davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28

Sur S9ulfrage. Cine inteteiIant
SerlammlunS BAT nortebten S0s1ntaa A.
6 [eoelanb in Obio fatteefnnoen
Sc gait arOtsif segen baB 8oree9el
Der StaatsbebDroen bon NaGaduIettl
gu etbebenI tpelae eine fatboliiGe Sdui,
in 5 ooerbill esi4ls6sn uno oi
gltern lolAer Sdultiuoer, tpelhe ben.
nod al bem ;.1nterridt In Der tatboli
i&en SdnIe tbe;Inobmen, perbaitet bat
ten.
s. GoitelIo, Der 8rdliosnt Der fatb
Gentral. .a6ociatiDn, riei Inn 4 llbr BIZ
8erIammluns sur Orbnung, uno mad
@rleoisuns BON 8ereinsgeidditen BE:
riatete 9err @. q. Yfaunius in Ser.
tretunS eines am lettea Sonntaa er.
nannten &eiplutipnSausidufes eint
&eibe auf bic 9aoerbia Shulfraos BE-.
sigli9er 8eidlliie, IN tpelGen Dan &a,
ttplttsn- bon 9aoerbia mitsetbeilt wiro,
ba6 Gaulence bier lebenee 8atbpIiter
nit ihnen 'pmpatbiFrsn, uab aesen olt
8eipaltmabregel, CT 8sbbrbe bon Nal
lahuIett8 protelfiren.
9err Mannins belt sur 8eerlnouna
Der 8prlase cine 4nreoe ur1o eab su Be-
beuteu, mas bsute in NafahuIetts se.
iGeben, iDGne ntoreen in Sbip pieoer,
bolt iuerben mo es Tel nDtbis In Der gln.
aeIesenbeit cine niGt mibsuperitebenoe
Stelluns ~ nebmer, un bic @elui6sns
freiheit su pertbeioiSen.
9pdu. 8iibpf sc. @ilmpu1
tpuroe oann bonn Yrdltbenten Der Ser
iamalluag purssitslIt unb BON ben @n.
tpeieroen nit Su5el besrnbt. St er.
tlGrte, ndcb benz Berift oes .Glepelanb
Gnseiser', oaB er bic GbFcbt babe, Die
9alliruns Der perIeienen 8si1Iiiie Su
bsfiirprrten. @r babe am lstten Spnn,
tag Dor Der NGoeiatipa einige 8emerf
lingen iiter bic Gpssdnse IN Mafadu.
letes eenladt, Die am ndhifsn Mtpggen
reTbfeniliGt uno 10 our 2enntni6 sines
srDBeren 8ublicums setpmmen ieien,
ober anselidts Der Stslung, tpeIhe bic
Sbalbeboroe bon SaperblG einnetme
umo anseii6ts Der sroBersn 9etbeiIiguus
an Der 0etiummlung, tpsroe er elnise
ieiner 8etra4tuueen ipieoerbolen. Der
Siidpf bdlt osn Sas fiir einsn Der
tuertbopafen 9uncte Der ensliI4en
Magma CdrtG, we.he bem 2Daia ab.
9erunsen murbe unb Der oa beist
1N ein 9aus III meine 8mrg.
Binb uno @etter nl6ssn ba eirbrinsen,
aber niht Der 8bnis."
gillr in seIebmdBiser 6orm babe eli,
8eamter bas &e4t. IN Die ~8urs" eines
Burgers ein5uorinsen imo spar nun aui
besrinbeten geroa4t BIN, naB bort Elm
Tersehen reriibt Doer Elm 8erbrehen
perbprsen iei, unb bic Natir bes 8er=
Saats mii1e IN Dem 8erbaftbeiebl per=
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28
GbeI6eioungen In Nmerifa.

Arbeils @ommfdr Der Ser. Staatr,,
DIR. sS rie 3 bat benz GonsrsB iei=
men ifatiittihen It 9eriA iiber
Gbe'hliebumgen lmo gbsideipunsen in
ben Ssr. Stadten aus ben stpanslg SAB
rem bon 1867 bis 1886 einIhl.e6lih
iberrei1t. Die 6sirntbs Gtatifit nm.
faBt rur Sc 9rocent oosr susi Orittel
Der Selam:sabl Der Counties I'M sdnsen
Sance, weil In ben iibrisen, ntHt in
Betrabt ee3osenen Counties feline Oct
rotbsresifsr ssflbrt wsroen. Oageseu
1t Die gteibe,ounasffat,fttt ,ienlit pOll
itdnois uno 6esreiit 96 Eroesut aIer
@ountieS uno mebr als SO procen. Der
Seiamtbeublfsrllns In iid.
Die 8abl Der gbeideioungen bet.ua
i'm SABRE 1867 ,937; 1868 To-.
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28
S1ahenanllern irnh sreimnnrerthnn

Qobenaollern nnb 6reimanrtrtbnm.
prins 6rtebrid 9eDpoIb bon
YreuBsn, Der Spbn bes retffprbene1
SelemarIdols 9rinaen 5riebrib &arl,
miro oeHnd@it II, cen Sreimaurerbumo
etntreten. Sic vliberalen" beutlhen
8ldtter be9rii6en oie6 tommenoe Greies
nib NIT elmer 8eirieoisuna, bic Inn 70
mebr beBreifli6 eriheint, aIs befannt.
lt6 aIsbalc na@ oem &esisumssantritt
Sailer 0iIbelm ms II. bon conieroa.
tipen 8idtter NIT er6Bter 8eitlmmt5eit
gernsioet tpuroe, saB oerlelte rpa Der
Srelmaurerei nidtS pi6eu tppGe. Spd
ter 1T bann aue,oinas Elm gn6bises Nnt-
nDrtH4rciben ees Saiiers oul bic Sul-
oiSunss Runogebuns Der 9rge berihtet
tporoen. Der @intritt beS PtirBsn fam
ielbfoerifdublib uiht ptns Die Ginp!I
lieuns oeS rCgierenoen &6niss erfolgen
Wau braldt aber oara,tS ridt npt5men.
big Die S&habfolserlms gu 3ietsn, baB
bic geoaaten Mitteeilungeu Der confer.
patipen 8Idtter iiter bic per55nliA e
SteIIung bes Gailers sur sreimaure.ei
llnrtbtige ieien. Sie oiiic,Dian Be,iebs
rrgen oon Wtiteliesem oes 8Dnisebau,
ies sur 0ose t6nnen aud cine anoere
&eoeutung baben: bic, nit &iidtht auf
ben erpben Giufu6 oes 8mbes In allen
8petgen beS StaatSlebens, inSbeipnoere
tn oeu boben 8eaA,tentbum, in s Il 3 l.
MnG nit oent 8itfen oeHelbsn fidb su
ertaItet, tpsm man nil, cine eeipife
u neberwadMng beHetben ons;us
iiben. SIM Gaaemeinen iptrb man alIer.
oingS Die 8ugstDngteit BON @rin3en oes
tbni8Ii3m SGuIes CUR 2pse oils Elm
Sisier m6&tissn @tnritti,ns sema@.
tes 3uge tdnbnib ;u bstradtsn
tabeu.
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28

listen 5tedten Deines Gtubles. ionberr
eleldfaGS Die niddtisiea unb rubm,
re,hIten Wscnarden +; barlnter tbat iid
Sc. Wtaieifdt Der Sultan, nnier erba.
bener 0errider> NIT elmer tDunbsrId5-
men 8abe berbOr. g8ie ndbren in uus
ote 0offnung bab Der Bel Deinem gu.
blldum begonnene 8etteifer itets tuad=
len m0se, Biz Oeine 0eiltgteit ibre ae
beil'etsn &edte tuieber erIangt uno ie
ner 3wiit elm gnbe nirn1t, ben icbon
iett langsr 3eit islbff StaIiens ssreunoe
beoauern. @on folden Gmpfinbunaen
bs'eelt, tperFen mir uns, 3. 8ater, am
SSaBe oes Dberbirtliden T6rones Dei.
iler 0eiIiafeit nieOer unb erHeben In tief
iter @brfurdt mto Denlutb ben apoifo.
lllden SeSen.
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28

Die Gentennialfeier Der George,
towHer llniperlitdt 1T 0aIt:natpu
fano le6te g8obe itatt. 0ennaleid
oiele Stuoieuanltalt erlt inn Sabre l7S9
sesrilncet trIroe, 10 rciden oeren Mn.
fanse Nr9 in cine eisl friibere 3sit su.
rid. @ls p. 9Dulton anno 1858 ats
WiiRpl&oberer Der @eieaihait Seiu in
WotpIaub nS6 oen Ser. etaaten tam,
bei9lr6 er bereits Die GrriGtune elmer
tatb. 2etranitaIt innsrbalb iaines 9S:F,Is
I'OnsaebisteS umo ertislt bam b;} @s.
nebnaBunB ic!ner Oberen. 1746 er.
bRnete Gle Sei,iteussIsuih0ft su 9os
bemta 0fana cine Sdule, unS Dor
tuilOcrt Satren baS 6eureetc!pn Sol
leSe Der @Dnereb 11entte SemSelben
l. S. 1888 9ano I'm gSertte bon
$4,000. 8iele 8ii&bie uno 9rieifer,
iDtuie Mdnner Der 9SiFerihaft uaren
ebenlaIiSe 3b5Lhge Der anfaIt. gu
Der Saeclllalidlubfeier om por;een
Sreitase totte ii@ II. u. aud 8rdfi.
b bent @ienelano b eirsefuuoen. sssn
esner anipra&e, nah 8erIeIung Der
peridiecenen @brenpromDtionen, i&il.
oerte er IN tparnempflnbenen gSprten
Die @efiible Oerer, tpelhe ebeoem 2bs.
hinge oieler alma mater esipeien fino.
"Gin @eoanfe," ipras GlepsIanb,
0oer pie i& onnebme, ietnGrtheben Dem
behreH 8srtrailensamte reroantt, tpel.
DIES ID fir Sas ameritaniiGe Bolt iber.
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28
Sur g6miIdlen syrooe.

Sur NumVWen Syr1ge. Ser epes
maIige @aribaloianer 5assari, Der
fih betanntlid bic GusiDbnun9 hes neuei,
Stalien NIT Dem Yapittbum sur Mlisabe
9elnabt bat, Fat iib mmmebr, lal,t
.Sblu. goltsSs.', cntIalolien, on Die
Ourdiilbrlms ieines bieBbesii9liden
9rp9rammS 0ano ansuleset. Sn einent
-S9reiben an Die itatietiii6e 8iih5fe
tpeiSt er ouf bic tnterl,atipnale 8eoeu,
tlms Der GerIDbmlnssfrags BIN uno bdlt
Die aiiniti9e glufnabme feines @ebans
fens, ipipie .,bie Dfenllide Grmutbisung
gum Musbarren, Die ibm itnldngit bon
bpber STEELE Sutbeil getpprben", fir cine
Auffproerlms sur Geripirt(ihuns ieineS
Seri6bmtn9Splmes. Sn Rom iei be
reits Elm 9auptauSiaub 1T Der 8iloung
begriffel, ipel6er beabiihtise, nit I'm
teritittlmg tleinerer glusidii1e in ben
Brppinsen Bel ben ndditen pplitiihen
98nblen oieieni9en ais Ganoioaten fiir
ba8 &b9eoronetenballs gu iInteritiitelL
tuel&e Die 8eriDbnung at ibrem 8rp=
9ramm MAIDEN tperoen. Die 8ii6Dfe
inb4ten ibm nun biejenisen 9erlpnen
aus i9rer Oi5cele nanbaft MAIDEN, Die
emtpeber fir Die Nbseproneten.G .Gnnoioas
tllr DOer fiir Die 8ilouns Der Ortsaus.
l9ilile am ueiiten seeiSnet 1eien. o@em
Der 8ecante Der &eriD9nung, tpelber,
ipeit entfernt, nit Dem iebisen 8eltanoe
StaItenS mpertrdslidb su iein int @e=
9entbeil oaSu beitimmt lit, Die @rimo=
laeen ieiner @inbeit gu hefeftisen, in Der
Sammer eelebli6e Gertreter ba6en
miro in bem @erbdltniB Su Der grpben
.3abl BON Gbnnern, tpelAe iie bereits
I'M San5en 9anoe beiibt, 10 tpiro ali@
stpeifeISobne jeoe Ghpieri5feit, iie su
peripirtli9en i6winpen. unb balm
tpir6 ba5 Oberbaupt Der &ircbe ouA
aISbalo oos erlangen, mas es fit nptb=
tpenoig eraG5tet Sur poqen uno rllbn,rei= |
den Siibrung feine5 erbabenen glmtes. |
Stalien >birb nit bem @nbe bes 3piites
5WiIden Stride uno Staat au9 balo Die
WtprgeluDt9e ieiner 8oblfabrt uno 1ei=
ner tpnhrcn 8rDBe be9riiben fDnnen."
Sislang bdtten Die Satbpliten aus 3ped= |
mdBi9feitsariinoen pas SeIo Der 9olitif
elmer 95artei tiberlaiien, bamit oiez
jenigen enttduIdt piiroen, Die blp6 BON
bieier ale @obltbaten bes Sprtl6rittes
imb Der @eltttung erbofften. 9lter Die
9egenrodrtige politiide Sage Stalien's'
Die 9rpBe tpirtbidaftlide ytotb lieBen
nunmebr feinen 3peifel mebr ilbrig,
ba6 beim @eiter9eben auf bielent @e9e
Die ollgemeine llnsufrieoenbeit MIR int
mer iicb perialimntern tplrbe. I'm in
bieier Sadlage Abbtlfe gu i4affen, iei
Die bloBe Nbtpedslllns ppn gerlonen
an Der Spite Der 9tegieruus bur9ass
nrblDS. MtDdten bieie au9 bon ben
beIten &bii4ten beieelt fein, 10 ipiiroen
iie bod ftets obnnddtis iein, ben poli.
ttiaen Sertpirrlnsen absubelfen. SIS
tperoe mlr beHer tperoen, tpenn bic gBdbs
Ter IbSeprbnete in bic &atnmer entien=
beten> tpel@e bic 8eri6bnuns tuDaen.
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28
S9retben Der armenii@en 8iiA5fe

S9retbeH Der armenii@en 8iIM5fe
nnD Yli.iter an GeoXIIL. 6eiliaifer
gater! Wdbreno Der gane fattoIi1He
Grotreis iih etnmftbig tpie Elm Mann
erbebt, Inn fiir Die &ehte bes Mpoifcl;.
iden StubIes ein;utreten, tpdbrenb In
allen 2dnbern bic an @tanb uno 8arbe
anseiebenifen perI5nlihtsiten sablreide
8erfammlursen atbalten, I'M bic pole
Sreibeit unb 1nabbdnsisteit bes r0mi:
ihen Oberprieifers gu foroern, tpelcbe
allen 0bItern In beroprrasenber Weiie
am 6ersen liest uno gum pabren &ubm
uno Slid StalienS gang beoeutenb bei.
trasen tpiro - fDnnten mir ba, bsilieer
Batter, In Shqiaweisen nerbarren uno
uniere Stimmen nidbt NIT ben Stim.
men Der gansen Samilie Der tatboltlhen
Rirde nsreinisen? Sa, betliser gas
ter, unier Spiltopat, isin &lerus uno
ieiH 8o!t, iie perbinbsn iidb ale eins
trdbtis uno nereinieen lire Stimme
init oerjentsen Der iibrisen @0lter, I'M
cine geredte 25iung ber &6mii9en
Stage unter Wisosrbetifeaun9 BET p5Qi
gen lluabbdagisteit oss Stublss bes 5.
Petrlls 3u berlangen.
Dieie l1nabtdnsiSfeit, tpel&e notb.
tpenoisermeiie fitr bic freis Mustibung
Deiner seifliden autprttdt, fdr bic aQs
eemeine 0erridaft unb bobe y8aroe
oes Rei4es @ottes auf groen nerlangt
miro, oieie 11nabbdnsisfeit lisgt, inebr
nod ais Den 9irhen oes @elfens, ben
air1en Ses Ditsns am 0eBen. Dieie
Rirhen In Der Tbat, ihDa in alter Belt
our4 8tfsnidaft, 9usenbsn burd
OG5 8lut elmer una6ieb6arsr, &eibe bon
Marlbrern 9silisen UNI airdenlebr.
ern beriibmt, f6nnsn nitt tpieoer All
ibrem eriten @Lans eslanse1, penn fie
aibt Die eifrige luterftiibuns Deiner
opoi1olii9en Autoritdt In osren bDatg
freier uao unabbtn9iSer 4usiibun9 be.
iissn.
Osipobl un'ere 6eimatb einen Sbeil
oe5 Dttomaiiden 9siAes ausma4t, ae
nis6sn oeI,nc9 bant benz g8o5Ipoaen
Der 8esierllng uno ben peilen Qnoros
uuasen suieeerbolter faiisrliGer Qatti-
0amaiun bic Yatriarden uno 9iltDIe
p0QiSe Sreibeit IN Der Nusiibun8 ibres
0irtenamtes, ia iogar tssroen fie tpie
be grfsn bes States sesbrt. 35nas
ten mir odbet is ouloen, oa5 Der Na4-
iolser gttri oas erbabene Oberbaupt,
uelhem ole Sorgs flir ale 2lr4sn Der
Bslt slfsbt, Der ibm fAuloisen poaen
lino unuertiir3ten Sreibeit une lnabs
bdngiStsit beraubt III? gtein! beiliaer
Batter. netn, aerpiB nidt! unS oarum
1T es unlsr alet beiBelter @unI1, oaB
oer Nomiiden Srase eine ibneas uao
serents 96luns seseben tpsrDe. gtt
cisler Grase bangen enge suiammea
niht MIR o,e Sntsrefen Der &lrhe, ion=
oern ouh oieisnissn Der blirgerltaen
8eieqlhaft. Hisnals tonuen oie 5tla=
ten bic VrliHts esnes oauernoen Scieoeus
genisGen. ebe Die anpsrfir,baren &:4ie
oes 5fatttaltes Gbiii interchangeable
iino.
9ewest tuie BON einem beilisen ans
triebe tpetteissrten bei bent gintrttt Del.
nes HIiefsr. Subilduns niht rnir ale
86ller in Der oulpiglng Dor ben 8ebeis
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28

perbleibt iDmit Elm Il eb eriduB BON
"a, 1876. .06, aus bem jebp6 mod ner=
i9ieoene &ednltnsen gu besleiden iinS.
Inter ben Iuseabepoiten befinoen ii9
81 ,4l1.99 fir @iienbabn= ,lno Dam=
pfer=8iate, fptpie Darleben fir Gin=
tpanoerinen; $453.18 fir 8eberbers=
Jung bon Mtdoden, Die int Miiitpnsballle
ni9t mebr ltnter9ebradt tperoen fpnnten;
S234.50 fiir Depeiden lnb anbere 8pts
idaften an GnsebDrise Der Gtntpanoeri=
men; ST. >962.50 3tnien Der auf bent
Wtllipnsbailfe laifenoen 9bpptbet.
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28
"LET THEM LEARN ENG

"LET THEM LEARN ENG
LISH''. Sn Der .9aortbpeitern G6rp=
nic(e' fommt Elm Gtnienoer auf bic int
.Wanoerer' bonn 10. Sanuar eri9iene=
nengorreiponoen3 "LettItena learn Bng-
hsh" 3uriid. Seine Oarfeauns lit
ouraaas u ntp at + unb l1nlp gif d.
Wtr baben bas in elmer ienem @atte
iofort suseifeaten Gnttport nadsetpieIen.
8iro bas 8latt einfa9 biel e mfere
Inttport benz ginseianbt eegeniberifel=
len 10 ipersen feline 9eier @eesenbeit
baben, ii4 ielbit Elm l1rtbeil gu biloen.
lleber Die beleioieenbe @robbeit bes
gtnlenSers baben mir fein @ort ,u bere
lieren.
Der wanderer. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1867-1957, 1889-02-28
SentIme eSeImiteit

9eutibe Seiniten. Die 81. gr.
3ts.' itellt Die DfficielIen Mngaben oes
neuelten &ataloes Der voeuti6enOroenss
probing oer @eieaidaft Selu"> tpel9er
ben Status pum 81. December bes DDs
tigen Sabres auffiibrt, uno bic Nngaben
bonn Sabre 1872, tpo Die Seluiten per=
trieben tprrcen 5ulammen. Das Sacit
1T fplserbes
Ratres: Sdolaitifer: 0aienbrii6er:
(Stubirenbe)
Sebt: 4'3 2l2 327
1872: 372 100 2o2
Die 3abl Der SeIuiten belduft fid allo
sesentpdrtis auf 1912 tp6breno iie
1872 nar 7e4 betrls Oemna6 lit
bic 3abl Der Seiuiten 6elltider Station
lett Der Iustreibuns berielben um 1O1
Brielter, % S9plaititer uno 1875
Saienbriioer, 3uiarnmen nm 24s sez
tpa6ien. Grtpdbnt lei rod, baB geeen=
tpdrtis 444 Oeutide Seluiten in ben
auber6eutiden Miiiionsn tbdtig iino>
ndn,li4 246 8atres, AZ Sdolaifiter
uno 156 2aienbriiber. Die relatipe
3unabme Der beutiden Orbenspropins
IN ben letten 16 Sabren iit grDBer, ais
aberbaupt ieit oem 8eiteben bes SeIui=
ten=Sroens. 11nb bas troe 8erbaunung
llnS Gerfolsllns.
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

morefrequent application than pine land.
The steam pump used is the Hall pat
tern. 1t is peculiarly adapted to irrigat
ing on account of its simplicity, having
only fifteen parts; no valve to get out of
order, rust stick or be interferred with by
meddlesome people. Any farm laborer
can be taught it in few minutes, much
quicker than the management of the
boiler. The valves are moved by the
same steam that moves the pistons. My
engineer is boy of seventeen years of
age, taught him in few lessons to
manage the whole plant. He can take
apart and set up the pump in a few min
utes. JAMES FRANKLIN.
Monteverde, Lake Co., Fla
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

pipes of large size, as they are much
cheaper than many small pipes; not only
expense of pipes, including cost, freight
and labor, but in the power to force
given quantity Of water through them.
The loss by friction in small pipes is such
that the power must be enormously in
creased. AS a preliminary to installing
my plant, made series of experiments
to ascertain the quantity of water and fire.
quency of application to put the land in
proper condition. This was done during
the drouth of 1888, by use of a windmill,
tank, hose and automatic sprinkler.
/ also made experiments with methods
of flooding the land, bitches etc., but
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

twice the quantity of fruits, vegetables
and root crops could be produced yearly.
We all know what promises of a bounti-
full yield every bearing tree or vine gives
in The spring, and also how often these
promises are broken, and that much of
the young fruit falls off because the foun-
tains OF mother earth dry up. We all
know that no end to vegetables and
sweet potatoes must be left implanted for
lack of moisture in the soil at planting
time. The planter scans the cloudless
sky and sighs; he wishes he could take
his parched plat in his hands like
flower pot and hold it under water until
it was soaked through; he wishes he
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

on the garden as itcontains square inches
of surface If it's area is quarter of an
acre, then the water that fell upon it
would, if measured, foot up BITS gal
loDs-enough to fill ten wells, 3x3, ten
feet in depth. An inch of water is suffi-
cient for one watering on moderately dry
SOIL but hardly half enough for very dry,
sandy soil. 1t is plain, therefore, that d
bountiful supply of water is of first i'm
portance in irrigation. And there is the
rub; for when irrigation is to be prac-
ticed the homesteads should be chosen
with a view thereto, as a miller chooses q
site for his water mill. For by far the
cheapest way to irrigate is, when it can
be done, by collecting and keeping the
water in huge storage reserv oirs, formed
by daming up streams or outlets of lakes,
whence the water can be led at will, by
means of gates and canals, to fields on
a lower level Yet little of this could be
done in Florida by individuals. Theland
being so fiat, the stream channels are
only a little below the general level, and
to obtain water supply for more extern
sive irrigation it would be necessary to
flood immense areas OF land, whereby a
vast deal of timber and grazing would be
destroyed. To keep the water from es-
Gaping through other water courses,
much leveling must bedone. Much water
would be lost by filtration through the
permeable soil, and much, also, through
evaporation. By damming up lake,
water would be backed up it's tributaries;
by tapping a lake in dry weather, the re-
manning shallow water would becomehot
and stagnant, and kill the fish. If back
water irrigation be even practiced hereat
all on a large scale, it will be by associa-
tions, who will buy all the land inundate
and i'll connection with swamp land i'm
provement, provided the health authori-
ties would allow it.
Still, many man is SO located with
reference to small water course, that
he could, without harming anybody, by
means of dam, raise the water SO high
that it could be conveyed by fumes or
bitches into cistern in the field, from
which it could be pumped into tank
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

amount of water would depend both on
the distance at which it would need to be
delivered from the reservoir or pump,
their relative elevations and the acreage.
Assuming then that for five-acre grove
we need constant discharge of twenty
five gallons per minute, it will require
pipe one and one-half inches inside dame
ter and a pressure corresponding to
head of one foot for every rod of length
for the pipe. This head must becaIculat-
ed between the points of supply and dis
charge. For example: if the distance
from the pump to the point where the wa
ter discharges were forty rods and the
two on the same level, the pressure must
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

on. 1t was irrigation; yet irrigation is
older than history.
That irrigation will pay in Florida for
orchards, truck plats and grass lots no
body need doubt. Any tiller of the soil
has had frequent opportunities to mark
the beneficial effects of a pint or a bucket
OF water to a plant or young tree in a
drouth-how it often saved them from
perishing, and always revived them and
promoted their growth.
While our state boasts a abountiful rain
fall, yet this is not evenly distributed
throughout the year; it is apt to be too
much at one season and none at all at
others. If it was otherwise, perhaps
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

pet cocks, if the pump stops any length
of time.
Throttle is kept wide open all the time.
| usually set the governor to stop the
pump at 165 pounds, but frequently car
ry $50 pounds. Two sets of hose aroused
and amont watered is a little over thirty
acres. Time to wet thoroughly, three
afternoons, (better to water in after
moons, as less waste from evaporation
quantity of water not less than 5000
gallons per acre, but usually gets 30 per
cent. more. A watering lasts from five to
seven days. High winds Immediately af-
ter watering dry out very fast and low
hammock soil requires more water and
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28


must be increased
by that amount. If lower it can be
decreased by the same. This rule APP
plies without modification when the dis
charge is final, as for instance into a tank
or reservoir, but if the above mentioned
point of discharge is where distribution
begins, as for instance into three-fOurth
inch pipe, the friction had must be calcu-
lated for each successive interval between
the brach pipes and the sum total be adj
ded to that already found for the main.
If the main pipe be two inches diameter
instead of one and half inches the fric-
ton head will be only one-fourth as much
for the rate of discharge.
When the supply of water is not limited
the necessary head or pressure can be OBJ
tanned and tank or reservoir dispensed
with usually, by means of a stand pipe
This is simply vertical pipe open at the
top and connected at it's base with the
discharge pipe of the pump and high
enough to give the total calculated head.
The main pipe is also connected with it's
base It's inside diameter should be some
what greater than that of the main. 1t
is evident that the water will rise in the
stand pipe until the necessary pressure to
discharge whatever amount the pump
throws is obtained, and if the pump is
overworked the water will flow out of the
stand pipe and the pressure be kept con-
stant.
These few practical points will suffice to
Indicate the nature OF the problem. [
have only limited at them. [ think it will
be clear to all thoughtful minds that a
thorough knowledge of the principles OF
hydraulics will make success more proba-
BILE in dealing with irrigation than the
want of it, The cost of material to be
used IS so expensive that it would be easy
to increase the cost of plant from SO to
100 per cent.
Ii a man is wise he will increase his
allowance in proportion to his ignorance.
1t is only the expert who can safely make
his figures close.
Mr.. Editor, if what have written
proves to be of interest to the public, |
will endeavor at no distant time to have
something further to say.
VIM. E. STRONG,
Civil Engineer.
Belleview, Marion County, Fla
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28
For THE FLORIDA AGRIcU1TUR1sT.

For THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURIsT.
Mr.. Franklin's Method of 1rrigating
Replying to your letter of the 17thinst.
My method of irrigating is by directpres-
ure, as it is the cheapest and quickest,
throwing a stream under heavy pressure.
The water is carried a great distance,
saving cost of many pipes. | use four
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28

could lrllgate, but
generally that sub
ject is shrouded in
mystery, and the
chow is it done?"
"what does itcost,"
and the butts
"why's" and so on,
get tangled and trip
each other upin his
mind until he gives
up the problem in
ueSpalr.
Let us at the be-
ginning of a rain
set a pan one inch
deep in the garden.
If the rain keeps on
when this pan is
Just full, then it has
rained one inch; as
many cubic inches
of water havefallen
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-08-28
For THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURIsT.
Preliminary Hints. ("

Your timely article on the irrigation
question, which appeared in your issue of
June II, is my excuse for encroaching
upon your valuable space, for | wish to
make a few remarks upon the same sub
iect.
The vehicles in which agriculture has
ridden onward are of four kinds. First
it had only wheelbarrow-thisw was when
simply the stirring of the soil was thought
sufficient for the crops. Subsequently,
another wheel was added, giving it a
cart; this was fertilizing. Agriculture
then rode tolerably smooth until it as