davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
HOUSE,.

After the passage OF House bills for public
buildings at several places, on nation OF
Mr. Lee, of Virginia, a bill was passed max
ing Inauguration day holiday in the Dis.
trio: of Columbia.
The House subsequently, went into Com.
mittee of the Whole on tho postoffice ap
preparation bill.
The House faally passed the bill
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
Proceedings of Congress.
WASHINGTON, d. g., May 2i.
SENATE.

Mr.. Allison, from the Committee on APP
preparations, reported back the Deficiency
bill for expenses OF collecting the revenue !;
and tie Iodian appropriation bill. He gave
notice that he would ask consideration of
the former tomorrow land for that reason
he hoped that The Senate would be in see.
sion) and Of the latter at the earliest posi-
BILE monant.
Nj. Stewart called up the joint resolution
offered by him on the 14ih inst, for Con-
s,itutianai amendment reducing 10 simple
majority the vote necessary to override a
Presidential veto, and addressed the Senate
on the subject.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
usuraedto Death.

NEW YORK, May 24.-About dozen old
women were sorting rags on the fourth floor
OF Hugh McGinnis's FIVE story rag factory in
the renr of No SO Spring street to day about
quarter to eleven o'clock, when fire brot g
out there One woman was burned to death,
another seriously hurt by jumping to the
pavement aud several others more or less in
jured
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
Me1I,odisf RisI,ons.

NEW YORK, May 24.-The 10Th and 18th
ballots in the Methodist conference to-day
failed to elect a Bishop. On the 18th ballot
Newman lacked only votes. On the 14th
ballot, however, DR.. Newman was elected.
On the sixteenth ballot DR.. Goodsel was
elected bishop by a vote of 800 out of 400.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
The Emperor Frederick.

BERLIN, May 24.-The Emperor rested
better last night than he has on any night
since his arrival at Coariottenburg. He
slept without coughing for periods of three
hours. He went toto the park at ten
O'Clock this morning. His majesty will at
tend both the civil and religious weddings
OF Prince Henry and Princess Irene of Hesse
to day.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
a9Q@gszgs@sz zz5 5s.
To.D.s1"s TEzEGn.fPnIc DISPATCHES.
rLe Prince William Courthouse

Especial Dispatch to the Alexandria GAZETTE
MANASSAS, We, May 24.-The average
vote at this place is 325. Up to 2o'clock to-
day go votes on thequas,ion of transferring
the county seat from Brentsville to Manas-
sas had been poled, of which 25 were for
retaining Tie courthouse at Brentsvile. 1t
is thought the result will be in foyor of Ma
nossoc
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

There is no necessity for any one paying
5 and 10 cents for single smoke, when you
can get "Old Virginia Cheroots" for 10
cents from any retail cigar, drug or grocery
store.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

Lovers OF good smoke try package o
"OId Virginia Cheroots," 5 for 10 cents, and
you will never regret it. Sold everywhere.
Beware of limitations.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
Sunday baseball.

OMAHA, Neb., May 24-Judge Wakely
has given his decision 10 the Sunday base.
ball injunction case, permitting Sunday
baseball to be played
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

NEW CROP NEW ORLEANS MoLASSES,
IN extra fine quality, received to-day by
nov9 JIG. MlLBuRN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

BALTIMORE, May II of'oN On steady.
middling 10s1ois Flour f-m an a. ct Wheat
Southern stcapy and Gu ?; az 97sl90.
longberry 95a100; Wesoern firm ard quet; Ma
, winter red spot 92a92ia Jrn' - :Inly
92hs93; Aug 92'924; sept 92A.iil Con-
Southern quiet and steady; WHIT G5lf6 yeloy
63a63lb Western higher ard an IN yei spot
63a634 May 63 hid; June OBS fsk.d: July
and Aug 81 bid 0at' staady am hrm: Sluthero
and Penna 4Oa43; Wcstorn white l2ltl. do
mixed 39iaa41. Rye dull at 1850 Prov Sons
firm and active. Butter ioTer; Western pwkei
1921: creamery 49, F-s f-mrr a. .
Coffee firm; Rio cargoes ord n+rv 10 fix 15a,a
16A. Whiskey steaiy at 81 23il %. Other
articles unchanged.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

MISSOURI HAMS-If you have not bought one
IYI don't fail to 20 b.cBUENEY'5 sIOBh and
get one. They are simply grand. apll
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
The Emperor of Brazil.

MILAD, May "a The Emperor of Brazil
had good night and his condition ia i'm
proving.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

LIME MESSINA ORANGES aud LEMONS re
L. ceived to-day by
apo &c. MILBURN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

CLICED-B BAHAMA PINEAPPLE, canned, in
~ heavy syrup just received by
n0v16 J. c. MtLBUfN
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

NEW YORK, May 94-"oston firm upland,
10: Orleans 10ls fl u-cs s.eadr. i.uy qgG
and easy. When5 better. Com be Ter Pork
firm at $15 25a15 80. Lard stronger at $ %.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

CHICAGO, May 81 / s.m-At this hour the
July option is quoted rs f. lows Waas' Sos
81; Corn 569sa56%. Gets 1875 Po:k $l1 80;
Lard So 10 short ribs 81 - y.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

SYRUP OF FIG :, r neg and valuab!e remedy'
~ in bottles at soc and s. each. Just received by
mis- f. = i.lA DREAILR " BIO
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

THE CATHOLIC directors to the recent
papal decree against boyoolting, say the
Pope, in issuing it, acted without correct in
formation. Such an assertion is as uncom-
plimentary to their own intelligence as it is
to the wisdom of the head of the church of
which they profess to be members. THey
should know that the Pope's means for OBJ.
tanning correct Information upon all subjects
are infinitely superior to their own. and,
also, that he never acts upon any subject,
and could not afford to- without the fullest
information.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

AT THE recent republican State conven-
ton at Petersburg, R. A. Paul, one of the
most intelligent negro members of that body
in the speech he made, alluding to the fact
that most of the white delegates had bolted,
said he "lamented the fact that the curse Of
slavery was set upon his race. The whites,
used to liberty from time immemorial, would
not submit to the Malone tyranny" He
spoke the truth as regards his own race
With few exceptions they will continue to
obey the orders of General Malone as i'm
plicity as they did those of their masters in
the old, and to them better, days of slavery.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

IENTS SEAMLESS HALF HOSE, equal TO
VI Shaw. knit, ID &c at
mh24 AMOS b. sLAYNAKER'S
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

CPoRIING GOODS, GUNS, &c-We are now
~ receiving our stock of Paper Shells, Guns.
Primers, Wads &C., to which we invite the atten
tion of the public. Prices low and goods first.
class. JAS. F. CARLIN & SONS,
aue23 New No. 315 King st., Alexandria
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

ALEXANDRA MARKET, Nay 2i-Flo1r :.
quiet, but neither holders Of stocks nor miller,
appear at all anxious to sell except a. current H..
ures. Wheat is stead and firm fo- grades spi,..
BILE for manufacturing Flour that VII stand n.
heated term, while other sorts are NOR, ii,p,
to move at lower pri es; sales So, IS. 40, o. ami
90 for fair to good mixed Wheats. and So to 100
for choice milling grades Cora is wi.hoa. fur.
Their change at 65a6G for white and yclog and
at 64a65 for mixed. rye 75as0 Oats 3SsIo
Eggs 15a16c and scarce. Batter and other mo-
ducc are easy.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

IN CASES HONEY DROP and AB5cO sUGAE
w CORN just received by
nov. ]. Q. MItEUkN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

To PROVE the utter absurdity of some OF
the recent laws of Congress it is only requi-
site to mention that the U. S. Circuit
Court for New York has Just decided that
under one of the laws referred to, the vestry-
men of Trinity Church, New York city,
must be fined 81 600 for engaging Rev DIR.
Warren, foreigner, to take charge of that
church as pastor. Under the same law
every ollege or school that shall engage dis
tinguished foreign teacher in any branch OF
art or science would be liable to heavy fine.
There may have been time when there
was wisdom in multitude of counselors,
but it was not when couuselors were elected
by unqualified suffrage.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

VXXx coNFECTGoNEP's powdered sU-
~ GAR. The best for fne CORRECTIONS. Sold
" Tmh11l GEO Nc3U2NEY & son.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

DIED WARRIOR GH0PPING AXES, wholesale
LII and retail, at So King. corner OF Royal st.
dec8 J. r. CREIGHTON 81 son.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
MEMORANDA

schr ] Pardee, lee for Georgetown, in tow Of
tug Tempar.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
DEgRY's HARNESS OIL SOAP.

Three sizes-$1, so and 25c sizes the finest
article in the world for harness. For sale by
feb27 w. F. CREIGHTON 81 IN
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
MONETARY AND COMMERCIAL

New YoRK, May 2t-Thcrn was more .ri
nation in the stock market al the OPENING HI
morning than has been seen for the past few d,r.
but it soon died away, the market becoming 3nII
as usual. First prices, as compared with yrsto,
days final fisurcs, were irreguler, but higher IN
majority OF the list, gains langin2 up to . per =,
This was followed by the usual harrow foc,na
tions, with general firm tone. Pirhmond ,,,
West Point showed some activity, bnt the 0,.
tuatiOns were unmport.nt. There was no far.
Their feature, and at II o'cock the market was
quiet and firm, generally at the first prices reach
ed. Money easy at LAP
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

BALrIxoas, May 24-7irS;ris IS copso.,i,,.,
=; past.due coupons 6lls 19-fos 80 ncw ?.
60 bid to-day.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

schr Chase for th.s city, clairei from Tar river,
N C, 18th.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24
ALEX ANDRIA.
THURSDAY EVENING, MAY "a.

CONGRESS has just passed a bill TO IN
crease the bureau of labor to The importance
Of department, with many highly paid Of
ficials. A large number of the members OF
Congress seem to think that because man
bas to work he is necessarily deficient ID
common sense, and the fact that they are
elected and returned to Congress gives them
plausible ground for such belief. But they
are egreglously mistaken. Men who ale
compelled to work for a living have just rs
good sense as those who are not, and can
sec through demagogues and demagoglsm
IA we'll as anybody else. They therefore
know that the manner 10 which labor sta
tis,ics are collected and arranged for publ
cation will not and can not, affect their con-
dition. either Individually or collectively,
in the slightest possible degree, and that such
hills as that referred 10 are only passed In
order TO win their support by decelvlog
them. They also know that not only ever
sinca the war. but even during the lime
when every energy of the nation was exerted
to maintain the integrity of the Union,
the legislation of Congress has been In tne
interest of the rich, and against that OF the
moor man-has tended to make the rich
richer and the poor poorer; and, knowing all
this. what they want is radical change In
such legislation, changein accordance with
the principles upon which the government
was founded, which shall prohibitspecial fav
ors to any and allow equal opportunities to
all, and not new departments, the mainte-
nance of which will only increase their own
burdens by sflording excuse for continuing
the high duties on the necesearies OF life Tor
the heaefit of g few protected manufacturers.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

E'RESH ALMONDS, nneIi h Vs'aut', Pccsns,
IL Cream Nuts and tilbcr.s f4r sale at
dec12 i III nrRN'S.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

WHEELBARROWS- have strong and
w durable handmade Garden Wheelbarroy at
low price. JAS. F. CARLIN & SONS,
2pZl Alexandria Va
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

7 AIDES MED UM-WE5G8r VESTS Just Ec.
IL ceived by
nib AMOS r. SlaTWAKFR
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

IN STORE, ONE CAR LOAD $4,000 lbs.)
i Pure Pennsylvania Buckwheat. For salo at
lowest market rates.
JAM CHAS. KING 4, SON
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

Ex-Governor f. W. NJ. Holiday sailed
from New York yesterday for South Amer
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

MIXED PICKLE and CGoN CHOW for sale
oct4 JIG. MJLEuRN
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1888-05-24

ZINE PEPPERELL JEANS DRAWERS for
men of all sizes, just received by
mh31 AMOS B. SLAYMAKER
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
THE sWARmING OF MEN.

A writer in the Nineteenth Century gives much information concerning the course of emigration and population. What he says about the United States is especially interest ing.
 posed to be plane loaded with dots of equal weight, one for each inhabitant, the point upon which such plane would balance has moved with surprising evenness along the thirty ninth parallel. Lying in 1790 on the Chesapeake, somewhat south of Baltimore, it has shifted westward till in 1880 it was on the Ohio, not far from Cincinnati, moving on an average nearly fifty miles westward every ten years, but keeping remarkably close to the same parallel. It went little north of it in 1870, but came back in 1880, and the apparent northward movement in 1870 is be- lieved to have been fallacious, having been
 brought about by an imperfect numbering of the enfranchised colored people of the
 South
 In each division of Great Britain there has
 been an increase of population in every suc-
 cessiye census, but in Ireland every enumera-
 ton from 1851 has shown diminution. In
 1881 the population was estimated at 5,175,-
 900, and now is at 4, ,S53, 600, and this decline in the island as @ whole arises from dimin-
 ution in nearly every part The births have always exceeded the deaths, but the balance
 has been more than taken away by emigra- tion. The civic population is not ons-fourth of the whole, instead of being two-thirds, as in England. The inhabitants of Ireland not Irish born are relatively very few, but they l have been steadily increasing, while the in. l habitants as a whole have been diminishing There are now three times as many English | and Scotch and more than four times as
 many foreigners in Ireland as there were in | 1s41. The shifting of life in the United Kingdom has resulted in diminution of the
 mass throughout the agricultural counties
 and in at least one mining district Of the 3,000,00 emigrants between 1S72-S6 over
 three-ffths went to the United States, about one-ninth to Canada and less than one-ffth to the Australian colonies.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
NO. IOi

dogs in picturesque groups, with the great palmetto -pallisaded coralles for the "round- ups." and again by these porticoed houses and quintas like palaces. Upon every stream, at the mouth of fower-embedded canons, or set like brown gipsies upon noun tain-side, are the poor guajiros' palm- matched cabins. And everywhere is such luxurianee in soil and forest. vine and flower, that when you reach the splendid city of Cienfuegos as the shadows fall, and the moonbeans begin to dance upon its match less bay, one feels as though the day had been 8 vision of some dreamland isle where have blended in magical spell with indescrib- able bloom and song.
 EDGAR T., WAKEMAN
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28

riod of fifteen years into 2% per cent. stock, and then becomes for period of twenty years 252 per cent. stock. Already it ap- pears that the amount offered for conversion has been about e20, 900, 900 above that at which Mir. Goschen felt justified in putting it, which shows that not more than about 990, ,000,0 ,000 can remain unconverted, and the probability is that the amount outstand- ing will be still further reduced as further time is allowed absentees to give their assent to the scheme. The holders of the old 3 per cent. securities who do not choose to pre- sent them for conversion will be paid off at par and the new 23@ per cent. stock will take the place lately occupied by consols and by reduced and new threes. If the conver- sion were carried out in it's entirety the saving to the nation would be et, 400, ,000 per annum for fifteen years and thereafter double that amount, or e2, 800, 900 year.
 It is reported that MT. Upshaw, new chief clerk in the Indian bureau, will be appointed commissioner in place of MT. Atkins, who plainly and correctly talks about MT. Up shaw: In his present place Upshaw has made himself obnoxious to all friends of the In. dians, who have had personal knowledge oi the operations of the interior department They have been inclined to hold him largely responsible for the removal Of experienced and faithful Indian agents, and for the ap- pointnent for partisan reasons or persona favoritism of incompetent persons as agents clerks, ,Nschool teachers, farmers and 80 forth who have reduced the Indian service to s much lower degree of honesty and efficiency than was maintained under recent Repub1i can administrators Of course the Presi- dent, secretary of the treasury and Indian commissioner are the persons really responsi ble for the demoraIized condition of the ser. vice. They could, if they chose to take the trouble, defend their own regulations and the public trust committed to them against this clerk. President Cleveland is well informed of Upshaw's offenses, and, if he should ap' point him commissioner in place of MT. At kins, he will do it with his eyes open.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
RBP0BLICAN STATE CONVENTION.

Republican State Convention is hereby called Hayen on inc 1Stb do ~ E5 i 1ses asa o,cIocI- P m for the purpose of electing four delegates and four alternates from the State of Connecticut to the National Republican Convention to be held at Chicago, June 19 1888. to appointa State Central Committee and do any other business proper to come before said Convention. The Republican electors of each town. uniting with all other cleo tors who believe in the ayowed principles of the Republican party, are requested to send to said Convention. such number of delegates as win be entitled to have in the House of Representatives in this State to such town. By the rules adopted at the last State Convention delegate the Nation al Convention or member of the State Central Committee can be appointed, nor platform adopted, before 10 o'clock g.. m. of Wednesday, May 16. All primaries for naming delegates must be held at least i've days before the meeting of the Conven- tion; at such primaries Town Committee must be chosen to hold their positions until others are chosen in 1890.
 Vacancies in any delegation can only be filled by an appointment In writing signed by the other delegate delegates from such town, and only with legal voter residing in the town where the vacancy occurs. ERAsTUs s. DAY, Chairman.
 R. JAY WALSH, Secretary.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28

No rational person, says the New York Evening Post, expected the President to live strictly up to the promises made by him be- fore and during his canvass. It is true that nobody but few mugwumps did. Does the Post mean to call them irrationali
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
Second District Republican COnven.

The Republicans Of the Second con gressional dis trict of Connecticut are hereby notified to appoint Hyperion Theater, New Haven, on Wednesday, May 18th, at 12 o'clock noon, after the adjournment of the State convention. The business of the conven- tion will be to elect two delegates and two alter mates to the Republican National convention at Chicago, June 18th. Each town is. entitled to the same number Of delegates as to the State conven- tion, and they may be the same men if the towns electing them desire and direct
 BARTLETT BENT, 1.u....
 DAVID B HaMIi1roN Committee. :.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28

Some good results of the work of the United States fish commission are becoming apparent. Reports from North Carolina in dicate that the shad catch this year will be enormous. In mahy of the rivers along the coast, as we'll as in the Chesapeake bay, last years catch was larger than that of the year before, and it is expected that this years yield will be greater still.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
EDTTORlAL NOTRS,

fined there $1O0 for false swearing in a divorce suit.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28

Get vaccinated. An ounce of prevention of smallpox is worth much mora than any quantity of cure of it.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
9r13 8nnds.
Howe & StGts0l
29c DRESS GOODS.

For the past week we have had a Great Sale of dress goods at 2oc per yard. As there were only forty pieces in the lot ad- vertised, of course many of the styles were soon gone and some, of our customers were disap- pointed. We shall offer for this week another case of goods, su- perior styles and better quality, at the same low price, 29c. These goods were all manufac- tured this season to retail at soc.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
grnuts1nms, Etc.

965 Grand Avenue 96S WYE keep on hand good assortment of the best w brands of Canned Goods, such as Oneida and Snowflake Corn and Succotash. Queen Guilford and Long Island Tomatoes Kent Day Go. s Lima Beans. French and A, B. Rose Peas.
 U H. Duoley's Pumpkin: Al good assortment of Golden Gate Fruit. Cross Blackwell's, Bunker Hill and PryerBros' DurEee,s Queen OliTes and Salad Dressing. Thompson's s Ketchup and Extracts. Richardson & Robbins Plum Pudding. and other varieties of canned goods.
 Butter. Butters York State dairy, PlainYille Glastonbury, Dur ham and Mountain Spring Creameries in rolls, also fine table Butter at 2Sc lb.
 Fruit Meats, Vegetables, etc. Telephone.
 T. Hv N oEGhroPs
 965 Grand Avenue.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28

, It is quite task to get license to sell liq- uor in Florida. A man who wants to go into the liquor business there must first get 300 signatures to his application, and this list must be published in the county nswspa- per. He then goes before the court, where strict inquiry is made as to his character. If his applicationis is approved he pays license fee of $450, which is equally divided by the State, the county and the town.
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
9ledfIa1.
CLAIRV N.

THE true test of merit is the power to satisfy all 1 callers. This is possessed in truly remark able degree by the gifted business test and healing medium, Mrs. J. J. CLARK, 22S Crown street. All who visit her are loud in her praise. Her herbal remedies to purify and enrich the blood are worth their weight in gold. Hours day and evening. Sie- tings $i. Exauinations by lock of hair g. Mag netic treatment. ape DIR. MARY J. WRIGHT,
 CLAIRVOYANT,
 Permanently located at the
 TOnline Hotel, Room 46h. Pri.
 vatc Entrance for Ladies.
 Dr. Wright is the only one who accurately predict the future. ap23
Morning journal and courier., 1888-04-28
75c HENRIETTAS.

Six pieces All Wool Black Henriettas, 46 inches wide, at 75c per yard. This is a fine quality and worth $1 per yard. Just examine these goods before you buy a black dress.