Morning journal and courier., 1888-07-14

1OOO, auu Guo IOurbu III 1OOl, put uOb uDt1I May 18th, 1907, under patents from James l., to the London company, was there made (at Jamestown, Va.), the first English settle ment in America. Sir Humphrey Gilbert's death in 1593 had voided the patents of 157S. The debasement, conviction and at- tainder of Raleigh had annulled the Eliza bethan grants of 1884. In strict truth France by formal entry and actual settle ment had acquired undoubted right of pos- session, and in 1904 owned, under her Lieu tenant General De Monts, all of discovered North America north of what had been al ready claimed by the more enterprising ad- venturers of the then prosperous and mighty Spain.
 ROMANTIC HISTORY.
 Behind this dim time these splendid shores possessed romantic history. There seems to be growing conviction in the minds of those who delve among such fascinating lore that the ancient Norsemen were frequent visitors to these regions, and indeed to lands much further to the south. Discoveries at differ ent points in Maine show that habitations of stone and brick were erected half 8 thousand years before the settlement by De Monts; and credible Scandinavian writers assert that the old stone mill now standing at Newport must have been built by Norsemen long be- fore the English settlement of America. Undoubtedly Biarne and his followers knew
  There can hardly be question that the three adventurous sons of Eric explored it in the eleventh century. Gudrida, the fair bride of Thorfn, certainly followed her own glow ing dreams, and accompanied her bold lord to the enchanting countless islands, coves and inlets of our northern coast. Then there was the voyage of John and Sebastian Cabot in 1497, in which many of the islands about Newfoundland were visited, and the entire American coast from Labrador to Flor ida closely cruised and scanned. Jaques Cartier, the French navigator, under orders of Charles V. of France, sailed from St. Malo in the spring of 1534, touched New foundland, penetrated the Ss. Lawrence, dis covered Canada and took possession of his country in his kings name. Gosnold; an English navigator, visited Maine in 1902, and the next year Martin Firing, of Bristol, England, explored the Penobscot and other rivers and bays to the southwest, bringing (to England) f'the most exact account ot the coast that had ever come to hand" So toe there is every reason to believe that fisher men of different European nations had, dur ing the entire fifteenth century and for g long period earlier, cast their nets and lines from Cape Cod to Cape Bauld, precisely as they do today. Scavelet, an old French mariner and fisherman, had made more than forty voyages to the Bay of Canseau, which lies between Nova Scotia and Cape Breton
  French Baron de Levy undertook to form a settlement on the shores of this bay in 1516. France, under the Marquis de Ia Roche, made Sable Island penal colony in 1898; and there was record in 1579 that one hun. dred Spanish, fifty or sixty Portuguese, thirty to fifty English, and fully one hun dred and fifty French sail, then annually came to our American and Canadian fishing grounds of to day to take cod and whale.
 ENGLISH AND FRENCH CONTESTS.
 From the time of De Mont's discoveries and settlements in 1604 and the adventures of Weymouth along the Maine shores in 1905, the activity of the English and French for precedence and supremacy, not only in the territory and along the coasts of old Acadia but along the entire American coast and the shores of the St. Lawrence, was continually increased. Grants, patents and privileges were continually issuing. The Virginia magistrates authorized Captain Ar. gal to expel the Acadian French at Port Roy al. This was done in 1913. Possession of the whole New England coast-line, as well as of Canada, was wrenched back and forth by contending colonists until the treaty of St. Germain in 1632, which again gave Acadis to the French and reduced it's confines tc those of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and that part of Maine east of the Kennebec though claim to the latter was always vigor-
 
 English colonists. Then came a quarter century of struggles between the govern ment of Massachusetts and the Maine colo nists for absorption by the former and de fence by the latter, interspersed by Indian wars in which contending colonists made common cause. Protector Cromwell ordered the reduction of Acadia, under cover of an expedition against the Dutch in Manhadoes. and entirely subjugated it in 1854. Then the English held Acadia thirteen years when it was resurrendered to the French un, der the treaty of Breda in 1867, withou5 ang specification as to boundaries. It's frs 2c- tive French Governor was M. de Bourg, whC was followed by Mons. Denys. Under thu Iatter's administration the French built fortl throughout Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and as far west as the Penobscot and helt possession until that brilliant buccaneer anC Wreeker under James IT., Sir William Phips recaptured it in 1890, on his way to his mem 1 orable defeat by the French at Quebec, who's consequent endorsements to the New Eng l land colonies led to the first issuance of pa per money in America in the form of "bill | of credit for forty thousand pounds, put il circulation the same year by the Genera | court of Massachusetts. At the treaty o Rysmic in 1897 Acadia was again resigned t ! France, and western boundary stoutl, claimed as far as the Kepnebec. But il l 17O9-10 it's final conquest occurred in tn | capture or 1OTU bOYdl luOW AuuApOl1SJ DI ! the expedition from Boston, under Genera I Nicholson of Virginia and his adjutant-9ene ral, Samuel Vetch, noted figure in provin cial trade and politics, who was appointed Enelish Governor of Nova Scotia, whicl now became the final Acadia eff provincial | and poetic history. Frora that day to this i ! has remained a British possession.
 But from the frst-down through discov cry, buccaneering, reprisal, wars of Euro | baro SnrAhIV intensified 1 worse wars of religious zealots and the aw | fuI Indian wars without number; through 1 the epoch when French and English adven l turous noblemen built and defended her and there mimic principalities and sustained tawdry courts; through the desperate rival ries of La Tour and D'Aulnay; the les | courtly but more blunt and vigorous diplo macies, governings, up-buildlngs and spolis tions of Vetch and Phips and Gorges; tn l idyliic romances of the Castines; the bigote 1 potherings of the Puritans; past valer of pi | oneers and heroism of the revolution-to tn l calm and peaceful scenes of these summe shores of to day; there has been within eve l " square mile of what was once old Acadi i such luminous imning by the hand c change, such marvellous store of that whic l should glow in history's page; that, with tn ! faintest outlines of these who came an l went, and the tremendous reach of nlimitf ble tragedies in human activities before one
 vision, every object upon which the eye ma rest from Cape Elizabeth to grewsome Car Bauld, from which can be faintly traced tt silent heights of Labrador, possesses 8 hiG den life and interest, an eloquent silence ini l which there are winsome communinRs, ar
 a companionship in which there are linitlel
 sunny wanderings and zest.
 l A NEED.
 Old Portland town, just within the thres
 old of this rare region, fairly glows with
 welcome for him who will contemplate b