The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1889-01-18
THE AGRIOULTURALIST
Newsy Notes conce ming the Farm ard
of Especial terest to tee Pa
cifc Co st Hush Andman.


gent farmers and mechanics.
D. not sell off your surplus hay o.
straw yet, or you may find yoursel
siiost OF supply before the winter il
over. The amount to be retained de-
pends on the condition of the stock
and the severity OF The weather be-
tween now and spring,
Every farmers son should be edu-
Gated 10 a knowledge OF botany and
to thoroughly understand all the
points OF tie different breeds Of stock
as well as be familiar with the nature
Of fertilizers and their fitness for Ger
tain crops and soils.
Do rot be afraid TO open the doors
anu windows of the cellar on clear
DAYS. IL is much better 10 have pufe
air in the cellar than 10 keep il close
and damp. When the cellar is musty
and disagreeable Udor noticed ths
entire house is likewise affected.
A farm must not only be seli-sup
porting but should pay a profit
When the farmer reaches that stage
when he is compelled tu borrow, or DE-
pend on some income from another
source, his farm is unproftlble, aud
lac should then endeavor not only T.
discover the cause OF his loss but also
aim TO improve in some manner. IN
order that the farm may be seli-sup-
porting.
The most dislgreeable thing on the
farm in winter is mud, and, although
/ it can not be entirely avoided, yet
some Of its disadvantages may ee
overcome by carefully draining every
location that allows an excess Of wa
ter to accumulate. When the cattle
are compel I'll To stand knee deep in
mud there is a loss of animal heat, and
n greater proportion OF food will be
required to keep them in condition.
Churning cream when slightly
sour, as il the custom i'm the Holstein
daiIies, yields butter of a peculiar and
fine aToma. Butter made from very
sour cream is destitute of this aroma
and has the ste which the Holstein
butter acquires after keeping some
time. Stirring of cream does not pro
mote souring, but rather hinders il hk
increasing access of air; il may be adj
vaniageous in making the souring
uniform.
For very early eggs warm, com.
| iortable houses, proper feed, aud good
care are necessary. Ii the hens have
TO use all the feed they get to keep
themselves warm, If they are not sup
piled with food containing egg forming
material, and If the houses are not
kept cean and well ventilated. the
esg basket need not be q large one
The roof OF the poultry house should
be tight, the sides we'll battened snd
IN knot-holes covered, or the entire
sides covered with ttired paper to pre-
vent draughts, and the floor made in
way TO take no drainage from th,
outside and be perfectly dry. For
ventilation, any pltn. whereby the
fowls can be supplied with pure fresh
air without being subjected TO draughts
will answer.
On how many places is il pleas
uTe TO visit the hen houss2 Although
there has been a great change for the
better during the last few years, the
average hen house is still shunn "a by
all who are not obliged TO visit it
hA0 - AoN SUI &C ~ - AAA4 ~
lice in summer, and IN winter is foul
with the stencil from n years accu-
mutation OF filth. This need not anu
ought not TO be. The poultry on
placs, especially if a pure breed l.
kept, should be ''joy forever" They
never lose their interest. Each has
its individuality, its likes aud dis'ikes,
like all other stock, and half hour
spent in watching them is always full
cf pleasure, and seldom without profit
Something new can be learned AT
every visit.
Wood ashes have too great V ,lue
to be wasted. Every farmers family
should make its own soap supply. II
is cheaper for the farmer TO MAKE
soap than to buy it. When not util
ICED on the farm, "soap gr,a e" i,
either wasted or sold for plttance.
After the ashes are leached they are
as good as before for manure, where
the soil does not lack potash. ii a
teaspoonful OF clean wood ashes il
given every third dly to horses l.
their feed they will will very rarely
need condition powders. The same
amount given TO cattle will have good
results. Cattle, also swine, are FIRE
quently seen licking asl g where rub
bish has been burned. The ashes
given to hogs may be mixed with
their salt. Ashes correct acidity of
the stomach and destroys some in
testinal worms. Wood ashes are a
valuable fertilizer for all crops, but es-
pecially for orchard crops. They con-
tain all the mineral elements required
by plants. The fine condition and
peculiar proportion of their ingre
dients make their real agricultural
value greater than the value com
puted from chemical analysis. Coal
ashes are comparatively worthlC ss,
but wood ashes should never be
thrown away.
Allowing each tree thirty feet of
room Chat is planting the trees thirty
leet apart in checked rows), an acre
will permit Of about Fl ty trees. They
will not be ready for market, or to be
sawed up as lumber, until they are
about twenty years of age. Their
value will then depend on the kind OF
trees and the number of feet of lum-
Der that can be sawed from each tree.
If the trees are twenty-five feet apart
about sixty-tive trees can be grown en-
an acre, but the closer the trees the
| slower the growth and the sooner they
must be cut down. Each acre of land
can be made to produce $1,000 in