davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
RUCKER Is A ROWDY,
He Slaps an Editor and Is Lodged
in Jaii

DENVER. Col, Feb -s.-Judge Rucker,
who achieved some fame through his
newspaper controversy with Senator
Blackburn, engaged in an encounter to-
day in Jones' saloon, which resulted in
his being lodged in jail on charge of
carrying concealed weapons and dis
turbance." Col. john Arkins. of the
News, Grief of Police Grady and Sena-
tor-elect Wolcott were standing at the
bar, when Judge Rucler; entered, and,
without saying word. walked up to
Atkins and struck him in the face with
the palm of his hand. While Atkins
was recovering from his astonishment,
Judge Rucker backed off and put his
hand, so it is said, on his revolver. Chief
Grady then arrested trucker, and, after
disarming him, took his distinguished
prisoner to the city jail The trouble
grew out of some disparaging comments
Oh, Fuckers ability as fighter made by
Atkins to New York reporter during
the progress of the Blackburn Rucker
controversy.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Had Their skates On.

MONTREAL, Feb. s.-The fancy sllat-
ing tournament at Victoria rink was
the attraction for carnival visitors this
morning. The entries were Louis and
Abe Rubenstein, of Montreal, and d. E.
Rubenstein, of New York. Lonis Ru-
bernstein won, Phillips second. Among
the spectators was the governor gem
eral, who afterwards proceeded to Nc
Gill university. where he was presented
with an address.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
The Ca,edonian Medal.

The Thistle Curling club plays next
week for the Caledonian medal. Six
rinks' have been chosen. Each rink is
to play five games and the rink which
makes the largest score IN the five
games will receive the medal. The
first game is to occur next Monday
night. The club will give an entertain
ment the 18th of March as the closing
act of the season. The Caledonian club
has offered them the use OF Curtis hail
for the occasion, which is to be an
onSpiciouS one
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
TWO ANOKA BRAVES.
Colleague Eastman Scores
Our Ipascible Jared
Benson.
The. Libel Law Agitates the
Minds Of Sensitive SEN
atopS.
The City of Minneapolis to
Have a New Police Com
mission Soon.
Bobbie Dunn Starts a Rs tn er
Decided Reform in State
Printing.

s'Does the state ever have a pay day?''
Inquired Representative Brush, yesier-
day, unintentionaHy revealing that of
the l03 members he was the only one
who, since the session opened, had not
drawn a cent from the state. Un-
familiarity with tie modus operaIdi
and a surplus in his private pocket
book had led Mr.. Brush into this very
uncommon legislative error.
BENsoN's SARCASM.
"T-bow--down--with -profound-
reSpect-to-the- -age-and experience
--of-the - gentlemen from - Mile
] ans DUNN - and - Anoka - Cast
man,"
Il.e best of modern naval guns could
hardly have hurled their deadly con-
tents with more force than did Jared
Benson deliver the sentence at the de-
voted heads Of Representatives Dunn
and Eastman. The morning session OF
the house had scarcely got under way
when Representatives Eastman and
Dunn called up a resolution of the day
previous, calling for the appropriation
of $1,000 for the publication OF legislative
manuals.
MI. Eastman made the point: "With
tIilS HOUSE tinpfoNlHS loita -aiS cifihS
at cost to the state Of S23.690, it seems
like absurd folly to eeeRomize on the
publication OF legislative manuals cost
ing but $1,000. and which gives each
member copies for the edification of his
constituents. If we desire true ecOno-
nv Lat MS reduce some OF Our own eX-
penses."
MI. Dunn felt the same way. which
led Mr.. Benson to make the above re-
mark and to ironically amend by aa-
thorizing the publication of 10000 copies
for educational purposes.
''lf we were all as ednrated and eX-
perienced as the gentleman from
Anoka," said Mr.. Dunn, 1--WE would
not need these manuals"
The Benson amendment was lost and
the Eastman motion carried, the junior
member from Anoka winning by a
handsome head. The resolution re-
quires stereotype plates of the matter in
the manual which is repuhlished each
session to be preserved, SO that the state
is saved that much in composition.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Playing One Against the Other.
A Combine Against Chicago.

SPECIAL to the Globe.
ASHLAND, Wis, Feb. e.-The Duluth,
South Shore & Atlantic railroad has
virtually entered into combine with
Ashland iumbermen and others by
which lumber can be shipped through
from Ashland to Boston and laid down
there at such prices as to exclude Chi
cago competition. 1t is expected that a
spur road will be built to Ashland soon.
The scheme is big one and looks feaS-
ible enough. Agents of the South
Shore road were in the city to-day in
terYieWing prominent lumbermen.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
TAX ASSESSMENT.
ToCoyer the Negligence OF County
Auditor.

Senator Hall came forward with bill
TO amend the act for the assessment of
taxes upon property for years thereto
fore omitted" The act is to be amended
so as to read. section 119, that: ''If any
real or personal property shall be omit
Ted in the assessment for any year or
years, and the property shall thereby
escape taxation. when such omission
shall he discovered the county auditor
shall enter such property Oh the assess
ment and the books for the year or
years omitted, which are within six
years. inclusive of the then current
year, and so assess the same and extend
all arrearages of taxes properly accru-
ing against such property for such
years, and the same shall be extended
against such property Oh the tax list for
the cprrent year.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Killed in "A Runaway.

ST. LOUIS. Mo-, Feb. S.-This after
noon Il fire engine going to fire fright
ened horse hltched to wagon owned
by Mr.. Ward, of 3l5 South Twenty
second street. Ward was thrown ir IN
the wagon and fatally injured. Ma ygie
Brown, aged six years, was run over
and instantly killed. Charles Halls
and Miss Annie AIctIinEiS were run
over and seriously injured.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

ton, aide-de-camp: Col. W. e. Haskell,
aide-de-camp; Col. .:John Ireland. chap
lain; Maj S. E. Olson. additional aide
de-camp; Maj. G. l.. West, additional
aid-de-camp; Maj. John G. Nelson, Mai.
William E. Lee, Capt. n. B. Falmer,
Capt. Joseph Eckstein, Capt. Charles T.
Tryon, additional aides-de-camp.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Chin of the Old Block.

ST. LOUIS, Mo-, Feb. SD Kelly
aud Hugh McManus, two middleweights.
fought twenty-five rounds, Queens
berry rules, with two-ounce gloves, for
$500 side and $500 gate money, at
Flerissant, fourteen miles west of here,
last night and Kelly won. The latter is
a son of Tom Kelly, the cid pugilist.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
MURPHY AND WEIR MATCHED
They Agree to Fight in Boston for
the Featherweight Champion-:
ship of the World. :,

Special to the GIobe.I - >
BosToN, Mass, Feb. s.-The long,
deferred fight between Ike Weir, the
Belfast Spider, and Frank Murphy, of
Birmingham. Eng. for the feather
weight championship of the world, has
finally been decided. The men, met
tonight and agreed. The fight comes
off in Boston, in the West end gym-
nasium. Two-ounce gloves for twenty
rounds, with the privilege of extend
ing, which is practically to finish, for
S1,Oe0 side, the men to begin training
at once. The betting has already
started, odds being given 500 to $50 in
favor of the Spider. Ii is not definitely
settled, but an effort is being made to
persuade Sullivan to act as referee.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Baxter Breaks Hecord

NEW YORK, Feb. Sat pole-vault-
ing contest here tonight, Ell. H. Baxter,
of the New York Athletic club, vaulted
eleven feet three inches, breaking the
best indoor record made by himself i'm
Philadelphia in 1856 by ten and one
fourth inches. The best outdoor record
CT America is eleven feet five inches.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

an uHassuming young man of twenty
three, the ticket taker at the Worlds Mu-
scum. here, has inherited sl9e. 900 under
the will of his uncle, Lieut.. Gov. James
I'll. Mcdonald, of Fscanaba. Mich. who
was killed in railway accident, Jan.
26, leaving about 81, ,000, 900.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

point Hawes leads.
The latter is all eN-
pert in securing
short safe hits. and
when he lands on
first is pretty Sure
to hustle around to
third, if given half
a chance. A study
OF the score sheets
shows that HaweS'
percentage Of runs
off hits is eXtraof-.
dinarily large. 1t is
not apparent that
st. Paul would get
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
DanLamont,s New Job.

New YORK, Feb. S.-An evening pa
per says that after March Col. Daniel
S. Lamont, private secretary to Presi-
dent Cleveland. will assume the posi-
ton Of general passenger agent of the
New York Central railroad made vacant
by the recent death of Henry G. Mo-
nett,
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

IA phJ hS
concluded to
come in out Of
the wet, and
yesterday his
contract, duly
signed, was re-
ceived by Man
ager Barnes.
It is understood
Patrick h q S
been a little in
'.clined to pfo.
test at a cut in
salary, but has
pocketed his
pride and ac-
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
yictoria's Proposed Regatta,

VICTORIA. B. c., Feb. S. Mayor
Grant has telegraphed the oarsman,l
Albert Hamin, at Oakland. Cal. thatiall
regatta here on the Queens birthday
All the crack oarsnen are expected to-
participate. including O'Connor and.
Haninn ..
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
MENACE TO THE MARKET.
Old Producers Pledge Themselve
Not to Unload Stock Held il
Trust.

IfUuuctfiS themselves
Not to Unload Stock Held in
Trust.
OIL CITY, Pa, Feb. s.-The execu-
tive and advisory boards of the Pro-
ducers' Protective association finished
their labors at the Arlington to-day
The business of the session is given iD
the subjoined resolutions:
Whereas, 1t is constantly brought to
the knowledge of the executive and adj
visory boards that the 3,500G0o barrels
of oil held by the executive board for
producers, under the contract made
with the Standard Oil company, is de-
clared to be standing menace to the
market and cause Of a much lower
price than the situation warrants; Now,
therefore. in the interest of the produc-
ing business and in order to OBTAIN
something near remuneratiye price
for the current production, be it
Resolved, That no part of said oil will
be sold upon the market before May l,
1889, below 81 per barrel, and prior to
said date not to exceed 500, 600 barrels
in any current month, and that in
amounts, as may be agreed Jointly by
the executive and advisory boards.
r. w. PHILLIPS, Chairman.
The above resolution was adopted by
the executive and advisory boards.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Will Tap the c. p. r.
Special to the Globe,

Special to the Globe.
SPOKANE FALLS, Feb. S-A railroad
from this city, to connect with the Can
adian Pacific at the Columbia. will be
built atan early date. ID. G. Carbin,
weli-knuwn railroad magnate, will
build the line, backed by the people OF
Snnkane
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

Barnes said the
matter was still
under consider
alton. and it
was not yet GER
tain that /! the
deal would be
con- sunlmated,,
but he stated,
with q wink,
that lie was to
get a large pot
of money for al
lowing NJ 0 T.
lissy to depart
from st. Paul.
II ,yoc inornpd
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

elsewhere that the swap involves Hawes
and s2,ee0 on one side and Morrissy on
the other. Though in selecting ball
player shrewd manager would prob
ably choose Morrissy before Hawes,
the difference between the two men is
not s., ZOO. Big Tom doubtless covers the
initial bag with greater accuracy than
the Milwaukean, and drives the ball
further when he hits it. but from this
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Celebrated Bi,iiarGists.

Carter and Ives, the celebrated bill-s
iardists, will give exhibitions at the
Standard billiard hail Monday and
Tuesday evenings at 8 p. m. They will
appear in the billiard ball OH the first
fiN,r, and the entertainment will be
free u
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
M0RRlsSY AGAINST tlAWES
The Two First Basemen May Exchange
Cities.
TWO THOUSAND INVOLVED.
Kiirain to Meet JeM Smith and the
Spider TO Tackle Frank II
Murphy. :. s

For several days letters have been
passing between Manager Barnes and
the president of the Milwaukee assecia-
ton in reference to the transfer OF Tom
Morrissy to milwaukee, and Billy Halves
10 ST. Paul. When seen last night Mr..
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Sailors Badly f4rosteitten.

PORTLAND, Me-, Feb. s.-Capt. Nc
Kenney, of Gloucester. and crew of the
schooner NJ. Robins. wrecked yesterday
Oh this coast, were brought here to-day
by revenue cutter. They lost every
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Ross Defeats Daly.
Special to the Globe.

Special 70 Tue GIobe. u
BosToN, Feb. s.-The wrestling
match between Ross and DAILY to-day.
for $4,000 and the championship, was
won by Ross. who secured the second.
third and fifth falls.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
thing. and were badly frost-bitten. The
loss on vessel and cargo of cod is $40. Goo.
SPRINGER MUST SURRENDER.
Republican Senators Insist in
Their Disagreement Upon the
Omnibus Bill.

omnibus Bill.
WASHINGTON, Feb. s.-A full caucus
of Republican senators was held this
morning. at which was discussed the
election investigation resolutions and
the admission of territories. As to the
former it was decied the committee on
privileges and elections should examine
ipto the several propositions now pend
ing and determine which Of them, if
any, shall be adopted. The report OF
Senator Evarts on the Texas ontrages.
recently reported to the senate, will be
discussed as opportunity offers. Upon
the territorial question it was decided
to sustain the senatorial conferees in
their disagreement upon the omnibus
Dill. which proposes 10 admit the two
Dakotas, Montana andNe W Mexico.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Brynan Signs With Des Moines.

Special to the Globe.
DEs Moines. Ia, Feb. S.-Manager
Hart has signed Pitcher BrynanI to
play with Des Moines this season, and a
catcher named Cody. Of whom little is
known here among ball men. Brynan
opened last season with the Chicago
league club. The other players signed
so far are Sam Smith, first base, Jake
Kenyon, catcher, and e. L. Mendenhail,
fielder and all around player.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
FieId,MahIer&Co.
Third and Wahfs>a Sts., St. Pau.
liz { !

NOW is the time to pick
UP BARGAINS. This has
been all unusual season, and
you can buy NOW to great
advantage, as we offer a:
CUT of 10 PER CENT on !.
this seasons prices, and
next season all furs will
open much higher; so ifyou:,
can find what you want,
buy it now. WRITE TO US.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
Beck at Old Point Comfort.

FoRT MONROE, Va. Feb. s.-Senator
Beck arrived here to-day much i'm
proved in health. He expects to re-
main about month.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

much the worsto of the deal Oh an eX-
change without boot. However, Nor
rissy was great favorite here, and NEST
of the admirers of base bali will learn
of the probability OF his playing else
where with regret. Murphy has finaily
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

cepted The Inevitable. MufPhy's Work
in "swallowing' sky scrapers is seldom
exceiled. and his st. Paul friends. whose
name is legion, will be glad to welcome
him at the spring opening. ~
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
HYPPOLITE HONORED.
The Insurgent Haytian General
Saluted by Yankee War Ship.

New YORK, Feb. s.-Advices by the
steamer Ozama, which arrived from
Hayti to-day, are to the effect
that Gen. Hyppolite wasl OH Jan.
30 formally saluted by the United
States steamer Atlanta while he was
being rowed to that vessel in small
boat. Minister Preston announced to-
day that he had received a dispatch in
forming him that the representatives
of the French governments had officially
recognized Gen. I.egitime as the presi-
dent of the Haytiail republic.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
THE RAILROAD WORLD.
THE DEAL is CLOSED.
Consolidation Of the Bee Line and
the Big Four.

the Big Four.
NEW York, Feb. 7.-The negotiations
which have been pending for some days
between Cornelius Vanderbilt and
Picrrepont Morgan for consolidation
OF the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati
& Indianapolis (known as the Bee line)
and the Cincinnati, indianapolis, st.
Louis d Chicago road, generally called
the Big -Four, have been successfully
closed, and the details will probably be
given out tomorrow. There has been
some competition between the two
companies, but this has been so slight
as not to be a factor in the negotiations.
Big Four desired to extend their lines
to st. Louis, and they find necessary
links in the leased roads of the Bee
line. What the terms OF the agreement
are cannot yet be definitely ascer-
tained, but it is believed to include an
exchange of stock. 1t is understood
that the parties behind the deal are alse
working for an arrangement with the
Cleveland, st. Louis & Kansas City
road, which is now constructing
bridge across the Mississippi at Alton,
but The officers of that road prefer to
remain independent, and it is not
likely that they will agree to give any
system exclusive connections.
Playing One Against the Other.
SIOUX CITY, TO-, Feb. s.-The man
agement of the Des Meines & North
western railroad has made prepara-
ton to extend the Fonda Narrow Gauge
line to this city. 1t is proposed to make
the road standard gauge and extend it
to Ida Grove il Sioux City parties, who
own the right of way. etc, for the Sioux
City & Northeastern will build line Oh
their survey from this city to Ida Grove.
The proposition will be considered il
present negotiations to induce the
WiHona & Southeastern to abandon its
Omaha line and build in here are fruit
less. There is goo.i prospect now that
the Winona line will build to this place.
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09
What is ScrofuIa

1t lis that impurity in the blood which pro-
duces unsightly Jumps or sweilings On the
glands of the neck; causes running sores
on the arms, legs or feet; derelopes ulcers
In the eyes, ears, or nose, often cauS-
frg blindness or deafness; is the origin
OF cancerous groWths, boils, pinlples, or
.ihemors.' 1t is moro formidable enemy
than consumption or cancer alone. for scrof-
ula combines the worst possible features Of
both. Being the most ancient. it is the
most general of all diseases or affections
How can it be cured? BY taking Hoods
Sarsaparilla, which, by the cures it has
accomplished, has proven itself potent
and peculiar medicine for this disease.
Some of these cures are really wonderful.
Ii you suffer from screfula in any of its
various forms. be sure to give Hoods Sar.
saparilla trial. Send for book of cures.
Hoods Sarsaparii:a
Sold by druggists. 81; six for s.. Prepared by
C.i HOOD 6 CO., Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass.
100 Doses One Dollar
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

McDonald's Windfall.
BosToN, Feb. s. John III. Mcdonald,
St. Paul daily globe., 1889-02-09

The bill was thus defeated, it taking
twenty-feur votes to pass any bill.
Senator Day WIS called ont of the
chamber during the discussion. and was
absent when the vote was taken. He
proposes to call up the bill on some
future day.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1889-09-26

A Russian general who is on nvisit
to England. predicts that ustria and
Russia will engsgein war much SOON
or than the generality of European
statesmen apprehend. The colossal
ornaments maintained by both coun-
tries weigh so heavily on the people.
that it is becoming u serious question
if it would not be better to fight and
have the struggle over. than to con.
tinue in the present dilemma any long.
er. n great European war would be =
deplornble calamity hut would, in va
rious ways. stimulate the prosperity Of
this country.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1889-09-26
MINNESOTA PATENTS.

The following patents were granted
for the week ending Sept. II. 1859. re-
ported expressly for this paper by 10
seph II. Hunter, solicitor of American
and foreign patents, Washington City.
V. l.. Ebert. Minneapolis. xpparat-
US for the manufacture of gas; II. G.
Miller, Winona, clothes reel and. fire
curtain; G. D. Munsing, Minneapolis.
crochetiug mactlIae; Jacob Payne. st.
Paul, grain separator; J. Is. pugt,
Drained. pillow sham adiuster;' james
Bighv. Minneapolis, car wheel; W. G..
Thompson, NJ innt xlHlls, galvapic bat
ury; F. II. Whi,ooMb, Minneapolis
collar for WOODEN shirts.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1889-09-26
Absolutely Pure.

:. "The Minneapolis Daily Times -
is the title Of 9 morning Daily an
nounced to appear October 1st., G..
A. Nimmocks, Manager, and r. B.
Gelatt, Editor It promises to be
a wide awake and progressive
morning newspaper" Minneapolis
is great city, and Minnesota is a
rapidly advancing State; so, we
have no doubt, there is ''6ghting
chance" at least, for another CON-
petitor in the journalistic field.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1889-09-26

When you ask tor Badger soap see tna. ron
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1889-09-26

e, Ten thousand lives were .lcst BY .
recent flood in Japan. Oriental disas'
ters of Any kind are almost invariably
accompanied by an appalling loss Of
life. A food. IN earthquake, OF VOL
canic eruption, is certain todestoy q
vast number OF human beings, owing
to the over~cro owded condition Of Asian
countries.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1889-09-26
H. {, ToRR [ ]
Cash ! | S'I()REl|.| : j 4.
GREAT REDUCTION II N
s.s <S < -.>s 49,. S.zSss 4
PRICES
q
| s
| = !
| ::
Goods all First
=
| Class!
BeIowSee0u
Goods all First
Class {!
Bellows eco Prices

IL lbs. grannlated sugar 81 90
l23 lbs coffee "A 81 90
IS bars Lenox Soap, 100
40 lbs. good Rice 90
Arbe,ekle's, Dilworth' 3 or Lyons !;
Coffee, q -
Good Teas. from Is to SOC perlb. {
Climax Tobacco, 80
Old Virginia Smoking Tobacco, 20
Good Can Corn, .. 6
Tomatoes, 8
Cinghams, from 6 to Sc per I'D. -
sc inch dress Flannel, "a
Best all wool Shifting Flannels, "a
Spool Cotton, 4
Broadhead Dress GoodA Is
GREAT REDUCTION IN HOSIERY. @
Rockford Socks
UNDERWEAR VERY CHEAP.
BSst Custom Plough Boots = 2-0o
Ladies' Goat Shoes, l 4
Kinks Savon Soap 25 bars $l.0O.
Kinks York Soap 80 bars $l.OO.
l.. L. Muslin Sc. per yard.
Canton Flannel 5 to Is cents.
| AL Wool Socks 16 cents.
A large line of fine and very desir.
able Dress Goods-very cheap.
Hand Painted Pictures
28 by AZ $l.3(
20 by % ,$l.W
Balls Corsets 93c
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1889-09-26

The fine display made ut the State
Fair by the military organizations
Of Minnesota, commanded universal
admiration. It waa not the mere
p0mp aud circumstance of bright uni
forms, music and brass buttons that
attracted attention. but the proficiency,
drill and discipline of our splendid
citizen sol3iery. They did not suffer in
tho least by comparison With the troops
Of the regular army that we're present.
Although no very serious efforts have
been made to- cultivate . martial spir.
it in thia country, have been made of
recent years, It il probable that the ~
States of the Union have nearly hum
dred and 6fty thousand veil trained
volunteers under arms. ready to fall in
line at 4 moments notice. This i q
reassuring fact when ell sorts OF law.
less and communistic theories axe be-
ing sgitated in our great cities. The
regular army i 4 necessary institation,
but in peace or was the main reliance
Of the country must continue tohe on
we'll drilled volunteer organizations,
They AZ conservat ora Of the peace, and
are terror only to the dangerous el-
ement OF society. They deserve to re.
ceive liberal State and conGressionx
appropriations. Ne Vest Point Mill.
t2fY Academy should a-alsO Annually
eFaduate . large class qualified to en-
gage IN the avooAtions Of civil Nfs. Il
IL quite 10 important to prevent publ.
dangers and violence, 40 It is TO put
them down with m iron hand when
they threaten law, oKier and: civiliza
l.tion.