davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
Personal.

Can any of our readers give any in.
formation that will enable the under
signed to learn the present address of Mr..
Enoch G. Young and wife Mary E.
Young, who are supposed to have come
to Blue Earth county about 1873 from
Duluth. Address
w. G. McCoRD Co.,
City Hall, Des Moines, Iowa.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
$3.50
BuckIen's Arnica SaIye.

The best Salve in the world fer Cuts
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Self Rheum,
Fever Sores, letter, Chapped Hands
Chilblains, Corns, and alt Skin Erup,
tons, and positively cures Piles, or no
pay required. 1t is guaranteed to give
perfect satisfaction, or money refunded
Price 25 cents per box. For sale by ]
r. Jones.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
THE RAILROADS.
chicago .MiIwaukee . So. Paul
ChIeago . NorthWestern

WINoNA ST. PETER.
Going East Depart. Arrive
La Crosse Milwaukee s.
Chicago Day Express I2 :05p IN. l2:Ssp.m.
fla Crosse Milwaukee &
Chicago Night Express. IL :S0p. m. l2:Oop.m.
WaSeca & Rochester Ac. 2:OOp. m.
Going West
Redwood Falls, Tracy i
Huron Day Passenger .... 3:4Sp.m. &:Dpm.
tRedwOGd Falls, Water
town, Aberdeen &Pierre
Through Express. 2:lSa.m. 2:ooa m.
st. Peter, New Ulm and
Tracy Accommodation s:OOa. m. lO:2oa. N.
DAILY, Except Sunday.
. Daily. No SUNDAY train TO Redwood Fails.
Minneapolis . st. Louis Railway.
CANNON Valley
Depart. Arrive.
81. Louis, Kansas City,
81. Paul, Minneapolis,
Redwing, Faribault,
Northtield. Passenger, 2:4S p. m. l:l0 pm.
wateryille Accom-. 5:S5a. m. 12:S5 pm.
F. +. POWERS, Agent.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
liz the old saving chat if March GOMEZ

IF the old saying that If March comes
in like lion it departs like lamb is
true we may look for an early spring.
Though not cold, the sleet was disagree
able enough. Railroad reports state that
there was considerable drifting west of
this city. The cold wave seems to have
spent itself before reaching this point
unless it be only delayed.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
You sturdy oak whose branches wide
Boldly the storms and winds defy,

Not unlike the thrifty oak in its germ,
development and growth, is consump-
ton. But even this mighty foe of man
kind, positively Yields to the wonderful
curative properties of DIR. Pierce's Col
den Medical Discovery If taken early
Don't be blind to your interests and
think yours a hopeless case. This re.
markable remedy has rescued thous.
ands. OF druggists.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
Endurance of sooIaty People.

A prominent society lady of Washing
ton being asked by the Prince of Wales,
"Why is it you people here manifest 80
little fatigue from dancing, receptions,
etc. 2' replied, "Why, you see, we
Americans regain the vitality wasted in
these designations by using DR.. Harter's
Iron Tonic %
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02

-Frlnk & Richards Golden Lion
Store has complete line of new spring
goods at extreme low prices. Read
their new ad. of this issue.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
LETTER LIST.

List of letters remaining uncalled for at the
postofflce at Mankato, Minnesota for the week
ending March 2, 1888
Brandt, E A Price, e B
Davis, Lulan Smith, Lewis
Farin,C Svenson, Mr. X John
Ford, Julius Vteg, MISS Martha
Farerig, Jhon Siverson VOCAL, K w
Helthchen, Henry Westrom, Albert o
Owens, Fl O Williams, Mrs II
In calling for the above letters please say
advertised" and give date of this list. Let
tiers remaining unclaimed at the expiration OF
80 days from this date will be sent 70 the Dead
JAMES CANNON pm.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02

For Sale. at Eagle Lake, MINI.
A large store, 24x50, nearly new, and
about 81, 500 worth of general merchan-
disc. Will be sold at bargain if taken
at once. Inquire at the FREE PEEss of
fee. 276,6td sc, 3tw
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02

If you want the best sewing machine,
buy the Domestic. For sale by
1lm6 Mrs. L. 9. ScHRoEDER.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
Shirts to Order.

I have just secured the exclusive right
to use the most approved method for
cutting and manufacturing Shirts, and
am now prepared to receive orders,
Everything guaranteed first-class, and
prices reasonable
29tf J.. G. HANSEN,
Merchant Tailor. near City Hotel.
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
TRUE BLUE.

No one should miss seeing this great
war drama to be presented next Monday
and Tuesday evenings for benefit of Uni
form Rank Ksof P. It will be an enter
tainment full of exciting scenes and
funny incidents. The following is the
cast of characters:
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
UNION.

UNION.
Jake Schneider, fresh from Faderland, |
Katerina Dundergrabb, Won of der Girls,
. f. L. Hunt
Nellie Grover, True Blue =. Mrs L. z. Hunt
Nina Wayne,a Loyal Girl. Miss Alice Cheever
Harry Wayne, Capt of Scouts W.L.Comstock
Billy Black, Union Scout ..B L. Hutchinson
Colonel Wayne a planter ........ j. Williams
Uncle Ned, a Liable Niger. ..Pud Zenopolski
Gen. Mslligan, u. s. A.......... Geo. w. Mead
The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1888-03-02
CONFEDERATE aUERRILLAs.

George Grover, Guerrilla Chief. w. B. Davies
Mat Davis, Niger Driver. $500. Fred Force
Pat Piley, a Deluded Irishman. N. II. Bromley
Bill Downs, Guerrilla Scout I'd Rausch
Dan Sanford, Guerrilla. %. Andrew Under
Gen. Price, @. 3. A.. ......:. ID: +. McGraw
Tableaux-Troops, Guerrillas, ETC., Ect.
Admission 25 and 80 cents. No extra
charge for reserved seats.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
A HOPELESS CASE.
A San Antonio Cii,s en- at Deaths Door In
Danyer.

A San Antonio Citizen at Deaths Door In
Denver.
Special to the Gazette.
DENVER, Col, Missy s-Mr. D. W.
Hinkle of San Antonio, Tex, is lying at
the st. james hotel suf ering from cry
slpelas, and his life is almost despsired
of. Mr.. HinkIe came up with the Dallas
crowd at the time Of the jubilee. During
his sojourn Ut the Win 1sur hotel an alter
cation occurred between him and another
guest, in which Joseph Chimes, head por-
Ter, became involved. Mr.. Hinkle was
bartering with flower girl for bouquet
when another gentleman accused him
Of using improper lsDgusge to
the girl. Mr. Hinkle retorted
sharply that he was doing nothing Of the
KIND, but simply pstronizipg the little
VENDOR aud suggested that the gentleman
tend 10 his own business. This brought
out other offensive language from the
other gentleman and Mr.. Htnkla offered
to strike him. During the scuffie which
followed Mr.. Hinkle received al so asure
of the skin of the left side Ct lis face. He
went to the st. james where his face be-
came infismed aud the wound soon deyel-
oped into erysipelas. At noon to-day
both eyes were completely closed aud tue
disease Was spreading and had extended
over his breast. His case is regarded ss
almost hopeless.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
THE PANAMA CANAL.
An Eogipesr Explains this WORK Being
Done on the Eaterprise.

An Engineer Explains tbs Work BeiD G
Done on the Enterprise.
NRw YORK, Msy CIV. P. Williams,
engineer of the Nicaragua Cansl Com
pany, arrived from Panama yesterday by
the steamer Colon. He has been making
extensive investigations along the line Of
tue Panama Canal during the last two
months, He says vast amount OF WORK
has been done on the Panama Canal, bu.
In his Judgment much Of 1t in very
unecononical manner. Il is only a CUES
ton Of money, he thinks, when the cansl
will be finished. His opi0ioD, formed by
careful estimates, is that the 600, 600 GEO
francs, de CARED by DeLessepS sufficient
to complete the work, is ABOUT
half the amount required. At present
serious features outside Of the rev sys-
tenn OF locks present themselves in the
unIuly Cnagres river, and in the absence
Of stone Of quality suitable for
making concrete for the locks. One OF
the most serious difficulties in tine way Of
rapid snd economical work is the absence
Of sufficient skilled mSn and the s1bsti-
tuition OF Jamaican negroes, which has
resulted disastrously 10 economic work
The American contractors are the only
ones who have employed lsboreFs Of high
intelligence, and the vigor OF their work
is in marked contrast with that Of other
contractors whose dredges are mapipu-
lated by jamaican negroes, Greeks, Itkl-
isns and Colombiaus.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
TAXED FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE.

Ehat . Good Old OoupI.'s Rhsnm atism
Nets to tho Govern m.nr PEE Year.
Correspondence of the Gazette.
WASHINGTON, May 5-Mr. Guenther
Of Wisconsin made the most humorous
speech Of the session to-day on the tsrifi
bill, which created considerable merri-
ment. he spoke 10 favor of the abolition
Of the internal revenue taxation. He re-
ferred to recent speech made by Mr..
Hudd OF Wisconsin, who closed his re-
marks with the stsnzs::
/ We are taxed from the cradle plump into the
grave
Mr. Gruenther then said. The poet must
have thought Of the internsl-revenue COL
lector when he wrote 1t. Laughter |
Hardly has the baby been usnered into
this internsl.tsx> ridden world and
stands in need Of little psregoric
or few drops Of essence Of peppermirt,
or some other remedy laughter to sooth
the gripping in its little bowels, up stsps
the internal. revenue collector, clothed
with all the powers OF the g neral goSern-
me1t, with the army and navy at his
back, and inexoraSly exacts from the lit
tie yelling infnnt Sl5 per cent. internal
revenue CA the paregoric, 40 per cent on
the essence OF peppesminE. IL is pay CT
yell. [ageat lnugnter Being bright
American child, with an eye to business 8,
it ts kes the psregoric, be- :aues that bears
The lowest tax, saving thereby pinet,
celits on The dollar y;est Daughter and
giving an ohjecs lesson in E ;onomy il
wealth - RENE ed lsnghter and sp'
planse
But soon the little one ccumbs, and
thereby at iesss thinks il escapes the con-
slant demands Of the revenue saend. But
on, no! II is taxed even after it Is dead
The sorroYsirg mother, in order to pre-
serve the fiesr little features fer 6 dsy OF
Two, PLACES piece Ct cloth saturated
with elcfJh upon the pale flse. There
is that '0mnipr' ssnt revenue spy sgsiu
and DC MAIDS $50 per cent. for the benef
OF th', government with surplus OF three
hundred and thirty millions in the Treas
ury. Laughter and applause That In
fecnsl lnternsl tax we r .publcaDs wsn'
10 abolish. [Appisuse.I l take 1t FOL
granted that my colleague has sent al
least one copy Of his speseh to Wisconsin
TO his friend Farmer Goodman, In Re
wsnuee county. Laughter. /.
| Old Hr. Goodman Was former con
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11

fslo glucose factory and larger quantity
which was bought by the Mccormick
people at ST. Louis for foreign export,
nearly all of the Available corn has passed
into their hands. With few exec ptiop 8
the shippers and receivers did their buy
ing for them, as they could do 1t without
attracting so much attention as the regu-
lar spectators. Quietly and from dsy to
day for weeks and months they have
picked up May corn until their holdings
have become something enormous. as
the time for the settlement of May busi-
ness drew near, however, they began
to let the shorts change their
May contracts to June at 2 cents
difference. The shorts in Msy futures
realizing their inability to fill their con-
tracts have been more than willing to
make the change, snd at the 2 cents Diff
ference 1t is profitable to the syndicate.
Mesnwh lie two commission houses are
practically controlling the cash corn for
them and every bushel that goes, out
never comes back. The syndicate knows
whether it is going to eupply the gen.
uine consumptive demand before Trey let
go Of it. The line OF march IS marked
out by the syndicate is to keep corn well
up to 6 cents for sll of the months up to
the msrke ing Of the new crop and insd-
vertentlg OF course to make money out of
the transactions.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
Wine PoilnuSd.

TOLEDO, ONO, May Am Arrest here
to-day disclosed q aendish attempt at
poisoning thst might hsve resulted in the
death Of hundreds. Hiram FIELDS, 8
prominent vine merchant, reprovad his
hired msn fer Drunkenness. Ths hired
msn replied: 'I'll tx you"
Later Mr.. Fields found that his wine
casks had besa taIapered with. Closer
examination revealed crystals CT blue
vit iol not Yet dissolved IN the wine.
Dozens Of cssks, containing thousand
gallons al Wine, were found to have beer
thus poisoned. TIE man Was arrested,
Thers ere threats Of lypchipg.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
HEAVY FAILURE.
A Wholesale Commission House CT. ssI
Frsncisco Fails for Millions

A Wholesale Commission House CT. San
Frsucisco Fails for Millions,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL, May 8-The
wholesale commi sion house OF William
F. Coleman & Co. made an assignment
yesterday to L S. Baker spd Louis Slos,
for the benefit Of their creditors. The
assets of the firm sre estimated st from
$4,000. 900 to 81 SOC, 900, ard the lisbili-
lies at $4,000 coo.
William Coleman in sn interview re-
gsrdirg the assignment said: 81 needed
So. 100000 to meet obligations In New
York Que IN few days, and could not
raise the amount without making prom
ises and assuming obligations I saw
no probability of NEE ing"
Mr.. Coleman stated positively that the
failure was not due to outside specula-
ton.
COMPLETE SURPRISE.
NEW YORK. May S-Tae failure OF W.
T. Coleman & Co of San Francisco was
q complete surprise in this city, where the
q m WAS well and fay oraoly known. The
amount of surpriseis shown by the state
ment made at the I'll e Of Dix & Pfei ,
who acted as brokers OF the fra and ne.
gotiated paper in the east. One OF the
representatives OF this firm said he had
distributed list Of the paper OF the San
Francisco house among mis- clients IS late
as Saturday and yesterday kilograms
came In from various banks outside the
city announcing the acceptance of SAC. 900
OF the paper OF the Coleman house.
Notice of the assignment, however, was
received and stoppsd the negotiation
TIE paper OF W. T. Coleman & Co. was
considered A l snd WAS held in the east
from Baltimore in the south, Buffalo in
the west, to Boston on the east, to the
amount Of 100000.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
A MIsER's WILL.
His Body to bs Out Up Fine end Distribute d
Among his Relatives.

Among his Relatives.
LOUISVILLE, KY M.y DIR. Everett
Wagner, an eccentric physician living
near Elmantor. Metcalfs county, left the
following will:
By the grace Of God, amen. 1, Everett
Wagner, being Of sound mind and dispos-
ing memory and realizing the unc' rtain-
ties OF life. 90 make this my last will and
testament, hereby revokiDg any former
or other will may have msde. have
lived secluded lie, and for that
reason L suppose have not &C.
cumulatsd ss much Of this worlds
goods IS might have been, but
my beloved relatives, knowing tast am
about to die, and believing me-, as they
nave heretofore called me, q miser, sup
pose my wealth very large. Although up
to this time they have stunned me almost
entirely. they cannot now do
too much for me, and nearly
every one Of them has visited
me In these my last hours, and given me
gentle HATS that they would like to have
small trinket Of some kind by which, to
remember their beloved relative.
Ga account Of their former treatment,
sud their gentle hints, now take this
method Of satisfying their desires, and
by this, my last will al 4 testament, will
and bequeath them IS follows:
First, give to my beloved brother,
Napolesn Bonaparte Wagner, my left hand
and arm. Second, give to my beloved
oroiber, George W. Wagner, my right
hand and arm.
Similarly he disposes Of eyes, nose. et' =,
to other relations snd says IL any be for-
gotten, the dissesting surgeon shall sap
ply the lsck-fsst come, first served. The
remainder is to be buried in potsers' leld.
The executor and surgeon each are to re-
ceive $500 The residue Of bis estste is
to 90 IT, pubic charities In Metcen coun-
ty. The estate Is worth 81, 900.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
A COIN SYNDICATE.
III thu Awaits Bile Corn In the Country in tho
"a MAN

All thu Avausbls Corn In the Country in tho
Hands Of Three Men.
CHICAGO. ILL.,, May The Daily News
says that there Is syndicate behind corn
is now settled. In fact its personnel is
known to selec. few on Change. A local
banker and two wealthy local merchants
constitute the party and they are practi-
cally in control of ell the corn in sight.
According to reports which are believed
to be reliable these three gentlemen, be-
lieving that corn was legitimately worth
more money began to buy II
at It ever since. With the exception Of 4
small lot Whica 10 in the control Of Z Rui-
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
WRECK ON THE SARB A FE.

A Freight Train Rucs Into Sc ma Gar, On
Ssdeirssk-
spsciai to the Gazette.
VALLEY VIxw, Tx, d Az s.-This
morning ~ Low O'CLOCK IS south bound
iteisns 'faln on the oAS a Fe WAS sp-
preaching the slsson u ran into the
sioetfAckoa WHICH "efsI our cars loaded
VILE wneaV, orl'lng , hem violently
taIousn tne siolhg 70 'nf main line, where
they struck. q stock trab et.ndiop ON the
main track One car OF cattle was de-
molished, but luckily' the cattle escaped.
A ooAcar was tarows off the track and
otnefs oeoly oAmss ed. Engine No. "a
suns1su severely oy the wreck. A large
iorce OF names Wehs rapidly to work clear
ing mp the Debris, ana ali WAS omen for
trziss By 10 o'cloeg a. m,
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
GOMEZ 4ING's WILL.
EverJ'hirg Lss |; TO His Wife-A Business.
~ Ike Ducum.xs

EserJ'hing Lss TO His Wife-A Business
~ Ike Docum.xs.
UTICA, n T., Msy 9-.The will of Ros-
coe Conkiire wa, ohsred for probsse be-
fore Surro'H tie Bliss to-day. The text Of
it Is as toih1Us: "I. Roscoe Conklirg, Of
Udea, N 7 :, do mske, publish and de-
cisre my J. ,st viii and testament as fol-
LOWS: l give, devise ard bequeath to my
wiie, Jo Ia, sud her heirs and assigns for
ever, a i my property sEd estate whether
real, J 'ersonal or mixsd, and constitute
ana 4ppoint her my said sole txscutrix Of
this will. In testimony whereof hereto
en- n my name this, 2lst dsy OF June, A. D.
I y o8I. RoscnK COMING. !,
J. TIE WIN Is slgned bS Ellis H. Roberts
ana G. b. Hopkins.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
Rgx0R OF A EoUBLE KILLING.
Two Newly Made Graves sstd 10 Have loci
Found Near - fferson.

Found Near 1sffsrson.
Special TO the Gazette.
JEFFkR.oN, Tx, May 9.-The town
was much excited this afternoon over the
report that Ben Simmons and Ben Con-
nerly had Been killed few miles west OF
town. II was stated that they had been
missing from their home for two days,
and that two newly dug graves lad been
found in tho WOODS, supposed to be the
places where they were buried. As soon
as possible after learning the facts OBJ
ctrs went out. taking the county hleoc
hounds 70 Investigate the mAttes,
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1888-05-11
CINCINNATI SALOONS,
Sundsy Beer Selling Is Being Largely
fought In PorkopOlis.

CINCINNATI, o, May Judge Cald-
well, Of the police court, to-day sus-
tanned the demurrer TO the plea in abat E.
ment filed b7 counsel for Mongeorack,
the saloon keeper who is charged with
keeping saloon open on ndsy. The
plea was based on the allegation tnat
the law WAS not properly enacted.
The court found that the law
was enacted in due fern. The defense
then demanded Jury and the csse was
set for 8 O'Clock this afternoon. Warrants
were issued to-day for 147personswhoy, S.
terdsy violated the Owen law and all who
were arrested gave bond. Mayor Smith
intimstes he may change his policy next
Sunday by arresting at once ali who open
their saloons.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-08-08
A CORRECTION

Noble Baldwin read a co comm,
from the Auditor-General co' Iercr
of the Finance Committee; ot asrs'
CARDS the Auditor-dene5r.aa, II6Vo'clo5
The House adjourned to l0o''
1oC6av morning.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-08-08

one who has lately been of so great
service to the public, and things have
been excused and passed over simply
because it was Colonel Ashford, that
never would have been overlooked IN
another.
The objection to Colonel Ashford
boiled down is this, that the community
distrust him. They may be wrong and
unjust in doing SO, but the feeling IS
there and confidence in another is some
thing that cannot be made to order or
restored at will We believe the COM
munity has not forgotten his services !;
that they would like to repose full conf
dence in him, but they do not and can
not make themselves do so. We regret
to take this position, but it is only fair to
the public that the Colonel should know
that the murmur against his appoint
ment has not thus far ripened into sys-
tematic public attack solely out of defer
ence to the past, and that his wholesale
charge of backstair influence etcetera is
entirely untrue and uncalled for. What
ever we have to say of Colonel Ashford
we are perfectly willing to say publicly,
and we believe this is equally true of
others
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1921, 1888-08-08

THE article in yesterdays issue, trans
lated from native daily paper, indi-
Gates the spirit prevailing among the
unreconstructed friends of absolutism
The translation does not show one
half of the hate, bitterness and revenge
full spirit that the original contains. 1t
is bold and defiant call upon the King
to seize the reins of power, to crush
opposition by force, and put an end to
constitutional government.
In blind frenzy at the loss of ability
to control the public funds for their pri-
vate benefit, these industrious citizens
who live by the sweat OF their jaw, after
being overwhelmingly showed under at
the polls, and having failed to create dis
cord in the Legislature, have no other
card to play but to try and SOW race dis
sension and attempt to work the King
up to some rash action. Like a mad
bull that charges railroad engine re-
CARELESS of the consequences, they do
not stop to think what the inevitable
result of such a course would be.
If any tangible results were reached in
the line of their advice, they would be
the first to stink into their holes and
leave to fate the poor dupes who had
been induced to act.