Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1889-12-27
BRAzIL's REVOLUTION.
HOW TIL CHANGE CAME ABOUT-OUR
CORRESPONDENT TELLS II STORY.


BAHIA, Brazil, Nov. 20, 1889.
Already the news has been flashed
from capital to capital of the nations of
the earth that the Brazilian empire has
passed away, and that the republic is
proclaimed and established throughout
the length and breadth of this vast coun-
try. Startling Marvellous Almost
incredible! Such expressions as these,
doubtless, fell from the lips of people in
every hamlet, town and city, when first
the news was passed along from one to
another.
With no intimation of a change of gov
eminent, with no warning to the people,
with no war-cloud upon the horizon, no
internal disturt ance, but peacefully, 81
lently, unheralded, the Brazilian empire
of 81 years was dropped from the roll of
empires of the world and the republic of
the United States of Brazil was born.
The ex-emperora and family have left the
country, the crown has been removed
from palaces and public buildings, the
Brazilian flag of empire has been hauled
down and the red, white and blue-the
flag of the provisional REPUBLICANS been
hoisted in its place, and now waves from
the forts and public buildings of the
country.
blC DJoDlC WCIO DuloulhS IN
ordinary avocations of business in the
office, the street and at their homes, the
old regime of empire passed from sight
and a new republic shot forth into the
constellation of American republics with
the promise of a glorious existence.
No wonder the other nations of the
earth should stand aghast at the sudden
but peaceful transition, the bloodless
change. Through the rise and fall and
change in nations and governments. from
the organization of the first recorded
government on earth down to the pres
ent time, this change from one form of
government to another, from empire to
republic, without war, without conflict,
without riot, without bloodshed, without
internal disturbance, stands unparalleled
on the page of history.
On the morning of November 10 the in
habitants of this vast country sat down
to their breakfasts as usual, under an
empire and an emperor, but they ate
their evening meal under a republic and
a president.
When the sun rose on the morning of
the 18th he shed his dawning tropical
beams, as for 81 years before, upon an
empire; on sinking to rest he shot forth
his great shafts of glorious light upon
that empire, transformed las if by magic,
into a republic. Like a thunderbolt from
a clear sky, the startling intelligence fell
upon this city about 2 p. M. on the 10th,
that the republic had been proclaimed in
Rio de Janeiro. But who did it? How
was it done? What were the causes that
led up to it so suddenly? These ques-
lions were on every tongue. kilograms
were received confirming the reports, but
no particulars given. The evening pa
pers told how it was done and who did it.
A proclamation was issued by General
Marachel Manuel Feodoro da Fonseca,
commander of the forces at Rio de janet
no, "decreeing the deposition of the i'm
perial dynasty and the extinction of mon-
archical representatives throughout Bra
I'll, and declaring a republic as The result
of a national REVOLUTION, essentially pat
riotic in its character and looking only
to a greater peace, prosperity, progress
and liberty for the people throughout
the entire country"
"The provisional republican govern
ment. the temporary agent of national
sovereignty, is Il government of peace
and order, of brotherly love and of lib.
erty." SIT guarantees by every lawful
means in its power, to all the inhabitants
of Brazil, native and foreign, security
of life and property, respect for individ-
ual and political rights" Life tenure
for senators is abolished and the cham
Der of deputies is dissolved by this pro-
v%isional republic"
''The provisional government also rec
OgIizes all the acts, the national prom.
ises and obligations contracted during
the former regimen, the treaties existing
with foreign powers, the public debts,
both at home and abroad, and all Lawful
obligations or contracts that are found
existing"
These are the chief points in the proc
lamation by the provisional government
When it was read to the army and the
navy, to the policemen, the firemen anC
the military school,-all numbering SOM
10000 or 10000 men there assembled-all de
rlared with long, loud and enthusiastic
cicds for the republic of the United State,
of Brazil. Trd after riua filled the air
%resOunded from hill to hill, reverberateC
along the magnificent bay of Rio to b'
caught up again and re-repeated and re
echoed "the hills and wales among ant
on the mountain-tops, till from north t.
south, of this country, from the Allan
tic to the Andes, the United States o
Brazil was everywhere heard.
What were the immediate causes tina
led to it at this time? All sorts of ru
hhCio - II I VI SldN
cry. to which | referred in my last, mos
likely accelerated the republican move
ment. The discomfort of the soldiers i
another cause. The reported abdicatiol
of the emperor IN December 2 mex
may have had the effect of precipitatin,
the movement at this time. The empero
would, of course, be succeeded by tn
princess. The husband of the princess
Condo d'Eu, is hated, in fact, almost de
spised by the people of Brazil in general
Should the princess ascend to the thron
on the I'd prox., as she would have done
had she lived and there had been N
change, her husbands influence woul
be felt. The army foresaw this. The,
had no love for the Condo d'Eu. The,
resolved as a unit to strike a blow tina
would forever relieve them of royalty, S
long as the emperor, who was highly es
teemed and greatly loved, was about t
abdicate. They struck the blow, the,
formed the republic. Silent it came
sudden and unheralded, but forcible, i'm