davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-07-17

found in Florida and known as lard will
do, / know notl Probably fresh suet,
which is cheap, or fine olive oil, which is
dear, would give the best results
This is an experiment. within the reach
of every one. In all cases keep the article
in which flowers areexposed to fat tightly
closed. Do not De surprised at the
quantity of blossoms required; each fresh
lot adds it's quota of perfume. A pint of
oil scented means fourteen ounces of ex-
enough to last one person a life
time.
From three to four pounds of tuberose,
and no doubt of Cape Jessamine flowers,
will scent one pound of fat, while of orange
flowers eight pounds are required for the
same amount of fat, divided into thirty
two exposures.
Piesse states that 100 orange trees at
ten years of age will produce 2, ,3OOpounds
of blossoms. This seems Incredible He
places the yield of tuberoses at more
reasonable figure, and we can suppose
that plant of Cape Jessamine at few
years growth will produce one pound at
least of blossoms. If 1,5OO or 1000
plants are put on the acre the yield will
be considerable. A. d. WARNER.
Green Cove Springs, Fla&
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-07-17
For THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURIsT.
Reclaiming Low Lands.

The primary question to consider when
land is contemplated, is whether the soil
of the land is sufficiently good and last
ing to warrant the outlay to be incurred.
In most cases muck deposits rest upon
stratum of sterile sand, incapable of
holding moisture in a dry time, and if
the muck is so thin that the sand is only
few inches beneath the surface, the land
may, with favorable seasons, yield good
crops for few years, but after that time
amounts to but little; for muck being or
ganic matter, will gradually rot away
when exposed to the atmosphere and
pelting rains, and when it is mixed with
sharp, cutting sand. Where the muck is
at least two feet thick, theroots of plants
find within it necessary moisture without
having to go into the barren subsoil.
Muck must be deep for another reason:
While saturated with water it appears to
be deeper than it really is, and after drain
ing it will settle down gradually until it
gets to be about foot lower, on land
that had no timber, after two or three
years, when the settling is about over
with. On previously tinbered land this
sinking is much less, because roots and
buried logs keep 1t more to the original
level.
Then it must be found out whether there
is fall enough for the water that must be
drained off. Water in the bitches in the
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-07-17

duced at too high a price for the perfum-
er's business, or cannot be produced at
all Thus, essence of white lilac can be
made by mingling in proper proportions
extracts of tuberose, orange flower, aim
ond, etc., while ''Lily of the Valley" has
to be produced from mixture into which
extracts of the above flowers does not
enter.
But the process of taking the perfume
from the flower to the converting of it in
to a simple extract, believe to be within
the scope of ordinary care and painstak-
ing.
The process as. originally employed in
France, and probably to great extent
to-day, consists in:
/. The expression of essential oil, as
with orange and lemon peel.
2. Distillation of the oil from plants by
boiling, condensng the steam and separ-
ating the oils from the water, by which
means the oils OF peppermint and of Law
ender are obtained
3. By placing flowers in pure fat, which
is kept warm by means of water bath.
The fourth process, called absorption,
produces the pOmatum of greatest value
to perfumers. Blossoms are laid in a
tray in which is spread either layer of
hard fat or a cloth saturated with the
finest olive oil. The flowers remain in
contact with the fat from half a day to
three or four days, according to cilcum-
stances, and are replaced by fresh ones.
From twenty to thirty changes are re-
quired for most flowers.
When the fat has become highly charged
with perfume the extract can be made by
adding to each pint of fat onepint OF good
alcohol. 1t must be allowed to stand for
three or four weeks, shaking the bottle
frequently, and if the fat is hard, it must
be cut into fine pieces. At the expiration
of the time draw off the spirits, and it is
ready for use.
In this case no essential oil is extracted,
but the flower gives up it's perfume to the
fat, which in it's turn yields it up to the
alcohol. Perfectly fresh lard or suet can
be used, but they must be clarified and
rendered odorless; otherwise an animal
odor will be more prominent than that of
the flower, and the fat will become rancid
very soon when absorbing the odors of
certain flowers.
Lard or suet can be clarified, says
Piesse, by melting and straining through
sieve into cold water, for the purpose of
dividing it into small particles; wash it
well; repeat three or four times, using
fresh water, and putting in each time
pinch of alum and salt. Then repeat as
many times using pure water, melting
and pouring each time, and finally run it
into a pan until what water remains can
be drawn off. Whether the substance
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-07-17
So per Annum, in advance.

future field should at no time stand high
er than one foot from the land surface.
In estimating this matter do not neglect
to include the future sinking of the land
from settling, decay and possible wash
ings. If fall is found to be plenty, then
assure yourself that it will be permanent
ly so-that nothing is likely to cause an
undue rise of the body of water into which
your drains debauch,-for well pulver-
lied muck, saturated and covered with
water, is nearly OF the consistency of
cream, and will float with the slightest
current, so that, should your future field
be inundated while the soil was clean and
mellow, couple of inches of it's surface
might be swept away in one day. IF no
danger threatens from that quarter, then
make your drains wide and deep enough
to carry off all the water that may flow
into them. First dig those bitches de-
signed to receive the flow from the ada
cent high land; you can afterwards deter
mine the distance between your ground
water drains. On Uimbered land these lat
ter can be farther apart than on natural
ly treeless marsh land, as the under
ground channels formed from decayed
wood act as underdrains.
In clearing timbered land it is well to
kill by file the large gum and cypress
trees, and let them stand and season, so
that they will burn easily. Cypressknees
and small trees should be grubbed up at
once, but let the stumps of other trees re-
main a year or so, until the land has set
tied somewhat, and then cut them off
eight or ten inches deep. If they are taken
out Immediately they should be dug
much deeper, otherwise they will gradu-
ally creep up too near the surface as the
earth settles around them.
In grubbing out small trees standing
closely. the following procedure may often
be used to advantage:
Wrap once about your height over the
ground, a stout MANILA rope; draw taut
and tie with single knot, knot against a
tree. Then take a stick of hard pine, five
feet long, and insert one end in the mid
die of the loop; turn the stick around ver-
tically until you cannot twist the rope
any more; then draw the long end of the
stick against one of the trees to keep it
from turning back. The trees are now
bent toward each other, and all but the
Inside roots are under tension and will
easily snap off from blows of the axe or
mattock. have found sharp adze the
best matto k.
Where timber is abundant and near at
hand an everlasting fence may be made
by laying cuts of cypress logs six feet long
across the line of the fence, about eight
feet apart. Across both ends of these cuts
lay poles as big and long az you can
handle, end to end, until a course is fin
The Florida agriculturist., 1889-07-17
Vol. XVI. No. 29. Whole No. 5S4.
For THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURIsT.
The Perfumery Industry.

The Perfumery Industry.
Why should not Florida produce a
large share of the crude material for maxi
ing perfumes, that is now imported?
1t is true that many of the ingredients
that enter into the composition of per-
fumes can only be produced in strictly
tropical climate, but, as rule, these oc-
cupy secondary place in the laboratory
of the perfumer, and consist mainly of oils
of spices, gums, balsams and resins,
small quantities of which are used to
give more lasting quality to more pow
erful but volatile odors, or enter largely
into the composition of cheap perfumes,
pomades, soaps and ointments of various
kinds. The perfumer's supplies that are
of the greatest utility come from the
vicinity of Grasse and Cannes, in South
France, and Nice, in Sardinia, with a
large addition in the shape of altar of
roses from Roumelia and Bulgaria. OF
the principal perfume plants grown in
that district there are none which would
be materially injured by the slight frosts
of Florida except, perhaps, Acacia Far
nesiana, from which the commercial
Cassie is produced. A frost cuts off the
crop for one season, but it might be grown
along the southern coasts of Florida, as
it is found growing wild along the gulf
coast of Mexico.
Immense quantities of orange flowers
and leaves, with orange and lemon peel,
are turned into perfume products in these
districts. Thyme, rosemary, lavender,
violets, roses, tuberoses and the fragrant
Jasminium Grandeforum are cultivated
on large scale.
For the more delicate plants, such as
heliotrope, violets and mignonette, there
may be other climates more suitable than
that of Florida, but who has not had
good success with the various jasmines,
or what can excel Gardenia Florida (the
Cape Jessamine) in quantity OF blossoms
and strength of perfume? The odor OF
the last named plant, which growsso lux
uliantly in all situations, is Objectionable
to many on account of it's power, but,
when given out in small quantities or
combined with other odors, it is found to
be delightful and most useful to perfum-
ers. The yellow iessamine, also indigen-
GUS, is held in high esteem. Various myr-
ties, syringa, lilacs, with many fragrant
plants and shrubs which are natives of
Japan and China, would find home here.
In the laboratory of the perfumer skill
and knowledge of chemistry are re-
quired-not so much in the extraction OF
the perfumes from the flowers as in the
skillful blending of various perfumes, gums
and resins to form certain brands of great
repute; or, as is frequently the case, to
counterfeit odors which can only be pro-
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-02-05
FOR OUR

EDITOR FARMER:-There is a grow
ing desire among country people to get
into towns and go into other pursuits
than farming. Country life is lonely,
and raising cotton don't pay. We
want neighbors and to be educated
into other things besides cotton grow
ing. We want good thrifty people
from the North and West and as many
as we can get. Georgia, California
and some Western States are making
great efforts towards immigration and
it might be well for us to adopt some
of their measures, viz: Improve the
public school system and enact liberal
laws towards debtors and married wo-
men. A judgment obtained in another
State is barred in Georgia in four
years, California in two and in some
Western States in one. In this State,
I believe, in ten. In the absence of a
National Bankrupt Law many other
wise good men but who have been un-
fortunate in business go TORTOISE States
to begin life anew, and they make good
citizens. In this State a husband hav-
ing a life estate in a wife's real property
it is liable to be sold at her death to
pay his debts, contracted it may be in
dissipation or wildcat speculations and
her children be cut off from a support.
This cannot be done in some States.
Good schools, liberal laws and protec.
ton to the rights of married women
will draw to us just what we
want, good thrifty people from
the moral districts of the North
who are skilled in high farming,
dairying, SC. It costs something to
improve the school system it is true
but it will pay. It costs nothing to
alter and improve our laws SO IS to
protect the rights of women and chill
dren and give unfortunate debtors a
chance to start anew in our State. We
certainly should do that much, is the
| opinion of many like myself who have
land to sell and want neighbors.
SUBSCRIBER.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-02-05
CHOWAN FARMERS TO THE
LEGISLATURE.

Wardville Farmers Alliance, No.
LAG, of Chowan county, to the
General Assembly of North Caro-
Ina, greeting:-We, the members of
the above Alliance, respectfully ask
for the following legislation:
lst. That the law requiring the ap-
pointment of cotton weighers be re-
.pealed and that cotton be weighed
and branded before it leaves the gin,
the ginner to be sworn to give lust
weight, and that weight to be the
selling weight.
I'd. That the law against carrying
concealed weapons be so amended as
to make it a crime punishable by a fine
of $25 for each and every offence; all
such money to be applied to keeping
up the public roads.
Sd. That habitual drunkenness be
made a crime punishable by a fine of
ten dollars and imprisonment at the
discretion of the court for every time
any such person shall curse or abuse
any member of his family or any other
person, and if such criminal is not able
to pay the fine he shall be hired out to
pay the fine and costs, the fine to go
to the public road fund.
4th. That the power of magistrates
be enlarged SC that they will have
Jurisdiction over all cases where deadly
weapons are used, with authority to
empanel a jury when in their judg-
ment it is necessary or expedient to do
SO. Adopted in open Alliance on the
9Th day of January, 1889.
ALEX. COPELAND, Prest.
A. A. PARRISH, Sec'y.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-02-05
RULES OF ORDER,

SECTION /. The President shall take
the chair precisely at the hour APP
pointed for the opening of the ALI
ance, and shall Immediately call the
members to order.
Sec. 2. The President shall have
the general direction of the hall; he
may designate any member to per
form the duties of the Chair; he may
preserve strict order in the proceed
ings of the Alliance.
Sec. 8. All committees shall be ap-
pointed by the President, unless other.
wise ordered by the Alliance.
Sec. 4. In all cases, the member
who shall first receive recognition by
the Chair shall speak first, but when
two o members raise at the
same time the President shall recog-
nize the ole farthest off.
SEC. 5. No member shall speak more
than once on the same question, nor
more than ten minutes, unless by con
sent of the body, and shall be confined
to the question under discussion, and
shall avoid personalities.
SEC. 6. Any question may be dis
cussed in open Alliance in a non-par.
tisan and non-sectarian sense.
Sec. Z. Any member may call fol
a statement Of the question under con.
sideration, which may be stated by
the President or Secretary.
SEC. s. Any member may call for Q
division of the question. The Presi
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-02-05
WISE ACTION OF CUMBERLAND
FARMERS.
LITTLE RIVER ALLIANCE, No. 1877,
January l9, 1889.

LITTLE RIVER ALLIANCE, NO. III,
January 19, 1889.
EDITOR FARMER Although our
Alliance was organized over a year
ago and has not been heard of through
the columns of your valuable paper,
we are neither dead o have we been
asleep. Our Alliance now numbers
upwards of sixty members and is get
ting in fine working condition. By
sentencing closely and examining
carefully, we realize the fact that u
relief is not wholly dependent upon
State and National legislation, but
that there is a serious trouble lying at
our own door-steps Therefore, in
view of this fact, we have
ReSolved, That we will lessen the
acreage in cotton and increase the
acreage in all grain crops.
Resolved, That we will buy less fer
t~ilizers and make more manures at
home. In fact, use every means and
put forth our every effort to make
our farms more productive and en-
tirely self-sustaining. We stand by
our motto, "In union there is
strength" and hope by a persistent
effort and concert of action that much
good may be accomplished through
our order.
We notice with interest the steps
taken by the State Grange in their
last meeting in regard to guano. There
seems to be some suspicion of a trust.
Keep US posted through your paper in
regard to trusts and combines of all
sorts. Just give the signal, and we
will rally to your warning. May
not suggest hat you keep US posted
in prices current through your paper {
We need a reliable source by which
we may know the commercial value OF
all we have to buy and sell. Ere long
you may expect a lengthy and interest.
ing article from one of our most
worthy members. In the future you
will be posted as to the workings Of
our Alliance.
With best wishes for The Pro
GREssIvE FARMER and it's noble editor
I am, Yours fraternally,
B. B. ADAMS, Sec'y.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-02-05

dent shall decide as to its divisibility,
subject to appeal, as In questions OF
order.
SEC. 9. Every member present when
the question is put, shall vote, unless
excused by the vote of the body.
SEC. 10. While the President is
stating a question or addressing the
body, no one shall walk across the
hall, and while a member is speak
ing, no one shall pass between the
speaker and the Chair. No member,
or other person, shall 60 and remain
at he-Secretary's table while the yeas
and nays are being taken or ballots
counted, except the Secretary and his
assistants.
SEC. IL. All resolutions and amend
ments to resolutions shall be made IN
writing and signed by the author.
When such motion is made and sec
onded, and shall have been stated by
the Chair, it is then the property of
the house, AMI cannot be withdrawn
without the consent of the house.
Sec. II. When a question is under
debate, no motion will be received but
to adjourn, to take a recess, to lay on
the table, for the previous question, to
postpone, to amend, to postpone inde6-
nitely, which several motions shall
have precedence of each other in the
order in which they are arranged.
SEC. ID. A motion to adjodrn is
always in order, but being decided in
the negative shall not be again enter
tanned until some motion, call or order
shall take place. The motion to adj
journ, to take recess, to lay on the
table, to take from the table, and all
questions relating to the priority OF
business shall be decided without de-
bate.
Sec. IA. No motion or proposition
differing from the subject under con.
sideration shall be admitted under
color of amendment.
Sec. Is. 1fany member, in speaking
or otherwise, transgresses the rules OF
order, the President shall, or any mem.
Der may, call the member to order,
and the member called to order shall
take his seat if required to do so by
the President, until the question OF
order is decided. All questions of or
der shall be decided by the Chair
without debate, subject to appeal tc
the house. No member shall speak on
the appeal more than once, and only
five minutes, unless by leave of the
body, except the party appealing, who
may speak twice.
SEC. Is. All reports of committees
shall be made in writing, and be signed
by such members rs concur therein,
and the report, with the names of the
members signing the same, shall be
read at the Secretary's desk by the
Secretary or the member making the
report, with a motion.
Sec. II. Cushing's Manual and Law
of Legislative Assemblies shall be re
ceived as the rule in all cases not pro
vided for in the foregoing rules.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1889-02-05
A ARE TOO HIGH.

CHATHAM, Co., N. c., Jan. II, '88.
Coz. L. L. PoLK.-Deaq SSr ~
will try to write a short letter. have
tried to get subscribers to The Pro
GREssIvE FARMER, but have failed so
far; but several have promised to sub
scribe for it as soon as they can do so
conveniently. Money is very scarce
and we made the poorest crop of corn
and cotton last year we have made in
many years, owing to a big hail storm,
End of June; and then it was quite
dry until the first of September.
Nearly all the farmers will have to
buy corn and will need all their money
for the present. I have tried to get
our Alliance to subscribe to the Bust
ness Agency Fund, but have failed SO
far; but I trust it will do so at our
regular meeting January 18th.
The resolutions adopted by the
North Carolina Farmers Alliance
were read and endorsed unanimously.
We also endorsed the resolutions
adopted by the Chatham County
Farmers Alliance at their meeting
first Friday in January; and it also
unanimously passed the following:
We think that the time has arrived
when the salaries Of all the officers and
Judges, both State and county, should
be cut down so as to more nearly cor
respond with what farmers are getting.
We do not think it right that they
Officers and Judges) should get the
salaries now that were fixed for them
several years ago when everything
brought nearly a. high again as they
do now, therefore we respectfully ask
all Alliances in the State to join us IL
petitioning the Legislature to pass a
law reducing the salaries of all the
officers, state and county, and also
Judges, to bring them more In proper
ton to what farmers r getting for
their labor.
Now, Mr.. Editor, we would be
much obliged to you if you would
take hold of this thing and help us,
for you know that there is too much
difference between what officers get
and farmers make, and it must be
changed, and those that take hold Of
this thing will be greatfully remem-
bered. If the present Legislature
fails to do something, the people will
send others next time. The salaries Of
officers must come down now. l
think So, 900 and a fine home for the
Governor ought to satisfy any man,
for one year, and I think $4,000 is
enough for our Judges, for I verify
believe we have four more Judges
than is really needed, two Supreme.
Court Judges and two Superior Court
Judges,
Now, Mr. Editor, if you can induce
the State Chemist to give you a for
mula to make a fertilizer and publish
it in your paper, I think you could do
us q great deal of good.
hope you will soon enlarge TIE
PROGRESSIVE FARMER.
LIVE AND LET LIVE.
Envy vhas a mean shpirit, but if