The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1889-02-06

preference for the harder and more com.
pact varieties.
The hard birches, hickory, ash and
and oaks, are good and will not fail of
making good heat. Some of the soft
are equally as good, but are consumed
much more rapidly, which is objection
able for winter use. NO York. Obserrer.
Diseases of Fowls
The prevailing disease among fowls is
thai known as gapes, which destroys at
least onehalf of the young chicks that
are Matched. The next disease in re-
spect of destructiveness is known as
cholera, which carries off the mature
fowls as well as large number of chicks.
These two diseases call for remark at
this time. when they are most prevalent.
Gapes is the disorder which causes the
young chicks to open their mouths to
gasp for breath 1t is caused by the
presence in the ethroat and air passages
of many very small worms usually found
united in pairs and imbedded in froth
and mucus in the air passages. Later
the disease became associated with fever,
throat becomes dry, and the membranes
are covered with dry scales of mucus.
and at times diphtheria intervenes and
adds its fatal proclivities to the original
disease. Thus the fatal disorder often
grows out of the minor one, and if this
had been prevented the chicks would
have escaped the other.
This parasitic thread worm is closely
related to the similar one which affects
lambs, calves, and other young animals.
Its origin and natural history are well
known. 1t lnhabits the intestines as
well as the lungs of the old fowls,
and at times causes trouble with
them, Notwithstanding their greater
power of resistance. The parasites in
the old fowls mature and become charged
with eggs, which are discharged through
the bowels. The soil where the fowls
run soon becomes infested with myriads
of eggs, which are picked up by the
the eggs abundantly in the soil under
the coops where the brooding hen is con.
fined, and in the droppings of the hen.
1t is thus plainly shown how the worms
gain access to the chicks, for these eggs,
being picked up, hatch into worms
which crawl into the throat, where they
find subsistence upon the exudation of
the sensitive membranes which are irri-
Il lateb Dy lnelr presence.
The question, then, is how to prevent
the presence of these worms in the soil,
for prevention is much easier than cure
when the trifiing value of little chick
is considered. Clean ground is an es-
sential requisite for exemption from this
pest. If the house is we'll cleaned all
through the winter aud fresh oir-slacked
lime is literally scattered upon the floor
and the manure is used in the garden or
upon fields where the hens are not per
mtted TO run, this source of danger is
removed, and in the course of the winter
the supply of eggs and worms will be
exhausted. One other means of security
remains, which is to plow under the sur
face of the poultry yard and sow it with
some green crop which will afford very
desirable food for the fowls, as oats,
peas, turnips, rape, etc. Thus all the
eggs voded will be buried and got rid
of.
The most danger is when an infested
hen is cooped with her brood, and this
is avoided by moving the coop daily and
covering the ground where it has stood
for twenty -four hours with air-slacked
lime. If, after all precautions are taken
the disease still appears IN some of the
broods the young chicks should be fed
once a day with cornmeal stepped in
kerosene oil and mixed with larger
quantity of clean meal, in proportion of
one part of the oiled meal to ten of the
dry meal. This will be sufficiently
strong to kill the young worms when
they first appear in the throat. Turpen-
tine is equally as effective as kerosene
oil, and may be used in the same man
neT.
Cholera is very common disease and
carries of more fowls than all other dis
eases together. 1t is virulently conta,
gious, and, which is still worse, the eggs
of diseased hens when Matched will pro
duce diseased chicks. This is the cause
of the yellow discharge of the newly
Matched chick which closes the bowels
J and quickly destroys the young animal.
This disease is caused or accompanied
/, by specific germ existing in the blood,
and wherever this germ appears, tho
disease exists. 1t is the existence of
, this germ in the eggs of diseased hens
J and in young chicks which proves tina
the disease is inherited. The disease il
seated in the liver at first, and this organ
becomes enlarged and very soft. Tn,
intestines are then attacked, anC
T become intlamed, liberated o
D gangrened. These symptoms closel,
resemble those of the fatal swim
cholera. The most conspicuous symp
tom is a discharge of yellow and gree
| excrement. The fowl lies in a sleep
e condition, aud dies without a struggle
a as if still asleep. There is no doubt tina
l the disease is first contracted by over
p feeding and disturbance of the alInen
t tary functions, the liver being first dis
t turbed and the blood rendered unfit fo
+ its vital functions. The means Of pre-
j yention are obvious. Frequent doses O
/. a teaspoonful of saturated solution O
4 hyposulphite of soda and piece of blu
- pill" as large as a sweet pea have cure
every case in the writer's flock whe
r taken in the early stages. II neglecte
, until the intestines are affected cure