davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08

-, Amusing way 10 sh'cn rhey
HiEhJ fnHHiFFns

...Ing way In which They
ss Highly anduct Themselves.
ma chief amusements OF the
One o. sr re- wrestling matches. These
span ,'oss taking place AMI attract
Ne a'W',a s The wrestlers, strange
pre- ' train to put on fat rather than
s sass t off, and the stomachs OF some
taAv are simply enormous, around
th D ths =, wear large band. which is
be's .n, for the opponent to catch hold
pts ,.",at. at least he generally does,
ln,nn ,,;se there would be no sense
nd' o. ,,r them 80 strong. This band
nas, nil pieces of cloth around the
pa 'ina a loins form tho wrestling
TslS' o. These wrestling matches
's'' nDmetbing of a religious character
s'e '% as both sides before COM
'u iaa 90 through a certain cere-
pen0 en-. % i imploring the aid OF their
Pops, saint. and then throw little
a''V Jnto the ring. which is about six
y ar twenty feet around ana Is
fel IA ont by a circle of raised dirt.
~ contestant has a referee, then
aeD - always an umpire, who, to
peio t.om the richness of his costume
llst the airs he gives himself, is the
y. important parsonage OF them all.
Wv .ruostlers themselves are very
in .i,o in the amount of style they
.aa Always before beginning they
through certain motions supposed to
sar the muscles and joints. Yet the
.s.tline to any brought up one as we
y. haen to matches taxing the nerve,
~ endurance and muscles OF the
a.testants, appears perfect farce.
s ths first place, any kind OF a throw
nnnts provided only the man touches
h srouud; second, fyou push or back
usn outside the ring it counts the
.ms as a fall; third, if in the space
minute and a half the wrestlers
n tn throw one another. or to push
!. or tine other out Of the ring, then
h umpire stops them, first noticing
.refully the hold each one has. Then
bev 90 to their corners and rest, and a
MI Of water is brought to them,
in which they rinse out their mouths.
After waiting a few seconds the UNI
ire calls them in to the middle OF the
inc and sees that each one has exactly
n same hold that he had before being
euarated. This goes on until one has
zen thrown or pushed out of the ring,
hitch may take from twenty minutes
half an hour, during which time the
rOyd is in the widest state OF excite
reDt | wonder what they would
biuk could they see one of our Gr9co-
Roman matches. which if more brutal
the way Of hurting one another, is
srainly much more interesting and ex-
jtng to watch, and demands more
giity and strength. The place
here these matches take place is gen
rally surrounded by wooden gallery
Olding many persons, and having
eats for more underneath. This is
bake Of wood, not nailed together, but
imply bound together with straw. yet
seems to hold perfectly.-COr.
Chicago Journal.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
NATURAL GAS SUPPLY.

he Transfer of the Industry from Penn
1 sylvania to Ohio.
/ The supply of gas seems to be abun-
snt although rumors to the contrary
BE being circulated. The largest sup
ply well in the world was recently
POed near Findlay. Ohio, producing
100000 cubic feet of gas per diem,
be largest one in that vicinity hereto
pre- producing 100000 cubic feet.
astonishing and valuable discoveries
pave been made recently in the line of
naking gas from crude petroleum that
pids fair become q rival of natural
Is as regards expense and utility. 1t
claimed by several parties that they
an produce it at cost of from one
three cents per 1000 cubic feet and
proye their good faith one of these
pnpanies has recently purchased a
as plant in one of the Ohio cities and
q contracted to furnish the city with
IS Tor five cents per 1000 and this
amt Is to be running within the next
Gays Chicago capitalists are con-
eC'ed with this enterprise. The sue
Fsslul manufacture of fuel gas from
rude petroleum would become i'm
ensely valuable to custom manufac-
pFers and those of points remote from
rge fuel supplies.
lhere appears to be difference in
quality of natural gas as there is in
uus petroleum, the sulphurous ele-
''H' varying in quantity with the diff
.enl localities and the extent of its
FURIOUS oxydizing effect on the con-
eils valves is yet to be ascertained.
n'Ie are millions of gallons of Ohio
s'oFed IN tanks which as yet are not
Dalaole for Illuminating purposes on
IOuAV OF the excessive quantity of
lpuuf ltcontains. The Pennsylvania
"n'alnlng a smaller quantity of
.i puur Is readily and easily separated
~ several valuable articles of use but
ssreat affinity of sulphur for the illu-
Aa'lng oil in the Ohio crude oil
~'eS an obstacle which is as yet in
IOun'aole. AT one refinery several
rau'ea thousand dollars have been
Felaea in experiments with a a view
PURIFYING the Ohio oil, but as yet
!. nave been unsuccessful. This oil
apresent used chiefly for fuel pur-
.Eere Is no greatreason to doubt the
.Ie VI The oil wells of Pennsylvania,
VIC general transfer of the indus.
p pouio, The daily production OF
ssvmnnSylvania and New York fields
Nl ,auen from 1000 barrels. to a.
,ss l'se's' The rich fields along Oil
1s, Ja III The vicinity of Bradford are
" E dry, and the land is being
h. aaea Tor farming purposes. The
na uslaS must become the center of
IA ms industry. Many prac-
d,i,. leu assert that the State can give
;. yield of 100000 barrels. Men
|sks :. WORK TX every day removing the
Jo ~ o9lo soiL.-Cor. Albany IN
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
Religion of Our Presidents

While the Constitution expressly far
bids the establishment of any religious
test for office holders, it is pleasant te
record that all high officers of Stats
have been church members. During
the last campaign it was notable that
four of the candidates were sons OF
ministers-viz. Grover Cleveland's
father was Presbyterian clergyman,
Allen &. Thurmau's father Baptist
minister. Levi P Morton's father
Congregational preacher, and John A
Brooks is the son OF Methodist minis
ter, and himself a preacher of the SAME
denomination. The religious belief o.
the twenty-five Presidents who have
ruled over the destiuies of this nation
have been as follows: Washington
Madison. Monroe. Harrison, Tyler,
TAYLOR, Buchanan and Arthur vert
Episcopalians; jefferson, John Adams
John @. Adams and Fillmore were Uni
tarians; jackson, Polk and Lincoln
were Presbyterians, as is also the pres
ent incumbent. President Cleveland
Van Buren, was of the Dutch Reformed
Church: Pierce a Trinitarian Congre
eationalist: johnson, Grant and Hayes
were Methodists. and Garfield ATTENDED
the Church of the Christian Brethren
Golden Days.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
-
The OBI RAILROAD.
AN Enterprise Of Great Commerc,.t
Geographical fmportan.. ~""

-, geographical Importance.
Inc question OF opening the interior
OF siberia becomes more and more a.,
portant- While hitherto the canals
between the large rivers, and projects
Oh navigating the dangerous Kara Sea
were foremost among the plans that
seemed likely to be realized, the project
OF railroad from the lower Obi to the
coast west OF Nova Zembla has ~
present assumed definite shape. The
russian newspapers give the following
reports OF the project: The Obi rail.
road the most northern road ever
planned, will be of the greatest eco
homic Importance to Siberia. It de.
serves special attention, as the nro.
Jectors do not demand any subsidy or
Government guarantees. The river
Maiaia-Obi. near Obdorsk, is the start
ing point OF the projected line. which
VIII take direction towards the foot
hills OF the Ural Mountains. The lat.
ter will be crossed in ono OF the trans
versal valleys, which are not over one
hundred feet above sea level. It win
cross the river Ussa near its soprce
ana reach the ocean through the tam
dra OF Bolchesemelsk. Its Terminus
VIII be in the Bay of Shainoudir, near
Belcoff Nosse. The total length OF the
line will be two hundred and sixty
miles. The price Of constru ction. In.
Guiding rolling stock, is estimated ut
torty thousand dollars, or ten million
lollars the whole line The establish.
ment OF u port on the Arctic Ocean
in the locality mentioned above,
with all modern improvements
'or loading and unloading YES.
sells, is estimated at one and
half million dollars. 10 this must be
added the cost of establishing line o,
river boats on tho Obi and Irish,
which Is estimated at two and a hall
million dollars. Thus the whole plan
requires the expenditure of fifteer
million dollars in works of construc
ton.
1t is believed that the line can be
worked for six months of the wear
The products of the remotest parts o.
the Obi basin will be carried to the
shipping port on the ocean in twelve
days, while twelve days more will be
sufficient to carry them to London
The price per hundred weight is esti
mated at ST. 30; while on the present
route, via Barnaul. Perm. St. Peters
burg, London, it is S. 25, the time nee
essary to accomplish this distance
being 100 days.
The railroad. which has been pro-
lected by Mr. Golovacbeff, is intended
as means fer making the transac.
lions of a Siberian commercial com
pany, which has been founded re
Gently. profitable According to the
concession granted by the Russian
Government, this road will not be oper
to the public, but will only be used b,
the grantee, who proposes to expor
the grain and stock from Southern
Siberia, and hopes to be able to fur
nish the London market with Nortl
Siberian fish. On the other hand, thi
company will import principally ma
chinery, which so far has hardly
found lis way to Siberia, and othel
articles which are at present imported
| by Moscow merchants. Science.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
GRADES IN CHINAWARE.
A Drummer Gives Away Some of the Sc
Crets of the business,

A Drummer Gives Away Some of the Sc
crets of the Business.
Few people are aware of what are
known as firsts, seconds and thirds in
chinaware SO that when they purchase
goods they believe that they are of the
same quality, and only look for beauty.
Hence, when they have bought a piece
or set of chinaware and observe some
hing wrong or peculiar about it and
yet can not understand why it is differ.
ent from other chinaware, they have
received a second. A first in china
ware is something that is perfect and
without flaw. This class of goods COM
mands the be t prices, and is not often
reduced at sales. When the goods
just fall short of being perfect, that is,
defective in workmanship, not notice
able to the casual observer, they are
seconds and sell lower than the tirsts.
A little crack in the glazing, scratch
or an indentation makes a second. So,
also, you will find the plate warped or
the bottom of saucer uneven. This
was caused by some accident in firing.
1t makes the goods seconds. Some
dealers sell firsts and seconds at the
same price, making no distinction to
the customer, and even deliver sec
ond where a first was chosen, thinking
only the pattern will be noticed, and
most people would not notice the diff
ference at once. The best houses make
the distinction by setting a different
price on the goods, so that purchaser
wonders why apparentlythe same sets OF
china-ware are of unequal charge. The
dealer simply says one is more perfect
than the other. Sometimes the deal
ers mix the two grades and sell them
as firsts. This is as bad as making nc
distinctions between tirsts and seconds
The thirds are goods that are detective
In every firing of china some pieces are
imperfect, and yet not so bad as to Dc
thrown away. They are assorted into
a third grade and sold cheap Hotels
restaurants and places where the china
ware is apt to be broken purchase
thirds.-St. Louis Globe Democrat.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
PHun.an

One OF the troublesome questions
which architects have never been able
TO settle is tho placing of permanent
foundations under large buildings.
The latest experiment, according to
the American 4rchitect. is to cover
before commencing the footings-
the entire area of the excavation of the
building with a thick stratum of con-
crete, laid directly upon the top OF the
clay hard-pan. The depth Of this
coarse is nearly two feet, and its OBJ
ject is to strengthen the clay that the
settlement may be reduced to a mini
mum.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08

A young man, of St. Helens, Ora
has had touch of both kinds of for
tune. He won s.. 800 in a lottery, AMI
Immediately and properly started fo
Salem to see his sweetheart He Wa
SO anxious to hurry to her that b
could not wait for the train to pull up Il
the station but jumped from it whit
it was running at full speed. and broN
his arm and banged himself up gen
orally.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
hon. Maria de Andreda is consid-

-Dona Maria de Andreda Is consul
cred to be the most cultivated woman
in Brazil. She spent four years IN New
York studying the American scheol
system which she is introducing with
snccess into her own country
Nine Dieulafoy, the intrepid vile
of the explorer in North Africa is ohe
Of the latest women to receive Inc
decoration of the Legion OF Honor
Rosa Bonhuer is the only artist VINO
has been IGNORED. though thirty-four
women in all have been given the REQ
ribbon.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
Too Old to Be Sweet.

That cider is as sour as vinegar"
he said. a. he stcod back from the bar
with deep disgust on his face.
Yes" replied the barkeeper.
Doesn't that sign read Sweet
cider?'"
ut does"
well, then?"
That sign was put up two years
ago. You don't suppose you can keep
cider sweet for two years, do your
Detroit Free Press.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08

to be clear of bacteria, owing TO my
prudence and self-sacrifice, and want
1t kept so.'
Il suppose ! gotten here?'
"Without doubt. madam
''And all this rumpus has been on
my account"
Exactly. But don't go too far with
me! Enough is enough. You must
stop right where you are. | have
humored you all | propose to!"-De-
troA Free Press.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08

w V.lss Mary Maccribbin, who died
h. basuington the other day, nearly
., Iuured years old, used to say
hon. ~ had seen every President
Eavo, 'eorge Washington to Grover
ko,s ~ She was living in Balti-
kent ~ loiZ and saw the lombard
kell III Fort McHenry. She knew
i I'm gonn Howard Payne. the author
hessod h.' Sweet Home" and wit
baltima appearance on the stage at
lrst ~ re- She went to Washington
}y sta.l and it took twelve hours
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08

Mind reading is not such queer
thing, after all. The average wiie
can read her husband thoughts when
she asks him for the money to settle
that last bonnet bill.
Man seldom amounts to much untu
he gets married. And very often ms
usefulness fails to materialize them
Baltimore american. :.
-,Jarvis-"How true the provern IL
that a man is what his wife makes
him" Jervis-"Aud how true IL is'
too. that man does what MS WIG
makes him. "-7erre Haute Express
Husband (severely)-"What! more
money! Suppose I was de"dm .S "
would have to beg for your cash.
Wife (calmly)-"It wouldn't be as
though had never had any practice
sir. VI Chicago Globe
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08
Truly Admirable Grace.

It is one thing to be right ones self;
It is another thing to win others to the
right One person who holds firmly
to essential truth may make that truth
offensive to Others by his bigotry in its
defense. Another person who holds
with like firmness to the same truth
may make error winsome to others oy
his manner of denouncing bigoted de-
tenders of truth. In each case the one
who holds to the truth is all right Tor
himself. and all wrong for others
Bigotry for the truth may be means
of promoting error; and so may de-
nunciation of bigotry. Holding the
truth in such love as will make one
loving towards both bigots and skep-
tics is as rare grace as it Is admir-
able.-S. s. Times.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08

On looking over the most success
full farmers in any community are they
the most intelligent or the most ignor-
ANTI Are they the men who keep
their brains bright and well supplied
with sound thoughts drawn from gooo
AGRICULTURAL reading, or are they the
men who never take an agricultural
paper, who read and think as little as
nossible? HoarTs Datrymdn.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1889-03-08

ALI things come around to MIN VINO
waits. including bald head, false
teeth and ear-trumpets, and heaps OF
miscellaneous troubles. - Somerrs'N
Journal.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Probate Court Proceedings.

Following is a synopsis of the pro
ceedings of the probate court for the
week ending Monday, April sth:
Estate of Henry Cross. Last claim
day. Estate settled and administrator
discharged.
Estate of George W. Shepard. Com
missioners appointed for the partition
of the estate among the heirs and the
assignment of the widows dover.
Estate of Miles Cooley. Petition TO
determine legal heirs.
Justin w. Day was appointed guar
dian of Floyd Bush and Lula Bush,
minors.
Estate of Eliza Cordner. j. G.. Park
hurst appointed administrator
Estate of Daniel j. Lee. Mrs. Sarah
A. Lee appointed administrative.
Estate of Daniel c. Wright. Charles
H. Wright appointed administrator.
Estate of Henry Lindsey. Clarence
IL. and VIM. &. Liudsley appointed ad-
ministrators.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Hay Farm For Sale,

A beautiful hay farm of 40 acres, all
in one lot; natural timothy land (clay);
not an inch of waste; well fenced; good
drive well; AZ miles from Paw Paw on a
gravel road; 30 acres seeded; cuts two
tons per acre on an average. A new
hay barrack, with capacity for about
sixty tons viii be sold cheap and long
time given on most of purchase money.
Inquire at NoRTHERNER office. [74tf
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Mills. Osborn n GOss.
Lawyers.
Fine PhOtOgraphs!

For limited time, will make life
sized picture and a dozen cabinets for
ten dollars. Cabinets from three to
five dollars per dozen. Finest enam-
eled cabinets at the latter figure. An
endless variety of frames constantly on
hand. 1744ly III f. SHEFER,
Paw Paw, Mich.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Paw Paw savings Bank,

Capital $5O,OO0.OO f. w. SELLIcK, Pres,
Z. A CRANE Vice Pres, JOHN w. FREE
Cashier. Board of Directors,
j.. j. WooDMAN, DANIEL LYLE,
JOHN LYLE, WILLIAM LYLE,
JOHN w. FREE, EDWIN MARTIN,
4. w. SELLIoK, WILLIAM j. SELLIoK,
EDGAR A. CRANE. 1732ly
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Dress Making Rooms.

| would announce to my old friends
and customers, and the public generally,
that | have returned to Paw Paw and
opened dress-making rooms over Chap
pell'S jewelry store.
76t2# Mrs. +. JOHNSON.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Teachers Examinations.

Absolutely the best place to purchase
Monuments is of l. A. Whitman, in
Paw Paw. You are guaranteed large
saving on your purchase. Ne agents
fee. Fifty beautiful Monuments, in
Marble and Granite, to select from.
1161-lVl
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
w. e.. ". Ferguson. ID. ID. ~
Dental ParlOrs.

Painless extraction of teeth by the
use of Nitrous Oxide Gas.
Single extraction, twenty-five cents.
Special attention given to the preser-
vation of the natural teeth.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
Rooms over Savings Bank, Paw Paw,
Mich. 1674ly
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
New Suits.

Jennie A. Buskirk VS.. Frank III. Ste
phens and Tena Stephens Foreclosure.
Heckert & Chandler.
Ann Eliza Thompson VS.. Zenas
Thompson. Divorce. w. p. Trophagen.
The People VS.. William Dean. Bas-
tardy. John /. Breck.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
DO You Want "A Bargain

A twelve-horse power threshing en-
gine, in fair condition, for sale at a
bargain. Enquire of
ROBERTS, THRoP & Co,
1774tfl Three Rivers, Mich.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Colts Wanted.

The Cleveland Bay Horse Company
will pay good prices for -years-old
stallion colts by Recruit 1865. Call on
the officers.
j. r. BANGS, Pres't,
+. w. BARTRAM, Manager,
65o90l e.. +. GILMAN, Secretary.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Drive Wells.

Charles II. Scott desires to inform the
people of Van Buren, County, that he repairs
pumps of all kinds and puts down drive
wells. Twelve years experience. Leave
orders at the store of Dunning & Billsborrow.
Paw Paw. 1914
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Hawkins A son.

Brokers, Notaries Public and Convey
ancers. Money to loan and collections
made in all parts of Van Buren, county.
Remittances promptly made. Office
opposite Dyckman House, Paw Paw,
Mich. 13SSly
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Money on Farms.

On long time, easy payments and mod
crate rates. Large sums preferred.
1740tf CRANE IL BRECK
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Work Oxen For Sale.

have a young pair of work oxen
well broke, for sale cheap.
Taft A. RAYMOND.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Miller, the Tailor,

Can put you up as nice neat and nobby
suit of clothes, at as low cost, as any
tailor In the country
Work first-class.
Fit guaranteed.
Repairing done.
Rooms in the new Longwell block,
Paw Paw, Mich. [73ly
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Pine Lumber

Furnished on short notice. Building
and Bridge Timber speciality. Apply
to ;. L. WILSON,
1763tf South Haven, Mich.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10

y. n. Leech.
House, Sign and Carriage Painter, Paper
Hanger and Ceiling Decorator. Shop on Kali
amazoo st., near marble works. 66ly
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
Horses Wanted.
Bargains!

have several choice houses and lots
for sale-awful cheap
77tfl JOHN l. BRECK.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
MiiIinery---Mrs. IL. R. Odeu.

AT the live millinery store on Kala-
mazoo street, large lot of new and
elegant spring and summer goods of all
kinds. Trimming i'm latest style.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
TRUE NORTHERNER,
A. G. MARTIN, Publisher.
BUSINESS NOTICES.

VI. r.. WhaIen. VI. H..
Physician and surgeon. Office over Bartram
Il Millington's Drug Store Office hours,
2-5 p. m, 10 p. m. l767ly.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF
PAW PAW

FINE! "HENLEY's- TAILORING.
Academy of Music building, Kalama-
zoo, Mich. l744tf
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1889-04-10

1774tfl
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1889-02-11
Welding BY E.eCtricitY.

Two methods of joining metals by
electricity are now practiced. In that
of Prof. Elihu Thomson, which is es-
pecially applicable to the uniting OF
tubes, rods, wires, etc, a very heavy
curren, Is passed between the two
metals, when the great resistance OF
the points of contact causes it to be-
come quickly heated and welded. In
the process Of Nj. Bernados, the heat
Of the electric arc is used, the june
ton Of the metals forming one pole
and rod Of carbon, readily applied
TO any point desired, the other. The
first method is said to be surer and
more easily controlled, and the second
is capable of wider application.