New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1889-10-06
BRAZILIAN DEMOCRACY.
TIE MOVEMENT FOR A REPUDLIC BECOM-
ING WIDESPREAD AND POWERFUL.

INC WIDESPREAD AND POWERFUL.
trrox Az OCCASIONAL CONFECTIONERY or 1nE TRIBUNE.
Itio de Janeito Sept T.
Although the general elections of Saturday
last have resulted as was anticipated, In an
overwhelming majority for the Government YET
the victory OF the Litter is by many regarded as
due largely TO official pressure. The Ministers,
being aware of the vital Importance Of winning
the contest, neglected no means for attaining
that result. The means which they adopted
10 insure support were of a most thorough nature,
and even some OF their friends declare that they
lave rather ovcrdone t." Without going into
any details as to the methods adopted, il will be
sufficient to mention the fact that during the three
months which preceded the contest the Ministry
made sure that all the Governors and Deputy Cover
nOrs of the Provinces and all the principal police
officials and other local authorities throughout
the Empire were devoted 70 the Ministers; and
those who were not we'll affected were in some
way induced 10 make room for others
In asserting that the existence Of the monarchy
he's been to some extent stake in the general cleo
items which have just taken place, l refer to the
fact that whereas in former contests OF this kind
the struggle has been between the Conservatives
and Liberals, it has the present occasion been
narrowed down TO a fight between Monarchists and
Republicans 1t is needless to attempt to conceal
the fact that during the past two years tho
people have become largely republican at hcara
their anti-dynastic aspirations being principally
directed against the Crown Princess, her husband,
the Orleans Prince Count dEu and their children.
To what an extent the republicanism is due TO
dynastlc rather than TO mere constitutional ques-
tons will be seen by the programme Of reforms
put forward by the Ministers as their platform,
and by means OF which they hope to win back
the nation at large to the monarchy. The legis-
lation proposed by the Government includes
universal suffrage, instead OF the qualification Of
an annual income Of 5000, which Is at present
required; free education the autonomy Of the
Provinces and municipalities, absolute freedom of
creed and conscience, reorganization OF the Senate
on a more liberal basis, abolition of all customs
dues on exports, increase Of railroads and other
methods of commun ton throughout the Empire,
and the creation of Land Banks and credit estab-
lishments destined to furnish financial assistance
and relief to the farmer, the manufacturer, and
the trading classes.
II is difficult to conceive more liberal pro-
gramme than this Yet very large proportion
of the Nation is arrayed against the Government
With the solitary exception of the Jornal do
Comercio" the entire press of this city PROCESSES
the most ardent kind of republican,
ism The three great metropolitan organs,
namely. the "Gazeta de Noticias,' the Diario
de Notcias" and the Paiz," are in the van OF the
republican movement, and hardly allow a day "a
pass without appealing to the Emperor to We'd
to the wishes of his fellow-countrymen by abdi'
eating in favor of NJ Saraiva, whose name they
put forward for election as the first President Of
the Republic of Brazil. 1t was only the other
day that during the ceremony Of comforting the
diplomas on the successful students of the Imperial
School of Medicine one of the leading professors
appealed to the Emperor, in the course of an en-
Enthusiastically applauded speech, to withdraw into
private life and TO make way for the establish.
ment of a republic. On the occasion OF the hst
convention here of the association of the Volun-
tarios da Patria," body similar TO that OF the
Grand Army of the Republic in the United States.
and composed exclusively of veterans of the army
and of soldiers of the reserve, the Count d Eu
who. on account OF his office of Generaissimo
of the army, had been called mp
on to take the chair, was received
with unanimous shouts Of viva Re-
publica.n When short time afterward the
Crown Princesss husband visited the northern
provinces of the Empire for the purpose Of carry.
ing relief TO the ADMINISTRATOR population. ha
was everywhere received in a hostile manner.
and the newspapers here and throughout the
country referred to his mission of philanthropy
as mere attempt at acquiring popularity. In.
deed to such an extent has the republican move
ment taken root among the people that Just be-
fore the dissolution of Parliament last summer, one
OF the most influential members brought his i'm
passioned Grafton TO a close with the cry Down
with the Monarchy! Long live the Republicl'
an exclamation which, far from exciting express
sions of dissent was greeted with applause by
large proportion of those present.
In the provinces during the two or three months
IL. -
made n considerable show of force of arms. Mil.
tary patrols assumed police duties in the streets OF
all the more important cities and towns, and the
utterance of cry, Vive RepuDhca.
was sufficient 10 expose one to a sharp prod from
the lance Of a eavalryman or fro ! the bayonet
of a foot-soldier. Indeed, martial law may almost
be said to have prevailed-a state of affairs
which, far from helping to suppress the repub-
lican movement, cannot fail, on the contrary,
to contribute toward it's gown. ,,,
The republican party 1nds Jus meinDeIsnlp
amonV the landed prOpietOrs and agricuIturlsls
the pirsh clergy, the traders and merchant CLASSES,
indeel all the elements that go 10 constitute
the backbone OF the NATION: Inc a'ai l,to %
the Crown Princess in bringing about the sudden
emancipation of the slaves on May 10, 1883,
without allowing them time to make provision
for supplying the f0tced Labor by means OF that
of a voluntary nature The year of SIS was ono
M great abundance, and the landed proprtetors,
being unprepared with the ready money requisite
for the hiring of voluntary labor, had the mort-
fcation of seeing their crops literally rot before
their eyes III consequence OF their lmbllty NJ
obtain men TO harvest them The emancipated
negroes absolutely decline to work more than Is
lust necessary for the purpose of keeping body
and soul together, and the landlords being with
out funds are unable 10 incur the expense OF
hiring immigrant labor. Moreover, the Govern
ment declines 10 consider any scheme for the
naturalization of the former save-Owners for
the loss u their property; and IL is known that
the Crown Princess. who is n woman Of greau
determination ard character, has been chiefly
instrumental in preventing anything from being
done to relieve their difficulties An agricultural
or rather egrarian crisis has therefore prevailed
for some time past, which has extended To all
other branches of trade. commerce and Industry.