davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
A HORRIBLE CRIME.
Charles SheIar Kills His Wife and Three
Children and Himself.

Children and Him self.
NILES, o., Dec. 23.-This community
was thUnderstruck yesterday evening by
the discovery of one of the most whole
sale and bloody butcheries that has ever
occurred in this section Of the state. The
victims, five in number, are Charles
Shelar, wife and three children, and the
crime is supposed to have taken place at
an early hour yesterday morning. When
the inhuman deed was discovered, about
o'clock yesterday evening, all five
bodies were stiff and cold in death, with
their Threats cut from ear to ear. Shelar
and his wife were lying together across
the foot OF the bed; the three children
were on the floor in different parts of the
house.
Shelar was a mill man and had steady
employment, but of late drank heavily,
and it Is rumOred that he and his wife
did not live happily together, The
theory advanced Is chat Shelar in a fit of
madness cut the Threats of his wife and
children and then his own. The weapon
used was a razor and was purchased by
Shelar Of a hardware dealer Saturday
evening. The streets in front of the
house has been den5ely packed all even
ing with an excited pOpulace all eager to
| get a glance at the CHASTITY spectacle.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
sunering Prom the Fire at LYNN

Boston, Dec. 20.-MayOr Newhall, of
Lynn, has written to the subcommittee
of the Boston committee for the relief of
Lynn sufferers in reply to a cOmmunica-
ton from that committee, as to what
Boston should do to prevent suffering in
Lynn. He quotes the report of the in
vestigating committee to the effect that
1000 people are thrown out of employ
ment, 175 families made homeless and
One-third Of the business portion of the
city destroyed. Mayor Newhall says
that this is no misstatement; that the
magnitude of the blow to the people of
Lynn is such that whatever the HUMANE
ty of the citizens of Boston shall dictate
will be satisfactory.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
COURT DIRECTORY.


CIRCUIT COURT.
Third Monday in March and Septcm-
Der,
Judge. J r. Morton.
Commonwealth Attorney, Chas. J.
Bronston.
Clerk. W. H. Miller.
Commissioner, ]. K. Burnsm.
COMMON PLEAS COURT.
First Monday in January and June /;
third Monday in October.
Judge. T. J. Scott.
Clerk, W. H. Miller.
Commissioner, ). Z. Scott.
QUARTERLY COURT.
Fourth Monday in January, April, July
and October.
COUNTY COURT,
First Monday IN every month.
COURT OF CLAIMS.
Second Monday in July.
COUNTY OFFICERS.
Judge. John c. Chenault
Clerk, Thomas Thorpe.
Attorney, J. \. Sullivan.
Sheriff, J.. ". Bales.
Tailor, J. W. Maupin.
Coroner, =. d. Miller.
Surveyor, B F. Crooke
Assessor, John Mcpherson,
Superintendent Public Schools, Mrs.
A. 7. Million
CITY COUNCIL.
Mayor. J. S. Collins
First Ward J. Brooks
r Second WaId-Sam Rice.
Thirk Ward-W. B. Smith.
Fourth Ward. w Caperton.
Clerk. ] E Gteenleaf.
Time Of meeting-First Tuesday night
IN every month.
CITY Court.
Judge, II. c. Rice.
Attorney, W S. 'MOJerlev.
Marshal. ]. ID. Fecncv.
Time OF holding cOurt-First Saturday
in every month for civil business.
City Treasurer, J. Stone Walker.
City Collector, J.. L. Baxter.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
one Fnrmcr shoots Another

BALTIMORE. Dec. PA special from
Clarksburg, W. Va, says; A terrible
murder was committed a few miles
from here. yesterday morning. The muir
derer is Barney Cauffman, and his vic
tim, Charles Schreeves, both being farm
ers, and Schreeves a wealthy man. The
latter had been warned by Cauffman not
to tresspass upon his farm, but persisted
In doing 50. Yesterday Cauffman caught
SchreeFes on his land, and shot him
dead
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

''What seems to be the matter with
your wife?" asked a physician of an old
negro who came to him for medical ad-
vice.
"Well, she seems to be all bguk up,
was the reply, ''kind O. onstrung, as it
were, en- Ise feefd she's g'vine ter come
down wild dis ailment dey calls narvous
preparation, sab; OATS what lse feerd
nf-n-Xoaitlia' Comnanion.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
Cincinnati.
WHEAT-74aTSc.

WHEAT-74@7Sc.
CORN-259 36c
WOoL-Unwashed, fine merinO, 1S619c;
1S-bloOd cOmbing, 23G24c; medium delaine
and clothing, 241125c; braid, lS02Oc; medium
combing. 24ll25c; fleece washed fine merinC
X and Xxx, 2SG2lc; medium clothing, 509
sic: deldine, 3OG3lc.
HAY-ChOiee timothy sells ct eli. 5O612.OC
per ton; prairie brings S6.OOG850; straw
S500G60O.
s. rs; fair, 81 25@3O0; common, S1.5O02.OO
stocl1ers and feeders, 2.25@3.40
HOGS-Sclected butchers and heavy ship
pings, S3.5503.571S; fair TO good packing
$3509355; common and rough packing
$3O0@345; fair to good light, S3.5093.5718
pigs, S3.2563.55.
SHEEP-S2 25@150
LAaBs-S3 25a6OO.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
Wiped Out Of Existence
An Entire Town Destroyed BY
Fire.
NOT COVERED BY INSURANCE.

Seven Hundred Inhabitants Utterly
Homeless and win Seek Other Places
to Live-Nothing But a Few buildings
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
MAYSVILLE BRANCH.

No. 4s-Ieaves Lexington l0sl5 a m. Arrives
Paris l0s45 a m. Except sunday.
No. sleeves Cincinnati $40 p. m Arrives
Falmouth 7:iO p. M. Except Sunday.
No. LEAVES Falmouth 600 a. m. Arrives
CinciHnati 80 a. IN. Except Sunday.
TRAIN NOTFS-No. s runs daily between
Lexington and Cincinnati. No runs daily
between Cincinnati and Lexington.
Nos. 2 and 6 make cOnnec' ions At Winehes-
ter for points on the n. \. & NJ. v liy.
IMPORTA NT-TrainS OF this line now ar
rive al and depart from the Central Union
Passenger Stallion. Cincinnati, making eOn-
nection for all points North, East and West
Through Tickets sold and Baggage Checked
10 any point reached by railroad.
For fun particulars address or call on any
agent of the Company, or
W. L. MUNSON, L. II. BACON,
Tray PaSs'r Agt., Trav. PaSs'r Agt-,
cincinnati, d. Lexington, Ky
& +. B. MORSE, Gent Pass. Agt., Cincinnati.
II. E. HUNTINGTON, V-Pres. Gen. Man r.
B.CARR, Agt, Richmond. Ky.
General Offices, Chamber OF Commerce Build
ing, Cincinnati. o.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
HIS BONE Found In dc Mountain.

KNoxNIILN, Tenn, Dec. 20.-The mys-
terry of the disappearance of w. J..
Longmeyer, one Of the leading citizens
of this section, has been solved by the
finding of his bones near Glen Mary, in
the Cumberland mountains. The identi-
fication was made by his purse, which
contained SIG in mo2ey. The latter fact
seems to coEroborate the theory of many
that he had become insane and wander
ed of into the mountains and died. He
had been missing over three months.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
A Mothers Assault on Her Daughter

OSHKOSH, Wis, Dec. 23.-Late Friday
night Mrs. Mary Goodwin, while intoxi-
Gated, hurled lighted lamp at her 16-
year-old daughter, striking her on the
head and inficting a bad wound. The
oil from the lamp was scattered over the
girls clothing and speedily ignited. Be
fore the flames could be extinguished the
girl was terribly burned about the face
and back, and viii probably die. Her
mother is in jail
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
EATEN BY cANNlBALs.
Four of a Vessels Crew Served Up to the
Taste of Solomon Islanders.

SAN FRANCISCO, De-. 23.-The Sydney
Herald, of Nov. 5, says that, according
to letter received from Capt Wood
house, of the trading schooner Elma
Fisher, the boat steerer, Nelson, of the
schooner Enterprise, of Sydney, and
three of the native crew of the Enter
prise were killed and eaten by the can
nibals of the Solomon Islands.
The Enterprise was trading among the
islands and the natives from Hammond
island, one of the Solomon group, in
duced Nelson and the others to go ashore
to make some purchases. Once on shore
they were knocked on the head, and it is
reporter that the bodies were then roast
ed and eaten, The letter states that her
majesty's ship ROyalist shelled the vii
lage on the islands on Capt. Hand learn
ing the particulars.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25


Surgeon Pari1e IS dangerously i'll with
bilious fever at Zanzibar.
Mitchell and Shepherds wooden factory at
Bradford, England, was burned Saturday.
Loss, $4,000.
Boot and shoe manufacturers at Bristol
have locked out 5000 operatives, on account
Of dispute Of wages.
Owing to the prevalence Of the influenza
in the ST. Cyr military college that ms THU
ton has been closed
The motion for a new trial of Mr.. William
O'Brien's libel suit against Lord Salisbury
for SANDER has been dismissed.
The American war ships, Chicago, Boston,
Atlanta and Yorktown, composing the
squadron of evolution, have arrived at
Lisbon.
President Carnot and several members of
the French ministry are suffering from at
tacks Of influenza The customary meet
ings of the cabinet have beon temporarily
suspended in consequence
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
Efects of the CaIifornIa Flood.

SACRAMENTO, Cal, Dec. Engineer
Humbert reports to the governor that
the break in the levee at Haine's ranch
can be easily repaired if the work is be-
gun at once, but delay will be hazardous.
He says the whole levee system along
the river is faulty, and suggests that Il
be reconstructed at National expense.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
Freight Train Collision.

SAXON, Mich, Dec. pa terrible
tail-end collision occurred near here last
night on tie Duluth, South Shore and
Atlantic road, in which one man was
killed and two badly injured. A freight
train had stopped on the main track,
and the rear brakeman, instead of going
out to flag, stayed in the caboOse. An
other freight came along and crashed
into the first train. kid" Ryan was in
stantly killed and Brakeman COnnOrs
who was also in the cabOose, was fatally
injured. John Chatham, engineer Of the
secOld section, was injured internally
The cars were piled to a great height
and the wreck has Just been cleared.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
EngIand's DEMAND Upon PORTUGAL.

LISBON, Dec. 21.-The Marquis of Sails
bUry's note in response to the recent
communication of Portugal has been pre-
scented to Senior Gomez. the minister of
foreign affairs. 1t calls upon the POrtu-
guese government to repudiate the &C
ton of its agents on the Zambesi river.
and demands a restoration of the status
quo as it existed before the recent ex-
petition of Mai. Serpa Pinto.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

One of the boats of the steamship
Cleddy, which was sunk in a collision
with the steamship Isle of Cyprus in the
channel Friday, has been washed
ashore at Catharine's point. The boat
contained five dead bodies. Nothing has
been heard of the other eight persons
missing from the Cleddv.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
DICK HAWEsl DESPAIR.
The Famous birmingham Murderer At
tempts Suicide.

tempts Suicide.
BRMNGHAM, Ala, Dec. 19.-Dick
Halves, the famous criminal, convicted
of the murder of his wife and two chill
dren, was caught Wednesday night pre-
pairing to commit suicide in his cell
at the county jail Halves ives convict
ed and sentenced to hang, but appealed
to the supreme court. His case was
submitted to the supreme court several
days ago, and decision is expected soon.
Wednesday Halves grew respondent and
confided to fellow-prisOners that he
would never hang on the gall0ws. After
midnight the sheriff suspected he was
planning self-destruction and searched
him. A piece Of strong Irvine was found
IN the prisoners pocket. He was placed
in solitary confinement, with a guard
over him day and night.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

ATHENS, Dec. 21.-The mixed com
mission, composed of Turks and Chris
tians, sent by Chakir Pasba, the governor
of Crete, TO RethejmO to investigate al
legged Outcages there has completed its
work. The report of the commission
confirms the previous report that several
unarmed Christians were killed by three
gendaimes.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

Bavarian Dukes Hotel in the Alpine
neutrality-suspicious. the Profits for
the Benefit of the shabby GenteeI''-A
Free Hospital for the Poor.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
DETECTIVES AFTER sILcoTT,
And Think They are Not Far from Their
Game.

Came
MONTREAL, Dec. 23.-The big rewards
offered for the capture of Silcott, the de-
faulting cashier of the house of repre-
sentatives, have induced several Mon
treal detectives to take up the case, and
one of them who is now working it,
claims to have a clew that will lead to
SilcOtts apprehension.
1t is claimed that about a week ago
Hermine Thibault, Silcott's paramour,
arrived in Montreal on a visit to a mar
RED sister, and prolonged her visit yes
terday, when she suddenly announced
that she was going to Quebec. The
sister, when questioned, admitted that
she had a visitor, but refused to give
further information.
The detectives say they are positive
that the woman in question is Silcotts
companion, and that during her stay
here she was visited by a man, who, it
is claimed, answers Slcott's description.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

NEW YORK, Dec. 23.-The mate Of the
ship Robere B. Belknap, which arrived
in New York harbor yesterday from San
Francisco, is in irons, charged with bav-
ing knocked one of the seamen over
board and causing his death. He was
turned over to the United States mar
shall of this district.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
A coWARD,s REVENGE.
He Fatally Beats the Child ola Man With
Whom He is at Enmity.

Whom He is at Enmity.
GALLATIN, Tenn, Dec. -23.-One of the
most brutal and astrocious crimes ever
committed in this county was committed
at SangtOwn, in the northern part of this
county.
James o. Perdue is an enemy of a
family called Mayes, and yesterday while
two of Mayes' children, a boy and girl,
were out from home, PerdUe saw them
and inflicted wounds upon the girl from
which she cannot possibly recover, while
the boy was treated to a severe beating.
Perdue was arrested, and will be tried
before a magistrate. The excitement
over the brutal attack runs high in the
vicinity where the deed was porpetrated,
and mob violence is expected.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
Far better Than the harsh treatment

Far better Than the harsh treatment
Of medicines which horribly grippe the
patient and destroy the coating Of the
stomach. DR.. J. H. McLean's Clills
and Fever Cure, by mild set effective
ction viii cure. Sold al 50 cents q
bottle. Warranted 27-59
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

HoGs-Light, So 5O93.7O; mixed, S3.5O@
$40; heavy, s3.55037U.
CATTLE-Extra bssves, S45065.25; steers,
So 250425; cows, bulls and mixed, 81 15@
500; stockers and feeders, S1.S59300.
SHEEP-S3. OO06OO.
LAMBs-S5 5OG6.5O per 100 lbs.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
Weather Indications.
Fair, warmer weather; sOUtherly winds.
PRICES CURRENT.
Review of the Money, Stocks and Cattle
Quotations for Dec. 81.

Money closed at 4 per cent, the lowest
rate The highest rate was 8. Currency
skies, 1l6 bid; fours coupon, ~ bid; four
and-a-halfs do, 1913 bid.
The stock market was extremely dull this
morning, only 81, 16y shares changing hands
during the two hours from the opening until
noon. Missouri Pacific, Reading, Lacka-
wanna and st. Paul were abOut the only
stocks that showed any activity. Missouri
Pacific displayed the greatest strength and
at one time recorded an advance of II TO
AK. From this it reacted to 1884. The re-
mainder of the list was strong and were up
Is to q per cent. from last nights figures at
the close. Prices were strengthened to a
considerable extent by the favorable bank
statement which showed an increase in the
reserves of S763.O 75
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
The Confederate Monument WIN sta,

BALTIMORE, Dec. 19.-The Murray
Confederate association, of Baltimore,
which erected a monument on the Get
tysburg battlefield last year, which &C
ton a Pittsburg Grand Army post de
nOunced, two or three months ago, has
received letter from John NJ Keath,
secretary of the Gettysburg Battlefield
association, assuring them that his asso-
citation had undergone no change of
opinion as to the propriety Of having
Confederate monuments on the field, and
that the Murray association shaft would
remain where it was. The Battlefield
association, he says, meant what it said
when it invited COnfederates to mark
their positions at GettvsburV
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

Doctor Ito messenger boy}-So 20
NANNY say ez what de YARDS ain done
her no good2 Wait er minnit. Con
suits book I-yil l thought so. Ask
you nanny how she spec de YARDS to
ack when de bill ain paid.-Harper's
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

OTTAWA, Ont, Dec. 20.-During her
mothers absence from home an insane
daughter of Mrs. j. Quinn, of Park Hill,
Ont, set fire to the house, burning it to
the ground. The deme tied girl saved a
trunk which she ha; packed prepara-
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
KeoIxuk Saloons All closed.

KEoKUK, Iowa. Dec. 23.-The grand
jury Friday returned indictments
against fOrty-twO violators Of prohibitory
law. All saloons in the city have closed.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

PTTTsBURG, Dec. ga large summer
resort hotel located at Alpsville, on the
Baltimore and Ohio railway, twenty
miles from this city, was totally destroy
ed By fire yesterday. Loss $4,000. The
hotel was occupied by permanent ten
ants and was owned by the Donnelly es-
tate of Pittsburg.
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
CArrLE-Unchanged

CATTLE-Unchanged
Hoes hiladelphias, s. sO@3S5; Workers,
S3.6OG3. 20: roughs, 81. 25Q3.25.
SHEEP-Unchanged
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

First Claqueur-Why do you clap and
hiss at tee same time?
Second Ditto-You see the new actress
has paid me to clap, and her rival has
paid Inc to hiss!-LIndustrieL
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
InTestigating smokeless Powder.

LONDON, Dec. 21.-COl. Gibson, of the
United States army, is in Europe under
a rowing commission from the govern
ment. He has devoted considerable at
tentiOn to German and French smokeless
powder. The latter he considers su-
periOr to the former He does not think
the German powder fit for work in the
field, as exposure to the atmosphere
greatly Injuries its effectiveness. The first
reports published about this powder de-
cribed the ultimate aim of the inventor
rather than the actual condition of the
invention
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
WHEAr-No. 2 red wint
Pfttsburg.

uary, S55<c.
CoRN-Mixed, 4S1(0431Sc
OATs-NO. ? mixed, 2S}s@29Isc; January
2S1<c
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
STORE RO0h FOR REHI

I ofIer for rent, my Store Room on
Main Street. opposite the Hotel alfH-
don. For further lniolmaiioa- can 81
j. NJ NAckLl.
&C. Hotel Glyadou Barter 7,fI
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

Dollars install
ments Of s. on Saturday Of each week to be paid 70 Dr. w
No interest will be charged on the purchase money Until after the
chase remaining unpaid BY this method parties can buy and pay for
without
Ay 10 Richmond can buy one or more Of these lots and pay for
much than selling at The city rapidly extending 10 that d.
ROiesiae
G. WHITE, E W. WGGIN STEPHEN PARRISH Richmond KY
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25
The InYalids Hope.

wHEAr-cash. size; December size
The climax. [volume] (Richmond, Madison County, Ky.) 1887-1897, 1889-12-25

BRUSSELS, Dec. 21.-The strike of Bel
gian miners has ended. The men are re-
Stunning work.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1889-11-21
PACIFIC SHORT LINE.
Its Building Necessity Let for a
Bridge Over the Missouri River.

Every citizen who has material interests
in Utah, and especially those who pin their
faith to Ogden, the junction city and great
railroad centre of the inter-mountain re
gion, will be delighted to learn the good
news that all doubts in regerd to the ability
of the Pacific Short Line people to carry
out their scheme without unnecessary
delay have been removed. Every obstacle
that could be opposed to the plans of the
syndicate for raising money was thrown
in the way: all of them have been overcome
and the last one has gone to join the others.
A letter was received here yesterday
from Chicago by a gentleman who has
large financial interests at stake in
the proposed short line of rail
road stating that the contract has been let
for building an immense combination bridge
across the Missouri river at Sioux City.
The bridge viii be nearly 1890 feet in
length, and superior to that Of the North
western. the use of which was denied to
the Pacific Short Line.
The same letter says that considerable
interest is being manifested by Chicago
and New York capitalists in the oil and
mineral lands which the new railroad will
pass through in western Wyoming, and
that the country along the upper Sweet
water and west and north of the South Pass
is being located by parties sent out in the
interest of eastern mOneyed men.
The recent arrangement entered into by
the Northwestern and Union Pacific,
whereby the St. Paul was hurt, was the
means of enlisting the sympathy and sub
stantial support of that rich and powerful
corporation for the Short Line and render
ting its building d necessity. There will be
no more unnecessary delays in the work of
construction.
Those who are familiar with the geog-
raphy, topography and physical features of
that part of Wyoming through which the
road will run, are aware that there is a
great deal Of good agricultural land and
vast deposits of coal and other minerals
and metals. Much of the land is unsur-
veyed. Some of it is heavily timbered and
tolerably well watcred, and some, and by
far the largest portion, only needs water to
render it productive in the highest degree.
George a. Croffut, the railroad guide
man, a gentleman well known in Utah, is
AT the head of big irrigation scheme, the
surveys for which have been going on for
more than year past and VIII be renewed
early in the spring. a large tract Of rich
Sagebrash land viii be reclaimed and set
tiers placed upon it. The tract will be
contiguous TO the Pacific Short Line and
within six hours ride Of Ogden when the
road is completed. White. has set in in
earnest over in that country, and but little
can be done there this winter; but the
early spring will witness an influx of home
seekers and treasure hunters, and before
next November the country will he pretty
well taken up. The settlement of this
region must eventually rebound TO the
benefit of Ogden.