davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
TEMPERINC STEEL.
How 1t Is Done And Theories Accounting
for the Process.

In the whole range of mechanical
arts, says the JeUelry ReUiew, it would
be nearly impossible to find another
process at once so simple and so COM
mon in principle, and yet so little I'M
derstood in theory, as the hardening
and tempering of steel. 1t was proba-
bly, this fact which some years ago led
the Institute of Mechanical Engineers
of England to place this subject among
those to be specially investigated by
committee of its own members, who
reported upon it in due time. To
illustrate the facts that require scienti-
fic explanation, the process of harden
ing and tempering a cold chisel, which
is usually done at one operation, may
be briefly described.
After heating the point it is dipped
in cold water and thus the tool is
hardened. After cooling the smith
lifts the steel from the water and
watches it closely, as the heat remain
ing in the body of the metal difuses
itself through the hardened portion.
As the heat spreads the color passes
from a white luster to pale yellow, to
straw color, to a brownish orange.
Then the point is dropped into the
water again, in the full confidence
that after cooling the temper will be
that desired. If the smith delayed the
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
The Editors Duties.

We apologize for mistakes made in
all former issues and say that they
were inexcusable, as all an editor has
to do is: To hunt news and clean the
rollers and set type and sweep the floor
and pen short items and fold the papers
and write the wrappers and make the
paste and mail the papers and talk to
visitors and distribute type and carry
water and saw wood and read proofs
and correct the mistakes and hunt the
shears to write editorials and dodge
the bills and dun delinquents and take
cussing from the whole force and tell
our subscribers that we need money
we say that we've no business to make
mistakes while attending to these little
matters and getting our living on
gopher-taIl soup favored with imagin-
alton, and wearing old shoes and no
collar and patch on our pants, oblig-
ed to turn smiling countenance tothe
man who tells YOU how your paper
isn't worth dollar anyhow and that
he could make better one with his
eyes shut.-Beenler (Neb.) Times
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28

brown would become drappled with
purple and would then pass success
lively into full purple, light blue, full
blue, dark blue, and each color would
give its own temper upon cooling, as
bright blue for swords and watch
springs, dark blue for saws, etc.
These are the we'll known facts, and
yet their show" and "why" has always
been equally mystery to the artist
and the scientist. although upon the
correct solution of the problem de-
Ponds so important matter as knowl-
edge of how best to reach that judicious
compromise which should blend the
maximum of hardness and toughness.
Now either can be procured at pleasure,
as the colder the bath the harder the
steel, and the slower Gas in oily the
tougher; but the extreme hardness is
produced at the strength of tenacity,
and vice versa. The committees con-
clusion was suggested by Edison's ex-
periments upon wire, which he made
public in 1879. These experiments
showed that incandescent PLATINUM
wire became covered with minute
assures, due to the expiration of the
oCCluoco gases tuS dCIlOu Oh
heat, and that when the wire was
cooled in a vacuum the assures closed.
BY succession of heatings and COOL
lngs the gases were entirely expelled
and the platinum became much harder
and denser. AS the committee sug.
gests, it may be that the first and ex,
treme heat dries out the gases occluded
at ordinary temperature. thus pro.
ducing the densenass of hard steel.
When the metal is slightly heated, as
in tempering, transcription begins, and
the characteristic colors are due to the
changes in the surface, the gradual
opening of minute assures, which are
produced by this reabsorption.
In con nection with this latest theory
may be mentioned one or two earlier
ones. One is that when steel is heated
the carbon becomes samorphous an(
the steel is soft, whileif cooled quickly
the carbon crystalizes, taking the
properties of diamond, and the stee
becomes, as it were, diamond set in
iron. This theory of Jullen's is, per
! haps, the most striking one, but, while
accounting for hardness, it does no
explain the temper of steel, to say
nothing of objections to the postulatee
liuuefaction of carbon.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
He Got EN- Mixed.

"Say," said the subordinate to the
editor of the new paper, ''the Bugte
here says our first issue gives evidence
of no more brains than sheet of fly
paper and that the wax dummy who
edits it ought to have embarked in the
fish business" 'rhe Bngle man." re-
turned the editor with some warmth,
sis a perambulating insane asylum
and hasn't brains enough to sit on a
board and watch game of baseball.
The Bugte is about the poorest apol-'
"Oh, by the way" interrupted the
subordinate, "I've got 'em mixed. 1t
is the Banner that has made the un-
complimentary remark. The BugIe
gives US good notice-says our initial
number fairly scintillates with brilliant
and original ideas and bears the inn
press of genius in every line" "Clip
the notice and run it under the head
of Praise from Sir Hubert" said the
pleased editor.-NorristoUn Herald.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
A Song.

Over the strings of my harp to-day
Floats q song that is half sigh,
Like the sound of leaves when the vino
sweeps by,
As they beat and sob
AS they beat and throb,
III hear voice in the distant roar
On that lovely stretch of sandy shore
Over the strings Of my harp to-day
Floats song for the dying year
Il song that thrills with an unsned tear
xAro' the winter twilight, cold ana gray.
As the breakers SOD,
As the breakers throb,
And hear that voice with its OLD refrain.
Tor those days that never come Dack again
over the strings of my harp to-day
Floats q song for my sweet lost youth
For o, would give in very truth
Riches and fame, and power away
To dream once more
Those bright dreams DER
1T is vain regret" signs that old refrain.
Tor the days that never can come back again
Over the strings of my harp to-day
Floats q song for the dying year,
A song that thrills with an unshed tear.
How they beat and sob!
How they beat and throb!
And hear that voice with its old refrain,
Tor the days that never come back again.
Isabel HOtchiss-
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
A Model Kitchen.

It is possible nowadays, says an
authority, by spending money lavishly,
so to build kitchen that the most
ingenious of servants cannot keep it
otherwise than clean. One need not
waste upon her unappreciative soul the
costly tiles with which one lines the
bathroom. but may substitute for
them the glazed bricks that are as
highly polished, and that will make
the floor, the chimney, the walls, if
desired, and even the ceiling, as easy
to clean as a breakfast plate. Once
built, no whitewasher and no painter
would be needed for such a room, no
smoke need cling to its walls for an
instant, and no odor of cooking would
be perceptable in it, even II it were
used for generations. And the tenn
perature of such room need not reach
the great height unavoidable with
plastered walls, which permit the
warmth of the chimney to be percepti-
BILE through their surface, and thus
of the cook would be maintained. As
for coloring, such a kitchen may be
precisely what one pleases, for the
bricks are made of all hues, and they
may be laid IN patterns or IN wide
surfaces of one tint from floor to cell
ing. Lastly, as such room would be
tireproof. sliding or swinging iron
door would so isolate it that no kero.
sene ouickened fire and no careless up.
setting of lard could bring destruction
to the room itself of which a little
water would not clear it.-Sciestitt
Curious Russian Superstition.
A curiouslv unpleasant superstition
has just been revealed at a trial in
Southern Russia, which ended in the
conviction of four peasants for the
murder of a girl IL years old. The
superstition recalls that about thieves
candles narrated in connection with
the Whitechapel murders. These
peasants, it seems, were believers in
the superstition that candles made of
human fat rendered the bearers invisi-
BILE. To obtain these articles they first
attempted to murder boy in forest
They next tried to kill an old peasant,
thirdly Russian clergyman, and be-
ing disturbed on all these occasions
they at last succeeded in numbering
Sukena Cherkaschina. With the fat
from the child's body they made can
dies, and with their help attempted to
commit a robbery. The light of the
candles betrayed their doings, and on
being arrested they confessed every
thing. The evidence in court showed
the belief in the thieves candle super
stition to be widespread IN Russia
London Letter
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
A Glimpse of Two Astors.

A day or two ago I was in belmont.
co.'s when the youngest of the Astors
entered and took his luncheon. His
solemnity and sadness of mein was
striking. He kept his eyes fixed re-
hgiously on the ground as he walked
across the cafe, selected distant and
secluded table, turned his back upon
the people and ate with an air of gen.
tie and mournful self-abnegation. He
Is the heir of a hundred or two Of
millions, and is probably the most de-
sirable parti in New York. No one
seemed to know him, and the waiter
who attended to his wants was quite
careless and Indifferent. Had he
known that it was the heir of the As
tors that he was waiting upon ha
would probably have jumped i've feet
In the air with alacrity. Before this
particular Astor had finished his
luncheon his cousin, William Waldorf
Aston. also drifted in and sat down
near the door, His face had the same
preternaturally grave and solemn look.
do not suppose that the Ex-Minister
of Italy is more than thirty-five or
thirty-six years of age, and he has
magnificent physique, but the general
effect after hasty look at his face is
that of a man who has had a stormy
life and is nearing his forty-eighth or
foriy-ninth year. He, too, was ex-
ceedingly simple in the matter of fare.
He drank cup of tea with his Lunch
con, and when he had finished he
took an old book from the pocket of
his overcoat and sat reading it for half
an hour. Then he paid his bill, got
up and drifted out. Neither of the
two Astors knew of the others pres
ence. Probably the two men together
will eventually represent 5000, 000,0 900.
I followed Mr.. Astor out of the
place, and as we stopped at the corner
to allow a car to pass, he stepped
hastily past me and made profound
bow to man across the street. The
man nodded in return. 1t was
greeting between father and son, but
it might have been the salutation of
one Ambassador to another. The
portly form of the elder Astor was
clad in black. His face was as heav-
lily scanned as that of a tragedian, and
he walked with slow and ponderous
tread. There was heavy band of
Grape on his hat. He passed mourn
full along the street and strobe slowly
up towards his house at Fifth avenue
and Thirty-third street.-PhiladelphiG
Press.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
Pine Tree Tops for Paper Pulp.

An exchange describing the discov-
erv of new use of the cotton stalk for
paper pulp recalls another new thing
in the same line. Heretofore the tops
of pine and spruce trees in the lumber
ing regions have been not only great
source of trouble to the lumbermen
but cause of untold mischief and
loss. From them, dried and lying
about in vast masses, have originated
nearly all the destructive fires in the
wooded regions. Now an intelligent
and bright-minded Yankee has discov-
cred a great use for them and has
shown that these heretofore worthless
and dangerous tree tops aud branches
can be gathered, steamed to extract
the resinous matter from them, ground
up into dry pulp and utilized in the
manufacture of paper. This discov-
cry at once makes marketable a vast
mass of hitherto waste material, and
the effect on the production of paper
in this country ought to be beneficial
both to the press and people.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
Drawing the Line.

Landlady Crying to start the con-
versation): Are you fond of the an
tique, Mr. Slim?" New boarder (sus-
piciouslv): 'Um-er-not at table.
NetU York Weeklu.
A California grower has received .
large order for apples to be shipped 70
Japan.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
No Room Left.

There is reasoning and reasoning.
A little chap residing in this city,
whose love of Bible history is INDUCED
in at all times and in all places, was re-
Gently reproved by his mother for his
lack of order. "You must get in the
habit of putting away your rubbers and
overcoat," said she, "and not leave il
for others to do"
well, mamma" replied the young
reasoner, don't you know that per-
sons head can only contain just so
much? Now, if l put rubbers and
overcoats and such things into mine,
then Moses and the Kings and the
Prophets will have to be crowded out !"
KINGSTON Freeman.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28
A Horrible Discovery.

Mrs. Westend: 81 am greatly dis
appointed in that Mrs. Newcomer. /
was in hopes they would be nice neigh
bors, but | see they are not people of
refinement; they are extremely, inex-
cusably vulgar" Miss Westend:
"Why, ma, you said only few mo-
ments ago that you had not yet seen
one of the family" No, l have not;
but | just caught glimpse of their
coachman and l was shocked, posi-
lively shocked. They-allow-him-
to-wear-a-mustac PHILADELPHIA
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1889-03-28


central position and railroad facilities.
Probably cottages will be erected, with
one or two larger buildings for general
purposes.
Illinois census returns show that out
side of the cities the population is de-
creasing. The school census of 1888
shows that in,July last there were in
the state S43, 976 males under twenty
one years of age. In 1880 there were
1866. This is a gain of $4,000, but
the gain in Cook County was 1927,
so that the loss in the rest of the state
was 2S,917.
Duluth has had a tremendous boom
during the last twelve months. Over
81, 5000 has been spent in improve
ments and 7S4 new building have been
erected at a cost of $2,SO2,000. The
, citizens ofProctor Knott's city are con-
fident that this year is going TO beat
the last. and say that there will be at
least one thousand five hundred new
buildings put up.
Says writer in the Boston Tran
script: 81 once attended course OF
lectures on the Latin language given
by Professor Everett at the Lowell in
stitute, and at each lecture | saw some
| body's Irish cook, who probably never
heard of Virgil before, and who GER
tainly did not know anything about
| him after the lectures were over. Some
one had g en- her a ticket, and she
used it conscientiously."
In the Pine Grove Mines, Esmeralda
County Nevada, there is blind boy
employed to do errands, tend cars, and
the like. He has a most remarkable
faculty of finding his way, not only
through the intricacies of the mine,
but about town. He goes to any part
of the mine for tools and never goes
astray. and on dark nights he guides
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1889-12-21
HUSBANDS MUST PROVIDE.
A General Movement to Exclude Mar
RED Women rom Public
Offices
Too Many Men Now Living OFF the
the Earnings of Their Wives in
Public Positions.
Recorder Stephens Has Put His Foot
Down, and Other Officials VIII
Follow Suit.

Captain Jack Stephens, the newly
elected Recorder of Cook County, has
adopted a good plan.
He has decided that he will have no
married women, with husbands living
ard able to support them, working in
his Office.
It is about time that this idea was
generally enforced in the civil service.
A number Of men are walking
around town to-day, looking wise and
proud, who owe their wealth and indie
pendence to the work performed by
their wives in public offices, while
they had jobs somewhere else them
selves
Clean them all out, and give poor
girls and needy widows chance
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1889-12-21

Any of the fifteen thousand sub-
scribePS or fifty thousand readers
Of THE EAGLE who know any,
facts relating to HanIsins or his
gang. are respectfully requested
10 mail the same to this office.
All communications will be treat
ed with the utmost confidence.
CIergymen aud others interest
ed i'm saving people from the
dreadful effects Of ChicagO's ruI-
ing vice are requested Ia stir mp
the citizens ON this subicct.
The Mayor aud law officers re-
fuse tO do their duty.
Gambling robbers are with
drawing siN million dollars from,
the legitimate channels al bu-i-
ness Ina Chicago every year, The
result I'LL be disaster.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1889-12-21
OBITUARY.
MRS. MARGERET MEDILL.

There died at Canton, Ohio, last
Saturday, a lady who deserved we'll of
her country She was Mrs Margaret
Medill whose large family grew up to
be useful and splendid citizens, and
some of whom spilled their blood on
the battle fields of their country for the
common good.
To the deceased Chicago is indebted
for three shining names on the pages
Of her history;
Major William H. Medill, the gal
liant soldier, who lost his life July 6,
1868, while leading his regiment, the
Eighth Illinois Cavalry, against the
Confederate lines at Williamsport,
Maryland. Major Medill was one Of
the earliest to volunteer in defense of
the Union. He greatly distinguished
himself at Gettysburg and other bat
ties, and was leading in the pursuit of
Lee when killed.
Samuel J. Medill, also a gallant
soldier, who survived the war, and who
became managing editor of the
Trib1t3e. He was a newspaper man
among a million; and last but not least,
Joseph Medill, chief editor of the
Chicago Tribune.
These were the three sons that she
gave to Chicago, and they honored her
as they honored their adopted city.
Mrs. Medill lived to the ripe old age of
81 years before being called to meet
the summons of death. This summons
came at last, more as the fruition of a
life where years have run their course
than from any special bodily ailment.
Mrs. Medill has been for many years a
widow and was the mother of six chill
dren. All have died excepting two,
Joseph Medill and an unmarried
daughter who resided with her at the
old homestead She had lived at Can
ton for great number of years, and
that place has always been regarded as
her family home.
Chicago eagle. [volume] (Chicago, Ill.) 1889-19??, 1889-12-21
THOMAS S. SEXTON.

The funeral of Thomas S. Sexton,
late City Building Inspector, and a
brother Of Col. James Sexton, post
master, who died at his home, 1892
Wabash avenue, took place last Satur-
day afternoon at | o'clock from the
South Park Avenue Methodist Episco-
pal Church The remains were taken
from the family residence to the church
by members of {. s. Grant Post, No.
80, c. A. r., Chicago Union Veterans
Club, Abraham Lincoln Post, No. |,
G. A. r., and employees in the city
building department Fully 500 vete-
rams were in line. The pall-bearers
were: B. w. Mills, NJ. V. thinner
man, James Gaffney, John NJ. Dun
ply, Henry 5. DIETRICH, Joseph Mozart
ney, c. c. ?. Holden, James McHale,
Joseph H. Dixon, A. p. Conley, A. j..
Miksch, and John Letter
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1889-08-03
A FataI .r.aunchfng nav. i

NEW YoRK, Aug. 81 Thomas Robins,
aged 12, was pushed off the pier at the
foot Of West Twenty sixth street into
the North river BY Patrick Casey, aged
IA, and was drowned. Casey was ar
rested. The FIRST Friday in August Il
known among the boys that frequent
the river front as Launching day"
For more than generation ii has been
the custom of the boys on that day TO
engage in promiscuolls ducking 0E one
another at the piers. While party Of
lads were thus launching each other
young Casey approached Robins and
asked il he could swim. Robins said
he could not, but Casey either mis-.
understood or disregarded and pushed
him into the river He sank at once
and was drowned before help could
reach him. This Is she first fatality
connected with the Launching day 20
far back as any of those familiar with
the custom can remember. 1t will
probably cause the police TO break up
the practice.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1889-08-03

WASHINGTON, Aug. Am important
meeting of the directors and stOckhold-
ers Of the Niagara Hydraulic Electric
company, was held at their Office in
Alexander, Va, for the purpose Of re-
ceiving reports and perfecting plans 10
utilize the water power at Niagara falls.
This company have secured the grant
from the Ontario government to alse the
water at the Horseshoe falls ON the
Canadian side. The Hamilton patents
its use and power are owned by this
company.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1889-08-03

An 0N&mAAwm&3@M 80 MuNKMMF - NkMk&@u -
Huason Cnnnky.
TRENTON, Aug. 5. The friends Of bal
lot reform are going 70 be both indsis-
tri0us and aggressive this fall. There i
now under consideration scheme 70 or
ganixe series of ballot reform associa-
tions, having for their purpose the agi.
tation Of the secret ballot system and
the seeking of pledges from political as-
pirants to support and advocate the pass
age of = bin In all points similar 70 that
which was defeated last winter in the
legislature.
The ball has been started rolling in
Hudson county. where tho Hudson
County Ballot Reform association has
already been organized, and q public
meeting bearing on this subject Is called
for The latter part OF next week.
Organisation Throughout she state.
The scheme. as now formulated, Is 10
organize iii every township In the state
ballot reform associations composed of
men Of all political parties, including
Prohibition and Labor men. These as
sociations win hold educational meetings
and instruct the people on the advantage
and Justice Of the Australian System.
The association will probably 60 fur
ther and demand Of all the candidates
for the assembly and senate q pledge to
vote Tor the secret ballot bill.
The Labor people are not back Of the
movement. but it is of spontaneous
growth. They are, however, delighted
with the anticipation, and promise TO he
useful allies to the association promo
ters. They have suffered defeat every
year, and last winter they were COM
pletely prostrated by the broken prom
ises Of the Democratic party.
The legislative committee Of the la
Dor congress has prepared report that
will be read at the state labor conven-
ton 10 be held this month. 1t promises
to be disagreeable reading for Senator
Adrain and the other senators who. on
the floor Of the senate. were supposed to
belittle the labor organizations that
wele urging the passage of the secret
ballot system.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1889-08-03
Hostllltaes Ia aegypt.

CAIRO, Aug. 3.-Advices from Taski
bring news of increased activity at the
front. Gen. Grenfell was recOnnOiter-
ing the Deryish camp when the Der
wishes fell upon the Egyptian cavalry in
force and killed twenty-seven Of the
number, forcing the remainder of the
detachment to withdraw. Later Lieut..
Daguilar attacked the Dervish position
in front of the village of Massfas and
drove the enemy from the field, where
they left fifteen dead behind them. De-
serters are coming into the Egyptian
camp in large numbers. They report
that the Dervish leader, Wad-el-N N iumi,
is determined to fight to the last.