The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1889-02-26
HEAr Used TO MAKE ICE.
he Modern Paradox Explained and
Elucidated,
Erom The New York Press.

r,o+ar in a porous bottle is hung in the
hot sun rays the moisture percolating
.brouqh to the outside surface, and quickly
avanorating, will cool the contents, and
+bis is commonly practiced in hot climates
to obtain cooled water for drinking pur-
poses. 49,. .4,ou
;s based the manufacture OF ice, for it was
found that there is an absorption of heat
from the changing Of solids into liquids as
han LIQUIDS are changed into vapor, and
+be earliest form of mixture for ice making,
and the most simple, is snow and salt.
Salt dissolved in water occasions reduction
of temperature, but when the chemical
relstiops of two solids are such that both,
hv mixing, are rendered liquid, a still
CTeater degree Of cold is produced. Such a
STelatlon exists between salt and snow or
crnshed ice, and this mixture is commonly
nsed in making ice cream. By this mix
ture it is p ssible to produce degree of
cold 40 below the freezing point Of
water.
low temperature may be obtained and
the freezing of water be accomplished by
drenching finely powdered sulphate of
soda with undiluted muriatic acid. By
this means ice can be made in bottles for
table use.
The sulphate of soda and acid should be
mixed in a glazed earthen vessel, and the
water to be frozen should be contained
in bottles or tubes immersed in the mixture.
All easily volatilized liquids when evapo-
rated produce a lowering Of temperature
and freezing.
Alcohol poured upon the hand produces a
sensation OF cold by its evaporation.
Elmer may he made to evaporate so
rapidly as to freeze water in the hottest
summer day. This may be accompliah ed
by filling q thin glass partly full of water
and surrounding it with cotton soaked in
ether, and blowing air from a common bel
lows upon the cotton to hasten the evapora-
ton.
The greatest artificial cold is reached,
however by the expansion OF compressed
fluids as air or gases, the effect being the
some as that of rapid evaporation.
By this means the most intense cold can
be produced By a mixture of liquifled
gases placed under the receiver of an air
pump the enormously low temperature of
POO below zero has been obtained.
Faraday compressed carbonc acid gas to
density of 500 pounds pressure per square
inch and allowed the pent up gas to
escape through a small orifice. AS it ex-
banded it froze the moisture in the surround
ing AIR, which fell as snow, and with this
snow he frJze s pounds Of mercury in a
brief time.
1t has been a favored illustration with
Prof. Tyndall to freeze mercury in red
hot crucible He heats platinum crucible
to redness and places a paper cup
in the crucible; in this paper cup he quickly
places a thin bottle containing mercury and
having brass wire penetrating through
the cork into the mercury; between the
bottle and the paper cup he packs carbonic
acid snow, and before the heat Of the cruel
bic can act to heat through the paper and
melt the snow the mercury freezes, shatts
the bottle and the solid mercury is lifted out
by the wire.
With the pefecting of the air compressor
and the use of compressed air in tunnels
and in the mechanic arts came the thought
to make ice as a manufacturing industry.
1t was observed in the use of air under
pressure that ice formed wherever the air
escaped and means had to be invented to
get rid of the troublesome formation.
By experiment it was found that certain
gases when compressed gave more ice for
given pressure than air did, and these
gases were selected instead Of air for ice
making.
One of the earlier forms of ice making
machinery, employing carbonic acid gas,
has been used with success, and is not diff
cult to work, and, being untrammeled by
patent rights, it is available for the use Of
the public.
or water power, of about 25 horse power,
and a room, into which to expand the gas,
that is protected from the entrance of
outside heat by double sides filed in with
sawdust. Within this room there should
be smaller room, of sheet iron and two
foot space between the sides of the inner
room and the outer one, for the expansion
space.
Within the inner room faring sheet
metal vessels are placed to hold the water
to be frozen. The water is conducted to
the vessels by ordinary garden hose, and
when spring water is used the ice is prefer
able every way to natural ice. The rooms
should be arranged to close tight. In
separate building or apartment, place a
holder of boiler iron, an air compressor
capable OF COMPRISING carbonic acid gas
to the density of 200 pounds per square inch,
VIII pipe connections from the holder to
the compressor, and to the space betwee
the rooms, and with valves for controlling
the flow OF gas to and from the holder
ripe connections are also TO be made from
the compressor to tank containing gas, and
to the space between the rooms, so that
the gas expanded into the room can be
again withdrawn and compressed into the
holder
In this form of ice machines that have
been made and used at Panama ana other
places south the gas was produced as it is
is Tor charging soda water fountains, by
the use Of marble dust and sulphuric acid,
and held in large rubber bags. 1t would
De better, however, to have the gas in the
steel holders now so common. aud to have
II under more pressure than the bags would
admit of.
The gas having been compressed into the
holder is allowed to cool, and when the
sheet iron vessels have been filled with
water and the rooms closed tightly the gas
Is allowed to escape into the space be-
tween the rooms, and in expanding will
chill the inner room so as to freeze the
water, which, being in haring vessels, is
easily slid out.
Ice made by machinery is in some respects,
preferable to the natural ice 1t can be
made OF pure water and will last longer, for
there can be greater cold used and harder
ICE produced. In the large meat packing
establishments and in the large breweries
reirgerating machines are used, instead OF
using ice, as formerly.
A single machine Of this type will often
cost $1,000, but the after economy Of power
ana labor makes their use desirable. While
tney are not used to make ice, they produce
covering OF the temperature where de-
slred, and do it very much cheaper than the
melting OF ice would, and avoid the drip and
she interference with the work to be- per-
formed by doing away with the delay neces-
oary 70 put in the ice; and as only pipes are
needed IN the cooling apartments there is a
saving OF valuable space.
Machines OF this character can be placed
upon railway traing and ba ouerat ted by the