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The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Improving on the Mariners Compass.

1t appears incredible that any i'm
provements could be made and patented
on that ancient and phenomenal instru-
ment the mariners compass, but such is
the case, as was proved recently in an
English court of law. 1t has been shown
beyond doubt that when the compass is
used on steel. built vessels or is placed in
the vicinity of huge steel ordnance the
needle vibrates in such rapid and
erratic manner as to perplex and mislead
the most experien ed steersman and
pilot. 1t was also found that at the
bombardment of Alexandria the COM
passes of the warships were useless
through the tremendous vibrations,
while instruments invented by that
eminent scientist, Sir William Thomson,
in order to meet these perplexities, be-
haved in n true and admirable manner.
The merits of this improved compass
were readily recognized by the members
of the honorable guild of compass
makers. The members speedily availed
themselves of these valuable improve
ments but the inventor has succeeded in
obtaining an injunction against them
and other makers unless they paid a
royalty. 1t is curious to think that this
useful instrument that is said to have
been known to the Chinese twelve
centuries before Christ and was intro
duced to Europe by Marco Polo in 1861,
should be :he cause of lawsuit as to its
ownership in the nineteenth century,
sG:t Francis 0 Chr0nicie.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Recipes.

CRACKER PIE.-Six crackers, piece OF
butter size of m egg, one cup sugar, one
cup of boiling water, one teaspoon lemon
favoring.
Feather CAKE. One cupful sugar, one
teaspoonful butter, one cupful of milk,
two cupfuls -four, one teaspoonful cream
tartar, Tablespoonful of soda dissolved
in tablespoonful boiling water, and
added last.
Fl H,MINY GRIDDLE CAKEs.-Two cups
cold boiled hominy beaten smooth, one
quart of milk aud one teaspoonful ol
salt; stir together, then add one cup OF
flour, into which has been we'll mixed a
teaspoonful of baking powder; lastly.
add three eggs that have been we'll
beaten. Cook Immediately after mixing.
TAPIocA JELLY. -Tapioca jelly IS one
of those simple, but excellent prepara-
tions, which are relishcd by invalids
and we'll people alike. To make it, soak
one cupful of tapioca in four cupfuls OF
water for four or FIVE hours. Sweeten it
and set it in pan of boiling water to
cook about an hour. or until it looks
quite clear. When it is nearly cooked
stir in the juice and little of the grated
rind of lemon, and when done pour
into little molds. Serve with sweetened
cream favored to taste.
CoTTAG: PGDpING.-Onec cup fsugar,
one tablespoon Of butter, two eggs, one
cup of sweet milk, three cups of flour or
enough to make tolerably stiff batter,
one-half teaspoon of soda, one teaspoon
of cream of tartar sifted with the flour,
one teaspoon of salt. Rub the butter
and sugar together, beat in the yolks,
then the milk and soda, the salt and the
beaten whites, alternately with the flour.
Bake in buttered mold; turn out upon
q dish; cut in slices and eat with a
liquid sauce.
MCrroN BROTH. Mutton broth for an
invalid is made of one pound of lean
mutton, cut in small pieces, and put in
one quart OF cold water; cover closely
and simmer until the meat is so tender
it falls to pieces. If You wish to add
rice or barley. let it soak in warm water
while the mutton is boiling. When it
is soft skim out the pieces of meat aud
put in the rice or barley and let it SIM
mer for half an hour. If thoroughly
soaked this will be long enough. 1t
must be be cooked, though, until it is
done, no matter how long it takes.
PoTATo YEA>T.-Take two quarts OF
water to one ounce of hops; boil fifteen
minutes, strain and add one half pound
of flour, putting the latter into a basin
and pouring on water slowly to prevent
it getting lumpy, one-fourth pound
of brown sugar and handful of fine
salt. Let it stand three days, stirring 1t
occasionally. When it ferments well,
add six potatoes which have Leen boiled
mashed aid run through colander,
making them as smooth as possible. This
yeast will keep long while, and has
the advantage Of not requiring any Yeast
to start it with. 1t rises so qu ckly that
a less quantity of it must be put in than
of ordinary yeast.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Startling Fire.bug Industry.

"Burning houses and stores to order
for the purpose of securing insurance
money is q novel and startling industry" !"
said Inspector McDevitt of the Insurance
Patrol to Philadelphia Times reporter.
cit is estimated that fully $50 of the
900 fires that on an average occur an
nually in this city are the work of pro-
fessonal fire. bugs. Or, as they are styled
in their own circles, fireworks men,
The headquarters of the gang has been
located in New York city, and its mem.
bers a:e supposed to operate through
agencies in Philadelphia, Boston, Balti.
more, Washington and all the principal
cities of the East"
The business guise of these agents and
their employees is generally that of
glazier. The police authorities of this
city are confident that there are several
"glaziers" in this city, and that they
constitute regular agency for New
York concern. These GLACIERS nomi-
nally 90 about to put glass in windows" !"
said the Inspector, "and they make a
practice of stoppinga at the retail clothing
stores, and, with knowing wink at the
proprietor, ask if the:e is any business
on hand for them. Fires made to order
by these agents generally happen among
the small retail clothing stores.
The New York fire furnishing firm
controls large clothing stores, from which
new and second hand goods are supplied
to the roprietor, who wants to have his
establishment burned out. These goods
are sent in trunks to the business man,
who expects to pay certain price for
them if they shall be consumed by fire.
If the goods are only partially destroyed
or damaged by water nominal sum is
paid for the hire of them. The methods
of firing houses pursued by these fire.
bugs are varied, and they battle many
attempts to solve them. It is an er-
roneous impression that the incendiaries
perform their work by some kind of
machinery, for that would disclose their
business.
The authorities feel confident that
many of the mysterious fires are started
from chemical combinations. Chemicals
are combined by these ''glaziers" in pro-
portions that will explode at almost any
time desired. A common way ofstarting
fire employed by the fre-bugs is by
filling lamp with combined coal oil
and benZine. In almost all of the in
cendiary fires the lamp methods are
mostly used.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Flowing by Steam.

G. Il Berry's traction engine, drawing
four tive-gang plows. is dong some ex-
cellent work in the vicinity Of the
Eighteen mile House ranch, at Tulare,
Cal. The plows turn the soil over in
good shape, and followin. each plow is
a drag. or harrow, that pulverizes the
clods and leaves the grouud as smooth
as floor. The machine runs day and
night, large locomotive headlight be-
ing placed in front of the engine when
darkness comes, while about a half
dozen lamps hang around the engine.
The engine consumes about ten header
bedsful of straw in twenty-four hours,
and the labor of ter men to run it that
number of hours. The traction moves
of at about the gait plug team goes
when ploughing, and as it ne er has to
stop to catch its breath, of course it
would gain over q team some distance
in a days travel. Seventy acres are
plowed every twenty-four hours. 1t is
a wonderful invention for seeding as
we'll as harvesting grain.--San francisco
ILTy3,icle
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Sand Covered Graves in the Soudan

The tembs on the hill opposite AS
souam, Egypt. opened in 1885 by Sir
Francis Grenfell, Commander-in- Chief
of the Egyptian troops, are being rapidly
hidden again and covered with sand.
General Grenfell observed O stone step
at the edge of the river, and concluded
that it must BE- q part of an ancient
stairway. Diggings revealed the truth
of his conclusion, and the stairway, with
ninety two steps, was found to lead up
to number of tombs, which the sand
from the desert had been completely
hiding from view for centuries. The
chambers are capacious lone measures
100 by SO feet!, and richly painted. The
sand has encroached again so rapidly
that entrance can be had through only
two of the portals except on hands and
knees. The hill is thought to be honey
combed with tombs still unopened.
One of the spo:s near .Assouam re-
Gently made interesting, especially to
the English and Alneri, IN tourist, is
the English cemetery. 1t is situai ed
near the old syenitc quarries and the
great obelisk, which still clings on its
uuderside to the native rock. A mud
wall, whitewashed. encompasses it.
Since 1854 one hundred and forty
graves have been dug and filled by Eng
lish officers and soldiers. a white
wooden cross or stone slab, inscribed
with name. age, birthplace and regi-
ment of the sleeper, marks every mound.
A tender feeling has arranged on the
mounds, in tasteful designs, fragments
of variegated grauite.-4ail and Ez-
press,
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Fixing the Responsibility.

Blundcrng men, instead of admitting
their responsibility, try to excuse them
selves by throwing the blame on Others.
A Singhalese story illustrates this
tendency of human nature, and also the
French proverb: "He accuses who ex-
cuscs himself" One night thieves broke
into q rich mans house and carried off
all his valuablcs. On being arrested,
they excused their crime by saying that
they were blameless, as the walls of the
house were so badly built as to tempt
them to break through. The mason was
therefore to blame for the robbery. The
mason was brought before the magis-
trate. "The fault is not mine, " said he,
'but that of the coolie who made the
mortar badly" The coolie laid the
blame upon the potter who had sold
him a cracked vessel in which he could
not carry sufficient water to mix the
mortar properly. The potter explained
that the blame could not be laid upon
him but upon pretty woman, who,
passing while he was making the vessel,
so rivetcd his attention that he forgot
about his work. The woman protested
that the goldsmith was at fault. lie had
failed to send home her earrings and
she passed the potter's shop on her way
to get them. The goldsmith, not being
able to offer an excuse for his neglect,
was sentenced to he hanged. His
friends begged the judge to spare him:
as he was sick and ill.favored and would
not make pretty spectacle. "But
somebody must be hanged" said the
Judge. His attention was thereupon
called to fat Moor in shop opposite,
and the Judge ordered him to be hanged
in the goldsmith's stead. -ArqonaM.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Art Of Cattle Feeding.

Much has been said in regard to the
feeding of cattle and the various ways
of preparing food. But mischief is
done by leaving out of the question the
differences in the various conditions un-
der which cattle are fed. In some cases
one way may be the best that would be
the worst in others. No doubt grinding
grain is economical for COWS and for a
house reared steer which is fed for a
farmers domestic supply of meat. But
when q number of cattle are fed the Ia
Dor of feeding meal and of tying up the
animals IN stalls eats up the profit, es-
|pecialy now that stock are so low in
price. / am feeding number of beeves,
|bo,h Young and mature, and l have
found that unhusked corn is better liked
Inv the stock and is more economical
THAN meal The cattle eat more, digest
the food better, make more growth, and
fare easily managed. Even yearlings do
3better upon this cheap food.
i Tho question of open-air feeding as
compared with tight and warm barns is
another which has two sides. Last year
/ l fed twenty head of cattle in lot by
themselves through the winter on hay.
with small quantity of ear corn: They
were never under a roof, and have
ranged in q wood all the summer. A
Rfew weeks ago I brought three OF this
lot into q comfortable barn and put them
in stalls to be fattened. They all lost
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23

appetite, became restless, and lost
weight rapidly, and after months
trial they were turned out again. The
habits of the cattle and several other
circumstances must he considered before
the feeder can proftably adopt new
methods or apply what are commonly
called scientific practices. And as re-
CARDS the matter of warmth, it is un-
Questionable that an animal tied in barn
at a temperature of forty degrees will be
very much colder than one in the open
air in a sheltered lot at twenty degrees
lower temperature.
Another very common impression pre-
vailing among those who write for the
instruction of farmers, but which IS OPP
posed to the experience of some, is that
''good stock is always salable." What
is good stock? Generally it is supposed
to be the pure bred or crosses OF 1t, ana
which are consequently costly. But more
truly. good stock consists of those KINDS
of animals that are the best suited for the
circumstances in which they are kept
and for the purposes of the owners.
Scrub cattle, making 500 or GOO pounds
of heef, are good stock for some places
and the common run of cows that can be
sold for beef at any time are often more
profitable than the most costly Jerseys.
have lot of common COWS that can
sell readily for SEQ to $50. My next
neighbor has q lot Of pedigree Jersey
COWS which cost him an average OF S2uo
each he is vainly offering calves for
$50 each. 1t is clear thatI have the best
stock for the locality and circumstances,
although elsewhere it might be the worst:
In considering all such questions it must
not be forgotten that circumstances alter
cases always.-Nec York. Times.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Rcc-Hives in Winter.

Entrances to bee-hives may be entirely
closed in cold weather, and snow filing
up the entrances or covering the hives
entirely will do no harm, writes West
ern apiarist. He adds that the hives
and bees should be let alone, for it will
| do them harm to shovel the snow away.
In very cold weather the bees are in com
Portable quarters when covered with
snow-hence let them remain undis-
turbed. On the approach of warm
Iday, when the snow is about gone away,
3the entrances may be opened, but he
would rather stop the entrances with
more snow than allow the bees to come
Iout and fly while the ground Is covered
with snow. From this they may be pro-
Ehibited by heaping up snow about the
entrance of the hive. Bees cannot en-
dure alighting upon snow, and heavy
losses occur when they are allowed to do
[|so.-Neo York Vines.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
The Flavor of Eggs.

When a great deal of chambers
|greaves of rank or musty quality has
been fed fowls the favor is perceptible
not only in their flesh but in their eggs.
Also the odor of garlic and some other
strong favored things may be found in
the eggs after the poultry has eaten a
! great dealtf such substances. Ordi
|na,ily the flavor of the eggs is not
affected enough by change of diet to
make any noticeable difference. When
hens are fed very largely on milk the
yolk is light in color, and the white is
less filmy N texture. The more concen-
rrated aud nutritious the food the richer
and better the eggs. Also the eggs
from thrifty fowl: at the beginning Of
the laying, before the fowls strength
has been reduced, are richer and more
capable of producing vigorous chickens
than near the close of laying. The
reason why fowls fed on ''slops," ETC.,
are able to give no better eggs to their
owners is because you demand the tale
| of brick" of your servants, but you give
| them no straw to make them wi h.
CD tontains all the best and most nu-
tritious portions of the milk, without
/ its Objectionable, watery qualities. Eut
/ the true feed for laying fowls is one-thrd
or one-quarter Indian corn, ground or
otherwise, and oats or wheat, together
with milk and whatever scraps from the
house are obtainable, and as much green
vegetable food as they will eat; and
these, combined and fed properly, your
eoos will he of the true puld and silver
stamp-when the cooks fire has refined
them and prepared them as relish for
YOUR breakfast. -Meo Yor.s HtralI.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
A Cup of SOlacfnC Tea

GA comfortable cup of tea," says
Marion Harland, "never Genes amiss to
tagged housewife, be it served at
breakfast, luncheon or dinner" The
best way to insure its goodness-that is,
that it be hot, strong and fresh-is to
have the tea urn or kettle on the table,
with a spirit-lamp burning under it.
Scald the teapot, put in the tea, cover
it with boiling water, put "cosy" or
a thick napkin about it and let it stand
five minutes before filling with more
boiling water. Wait 4 minute longer
and pour out.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Farm and Garden Notes.

Save up all the wood ashes.
Remember that the sire is half the
herd.
Vnleached ashes are the best fer
tilizer.
ron't put a frosty bit in the horses
mouth.
Powdered charcoal in the dust bath
for poultry is recommended.
1t appears that the hoy is just as fond
of pasture as any other animal.
Glover hay put away too green will
ignite by Spontaneous combustion.
When you see people going out on &C.
count of low peice then is the time to
go in.
If potted plants require fertilizers they
should be applied sparingly and ire
quently.
Much diff Guilty in churning in winter
is due to keeping the cream at too cold a
temperature.
AS soon as the soil freezes hard all
newly set trees or plants should be slight
ly banked up.
The Polish fowl is recommended as
perhaps the handsomest OF all varieties
OF domestic poultry.
OLD newspapers or brown wrapping
paper can be used for rendering the
poultry house warm.
The more an animal is exposed the
less it will produce, either OF pork, wool,
mutton, beef or milk.
Cold, filth and insufficient ventilation
are the usual causes of roup in poultry,
according to one writer.
Cream needs stirring frequently. to
mix the different skimmings and to
aerate and ripen it evenly.
Do not make a mistake in building the
poultry house too high. The windows
should face the south and east.
Care we'll for the feet and legs of horses
when putting them into the stable and
so prevent scratches and lameness.
The farmer who has big straw stack
has no excuse Tor allowing his stock to
suffer by exposure to cold or storms.
With very little timber and plenty of
straw, rough but warm shelter may be
provided at little cost except for labor.
Crafts can be cut in the middle of
winter, but they are not usually of as
strong vitality as if cut earlier in the
fall.
To cut down taxes stop up the cracks
in the stables. Town, County and State
taxes are not the only ones the shiftless
farmer pays.
Rather than fill your cellars with roots
and vegetables construct pits for them.
When they are in the cellar disease
lurkcth there also.
Light barley boiled is Gained to be
excellent feed for horses, putting fine
coat or them. though not SO good for
horses at hard work.
The asparagus and rhubarb beds should
always be manured late in the fall. 1t is
very difficult to have the soil for these
two varieties of plants too rich.
Black knot on cherry trees may be
often cured by an application of kero-
sene oil on the limb affected. taking care
not to apply too much, as the tree may
be injured.
An attempt to grow seedless apples has
apparently succeeded. After much
trouble there are now two varieties of
the coreIess kind, both said to be of
good size and taste.
Flowcring plants should never be
watered with cold water or it will tend
10 chill the plants. A little time taken
to warm the water before applying will
be found Of considerable benefit.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
HOUSEHOLD MATTERS.
Crystalized Pom. Corn,

An easily-prepared and wholesome
dainty to make for the children is crys-
talized popcorn. Boil one cupful of
white sugar with three tablespoonfuls of
water, and one of butter, until it shows
threads when dropped from the spoon.
Then pour in three quarts of freshly
popped corn; stir until the sugar is thor
oughly distributed, and then set away to
cool. Nut.meats can be used in place of
popped corn, and are delicious. But I
think them too rich for children to eat.
Prairie Farmer.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Killed His Horse and CrawIed Inside.

AQVlceS from he:mosa, III SouthWeSL'
ern New Mexico, say that the heaviest
snowstorm ever known there re:ently
occurred. A letter from J. B. Newman,
a rel able ranchman of Hcrmosa, tells
the following strange tale: Captain
Groseier. ranchman, started for Clo-
ride, He got lost and wandered about
till he and his horse were exhausted.
He had neither gun nor matches, but
killed his horse, took out the entrals
and got inside, where he was covered
up with snow and remained three days.
He lived on the raw liver. He only
reached the Diamond Creek Ranch
the eighth dny after commencing his
Journey. Parties were out hunting him,
but he made his way back alone
Chicago Herati.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
Wounds From Rarbed Wire.

Valuable stock will often get into
barbed-wire fences. 1t is we'll TO have
some simple remedies at hand, as many
of the cuts, if taken in time, may be
Lreadily cured, while if neglected, an un-
slightly scar may remain, seriously impair
g ing the value of the animals. Ordinary
!liniments and salves are generally too
severe, even when the latter is plentifully
mixed with lard, says Breeier ana Stock
p1an, which journal recommends the fol-
Blowing:
A preparation consisting of one part
turpentine and two parts lard will soolhc
the wound and keep away flies Deep
cuts can be healed thus without leaving
scar. But if the ani:ral is not in good
condition blood poisoning may ensue
and death follow. Pine tar applied to
| the parts atft cted will also keep away
flies, but it has tendency to harden
! the bare flesh and render it more
painful A salve made of bittersweet
! and a little pine tar mixed with it will
heal the wound and keep away flies.
Ordinary cuts on barbed-wire fence,
when the animal is in good health, will
often heal rapidly without any applica-
ton whatever, provided the flies are
kept away. A simple remedy, which
will not only keep away the insects, but
will drive out masgols from wounds
where they are found and heal them
rapidly is the following: lake the inside
bark of the elder and boil in lard until a
strong salve is made. Add little tar.
Apply plentifully and as frequently as
necessary, and unless the wound is ex-
trelnely severe, it will soon heal.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1889-01-23
The Season of Horse Blankets.

Every kind hearted man who owns a
horse should provide his animal with a
comfortable blanket, both for stable
wear and for covering when hitched out
Rof doors. Nor is it matter Of kindness
u 5pf heart alone, but is really matter OF
economy with the owner of the horse.
An animal which is kept comfortably
planketed will keep in good condition
md come out in the spring in better
ondition for hard work on less feed
han one that is afforded none but its
atural protection. The cost OF the
8lanket will he more than saved in the
eed, besides adding to the physical
omfort and appearance of the beast.
n When purchasing blankets it is an
Object to get the best for your money,
Ind the cheapest are not always those
That cost the least at the start a COOL
blanket, which will prove durable and
last, is the cheapest in the end Itts-
cousin Aqri u,turaiist.