davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
Negroes vs.. Chinese.

California, which has experimental
with the Chinese and every other form
OF cheap labor, is about to try the negro.
The Pacific Coast has always suffered
from lack of sufficient labor and from
the high prices demanded. The Chi
nese were imported to supply the de-
ficiency, and did we'll for a time, but the
Californians soon sickened of them, and
the great aim OF California politics for
years has been to get rid of them.
1t is now proposed to try the Southern
negroes instead. The movement, in
deed, has already begun, and several
cargoes of negroes have been shipped to
the slope, mainly from the Southern At
lantic States
This emigration movement did not
seem to please either the farmers,
whose labor was thus being taken away
from them, or for that matter, the ne
grOes themselves, for large number of
them escaped en- route, and the con-
tractor VINO had them in charge was
finally compelled to nail up the cars to
prevent them escaping in body.
We cannot say that we think the fate
OF these negroes promising. They are
scarcely likely to do we'll in competition
with the cheap labor of the Chinese.
The CALIFORNIA; seem to be anxious to
get some inferior labor to do their work.
and evidently " hanker' after the coolie
system prevailing in the Hawaiian Is
lands, just opposite them.
There is, indeed, much resemblance to
the coolie business in the shipment of
these negroes to California. They are
locked up in the cars to prevent their
escape, are not allowed to converse with
any one for fear that they might desert,
and are hurried off-where, they do not
know
The United States has prohibited the
importation of contract labor from foreign
countries; it connot, of course, interfere
in this contract labor between the several
States. Such system, however, should
be frowned down and prevented as far as
possible. Interstate immigration is one
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
Police court.
WEDNESDAY. Mar.

WEDNESDAY, Mar. 10th.
All Hong charged with assault and
battery on All Fonk, was discharged.
A nolle pros was entered against
Hiram Sanders charged with forgery.
Manliha, charged with selling spirit
uous liquors without license, was re-
manded to the 18th.
Kahaulelio, for assault and battery on
Pahua wv was fined 81, with So costs.
Michael Voon was fined So, with 81
costs, for drunkenness. Parks for the
same offense forfeited Sc.
Sam All Lin was charged with keeping
a gambling house, and also with having
opium in possession. He was remanded
to the 18th on both charges.
CIVIL CASES.
Wilder & Co. VS.. Ing Chon. Two cases
of assumpsit. Judgment for plaintiff in
both cases, with costs.
Sohn D. Holt, tax collector, VS.. A. N.
Kunuikea. Assumpsit for taxes S., $50
for 1887. Defendant called and defaulted.
John D. Holt, tax-collector, VS.. w. F.
Sanatt. Assumpsit for taxes $61.70 for
1887. Settled.
John D. Holt, tax-collector, VS.. John
E. Bush. Assumpsit for taxes ST.. so for
1887. Defendant called and defaulted.
John D. Holt, tax-collector, VS.. B. T..
White. Assumpsit for taxes $21.45 for
1887. Settled.
John D. Holt, tax-collector, VS.. Yates
& Mackenzie. Assumpsit for $51.97 for
taxes. Settled.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
The Wreck Of the 5. San Psblo.. >,

The following news respecting the
San Pablo was received by the City of
Picking last Saturday:
NAGAsAKI, April 23.--The captains
statement with regard to the loss of the
San Pablo is that on Monday evening
the vessel ran into thick fog; that he
kept the ship on her course, though pre-
cautions were taken to keep continually
sounding; that on Tuesday morning at
half-past three the San Pablo struck
sunken rock ten miles north of Turn
about; that it was impossible to back
the ship off as two holds and the coal
bunkers were filled with water, and
there was danger of the vessel capsizing
1t was then decided that it was hopeless
TO attempt to save the steamer or her
cargo, consequently the passengers and
crew took to the boats and made for
Turnabout Lighthouse, whence they
were conveyed to Shanghai in the stmrs.
Menelaus and Pechili. Hundreds of
Chinese came off to loot the steamer,
and were only kept from boarding her
by the use of firearms and the fire.
pumps. The looters, however, boarded
the San Pablo as soon as she was aban-
do ed and shortly after she was seen to
be on fire fore and aft.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
T H E
THURSDAY 4:
INTEROCEANIC CANALS.

Lieutenant Commander. Stockton of
the United States Navy has prepared for
the bulletin of the American Geological
Society an article entitled Commercial
Geography OF the American Interoceanic
Canal" He thinks that the canal
would still leave the bulk of the Hawa-
iian trade with the Pacific Coast, but
that the surplus of Hawaiian sugar
would go to New York through the
canal. The Australian Colonies proper
will be tue meeting point for the Euro
pean trade coming by the American and
the Suez Canals with certain advan-
tages, at first in favor of the latter. The
trade of the Atlantic States with those
Colonies will go through the trans
isthmian canal, and wool of Australia
should 90 to the Atlantic Coast in ex-
change for cotton fabrics, hardware, pc
troleum and machinery. He also ex-
poets the wheat exports from the Pacific
Coast to reach Europe via the canal.
In addition to the breadstuffs, wine,
lumber, wool, canned salmon and other
staples of the Pacific Coast, many of
the products of the waters and islands
of the Pacific will be collected in San
Francisco and sent eastward through
the canal. The fur, seal and whale fish
cries are important industries. Devel
opment will be accelerated simultan-
eously in the three great physical sec
tons designated as the Atlantic and Pa
cifc Slopes and the Mississippi Valley.
Stockton expects, upon the heels of this
enormous domestic development, for
eign commerce unequaled in our histo ry
and perhaps IN the history of the world.
The expansion of ordinary domestic and
coasting traffic between the Atlantic and
the Pacific can readily be foreseen; but
it must further be borne in mind that
the center of density of population is
surely approaching the great continental
valley of the Mississippi and that this
dense interior population will not only
furnish great market for imports, but
will supply for expectation a constantly
increasing volume of products which
must pass by the long water route
through that valley and by the way of
the canal, without transhipment, to all
the countries on the Pacific.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
LOST.

A LADY HAND-SATCHEL, FITHER ON NUU-
IA road Beretania street, contai nj g
money and papers. The finder will be suitably
rewarded by delivering same at Hewett's store
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17

thing, and the trade in laborers, locked
up in cars and practically imprisoned for
weeks, is quite another. And we are not
surprised that both the farmers OF Georgia
and the Carolinas, and the negroes in
whom the contractors for the Pacific
Slope are dealing, should object to this
new system of slavery.-[N. o. Times
Democrat,
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
One of the Secrets OF the Chinese
Question.

One of the Secrets OF the Chtmese
Question.
EDITOR P. G. A.: "For ways that are
dark and tricks that are vain the
heather Chinee is peculiar" The above
lines from Bret Hart come forcibly to
me in reading the illusions from Ho
Fong and Lau Chong. One can obtain
Chinaman in these communications, so
bland and pleading and cunning. The
very worst thing about the Chinese mer-
chants here is that their whole business
ia a secret; no one knows anything
about them. All they ask is to be left
alone. They have their secret societies;
no one knows what they are or what
they do. Question them close, they will
tell you anything but the truth. l am
satisfied that the Chinese merchants,
with their secret societies, control the
whole of the coolie class in the King
dom, and no other nation can do the
same [ we'll recollect some time ago
a ship coming here from China with 900
coolies on board the planters at the
time were complaining for more labor,
but not one of them would ship. They
were housed and fed and kept back for
high wages by the Chinese merchants
and their secret societies. And so it
will always be until Government and
people step in and make laws and take
the whole business out of their hands.
Let us just look at the advantage Chi
nese traders have over other traders in
Honolulu. There are in the islands, say
from 10000 to % 900 coolies, all subject
to and controlled by the Chinese mer-
chants and their secret societies. Now,
that whole number trade directly and
indirectly with the Chinese merchants
in Honolulu-they will trade with no
one else-not like other nationalities,
who trade wherever they like Then
another thing Every spare dollar that
Chinaman saves goes to China. 1t
can safely be said that every Chinaman
in this country is here working for
China and nothing else. That is one
here China takes nothing from US but
our money; we export nothing there
but many thousands of dollars in hard
cash every year. The game is too much
one-sided.
[ think the Government would be
doing nothing but an act of pure justice
to the whole country if they would pass
law to put high duty on everything
that comes from China. 1t would bal
ance things little at any rate.
Just take walk around town of an
evening, some of you lovers of China
men. Go through every street and
count the stores. will wager a hat you
find thirty Chinese stores to one of all
other nationalities put together. Does
not that show you at once that there is
something wrong in Denmark? If there
is not something done, and soon too, for
fixing up this Chinese business this
country in less than five years will be
second Singapore-that is to say, only
two or three large business houses, with
all the white mechanics an traders gone
"where the woodbine twineth" IF the
Chinaman is not curse to country,
why does America and Australia pass
laws to keep them out. Another thing
for Christians to ponder upon, what a
state society is in here-twenty men or
more to one woman? And still the cry is,
"Give us more ChinamenW
JUSTICE.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17

The funeral of D. L. Aphart took
place yesterday afternoon, the remains
being taken to Pauoa VALLEY. The Royal
Hawaiian Band and Chinese band,
with about fifty carriages filled with
Chinese, joined in the procession. Mem
bers of China Engine Co. No. were
also present.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
CORRESPONDENCE.

We do not hold ourselves responsible for the
statements made, or opinions expressed by ou1
correspondents.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
Notice to Creditors.

THE UNDERSIGNED GIVES NOTICE THAT
i he has this day been appoint executor of
the last will and testament OF Walter Murray
Gibson, late OF Honolulu, deceased. All perso
having any claims against the estate of said
deceased, whether secured by mortgage or other
wise, are notified to present the duly veri-
fed and with proper vouchers, if any exist, to
the undersigned at his Office in Honolulu within
six months from this date, they will be for
ever barred. All persons indebted to said estate
are requested to make immediate payment.
j. S. WALKER,
Executor Estate W. NJ. Gibson.
Honolulu, March 9Th, 1888.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-05-17
NOTICE.

WAILUKU, May 10, 1888
THE UNDERSIGNED, NOTIFY PERSONS
e that have watches in my possession to come
am claim them within 30 days from now, or
shall take full possession of them all.
A. A. DOIRON,
I'm Matchmaker, Waikiki.
Skaffaren. (St. Paul, Minn. ;) 1885-1895, 1888-05-09

sas i ar mindre hvete din flor dels "a
grund af v8rens sena intrade och dels
pa grund af fruktan for "chinch
bugs. nora delen torde hvetearea-
len blifva nagot storre an f0rlidet ar.
Stitt,OGter-nylteter: Senator Sabin
ligger understanding med kapitali-
ster 0stern for att forma dem att
har anlagga EFT omfattande faktori for
byggandet af jernvagsyagnar. Det
antages att ett bolag skall komma till
stand, som kan inkopa Northwestern
Car Companys byggnader och att mil
lioner dollars kapitalal kommer att
anvandas. - Da T. Curtis var be-
grepp att k0ra ofver jernvagen, fem
mil ifran staden, kom ett tag framru-
sandes, hvarvid hasten dodades och
vagnen krossades i spillror. Hr G. ka-
stades till marken och erh0Il allvar-
samma skador, men lyckligtv;s ej lifs-
farliga. Det CALLER att SO upp vid
railroad crossings" Vattenstan-
det i st. Croix-sjon har ej varit sa
h0gt sedan ar 1881, som det Dir nu.
Skaffaren. (St. Paul, Minn. ;) 1885-1895, 1888-05-09

upptacka bacillen till denna smart cpl
demiska sjukdom, wore onekligen en-
vardig uppgift for en- samhallslakare
och kunde han So afven finna EFT mot
gift, gjorde han sig sannerligen val
f0rtient af mensklighetens erkansla.
Skogselddr rasade fora veckan i
Mexican CO. Pennsylvania. Swamp
Lodge, en- iten forstad till staden Ka-
ne, ladies' totalt aska En- mangd med
petroleum fylda fastager forstordes.
F0rlusten var mycket stor.
Skaffaren. (St. Paul, Minn. ;) 1885-1895, 1888-05-09
FRAN SKOLANS VERLD.
cusTAvUs ADoLPHUs COLLEGE

Sasom f0rut tillkannagifvlts, afslu
tas varterminen vid Gust. Ad. Col
lsge med offentlig examen onsdagen
<den l6 maj. 0fningarna, hvartill sko
lans winner och gynnare fran mar och
fjarran aro hjartligt inbjudna att mar.
vara, fortga mellan XII lO-12 f. m. och
s2-4 Q. m. Vanner! Kommen och
lyssnen SAINT salunda tagen reda uppa,
hvad skolan duger till!
Pa qvallen XII. haller teologie dok-
tol II. w. Roth fran Chicago, forut
president for Thiel College, EN- forelas-
ming 0fver amnet: The Golden Rule in
its Relation to Strikes. Dessutom kom-
mer god musk och sang att erbjudas
af prof. T. Norman och koren.
F0ljande dag den II Or studenternas
dag eller commencement Denna
festlighet tager sin b0rjan XII. 2 Q. M,
hvarunder vidfogade program kommer
att genomgas:
&ssMuslc.......... Observation-Disclosures.
2. Reading of Scripture & Prayer.
o. ChOrus ....... ...........................
4. Grafton: The Battle for Bread. G. e. HULT
8. Defamation: ''Sallskapslifvet" "..........
......................'.. A, f. LUNDQvIST
9. Essay: This Beauty and Utility of tie
Engl. Language. ALICE GREEN
z. Grafton: VILLAIN dr. visdomens moder....
............. .............. SWAN JOHNSON.
8. Music. COLLEGE ORCHESTRA.
9. Grafton: The Power of Music. c....
O.. E. SEAEHnRE-
TO- Defamation: "Esaias Tegner" ..........
................. y. r. EDBJIOM.
IL. Essay: The Ancient Britons. IDA PETERSON.
IL. Grafton: Indianens klagsn mot den Invite.
C. o. SCHoBERG.
10. Chorus................ MALE CHOIR.
IA. Essay: Anna Maria Lenngren.. n......
........................... ESTER JACKSON.
ID. Defamation: The Painter Of Seville..
Observation-Disclosures. LIZZIE ERICKSON
16. Essay: Herrnhut ,.........C. A. RoMsTEDT
IL. Grafton; Firmness Of Char scter. ........
ID, Music ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
19,sAddress.. Prof, G. J. PETRI.
90. bened1cl1On ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
2l. Choral: 500: 6, Observation-Disclosures.
Pa qvallen samma dag den 17.halles
en- sang och musikfest i Music Hall,
hvilken fest alltsa bildar andpunkten
och afrundningen af det hela.
Skaffaren. (St. Paul, Minn. ;) 1885-1895, 1888-05-09
HocsKoLAN I MooRHEAD.

SasOm redan for tidningens lHsare
Or kandt kommer en- f0rberedande
skola att upprattas Moorhead, Mimi,
hvilkens namn skall blifva: Hope Aca.
denny. En- rymlig och andamalsenlig
byggnad har blifvit inkopt och kom-
mer strax att ist3ndsattas for skolans
bruk. En- AMMAN gang torde jag blifva
tillfalle att forevisa byggnaden och
will derf0r har endast tillagga: Huset
Dir 50x120 och tire vaningar h0gt utom
kallarvaningen och kostade sadant
det star nagot 0fver $4,000. Priset,
s~aa vi betalte, var $4,275. Att denna
egendom nu ar var, dr. nastan gatlikt
Herren skall hafva aran, och han allie
nal Till innevanarne var lila stad
aro vi ett hjertligt tack skyldiga for
en- gafva af $1,000. Redakt0ren for
tidningen "Moorhead Daily News hr
Geo. N ,Lamphere, har isynnerhet yisat
stort intresse for saken och kraftigt
staff oss bi under hela tiden. Hon. S..
G.. Comstock, skandinavernas van,
hvilken sa kraftigt befordrade Knute
Nelson's f0rsta val till congressman i
det "blodiga 5:te' och som nu sjelf
namnes sasom en- af kandidaterna for
att intaga den af Nelson under trenne
terminer sa tillfredsstallande fylda
platsen, har och denna SAX gjort sig
f0rtjent af vart folks hagkomst och
erkannande. Herrar s. g. Comstock,
A. A. White, F. J. Burnham, III. A..
Bruins och T. G. Kurtz bidrogo med
$500 hvardera och manga af de mindre
{ 5emedlade adagalade en- icke mindre
liberalitet. Till inrednlngen, som kom
mer att kosta omkring $1,000, bidrager
var alskade van och forsamlingsmed-
lem, byggmastare J. L. Bj0rkqvist,
med den betydliga summan at $1,000
och vi nara det hopp. att vara lands
man, icke blott Red River dalen utan
0fver hela landet, villa racka oss en-
hjelpsam hand, ty vart folks framtida
val dessa nordEga trakter ar icke
ringa man beroende af hvad vi nu 60
ra for ungdomens uppfostran. Ware
nu saken Herranom anfortrodd!
Moorhead, Mimi. den maj 1888.
j. o. CAvALLIN.
ALA winner till kristlig uppfo-
stran skola sakerligen gladja sig at
Saen CODA framgang Hope Academy
ri,nt, sasom af pastor Cavallin har Of
van beskrifvits. vi Sc denna skola
en- hjelparinna i det vigtiga och hopp
gifvande uppfostringsarbetet bland
yart lutherska folk och derf0r gladja
vi oss at f0retaget. Den stora och "
ma Val, utan att det betraktas som er
'.landpuff", tillagga loftesrika Rec
River-dalen med sina talrika, tillvax
ande f0rsamlingar beh0fver just er
kristlig folkhUgskola, der allmoge1
kan erhalla en- f0rsvarlig och for lif
vets allmanna varf nodig skolbild
ming. Denna skola far ocksa en- vigti'
mission att fylla det hon tvifvelsutal
kommer att tjena som en- matare TO
G. A. College st. Peter. Det finna
alltid ungdomar hos hvilka slumrand
anlag kunna vackas. d& de komma i
i en-, sd att sHga, sund skolatmosfe
SKAFFAREN torde f& tillfalle att met
della sina skolvanner mera om denn
X6ya plantering.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-06-14
$3.50 PER YEAR.
ssAmTED ron ADULTERY.

seaopments, which would startle
lost incredulous, came to the obser.
son Of the public on Friday last Two
ing men by name William Stevens
" D. Stratton, well-known to our
IONS Of Colby, were arrested on the
ssee Of wilfully and maliciously taking
4eie Rice away from her parents, Cher
Nfnl guardians and using her for the
upose of concubinage
slt was clearly shown in the testimony
IA in the case that the charge was
Neu founded, and they were bound over
- the sum of $500 each to appear at the
District Court for Thomas county in No
nber. The testimony given by the
IN herself was pitiful indeed.
tappears to have been scheme bet
Ween the two men to ruin the girl. and
pursuing it to finish as far as their own
lustful desires were concerned, they
heaped infamy upon infamy by hiring
her out IS q prostitute.
A baser crime could not possibly ema-
nate from the vilest recesses of the brain
Of the Devil
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-06-14
Quickvllle Mevvs-

! Blow. BlowM Blow!!! but th6i
consolation, there is nothing -
fun as good pure breeze.
Last Saturday was q big
Quickville. The game of ball W.
exciting as usual. And mset
held to make arrangements for cell
the Fourth of July. Committees
pointed, and the general routine q
ness transacted that is common II
meetings. Everybody was buoyanf
our prospects for the Fourth. .
Con. McGreevey went to SEQ his
''y' Sunday and of course he missed 6l
singing. But we suppose he enja1bd III
self just the same. 3
Richard Smith. son of our land Iady II
among us again, after two months -
journ in the mountains, Dick Il one q
the boys, and We are glad TO ses III
back.
We had the pleasure of hearing e
very fine vocal music. ION the ~ q q
Anyone wishing to know moro ato1fll
will please call on r. B. Rawson,
In our ramble around the counti -
Tuesday, we had the pleasure Of
q couple Of our young friends =
were at a loss to know what mad
wear such smiles. as those felloS
generally very Respondent, but ~
ward learned that Rimby's dance
off that night. and well the -
tell the rest. 4
McGreevey and Smith took in IN
Tuesday. <
Miss Jennie Walker, of Colby,
ing Miss Ella Hutchinson this weef
The beauty, beautiful be-
bsautiestness countenance Of H
Teal, of Colby. was seen preamhV S
our streets last Sabbath, bu6
dinner in the country. Cigars, 3D. s
r. T. Hemming has returned fteu n
visit to Hugo, Colo. HE estiniti4
that country is not very resssgt5il I
We hear that things are gT6Wtl4l &
around Quickville so you would
know it was town, the streets ~ w
green. $50
Crops look splendid in this part &C ~
country, especially small grain.
is nearly ready for the harvest. 81
At Colby, next Saturday . match ~
of base ball between the Quickyilll
Colby's. Anyone wishing to ~
cigars on the game will please call
Office northeast of Quickville. and
commodated. IAN Tn
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-06-14
GEM oAssL,mos.

Well, our city is now railroad tow s5
The track-ayers went by here the
and the switches were laid the Sth. q
lation has greatly increased - the
outfit and supply trains came In o. t
Many of our citizens turned out - r
cars roll into Gem. The regular tBl
soon be running daily. ana then our = ( ~
freight matters win b better. IS
We have had plenty Of rain THE eDe1
our county has put on its lovely forn-
grain of all kinds look well. and p61
beautiful crop. o
BY Ward has sold his farm.
o. J. Sopher starts in few days To. - -
to his friends. 8
Mr.. Peaslee has gone. M
A good span of mares to sell Ct ~ u
Front. at Gem.
Loss are in good demand at Cen. - -
is the time to buy. Do not forget the lg
and sale the s0th. I.
The Red Front is having big trado 49,
Summers Mitchell are doing aE
business.
X. 8. woodcock Is still at the Oh
loves to laugh as well ~ ever. ,lx;
BY Ward makes the anvil ring IT,
til night. ifas
Hon. c. E. Chandler made us 60
eth. &3E1*
Al Bennett and Mr.. shrimp. n
ladies, were at Gem the 10th, l001
town and country. Come again
gentlemen, you are always weIco0
I'd. Paine and wife were out 1t Go
on the l0th.
Everbody seems to be happy.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-06-14
meteorological Record.

s. For the month ending May 81, 1883,
observed at section 26. township 8, range
"a Sherman county, Kansas.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-06-14
ADVERTISED LETTERS.

Letters remaining IN the Colby Post
Office for the week ending May 8, 1888
Elliott. Hugh; Griffith. j. R.; High
man. ]. T.; Hales. Joseph; Jones,
Samuel H.; Kinney. Nelson 8. Lebegus.
Henry; Murphey. Chastette; Moss. E. W;
Newdill, j.; Simonsen. F.: Snarts, Miss
Annie; Wolf. Clarence NJ.
Parties calling for the above letters will
please say advertised"
cent due on each on the above for
advertising. JAMES n. FIKE, P. NJ
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-06-14
HARRY MOVER.

HARRY MOVER,
MANUFACTURES OF BOOTS Z SHOES
M An tie lateet styles In pe1Eed ana seued
81 nen1Hexeeueed. 6ey1nG G011lpR
n1yoa1a 90 oIfs1eS = the bne1ono6sI( 1 -