davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01
What Crops Take from the Soil.

Nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid
are the three elements of plant food
that are most generally supplied to the
soil in the form of fertilizers or barn
yard manures. The following table in
dicates the number of pounds FOR dec
imals of pound) of each of these ele-
ments that are taken out of the soil by
the crop named. Nitrogen is called
worth twenty-one and one-fourth cents
per pound, phosphoric acid nine cents
per pound and potash seven and one
half cents per pound; but these elements
can often be bought in some form at
less than this price. 1t is calculated
that in some of the crops only fraction
of the nitrogen need be returned to the
soil, as the rest is derived from the soil
and atmosphere. In practice, half the
quantity of potash is also enough to
supply, but phosphoric acid being so
deficient in nearly all soils, the full
amount taken out by the crop should
be returned in the form of manure or
fertilizers.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01

cut in the ice. Cattle will plainly mani
fest their dislike for such water, es-
pecially on a cold, stormy day. Does any
one think il better for cattle to drink
such water than water warmed to sixty
degrees or SOP Few troughs are free
from ice, especially where water is
pumped into them. Water is always
left, and so ice is formed in the bottom
of the trough. 1t can not be chopped
out clean, and pieces will be leftto float
when the trough is again filed. And
in case of running water it is not easy
to keep the trough clear from ice un-
less the water is more than ordinarily
warm and is well sheltered. Writers
seem to ignore this.
Again, some things have been written
about cattle drinking tepid water which
seem rather thoughtless. On many
days in summer the temperature of the
air is eighty to ninety degrees in the
shade. Water, either running in brooks
or standing in ponds where the sun
shines upon it, gets very warm. If
the reader has ever drank such water,
or tasted it, he knows how insipid it is.
But did he ever know a COW to refuse
such water? ] never did; and COW
seems to enjoy drinking water warmed
by the sun. But, by the way some men
write, one would think cattle never
drank anything but cold water from
one years end to another. If warm
water is such bad thing for cattle as
some men claim, we should lay in a
supply of ice to cool the drinking
water of our cattle in hot weather.
The fact is, where one animal is in
jured by drinking warm water Gf any
are) thousand, or ten thousand, are
injured by drinking ice-water, espe-
cially if they drink from a brook dur
ing the winter.
Many remedies for lice on cattle are
given in the papers. One of the most
simple and effective that have ever
tried is cotton-seed meal well rubbed
into the hair. Every one who has
handled this article knows how fine it
is and how it sticks to the clothes.
Finding lice on a COW and thinking
what / could apply, it occurred to me
that this would be just the thing. L
found it killed the lice, and have tried
it since on calf, with the same re-
suits. l am going to try it on setting
hens. | never find lice on my hens at
any other time, and lice on little
chickens are great nuisance.
PLowMAN.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01
advertisements.
Three PecuIiarities

Hoods sarsaparilla, the great blood purifier
ana regulating medicine, is characterized by
three peculiarities, namely
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01
Our ROadwayS.

This is the time of year when those
of us who live or visit out of town have
the privilege Of humping over irregular
heaps of dirt or sods thrown down in
every chance hollow or stony ridge in
the roads. We know what it means;
the roads are being repaired. Custom
develops patience. Most of us have
ceased to comment, as we are thrown
forward and backward on the carriage
seat. We have never quite determined
whether we would rather ride over the
bumps, the sods and loose stones, or
go splashing through slush and mud
holes little later on. In some Sec
tons of the country there is an over
sight and authority exercised in the re-
pairing of the roads, but in most coun-
try districts the farmer works out his
taxes and pays the wheelwright for
keeping his wagons in repair, scolding
because the roads are in such dreadful
condition, but never seeing his relation
to the comfort and economy of the
whole region. Governor Beaver, in
his last annual message, says, with
truth beyond contradiction, what might
be said by the governor of every state
in the Union: ''It is said that the
civilization of country is marked by
its roads. If this be true, Pennsyl-
vania can not claim to have ranked
highest in civilization. 1t is safe to
say that no expenditure of public
moneys yields so little in return as the
road taxes of Pennsylvania. Our en-
tire system of road laws-or rather
our road laws which lack system
should be thoroughly revised and
codified. The comfort of our people,
economy in the transportation of our
products, saving in the wear and tear
of vehicles and animals and the need
less multiplication of Highways, all de-
mand that the laws governing the
laying out and construction of our
roads should be radically reformed and
systematized. This may be considered
matter of minor importance, and yet
it affects every inhabitant of the COM
monwealth. We must all use at some
time or other, in some way or other,
our public roads. Their character and
condition affect the breeding of our
stock, the style of our vehicles, the
carrying capacity of the farmers wagon
and the speed and enjoyment of all
who travel them for business or pleas
ure, either in the carriage, in the
saddle, on the bicycle or on foot. A
thorough system should be devised and
authorized by the legislature, which
could be put into immediate effect by
our older communities and adopted by
those which are newer, as their ability
and the wants of their people might
require. "-ChriStian Union.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01
Talks on Farm TOpics---NO. 1.

Much has been written about warm
water for stock; but there are some
points which have not seen taken up
by any writer. There are three ways
of watering stock: Cd BY water run
ming through pipes into tank or
trough; (2) by pumping water into a
trough; (3) by drinking from running
streams. If you dip thermometer
into brook in cold weather you will
find that it will mark little above
thirty-two degrees. AS soon as such
water stands still ice will begin TO form
on the top. Yet many cows have to
drink just such water through holes
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01

The above table, somewhat altered
and corrected, is taken from the Ne,o
England Homestead, for which it was
compiled from station reports. 1t is
instructive, as showing how much these
various crops abstract from the soil and
it would seem to show that in the long
run the annual reapplication, in ma
nures, of equal quantities, will not only
keep the land from growing poorer, but
should keep it growing better, to the
extent to which the unmanured soil is
capable of contributing to the crop. On
soils naturally rich in potash (soils
where wood ashes does no good the pot
ash may be omitted, and its cost saved.
To illustrate little, take potatoes:
each bushel takes out four cents worth
of plant food from the soil for the
tubers only, and therefore a crop of
two hundred bushels would take out
but $500 worth of fertilizing matter,
or about the quantity of plant food con-
tanned in four hundred pounds of a
good potato fertilizer. Such state
ment as this, however, would be rather
misleading, for we see that in regard
to grain the amount distracted to pro-
duce the straw is considered, while
nothing is allowed for the tops of
the potatoes. 1t is probable that at
least half as much fertilizing matter
is taken from the soil to produce
the tops as to produce the tubers. We
should be inclined to say two-thirds;
and having this fact in view, we have
always taken pains to carefully bury
the tops of each hill in digging the
crop. At one-half as much, the amount
of fertilizer required for an acre would
be six hundred pounds; and on fairly
good potato land, well titled and tended,
this is about the quantity actually re-
quired; though it is too little, rather
than too much, to depend on for getting
an average of two hundred bushels to
the acre.
Without doubt a part, even of the
best and most soluble fertilizer, fails to
be secured by the growing crop; but, on
the other hand, there is some nutriment
in the soil, aside from the fertilizer,
that is available. In testing the value
of fertilizers by trial plots, it is rare to
see a case where six hundred pounds
of a potato fertilizer, compared with
no fertilizer, will increase the crop
more than one hundred bushels. If it
does that, it costs twelve cents bushel
for the fertilizer. We regard the items
of this table as very useful to think
ing farmer who will compare it with
his own experience.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01

BUCKLIN's ARNICA SALvE.-The
best salve in the world for cuts, bruises,
sores, ulcers, salt rheum, fever sores,
letter, chapped hands, chilblains, corns
and all skin eruptions, and positively
cures piles, or no pay required 1t is
guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction,
or money refunded. Price twenty-five
cents per box. Sold by all druggists.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01
Choice Seed Potatoes !

Early Albno and Early Durham, $500 per bar
rel; Morning Star. White Elephant, ThunderbOlt
and Bonanza, S9.O0 per barrel, for one barrel, at
Marshfield or West Danville. The above varieties
are among the very best sorts grown In this
section. l.. II. READ, Cabot, Vt.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1889-05-01
Editorial NOtings.

PEAs.-Strange how many write for
the papers on things they are quite ig-
norant of. Thus one says: 1.-THE more
wrinkled the pea-seed the better the
quality, but the kinds that are of the
wrinkled varieties are not usually the
earliest, and also require supports"
Now, as fact, there is but one smooth
pea that is dwarf enough not to need
support; while there are dozen dwarf
wrinkled sorts at least.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
TOBACCO DEPARTMENT.

RICHMOND, August l9.-No sales at
auction to-day.
Private sales reported to the secretary
today wrappers, y hogsheads fill
ers, 30 hogsheads; cutters, : hogsheads:
smokers. 80 hogsheads; scrap. hogs
heads; Western, hogshead. Total sales
reported to-day. l07 hogsheads.
Wilson S. ShOckOe, Blanchard
Davenport s. Centre, Crenshaw's Sea-
brook s and Old Dominion warehouses
report 124 hogsheads delivered TO da,
Office Of the Tobacco inspectors re-
ports to-day inspections Bright, p
h0gshoads: dark, hOgsheads: Western
. hogsheads. Reinspect0ns: Bright. 8
hogsheads; dark, = hogsheads: West
eTn. none.
Office of the Collector Of the United
States Internal Revenue reports colloc-
tons for the city Of Richmond to-day
as follows: Tax paid on cigars and
cigarettes. S1l5. on tobaccos. - sG6.12:
special. So 80. Total collections to-
day. 50 603.l7.
Tho supply of good Virginia and
North Carolina filters and good stout.
tough mahogany wrappers is exceed
ingly small, and as the indications now
are, the supply OF these classes OF to-
baccOs from the growing crop will be
very limited. they are in active demand
and occupy astroUger position than any
other grades.
Reports agree that the new growth
has fine color, but is thin and lacking
in body and gum. e.. Mel.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

NEW YORK. August l0.-MOney closed
at per cent; highest. A.. lowest. D.
Exchange closed quiet. Posted rates
4sjta4Ss: actual rates ISL AIS u for ixty
days and 4S7tals7i for demand. Gov
ernments. closed quiet: currency Os
rs bid. ! IS coupon. l2s bid, As do,
100. bid.
The unfavorable bank statement on
Saturday gave stock speculation set
back this morning. The prices in Lon
don were tas lower for all the Ameii-
can stocks trading in there: This mar
ket opened with decline Of en-. for all
stocks, and in number OF instances
further declines of lai were made be-
fore II O. clock, leaving every stock on
the list, with the single exception Of
Michigan Central, from talt low.
or at that hour than at the clos
ing Saturday. The total sales Of
railroad stocks are 90 600 shares. of
which st. Paul furnished 10000 and
Burlington $500. During the afternoon
the market was extremely dull. and by
> O clock there was further decline
of &c. TO &c. The trust stocks were
heavy and lower throughout the day.
Cotton seed certificates dropped ! 4. 90
49i during the last half of the day. The
sugar and gas trust also declined sharp
~. The closing prices were generally
to Il lower. To-day S sales aggre-
gated 1877 900 shares.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

which are scarce. full prices are paid.
heavy Tugs, of which few or none are
oif,r.ng.
Green Rirer FWTs Nothing new to
rerort. Those redried for home trade
Ills season being held for sale later on
in the season.
Pirate sales this week consisted Of
36 new hurley, Is new dark Tugs, II
new dark leaf, and 10 old dark leaf
Aoadescrpt.-Both hid and new
when in merchandise order, firm at
quotations Of dark Tugs.
Weather and crop weather has
been generally favorable during the
past week The last few days 1t has
been exceptionally cool, with heavy
dews at night. the best thing for the
crop when followed. as they have been.
by moderately warm weather during
the dav. From all | can hear, reports
of the acreage and condition Of the
CROP. Burnley more particularly
appear 10 be more at variance
than ever before. iuclining me to be-
lievc that although we shall by no
means have as large crop of hurley a.
last year. yet. in all probability, be-
tween what Providence and the farm
els will give 10, there will be enough
In Kentucky 10 90 round. with 80 to 40
per cent. Of The Missouri crop in hurley
this year. to help ne out If we run
short. OF dark tobacco every one APP
pears TO corclude that although a re-
duced crop there will be enough for all
requirements. and hoping the quality
will be better in some respects.
ALEX. HARTHIlL.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

New York stock Market.
Reported bv G.. ". Branch & Co.. bankers
and piokefs, so. III Main street.


REVIEW.
NEW YORK. August 10 Saturday =
bad bank statement set everybody to
talking about money. and rates on
standing loans were generally marked
up ial. Money has been cheap so long
that five and six per cent. rate for
money looks big, when few years ago
such rates were low. Then the c., b.
and y. reduction in through rates to
the seabOard was misunderstood. and
the two hurt the market and caused a
decline in railroad stocks 10 per cent.
London does not like cut rates Of any
kind. Any rate cutting sets bad eI
ample. and IN professional market Is
bound 10 have bad effects. Earnings
reported to-day were good. Weather
in the corn belt is all that could be de-
sired. We think money is likely 10 be
the important factor for time. and
therefore expect an irregular market
before the bail market appears. The
trouble with the Trust stocks is that
they are a poor collateral.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
New York Cotton Market.
By Iclegraph.l


NEW YORK. August 10. 1Io'sfs. Hub.
bard, Price * Din their cotton circular
tonight say. Tho cotton market shows
no abatement Of the activity which bas
recently seemed 20 ioreshadow "a very
active speculative season. Liverpool
adyices report an advance OF 53 30 in
the near pOsiti Ms. August and Sep
TENDER touching g.. The new crop
deliveries were about point bet
ter. Sales on the spot were 5000
bales, which j. rather "a small business.
considering the advance IN futures.
The opening market was quite wild at
advance of 3 to 10 points in the near
positions and TO , IN the distant. The
market commenced TO dr0op. however
soon afterwards, and though there were.
ftful rallies during the day the dee
maud seemed well met and the
extreme opening prices were
not recorded. Just at The
close prominent and successful Wall
street trader personally entered and
sold heavily, thereby depressing prices
10 the figures Of Saturday evening. for
the distant position. market at
close being barely steady
Spot cotton closed firm. middiiug up-
lands. II : Ice Receipts at ports to-
day were estimated az 1000 bales,
against 2l2 bales last week and 3.sO6
Last year. Futures closed. August. 40 yla
10 %. September, 40 60alO.6l. October.
10 39alO.40; November, lOO9al0.l0;
December. lO.OjalOO6; January, 10 lga
10 II: February, lO.l6al017; March.
10 22al0.23: April, 90 2sal0D; May.
lO.34al0.3j; June, 10 42al0.43. Total
sales futures to-day, g. zoo.
In Liverpool spot cotton WAS in mod
crate demand and firm niddiiug up-
lands, 9 1-l6l. Sale.. 1000 bales
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
Baltimore Markets.
lBy Telaganh.L


BALTIMORE. August l9.-COtton firm
mildllng, lie. Flour quiet. Wheat
Southern firm; Fuliz. S0aS7c.: Long
berry. Slao7c.; No. ,. Southern, s3a
s3tc.; steamer, SOC. Western quiet and
rather easier; No. > winter red spot.
S2iaS2sc. Corn-SOuthern dull arri-
walls, poor quality; white, 4lai6c.; yell
low, 4Oa4ic.; Western easy: mixed spot,
i2ia43tc. Oats dull and lower; South
ern aud Pennsylvania. oslo; Western
white. old. 3la32c. new. 29a30c. West
ern mixed. old, 2Sa29c.; new, 26a21c.,
graded, 2ss2sic. Rye, nominal. prime.
50a52c. Provisions quiet. Coffee firm
and quiet; Rio cargoes fair, Isle. Sugar
frmer; A soft, SEC; copper quiet, re-
fined, lOialO.c. Whiskey nominal at
SlI0.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
New York Produce Market.
LEA InLn-IIu.-

NEW YORK August 19.-Flour dull
but steady and unchanged: Southern
-four quiet: trade and family extra.
S3.2jaSl 80. Wheat-Spot lots closed
fairly active and easier: spot sales of
No. > red. sjias7tc.; No. , red, winter
and August. sjsc.; September Size
October, sic. November. sjsc. Corn
Spot lots closed easier. spot sales OF so.
, mixed. 44tc.; 40. . mixed and Au-
gust. Nc: September. Die: October.
49, November, 4ic. Olts-SpOt lots
closed dull; spot sales OF so. white
&c. No. white 29ia32c.: 80. mixed,
2gc.; No. , mixed. Csc: SO. . mixed.
August, 2lic.. September, 20tc.: OTTO
Der. 2jic. Pork quiet: new mess. SLID
aSl2. Lard closed weak; september.
SOL; October, S6.4l. Sugar-Rehued
steady cut loaf aud crushed. e.c:
powdered, s;c graduated. sl..: cubes,
Sic; mould 4, Sic c0nfectiOncrs A.
Ste. Coilee-Spot firm. fair Rio car-
goes. lstc.. futures closed dull: Au-
gust. BIS: September and October
IL 20
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20


The Diseases
'front.'
vi oi ND
o
cuf fungus Oph
blood small
b, cuteu
% 8 di
j
Modern nj
las
be eat
$ lowncl
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

LYNCHBURG, VA, August 1.-THE
receipts in our market amounted 90
81 900 pounds this week swelling the
total since October !. 1855. TO 2l1lf.-
POO pounds against 23G12 400 pounds
during same period last season.
The bulk Of our offerings consisted Of
inferior grades. and a considerable
portion of frosted and unsound tobacco
was being marketed. while desirabla
grades, good dark shipping. etc, are
rarely met with. The tone Of our mar
ket was very strong. and prices for all
grades probably higher than at any
time this season. showing even q further
upward tendency.
GOIT. SCH Arrrp 4 CO.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

ARB THE OLDEST FAMILY STANDARD.
A Purely Vegetable Compound. without
mercury or other injurious mineral Sale
and sure ALWAYS. For sale by an Druggists.
F1u printed directions for using with each
o,rtare Dr. Schcnck's new book on The
unre Liver ana Stomach SENT FREE. Ad-
d. Dr. D. u. Schemes q Son. Philadelphia
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
GraIn and collon ENehanss.
RICHMOND, Va. August 10. 1889.
OFFERINGS.

RICHMOND, Va. August 10. 1889.
OFFERINGS.
Wheat 4 .4OS bushels
Corn 800 bushels.
0ats-3j0 bushels
SALES REPORTED TO SECRETARY.
Wheat-Whi te, IL bushels for seed at
92c; - bushels common at ljc.. s.
bushels common at zoe. LOngoerry
Sos bushels prime on private terms. 600
bushels fair at Sac: - bushels common
at Soc; 20 bushels common at 1jc.
Mixed. go bushels prime on private
terms, 100 bushels very good at So.
los bushels good at 3jc.. l2O bushels
common at nc. ShOrtberry. - bush
els very good at Sc; l04 bushels good
at s5c.; 90 bushels good at s3c. 3j bush
els fair at Sc; 30 bushels fair at Sic.
900 bushels fair at Soc: 80 bushels COM
mot at 7Jc.; 60 bushels common at zoe.
q bushels common at Coo. Total sales
of wheat. 8, 46S bushels.
Oats-Winter, 30 bushels good on pri-
vate terms.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

ghOuf tho ..afeof
t ctcl vi
. a,carson
sin
> n. uir,il
utr
q as germ m
liE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
r lacirr
o recent, ,,.,e
nae n.isn of The, we
sol>n III luof,
leo nitl ears 90
d flr b blk and un,r
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

sofn ssIv
germ
C.
front wit the Iona
he the
liced where la 5 nee oiucei
aa ,apther rheumatism small Mal
Onr~y anln ls.
VIII the
lFemala tlrau
IL LrlL- IAnn NDLnu Eaxernn LLc,rnn
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
READ THE FOLLOwING TEsTIMONIALs


T.
Ny Dear saving
ne
C. q
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

30 Virginia Fire and Marine Insur-
ance Company at 3j7.
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES. Bid. asked.
United States A 5 K. & c.. 1906. ...
United States is K. & CO.. l27i ......
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
COTTON REPORT.


Market tirm.
Quotations.-Sliddling. lode; low
middling, l0ic.; good ordinary,
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
PRE- 8 T ON B EL WIN,
FINE ART F'U RNITURE
No. g Governor Street.

Sloss |. * 5. Co. Stock. .... i3
West +. L. &c Imp't c.. st'k 20i rs
Burton Heater 100000. ......... ...~ n
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

wta1anks you for calling attention tot
". CUNNINGHAM. Collector Cf'y Taxes
RICHMOND une2 1859
i.E Hatloaf Gaer 19fBc ualoe.
nr IN
o. sfr Tc
Very rsspeculy T.
Junc l..
a. T. orae
oa.fn ha,ct
ur Head
'OS Cen a OTIS for Va
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
Baltimore stock Market.

BALTIMORE. August 10 Virginia
ten.forties. SO bid do. threes Sc BID, -
asked
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20
I.Ichmnnh Stock Markct.
RICHMOND. VA. August 10, 1889.

Reported by john L. Williams & Son
bankers and brokers. No. iii Main street.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

3 rabbit is said TO have killed a snake
hal caught young rabbit and was trying 90
swallow TO- The ola rabbit. rushed hy the
snake and biz 10 ia passing. D. then TAN 10y
The snake again and biz 30. and repeated the
operation several times. The reptile finally
dropped the rabbit, ciawled away short
distance and died.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-08-20

Ihore are about a hundred spccict Of
mosquito boo tie world, occsrring In ali
Chimes England has eight or ten species.
for mosquitoes, as Wei as Hessan hes. are
as common n England ns white butterflies.
very hot weather when. apparently, like
their hciteis. they require more liquid re-
feslmcui