St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1889-10-25

to it. The shorts is little else than the
finest bran, and contains only small
amount of the fioury particles which
was the characteristic feature of shorts
made by the old process of grinding,
before machinery was perfected so as
to rub the last grains Of starch and
gluten from the inner surfaces of the
bran, and to pulveriZe all the embryo
of the grain into flour. The amount of
bran and shorts fed in the state, and the
amount shipped out, could not be salts
factOrily estimated. While our farmers
are rapidly Increasing the home demand
for these valuable feeds and fertilizers,
much more than half that produced in
the state goes to Wisconsin, Iowa, Illi-
nOiS and states further eastward, where
the farmers would hardly know what to
do without it for feed and fertilizers.
The screenings are separated from
the wheat, sometimes by the farmer, by
the country elevator or by the terminal
elevator, but more frequently by the
mill. In fact, most of the wheat must
be cleaned at the mill, even if cleaned
by both the farmer and the elevator,
mainly on account OF the lack of suit
able machinery for cleaning in the
country. Screenings are constantly
gaining in popularity with farmers tor
feeding to all kinds of stock. Even
horses are found to do nearly as well on
screenings costing 81 per ton, as on
oats, worth in the market two or three
times that sum. Ground screenings
have proved most excellent and ecOnom-
ical food for cows, as is asserted by
many dairymen in the vicinity Of the
Twin Cities, who mainly depend upon
this source of supply for grain feed.
cd lNar
screenings, with only an occasional feed
of wild hay to prevent securing. which
happens where the screenings contain
too large proportion of ''rust
ed Or. frOsted' wheat. ThirtY-five
thousand Montana sheep were fed
at one suburb between st. Paul and
Minneapolis in this way the past winter
and fine profits were made. FlOcks OF
5000, more or less, were fed at other
places in the state. Wheat farmers in
the northwest part OF the state are
coming to look largely to wheat screen
lngs as feed for hogs, and not only
stock hogs thrive on it but it serves
well for ripening hogs for market.
making most excellent meat. Nothing
is better feed for poultry than wheat
screenings, and all enterpriSing farmers
in sections where much wheat is grown,
produced mainly by this feed. For ali
animals, unless it be poultry and sheep.
the screenings should be ground, pref
erably with a roller mill, so that all
weed seeds are destroyed. If ground
screenings are fed to sheep they are in
jured by the large amounts OF dust
which collects in their nasal passages.
So large had been the amount of
screenings in the mills of Minneapolis
during the past year or two that the de-
mand has not equaled the supply.
Some enterprising millers have adopted
the plan of grinding the screenings in
bur or roller mills, and running this
meal through a ''reel," separating it
into ''fiour of the screenings" and
cookie BRAN" This flour of screen
ings" is run into the bran or shortS,g gen.
orally the latter, increasing the output
of that higher priced by-product, and
the ''cockle bran'' is sold to local feed
ers at from 50 to SIS per ton. Other
mills, as the PillSbury a, the Minneap-
oils mill, and the st. Paul roller mill,
continue to grind their screenings with
roller or bur mills, and sell the meal at
about two-thirdS the price of bran and
shorts.
TO prevent tie shipping of screenings
which now accumulate in terminal ele-
vatorS and city mills, far better way
than feeding them to sheep in the cities
and towns, where the manure is already
wasting, or to mix them into the shorts,
is for farmers to not ''Shlp the wheat in
the dirt" With the improvements now
being made in cleaning mills adapted to
use on farms and in country elevators,
there is no excuse for the farmer vast
Ing three or four pounds of screenings
per bushel in average wheat by the
system of dOckage now in vogue. Far
mers can, by little preparation, clean
their wheat for considerably less than
one cent per bushel, and country ele-
vators, by placing proper machines in
their elevators, can clean it for them at
less than one-half cent per bushel.
Those who grade wheat seem to have so
gotten into the habit of counting some
thing '.off" for dirt, even if wheat is
nearly clean, that shippers are not en-
codraged to clean their wheat well,
while the tendency should be the other
way. Screenings vary so greatly in
composition (see table ~ and in value
that the judgment of the buyer must be
exercised in each purchase. The same
is true in buying screening meal" and
''cOckle BRAN"