davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
ONE OF THE PIONEERS.

Gaylord Graves, Who Game West
Fifty-One Years Ago and Still
Lives.
Special to the Globe.
BRowNsDALE, Mimi, April Am the
winter of 1867 Gaylord Graves made
the journey on foot from Oswego, N. Y,
to Walworth county, Wisconsin. His
object was to spy out the land and Sc
cure home for himself and his family.
He located on quarter section on
Honey creek. At that time the land
had not been surveyed, but he made his
selection and built log house in the
primitive style of the times, using
shakes for a roof and the bare ground
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Adopted the Fellowship System.

Special to the Globe.
MADISON, Wis, April 4.-The board
of regents of the university of Wiscon-
sin, at it's quarterly meeting to-day,
abolished the honor system now in
vogue at the university and In it's place
established eight fellowships. The fel-
lowships are to be conferred on those
graduates recommended by the faculty
and who wish to take post graduate
course. Each fellow is to receive $400
per annum, and will be required to de-
vote two hours day to instruction of
regular students, having the remainder
of the time to their own studies. The
adoption of the fellowship system is
rendered necessary by the rapidly in
state unjVerSitV .t i2
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
DR.. Curryer Injured.
Special to the Globe,

SpeCIHI 10 CHG OIUUG.
MANKATo, April 4.-Dr. j. G. Cur
ryer, of Lake Crystal, narrowly escaped
very serious injury in slight railroad
accident yesterday few miles south of
this city. He was thrown against a
washstand in the car and suffered con-
cussiOn of the spinal cord. which
brought on partial paralysis. He is now
lying at Wells, and it is thought he will
soon recover.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
No jury. Yet.
Special to the GLOBE.

WAvEEHy, TO-, April 4.-There will
bs no liability of getting jury in the;
Billings case before tomorrow night.
Nearly every one of the jurymen called
on so far think that Billings is guilty.
Only fifteen jurymen out of the seventy
five are left, and it is thought that more
will have to be drawn, as only half of
the peremptory challenges have now
been made,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Denied a Rehearing.

WASHINGTON, April 4.-The supreme
court of the United States has denied
the application for rehearing of the
ssdriyen well" cases. This is the second
application that has been made for re-
hearing in these cases.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Lawyer Offord Discharged.

Special to the Globe.
DETROIT, Minn., April As. ]. Of
ford was brought before Judge Sleeper
here to-day upon writ of habeas cor
pus, and after hearing all the evidence
taken before the examination, the
justice held that there was nothing to
prove, or tending to prove, Offord guilty
of the charge preferred against him of
aiding or assisting his client, the pris-
oner, to escape from the custody of the
sheriff, and ordered him discharged.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05

the Methodist Episcopal parsonage yes
terday afternoon by Rev. James 81. Nc
Manus. The bride, who is niece of
Sheriff Dwyer. of this county, is charm
ing and high socially connected young
lady, besides being one of the most sue
cessful school teachers of the state.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Denies the Statement,
Special to the Globe.

Special to the Gl0De.
EAU CLAIRE, Wis, April "A Wash
ington special says the reason President
Carson, of the Valley Lumber company
of this city. is coming SO readily to In
dian Agent Grerory's defense is that
Mr.. Gregory is to marry one of Mr..
Carson's: daughters. Mr.. Carson said
the statement is utterly false, without
any foundation whatever.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
The Frank-Glover Contest.

WASHINGTON, April 4.-The house
committee on elections had under con-
sideration the Frank Glover contest,
from st. Louis, and although no final
action was taken it is apparent that the
committee will report in favor of tie
sitting member,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Minnesota Pensions.

WASHINGTON, April 4.-The follow
ing Minnesotians were:granted pensions
to-day: Original invalid, Edward
Gruhlke, Jackson; Gilbert 81. Bond,
Minneapolis; Joseph He'll, Heidelberg.
Original widows and orphans, Louisa,
mother of Josiah Holt, OtSegO.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
convention of the Black Hills Firemen's

convention of the Black Hills Firemen's
association, after an all-night session,
concluded its work this morning. The
constitution, bylaws and tournament
rules were thoroughly revised. John
r. Brennan, of Tom Sweeney hose,
Rapid City, was elected president:
Charles A. Maskrey, Gate City hose, of
Rapid City, secretary; d. NJ. Gillette,
HOmestake hose, of Deadwood, treas
urer. The next tournament will be at
Spearfsh on July 4.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
st. Paul Makes Cincinnati
Hustle Eleven Innings
to Win a Game.
Both Duryea and Anderson
Do Magnificent Work
in the Box.
The Famous Reds Forced to
Earn Every One of Their
Seven Runs.
Excellent Infield WOrk--CaP-
roll PurloinS a Brace
of Bases.
Special to the Globe.

Special to the Globe.
CINCINNATI, April 4.-With only
few hours preliminary practice the st.
Paul team stepped upon the field this
afternoon to do battle with the Reds.
In the exciting contest that followed
they clearly demonstrated that in Dur
yea and Anderson they can claim two
pitchers of caliber like unto that of
SOwders and Viau. As far as fielding is
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05

Black Hills Firemen.
RAPID CRY, Dak,, April 4.--TAe
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Cincinnati -. ....3 o 2OOOO OOOO2-7
St Paul 1 2OO2 900 100 1-G

Runs earned. Cincinnati z, st. Paul, l;
two-base hits. Reilly and Carroll; home runs,
Kappel and McPhee; struck out, by Smith 10,
off Duryea 2, off Smith 4 passed balls. Earle
g. O'Connor 6; wild pitches, Duryea 3; time
of game. 2 hours 45 minutes; nm pire, Serad.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Married at NeillsviIIe.
Special to the Globe.

Special TO The GtQbe.
NEILLsvILLE, Wis,April 4.-Thomas
G. Gillisppie, a wealthy young lumber
man Of Saltwater, Mimi, was married
to Miss Loretta Castner. Of this city, at
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Farmers Insurance Company.

Special to the Globe.
PIPEsToNE, Minn., April 4.-The
Pipestone County Farmers Insurance
company effected permanent organiza-
tion yesterday afternoon, and will issue
policies to members on and after May |.
The following officers were elected:
President, Duncan Stewart; secretary,
F. M. Payne; treasurer, E. A. Rice.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
Scott County's Surplus.

Special to the Globe.
SHAKoPEE, April 4.-County Treas
urer Sullivan paid the last county bond
to-day. so Scott county is out Of debt
and has $17, 900 in the treasury.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-04-05
HOW HE MISSED IT.

The bankrupt, DER his business
wreck,
When creditors had fled,
There fingered a protested check,
And wept hi, eyes blOOd-red. "A
He groaned aloud: "Oh, what q
jay
I've been! Twill drive me mad!
I'd not have failed had each day
Put in the Globe an Adj"
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
A Boyco,,iur maker Arr..,ed.

CHcAoo, ILL.,, April l7.-Ou compl aint
Of John Kocsslcr, . baker, whose place OF
business Is at 200 North Franklin street,
Gus Eschcnbach, Henry Rather, Henry
Gor, James Rcgurn aud Joseph sangar,
were arraigncd this morning before Justice
kolstcn on charge Of conspiracy.
On the evening Of February ~, George
Sims, young South Chicago baker, WIS
arrested at the insiigation Of Kocslicr for
distributing boycotting circulars against
the latter. II was alleged that
tho defendant was the agent Of
tho Swedish Bakers union, the Bakers
union and the Central Labor union, who
were determined 10 freeze out Kocsslcr he.
cause he employed non-union men. The
affair created a sensation nj the time, and
Sims was accused Of conspiracy. After
four continuance he was bound over 10
the criminal court. Ia order "a make the
charge Of conspiracy good the above named
defendants were arrested as partners In the
affair Their eases were continued by
Justice koer.tcn 10 April -.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
RIO, Abou, n Handkerchief.

ASHLAND, Wis, April 1.-Two men,
whose names are unknown, got into dis.
pute with William 0'Iicarn, a bartender in
John Brecn's saloon, in spooner, and an
other bartender named Charles Green,
from Minneapolis, yesterday. The talk
was about the rightful owner Of hand.
kerchi,i, and soon led 10 n riot, both sides
TO the controversy opening lire with re-
volyers at about the same time. Twenty
shots were ilred, and the walls Of the "a
loon showed many TO have been very wild
When the smoke cleared away O'Iicarn
was FRUSTRATED on the floor, with a hole
through one OF his lungs, and big bullet
had crashed through one Of Green's legs
and broke H. The gamblers broke for the
woods and a constable followed II IL
thought that he has also been killed.
O'Hearn will die.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18

propositions submitted by him TO preserve
the circulation of the national banks. Tho
chief of these was to authorize the Secre-
tary of the Treasury to issue to banks q
per cent. bonds for legal tender notes at
par, and with the notes to purchase bonds
bearing higher rate. The speech de-
serves attention, not because the PROPOSE
ton stands any chance of adoption by
this Congress, but because it was a plain
and forcible argument in favor OF sound
currency by western senator. Mr.. Far
we'll wishes the government 10 20 out OF
the currency business. lie wishes q cur
rcncy redecmable on demand in gold,
and of this kind he believes We
cannot have too much. He wishes silver
To he used in common with gold, hut only
at the ratio OF the real values Of the two
metals These views he stated with great
cleamcss, and sustained them by vigorous
and sensible argument, 10 which il was
good for the Senate, with It's heavy proper.
ton of financial cranks, Ia listen.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
Princeton nanane, In ~. Louis.

ST.. LouIs, Mo-, April l7.--Last night
the Princeton Alumni association, Of 81.
Louis and vicinity, held their annual ban
quei at the University club. DR.. Patton,
the newly elected president Of the college,
was present, aud, referring TO the present
condition and future prospects OF the col.
lege, he expressed great hopes that the
friends Of the institution would soon rally
TO the support in such a way that uni
vcrsity second 10 none in this country
would spring up around the old walls Of
Nassau Hall. A telegram was sent 10 DR..
McCosh indicating the affection Of the -.
Louis alumni and their pleasure that he
still retains q chair in the institution, al
though he saw III 10 resign the prcsi dency.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
A Mig burglary.

Cry or MExIoo, April IA heavy
burglary was committed Sunday night.
An Italian, long a resident Of this country
and who was known to keep large sums in
his house, was the victim. More than
$40, 900 In notes was distracted from the
safe in tho apartment adjoining bis bed
chamber, s., 900 worth Of silver being lefi
untouched. The porter OF the house gave
the alarm and search was Immediately
made. but without result. The portcrhaCI
a slight cut on his hand. which be claimed
10 have received in the scuillo with the
burglars, but M his account was rather
mixed he was arrested on suspicion. II IL
believed the burglars were foreigners, and
that the porter was their accomplice.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
ADynamI,e Cruiser ,ompI,,.,I.

PmLADELrnIA, Pa, April 1.-THE
William Cramp & Sons Ship aud Engine
Building company have nearly completed
a dynamite cruiser called the Yorktown,
designed for the United States navy. IL
will he launched on Saturday, April %, In
the presence Of Secretary Whitney. IL
carries four pneumatic guns for the hurl-
ing Of dynamite projcctilcs, each with q
range Of at least mile. The trimming Of
the guns Is accomplished by steering tho
vessel and the loading is all done by
steam. The guns are Of l5.inch calibcr,
and the shells, which can DO fired with
great accuracy twice n minute. will con-
tain 900 pounds Of explosive galatinc,
equivalent TO $50 pounds Of dynamite, or
pi3 pounds Of gun cotton. II Is claimed
that this gun, properly handled, viii be
the most destructive engine Of war yet in
vented, for the heaviest nrmorcd chips In
the world will go all 10 pieces from the ex-
plosiOn Of shell much smaller than these
thrown by the guns on the Yorktown.
These guns are designed primarily 10 work
ON the underwater portion Of the hulls 81
vessels, but u any inaccuracy la aim
should DO developed on account Of tho
pitching Of the ship, great damage can be
inflicted upon the portion Of the hui
above water. A dynamite gun made By
the same concern has Just been mate for
the Italians, and will be tested at Fort la
iayetle la few days by Lieut.. Zalinssi.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
HE WOULDN'T FIGHT A DUEL.
Damage Suit OF Brave South Carolina
Qentleman-what Ha WIN no

Dhiihbe buiL OF Bravo south carolina
Gentleman-What He win Do.
COLUMBIA, $. c., April 1.-THE libel
suit Of Gen. Edward McGmdy, OF Charles
ton, against DIR. 7. G. Robertson, OF this
city, was begun here in the common pleas
yesterday. McGrady is one Of the most
prominent lawyers in the State and a lead
ing public man. lie belongs 10 one OF the
old families. Robertson is likewise n
prominent man and large cotton mcr-
chant. They had disagreement about n
lawsuit and last winter Robertson, In an
open letter, charged McGrady with having
lied and called him knave and scoun-
drel. The suit Is for $4,000 damages.
McGrady IL represented by the best law
ycr in the State. Yesterday one OF his
counsel, ex-Aitorney General Miles, said
TO the jury that there was prejudice
against man in South Carolina who sued
another man for damages for an insult, in
stead OF seeking personal satisfaction, but
that his client stood in the position of hav-
ing, while legislator, drawn up, advocat-
ell and had passed the anti.ducling law,
and lac could not break that law BESIDES
this, McGrady is q leading church man.
lie added that II McGrady won the case
he would not touch dollar OF the money,
but would turn Il over 10 the State. Great
interest is manifested in the case.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
RAILROAD RUMBLINGS.
Chicago East Hound SHIPMENTS.

CHICAGO, ILL.,, April 1.-THE shipments
Of eastern bound freight from Chicago by
all the lines for the week ending Saturday,
April IA, amounted to 56,030 tons, against
$3.50 tons during the preceding week; an
increase OF 1894 tons, and against 29,99C
tons during the corresponding week OF
1887, an increase of 26,049 tons. This in.
cludes flour, grain, provisions, hides, wool
and lumber.
The Vanderbilt lines carried 25.7 per
cent. OF all the business, the Pennsylvania
lines 24.0 per cent; the Chicago x Grand
Trunk still heading the individual record
with 20.3 per cent.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
pr. noimc. ON matthew Arnold.

Nav YoRK, April 1.-THE following Ia
taken from Boston dispatch TO the Her
aid
"a great many people have found iault
with Mr. Arnold because he was not a
humorisi," said DIR. o. W. Holmes and
could see little good In his writings. My
impression Ia that he was sincere man,
devoted 10 lettering the race, and too
busy or too deeply impressed With his
duty 10 look at anything In other than a
serious light. believe In good joke, in
Wit and humor, but a man can do the
world a great deal Of good without any OF
These qualities"
"what will be hisinnucncc on literature
and mannors3"
Good. His essays are strong, thought.
iul and polished. Much OF his poetry viii
compare iavorably with that OF Thomas
Gray; tits strong and sweet st the same
time. His name may not rank very high
AZ an author, but his influence, ~ dis
PLAYED In his living and his writing, will
laat when the names OF his detractor arc
forgotten. His ideal may have been false
In some respects, but he lived up 10 and
proved that q learned man may exist for
something besides fame and money
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
Three ,hIIdr.n Tinrned 90 Dea,h.

81. Lori-, Mo, April l7.-By the burn.
ing Of the house Of u. A. Hoffman, who
lived near Jackson, No., Saturday, three
Of his children lost their lives aud Hot.
man aud three other children were badly
burned. Several months ago Mp. IIoG-
man died and since then the father has
been acting In an insane manner From
the stories Of the children tho people be-
lieyc that Hoffman set the house ON fire
with the intention Of destroying himself
and his whole family.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
A Mad Dog on the Rampage.

TExARKASA, Tex, April l7.-Ialprma.
ton has been received here that b. y.
Askew, Of Magnolia, Ark, was bitten by
a mad dog at his home Saturday, and
terribly lacerated about the face and arms
The animal spread CONSERVATION about
the town and was killed while making an
attack on group Of school children. Mr.
Askew'is n candidate for Congress ON the
Republican ticket. lie left for Paris,
France, Immediately after the occurrence
for the purpose Of being treated by DIR.
Pasteur.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
The Ohio Southern Officers.

SPRINGFIELD, o., April 1.-THE follow
ing named have been elected members OF
the board of directors of the Ohio Southern
railroad for the ensuing year
Alfred Sully, Austin Corbin, J. r. Max
well, Henry Graves, Dumont Clark, r. X.
Dow, of New York; William N. Whiteley,
Amos Whiteley, II. J.. Chapman, OF
Springfield; ii. S. ilillard, of Wellston;
Isaac Brown, of jackson, and II. II. Weak
ley, OF New Carlisle.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
A kerinna annnIei-

Las CRUoEs, N. NJ, April lL-whfe
two Indian policemen attempted TO arrest
sacate, Mcscaleu Apache Indian, and
his son, who were drunk and causing trou.
BILE In the camp, fight ensued in which
one Of the policemen was killed. sacate's
son was fatally aud three women were No.
riously injured by stray shots. Sacatc was
finally occurred and locked up.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
Fatal y.miI, ossrre,.

DANBURY, Conn, April NV. II.
Hawley, one Of the leading druggists here,
this morning sho, and fatally wounded his
brother.in.lsw, Virgil Bsrnum. Iio emp.
tied q flye-chsmscr revolver, two shots
taking effect The shooting took place In
Hawley's residence aud was caused by a
family quarrel.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18

The chief then told me Of a wonderful
temple that existed under the altar upon
which he stood and said it contained the
history of his people from the time they
first came into existence down to the
present day. Into this temple they would
take me as soon as he could obtain the
consent OF the council, OF which he was
the head, which ruled the affairs of the
town. The rest Of the day was spent in
walking through the streets of the city,
and for two weeks thereafter studied the
habits OF this people TO my hearts content
while waiting for the promised permits
sion.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
senator paYweII'. speeeeh.

NKw YoRK, April 1.-THE TIM, this
morning says Senator fsrwoll, Of Illinois,
made q strong speech yesterday In iayor Of
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
THE HIDDEN TEMPLE.

home, and when you go hence you must
swear that this secret entrance will never
bn rpyaalal ~
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18

CHICAGO, ILL.,, April 1.-THE trouble among
the joumoymen bakers still remains un.
settled, and a strike Of the union men In
the various shops Is only question Of q
few days. A member OF the bakers
organization said today Union No. II,
which comprises about half Of the bakers,
voted almost unanimously on Saturday last
10 strike. In Union No. I, which com.
prises the other half Of the organized
bakers, the motion 10 strike failed Of
two thirds majority. The boss
bakers, however are still hiring new
men ut their agencies on Fifth avenue,
and II II pretty certain that they are pro.
paying for lockout. Tho men who arc
anxious ~ strike, and who have been held
back by the conservatives In No. 1, feel
that II something IL not done soon Il will
be too late. They claim that a strike
should have been ordered a month ago,
when the houses opened their bureau Tor
the hiring Of new mon. There will be
another general meeting OF the bakers ON
next Saturday, and the question VI strike
will bo decided then"
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18
BREAD AND pEER.
Tho Brewories Resume Work The Ba-
lsors Still Out.

Tho Brewories Resume Work The Ba-
kors Still Out.
CHICAGO, ILL.,, April i7.--"The strike Is
over" said Secretary Niehlen, OF the
Brewers association, this morning. "An
the brewerics have resumed work, and
have Just received word from kcely's that
they have all the men they want, and good
men too. They will take mono OF their old
men back. The strikers made big mistake
when they quit work. Their union at
Milwaukee has been destroyed, the union
here liz out Of work, and how will they
support the old men locked out in New
York;"
\ prominent brewer said that brewing
had been resumed In his establishment
and enough skilled mon had been secured
10 do the work.
"Many good men, no said, who were
dismissed from the union for hiiling Of.
icnscs-l for the union was very arrogant
when II was In power re now ut work In
the brcweries. Before the strike they could
not get work. Now II h their turn To got
even. The brewers never would have
struck u they had not been deceived by
their leaders. Asa sample OF the yarns
which the agitatos tell the strikers, take
the story from New York yesterday that
nineteen firms from there had LETT the M.
ISOLATION aud signed contracts with the
union"
EAbout five hundred men were here pres.
ent at the usual meeting OF the strikers
today at Leiph's hall. The committees
Who kept watch at the railroad dcpots re-.
ported that no now men had arrived today
from outside places. Il was reported also
that twelve new men in the breweries had
quit A dispatch from the national sec
rotary of the Brewers Union was read,
stating that all the brewers In New York
were locked out, but that they were cheer.
full and firm and confident Of ultimate vic
tory. II was announced Ia the meeting
that District Assemblies - and ~ Of tho
Knights Of Labor last night indorscd the
resolutions passed by the brewers meet.
ing at West Twelfth street, Turner hall,
ON Monday. The resolutions were simply
n request TO workingncn 20 be- careful
whose beer they drank, and not consume
the beer Of certain firms active In starting
the movement against the union.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18

Perhaps you would De to know aboui!
the river aud habor bill. have asked
Mr.. Nutiing, Of interior New York, who J.
on that committee, TO give me statement ~;
OF what New York obtains under that BILL
dc. this because thep y can
vass being made Of the House 70
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-04-18

mountain around the precipce it opened
upon the side OF the mountain looking
down into n little valley surrounded upon
every side by steep ascents which no liv-
ing being could scale, and which was ac-
cessible only through this subterranean
passage.