davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15

'.--------------r-----
Justice Bosworth arose and ,ender.
ell his decision in n clear for,;,,,.,
voice, requiring DR.. Walker TO oivo n
bond of $500 TO keen tbc ro,co for
12 months.
NE DECLINED.
The decision rendered. evorv exo
was on DIR. Walker. who seemed ex.
cited aud angry. Ina moment hc
spoke, conrtoously but firmly, d =
clinine TO give the bond Tho Ju..
ticc then told him he would hc forced
to commit him tn mil in dcfnult.
DR.. Walker responded: II will 90
to jail before | will be plnced under ;,
peace bond"
Justice Bosworth then procceIod
to make out the papers necessary for
conmil,al before plnciny the nrjso,
cr IN the custody of au officer TO
bring him to the county iail located
ut Lexington. When the pnrors
had been completed IL. Walker nros,
from his seat and, turning towards
Henry Miller, standing very close.
asked Justice Boswoyth if he could
have the privilege of slappinr that
mans face. meaning Alillc,'s.
The Justice firmly told lin no that
the dignity OF his court must be pre-.
served and the peace must not We
violated by any difficulty whatever.
! WALKER then moved toward Miller
and drew IL pistol from his pocket.
siaNhI.
THIS was ii signal Tor The opcninn
of the fatal riray
Dave Miller. IL son of Henry Mil
Ter: on whom Walker was advancing
with the pistol, with other friends OF
Miller, pounced on Walker and
quickly took the pistol from him, bui
not until after Il desperate light. tie
pistol being discharged several times
when it is thought Dave Miller was
SHOT. Dave miller secured Walkers
weapon, but, not daun,ed. Walker
drew n long knife, caught Henry Mil
Ter, and stabbed him in the heart,
bowels, side and blackstone fifteen
or twenty wounds in all While
Walker was doing his deadly worl;
Dave Miller opened fire ON Walker
and brought him to his knees.
LIFE BLOOD spUETING.
Henry Miller fell to the floor with
the Likelihood spdrting from n dozen
on more fatal wounds, one of whicl:
was through the heart. When Waik.
CT first drew his pistol on Miller II
window WAS raised and four pistols
thrown i'll, presumably by Millor's
friends. The Miller boys secured
The pistols an | opened on Walker.
BRAVE WOMAN.
When Walker fell he got to the
bench and afterwards fell on tie
floor. Mrs. Walker was on the 9th
Ell side of the room. aud when her
husband fell To the floor pierced with
two or more mortal wounds, amid
the greatest excitement, crash of re-
volvcrs, bullets and other danger,
she bravcly went to his rescue with
restoratives and, tenderly bending
over his PROSTATE form, she admins
tered to his comfort. While in This
position she fell over the body of her
husband i'll dead faint, it was
Thought, where she remained until
tho shooting was over.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15
Ncafr,f/Ujc Persons

And those troubled with Nervousness rcsnlln +.
from care or overwork will he relieved by taking;
BrO,On'S IRON Filters. Genuine
has trade mark aud crossed ,cG lines Oh wrapper.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15
THE BROWNSDURG TRAGEDY

We append below a graphic de-
scription of II shooting in Justices
Court at Brownsburg, Rocibridge
county. The beginning of the trou.
BILE was an insult offered by Mr..
Henry Miller, prominent farmer, to
the wife of Dr. u. j. Walker, lead
ing physician of the county. Mrs
Walker kept the indigniiy secret
from her husbauI for several DAYS,
bat iira!iy iniormed him of it. He
immediately announced his intention
o. shooting Miller on sight and went
armed for that purpose The latter,
acting on the advice OF friends, swore
out peace warrant against Walker,
and it was at the hearing before a
magistrate that the horrible denoue.
mont came.
THE TRIAL.
DR.. Walker, wife and friends came
MIC court and the witnesses being
sworn the trial was begun. Witness
es were called and every word of the
testimony was listened to with bated
breath and death like stiffness. The
evidence went to show that DR.. Walk
CT had threatened the life of Miller, a
Tact not denied by the defendant.
When all the evidence had been
taken and the interval between the
hearing OF tho case and the JUSTICES
decision, not sound broke the still
ness OF tnat courtroom, so soon to
become the scene of tho most awful
homicide ever known in this section.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15
NOTICE.

We want all who owe us To come
forward and settle ut once and pay n
part, if not all, Of their accounts
We must have money and we do not
want our customers to think that
this notice is intended for only a
few. It is intended for all who owe
us-and to all such, IL menus, you.
BUCHANAN, HARmssoN a. Co.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15
ELECTION ECHOES.


Had the Democrats Of this, tho 81
district, nominated candidate for
the Senate, lac would have been
elected.
Craig county gave Mckinney I5i
majority out of total vote of GS5.
one pr, cinct giving Mckinney 70 and
Muhono 0.
Malone SAYS: ~ expect 10 live II
long time yet. aud if am living II
hundred years from NOW ] will be
carrying on business at tho old
stand.
BoilS. carhuuclrs. and other skin
cruptiunS Indicate that the system
Is en'lravorlng To reject poisonous
acids, and that Ayers SurSapari!l;,
is impera,ivcly needed. 1t is the
most rrlia bile of nll blood medicines
Ask your druggist for it, and take
no other
Straight Democracy is in the as
cendancy everywhere. The New lork
County Democracy, which flew the
old beaten track, seems To have cone
To join the Bonapariists of Baltimore
and Ia follow Cowan with his red cap
over the harricalcs Surely history
IS getting all tumhlcd up. hut Dcmo
crazy is as upright and sirai.htlor.
ward as cvcr.-Statc.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15
GENERAL STORE
T. G.. WITTEN.

| " IRGINIA In the Clerks Office of
Tazcwcll Circuit Comt, Oct. II, 1889.
George W. Gillespie and S. d. May
Compainants,
against
j. Wilcox Brown, trustee and agent, j.
! Turner Morchead, trustee; D. w. G..
Bcnbow. }. NJ. Curric, G.. q. Holland,
a. S. Buford, j. ID. Blair, W. n Iuilim,
Il. y. Lancaster and a. j. May,
Defendants.
Il CHAScEEY.
The object Of tins suit il to have part
ton between the Plaintiffs and Defendants
of certain lands owned by them living in
Tazcweil and Russell counties. Virginia.
on Mill Creek and waters thereof; aud on
Coal and Mud Lick Creeks and waters
thereof. And it appearing from snisfnc-
tory evidence on iilc in tins Office that snid
! y. Wilcox Brown, trustee and agent; j
Tur1cr Morchcnd, trustee; ID. w. G.. Ben
bow, j. M. Curric and Il. 4, Lancaster nro
non residents of this Commonwealth, il is
ordered that theyappear here within fifteen
days after due publication of this order
and do what may be necessary to protect
their interest i'll this suit and that cupics
hereof be published and posted as pre-
scribcd by law.
Copy--rcstc:
II. BANE HARTMAN, ID. G.
] a. j. $. d. MAY, p. q. oous.t
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15
BUCHANAN, HAREIssoN q Co
FOR THE MOOD,

lESs- FOR TIif. MOOD,
TX Weakness. Maiarin, Indigestion and
DiliOusncss take
isisOwN's IRON BITTE:Rs.
1t cures quickly. For sale by all dealers IN
medicine. Get the genuine.
Clinch Valley news. [volume] (Jeffersonville, Va.) 18??-2019, 1889-11-15

When Baby WAS sick. We gave her Casto.ia.
When she WAS Child, she cried for Castoria.
Wien She became Miss size chung to Castoria
When she had Children. she gave them Cas,oria
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
rhn Charm of a Sweet Yoice.

met the other day one Of the most
fashionable women in the city, and the
thing about her that charmed me most
was her perfectly trained voice. 1t was
low and melodious, never raised above a
certain pitch, but her enunciation was
perfectly clear. A sweet, low voice is
one of the most seductive charms in
woman, and yet how seldom one is
found The majority of women do not
seem to realize this, and ones ears are
constantly being tortured by the sound
of loud, shrill voices. At a restau-
rant where I frequently dine comes
very often a pretty young woman with
her mother, and when I see her coming
I want to go. She has a high pitched,
cracked, old wOman's voice, that takes
away my appetite and sets my nerves on
edge. At a recent afternoon reception
handsome lady entered and began to
talk. As soon as she began every one
else stopped and listened, for her voice
was SO loud and harsh that it drowned
every other. She was clever, and what
she said was worth listening to, but it
was torture to the sensitive ear. The
spell of beautiful face is often broken
by q harsh, uncultivated voice, while
a sweet voice almost makes a plain face
pretty. would turn round in q crowd
| to discover the owner of an attractive
voice, but 1 would not turn round in the
street to catch a second glimpse of a
pretty face Pretty faces are common
enough, one sees them everywhere, but
thoroughly refined, cultivated an(
sweetly modulated voice is indeed rare
New York Star.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
nRANIiI ltnAns

DELAWARE. MAEYLAHD d ViEGISIA r. r.
Leave Harrington tor Lewcs Hoo a. IN. and
5I7 p. IN. For Frauk.in aHd way stations u l.Uj
a. m. Returning trains leaves Lewes for Harriug-
ton 6.35 a. n, and % p. M. Leave Franklin
7.05 a. III.
For Berlin, leaves Harrington II 0j q H. Re
turning leaves Berlin 500 a. ID.
QUEEN ANNE ,V kent ]; E.-Leave Townsend
for Ccntreyine and way SjutioLS $50 a. II. and IA
D. M weekdays
DELAWARE IL CHEsAPEAKE Il. E-LcGvc Clayton
for oxford and way stations l603 IA. III. and II
.. m. week days.
Cambridge " sEAFoRD i. R.-Leaye Seaford for
Cambridge and intermediate stations II 80 A. m.
weekdays
ONSECTIOSS.-At Porter. with Newark d Della
ware City H8ilrOad. At Townsend with Queen
Anne Sd keutRGilrOad At,iEyt0n with Delaware
>vChesapeake Kali road ana Baltimore q Delaware
Bay Railroad Al Harrington with Delaware,
Maryland 2 Virginia Railroad AtSeaford with
| Cambridge & Seaford Railroad. At Dcmar with
| New YORK Philadelphia l Norfolk, WicOmiCO &
! POcOmOEe, and Peninsula Railroad
CHAS. l.. PCGH General Manager.
J. R. WOOD, General Passenger Agent.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
To Make Wood FireprooE.

If this could be cheaply and effectual-
ly done there are few improvements
which would be more largely conducive
to the welfare Of mankind. The follow
ing paragraph, therefore, which has
been lately in circulation, may be fairly
pronounced important if true, and in
teresting at any rate" 1t is stated that
a New Englander has recently discov-
cred a cheap method of dissolving zinc
by combining it with hydrogen and pro-
ducing a solution called zinc water.
This liquid, if applied to certain woods,
notably white wood, makes it absolutely
fireproof, and at a low cost. Mr.. Ed
ward Atkinson, the Boston economist,
in speaking of it at Cornell university,
says he regards this discovery as one Of
the most important of the age, and one
that will surely revolutionize fire insu-
rance, as we'll as immensely decrease the
losses by fire. The invention is kept Sc
cret for the present. Only one foreign
er, Sir Lyon Playfair, the English scien-
tist, knows Of it. He corroborates all
that is claimed for the invention, and
says that the inventor is a bungling
chemist, but that he has a faculty oi
laundering into the choicest secrets ot
natures laboratory. AS soon as patents
are perfected and capital interested, zint
water will become an article of com
merce.-Safety Valve.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
Philadelphia, Wilmington 3 Baltimore RAILROAD
DELAWARE DIVISION.

On and after December 10th, 1883 Sundays ex-
cepted) trains willleave as follows;
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
The only non-Alcoholic Vegetable med
icine put up in liquid form ever
discovered.

tits not vile fancy drink male of rum poor
whiskey. or refuse liquors. SpiCet and SWeeieucd
to please the taste, but purely vegetable prep
aratiOn, made from native California herbs.
Twenty-Five years use have demonstrated to
millions Of sufferers throughout the civilized
world that of all the medicines ever discovered
Vinegar BittCrs only possesses perfect and Won
derful curative effects upon those troubled with
the following diseases, viz:
DgsDcDsd RI umitSm. CDtdlTh, NeIrdgid, Hedd-
ache Bots, Srrofdt skin Diseases, JdGadice, cont
PHes BHi0USHcSS and all other diseases arising
from blood impurities, and as "a It1HiHge il is
the best i'm the world. being dcrth to all worms
that inicSI the human system.
II is always safe to take at any time, or under
any condition Of the system, for Old or young or
for either sex. il put up in two styles The
old is slightly bitter, and j, the stronger in
cathartic effect The new style is very pleasant
to the taste and perfect medicine for delicate
women or children. Each Kind is distinctly
marked on top OF cartoon.
Many families keep both kinds on hand, as
they form IL complete medicine chest
is q tu1qHg mtdicijtc for the use Of ladies'
children and men of sedeutary habits, the New
Style Vinegar Biuers has no equal in the world
1t is Invaluable for curing the ills that beSet
childhood and gently regulates the diseases to
which women az every period Of life are subject
Lad'cs get a bottle from your druggist and try
il. II your druggist has not the NeW style Vine
gar BilterS, ask him TO send for il If You once
try il YOU will never be without this priceless
remedy in the house
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
a Rnro chnnco for . Corner.

It is stated by scientific and learned
men that all the great wealth Of the Van.
derbilt family, about $500. 900 900, would
suffice to buy only two tons of gallium.
that rare and precious metal being valued
at 3,25O an ounce If any Of our edito-
rial brethren want any more gallium than
they arenow carrying in stock it is hoped
they viii get a few pounds to last thro,Ioh
the hot weather before the Vanderbilt
hear Of this chance and play Old HutcI
with the market. The pressman told n
last night that he didn't believe we had
more than half o barrel on hand now
Burdette in Brooklyn Eagle.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
OH Eqvotian Encaustic Pvocess.

IL
In tlae older Egyptian mummles Che
face of the outer casing is usually mod
pled in relief, in a purely conventional
way, but in this latest form OF burlal
under the Roman empire portrait Oh
the deceased was painted on very thin
niece of wood and then fixed over the
dead face. 1t is very remarkable to hnd
such fine coloring and skillful drawing
in work of this late date, which must
have been turned out OF an ordinary
undertaker's workshop. The portraits,
both male and female, are most vivid
and lifelike; the ladies are mostly
dressed in a purple garment, and the
men in white, with a red Orphrey. The
modelling of the flesh is very skillful,
and in some cases the coloring reminds
one of the Venetian school from its rich
depth of tone.
A special point of interest about these
paintings is their technical execution in
| the hot wax, or encaustic process, as 1t
was called. The pigments were mixed
with melted wax, and then fixed in their
place by holding a charcoal brazler near
| the surface of the painting, as is described
by Vitruvius. The somewhat lumpy
impasto Of the surface is due to the hard
ening of the melted wax when the brush
touched the cold surface of the panel,
and, owing to the non-absorbent nature
of the wood, the subsequent application
of heat was not able to drive the wax
below the surface, as was the case with
encaustic painting upon stucco. One oi
these portraits is noticeable from its or
namental framing with a flowing pat
tern, formed by pressing wooden stamp!
upon soft stucco, which was afterwarC
gilt, a process exactly like that which
was so often used to decorate medi@va
pictures on panel, especially retables, O
ancone, as the Venetians called them.-
Saturday Review.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
Too Deem for Them.

Sir William Thomson delivered a series
of lectures on physics at Johns Hopkins
university, and the fashionable people
of Baltimore set out to make them an
event in social intellectual circles
They understood that some mathemati-
cal training was necessary, but Sir Will
lam sailed right into questions involving
differential and integral calculus. After
he had filled blackboard with ques
tions, he turned and asked: "Do you
follow me?' A few minutes later, in a
particularly difficult problem, he mildly
asked his audience if they saw any mis-
take, to call his attention to it, He
wondered why everybody smiled. Half
a dozen very studious looking men made
up the audience at the second lecture
Chicago Herald.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
nIea1v Potatoes.

A lady who claims to always have the
mealiest Of potatoes gives her way Of
cooking them as follows: Peel tho pota-
toes with thin pairing, for the best Of
the potato is nearest the skin, and soak
them ten minutes in salt water. Then
put them on to bofl in fresh cold water,
cover the saucepan and set it where il
will boil very fast. When the potatoes
are tender, but not overdone, pour off oil
the water and sprinkle some salt over the
potatoes Put on the cover again, but
with folded towel beneath it to keep in
all the steam. In five minutes shake the
saucepan forcibly, take Off the cover and
leave the potatoes uncovered in q hot
place for a few minutes, shaking It two
or three times in the meantime.-Lewis
ton Journal.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
A Telegraph Man Outwitted.

A few days ago several men from the
electric light station dug hole for an
electric light pole opposite one of the
finest residences in Maiden, Mass. The
owner Of the residence in the meantime
secured a man and told him to go up
into the woods and dig the first tree he
could find, and hurry back and place it
where the hole for the electric light pole
was. Before the men commenced to
raise the electric light pole the owner of
the residence invited them to come into
his cellar and take a drink, which they
all did. There the owner detained them
long enough to allow the man sent for
the tree to come back and plant it. The
others did not dare to remove tree, Sc
they put the pole into their wagon and
drove off.-Scientific American.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
THE CRY OF THE DREAMER.

am tired Of planning and toiling
In the crowded hives Of men;
Heart weary Of building and spelling,
And spelling and building again.
And l long for the dear old river
Where 1 dreamed my youth away;
For a dreamer lives forever,
And a toiler dies in day.
lam sick Of the snowy seeming
OF a life that is half lie;
OF the faces lined with scheming,
In the throng that hurries by.
From the sleepless thoughts endeavor,
Iwould go where the children play;
For q dreamer lives forever,
And a toier dies in q day,
Ifeel no pride, but pity
For the burdens the rich endure;
There is nothing sweet in the city
But the patient lives Of the poor.
Oh, the little hands so skillfuL
And the child mind chOked with weeds
The daughters heart grows willful,
And the fathers heart that bleeds.
No. mol from the streets rude hustle,
From trophies Of mart and stage,
would fly to the woods low rustic,
And the meadows kindly page.
Let me dream as Of old by the river,
And be loved for the dream alway;
For q dreamer lives forever,
And q toiler dies in a day.
John Boyle O'Reilly.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
VINEGAR BITTERS.

The only Temperance Eiuers known. II
stimulates the Brain and quicis the Nerves,
regulates the Bowels and renders "A perfect
blood circulation through the human veins,
which is SIRE to restore perfect health.
GEO. W. DAVIS. Of 1863 Baroone St. New Or
leans, La writes under date OF May 10Th 1883 as
follows: 81 have been going TO the Hot Springs
Ark, for fifteen years for an itching humOr in my
blood. ! have just used three bottles of Vinegar
Bitters and it has done me more good than the
springs. 1t is the best medicine made
JOSEPH J. EAGAN, Of No - West ST. New
York. says: Have not been without Vinegar
Btters for the past twelve years, and consider il
a whole medicine chest in our family"
MRS. MATTE FUR ,UsON of Dryden. n Y
says Vinegar BtterS is the best medicine
ever tried it saved my life
T. F. BAILEY, of HUMBOLDT Iowa, says: win
egar Bitters cured lie of paralysis ten years ago
and recently it cured me of rheumatism
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10

d.-stOps 70 lei on Passengers rom PhIladel-
phia and Wilmington.
b.-stops to take Oh passengers for Wilmington
and Philadelphia.
NelO caste Accommodation YraRS.-Lcavc viii
mington go a ~. ant24' pm. Leave New Castle
63j a. N. and 3.3J p. ID.
Es-Expges> JuIu leaving Harrington at $50
u. H., and arriving a. 'il p. III, runs through
solid to and from baltimore, rt0 Porter's and
Newark.
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
Fruit, Grain and Stock

BAGS FURNIsHED AND lHt,& ,4Ef.....e
LO~ESI #A.F-
Fare to Philadelphia. q co.,-. L...4 I... s,...
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10

81 don't so fur to confess that all men
are shuckless and improbable, but the
heft O them hain't wuth 2-y'er-ole 'taters.
No mo- of 'em fur me, I'm dun gwine to
20 it alone from this out. Through?
Gwine? Well, short miles to you. I've
got to blow the horn and git them mig
gers into rations. IN. Quad in Detroit
TTroo Droco
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
VINEGAR BITTERS.

The Great Blood Purifier and Health Re
stOrer. Cures all kinds of Headache, also
Indigestion and Dyspepsia.
Send for a beautiful book, free.
Address, Il. II MCDONALD DRUG co,
532 Washington St. New York
Smyrna times., 1889-07-10
New York, Philudclphin q NorfOlt II. Il.

Leave Philadelphia, Old Point Express, ll.2o
p m, daily, Baltimore y0a g.. III, Wilmington
IL p5 Il. ul daily, stopping at bower and Dclmar
regularly and at New castle Eirkwood Mid
dIettwn Clayton. Fciton, Harrington. Bridge
miugtou and points North or take on passengers
t0r point. south of Dclmar,
The II 20 p. N. also stops uH signal al Laurel.
North bOUai trains leave Delmur .O5 "a. ~ daily
Dover - "a. M. regularly; arriving I'll Whining
ton a. q. M Baltimore Csc a IN, and lhiluGel-
phia 30 q. lu.
The lu5 d. ~. train also stops "a; Scaford
BrG.evil G., Huntington, FELTON,. clayton ana
Middletovu 20 leave passenger, from points
South Of DeHiar, or take ON passengers for Viii
al Laurel.
Huntsville gazette., 1889-03-09

their lust penalties. or to wrest them from a
beneficent public purpose to serve the ends OF
cruelty or seltishness. Ny promise is spoken /;
yours unspoken, but not The less real and
solemn. Tle peop of every state have here
their repr sentatives Surely | do not mis- n
terpret the spirit OF The occasion when | as
sume that the whole bodyof the people covenant
with me and with each other to-day to support
and defend the Cons itutiod and the Union OF
the States; to yield wiling obedience to all
the laws and each TO every other It'll
zen his equal civil ana polit al
rights. Entering thus solemny into
covenant with each other, we may rcyerently
invoke and contid ntly expect the favor and
help of Aim gity God, that He VIII give to me
wisdom, strength and fidelity, aud TO our peo-
pie spirit Of fraternity and "a love OF right
eousness and peace.
This occasion derives peculiar interest from
the fact that the pres dentiai term, which be
gins this day, the tive TVS Xth under our
Consttut on. The first .nauguration OF Presi-
dent Washington took place New York
where Congress then sitting. Oh the thtr-
tieth day of April. 1779. having De deferred by
reason of delays attending the organ Zation OF
the Congress ana Inc canvass OF Jne electoral
vote.
Our people have already worthily observed
the centennlals of the Declarlt on of Independ-
euee of the Bait G OF Yorktown and OF the Adop-
tion OF the Const tuition: ant viii shortly ceie-
brate in New York. the institution OF the sec
ond great department OF our constitutional
scheme OF government. When the cen enn al
of the institution Of the dpalcta}}, }}, dfgf Trust
will he. our Nation will have fully entered us
sacond century | will not attempt 70 no, "a tuo
marvellous and in grelt part happy @ coILfa5ts .ts
hetween our country, as II steps over tn1
.hrashoId into its second century OF o'BahlLe l
.xiStance under the Constitution. ana tnat
Val, but wiseiy-ordcre young Natlon tuao @
'ooIxed undaunted down tbs + st centu Y, "hei'
ali its years stretched out before H. ooo,,
C,ur people will not f. : n me 70 IecaI C =
the inc. denis which accompanied the instt'u-
! On of govern nment under the CopSt!tutlqn. %
e od Inspiration a-a guidance n t-e ls-1--i--