The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1889-04-24
TIE MINDS CT ANIMALS.
DIR. MARTINS LECTURE At RICHMOND
COLLEGE.
rnr RupturNr on CONSCIENCE IN
IoGS.
The Ncxt Generation to Throw More Lsh'
on the Human mind Than All the
Speculatious uoring All the
Preceding Ages.

kins University. closed h. course OF lee
t.,.. with "a discussion OF the subject
"Thc Minds of Animals.
In. Martin began boy saying that pos
sibi. lo many of his hearers the subject
on which hc ID The honor to anuiess
them mi -hf seem equivalent 10 lecture
ON fhc snakes Of Ireland The Minus
al Animals There are no MINDS
i'm animals PCS II not to-day, yet but a
Nv wear. aeo thls was the general be
.f l.cn now display OF skiii by
.o,e of fne Iokcr animals r. usually
s,okcn az %. remarkable instinct,
while most actions performed by men are
REGARDED as directed by reason an opih-
ION in some cases rather extraordinary
Nc have tn meet two questions lrst;
Have animal. minds Seconds II they
i.yo cam we discover them: Taking
nm thi, latter query The lecturer pointed
onf that al know ledge, except maj oil
,ur own slate. of consciousness was sec
ondafy. and based opinion or Judg-
,,,.nt moi ON direct cOenitiOn, and that,
therefore. our usual belief that our
fellow n,n and women have minds es-
eoofiaUy Ike our own, was not I'm
mediate knowledge. hui judgment ar
rived 800 th1oulh an anniosicai argument
Iic SHEEN pointed oui lh"'' even III "ui
Own no. e-. many apparently pun 'osci VI
actions were n'eFi. '"''9 "a .,,.'l
nad described reflex and instructive
az Jon. n man.
J. Sims became obvious that the mere
uselulnc-s of an action 10 the organizer
peiiolminr 10 Was mo- proof OF the pres
cnce oi reason.
Ne Thus came pack To- lhc question:, y
there amy test winch Nc can apply q" INC
useful hnd. purposc'lihe aclloh Oh an.
NAL, Whi .n VIII enahlc MS 10 ue'i"c VA i,a
thcy 500. directed 10y lh'v"ls'"''
gci such evidence ll we ma "'i ,. e,''i'",
leaning u" iH'N' ",' l"' Ill on's
useful ti''"'s' "' 10 '''D''',l V',' -,
On consCg OBJ ', NV" a. 1870, .."s;o,,s,
penence-. i'i,ihullil ny oApo''Ol'o,
De- the ear tr "i intelligence III INC Io"o'
anlm'.-"' .n man. ,s,,
Having nil'lIt'eu ,''' S'.i ''"o '''i ~.
oi animals through ''ii oN
40 OF i.i'' i'',s' e,,,
sle''' nii,', '.,' ., '"e i',,' a.
Vn'N' ''.' ,'.,,. ,,.,,cb ,1,,.,,,
"'-'' '.i al Il, s,i
..t5 '.Ir .,roil mn Franklin
-, ,.,,... ,.r.....rt Easter Sunday after
.',..',. .'l. .,...,.,,,. tlrouoh my eve.
>.... ,.., number of A,Dsnfions.
....f..ll,. H,,t NOT minced.
....l.i i,,,.,es. themselves on
..... ...'...,..l and tbns become
.... ,.,,.,, as .....,.,f..Dx should
,'r..,..f.. .,., notice M au or but very
t.. ,.. ,,,il.,, of carriares or
+t.'.t,-,i~- ~ .nauows. bat I should
-. '.,...f,. ,..r,.i,e 81 GREAT many
t'... =, t.e.rnJ of INV walk /
i.. ...... Do ..,.,... ,r. fac,. thef il get a
,,....'..l ..,...in,fion of some one pre-
,.i....i ....,,..,,op.. ,nch 81 mental re-.
,,,..... ., tJs in Ills case q
p... ,ni..L, ,,r,ceed in
'..i .'',....'.,,'' ali ,bn focoe /
'"'''N v' '.''' I'LL al
".' 't ..l.,.,,,.i 90, .o,,o NOV,
'"'' ,lil.,i ,...,,. ,,,.,,,,.
iivi" '',', '''..' ''' ,''', ,.,,, " ''
p"i"'7 "' '''"', , ,ooo ~
i''"''' -. i'.d;
general "4 "i,',',s '''.',''' ,'o.' on, ',''',
FiHu'l l",D' aug 'i'"' '''''' "'' "''''''' VI
e'"'i'N"'
'''' ADJ nav '''''
Abstract ideas dillti greatly ID com
plcNiiy. aut ine more complex are only
possible through ihc use OF language. ii
would therefore Dee absurd 90 expect To
find n 1.-THE lower animals such complica'
tel mental concepts "s righteousness
virtue OF reverence "' "'iio'is"l' y
child ha' at hlel Do" -u'h '"hce p'loh'
and only forms lhem Nhen sulil'leh'iN
skilieu ODD l.' Use obi ''il-uAst 10 carry Oh
tram oi thought ul the ana OF sNIiuols
But thtie le no reason Why animals
shOlid n0l form SNch simple ahslrac
idea, us oo not require the use oil ian
gRage. IDS was illustrated bN Inc ldei
OF food ass dislnct from the hoiioh o.
any one kinu ol lonl' ana ON the iuea oil
cause anu eh''l I'D nature as eNhioi'eu
by do1- and horses.
ffcmi'iu- ms iuF'hef remarks nY the
statement 'n'' ne was no" gel'lhg on
the dangerous territory OF hhtcuote'
conccrnin- animals ana must iIusl ms
audience l' h'HeNt lh"l nc NouIu onl>
tell them what he h'd -Ood reason To De
heve true ana authentic Ut. MaIllh pro
cccdcd io give Instances Oh ioi''u"V III
elephant u'-' ana apes As u" '"o use
CD lool- "f GIT t'N'l'' ""V ''"""' 10 ~
"a'e severn examples ana eh'eie1 I'M,
s'ne uel"i concerning AhohAeY seleC'eu
lor his m'ells|ncc from me Io"iosical
Garden, in london 10y MI Nouahes
secretary oi ihe Lihheah society ana
carefully studied Tor siN weeks by MS
sister
Dr Martin then gave some account OF
tie emotions of animals especially ele
phants and dogs. ano described "a curious
cNhibiuon oi jealousy oN tame tat once
possessed nt himself ne also gave MS
tories showing lhat in some oil the most
Intelligent anna best cared Tor uogs thei,
was some sense OF hcfoonal dignity, ana
even tuc emotion of rcmOlse and the ru.
dimeAt oi conscience.
Dr Martin closed his able and learned
address hy saying Is there any one pres
ent who has some sort OF uneasy feeling
that such an enquiry mo 'ne beginnings
OF MINDS a7 nave ouliiuv" 'o-hlsn'' Oh
nafufe ,A.f.h have suggested i'm this or
the previous lectures are irIeligiOus If