davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

- n
Rev. P. FL. Massey, District Lecturer
of the Farmers Alliance, will address the
farmers of his district a. the following
times and places, on the beauties and pur'
poses of the Farmers Alliance. t. b
Long, State Lecturer, will be present al
as many of these meetings as possible:
Laurel, Tuesday, Dec. 3, IL a.. H.
Rocky Ford, Wednesday, Dec. 4, II
q. m. -.
Poplar Spring, Thursday, Dec. 5, IL
"a. N.
Youngsville, Friday, Dec. 6, IL a. m.
Pope's Chapel, Durham Co., Monday,
Dec. 8, 2 p. m. =
South Durham, Durham Co., Tuesday,
Dec. 10, IL a. M. sss
Banbox, Durham Co.. Wednesday,
Dec. IL, IL a. m.
= MI. Silyin, Durham Co, Thursday,
Dec. II, II a. m.
Round Hill, Durham Co., Thursday,
Dec. II, Z p. m.
y Flat River, Durham Co, Friday, Dec.
Ii, II a m.
Morning Sun, Durham Co., Saturday,
Dec. IA, IL a. m.
All officers and members of the Ali
ance are most respectfully requested to
give publicity to these appointments and
be present to take part in the speaking if
they desire to do so.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
TIE
The Backbone of the Country

It Is q conceded fact in the minds of every bust
oess man that the commercial status of every COM
nunity Is greatly dependent on the farmers Of our
country in fact, so much so that should III fortune
visit the fields of our never ceasing toilers, then the
merchants OF our city would be forced to retreat.
Therefore, let us as business men aid and shield the
the farmers whom ] consider the backbone of
every community, from every impediment that is
likely to retard their progress.
Mr.. L. G.. Bagwell, having removed his stock of
Caskets, Collins, Burial Robes and everything Ia
he Undertaking line, to the corner of East Martin
4Hd South Blount Sts., is fully prepared to accom-
modate everybody, both in the city and elsewhere.
with the necessary equipments to give entire salts
faction. The most careful attention given to all
orders at day or night.
We heartily recommend Mr.. Bagwell as a young
man of untiring energy, and should you need any
hing in the Undertaker's line, visit his place Of
business, corner of e. Martin and South Blount SITS.
md full satisfaction will be extended in a most
zenflemanlv manner.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

NOV. I1, 1909.
Mr.. EDITORIALS our Correspond
ing Secretary has never taken courage
enough to write you, although he is
very well qualified, and says he will,
and l think he will after a while, bat
for fear he t~arries, l will give STEW
dots from Alpha Alliance. 1t is To-
Gated in the northwest portion of
Rowan county, and was organized in
December, 1888, with sixteen charter
members. We now number aoout
forty members, six of them females.
We will get a few more to join our
Alliance, but there are not many
more to get in our territory +.
We have not, done great deal yet;
we have not had any one to blow the
horn for us, therefore it was not
known by you all that we we're in the
hunt, looking after u enemies to
cripple if not kill them. 1 will not
call their name; it has become very
odious to our ears. Some of the
brethren have probed so deep that the
stencil has become ~intolerable, and
poor old bagging trust has died and
others will follow in her wake.
We have been getting along har-
moniously, especially those that attend
regularly every meeting and work and
read The PROGRESSIVE FARMER, but
we have a good many that don't. at
ted only onee in a while. They
think things are going wrong and
that we sometimes infringe on the
very principles of the Alliance, and
that the whole thing will go up soon
if we don't be careful.
We have not been able to do very
much until recently. We are just
now getting up > sub-agency fund and
r doing some trading that is paying
us handsomely. l think we will do
the balance of our trading through
our State Business Agent. l am
sorry to say that we have not been
able to do but little for our State
agency fund up to this time. We
sent off our first money last week and
have more subscribed. / think we
will do very well at paying when the
brethren get what little they have for
market sold.
Crops are nearly a failure with us.
The freshet destroyed the bottom
crops, upland injured badly by the
rains. Cotton is a failure, tobacco
cured well but light and chaffy.
l must close. l did not think
would say but a few words when /
commenced. | think this will be the
last. We have a good set of officers.
Onr President presides like a Judge
on the bench, and the " ce-President
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
CROPS IN
Rock SPR1NG ALLIANCE, No. l57,

Rock SPRING ALLIANCE, No. l57,
Nov. IL, 1889. i.
Mr.. EDIEoR:-I was in hopes OF
getting a large. list of subscribers to
your paper this fall, but L am disap-
pointed as yet, and reckon I will re
main so, for there is such a failure in
crops that the brotherhood is not aole
to pay for the paper. Crops are put
at about half what they were last
year, viz: cotton, and corn Tobacco
was very good about here and bring
ing a good price, but there was but
few that raised the weed this year,
and those of US that depended on cot
ton as a market crop will be hardly
get there this time. We have all con-
Guided to plant a.few acres in tobacco
next year.
We are very backward il sowing
wheat owing to cotton not opening.
Guess there will be more grain sowed
than ever was before about here. l
will do what I can for your paper. l
think every member that can read
should take it and read at.
Fraternally,
J. H. ODUM, Sec'y.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
ODUM, Sec'y

Those /" doubling Thomases and
there are many in all professions
who predicted ruin and failure to the
Farmers Alliance when the attempt
was made to organize them for the
purpose of cooperation, might just as
well stop singing their funeral dirges
and engage in some other occupation.
The Alliance has come to stay, not for
a day or year, but for all time, and it
will accomplish much good not only
for farmers, but for other classes.
Millionaires and bloated bondholders
excepted.-1Foy (AIa,) Enquirer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
NOTICE.

In obedience to instructions from the
State Executive Committee, I have just
visited several of the Northern cities to
make arrangements for trade with lead
ing houses and manufacturers and ann
now prepared to have orders filed on
yerv favorable! terms. All orders should
be sent through the County Business
Agent and property sealed. All orders
for cotton bagging can now be promptly
filed w. FL. WoRTHgS. B.A.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

looks very much like his associate
Our Secretary would make you think
of good old Bayard who was Score.
tary of State not long since, and so
they all appear to us down to the
Business Agent, who appears to De
watching to save every nickle he can
for his Alliance. ii sit
F~raternally,
ALPH S. HENLEY.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
NOTICE.

To the Members o, the Farmers and Labor
ers' Union Of America, and all State
organizations coming ~WAer Its jwrEsdic-
ton, greeting:
The first regular session of the Farm
ers' and Laborers' Union Of America will
convene in the city of st. Louis, Missouri,
on the first Tuesday, the third day, of
December, 1889, at 16 o'clock sharp.
Officers and members are requested to be
prompt, as business will begin promptly
at the time designated by the Constitu-
ton.
Given under my hand and seal this the
4th day of November, 1889.
EVAN JONES,
SEAL Pres't f. and L. u. of A.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
A CARD

Having nov n~inety-two counties in
the State organized, and about two thou
sand County and Sub Business Agents, I
ca1not fill any more orders without the
seal of the Alliance. Sub-Alliances not
having seals will use the county seals.
All orders must have the Alliance seal or
they will be returned to writer.
w. H. WORTH, S. B. A.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
ORGANIZERS APPOINTMENTS

I will be at the following places for the nnr-
pose of organizing and re-organizino the
lodges mentioned below:
Linwood, Dec. 4, 2p. m.
Grant Greek, Dec. 5, IL a. m.
Loco, Dec. 6, 10 n. m.
A. T. Brown, County Organizer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

NOTICE.

There will be a called meeting of the
Durham County Alliance Wednesday,
Nov. Goth, at 10 a. m A full delegation
is earnestly requested, as business of i'm
p~ortance will be transacted.
P. h. MASSEY, Pres't.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

100000 yards of Dundee Bagging in
just three yard pieces. weighing two
pounds to the yard, at u cents a yard
f. o. b. Equal to jute in every RESPECTS For
sample, &c, apply to
The PLANTERS BAeGING Co.,
n12 10 QdStip, N. Y.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
FARMERS BORDER ALLIANCE WAREHOUSE.


Is chartered for the purpose of conducting a.
GENERAL WAREHOUSE BUSINESS.
We have the cordial good wishes of the buyers.
Our facilities. are first class in all respects. We in
tend to do right and are intend 10 succeed. - @f
If YOU have Tobacco 10 sell IN this market send
TO BORDER ALLIANCE WAREHOUSE, where
Won will be met by polite ard affable business meR,
and every faciity offered you;that can be had IN
the city for the handling and sale of our Tobacco:
OUR WORKING FORCE:-Ohn BASTARD, late of
AGREES warehouse, NIB Roger; of Henry county,
Va, ii. M: Covingion, of. CasYell county, N. G.,
Clerks. Us Johnston, of Rockingham county, n.
c., General Manager j, w. Giles, OF Plttsylvania
Halifax county, Va, Weighmaster; G. II. Rich
.mond, of Person county. N. c., Auctioneer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
NOTICE.

last will and testament OF Upchurch Smith,
deceased, before the Clerk of the Superior
Court of Wake county, I hereby give notice
to all persons indebted to said estate to make
payment to me at my residence in Marks
creek township, Wake county, and those to
whom the estate is indie ted to present their
claims on or before the 18th of September,
1889, or this will be plead in bar of their re-
coVery. JNO. W. SMITH, Executor.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
Catch the Thief!

Ny dark bay Horse Mule, a little over
medium size, in good order, was stolen
from Williamson & Upchurch's lot to-day.
His left fore ankle is enlarged. Had sad
die, bride and rope halter on him when
taken. -
The undersigned will be glad to have
information Of the thief and of the mule
given to him or Capt. G. D. Heartt; Chief
of Police in Raleigh.
J.. F. CAIN,
Cary, N. G.
August 16, 1889.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
Look to Your Interest!
Improve Your Lands Permanently, a. Small
Cost, and in a Short Time.

Use OYSTER Shell Lime at the rate of from 500 to
1000 pounds per acre broadcast and harrow IN.
Can be used with great benefit in the furrow I'M
der cotton at the rate of 800 pounds per acre In con-
Eection with 20 to 80 bushels cotton seed.
The. cheapness~ and facility for procuring this
wonderful enovator of the soil should make 1t one
Of the first objects of the farmer to obtain it..
am prepared to furnish FRESH BURNT
LIME, in any quantity, at shortest notice, III bulk
and sacked.
Thanking you for past favoIs and soliciting "a
continuanceiOf your orders, l remain,
Very truly,
W. D. STYRON
r Norfolk, Va.
All orders sent to Everett Bros, Gibson & CO.,
Norfolk, will receive promptattent1on. oc3O6m
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

Mr.. Larrick is the County Business
Agent. au2Of
Send 10 cent silver and stamped ad-
dressed envelope for recipe for preserving
fruit and vegetables without cooking or
scalding. No sugar require :. Address,
MISS S e. MOODY,
au27 Attention, Robson Co, n. G.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

hope the brethren will use their best
endeavors to secure the attendance of the
general public.
? J. j. ScoTT,
Lecturer Robson Co. Alliance.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
TO BUSINESS AGENTS.
RALE1aH. N. C. Dec. 3. ]

RALEIGH, N. c., Dec. 3, 1889.
4 am now prepared to supply groceries
in whole packages at lowest prices, to be
shipped from New York, Charlotte, Bal
timore, Philadelphia, st. Louis, Chicago,
Richmond and Raleigh. 7 give a few
sample prices, which are subject to fuctu-
ati01S. - N
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
TO THE ALLIANCE BUSINESS
AGENTS.

This Office has information for your Ali
ances which cannot be sent to all for
want of the address of the Business
Agents.
lr Please send number and name of
Alliance and address Of Business Agents
at once. Fraternally,
w. II. WORTH,
State Business Agent.
October 9Th, 1889.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
Lumber Wantedl

If any Alliance brother desires to sell
Pine Lumber by the carload, they would
do well to address
LARRICK & LARICK,
Middletown, Va.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
SPECKLED CATFISH AND CARP.

Persons wishing either Speckled Catfish or
German Carp for stocking ponds, can get them
from W. r, FRALEY, Salisbury, N. G. Write
for terms, &c. jy3O
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
Land for Sale !

Will sell 1874 acres of land lying twelve
miles south of Raleigh. Good dwelling, six
rooms; all other houses needfu1, IS acres in a
state of cultivation. Said land is adapted to
corn, cotton and toDaCco;soil ed and sanity.
For further particulars, call and see or ad-
dress, RUFUS a, SMITH,
se31m Gully's Mill, Wake Co., NC.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

The agency will always keep posted
buy in the best markets at1owest
prices on the day the order is placed.
WI WORTH, State Agent.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
LiDDincOtt's Monthly Magazine,

A Popular Journal Of General Literature.
The April number now reaoy, conTalns The
Witness of the Sun, Amelie Rives; Bayard Taylor,
Richard Henry Stoddard; Her Likeness, "a poem;
William II. Hayne; If he Had Known, Alice Wei
lington Rollins; Where the Battle Is Fought, "a
poem M. P; Two Nights in Bohemia; Loves Scr
row, "a poem) NJ. G. McClelland; What Pessimism
TX; Our Monthly Gossip; The Germ Theory of
Ideas; Whittier's Snowbound; A Correction; A
Crest; Oberon; Book-Talk, VIM. S. Walsh; The
Mutations of Public Taste; Howells "Annie Kill
burn;'' The Mission of the Novelist; Miscellaneous
Books; Every Days Record. Single number 25c.
j. 3. LIPPINCOTT o
,ap2 Philadelphia, Pa.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03

1 will lecture at the following places as
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
HEALTH is WEALTH!

Dr.. E. G. Vests Nerve and Brain Treatment, q
guaranteed specific for Hvsteria, Dizziness, Convul-
sions. Fits, Nervous Neuralgia, Headache, Nervous
Prostitution cansed by the use of alcoholor tobacco,
Wakefulness, Mental Depression, S~oftening of the
Brain resulting In insanity and leading to misery,
decay and deatn, Premature Old Age, Barrennese,
Spermattorrhea caused by ovcr-exertion of the
brain, eelf-abuse or over-indulgence. Each box
contains one months treatment. 81 q box, or six
boxes for s., sent by mail prepaid on receipt Of
price.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
Yanc9y & Stronac1
NOS. Sl9, S21 and a23 Wilmington St NJ
gan street. 100 Nor
Raleigh, N. Q.

We manufacture ell kinds of vob;o,.-
inc largest stock of Buggies. CaIrisS, and CARY
wagons, Road Carts and Farm Waag0nss, Spring
3Iaee, having IN stock now abou' three IN the
we are Prepared to do any kind of ~ $4,000.
snort hotlce' We quote you some Of our Pp priaags on
OHe-horse Wagons, $500 to s5o ~
Two-horse Wagons, 5000 to S2g'OO.
Open Buggies, 5000 to G so 10
Top Buggles, 6OOO to 99'OO.
Spring Wagons, 300 to 81 s5'O w
Road Carts, 1900 ~ 99'OO
When you want anything in our linz
write or give US a call. "ne,
YANCEY & STRONACH
Manufacturers
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-12-03
WE GUARANTEE SIX BOXES

To cure any case. With each order received by rs
for six boxes, accompanied with IS, we Will send
the purchaser our written guarantee to refund the
Guarantees Issued only by James %
Co, Druggists, Sole Agents. LIB Fayetoevlle ST.,
Raleigh n. c. ma11F,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

Iowa to bring this special product into
prominence. 1t is 100 by 100 feet on the
ground and 1870 feet high. The roof is
thached with native grasses and
all the entrances and projections
are constructed of baled hay.
The decorations are artistic and elaborate.
The interious of the palace is divided into
sections occupied by the exhibits of each
of the counties in the region as well as
contributions from Montana, the two
Dakotas and Washington. In size, design,
extent and decoration and value Of ex-
hibits the palace compares favorably wit h
the many ice. corn and spring palaces that
have graced the Republic.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29
PLUNGED TO THEIR DEATH.

Three Persons Killed and Several Fatally
Hurt in Wreck Near Butler Pa,
Pittsburg Pa.) dispatch: The south
bound passenger train, on the Batter
branch OF the Western Pennsylvania rail-
road, which left Butler. Pa, at 2:36
o'clock Friday afternoon, jumped the
track at Sarvers station and the entire
train, consisting OF two passenger coaches
and combination smoker md baggage
car. went over an enbankment and was
totally wrecked. Three persons were
killed outright and twenty yhve others in
jured, q number Of whom viii do. The
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

THAT happy state of mind, SO rarely
possessed, in which we can say, III
have enough" is the very highest at
tainment of philosophy. Happiness
consists, not in possessing much, but
in being content with what we possess.
He who wants little always has enough.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29
Clean Them Out.

@If everybody thought as did, sir,
about prohibition, there wouldn't be
saloon open a month henceP
~If / had my way they'd all be
closed by Saturday."
@How is that?"
"To stock upp
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29
A REVOLUTIONARY PATRIOT.
Memorial Services Held mt the Grave Of
Gen. Daniel Morgan.

Gen. Daniel Morgan.
At Winchester, Va, interesting
services were held around the
grave OF Gen. Daniel Morgan OF revo-
lutionary fame, by 200 teachers from
different parts Of the State, who are at
tending the Peabody Normal institute.
Addresses we're made by George r. Stottle-
never of the Maryland Legislature and
Profs. Roy and Hoenshell OF Virginia.
The procession OF teachers carried United
States flags, and was preceded by thirteen
young ladies, representing the colonies.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

SOCIETY. MEETINGS.

NJ. Il. CHURcH-Rov j. w Tay'o, Pas.or.
Services at 10 30 o'clock am and 7la pm Sun
day school ut IA m. Prayer meeting every
Thursday evening at az o'clock. All ar, cor
daily invited % attend.
GIAYLING LODGE. No S5s. +. & A. NJ.
meets in regular communication on Thursday
evening on or before the full Of the moon.
Transient members are frat,rnaly invited te
attend. j. L. HUM, w. NJ.
A. TAYLOR, Secretary.
MARVIN POST, No. 240. G.. A. r., meets the
second Saturday and fourth Frid " in each
month. wM. WOODBURY.. Post Commander
J. C. HANSON, Adjutans.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29
PROTECTING THE NEW DOMAIN.

Troops to Keep Boomers Out of the
Sioux Reservation Lands.
Pierre, Oak, dispatch: Brig Gen. T.
II. Ruger of st. Paul arrived and went to
Fort Sully to-day to make arrangements
for holding troops in readiness to keep all
intending settlers off tho Sioux reservation
until the President opens the tract by
proclamation. The Government fears a
rush equal to that into Oklahoma.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

They have flannel bathing suits at
the seaside resorts that do not shrink.
They are ashamed to, probably.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29
IOWA'S BLUE GRASS PALACE.
The Unique Exhibition Formally opened

IHt UHIVIE IATIIUiIIUH It TUIIIIaIIy OPtHVU
at CrestOn.
CHEsIur, iowa, aux. 20. -rne Dis~
Grass Palace was formally opened Thurs
day by Gov. Larrabee in the presence Of
an immense crowd. An appropriate pro-
gram OF music and speeches was rendered.
The palace is the outcome of the forma-
tion of the 'Blue Grass Legion" formed
of the seventeen counties OF Southwestern
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

ANY attempt to raise hogs and pota-
toes in the same field at the same time
will be useless You must not try to-
do too many things at once.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

THE ups and downs of life are better
than being down all the time.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

THERE is some old saying rehecting
on an empty Jug, but it is better empty
than when filed with benzine,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1889-08-29

JEFF Davis was captured by Andrew Bee, pri-
Aate in Company l., Fourth Michigan Cavalry
tan Allegan company, who turned the prisoner
over to the officer of the day who had charge OF
the detail that were In search of Davis. Some
time ago Bee visited Davis at his residence in
Beauvoir. Miss, where he was recognized as
Davis captor and Hospitality entertained by
the ex President Of the Confederacy even to
paying his fare back on the cars TO Allegan:
Private Bee is now following the occupation OF
a tinsmith in the village of Martin, Anegan
County, and history is beginning to do justice
TO the Michigan hero, although he has as yet re-
ceived but 800 a reward for the prominent
part he took in the capture of the notorious
rebel.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1889-05-09
GARRETTSvILLE.
Correspondence

(CorrespondenceO
The Masonic Society is preparing to give an
entertainment here May a2d. a3d. a4th and 25th.
"The Drummer Boy of Shiloh This will be
the formal opening of the new Opera House.
The masons begun work on theme Disciples
church this week.
Morris new brick block is being rapidly
pushed forward, and the walls will soon be COM
pleted.
The Board of Education have finally finished
selecting the teachers for the ensuing year. Last
Friday evening six young ladies, most of whom
were teachers of experience and ability, pre-
sented their applications for position in the sd
primary. this being the last vacancy to fill. The
choice, by unanimous vote of the Board fell on
Miss Name Knapp, a graduate of Wooster
High School, and at present an obliging and
valuable assistant of her uncle, Edmund Knapp,
in our postoffice.
The public schools will give an entertainment
"a Dickens Carnival" this week Friday eve
ming.
The Centennial celebration was an interesting
and pleasant affair. the address of Sup't Jackson
was an able and remarkably successful effort.
The discourse of Elder Fernald was also well
received.
Our weather signals hit the mark at least
three-fourths of the time, which makes Post
master Knapp. who doomed the enterprise. cor
respondingly happy.