The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1889-11-01
Educational Column.

Parents. nothing so destroys interest In
the school, room as irregular attendance
The pupils who are there every day are
kept back in their studies, as the teacher
cannot form q special class for those who
attend irregularly.
The pupils who attend irregularly do not
have interest In their studies. They find
themselves slowly falling behind the other
pupils. Indifference arises. Accordingly
they do not Ike the schooI-room. or school
work, and they take any pretext whatever
to be absent
Their absence reacts on the teacher. He
cannot take the same interest In such pu-
pills as In those who attend every day.
Irregular attendance reacts on the whole
school. See to 1t that the children are IN
school every day. 1t Is OF vital Interest to
them.
Teachers have asked what elementary
Ideas IN geography can be taught to pri-
mary pupils GO to years Of age). The fol-
lowing ought to be taught during the first
and second years. The lessons must be
oral and accompanied by map>drawing,
moulding In sand, or any other good means
OF presentation.
hchCl-4DcNclOph plhlu-
HILLTOP. slope. range, group, chain
Develop a mountain.
Valley-Deep, long, etc.
Island, peninsula, cape.
Sloping-Gradual, abrupt, long, short.
Rain-Vapor, frost. dew. etc.
Brook-Source. branches. banks, bed
current. rapid, slow-DeyeIopa riYer.
Pond-Deep, shalIow-DeYeIop a lake
Soil-Sand, clay losm, fertile, arabic, bar.
rem.
Get yourself a moulding board for your
primary scholars. by feet will do and
around the outside have a raised edge
Common white sand Is excellent. Make
your lessons oral to your chart, and nrst
reading classes.
Mould every form. Draw every form
Make your pupils do the same. They will
follow II you lead. Build the idea Of every
form into the mind as thoroughly as possi-
bic. Develop the Imagination OF the pupils
by giving them correct ideas OF mountains
rivers. lakes, level, q plain. etc. This is ele'
mentAry work. but on that account II is the
most important. It is the foundation OF al
other after knowledge.
LANGUAGE, PRIMARY SERIES
Preparatory.
l. Talking before writing" Good hab-
its OF speech are odlsoh. rather than tQ,tgkt
Simple, easy conversations should be made
the road to compositIOa-
.. Writing words and sentences. This
step should be taken nearly. II not quite as
early as the first lessons in reading The
first words taught should not only be writ
ten on the board by the teacher, but also by
the pupils on their states. Begin the SEN
tences with capitals and punctuate correct
ly.
B Copying maKius, proverbs, stauEas ot
poetry, ETC. These sholld be written o1
the blackboard and neatly copied by toe
pupils.
Give older pupils memory gems. instroc,
tive maIims, etc. TO commit to memory and
reproduce In writisg. Also let the oIds,
pupils write q paragraph on their states
daily.
4. Writing sentences expressing fact:
observed. At this point pupils construct al
well as copy sentences
This also constitutes lesson In obseryiag q
An object. as q piece OF chalk. will bring
! out from the pupil. THE chalk Is white. .
The chalk Is hard. % THE chalk Is round. .
etc. After practice let the pupils put then
together INTO one sentence. as The chalk Is
white. hard and rolnd." The aim is tC
| interest the pupils In the object and teaet
the expression OF what Is observed.
Vote. The above Is an abstract from
Supt. E. E. Whites excellent work. eIe
ments Of pedagogy.
TEACHERS OF CAMBRIA COUNTY.
II you have found something good In the
line OF teaching, anything that aids you iu
| your work. q method q derice, q uteor1 thai
Is practical. write 1t up and send 1t In FOL
the educational column. Dent be selfish
Give what assists you in your work to youI
fellow workers. 1t pays you to write ~
articles 1t develops your own power. Il
keeps you mp with the times 1t excite:
| you to better work In the schooL-room and
gives you the knowledge necessary for thai
work.
The collection taken up In the Ebensburs
schools in behalf of the food sufferer.
amounted to Spills, By rooms 1t was q:
follows No. !, s. so; No. 2, IS 90; No
| 3, s3.0 No. 4. $3.50 No. 5, S7.S6. We
are all plea Ell with the collection. 1t show.
the deep feeling OF sympathy towards thoss
who have suffered so deeply. We thanh
you, boys and girls, for your noble Response
to this call. We hope the Board OF Direc-
tors will add lIberaEy to it.
Great Eeastern Feather Rcnovafer