Evening journal., 1889-02-26
A MODEL TRAINING SCHOOL.
Professor sayre of Philadelphia Lectures
ON Manual TrainIng-Interestin De-
scription of the Philadelphia Manual
TraiHinR School.

fury Club.
There was fair attendance of mem
bers of the club and public school teach
ers. The Board of Education adjourned
and attended in body. Upon table in
front Of the lecturer were models Of wood
and iron, and upon the newspaper racks
plans and drawings, all the work OF the
pupils Of the manual training school.
Professor Ssyre was introduced by Mrs.
A. l.. Conant, president OF the New Cen
tury Club
In opening the speaker said that he
purposed taking up the objects of the
Philadelphia Manual Training School, its
methods and results and its cost. The
courses of the school are as fol-
lows, evenly divided between man
ual and intellectual exercises, in a
three years. courses course Of Ian
guage and literature, one of pure mathe-
ma lies, course Of science and applied
mathematics, one in free hand and archi-
tectural drawing with designing and
clay modelling, a school of iron working,
carpentering and clay modelling. The
school is free to every Philadelphia boy
of ID years who passes competitive ex-
animation.
Mr.. Sayre gave the history of the es-
tablishment Of musical training schools
in various cities of the country since the
Centennial Exposition of 1876, leading
up to the Philadelphia school which was
established in 1885 with a class of 100,
and which now has over300 He gaveopin-
ions of prominent educators on the sub
iect and spoke of the relation between
the mind and hand. The pupils are not
taught any particular trade, but having
learned the use Of all tools, can turn to
any trade and in a short time become a
skilled workman.
Mr.. Sayre dwelt at length on the ad-
vantages Of the school of boys of the
present age. Machinery and steam, said
he, have killed the apprentice system. A
boy has no chance in a shop heis at best
newer of wood and drawer of water In
the school he is the first consideration; il
exists for him and his benefit
The speaker then turned to the models
before him. Each represented principle.
The pupil isrequired to make first draw
ias, then the model from it, The course
was laid out as carefully as one in gram.
gar or geography. In carpentering, the
use of the saw and plane is first taught,
then chiseling. dovetailing and turning.
The pupils are marked as in intellectual
studies and examined and promoted on
their average. Their work must stand
the most perfect mechanical tests Of
! square and rule.
In the iron working department, blocks
OF iron are taken from the foundry, and
| Clipped and filed until true figures. The
course in carpentering includes every
joint and principle, and practical work is
only a matter of length and breadth.
The course in iron is parallel with that
of carpentry in its workings. The sec
ond year of the course includes the
making OF patterns and models which are
afterwards used in moulding and casting.
Thus the pupil works from the drawing
to the pattern and then to the model and
everything must be perfect.
In tinsmithiRg the plain joint is taught,
then the making Of square and rounc
pans, all according to plans. There is
also q course in saw-fling. In black
smithing rings and chains made from
models Of lead and then various shapes Of
tongs. While speaking, Professor Sayr,
exhibited articles mentioned and illus
trated his remarks thereby. The manu-
facture of turning tools and chisels anC
their tempering is taught, and the tools
now in use are those made by the boys
In the third year mechanical construc
ton Is taught, the making Of models and
plans and parts Of machinery and engines
Also wood carving and modelling in clay.
Drawing is feature of the school, free
hand, mechanical and architectural. AL
drawings are made from objects. The
boys bring in various types OF the
models from what they have seen
out of the school. No one is
allowed to make copy Of another draw
ing. Architectural drawing, in plans
elevation, section and perspective OF
houses, is taught. In the literary
studies the pupil is required to write an
essay of his subject, and then make a
chart of IT,
Experiments in all branches, such as
chemistry, electricity, and others are
made. The hanging Of shafting and run
ming of engines are practically taught
Forty four per centum of the Original
class are graduates. Mr.. Sayre dwelt OF
the advantages Of the course Of training
1t gives choice of occupation. while the
genteel professions are overcrowded. The
moral advantages were spoken Of: the
| mischievous proclivities of the boys are
} exerted in manufacturing. 1t dignife'
/ intelligent labor, boy so educated. vii
/ not look down in contempt on manua
laborers, and it broadens The menta
development.
A number of encomiums on the schoo
from various newspapers were read. Q
1 the fifty eight graduates of the first elias
graduated last year. nearly all are in goo'
situations. only two of them are clerks
: About twenty are pushing on in colleg
and university. Mr.. Sayre closed his lee
: ture by inviting all those present to visi
the training school, and offered to an
, swer any questions on the subject.
4 Questions asked by various person
brought out the following facts an
ideas:
Girls had sewing and cooking school
Z largely attended They might be taugh
wood carving, light ccrpenterlng, arch
i lecture and working drawing.
(. In order to enter the training school
J. fair knowledge Of free-hand drawing wa
|. necessary.
/, Scholars in the Philadelphia school
= can 60 from them to the high school Q
the training school to complete thei
course
, Drawing is as much a part Of tn
course in the Philadelphia schools a
arithmetic. There were no special teacl
= ers. One Of the five assistant superb
+ tendeuts taught mechanical drawing
d the teachers in classes.
3, Any teacher who can draw a straigl
# line can be taught mechanical drawing.
IS AL courses in the training school al
, obligatory.
st There are three shops in the trainin
schoOl-carpenteri iron working an