The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-11-19

D1I E=1rC's lana ~ D l1SSos-atlT
CT ed with tn hss---y Of SrzZil, 10
o-y TT tie rsrt hs - i the snz1cips =
uol Ct re FIzTes but for r1s era q prosp.r-
II E1lc1 cane 70 TIE empire under his
-z-s- he vas oos % 80 Oldest. most En-
lg1-e-so aid progressive = s1Tsreigns, and,
r.o-g1 TIE rsp1Dtic usy Be proclaimed.
even rep1b1cans vii D. sn51g ne fTss %
49, II lin spleoti6 plaza II the hlssory
@ The c5ucuy. Tn= soy Of ths eseao-
81 LIS ottea basa toli few fzcss coa-
nscsed thsreEith nay dli p.scs hare
Il was during re Nsooleonic
vars that TIE Prioos Regent OF
. Portugal found temporary refuge in
his Solth American POSSESSIONS, where he
remained from ISJS . 81 Then lie re-
I t1rnsd % Lisbon, lsaTi1g his eldest son.
Don Pedro L, Ra-z.r Of Brazil Two
years sfrsrEsrd tee s7l proclaim TIE
I i1dsPz11s1ce o. tbs E1Zdon, and MS own
{ s-eTe-lo1 as emperor, rs1ou1cl1g a. the
I sans tine his hersil-s-y rights 20 tie
/ throne OF Portugal = LIBERAL constitution
/ vas framed and ed92.si, but after nine
7 years the new enpsro- grew unpopular and
4 had d sodica.e, his s51, Dom Pedro Il,
( slccseii1g him uads- the guidance Of a
regency. He was CT Sn=d IN 1910, and
7 sinoe thea has won TIA fans Of one Of the
/ bzs. and wlssst Of ruls-s. he placed him
/ self az the head Of tie uovsms1t in favor
I q the gradual enanc.9sIio Of slavery in
/ the empire; he has always taken g deep
Interest IN insernations! alliances for the
suppression OF the slave rrad4: IN opening
up the great rivers # his empire 70 TIE
| commerce Of the word; IN introducing rail-
roads, teleg-aphs, ? stsl ro1-es, public
I schools, and IN short, u assisting IN every
/ way toward the establishment If the era
| Of prosperity that las bslonZed to Brazil
fo- ths past decade. L has often been said
az the Portuguese PRICES have governed
I badly n every quarter OF the globe.
except in Brazil, where Dom Pedro, who
| has showed himselt 70 be among the mos:
/ enlightened and advanced of monarchs, has
ruled nearly forty-elg1t years. In charac-
| ter be was unaffected and democratic, and
was e-iently devoted 70 science, solid learn
| ing and needful inventions. He was always
| fo1dsr OF travel AMI the prosecution Of his
| favorite studies than OF rulersrlD. He was
| never unwilling 70 leave the affairs Of the
empire in order 70 follow his own tastes in
| travel and research. IL 1871 he visited
! London, Paris, Florence. Rome, Brussels
and other Europeal capitals, and in 1876
| he visited toe Unic>d States, where his
unassuming ways made him extre nelly
popular. While n Europe be liked to
pass unnoticed as az ordinary gentleman Of
leisure. He loved Intercourse with European
men OF science, learning and music. He
was one of the imperial guests at Bayreuth
| in 1873 who saw the first performances Of
| Wagner's "Trilogy.n He was a great ad-
mirer Of Victor Hugo and on one occasion
| he visited the poet IN very informal man
ner, inviting himself TO pot luck with the
| great Frenchman- He was a good linguist,
| speaking and writing fuently English,
| French, German, Spanish and italian, pre-
| ferring TO use French, however, in CONVEX
satIon. He was a N an Of striking physique,
standing six feet four and well proper
| toned. He bore the title Of "Imperaior
| constitutional g defensor perpetuo do
\ Brazil"
THE EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVES.
The great event Of the empsror's reign
| was the abolition Of slavery. Dom Pedro
has the credit Of drawing up the famous
| free birth law Of 1871, which practically
doomed slavary in Brazil and made subss-
| quent legislation for It's extirpatlon pos
| sible. Years before this he had set his
mind on effecting the abolition Of slavery.
| The free birth law did not have the good
| results expected from it, mainly because it
was not enforced at all. A more stringent
| law was passed in 1885, whereby all per-
sons born in slavery should be free at the
| age Of 81 and all slaves over 60 years of
| age should be entitled to liberty. To facili-
tate the operation of this law, a deduction
| of per cent. for each year was made in tie
| value of each slave, and tax Of 5 per cent.
| on all imports and internal taxes was i'm
posed for the government emancipation
fund Voluntary societies for buying up
| slaves sprang up in almost every city, and
| o province freed all its slaves by paying
| the masters the government valuation. Still
the emperor was dissatisfied with the slow
ness of this process, and through his
influence, a bill for the immediate
emancipation of the slaves was introduced
into parliament at each session. On leaving
Rio for his European tour he passed the
helm of affairs to his daughter Isabella, the
princess regent, with the injunction that
she should leave no means unexercised to
bring about the passage of the emancipation
bill. The bill was presented, and the min
istry, refusing to pass it, was asked to
resign by the princess regent A new
ministry was formed and the bill was passed
by both houses, and 100000 slaves were
virtually freed from servitude.
Tie Herald says that the reign Of
Emperor Dom Pedro I. was destined
| to be neither wise nor happy. He
gave himself up to Portuguese influence
| altogether too much to please the proud
Brazilians. He banished re most popular
men who had worked for independence, and
changed ministers 50 often as to give rise
to suspicion that he was too obstinately
inclined to push forward measures Of which
his advisers disapproved. His father died
| very opportunely, however. and he was
unanimously proclaimed King of Portugal.
He regained some OF his popularity by alb
dicating that throne in favor of his daugh-
ter, Donna Maria, but his line OF policy was
not altered aud he excited great bitterness.
Misfortunes eliminated in 1928. Calamitous
wars, costly international experiments.
the usurpation of the Portuguese crown by
Dom Miguel, dsagreeabe innovations By
an ultra-iberal Chamber Of Deputies-these
and Other things decided the emperor to
seek more brilliant destiny in Europe. He
first tried the desperate plan of forming
new ministry favorable to absolutism, and
when it failed he dissolved the ministry
without naming another, abdicated the
throne in favor of the heir apparent, then
years old, and embarked foi Portugal on
an English ship, leaving behind the new
emperor, Dom Pedro IL. and the Processes
Januaria Francisco and Paula His subse-
ouent career in Portugal was no more sue
cessful, and he died failure
YOUTHFUL MONARCH.
Brazil now really tasted sort of repub-
lican form of government, for the three
members composing the regency were
elected by the legislative chambers. In
1884 there was change to single regent,
chosen by all the electors in the same man.
ner as the deputies, and the councils of the
provinces were replaced by legislative