davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
The Flannel Shirt in the seua

The United States Senate has
furnished several recruits for the
flannel shirt hriLnie. Senator Platt
has been wearing IN ordinary blue
and white fine striped flannel shirt
He always wears 1t or its mate when
he goes fishing. and had the courage
recently when the willing days began
tn wear II in the Senate His APP
pearance caused "A thrill IN the Sen
ate. bnt he looked so eUrrcmel
honI and comfortable that he made
cor verts of Senators Beck and Black
ffurn. who now usually loll around in
camel shirts But the sensation
ane when the good Senator Ed
munds. the autocrst IF the Senate
and the greatest stickler for senatorl-
al dignity, walked modestly into the
room this morning with a flannel
shirt. He appeared a little hesifat'
ing about IT, as though he realized
the breach OF dignity he COMMITTEE
in appearing in the sacred Senate
4. Chamber without "A boiled shirt. hu
everybody forgave him, and man!
more viii initiate him. But tianne
shirt in the United States Senate :
Washington Cor Baltimore Amerl
can.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

cents, in England can be got here for
about tie same price, or at most 25
cents. On the other hand, kitchen
utensils as a whole are cheaper in this
country than in England, our
ingenuity in making such articles be-
ing greater than it is in England.
4 cheap cotton towel in this tax
ridden land, quality for quality, costs
less here than in England.
All knit goods are cheaper here
than in England, especially jerseys
such as women wear. SO are the
commoner grades Of stockings and
socks
American farming implements Of
all kinds are exported and sold in
competition with English They are
better, more ingeniously made, more
durable and cheaper than the farm
ing implements of any country in the
world.
American cutlery is imported by
and sold in England. Does not this
prove that the price is not higher
than English cutlery Pottery anc
window glass cost one third what
they did when we depended on Eng
land to manufacture these articles
for us. The difference in the price
to day is not the duty.
Sugar Is a Democratic industry
and rice taxed" 1O2 per cent j
carefully ignored. The Republican
repealed half the internal tax ol
tobacco in 1888, and would hav
repealed the balance last season onl
Speaker Carlisle refused to recegniz
Judge Kelly for this purpose. Wha
folly, therefore, to talk about 10
per cent, on chewing tobacco. Il
Free Trade England the workman
pays 1000 per cent. on his tobacco.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Whittier Has he Gone /?

Sir. John Coder, Of Union town
ship, this county, who for "A year or
more was employed as q clerk in q.
W. SandersOn's 5 srore, this city, and
later as driver Of the Adams express
wagon, has proven himself an arrant
scamp.
For about a year he had been pay
ing his addresses to Miss Ellie
Woods, an estimable young lady of
this city. and had named Tuesday
evening as the time when he would
lead her to the altar and make her
his wife. On the evening named a
goodly number of wedding guests
assembled at the home of the bride
to witness the ceremony, but they
were doomed to disappointment.
After waiting u considerable time for
the arrival of the groom and the
minister, one of the guests conclud-
ed to see the minister and ascertain
the cause of delay Imagine his sur
prise when he learned that the min
lister had not been invited to perform
. the ceremony. Further investigation
revealed the fact that Coder had not
taken out marriage license, and
that on Monday night he had
clandestinely skipped for parts un
known. The guests were informed
of the situation of affairs and return
ed to their homes. Rumor has it
that Coder is also engaged to a
worthy young lady residing in
/ Warriorsmark and that she is now
engaged in the preparation of her
wedding trousseau. At present the
whereabouts of the gay and festive
John are a mystery.-Huntingdon
Journal.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
The Republican Greed.

We believe in free ballot.
We believe in protection for pro
tections sake, and we are not asham-
ed of it.
We believe in the direct protection
of American labor against cheap
foreign labor.
We believe in railroad regulation
We believe in good homestead
titles for citizens.
We believe in home rule for big
and intelligent Territories
We believe in double monetary
standard.
We believe in a big merchant
marine and in American ship yards.
/ We believe in a good navy and
good coast defences-
We believe in making other nations
respect our rights and pay for al
they get from us
We believe in protecting American
citizens against foreign interference
in any part of the world"
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

Our contemporary the Democrat
and Register effects to disbeheve in
the bloody shirt where in point Of fact,
the writer's for that paper, if they
know the difference between swearing
and praying. know, that scores of men
10 day have bloody shirts and bloody
scars on their backs in Arkansas
where they were intimidated 10y the
whip from voting at the recent cleo
ton. The flourish of a pen does not
anuihilate the fact that the whip,
punishment, intimidation, ballot box
roLbing and so forth carried the
state of Arkansas for the democracy
at the recent election, and the process
of opperatiou in Arkansas WAS but
the opening of the campaign to
soidify the south for Cleveland and
Thurman. Crittenden county, Ar
kansas was carried by the democray
by the most outrageous violence
All prominent negroes had notices
served on them not to appear at the
polls to vote, n number were banisheC
from the county, and over two dozer
were taken from their homes to the
woods tied up and whipped,-hov
does that suit the Democrat anC
Register for a bloody shirt-Wher
il was known that Pulaski county
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Warships,

Everything is hustle and activity
at Cramps ship yard. The Balti
more Is rapidly approaching readi-
ness for launching, and will probably
glide into the river next FRIDAY.
She is only waiting now for her rud-
der and the article sections of her
shafts. Her hull outside is quite
complete, and yesterday the work
men were busy finishing bulkheads
and riveting partitions.
Almost the whole of the keel of
the Newark, or cruiser No. l of the
government specifications, is now iu
position, and her frames and plates
are in great part ready to be put in
place The Philadelphia, alongside
of the Newark, has all her lower
frames in position, and is receiving
her plates and the covering of her
safety deck as fast as the workmen
can rivet them on Her upper
frames were being placed in position
yesterday, and 1t will not be long be-
fore she Will resemble her twin sister.
| the Baltimore.
The Yorktown has returned to the
yard from the dry-dock. She is now
having her interior fittings put in.
Her masts We're stepped yesterday,
and the rigging was begun The
filters adjusted the wedges where
the masts pierced the several decks
and the vessel now looks as trim as il
she had been at sea for year
The dynamite cruiser Vesuvius
which hes alongside the dock. is be-
ing finished on deck and below
Little remains to do now but to com
plete the apparatus for firing tht
pneumatic guns The engines wer,
tested yesterday by continuous run
of three hours. The vessel was fas
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
It is the Old Rebel Yell.

AT the Confederate reunion at
GreenviIIe, s. c., General Pierce NJ
b. Young said:
people may make you believe that
there Is n new South, but such is not
the case. There may be a new ship,
but the old captain is on the quarter
deck and the old pilot at the helm
You may talk about your new South
but who Is now the Governor CT the
Old Dominion. but the splended
Fitzhurh Lee2 Who Is the Cover
nor of Georgia. but the gallant the
devoted Gordon And who Is the
Governor of Missouri. but the brave
lTarmaduke All of them are the
comrades Of the old South In com
mercc. too. we find the ex Confeder-
ates az the head. Green, Alexander
and Logan being railroad magnates-
and in other commercial industries
we find veterans in the lead In the
Senate. among others, we find the
gallant and magnificent Hampton,
the chivalrous, glorious and excellent
Butler. In the House We have fifty
seven rebel soldiers, and Confeder-
ate soldiers are now at the helm IN
the State affairs and managing the
affairs for the glory and perpetulty
Of Union. See what we accomplish
by the united help Of only three
Northern States. We have elected
the first Democratic President IN a
quarter Of q century
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Of Special Interest to Farmers.

I have been called upon, says the
tariff writer. Robert p. Porter, no
fewer than dozen times to reply to
that tedious chestnut about the farm
er being taxed % per cent on his
flannel shirt, 81 per cent on his coat,
etc. Incredible rs it may seem to
intelligent people, the Democratic
National Committee Is insulting the
intelligence of the farmers of this
State by circulating this exploded
relic of Free Trade argument:
Under this tariff the farmer ris es
in the morning, puts on his flannel
shirt taxed ut 90 per cent. his coat
taxed 10 per cent. shoes 30 per
cent, and hat taxed % per cent !:
cakes the water from bucket taxed
80 per cent, and then washes his
face and hands in a tin bowl taxed 80
per cent. dries them on a cheap
cotton towel taxed 45 per cent
He sits down on his humble meal
and eats from a plate taxed 30 per
cent, with a knife and fork taxed 30
per cent; drinks his coffeee with
sugar taxed IS per cent. seasons his
food with salt taxed 60 per cent, ;
pepper taxed 81 per cent.
/ He looks around on his wife and
children. all taxed in the same way
takes a chew OF tobacco taxed 1919 pei
cent, or lights a cigar taxed lis pei
cent. And, sir. even the sunlight from
heaven that pours into his humble {
dwelling must come through window
glass taxed 80 per cent, and yet ht
thinks he lives in the freest govern
ment under heaven.
The object of this shallow circular
is to make the farmer believe th'
free trade theory enunciated bl
Grover Cleveland that the price o
the domestic product is increased b.
exactly the amount of duty.
3 Here Is the practical outcome o
the concentrated wisdom of tn
t National Committee. A common
l. flannel shirt costs in England 3s. Cd
< or 81 cents. The cost here woul
e therefore be nearly double, or Sl6S
The actual price is 81
5 \ common suit of clothes costs i
I England 3Os., or $3.50. The cos
o here. therefore, would be Sl2 D
4 The actual cost is $50, same as
: England. An all wool so suit a
v that exhibited by Major Mckinle
E. costs Just -, or SO, in London
s In England common boots cost
e 6s. (SI.5O) and fair ones los (2-5O
d Instead of costing One-third MOI
n here the prices is SIPS for we'll mad
e brogans and 81. so for fair boots.
W A 3s. Cd Isl cents hat in Englan
d can be had here for 81, and it do'
u not cost nearly -, as asserted
y \ tin bowel costing l0d., or
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

had given 1000 Republican majority
the County Clerks Office was broken
into and nine Republican boxes we're
stolen II Union county and in other
counties the list of which Is to long
TO here enumerate men were whip
ped and banished for political effect
The Democrat and Register out of
respect for its readers might once IL
while give a hint of the bloody shirt
news of its party south.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Still a Few Buffalo in Dakota.
Sept. Is, lsss.

FARGo, Dak: Sept PA big buff
falo bull was killed three miles from
Oakes, in central Dakota, yesterday.
1t was alone and was supposed to
have wandered from the usual feed
ing grounds, though three or four
buffalo have for several years been
reported As In the foot hills between
the James and Missouri river, III the
counties of Logan and Emerson,
which are sparsely settled.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Republican Co. Committee.

There will be a meeting of the Repuhll-
can County Committee at the Jacobs House,
Mifnirtown at ! O'Clock p. NJ, sharp, on
Saturday, September 29th. 1888.
Do not miss this meeting as there will be
important business 10 transact, which will
be OF personal interest 10 every committee
man.
In the afternoon of said day there will he
a parade OF the Junisti Division Of the Re
publican State League
Let every Committeeman come, and bring
his friends along to see the parade
A. 3. EVANS,
Chairman
Sept. Is, lSsS.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

to the deck, and a speed of two hum
dred and twenty revolutions per
minute of the two screws was kept
up without a break for that time
To develop her speed of twenty three
miles az our two hundred and sixty
revolutions are necessary. Then ths
engines suddenly stopped and 1t was
found that the after bearings were in
two places out of true by a hairs
breadth. This has been remedied
and there will be another still trial
IN a few Philadelphia Times
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Life Of Ben Harrison.
BY THE AUTHOR OF BEN. HUR.

1t gives us genuine pleasure to annouu ce
to our readers the publication of the charm
ing life story of Gen. Harrison, by an author
of world wide fame and TO say that the book
is worthy of that fame.
Gen. H4rrisOn has truly illustrative an
cestry, but that fades into insignificance
before the graph ic story of his own life as
herein pictured by his old friend Gen. Lew
Wallace.
1t is remarkable that together these men
have risen from the quiet walks of life to
their present eminence.
Gen. Wallace in the preparation of this
fascinating biography, has had in addition
to his wonderful descriptive powers not
only the advantage of an intimate personal
acquaintance with Gen. Harrison, but ex-
perience as soldier, and an extensive
knowledge of both national and interns-
tional affairs. He is therefore qualified to
tell the thrilling life story much as an eye
witness and participant and to inteIlIgently
discuss the great national issues now agita-
ting the whole country, and TO declare with
authority G en-. Harrison's views concerning
them
Every loyal citizen anxious for the con-
tinued prosperity of our county should
read this Biography before November 4th.
and every ambitious boy should read this
| splendid illustration of the true road Ia
fame
The work is issued by the well known
house OF Hubbard Bros, of Philadelphia,
Chicago, and Kansas City, and is beautifully
illustrated. We are not surprised to hea,
it is having a wonderfully rapid sale through
agents.
Here is fine chance for energetic young
men to make money, as every family in the
land should be afforded a chance to procure
this remarkably interesting and important
work aud that right speedily.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

Mn. THURNAN, democratic candj-
date for Vice President. who was
started out on a speech making tour
has returned to his home in Ohio,
completely broken down.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

PuF-rprNr CLEVELAND has nominal
od Charles + Boyle of Pennsylvania
to be chief Justice Of the Supreme
Court of Washington Territory.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

TIE copious raius that prevailed
as far north rs New York 10 days
ago was but the edge of great
storm, the center Of which was in
Cuba, where several million dollars
of property was destroyed, and 500
lives were lost.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

NO Mans Land, on the north of
Texas seems to be the nesting place
for horse thieves who DEFY all
authority.-The authority of the
United States Court if extended to
that land, would afford an opportunity
TO send United States officials among
the thieves and break up their haunts.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Notice TO Trespassers.

Having leased 400 acres Of wood land
of David Wilson, and 400 acres of wood
land Of John Mcclure, adjoining lands OF
Pennsylvania Railroad Company in the
vicinity OF Boxler's Gap. / hereby caution
all persons against trespassing on the above
mentioned leased lands for the purpose of
cutting timber and so forth.
JOHN BEAsHoR.
MffiintowD, May 20, 1888.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
PHILIP HARLEY

H,Eu1Er BFECEE STowE, one Of
Americas prominent women IS IN "A
dying condition.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

TuTE and one half years of Demo
cratic expenditures. and what has It
cost NInety-tlve million dollars
more than the preceding admiuIstra
ton.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

~ Cuc,Go publication accuses the
Republican party of trucking to
deceucy. No one has ever accused
the Democratic party of such a crime
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
SALESM r \ " A \ I E D
TO SELL NURSERY STOCK.

Profitable employment for honest, ener-
geiic men. either n s tlary or commission,
expenses pad A TN ouifiJ furnished each
salesman. The business easily learned.
We grow all the new and rare varieties of
Fruit aud Ornamental trees. Write for
terms. HOPES, BRO * THOMAS, Ma
pie Ave Nurseries, West Chester, Pa. Es-
fablished 1883
September Is, 4.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

THERE was stagnation in the
Philadelphia peach market last week
as may be learned from the Times of
the 14th which says. There was a
great glut in the peach market yester-
dav and sales Mt Wholesale in lots of
one hundred baskets were made as
low as five cents per basket or five
Glghths of a busbel
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

GryEEAL HEusoS's letter ofaccep
tance Is in harmony with the chief
points of the Republican platform
anJ rives satisfaction 70 his friends.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Shoes and BOOts,

Our Boot and Shoe De-
partment is full in It's assort-
ment, and you certainly can be
suited in fit, quality and price.
Whatever improvements have
been added by the manufactures
we have them all. We can
supply you with foot wear for
any in or out door service. Our
grocery Department never lags.
We have on hand a full line of
Fresh, Plain and Fancy
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
DROP IN.


We have now filled our
shelves with Spring & Summer
Goods of all kinds. Our Gus
toners have appreciated our
efforts to give them goods to
suit their purposes, and we
believe that we are better pre-
pared than ever to merit their
confidence. We invite YOU to
come and see and be satisfied.
In our dress goods department
we have almost everything.
Don't be backward, call for
what YOU want.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Caution Notice,

All persons are hereby cautioned, not to
trespass on the lands OF the undersigned in
s pruce Hill, and Beale townships, for the
purpose Of gathering berries, hunting, fish
ing, or in any other way irespa ssirg, on
said lands, as the trespass law Will be en-
forced against people who violate said law D..
HARRISON MISEMUM
June 9, 1888.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

Ceu'ra cn"-'
W,vrrr-tu
-4sIr r.
fbis office.
rn. p.--..-
serves took place
the 18TH fu-f.
p-r-..+ .....-..
-r.r
IL, -.,.,.-
-..-..-..-
. .r
~. 49,.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
CAUTION NOTICE.

All persohs are hereby cautioned aga.ns'
hunting, cutting; timber, building
throwing down stone and rail fences % =
crossing fields, or otherwise tTessl Ass-.s 1s-rs
on any of the several tracts OF land DeI'Is -,
ing to the undersigned IN Lack to"li'-iT
for persons thus tresspassing viii De u'
with according TO la'. ,,c
November l6, 1888.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
NJ ason & Hamlin

The Cabinet Organ was introduced by Mason &
Hamin in 1851 Mason 81 Hamlin Organs have
always maintained their supremacy all Others
having received Highest HonOrs all Great World
Exhibitions since 1861.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

The Improved Mode OF Stringin, Pianos, invented
by Mason X Hamlin in lss2, j. n great advance in
piano construction, experts prOnOuncing IL .. the
--Ttsrc-t Improvement IN pianos in half a century -
Piano circular, containing 800 testimonials from
purchasers, musicians. and tuners, and Piano and
o Eln Catalogues, free.
lrascE & EAItLrE ORGAN AND PIANO co. ,
- -. Ii e. C-ai-z sqzs=s), NEW TozE.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
THE REPU BIIICAN
TICKET.

THE REPUBLICAN
TICKET.
FOR PRESIDENT,
GEN. BENJAMIN HARRISON,
OF INDIANA,
FOR VICE PRES IDENT,
HON. LEVIP. MORTON,
or NEW YORK.
rrE SUPREME JUDGE,
JAMES T. MITCHELL,
OF ruLADELPHGA,
TOR AUDITOR GENERAL,
THOMAS H'CAMANT,
Or BLAIR COUNTY.
TOR rHE-IDENrINL ELECTORS
rLECroRs-Nr- LARGE,
LEWIS PUGHE, oF LAcENwASNA'
THOMAS DOLAN, or PHELADELPHtN,
DISTRICT ELECTORS
I JohnW. Tsggart. To- John Il. uTah''
=. John Wannamak r, To- wilson u h'eSS'
. TT,f,nart p Johu. Il. David Clark,
, w, g. hamilton. Is. G.. G.. Hutchison,
3. JohnJ. MKiniey, ~ Johu =. L""gr' ,,lI
: - r T Coates, 20 Jercm'h X Miller
yy.,ls,r, Pills. 81 George j Elliott,
) F4g,r prDchot, -. Harry : Paul,
q Samuel l.. Kurtz, p Geo. ShiraS' Jr''
10. Elwood Gursr. -. r :. NeM.'' er'
~ yylIi,r, CoDnrn. p. John W. Wa lace
~ yv,.;.rrG q PAYNE. 96.J. e StgrteNanr,
n p'.,s-F Burk. .. Jos. Thos. Jones
Il Henry n. Bechtel, -. l.. VI. lt"N''
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19
Stockholders Individually Liable

JOSEPH ROTHROCK. Pre,rdent
T. VAN IRW IN, Casino
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

Mail Express leaves Pittsburg at OeBm.
Altoona 20 m; Tyrone 81 pm; Hunt
lpgdon % pm; Lewistown A. pun Nif-
fin 10 p M Harrisburg 10 - uli Phils-
delphis 70 a II.
Philadelphia Express will stop at MikI
at ii 50 Z. IN, when tagged
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-19

LEWIS TOWN DIVISION
Trains leave Lewistown Junction for Nil
roy at s 35 IN, 10 55 d m, 8 l5 pm; for
Sunbury at 10 N, 90 p m.
Trains arrive at LewIstown Junction from
Milroy at 90 m, - pun, . o M from
Sunbury at 92j d n, ~ pm.
The Seattle post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, Wash. Terr. [Wash.]) 1888-1914, 1888-11-11

The claims Of the Democrats as to
what they were going to do this year
do not appear TO have been well
founded. Before the election they in
sisted that they would carry all the
doubtful states and that they would
take Michigan, Minnesota, wiscon-
sin, California and New Hampshire
out of the Republican column. As a
matter Of fact, however, they have
lost the two most important of the
doubtful states, and have not only not
carried single Republican state, but
have had wrested from them q state
which they regarded as surely their
own. II Is evident that our friends
made grievous miscalculation.