The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1889-07-25

remembering that misfortune to one
| means disaster to the 7other-so-let our
watchword be, con earth peace, good viii
to men,"
CLIFTON KIRKPATRICK.
Cahaba, Ala.
THE SOUTH POLE.
What we Know about the Southern End of
the Earth.
The golden age of Antarctic discovery
arrived when captain, afterwards Sir
Jarnss Ross was dispatched irom England
| in 1910 to fix the position of the South
| magnetic pole, and any other position
he could discover on the way there.
Before Ross could reach the scene of his
labors other explorers, English, French
and American, were busy forestalling
him.
OF these the first was the EDglishman,
Balleny, who, sailing in Enderby's ship,
the Eliza Scott, discovered in 1889 the
| islands which bear his name, and which
lie almost under the Antartic circle, ard
almost due south from New Zealand.
Balleny could not land on tie islands,
| but he made sure of their existence, ard
afterward, sailing far as to the westward,
he saw many more signs of land, ard
| suspected the existence of much which
he could certainly Vouch for. What
Balleny thought he saw was probably
much what the French expedition undor
Dumont d. Urville actually did see in
the following year, several long lines of
coast which might be Joined to enc
another and might even run on to join
Euderby land in the West, and if so
! might certainly be parts of the Antartic
| continent that d. Urville was anxious to
6nd.
Not less anxious was Wilkes, the
leader of the United States exploring
expedition, who, only month after tho
Frenchman, arrived within degree OF
two of the Antartic circle, to the South
of New Zealand, and after seeing land
where Balleny had certainly seen it be.
fore began to fancy that he saw it also
where none had seen it before, and, un.
fortunately, where no one has seen it
since. For some days, indeed, Wilkes
doubted whether what he beheld were
mountains or cloudy objects which bis
crew watched, eagerly, to see if with the
setting of the sun they would change
their color. But after running westward
along the edge of the pack for a few days
he made sure that he now saw land, and
somewhat inconsequently assumed it for
certain that what he had seen before was
land also.
The discovery an Antarctic continent
was announced as 3 certainty; very
large land, with barrier of ice before
it and range ofmountains upon it, was
laid down on the map, and copy of the
map was handed by the rash, but gener.
GUS, explorer to Ross, who left Tasmania
in the autumn of the same year to look
for the magnetic pole, with the two ships
Erebus and Terror, which afterward bore
Sir John Frcaklin to his fate at the
other epi of the world. Ross had so little
doubt that the Antarctic continent was
discovered already that he seems to have
been almost disappointed when his way se
the magnetic pole was barred by an I'm
known land. Yet this land, which lay
South ofthe seventieth parallel and east
ward of Balleny's Islands, was the most
southerly hitherto seen in the world, and
on it rose mountains thousands of feet
high, plain and mountain alike robed in
stainless snow, except on the cliffs by the
shore, where the black rock came
out.
The coast ran almost due North and
South, and along its eastern face RoHE
advanced steadily till he had beaten
Cooks record and also Weddell's, and
| gone further South than any before him
But he could find no landing place on the
mainland, so choked was every inle
with snow and ice; only small islane
were the adventures able to touch Ant
artic earth, few men among thousard'
ofscreaming and biting penguins. Fresf
| mountains came constantly into view a
they moved southwark: at last, one il
latitude 77o, over which what seemed
q cloud of snow was blowing; but wher
they came nearer they saw that the CLOUD
was smoke, and gave the name of Nom
; Erebus to giant volcano higher thar
Etna, which belches forth smoke and hr
in land where all things are frozen.
Before Mount Erebus lies Cape Croziel
and round Crozier, Ross hoped to fin
; q way to the westward, so as to reach tn
magnetic pole by the back Of the ne,
land he had found. But as they ap
preached they saw stretching from Cap
Crozier "as far as the eye could discern
to the eastward" Glow white line" tn
nature of which they did not understan
till they came close enough to see tn
truth with their eyes. Itwas a wall o
ice hundred and fifty feet high, withou
break or slope, but one glittering, pei
pendicular steep, through which, as Ros
said, one might as easily pass as throug
the cliffs of Dover. Along this gleamin
rampant Ross ran eastward for $50 miles
and in the succeeding year, 1S42, fe
200 more without coming to its end, o
both of which occasions he reached th
high latitude of 7S0 south, which hs
never since been approached by an
man.
You Know Not Your Fate.