St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1888-09-15
MODERN sHoE.MAkiMc.


I MODERN SH0E.haAkiNc.
I aev rees-wSsr 4 1s.ssr.es.a - c.sv'
JA.s,. ~ Ar-nOo GsIhiAPry.
Nearly all the shoes manufactured al
1he p1esent tilke ~ constructed by ma
chinery. As in other mechanical indus
ltises steI old-time 1sstkod, by which
ss9 S(iaE q he 8e !5Is . t6s s.iscS,as ,
Of the uprcr leather, has been aban-
doned for .theSyatan thaaSives to every
person employed some small part only
of the taskt6 be perfofimed. Perchance
II xill not be embarrassing to review In
detail the process by which pair Of
mems foOt-cOverings is evolved FROM
the original leather. The material en-
plOyetl may be calf-skin. buff leather.
grain or split. Buff leather is ordinary
COW skin, with the rough outside ground
Of it by buffing wheel. Frequently
the hide il sliced with knife into two
layers, the outer one next to the hair
being called the grain and the inner one
the split. The latter makes an excel
lent quality Of leather, while the former
has the great advantage Of being water
proof. 49,
First, the operator in the cutting.
room places the thickest Of cOwhides-'
previously chopped into long strips. Of
q width just equal to the length Of The
shoe dcsircd-On table beneath saecl
die. which desccnds at brief intervals
and cuts out a series Of perfect soles. as
the material Is showed along by the
practiced hand Of the workman. An
other man chops out in like manner the
various pieces for the ''upper." using
for this purpose dies that are manipu-
lated by hand, with mallets to strike
them with. But all really fine good.
are cut out by hand entirely, the expert
employing brass-edged patterns around
which he runs keen knife-blade. tn,
upper is almost invariably in three
pieces, instead of six, rs formerly. In
this scrappy condition the upper Of the
contemplated boot Is sent 70 the stitch
ing department., where it is put to-
gether by girls with sewins-machinss
Of massive construction. especially
adapted to this sort of work. The max.
ing Of buttons and buft0n-holes, lining,
ETC., all comes under the head Of stitch
ing. This performed, the shoe that il
to be goes to the laster. whose part oi
the task is perhaps more important To
its success than that allotted to any one
else. In big factories the lasting il
done by . ''tcam" Of men. Number
one takes the wooden last and tacks
the in-sOle upoa IL, passing II over
thereupOn to number two, who stretches
the upper over the last and tacks il so
as TO hold. Number three lays the outer
sole over the in-sole, and secures it
with lasting tacks. The shoe. thus fixed
in shape, Is next sewn to-
gether by machine. and the sole is finally
attached with pegs or screws. 1t is "a
wonderful thing to see the mechanical
devised for this purpose eO
over the bottom Of boot with an end
'essi siwire screw in its jaws, putting in
pegs wherever needed. never
.OO long and never too short, until, one
hoe b completed and thrown aside for
the whole operation being
rome through from beginning 10 end
Now the job b taken
" by the hecler, who .affixes
he heel already prepared by a
ingle stroke of . machine
while a knife is whirlesl
'round almost simultaneously and cuts
10 new attachment cleanly to the
'rQpar shape. Thb done. the pr6duct.
low nearly finished. goes to a person
mo- :blaclts the edges Of the s6le and
EEL The Anal touches are aadcd by
Asrtist who Furnishes the same parts
nth AN oscillasin9 wheel, and the
hoes, are. ready for the market sSuch
J the process BY which nearly all the
hoes made in New. Ragiand are turned
ut 1t il a curious fact. by the way.
Ass ths shoes made lDr selling in this
art of The country have much lower
,steps thaa. those seuA 70 the South.
eople here possessing feet bu slightly
rched-a symptOm Of physical degen-
ration. Il Il said. The manufacturer
} Obliged. in fact. TO produce q boot If
pecial shape for every small section. Of
ae country supplied by him, and it is
',ite the usual thing 70 send around
gents to the retailers. to secure the
OF the local pedal ex-
'emfties in such and such . township.
ON which general average Is figured
ut and lasts designed accordingly
'ostoN Cor. Chicago Ttibssss.
Valuable Archaeological Fiads.
Arch2olOgists have been unusually
,rtunate in their late work. Herr
chick, Mt Jerusalem, has Just lighted