davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1889-11-19

Selbftmuro 1T nt6t i5Iimmsr ais bic
Serna6IdIitsuns zines 5uitsns. Sur nur
25 Gents fam man cine SIai6e Or.
8ul's 5uitsn Sprup taufsn uno 10 benz
Cobe entasben.
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1889-11-19

81 unisrem Selma, nit feiusn uisIfadsn
asnosrunsen 1T es uirtli4 cine @obItbat
tir bic Ieioenbe Nsnidbsit, baB ioI1' sin
tlnipsrla | WtitteI wie Suluation Del, trt
flint. SO uertreibt Rbsumatif mus iofort.
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1889-11-19
Gin intetliacuter Yettlsr bat In ben let

Gin intetliacntsr Yettlsr bat in ben Isss
ten Gassn @Ibs,fslo NIT sinsm geIu4e Be-.
ebrt. DerisIbs nabm Rd. IA sr nit bsm
b~OrtiSsn etui4!dsisen SsrbdItniHsn ni5t
bstanrt, eiuen Dienffmann, Der ibm bic
6duisr. btinnsn miIos Ssrseu idIassu, Act.
gen muBte. Eas v9.i4dit~ ioI tin redt
flottss ssweien isin. SIS ssbt bob ui9ts
iibsr sinsn prattti1sn CHM.
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1889-11-19
Nud cine Empfsblunq,

afsfor: r0ie iunssn Mdbdsn 5sut'
tutass itnO bod re6t anipru6suoa =
Nutter: %, msine EOdter lit 10 bsi9et:
ben, bic nimmt Ssben."
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1889-11-19

grOOtlpn. %. g., 6ebruar, 1889. -
Neun Ronate lit i'd an rbsumatti5en
9 tmerSen; cine babe Tlaide st. Satobs
Del beilte mid tn ie9s Stunbsu. - Nido:
las Wsiienise.
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1889-11-19
GrjaB.

a.: pSebsn Sic nur, Der aIts SER
bort am gnos bss Iii3ss rsbst ia fein
Wott. D.: % bod, bsoba4ten sic
nur, ME er - benz 8sine 3uipri1t."
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1889-11-19
In tbeuer.

SIaat: r8as toitst elm Bab2"
@aiRrsr: ri Rart 80 Bferniss."
Siaat: raOnnten Sic mir niat seben
elm Bah nit Ss5raudtem Wafa?"
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
DRIVEN INSANE BY CHURCH TROU.
BlES

TORONTO, Ont, Jan. Church troubles
here have driven pastor insane. The I'M
fortunate pastor is the Rev. Andrew
Thomas of Louisville, Ky, and the con-
gregation in which the dissensions have
arisen, and over which he had control, is a
reformed Presbyterian church. which very
curiously is not within the jurisdiction of
any Canadian presbytery, but having de-
clared itself independent OF all other
churches, had attached itself to the pres
byterv of the Presbyterian Cove
nantng church of Pitteburg, Pa,
the same city in which the pastor last had
charge Various troubles arese between
the pastor and his congregation. He did
not pray for Queen Victoria, and this
aroused considerable anger towards him.
He was alleged to have been an advocate
of slayeryin the ante-bellum history of the
United States, and this tended TO intensity
the opposition to him. The climax was
reached when, a few weeks ago, the pastor,
backed by the board of elders. or sec
ton of them, and a portion of the
congregation, appointed new pre-
centor without properly Kidding them
selves of his predecessor. On the follow
ing Sunday, and, in fact, every Sunday
since then, the two precentors have striven
for the mastery in respect to leading the
singing. There is no organ, the question
of instrumental music. in fact, being the
rock on which this church fell away from
its parent These troubles worried Mr..
Thomas greatly, and even more SO when
he discovered that the congregation was
trying to get new pastor from the Pitts
bnrk Presbytery He denounced his OPP
ponents from the pulpit as pack of
block heads. and in various ways showed
signs OF great inward agitation and OF
inability To properly control his feelings.
At last his mind began to wander.
One day last week he was found wan
dering aimlessly about the suburbs Of
the city. he WAS promptly taken care
of by being locked up IN bis room.
since then he has repeatedly shown great
ingenuity in escaping from his room and
wandering aimlessly about and otherwise
acting irrationally- He is at the same
time unable 10 speak inteliigentiy, and ex-
hibits other proofs Of mild inssRity. HIS
friends came from Louisville today TO
take him home.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
20" STRIKE MATTERS.

CHICAGO, Jan. LIN regard 70 rumor
that the strike Of the engineers Of the
Chicago. Burlington & Quincy railroad
had been settled. second Fice-Preeident
Stone said that yesterdays conference be-
tween the officials of the road and the
brotherhood COMMITTEES had afseurnef till
Wednesday which was evidence thar a
conclusion hsd not been reached The
company, ne said, would not reeeds il the
slightest degree from It's present position
not one man Of the pew engineers fremeo.
switchnlen or breakrnen would be d fS-
charged tn make way for the - rikerS The
company had no I'll viii against the Ssrik-
inc men desired in M wsy 70 prosecute
them, but justice must be done 70 the new
men. -. !
as the strike in a fair way 81 final sefvfh.
ment, Mr.. StoDes' -s
'Yoa may say thar the present commit
tee OF nine has saosvn bitter efsDo- ton
70 treat fairy with Us than any stAsE.
They are fae body OF iuteiligea; mea.
Tie engineers, il Is understood. are pre-
pairing q manifesto which VIII BE- given -
tht press some time during the wsex- Its
contents are not pet glrea out. There are
many coed reasons for believing az IS q
complete review OF the strike and = defense
OF the ess9iuss-s frnua their ss-ndE-asni
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
MERLE, THE DEFAUlTER.

SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. From suit
brought here it would appear that Charles
f. Merle, president Of the California Bone
Meal Fertilizer company and local agent
for Fairbanks & Co, of Chicago, who
disappeared last week, had caused an over
issue of $50 shares of fertilizer company
stock. A meeting of directors of the Bone
Meal company was held yesterday after
noon and according to the books it APP
peared that their liabilities were but ST.
40t 4 committee of three was appointed
TO investigate the affairs of the company
and report as soon as possible. One of the
officers of the company gave it as his opin-
ion that Merle had committed suicide TO
avoid exposure.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
THE SUNS ECLIPSE.
A Favorable Day for Observations on the
.95aGae Pacific Coast.

al n.
SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 1.-Conditions were
generally favorable today, both in Califor-
MIA and Nevada. for a clear observation of
the total eclipse of the sun. In this city
the eclipse was only partial, Half Of the
totality in California was from fifty to 100
miles north Of san Francisco, and trains
from this city this morning conveyed
a large number of people to the
various points suitable for. observations.
The weather at Marysville was very
clear. The first contact was about 12:30.
Several streaks of lightning were observed
during the totality. Several photograph
ers were on the spot and made photographs
of the eclipse during its totality and the
views will be sent to Amherst college.
Prof Holden, of Lick observatory, tele-
graphs to the Associated Press that the
beginning of the eclipse was successfully
observed at that point and also
the last contact. The party from Lick
observatory in charge of Prof kellar
made successful observations at Bartietts
Springs. Prof. Keller telegraphs to the
Associated Press that the corona was
beautifully distinct and that he saw re-
markable change in the length of coronal
lines. Prof. Barnard obtained nine photo
graphs. ~ ... .s.r I..
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
AN ADDRESS BY HARRISON.
The General Delivers a Feeling Speech to
His Grand Army Comrades,

INDIANAPOLIS, Jan. 1.-George II.
Thomas post No Il, the oldest Grand
Army post in the city, held its regular an
nual installation meeting tonight for the
purpose .of installing the newly elected
officers. Between two and three hundred
veterans were present. General Harrison
is a member of the post, and Comrades
Robbins and Spear were appointed a COM
mittee to visit General Harrison's resi-
dence and escort him ito the hall. Only
members of the post were present
About 9 O'Clock General Harrison arrived
ar the hall. He made a brief address TO
his comrades. explaining that he could not
remain and participate in the installation
ceremonies. as he would like TO. but before
taking leave he desired 70 talk TO them a
few moments. He referred 70 the fact thst
many men had gone into the army aud
gone ont of the army and that he was
about to be mustered in again. This refer
ence TO approaching assumption OF the
high Office of comnander-in-chief of
the army elected an approving demon
Stration from the veterans. He was glad
TO see them and he valued beyond expires
sion the bond of comradeship OF the
Grand Army Of the Republic, This ex-
preston Was loudly cheered. He felt
that it was great honor that the priv
lege had fallen To them of defending the
flag and 1t was an honor that should be
valued above all other honors They had
not only defended the flag of their country,
born and baptised in the blood of the Rev
olution, but also defended and preserved
the ideas and principles of a free govern
ment, rs they were handed down TO US
FROM the patriots of old.
He then spoke briefly upon the subject
of free ballot and fair count lie feared
no interference from foreign nations: we
were at peace with the world, Neither
did he fear or apprehend civil discussions.
Tie only menace today 70 cur Institutions
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
THE WAR IN HAYTL.
Ridiculous Action of One of Genaral Legi.
times Gunboats. -sqIC

New YORK, Jan 1.-The Clyde steamer
Geo. w. Clyde, from Dominican ports,
which got in Saturday night, reports that
while she was at Monte Christi, which is
the Dominican port nearest the north
Haytian frontier, the Legitimists' gun
boats Toussaint LOuverttre and
Mansel entered the harbor, steamed
around the Clyde without mailing.
and carefully inspected her at
close quarters The Mansel is an addit
to Legitimes navy. On the 10Th the Clyde,
seeking cargo, entered Manzanilla bay,
whose waters wash both Hayden and
Dominican Shores The Toussaint fOuyer-
ture and Mansel were near by. Troops
were seen drawn up on their decks. Capt.
Holmes went OFT In gig to the. Domini-
can sloop Cleopatra. The Toussaint
IOuverture lowered a boat. Two officers
and four marines gotinte it and the boat
pulled toward the gig, but simply chased
it to the sloop and back, the marines
keeping their muSkets cooked and ready.
Besides this ridiculous performance the
Toussaint L'Ouverture, Capt. Holmes says,
had the swivel gun upon her deck trained
upon the Clyde's broadside all the time the
Clyde was in the harbor. On the I'D the
small British schooner Aurora. Captain
Wilson, flying the Dominican flag, and
loaded with provisions. probably for Hayti-
an ports, from Monte Christi, was over
hauled In Dominican waters by crew
from the Haytien gunboat, Capt. Wilson
and his crew were taken aboard the gun
boat and put in irons The crew of a little
brig wrecked on the Dominican shore
was then impressed and put aboard
the Aurora as a prize crew. The next
morning the gunboat left, towing the
Aurora. They were afterwards seen lying
off Cape Baytien in the track of vessels
from New York to that port. The gun
boat Dessalines WAS reported wrecked off
Port de Paix -sd
General Contrereas denies that he has
been appointed Legitime's consul general
here.
Minister Preston has received the off
cial account of the bombardment of
Cape Haytien. The DeSsalines was fired
upon. by Fort Picelet on November and
returned the fire, silencing the fort.
Advancing toward the town, .sthe
gunboat was next fired upon by
ST. Joseph's battery, and it silepced that.
The old French battery by the town next
opened fire and the Dessalines sentenced
that. Only Il few chance shots struck the
town. The commander reported to his
government that there would have been
no particular excitement if one of the
shells had not come dangerously close TO
United States Consul Goudier's house and
scared him out of his wits. 1t was he, the
commander alleged, that started all the
sensational reports about the Smelling of
the town. No shots were fired from the
Dessalines except the very few necessary
TO silence the forts.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02

~ -
army and nayy-was probably the most
interesting OF all. The army officers were
first presented. Recent affliction in the
family of Major General Schofeld, conn
nlandingthe army prevented his presence
and the linewas headed by Brigadier Gen
eral Hazen~ tretired), Brigadier> General
Benet, chief of ordnance, the second rank
ing officer in the city-Near1y all the Off
GERS stationed in the vicinity were present
and of course all were in full uniform.
Among those in line were Generals Keith.
McFeefy, Baird, n cKeever,s and many
younger officers wholhave made records In
the campaigns against the Indians. The
column of naval officers was headed by ADJ
miral. Porter, Rear Admiral sJonet, Rear
Admiral Susal, and Commodores Walker,
Sickard, Melville, and Colonel McCawley
occupied places near the heal of the line.
Senators and representatives were as
signed a place ahead Of the army and
navy but they were nearly all late and
took places wherever most convenient.
They were less III number than usual,
Among them were = Senators Daniels,
rill. lyalthaN. Sherf1latf,. Palmer, Man
derson, Davis, and Teller; Representatives
Burrows, johnson, PI<ilgore. SPayson,
Herbert, Wilkins, Jackson, Mills, Cannon;
Thompson, of California: Wheeler, Cowles,
Bacon, Mansar, Yoder, kei cham, Far
qUhar, Lyman, Lodge, Sowden, Thompson,
of Ohio; Martin. Gear, Baker. Ryan. Nor
row and Cutcheon.TlaE r.. sd
The congressional delegation was fol-
lowed by the commissioners of the District
of Columbia, officers of the Smithsonian
institute and of ALI executive departments
Among these walked Assistant Secretaries
Thompson and Maynard, General Steven
son, General Knott, Assistant Secretary
Rives and Aid de Solicitor Jencls; Prof.
Garlande, Librarian Spofford and Com
missiOners Cooley, Bragg and Schoon-
maker, Of the interstate commerce COM
mission. The close of the official line was
composed of veterans of the war OF 1916,
and Grand Army of the Republic and the
members of the Oldest Inhabitants asso-
citation.
So far the reception had occupied over
an hour and a half and the president and
Mrs. Cleveland had kept up constant
hand shaking. The reception, however,
was just about half over, as at O'Clock
the outer doors were thrown open and the
general public was admitted
The first corners of this vast crowd had
taken places at the outer gates before 10
o'clock. The attendance was larger than
on any similar occasion during the present
administration. The reception closed at
o clock and few guests invited by the
president Joined the receiving party in d
light lunch served i'll the upper corridor.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
FREDERIOK'S RECEPTION.
No Special Interest Attached to the Em-
perors Remarks

BERLIN, Jan 1.-The emperor's remarks
during the reception today were without
special interest The days ceremonies
were ushered in by trumpeters. Divine
service in the chapel were attended by the
emperor and empress, Prince and Princess
Henry of Prussia, Prince Albert OF
Prussia, Prince George of Saxony,
Prince Leopold of Bavaria, the
Grand Duke and Grand Duchess Of Baden,
Grand Duke of Hesse and the Duke and
Duchess of Saxe-MeiuinIngen and a bril-
liant array of generals commanding va
was general reception of court and min
isterisl officials long train defiiin2 be-
fore the emperor and empress. The ladies
were IN half mourning, wearing high
Decked dresses aud bonnets, but no Jewels.
The congratulations course was held in
the white salon of the schloss and was dis
tinct from the special audience accorded
TO the foreign ambassadors. At the latter
reception the emperor is reported as hav-
ing addressed each representative Of the
great powers with the same formula. ex-
pressing his desire for the continuance of
cordial relations Official communications
issued this evening states the emperor re-
Trained from special reference 20 the poiiti-
cal situations.
Prince Bismarck's attack of Deuralgic
govt IS abafing, but he Is unable TO fix a
date for coming TO Berlin He Will Ger
taiDiy not be able either TO be preset at
the opening of the Iaudtag or 10 par
ticipate in the colonial debates in the
reiehstag. Tue landtag will be opened
by the emperor The session viii be an
interesting one. Government measures
include oils dealing with police
administration IA eastern provinces,
clerical education in Posea and extension
Of railways on the eastern frontier.
For the last named purpose, Minister
Masback wants 8 credit OF 100000
marks
The public prosecutor today served upon
Prot GeEekea an Indictment FOR LicL
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
NEW YORKs NEW MAYOR.
Hugh ]. Grant Formally Assumes Centre!
of his Office,

/ NEW YoRS, Jan A4lAt precisely ns To-
day the new mayor, Hugh ]. Grant was
led to his desk in the city. hall by Hon.
Abram S. Hewitt For more than an hour
previous the city hall was filed by a
sthrong to witness the ceremony of the in
coming mayors. induction ineo office
Mayor Hewitt first received AR. Grant in
his private room. After brief converse
ton both geutiemeneutered the mayors
Office, and leading Mr. Grant, TO the
mayors desk Mr.. Hewitt said .''fccording
to law, the hour of L o'clock this day
brings my official duties to an end and
your term as mayor begins. l can only
say that If you have half the pleasure in
taking up these duties that | have in lay
ing them down you must feel a very happy
moment. | wish you every happiness in
your administration" Then turning to
the assemblage Mayor Hewitt continued:
Gentlemen, i Hlsred uce TO you the mayor
of the city of New York" He then walked
out of the building
There was good deal of cheering for
Mayor Grant, but WHEN the crowd be-
thoughtitsef of the outgoing mayor and
gave him'a livelY cheer Mr., Hewitt was
out of hearing distance The heads of de-
partments elected in December were also
installed
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
pREsgYTeRlAN CONFERENCE.

NEW YORK, JAN. The joint commit
tee of the Presbyterian church Tor the
north and south concluded their confer
ence today. 1t was announced thaenoth-
ing definite had been accomplished "fhe
various discussions,p said Rev. Hoge OF
Richmond. Va. took a wide range than
anticipated. The topics under consldera-
ton were of such importance that after
spending days in then. Consideration 1t
was deemed advisable by the joint com
mittee to adjourn aud hold a meeting at
some future time and place. Adoption Of
this course was deemed necessary from the
fact that some OF the members u the
southernrcommittee were obliged 70 r.
turn south TO meet engagements. IL was
accordingly agreed to adjourn and hold
another meeting in Atlanta, Ga, April q
next.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
EOuGNT OYER THEIR RECORp.

MILWAUKEE. Jan. l.--Lbuis Schmidt. an
inmate of the soldiers nome and 65 years
Of age. stabbed a fellow veteran named
Wenduder with fatal effect this afternoon.
causing instant death. The two men had
quarreIled in a discussion over their re-
spective war records. while drinking in a
saloon and almost came 10 blows there.
Schmidt procured knife and waited for
Werduder on the road leading 20 the home
and plunged it into his stomach. The
murderer then proceeded 70 the home and
gave himself up. TO the provost sergeant
who turned LIN over TO the sheriff.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
THE PROGRAM IN CONGRESS.
Tariff VIII Have Preference Over all
Other Measures.

WASHINGTON, Jan. l. nder the agree
ment made respecting the tariff bill the
senate will meet tomorrow morning at IL
o'clock and continue to do so until a vote
Is taken on the passage Of the bill. After
the miscellaneous business Is disposed OF
Che consideration of the tariff bill will be
resumed and it will have the right OF way
over all other measures until action rs
taken on the 2lst inst.
Mr.. Chandler gave notice the day before
the holiday recess that Immediately upon
Resembling he would call I'D his reSolu-
lion on privileges and elections to investi-
gate the general elections in Louisiana
and Rhode Island within the past year,
and to investigate the general election IN
any other state, if the committee deem 1t
necessary. That resolution Will, there
fore come up tomorrow, but opposition
will in all probability cause postponement
of consideration at the most until the
tariff is out of the way,
IN THE HOUSE.
The prospects are that when the house
meets tomorrow morning it will lmme-
siately proceed to consideration of some
of the appropriation bills now on the cali
sndar The unfinished business is the bill
10 incorporate the Nicaragua Canal COM
pany. which has been favorably reported
10 the house with amendments from the
committee of the whole. Friends of the
bill will call it up Friday and secure
rote on it.
Should opportunity offer this week Mr.,
crisp, from the committee on elections,
will call up the South Carolina contested
election case of Smalls VS.. Elliott, The
settlement of this case will leave only one
pther case to be disposed of-that OF Sulll-
van vs. Tilten, of California.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02

The rntnix.STs wife 81 On the fro5t
porch r7e-dIsg the eiothss q che II her
numerous p=oSsry. A nelghtor y2szizg
s.ysyr.ss IL for sc-i2l ciAa:- 4 large
work t.Ake<, half fnli If bs1.aons. -; On
the for II the porch After ssr3oss re-
marks Ct gosspy f4stcrs, re visitor
sad.
You seen 10 he VII srppiIea xI.h
bzt1ors, Ers- Goodman
Yes. feyy vel iDdesL
Z" sfy grsc.zzsl IL thsys ami tro Of
The same bsztszs zs husband lad On lis
las. IE.zter sit "a kIo~ 'eza sny-
wae-uTJ -
'Indeeds- sid tie m4ziEsr's wife.
czltxaiy. II an scryr.se4 70 bear IA, as
ali taese but.cns were found Il tie ecu,
tritza.icn box s. ] stsozsgLt I rnixhs -
vel pat tbeza g suras rss. 70 I-xtss.
rrE.st y0s gez Well - sure 10 ell
xgsa.-weEs Point Alnz.ce.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
THE SENATE PROGRAM.
TARIFF WILL HAVE PRECEDENCE
OVER EVERYTHING.
Few Minor Items Yet Stand in Its
Way---A Vote to be Taken
on the 21st.
Approximation Bills the Order in the House
The Nicaragua Canal Measure
Docketed for Friday.
The White House New Year Reception
Attended by a Large Number Of
Guests-Gen and Mrs. Harri-
son Entertain a Host
of Friends.
WEATHER BULLETIN.

signal OFFICE, WICHITA, Kan, Jan.
The highest temperature was 1857
the lowest 205o, and the mean 27.5
with warmer fair weather and light south
erly wind, slowly falling barometer.
The maximum velocity OF the wind
was south miles per hour at $50 a. IN.
Mean barometer reduced to sea level was
at a. m. 30. 100 inches; at p. m. G.24l
inches.
Mean relative humidity 125 per cent.
FRED l.. JOHNSON. Observer.
WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON, d. u,
Jan 1.-The indications for twenty-touf
hours, commencing Wednesday, January
2. at a. M, are as follows:
For Misseuri-Fair, warmer, southwest
erly winds, fresh to brifh along the lakes.
For Kansas Fair colder except in eX-
tre1ne portions nearly stationary variable
winds
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
1uF wl,T,aa7 gsylzR, MO.

JEFFERSON CTTY, No, jan Id
jutaut-General Jameson today received
petitions from the sheriff and citizens Al
Beyier asking him TO keep the militia
there twelve DAYS longer, a. trouble L
feIred IL the militia leave The militia
however viii be ordered Of duty At
Bevier on "wednesday, January :.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1889-01-02
ALL CONSTANTS WOUNDED.

AUGUSTA, Ga. Jan. IA report reached
here last night of bloody fight about
eighteen mi es from this city on Saturday
in which all four participants were badly
injured Louis Black and man named
Brown were hunting on the land of sam
Fielding, when he and his sons appeared
with guns and a battle ensued. All par
ties are still living.