Telegram-herald., 1889-10-18


mahogany, rosewood, logwo3a. ele.
Toward tie interior the l&ud rises
gently - tfoln = 600 o. $500 feet Above
tie "a, AID q These "a .ons fIuils are
grown Wit1 great success, az are also al
nas 0i cereals ln ine valleys sugar,
con es. tobacco aHd All saIts ot tIupical
pFoaucis noursh Nith bit lttlt care.
Cotton q another product. Among the
. Brazilian mineral products ale gold,
SILVER, I0n, diamonds, topSzes AID
other precious stones.
Like most South American countries,
brazi las as ycl n0 manufactures 81
consequence. lts exports CONSIST en-
tlrely OF the products ot the sol. It,
imports are nlainiy ot manufactured
goods Brazil imports most ci hes
goods from England, with fI2n1e q had
second. England and the Jmted States
sre hTazll's hest customers and buy the
most Of her products, sharing business
evenly. Brazil has a strong protective
tariff, IL having been raised again IA
lSs1, when II wSs already high. Al the
close of 1855 there were 5 PSI miles 90
railway ia operation and some s9Q
miles n C0urss of construction. Attle
fame time there were 500 miles of
telegraph lines IN operation by tho Gov
ernment, which owns the teltgapLs 10
Brazil
The constitution oi Brazil IS dated
1924. Service IN the army is Compul-
sOry, bat substitutes are allowed. II
has an army OF l8 600 men on peace
footing and navy Of tifty-nlue Vessels
ia the matter OF education, and n
general WAY. the Empire = making
healthy progress. slavery 40 longer
exists. Ia 1871 there We're 500 900
slave. hut since that time the system
has been gradually wiped out, ana ln
! 1855 bil was passed for tho immed.-
ate and unconditional manum.ss!On Of
all slaves throughout the country, aud
now there is not slave ~ Brazil.
COLOMBIA.
The Republic of Colombia gained rs
independence of spain IN 1919. and wa.
officially constituted ln the latter part
OF that year. This great territory spllt
up INTO Venezuela, Ecuador and tho
Republic OF New Granada ln 1882. The
constitution OF April }, 1895, changed
the Republic INTO confederation Of
eight states under the name Of Conicd-
Grafton Granadcna. On September 20,
1861, the convention of Bogota brought
out the confederation a. the United
States of New Granada with nine
State.
Ca May s. 1863, an improved consii-
futon was formed and the Republic
became once more Colombia The
revolution of 1850 brought out the con-
stitution of 1856, and the United States
Of Colombia became the Republic OF
Colombia" and still holds that name.
The Republic has been considerably
tardcd by revolutions and civil WAR,
but ls now progressing IN very favor
able manner. It's area is estimated 10
bo 50i.773 English square miles, Of
which $50, 156 squarc,milcs are north Of
the equator and the remainder south
AZ the last computation the population
was given at about -four millions, col
whom more than half were white OF
hall castles.
The main exports Of Colombia arc
cinchona bark, coffee, tobacco. precious
metals, hides, caoutchouc, straw hats
and dive woods. In the matter OF buy
ing Colombian goods the United States
and Great Britain are about even, bat
Colombia exports most of her goods
from Great Britain and France Bogota,
the capital, lays 1900 feet above the
sea. and has population of 100000.
1t has three or four other commercial
towns.
There are few railroads in Colombia.
less than five hundred miles being m
operation ut the time OF the last official
report. and included IN this was the
Panama line. IL has, however. between
two thousand and three thousand lines
of telegraph. Considerable attention d
paid 10 cd,cation. There is a standing
army of about three thousand men,
bat there is no navy.
At present the Republic is striving
after immigrants 70 fill her broad lands
and develop her resources.
CHILL.
10 is now seventy years since tho Re
public of Chill threw oil the spanish
yoke. and is now ono Of the most power
ilt a. well as the most progressive Of
the South American Republics. With
a coast line of $500 miles, and an aver
age breadth OF about ONE hundred
miles il ls admirably adapted 10 COM
mcrCc.
Chill is divided into twenty pro
vinccs and three territories. the agrrc-
gntc 81 which iS estimated at 298.9t0
squar, mllcs, with population an loN1.
whom tho last ccn>us was takCu, oi
q. .31l .52e. Tho populatunu ui tIli docs
not increase as fast as that ui other
states. as Il docs hut little go encourage
H.
Agriculture and mining are thc mann
pursuits of the thillRns. The RgTlcul-
Wral products include wheat maize.
hailcN and oats, beans, peas and lCutls,
aud tobacco. hemp and flax grow az
tcusNcly. Fruits also flourish. 'hh
j, uth ln mines and minerals. 10 has
uch gold mines, and in tec niule,s
north there arc great deposits 81 nitro.
iodine. horRtc ot soda and guano. I'm
the south there are iron aud coal. ln
thc center. copper and silver. There
are also some manufacture. IApft
are smelling works. arurues earu
and SAW mils. bfowercs, candle fac
torc. anal considerable domestic in
dn,th.
rU,r arc several lne, oi ye-sls
fuuuInl aut Df thp tH.lau s0ft- % tlr
tnlcd states nnd IufOpc (h.h vpt
ihp hi-t south American state to
eu-a4v n railroad ,oAsilucinn. ln
ls>> Iutl. utI. fn.A ull.f- 60 Isafasl.
partly owned hY tne state. Al ihe
stuu tmr iHDIc wfIe over Hf3 uuI.-
ut telegraph lines owned for tnr no-f
la % it thc state. iN tnr law ol l~.
the tNIau a4uA mav u.f csceed h'sa
lutu aad ty "a sn .Hf "a" 30 also Ua-
a.. meu 10 ls national guards Tie
Navy +. made ap ot taef iIpn Glade.
$50 cruisers, uiee eun,tlt-. teo gun-
lnste. uHr transport. ten tniltdp rsafs
suJ number el -utui paddie wheel
aue frreN steamers
lhe educational sysiem of Ch.h Is