The Iola register. [volume] (Iola, Allen County, Kansas) 1875-1902, 1889-06-14
THAT FATAL DAM.
The Opinion Of IN Expert ~ to Its Safety
and Proper Construction.

The Opinion Of IN Expert % to Its safety
and Proper Construction.
JoHNsrowN, Pa. June "a n Well.
ington. one Of the most noted civil enRin.
sers Of the country, and E. p. Burt, asso-
ciate editor Of the Engineering News of
New York, have just completed an exam.
ination Of the dam which caused the great
disaster here
Wellington states that the dam was in
every respect Of inferior constr uction and
Of q kind wholly unwarranted BY good
engineering practices of thirty years ago.
Both the original and reconstructed
dams were OF earth only with
no hesrt wall, but only riprapped
on the slope. The original dam,
however, was made in rammed and
watered layers, which still showed dis
tinctly in the wrecked dam. 1t was
better than the new and greatly
added to its stability, but it was
to all appearance simply dumped in
like an ordinary railroad filL or. IL
rammed, shows no evidence of good effect
from it. Much of the old part is standing
intact while adjacent parts Of the new
work are wholly carried of. There was
no central wall Of puddle or masonry
either in the new or old dam. 1t has been
the invariable practice Of engineers for
thirty or forty years to use one or the
other in building high dams Of earth. 1t
Is doubtful IL there is single other dam or
reservoir in any other part of the United
States Of over fifty feet high which lacks
this central wall. The reconstructed dam
also bears the marks of great ignorance
or carelessness in having been made
nearly two feet lower in the middle than
at the ends. 1t should rather have been
crowned in the middle which would have
concentrated the overflow, il it should
occur, at The ends instead of the center
Had the break begun at the ends, the cut
of the wafer would have been SO gradual
that little or no harm might have resulted.
Had the dam been at once cut at the ends
when the water began running over the
center the sudden break of the dam would
have been at least greatly diminished,
possibly prolonged, so that little harm
would have resulted. The crest of the old
dam had not been raised in the reconstruc.
tion of 1881.
Wellington said that no engineer of
known and good standing for such work
could possibly have been engaged on it,
since i'm the particulars mentioned it vic.
lated the most elementary and universally
understood requirements of good prac-
tice. He did not believe that any other
dam of equal height had ever been con-
structed in this country wholly of earth
without some kind of special protection
against leakage or abrasion by water in
the center of the dam. The estimates of
the original dam indicated that it was
made of about half earth and half rock,
but if so there was little evidences of it in
the broken dam. The riprapping was
merely a skin on each face, with more or
less loose spauls mixed with the earth.
The dam was y feet above the water, to
l inside slope, X to l outside slope,
20 feet wide on top. The rock through
out was about one foot below the
surface. The earth was pretty good
material for such a dam if it was to be
built at all, being of a clayey nature, max.
ing good puddle. To this the fact of its
standing intact since 1881 must be as
cribed, as no engineer of standing would
have ever tried to so construct it The
fact that the dam was a reconstructed one
after over twenty years. abandonment
made it especially hard on the older part
of the dam to withstand the pressure of
the water.
At South Fork dam the community is in
wild state of excitement as a result of
the food. The blame of the entire affair
has been placed upon the South Fork
Hunting and Fishing Club, and so
angry are some of the people that
trouble is feared for w. s. Boyer, SUI
perintendent of arrangements on the
lake. Some Of the cottages have been
broken into by marauders and the furni-
ture demolished. The boats owned by the
club have been stolen in broad daylight
and reduced to kindling wood by the in
furiated crowd.