davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1888-09-06
Coal in Ancient Times.

Pliny, in his natural history, describes
anthracites found in Africa as a black
schistose useful in medicine, but no men
ton is made of its inflammability. Jet
was called black amber-succinium
nigrum. When Roman traders told of
the burning of amber for fuel by the
natives on the shores of the Black sea, it
is supposed the material was a variety of
Ignite, and not amber as reported.
Coal was probably used in China as
fuel long before it was known in the
western world. About the middle of the
Thirteenth century a Venetian traveller
and writer, Marcus Paulus Venetus, gives
the following account:
Through the whole province of
Cathay, black stones are dug out of the
mountains, which being put in the fire
burn like wood, and when kindled con-
tinue to burn for a long time. = y >
If lighted in the evening they keep alive
the whole night"
The ancient Britons made use OF coal
to a certain extent. Stone hammers
have been found in coal groupings, and
the name-formerly ''cole''-is of British
origin. After the conquest the Romans
began to use it, for coal cinders have
been found in Roman walls, and Roman
coins in beds of cinders. But coal yya
not brought into general use until the
reign of Charles !, in 1625.-Henry G.
Hanks in Overland Monthly.
, 1888-09-06
Manufacture of India Paper.

India paper, which the Chinese call
lehi, is made from hemp, mulberry bark,
cotton, bamboo, rice straw, barley straw,
and from the interior membrane of silk
worm ocoons. Sometimes the whole of
The stalks of a years growth are used.
The pulp is mixed, after it has been pre-
pared, with a given proportion of vege-
table gum called hotong in China. The
paper is nodded in molds made Of fine
bamboo filament. Those sheets, sixty
feet in length, which the Chinese are said
to make, are supposed to be fabricated
by artfully joining several small sheets at
the moment of laying the paper. India
paper, being too thin to bear handling or
any strain, is mounted on vellum, which
serves as a lining to it, and the white
borders of which set it off as 1t frame
would do. The sheets are kept in a dry
place, far away from the fire, and may
be preserved for years.-San Francisco
Chronicle.
, 1888-09-06

We passed the night on the Witten-
burg, sleeping on the moss, between two
decayed logs, with balsam boughs thrust
into the ground and meeting and form
ing a canopy over us. In coming off the
mountain in the morning we ran upon a
huge porcupine, and / learned for the
first time that the tail of a ~porcupine
goes with a spring like a trap. 1t seems
to be a set lock, and you nc sooner touch
with the weight of a hair one of the
quilts han the tail leaps up in the most
surprising manner, and the laugh is not
on your side. The beast cantered along
the path in my front, and I threw my
self upon him, shielded by my roll of
blankets. He submitted quietly to the
indignity, and lay very still under my
blankets, with his broad tail pressed close
to the ground. This 1 proceeded to in
vestigate, but had not fairly made a be-
ginning when it went off like a trap, and
my hand and wrist were full of quilts.
This caused me to let up on the creature,
when it numbered away till it tumbled
down a precipice.
The quilts were quickly removed from
my hand, and we gave chase. When
we came up to him he had wedged him
self in between the rocks SO that he pre-
sented only a back bristling with quilts,
with the tail lying in ambush below. He
had chosen his position well, and seemed
to defy us. After amusing ourselves by
repeatedly springing his tail and receiv-
ing the quilts in a rotten stick, we made
a slip moose out of a spruce root, and
after much ~maneuvering got it over his
head and led him forth. In what a
peevish, injured tone the creature did
complain of our unfair tacticsl He pro-
tested and protested, and whimpered and
scolded like some infirm old man tor
mented by boys. His game after we led
him forth was to keep himself as much
as possible in the shape of a ball, but
with two sticks and the cord we finally
threw him over on his back and exposed
his quilleos and vulnerable under side,
when he fairly surrendered and seemed
to say, Now you may do with me as
you like" His great chisel like teeth,
which are quite as formidable as those of
the ~woodchuck, he does not appear to use
at all in his defense, but relies entirely
upon his quilts, and when those fail
him he is done for.-John Burroughs in
The Century.
, 1888-09-06
BUDGET.
Newsy Letter from the Leaders, Fort
Laramie Correspondent.

Special Correspondence of THE LEADER.
FORT LARAMIE, Sept. 2.-On the
morning of August 81 T. N. Culbertson
and family, en- route from Rocks county,
Kas., to Sheridan county, Wyo., were
camped near here. Walter c. Culbert,
son, II years of age, shouldered his gun
and started in quest of game for break.
fast. He finally sighted a rabbit, and
when in the act Of shooting, the gun ex-
ploded. The breech pin few back, struck
the young man or the forehead, burying
itself in the frontal bone. His cries OF
distress sooD brought relief. When
reached Culbertson had extracted the
breech pin from his forehead, and the
blood was oozing from the wound. He
was helped into camp and cared for while
a messenger was dispatched for the post
surgeon. DR.. Benham was soon at his
side, and dressed the wound. He found
seven pieces OF the skull buried in the
~cerebrum, and on removing these, small
particles of the brain would ooze out of
Ile lTdCluTeu shlu. Liz sOuuR u mas
never lost control OF his mental faculties,
and the prospects Tor recovery
are exceptionally good considering the
nature of the accident. Your correspond
ent visited the Culbertson camp Sunday
. evening and found the young man quiet
and comfortable. Mrs. Culbertson could
scarcely refrain from weeping when ex-
pressing her gratitude to DIR. Benham for
his prompt and efficient services, surgical
and otherwise, and Tor assistance rendered
by other good people. The Culbertson
family are well fixed for overland travel
ing. Have quite a herd of cattle, good
wagons and teams, and from all appear
ances are worthy people.
DIR. Benham, who has been sick for
several days, had to retire to his room this
evening.
The writer is authorized to report that
a United States military telegraph line
will be constructed from here to Bordeaux
this fall, work commencing about the
middle of October. This line will be con.
structed of iron poles and No. 9 g%alvan-
lied iron wire, Birmingham gauge, and
can be depended upon regardless of earth
Quakes, cyclones or elections.
, 1888-09-06

There are today in the United States
less than 300, 900 Indians, intending all
the partially civilized and the wild tribes.
In Central America and Mexico there are
about 8, 500, 900. In South America they
are estimated at 1000, 900. The philolo-
gists, whose works in studying and clas-
styling native languages of the New
World are of great value, have recog-
nized about 760 separate and distinct
tongues, of which 430 belong t. North
America and $50 to South America. The
languages represent as many separate
nations or tribes which once existed here.
Many of the nations are extinct, par
ticularly those which inhabited the At
lantic states of the Union, but fragments
at least of their speech nave been pre-
served by writers who were contemporary
with them. These languages were not
mere dialects of the anne tongue, but are
complete each in itself and distinct the
one from the other, all conforming to de-
mands that enable the philologists to clas-
sify them in their chronological as well as
linguistic relations. The testimony of
these languages seems to declare that the
temperate regions of North America were
the corresponding regions of the southern
continent, which once supported a dense
population and still maintains many mill
ions of the aboriginal races.
The Spanish conquerors had always
two great objects in view. One was to
secure gold, the other to propagate their
religion. They had no desire to destroy
the natives. They killed when it ap-
peared necessary in order to carry out
their objects, but otherwise their policy
was to interfere as little as possible with
with them, and having conquered, to
protect and preserve the original inhab-
itants. Civilization penetrated those
countries by slow degrees and the simple
Indians were not much exposed to its
whitening touch. AS a consequence there
are in South and Central America and
Mexico today more than 1900, 900 of
the aboriginal races. In the vast region
of the United States where there were
people who constituted tribes or nations
enough to represent several hundred Ian
guages there are today about 250, 600
only of the people who represent the an
Gent inhabitants.-New Orleans Plea
yune.
, 1888-09-06
Stocks ana cattle Markets

New YORK, Sept. 5.-The stock
market was less active to-day and while
generally strong was subjected to several
fractional setbecks which gave it a some
what unsettled appearance. Most all the
active list is materially higher and most
of the stocks which have been prominent
of late, such as Union Pacific, St. Paul,
Western Union and coal stocks and the
Northern Pacific group were all active,
but the dealings developed no special fna-
ture.
Governments dull and steady. Money
2924. Mining shares active.
Congratulated strong. Lake, $500.
Petroleum opened firm at 94s, and
after the first sales became strong and ad-
vanced to 955, when a reaction to 93B oc-
Cured. In the afternoon the market i'm
proved slightly and closed steady at 94k.
Following are closing prices of stocks:
Pacific 6's. l20; American Express.
1917; Canada Pacific. 57I; Canada
Southern, So: Central Pacific, 344; Bur
~lington, Il4t; Delaware, Lackawanna,
l44!; Denver & Rio Grande, Is; Erie,
29l; Lake Shore, 9Sk; Louisville &
Nashville, cog; Michigan Central, SCI:
Missouri Pacific, S3(; Kansas a. Texas,
l3}; New York Central, lO9; Northern
Pacific. 2S4; preferred, 62s; Northwest
ern, ll5a; Oregon Improvement, 90.
Navigation, 94}; Trauscontinental. 3S:
Pacific Mail. S7b; Reading, 54s; Rock
Island, 10 Milwaukee 4 St. Paul,
73: Tey lie, 23s; Union Pacific,
l3S Western Union, S44.
4'AtrAln Sn,F - t.tlo Do
, 1888-09-06
Food for n Locomotive.

1t will, perhaps, interest some readers
to know how much fuel a locomotive
burns. This, of course, depends upon
the quality of fuel, work done, speed and
character Of the road. On freight trains
an average consumption may be taken at
about one to one and one-half pounds of
coal consumed per car per mile. With
passenger trains, the cars of which are
heavier and the speed higher, the coal
consumption is greater. A freight train
of thirty cars, at a speed of thirty miles
per hour, would therefore burn from 900
TO 1900 pounds of coal an hour.--Scrib-
ner's.
, 1888-09-06
How Thread Is Numbered.

Everybody knows the sizes of thread.
Every seamstress knows whether she
wants No. 30 or 60 or 1870, and knows,
when she hears b number, about what
is the size of the strand referred to; but
how the NUMBER happen to be what they
are, and just what they mean not one
person in a thousand knows. And yet it
is a simple matter to explain, was the in
formation accorded to a reporter by an
employe of one of the largest spool cotton
manufactures in the United States.
When $40 yards of yarn weigh 1000
grains, a pound of cotton, the yarn is
No. 1. If $3.50 yards weigh a pound, it
will be No. 9 yarn. For No. so yarn it
would take so multiplied by $40 yards to
weigh a pound. This is the whole of the
yarn measurement. The early manu-
featured thread was three cord, and the
thread took its number from the number
of the yarn from which it was made.
No. 60 yarn made No. 60 thread, though
in point of fact the actual caliber of No.
go thread would equal No. 20 yarn, being
three 60 strands.
When the sewing machine came into
the market as the great I'M
reasoning in its work and inexorable in
Its demands for mechanical accuracy,
six cord cotton had to be made as a
smoother product. AS thread numbers
were already established, they were not
altered for the new article, and No. 60
six cord and No. go three cord are iden-
teal in size as well as in number. To
affect this the six cord has to be made Of
yarn twice as firm as that demanded by
the three cord. The No. 60 six cord
would be six strands of No. 1870 yarn.
Three cord spool cotton is the same num-
Der as the yarn it is made of. Six cord
spool cotton is made of yarn that is
double its sumber. AS simple a thing
as thread y there are 1000 different
kinds made.-New York Mail.
, 1888-09-06

well called the Magic city of the plains.
1t has wide streets, planted on each side
with shade trees. The public buildings
are of handsome structure. and many of
the costly residences are models of good
taste and elegantly furnished. Anyone
who thinks Cheyenne is the home of the
cowboy, the miner and the Indian should
would walk into some of those charming
homes and see some OF the delightful peo-
pie who can be gathered together at a re.
union"
After saying some pleasant things
about Mrs. NJ. L. Post and Mrs. Esther
Morris, the writer calls attention to the
manifold advantages enjoyed by Wyoming
women.
, 1888-09-06
\ Card From MIR. Baxter.

To the Editor OF THE CHEYENNE LEADER
CHEYENNE, Sept. 5.-Inasmuch as the
public have acquired an incorrect opinion
Of the mining controversy now pending
between the Wyoming Copper company
ct al. and Duke +. Baxter ct al, 1t would
seem to me quite proper to explain
through the columns of your paper the
true status of the case, that there may no
longer exist any prejudice or erroneous
ideas.
In the first place neither myself nor my
associates are guilty of mine jumping, as
the records will show. Again, Mr.. G.
A. Guertin and myself have been charged
with larceny of certain ores alleged to be-
long to the Wyoming Copper company;
this is not only false but it is unjust. If
the Copper company are entitled to the
ore claimed aud taken by us, their redress
should, and will have to, be by a civil ac-
ton to test the right to the property.
The Sun in its issue OF September A,
moralizes at some length on mine jump
ing, and endeavors TO convey the idea
that rascality is the necessary feature of
an act sanctioned by law and sustained by
our highest courts. Mine jumping is a
term which was adopted when the rights
OF relocating abandoned and forfeited
claims were more abused than at the pres.
ent day. and is in nowise a contemplate
act when done according to law and the
rights Of persons.
The relocation of a claim means virtu.
ally: IF you don't want this claim and
won't spend the little the law requires fol
keeping it, why, Just let me, or someone
else who is willing to do the work, have
it," and the government backs up all such
rights, as many cases will prove. This
dog in the manager" business cannot
work.
| trust street corner sessions and news
paper trials will cease, and this case be
allowed to be tried by our courts accord
ing to law. just newspaper comment is
not out of place, but anything of an ex.
aggerated nature which tends to throw a
false or preiudiced light upon the case
before triai is not fair to the parties con
cerned. DUKE f. BAXTER.
, 1888-09-06
No Scarcity of Salt.

1t is said on the best authority that
10000, 900 bushels of salt are consumed
IN this country, The average American
gets away with fifty pounds Of salt every
year. The quantity taken at a time is SO
small that a person hardly notices it, but
a years consumption of salt by one per-
son is almost a bushel. An Englishman
gets along ON twenty-five pounds q year,
and in France an ordinary man swallows
eighteen pounds between New Years
day and December. If calculations
amount anything there is no danger of a
scarcity OF the saline article, for a famous
statlstician has declared that if all the
salt in the ocean were piled together, it
would make a bulk equal to 80, 900, 900
cubic miles. He never saw all this salt.
but he says it is there, and all chat need
be done is to get it safely ashore.-Cur-
rent Literature.
, 1888-09-06

81 boys suits selling at SIS now at Hell
mans,
, 1888-09-06

Courtesy of Hyo. Archives & Hi
, 1888-09-06
GOOD WORDS FOR CHEYENNE.
what Mrs. Lille Devereaux Blake
Writes to Boston Papers.

Mrs. Lille Devereaux Blake should re-
ceive a full and complete pardon for the
infection of shadowy lectures upon the
Cheyenne public during her recent visit.
In a communication to the Boston
Woasaa's Journal she says:
From Laramie l vent to Cheyenne,
where / was overwhelmed with courtesy
and kindness. Mrs. Z. Mason Smith,
president Of the Queen Anne club. had
made arrangements for my coming, and l
met the members Of the club at a
luncheon at her home on Friday"
Mrs. Blake her tells of her lectures at
the Congregational church, and Of the
Post reception given in her honor. OF
Cheyenne itself she writes as follows
Cheyenne is a wonderful place, stand
ing on a wide plateau with the Rocky
fountains bounding the distant margin
20 one hand, and the black hills rising IL
il .ged outlines on The other. 1t has been
, 1888-09-06
The Peters CARTRIDGE Company

Has the sole control in the United States of the Peters Patents, both
as pertaining to Loading Machines and the Indentations for securing
the load in the shell. The machines are run by steam and are auto
matte throughout. The wads are of elastic wood felt, perfectly
fabricated. They are cut several sizes larger and compressed into
shell in the act Of loading. The extra size and quality of the wads
hold back and develop the full strength of the charge, and render
especial Smith or Parker" loads unnecessary. Each machine has a
regular working capacity of sixty cartridges per minute, and may
even be run at a much greater speed and do good work. Having a
steady and powerful movement, the wads are seated level, and with
proper pressure, while the charges are uniform. The lamentations
for holding the load are made at the moment of greatest compression
The superiority of this method of fastening over the ordinary crimp
has been proven by searching tests. 1t has been found to improve
pattern, increase penetration and prevent fouling of shell chamber
and leading of shoulder. The recoil is greatly diminished. Indeed,
the method of fastening and the whole work of the machine produces
the very perfection of Shotgun Ammunition. The most f,attering
testimonials are coming in from all parts of the country. Amateur
and Professional sporsmen are alike delighted. For sale by
DRAPER, Il CO.
, 1888-09-06
Discoveries More Valuable Than Gold

Are Santa Able, the California discovery
for Consumption and diseases of the
Throat, Chest, and Lungs. and Caliior-
mia Cat-R Cure, the only guaranteed cure
TOR Catarrh, Cold in the Head and kin
dred complaints. They are sold at 81
per package, or three for 81 so, and are
recommended and used by the leading
physicians of the Pacific coast. Not
secret compounds. Guaranteed by DR..
w. n. Hunt.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1888-10-11
REFUSED HIS SALARY.
a Governor of idaho Who Wouldn't Take
Money He Hadn't Earned.

a Governor of idaho Who Wouldn't Take
Money He Hadn't Earned.
Another distinguished son of Keokuk
Is Mr.. Irwin, who was guilty of an ACT
not many years ago which, if he had
been tried for it by jury of office
holders, would have consigned him to
lunatic asylum for the rest of his life.
He awakened an unspeakable horror
throughout the entire land. It occurred
In this way: President Arthur ap-
pointed him Governor of Idaho. He
went out there and took the oath OF
office and remained awhile. Then bust
ness matters called him home and de-
tanned him there for several months.
He found it inconyenient to go back to
Idaho, and finally resigned his office.
But that was not the worst of it. The
horrible part of the story remains to
be told. When the checks for the sal
airy were sent him by United States
Treasurer Wyman he returned them
to Washington with note explain
ing that he had been absent from his
post and had not performed the duties
OF his Office, and he could not con-
scientiously accept any pay. The
officers of the Treasury stood aghast
at such audacity. There was no pre-
cedent for the act and they did not
know what to do. They returned the
checks to Mr.. Irwin, saying that in
the opinion of the accounting officers he
was entitled to the salary of his posi-
ton until his resignation was accepted.
But he was saexorable. He declined to
accept the money-which amounted to
$4,000 or more-and asked that it be
turned into the Treasury or used to-
ward the payment of the public debt.
Treasurer Wyman did not know what
to do with it, so he put it in the con-
science fund. This called out a pro-
test from Governor Irwin, who declined
to be classed with repentant thieves
and conscience-stricken swindlers, and
he suggested that new fund be started
to meet such cases as his own-of con-
tributions from officials who felt that
they were not entitled to their salaries.
But the Treasury officials smiled at the
RIGHTEOUSNESS of the Governor of
Idaho, who seemed to think that his
example might be imitated-and they
were right. 1t never has been.
/ asked Mr.. Irwin about this little
affair to-day, and he laid the entire
blame upon his mother. He said she was
with him when he received the checks
for his salary, and she said: John, It
is not honest for you to keep that
money, for you have done nothing to
earn it. And he saw that she was
right. 1t was the old story. A woman
tempted him and he fell. The checks
were sent back by the next mail
w. e. Curtis, In Ciica0o News.
The Bossier banner. [volume] (Bellevue, Bossier Parish, La.) 1859-1952, 1888-10-11
HERE AND THERE.

Middle Tennessee has shipped u
season to the North $3.50, 600 WORT 4
Irish potatoes.
Corn is the most profitable cwz
crop grown, as the value Of the iaa's
is sometimes more than equal 70 %
of the grain.
The youngest cowboy is said e = |
Logan Mulhall, of the Cheyenas y
ton, who is six years old Heess!
more than hundred cattle, hal y
own land, hires his own help, etc
Bees will find but little to worn z
at this season, but they may Be ssses
ed If a crop of buckwheat has peg
sown. Any attempt to supply theeesI
with sugar or other material ElA 2
suit in an inferior grade Of honey
The man who expects TO fsls
S. 900 colt from an almost woFihls
mare will find it uphill work, 90 pe
ter how well her breeding looks on 4
per. Individual merit is one q =
chief elements of success. Hofsf'sss
1t is surprising how many insee
a flock of turkeys or guineas W. Z
stroy in day. II given q large Fs'' II
they will be industriously At wcrs
the time, and will need no feedine q
the barnyard at this season q
year.
Hens like to roost high. =
roosts should, therefore, be all On y
same level to prevent crowdlng
least one foot of space on the IS.
should be allowed for each iull'ggs.
fowl, and the roosts should be elgnxs'
inches apart.
One of the latest phenolaen !
Kentucky is a FLY that will nos Y s =
years old until fall, sired y
Wilkes. out of the dam OF Elle''. !.
Wilkes. Although scarcely 0roSss
harness she recently paced pay
1:19, and can show 2:30 gate
1t seems next to impossible . J. y
the Indian and teach him elyb's
methods, but we are in a fair W
extinguish the gamey odor Of Hne s.
boy, judging by the way he y - i
to haymaking on the plains duFns
summer. .s
Ali surplus fruit should g 4 's
or evaporated. It is a waste 2. II
and fertility to allow fruit 70 ~ s. 8
rot. 1t is expensive feeding ieE + !.
considering the value OF the isE 81
cupied by trees, and, unless ~ .iI
grown can be sold or applied e 's .s,s
use, it will pay to cut down tas s II.
and devote the land to sons IS
crop.