davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
SHORT LESSONS IN ECON
CMY. AZ

1t was stated in Lesson No. 3 that a
horse power equivalent to the muscu-
lar strength Of fifty million slaves was
required to set in motion the machinery
used III the manufacturing industries Of
the United States But the machinery
itself performs an amount Of labor
many times greater than that which
fifty million men could have performed
a century ago.
1t is not possible to estimate accu-
rately the progress made III this respect;
but it is certainly safe to say that the
average productive power of manufact-
urjng labor has been multiplied twenty
fold by the mechanical appliances now
iii use.
In other words, if the worker of a
century ago, with such tools as he
could make for himself, be taken as the
unit of productive power, the capitalist
class, who owns the present machinery
of manufacture, has acquired by the
possession of that machinery produc-
tive power nineteen times As great as
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
FEED THE CHILDREN.

-Four years ago when the Social Demo-
cratic Federation first made their pro-
posal to provide at the public cost at
least one substantial meal per day for
every child attending the "People's
Schools, a large number of well-inten-
toned but short sighted individuals
shrugged their shoulders and said g,
"Whst next" Well, to use the words
of we'll known and much abused
statesman; "A great deal has happened
since then And the proposal which
was looked upon as an emanation from
an uneyenly balanced brain, has almost
come within the range of practical
politics, Experience has taught us that
in every large town there are numbers
Of children who are continually I'M
derfed, and to teach such children
has become practically impossible.
PhilanthrOpists are for the present
trying to meet the need by subscrib-
ing sums Of money. But it does not
require an extraordinary observer to
see that just as voluntary effort failed
to supply school houses and school
teachers, so ultimately will it be discoy-
cred that the demands are 50 great
that nothing but national supply can
meet the national needs. -London Jus
tice.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
THE LOW WAGES SYSTEM.

Low wages are not confined to any
one business. 1t is very natural just
now that the miners should be impressed
with the belief that small pay is a mo-
nopoly of their misery. and the same is
true, only to less degree, in other
crafts. But the capitalist hunts through
all hooks and corners for places to teach
somebody else practical economy, and
only those individuals whose services
cannot be replaced escape his vigilant
eye. Even the national bank en-
ployes cannot avoid him, judging
from the fact that recently young fell
low who was detected in stealing $50.
600 in two years from Pittsburg insti-
tuition filled the double position of
teller and individual bookkeeper at $45
a month. That was steady employment,
six days in the week, barring legal hol-
idays. Braidwood miners averaged
nearly half that the last month they
were at work, and if one Of them had
in addition to his usual daily amount Of
coal, done a corresponding days driving
he would have expected to make as
much as that young man got as teller
and bookkeeper, and reasonably regarded
the total as starvation wages. Still an
other national bank the other day gave
the public a pointer on banking econ,
omy." The Malta Ohio bank paid
$1,000 a year to the man who was
cashier and paying teller, and after
thirteen years of service he is discovered
to have stolen enough to make his aver
age anywhere from $500 TO 81, 500
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
To the WOrhmen'S AdrOcdte :

The confusion regarding the meaning
of words periodically reduces me to
despair. | am now told that individu-
ahsm means anarchy and the devil
take the hindmost; it is the opposite of
individuality | tmn to the dictionary
for relief, wondering if other words
having like form and derivation have
opposite meanings. Perhaps socialism
and sociable are deadly enemies, try to
destroy each other. | find; individual
(adjective), not divided, or not to be
divided; pertaining to one only"
''lndividualism, qudlHy Of being iadj-
t7dUdt: excessive regard to ones per-
sOnal interest
My coat is an individual coat; it per-
tains to me and cannot be divided,
When | say socialism will promote midi
vidualism, can only mean that it pro-
notes the principle by which l possess
my coat, my books, my right to study,
make researches of any sort, possess
means, apparatus, tools, etc, necessary
to the same; or to travel, go up in bal
looms, or go fishing. If socialism would
crush these personal actions, it would
die of its own weight of folly
We cannot apply the word individu-
allty to the principle above stated. That
word refers to characteristics. 1t
means q, separate or distinct nature or
existence; ,, distinct character" Indi-
ylduallsm protects my right to 90 fish
ing. individuality refers to my pecu-
liar manner of proceeding; whether l
go alone, loving solitude, or in com
pany; whether 1 carry a bottle of milk
for refreshment. or something stronger.
Socialism will also promote colectivism.
or common ownership of what all must
use. Instead of individualism being
the antithesis of socialism," it is one
side of socialism; collectivism is the
other. If socialists pervert words. form
ing new meanings of their own, they
will effect little in agitation, seeing the
English language Is our chief weapon.
But how about the second definition:
Excessive regard to ones personal in
terest:' An individual may iealousIy
guard every right, and exact every lot
OF his dues. and do no wrong to others.
This meaning of individualism is simply
tack Of benerolence. Will you legislate it
away; Even if it be made to include
Continued on fourth page)
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03

year. OF course men are not justified
in stealing to make up their income to
what they think it should be. but the
lesson of these Incidents nevertheless, is
that banks should not trust to securing
capable and honest service for made
quate wages, nor should employers of
labor expect to get efficient work with
out corresponding compensation to the
workman. Labor Tribune.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY.


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'o'P"'"''o''' "h" '"'"''' '"e ''0'' ''"'e
''"i'g'o ''e '"t'I'a''H''V = w i'I'o i''i'
"'"2e" PIu'o'I"t'c I'oVh' ilo no longer
c'eel7 underground H"a"'il6 Par''c'
uiaF root "u' 'e"7'7 upon the money OF
every oI""'hi'l6 'hd"'lf}' 10 dfoP 'he
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
COMMUNICATIONS.

NoTcE TO CORRESPONDENTS. Write plain;
boil down" your letters; make them short
Write only on one side of the paper. Be as good.
natursd as you can be under the circum-
stanc&
To the H'orkmen'S Adrocate
Your excellent summary of the doings
of the ''lnternationals" in your leader
headed Looking Backward induces
me to hope that you will permit me to
supplement it with one which may be
termed Looking Forward"
rcommence by asserting that the So
called civilized world is now in the midst
of a more important revolution than
has occurred i'll it for thousands of
years. In proof, let me ask what is its
present condition on the subject of $50
cial order" on the right establishment
of which depends the improvement of
our race?
1t is fearful. At the present writing
there are five indicators now in the
TOmbs, condemned to death for murder
ing women.
The condition of woman is the test
of social order. Has there not been a
mighty change in that going forward
during the past century? Financial
pressure has driven her out of her
home, and she now successfully com
peteS with man in every walk of life,
Her old status is gone; what is to be her
future condition?
That is the first exhibit to prove that
a mighty revolution is going forward.
Turn to the condition of the people in
the industrial world, which for thou
sands of years has been the result of
Chattel and land slavery. Those foun-
dations have been removed and the pro.
duCers of all countries are now attack
ing wage slavery, and will surely soon
annihilate it,
That is the second proof that mighty
revolution is going forward.
The distribution of wealth under the
present financial system is so mon
strouSly unjust and so near its end, that
Wendell Phillips, who was a statesman
as well as an orator, declared, I'm fifty
| years our descendants will look on the
mllllonalres of the present time as we do
on the megatheriums and mastodon1 of
"a past age"
Our money system is built on the le-
galization OF usury and the institution
of the national debt villainy, for it de-
serves no better title.
The next European war will see the
entire collapse of it; for Russia, Turkey,
Italy, Spain and France are bankrupt
nations
This is a third exhibit that the So
called civilized world is now in the throes
of the revolution of the ages, and it
needs no gift of prophesy to foretell
that the days Of the present systems,
! governmental, social, industrial and
| financial, are numbered.
| ROBERT w. HUME.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
THE NEWSPAPER TRUST.

The New York City newspaper trust
is not one whit better than any of
the combinations which are expressing
the people to-day. When we consider
the amount the IVOrld, SIN and Times
have arbitrarily wrung from the people
during the existence of their trusts, the
attempt to reduce the wages of their
composltors is all the more reprehen-
sible.
Is there any way in which such a con-
spiracy can be punished? The only
remedy is in our own hands. With this
exhibition of greed and faithiessness,
will union men still keep right on pour
ing wealth into the Golfers of their enc
mics, or will they undertake to divert a
portion into the exchequers of their
friends? Had organized labor exerted
but portion of its strength in the
past ten years in the right direction, it
could ere this have large and intluen-
tial press Of its own. Even at this late
date it can save the remnant of labor
press which will tell the truth and 10
good to its membership, Break up the
twin sisters of tyranny and conspiracy,
the Associated Press and the Western
Union, and the printers of New York
and other cities would not he dependent
upon a half dozen newspapers for their
daily bread. -CrWtsmoh.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
THE SOC1ALlSTlC TENDENCY.

The organization of trusts and the
growth Of monopolies are assisting very
materially in the building up of social.
istic ideas in this country. Without
knowing it OF even suspecung it, we are
gradually drifting toward doctrines
which a few years ago we despised, and
which we profess to despise now. The
cry for government ownership of rail
roads and telegraphs is a socialistic one,
When the government controls cur
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
ITS RIGHT ARM.

The condition Of our banks reflects to
a comparatively small extent the prog
r"ss Of capitalism i'll industry, trade
and real estate Beyond the reserve
necessary to place an institution of
credit on basis sufficiently broad to
afford ample security to its depositors,
there il no apparent reason why its
stockholders should consent to leave
any large portion Of their profits undis-
tributed. for the mere sake of constitut-
ing surplus fund which cannot be
withdrawn during the life of the bank
and is therefore, more or less liable to
he swallowed up in times of crisis. The
presumption is, friori, that it would
pay them better, as a rule, to invest
such profits in speculations under their
own individual control.
But our capitalists are making money
so fast that they cannot always invest it
readily; and this accounts for the large
amount Of undivided profits accumu-
lated by banking institutions, OF the
- National and State Banks Of this city
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
AUGUST ), IoN9.
THE DAY IS COMING.


1t was shown here last week how the
Workingmen's International Associa-
ton, by merely submitting to it's vari-
Gus sections throughout Europe pro-
gramme of questions which their dele
gates would be requested to answer at
the international Labor Congress of
1867, awoke a spirit Of inquiry which
led i'll few years to a perfect agree
ment among the tOilers of the Old
World concerning the aims of the
Labor movement, Had the political
conditions on the other side of the At
lantic been the same as they are on this
side; had the wOrkingmen possessed in
every. European country the same right
of organization and suffrage that they
still enjoy in this republic, no one can
doubt that the United States of Europe,
firmly rooted in sociaistic constitu-
tion would now be an accomplished
fact.
Here, however, we are told every day
that vast majority Of the wage earners
of America are essentially conservatives
that they like nothing so much as to
remain poor wage workers if they can
not become rich wage-payers; and that
under no circumstances could sOcialstic
ideas of land naturalization and indus
trial cooperation prevail among them.
Let us, then, for the sake of argument,
admit the two first propositions, how
ever insulting to the common sense of a
liberty loving people. Yet we say; If
the most conservative of American
workmen, those who most earnestly
believe that they were expressly de-
signed by II "Supreme Power" to live
and die wage workers, could be induced
to meet once a week for the purpose of
discussing just such questions as were
propounded at the first annual congress
of the International, were they never to
hear a Socialist speaker. were they
never to read Socialistc argument, the
economic system of these United
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
WHAT OTHERS SAY.
FORCE AND ITS ADVOCATES.


We are among those who think Social
Democrats ought not to advocate
force, y unless they are prepared tc use
force like men and take the consequences
like men, To "advoCate force" and
then run round the corner when the
police come on the scene, as has lately
been done. ceases to be ridiculous and
becomes criminal. when the coward
knows all along that he is melting bet
ter and Drawer men to run a risk. which
his cowardice turns into a certainty, of
loss Of life and liberty. Physical and
moral courage may afford some excuse
for dangerous councils; but even men
who cut off cows tails and pour pitch
over defenCeless women can afford to
deSpiSe the wretch who eggs the igno-
rant 10 take all the risk Of an appeal to
physical force, while he himself disap-
pears into the background, ready in case
of success to take all the credit, and in
case Of failure, to advise Others to sub
scribe to the support Of the wives and
children of the victims of his calculating
poltroonery,-Loboty Elector,
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03

The press can no longer ignore the
ghastly sutferings of the Illinois miners.
Lately the papers told how a horse
dropped dead in the mining district,
and before the body was cold the raw
flesh had been literally stripped from
the bones and devoured by the ravenous
multitude Of strikers. A free trade
democratic" organ observes that dur
ing the last presidential campaign a del
egatiOn of those miners visited Harrison
at Indianapolis bearing a banner on
which was inscribed, "Protecton and
Beefsteak,' instead of which it should
have read, "Protection and HorseAesh. ="
But the fact is that in ee-trade Eng
land, as in protected America, labor is
starving. Under both systems it is
free trade in human blood that is pro-
tected.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
NOTES..

The readiness of politicians to comply
with the demands" of Organized La
Dor is only surpassed by their ability to
so devise their compliance as to defeat
the practical objects of the demands
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03

Although Organized Labor is by no
means as yet, the united body or organ.
ism that it must become before it can
achieve any great triumph, its indlvid-
ual members can show, on some occa-
sions, that they are sufficiently imbued
with the spirit of solidarity to act spon-
taneously together, as effectively as
they would by concerted action. Il is
stated, on good authority, that the par
ticipation of the World in the attack of
the newspaper trust against the printers
and newsdealers has resulted in a sud
den decrease of $1,000 in the circulation
Of the Sunday World.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03
NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.

NOTICE TO sUBSCRIBERs.-Th date
after your name upon the address label at
tached TO your PAPER is the date Of expiration
OF subscription. Thus mchS8 means that
your subscription expires with the end Of March
1885 Send your subscription money early, and
notify us Of any fault IN delivery or error on
our part.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-08-03

A correspondent Of this paper asks
why Henry George, instead of going to
Australia, where the single takers are
few and wide apart, does not 90 to the
new State of Washington, where the
people desire to preserve undivided
their common interest in State lands,
and where they might be induced to
make practical test of the single tax if
such scheme were vigorously advo-
Gated there at this time. He then sug-
gests-rather unkindly, though perhaps
quite appropriately-that George may
not want the single-tax bubble to burst
too soon.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1889-07-20
BLACKSMITHING.

am prepared to do all kinds of blacksmith
ing. Farmers work a speciality. Prices as
low as can be had for first class work. Snop
near Browning House."
DAVID LITTLE.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1889-07-20
A Lady on Flirting.

Mrs. Willing, in the Potential Woman.
would whisper. however, in each
little crimsoning ear. | hope there
is somewhere in the world somebody
for you. TO whose life your own can be
nohly and truly united ; for it is God
who "setteth the solitary in famil-
les" OF course you will never flirt.
If thought you would, believe |
would ask you to leave the room, for
| would not care to waste upon you
either thought or voice. We do not
regard marriage a sacrament, as
Romanists do, but we know it Is
quite too sacred matter TO be trfled
with. and they who suffer their novel
reading and similar nonsence to lead
them iEto careless and reckless dbdi's
de cOeor. deserve what they usually
get-a final miserable mismating.
TO poison one in the wine OF the
Eucharist was regarded. even in the
Dark Ages, as one of the blacklist of
crimes. Of what punishment is he
or she worthy who poisons the heart
through the sweet and holy conf
dence Of love?
You can tell when young man
is becoming specially interested in
you and you are verify guilty con.
cerning him. if you lead him on in
his "attentions," when it is your
cool, candid Judgment that the affair
had better not end in marriage. AS
you hope for happiness, be thorough
ly honorable.
MARKED attention" from a young
man is usually flattering to a girls
vanity and love of power. This is
simply human. They like to master
and drive dangerous horses. We all
enjoy that which gives us to think
we can do something in which others
have failed. Then, the bulk of our
light literature is devoted to the cul-
ture of the "tender passion" 1t fills
young heads with nonsense. They
come to look upon association with
the opposite sex with a view to mar
riage, as the Alpha and Omega of
life. Do not, let me entreat you,
indulge these reveries, fancieS,
whims, to the damage of your own
affectionaI nature and the peril of
that of others. Such exercises ere
like those of the cat when she lets the
mouse run a few inches, that she may
have the pleasure of bringing it down
again with her puissant paw. They
kill the mouse and make the cat fero-
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1889-07-20
Cost of the Gubernatorial Contest.

The AteHiyencer'S correspondent
at Grafton, where the Investigating
committee is sitting, sends an esti-
mate of the cost of the effort to des
fraud the people of West Virginia
out of their choice for Governor. The
people must pay about $4,000 for
this malicious mischief.
From the day the polls closed un-
til now there has never been any
reason to suppose that General Golf
was not ms honestly elected as any
De mocrat who has filed the gubernas
torial chair in West Virginia. The
point of attack was not the dishOn.
esty, but the smaIlness of the major
ity for General Gof. However Dem-
ocratic politicians may seek to dis.
guise the truth, this is the fact.
The Democratic leaders were on
the point of giving uD the contest be-
fore it was well begun, realizing that
they had no case and could succeed
only by boldly stealing the office I'M
der so thin preteXt that the dullest
could not be deceived. 1t was
thought the Democratic party would
he sure to lose more than it could
possibly gain by the fraud. But the
Democratic position had been taken,
and it was argued by the small p0li-
ticians who sat at the first table that
they must fight it out on that line.
And so they are fighting it out-at
the cost of the people. Unless a
miracle shall intervene to thwart
their plans, they will confer the Office
of Governor on Judge Fleming with
as little regard for law and right as
they showed when they snatched the
office away from General Golf and
the people who elected him.
The day of reckoning is not far off.
Those West Virginians who believe
in the rule of the majority will soon
have their opportunity. The MAJOR
ity will be big enough next time.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1889-07-20

fla man fills his place in this world
other people will know it. whether
he knows it or not. If he does not
fill his place, other penple will know
it, whether he realizes it or not. The
first thing he has to attend to, is to
fill his place as we'll as he can. The
last thing that he ought to trouble
himself about. is other peoples esti-
mate of his success in his endeayOrs.
A man can never win a good name
by worrying oyer his supposed lack
of deserved reputation. He can never
lose reputation by falling to give it
his personal attention while doing
that which he is set to do.-Sn9ddV
School Times.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1889-07-20
NUMBER 21.

cious.
l once knew a girl who had a cold,
selfish enjoyment of her power over
young men, and practiced upon them
accordingly. One of her victims was
found stone-dead with a laudanum
vial and a note to her on the stand
beside his bed. Another to whom
she was pleased to call herself sem
gagged" for while, went off to the
Western plains, and none of his
friends ever knew his fate. A third
threw himself away" upon poor,
ignorant servant girl, who had the
merit of being, at least, honest. Do
you think that young woman could
enjoy the home. the husband and the
children of her later years, with
ghosts like those peeping in at her
windows?
You may become somewhat inter.
ested in young man. and yet know
that you could not endurs TO leave
all yeuss sff4eEsls 4 =
his society for the rest of your life.
You may clothe him with the gar
ments of an ideal hero and yet your
sober judgment teels you that he
would be dreadfully insipid and tire
some, stupid or overbearing, for the
long close association of lifetime.
Then say NO." at once and end the
matter. Do not lead him along for
single hour after you have faced the
facts, as you ought to do as the affair
becomes "serious :" but, without
waiting for any formal proposal"
give him cool, quiet. gentle, but
firm reminder, that will open his
eyes. Know your own mind In the
matter, and deaf honorably with
him. Moonlight and poetry are en-
chanting, but the matter -of.fact day.
light of the long, earnest, workish
years, are the data with which we
have to deal. If there were more
honest common sense in the courting
days, there would be more happy
marriages and sweet pure homes.