davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30

was paid 40 by the railroad Friday even
ing. After paying several small bills and
depositing $40 for safe keeping with n
storekeeper, he started out and was last
seen about IL o'clock. He was evidently
choked to death and was being carried to
the railroad track when the niurderers
were scared away.
There viii be given in Taggart's Hall
on Wednesday night. April Sd, grand
bon bon ball for the benefit Of the King
man public school. Tickets are two dol
lars and they can be obtained Of the var
ious stores throughout the county. The
ball win be notable one and will be
largely attended.
Messrs. Selken & Logan, the lessees Of
the Grand Canyon OF the Colorado river
stage line from Peach springs are making
an effort TO induce tourists to visit the
Grand Canyon. They have had printed
at the MINER Office several thousand cir
culars and advertising cards descriptive Of
the route, which they win have circu-
lated on the trains and in the east.
The latest reports from the Canyon
Diablo train robbers is that they were
met at Black Falls, on the Little Colo
RADIO river, by John Black, who was re-
turning from Southern Utah. Buckle
ONeii with posse was only six miles
behind them. The robbers after leaving
the train went south toward Tcnto basin
and returned by another route, crossing
the railroad some ten miles west Of the
scene OF the robbery, and are now max
ing their way to Utah, where they proba-
bly, belong.
A general change will occur in the San.
Ia Fe Offices next month. III. X. Nicker-
son, Superintendent Of the Middle Divis-
ion, will move his headquarters from
Newton, Kansas, to Kansas City. N. I.
Spoor, now Assistant Superintendent, viii
be General Agent at st. Louis. J. q.
Miller, the General Agent at st. Louis,
will then act as Assistant General Freight
Agent of the Chicago, Santa Fe Il Califor-
MIA branch, at Chicago. f. q. Gray, Az
sistant General Freight Agent Of the
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe at Kansas
City, viii be promoted TO General Freigh.
Agent OF the Chicago, Santa Fe & Califor.
mia, with headquarters at Chicago. G. A.
Parker, formerly Of Kansas City, goes
from Chicago to Topeka as Assistant Gen.
eral Freight Agent Of the Atchison, Tope'
ka q Santa Fe. s. b. Hines, formerly
General Agent at Topeka OF the Atchison
Topeka & Santa Fe, goes to the Pacific
coast as General Freight Agent Of the Cal.
ifornia Southern and the California Cen.
trail railroads. A. p. Tanner, formerly
Chief Clerk Of Traffic Manager White, will
I'LL the vacancy caused by Mr.. Gray's pro
motion, and win have charge Of the Kan
sas City Office.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
Notice of Forfeiture.

To Frank Drake:--
You are hereby notified that have ex-
pended two hundred dollars in labor and
improvements upon tbs Ocean Wave mining
claim, situated In Cedar Mining District,
Mohave county, Arizona Territory. and
duly recorded in book g., pages 673 and 574
Mohave county Mining Records. in order to
hold said premises under the provisions OF
Section 1884, Revised Statutes Of the United
States, being the amount required to hold
the same for the years ending Dec 3lst, 1887
and 1888.
And you are further notified that the pro.
portion OF said expenditure due from you
is $25. 90, iawfnl money Of the United States,
and il within 80 days after tho publication
of this notice you fail or refuse to contri.
butte your proportion Of such expenditure
as co-owner, your interest In said claim will
become the property Of the undersigned,
under said section 1924.
III. r. 8rRAwBELL.
Dated Kingmsn, Jan. II, 1889.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
Notice of Petition for sale or Real
Estate.

In the Probate Court Of the County Of Mo-
have, Territory Of Arizona.
In the matter Of the Estate of Charles
Spencer, deceased.
Notice is hereby given that Samuel Gro.
zier, Executor Of the Estate Of Charles
Spenctr, deceased, having fled in this Court
his pet ition for the sale OF the real estate of
Charles Spencer. deceased, the hearing of
which has been fixed by said Court for
Monday. the First day of April. 1859, at II
o'clock q. m. Of said day, at the Court room,
at Taggart's Hall, kingman, Mohave county;
and all persons interested in said estate are
notified then and there to appear and show
cause, II any there be, why said petition
should not bs granted. ..-
Dated Kingrnan, January a0th, 1883.
IA L. D. CowAM, Clerk.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
MINING NOTES.

Our mines are doing good deal Of
prospecting now.
Tho Copper World, twelve miles south
OF Yucca, and several other claims in that
vicinity have been sold.
The machinery ior tho Rattan mine Is
now on the ground and Is being put In
position as fast as men and money can
do il.
A number OF mining sales will shortly
take place, and several OF Mohaye
county's most valuable mines viii change
ownership.
A. M. McDufiie and j. r. Finegan have
purchased Of 4. j. Edmiston the Copper
Trust at Chloride, a recent location and
one which promises well.
The machinery Of the Cerbat mill is
being oycrhauled by Msssrs. John Barry
and James l.. smith, who will start it ~
soon as everything Ii ready.
A new body oi ore was encountered In
the Prince George this week. The vein
is two feet wide and Of high grade. The
Prince George may yet prove the best
mine on Stockton Hill.
A rich body OF ore has been struck in
the Minnesota mine. The ore is the
richest and most extensive ever struck la
this mine, which has produced = good
deal OF high grade ore.
The mill at the Flores consolidated
mines has been shut down for the past
week awaiting the completion Of some
connections in the mine which will be
finished this week when tho mill win
again start.
John Kolar and Harvey Hubbs while
on a prospecting tour in the Waliapai
mountains last week discovered a gold
bearing ledge which they are now having
developed and OH which they hope to
make rich strike.
The Southwestern Mining Company as
Ell Dorado canyon is taking out some fine
ore from the mine perchased of John
Powers some eighteen months ago. AT
the time OF obtaining the Powers claim
the company were about to shut down,
but the mine is doing 80 well that the
erection of new reduction works is con-
templatcd. The gold bullion is shipped
10 San Francisco, via Needles, and is said
to average about s45, 600 per month.
The Golden Gate Mining and Milling
Company OF 81. Louis, has been reorgan-
| lied aud is now called the Monarch. The
Company has a mill at Gann's Springs
| and mine at Lost Basin, eight miles
from the Colorado river and seventy-fve
miles from Kingman. The present man
ipulators are placing stock in st. Louis
and state that they will endeavor to find
the lost vein and will spend thousand
dollars month in doing 20. They might
just as well throw their money in ths
Mississippi river for the vein is ofno value
when found as has already been fully
demonstrated. There are, however, sey
eral mines in the vicinity that could pro
badly proftably worked by the Monarch
should that company buy them and sys'
tematically work them. The Golden
Gate at one time looked as il it would de
velop into a paying property but breal
in the ledge destroyed all hopes and a
good many thousand dollars have been
spent in hopes that the vein would bs
found. All the mining men agree in say
ing that it is useless TO spend money OF
the Golden Gate when adjacent mines
that show up well can be bought at wha
are considered low figures.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
Advice to MOthePy.

| M.ss wrssbow's SOOTHING sYRUp, for
children teething, is the prescription of one
the best female nurses and physicians In
"a United States, and has been used for
sno years with nsver-failing success by
Ios n of mothers for their children. Dur,
iniio' process of testhing its value Ii In.
'i's VIC e. It relieves the child from pain,
o... a.. 1tery and diarrhea, gripping in
oui.' md wind collie. BY giving health
the pc bo"sls, "hs,a Z rests the mothy. Price 25c
"A bottle.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
sss Reward.

Estrayed or stolen--O Ono large black
horse, eighteen hands higI, seven years
old, no brand, no white marks; ono gray
horse, twelve years old. branded on left
side with figure 8, bottom side up. This
reward sill be paid for any information
leading to their recovery.
j. IA. FAgLgs,
Peach Springs, Mohaye Co., Arizona.
March 2J, 1883.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
nueklen's Ar1iea Smlye

The best Salve in the world for Cuts,
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum, Fever
Sores, letter. Chapped Hands. Chilblains,
Corns and all Skin Eruptions, and posi-
lively cures piles or no pay required. 1t
Is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction,
or money refunded. Price rs cents per
box. For sale by Watkins Bros.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
Cattiessaen Attea tisn !.

The first annual meeting Of the Mohave
County Live Stock Association win be
held In Kingmsn on Monday, April LIST,
1889. Business Of importance win be
transacted and full attendance of the
members Of the Association 10 requested.
SAMUEL CaozfER,
Il. j. GopxAS, President.
Eqgrafary
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30
Netiee.

Notice is hereby given that ! have sold
my business IT Stockton Hill 70 the w.
IL. Taggars Mercantile Company. All
accounts due me win be collected by
Frank l.. Smith, who is authorized TO
receive all money due me and 30 receipt
for the same. WIN. III. LAKE.
Mohave County miner., 1889-03-30

,yi,i F9E - saak;a .n,d a . bargsin. Inquire at
this Office.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14
PROBATE COURT PROCEEDINGS.

FROM MARCH lsr to MARCH 18th.
Estate Goodperry, deceased. Petit
ton for Admr. Continued.
Estatc-Joh H. Harms, deceased.
Petition for settlement. Continued
from Feb.
Esiste-Anna NJ. Dahmen, deceased.
Petition for settlement. Account al
lowed and final order made.
Estate Diedrich j. Harms, deceased.
Petition for settlement. Continued
from Feb.
Est William Gilman, deceased I.
Petition of j. w. Curtis for conveyance.
Proof filed. Order to convey made.
Estate ottfried Kreiser, deceased.
Petition to sell real estate. Proof filed
and continued.
Esiate-Felix Byrne, deceased. Petit
ton for settlement. Account allowed
and final order made.
Estate-R. G. Humphrey, deceased.
Petition for settlement. Account al
lowed and final order made.
Estate Christian Tolifson, deceased.
Petition for Admir-. Christopher Oleson
appointed administrator and his bond
fixed $4,000.
Estate-Michael BYrne, deceased.
Petition for settlement. Proof filed and
case continued.
Estate-Gottleib Aupperle, deceased.
Petition to probate will. Will proved,
allowed and admitted to probate.
Estate-Leonhart HiIsch, deceased.
Petition for settlement. Account al
lowed and estate left in the hands OF
executor during the life of the widow.
Estate-Simeon Reckenthaler, de.
ceased Petition for settlement. Proof
filed. Account allowed and final order
made.
Estate-Isaac Lord, deceased. Peti
ton !, for Settlement. Proof filed ant
case continued.
/ Estate-Lawrence Neeham, deceased
Proof filed. Jenas Rawson, Jr., ap
I pointed admr. and his bond fixed a
f $1,000.
Estate--John Richards, ST., deceased
/ Petition for admr. Proof filed. j. r
Spear appointed admir-. and bis bono
fixed at $1,000.
/ Estate-Bomony Martell, deceased
Petition for admr. Jacob Hale appointed
admir- and his bond fixed at 81, 200.
Estate-David Phillips, deceased
Last hearing of claims. Proof filed
Final judgment of no claims signed.
Estate Hubert L. Rasque, deceased
Petition for settlement continued.
| Estate Guardianship of E. B Miller
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14
peArn 81 yoEL 6. souIags.

The above named gentleman died in
Plaiteville on the 81. Of apoplexy, at
the age OF 90 years. He settled in that
city In 1916; was elected clerk OF the
circuit court in 1S4S, and county clerk
in 1850. He was elected senator from
Grant county in 1851. which office he
resigned May /, 1853, to assume the
duties of register of the United States
land Office at Mineral Point, to which
position he had been appointed by Presi-
dent Pierce. He was elected bank
comptroller in 1857. He engaged IN
banking at Mineral Point in 1859, at .
tine when a circulation of the banks OF
Wisconsin were secured by Southern
bonds, notably those in Missouri and
Tennessee; these bonds depreciating
very rapidly during the rebellion caused
many banks to go into liquidation, that
Of Mr.. Squires' among them, To his
credit, however, he turned over to his
creditors every dollar he possessed, even
his plate and household furniture, leav-
ing himself and family penniless. He
then engaged in mining at Platteville-
poor success attended his efforts, a seri-
.,ns accident befell him in December,
1875, when rope broke precipitating
him 80 the bottom of deep shaft, re
sultue in making him cripple for the
of his life. He has been
prominently identified with the Masonic
fraternity Of the state. joining the or
der in 1876.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14

Mr. Jacob Reed. one Of our enter
prising farmers, has gone to Virgins
to spend short time visiting old lime
friends and relatives.
Mr.. and Mrs. John Miller, Of East
Dubuque, spent few days with friehds
in this place,
Mrs. p. j. Oakleaf. Of Sioux City, is
spending few weeks with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. j. Wager.
Miss Minnie Mink is spending her
vacation at home.
Miss Nettie McKimmie, teacher Of
the Burton school, has returned TO heI
home in Cassville,
Mr.. G. S. johnson, Of Johnsonvillc,
and MIR. Henry Mink, representing the
mercantile house of Adam Mink. Of
this city, have been 10 Dubuque the
past week purchasing stock of spring
goods.
Mrs. Joseph Pine ard Mfr. F. NJ.
wager, of st. Paul, are spending a few
weeks with friends.
Burton now boasts of two blacksmith
shops.
The firm of Reed and Amsden hav-
ing dissolved partnership, each one
having shop of their own, are now
ready for spring.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14


Are the months in which to purify the
blood, as the system is now most sus-
ceptible TO benefit from medicine.
Hence now is the time to take Hood S
Sarsaparilla, a medicine peculiarly
adapted for the purpose, possessing pecu-
liar curative powers. 1t expels every
purity from the blood, and also gives it
vitality and richness. It creates an
appetite, tones the digestion, invigor-
ates the liver, and gives new life and
energy 20 every function Of the body.
The testimony Of thousands, as to the
great benefit derived from Hoods Sar-
saparills, should convince everybody
that 1t Is peculiarly the best blood
purifier and spring medicine. 81
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14
cATARRH.

A New Home Treatment for the Cure o. ga
tarrh, Catarrhal Deafness and Hay 2, "er'
The microscope has proved that 'nes'
diseases are contagious, and that me-
are due to the presence of living ps "a
sites in the lining membrane of sn'
upper air passages and eustachian tub %
The eminent scientists, Tyndall, Huxlt
and Beale, endorse this and thes
authorities cannot be disputed. Tht
regular method of treating these dis
eases is to apply an irritant remedy
weekly and even daily thus keeping the
delicate membrane in constant state
of irritation, accompanied by violent
sneezing, allowing il no chance TO heal
and as natural consequences of such
treatment not one permanent cure has
ever been recorded. 1t is an absolute
fact that these diseases cannot be cured
by any application made oftener than
once in two weeks, for the membrane
must get chance to heal before any
application is repeated. 1t is now seven
years since Mr.. Dixon discovered the
parasite in catarrh and formulated his
new treatment, and since then his rem
edy has become a household word in
avery country where the English Ian
g,1age is spoken. Cures affected by
him seven years ago are cures still,
there having been no return of the dis
ease.
SO highly are these remedies valued,
and so great is the demand for them,
that the Ignorant imitators have started
up every where, pretending to destroy a
parasite, ,0f which they know nothing,
by remedi,Ns the result of the applica-
ton of which they are equally ignorant.
Mr.. Dixon's remedy is applied once in
two weeks. I'D from one to three APP
plicatiops effe ct permanent cure in
the most aggravated cases. N. B.
For catarrhal tvoubles peculiar to fe-
males this remedy is a specific.
Mr.. Dixon sends pamphlet describ-
ing his new treatl uent on receipt of 10c
in stamps. The address is A. II. Dixon
& Son, sos King ST rect West, Toronto,
Canada. - Scientifi,s Americana
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14
FOUR NEW STATES.

South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana.
Washington,
on February -. 1889 the President siguqd tho
bill creating South Dakota. North Dakota. Mob.
tana, and Washington states OF the Union
SOurn DAKOTA, The great Prairie state, Ia
which the ST. Paul. Minneapolis A Manitoba
Rail wayhas three maiu lines. reaching Eilcndals
Abordcen, Huron. Watcttown. and Ss0ox Pals.
90 10 South Dakota via the ST. Paul, Minneapolis
q Manitoba Railway and pass through 81 Paul
and Minneapolis On ionte.
Norm nAK0TA where IA grown No. Harl
Scotch Fife Wheat, whose hcalthlal climate
nHriurcs the most Vigorous aud hgalnY clvlh2a-
iion on earth; where. slnglc counties tslae morn
wheat oats and barley thnn entire states tha
soil 0f whose fertile praries IL richer han tho
valleys Of the Nile, where the Turlle Mountain,
Muot, and DevilsL nkc lanu Hlettlete invite homfs
seekers 20 secure FRYE home. Mngn!hcent
daily train service Ia Fargo, Grand Forks Graf
ton. Devils Lake, DOltincau, aud oil o,hcr i'm
portant points.
MONTANA, TuE GoLpES Treasures In her
mines OF preciOns metals wealth In her S,0l0,0D
head Of live stock; profit IN her fertile hcds.
producing larger Yield 81 crops Than any othec
state or territory tho richest country per in
hSbiiants on earth; where prosperity Is unlycF.
sal; which has the best paid laOOs IN tho world :
q balmy winter climate, caused by warm winds
from the Pacific. The 81. Paul, Minneapolis ~
Manitoba Railway Is the only railroad pasalng
through a continuous agricultural country mona
ST Paul and Minneapolis 10 the Rocky Mour ;
taius. 10 runs through tho Great Reservation OF
Milk River Valley. Wood, water aud coal in
abundance; no irFigai Ion required; the only line
passing through Great Falls, with Us i,bNWU
horsepower cataracts; immense coal velue, AMI
surrounding farming country OF Tree land
through Helena, the capital city and commercial
centre of Montana, and Butte, The richest mining
camp on earth to san francleco by me Iolpm1it
River Valley. Portland and ehaeiA Route. Or
Ogden Utah, 20 California pointa. Rcnelnbcc
lhle II the only line running dining carr, sleep.
inc cars aud free colcnlst slccpore ~ We own
from 81. Paul snl Minneapolis 10 ofcal Fale.
Helena and Butte. II ie also The shoriest Inns
TO Butte
Waehlngton- conntfy Of tan timber in.
dentcd by Puget Sound. the Mediterranean OF
the Pacne DO not forget that the So. Paul.
Minneapolis & Manitoba Hallway Is the only sso
which offers a choice OF three routes 10 Tho Pa
cinc coast. The Mauitoha-Pac!hc route ls the
only line by which passengers en- route Tot Taco
ma, Portland and san Francisco can pa6s thtongh
Port Townsend aud Seattle. Free coloniei slcep-
ers run through without change o. delay. Dis
lance to the Pacific C0esi Ia same a. By othcF
limos, bui prices Of tickets are dNc aud ten doJ-
lar- Ices. Take the Seattle route.
For further informal Ion, maps, rates and pub-
icailons in regard 10 the resources OF he to,sr
new states, write or Apply 20 7 WhIiNhl ,
Gent Pass and 1kt. So, ~. r., NJ. NJ Ry.s
81 Paul Minn.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14

Our notes this week are very small,
the minds of the people being absorbed
with the Inauguration of the President
Many Of our friends are leaving for
the west, among them are Mr.. Sam
Ransom, wife and four children, Mrs.
Mcdowell, Joe Lance and family, Mr..
Henry Long, wife and children. MIR.
Will Farris who has been visiting his
mother, intends returning to bis western
home.
Mr.. Joseph Horsfall. Jr., of Millville,
was up 10 see Mr.. Mansell who is very
sick.
Mr.. Jake Erwin has moved on his
farm formerly owned by Frank Simp:
kins.
MIR. Chas Sandlebach, Sr., eontem-
plates removing to his farm rented to
Mr.. John Sitter,
Yankee Sitter commonly called
removes to his farm which he has rented
Of Geo. Moordy Ike.
Mr.. Geo. Croft was in our village
this week trying 10 dispose of his ex-
,,ellent washing machine. He is one OF
thee jovial good natured souls who
alway.' has Kind word for all
Con.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14
City election next Tuesday.


Public meeting at Hyde's Hall Mon
day evening.
Wm Dyer has been adding new
buggy shed to his livery barn.
Vote for high license and an income
for the city that will lessen your taxes.
Are you IN favor of high license with
several thousand dollars yearly for the
city useo
Nearly two car loads of carriages aud
bugges were received by Hurley, HYDE
x hyde last week.
The ladies society of the Congrega-
ticnal Church meet with Mrs. Il. b.
Murphey. this afternoon.
Mrs. +. b. Sherman has been very
sick with inilamatory rheumatism for
several months. She is now improving.
The residence of Vim. lockwood is
being rapidly pushed to completion A
well IS also being drilled on the prem
ises
Mrs. George Muesse, gave six
O'Clock tea Saturday afternoon. TO a
number Of her friends, in honor of Mrs.
Charles Alexander.
Germ Walker has left the contract to
the BrooNer Bros. to build large so
II. square brick. building, where the
h, It'd block formerly stood.
wm lockwood, on Thursday re
ceiyed +, udsome dark iron gray horse
from I,na,, ;lc The animal weighs
1915 aonnd. cost $3.50.
Attend liz can, rs Monday evening
that Will convene inn Nea'a'eiy "i'er .n'
Council report. See thu. soo. '4oAe'
is put in the field for Tues, '@y F'osi'O"
The beautiful Estiy Organ, 'as' was
on exhibition at the Grant Coul ~ al
last fall, was purchased last ", W =
Aug Nehaelis, by the Masonic 0. YES
for their lodge room.
Maggie Mics with her infant child
has been committed to the county Jail
for ninety DAYS Deputy McGonigal
went to Boscobel and brought her to
Lancaster last week.
Martin Oswald has rented the house
recently purchased BY Charles Vincent,
Of British Hollow Of Benjamin Garner
and viii move his family herr from
Fennimore Is soon as possible.
Mrs. Henrietta WooIsten holm. enter
tanned about thirty ladies at a i've o'clock
tea on Friday afternoon The guests
were seated at four dain lilly set tables,
and were waited upon by Mrs, Wool
stenholm's daughters.
All ladies and gently ,mcn in sympathy
\ with the plan Of olga sizing a Humane
Society in this city, re cordially invited
to meet at the dent i rooms Of DR.. j
Il. Reed, On Fdd' y evening of this
week It i.45.
Dir Bendorf Or owe Into town Tuesda,
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14
Don't give up, ny poor, sick friend;

Don't give up. ny poor, sick friend;
Where there's life there's hope, tis.saidi
Sicker persons often mend
Time to give up when y.ou re dead.
Purer. richer blood you need;
Strength and tone your system give;
This advice be wise and heed
Take the G. NJ. ID. and live.
Those letters stand for Golden Med
ical Discovery (Dr. Pierce's), the
susat building-up, purifying. and dis
eass-expelling remedy of the age.
Don't hawk, hawk, blow. spit, am
disgust everybody with your offensive
breath. but use DR.. Sage's Catarrh
Remedy and end it.
Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1889-03-14
NO LICENSE TICKET.

In accordance with a cali issued by
Stone Bros. Il Hassell, a caucus in
favor of auti-liceuse was held at their
store Tuesday evening. w. NJ. Stone
called the meeting tie order aud T. NJ.
Barber wa; chosen chairman, with l.. j.
Arthur, secretary.
The following ticket was placed in
nomination For mayor, Alex. Ivey
aldermen. M. NJ. Ziegler, Jesse Wagner,
T. ID. Goodrich, Geo. Stewart for
supervisor. Alex. Ivey.
II. W. hcNair, John Hurley aud
w. NJ. Stone were selected as com
mittee to arrange the campaign. have
tickets printed, etc.