davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
THE FIRST COINED MONEY.
Very Ancient Invention, Dating Back to
the seventh Century II. c.
Max Muller in the FOrtnightly Revlev.I


Max Muller in the Fortnightly Reyiew.l
Coined money, as you know, is a very
ancient invention. There may have been
a golden age when gold was altogether
unknown and people paid with cows not
with coin. When precious metals, gold,
silver, copper, or iron first began to be
used for payment they were at first
simply weighed. Even we still speak of a
pound instead OF a sovereign. The next
step was to issue pieces of gold and silver
properly weighed, and then to mark the
exact weight and value of the
piece. This was done in Assyria
and Babylonia, where we find shek-
els or pounds of gold and silver.
The commerce of the eastern nations was
carried on for centuries by means OF these
weights of metal 1t was the Greeks
the Greeks of Phocea in Ionia-whO, in
in the seventh century B. G. first con-
ceived the idea of coming money, that Is,
OF stamping on each piece their city arms,
the pOcha or seal, thus giving the war
ranty of their state for the right weight
and value of those pieces. From PhOcaea
this art of coming spread rapidly to the
other Greek towns of Asia Minor and was
thence transplanted 10 Egina the Pele-
ponnesus, Athens, and the Greek colo
HlEc III AlilCd anu III IldANs 1AC weight
of the most ancient gold coin in all
these countries was originally the same as
that of the ancient Babylonian gold
shekel, only stamped with the arms
of each country, which thus made
itself responsible for its proper weight
And this gold shekel or pound, in spite Of
historical disturbances, has held its own
through centuries. The gold coins OF
Cresus, Darius, Philip and Alexander
have all about the same weight as the old
Babylonian gold shekel, sixty OF them 60
ing to / minta of gold; and, what Is
stranger still, our own sovereign or pound
or shekel has nearly the same weight,
sixty of them going to an old Babylonian
minta of gold. In Olden times twenty sill
yer drachmas or half shekels went to a
gold shekel, just as with us twenty silver
shillings are equivalent to a sovereign.
This ancientshilling was again subdivided
into sixty copper coins, sixty being the
favorite Babylonian figure.
Knowing, therefore, the relative mon
etary value of gold and silver shekel
or half shekel, knowing how many silver
shekels the ancient nations had to give for
one gold shekel, it was possible by merely
weighing the ancient coins to find out
whether there was then already any fixed
ratio between gold and silver. Thousands
of ancient coins have thus been tested, and
the result has been to show that the ratio
between gold and silver was fixed from
the earliest times with the most exact
accuracy. The ratio, as DR.. Brugsch has
shown, was one to twelve and half in
Egypt; it was, as proved by DIR. Brands,
one to thirteen and one-third in Babylonia,
and in all the countries which adopted the
Babylonian standard. There have been
slight fluctuations. and there are instances
OF debased coinage in ancient as we'll as in
modern times.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
How They an Quit Drinking.

A farmer once employed young man.
All too soon the farmer found that his
new hand was addicted to drinking alco-
holics.
"John," said the farmer, "I'll give We
one o. my best sheep if yell give up
drinkin' while We work for me-"
cts bargain" declared John.
A son of the farmer looked up and
asked:
"Pa, will you give me sheep, too, if 1
will not drink this season P'
"Yes," replied the father, ''you may
have sheep"
Then the little boy spoke up and said
spa, will you give me a sheep, too. if I'll
not drink ?"
Eyes, son, you shall have a sheep also. "
After q moments pause, the little boy
turned to his father and said:
'Pa, hadn't you better take a sheep,
too7"
81 dunno, dunno" the farmer replied,
doubtfully, and then suddenly concluded,
81 declar', I'll try it and see"
The old gentleman was heard afterward
to declare that he had made the best in
vestment of sheep that season that he
ever made in his life.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24

or loss. II is an item in raising poultry
for early market to push along as rapidly
as possible.
While it is possible to keep eggs some
time before setting, still better and thrift
Ter Young fowls will be Matched if eggs not
more than fifteen days old are set.
If well cared for, hen that is an extra
good setter can be made TO hatch out ten
broods without injury. A good, large hen
can care for twenty chickens nearly or
quite as well as for ten.
Hens that get into the habit OF pulling
feathers, or eating eggs, unless especially
valuable, should be marketed or made
into pot-pie as soon as possible.
When made a speciality, poultry farm
ing does not require large acreage OF
land, while with management it is pos
sible to secure regular income every
week.
The principal source of income from
peafowls is the feathers, though there are
many persons who like the taste of the
flesh sufficiently to enjoy eating them
They require long time to fully mature.
The meat of the common guinea is dark
and has something of the gamey favor
that those who prefer wild fowls to do
ulCoAII Outb IEllcus II III EOOQ
it makes an excellent table fowl.
While with many it is not so considered,
yet counting what is used for the family
table, poultry pays as large profit as any
other class of stock kept upon the farm,
There is. too, the additional advantage that
what is not marketed at price that will
pay profit can nearly always be used to
good advantage at home and will add much
TO the variety and healthfulness of the
food supply.
Turkeys and guineas rather more than
other fowls, seem to have disposition 10
hide out their nests, and it will often be
necessary to watch very closely in order
to discover their hiding-place. Guineas
rather excel any other kind of poultry in
this respect. As good a feed as can be
given TO the young poultry for a first meal
hard-boiled eggs chopped up fine. The
bane OF raising young thrifty poultry is
the feeding OF too much cornmeal, caus-
ing more or less disease and at the same
time increasing the cost.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
Answers.
4 tAu AAA1f -
27l7-Psnsy, pans, pan, pa, p.
Fnith in the Supernatural.
IN Y. Herald.1

n. L. Herald
Faith in the supernatural creates character.
The grandest conceivable qualities are its
natural product Under its tuition men and
women endure martyrdOm with smile and all
the latent magnifcence of human nature is de-
veloped. Well, admit if you please that the
super1atura is delusion and a snare, a scien-
tife sham, with no basis of fact on which to
rest. Then it follows that the most prOdigious
falsehood can make men nobler, purer, truer
and more patriotic than-and for this reason is
infinitely preferable tO-the truth. Indeed,
the truth is the most undesirable thing in the
universe, because it is the most depressing; it
slams the door in the face of hope, ehills the
heart of faith and leaves one with the gayeties
of the world-and outer darkness. On the
other hand, this beneficent falsehoOd is the
source of inspiration, the dew on the grass the
bow in the sky, the impelling force of cviliza-
ton and the supreme consolation of severed
ties
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24

reached, built on this spot because of an
absurd tradition that the wood of the
cross grew here, and going on over the top
of the bill beyond the holy city OF Jerusa-
lem suddenly comes into view.
behold Jerusalem in prospect lies.
Behold Jerusalem sauteS the eyesi
At once all tongues repeat the name.
All hail Jerusalem with loud acclaim"
Passing near the reservoir or upper pool
of Gihon ''in the Fuller's Field, we stop
our stage with its three horses abreast at
small hostelry called "Howard's hotel, !"
situated just outside the Jaffa gate. Hotels
in Jerusalem would be hardly so desig-
mated anywhere in civilization, but it
must be remembered that in most places
In Syria there are no hotels at all, and one
OF any character is a decided luxury,
therefore weary and tired with our long
continued ride we are glad to be gathered
to the sheltering bosom of mine host OF
the Howard with whom we are to abide
during our stay In the Holy City.
WILL +. ENGLISH.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
Among the Poultry.

A red comb is a good indication of health.
Use plenty of carbolic acid at the first indi-
cation of cholera.
When it can be done without too much in
convenience 1t will be best 10 provide separate
yards for the different classes of poultry.
1t is quite an item in handling poultry to
keep them gentle, and it can readily be done
If proper care is taken not TO brighten them.
1t will he found good plan TO take out the
old mater and burn il after brood is
Matched and put in a supply of fresh material
before using the nests again.
delay of a few days in getting young
chickens or ducks 10 market will often
make so much difference in the price as
largely TO determine the question Of profit
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
Storytelling Up an Editor.
ATLANTA Constitution.

The small boy is terror when he has an in.
curing mind Such boy strolled into an edi-
tors room the other day, and at once proceeded
TO down the patient man at the desk.
"Are you on the paper@ asked the boy.
eyes"
"'What do you do%
"Write for it." ..,.Ss5k
"Write all the time" 1900.
Eyes" fefSN@'
"Don't do anything else?"
"No."
gust wait for somebody else 70 do something
and then write about it?' =,
Eyes"
"Umw calculated the small boy. with look
of deep disgust, as he walked of.
The toiler at the desk did not laugh. Never
before had he felt so small and mean. He had
been made to see himself from a new and orig
inal point of view.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
Not Consulting the Congregation.

lCbicago Nail.
''That's a nice hat. How muchT
Eight dollars; worth it, too"
THAT'S my size. is it?'
81 think so. Try it on"
Eyes; that fits. Don't you make a reduO on
10 clergymenP
''No, we do not, as a rule; though If you are
q minister Pll knock off 81"
snake it s., eh?"
'Yes, to you"
The gentleman tried it on again, looked in
the mirror, and said: Think that is not too
gay for ministers"
''Oh, bless you, mol It's a nice. quiet hat"
Again the man looked in the glass carefully,
took the hat oti, looked it over, and said:
"Well, I'll take it. If the congregation don't
like it. they can 90 TO hell"
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
Household Hints.

Salad Dressing-Peel and boil large fine
potato; mash well and when cold. add the yelk
of a raw egg, a teaspOOnful of mustard and
little salt; stir well together; add two table
spoonfuls of olive oil and vinegar very slowly,
stirring constantly so that il may be very
smooth. This is nice with chopped celery or
cabbage.
Bishops Bread-Beat fourteen ounces of SUI
gar with the yelks of six eggs and the whites of
three for halt an hour. Then edd slowly eight
ounces of -four six ounces OF blanched al
mOnds cut in thin strips, SIX ounces OF raisins
and three ounces of citron cut IN fine pieces.
Pour in a well-greased pan and bake slowly.
Kedgeree-Remove all the bones from some
cold boiled fish and fake il into small pieces.
Mix with il about half the quantity OF cold
boiled rice, a couple Of hard-5Oiled eggs cut up,
and a few pieces of cold potato. Put the mix
ture in a small saucepan with lump OF butter.
a little pepper and salt, and well-beaten egg.
Stir il over the FIRE till quite hot.
Lemon or Orange Cream-Take one lemon or
two oranges. CRATE, add one cup OF sugar. half
a cupful of ice water and one cupful OF cream;
beat the whites of three EGGS and stir in. Warm
a gill of milk in which mix two tablespoOnfuls
of corn-starch; let thicken and stir in. Set on
ice. Whip quart OF cream, flavor with es-
sence of almond and pour over.
Orange Cream Sponge Cake-0ne and one
half cups of sugar, two cups OF dOur, one-half
cup cold water, yelks of five eggs and whites of
two, the rind and juice OF one orange, two tea
spoonfuls OF baking powder. Bake in layers.
Whip one cupful of thick cream TO a stid froth,
and stir gradually into il half cupful of pow
dered sugar; crate into il the yellow of one
orange rind. Spread thickly between the lay
ers of cake.
Aline Pudding-This pudding is a Scotch
one. Mix half a pound Of finely chopped figs,
a quarter pound of finely chopped suet. quar-
ter pound of -four and quarter pound Of
hrao dorm ha max n vi a.
yelks of three eggs and half pint of milk: mix
this with the other ingredients until the whole
is in a stiff paste, and favor with essence Of
lemon. Put the pudding into buttered mold
and tie il closely in a Toured cloth. Boil for
three hours; when turned out serve with ar
rowroot sauce favored with sherry and sweet
ened; little cochineal in the sauce is an i'm
provement to the color.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
So. a7e4-central peIetion..


To teach human man and woman
Nature gave heart no doubt,
Yet what being can help seeing
That the beast is best without?
Fen the negro there should he grow
HeartleSs in an evil hour,
He's a tyrant then environed
With the attributes of power.
Thoughtful childhood sees the wildwood
That would over earth expand,
II our rid had been hurled
Heartless from its makers hand.
From stupid turnkey Cupid
Filched the heart with fingers deft,
His ettTOntery left a country
OF all gratitude bereft.
Stoics shiver at his culver.
Yet admire the imp whose art
Made Ieander a commander
When the priestess stole his heart.
Thus while living gay or grieving,
In those hearts there will abide
Hopes that dwindle and rekindle
Ebbing flowing like the tide.
W. WILSON.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
No. 2721-Arithmetioal Problems.

No. 2721-ArithmetioaI Problems.
A schoolboy. Euclid was my dread.
Its sines and tlngents turned my head;
Algebra, too, / am afraid
Was not my line
In mathematics, IL was said,
That might shine.
This problem then TO me was given:
so take third of six from seven
That what remains will then be even;
Twas past my power.
You try, perhaps it may enliven
An idle hour
Another one 1 call n mind:
Take tw1 from five, leave four behind;
A sum like that was sure 10 find
A dusty shelf.
think the problem was designed
By Satans self.
The GROWING task was still TO come:
Writs down the number six and from
The same take one, and leave the sum
Remaining nine:
found the task so troublesome
/ couldn't shine.
nv UnsoU
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24

like me, who has no politics "-CRriaidn Reg
iSter.
Sunday-School Teacher Ito new pupil)-"We
are taught by the bible that when some one
smItes us on the cheek we should turn the
other 10 him. Isn't that a beautiful senti-
ment% eyes, ma'am." "Now, If an enemy
were to smite you on one cheek what would
you do@' 'Pd pound der top of his head of. -
Nebraska .Strts Journal
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
One Way to Beat the Irvine Trust.
TChicago News

One Way to Beat the Irvine Trust.
IChicago News.l
There are plenty of old, middle-aged
and young men in this country who can
tell the farmers how they may defeat the
infamous Irvine trust. These men have
been in the harvest field when there was
no self-binder within hundred miles of
them. They have passed many long,
furnace-heated days in fitting bands Of
straw around the comfortable bellies Of
handmade wheat sheaves. They are
not too old to do it again. What
has become of all the farmers and their
sons and their hired hands? What
has become of the iron-muscled giants
ton ago? Has farming advanced so far
that now it is helpless in the clutches of a
petty trust? If the sturdy wheat-raisers
object to being robbed by a pack of twine-
twisters they ought to adopt the half-for-
gotten methods of their fathers. Bring
out the cradles and the Jugs of metheglin
Call out the boys before daylight and set
them to binding sheaves in the dew. Call
in the neighbors and get a little fun out
of it if you can. The work is
hard enough, in all conscience. No,
saws the farmer, that day has gone
by. The boys have been to college and
their hands are tender. They object to
breaking their backs over a straight-laid
swath when they can do twenty times as
much work at the cost of one-twentleth
the exertion with the aid of a Gathering
machine. They declare that the world
has advanced too far TO be fed on bread
made from sheaves toilsomely bound by
hand. But is this so? If it is, inventions
have taken away much of the farmers
old-time independence while adding to
his comfort and wealth.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
KNoTTY PROBLEMS.

four readers are invited to furnish original enis-
mas, charades, riddles, REFUSES, and other "KnOtty
Problems" addressing all communications relative to
this department to E r. Chadbourn, Lewiston, Me.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
No. 2722-Preflxion.
Nv. WILSON.

FirSf'S found, capable of bounding,
Between certain limits o exist;
Completes OF immensely eonfOunding
IntermiDable, impossible TO b. fixed
&c. b. ADAMS.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
No. 2723-Square.

1. To draw by influence of q moral kind 2
Among the Italians, aSsembage of buildings
which represent agf eeable scene 10 the eve. 8.
Clasping. 4. To shed light or brightness on. s. A
Latin name. g. Harsh examiners or judges Z.
One Of the osseouS fishes. DROMIo.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1889-04-24
No. INSTRUMENTATION.

The sun frst high in the heavens, and ttro
The grass from the walk preventing dew;
Then let us roam the wales together
This bright and beautiful spring weather.
L Joy the pres mt and be gay,
Whenever there comes perfect day;
For storms will come, and clouds will lower.
And frosts viii bite each perfect flower
BITTER SWEET
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23
HOTEL ARRIVALS.

II c Pheasant, Philadelphia; D F
Copenhaver, Blue6eld; T B Lunsford,
Baltimore; Jas Slice, Baltimore; e H
Rob, Richmond; B c Bramm, Rich
mond; c w LiggoD, Lynchburg; Frank
Starry, Blue Ridge; G A Loop, Knox
vile; J R Amedon, New York; S G
Furgerson, Danville; T r Tanner,
Eagle Rock, Va; Sam Hartford, Phlla-
dslphia; D F Collins, Cincinnati; A I
Pryar, Huntington; S 0 Fisher, Balti-
more; a S Davenport, Chattanooga;
Z G Moomaw, Cleveland; ID F Hoil-
man, Cleveland; o P Cummings, Biz
mingham; S q Jennings. Buefeld; II
NJ Woods, Baltimore; B F Holiday,
Baltimore; Henry S Goodly, Pittsburg;
A D Haynes, Petersburg; R. H Strans,
Kansas City; 7 0 Hall, st Louis.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23
TO THE LADIES.

We will pay $1,000 in Gold to the
lady furnishing the best receipt for
keeping husbands at home at night.
All articles must bear the name OF
writer on back and not be over One
Half Column in length. Articles will
be published in this column, bearing any
non de plume. Contest will close Janu.
arY LIST, 1890, when three men will be
selected, who will not know name Of
contestant. to award prize. Address al
communications to Waller Pocahontas
Huff & Co., the leading low price Goa
and Lumber merchants, Roanoke, Va
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

The Roanoke Manufacturing COM
pany have an elegant lot of ash and
walnut lumber of various thickness.
Hence, they are prepared to furnish
Gne interior finish for houses on short
notice.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23
60
4 RARE BARGAIN.
Store Fixtures and n Complete Stock
OfErcsh Groceries.

OfFrcsh Groceries.
A firm, desiring to put their capital
in another enterprise, will sell i'll the
bulk at satisfactory prices and terms,
one of the most complete stock ofgroce-
ries to be found in the city. Goods all
fresh ard saleable They will rent the
store room now occupied by them. l;
is one of the very best stands in the
city and commands a large and re-
munerative trade. For particulars ,ad-
dress by letter NJ H.,
Care Daily TIMES, Roanoke, Va.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

Mems, youths and boys suits, 25
to 80 per cent. off, at Joseph COINS
closing-out sale.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

You can take your choice of 800
suits or 200 overcoats, worth from 81 to
s14 for 1895 at Joseph Cohn's, Salem
avenue Friday and Saturday, November
az and 23d. 1
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

For rent, cheap, nicely furnished
room, with good board next door. Adj
dress TX. Y. g." TIMES office.
poyl7-tf
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23
Wanted.

A thousand men to smoke Virginia
Beauty cigarettes at S cents package.
None but judges of good smoke need
apply. noy24.1w
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

Ifyou want lots in Hyde Park
call at once.
no1s TIT FRANCIS B. KEMP s. Co
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

Blounts diamond front for groceries,
low for cash. noy24.lt.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

A beautiful stock of japanese goods
have just been received by E. II.
Stewart g. Co. +
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

WANTED At once, a dry goods
salesman. Apply at Rosenbaum u
Bros, Salem avenue.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23
Avoice From the Executive Mansion.

A Voice From the Executive slansion.
MIR. A. K. HAwKEs-Dear Sir:
The pontiscopic glasses you furnished
me some time since give excellent
satisfaction. I have tested them by
use and must say they are unequaled
in clearness and brilllancy by any
that / have ever worn.
Respectfully,
JOHN B. GORDON,
Governor OF state of Georgia.
All eyes fitted and guaranteed by
Chas. Lyle & Co., Druggists. Roanoke,
Va.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

Choice country lard at Blounk dia-
m5nd fuut GROCERY noS2E.lt.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

For Rent.
Two unfurnished rooms, suitable fol
Office or for gentlemen. Apply at Ca
togni's confectionery, Salem avenue.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

James S. Simmons T. Co., real estate
agents, have placed the property OF the
Ingleside Land company OH the market
at $3.50 per lot, on terms Of S25 cash and
$40 per month. These lots are unsur-
passed for beauty Of location, and all
parties wishing a desirable site for a
home should call at once at the office OF
JAS. S. SIMMONS Il Co.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

Examine II. Silverthorn'S stock OF
diamonds. He has some beauties.
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23

For RENT.--A nicely furnished
room, suitable for gentleman. Apply
al 40l Campbell street,o at the TINES
office. noV2ltt
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23
The Rink.

The skating rink will be open 20 the
public every week (nighD except Mon
day from 7.30 to 10 so. Admission
fifteen cents Q5c.), Skates ten cents
(lOt) extra. Ladies admitted free.
nov. Loot.
The Roanoke Manufacturing com
pauy have just received car load OF
Rosendalc cement, price very low.
They also carry full stock of the fol-
lowing lines: Anchor, Virginia aud
Rockland brands. Can make prompt
shipments. Prices fairly low I
Roanoke daily times. (Roanoke, Va) 1886-1890, 1889-11-23
TOWN LOTS The 5ss s,, Lot, : of Of

FOR SALE (! Improvement
Company, of Salem, Virginia, will be
placed on sale December 18th, 1889,
at noon. Maps Dearly ready. A rare
chance for business men and investors.
IF you cannot be present write to
j. w. F. ALLEMONG, Prest,,
nov 19-2w Salem, Va.