davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

ward. The result would be that the surface
of the sea and land would become heated
above the temperature of the air which en-.
veloped them. As the temperature Of thil
surface was raised, it would slowly warm
the layer of air which lay next to the sur
face of the earth. On this peculiar differs
ence in the ease 81 movement with which
the direct rays proceed to the earth's sur
face and the indirect rays OF heat proceed
from it, depends all the warmth which sets
the machinery of the earth's surface in
motion, which gives play to wind and wave,
produces the machinery of the rains and
stirs the currents in every organic body
If the heat went out as easily as 1t came In,
the earth's surface would remain in every
part far below any degree of cold which
has ever been experienced BY man.
AN UNSEEN vAPOR.
As soon ss the earth's surface became
warmed above the freezing point Of water .
considerable amount of vapor Of that sub
stance would pass upward into the atmos-
phere, remaining for a time in the invisiblo
form; gradually, as the amount of vapor in.
creased, passing into the condition of cloud.
For every particle of this unseen Vapor Of
water which enters the atmosphere the re-
sistance opposed to the outward movement
of heat would be increased, while the oppo.
sition 10 the inward movement from the sun
would not be much enhanced. The result
would be that in short time the preseJ
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

graph Company had succeeded in polling
their wires that had been lying in the Cone
msugh river, and they at once rigged up a
temporary Office at the Cambria City end Of
the Pennsylvania Railroad stone bridge
entering Johnstown. This temporary Of
fee is an old coal shed.
1t may be seen in the illustration immedi-
ately adjoining The DISPATCH headquar-
ters in the rear. Into thiSdirty shed nine
operators were crowded. Later two more
were added. The quarters occupied by THE
DISPATCH are about 6x4 feet Two years
ago the shanty was pig pen. Latterly it
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

from here within the next 40 minutes
was the story of rescued man
who had foated down the river
from Johnstown 'that 1900 persons had
perished." The most dashing correspondent
of the party hesitated before he sent such an
apparently wild estimate as that out. But
how small even those figures appeared two
days later when the full enormity of the
catastrophe was first realized.
THEY FOLLOWED FAST.
Two hours later another special train ar
rived, bearing representatives. of the other
Pittsburg papers. But the meager tele-
graphic facilities at Bolivar, then crowded
with the matter of the other two papers,
prevented them from getting news
away from this point. Blairsville
Intersection, six miles below, was
also inaccessible to them on account
of the relaying then in progress. AT A.
M, the second party divided, one section GO
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

and Philadelphia, come to care for their
unfortunate sisters and to find homes all
over the continent for the many orphans
produced by the disaster.
Booth & Finn, the Pittsburg contractors,
have accomplished wonders in clearing up
some of the wreck and debris, but they off,
cially announce that it will take month
more, with 10000 laborers, to put the city
in passable condition. Rebuilding homes
and stores can scarcely be commenced on a
general scale before then: As to whether
fire and the use of dynamite will help in
this great work of cleaning up as much as
has been expected reference to our latest
news dispatches will show.
MILLIONS MORE NEEDED.
One thing is certain, and that is that the
million and more of dollars already raised
by the spontaneous liberality of the people
of the United States for the sufferers, will
hardly be drop in the bucket for placing
the sufferers on their feet. Millions more
are needed. The public clamor for an extra
session Of the State Legislature at once is
growing every day. An appropriation from
the State seems to be the real way for
quickly and thoroughly reaching the
remedy.
At this writing the work most occupying
the attention Of the people at Johnstown is
the burial of the dead. The illustrations
in this article relate particularly to that sad
duty. What has made it sadder is the
haste and decentralization with which the
burials have to be conducted. In but very
few instances are religious services helA.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

than tabulating the names of the dead.
The latter is only possible in one register,
and that is the Resurrection Book.
THREATENED BY FAMINE.
Reviewing the condition of the people
who survived the food, it can only be said
to be better in one way than it was the
morning after the catastrophe. They
have been kept from starving. But even
after this lapse Of time they are said to be
in great need. If reports be true from the
scene of operations the meat ran out as late
as last Thursday. OF course this is in all
probability replenished by this time. How
ever, there has been ample clothing dis
tributed to make everybody comfortable
from the elements. But during the first
part of the week Just ended the suffering for
proper shelter was dreadful.
It was impossible to reach such settle
ments as Woodvale and upper Conemaugh
until late in the week. There the people
were crowded together in the few houses
left standing, and had not sufficient bed
clothing to cover them, Happily all these
things are now being remedied. Under the
efficient leadership of Mr.. James B. Scott,
of Pittsburg, and with the methodical as
sistance of Adjutant Generals Hastings and
Axline, of Pennsylvania and Ohio, the dis
tribution of food and supplies is now on a
basis that promises quick and permanent
relief for all the survivors.
THE NOBLE RED CROSS.
To minister to the wants and injuries of
the people such eminent persons as Clara
Barton, the leader of the Red Cross Asso-
citation; Drs. Lea Estate Board of HEALTH,
Fields and O'Neill, of Philadelphia, with a
corps of 25 other physicians and nurses
from the Quaker City; DR.. McCann and Is
physicians from Pittsburg, and the score or
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

of the endless motion which has characters
lied it ever since the earth was quickenedI
by solar heat; then let US suppose That thel
sun again began to blaze in the frmament'
as it does to-day, and note the effect of
that central fire on the atmosphere. Passing
swiftly through the ethereal realm, the
revived sun rays would penetrate the earth's
atmosphere, then entirely cloudless, for the
reason that in the degree of cold which
would characterize the atmosphere no parti-
Gle of water would remain suspended in the
air. Passing through the realm of air, the
rays of heat would strike upon the surface
of the earth. As soon as intercepted by the
earth's surface, they would tend to fly of
again into space; but though as direct rays
of the sun they pass easily through the
atmosphere, as reflected rays they would
encounter some difficulty in passing OUT
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

went up the New York Central road to Al
bany, thence to Buffalo, thence to CleYe-
land and down to Ashtabula, reaching
Pittsburg by that route at A. M. Monday.
The World gang remained at Harrisburg
in hopes of getting through by the p r. R.,
finally took, as they supposed, the trail Of
their rivals, and went to Baltimore via
Northern Central Railroad, never dreaming
but that they could get through to Johns
town via lockwood on the B. & o. from
the East. But they were dismayed upon
finding the Potomac all over the B. &
o. tracks. They almost gave up
inadespair at Martinsburg. W. Va, lying
there whole day, and finally setting out in
wagons for mountain ride from that point
to Johnstown. They arrived in the ruined
city Tuesday afternoon, and were ioyfully
told by the Sun hustlers that the World, al
though leaving New York first, was "a
hours behind in sending news from the
scene of the food. SToFIEL.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

utilized in reaching that point. There the
youthful operator not accustomed to send
ing more than ten commercial dispatches a
day finally refused to send another line
after he had wired about 5000 words. It
was then only midnight, and the two cor
respondents were left with three columns
more of written copy on their hands. The
paper at home was willing to hold open
until A. M. If they could only get the mat
ter. But no, greenback of large denomina-
tion laid down before the boy could not in
duee him
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

papers were repre-A Reporter Just ArrtUsa.
sented by six more. Philadelphia news
papers came last with five CORE
spondents. The Associated Press and
other press associations had four or five
men on the spot. This made colony of
about 63 journalists suddenly assembled in
the ruined city of Johnstown. To-day they,
or their relief substitutes, are still there
This number will probably be increased
within the next few days by the arrival of
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

recruits from Boston and Baltimore. It may
reach rs.
OF all this large newspaper contingent
The DISPATCH and Times were the first to
start an expedition to the unfortunate city.
Therefore we are in position to know all
about the early difficulties in getting the
news of the awful calamity to the world.
The four men left the Union station with
their locomotive at 1885, They had had
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

strument rigged up hurriedly. Over 10000
words were put through from this point to
THE DISPATCH, while other staff men sta
toned in the various signal towers along
the Pennsylvania Railroad sent nearly To-
900 additional words.
By Monday the Western Union Tele-
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

! !" !. ! !" : ! : !" ]: !" ! !. !. ] !: : !. !: !.
HHHaHR7HE of the earth's surface
SlES4g5 MEeMEE dwell in either of two
8Sk1 16k1E0 elements, the water or
~ HEzSS the air. The original
N/L/1HENS&S home of the earlier
UINNSE life was in the seas.
E>NL" IN that state of being
organisms were sub
iected to but slight changes of temperature
and were exempt from nearly all Violent
movements OF the medium in which they
dwelt. The better chance of breathing
which the air affords led many forms
in the early ages to betake themselves
to the land. In that new realm, they OBJ
tanned more vigorous life for the reason
that in the atmosphere they procured
larger share Of oxygen, which brought about
a more rapid process of combustion IN their
bodies, the swifter generation Of force and
consequently higher activity in the mental
and physical machinery of their bodies.
For this profit they had to pay price; they
became subjected to sudden variations IN
temperature and to violent movements in
the aerial ocean. These movements are
known as storms. Ever since the first and
lowest animals appeared upon the earth,
they have been engaged in the battle OF LIE
with these rude accidents of the air.
We propose to set before the reader the
principal conditions which determine these
atmospheric disturbances, in order that we
may see how they originate, the mechanical
ways in which they are propagated and their
effect for good or bad on the living beings Of
the land, principally on the creatures Oh
most interest to us, the race of man.
SOLAR INFLUENCES.
All the disturbances in the atmosphere
except those local and temporary accidents
due to volcanic explosion, which, though
violent, affect but small portion of the
surface and that seldom, are due to the ao-
tion of the suns heat. If the sun were ex'
tinguished for a single year the air would
come to state of perfect repose, unstirred
by the faintest breath. Let us conceive that
in this way the atmosphere were deprived
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

of the patients brought to Pittsburg were
overheard praying for death.
The memories Will be perpetuated in the
lives of the hundreds of orphans who must
now become the wards of the charitable of
the nation. Rev. Morgan Dix, of New
York, in taking, or agreeing to take when
all are recovered, "a orphans to apportion
among some of the best families of the
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

riffs of mud and sand. Many of these en-
gines had just been built at Altoona, and
belonged to the heavy class. The road was
storing them there. waiting for rush in the
freight business. How many freight and
passenger cars were lost is not known, but
the loss in equipment will not be less than
50, 900, 900. Superintendent Miller has a
gang building temporary bridge across the
Conemaugh. They will work night and
day.
Memories of the calamity will never be
efacsd. They will live for years to cOmein
the insane asylums of the land. An Incl
dent is related by the officials in Municipal
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09
TO REOPEN THAT KEY.

On Sunday night q journey clear to Som
erset. SS miles distant, was necessary to
reach telegraph Office capableot handling
a large amount of matter. Even there an
extra operator had to behired and new in
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

no dinner, a tele-
graphic order ahead
brought sandwiches
and coffee aboard at
Blairsville Inter-
section and lanterns
at d erry. T b Q
lady tele gr a p h
operator in the sig
nal tower at Blairs-
vile Intersection
was quickly notified
to hire an extra
operator at any cost,
; because from 3, 900
to 10000 W wor d $
would swoop down
upon her within che
next three hours.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

the early estimate OF
Friday evening, May
81. Nine days and
eight t nights h a We
asse d since then.
The DISPATCH h as
kept constantly on the
scene of disaster from
six to eight reporters,
besides two and three
artists. The OF h er
Pittsburg dailies have
had from two to five
men each on hand.
New York journals
sent at least ten writ
ers and artists. Chi
cago and Cincinnati
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

Hall of man whom they saw at Johns
town on Monday last, whose portrait still
haunts them
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09
HE WAS A FATHER.

With his whole family he had gone down
in the food with the ruins of their home.
His wife and one child were drowned before
his eyes. His was one of those natures that
loves with madness. Take away the love,
and madness only remains. Brooding over
his own loss, and seeing the awful mass OF
clammy corpses around him, he had become
insane. When the Pittsburgers saw him he
had stopped short in the middle of the
street, filed his five children off in row
before him, and then he commenced, with a
series of wild gestures:
Zone, two, three, four, five! You are all
therel,
Two squares further on he stopped sud-
denly again, and went through the same
performance:
zone, two, three, four. FIVE! No more
drowned yet! Ha! Hap'
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09


Night Night! Everlasting night 1t
seemed to have descended upon Johnstown
and its surrounding peaceful towns of the
Conemaugh Valley. To the dead, to the
living, to both alike, there came but one
message-darkness There is a fitness in
all things; why not in fate? And so it hap
pened that this Message of Gloom came,
not upon Monday, the fresh and buoyant
beginning of new life; not upon Saturday,
the restful close of toll and strife; nor upon
the tranquility and sscredness of the Sab
bath; but it was written and delivered upon
q day peculiarly associated in all the worlds
history with shadows-BLACK FRIDAY.
A NIGHT OF DESPAIR.
1t was night to the dead when the roaring
waters closed their eyes. 1t was night to
the living in the whole week that has since
followed. Darkened souls have had no
light, and tear-dimmed vision no illumina-
tion, for strangely enough the six DAYS have
been six days of clouds. There has not been
sunshine across the mountain tops uninter-
ruptedly for two hours during the whole
week. Hope entirely fed. The blackness
Of despair followed. First they said ''1, 500
drowned" Then it increased to 1000
next to 5,0oo-s, ,OOO-10, ,OOO-and now they
say 200 and Is, OOOi The survivors groan.
The ties of blood and friendship link them
all to the dead! They murmur, and their
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09
CRAZEp By SORROW.

Some of the injured lying in the impro-
vised hospitals of the unfortunate town, and
in Mercy Hospital in Pittsburg, have gone
stark mad from sense of their losses. The
DISPATCH has already described how some
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09
THEIR EPITAPH.
The 10000 New TOmbS in the
COnemaugh Valley.
MANY WILL BE UNMARKED,
And Aching Hearts of Survivors
Will Make a Vale of Sadness.
REVIEW0F ALL THE FLOOD LOSSES.
What Changes Week Has Wrought Among
the Ruins at JOhnstOwn.
SOMETHING'S NEVER YET TTOLDINPRINT
MANY WILL BE UNMARKED,
REVIEWOF ALL THE FLOOD LOSSES.
What Changes Week Has Wrought Among
the Ruins at JOhnStown.
SOMETHING'S NEVER YET TOLD IMPRINT

Cd moves in a mys-
terious way
Hiswonders to per-
form;
He plants His foot
steps in the sea,
And rides upon the
storm.
Blind unbeliefis sure
to err,
And scan His work
in vain;
God is His own in
terpreter,
And He will make
it plain.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09
woFULLY UNDEREsTIMATED.

Now mark the wonderful difference from
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09
Railroads and Telsgraphs We're Made Sub
serVient to the Press.
EXPOSURE OF THE CORRESPONDENTS

HE quartet of newspaper
reporters who left Pitts
burg hurriedly on a
snecial locomotive. Fri
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09

than tabulating the names of the dead.
The latter is only possible in one register,
and that is the Resurrection Book.
Pittsburg dispatch. [volume] (Pittsburg [Pa.]) 1880-1923, 1889-06-09
HOW STORMS ARISE.
The Sun Responsible for Nearly All
AtmOspherical Disturbances.
VARIATIONS In TEMPERATURE.
A Scientific Explanation of the Action Of
Cyclones.
SOME CURIOUS FEATURES OF TORNAD0ES
VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE.
SOME CURIOUsFEATURES OF FTORNADOEs
WRITTEN FOB THE D1sPArcH.1

HE living creatures
of the earth's surface
dwell in either of two
elements, the water or
the air. The original
home of the earlier
life was in the seas
IN that state of being
The sun., 1889-12-15
" Nc and JIm.n

Half dozen Of us stood at the door OF the
Eric passenger depot in Buffalo. when we saw
q tramp bearing down upon us. There was
considerable comment on his looks. and some
guessing as to what excuse he would urge. and
as he came up one OF the boys said
Come. now. but you want to get on to Cleve-
land to see your vile die. don't your
All! recognize him at q glance" added o
second He Is the man with the ossiaed
liver"
!" No he isn't" put in third de is the man
who never recovered from the Chicago hTe."
The tramp looked from ono to the other with
very serious face. and when the laugh had
died away he said:
Gentlemen. you are all of. II you have five
minutes TO spare: please come with me-"
We followed him through the depot aud out
into the yards and thore on platform was
something covered with tarpaulin. He
gIed remains OF a man.
my, partner, Jim" no explained. "Wo've
travelled together for many year. me and
Jim. but this Is the end. We came In on the
bumpers last night. and he got q fall under the
wheels down here in the yards"
say we didn't mean TO hurt your feelings"
replied one OF tho boys.
ragged; and ignorant. but true as s!esl. and he
but no beRgar. don't want any help. but II
you feel Ike chipping In a bit for poor old Jim
I'll get him white shirt to be buried in. have
barber shave his face. and when the Coroner
orders him on to pauper'B field I'll drop few
flowers into the pine box TO take the curse on"
And mayhap the Door old tramp In his pau
pers CONN sleeps the better for what We gave.
The sun., 1889-12-15
oUR DkAp LETTER oEE1CE
Its Business Rapidly Increasing OF late
Through Forsign Mails.

hEUugH Eotohgb 1AaHas
The New York branch Of the Dead Letter
once has had its business increased very
rapidly Of lato. In one week recently. and It
was not an extraordinary week, 95 bundles,
containing 25.092 pieces Of all sorts, were sent
from here to the Dead Letter ONCE.
Most Of our increased work is due TO for
eiEners" said an official yesterday. News
papers and packages Are wrapped in the
flimsiest paper that is made abroad. / guess,
and fastened often with scaling wax. The
packages are tossed into mail bags on the
other side, and partly in consequence OF fric-
tion and moisture from the air the wax is
broken and tho wrappers are torn of, On the
arrival OF the mail bags In the New York Post
Office nearly nine-ienths OF the newspapers
nre without suDerscriptions
Stronger and thicker paper should be used
ior wrapbere and mncilsEe is better gum
little fault to find In this respect
The bost way. however, to insure news
paper reaching itR destination is to put the
superscription on tho newspaper itself as well
hoo Ss on the Wrapper, n fact, this course has
ofton comply with the, rule, Tho French, Ger
man, and Russian malls are Q terror to US.
the Dead IeoP 0pe See frSm tho
NeW eo 66 HSrk office, but this year there @ will be
or M have sS2ps 1 2So nqnsss
ages that have not been received. and In nine
cases out OF ten 1t is impossible to make peo-
plo who complain Of the loss Of lettors believe
that they have probably misdirected them.
Some OF the most picturesque language over
hoard In my life has poured through that little
complaint window"
Z" Do people report back to you after they
have found that letters wore received which
wero supposed to be lost2"
Rarely, But we lcarn from the Postmasters
where tho letters or packages were sent wheth-
er they were received and called for. With
Do the Postmasters reply to inguiriesw
It's teat OF patience to get some OF them
to reply. We writo to them again and again. In
systom is not perfected yet. but 1t is constantly
improving"
The sun., 1889-12-15
TIE Lead Orc Ruling.

To TIE EDITOR OF The SUN-Sir: am ad-
vsed by teeRrams from Denver that orders have beon
given to shut down the Henrietta and Maid mino at
Leadvile on Jan and that the force OF miners 10 al
ready being essened preparatory to that end This 10
the most serious blow to the Rocky Mountain mining
secretary windom'S ruling the Mexican lead ore i'm
portatona not quite two months ago For over year
past the Henrietta and Maid mne supplyin the
keep the smelters at Leadvie and in southwest
Colorado In operation. It has not been profitable but
in the hope that the Secretary Of the Treasury
under q Republican protective tariff Administration
would mako ruling in spirit of protection that would
enable them to Ret along better Mr.. D. sheedy PreS
dent of the Globe smelnE and Refining Works of Den
ago that Il vas puSlic Charity for the usnrietS and
Maid mine 70 fur fTrnah him With ore fSs mis- wSrhS be.
s of h re-
Having been treated to an adverse ruling the mine
owners no prospect Of its becoming any more
Indirectly viii thrown out Of smpioS
ms1 TSsy eS%Dr,e %nsrr ordnHry rail-
works At low estimate iouOO0 personS In Colorado
q Rs IL M !. T4
dscren1sd Investor. in those roads a the East will
tSins and their principal business has been to haa tho
out 70 S Es : @ s: n 9G
Il not improbable that there will 6e business fail
SsrtainIy aaSes ali SodsTs Of fAirOSd and Ws.tsra
Sna 70 Wit 81
S9ou TO b. th,Swn out II HorG Snd they
gagged IN Other lines The production Of gold and silver,
viii Ss Gu! !es ye SSa
Pra saS Which have reqsiysa from
sS. hu
for sd % 80 has M ssar s
yolyed i. b. CoNoyKR