The Republican., 1889-12-14
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

Steel ties are the next thing in rail-
ways. The Carnegie works at Pittsburgh
are turning out one minute.
1t will require 1000 bales of cotton
for the mills of the Amoskeag Manufac-
turing Company at Manchester, n. H.,
for the coming year.
"A French chemist believes himself
able to tell whether a soil is deficient in
phosphorus, potash or nitrogen by the
shade of green of the vegetation. The
leaves become yellowish when nitrogen
is lacking.
There are four products of Cali
fornia," says Pacific Coast journal,
which will shortly command the market
of this country and will seek outlets
abroad. These are raisins, figs, prunes
and olive OIL"
DR.. Dornill, of Paris, says infectious
diseases are often transmitted by ice,
especially typhoid fever. He advises
the use Ofartificial ice, made from boiled
or spring water, and condemns ice OBJ
tanned from ponds or rivers liable to
contamination.
1t is stated that in one establish
ment in Cincinnati the large number of
q, 900 gold dollars are annually beaten
out into gold leaf-a statement not
more remarkable than the fact, as is
also asserted, that as many as / 400
thicknesses of the gold leaf are required
to equal a sheet of thin paper and $780,
600 to form an inch.
Thu Waiuht that ba 1iffod INV
screw, or the tension that can be given
bolt or stud by using wrench to the
nut, can be determined by finding the
distance moved by the power or the
hand in making one complete revolution
of the wrench. Divide this by the pitch
or the screw, and multiply the quotient
by the power applied. There will be
from 20 to IS per cent. deducted for fric-
tion.-The Jeweler.
"A congress was recently held in
Paris to protest against the abuse of to-
baccco, says the Pharmaceutical Era.
Explaining why the German, who
smokes more than the Frenchman, poi
sons himself less, NJ. Ortolan said that
the percentage of nicotine in tobacco is
less when the stalks grow close together
and when the leaves are numerous and
placed low on the stalk; hence in Ger
many, where tobacco growing is unre-
stricted, the amount of nicotine is less
than in the French tobacco, where the
industry is regulated by government
and the number of leaves to the stalk is
limited. French tobacco contains as
much as six per cent of nicotine.
An archaeological discovery was re-
Gently made in German Altenburg on
tEc Danube, in a curious manner. After
a weeks study, from an elevated point
of view, of an extensive corn-field,
whose colors showed great variations,
Prof. Hauser declared that an ancient
amphitheatre must be buried under
meath. The corn was quite ripe over
the centre of the ruins. where the soil
was thickest, and elliptical lines of
green growing paler the higher they
rose, showed the seats. Subsequent ex-
cavations confirmed this theory, and
brought to light the structure, with a
paved road leading to the camp of Car
numtum.
Experts estimate the total value of
ladies' cloaks produced in the United
States at 81, 200, 900 to S., 600, 900 year.
About three-fourths of the manufactur-
ing of these cloaks is done in the city of
New York. Chicago comes next, Cleve-
land next. Boston, Philadelphia and
Cincinnati do still smaller business. In
the last seventeen years cloaks have
driven shawls steadily out of the mar
ket, until they have almost disappeared.
There is about S25,O0O,OO capital in
vested in the ladies' cloak business of
the United States. About $1,000, 900 a
year is paid in wages to the workmen.
70 make S5O,0O00OO worth of cloaks
uses up about $25, 100000 worth of do
mestic goods and trimmings every year.