davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
HEROISM AT HOME.

How useless our lives seem to us some
timesl How we long for sn opportunity
to perform some great action. We be-
come tired of the rUuIlEe of home life,
and imagine we would be far happier in
other scenes. We think of the life's
great battlefield and wish to be heroes
We think of the good We might do if
our lot had been cast in other scenes.
We forget that the world bestows no
such titles as noble as father, mother,
sister or brother. Ia the sacred pre-
cincts of home We have many chances of
hero,sm. The daily acts of self denial
for the good Of q loved one, the gentle
word OF soothing for aDOther's trouble,
the care for the sick, may all seem as
nothing. vet who can tel! the good they
NAV have accomplished? Our slightest
word may have an Influence over another
for good or evil. We are daily sowing
the seed which Will bring forth some sort
of harvest. Well will it be for rs if the
harvest will be one we will be proud to
garner. If some one in that dear home
can look back IN after years, and, as he
tenderly utters our name, say: ''iler
words aud example prepared me for a
life OF usefulness, TO her L owe my pre-
sent happiness" we may well say: 81
have not lived in vain. National Pres
hyterian.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
BUILDINGgA HOUSE I'm SAMOA.

The negotiations between the skilled
and willy carpenter and the prospective
Samoan house owner would amuse, but
hardly meet the approval of the business
man of today. Under the propitating
influences of kava, the necessary presents
are produced to induce the carpenter to
undertake the construction of a house.
1t is begun at once, without any terms of
agreement, and the work advances until
the carpenter thinks more presents uec-
essary, and he ceases work. Additional
gifts being made. the carpenter continues
the construction until he deems it nee
essary to demand another contribution,
when he again stops work. If the con-
tribution is not forthcoming, labor is
suspended on the incompleted house,
never to be undertaken for completion
by another of the craft; aud forever
afterwards it remains unfinished and
public reproach to the good name of the
unfortunate owner, who, at the time OF
its beginning, not knowing what may be
the ideas of the carpenter as to the cost
of its construction, must either call upon
the community for aid, which is gener-
ally freely extended, or suffer the humilia-
ton of this unfinished monument
fury.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN DESERT
Australian travellers state that the utter
ior of Australia is by no means the
desert it has long been supposed TO be.
Though now appropriated, it is pronoun
ced capable of supporting large popu-
latlon. Gold has been found there, and
tie travellers brought home stories Of
vast pasture lands, abundant water, and
finally of deep blue lakes, at least one of
which Is of large and as We. unknown ex
tent. 4 great railroad is to extend
across the continent from north to south
through the eastern part of the country
once supposed to be desert. 1t is
predicted that the desert will disap-
pear as that in America has gone.-Chi-
cage Tribune.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

RATS IN New LIGHp.-I have seen
and handled pair of tame rats belong
ing to some young friends, and prettier
more playful and more intelligent pets
could not be imagined. They were &C
customed to run about the table at meal
times. They never stole food; but when
anything was offered them they sat on
their hind legs, held the morsels between
the fore paws, and ate daintily.
They were fond of game which I saw
them play. The rats were put into the
the boys cap, which was hung on the
hatstand in the hall. The boy and his
sister then went to the top of the house
and whistied. At the sonnd of the
whistle the rats jumped out of the cap,
scrambled to the floor, and then ran up
stairs and perched on their owners
shoulders.
The general idea of the rat is that it is
an i'll savored animal dirty in its person
and revolving in its diet, whereas it is
delicately clean IN person and equally
dainty in its food. 1t is ever washing
itself and never eats without washing
itself afterwards. Pail Mall Gazette.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

4 STRANGE FAMILY.-A very remark
able freak of nature exists on the farm
of Mr.. II. Carter, concession s, lot 20,
township Of Tecumseh, county of LIN
coin. Bond Head postoffice. On Sun
day, a COW belonging to Mr.. Carter gave
birth to two lambs and calf. He is
respectable farmer, who would not under
any circumstances be guilty of an at
tempt to palm off a fraud on the public.
and the issue has been seen by scores of
his neighbors. The attendant circum-
stances were such as to leave no shadow
of doubt on his mind as to the correct
ness of the statement. The lambs are to
all appearance perfect but larger than
ordinary. The calf male is also per
feet. The expression in the faces of .he
lambs has a PECULIARLY, while consider
able hair is mixed among the wool, both
III the fleece aud on the legs. Mr. Car
ter has already refused an offer of $500
for the dam and family. Mr. Ed JEFF,
lecturer on Agriculture for Ontario, and
many others have been visitors. So far
as known there is no parallel case on
record. Toronto Globe.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

A Hor DAY.-The hottest day that l
ever experienced was during the summer
of 1859, while aboard ship at Key West
Fla The sun beamed down upon the
deck of tho vessel and seemed to be SO
close that it would almost raise blisters.
The fires had gone out in the kitchen and
as I was hungry. Iprocured several fresh
eggs and put them on the deck. The
deck was covered with pitch, which was
boiling with the heat from the SUM- In
less than five minutes my eggs were
cooked hard. This story may seem in
credible, but it is true.-St. Louis Globe
Democrat.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

A LARGE GUS.-A tremendously large
gun Of some 200 tons is being bnilt a.
the Woolwich arsenal. It's projectile is
to weigh two tons, and when it is mount
ed on some point of the English coast,
it is expected to drop into the sea 4, 900
Of shrapnel every five minutes to a dis
lance fifteen miles. This will make an
invasion more than ever 6 thing of the
future, when the English channel can be
swept of the shores nearly all the way to
France.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
|S}II3'

the Threshing Machines then
in use were almost wholly of
the class known as the Endless
Apron" style. Then it was that
Nichols & Shepard, of Battle
Greek, Mich. ,inventedandbegan
to develop an entirely new and
novel style of Grain Thresher and
Separator, which theyveryappro-
priately named the vibrator"
1t was a revolution in Thresh-
ing Machines, and from a small
beginning of five machines in
1853 they soon reached a pro-
duct of 1000 yearly.
Their Vibrator drovethe end
less Apron" machine out of mar
ket, and all other makers copied
it as closely as they dared. To-
day all Threshing Machines of
any reputation or merit use the
principles of the old Vibrator.
Nichols & Shepard have con-
tinued in the business without
change of name, location, or
management; and during the
past three years have brought
out and developed another new
Threshing Machine for grain and
seeds, as superior to all existing
machines as their former was to
the Endless Apron They name
this new and improved Thresher
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

81 am little 1 know, but 1 think l can
throw a weight of hundred ton" So
sang a proud banana peel. But DR..
Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are quite as
powerful in meeting with and overthrow
ing disease. If you have rush of blood
to the brain, dizziness, headache, consti-
patton, indigestion, or biliousness, buy a
dose.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
CnNsUpTToN sTTRELy oURFD

To THE EDIToR-Please inform your readers
that have positive remedy for the above
named disease. By its timely use thousands of
hopeless cases have been permanently cured.
sumption il they viii send me their express
and post Office address Respectfully, Ilocts%
T A. SLOCUM VI. Z. Isl Pearl ST.. New York.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
BUCKL1N'S AkNICA SALNE,

The BEST SALvE in the world for Cuts.
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum.
Fever Sores, letter, Chapped Hands,
ChilbiaiDs, Corns, and all Skin Eruptions.
aud positively cures Piless, or no pay
required. It is guaranteed to give per
feet satisfaction of money refunded.
Price % cents per box. Fer sale by Il.
Hiurichs.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
GATHERED ROSES.
We thought her dying when she slept
IL - =. L.. Ii

And sleeping when she died.
But the bltterest string of such sorrow
g to think she might have been saved
They saw the rose fade on her cheek and
the eye grow dim. Had they but known
of DR.. Pierc's Golden Medical Discovery
who can tell but she might still be with
them, the sunshine of their home. Take
the remedy in time, and you find that
consumption (Which Is scrofula Of the
lungs) can be cured.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

IL the use of Ayers Sarsaparilla, you
need have no fear of arsenical poison,
this medicine being entirely free from
all dangerous drugs. It's powerful eff
fects are due to the skillful combination
of the best ingredients, and hence no i'll
results ever follow its use,
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

FORCED TO LEAVE HoME.-Over 60
people were forced to leave their homes
yesterday to call for free trial package
of Lanes Family Medicine. If your
blood is bad, your liver and kidneys out
order, if your constipated and have head
ache and an unsightIy complexion. don't
fail to call on any druggist to-day for a
free sample of this grand remedy. The
ladies praise it. Everyone likes it.
Large sized package 80. 1uov SO
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
REASONS
Why Ayers Sarsaparilla is
preferable to any other for
the cure of Blood Diseases.

Because no poisonous or deleterious
ingredients enter into the composition
of Ayers Sarsaparilla.
Ayers Sarsaparilla contains only
the purest and most effective remedial
properties.
Ayers Sarsaparilla is prepared with
extreme care, skill, and cleanliness.
Ayers Sarsaparilla is prescribed by
leading physicians.
Ayers Sarsaparilla is for sale
everywhere, and recommended by all
frst-class druggists.
Ayers Sarss parilla is a medicine,
and not beverage III disguise.
Ayers Sarsaparilla never fails to
effect a cure, when persistently used,
according to directions.
Ayers Sarsaparilla is highly con-
centrated extract, and therefore the
most economical Blood Medicine in tie
market.
Ayers Sarsaparilla has had sue
cessful career of nearly half century,
and was never so popular as at present.
~ Thousands of testimonials are on
file from those benefited by the use Of
Ayers SarsapariIIa.
PREPARED BY
Or. J. c. Aver & Co., Lowell, Mass.
Price 81 , six bottles, 8. Worth 80 bottle.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

ONE WAY TO CHAR THE SCORE.-Two
gentlemen were walking on T street re-
Gently when one said:
Lets cross the streets. There comes
a man TO whom owe some money, and
I don't want 20 meet him"
''Does he dim you"
''No: that's the worst of it. He never
speaks Of it,
After they had crossed oyer. the debt
or walked some distance IL thoughtful
silence. Then he said seriously:
II wish that man would get mad about
Il and so at me with club. I cant pay
him The money, and I wish be would
thrash me Ike fury and settle the matter
80 that I wouldn't ever be afraid again to
meet him. Washington Post.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
II AL " 4 ID MIL
HOUSE.

Dir. WARNER-Dear. Sir: I will say
that White Wine of Tar Syrup is one of
the best remedies | have ever tried for
coughs and colds. and will therefore re
commend it highly, and I will always
have it in my house as family medicine
Rev. G. q. KATTsHoEg.
Stanton, Iowa. n
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
'hrolgl Pal2C3 Sleeping and PaIiT Car LII
BETWEEN
CHICAGO aad hELLVV y UE&EE.

Phr9lgl Pal3C3 Sleeping and P3Ii9H Car LII
BETWEEN
CHICAGO aad hELLW = UE&EE.
Appleton, WaUsau and Ashland,
THE GOGEBIC, TEN0hEE AND MONTREAL
IRON AND MINERAL RANGES,
Hurley, lroawood, Eessemer and Wakefield,
SUPERIOR AND DULUTH,
And the Manufacturing Ceutcrs and Lum-
boring Districts of Central and Northern Wis
consiu,
sAeboyEar. NEaa5towoc. Ea.uhauna,
appleton and. " s.UEau-
Special Inducements and Facilities offered for
the location of Manufacturing CsrahliShm, mis-.
Close connections at New London Junction
Crosse, ST. Paul and MiuEoapO and the north
west.
At AGELA1yD and DULUTH for
NORTHN PACIFIC AND PACIFIC COAST
POINTS.
TO SPORTSHEN ne III G nl9st co Josop,s
fer Bass and MuskUGonee in the Northwest
are ali reached by this Tine
GOGEBIC LAKE. THE EAGLE WATERS,
PELICAN LAKE,
The ontonagon, Brute and other Trout Streams.
Guide Books. Maps, Time Cards and fun iufor-
nation furnished on application to the
Gen'l Passenger ana Ticket AGENT.
c. /. RYpsR, GcnI Act. ilII Clark street,
A.W RUSSELL, CityPNTAEtj CHICAGO.
Milwaukee City Office, so Wisconsin St
II. +. wHlTCONB, ERNEST NLIET.
General Manager. Acting G. =. Agt.
MILWAUKEE,. WIS.
Tfany dealer saws he has the w l. douglas
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
WHAT ATS YOT2

Do you have dull, heavy headache, oh
struction of the nasal passages, dischar-
es falling from tie head into the throat,
sometimes profuse, watery, acrid, at
others, thick, tenacious, mucus, puru-
lent, bloody and putrid; eyes weak,
watery, and inHamed; ringing III the ears
deafness, hacking or coughing to clear
the throat, expectoration of offensive
matter. together with scabs from ulcers;
voice changed and nasal twang; breath
offensive; smell and taste impaired; is
there Il sensation of dizziness, with men
tai depression, hacking cough and gen.
eral debility? If you have all, or any
considerable number of these symptoms,
you are suffering from Nasal Catarrh.
The more complicated your disease has
become, the greater tie number and
diversity of symptoms. Thousands of
cases annually, without manifesting half
of the above symptoms, result IN con-
sumption, and end in the grave. No disease
is so common, more deceptive and dan,
gerous, less understood, or more uDsnc-
cessfully treated by physicians. The
manufacturers of DIR. Sage's Catarrh
Remedy offer, in good faith, reward
of $500 for case of this disc ase which
they cannot cure. The Remedy is sold
by druggists, at only so cents.
WoMEN BnACLsMITHs.-It is consider
ed improper for women to work under
ground in a coal mine, writes Dudley
(England) correspondent. Is 1t not
equally wrong for them to toll as black
snithsl The scenes that occur in the
smithies, especially in summer time, are
quite opposed to the accepted notions OF
decency. The heat is intense. There
are the forge fires, the red hot pieces of
iron and above all, the tremendous labor
Of hammering out the iron. Even in
wintrv weather, with the snow on the
ground, l have seen women perspire At
their work. In the summer it simply
results in gn indecent abandonment OF
clothing. The fellahin of Egypt are
better clothed than the women III
smithy's shop on a mldsummers day.
Then to bring the olive hammer down
with greater force, it sometimes happens
that two or three persons will spring on
the treadIe at once. This is generally
done by boys and girls. They stand as
close as possible, hold each other by the
waist, and simultaneously spring with the
right foot on the treadle. 1t is hardly
necessary to add that the standard OF
morality is not high among the members
of this trade and would undoubtedly be
much imoroved if the women were de-
barred from such work. Whether the
men alone could earn enough to keep
them is a question not so easy to answer
thought there can be no doubt that their
wages would greatly increase but for the
competition of their wives and their sis
tiers. Philadelphia Telegraph.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

Dislocation. Joliet Ill, May "a, lsss.
DixloeAted shoulder years ago, condnsd
week, TO house; the pain was cured By 81 Jacobs
OIL and have had no return OF it, J. D. BROWN.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

knee-Cap Hurt. Hall Ind, Aug. 10. 1888.
Knee-cap hurt AID suffered months; 3
bottles Of st. Jacobs oil permanently restored me
c. G. McM0RaIS.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
Fresh, Strong, Convincing Facts.

Best Results. East Providence r. l. June IS
While in the employ of the BArstow Stove Co.
applied your St. Jacobs OIL TO many bsd burns Of
the mouldsrs, and always with best results.
GEO. W. HORTON.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

leo LADIES WANTED,-And 100 men
- call on any druggist for a free trisl
package of Lanes Family Medicine, the
great root and herb remedy, discovered
nv Dr.. Silas Lane while in the Rocky
Mountains. For diseases OF the blood,
Iiver and kidneys it is positive cure.
For constipation and clearing up the
complexion 1t does wonders. Children
like it. Everyone praises it. Large size
package 50 cents. at all druggists. lnovS9
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06
A'MISSOURI MINISTER.

DIR. G. D. WARNER-Dear Sir: This
is to certify that L have used nearly a
bottle of your White Wine of Tan Syrup,
and I can safely and conscientiously re-
commend il to any person as the best
medicine [ have used for throat and
ling diseases, and if 1t cost S. bottle
[ would keep it Oh hand if Was able.
Elk Mills, No. ELDER t. STEPHENS.
7 WILL ALWAYS KEEP IT IN MY
HOUSE.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

Ladder Fell. Galveston, Texas, June IS, 1855
Fell from ladder; bruised and spratnsd my foot
and wrist. suffered Eve days; was cured by ST.
Jacobs Oil JOSHUA " TTETH-
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

Horse-kick Ozark o., June rs, 1883.
Suffered weeks from the kick of horse; had0
a. cane. two bottles St. Jacobs Oil cured me
- N~Ns' W. z c HERTZ.
The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1889-06-06

THE boy stood on the burning deck,
Whence all but he had fed;
He saw amid the cargo's wreck
i box, and. calling, said:
"Say, father, say if may sit
Upon this box and waltz"
And then without his sire's permit,
Down on that box he safe.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1889-01-03
Tribute of ReSOect.

John A. Heitgen is no more. He
will never hereafter again answer to
company roll call. He has yielded
obedience to the call of the Chief of
the Universe.
An allwise Providence has re-
moved him from our midst. There
fore be it resolved by San Antonio
Fire Company No. l:
l. That in the death of John A.
Heitgen this company has sustained
an irreparable loss; that society at
large is deprived of useful and true
member and the family of the de-
ceased mourus the loss of an affection
ate and kind husband.
2. That the members of this COM
pany join the distressed family of the
deceased in lamenting with them
in their great bereavement and the
sympathies of this company are here
by sincerely extended to them.
3. That these resolutions be spread
upon the minutes of this company and
furnish a certified copy thereof, under
the seal of this company, to the FAM
lily of the deceased and that the SAN
ANTONIO LIGHT be requested to pub
lish the same.
III. COLLMANN, Foreman.
ALT. G. SCHILD, Secretary.
ED. BRADEN, SR.,
F. KRIsCH, SR.,
ALT. G. SCHILD,
Committee.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1889-01-03
Robbery and WouId-be Assault.

COLUMBIA, S. c., Jan. 3.-James
Sistrunk and James and Samuel
Green, three desperate negroes, at
tempted Tuesday night, to rob and
murder the family of J. E. Brit, a
planter in Barnwell county. After
robbing the smoke-house and store
room of a large quantity of provisions,
Sistrunk entered the bedroom of Miss
Leonora Brit, aged II, and attempted
to assault her. Her screams aroused
her father, who was repeatedly
knocked down by Sistrunk as Mrs.
Brit and her daughter chung to the
negro, and the three fell down stairs.
Here the Birts were reinforced by two
large foxhounds, which tore Sis
trunks legs from his hips down, but
he was slowly making his escape,
when Miss Brit felled him with a
board, and ended the fight.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1889-01-03
Accounts of Emin.

SUAKIM, January "a sergeant
who belonged to the old Egyptian
army has arrived at Suakim from
Khartoum. He states he left the lat
ter place November 23d, and at that
time Emin Pasha had not been cap
tured by the Mahdi's forces, but had
repeatedly defeated the Dervishes
in Bahr-El-Ghazel province. The Off
GERS at Suakim who are personally &C
quainted with the sergeant, know that
he is trustworthy and believe his in
formation concerning Emin Pasha is
true.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1889-01-03
The Oklahoma Chalmers.

KANSAS CITY, Mo-, January "a
letter has been received at Arkansas
City, sKas., from Springer, Pottawa-
toni county, Oklahoma, stating that
the town was laid out December 18th,
and the Indian Territory cattlemen
elected the town officers. December
18th, fourteen Oklahoma boomers
were captured by Lieutenant Ma
comb and posse of twenty Indian
scouts. And two days later, the
boomers were released on orders from
some superior authority, and they are
now. in the promised land" and
have taken up claims. The band
was headed by Captain Summers,
government freight agent at Oklaho-
ma station, and he and his followers
propose to hold Springer at all odds.
December 10th the population
of the place was not more
than fifty, but December
81, it was az least five thousand. De-
;ember q, John Goodwin and Byron
Dennis, of Canton, Kansas, while go
ing down the Arkansas river in the
Usage nation, were fired upon by a
band of Osages, and Dennis was killed
aud Goodwin badly wounded. The lat
ter left the boat and escaped.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1889-01-03
4OfPERFORMERS.}4C
NEW STARS EVERY WEEK
Good Order and Polite Attention.
Everybody Welcome.
The Colonel Promoted.

There is a popular Colonel in this
city who boards out and he keeps on
the good side of his landlady. As an
additional precaution he sometimes
tips the servants and as a result he is
always we'll and promptly served.
Recently there came new waiter, a
" blarsted Britisher" who knew not
the Colonel and he Jared in the ordi-
nary way. He limited at the change
to the landlady who gave pointer to
the servant that was not much attend
ed to. Next day she repeated her in
structions more forcibly, and I'M
known to the waiter, followed her to
the kitchen to see whether she obeyed
them. She was astOnished to hear
the waiter cry out to the cook: zone
breakfast for Jesus Christ" That
settled it, the Colonel got good
meal
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1889-01-03
A Stout ProhibItionist.

BosToN, January Ex-Governor
Ames sent in his usual message to
the legislature today. He advises
the early submission to the people of
the prohibition amendment, and ad-
vocates penalties for the violation of
the liquor laws. He thinks it would
be wise to substitute imprisonment
for fines.
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1889-01-03
Weather Bulletin.

WASHINGTON, Jan. Solicitations
for Eastern Texas: Rain in south
ern portions, fair in northern portions.
Slightly warmer, variable winds, gen.
orally northerly along the coast.
For Arkansas: Fair, slightly warm
er, variable winds.