davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05
SHORT LESSONS IN ECON
OMY mo 81.

In our last Lesson we stated, IN gen
eral terms, that while the proportion
which capital bears to annual product is
steadily decreasing, the share of the
capitalist in that product is constantly
increasing.
In illustration of this we further OBJ
served, that as great a quantity Of
goods can now be produced with cap
ital of one million dollars as was pro-
duced fifty years ago with capital of
two millions, but that the labor now
employed in their production received
only one-third of their value, whereas
fifty years ago it received one-half.
Or, to put it in another form, the
share of labor in the annual product
decreased from one-half to One-third,
whereas the share of capital increased
from one-half to two-thirds.
But some questioner will say: "How
can this be? Are not wages higher and
prices lower than they were fifty years
ago? Will you socialists make bold to
deny this"
Now, we socialists never deny fact.
The merit of our philosophy is precisely
that it recognizes the natural co-rela-
ton of all social phenomena, however
dssimilar or even conflicting they may
appear to the superficial observer. 1t is
essentially a positive philosophy, and
not in the least a speculative one. BY
all means let us have facts When prop
erly classified, they can only strengthen
the series upon which our generaliza-
tons are already resting.
We do not, therefore, deny that
wages are higher and prices lower than
they were fifty years ago, Although
such is not the case in all branches of
labor and for all classes of products, we
take, on the contrary, some pride in
asserting that, thanks chiefly to social
istic agitation, capital has been defeated
in its efforts to monopolize the whole
benefit Of progress. Yet it is fact that
its share in the product has increased
from one-half to two-thirds, and is now
tending to increase still more.
The trouble is with our questioner
that his knowledge of arithmetic is linn
tied, or that he purposely confuses the
understanding of his fellows,
1t is, indeed, quite plain that these
three facts-(D a rise Of wages; j2) fall
of prices; Is, a reduction of the share of
labor in its product-are perfectly con-
sistent and may occur simultaneously
as they actually do.
Suppose, for instance, that with bet
ter machinery and improved method,
the efficiency of labor is multiplied
eight fold. Now consider all the posi-
bilties under this superstition:
/. With the same capital as before
and with only one-half the previou,
number of workers. four times as many
goods can now be produced.
5 ,. The wages of the workers employed
: may he advanced, say fifty per cent.
: yet, owing to their reduced number
l the amount actually paid out to labo
f for a quadruple production will b
e twenty-five per cent. smaller. The,
might be doubled, and the Who'll
f amount paid for labor would only b
b the same.
= ). The price of the goods may fal
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

The great Rotterdam strike came to a
sudden end by compromise. The dock
men obtained important concessions,
among which is a minimum of four
hours work per day. But the most graft
flying result of the conflict is that they
have learned the necessity of organi-
cation. They are now forming union.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

The Herald grins and says: $50 the
Central Labor Union folks are dallying
with politics again. One would think
that the sight of John McMackin in a
fat place at the Custom House would be
sufficient for sensible wo1kingmen, even
if the crimson whiskers of James j.
Coogan did not flame like a warning
torch out of the dim and Improbable.
OF course the criticisms of the Herald
are never inspired by a profound regard
for the welfare and good name of Or
gained Labor. In most instances it is
wise and safe for workingmen to act in
direct opposition to its advice. In this
case, however, we must sorrowfully
admit that the Herald is right,
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

ventions," and they have so far been
quite successful in bamboozling the
people by first befooling the reporters.
They know how to "treat' the press.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

The Sun advises the Democratic poll
ticians to work like fury" for the sue.
cess of their party. Democratic "furies"
on one side, Republican demons on
the other. Surely we shall have hell
on earth this fall.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05
FEMALE LABOR.

Under this head will be found in
another column few extracts from the
fourth annual report of the National
Labor Bureau, just published. The
data supplied are interesting, but by no
means as new and as comprehensive as
might have been expected from an in
vestigation conducted by man of Car.
roll D. Wright's eminence as a statisti-
clan. 1t seems to us that the chief OBJ.
ject of such an inquiry-not the only
one, assuredly, but the first and funda-
mental one, the understanding of
which is necessary to a full comprehen-
sion of all other questions pertaining to
the same subject-would be to ascertain
the extent and growth of competition
creasing number of employments, and
its effect upon the wages, not only of
men, but Of women also.
True, the tendency to an increase in
the proportion of women and children
employed in manufacturing industries
is a fact so well known that it would
seem supertluous to again call attention
to it. For the last fifty years it's inf1u-
ence on the moral, physical and eco
nomical condition of labor have been
repeatedly discussed in newspapers,
magazines, books, official reports and
public bodies But the few spasmodic
efforts in the direction of regulation
and limitation, made by legislators I'M
der the pressure of public sentiment
when some of the evils of that tendency
had become so great as to be unbear-
able, has always proved inadequate and
futile in the end. The vampire system
Of absorption, by and for capital exclu-
sively, of the benefits of labor, saving
| inventions, has nulliiied law and smoth-
cred conscience. And thus we 90 on,
substituting the labor of women and
children for that of men in manufact-
uring industries, while more men, by
the million. are cast out of employ
ment.
This tendency, we say, is a well
known fact; yet few people are aware
of its extent. From 1870 to l~N0 the
population of the country increased 30
per cent; but the number of males
above 16 years of age employed in man
ufacturing increased less than - per
cent, whereas that of females above Ii
increased 81. and that of children 50 PEI
cent. From all the facts within reach
we know for certain that the census tc
be taken next year will show a much
more rapid tendency in the same direc
ton.
The census, however, will not show
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

Hostile legislation is cleverly evaded
by the foreign capitalists who have
lately been engaged in the 'trustifica-
ton" of American industries. Take,
for instance. the alien law Of Illinois,
that was designed to prevent the in
tended acquisition of farms in that State
by certain British landlords for rack
renting purposes, 1t prohibits the sale
of real estate 10 foreigners, but all to no
purpose. The foreign capitalists, with
the aid Of American citizens in their
pay, incorporate company under the
laws of the State and then buy its
stock, which, legally, is personal, not
real, property. 1t was by this evasive
process that two British syndieates,
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

Admire the tactics of this great phi
nthropist-Andrew Carnegie. He first
showed himself intractable, threatening
to shut down his works rather than pay
his men living wages. Then, having
befooled the poor fellows into belief
that there was 'no money in it, for the
boss, and that the running of mills in
the time to come was a most risky en-
terprise, he suddenly came to terms.
Who doubts now that all this while
Carnegie was aware of the impending
boom in iron and steel? Who doubts
that he knew of the stupendous orders
for Bessemer steel rails that the railroad
companies were about to give? Can it
be for a moment supposed that he was
ignorant of the fact that the Pacific oc-
topus alone needed 10000 tons: The
demand for the product of iron mills is
now greater than it has ever been in
this country, and the foreign article is
shut out more efrectually than at any
previous time: but the earnings of our
iron workers have never been so small.
Carnegie is making immense profits.
Will he put into practice his well ad
vertised theory that the profits of mil
lionaires should be used in beneyolence:
Does he contemplate the erection of
hospital for his WORKOUT wage slaves, or
the free gift of a piece of land for
Potters' Field:
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

Sheriff Flack and his abettors have
been indicted. What is the world COM
ing to if a Tammany Sheriff and Sachem
cannot freely use the courts to repudiate
his wife
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

The Forum for October contains a
criticism of Edward Bellamy's Look
ing Backward" by the new Commits
sioner of Education, William T. Harris,
which will further increase the world
wide demand for that book.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

The high financial, commercial, and
manufacturing nonentities who have
undertaken to serve, or rather to figure,
on the New York Worlds Fair Commit
tee, might best advance the scheme by
planking down the necessary amount of
money and then stepping out. But they
will do neither. In reality they want no
Fair, and will kill the project by inaction
if they can. Some of them, perhaps, are
not blind to the fact that International
Exhibitions are great promoters of labor
organizations.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05
organizations.

On being selected to preside over the
deliberations of the International Amer
lean Congress, Blaine stated that its OBJ
ject was to draw the American nations
more closely together by the highways
Of the seas and by railway systems that
would at no distant day connect their
capitals. In plain language this means
that there are numberless jobbers in
Wall street ready to take advantage of
any subsidy and land grant that the
American nations may be willing to
give for the further enrichment of mil
lionaires and the further enslavement
of wage.workers from pole to pole.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

fifty per cent, yet, owing to the quad
ripple quantity produced, their aggre,
gate value will be twice as great as be-
fore.
4. 1t therefore appears from the fore
going that, under the supposition,
wages might rise one hundred per cent.
and prices fall fifty per cent, yet the
share of labor in its product would be
reduced from one-half to one-quarter,
while the share Of capital would be in
creased from one.h half to, three-fourths.
All of this may still more clearly be
seen if translated into figures, as follows;
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05
Here comes Washington GLADDEN. in
the Forum with this worn out platitude

Here comes Washington GLADDEN. in
the Forum with this worn out platitude:
"There is no road to comfort and in
dependence after all, but the plain, old
path of steady work and sober saving.
If the working people of this country
would save for the next five years the
money they spend in beer, tobacco and
baseball, they could control a pretty
large share of the capital employed in
the industries by which they get their
living, and they could turn the divi-
dends of this capital from the pockets
of the money lenders into their own.
There is no other way of checking the
congestion of wealth and of promoting
its diffusion SO expeditions. so certain
and so beneficent as this. | wish that
the working people would try it."
Poor GLADDEN. has much to learn be-
fore he can undertake to give the work
ing people any sort of sensible advice.
First, he must find the path of steady
work." which has become a myth in
these days. Then he must understand
that any self-imposed privation of the
wage workers would merely result in a
reduction of their wages. Again, he
must comprehend that if the laboring
class could actually make any savings,
these, under the present system, would
quickly find their way in the pockets of
spectators. But GLADDEN., we appre-
bend, like the men of his class who pa
rade as the friends of labor would
rather learn nothing and talk at random.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05
NOTES

The latest is car trust. 1t will not
be the last.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1889-10-05

his wife Z?
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-07-28
IN SIENIORIAM.


HANSEN.-Dsparted this life on the 18th
inst, Mrs. CELIA Hansen, the beloved VIE,
ana little CELIA, daughter OF Mr. Chris hansen:
These loved ones nave passed away and
anVtneF home Is made desOlate. To be thus be-
reft of a loving ami afTectionate wife and a
bright. int resting child with few hours IS a
sad and heavy blow. And yet, why murmur or
rebeli God in his initiate wisdom knows best,
and as Christians we should humbly bow IN
submission L his divine will.
Mrs. Hansen was noted Tor her amiability OF
character and general kindness Of heart.
Through all Of the trials aud'glcissitudes Of life
she bore herself with true wOmany dignity,
and made hosts Of friends by her innate no
bilty. As a wife she was loving and kind. never
more pleased than when she could promote her
husbands happiness or advance his Interests.
AS mothtr sue was gentle and afectionate
aud de oted TO the lite ones. To rear them
properly and ia the fear of the Lord wes the
aim and desire of her life. With strong and
abiding faith IN the Christian religion, she
found peace in her last moments, and was
reconciled 10 her departure from among US
Little CELIA, a bud Of promise, too gentle and
pure for this world of sin and strife, followed
her mother within twenty-fOur hours TO the
home beyond where there is no more weeping,
sorrow or parting. They are gone fir N among
us forever. No more will they mingle with !,
in the associations of this life or gather around
the family circle as il days of yore
Their deaths leave an aching void in the
bosom of the roken-hearted husband and
father. as well as in the hearts of their Aindred
and friends E. Z. NJ.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-07-28
WAR ON MORMONS.
The People of Wilson County, Tenn
Bound to Drive Them Out

The People of Wilson County, Tenn
Bound to Drive Them Out
CHICAGO, July PA special dispatch
from Nashville Tenn, says: Two hum
dred people in the Twenty-third district Of
Wilson county, have banded for the Pur-
pose of driving the Mormon elders and con-
verts from that county. This action has
been taksI on account OF the conducs OF
the MOrmons on a recent occasion. While
Rev. john Barrett, Baptist preacher, was
holding services in Victim res school house
he was interrupted by some Of tue Mormon
converts present, vino asked him several
questions, and then became insulting in
their language The me .nbsrs f the con
gregation made a move to resent this ter
fere ce, whereupon the Mormons jumped
out of the window, and dared them to como
out d fight. Tno justices of the peace
sab equently prepared q big dinner, and
invited the community at large
to come and hear Rev. Barrett
preach and to give him protection.
Every one expected that fig It would take
place, but the Mormons stayed away. The
preacher called on the congregation TO
know how many would hello TO drive the
Mormons out of the county. In response
TO his invitation all the men in the congre-
cation, about 200, gave him their hands,
promising to drive the Mormons out by
whatever means would be necessary. The
Mormons have been forbidden to travel on
the roads, and have also been notified to
leave the county or stop holding meetings"
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-07-28
Hot Weather Suicides.
From The Neio YORK. Star.


Dr. Michael J. B. MESSENGER, the coroner.
is ude 1t Of the weather and suicides.
They are subjects wDich ave taken up con-
siderable of his spare ii ne, a ne has be-
come convert to the theory that prolonged
hot weather is followed by an increase ii
the number OF suicides. In a converse ton
upon this suejecy yesterday, hesiid:
Il have followed the matter closely, and
believe IL 10 be true that hot weat er is in
varlab.y accompanied by an increa,e in the
number OF suicides, and when the hot ave
is pr longed for a week or moro 1t is fol-
lowed by almost 4 suicidal epidemic in the
ciCy. On oil days ere is an average of
from one TO thr~o suicides, but let the ther-
mometer SO up, and q rapid increase is
made.
Now, last week was very warm, and
Friday and Saturday op ressively So.
Last Saturday eight men killed themselves
Last Sunday 1t was trIhe CO Ter and @
number OF suicides fl TO seve If | look
at the thermometer 1 ca give pretty .ose
guess at tie number of suicides for e day.
Another pecLllarity is the influences suicides
have eople. Those who intend to end
their lives watch the newspapers clos lv and
read how other people have committed
suicide. suppusa tAis nerves them up TO
make the trial themselves, and accounts for
the fact that often there VIII be SO veral per-
sons kill themselves in some peculiar way
within a few days When the first .u,clds
conceived the idea Of drowning himself in
the water reservoir he was quickly followed
by others. "ROugh on Rats" mad great
ruI some time ago, and If next wsek a man
should c. ush his lie out by throwing him
self from the Bartholdi statue, we should
see half q d zen mel tnchoiy a ks try the
same Thing in the next ten da S."
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-07-28
ON THE DIAMOND.
Results OF ths Ganss Between the
COuntry's Leading Teams.

Results OF ths CAMS Between the
CoUntry's Leading Teams
WASHINGTON. July 27.-Bese ball games
were played to-day with tho following re-
suits:
At Brooklyu-The schedule game between
Bro klyn and Cincinnati teams was played
mud to-day. The follow & is the score:
6 chU2slyai ~ o
Base hits: Brooklyn 10. Cincinnati = Errors:
Brooklyn 1, Cincinnati 3. Batteries: Caruthers
and Visner, Niau and Earle.
At Plttsourg-
PittsburE ..........s 20 2-l1
C s.s. dts. Pttsbbre cleyeand 10 e Err
rors: Pittsburz 2, Cleveland Batteries:
Calvin and Miller. Bakely. O'Brien and thinner
At Indisnapolis-tirst game.
Indianapolis. 0 Ii
Bass hits: indianapolis s Chicago 20. Errors:
indianapolis s, Chicago 3. Batteries: Crock
and Daily, Tenor and Farrell.
Second game
Indiar apolis........O o Q 0 Q 2 2
Base hits: indianapolis g Chicago s. Errors:
Indianapolis 2, Chicago Batteries: Boyle anu
Buckley, Gumbert and Darlag.
At Ba tlmore fir ga ae)-
St. sa' hoSis ... g Q %
Base hits: Baltimore 4, St Louis 5. Errors:
Baltimore ? st. Louis g. Batteries Foreman
and Quinn, Chamberlain and Boyle.
a Bal more Second gamel-
Baltimore. .........O 0 o 0 0 O. I
St. Louis ......0 0 0 0 K 8
Base nits: Baltimore 6, ST. L uis Z. Errors
Baltimore 3, st Louis g. Batteries: Kilroy and
Tate, King and Boyle.
At Philadelphia
Athletic .........2 80 OO1 90 6-i2
Kansas City.......2 0 0 6 o Ito
Base hits: Athletic r. Kansas City 49, Err
Athletic KaDRaS
McMahone and Robinson, Swartzel and Hoover
Philadelphia .....2 0 O.
Boston 81. ....... "A 0 0 0 0 O. 4
Philadelphia 2, Boston. l. Ba teries: Gleason,
Casey and Schriver; Clarkson and Bennett.
Al Coluulbus-
Columbus. .........I 0 0 o 0 o. 2
Louisville. ,....2 O 0 0 O 8 Z 6
Base hits; Columbus s, Louisville ~. Errors:
Columbus 3, Lou svile 2 Batteries: O'Connor
and Mays, Cook and Raymond
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-07-28
NO SALT ON THEIR TAILS.
The Trust Fails to Secure Sufficient
SubscribRrs

The Trust Fails to Secure Sufficient
subscribers
NEW York, July 27.-Ihe directors OF
the North American Salt Company au-
thorized the pub icstion of the followi this
morning: while the subscriptions have
been very numerous and in the aggregate
large the trustt es feel that they are not justi-
fed in proceeding TO an allotment of
shares on the present basis, without
further conference with the sub
scribers and vend rs. Thi,, on account of
the subscribers being on both sides of The
Atlantic and the vendors widely separated,
will axe ti.ue, and it has been decided TO
return the subscriptions a d postpone
further action until these neg citations can
be Completed There was, theref re. no
meeting Of the salt trust this moruiug.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-07-28
DANvuLE's TOBACCO
A BIG STRIKE ORDERED.
The Connellsville Coke Region Hands
to Fight.


PITTsBURG, PA, July PA special
from Scottdale, Pa, says: 1.-THE much
talked of strike has at last been ordered by
one of the largest labor conventions
ever held in the Connellsville coke
regions. Nearly fifty delegates were
present, representing almost every
works in the region. Master Workman
Kerfoot. subdivision Il. knights of LABOR,
was chosen chairman, a I'd Cloyd NJ. Parker
Of the same organization as secretary. As
was predicted not a single coke operator
was present to meet the conference commit
tee. j. M. Dayton, 7. 4. NJ ntgomery and
John Speight were appointed as a commit
lee on resolutio is aad reported the follow
| ing, which were unanimously adopted:
WHEREAS, After repeated efforts TO obtain a
| conference with the operators, they still con
| tinue to ignore our committees, refuse to con
| slider any proposition in the interest OF
harmony; and
WHEREAS, The condition of the workers in
the Council vile coke region is such as to de
mand the greatest urgency in obtaining re-
dress There ore be it
res iUed THAI the decision of the former
convention be approved and work cease
throughout the region ON Aug. /, 1889, and that
no work be done until our demands be granted
Resoiued, That committees be appointed tC
visit the various works and explain to the men
the condition OF affairs, and urge the workmen
| to unite in order to obtain their deman Is.
Resolved That the sympathy and co-opera
| ton of all competing regions, and the officers
| of the organizations and the craft at large be
| solicited in this struggl. for existence.
Rescued, That committee of seven be ap
| pointed to carry out the above aud to Ia ne
charge of the region and district and have com
plete control of all action during the impend.
| ing strike.
Reso Ued, That the above be Immediately
printed and circulated throughout the region
Mas er Workman Kerfoot this afternoon
| said: The Knights have sent q number OF
| requests to the operators to meet them tc
agree on wage scale, but they totally
| ignored them. Now the K lights are de.
termined to fight for the scale approved by
the convention of April 3D."
Thomas l.. Lynch, general superintendent
of the Prick Coke Company, stated this
| evening that the six men who were dis
charged would not be reinstated. He would
| not say what his company would do in case
the men at their works would come out
| on strike.