davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

The rainfall Of country is per
haps the most important element OF
the climate in its relation to material
interests because that one upon which
ali Others depend IS agriculture, may
be said to flourish within certain
limits. directly in proportion 10 the
amount OF rain fall Therefore. in
seeking q location. farmers should
give special attention to this point
In the United States the rain il.l
differs greatly IN frequency and voi-
urne in different PARTS. Over the
eastern bali il Is amply sufficient Tor
AZ needs Of agriculture. The Sest-
CID Lalf. however. with theexceptiOn
o! p rarrlw strip near the PEclhc
coast. las ~ insufficient SIMPLY -
much 50 that every v-hsre. except iI
l.raitel lo--EH5= vt5r- to local to-
---rl1 hv rr0iurCz OCCASIONAL rams,
.--.-assr- 81 u--rzr--y .-- tLe T-c-
E.c.-,4 o.! c-oP5 -5th any degree g
CERTAINTY. Inns i Al important rcat-
f-rt- fs---rrs s1yE-- loc-'-0-s ~
de W,s.-Nl.i5-.l Ec-u--lst
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06
The JOhnstOwn Horror.

For a number OF days the daily
papers have been filled with accounts
OF the wiping out of tho hourishinE
city of Johustown, Pa. by the bursting
of the dam which held back IN enor.
NOUS Reservoir above the city. Scarce
lv ever before was there calamity
SO appalling. 1t is estimated that
ten thousand lives were lost in con-
sequence. Fire lent its aid to the
floods in the destruction OF life and
property. The Express we'll says:
This terrible disaster teaches the
danger OF attempting to dam IN a
large body OF water. especially ut con
siderable elevation above the sur
rounding country. This dam had a
sheer height OF one hundred feet and
held a body of water four miles long
by one mile wide. with an average
dppth nf 80 feet For years danger
had been anticipated from its break
ing. and the possibilities had been
calculated and speculsted upon, by
some Of the more UbseTyant- Nho
lived in its uc.gh6orhood. while the
majority listened % rgmoTs Of danger.
appreLeudiug 10 hood until after
their dav.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

Since the close of the war between
the states the United States govern
ment has established eighty-fve ma
tional cemeteries, IN which are inter-
red the bodies of 325,230 Union
soldiers. OF this number 1883
graves are marked unknown.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

The defeat in Massachusetts, will
neither help or hurt MS much" Said
st. John, 1--WE have to fight up hill
and in the sand anyhow"
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

The Farmers Alliance of Louis,
lana, have decided to adopt cotton
bagging for the next crop and have
ordered 100000 yards
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

PosrrivsLy no communication published unless
,he writer's real name accompanies II, not for pub
iies,ion unless desired; but for our own benefit
and protection.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

Saws = Pans cOTrespOndent; "
CarnOt Is G shy. Centle-manusrei
man. though vlry Lrn IN hls dis
charge o. d5ty. whether disagToslh-s
or agreeable He looked another
t,rsor 81 tae exhitItioB. There Be
DISPLAYED 9 sweet l--utr E-I-a
showed that ahilc be- understood the
greatness 81 bIs position t. E.lt his
hc1i level
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

ALI cosnusIcArIoSs for the Pass Pass' should be
,ont 10 on Monday TO insure Insertion the same
week, aud all Advertisements and business notices
not later than Wednesday noon.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

CsCr-c G5zl5 Is elected --e= -c-.
&C. lie E.-.s-e -.sck P ~ SAITH zr7
5sz 5C-sailaa-s
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

Gen. Clinton b. Fisk in speaking
at the anniversary of the National
Temperance Society dubbed Mass
achusetts "The Old Bay Rum State.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

The account Of the orgies Mt the re-
cent centennial Banquet in New York
is O first class temperance sermon.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1889-06-06

T. REAS0NER.
New-York tribune., 1889-12-22
GENERAL WALLACE'S INTENTION.
HE HAS A cRossyTIE THAT NAY PAY BETTER
THAN BEN HUR."

HE HAS A CRossTIE THAT NAY PAY BETTER
THAN BEN HUR'
ceneral Lew Wallace who is Of a mechanical turn
-, Ind has invented a steel cross-te, with which he
expects to revolutlouize railroad building.
br fortune awaits the author of Ben fiur II ne
os succccdcd In making tie that be brought into
Oenera usep said leading railroad contractor tor
many wears we have been looking for something TO
take the place Of oak and pine, both OF which are
Incoming scarce and dear. Have you any idea OF the
number of running feet of timber used as crosstcs on
ho railroads OF the United statesl OF course not
II never occurred 10 you to make an estimate "eu'
let's see Each tle taking the average size, contains
forty feet of umber-boan measure, YOU understand
and again taking the average, there are ABOUT 2'ooo
ties TO every mile of road, giving us rOoo0C feet OF
lumber; and as there now In operation ABOUT
miles of railroad in this country, the total
amount of lumber used is 15,OOOOOoooo iee' fdAe
a pretty big forest to supply that, eh
Vow. in the timber region ties cost from 30 to 40
cents apiece but roads, like the Pennsylvania for
instance. that are far from the pine country, have to
nav sometimes As much as Fl 80 apiece for them
such roads must soon find cheaper and ii possible
mpnts with metal ties but have been entieey
satisfactory There two difficulties In thc way
cost and rigdity. What we want Is ue WIN ntie ne
elasticity and that can be prodce at reasonaole
nrJce I have not seen General Walace's Invention,
nor have read description Of 1t, and am therefore
unable 10 Ieage a,S wonld invent continuous rail-
for roads a rail that would dc away with joints and
fshpates The rattle Of the cleNated iosds, que
entirely to these open joints. is enough 10 drive tne
TOWN crsZv I can't see now people living along lhe
lines ever get used to II. IL seems 10 ME theie oug
10 be some way of stopping the noise methou Vi
doing is worth 100000 TO the dhcovecr or Inventor
New-York tribune., 1889-12-22
A COTSIN or EMIN PACHA.
10 San rranclsco Examiner.

From The san Francisco Examiner.
Jacob Schnltzer IS Hebrew gentleman living Win
his wife aud children at No. 341 Fourthst, III ths
city lie Is a cigarnaker by trade and Is employed III
a downtown cigar factory. An Examiner reporter
called upon him Yesterday at his residence ana asReu
him whether he knew Emin Pacha, the renowned eA-
plorcr and conQueror.
Why said he know him lie is my cousin ana
almost Of my age. Isaac, or Hmin AS the newspapers
cali him. Is only three years older than am. MI the
Schntzers are related and originate from krzeplc,
village in Poland, near the Prussan boundary, ouI
grandfather moved to Oppeln. ODER schcsln a. pper
Nesal, not village, the newspapers had IT, put
city Of about 20 900 inhabitants, and the seat OF inc
Government for the district called Regierungs BekrN
Oppch. My father settled in LubnltS' small town
near Oppeln There Isaac received ms elementary
training In sciences languages and Hebrew lore nc
went TO Brrslau to pursue his studies t Brcslau ne
studied medicine, and, IN Oppeln, he soon was
acknowledged the brightest student In his class NOT
only was he bright aud quick Of conception. but he
was studious and very ambitious ana wac pointed Gus
with the pride by tho professors Of the faculty. From
Rrsau lie went to koengsberg ana 'af'erwaid 10 ber
lin i'm pursuit of his studies, ana IN each place ne uis
nguished himself by his zeal 70 OBTAIN knowledge
Isaac or Emin had desire to travel and the bounda
rles Of Germany were too limited for his ambition.
lie went the orient. and at tat te lost track OF
him. | never heard anything from hun since, except
what read In the newspapers about him. IL seems
that lie had mission o perform and he set out TO ae-
complIsh H. It was the ambition Of his life. Neither
home nor family ties would deter him. he was i'm
peled io 60 and / believe that he accomplished that
mission. i am not surprised at his ultimate success,
for had every confidence that he would carry out
Ali his relatives have made their mark IN their re.
speclve pursuits except myself, who am humble and
obscure clgarmaker struggling for an existence.
did not make myself known as q near relative M the
eminent kmIn Pacha, because did not think that II
would add to his lustrc nor better my condition."
New-York tribune., 1889-12-22

at the store worked good while trying 70 make ous
what this could be- and finally one OF tnem M, "PI PRps
Old story that veteran Of tho Richmond campaign
once bought this book because he Thought tnat Lee
MlserabJess could be nothing else than an sccgune
Of the last days OF The unfortunate army Of Robert E
Lee Perhaps this man had the excuse OK lgnorsnccG ~
entomology I'm one OF the New England colleges once
came into Boston bookstore and inquired ior tpaf
hc was pretty familiar with the literature ~ llsec.s'
but he never remembered to have hearn OF an et.o
moogst Of this name The boot IS OF uo % III, norir,
to wit the boolseer's in case where an lnpn,,y
made one day for copy Of Mosses IRON am sred
Manses am sorry to say," the bookseller answeLe'
that our stock of botanical works has run pretty low
but guess can send out and get the book for YOU.
New-York tribune., 1889-12-22
Local Smoke and 0mderS.


Air LaunceIol met up with old King
yeriyasce o. ireland unexpectedly last
veok over on the moor south of Sir
Balpsral 10 Msrveilleuse's hog dasture.
The widow has been notified.
Expedition No. 3 will start about the
first OF nsxt::mgnthson search fsr Sir
sagramour le Desirous. 1t is In con-
and OF the renowned knight OF the Red
Lawns, assisted By Sir Persant of Inds,
vhs is competc9t. intelligent, courte-
ous, and in every NAV brick. and fur
tper insisted by SIR Palamidcs the Sara
zen, who is no hucklsberry himself.
This is no picnic, these bays mean
basine&s.
The readers of the hosannah will re-
r,st 20 learn that the hadndsone and
popular Sir Charolais Of Gaul, who dur
ing his four weeks stay at the Bull and
Halibut, this...city, has wen every heart
l,y his polished man.ers aud elegant
eruversation. will pull out to-day for
homo. Give us another call, Charley!
Ths business end OF the funeral sf
the late Sir Dalllance the dukes son OF
Cornwall. killed in an encounter with
the Giant OF the Xnotteu Bludgeoa last
tuesday on the borders OF the Plain OF
EpcLsas.ii.at was in the hands OF tho
aver afrable and eWcient eMumble.
nrlnce ofun3ertaksrs, than whom there
exists none by whom it we're msro
satisfying pleasure to have the last sad
otrcss performed. Give him trial
The cordial thanks OF the Hosannah
,rire are due. from fediter down to
devil. TO the ever cou Mous and thought
ful Lord High ste Erd of the Palacss
Third Assistant V9t for several sau'
csis OF lee cram ~ quality calculated
:. mako tn. oye "a the recipients hui
mid with graf 4 de; and 1t done It,
when this s.sdmiDistration wants 10
chalk up a desirable name for early
pr)uotiss, the IRsannah would like
chance TO sudgest.
The oemoisclle irene Qewlap, Of
South Astolat. Is visiting hor uncle. the
popular host OF the cattlem emen's Board
ing Ho&sc. Liver Lane. this city.
Young Barker the bellows-msnd Is
houe agaia.and looks much improved
by his vacation roundup among the
out lying smithIe. gee his nj.
New-York tribune., 1889-12-22
R0OKS NOT IN STOCK JUST NOW.

From The BOstOn TrhIscFIPI
There have been told great many stories Of blum
dcrs made by bOOh-buycrs more dru Than TINS one, no
donbt and they arc stll told In every bookstore. ono
OF the most extraordinary that the Listener has lately
heard was OF written order sent mto Boston store
calling for copy Of Lame az Rabble' The people
New-York tribune., 1889-12-22

lon can't go astray In selecting suitable Christ
mas present. this season. Buy an umbrella. us
recipient will have occasion TO uee II about hve Day
week.-(Noristown Herald
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
A Few Candidates.

Judge Wren, Of Eureka, Nevada, is
endorsed by the Nevada Senators for
the General Land Office.
There are fifteen or sixteen candidates
for Governor Of Arizona, among them
George Christ and George WolAey, of
Tombstone.
Ex-Attorney-General s. 3. Bradford,
OF Kansas, has u good chance of being
appointed Governor of Utah.
Many candidates are in the field for
Governor Of Montana. Colonel j. D.
McCucheon, L. II. Hersfeld and F. @.
Powers are the loos6 prominent.
The New Mexico candidates are JOS,
Duyer, Judge Bradford Prince of the
Territory, A. G. Morrison and General
j. 3. Bowman. 49,.
G. II. Harris has come to Washington
to push his claims for Governor OF
Alaska. ae has fourteen rivals in
Michigan, three in WISCONSIN, two in
Nebraska, one in Iowa, and half a
dozen more in different parts of tie
country.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
NAardIS District.

II. Lidyard and j. T. Conner have
just returned to HalIeck from a trip to
to the above district for which they left
on Sunday the 3rd instant, arriving
there on the following Tuesday. They
write that they found u very rough
country but fine feed for stock. The
first place visited Oh arriving at Murdis
was the ranch of j. F. Weeks whsre
they found the children only, Mr.. and
Mrs. Weeks being absent When they
returned it was found that they had
met with an accident by the upsetting
of their wagon. Mrs. Weeks escaped
with little injury, but Mr.. Weeks was
badly bruised though not seriously in
jured.
The mines are showing we'll, though
there is not enough water for placer
mining, MIR. Knopf has good mine
and the Sherwood mine looks we'll,
Mr.. Lidy ard is we'll pleased with the
country and contemplates locating
there
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
Announcement.

On Saturday evening, March 10Th.
MIS-. Emma Pow Smith, Zone of the
recruiting officers for the home, and
National organizer for the W. C. T. w.
will arrive in Elko and remain for one
week, working in the line of evange!is-
tic, and missionary work of the W. e.
L. U. In connection with this an
nouncemsnt, I would like to say few
words of this department of our work {.
The word evangelistic means the
PRONUNCIATION of christian law. This
department lies at the very foundation
OF all others, and indeed is the very
backbone Of the other thirty-nine d9-
partments represented in the W. G. r..
U. 1t was with this work that the
Woman's Crusade in gospel work was
commenced, and which is altogether
outside and beyond the usual "meaus
of grace" For instead of saying
"Cone" to the great flock of wandering
sheep who love not the fold, we have
and we are going to where the wander
ers are, seeking to save that which is
lost. In order to make this going forth
IN effective work of reclamation, Eve
must call to our aid only true, Cody
women, who arc consecrated enough to
cast off false ideas of modesty, and
come out with true womanly sweetness,
and purity, to battle for God, Home
and Native Land. Such is Sister Smith
the subject OF this announcement. She
comes to every home, as a dispatch
bearer from the Master. Bringing
messages to mothers to "gird on" and
listen to the call of her children, as they
shy while my father vainly battles, moth,
er dear, oh, where are your Yes, Sister
Smith comes to us, armed and equipped
with the weapons OF true conservation
to the work. And our prayer is, may
she be SO filled with the Holy Spirit
as to be enabled to do good work in
"rescuing the perishing," and marshall
ing every soldier of the CROSS, into full
battle line ready for the "grand re-
veiw," of the great Commander. L
me bespeak for this meek and lowly,
bearer Of the "Alnbaster box" and "cup
Of cold water" kindly welcome from
zach aud oil. Let me too ask that ye
scorn not though humble they be the
warnings of these messengers.
E. ]. talbot,
State Supt. Evapgellstic Work.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
A Curious Mine.
country

some very beautiful specimens of ore
from the Ezra mine, at Tuscarora, are
on exhibition at the Depot Hotel. The
Ezra, so the Journal is informed, is the
mine in which George j. Smith and
Hugh w. Kerr recently uncovered a
large body of rich ore, which is a won.
der to the expert gold hunter or geolo
gist. The hanging wall of this natural
treasure vault is covered by an apron
of mineral which extends over it's entire
surface from top to bottom, and from
end to end. In thickness it ranges
from one to four feet. This apron of
mineral is in some places frozen to the
wall, and in others it hangs down over
its face in huge Clubs of rolled gold and
silver. Tie mine has been developed
to considerable extent, and III tons of
high grade ore already shipped. 1t is
estimated there are 100000 in sight
Negotiations for the purchase of the
property are now going on between th 9
owpers and certain Reno PERSONS
(Reno Journal.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15

The Sheriff has left for the scene of the
tragedy Mrs. Sam Rumble is here at
her homo near the saw mill Sam Run
die leaves wife and two children, the
oldest about 18 months old.
LATEG-George Hosking and son were
shot with gun at the upper ranch ~
BUNDLE, and then the latter went to the
lower ranch and shot Mrs. Ho.king in
the kitchen with n pistol, came out of
the house and then shot himself, This
is tho story ns related by johnny King.
Il Austin Reveille.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
Dentistry.

Dr.. j ]. Leek will arrive in Carlin,
March Is, 1889; Elko, March 25; and
about April 8, Tuscarora; May 6,
Battle Mountain; May 10, Austin; June
10, Eureka; and later on intend to
visit Hamilton, Ely Taylor, Cherry
Creek md Wells. use for extracting
teeth n local Anmsthetio and an Electric.
al chair, the latest improvements from
S'n Francisco.
Those desiring mY services please
come early.
ga. If. DR.. J. ], LICK,
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
There IL q Difference.

II is tslegraphed from Washington
that the position of Register of the
Treasury, now held by Gen. Rosecrans,
will be given 70 General james Long
street. It will be remembered that
General Longstreet commanded one
wing of BraRg's Confederate army
when it assaulted the Union army
undor Rosecrans at the bloody battle Of
Chickamauga. We mention this cir.
cumstance not to find fault, but to point
out the inconsistency OF Republican
professions. Had Democratic Adj
ministration retired gallant Union
General from lucrative Federal Office
to make room for prominent Con.
federate commander, tremendous no W
OF patriotic indignation would have gone
up from the organs -tAlta California
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
Reno Postmaster,

Senator Stewa.t tslegraphed to-day to
several prominent citizens inquiring of
them who was their choice for postmas-
ter OF Reno, and a petition was imme-
diately circulated and wired to the
Senator this morning Nate w. Rolf.
Mr.. Rolf would make a good one.-
Reno Gazette.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
Induratcd Fibre Ware.

The attention of the public is directed
to my now stock of Tubs, Buckets, Blu
rims, etc., manufactured from IndurateI
Wood Fibre, pressed ont in one piece,
without seams or hoops. 1t is light
and durable, will not shrink or swell,
will not faint any kind Of liquid
and bids fair to supercedo tin and wood.
On ware. Call and examine it.
Fl. CHASE.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
ALMAGCNDI.

Heavy RAIN storms arc reported
throughout California.
TN. Stones little daughter, Ethel,
is suffering from u severe attack of rheu-
matisn.
We regret to learn that Mr.. E. PEN
roc is quite sick with what is supposed
to Se mountain fever.
lottery tickets are still being sold in
Reno and "Citixen" calls on the Dis
tritt Attorney to stop it.
Sam Jones snys San Francisco is a
hotter place than hell. How does he
know without having visited the latter
placer
Next Sund ay will be the Seventeenth
of Ireland when all loyal sons of the
Emerald ble will BE- wearing of .he
green.
Train No. /, last evening VAS COM
posed of1two sections, the first section
being composed in part OF lime cars of
tourists.
Argument by counsel in tho Potts
trial is now in progress, and the case
will probably be given to the jury this
evening.
The Silver State says that every
business man in Winnemucca signed a
petition praying the Governor to veto
the trespass bill.
Alta:-Men and brethren, lot MS keep
onr shirts on till We know that we have
got to fight. IF we must have war let US
fight first and brag afterwards.
That item ".ron the pen of Mr. Bard
well, editor of the Marion (Iowa) Pr
lot " is becoming about as tiresome as
How does your watch rum" Of q few
months ago.
The Genital Eevadan says: eleven
vorncious trarnps are enjoying the hos
ptalitIes of the Elko county Jail. "
This will he news to Sheriff Barnard
and his deputies.
Wedding Cards Of the latest designs,
printed i'll neat and tasty mann r
cheaper thnn they can be got either in
Sacramento or San Francisco, at the
INDEPENDENT Office.
The total value of silver bullion for
wnrded from Austin, Nevada, from 1865
to 1888. inclusive, according to the re-
port of q. FL. w. Crockett, agent of
Wells, Fargo & Co.'S. Express, is S24,-
$1,000 81.
The game law goes into effect on the
lbt of April and continues in force until
The 1st of September regarding the kill
ing Of all birds, with the exception of
mud hons, which may be slaughtered
at any time. Where is the Elko Sports
mems Clnb2
Attention is chilled to the appoint
ments Of DR.. Leek which appear else
where. The doctor will he here on the
18th instant. and OF Tuscarora about
April 9Th. Persons in need of dental
work Will please take notice and govern
themselves accordingly.
Alta:-Postmnste General Wanama-
ker is making just little bit too
much parade of his well established
piety. When it comes to having his
prayers wired by the Associated Press,
We should ray that be has reached the
limit. The relations of men to their
God are purely personal and private
Latter, and decent respect for pro-
priety will keep it private, To parade
such things is moro emetic thar polite.
---e.-~---------
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
Music ana Painting.

Miss D"ll'e Rosenvtock has roturned
and is now prepared to take pupils in
Music and Painting. Chiraware dec
Grafton specially. Those desirous
OF taking lessons on tue piano or in
painting will plense call either ut the
resid. nee or the store.
2.12
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
olive and LetLiyc.D

Those who desire to purchase the best
quality Of Groceries and Provisions ara
referred to the abova reliable. hou,n
where fair dealing md courteous treat
ment is the >ule. Glassware, Tinwars
Stonsgarn, Nails etc. always IN stock
Ii FL CHASE
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
a Horrible Tragedy.

Johnny King ca,ne in this afternoon
on horseback, bringing the news, that
Sam Rumble had killed George Hosking,
wife and son, George, and then ended
his own existence at Italian Canyon.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
Look RIer6l

We heve just received large stock
of Ladies' Hats. Ladies' Dress Goods,
consisting Of Gipghams. Linens and
Woolens, and Gentlenen'a Clothing,
all Of the latest and most desirable
styles. Cali and inspect thorn.
3-2g. J. Roapnsps0E,
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1889-03-15
HOTEL ARRIVALS.
Depot H0tel-CIark &c Green, Pro.
prIct0rS.

P Hansen, Q Quilici, Wells, Ches
Woodw Jack Greek; s Spencer, Geo
Spencer. South Fork; A d Streeter,
Lamoille; Jas r McGinnis, Mountain
City; James H Campbell. Mound; j
Mccoy, EIko; T w Crofts, Avoca, Ia;
II 7 Hansen, Denmark; ? Moring,
Granite; j r Snod9rass, West Virginia :.