davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Land Office. New Orleans. La, !
June 2G. 1883.
Notice il hereby given that the FOLLOW
ing nanel settler has iil.l notice Ut
his intention a. make final prof in
support Of his claim. anil that said
proof will lie made before the Register
and Receiver OF the Unite,l States land
Omce. ut New Orleans. La, on T,,os-
day. August ~, 1858. viz:
JOHN MAYNE.
VIII" made pre-em ption declaratory
statement Ne. ~. for che south half OF
the northwest quarter OI section II,
township 6. south range IL east. ~.
Ueiessd merididn.
He names the folloWiT wishes. a
prove his continuous iesi le.,:~ uIy.
and cultivation &c ~: / land. viz:
-: B,ery. Richard Montgomery. l..
A. Geissier. W. A. E. GuntLer. ali of
81 Tsmmany parish. La.
jy76t THos. J. BUrLsR. Register.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
TO HOMESTEAD SfTrLTRs

Persons intending 10 make 6nal
proc: IN support VI their claim mr..
required to produce IN afidavi,
from the printer. showing that the
notice has been Published six wesks
N succession. The afilaviss can
b obtained BY calling at the FAs.
ma once and paying for the I'D.
vertisemeul
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
/: ORDINANCE

: ORDINANCE
was Ii n adnnted:
Be g ordained by tine Price
Jury q st. Tammauy parish. That
there hall be levied, for the year
1883. 4 tax Of two mills on the dol
lar for.the Public School fund; a
fnrthuS tax Of two mills on the dol
lar TO- Expenses in Criminal Mat
tiers; Snt tax of six mills on the
dollar for the general expenses Of
the parish.
BE i further ordained. etc. Tina.
the Sheriff aud ex-oflicio Tax Col
iectore HE aud he is hereby instruct
ed to: collect. on all the taxable
property Of the parish. the incor-
porst&d towns Of Covington anil
Man6Avilis Included, the two mill
tax Id ied for the School Fund, anil
the Is 20 mill tax levied f1 EXPENSES
IN Crf n'nal Matters; and that snid
tax collected in currency aui
paid INTO the hands II the Parish
Treas 2irer.
Be- u further ordained. etc, That
the l * Collector shall receive. in
payment Of the six mill tax levied
for he general expenses IL the
parish, licenses. taxes. o.. nny in
iebts;'lness Of the parish. the GER
tiicafes aud warrants uf the Police.
Grad and Petit Juries, for the
year u which they were issued.
Al Opted May Z. 1883.
% motion. the Tax Collector
"as nstrncted to proceed ut once
with the collection Of the parish
''ce'f es and taxes, in accor.lancr
With the provisions of the above
o'dis"ncs;
:; J. NJ. ALLISON. President.
w. q. kESrzEi., Secretary.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Revs. Foster and Lyons. Of N.w
Orleans. Crymes. of Pearl River,
and Ellis. Of Covington. are holding
protracted meeting 1t the Mstl,o-
dist Church.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Mr.. Frank j. Cardona. an Alder
man Of jacksonville. picked =
watermelon from his garden on the
3Oth inst. which weighed Al lbs
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
LETTER FROM JUDGE BOS.
SER.

Baron Rouor. July 8. 1883.
EDrrOR ST.. TAMxAxY FARuIR:
herewith incl0ss the names OF
the Police Jurors fer St Tammsny
parrish. l mailed them tLsir oo,u
missions to-day. I wonld like you
TO publish the list, and wonld say
ALEC that our senior and Junior
Senstors and our Congressman will
do ali in their power u secure 40 .
lighthouse.
did my hest 10 transfer the
fnnds appropriated to the T.ouisi.
ANA Agricultural and Mechanical
College and Southern Umive, atty
snd State Normal School to the
common school funds OF the State.
wishing TO lsgislate for The benefit
OF the many at the expense OF tue
few. carried a votes With nue. in
the House. aud many members e.
pressed regret afterwsrd that they
had not voted with ms. I will be-
successful hereafter. My object
was the establishment Of eight
months schools or ss near thereto
~ possible. instead of only three OF
four months.
l made every effort to get $500
appropriated for permanent Damp
for the State militia. l
would have Lad the ground par.
.h"se.l 10 st. Tsmmsny parish, at
Vaudeville or Lewisburx. A spirit
Of parsinony and reform in the
wrong direction seized the House.
]" re'stios to the Militia, aud tksy
would appropriate nothing.
Yours, etc.. J. S. Bossrxs.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
OPENING THE CAMPAIGN.


The Republican National Com
mittss has decided to open the
campaign vigorously and earnestly.
Gen. Ben. Harrison has eelected
Col W. W. Dadley. extension
Commissioner. ~ his representative
on the committee. aud Dudley and
John C. New will work together.
The Democratic National Com.
mittss has reelected Gen. VIM. II.
Barnum. Of Connecticut. - it,
Chairman. and 10 in excellent work
ing order. Democratic Clubs are
being rapidly organized. and the
,nasses are enlisted heartily.
Gen. Fiske aud Col. John A.
Brooks have formally accepted the
Prohibition nomination for Presi-
dent and Vice President respect
lively.
President Cleveland has express.
cd bis conviction that his rs-elec-
ton 10 certain On the issue between
tariff reform and high tariff. Tie
New York 7Imes has declared its
determination to support the Dem
ocrstic ticket George William
Curtis tavors it also. Hou. Seth
Low. ex-Msyor OF Brooklyn, aud n
prominent Republican. can not sup
port the platform this time. IN ali
parts OF the Union Democrats are
hopeful Of success. bnt not dslndsd
with tho notion that there is to be
walk over without hard work.
There must be vigilance all along
he line to achieve victory.
Hcn. Joseph Mcdonald. OF In.
LLAMA. says that the State is assured
% neither patty. AMI the contest
must bs vigorous. There is . large
iostiny vote co."pusel Of the La
DOE aud Prohibition elements, in
appealing to which Mr.. Mcdonald
hinks the Democrats have an ever.
:hance. The Republicans nomin-
ted Gen. Harrison Tor the purpose
Il carrying Indiana. where they
some Democratic disa;-
sclion might exist because Of Gov.
bray . defeat Tor the Vice Prssi,ien.
ial nomination. No such iissfIec-
ion exists. aud Thurman. nomina-
ion has satisfied the Democracy
verywhere.
Just as tho Republican National
convention was about 70 adjourn.
Boutslle. the Rlain.
'sdsr. secured All addition to the
republican platform. with a view
satisfying the consciousness Of
'rohibitio.ists who were drifting
way iuto . sbiri party. The for
al acceptance OF the Prohibition
by Gen. Flake woul.i
'sm to destroy that hope. Gen.
isks is popular soldier. . Chris-
An OF wide reputation. and 10 .
"ch stronger candidate than Gen
!. John. who ran in 1884. and cap. q
lred enough votes ~ give New I
ork to the Democracy. The Pro- /.
bition vote has largely Increased
ncs 1884. and the Presidential /.
'ndidate 10 clean man without .
. necessity Of making dsfshss Of {
'arges OF the character that A. "
ctsd st. Johns candidacy. III \
NV Jerssy especially. his own h
ate. Ger. Fisko's candidacy will {
rely endangsr Republican ho2ss !
success. Without New York, .
. Republicans must win Indiana. !.
~ jersey and ConMecticut.-N y
Chronicle.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Bishop Galleher will hold service
at the Episcopal Church on Sun
day morning. the 18th inst. At
which time he will administer con-
lirmatiou. In the evening. ct half
past seven. be will hold service at
Nadi3onyille.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Experiments at Cape Town in
signaling with electric light re-
dsctsd from the clouds were q com.
p!ste success. Experiments we're
slso made with vessel ct sea, with
tue result Of flashing . signal City
miles away.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

A fatal cutting ARRAY occurred at
. Fourth OF July picnic on the
BoRue Chitto. Hansel jenkins was
% severely stabbed that he died
the following night. We have not
learned the Particular. Coroner
Hsintx left for the scene yesterday
to hold an inquest.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
For President,
GrOver Cleveland.
Of New York.
For Vice President,
Allen q. Thurappa =,
OF Ohio.
WEATHER REPORT

9, Aesn temperatura--Max. 03.l; min,
, aacan temperaturs for June, sS.l4.
iniaia. 5lS inches. Clear DAYS l6.
cloudy dayss. Fair days5.
ALEX. BAND. Observer.
Mandeville Station. La
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
PUBLIC LANDS WITHDRAWN
FROM SALE.

A special dispatch 20 the Tiines.
Democrat. Of the Sd inst. Gays:
Last week Mr.. Robertson, oil
Louisiana. introduced in the Honse
= bill providing Tor the Withdraw wal
OF the public lsnds in tho State Of
Louisiana from sale. and reserving
them for homestead entries only.
The Withdrawal Ut the lands from
the States OF Mississippi aud Ar
kansas had caused a. inanx Of
spectators into the State OF Lou
isiana. who we're purchasing the
lands in large quantities for the
purpose Of controlling their dispo.
alton in the future. and for The ad-
ditiohal purpose Of Oh tanning . mo-
nopoly Of the control Of the timber
lands Of tue State.
Immediately upon the introduc.
ito" Of his bill. Mr.. Robertson went
before the Houss committee on
Public Lands. which happened to
be then in session. The committee
expressed themselves - being ia
vorable to the bill. bnt suggested
the passage Of n resolution. tempo.
rary in its effect. answering the
same purpose A. the bill. and in
Guiding Florida in its provisional
This Mr.. Robertson meiiatelv
agreed to. aud hs drew up q resola-
ton. which the committee author
lied Mr. McCrae. Of Arkansas, TO |
report to the House. This resolu-
ton was passed. the day it was re-
ported, and went to the Senate.
In the Senate it was held back for
several days. waiting for . meeting |
II the Public Land Committee Of
The Senate. This committee met
yesterday and reported tho rssolu-
lion favorsbly. with an amendment
which simply extended the opern-
ion Of the resolution to the end OF
he present Congress. The original
'ssolation would have expired at
:ha end Of the present session.
Az amended. the resolution waa
'eferred back 10 the House, aad
bis morning. on motion OF Mr..
Robertson, the amendment Of the
senate was agreed TO. The resoln-
ion COW only awaits the signature
It the President. which will be &C.
nrsd a. speedily a. possible.
The rapidity with which thia
Measure was put through both
ranches Of Congress is almost un-
qaalsd. and is . high compliment
D Mr.. Rober:son's energy aud
The FARMER thinks the above is .
ood measure. bu: it comes rather
'ts ID the day. Il is like blocking
be stable door after the horse has
cen stolen" II such Q law had
cen pssssd tea years ago. before
u tue public lands Of any value
ad beer bought up by spectators,
the triAing cost Of 81 Is Dor .
ere. the Government would have
Ben better of by millions Of dol 7
r..
It 10 never too late to do good,
'wevsr. aud Congress should =
romptly pass . Law which would :,
'ply to every State and Territory :
the Union. Withdrawing the pub :.
land fro'n private sale, and re- :.
rving it for the uss of actual sst- -
srs. =
A similar bill. Withdrawing the -
ate lands from sale. passed the -
onss last Thursday aud will soon :"
come law. ~
el
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
VAUDEVILLE ITEMS.
WASDEvlLLE. July S. 1889.
EDIrOR ST.. IAAxANy FAnxe..

| CDJTO2 81. 1AAAANY FARNIR:
For the past few days We hav.
been enjoying very dns weather
Although the Thermometer went az
ts 81. the splendid southeast wind
and summer showers daily made i,
qnits comfortable. also being ss-
sisted by the delicious bath taken
in salty old Postchartrain.
Az nsual. the exoursion Of the
New Camslia last Sunday was we'll
pstro"izsd. aud yesterday tho hat
talIion Of tho Washington Artillsr,
c"'ns over on that Noble steamer IN
an excursion and target practice.
The l'Oat vas crowded with mas.
ssnssra On their arrival the Bat
TALON. nnnbsring Is men, in com.
mand OF Lient. Col. Jno. b Rich.
sr.lson. formed iuto line, and head.
oil ~ their brass bssd, ,n,rshsd to
the residence of Mr.. Lagrange. 10
alp = glass Of sparkling cham i.ayue
punch; thsucs they proceeded to
their target grounds. At 4 o'clock
they marched back 10 the popnl.,
Crescent Hall. ~I:srs . sum ptnon.
linner hal been preparrI G,r them
bv the Mugnisr Bros. After din.
"sr they were presented with q
beautiful bouquet BY Miss Eugenie
Mugnier. who Aaid:
"tisntlemen Of the Washington
Artillsry-Ail0w me to offer you
this floral gift. hoping that its psr.
f'me may serve to attract yon many
times to the little town Of Msnds-
yills; sud be assured. gentlemen. |
that your organization, Of whic:,
louisiana is 81 j"stl, proud. will |
always meet With n hearty welcome |
frOin M"ndevillsaus."
The gift WAS received with an ap. |
propr'.te response by the Lisutsn.
ant Colonel.
The following families have ar.
rivad this week: d. bornio. E. La.
grange. c. Cusvrsmout. CLss. Per.
riiliat.
Registered At Colomes': Nr..
lsrk. Mrs. F. Sancllo aud SOD, AMI
Nessrs. Lear. Murray and O'Brieu.
Al Fr~ppart's: NJ. Psderssn. J.
j: LaI'y. r. Moses. ~. j. Carrot.
I. Hyams. Of New Orlsans; Mrs.
lletzIer aud family. H. P.r,uantisr.
/. D"Pay. Jr., Of New Il,eriA.
The stores are all very busy. IL
act. the butchers. bakers, bsrl,era.
gardeners AMI fishermen all have
heir hands full. The hotels are oil
'oing good business. The only
uss who can complain ere the doc.
ore. Tor there 10 not even . case Of
aaiaris in our towc.
AIR. W. A. Smith. the mail con.
r.ctor. was married last night to
Hiss Amelia Miller, by Rev. Father
lveilhs. From the Catholic Church, =
hey proceeded. accompanied by . :
'rge concourse Of friends. 10 the
ts'aisncs Of Mr.. John A. Miller. |:
here they enjoyed themselves With
ancinR add rsfrealhmenta -lt
At last Orr city fathers have ia
ec sseps to sc. rid Of tho ssw-loss
mig against Our wliAryea and
reakws'sr. Trey intend to have
rem cut mp into cOrLwood and
III It I" pay expenses. Absts ths
a'sancs. gentlemen. aud you will
st the thanks Of your constituents.
Inc Abits bridge Isiu: again
sslsd away. Covingtoa and Man.
svilis. although only ten miles .
part. might - veil b . t,oussnd,
our citizens cannot visit yourl
'wa. TRAsss.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Judge Bossisr. our Representa-
tive. by special request. entertained
the General Assembly with an slo-
quent Fourth Of July GRAFTON.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Messrs. Eddie Frederick and
Frank Keller. students OF Scule
College. are home for their summer
vacation.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

The BoSue Chitto and Madison
vile ferries will be sold ut the
courthouse next Tuesday. Sec ad-
vertisemsnt.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

The excursion train last Wednes.
day. in charge Of the popular young
conductor. Mr.. Jas. Givsns, was
well patrOuized.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

The Continental Guards, OF New
Orlesns. spent the Fourth at the
Leblanc place, near Covington.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Mr. ". W. Weiss. of The we'll
known Sou!e College. is spending
tho summer in 7CovinQtou.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

WANrEO.-A boy to do light
farm work. Inquire at q. C.
Alexius' briokyarj.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

The handsome steamer New Ca
mslia 10 having all the business she
can attend 10 on excursiou ,lavs.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

There was an enjoyable snrprise
party at tho residence OF Mrs. Ba.
rslli last night.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Mr.. Dntruch. of Laverne Vine
yard. presented us with some fine
Concord and Ives grapes last Sun
daY.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

The Police Jury will meet on
Monday. the 18th inst.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
SEQ Council psocesdincs.

O"r summer population 10 rapid.
~ increasing.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
SAMUEL YOUNG

Who made homestead entry No. $3.50.
Tor ehs southeast quarter If the nor,L.
wsse Inarts-. and lots Z and 3. in sac.
si"n -. township 4. south range rs
east. ~. Heleux mcmillan.
lie names the folio wing witnesses
prove his continuous rssisieacs upus
anS cultivation OF sxid lanl, Wig:
John f'er;e. Albert risrcs, walsos,1
Pierce AMI Albert Walker, all Of St.f
famn,sny parish. La.
ls3 1T THos. j. BurLIa. R..,;aier
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
ESTIMATE OF EXPENSES.

The d,llow;ng ordinance and es-
Inmate II expenses was adopted by
the POLICE Jury. mt the May sss-
sion. fol the year ending December
81. 1851. to-wit:
Grand lnd Petit Jurors. 80 500
Police Jury. ............... 500
Secrstaty aud Parish Printer. $50
Parish treasurer ...... 200
COronef and Coroner's Jury. ESQ
Assessc3 3 fees ............ 225
Comm; lsions Of Tax Collector $50
CONTINGENT fund ....... 500
Sheriff.: (Isss holding court
and transferring prisoners
TO Ststs PRISON. -........ 1000
T"ta! 49,. .-....... .$3575
The GnllnwinO
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

The railroad depot 10 rapidly
nearing completion.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

Work on tho big bridge at Gov
ington will probably he commenced
next week.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

High water melons are in seasoy
water and high nslons.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
Land Office. New Orlsana, La.
Mav "a. 1883.

Notice II hereby given that the folls~.
log named settler has fled notice ofi,is
intention " make dnsi proof in support
Ut bis claim. and that sail proof viik ne
made before the Judge. or in his sa-
sence the clerk nj the District Corst
At Covinyson. La. Saturday. July n.
1888, Wig:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07
COoOrc1 Barber
+. Shop.

RIcHARD WADDLEs, PRopRlEroR.
In the Anfoux Building. foot OF Colau,
bia street lowest rates for shaving.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-07-07

New Advertisements.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1888-01-10
IN A GRAVE,

Grand Army Men Indignant Over the
PAuper Burial Of Capt. Gift.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 9.-Grand Army OF
the Republic men are indignant over re
cen Developments l.. connection with
the death and ignoble burial of Captain
Amos Gift, an old comrade. Capt.
Gift was employed in the pension Office.
He had served on Gen. McClellaD's staff,
and was q pnst-commander of Post IS,
Mystic River, Conn. Capt. Cliff went
to Providence hospital, an institution in
this city managed by Catholic sisters of
charity, for the maintenance OF which
congress ~appropriates SIS, 900 annually.
After being 10 the hospital a while. and
without giving the hospital people any
Information about himself or friends, he
died, on Dec. 90. He was buried in the
potter's tield, and on Friday his
body was discovered on a dissect-
Ing table in the Georgetown
In the pension Office, and the Grand
for q week or more after 1t occurred, and
were then inexpressibly panied and
shocked. Further Investigation by G. A.
n. men, with Wow Of reinterment, led
to the discovery that his body had been
removed from the pauper's grave, but it
was so0n trsced to the dissection table
fortunately unmutilated. Capt. Gifts.
romans were decently inferred by q. A.
II. comrades, with Christian ceremonies
In Arlington cemetery. His friends
blame the hospital authorities for not
taking proper steps to find out Capt.
Cliffs friends before burial, and propose
to go TO the bottom of the whole matter.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1888-01-10
THE READING STRIKE.
The Railroad End of the Strike Has Col
~lapsed-The Coal Miners.

The Railroad End of the Strike Has Col
lapsed-The Coal Miners.
READING, Pa, Jan. 9.-Sunday was a
quiet day throughout the coal region, but
nearly all the local assemblies held meet.
fngs and renewed their pledge to stand
firm in. their demands. The only two
.collieries at work Saturday We're the
Brookside and ST. Nicholas, and the lat
ter was compelled to shut down at once.
The miners refused to enter the mines.
At Brookside the company had sixteen
miners at work, and turned out twenty
cars of coal. This coliiery is the largest
owned by the Reading company, and has
an annual capacity of 1856, 600 tons. The
strike on the railroad has collapsed and
1t is a doubtful question whether the
miners will continue to champion the
cause of the discharged train hands much
longer, especially If Nj. Corbin shows a
disposition to pay the advance asked by
the liners. A considerable quantity OF
the coal now mined at the individual col
lieries is being sent to the various
furnaces and rolling mills in the Schuyl-
kill valley. The district assembly
Knights of Labor, all Philadelphia &
Reading railroad employees. as we'll as
miners, will be permanently organized
In this city on Sunday next.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1888-01-10
NORTHERN PACIFIC n

on Account Of Protssta Patents win
Not No Issasd FOR sixty Days.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 9.-Secretary La.
mar has sent a telegram to the president
of the board of trade Of Helena, Mont,
Informing him that the department Of
the interior will take no action for at
least sixty days In the matter Of issuing
patents to the Northern Pacific railway
for lands within that territory. This
move on the part OF tho secretary was
called forth by prstests received by tele-
gram from the board OF trade OF Helena
early Saturday morning. Tht protests
set forth that United States officers were
certifying that mineral lands within the
territory of Montana, and within the
granted limits I the Northern Pacific
railway, were agricultural lands, and In
consequence OF these Qualifications the
mineral lands were being inclosed In the
railroad grant, to the detr!ment of both
the territories aud the United States. A
circular for the guidance of land officers
10 the west in regard to this matter, is
now in course OF preparation. It will re-
quire that the railroads make the same
proof In regard to the character of land,
as is nov only exRcted from the home
stead and Presumption settler. The only
question not yet decided, is whether the
circular shall he retroactive in its effect
so as TO require the railroads /. file aiida
Wits about the character of lands already
selected. So far no patents have been
iFs aett 20 the railroad for the land in
4rstinn, apttthe secretary says all nc
Agn viii lis suspended until the facts Il.
lac case can be thoroughly s~scertained;