Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1889-02-15

mile axe built much IKE thoss used in cleaning
much after the manner Of a pisnsr head 10 Is
Pfoslss Win g hopper eb9Ee. INTO which the
which the knives Of the cutter Just pass.
DIFFUSION.
Afbsr the cutting cleaning and Shedding,
eDoVe described. the cane is ready for the Giffu-
called diffusion Cells-ususlIy twelve. fourtes7
or slLtesn- These calls are go Conueete7 kv riDag
sllLL--l-11 y-lll water can be passed into either
the top or the bottom of any cell or from cell 20
49, 49, t--s Af ing spLatetts' OF e may be
f7 - -tSl AtF cen 10 q These
cells ara closed Watsr-tight hy . I'D at the ton
80 y ooor az Ihe bottom. Ihe cane chips as
mzticaliy to the battery. The cells sre hlled in
succession, and a. rapidly cell is filed it is
communication through the pipes with the cell
next preceding lG in the series. The exception
communication with a tank vhOss eleVation
gives pressure sufficient TO cause ready cir n
latlon thrCuzh the battery when outlet is
provided. When the proper number Of the cells
have been thus filed and connected the cell last
n!led IS drawn on by opening communication
with the messuring-tank. Now the circulating
system is 90 arranged that the Water from the
tank flows into the top Of the first cell OF the
and ont OF the cell into the first heater 1t then
rises through the first heater and flows into the
top OF the second cell and down through the
chips and out into the second heater. Ii then
rises through the second heater and lows into
the top Of the third cell, etc. 1t continues thus
to circulate down through the cells and an
through the heaters SUCCESSFULLY until it ~
passed the last cell filed With chips where it is
drawn on into the EHeasuring-tank, as before
stated By this time the next cell IS allied With
cane chips and the on let into the msasurinG-
tank is cOssd and the cell Just filed IS placed ID
communication with the series already in use.
Communication of the hTst cell with the elevated
tank and With the other cells is now closed, and
the second cell is placed in communication with
the series. The cell just cut out lie opened at
both top and bottom and its contents are dis
eag1nr#En nHaEnh n -
The diffusion process has for many years been
successfully applied in Europe to the extraction
OF eugar from the best, and is not patented; and
While patents have been taken In this country on
particular methods OF peItoE ming some OF the
auSllary appliances, the rect remains that the
diffusion process is free to all sugar-makers, aud
that other than the patented methods or patented
appliances may be used with success-an II
some cases with greater success than those on
which the patents have been taken.
After having besn placed in a diffusion cell the
cane chips are not moved until exhausted OF their
sugar and ready to be removed from the factory.
sugar. 1t viii be borne in mind that solution
of sugar in water is heavier than pure water.
TREATMENT OF CANE IN THE CELLS.
An ANNA ed discussion Of the subject OF treat
menC OF cane IN the cells has claimed attention
for over q year. The SWensOn patent which Is
the subject of a suit at law, to which ths United
states is 9 party, is on the use OF carbonate Of
sugar EXpeI ime nts during the present season,
in the use of caustic lime for this purpose have
Jennings has letters patent on the use of caustic
lime in the diffusion cell for the purpose OF
defeating the juice, and possibly claims that his
patent ceyers also the use OF lime to prevent In
It is proper here to state that the success OF
the diffusion process does not depend upon the
Pht to use either OF these patents. Ripe, sound
canes prOmp pity worked are not subject to serious
inversion IN the dlHQsiOn battery, ana the Juice
is usually DELEGATED after it has been drawn from
the battery 1t Is not 20 be understood that these
processes are without value ana II is aluoGeTner
likely that those who desire to use them viii be
able to make satisfactory arrangements with the
CAPACITY OF BATTERIES.
A ton of cane chips may be put into a diffu-
sion cell containing 70 cubic feet capacity. The
battery may be operated at the rate Of six cells
per hour, or for such battery IA tons OF cleaned
cane in "A hours. The operation may be even
more rapid than this; but with a 12-ceh battery
IA cells per day is all that should be attempted,
and 135 cells per DAY should be considered salts
factory. Most people who cOnte "a plete the cree
ton or sugar factories ike TO estimate the capac-
ity of the factory in tons of field cane per day,
These quantities are equal to about $50 tons and
% tons respectively OF topped and cleaned cane
For a 2O0-LOn factory q suitable battery viii be
one of u cells, each having capacity Of 80 cubic
feet. For a 1CO-tOn factory the same number OF
cells Of half the above size viii be required.
DELEGATION OF TIE JUICE.
The processes so far considered give the juice
ready for further treatment. This diffusion juice
ls much pUrer than that O. obtained by crushing the
cane, and 1t should contain 95 per cent of all the
sugar grown IN the cane, while crushers yield
The usual method of defeating is to add milk
of lime to the juice until the acids neutra1iZed,
shown by the litmus-paper test; boil and skim.
sTal plans by which the skimming is effected, but
the only essential point is that 1t be very thor
minRs to the diffusion cells prevents waste, even
though in skimmlng considerable quantities OF
juice are removed. The impurities thus returned
to the juice in tae battery having been changed
from the LIQUID to the solid form by the action OF
the lime and the heat, do not again go into sOlu-
ton in the ne juice, and are therefore retained
with the other solid matters, the chips in the
diffusion cells, and bong thoroughly Ieached OF
tnelr sugar go out OF Inc LacC9r5 IN EuT4 Co41L-
ton that they cannot bee one ELUSIVE. If settling
is resOrted to the settings should also be returned
70 the o14QslOn ce1!s. IN case OF oEe5.IIIll1LAi
sugar will be precipitated as sucrate OF lime and
Will be found in the Settings. Sucrate of lime
is readily Qecomposed Dy the weak acto5 OF the
cane Juice in the diffusion battery, and the sugar
goes into the solution and reappears with the
juice, while most of the lime, which was taken
from the sugar ana Is in combination with the
acid Impurities, remains with The chips, as do
the skimmings. In the process Of defecattOn the
Juice will generally be bOile1 no more than is
necessary, although 1t Is not likely 20 be injured
miles the high temperature of the open pan is
long continued.
EVAPORATION.
After DELEGATION the juice is ready for evapora-
ton. This should be accomplished before the
jnice has time to cool after leaving the defeca-
tors. Indeed, from the time the juice is drawn
warm from the diffusion battery it should never
he allowed to cool until reduced to semi-syrup.
Yet it is desirable that the evaporation take
place at a temperature below that at which water
bOils in the open air, since exposure 70 high
concentrated is deleterious to the crystailizing
power Of the, sugar.
TIE BTRIEE-PAE.
The final act of evaporation and the crystalline
ton of the sugar are effected in another vacuum
apparatus, called the strike-psn. There are many
standard makes OF these, and they viii not be de-
scribed here.
As the syrup nears the density at which the
sugar molecules come sufficiently near to each
other to Crystaliz5 ths effect OF elevated temper
ature is more detrimental than at any previous
stage Of the operations. In this dense syrup it il
also difficult than in thin syrup TO eVapOrats
the water without a temperature that is fatal to
the crgstalliZing power OF sorghum sugar. Resort
is therefore had to the highest practicable vacuum
ana the appliances for securing and maintaining
il have been brought to great perfection.
The product as 1T comes from the stFize-pan Is
called maIads or mascuite and is thick granular
mixture OF mOlasses and sugar.
TIE CENTRTFJTGAIs