Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1889-09-02
THE WORLD IN LITTLE,


the earth, constructed with the utmo accuracy
to the scale Of one millimeter per kilomster-
that is to say, one-mllionth Of the natural size:
and this 10 carried out in design and execution
with oonsummate skill, whether regarded from
. scientific, from an artistic, or from . mechan.
ical point OF view.
The execution OF the work 10 extremely beau
tiful, and it must be remembered that the sur
face is OF such size (no less than 525 square
feeD that very considerable detail can be we'll
shown upon 1t. Not only are the forms Of
countries and the contours of large districts
easy to be depicted. but even cities may have
their general form and size drawn to scale and
some OF the principal thoroughfares repre-
sented. For example, the city Of Paris on this
globe Is very nearly centimeter long and oc-
cuples space large enough for the Seine, and
even the exhibition, to Be fairly marked. az
well as some Of the principal streets and build
lngs. Thus the actual proportions between the
areas OF great cities and those of continents,
oceans and the earth itself are for the first time
accurately shown, and, as every one is fairly
lam: with the size OF the city in which he
lives, he is enabled by this model to form q
tolerably accurate estimate of dimensions Of
the great divisions of the earth. Perhaps the
most striking illustration OF this. and proving
the great value OF the model as an educational
object. is the fact that not only are the dimen-
ferent from the mental estimate one is accus-
toned to make, but their very positions seem to
TAKE ONE BY SURPRISE
This is easily accounted for by the fact that
the maps in an ordinary atlas are all necessarily
OF the same size, their scales being chosen 80
as to reduce each country or continent TO the
dimensions suitable for the size of the plates
Again, 1t is customary to place q continent in
the middle Of the map, the ocean being repre-
sented only by a very small portion to the right
or left of it, as the case may be. and few people
have any clear conception for example. of how
very small or how very far north Europe il,
how far north is the Indian peninsula or how
far south are Australia, New Zealand and Cape
Horn. The great globe at Paris, however. re-
veals these things at glance. When the OBJ
server is at level considerably above the
equatorial regions Of Africa Europe is alto
gether invisible-it Is around the corner or as
the sailors would say, hull down-and India and
even Ceylon are far above the level Of the eye
Australia and New Zealand, on the other hand,
are invisible southwark. The steamer routes
leaving Colombo and Gale on the north pass
diagonally over the apparently boundless ocean
and disappear over, or rather under, the ro-
tundity Of the water to the southeast But by
far the most surprising fact that is clearly il
Illustrated by this superb work is the
ENORMOUS SIZE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN.
The eye Of the observer may have q consid-
cradle range Of position north and south and
east and west Of its central region and yet see
no land in any direction, the whole globe seen
from points within this area being only of
water with here and there groups Of small
islands sprinkled, as it were over its surface.
Numbers OF steamer routes are seen to come
from nowhere and end in nothing and one has
to walk through a considerable arc of the circle
before land appears on either side. Let us now
consider the earth in relation to some other
hnHlna IF N al and Axr1o <los.-
size and distance would be If they were modelled
on the same scale. Commencing with our own
satellite, the moon would be represented by
ball 111a feet in diameter and placed on the
opposite side Of the exhibition, somewhere
in the French picture gallery, about quarter
OF mile away. The sun would. however. re-
quire to be represented by sphers nearly
mile in diameter and placed ninety-thre miles
off. Or, to pu. it in a still more familiar way,
ball, the area inclosed by whose equator is
equal to that OF Hyde park, placed on the shore
at Dieppe, would very fairly illustrate the rela-
tive size and distance from ths Champ de Mars
OF a model of the sun to the same scale as the
model globe. And if this solar model were
placed on the same center as that Of the globe
the moon, revolving in its orbit around the
same center, would be nearly half way beneath
the surface of the sun, which would inclose the
Gallerie des Machines at the further end of the
Champ de Mars.
OTHER WORLDS.
On the same scale the diameter of the planet
Jupiter would be about 500 feet about half the
height OF the Eiffel tower, that of Saturn would
be little more than q third Of that height,
while Venus would be about the same size as
the globe, and Mercury about half the size. An
exceedingly interesting series Of statistical and
geographical diagrams are also placed upon ths
panels on the outside Of the cupols. The first
gives the population of the different conti-
nents and quarters Of the globe; then follow
two panels giving the populations of the coun-
tries In Europe, then the populations of the
capitals and the great cities Of Europe, fol-
lowed by the populations of the countries of
Asia. and next the populations of the great
cities or Asia; then the populations of the
African countries, then that Of North and Gem
trail American countries, followed by q table
showing the populations Of South American
countries. finishing with the populations Of the
great towns of Australia. One Of the most in
teresting diagrams is a section of small por-
ton OF the earth's crust drawn to the same
scale as the globe Zone millmeter to one kilo-
moter), the mountains as we'll as the depths Of
the sea being drawn to the same vertical scale
as the rest of the diagram. On this diagram
are also shown the probable limit of the atmos-
phere, 800 kilometers U86 miles,, and the
depth OF the zone entering which meteorites
become incandescent, POO kilometers O24
miles(. On the next panel is diagram show
ing the comparative heights Of the principal
mountains and ranges on the earth, the limits
OF vegetation and the regions OF perpetual
snow; this diagram is drawn to a vertical scale
of five centimeters per thousand meters q scale
in which the Eiffel tower would be q little over
half an inch in height
SEAS AND SHIPS.
The next two tables show the number Of sail
ing ships and the number Of steamships re-
spectively belonging to different countries. In
both Of these Great Britain is very far ahead Of
other nations. In the annual production of
coal, which is the subject Of the next table,
Great Britain is, of course, long way in adj
vance of other countries. yielding 159 600 900
tons, the next in order being the United States,
whose output is los, 600, 900 tons. The last Of
these statistical tables is illustrative of the
commercial activity of the different nations of
Europe. Of which Great Britain stands prac-
tically alone, her commercial enterprise being
represented by is, 456, 0O0, 900 Of francs f618,.
100000 The coIoring of the ocean is made to
represent its various degrees of depth. Thus
the shallower portions-thosc under 1000
fathoms-ar shores and islands are colored
pale blue between 1000 and 1000 fathoms
a darker shade, becoming darker in five stages
until the great ocean depths exceeding $500
fathoms are reached. which are painted very
dark blue. Across the sea are drawn upon tho
globe the great steamer routes, thu coasting
vessels festoOning between port and port, while
the ocean routes sweep around the globe from
continent to continent in their apparently end
less tracks. the French routes being colored
red, the British routes being colored blue,
while those of other nations, when finished,
will be represented by yellow lines. The lines