davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1888-09-26
EDUCATIONAL.

EHERsoS ISsIIIuTL
Ssect CiAesscal and Mathematics School for Young
Men aud BoyA
Begins 10 thirty-seventh yrsr MONDAY. sEPTEM-
BIER "a
rreperes for Harvsrd Yale. Princeton, Johns Hop
Lins and other Collel-es and Universities for tne
sSlenunc SchoolS u = Military and Naval Academies
ana ior business For particulars address
su-. I'm CHAS b. You "a. Principal
NORWOOD TNsTITUrE-sEIEcr SCHOOL FoR
xx>SStEnLSE,ppy at l407 Mass. sve Mr aud Mrs.
ze.n WITH inll eorps OF instructors Sli-am
A BUSINESS EDUCATION = BOOK KEEPIN NO.
a fenmanship. Arithmetic. Grammar. orthoxrsphy,
,s Ae rapid prosres-: REASONABLE
~ ~ Ssl .ter q 80 pm WOODS COMMERCIAL
sShooi- "a 9th ne Established 1854 au25-om
piNkNEY INSTITUTE SIS CONN AVE. Sc
Ia "a .,. rsnch and oerman school for ung
s1 &c AND little girls. Reopens sEfT. "a For special
Ani9a5n,non Apply 20 the Misses BURGESS Principals
PRIyATE INSTRUCTION N PRIMARY sun
sco oy colleee student References: Prof Mon
I 1G1s sn1 fssnty Of Columbian College vIkiiL
M AND MRS. ALFRED BUJAC WILL RECEIVE
y, ~ -, fpps, sinsy OF u classes in French Enrish in
Their residences Address 1924 18th Ct " se5S-2v.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1888-09-26
A FEW WORDS TO ADVERTISERS.
An UNPAaAs.LELED susoWuNe.



with entire confidence TEE w.suporox rr,x.,.
STAR Is presented TO the pubic as the best IO.a
advertising medium 10 be found in the whole r..v.
OF journalism This claim is based upon certain
nrmly- ablished facts which are wen xor.nv
the consideration OF all persons Interested In cos
mun,c.t,ps with the public In regard 70 am, ,u,.
ness proposition whatever II rests primarily m
the broad and solid foundation that rHu sr.Hs,-
culates In the city where printed a laryer uumssr
OF copies In proportion 20 population than auy
paper In the world And not only h lis circulauou
the largest and 4lles but &c rs also the srsr. saacs
the paper goes not alone into the hands Of tns
people OF the District OF Columbia as q body. sut
into their homes-into the families OF all class
and into those OF the money-spending as well as
the money -earning portion OF the community In
larger ratio than any daily journal OF general
circulation that can be named BY reason o, ass
'~ "esnnesS and reliability OF us ne~s
~e'''e' anu ioreign- its independent aud
VI al puone questions It's ints,ii-
e"e0u'e ae'ouon 10 local interests and
''''e A''en9On 70 matters with which me
anu eS'"o'AA's us lady members are
- e'e'y"nee Recognized
-. -'A''''N " " In every quality, the leading
"'pApe' VI 'ne national cap',al
'' 'Ae "o'A-sn0p' Ana ms
'"e'e s'A'e'nen~ auenuonhin
WIG '"''es 'e'o"' ihes not only sho" the
'O' anu advertising patronage OF the paper
~ WIN seais nainou, oul oy the remafka
Die Increase shown In both departments In each
month over the corresponding month In the pr.-
vious year, they also Illustrate IN ,hs ,,o., A..
chile manner possible, the esteem I'm which IN.
paper is held I'm the city OF ifs home sna n, d..
who are best able 10 ,uao,p M ,,s ,nsr,,s
paper ana its yaloe as an asverr,s,n., ,,.,,.,.
These are the figures referrea 70 with xh,.s,.
comparison As chanenvaa.
="
1872
49,.
NJ
,,
JULY INSTRUMENTATION as.iss aa.s,e
srrrrxu,, q, 40. O.,
ocropkR ,,.o, a, en-, a. -.
-.
- -"'o"'
O-oAAsAA ''......-...-.2S'oOo 2A'Sss 2S,see
- - -
&S'o'S ss'sss
'eA'e''''''''''' i'sSs A.SSs
SuhsEs on NEW ApvKRrIsExESn PRINTED ~
,ss. 1854.
JANUARY. .a.,ss ANA s.n.
FEBRUARY. ,.saa ana. ,rs,
MARCH a,os . Sos
ArRu. a-s,e aa.s s.~s
MAY... .a.sss 40, a..s,
JUNE .3.4,A a.Oas ANA
July ..3.os3 aga, ans,
AUGUST. ..a.sOo a.ssa aye
sErTEMBrR .3.sIe A..Os 4.sr,
OCTOBER. Asia 4.s,s s.
NOVEMBER a.s4s x.2se a.saS
DEcENBEa aSas a-Sos s. ssa
- - -
TOTAL. Accommodation 45.siO SA.sss
Increase. Am S-,,s
c,,, , o,, =, w..... ,,..,u
tup,bia. ur
I solemnly swear that the nsures a, IN. .,-,,,
two comparative statements are true and correct
IN every particular y. b. NoyEs
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1888-09-26

~ Cessafscass - ~ Rxpssl
From IL Warrington Posi-. Jsnuazy esA lso2
We coagrasalats TEE szAn % M great pruspr
y. zAsrs = - ssss<T svs~s~e sswpqp~ 60
Un6sea ntosea
, 1888-11-06

Among the recent DEGREES made in
France is n relating TO the inspection
of butter for the repression of fraudulent
dealings. By this special persons are
authorized to take samples of butter in
any place, whether the butter is exposed
for sale, stored in a warehouse or in
transit by land or water. Each sample
taken is to be subject to a special exam
nation. Pure butter, mixed butter,
margarine, oleomargarine and grease in
tended for consumption, in transit, must
be contained in closed packages, and the
origin and nature of the merchandise
must be conspicuously specified thereon.
Chicago Herald.
, 1888-11-06
BY Rail in ENGLAND.

When travelling by rail in England you
are not only looked after by the officials
with great care for you are under a
parental government') but by law you
are not allowed to be careless; in fact, it
is a criminal act to injure yourself, even
by accident. In many cases you are
locked in the coaches SO that you cannot
leave the train while it is in motion, but
if the door should be unlocked, and you
jump out before the proper time. or if
you attempt to board a train after it has
started, you are arrested and liable to a
heavy ne.-Home Journal.
, 1888-11-06
THE A AND

We ,slasped our hands, the blithe young years
and l.
We saw the Turing world before us lie,
We laughed aloud, nor dreamed of tear and sigh
We blessed our fate, the tide of hope ran high
When we clasped hands-the blithe young yearl
and
We saw Love fit before us on the way,
And shine with light that far outshone the day.
We heard his call, we fastened to obey,
We sought him eagerly lest he'd delay
To show the site where his sweet city lay,
The blithe young years and 1.
We clasped our hands, the gray bent years and L,
We saw the darkened world behind US lie,
We wePt aloud, we shook with sob and sigh,
We cursed our fate, the tide of grief ran high
When we clasped hands-the gray bent year
and L
We saw Death fit before us on the way
And cast a shade that did obscure the day;
We heard his call, we trembled to obey,
We shrank from him as fain we would delay
To find the site where his dread city lay,
The gray bent years andL
Susie NJ. Best in Home,Journal
, 1888-11-06

a writer in The Chicago News gives
the result of an experiment, showing that
the instinct of children has in it, not only
a love for recreation of a choice sort, but
a sanitary common sense. A number Of
swings were suspended at a summer
home for children; and near by were slung
two dozen hammocks. The latter were
almost always full, but the swings rarely
were in use. The hammock is the most
natural invention to give perfect rest and
ease to the whole body, with a delicious
sense of motion and activity. Every
home should have several hammocks
swung under trees, for the use of both
adults and children. 1t will tend greatly
to relieve the strain of every day toll,
and SO sweeten the intercourse of its
members. -Globe- Democrat.
, 1888-11-06

Is one which is guaranteed to bring you
satisfactory results, or in case of failure a
return of purchase price. On this safe
plan you can buy from our advertised
druggIst a bottle of DR.. Kings New Dis
covery for consumption. 1t is guaranteed
to bring relief in any case, when used for
any affection Of throat, lungs or chest,
such as consumption, Inflammation of
lungs, bronchitis. asthma, whooplng
cough, ETC., etc. 1t is pleasant and agree
able to taste, perfectly safe and can al
ways be depended upon. Trial bottles
free at DIR. w. N. Hunts drug store.
, 1888-11-06
Death in Court Plaster.

"'Isinglass court plaster" is a material
most plenteously pregnant for evil. 1t
furnishes an ideal atmosphere and pabu-
lum for bacteria, and has sent many an
unfortunate to the ground. 1t is ques-
tionable whether it can be disinfected so
as to be safe. Phlegmon, pseudo and
true erysipelas are its most usual COM
panions; its most frequent victim being
the accommodating and officious person
(or his friends) who carries it about his
person for emergencies, and who dispen-
ses it with a click and a stick. DIR. A.
r. Jenkins in The Annals of Surgery.
, 1888-11-06

The Smithsonian Institution at Wash
ington has sent an expedition to Nova
Scotia and secured fac-similes of ! the
fairy rocks" on which are curious
hieroglyphic characters, evidently very
old, which may throw some light On the
history of the early discoveries of Amer
lea. The markings are cut in upon q
rock Of highly polished slate, and the
intaglio is about a sixteenth of an inch
"eep.-Boston Budget.
, 1888-11-06
Efficiency of French Detectives.

The French detective force is organized
on the plan of the survival of the highest
efficiency, and no clearer recognition OF
this fact a be found than is shown in
the circumstance that whereas French
forgers, highwaymen, burglars and HON
icides who are able to reach the city OF
London in security usually enjoy immu-
nifty from arrest while they remain there,
hardly a case is known of a professional
criminal from England who ever sought
or obtained refuge in Paris.-New York
Sun,
, 1888-11-06

In 1400 there was scarcely a book in
Rome but missals.
, 1888-11-06
Notice for Publication.
United States Land Office,
Chavappa Wvo Oot O 1909

Cheyenne, Wyo., Oct. 9, 1888.
Notice is hereby given that
William A. Taylor,
of Hinsdale, Mass, has filed notice OF in
tention to make proof on his desert land
claim No. 1920, for the whole of section
4, in tip -, n of r e. W, before register
and receiver at Cheyenne, Wyo., on Sat
urday, the 10th day OF November, 1888.
He names the following witnesses to
prove the complete irrigation and reclaim
alton of said land: George w. Welsh,
Gilbert Shapcott, Pharis S. Munich,
Charles Peters, all of Cheyenne, Wyo.
Edgar S.. Wilson, Register.
, 1888-11-06
An Entirely New Court.

The whole court at Berlin is now en-
tirely. composed of new people. The
friends of the late emperor have disap-
peared and the emperor and empress are
surrounded by people entirely of their
W choosing and s~ympathies. Those
who know say it is impossible to imagine
anything more complete han the eface-
ment of every trace of the late emperor
and empress influence. New York
Sun
, 1888-11-06
He Obeyed Orders

''Cal for All Song" said an Australian
judge to the Hibernian court crier, in g
Chinese law suit. Gentlemen, " shout.
ed the crier to the spectators, ''would
one of yez favor his honor with a song?'
New York Tribune.
, 1888-11-06
The Author,s Hardest Task.

Probably the most difficult task in the
construction of a story is the manage
ment OF conversations, so that the indi.
~viduality of the dramatis persona NAV
not be hopelessly mixed. The autbo,
must keep each character definitely before
his minds eye, so that he may see it a,
distinctly as he would an intimate friend
embodied in the lesh.-Virginia G. Ell
lard in The Writer.
, 1888-11-06
NSN

Thoroughly cleanse the blood, which is the
fountain of health, by using DIR. Pierce's Gold
en- Medical Discovery, and good digestion, a
fair skim, buoyant spirits, and bodily health
and yigor will be established.
Golden Medical Discovery cures all humors,
from the common pimple, blotch, or eruption,
TO the worst Scrofula, or blood-poison. Es-
peclally has it proven its efficacy in curing
SALT = rhcum or letter. Eczema, Erysipclas,
Fever sores, Hip Joint Disease, Scrofulous
Sores and .Swelings, Enlarged Glands Col
Ulcers.
Golden Medical Discovery cures Consump-
ton (which rs SCrUf1fa of the Lungsl, by its
wonderful blood = purifying, invigorating,
and nutritiye properties, If taken in time.
For Weak Lungs. Splitting of Blood, Short
ness of Breath. Catarrh in the Head, Bron-
affections, it is a sovereign remedy. 1t
promptly cures the severest Coughs.
For Torpid Liver. Biliousness, or Liver
Complaint, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion, it is
an unequaled remedy. Sold by druggists.
Price sl0o. or six bottles for $500.
, 1888-11-06

Job Printing neatly executed at the
Leader Job Printing Rooms.
, 1888-11-06

.es & Historical Dept; chrvenae, Hyo.
, 1888-11-06
Longest Through Service.

The longest through car service of any
railroad line in the world is said to be OF
the Southern Pacific road, between New
Orleans and San Francisco, 2,495 miles.
, 1888-11-06

Beware of Fraud, as my name and the price
are stamped on the bottom of all my advertised
shoes before leaving the factory, which protect
II a dealer offers w; L. Douglas shoes at a re-
duced price, or says he has them without my name
and price stamped on the bottom, put him down as
q fraud,
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01

Notwithstanding the old time practice Of
relieving or changing valentines when some
one was drawn that was not quite 80 pleasant
to the one who drew that name, there seems
10 have been disposition TO believe that the
person drawn as a valentine had some con
dderable likelihood Of becoming the associate
OF that party in wedlock. At least we may
suppose that this idea would be gladly and
sasily arrived at, where the party 80 drawn
was at all eligible from other considerations.
There was il appears, a prevalent notion
among the common people that this was the
day on which the birds selected their mates.
They seem 10 have imagined that an influence
was inherent in the day, which rendered in
some degree binding the lot or chance by
which any youth or maid was now led 10 fix
bis attention on person Of the opposite sex.
It was supposed, for instance, that the first
unmarried person Of the other sex whom one
net on st. Valentines morning in walking
abroad was destined wife or a destined hus-
band. Thus Gay makes a rural dame re-
mark:
Last Valentine, ths day when birds Of kind
Their phramOurs with mutual chirpings find,
early rose Just at the break Of day
Before the sun had chased the stars away.
Aaeld / went, amid the morning dew,
To milk my kline, (for so should housewives do.
Thee / first Bpied-and the first swain we see
In spite Of fortune shall our true love be.
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01

Ny experience with criminals, when I was
On district bench, taught me that there was
no man devoid Of manhood. Place anybody,
however depraved, on his manhood, and you
will observe his eye brighten up. have
taken men who have been convicted Of seri-
Gus offcnses, and after sentencing them TO
the ponitentiary, have said: "Now, intend
10 place you on your manhood, for l believe
you have manhood in you. will give you
= mittimus, and the marshal will provide
you with money TO go home and bid your
family good by. After you have stayed
there a day or two want you TO report at
he door OF the penitentiary named in the
lapers you will receive and serve out your
sentence like a man. And when you are
through / want you 10 return TO me, and
want 10 SEQ what can bo done TO restore you
10 the confidence Of your fellow men in so
ciety.n never was disappointed in a man l
thus trusted, and those convicts whom l
have helped on their return from prison have
always been faithful 70 tho trusts imposed
upon them.-Judgo Gresham in indianapolis
journal.
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01

The profession OF veterinary surgeon Is an
excellent one tor young men II is a profes-
sluu that i. not overcrOwded, and the young
mau VINO has tho necessary capabilities and
the requisite amount OF push needed m any
vocation wall almost always find plenty TO
do Our government is, however, slower
tnun II should be In recognizing the value Of
thus class OF professional men In tho regu-
lar army veterinary surgeons are clnssed as
farriers ana taken in tie ranks as enlisted
men. Their pay Is from 80 10 500 a month.
lu private pracuce the rates Of the veteri-
nary surgeon urs the same us those Of the
medical prucuuunvi luo need Of skillful
mon WHO know nov a. treat nteljgenty the
disease OF animals /, shown 10y TOW statis
Ties giving the uumuer and value Of some OF
the domestic animals IN tho United States
These statistics we're taken four years ago.
There were then "a the Uuited States lO,S3S,-
IN hurs,s, valued at S55d,O ,SUS, 1871 ,O19
mules, valued 40 Sl4s, $50 IS, ,l25,GSj
mich cows, valued at $3O6,575,405 and
2s,Ui6,OT7 oxen and other cattle, valued at
S6lI ,5lg, 100. From 1878 20 1852 tho esti-
mated loss from pleuro-pneumonia alone was
$4,000, ,OOO--Now York Mail and ExproSA
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01

We tn, ,u pe,.pt 20; tho Vp0y, of the
commlss.g .gaer ot ast.cu.turo, boaad ia
gwen Ual containing beautiful map ~
tAe Ias,i,A sFarvw
ono Syey another tlc great men Jro
DIVING OUt and tle question Is daily
We are taking qyllluo every day
Thew enc tNo things that ~ tho pa
thence of nan Waiting tlr the fellow
who has pr1inisod 20 rsygrn the 6 Dc Dor,
rowcd AZ the church fair, aud tor freight
train 30 m0Vc od tho crosslug
Au old enemy 0f ours has rcccntly
struck tho l0tt1ry Cor flO Ali how the
wicked prospgr In this world. while tho
righteous So 0n playing 3-ll-&A and neyer
draw pr.rol hut our inward is not horA
-Smithvlle (Oa.l News
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01
white Wing. -Four reet Dozen.

Several hundred thousand years ago,
according Co the works Of Confuclus and
the teuots Of the established Chinese 10
iigon, certain kindly disposed and ex
trmoly powerful dragon becoming wearied
OF paradise came down on an exploring
trip To China and was Obliged, through a
number of unexpected complications. &C
romaIn there, by several manifestations
OF his power no convinced tho Cinnamon
~ tho surrounding country that he was
not person 10 bo idly toyed with So.
after ho had dovouued number Of their
friends aud fond relatives, they awuke TO
that fact and Immediately elevated tho
dragon tn the position Of divinity Sub.
scriptiou papers Wcro az once circulated,
and within remarkably short space OF
time the Celestial visitor was established
tn tho divinity business with u house aud
% rotinue OF priests OF his own Through
the influence which ho exercised In local
politics and national government the
drngon soon came 20 % Nugshipul by all
China, his picture finally being selected TO
grave tho uag Of tho country
Tho other day the holiday 'n honor OF
hls arrival began Tho Chinese call IL the
No luch Dan No-tAe English Tor II Is
urt known Il is tao Gt,h day 90 the
ttth moon. the tairtcoutA day OF the four
,.ruyh outh Uud number OF other
things tnn r9u'rous 10 mention The
principal Chinese business houses and the
restaurants saJt down and nearly all Of
Tho Celestial culiar Ueautihtrs shut mp
their shops end took holiday Mott
strlet was titled wiyh tho thoauUs Of
sporuyo rayvlaIs Tho Joss had such
syraw oi ca,.yrs that his reception room
was cN'vjgd to tay doors and a ulmber
of his wuteliDgls Vcro obh-.d Go 40 out
on the sidewalk and yo their woreaiping
VIA tGu tu.uJ windows Tho festivities
continued u.,ti a l-.o lvur the most az,
tu,,lvo point being tHo tauJ whomarvhed
E'l err.Hl ..' -.. ..H.' ..o N...o Mllgs
uIl over tU. u.l. .astasi ava stacked
them ug tstU t.,t t,,p Now logk
Mut.l
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01
A POSITIVE FACT.

The most complete stock DRY GOODSEae to be found atLUN
BROWNS.
The hest assortment and reasonable prices in Paasos and Sun Shades
at LUNN BROWNS.
Over embroidery suits in a Iphyr Nanook Sw
etc-al colors and prices low at LUNN d BHo"No'
eno & of Dress Goods Silks and Thmmngsbest assortment O,
Gloves in Silk Lise and Kid Gloves at LUNN d BhOWNS'
Cae Curtains Curtain Poles Rugs DraerY Chains Stair Caps
etc. at LUNN & BROWNS
Do not forget the place 23 Corner State and Commercial St.
LIJNN 6 BROWN.
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST !, 1888.

oc4L PAssENGER TRAIN - DAILY TX
CEIsr SUNDAY.
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01

900 a. m. Nv. Portland Ar. &l5 p. m.
I.O2 a. IN. Nv Salem ~. | ~ I.5l y ~ ,
i.iO p. IN. Ar. Eugene Nv. 8OO O. IN.
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01
PULLMAN BUFFET SLEEPERS.
TOURIST SLEEPING CARS,
West Side Division, Between Portland
and Corvallis:

SraIgNyTiLT ExrREss TRAIN - DAILY
EXCEPT SUNDAY.
Evening capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1888-1893, 1888-08-01
WELL DIGGING.

NNrEtIS plU on REPAIRED. ON
w short uoliys. ~gnt orders through fNH
ustoHloy, ug v,N at usN huusy, ~tu,H
A. nANla
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1888-08-11
" HANDSOME" SALARIES.

Some interesting figures in regard
to salaries have been elected in a
suit now IN progress in Brook Ign
against baking powder company.
1t WAS shown that the president of
the company drew a salary Of $50, =
600 year, the vice-president $40
600, and the treasurer $4,000. The
president of a paint and yarnish
company, who was introduced as an
expert III regard to salaries, stated
that the superintendent of his com
pany received 500, 200 a year, while
the yearI y business did not exceed
IS, 100000. Another witness stated
that IN companies with which he
was acquainted the chief executive
officers received from s., 900 to $50
900 year, while representative of
a kerosene oil company said that he
knew one officer Of a large corpora
ton who received q salary of $780,
600 year, and two others who re-
ceived 100000 each. These figures
are enormous, and were unknown
unit. the days Of trusts and comb
nations. The explanation is fur
nished in the testimony of one of
the witnesses, who said that the bus
mess Of the company with which he
is connected had been increased I'M
til the profits had reached 40 per
cent. on the original capital stock. -
Craftsman,
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1888-08-11

ing wayfarers from treadlng on GER
tain flower beds and the law was VI
olated, it would be disorderly, and
in such case we don't believe that
any one, unless he were a veritable
anarchist, would passlyely resist "
such law, and advise others to plant
anarChistic feet upon the forbidden
ground. Nor is it anarchistc to
recognize the fact that it is not Ut
preSeat feasible for the boycotters to
90 into politics and Wtn. The rea-
son is that at present the boycotters
are not united as to what politics to
adopt, which will not be the case
when they become Socialists-when,
through education, they get rid Of
the lndividualsm which has been 50
monstrously developed by the condi-
ton Of present society, and which,
unchecked, leads to anarchy.
1t seems too bad to thus ham
string LidertyS enthusiastic and
spirited young kicker against author
ity, but Socialists are after all matter
of fact people, who, while they may
build hopes, at least build upon the
bed rock Of hard fact. Their tao
tics, by the way, are usually appro-
pirate to the time, and they are not
given to startling confessions .
which would lead individualists to
believe them gone daft.
Workmen's advocate. (New Haven, Conn.) 1883-1891, 1888-08-11
INDIVlDUAllSM vs.. SOCIALISM
Some Pertinent Questions and Re
marks by Rinctum."

! have noticed how the anarchistic
editor Of Liberty has been subjected
to harsh criticism and even ridicule
bywriters IN socialist papers. This
is wrong. | have no doubt that
Liberty will furnish a fair answer to
honest questions. At least | will
try a few, and hope both questions
and answers will appear in the
WoRKNEN's ADVOCATE, SO that So
cialists may Judge between the argu-
ment8 of State Socialism and those
of Anarchism.
There appears in column of Lib
ertv which the editor "approves "