Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-01-13

during the period named. 1t exhibits the
facts belonging to each industrial trouble
for each locality where trouble was found,
without attempting to establish or decide
the connection between them. The follow
ing table shows the number of strikes oc-
curing during each Of the last six years,
andthe number of establishments involved
Year. Strikes. involved.
1881 All 919
1852. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. d54 2,lO5
100. .o'o .''... .................. 4io 2,i09
1881. OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. 443 1867
. .oo Observation-Disclosures. 645 2,2S,
1856. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ,4l2 1888
Totals. Observation-Disclosures 1908 22,336
In 1887, the report says, there were, &C
cording to the best information obtainable,
SOB strikes, details of which are not availa-
bic. The report shows that during the six
years covered by the investigation, New
York had the largest number of establish
ments affected both by strikes and lock-
outs, there being for the former 9,247 and
for the latter 1,52S.
The building trades furnished 6,06O of
the total number of establishments en-
gagged in strikes. The total number of en-
ployes involved in the whole number of
strikes for the entire period is shown to
have been 1,31S,624. The number of en-
ployos originating the strikes was 1,O2O,-
s32. The number of employees in all es-
adjustments before the strikes occurred
was 1,662,O45 while the whole number
employed in the establishments involved
after the strikes was 1886, 247-a loss Of
rs, 79S. There were 103,03 new employees
engaged after the strikes, and 81, 4S3 we're
brought from other places than those
in which the strikes occurred. In
2,1S2 establishments lockcuts were Or
dered during the period named. In
these there were 1885 employees before
the lockouts occurred and 1863, 436 after the
lockouts, while the number actually locked
out was 159,54S. There were 1896 new
employees secured at the close of the lock-
outs. and 1852 were brought from other
places than those in which the lockouts oc-
Cured.
1t should be remembered, however,"
says the report, that these figures do not
represent the actual number of individual
establishments, or different employees en-
gagged, as, in many cases there have been
two or more strikes OR lockouts affecting
the same establishment in the same year.
In such cases the establishment and the
number Of employees engaged are dupli-
Gated" OF the whole number of employees
involved in strikes during the six years
covered by the report, 1886 per cent. were
males and 1l.44 per cent. were females.
Ut those involved in lockouts during the
same period 6S.7S per cent. were males and
31.22 per cent were females.
An examination of the tables appended
to the report shows that New York, Penn
sylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio. and Illi-
nois represent 74.74 per cent. of the whole
number Of establishments affected by strikes
throughout the country, and $3.50 per cont.
of the lockouts. These five States, it is stated.
contain ~ per cent. of all the manufactur-
ing establishments, and employ So per
cent. of the capital involved in mercantile
industries of the United States. OF the
22,336 establishments in which strikes oc-
CURED 1882, or 1912 per cent. of the
whole strikes, were ordered by labor Or
CARNATIONS, while Of the 2, 1872 establish
ments in which lockouts occurred |, 1913,
Or SO.34 per cent, were ordered by COM
binations of managers. OF the whole num-
Der of establishments subjected to strikes
there were temporarily closed for business
IL, 433. or 6O.l9 per cent; on account of
lockouts, 62.60 per cent. The average
duration of stoppage on account OF strikes
was 23.1 days. and for lockouts 2S days.
The results of the strikes, so fer as gain
ing the objects sought are concerned, are
shown to be as follows:
Success followed in 1,047 cases, or 4G 80
per cent. of the whole: partial success in
1904, or 13.45 per cent. of the whole; and
failure followed in 500 cases, or 80. SO per
cent. of the whole.
By lockouts 564 establishments. or 25.S5
per cent of the whole, succeeded in gain
ing their points; $50, or ST. per cent,
partly succeeded, and | ,305, or $3.50 per
cent, failed.
AS to causes or obiec's of strikes, it is
shown that increase of wages was the prin
cipal one, 42.44 per cent The other lead
ing causes are given as follows: For reduc-
ton of hours, 1915 per cent; against re-
duction Of wages, 7.T5 per cent; for in
crease Of wages and reduction of hours,
1857 per cent; against increase of hours,
1902 per cent; total fo1 the five leading
22.17 per cent. Diselaiming absolute
accuracy, the report gives the losses
of employees and employers resulting from
strikes and lochouts as follows:
Losses to strikers during the six years
covered by the investigations, SOL, SIG s165.
Loss to employees through lockouts for the
same period, SIS, l32,7l7, or total wage
loss to employees of 59,9lS,6S This loss
occurred for both strikes and lockouts in
24,51S establishments, or on an average
loss of s., AS to each establishment, or Of
nearly $40 to each striker involved. The
assistance given to strikers during the
same period, SO far as ascertainable,
amounts to $3,325.O57 to those suffering
from lockouts, ST, ,53S, or total Of
$4,43O, 595. These amounts, however, the
Commissioner says, are undoubtedly too
low. The employers losses through
strikes for the six years amounted to $780,
732, G53; through lockouts, SS3,342 ,261, or a
total loss to the establishments involved of
$3,lG4, 9l4.
The appended tables also show that
the chief burden of strikes was borne
by thirteen industries, viz: Boots and
shoes, 1852 establishments; brick making,
AIS; building trades, 6,O6O; clothing, ,72S;
cooperage, 4S4; food preparations, ,4l9:
furniture, 491; lumber. 1876; metals and
metallic goods, 1855; mining, 1000; stonc>,
468; tobacco, 1929; transportation, 1,4lS
These represent 1895 per cent. of the
whole number subjected TO strikes.
In lockouts five trades bore SO per cent.
of the whole burden, as follows: Boots