The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1888-02-16
FUNCTIONS ! OF svos.


RAots which Every Hortiou1turist Should
,ss Study and Kaow.
Buds arc the most important organs
Of trees. from . practical point Of
view. because II is through them that
one II enabled to direct and control
the trees form and roductivoness. 1t
naturally follows, then, that all who
desire to become successful in tree
culture must make themselves familiar
with the forms and modes of develop
ment Of buds, rs we'll as the purposes
they are adapted to fulfill in the forma-
ton Of the tree and lis products.
Botanists and vegetable Psychologists
have spent great deal Of research
and speculation as to the immediate
causes of bud formation, etc, without
arriving at entirely satisfactory con.
illusions. It has. however. been possi-
BILE to trace clearly the objects thsse
buds are designed to fulfill in the de-
velopment Of the tree, their connection
with and dependency upon other parts,
and the circumstance under which
they can be made to accomplish
specific purposes. Mr.. Barry, in his
Fruit Garden" has said much on
these last-named subjects that is of
great assistance to amateurs. Follow
ing are in brief some Of the statements
made by him:
Every bud contains the rudiments
Of and is capable, under favorable cir
cumstances, of producing new in
dividual similar to that on which 1t
was borne. This fact is clearly demon-
strated in the propagation of trees by
budding, where single eye is re-
moved from one shoot and placed In
the wood of another to which 1t unites
and forms new individual similar to
its parent So in the propagation by
eyes, as in the grape vine. where a
single bud with small portion of
wood attached becomes a perfect
plant
Every perfect bud found on year.
ling tree or shoot is capable of being
developed into branch. Naturally,
all do not develop, but it is known
that by the application Of art they can
readily be made to do so. For in
stance, the buds of a yearling tree,
| II left to take their natural course,
will only in part produce branches
and these will generally be near
the extremities where they are most
excitable; but we can cause the lower
ones to develop branches by cutting
off those aboye them to the extent that
the particular character of the species
or variety, or Of the buds themselves
in respect to vigor and vitality, may
require.
All buds are either terminal, as
when on the points of shoots; axillary
when situated in an angle made by
the projection of a leaf from the shoot
or branch. and accidental when origi-
mating without any regularity on the
older parts of trees and not In the axil
of . leaf Buds are often produced by
the breaking or cutting off of a branch
or by wound or incision made in the
bark. In the management of trained
trees special means are taken to pro-
duce these buds on spaces of the trunk
that it is desirable to fill up Ono
sometimes sees instances Of such buds
on the stumpS OF OLD trees.
The terminal and axillary buds
produced on young shoots seem to have
different origin from these acci-
dental buds. The former are con-
nected with the pith of the shoot as
one may see by dissecting them. On
cutting into young shoot below 9
bud one finds a cylinder of pith enter.
ing into the bud from the pith of the
shoot, but one does not find this con-
nection existing in the case of acci-
dental or adventitious buds.
| Practically considered. buds al
classified into lateral-those on til,
sides or circumference. of the shoot.
being the axillary buds of the botan
ist; terminal; superior-those on th'
upper side of the horizontal branches
stipular-the small. barely visible
buds formed at the base Of ordinar,
buds, and dormant or latent buds:
1 Buds are again classified as lea
buds and fruit buds. the nature ant
functions OF which will be soon con
sidered on this page.-M Y World
SETTING BROKEN RIBS.