The Republican journal. [volume] (Belfast, Me.) 1829-current, 1888-01-05

| or Roman people the aid Of Pepin was asked.
He came and rescued this part of the territory
| from the Lombards and bestowed it on the
| popes. This was an important event, as If was
the beginning of the temporal power of the
Pope. When Charlemagnc conquered Italy
ne confirmed the grant of his father Pepin.
Ihe weakness of the new nations rising on the
ruins of the Empire of Charemaync was fa-
vorable to the growth of the Papa power
When the Sovereign of Germany became
| Emperor of the West in the 10Th ccnturya new
| impulse was given to the Papal power. The
ropes became The centre around which all anti
German sentiment clustered. The Emperor
claimed that the election of the Pope should be
ratified by him, but Gregory VII. determined
to prove himself no vassal to the Emperor.
lie accordingly caused Il decree to be ordained,
which the Emperor Henry ". set at defiance.
whereupon the Pope eXcommunicated the En-
peror. The Emperor was enraged and pre-
pared for war. but he found that monks and
friars preached against him in every part of
his empire ard instructions arose on every
band. Thus the most powerful Sovereign OF
Europe was compelled to seek the pardon of
and Gregory died in exile at Saierno. The sue
cessorS of Gregory adhered to his policy, many
of the Kings of Europe became vassaIs to the
Roman pontitfS. and the German Emperor
Henry " signed treaty at Worms CA. p.
ll22l re>igning all claim to the right of nvesti-
| ture. Innocence III. increased tie Papai DOW
er and claimed to be Sovereign of Europe As
tn hny bo !,
| ity says thatthe PopeS succeeded IL overthrow
| ing the power of the Emperor> but they them
selves Lad TO yield in the end to the power Of
other temporal princes.
| The CruSades form an important epoch in
the history of the world. from tie fact that n
| great number Of those energetic and warlike
Teutons who had formed the new nations
Of Western Europe We're brought in contact
with the various nations of the East. An i'm
pulse was given to learning. Broader national
views We're entertained and the world began to
emerge from the Dark Ages The cruelty
Of the Turks to the Christians visiting Pal
estnc aroused the indignation of Europe,
and Peter the Hermit was the first to pro-
claim it the duty of the Christian world to
medan rule. The Pope and lnany powerful
cheftain> e>pou>ng his cause. Aug 10, 1896.
was appointed for the departure of the Cru
>aders. Long before the time set 80 900
chiefly Of the lower class accompanied bv Peter
the Hermit, set cut on their ,rrou~ journey
But being without organization or provisions,
very few reached their destination. When the
,iI.,l l,t 1.;
and organized into six companies, reached Asia
Minor, this host Of G,o00,0 ,090 men was joined by
Peter the Hermit, and the remains Of his
wrctchcd company. The first Formidable re-
Si>taEce was met at Dory acum, but the Asiatc
sultan was ovcrthrown with loss of 80 600
, men. The Crusaders lost heavily from want
ana fatigue on the march. as well as during the
seven months ,i"@" Of Antioch. but the city
was finally captured, June. 1GoS. They had
no sooner entered the captured city than they
We're i'll turn be>ic-od and suffered still more
| horrible famine. After suffering untold hard
ships they oycrlhrew the hcsicger> and started
for !crli>acm Though til. il number had been
reduced nearly nEc-tcntls. in the sight Of the
Holy City every hardship was forgotten and the
air rcsoinded with the joyful cXrlamation> of
the host. Jerusalem WAS now in possession of
Sararenir c;,liph of l1g!pt, He being deter
mined To make stout resistance. a siege was
undertaken which lasted for five weeks Not
withstantling the burning. heat md scarcity Of
water. the Crusaders succeeded, and once IN
the Holy city, they elected Godfrey of BouiI-
Ion as their King and founded The Latin King
dom of Jerusalem. which lasted from Jul, %.
1893 until lis overthrow by sala,lin in 49,.
In 11i3 one of the Turkish cmir> Iaughtcred
the Christian inhabitants pt Ednssa. This so
alarmed the people of Palestine that they ap-
pca!ed to Europe for assistance. This appeal
caused St. Bernard to preach new crusade
Though two of the most powerful soyercigns
Of Europe We're enlisted in the cause the
armies suffered 80 much from fatigue aid want,
and the trcachery Of the Emperor of the East.
that they were Unable to undertake but one
siege, which proved Il failure. The capture of
Jerusalem aroused a third crusade. This prom
iSed . brilliant success hy the union of England,
France and Germany. But the Germans los
ing their leader, and the French king abandon
ing the enterprise after the first brilliant victory
been entertained Of recovering tile Holy SepuI-
cher. Richard |. of England made a truce with
SAudn Waich was favorable to the Christians
Several crusades followed but their only impor-
tant result was the information gathered in
their journeys to distant countries.
The trl>ttic> were powerful Stmuant to
commerce. navigation and manufactures, as
we'll as in the acquisition and diffusion of gem
cral knowledge. Il was during the Eth cen
tury that the Teutonc settlers of western
Europe began TO build cities anA to establish
Universities. thimneys and wndow-gla>S dill
not come into Use until the li;h century Banks
OF deposit We're established at the beginning of
the 18th century. The various modern Ian
gllagi> We're developed during the bark Ages
and polished lrring the revival of learning
which followed the CrusadeS. The 10Th CEN
tury is full Of interest to every citizen Of our
land for it was during that century that the
compass was applied to practical purposes in
guiding the ship across the mighty ocean,
America was discovered. Gunpowder was dis
covered for the defence of nations. but above
ALL the day is daWning when nations shall Use
it for defence instead of conquest And a
civilization is dawning which we hope and
trust is purer and more lasting than that of the
Anclent>. GEO. NJ. COLE.
Monango, Oak. Dec. ,. 1887.
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