davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25
Liberality in Brazil.

LISBON, Dec. 1.-THE Brazilian
Consul here has received telegram
from Rio de Janeiro announcing that
a decree has been promulgated declar-
ing all foreigners residing in Brazil
citizens of the Republic from the date
on which the Republic was proclaimed
and that all foreigners in future shall
be considered Brazilian subjects and
enjoy all civil and political rights, ex-
cept the right of becoming chief OF
state, after a residence of two years.
In all cases the Government. reserves
the right to refuse citizenship. The
decree is signed by Da Fonseca and
LOdo.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

IT is the unmarried lady who can give her
sisters points on the art of how to manage
Q husband Courier.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

DBRvIsH means zone who lies at the
door" 1t is not proper to call returned
fisherman a dervish, for he begins IL as
soon as he gets on tho ferry -boat-San
Francisco Alta
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

ONH OF the most depressing facts that has
recently come TO light is the possibility Of 4
crank going over Niagara Falls without
losing his life.-Norristowa Herald.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

oregon, the Paradise OF Farmers.
Mild, equable climate, certain and abuudan,
crops. Best fruit, grain. grass, stock country
10 tue world Full Information free Address
Oregon Immigration BOARD. Portland OREGON
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

IT Is no uncommon thing for q theatrical
star to complain Of the support while TIE
company retorts that the stay Is in sunnort-
able-Boston Transcript
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

REGULATE the stomach, liver and bowels,
and promote digestion, take one Of Carriers
Little Liver Pills every night. Try them.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

Best. easiest to use and cheapest. Piso's
Remedy for Catarrh. By druggists 2Sc.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

WHEN money talks of course it talks
centa-Baltimore American
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

IT was presumably . visitor to a great
brewery who sang with all its vaults l
love thee still THE Hotel Gazette.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

KNOWLEDGE is power - horsepower in
some of the classical colleges.-Puck.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

A CHICAGO druggist retailed over 1OO, 00
sSTansiIrs Punch sc. Cigars in four months.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

Don't say that . woman is scandal
bearer; be gallant and call her carrier
dove-Atchison Globe
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

TIE man who lives the highest lives q
shortest-KentuckyS State Journal
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

DR.. Pierce's Pellets, the original and only
genuine Little Liver Pills; Is cents vial !,
one dose.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

THERE is no use in trying to teach the az
erage spinster tricks in legerdemain. She
can't be expected TO do much in the way Of
slight OF hand Merchant Traveller.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

IN 1860, Henry Goethe, OF Beaufort, S. C.,
wrote DR.. Shaleuberger:
Il regard your Antidote specific for
chillS and fever. Ii was used on the
Charleston e. Savannah K Road last sum-
mer and autumn in the most sckly region
and under the most trying circumstances
Out OF one gang of negro operatives, fifty
were stricken down with chils and fever,
and every one recovered by the timely use
OF Shallenberger' Antidote. You possess
the GREATEST MEDICINE IL THE wORLD.n
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

a DOSE in Time Saves Nine Of Hale's
honey of Horehound and Tar for coughs.
Pixies TOothache Drops Cure in one minute.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

TIE cats purr is the sign Of peace. The
ROSTERS spur is the emblem Of war
Yonkero Statesman
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25
Consumption surely Cured.

To THE EDIToR:-Please inform your
the above named disease By its timely
use thousands of hopeless cases have been
permanently cured, / shall be glad to send
two bottles OF my remedy FREE to any Of
your readers who have consumption if they
will send me their express and post Office
address. Respectfully, T A SLoCUM, NJ C..
Isl Pearl street. New York.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

A NAN who owns goat has only to earn
his bread he has his butter for nothing -
Rochester Post.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

THROAT DISEASES commence with a Cough,
Cold or Sore Throat 'Broun's Bronchial
1roches'' give immediate relief. Sold Only
IN boxes. Price 25 cts.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

DoN'r swear you know thing is true
because you believe it. You wouldn't know
you were living if your wife didn't pull
your hair sometimes Texas Siftings.
The Globe-republican. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1889-1910, 1889-12-25

Sufferers from Catarrhal troubles shon.
| carefully read the above
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
The Board of superyisors,

The bond of T. H. Riley, B. G. Law.
renee and FL. d. J. Bolser for the Brown
road was approved.
The sum of $500 was temporarily
transferred from the county expense
fund to the Ell Monte road fund.
A warrant was ordered drawn for $45C
on the county expense fund in favor oi
W. W. Riggs for excavation made fol
the San Fernando avenue bridge.
w. Y. Rowland, inspector of glandered
horses, allowed $40 for each day of actual
services.
The bond Of E. S. Sweitzsr and Abbot
Kinney on the Santa Monica road ap-
proved.
8. L. Page and ]. w. Davis. were ap.
pointed viewers of the Brown road.
The deed Of John 7. Gordon for strip
of land for road purposes was accepted.
The District Attorney reported in the
case of Catalina s. Davaride for re.
bate of taxes, that it be not allowed.
A survey of the old Ranchito road was
ordered made.
Supervisor Davis was appointed to at
tend to the surveying Of the line from
Los Angeles to Whittier for the proposed
boulevard.
All road overseers are ordered to make
q report of all work done on the roads
during the past year, according to blanks
furnished by the board.
Bids were ordered advertised for for
the cutting Of channel for the New San
Gabriel river, above the Sanford bridge,
according to plans furnished by the
board.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
A PLEASANT WEDDING.
Los Angeles Young Lady akeh
to Washington Territory.

A Los Angeles Young Lady AIKEN
TO Washington Territory.
Last evening a very pleasant wedding
took place at Mrs. Smiths residence, No.
26S Crescent avenue. 1t was the we'd
ding of Miss Emma Hull, Of this city,
to Charles F. Roehl, of Washington Ter
ritory. The affair was very quiet, none
but the immediate friends and rela-
tives OF the contr acting parties
being present. The bride is a
most estimable young lady, aud has q
host of friends in this city who wish her
untold happiness in her married life.
The bridegroom, Charles F. Roehl, is q
former resident of this city, and up to a
year and a half ago was employed by
Merriam & Co. Then he left for Wash
ington Territory, where he is now
the junior member OF the firm OF
Roehl Bros, Wholesale liquor dealers.
The happy couple left on the 10 O'Clock
train last night for San Francisco, where
they will spend several days before pro.
ceeding to their future home in Wash
ington Territory. They were accom-.
panied to the depot by a number of their
friends, who wished them q long life of
happiness and prosperity.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
DIED.

FUNERAL NOTICES ONE DOLLAR.
GLASS - In this city, November "a, 1889.
Charles Glass, native of Ireland, aged 26
years.
Friends and acquaintanees are respectfully
invited to attend the funeral Tuesday, at 2
O'Clock, from family residence. Virginia ave.
nue, near Matthews street, Boyle Heights.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26

yoke OF this verdict and submit himself Into
the hands of just and merciful Court.
He would willingly and gladly serve In prison
half the years of his rem aiming life, II by SO
doing he could restore William Tweedy The life
he took In self defense; and for the widow and
children of William Tweedy he joins with us
in giving them our sympathy ana our tears.
Our client is not criminal: he has served
almost five months in the County Jail, and we
pray your Honor to deal with him In
leniency and extend to him the full measure OF
mercy.
The Court then proceeded to give his
view of the matter. He was understood
to say that il he had been in Wheeling's
place he would have done exactly as
Wheeling had done. There is little
doubt that if new trial had been asked
for the prayer would have been granted
Judge Cheney then sentenced Wheeling
to one year in the States prison at Sar
Quentin.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26

M. s.. Tyler, Of Kansas City, has
bought the interest Of Mr.. S. J. Lemon
OF the firm of Gibson & Lemon, dealera
in shoes.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
Frank Lauterio Out on Rail,

A big fight has been going on for weeks
past to procure bail for Frank Lauterio,
the only one of all those indicted for de.
frauding the county through the Audi.
tors Office who was behind the bars.
There are three indictments against
Lauterio, with bail fixed at 1000 in
each. He had given bonds on two OF
these, but could not get the third. Yes.
terday Judge Cheney reduced the bail on
this last to 5000, which was given and
the prisoner released. The bonds were
given by Conuta Palanco and Chung
Wing. One of the other bonds for 81 ,OO0
is given by Viconte Elisaldo and Chung
Wing. The other is by Chung Wing
and Maria A. Gotta de Valdez.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
Children Cry for Pitchers CastorIa.

. John Embry's,4I south Fort street
for good broiled steak
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
Marriage Licenses.

The following were yesterday licensed
to we'd:
Jeph G. Nelson, native of Denmark
of Cahuenga, aged 26, to Emily M. Will.
Hanson, a native of California, of this
city, aged %.
William Gregory, native of England
of Edgemont, aged 27, to Phoebe Gross.
man, native of Wisconsin, of Edge.
mont, aged %.
Charles M. M. Schmidt, a native oi
Denmark, of Cahuenga, aged "a, to Anna
d. Nielsen, native of Denmark, of Ca.
huenga, aged 2S.
Charles ?. Roehl, native of Ger.
many, Of Fairhaven, WASH, aged 25, to
Emma Hull, native OF Oregon, of Los
Angeles, aged "a.
Claes J. Johnson, a native of Sweden,
of this city, aged 81, to Erika Norman, 8
native OF Sweden, Of this city, aged 27.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
DR.. Hoillng.yvorth

DEs nOIIHSHWOTLH
Has removed Office to 1887 West First street
between Spring and Fort.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
The Church Loses.

Yesterday Judge Van Dyke handed
down decision in the case of Hall
against the Church Of Latter Day Saints.
1t involved the title to valuable real estate
decided by deceased relative of Hall to
the Bishop of the Mormon church. The
deed was decided to be null, for the rea
son that no consideration was named il
the deed. The State laws require tina
some consideration be explicitly namec
in deed to hold the property.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
The illuminated Lecture.

Much interest is being manifested in this
event and tickets are being sold. The an
nouncepent in smother column will explain
place and date. Let all go and see some real
istlc pictures of the Paris Expeditions
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
HOME MANUFACTURES.
A Column Everyone Should
Read.
HOW MONEY MAY BE SAVED
Local Manufacturing Enterprises
PatrOnize Them and Keep
Your Money at Home.

In this column will be found notices OF a
number OF manufacturing establishments OF
Los Angeles. All who are interested in the
prosperity of this city will admit the necessity
of building up our manufacturing industries
This can best be dc lie by literally patronizing
those we now have. careful reading OF this
department will pay everyone.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
MlSCELLANEOUs.
DIR. NJ. HILTON WILLIAMS,
Specialist in diseases OF the
HEAD, THROAT AND CHEST,
Chronic Diseases Of the Blood, Etc /.
oRF1cE-s7 South FORT ST..

OFFICE-37 SOUTH FORT ST..
Between First and Second streets. Loa
Angeles, Cal.
i0VEp Inn MN CASES TREATED BE- DURING
|UVIn lUU,U the past % years. All dis
eases of the respiratory organs treated by the
most improved INDICATED INHALATIONS
and the OXYGEN TREATMENT, which has
such wonderful reputation in the East,
moves every poison OF the system
what cause it exists or how long it has
continued, and is eflcacious in the cure of
Catarrh, Throat Diseases, Asthma, Bronchitis.
Consumption, Nervous Prostration, Insomnia
and Dyspepsia, etc, together with any poisoned
condition Of the blood.
In all cases of Catarrh and other d1seases OF
the Respiratory Organs. where the system suf-
fers from the deleterious effects of scrofula or
other vitiated condition of the blood local
treatment is invariably conjoined with consti-
tutional remedies
Persons desiring treatment by this system OF
practice can use the remedies at home as well
| as at our office, and which will cause no incon-
venieuce or hindrance to business whatever.
l haye seen so many of these cases cured
| less the disease has advanced o the chest and
poth lungs are seriously involved. The in
haiations aid us In dissolving the mucus and in
connecting and healing the cavities, which
nothing else can do with the same success.
me very best of references from those al
ready cured.
Chose who desire to consult me in regard
/ TO their cases had better call at the office for
an examination, but II impossible tc visit the
ONCE pert onally can write for list of questions
and circular, both OF which will be sent free of
| charge. Address
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26
Our Rome Rrew

Philadelphia Lager. fresh from the brewery
| In draught in all the principal sal oons, de
0ivered promptly in bottles or kegs. Office ant
| Brewery. 235 Also street. Telephone OIL.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1889-11-26

Twelve splendid milch COWS at auction
today, corner Fort and Second, at 10 a.
m: Also some good horses and buggies
sale positive.
Wichita eagle., 1889-09-08
PRoP. HILLlAEo,s TukERAL-

Owing 70 q mistake in the time ~ ship
p.ng the remains 81 Prof. billiard The
funeral services a. the house were nsces-
ssrlly curtalled. which the following c0u9-
uuuication explains;
70 TIE E14E1r o. TIE Eaxlz.
desire 70 MAKE b-ief explanation 70
the friends WHO were 10 attendance ST the
funeral services Of Prof billiard yesterday
morning Arrangements bad bse1 made
the evening before - ship tie TsTaAiDs by
sxv-ea. over tie Missouri Psc3Gc railroad
on tbs aeon train Yet learned tie nsxt
morning that Il would be Dseessary % ship
the ADAMS Express COT. pAsy. / then
called OF The zgens4 Of Obi. company and
they informed ne that they could nos ship
over the Missouri Pacific railroad bot y
would 90 5y the Frisco line last evening.
| tod them that would not % as arrange
u.ents IL Ohio Lad bssa made fsr burial
service. Monday and se TaBx. ship O.
morning train This was 20 sId TIE
tv..n eft At 10 g. H i was Necessary =
start ouce aid ;his accounts FOR ~ uSdsT-
taker lifting tie body before tie i.iss
tss. had been ss-eed rpoo-
GE0E-SE 2 CGNFEEli-
Wichita eagle., 1889-09-08
BREEDERS, ASSOCIATION
Meet In " tchita September 10, IL and lex
citing Races In Prospect.

The fifth annual trotting meeting OF the
Kansas association of trotting horse
breeders win be held in this city commence
ing on Tuesday, September 10 and contin-
uing on Wednesday and Thursday. Mr..
J. @. A. Sheldon. of Manhattan, Kansas,
secretary of the association, arrived in the
city last evening TO complete all OF the ar
rangements for the meet. He thinks with
reason that it viii be the most exciting
and interesting meeting ever held IN the
state. Several horses OF great promise are
entered and considerable interest Is mani
tested in the record they will make. No
expense has been spared 70 make the meet
a success and the track is in tip top con-
ditiou.
The following program has been decided
upon:
FIKST DAY. SEPTEMBER 10.
Three minute stake for stailious-trot-
ting. Closed eight entries.
Stake for yearlings- Closed nine en-
tries.
Three minutes stake for PAGERS. Closed
three entries.
SECOND DAY, SEPTEMBER II.
Stake for 2-year-olds. Closed seven en-
tries.
Stake for 5-year-olds and under. Closed
three entries.
Purse. 500. 500 TO first; so to second;
$50 TO third; so to fourth. Three minute
class, for horses owned in Kansas,
THIRD DAY, SEPTEMBER u.
Stake for three-year-olds - trotting.
Closed six entries.
Stake for 2:34 stallions-trotting. Closed
six entries.
Staka fo- +o,,- Wow OJdr-+rcttipc CIoSed
five entries.
Premium, S26 sl2 to best: SO TO second;
s. TO third. For ladies' driving.
On Wednesday, the second day, IN add
ton to the regular program, Mr.. II. &.
Toler will trot Ashland Wilkes against
his own time of 2:291I.
When the association first decided to
hold its meet in Wichita, it was agreed
that the list of members should be swelled
by forty from the citizens here, and in
fulfillment of that promise, the following
named gentlemen have added their names
to the roll of members: A. W. Oliver, w.
X. Dulaney, Geo. Cross, \. +. Niederland-
err. A. \. Deming NJ. w. Levy. W. L.
Thomas, J. o. Davidson, A. l.. Bouck, f.
W. Waller T. Schnitzler, j. d. Houston,
Geo Pratt, N. W. Coulter, Corner & Far
mum, Geo. II. Blackwelder, Wichita
Cracker Co., W. X. Carlisle, Hsstig Bros.
& Co., L. NJ. Oliver, Kansas Sash & Door
Co., Brown & Robinson, NcComb Bros,
Hewey Bros, Munson & Mcnamara, +.
NJ. Gaul, W. j. Wilson, G, A Hatfield,
w. T. Bishop & Sons, W. C. Woodman &
| Co, Steinmetz & Sullivan, Frank Russell.
! Cooper & Bosenbeck. \. Y. Smith, B. H.
Garfield, j. T. McMillen, DIR. Croskey. w.
NJ. McKim, G. a. Miller, E. Struble, John-
son Strainer II Co., Mahan Bros.
| Arrangements have been made by which
ample accommodations for transportation
| to and from the fair grounds are guaran-
| teed. Ladies will be admitted free and
every attention will be paid TO their COM
| fort and pleasure.
Wichita eagle., 1889-09-08
FINE FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.

Almost daily the EAGLE has had occa-
sion TO mention the wonderful fruit pro-
auctions of this year in this valley. We
don't believe that the peaches Of this year
come up to the crops Of the early seventies
in several respects, but unquestionably
some varieties have made fine showing
Mr. II, w. Reynolds yesterday morning
left upon our table some peaches which
weighed each ten to ten and one half
ounces and one of which measured twelve
inches in circumference These peaches
were raised on Mr.. Reynolds farm in
Pleasant township, Butler county.
or course we have had much to say
about immense corn and mammoth vege-
tables. Speaking Of the latter Mr.. Robert
A Love showed Us = tomato yesterday
which weighed one pound and twelve
ounces Mr.. Love goes with his wife to
morrow to central Illinois and he has in
addition TO this tomato which he will take
with him, an Irish potato which weighs
five and one half pounds, sweet potato
which weighs six and three-fourth pounds
and an ear of corn which weighs six and q
half pounds, all monsters in their respect
i've lines and products of Sedgwick county.
Wichita eagle., 1889-09-08
lEE EAIR-

The directors OF the Sedgwiek County
Fair association held regular meeting
Yesterday afternoon and received encouras-
Ing reports from the various committees
a premium o. $50 was decided upon 10 be
contested for by the different townships
and 10 be awarded 20 the township furn-
isbing the best five bushels OF corn- 4
premium Of IS is 70 be awarded 70 the
best fifty ears Of corn from any one farm
Whitakers packing housa viii par =
premium Of S5n for the best ten Poland
China hogs Dold's packing house viii
pay like amount for the best pen OF Berk
shives- The stock yards VIII pay 80 70
the best lot Of beef cattle The plans ot
the building ~ already gwen IA the
EAGLE have been sgTeed upon. 4 forsl
hall with a large gallery viii he con-
st-ucte6 and Will be TIzzz3e u feature - tke
fair. Mr.. !. u. Iawscr was chosen assist
aut secretary AID VII have his ottioe
over stadord'sgrooery store On the corner
Of Main and Y.-S. streesa
Wichita eagle., 1889-09-08
CORN AND THE HOG,
The Ratio Between Them-Probable Crop OF
H0gs-Apple Crop-Yields OF Wheat
and Corn--The Grocery Trade.

The statistics of Kansas On the corn and
hog crop lend a confidence of no mean
value in these days of trials and tribula-
tions, as win be seen. The year of 1884
brought Kansas 1870, S706 CSC bushels Of corn,
and the hog crop the following year went
up to the remarkable figures of 2,451 ,522
The hog crop follows the corn crop, and
having given the amount of corn raised in
any given year, one has data complete
enough to make a fair and reasonably cor
rect estimate Of the number of hogs that
has been or will be raised in the following
year.
The ratio Of the various years between
the corn and hog crop is about ninetv-fye
to one; which means the state has been
carrying ninety-fye bushels of corn to one
hog.
Take these interesting figures which.
with ratio remaining about the same, and
some important and inspiring information
can be obtained concerning next years
hog crop. The most conservative estimates
of the corn crop this year, places it at 800
000,0OO bushels, and the ratio found to ex-
ist between that and the hog crop places
the production of hogs over 100000 1t
is believed the number over 5000, 900 will
be nearly 500, 600, making q total nearing
the remarkable and astonishing figure OF
$500 600. This, of course, means business
in many ways. 1t is conceded to mean
business for packing houses, and the
plants located here are much rejoiced over
the situation. The management of the
mammouth Whitaker packing plant and
the Dold plant are quite well acquainted
with the favorable conditions That n
short hog crop follows short corn crop is
recognized by them and its force duly ap-
preciated.
Fruit-Raisers report the apple crop do
ing nicely, and all the criticism they have
to offer is that the price should be higher.
They however, admit of having large
amount Of apples and will realize much
more this year than they have in the two
years previous.
The Wichita Wholesale Grocery COM
pany report orders this week greatly i'm
proved over last week aud over the CORES
bonding weeks Of last year. They have
six men on the road, taking in western
Kansas, the territory, northern Texas and
the Panhandle country. The wholesale
houses OF the city report an increase Of
business. and the credit men are not SO
nervous.
The threshing Of wheat finds a much
better average than had been expected
The highest average IN the county so far
reported was fifty-elght bushels per acre IN
a field of loo acres. Quite number Of
fields are running from forty-tye to fifty
two bushels on an average. For corn the
week has been most seaSonable, and that
crop In southern Kansas, is a fact, having
passed beyond the fine prospect" period.
st Louis Grocer.
Wichita eagle., 1889-09-08
VICTORIOUS AGAIN.

The Johnson, Larimer Wholesale Dry
Goods house of this city has again come
out with flying colors in competing for
furnishing supplies 10 the state institu-
tions. This time the victory was secured
from the state board Of directors of the
peuitentiary right under the nose Of Kan
sas City. There were twelve bidders and
the .Johnson-Larlmer Dry Goods Company
of Wichita secured four times as much as
the two Kansas City houses, and about
one-third of the entire letting. The EA5I-E
is very much gratlied 10 see a disposition
upon the part of the state boards 10 en-
courage Kansas wholesale houses. The
above company. it will be remembered.
have been very successful with the state
board of charities il the last TWO or three
lettings.