Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1889-08-17
Farm AND ORCHARD.
BUTTER FROM FRESH MILK AT THE
RATE OF A POUND A MINUTE.
The Parrot as a Sheep Destroye--Pro.
duction of Hemp-FertiIizing with
Ashes-Farm Notes.

AalS bSSh atdoStAnS d S1Sdt dLAouAt Vi at
tention among the dairy interests of this
country and Europe was made Monday
morning. The machine was butter ex-
tractor and has been invented by G. A
Johansson, of Stockholm. 1t will, it is
declared by many who are regarded as
authorities, completely revolutionize the
present method of butter manufacture.
This machine extracts from fresh milk, at
the ordinary churning temperature of
about GO F., the butter fat in graduated
form, making perfectly pure and sweet
butter. As the butter fat is taken out
while the milk is sweet, no decomposition
has, it is said, yet taken place or started in
any Of the specimens that have so far been
made; and, this being the case, the butter
must keep better than when made by the
present method of churning. The ma
chine simply appears to extract butter fat,
and it leaves the machine instantly. The
butter globules are free from the churn
milk, SO no over working is possible, and
the butter comes out in graduated
state, very firm Heretofore. butter made
because when using the churning method
much of the churn milk must remain in
carcerated between the minute butter
globules. In the new process ali the milk
is drawn off and only a pure butter fat
remains, which, being pure and fresh, will
keep much longer than ordinary butter
The machine itself has the appearance
of large drum on n substantial stand.
After the test it was taken apart and it
was explained that the milk enters at the
top and passes through several little tubes
that distribute ii evenly into the revolving
drum. The cream gradually sinks, and as
the butter globules come together they
pass into chamber, filing it with the
ilghtest part Of the cream. In the cham
Der is a circular cage that is carried round
by the butter globules or general mixture.
Its office is to act as a kind of disturber to
keep the butter globules from becoming
too much impacted to allow the skim milk
from passing outward TO the circumference
OF the chamber, leaving the butter globules
to gather together and by their own weight
to sink into lower chamber. Here the
revolving motion of the drum causes the
butter globules to gather in solid wall,
that is somewhat solid at the central point
and more or less granulated on the out
ward edge of this wall. Next there is
very ingenious continuance for removing
the butter from the machine. 1t is stated
that 1900 pounds of milk can be put
through a machine in an hour, and that it
will deliver solid graduated butter at the
rate Of pound 4 minute.
A correspondent { H. O. Bowman) of the
Agricultural Gazette, London, expresses con-
siderable skepticism in regard to the ma
chine, He thinks it will have to revolu-
tionize itself before it has any effect what
ever upon dairy work He says: "The
best condition for separating milk is that
the milk shall be al . temperature of 900,
and the best condition for churning cream
is that the temperature of the cream shall
be from SOC to CO., 1t is therefore, clear
that a machine that separates and churns
at the same temperature must be a failure
as regards either the one operation or the
other. To separate at 90o entails that the
butter churned at that temperature must
be too soft TO be workable Then, again,
it is fact established by practicable ex-
pertinent that there is serious loss of
butter churned from sweet cream, as
against butter churned from ripened cream.
1t is claimed as Il merit peculiar to the
machine that butter may be had from
sweet cream within a short time Of milk
ing. But butter may be got in as short
time by separating and churning in the
ordinary way, both being worked stimuli
taneously from the same power, with
this advantage, that the cream, after being
separated at high temperature, can be
reduced Immediately, by being passed over
the refrigerator, to the temperature most
suitable for churning.' T. Commercial
Bulletin.
HEMP.
Last year, says the Rural Near Yorker,
raw foreign hemp to the value of Sl,7al,-
-94l was imported into this country, against
$S47, 449 worth in 1887. In addition to
this S73, 362 worth OF hemp tow was i'm
ported, against Sll9,l 25 worth during the
previous year. The duty on raw hemp is
S25 per ton, that on hemp tow 80 per
ton. Hemp yarn or Irvine 10 the value of
S77,990 was imported, against S62,3l6
worth the previous year. The duty on
this is So per cent. There was also i'm
ported several million dollars worth of
manufactured fabrics consisting wholly or
partly IF hemp.
In 1879, the year included in the last
census, only 5,025 tons of hemp were pro-
duced in the United States, againts 1916
tons in 1869 OF the total, 1853 tons were
produced in Kentucky, 209 in Missouri, IS
in Michigan, - in Kansas, 20 in Mime
sofa and > in North Carolina. Lately. the
growing of Kentucky hemp has been at
tempted by about thirty farmers in
Rensselaer, and Washington counties, New
York, where the plants grow to a hight
Of iCl,t ha
the crop brings in $50 an acre and that the
success of the experiment will probably
make hemp staple product of that section.
Why is it not grown more extensively in
this country? Surely, with the protection
afforded by the tariff, all we need of the
raw material, at any rate, ought to be pro-
duced at home. Twenty years ago Ohio
and Indiana ranked next to Kentucky as
hemp-producers while in 1879 not pound
was raised in either. 1t hemp-raising we're
tried in California it would doubtless be
found that the crop would thrive as profit
ably as it appears to be in Central New
York.
HOW PARROTS DESTROY SHEEP.
You have no doubt heard of the great
rabbit scourge in the provinces of Austria
liza, and how the Government of New
South Wales has offered reward of Sl25,-
900 TO any one who will invent some
effectual means of Kidding the country of
the pestiferous little animals. Thomas w.
Knox, in his last book of travels, tells us
about the parrot scourge there, which is
almost as destructive to sheep as the rab-
bit scourge. The rabbits eat up the pastur-
age and the parrots attack the sheep them
selves. When the sheep-farmers first es-
tablished their stations among the noun
tains there were fiocks of green parrots
diving in the glens and feeding entirely on
fruit and leaves. They were beautiful
birds and nobody suspected any harm from