Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1889-01-26
AMERICAS DISCOVERY.
ACCOUNTS or PRE-coLuMBlAN voY-
AGES AND SHORT STAYS.

AGES AND SHORT STAYS.
Iceland's Ancient Lore Records al Expe-
dition Which Took Place In 9s6-Expe-
riences Which Lead to the Belief That
America Was the Place Visited.
Tire ancient lore of the Icelandic sagas
furnishes proof of the early colonization
of the American continent in-the Tenth
century by the Scandinavians. The sagas
and songs upon which ancient Scandi-
navian history is founded, and those con-
tanning the history of America by the
Mortimer, were originally intrusted to
the memory, and these verbal traditions
formed historical narratives.
In the early part of the Twelfth cen
fury, when the Icelanders had become
familiar with the Latin cEirography,
they were committed to writing. Manu-
scripts found in Iceland during the year
1850 make record of an expedition to
Greenland led in 9S6 by Eric Red, of Ice
land. His son Lief, who accompanied
him, enlisted a crew of thirty-five men,
and set sail from Greenland on another
voyage of exploration. In due time they
came to a well wooded land to the south
west of Greenland, where day and night
seemed more equal than in Greenland
and Iceland.
living THE LAM A NAME.
After a short s%ojourn in this newly
found country, Lief, in company with
his followers, returned to Greenland,
and the fame acquired by this expedition
encouraged his brother Thorwald to en-
bark in the same vessel in 1909 for the
recently discovered territory, to which
vas given the name of Wineland Wine
land). Thorwald and his crew, having
safely reached their destination. spent
the winter in the booths which Lief had
erected. In the spring he explored the
only attractive, but rich in vines and
forest.
No evidences of human habitation were
visible, nor did he find the lairs of ami
mails. Afterwards sailing eastward they
came to q cape upon whose sandy beach
they landed. Having crossed this pro-
lection, to their surprise they saw three
boats made of skins, partially buried in
the sand, beneath which nine men lay
hidden, eight of whom were caught and
killed, one managing to escape. Later
these Mortimer were attacked by the
Esquimaux, to whom the eight SO re-
Gently killed probably belonged. Thor
valid, fatally wounded in the encounter,
was buried on the promontory where he
fell. His crew returned to Greenland
with a rich cargo of timber.
THE SECOND EXPEDITION.
The sagas make mention of another
expedition, undertaken by Thorfin Karls-
fue, who enlisted as his associates sixty
men and five women. Sailing from Ice
land in a southerly direction, they ar
rived at the place where Lief had built
his huts. After landing the COWS and a
bull to Craze, which they had brought
with them, Karlsfue ordered his men to
fell trees and prepare timber for the
ships cargo; and while thus engaged
they saw emerging from the woods many
Skraelings. Happening toappear where
the bull was feeding, and being rather
OF a ferocious spirit, he beloved loudly,
and made an attack upon them, which
led them Immediately to retreat.
After securing re-enforcements they
returned end ttthey,were not
able to make themselves understood to
the Mortimer, by means of signs, how
ever, they were enabled to barter furs
for such other commodities as. the North
men We're willing to sell. When the ma
hves had withdrawn, Karlsfue caused
a strong wooden fence to be placed
around his booths, which proved to be a
wise ~precaution, as a short time after
wards the Skraelings returned, when a
fierce fight ensued, in which many of the
EsQuimaux fell. The Mortimer soon be-
coming weary of their abode in SO strange
a country, and exposed to the frequent
attacks of the natives, in the spring re-
turned to Greenland.
THE THEORY OF IRISH CoLoNIsTs.
The third expedition was undertaken
in 1011 by Freydissa, a daughter of Eric
Red, in company with 200 Icelandic
traders, but as no further exploration of
this country was entered uDon no new
facts We're obtained.
The theory of the population of Amer
lea by Irish colonists has been founded
on the mention of a saga writer who
observes that Wineland must have been
"Flvittramannaland or the Great Ire
land. It is not improbable that a similarity
in the sound of the language of the people
caused the name of a smaller body of
land in the eastern hemisphere to be
given to a part of the country by its first
discoveries. Be this as it may it is GER
tain that the theory has never been au-
thenticated,
Thus we became acquainted with the
lcelandic history of certain portions of
the western hemisphere, as given by the
sagas of the IeelandeTb.
The discovery by Christopher Column
bus of West Indies in 1889 was perhaps
the result of a trip made by him to Ice
land In 1477, at which time the discovery
of unknown lands to the southwest of
Greenland and Iceland was made known
to him by the sagas of the people of Ice
land.-Gen. G. w. Darling in Home
Journal.