davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11
In the Recorder 5 Office.


bKz1s RscoabKp
rs. Hay to b +. Lnng. property in Sal
isbury borouzh consideration 600.
P.S Hay 10 C. H Lung. prelsrsy in Sal
isbnry boroagh consideration $40.
Peer c. Isaars 10 John and Jere Irwin
property ia shade township consideration
SIS. 40.
William J. Weller 70 Williani NJ Brsnf
property ia Conaueaee eonsiieration s5ie
50.
William T. Koontz TO William H. Knrsz
property in coniluenee consideration si75
Phineas welaey to Margaret A. Coleman
properly in Salisbury borough; considera-
tioa SIS. #
Elizabeth Krsschman to J. \. Davis. prop
erty in Eiksiek township; consideration
Manassas Krsschuan 10 John N Davis,
property in Elklick toxnship; consideration
seee.
Harriet cstchaela 10 Mary ~ ccder,
property in Middlecreek township consid-
eraIion s2,2.5.
Cyrus B. Moore to Mary NJ. codsr, prop
ersy in Mid.lleczeek township considers
ton Ss.i75.
william J. Baer to wiIlia. l. Hoover,
properly in Summit township considera-
tion 500
Josiah \ Lint to Noah Lint, property in
Gseenville township consideration $3.50
Elizabeth werner's heirs to HeDry j. Eo-
becka, property in Meyersiale; consideration
500.
Samuel Thomas to William S. Thomas,
property in Conemaugh township consid-
Grafton 3, 100.
Isaac W. kaufman to Emma J. Blough,
property in Conemaugh township consid-
Grafton SIS.
Lavinia Boyer to Peter speicher. property
in CJnemaugh township; consideration
500.
James 3. Gather to Alfred WiImoth.
property in Southampton township; con-
sideration $3.50.
Elizabeth Dively to Catharine Wagner,
property in Salisbury borough; considsra-
ton s25
LzrrERs GRANTED.
Letters Of Administration were granted to
W. f. E., L. and H. L. c5untryman. to Ad-
minister upon the estate OF Jscnb D. Conn
tryman late Of Somerset township.
To Joseph &. Miller and Alexander Iauntz
Executors Of the estate of Franklin Launtz.
late OF Somerset township.
To John F. Hannah. Administrators Of
the estate OF William 5. Hannah late of Mil
ford township.
To William II. Swank, Administrator Of
the estate of Benjamin Stuff late of Jenner
township.
MARRIAGE LICENSES.
George W. Gross, Of Jefferson township
and Susan sumpstine ofSomerset township
Samuel NJ James and Joanna Belle Bru-
ner both Of Donegal township, Westmore-
land county.
Henry A. TressIer and Carrie A. Davis,
both of Summit township.
George B. Fair, of Jehnstoxn and Ella
y. HutzelI. Of Northampton township
B. f. Grcger and Laura sanner both Of
Lower Turkeyfoot township.
Foster Walter of Somerset and EIvy
Wolkins Of Caselman.
Thomas f. HeeleT of Adams county and
Lizzie J. Bender of Sloyestoxn.
Henry W. Bsrnhart and Susannah Seese,
both Of Ogle township.
$50 Saved on Every Ton of Johns
town Flooded Barb Wire.
Twenty thousand pounds sold in thirty
days, and every pound satisfactory. Send in
your orders Price, two cents per pound.
Jas B. HoLDERB4UM, Somerset, Pa.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11
BEnEckER & ssrDEn.
Opening of a New g. 8 Q. Branch

Commencing December 9Th, and until fur.
Iher notice, trains on the Confluence &
o1klsnd Branch Of tha B. & 0. Railroad
viii run dsily As follows:
Leave Confiaerce. II a n. Arrive al
soueriield. lI'55 a. a. Arrive at seibys-
port, u m Arrive at Manor Lands. l2sIs
p N. Lesve Manor Lands. $50 P. n. Ar
rive At seleysport, SIS p m; Arrive Al
Somerieid. $40 p. m Arrive 1t conaa-
ence. 4a5p N
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

John Witt, Esq. the venersbie surveyor
died At bis home on Patriot street at an ear
y hour Thursday morning afteF briefand
painless illness. Mr. Witt was one Of the
most widely known residents Of the county
and enjoyed the friendship and esteem Of all
the older ciiizeus.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Go to Herr Bros for your ls4T-Rogers
Bros.-Silverware including Knives. Forks,
Spoons, Fruit Knives, Butter Knives, Berry
Spoons. Napkin Rings. NufpicSers, Childrens
S-ts &c. &e-,-These goods are Triple and
QaadrupIe plated and the best in the maj
49,
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Attention Is directed 10 The christmas ad-
vertisement Of Baker q Co, Rockwood's
enierprising groce-ymea. which appears
elssnhere in these eoInmns
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Novelties in china and glass for holiday
presents at
Ed B. coFrRorH's-
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Believers in the goose-bons tell US that we
are to have an early and severe winter. Get
ready for il, ladies, by going TO NJ. N. Tred-
well { Co.. and purchasing set Of those
cheap Furs. Low As to price, bot high as to
orali+v
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11
To Many a Very Important Notice.

To Many Very Important Notice.
1 would be s1ry TO make any one costs,
but unless you call and pay what you eve
ne SOFA, shall be compelled 70 add costs
to your bin You win find either myself
o. Mr.. J. A. Berkey in eur Office in Odd Fel-
lows buiiding Up stairs. where you can peT
ys,ar note or hook account
J. &. SxrDER
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

The shelves os Ell B. Coffroth's store con-
tains hundreds Of beautiful ornaments that
are suitable for holiday presents. His store
Is the cheapest place 70 bug.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Cali at Herr Bros fp7 good time piece
all The best makes Of movements and cases
kept in stock.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Teachers viii find many handsome little
presents for their scholars at Biesee ker &
Snvaer's
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Buy yoaT California eyaporate,I fruit frcul
Aahion schroek be keeps The best-
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Fora week preceding Saturday, Novem-
Der 30th. Mr. Frederick on, living shout
three miles from Scalp Level, had been en-
tsrrasrir- man who on the Saturday men
toned robbed HIM The man gave his
name as William Meyer. lie wore a q. A.
z. badge or his vet, was about Eve feet
seven inches tai, wore mousiache and
eoafee. and bad a large scar on his right
cheek. His weight was about one hundred
aud sixty pounds. and his age probably iitv
years. He said he came from the soldiers
Home ar Dayron. Ohio.
On the day Of The ROBBERY, a5ou, o'iock
in the morning, while the woman, as Mr..
or puts il. was out milking. and be aud his
boy were oct euaning for ra5bits the man
took from the house a silver Open-iace watch,
goid-piated chain. thirty-two eliibre reyol-
yer and a pair Of shoes
Mr. OF organized chase, composed Of
thirty men, armed with guns ard revo'yers.
and they. followed the mans tEzii through
the laurel a long distance, bat he mauaged
10 reach the Ssmer=et 8 Cambria Railroad
al Dulrs station, boarded train and escap-
Cd.
A reward Of say dollars Is ossred by Mr..
ont for the mass caPsare-
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Handsome Plush Jackets At ten dollars,
worth twelve. and Plush Coats At fifteen
eighteen and twenty dollars.
Ms. A. E. Uhl.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Postmaster zuiail II Msyers.Iale. spent
Saturday al The eounty seat.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

; J. Mcdillan, Dentist ofice oser Tred-
wells store. soath Of Diamond s0merse. Pa.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

The following item is from the scranton
daily Repusi;cra Of recent issue. We have
always believed that the younger Ajax
would prove success on the lecture plat
form and are happy to note that be has en-
tered the field
"Uaited States Commissioner A. !. Co!0orn,
Jr. lsst evening addressed large andience
A. the Y. ". c. a on Night Scenes IN the
Bible Mr.. Colborn Is a fluent. fascinating
salker. and as ne devoted two years to the
study 5s theology, he bad a subject with
which he was familiar, and upon which he
dilated at considerable length, lie based his
remarks upon events which are recorded in
the new and old testaments as having takea
place at night. and from tie material thus
afforded. be drew his pictures Of grief start
Hag incidents and scenes OF joyousness
which held the undivided alteation Of the
audience until the end. Bslshszzars feast,
TIE treachery Of Absalorn 70 his father bis
tragic eeatb. the guiding star Which LED the
wise men to the finding Of Christ, and the
rolling away OF the stone from bis grave,
were among the biblical night scenes men
toned, and Afforded Mr COlborn scope for
gorgeous verbal pictures.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

',..an. resident dentist. scne-set, Pa.
.-''s q flaie work executed and salts
-aa guaranteed.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Collector Of Internal Revenue Warmcsstls
has appointed Harry Kinkaid Of Johns
town DEPUTY Collector for The distric, COM
posed Of the COUNTIES Of Somerset and Cam
BRA 70 succeed John o. Kimmel, Esq. Mr..
Kinkafd Is q stranger 10 Somerset con uty
people hut We are confident thar lie viii
make as warm friends among oar Repubii-
cans as he has al hpne.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

= VII pas yon - rsaa th.s a.isers;seulsn
Of Cook q Bepias.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

The Connelisville and Ursina Coke Com
psny viii early in the spring begin the de-
velopment Of a tract Of land Of 7,00o acres
near Ursina by the erection Of 800 addition
al ovens, making a plant Of S35 ovens. The
company has 3 vein Of ever seven feet Of
eokins coal. and has thoroughly tested il in
lis = oven plant. With his the company
has cue block wiih a vein FIVE feet thick.
In this immense tract are one thousand
acres Of limestone timber. and FIRE clay.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

WHEREAs, In the disposition Os an all
wise Providence, brother Aaron ShznkNn. N
this lodge, has been called upon to part w;rh
bis son, Bruce Shannon, who was Instantly
killed BY boiler explosion, therefore,
Resolref. We, the members Of this lodge
expires. to brother Aaron shannon and bis
sorrowing family our heartfelt sympathy
in this the time Of their bereavement
Reso5ceS. In as much as the deceased was
ere this-to have been married toa daugh-
ter OF a brother OF this lodge, that in this
humble tribase Of respect We would say 70
the bcreayed one, that though sorrowing,
she may fold a pail Of tenderest memory
Ger her lost hopes and perished love, snd
that she may go with uHfalteriug courage to
grapple with the future to strengthen the
weak, 10 comfort the weary. TO hang bright
pictures in the silent galleries Of the future.
Re-olred That the secretary record these
resolutions in the minutes Of this lodge
that copy be presented to brother shannon
and family. and that copies Be furnished the
county papers for publication.
Ike FoRQUER,
GEo- W. ASpERsox.
JOIN c. FosscYrHE,
Committee
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Ofthe seven Peansy Judges recenug
elected, six are y9nng men with The prospect
Of MANY yeas OF usefulness before them.
Jadge HemphiI, of Chester county. = AZ =
Samuel pennypacker, elected in Philadel-
phia, is Sc Gustave A Eadlich. elected in
Berks. is IS: Charles Z Rec. Of Luzerne. 5
a Calvin Reyburn, Of Armstrong, Is 81 3
Lucien W Doty, Of Westmoreland, is 81 T;
Judge Fred r. Collier. who was reelected in
Allegheny county, Is g years old
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Christmas toys, candies, fruits, nuts and
cakes at
Ed b. CoFFaorH's.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11
RasolutIons of Rasnact.

At a regular meeting Of Ursina Lodge No.
500, held last Friday evening the following
preamble and resolutions were unanimously
adopted
WHEREAS, Death having removed the wife
Of Rev. H. T. Harmed from her family cir
Gle. therefore.
Resoired, That while we recognize the
providence OF the aIl-wise ruler ofaii things,
that We deeply sympathize with our brother
Harmed and his little family Of orphaned
children in this their time efsorrow. who
have been deprived of a mothers tenderest
care.
Resoired. That while words fail TO express
our feelings of sympathy for our brother in
this his hour Of afiiiction, We can only say
that Hope is the faithful arbeier which keeps
our hearts from bursting under pressure
ofeviI- When all things fail, hope stands
by rs to the last.
Resolred, That the secretary is instructed
TO record these resolutions or the minutes
Of this lodge that copy be presented to
Rev Harmed, and that they be furnished
the county papers for publication.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

G. y Boyd, who was very popular both
as adr1gsist and citizen or Somsret dnring
The Ten years ofhis residence here, wss mar
ried to Miss Agnes. eldest daughter OF Rev.
J. N. Barnett, at Washington, Pa, On Dec.
Sih The HERsLB sends is congratulations
to tie happy conple who viii MAKE their
home at Bntler, Pa.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Everybody wishes he were rich just before
the holiday season for no pleasure is com
Paraale 70 that of making presents. L Is not
Necessary to Be rich when you buy from
Biesecker & sayder. They have thousand
useful articles suitable fo- all yoar friends
and at prices within the reach Of ALL
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

.p.,...s.r s snyder. for Christina.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

The stoyestown order of Old Fellows.
gho suffered the loss Of their lodge room
auifuraitGre IN the recent FIRE which visited
that town, viii bold festival during the
holidays C. W. Pugh, Mn Brubaser and
L. 7 Zimmerman are the committee who
viii haEe ehanse Of al The arraneenlene.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

-l' hrst account Or y. Herbert Hostetter
--l.sir2ior o. the estate Dr. David Hos
p he vel known manufacture. who
over year ago, was 1led IN Pittsburg
-llrsiay. The personal estate amount
. { oAbi5 .3e2 "a. and there Is now IN The
p ot The administrator sS-7s6 30s. 46 for
.'liion among the widow and he thres
i'sa q the deceased The adminis;ra-
-'s airesdy distributed saes 600 70 each
- children and large sum to Mrs Hos
- nazing total disiribGtioa up 10 the
Se'i u sl.s6.0oo There Is no statement
so' lae real properly Owned By the de-
= and such viii not be made except in
4 ''eee-iagin partition. This amounts
~'e'ai million dollars more.
Z 'aia there j. good reason for believing
4 - cary assumption Of work on the
= Penn R r. Whether this be true or
acre : esEiainly good reason for the
r eails az II. u. Tredwell & Cos.
4 =, and looking over theirinmeusestock
'-''i'eiy. EveFthing Of the newest, latest
''s iashionab!e in shape shade and
',e-e 70 5e seen. Besides We display
bas'ies. Hose, Gloves. Kerchiefs,
= tci-, Iaces, Embsosdsries. Trim
i-as, zephyE, Enb-eidery. silks.
- 5oods. Pocket Books. Bags. Brush
s Periumery, &c. &c. Large lot
- specially for ladies wear. Dress
''-sai IN fan working order. Oar
s Al new and fresh, and cur
WE take pleasure in sbowiag
'-iaash oar stoek.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

While attending court and institute, don't
fail to cali at w. H. Plati's for the best and
largest stew OF oysters
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

$50 Saved on Every Ton of Johns
town Flooded Barb Wire.

Twenty thousand pounds sold in thirty
days, and every pound satisfactory. Send in
your orders Price, two cents per pound.
Jas 3. HoLDEKBauM, Somerset, Pa.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

v.-.s the Lsading Druggist, for
~. vasieines.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

-. AZ II. ". IHst" - y . >
....- laie bu, coon hunting is sfill
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

Hiis. sad Furs, viii pay the highest
'a F-ce f1r ali kinds Of hides. Pelts and
Is Ia-so want 500 cords Of Rock Oak ard
.uce Bark. 100 cords wanted al once.
y on me AZ my residence, immedi-
!. \ -. =. - q /. = c..-
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1889-12-11

80 very duh. said the ice man.
's r.v liketo see 'em," said the
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1889-06-28

Keep the melon hills clean until they
run over the ground.
Squash seed aud string beans should be
planted without delay
Keep the cous Oh the pasture Just after
a rain II the ground Is soft.
Plant some sweet corn again for late
crop. Il will grow rapidly at this season.
Try a small patel OF white beans for a
winter supply. They require less labor
thanscorn.
Cut straw makes better bedding for
stock than long material. and IL moro suit
able for the manurc heap.
Tho beols aud tarrols will now crowd
out the weeds IN the rows, but the ground
bolwc cen the rows should be kept clean.
This il excellent weather for picking
geese. II the WOO on the sheep Is long,
Il will give them comfort TO shear them.
Egrs from hens not In company with
males will keep two " three times rs long
as will those IRON hens that are With
males.
Tho ox-eyod daisy will ovcrrun the
clover fields unless cXtirpaicd, aud Il may
be necessary 10 ~ over the field and pull
them out by hand.
Take advantage Of the warm season aud
feed very little grain, stock require sue
culent food NJ this season, and grain IA
sometimes detrimental.
Here Is the way one writer states the
garden question: A good garden Is ALSO.
Iutcly necessary 10 the setting Of a good
table, and good table Is one Of the essen.
tials Of happy home.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1889-06-28
THE DAY AT JoHNsTowN.
Work Being Rapidly Pushed-Citizens
Want the Military to Remain.

Work Being Rapidly Pushed-Citizons
Want the Military to Remain.
YOUNGSTOWN. Pa, June 27.-The trans
portation department was closed today
and for time no passes over any railroad
will DO issued from here. The local
Finance Committee met this afternoon. A
telegram was received from Gov. Beaver
approving the committees suggestions for
the houses. The Governor Is willing for
the master carpenterto 90 ahead and build
temporary houses out Of the lumber
shipped instead Of ordering any more OF
the Chicago portable houses.
Five bodies were found today, two oil
whom were identified.
Notwithstanding the rain this afternoon,
work was pushed forward rapidly. Every
effort is being made TO get the bulk Of the
militia away from here by Sunday. Many
OF the more conservative citizens are APP
prehensiye tina. the contemplated depart
uro OF the soldiers will be dangerou,
move. They are fearful that an abandon
ment OF the military restaurants will en-
courage lawlessness, rs there are certainly
many questionable characters now her,
waiting an opportunity 10 pillage and
steal. The civil authorities are fearful thai
they have not sufficiently recovered from
their pafalyzaiion 10 assume control unde
| the circumstances.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1889-06-28
LEGITIME'S CHANCES FEW
HYPPoLITE STEADILY ADvANc ICING
ON PoRT-Au-PRINCE.
His Army Is 10000 Stronger Than His
Adversary's and Also Much Better
Equipped = Legitime the Victim OF
Misplaced Confidence.

New York, June 27.-Among the pas
sengers on the steamship Prince Wilhelm,
which arrived at this port Wednesday
from Hayti, was Mr.. G. b. Nilsson, resi-
dent OF this city, who, four months ago,
went to Hayti to enter the employ OF Legi-
time in the capacity OF an engineer on
board OF man-of-war. In speaking OF
the affair today he said that he returned
because he found the situation there too
warm for him. Legitime stood little
chance against Hippolyte, whose army
was well equipped and numbered some
10, 600 stronger than Legitime. Mr.. Nil
son considered II question Of only few
days when news would DO received
stating that Hippolyte had entered Port
au-Prince.
When he left Hyppolite's troops were
within four miles OF Port-au- Prince by
land and fourteen by sea. He said the
reason for Hyppolite not rushing on Port
au- Prince Immediately was because he was
awaiting for the signal OF his friends in the
city. The reason why Legitme's troops
are so demoralized Mr.. Nilsson thought,
arose from the fact that the former COM
mander-in-chief, Gen. Piquant, evacuated
Grand Saline for the consideration OF $780,
600, and then, through the aid OF the
| French Consul at Port-au-Prince, sue
ceeded in leaving the island with the
money. Another reason was that three
Ministers OF War had held sway within as
many months and one OF these, Gen.
| Ansl Prophet. appropriated $3.50 600 OF the
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1889-06-28
CHINESE IMMIGRATION.

Secretary Window win Not Allow Them
to Gross the Country.
wAsnINoToS, June 27.-somo time ago
the Treasury Department was informed
that II was desired 10 take a number OF
Chinese laborcrs to the West Indies. and
application was made for permission TO
take them through the United States ter.
rilory In transit, provided bond was given
that none OF them vVuld remain In ~
country. The matte was referred TO re
Solicitor Of the Treasurer, aud he gave an
opinion that there was nothing In the law
to prohibit the landing Of Chinese for the
mere purpose Of passing through the
country. Secretary Window, however,
was not prepared TO change existing regu-
lalions 10 this extent, and directed rcicc-
ton Of the application until the question
could be considered more thoroughly. No
further action on the subject Is at all
likely, however, a. II Is understood that
arrangements have been since made with
Canadian transportation companies by
which the Chinese will be taken across the
continent without the necessity OF enter
ing the United States territory.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1889-06-28
orn XIV YORK oFFIcR
COTTON"

Receipts today were II bales, against ~
bales same day last season. The local market
remains quiet; very dull-will probably de-
scribe its present condition better. Receipts
thus far this season are 7O15I0 bales, and
shipments TOS,iO7 bales the stock ON
hand unsold being under 1000 bales. Spot
cotton closed steady NJ New Orleans and firm
at New York aud Liverpool. Futures nd
yanocd point at Liverpool; advanced 10 3
points at New Orleans, and advanced 20 II
points In New York ON near positions and
APPOINTS ON new crop months. New York
>erular states that crop adNiccs continue
favorable, aud the strength OF tho distant
positions Is due 10 the continued buying for
foreign account against salcs Of full ship
mcnis 10 European spinncrs. Any further
advance will depend upon the action Of the
Manchester splnncrs In making purchases In
excess " their actual needs.