Telegram-herald., 1889-08-15

~ Ll.4 49, 81 81 - ttr~.st-
-.fae fcll~'s c.ill PASSES wllc1 1As ncS
oseE la tae soa,sls Asea4gesae ser "a
Years las 4tfraelea general Asl-os. l-ui oa..s
"a aseouut ~ her l.ecull@g soa.ogle~I easrac.
lsrs. oat perhaps stll mere 81 elc..lt ~
her a.sl IL e.l.a.ca- "a as Is .eAspl e4a.s-
Is l.sgsyta % ias rel1Arsaa.e .iesros
ia w4.cn sAs IS so.s ~ uader..-Aa tAs
meaning lf spoken lAus a4se . ofgras
~al.A IS AIS O.. "a H. tt.at presented ~ -
iltaat 1en laal AS bsi4f1 emery 81 trclk
Infancy. ana therefore ilSuel il.44 t...i
presented ng 4uotler lruta. e. Gar. ~ leash
a. have lsss VITA auy evidences 81 saess.
Nevertheless, tie only attempts iliat liz
l14kes Dy way II VEGA Iesp eases are taias
peculiar granting D9lses enc indicative -
sssent ST atlrul1ll1ll. another lttTs c-l.se
resembling -l.e rrst a dissent O. ls sallai.i
and TIE laira Quie different from tie eiAef
TWO 81 ieSlks ga recognition - taFofs. ~
disposition sLe - somewhat c-pricle-s.
Though ca tie whole Re0o Aulaoro1, isAe q
Ler keepers. and .pq1featiA never tired -
KIND II taaieriEg pay which, IN ~Ad Co.
t1e5 4eep up a IA heT continually.
a ya@r a. tive 4ee i esesTre1 ~ he t1st
] l-lsAt try sclne yss eh4.o44etl experiment
or tan intel. sGelce 4 tins animal TIC
circgu stances a. wilaE sLe IS placed. how
ever. Cia RIOS prove favorable f1r any tnlus
llke SYSTEMATIC instr action. - .lls constant.
ly exposed 30 tie F..ze ~ q rasnser - PEG
pie coming and gong ana having ter ateSn-
tl1u easily distracted by them, The ape y "a
practically az valuable fer purposes Il tuition
Ouly during Tie early hours - The morning.
before tie men2Eerie il opened 70 the pub
Doe. ana, as q rule. ] Ca not rad b egn-
yCuIeat 20 attend al that time Therefore
the results which an about 70 describe Go
not. IN ny opinion, represent what Il F1t
fairly have been expected unser more
favorable conditions, II the chlmpaalet
could have been Eept as a domestic pet a..
a few months tas ! kept the Cebus kindly
lent ne Tor TIE purposes q Psychological
observation by this SOCIETY," Here caa 10
no doubt that many mach more interesting
results might have been obtained. NeVer
the.ess, a appears 10 ne that even those
which have thus Tar been obtained arc
worthy Il being placed on record.
Having enlisted the intelligent co-opera-
ton CT the keepers, / requested them u AK
the ape repeatedly for one straw, Two
.trans or three strawE. These she was 10
PICK up and hand out from among the Inter
IN her cage No constant order was 20 be
observed in making these requests. Dut,
whenever sue handed number Iaf asked
for her offer WAS refused. while. II she gave
the proper number her offer was accepted.
and she received a piece q fruit as pay
mcnt- IL this way the ape was eventually
taught 10 associate these three numbers
with their names. Lastly, II two straws or
three sir1ws were demanded. she was
taught 10 hold che straw or two straws ln
her mouth uuul size had picked up the re
naming straw, and then 10 hand tie two
s.raws or three straws together. Iuls pre-
vented any p0ssi Die error arising from her
Interpretation OF vocal toues-au error
which might well have arisen II each straw
had been ASKED for separately.
LAS soon as tie animal understood what
was required and had learned 10 associate
these three numbers with their names, she
never failed 10 give the number q strsws
asked for. Her education was then tx
tended in a similar manner from three 20
four and from four 10 five Here. Tor rea-
sons 70 be presently stated, ! allowed her
education 10 terminate. But more re-
Gently one Of the keepers has endeavorod 10
advance her instruction as far as ten. Tho
result, however. is what might have been
anticipated Although she very rare
makes any mistake ia handing OFT one iwo,
three, four or five straws, according % the
number asked for. and although SIC -
usually accurate ia handing out a. mauy IS
SIX or seven, when the numbers eight, nine
or ten arc named. The result becomes more
and more unceri am, so IS - be suggestive
Of gUcsswCrk. l. Is evident. however. that
she understands the WORDS seven. eight.
nine aud ten 10 betcken numbers higher
than those below them. for u she Is asked
for any OF these numbers q. g.. above slND
she always gives some number that - above
SIX and not more than ten. but there is TO
such constant accuracy oisp aged in hand
ing out the exact number named as - fne
case below six. On She whole then, waLe
there is 40 doubt that this animal can &C
curaielT compute any number of ttraws lp
10 FIVE. beyond FIVE tie accuracy q her
ompItati0n becomes progressively ciuin-
Ishcd.
at IS not necessary indeed = would be
urrcasouab.e- suppose that in tins
process q counting the ape employs
any system q notation. We know
from our own experience that there
IS counting and counting. & q. dis
tinguishing between low numbers by d.
roc;y arprociaiInr the oiTercrce between
t.eo quantities Of sensuous perception and
distinguishing between numbers q airy
amount br marking each perception with
separate sign. The extent q which 80
folmer kiad q computation can be carried
IA the case of man nas been made She sub
isc' 81 a careful research by Prof IfcTer.
Of Jena Us experiments corristeG ir az
ccTtaining ibe number Of objects fsuch Sc
dots e. "a piece 81 paper which admit -
being simultaneous estimated with ao-
curarr. a-1 d was found That the nun ber
sdrnits q beng largely increased ~ prac-
tCe until. in She case q some persons. .