davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Canned Goods,

We still have few cases of Harris
lbs. Peaches at 25 cents per can.
%
Best TBS. Tomatoes at $1.35 per doz
Oatflakes at cents per ID.
Cracked Wheat, 5 cents per ID.
Oatmeal, 5
String Beans, 10 cents per can
Corn, S1.35 per dozen.
2 Tbs. Corned Beef, at "a cents per can.
10 I"
Marrowfat Peas, Is +" I"
Fine Mixed Table Nuts, 20 cts. per fb.
Blueing, 30 cents per dozen.
Potash. 8 :, per ball
Gallon Bottle Pickles, 40 cents.
Quart :" Z" 20 =
Pint &c 10 &c
Acme Sauce, 10
Pearl Grits, 81 cents per ID.
Brooms, 81 to % cents.
Magnolia Hams, II to IA cents per ID,
We have full line of imported and
domestic Olives, Olive Oil, Sauces, Cats
ups, Maple Sugar. Candy, Oranges, Lemons.
Canned Apples. Apricots, Cherries,
Peaches. Pears, Pine Apples, Asparagus.
Corn, Beans, Okra, Peas, Squash. Succo.
ta6h, tomatoes, Devilled Grabs, Lo obSters,
Mackerel Goldfish, Oysters, Salmon,
Shrimps. Sardines, imported and domestic.
Potted and Devilled Meats. Condensed
Milk.
Also tull line Of Farinaceou's Goods.
Wheat Flakes, Oatf1akeg, Cracked
Wheat, Sage. Tapioca, Oatmeal, Grist,
Rice, Barley, Beans, Peas.
Yeast Cakes, Crackers. Macaropi, Yer
micelli, Mushrooms, Macedones, Prunes
Raisins. Currants, Citren, Soap. Starch
Cheese. Lard, Ba :an, Hams, Salt, Candles,
Gelatine, Flavoring Extracts, Soda, Bak.
ing Powders, Cream Tartar, Chocolate,
Cocoa, &c.
Rricl; Bath, Szovs Polish, Vinegar
Snuff Tobacco, CT sars, Cigarettes, Paper
and Paper Bags. Butter Trays, rWine,
Oil Grain, Hay, Bran, Shorts, and in fact
everything that can be found in hrst-
class Grocery House.
All of which we offer at prices which
DEFY competitors.
The prices we name are retail.
We viii make special prices to whole-.
sale buyers
nnWRll QN9nGn
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
AProIifc Cow.

Dir. Purefoy of this city has a
grade jersey COW 4 years old, that
now has her fourth calf, having been
almost constantly in milk since her
first calf.
She is fine mixer and itch
butter COW. The first two calves
were males and the last two females,
had it been otherwise, at the same
rate of increase her progeny would
have sumbered at least two more if
not three land yet there are those
who still stick TO the scrub
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Married,

Onsthe 10th inst, at Hickory, N.
G., Mf. J. II. Aiken to Miss Matte
Robinson. all of Hickory. Mr..
Aiken is a popular young man of
Hickory, and a brother of Mr.. Will
Aiken. foreman of the CITIZEN of
ffep
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Mems Furnishing Goods.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

LARGER DAILY AND WEEKLY CIR
CULATIoN IN WESTERN NORTH CARO-
LIMA AND EAST TENNESSEE THAN ANY
OTHER PAPER. CONSTANTLY INcREAs-
ING
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Ruck1en,s Arnica salve.

The best SalYe in the world fer cuts, bruises
sores, ulcers, rheum, fever sores, tetter,
chapped hands. chilblains, corns, and all skin
eruptions, and positively cures piles, or no pay
equi red. 1t is guaranteed to give perfect
atisfsction, or money refunded. Prica25 cts
or box For sale oY q. q. LYONS. daw
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
s'The old red bandana,
Oh, long may it wave" &c.

Miss Nellie LaBarbe's millinery,
No. 8 Moth Main street. is the at-
traction just now, for the time
never has been when the ladies did
not find out where the prettiest and
most tasteful things, for ornament
or for use. And what one lady of
taste and judgment approves is
adopted as the proper thing. And
Miss Nellie La Barbe's proves to be
the place to fix the taste.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
WaYnesvIIIe CourIer.

Official paper of Haywood county, N.
G. A live Democratic Home Journal.
Devoted to the material interests of Wes-
tern North Carolina. Best advertising
medium west of Asheville.
Franz M. VANcIL, Editor,
diff Waynesviile, N. @.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Fine Shoes.
deod5.
n. REpwoop Co

Fine Shoes.
deod5. Fl. REDwooD & Co.
Gents Goods at half price, at N.
Public Square. div
Cali at the Farmers Warehouse on
North Main street and see some cheap
Sewing Machines.
W. II. Littleton, practical inachinist
Is there to repair, sell OF buy Sewing
Machines call on him and get your
needles. oil and parts.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

A number of new things lately receiy.
ed, and many more expected selec-
tions OF former partner of our Mr.. III.
Redwood, now in New York.
deod5t H. RKDWooD & Co.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

DROPOSAES
For New school building.
On ind alter Monday, june 25. plans and speei
ieations Of the proposed new school building can
be seen 1T the residence Of Mr.. E. w. Burkholder
same will be received by the School ommittce
up to and until Monday, July 2, m. The COM
mittee reserves the right to reject any and all
bids WIN. w. WEST, Chairman,
jun2edaE1w
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
zinc Pasturare.

For COWS, one miie north of Court
Square, on Beayerdam road. Apply to
G. S. COOPER,
div corner Haywood and Flint sts.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
CarmicIlneI,a .Choiee coIorne.

Fragrant and lasting. put up in quarts,
pints and half-pints, manufactured only
by w. G. CARAlcHAEL,
diff 20 S. Main street
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Send yoer JOB Work of all kinds to tie
Citizen Office, If you a0Gat IL done neatly,
eheaply and sVitk dispatch.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
SYruO of Figs.

Is Natures own true laxative. 1t is the most
easily taken, and the most effective lemedy
known to Cleanse the System, when Bilious or
Costive; to dispel Headaches, Colds, and
Fevers; to Curc Habitual Constipation, Indiges-
ton, Piles, etc. Manufactured only by the
California Fig Syrup Company, San Francisco,
y -. For sale by H. II. Lyons
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Arrival and Departure of Passenger
Trains.

ristown st 6:1S .. m
TENNESSEE Arrives at 125lD. m, Rnd leaves At
1:SS p M Arrives at 9:4I p. M, asld leaves Tor
Spartanburg at 949 D. m.
SPARTANBURG-Arrives at a. NJ; leaves for
Morristown at $40 a. m. Freight accommodation
leaves Ashevine at $40 m, and arrives at 900
p m.
wAYNEsvILLE--Leaves Asheville at 500 m,
and arrives at 4:5O o. M
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
EGeot or q Change OF water.

At this season when people are travel
ing for pleasure, they wonder at the dis
ordered condition of the bowels. In the
majority of these cases its due to change
of water. Take DIR. Biggers' Huckleberry
Cordial.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
One Price Store.

A large and very attractive line OF
Mems, Boys and ChiIdren's Suits rang
ing from low priced goods to something
very fine.
Measures taken for A. Raymond & Co,
New York Tailors, and fit guaranteed.
Samples now ready for inspection,
:-.AIl-Wool Dress Goods of the popular
fabrics in great vasiety, also Satines, Per-
Gales, Dress GiughGm0, WINS, Prints, &c.
Dress Silks in the new Weayes, Ria
danes, Satins, Velvets and Pushes.
Carpets, AT Squares, Smyrna Rugs,
Oil-Cloths, Mattings, Curtain Goods in
great variety. Damasks, Towels, Napkins
Coverlets, Blankets, &c.
ZiegIer Bros, Merriam & Tyler's,
Morgan Bros and Stokley's Shoes for
iade miss and children.
Banister's and Ziegier's Fine Shoes for
men.
Packard d Growers celebrated $3.50
and az s." Shoes for men, and q simi-
lar grade for boys.
Derby Hats, fix Hats, Soft Hats, and
Steamer Hats.
Wool and Gauzs Underwear, Hosiery,
Kid Fabric Gloves, Collars and Cuffs,
Ruchings, Scarf, Ties, Ribbons Corsets,
Buttons, Braids, and Fancy Goods and
9mallwares generally.
ParasoIs. Umbrellas, Fans, Shopping
Bags, Club Satehels, Trunks, &c.
Mems Furnishing Goods.
Cassimeres, Coatings. Tweeds. Ken
lucky Jeans, Domestics, &c.
II. Redwood & Co.,
Nos. 4 o Patton Avenue.
mar23dtf
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Especial Dispatch to Asheville Citizen
SYLVIA, N c, June %.

y y n, " = VAL1O 70.
A. B. Dills, the slayer of BumGar-
ner, surrendered to the authorities
last night, and is now safe in Web
stersiail. H.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
IlFS. HARGAN & GAHCHBLL
"EEJCEf In Eagle Block, 81 .Bafn 81.
ASHEVILLE, NJ. G

Compound Oxygen inhaled, IN connection
vita medGdted Bals2m VapOr, cures tonSump-
ton, Asthma, Bronchitis, Nas..l Catarrh, Sore
Throat. Loss Of Voice, Diseases olthe Liver ana
Kidneys, Bladder, Ind al! diseases depending on
npare or Impoverished blood.
II cIres lthrCmntism when everything else
ais,
AsHEvILLE, y. c., January 1888.
In justice to ell similarly afflicted with our.
selves as well as 10 Drs. Hargan L. GatcheIl l
voluntarily make the following statement:
My wife has suffered for several years with
severe lung trouble, continuing to grow worse
nntit last November when she was unable to sit
up but part of each day.
No appetite, night swea;s, severe cough and loss
OF flesh. The best physicians of Poultney, Yer
mont. advised an immediate deparCl re South
We reached Asheville November 18th, and COM
menced taking treatment OF Dcs. H9rgan and
Gatchell, inha.ing Compound Oxygen and Bal
sam VapOr. My wife has improved rapidly from
the first. Her appetite is good, sleeps we'll
coughs but litte raises less night sweats ceased;
no pain anywhere, takes long walks and climbs
the mountains with little fatigue and has gained
b lbs. in weight We feel certain another months
treatment will affect permanent cure. AZ for
myself 1 am delighted to state that improved
rapi ily from the first treatment and am nearly
we'll
/ nave suffered for IS years almost beyo d
endurance with the worst form OF Piles.
had abandoned all bOpe of relief. The Drs
treatment has been gent and almost painless
still has Effected a cure for nc.
Yours respectfully,
A J. SMITH
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
DII.Ls sURRENDERs.

The slayer of Bumgarner Now Safe
in Webster Jail.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
New goods arriving almost daily.

New goods arriving almost daily.
deod5t H. REDWOOD & Co.
Tict cts bought. sold and exchanged, at
8 N. Public Square. div
Clothing for hot weather at bottom
figures. II. REDWOOD & Co.
deed5t
Mrs. Ayers New Life, Paine's Celery
Compound, and Scotch Oats Essence are
among the new remedies just received by
w. C. CARMICHAEL,
Apothecary
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Mr.. and Mrs Smith are living in town and cal
s . ify and add To tho above.
HOME TREATMENT,

We Manufacture the Compound Oxygen, and
saip il to all parts of tue country, even to the
PaciK Coast. We send apparatus aud chemicals
Ola5 Two months for Sl2. This is as valuable
Esthe Office treatment.
The wonderful curative results obtained with
mis-. reatment is astonishing even to US.
II 1u 1Uish TO learn more This treatment and our
;HccEsS In The cure Of Chronic Diseases IOrie or call
or ''UStTdted book erp5dintng treatment free.
DRS. HAUGyN dE GATCHELL,
u Main Street, Asheyille, n. C
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
New Advertisements.

MlLLINERY-Miss Nellie LaBarbe.
How TO KEEP CoOL-Max Marcus.
For RENT-apply at 127 Haywood st.
RACKET ST0RKH-Geo T. Jones & Co.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
Low figures On Fine Straw Hats.

Needles, oils and parts for any machine
-ofice at New Home Machine Co, 8 n.
Public Square. div
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Our Carriers will deliver the paper ev-
cry Morning in every part of the city to
our subscribers, and parties wanting it
will please call at the CITIZEN Office
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

A large and very attractive line OF
Mems, Boys and Children's Suits rang
ing from low priced goods to something
very fine.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

For 8, g or II months one of the neat
est and most attractive cottage homes in
the city, Z rooms, handsomely furnished
throughout, stoves IN every room, well
of pure water under shelter, stable, car
rage, coal and wood bonses all complete,
In one square Of Battery Park, good
6eighborhood. Apply at the CITIZEN
Prescriptions filed from a well kept
stock ofdrngs and chemicals, and deliver
ed free to any part Of city. Night bell
promptly y answered.
G.. CIR lAIcHAEI, Apo'heeary,
90 S. Main street,
Asheville. N. &C
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

All Wool Dress Goods of the popular
fabrics in great vasiety, also Satines, Per-
Gales, Dress Giugham9, WINS, Prints, &c
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Carpets, At Squares, Smyrna Rugs,
Oil-Cloths, Mattings, Curtain Goods in
great variety. Damasks, Towels, Napkins
Coverlets, Blankets, &c.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Dress Silks in the new Weayes, Ria.
danes, Satins, Velvets and Pushes.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Measures taken for A. Raymond & Co,
New York Tailors, and fit guaranteed.
Samples now ready for inspection,
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
SPICES.

Try our pure Spices, and you will use
no others.
oBELTSE
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

ZiegIer Bros, Merriam & Tyler's,
Morgan Bros and Stokley's Shoes for
ladies', miss and children.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

WANTfD.
A competent Gun and Lock Smith. Apply at
255E North Nam st. June q div
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

ParasoIs, Umbrellas, Fans, Shopping
Bags, Cl1b Satchels, Trunks, &c.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Wool and Gauzs Underwear, Hosiery,
Kid Fabric Gloves, Collars and Cuffs,
Ruchings, Scarfs, Ties, Ribbons Corsets,
Buttons, Braids, and Fancy Goods and
1mallwaTes generally.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Attend church this morning.
Mr.. F. P. Roberts. of Waynes~
Vile, is mt the Grand Central.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Derby Hats, fix Hats, Soft Hats, and
Steamer Hats.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Clothing, Dry Goods, Carpets, Hats,
Shoes, and Fancy Goods. at fixed and
deod5t H. REDwooD & Co.
Whittemore's Gilt Edge Shoe Dressing
is the best in the world, and the only
polish that contains oil, softens and
preserves che leather. Try it. and you
will use no other For sale By
W. C. CARMIUHARL,
Apothecary.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
THE DAILY CITIZEN

VIII be published every Mnrning Tex
eept Monday at the following rates
strictly cash
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS

EoR RENT, %
Three nicely furnished rooms to parties taking
their meals out. Convenient to good boarding
houses. Apply at 127 Haywood st.
june "a div
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Packard d Growers celebrated $3.50
and 8" Shoes for men, and SINH
lar grade for boys.
The Asheville citizen. [volume] (Asheville, N.C.) 1885-1889, 1888-06-24

Baniater's and Ziegler's Fine Shoes for
men.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1888-12-12
Gathering Elder Down.

The elder duck constitutes the
wealth, and may be said to make the
prosperity, of the Icelanders. The
three islands, Yidey, Engey, and Ahrey,
in front of the harbor not far from
Reyk ;avik, are the fayorite haunts of
the ducks. Here they pair and make
their nests every year about the begin
ming of June.
VIII the female has chosen the
place where she wishes to lay her eggs
she plucks from her plumage the
feathers which she uses to line the bot
tom and sides of her nest; then she
generally LAYS six eggs, rarely more.
During, this time the drake, like the
good ia her OF a family that he is,
ceases not for moment to keep q
watchful eve on his consoT't, and fetches
her back instantly if she gives the
slightest indication of wishing to take
q walk. O. )
The next day the owna or of the land
comes and carries away at the same
time both the down and the eggs.
The unfortunate couple, whiielso
times making stout resistance, clinging
to the clothes OF the robber with their
beaks, go oil short distance and be-
gin again: but the bondi Garmer)
comes once more, and takes the pre-
eious deposit. The indesatigable mother
goes to work anew, and this time only
part of the eggs are taken for if all
were removed from the nest, the dep
redator, in desiring too much, would
lose ALL
But this reserve is made solely as re-
CARDS the eggs, for the down is removed
once every week. and the poor mother
continues to strip herself, until she
finds herself so Eare that she has no
longer wherewithal to line the moist
hole that contains her eggs. The male,
sluatted near her, then comes to her
assistance, and he, too, strips himself
of his plumage. quality of down
that the Icelanders distinguish easily
from that of the female, because it is
white, and taken from the creature s
sides. y Youths Companion.
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1888-12-12
How the Southern Tortoise Burrows.

Here and there, but rarely perhaps
IN one amid hundred of these mounds,
we find the place where the reptile en-
tered the ground. This opening is at
once seen TO be quite separate in char
acter from the mounds which first at
tract the eye. 1t consists of clearly
defined tunnel, the sides commonly
somewhat smooth and compacted by
the energy with which the body of the
creature has baen driven through it.
The passage inclines steeply down
word, descending at an angle from
twenty to thirty degrees, then turn
ing at the depth of two or three feet
to n more horizontal position. On the
surface, little beyond this entrance,
is n heap of debris, which consists of
the sand taken from the passage a
few feet in from The opening, the pas
sage appears TO be closed by loose
material which was not elected from
the mouth of the tunnel. Although /
have been unable TO catch these tor
toises a. work, have succeeded by
tolerably safe infernces in tracing
their method of operation. When they
begin the burrow, they endeavor Mt
once to penetrate downward to the
level in which they obtain their food.
At the outset they manage, by fire.
quently backing ont of the passage and
thrusting the earth behind them in
their. retreat, to clear considerable
opening. When they have advanced
a few feet in the excavation, they
cease TO discharge the material they
excavated in their advance. Tut thrust
it behind them, and leave itlying in
the chamber, which it endrely closes.
With this storage-room provided, the
gophers are able to advance through
the earth for the distance of some yards !;
but as the earth compacted by its own
weight, by the pressure exercised
through the expansion of roots and
The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1888-12-12

In buying coal always buy the
cheapest. 1t contains more stone than
the best coal, and this you can save to
build a house.. gr.
There are afourjlinds OF children
boys, girls, whelps and brats. The
brats may be either masculine or fem
mime. II you are a parent. it is easier
to bring up your offspring AS whelps
or brats. The only training necessary
is to let them run wild as soon as they
can walk, and whale them regularly on
returning home. A thoroughly trained
whelp can pick up, its own living on
the streets at the age of six years, and
so BE- of your hands. l-Il,ft
III your front door bell is out of order
and foot or less of handle and wire is
yanked out by the caller, in his futile
endeayor To ring don't be in any hurry
to repair it, 1t may prevent the dun
from getting access to YOU with his bill.
This is also very wise precaution if
you have advertised apartments to let,
and is one often followed.
In cooking Goldfish or corned beef
and cabbage, and especially in simmer
ing any medicinal concoction like
the doors in the house and especially
your hall doors, so that if in a fiat house
all occupants shall have an olfactory
chance. Never be odorously stingy.
Flower-pots should be placed on the
window lodges where they may easily
slip off on the pavement below. Such
risks to'skull and limb Us seen by the
passers-by may remind them that in
the midst of life we are in death, and
you may therefore have become the in
direct means of suggesting to their
minds serious subject to ponder over.
The proper use Tor fire escape is to
put barrels, boxes, washtubs and the
family trash upon. When you have
so barred it up, it is far quicker in case
of fire to Jump out the window.
Butter your children's faces and
clothing, adding few bread crumbs or
molasses, and send them to play out
side the front door. This will enable
passers-by to get a good idea of your
family management and discipline
without stepping over your threshold
for further inquiry or information.
Always find fault with something at
the table, especially if your wife cooks
and caters. If the steak is well done,
announce it as dried up" If it be rare,
condemn it as raw. Never b exactly
suited with your coffee. Or if it does
suit, conceal your satisfaction and be
silent. Never praise anything. Moth
ing ruins a wife soyquicklyg as praise
from a'husband. But by rigorous and
unsparing censure you will keep her
always up to the mark and in the
traces.
Useful if not ente, tanning subjects
for refined family Mt meal times may
be found in reciting the details of some
neighbor' sickness or deathbed scene.
Typhoid fever is often good sanitary
topic for breakfast. If all the members
of the household have. some ailmen or
chronic disease, the recital of the cata-
logue of their varying symptoms of the
last twenty-fom hours will add strong
p;quant mental sauce to the breakfast
steak. and serve to re-enforce their
minds during the remainder of the day
with the thought OF their several dis
eases.