The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1889-07-18

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We have, upon the surface Of our
earth, flve great oceans, viz: = The
Arctic, Antarctic, Pacific, Atlantic
and indian. None of these ever hears
the name Of "Tbe Upper Oceap.n In
fact 1t would Be Absurd 70 call tsny{of
them hy that name because the surface
of one IL no higher than that Of the
other, except some little difference ut
the Equator caused by the rapid rota.
tion ofthe Earth upon its axis. Hut as q
whole this difference IL NJ little that II
10 almost imperceptible. Therefore
none Of them could properly I've called
'.Ths Upper Ocean y But nevertheless
there IL an Upper Ocean. But where
ID this ocean to DO found : II Is to be
found everywhere 1t is mo- less than
the great ocean Of air upon whose bot.
tom we are constantly living and NOV.
ing. " '''' "s' ~ #
Whenever we give one thing the
name of another thing. we do 80 be-
cause Of the resemblapces which they
bear to each iother. D Theretore IL we
would maine the AtmO6phefe Ateer1the
ocean we must find some resemblauces
between. them. to"'ss'f3' ' "
BY carefully examining both Of these
bodies, water and air, We find that
there are many properties com mon to
both Of them. both possess the prop
erty Of buoyaucy, as either Will support
any substance lighter than itself. Both
increase In density toward the bottom;
the water, though very incompressible,
IL much denser at the bottom than at
the surface; the atmosphere In the
higher regions is 80 rare that 1t will not
support life, while near the earth 1t is
much denser. Water and cir resemble
each other even In color; this may be
shown by filling glass vessel entirely
full Of pure water, which on examina.
ton can hardly be distinguished from
common air. The ocean and air are
both of vast extent, the first covering
about three-fourths of the earth's sur
face and not exceeding ten miles In
depth, and the latter covering the en-
tire surface OF the globe and rising to
an unknown height. Neither air
breathing animals nor plants could live
without both Of these bodies. They
need one to carry nourishment through
their bodies and the other to supply
them with oxygen by means OF which
they obtain force or strength. The at.
mosphere, like the ocean, is inhabited
by many animals. The fishes OF the
sea are supplied with fins or paddles,
while the birds Of the air have wings.
These organs are very much alike, as
they are used for the same purpose In
their respective elements. Fishes have
ishing their specific gravity, and the
bones of birds are hollow for the same
purpose. Both fishes and birds have
"a 11o vuheol, ~ p,,AAorc nd 11ooA
in steering themselves. "a AN'
By the aid of mans great inventions
he has been enabled to explore both
the ocean and the atmosphere, the for.
ner In ships, the latter In balloons. II
the future euccess In the CONSTRUCTION
Of air.shipe and flying-machines be as
bright ~ the prospects now are, 1t Will!
mott be many years before men will
trAkel about In the air insteadof on the
y md or water. This, at first, would be
q very. novel, though to some not a
very pleasant, mode offtravei. The
moot striking resemblances between the
oGe4n and the atmosphere, are the
sK2ilar effects produced In each by the
action OF heat and cold. The entire
circulation of both is caused by these
two forces. The similarity between
both of these bodies expand when heat
cold. Tss., ta rars{ yr man
II the entire surface of our globe
were .of the same temperature, the
ocean of water would be In state OF
tranquility, for there would neither be
regular currents nor winds to disturb
Its surface and form waves. The at.
mosphere also would be almost quiet
o. there would be no force to set It In
motion. But AZ the water Il heated to
o higher temperature In the tropics
than near the Poles, It is made lighter
and forced either north or south by the
colder and heavier waters and thus
forms two warm , currents flowing
toward the Pole. AZ the sams time
on aceduntof the gI0st Sv6ppratiop Id
the tropics and the mes weight Of
the cold waters, : current flowing
toward the Equator is formed. Thus
two currents OF difierentl temperatnres
are constantly kept Ia motion, the
warm one flowing toward the Poles
and the cold one flowing toward the
Equator. ~
The 9reat ocean. OF air, h also kept In
motion is also heat and c6ld. Since
the oceanic cufrents Sa6d The winds
Originate from the same cause, they
must be alike both In position and di.
rection. The warm winds take the
direction toward the Poles and the cold
ones take the direction toward the
Equator, q a stss q "a,
hit were not for the rotation OF the
Earth upon its axis, the currents of
water and of air would take direct
northerIy or southerly direction. But
since the earth has not 80 great
velocity in the north and south as 1t
has near the Equator, when the cur
rents reach the Equator they lag be-
hind the Earth and appear to come
from a north.easterly and south-east-
erly direction. And the currents and
winds whose direction is toward the
Poles, having acquired high velocity
at the Equator, 60 faster than the
Earth when they proceed toward the
Poles and appear to come from the
s0uth.west and northwest.
b,o nooo n Ia o,,rso :, fo M ~,a Il, HI a for