New-York tribune., 1889-12-23
AFTER THE REVOLUTION.
THE CHANGE TO A REPUBLIC.
ALL THE BRAZILIAN PROVINCES ACCEPT
THE NEW GOVERNMENT.

THE NEW GOV EkNMENl.
THE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE NEW NATION BEGUN
Two IMPORTANT NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
WITH THE FLAG - GLIMPsEs OF THE
NEW RULERS OF THE SOUTHERN
| REPUBLIC NOT SINGLE
LIFE LOST IN THE
GREAT MOVEMENT
Rio de Janeiro. Nov 3O-The events sketched
in nv previous letter were wholly confined to this
| CAPITAL and covered only the brief period OF one
week Beginning with the afternoon OF the hrst
day. the adhesiOns of military men and CIVILIAN
organizations throughout the Provinces began to
come in. In Sac Paulo there was considerable
| doubt up to late hour on the afternoon OF the
9TH that the reported conflict in Rio de Janelro
| was really a revolution, but when definite news
was received to that effect the republican club
of the city, which includes some Of the ablest
men in the country lost no time in organizing
a Provisional Government under Prudente de
Moraes Francisco Rangel Pestanha and Colonel
Joaquin de Soma Mursa. OF these Prudente de
| Moraes is unquestionaby one Of the best and
most liberal men in the Republican party and is
destined to play a prominent part in the future
|
ability, and has been for years a stanch
advocate of republican ideas. On the following
day these gentlemen took formal possession of the
Provincial Government the deposed president,
General COnto de Magalhaes, withdrawing from the
| Provincial palace, and leaving them in peaceful
possession.
POLITELY TURNED OUT OF OFFICE
And just here occurred an incident
which has created many a smile, and which perhaps
could occur only in Brazil. When Conto de
Nagalhaes called upon to surrender the Pro-
| vincial Government to the revolutionists he re-
quested delay in the proceedings until he was
| formally advised Of the organization of the new
| Government. This reasonable request was
politely satisfied, and then when the Provisional
| Republican authorities, accompanied by n great
multitude of people, presented themselves at the
| Provincial Palace soon after midday, the amiable
| President formally turned the Provisional Govern
ment over to them and left the place hat in hand,
serene, and conscious of having fulfilled his duty
to the last. One of his SUCCESSORS, Rangel Pes
tanha, had tainted under the excitement at the
| formal surrender of the Province, but the other,
| Prudente de AIoraes accompanied him down
| through the open ranks of the people. who stood
silent and uncovered, and then through the streets
| to the Club International, where speeches and
| embraces were exchanged in the midst of the
| vivas of an admiring crowd. Perhaps it will not
| be mistake to say that never Imperial
| governor kicked out Of authority politely and
easily, with so complete desertOn of his subor-
dinates and adherents, and yet with SO generous
| an admiration of his personal character and
| digniied bearing. The whole affair is so full
of contradictions and impregnated with the
theatrical element that one cannot escape feeling
of helpless mystifcation.
II is true that Sac Paulo had great many
ardent Republicans, and that the Province was
less attached to the Monarchy than the great
majority, but it is at the same time true that
she had majority of equally active Monarchists,
who made express fight against republcanism
in the August elections and defeated every candi-
date of that party. Under such circumstances
the dramatic little surrender of power and the
withdrawal of every Monarchist without the
slightest suspicion of resistance is simply ex-
| traOrdinary. / do not know another country in
the world where such thing could happen.
ORGANIZING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.
While these events were happening in the pro-
vincal capital, the citizens Of Santos and Cam
pinas, the next important cities of Sac Paulo were
also organizing revolutionary local governments
without the slightest opposition In many other
cities and towns throughout the Provinces of Sac
Paulo Rio de Janeiro and Mnas Geraes the news
from the capital received with acclama-
tions. and the old ofce-holders were promptly
, expelled from their places.
The news from distant towns. however.
was not prompt and satisfactory. The COM
manding general in Rio Grande do Sui. Vscount
de Pelotas General Camara who is the highest
officer in the service, as Rio Grandc maintains the
most important military establishment promptly
teIegraphed adhesion to the movement. and prom
tI,o J.;
erals on the frontier, however, do not seem to
have joined in the movement so promptly. and
even yet the attitude of Rio Grande do Sui is
watched with intense interest. One of the promi-
nent generals tAstrogldo has left his command
and withdrawn to his estanca 1.-THE Rio Grande
officers are largely natives of that PrOvince) and
the meagre news allowed to filter through the
officially guarded telegraph offices does not show
any great enthusiasm. One cause Of great dissatis-
faction in that Province was the arbitrary arrest
of Senator GaspaT Silveira Martins at Santa Cath
erina on the 10th, while on his way to this
capital to attend an extra session of the General
Assembly. This man is the most powerful po-
litica chief in Rio Grande do Sui, and exercises
an influence among the people of that Province
which is more absolute, perhaps, than that
ercised by any other politician in Brazil lie is
man of ability and courage, fiery orator, and
at times a reckless leader. AS enemy. he is a
man to be feared. The course pursued by the
Provisional Government in securing his arrest
and then subsequently sending a war-vessel after
him shows how much they fear his power, and
how little they count upon his support On his
arrival here, on the eth, he was interviewed by
a member of the Government and then set at
liberty, the general opinion being that he had
accepted the situation lie is not friendly
,,;.h nd
treatment is not likely TO attach him closely
to the present Government. 1t was unquestion-
ably a serious mistake the part of the Pro-
visional Government, and may yet lead to much
trouble.