Telegram-herald., 1889-06-30

>1a eHzsAk>s rr.SsA.ssass-
rszn2s c<ss Ne OsE4scsP1zias tEfoe, os
-sn-ke headed nsAes, foza1 "a TIE Ind a.
r-zloa, @e uleet ~ss1 ssnszi.< sx11slsi-ns 81
bfs-f1lsI A&asts. writes Dr. A2srsS " ~
ss1. r. :. q l. 3. Ia OAacs . es<
Il 10 k2o~a II t1<ss ns4ss t4at ttey eaa
survive kslz perisas sf dryGsss. sytng IS
thsy a. IA tas seEai 4 lid Asz1 of rss@gs za1
><@s Oft@n s1sy 4Ay b. fo4sd lysnx DOR
z4at bs1eats Tia lard s-4sa cfGsts u Aas
ecttoLa II tS<k. from wash every 1EoS 81
~.s1r k4s disspp<4rsc csa, Ia tnasS
nsEss. Il = clsa< 6r~@Lniag ua.sL 10 largely
saspsBdss, sad Efs zoss Ca - ssEy 10"
pressure, 90 - SPEAK, cut - long "a tns
E1ed Is sofs saogga, thssa nsass eaa Dc
seea - Fiss D. TIA surface ~ Intervals -
galP la air. That 10 - s.y. ~nsn h4rd
pressed for watsF. tasse nsass b.ss dsEei
cpea hsots % ssi2s air tAksn oiEectiy
frcm tAs stmosphers fO< the purpose 0f
pErlfytnx tksir bloca-a f4ucLlon E.tur4liy
carried "a ~ their <ilis. They have con
ysrtsd themselves. for the time bessg, iato
Lad aaial..s. Nor Is THIS al Taese
.sa4xs-he.dsd' nshss Of india. while en-
ioyiag thssr oriil.ry NE Ia the water, are
are also seen ~ z1iP down air from the al
0aosPhsrc. DIR. Day tells that this habit
ts - DO regularly observed IN these nsHes-
tie ads ths totsresssag observation that II
act % s1sDs1ded below the surface VI the
water II sAs weasel in waieh they are con-
tanned 50 as % prevent the nsLes from Fis-
Ia - the top Of TIE water 20 breathe in ths
air, they viii actually perish and die by suf-
fOcatl0a- 30 thai Just ordinary ashes
die sL1ocALsd OGt Of the water, these nshes
perish fT0@ lGs Cause IL they are segt IN
Tia water.
Another add nearly related division Of
nshes Includes tho climbing perch Of indi.
and its neighbors. IL l7yz. one Daldorf. ia
paper read before the Liln Society Of
Loaaon, detailed the fact ts.E tie had cap
tared climbing perch cor AnA5asi while
tue nsh WAS cAlasoing a palIn-treo growing
near . pond rao nsh had attained a
height Of ave feet above the water, and was
proceeding 10 BIZ aer level still. by aid
OF tho spines IN front Of It's gili covers, IL
held on % tho trees bark. IL then bent its
tall and inserted into the bark us ninde~
tai spines- Thus nxiug the hinder part OF
the body as a kind OF fuicrum or support,
the fsh then re eased It's head, and msde
further ascent By straightening It's body.
In The Malay tou que the nsh has been n AIMED
the stree climber" and il Is known 70
walk, or rather to waddle, over the land IN
search Of fresh ponds and pools. The gills
are kept moist In its land journeys by a pc
euliar arran geuent of the bones Of the
head These bones are greatly twisted
and contorted, and serve apparently either
70 retain moisture for the gills, or 10 hold a
supply of air sufficient for the breathing
operations Of the fish
But excelling in interest, even the curious
eshes Just named, we fad the Lepidosiren,
or mud-ash, Of the Amazon and Gambia
rivers, aud the Ceratodus, or "Barramun-
da." Of the rivers OF Queensland la most
ordinary fishes, such as the cod. salmon,
herring, etc an organ called the a'r-blad-
der, swimmis z bladder, or sound exists.
The use Of this organ II apparently that OF
enabling the fish 20 rise or 10 sink In the
water, by releasing or compressing ths
gases the "sound" containa This bladder
varies very much In shape and conforua-
ton. and In some cases IL is seen 10 comr1u-
nicate with the throat OF the fish by means
Of a duct or tube. In deepsea fishes the
gas contained in the bladder is mostly
oxygen, while IN fresh-watcr fishes much
nitrogen with little oxygen and carbonic
acid gas are found. These gases appear 70
be secreted or formed BY the air-bladder
itself In some ordinary fishes, IN which a
dense network Of blOod-vessels exists in
connection with the sir- bladder. we may
readily believe that this organ may assist
IN purifying the blood.
In certain fishes, however, not only does
the air bladder become lung-like in struct-
ure, but /, also discharges the duties Of q
hung, IN that it receives impure or venOu.
blood froul the BODY and returns it 10 the
bodv in a purified condition. The CeratOdUs
OF Queensland has thus an air-bladder
which IL q true lung. IL rises to the sur
face Of the water and fills this ling, rhen
descends and remains below water until
the air il has inhaled has become ex
hausted. The fsh possesses also fully-ds
veloped gills, and we may hold that these
organs are its natural breathing organs
while 10 inhsblts the water. although IL Is
equally obvious that the 'ung-iilKc air-bladder
must constitute It's means OF breathing, :, ,wheI
from any circumstances the gills are unable
70 perform their work. As DR.. Gunthes
tells US, tho BarrsmUuda "can breathe
either by gills or lungs alone, or by bott
simultaneously"
The Lepidcsreus, or "nud fishes" on
the other haad. are more decidedly luns
breathers than the CeratodGs. For then
air-bladder IA really double lung. purify
ing impure blood, in the absence Of water
IN which medium alone their gills can ac'
efficiently Ia the dry seasons Of the year
these mud fishes appear 70 De dried NJ
with the mud OF the pools or lakes they
inhablt They coil head and tail together
aud exist thus inside a cavity or receptacle
followed in the mud, which may communi
cats with the outer air by an aperture OF
channel These fishes are dug out Of the
mud. and are often sent - Europe packed
az 10 were. By nature. within their mud Ia
restusnts. and existing thus inside veri
table bail of dry clay. whence they are re
leased BY sleeping The clay IN tepid water
In this state IL il evident the breathing
must Be Of q strictly atmospheric type
There can BE- DO use for gilis in fish while
itis spending part OF is life IA dried and
desscated state.
Hence. the lunglike sir-bladder mUs'
perform an The functions of breathing, the
eira resuming their duties. doubtless
when ths wet season dissolves the clay suC
when the fish returns 20 its native waters
". witness in such a case the stages bJ
which the 'Tps of water life can be, snt
probably has oeen. modified into ths typ,
of land life Anyone who sees a frog %
sia Hfa IA a tadDole. brssfhinE with gilis
sod ending it, existence as an air bFestRinl
frog. may think q the mud fishes, and not
how lower lfe often successfully aspire,
a. attain q higher stage OF existence
Vn~fe NedFu .nd the Re porter.
They tell in chicago story ABOUT Unci'
Joseph MediH. the owner OF tue Chicsg
Tribune. and new reporter ~ that paper
The r@port,r ~ras sent tha other svenin z Q