if made In this man
ner.-New York Herald
There was a fresh youngster from Skye J
Who tried on the Fourth Of July
To jam IN bis pocket
An understood rocket
he has gone to the sweet BY and bv
Wichita eagle., 1889-07-04
A PAIR OF EERIE TALES.
HIGHLY SENSATIONAL SEQUEtS TO
PREMATURE BURlALS.

How the Cardinal Thrilled the French
Senate-Occurrences in Which He Took
Prominent Parts-True Story of Ginevra-
Her True Lover Got Her At Last.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-07-16
THE ETNA SUSPENDS,
But Secretary Dillon Claims That the Glass
Trnde is Not Dull.

But Secretary Dillon Claims That the Glass
Trade is Not Dull.
This telegram was received from Beliaire
last night:
The announcement of the Etna Glass and
Manufacturing Company that it will suspend
the manufacture of glassware indefinitely be-
cause that branch of business is so fat and
unsatisfactory that it yields no returns for the
capital employed and the work and annoyance
entailed in its conduct, and notifying its en-
ployes that they are at liberty to engage else
where, created 20 little CONSERVATION among
the glass workers, whose National Convention
is IN session in this city.
Secretar VIM. ]. Dillon, of the National Glass
Workers Association, said to-day:
at is not right that the statement of the 1Etna
should be heralded all over the country unre-
Inied: Inc glass tra9e & Is IN eXeeLlent eon9itl9n,
caly in the country. In the fall of 'SS and early
spring this year trade was more or less inactive,
but since there has been a revival, a natural re-
viyal - hlch comes in the course of trade after
period o. guinness ana tne trade to-day Is % IN pei
yantages obtained in isolated places whe-e large
bonuses and Tree gas Is given ,ais are such
factories outside of the gas regions,
beginning of the year, and the prospects are very
gxestion about this being the fact with the new
1ao;Ories that have sprung up in the past two
Gus TO that time and the trade may be distributed
but no one convs an; with the facts will pretend
to deny that mo-, glassware is being sold to-day
than at any time in the history of the business and
while it is true that more is produced. only
factories working at : disadvantage complain of
the competition or rather their misfortune, which
is local and not general by any means.
This was the most interesting day of the Flint
Glass Workers Convention. The Castor Plate
Committees report was a routine affair, and was
disposed of in a few minutes; but the Prescrip-
tion Committee reported in favor of an advance
of 10 per cent on the part OF their list and a
weeks vacation. The discussion that followed
was very spirited. but the report was finally
adopted. A conference on this branch will be
held with the manufacturers in Pittsburg on
Wednesday.
The Paste Mold Committee reported some
changes, which were adopted, but the nature of
the changes could not be learned. The Shade and
the Grievance Committees report will be rail-
roaded through to-day, the delegates are anX-
i0us TO conclude their work and go home. The
proposed amendments to the constitution have
not yet been acted upon, though the death benefit
has been formally discussed by all the members OF
the convention. proposed reduction OF the
salaries to ST. 600 each will be voted on tomorrow.
The Christian Endeavor Society is entertaining
the delegates at the Christian Church tonight
with programme of songs and rectations.
The officers think the convention will adjourn
to-day.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-07-16
THE GLASS CONVENTION.

The Apprenticeship System Has Not Been
Discussed-Yesterday's Session Only Of
Minor Importance.
President Campbell called the delegates to
the Window Glass Workers Convention to
order at o'clock yesterday morning, and the
Finance Committee at once made their report
on the financial system in use by the associa-
tion. The delegates had made a thorough
examination of the office books and the COM
mittee reported very satisfactorily upon the
existing system. A number of complimentary
remarks were made about Mr. Cakes work.
and a vote was passed to have the same system
continued.
The Committee on Laws recommended some
minor changes in the law governing pIeceptors.
Then the committee on rules for working
recommended few changes. which were also
adopted.
The apprentice system was expected to be
discussed; but the committee was not ready to
report yet. One of the members of the CON-
mittee said last night that they were getting
up an entirely new system and its discussion
would probably last a whole session. These
changes will be very interesting because the
faults and shortcomings of the old apprentice
ship system were the causes that brought the
foreign window glass men to Jeanette.
1t is expected that the convention will ad-
journ on Wednesday.