Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1889-06-13
STATE BOARD or HORTICULTuRF.
Extracts from the Bulletin Recently
Issned-Pests and Remedies.


This IL without question one Of
most dangerous enemies to which
the apple tree is subjected. 1t has
secured strong hold in the larger
portion of the orchards in Western
Oregon, and il putting in an ap.
pearance east of the Cascades, but
little effort has been made to eXter-
inmate II from any of the orchards
infested. This il due to the fact
that but few know what it is and
the dangers that its presence brings
To The orchard.
The woolly aphis is II small insect
covered with white woolly sub
stance, hence its name. Its color is
II reddish brown, and when crushed
it yields red juice. They infest
the apple trees in particular, both
roots and branches. They live upon
tie sap of the bark and produce
small warts or granulations on it.
They increase with astonishing
rupidity, and the wind carries them
from one tree to another by the
light down in which they are en-
wrapped and thus they spread
quickly from one orchard to an
other. Not moment should be
lost in destroying the first one that
puts In an appearance. The follow
ing remedy Is taken from the sec
retary's report, California state
board of horticulture:
''Four pounds of rosin, three
pounds of sal soda, water to make
four and one-half gallons; dissolve
the sal soda In u few pints of water;
when thoroughly dissolved add the
rosin; heat until dissolved and add
water finally. Use one and one-half
pints of this solution to II gallon of
water Use at temperature of l00o
Fahrenheit"
BLACK SPOT OR FUNGUS.
This disease that the apple and
pear are subject to IL doing II great
deal OF damage In some portions Of
the Willamette valley. 1t is more
apparent and destructive on some
varieties than upon others. The
causes which produce this disease
are somewhat uncertain. Suffice II
that those longest in cultivation,
most productive and in confined sit
uations appear 10 be most liable To
IT, IL Is n fungus growth presenting
when examined by the microscope,
II messy, spongy character, occupy
ing the skin So rs To prevent the
development Of its tissues, and re-
suits In checking the growth at that
point, thus creating a black spot and
II detormity. When the malady
spreads, as II sometimes does, over
half or more of the apple or pear, 1t
tends tn Il deeper nature and causes
the fruit to crack open and become
rOrky and worthless. The depart !
ment of agriculture at Washington
recommended the use of the follow
sg wash 10 destroy the fungi. to lie
applied with a spray pump, Care I
'hould he observed in following the
otherwise the foliage of
he tree will bc inlured 10y burning.
Remedy Dissolve one pound of
lilphatc of copper blue Nitron in I
ne gallon ot hot water. 10 this
p'ution add liquid Ammonia, a little
"a umc, until all the copper Is pre.
ipiuaied. The liquid Is then turbid
Ud hluc IN colof. Add two or time
Hllons of water and let Il stand an 4
ettle' Then pour oti' the clear
luId, which contails suphatc OF
mmoOia the c0mpound which
Iu'es the burning of the leaves
hen y ur upon the prcciplta'e len
the vessel just enough liquid ann,
iona u l.ssolve Il; the insult Is a
lear liquid at u deep hlus co,or.
Nhen required Tor U.s. dilute 10
gallons
SAN JOSH sCAlB.
This dNadfuland most destructive
hemy NJ not only the trull, but the
rnamental and forest tnes as vel,
~ secun'd a hold ia sme ~ the :
rshar,ls of southern Oregon, aud |
is feared that IL viii be foand in ,
her parts of the stat, Nnnh In 4
airy nom parties with whom the
'ale Is found develops the fact that
'ey have hcn brought into ocgon
treos shippei nom California. As /,
'Ss n"m California hsve heen pet-