davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

wins several victories over the republics;<sl
After desperate fighting and animatin9 y;
followers by heroic example, ho d knl1&
22-the chief support Of the royalist caus0
the west Of France.
Charette de la Coutric Is another gaflan1
soldier Of the vendee He Il In our war ~
Independence In his youth, and,, 1atsr, = 8
stanch defender Of Louis XVI, and bsnt q
avengng him after his exscution. He 3 .
guerrilla leader and keeps up the unequal CO..
test to the last. Refusing the most honofahao
terms from Gen. Hoche, he triso with OH
thirty-three men to cut his way through u
republican force. Wounded, captured, hs 70
taken to Nantes and shot at - by ordse q
court martial. Few struggles have bssn 20
determined and intrepid as those Of the Ven.
Oceans in cause almost hopeless. They have
received the compassion and reverence Of ell
people.
The death Of the king resulted in . still
worse condition for France. Paris wasin the
hands OF small number OF desperate man.
A COMMITTEES OF public sAfety was forDsd,
and its members were givsu BY The ooavea-
tion absolute power over property and life
Even the representatives oe The couvsutiou
ceased to bc secure from arrest and harm.
The execution Of the Girondists created great
excitement, wrath and horror In the prov.
iuces. But the destructives In Paris could
not be overthrown; they had the military
and civil force behind them; they were su-
premo. Tho just assassination OF Marat added
to the power of Robcspierre by enlarging hid
freedom and rendering him virtually do
tator
In Bordeaux, Lyons, Marseilles and other
large cities which had resisted tho authorities
of tho capital, massacras equal to thoes ol
Paris were perpetratcd at will. The stmos-
phere of the whole land was dark with mortal
peril; death lurked In every household Thu
decrees Of the convention were perfectly saw
age, but some of its agents were % superhu
manly cruel that they murdered on their own
account, apparently from sheer love Of cru
city. II We had not proof Of their deeds
faith In our fellows would prompt us TO dis
| credit them totally.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
IhE GlRONDlSTS.

by this time, various circumstances had
contributed 10 throw the chief power into the
hands of the radicals OF the 10 members
Of the new body, most OF them had been
elected by the clubs They represented every
phase OF democratic opinion, from the mag
unanimous republicanism Of the leaders Of the
party, later named the Gironde, to the de
structiye and rabid extremists, The Giron-
dists were so styled from the deputies OF the
department OF Gironde, considered by the
party as its leader, the most prominent OF
whom were Vergniaud Brls'ot, Condorcet
Louvet Petion, Barharoux, l.anjuinsis and
Saint -Etienne. They favored warmly the
proclamation Of the republic September,
lIg9, but srrayed themselves stoutly against
ultra revolutionists, known Us the Montag-
nards Still, they were reluctantly compelled
by the fierce assaults of the radicals TO assent
in part TO the execution Of Louis. They were
accused Of consplring against the republic,
and twenty OF them we're arrested locked
up in the Concergerie, and beheaded.
Nine. Roland, their beautiful and intrepid
insri-sT. soon followed them 20 the scsho.e-
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

courusrs wnoss privileges and pensions be
had curtailsd, and also the prime minister.
NaurepaA
Anxious to justify his measures before the
king, he demanded seat In the royal coun-
Gil, which had been withheld on account OF
his rrotestsutim. His demand was refused,
and he resigned. His succssors were such
failures that he was recalled, some years
later, amid general approval Such was the
effect upon the funds that stocks advanced 30
por cent In Q single day. But something
more than financial reform was required, and
he ives not equal to the great political emer-
rency. But ~ he was looked upon by the
people q their advocate and friend, a. the
savior Of France, his dismissal aroused their
anger to the utmost and produced . crisis.
The news hew like the wind; the commons
were on fire and rose In insurrection.
Camille Desmoulins, young enthusiast,
who had printed two republican pamphlets,
and was In the habit Of haranguing the peo-
pie, mounted table in the Palais Royal the
day after Necker's dismissal and summoned
them to defend their liberties He deded the
police with pistol in each hand, swearing be
would not be taken alive He advised them
to adopt cockade, green ribbon, and when
1t was lacking, to take leaves from the trees
In the garden. ITO armsi to armsl" he cried
with flashing eyes and streaming hair.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
THE ENEMIES OF THE KING.

At this period, and long after, the Jacobins
exercised an extraordinary influence. They
were the members Of q powerful club which
was instituted in May, 1859. On the removal
OF the constituent assembly from Versailles
to Paris, they met in the old convent OF Do
miuican Friars Of st. James, or Jacobins, IN
the Rue st. Honors. They admitted any
citizen presented by four members, and grew
rapidly in numbers, all who had political
aspirations being eager for admission. Every
political measure was discussed there before
Introduction to tho national assembly. As
the cleverest speakers took part in the de-
bates, and were anxious to win over the ma
jority, it soon became the controlling agency
Of tho Revolution.
The club grew so radical and violent that
its founders withdrew, and established the
Society Of 1889, inwhich comparative mod
Grafton prevailed. But this only rendered
the Jacobins more furious. They peryad"d
the whole country, having at one time some
l. 500 branch societies In all, the branches
acting In accordance with the headquarters
In Paris. They published a journal. in addi-
ton to their ordinary means OF correspond
ence, and thus reached the remotest corner
of the land They were the leaders in most
insurrectionary movements; they founded
the dangerous Commune de Paris, and
changed their title TO the Friends Of Liberty
and Equality.
Thenceforward they were paramount in
politics, controlling for II time the conven-
ton. The agitation against the king and tue
clamor for his execution, the upheaval that
extinguished the Girondists, the truculence
Of the lowest classes tcanaille) toward the
middle classes (bourgeoisiS, and the estab
lishment of the Terror were all due to the
nj. t,,I. 30
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

ly put to death. The newly chosen national
convention usurped Sept. 2D the place Of the
legislative assembly, and was controlled by
the Jacobins and the most reckless of tho agi-
tators. These, named the Montagnards tmoun-
taineers), from occupying the elevated seats,
greatly exceeded the Girondists. tho more
conservative element France was proclaimed
u republic Sept. %, and all the relics Of tho
old order Of things began to BIO abolished.
The French armies gained victories after
series of notifying defeats, and the Noun
taineers claimed the credit therefor, and thus
augmented their pernicious influence.
Among tho Jacobins and Mountaineers
were men whose names are inseparable from
the history Of the Revolution, and whose
career is traced in blood. Marat, Bllaud-
Varennes, Tallien, Camille, Desmoulins Col
lot d'Herbois, Chaumetto Fouquier-Tinville,
Danton, St. Just, Couthon, Hebert, Anachar-
sis Clootz IA Prussian baron), Barere, Carrier,
Robespierre, most of whom seemed to be mad
for humanity, can scarcely DO named without
associations Of horror,
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
lfI THE TOLLS.

m, - ,,.,.,, l ,i,,o,-l
The king was distracted ana Ilsliayeu,
knowing not what 10 40 OF Which way 70
turn; he hrSt eon,eihpialeu hign. oeyoha M
the frontier; pul no speeuiiy enanseu MS
mind, for "hieh he h''n uas'o tae',
He was averse 10 employing lhe iolce 10
could command haShIs noi ., ~. VI atiaS
measures Aaoptihg p1ciho hie'hou., ~
were iatai 10 thi' course' no ,ns nsns " 'no i,'
national assembly, ana the'e aIpi 80 ',a
members ior inc hIs' ,l'iio
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

of dcmagogue and CHARLOTTE CohDAr.
played it well. He gained remarkable infiu
ence over the lower orders in spite OF his
small stature and half ludicrous, half tragical
expression Of face. Two months after the
capture of the Bastls he issued his incen-
diary journal, The Friend Of the People, pro-
claiming that hundreds OF tho members OF
the national assembly ought to be beheaded,
Mirabeau first Of all. He was so violent that
he repelled most OF the radicals, and was
obliged to conceal himself to avoid arrest.
His fanaticisn grew with his success. His
journal declared the French generals and
armies incapable, and demanded the heads OF
SOC, 900 traitors.
In spite of his rawlings he was almost wor-
SHIPPED by tho Parisians. He was the prin-
cipal agent in causing the destruction OF the
Girondists, and with Danton and Robespierre
formed triumvirate which for while ruled
France by terror. As disease preyed upon
him, he appeared to grow more savage. He
was very near his end when Charlotte Cor
day, a pure and lovely woman, assassinated
him in what she thought 10 be the interest Of
her country, hoping thereby TO stop tho
siysarr ~ hi~Ns'
lie listened eagerly to her fictitious account
of the Girondists and after taking their
names said grimly, within a week they VIII
all 20 tho scaffold.n Then sho plunged the
knife into his heart. a loud cry, and he fell
back CORPSE She gloried in her deed and
went calm and fearless to the block. She
had killed one man, she said, 10 save tens OF
thousands. Her beauty and her courage
moved even the savage throng that witnessed
her execution. A young German deputy
from Mainz adam Lux pronounced her
greater than Brutus, and wrote pamphlet,
urging that a statue with such an inscription
should be erected to her memory. For this
he was beheaded, and he diedrejoicing. An
dire Chenier, the poet, who paid rapturous
tribute To her self sacrifice, and who openly
| opposed the tcrrUrists, shared her fate within
/ twelve months.
/ Notwithstanding his blOo1thirstiness Ma
rat, like Couthou St just, Fouquier Tin
/ VILE, Robespierre, and other revolutionary
/ leaders, was horribly sincere-what might be
named a moral monster by conviction. lie
remained painfully poor from first TO last
his superlatiye vanity never inducing him 10
take a franc he had not honestly earned
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
CAPTURE OF THE oDIoUs FORTRESS.


On the fateful Monday, July IA, all Paris
Is in ferment. Women are sewing cockades,
no longer green, but blue and red, and the
workngmen brandish clubs, scythe blades,
pixies, swords, pistols, Observation-Disclosures
they can lay hand upon. The streets and
roads are obstructed with cannons, carts
carriages that have been stopped in the peo-
pies name no more in the king's--and ran
sacked and broken. The frenzy is for arms
arms, arms, clamored and hunted for on
every side Heaps Of property and rubbish
of many sorts are in the Place do Greve
The regular soldiers are joining the masses
of insurgents; the bells are pealing from
every spire; confusion, uproar, violence
throughout the capital
The crowds surge toward the Bastile;
blacken around that gray, grisly fortress,
burning to level 1t to tho ground. Surren-
der is demanded of Delaunay, the venerable
governor; but the kings orders being against
It. he will not He has but eighty-two In
yalids and thirty-two Swiss against tens OF
thousands Of frantic Parisians, tortured with
the memory Of centuries OF wrong. How un-
equal the combat, though the small garrison
is within stone wallsl Far more than walls
or fortiications or a thousand cannons Is the
resolution of the people, the force OF publio
opinion. The besiegers again demand sur
render; again it is refused The cannons
pointed on the Faubourg St. Antoine, which
Is steadily pouring forth its black browed,
ferocious working men, are drawn back from
the embrasures as a concession to tho howl
ing host; but it does not mollify them. They
howl more madly, more menacingly than
ever. The chains of the first drawbrdgo
are cut; 1t falls clanking down, and is covered
with the besegers. Fire answers fire. Ono
of the garrison is slain, while a hundred and
fifty of the populace fall. This makes them
deinouiac.
A detachment of the kings troops, who hal
Joined the insurgents, come upon the scene
with four field pieces, and are welcomed with
yells of rage. Delaunay, who had been pre-
vented from blowing up the fortress, lowers
a second draw bridge, aud the people, raven
GUS for slaughter, dash upon IL and XII hiIn
and several Of his officers. Some OF the IN
yalids are hanged to lamp posts; heads are
struck off and serve as CHASTITY ornaments Tor
pixies The Reign Of Terror Is foreshadowed
on that woeful day. The famous clock or
the Bastile goes on marking time as II tho
old time had not passed and the new time,
the time Of humanity and progress and mod
ern ideas, had not already begun. The clock
strikes the hours, too, with its solemn peal,
but they are not the ordinary hours; they
are the hours Of another era and Of fate.
Late in the afternoon she fortress surren-
ders, aud all Paris is delirious with excite
ment. The whole laboring class is at white
heat with devilish glee and nameless expecta-
tions The capital is a saturnala of savage
satisfaction. Only seven prisoners are found
within the hoary pile, four of them common
forgers OF the other three, one is the Count
do Solage, who had been shut up since bis
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

many OF tneir sansuinary measures 10y tner
fear Of foreign intervention, believing that
the anti-revolutionists would combine with
external enemies 10 invade Franco. Louis
XVI had no moro chance for life with such
men than lamb has with hungry wolves.
His arraignment for trial, Dec. II, 179s.
and its inevitable result might have been
predicted from the moment the mob closed
around the Bastile. The entire French Rev.
olutiou seems to have been . national
madness that proved how infinitely more
cruel humanity may be than the fiercest Of
wild beasts.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

them to fresh ex-
cesses. They broke
into the prisons
where the priests
and other suspected
persons were con-
fined, and began
the butte heries
known as the Sep
MEMBER massacres.
As many as l,40O or
1900 Of tho unfor-
tunates in Paris
ninna Nara xvaufnu-
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
THE DOOM or LOUIS.

The trial lasted forty-cne days; was most
exciting having boen marked by tempestu-
Gus debates between the Girondists and Jaco-
bins Louis was ably defended by Dcseze,
Tronchet and Malcshcrbes; but tho substance
OF tho charge that he had completed with
the emigrants and foreign powers to over
throw the constitution and tho old order
(ancien regime), was sustained by documents
discovered In an iron safe hidden In wall OF
the Tuileries. II would have been strange IL
he had not been guilty. Under his circum-
stances guilt was virtually self defense. He
must have known for three years and a half
at least that his life was In constant danger
In Paris He turned naturally to his distant
friends, to those who alone would and could
help him, for protection. His friends, as the
constitution construed It, were necessarily
the enemies Of the republic. Who can blame
a man, surrounded by ruthless foes II he uses
deception and falsehood to escape tho meshes
into which they have taken himi Is not
craft the spontaneous consequence OF COM
pulsioui
The attitude Of most Of tho kings judges
toward him Is evident from their feelings
against his fearless advocates, who were well
aware OF tho hazard they incurred at such q
time by pleading his cause. Deseze and
Tronchet were not SO prominent as Males
herbcs; but they had great difficulty after
the trial In avoiding the guillotine; Tronchet
being compelled to remain hidden during the
Reign Of Terror. Malesherbes was renowned
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

with moustrous crime" The other Girondist
chiefs escaped from Paris and tried to effect
a counter revolution In some Of the depart
ments. They were in the end nearly all cap
tured and beheaded or took their own lives.
They were noble and heroic band.
The assembly pronounced the emigrants
guilty Of high treason and the adverse ecclesi-
astics agitators. Louis vetoed both those
measures, and thus intensified the bitter feel
ing arainst him
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
EXECUTION OF The KING.
The Head Of Louis XVI offered as q
Bloody Sacrifice.
PROGRESS OF THE UPRlsiNa--i7s'
The Fervid Patriotism Of the French-An
Paris lnAamed Against the Monarch.
The Nationsi Frenzy and its Irresistible
Force--Awfui Horrors Of the Civil Strife.
BY JUNrUs HENRI BROWNE
oopyr,sh. 1880, by American Press Association J

Copyright, 1880, by American Press Associatlon.l
v.
II seems hardly possible that any intelligent
rrenchman could have doubted at the time OF
Louis Xvrs arraignment for trial what
would be Its result. All Paris was inaafned
against him, nearly every body believing that
he was in colusion with the foreign and do.
nestle encrpies Of France. He was regarded
- the chief6f the reaction, as the accomplice
Of the emigrants and Of the heads Of the for
eign coalition against tho country-thc great
obstacle to tho institution Of tho new dispen.
satior
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
MARAT AND CORDAY.

Jean Paul Marat was Swiss, born near
Neufchatel, and educated as physician lie
went abroad, and at 30 earned his livelihood
at Edinburgh US a private tutor. He pub
lished about that time revolutionary pam.
phlet in English, "The Chains Of Slavery"
Soma years later he removed to Paris and
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

early b oy h 90 d.
Anothe er, TavsT-
nier, had spent t
thirty years there,
and, when liber-
ated, is bodily and
mentally a pitiful
wreck. The d ay
following the demo-
ltion of the build
ing begins amid the
thunder of cannon
and the chanting of
the Te Deum. The
conyulsion of the
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

,
printed g v era J
works designed td
overthrow the ac-
cepted theories of
physics. Not sue
ceeding as author,
he became a vet
erinary surgeon to
Count d 'Artois,
$ u b S equen n t y
Charles X. When
the r @ v olu ito n
opened, he under
took the character
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

cipal pleasure was In hunting and eating,
often falling asleep at table, while his young
and rather frivolous wife went in pursuit OF
liyelier company. The match was made, In
the face Of its untitness, in the interest OF the
house Of Austria. He was separated from
the commons by his weakness mental, not
moral, and from the nobility by his virtues
He was placed in conditions which far ADLER
men could not have managed, and his ex-
perieuces were so painful and pitiful that ho
claim, our compassion, II not our respect.
TleTo seems 10 have been SORT Of fate in his
career, Of which he had certain foreshadow-
Ing.
At the close OF tho celebration Of his nup-
ttals many persons IN the vast crowd were
crushed TO death in tho Place Louis XIV by
the narrowness OF the mode Of exit. The ac-
cident greatly depressed tho youthful king,
who was sinSularly humane Near where IL
happened stool twenty-three years later the
scaffold ON which he suffered 1t was then
called the Place de Ia Revolution; it Is now
the Place de la Concorde. He had from his
boyhood felt a morbid interest in the story
of Charles l. reading II continually, as il bs
had a presentiment OF his own doom. His
life was so desolate, SO full OF modification
and anguish that he might well have been
resigned to quitting It
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

nation is at its height The tide Of destiny is
setting strongly in, and it has never ebbed.
When the portentous news is announced to
Louis he exclaims with irritation: why,
that is revolt" mo, sire" is the reply, lit
Is revolution And, indeed, it was such a
revolution as history had never recorded.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
THE PERSONALITY OF FRANCE.

TIE FERSUNNCII OF FHNNCts
France Is never an abstraction with French-
men; It takes tho form Of precious, fasci-
mating personality. To them France Is serti.
mentally as well as dramatically feminine;
she Is to all OF them like an ideal, worshipful
mistress They seldom hesitate, as their re-
cent history attests, to change their form OF
government; whatever this may be, the
power and charm Of France remain, unal-
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

a thing more
than a puppet. In
truth, he seemed
like q mouse In the
power Of a gigantic
cat,- the rabble;
who, though deter
mined to kill him,
wished to play with
and torture him
first, to the salts
faction Of tn cir
savage hearts. He
>had been deprived
Of every vestige Of
authority. The as
.u.AI- hal vx,pntba
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
A s,,1oo HOUSE.

Two ModiRcations ot the Same Plan That
win Ito Interesting.
From that admirable little book, Artistic
Homes, published at Detroit BY the Amert-
can Building Plan association. are taken the
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
BEGIRT BY His FOES.
Louis XVI a Mere Puppet in the
Hands Of Others.


The Jacoblns Paramount In Politics-The
airondisss- -Nailitsfy Coalition Against
F~ses--SGaras snd Charlotte corday
King Practically Prisoner for Months.
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

ing made a fortune
by banking, and
having retired, he
accepted, at S5, the
position Of minis
ter on condition
that he should serve
without salary. He
introduced order
and economy into
his office; regained
tho confidence Of
capitalists; checked
the extrsvagancs
Of the court; di-
uinished tn e ex-
penses Of the ad-
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
By JUNrus HENRI BROWNE.
Copyright. 1850. by American Press Association

".
An unwise display Of loyal enthusiasm on
the part Of the officers Of the Versailles sol
diers produced sudden reaction in Paris A
mob marched Oct. s, 17eo, to the royal pal
ace. and after the most brutal behavior,
which Lafayette could hardly restrain, COM
PEELED Louis XVI. thee queen and their family
to return. under its guidance, to the capital
Fortunate to have escaped murder, they were
glad to be allowed to occupy the Tuileries,
which was vigilantly guarded against their
escape; Louis remaining in effect prisoner
there for months
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10

and her devoted
husband commit
ted suicide near
Rouen, where he
had been In hiding
for months In his
pocket was q paper
protesting his hon
est purpose in all
his acts and closing
with the e words:
when I had heard
OF the murder OF
my beloved wife I
would not stay in
n world so stained
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1889-08-10
1He OCCASION OF THE RISING

The OCCASION Of THt HToINu'
After the death Of Louis XIV the Bastils
lost its my ystery and historic consequence, be-
coming an ordinary prison. The eonnne-
ment there of Blaizot, Louis AVls librarian,
disclosed its infamies, and Unnamed the pop
ular heart against IT as stronghold Oh w.
ranny, a monument Of human wrongs.
The dismissal of Jacques Necker, Louis
minister Of finance, was seized upon as the
occasion of the attack on the Bastile. Hay-