davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01
PUBLIC. SCHOOLS.
No. 5.
School Matters Before the War and

In 1860 the public schools showed
their highest development before the
war. According to Superintendent
Wiley's report, during that year the
disbursements we're $27S,O00, and
the whole number of children between
6 and 2l years of age was 221,45O.
The per ca pita expenditure was there
fore, $1.25 on the number Of WHITE
children.
This money was in part furnished
from the interest on the permanent
fund of about $4,000, 900, and in part
by county taxation, the counties being
required to tax themselves. This re-
quirement was perhaps the strongest
factor in the establishment and i'm
provement of the public schools before
the war. In fact the wise founders Of
our public schools in lS40 started with
this requirement and did not allow
any apportionment from the State fund
to counties that did not vote in favor
of and levy tax to supplement it.
This principle of helping those who
help themselves has had wide applica-
ton in the establishment and develop
ment of school systems in other States
and countries.
It will be seen that while last year
we spent S653,O37.33 on school
census of 5e6.27O, the average per
capita expenditure was only Sl.16-
less than in 1860 by 9 cents on each
child of school age.
Besides having less money now for
each child than was applied in 1860,
we labor under the additional disad-
vantage of having TWO RACES to IN
struct in separate schools. The sep
aration of the races is necessity, but
it is somewhat more expensive to edu'
cate two races in this way than 1t
would be to educate ONE RACE having
the same number of children.
Having this race disadvantage and
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01

not necessarily imply that they can
drive a team or handle a plow SO that
good work can be done.
Because a man can dig Or has
strength to use a hoe is not proof that
he can make a good garden, or prop
erly clean the growing plants, and the
difference between man who can
take hold and do good work, is worth
considerable more either by the day
or month, than the one who must be
shown how. AS rule farm work is
always pressing at this season. The
farmer cannot afford to lose much
time everything must be pushed if
the necessary work is done in good
season. If help is hired it is done
with the expectation that aid in keep
ing up with the work will be secured.
There is no benefit in hiring help at
any time that is not sufficiently compe-
tent to make the employer fair per
cent of profit for his labor, and on the
farm this is fully as important as with
any other class of work; and it is rare
that man without knowledge or ex-
perience in the line Of work expected
of him will be able to do this. AS a
general rule it will pay to secure help
that is capable of doing the work and
usually this class Of workmen is in
sufficient demand to command fair
prices, and it will be more profitable
in the end to pay fair price rather
than accept cheaper but less compe:
tent help.-N j. s., IN Farm Field and
tTockman
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01
SYSTEM IN FARM WORK.

No matter in what business we
may be engaged, the saving OF
time is always more or less an object.
On the farm, of course, this often is
something more of an item at one time
than at another. During the busy
season of planting, cultivating and
harvesting, every hour is of consider
able Importance, and then it is espe-
ciallv necessary to economic time as
much as possible.
One of the best means is to work by
some system. The man who goes out
to the barn in the morning, feeds his
hogs, milks the COWS and then feeds
the work teams, goes and gets his
breakfast, and then has to wait until
the teams get through eating before
he can start out to work, is not econo-
mizing time. AS we'll be obliged to
come back to the house about the time
he gets fairly started to feeding, IN
order to..cut sufficient supply of stove
wood to cook breakfast He is not
working to the best advantage, and
yet this is what many farmers do one
third of the time, simply because they
have no system Many useless steps
are taken requiring the loss of more
or less time, for no other reason than
want of system with the work.
So far as possible, one task should
follow another so that the least time
will be lost in changing from one to
the other, not only in doing the neces-
sary chores about the place, morning
and evening, but also in the field work
does this amply. In changing from
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01
Vol. 8.
DIRECTORY OF FARMERS Or
CARNATIONS.

FARMERS NATIONAL ALLIANCE AND Coop
-.- ERATIvE UNION OF AMERICA.
President-C. w. Macune, Texas.
First -President-L. T.. Polk, N. G..
Vice-Pres't for Ala.-H. P. Bone.
Vice-Pres't for Ark.-W. III. Moore.
Vice-Pres't for Fla-Oswald Wilson.
Vice-Pres't for Ky.-S. B. Irwin.
Vice-Pres't for La-Linn Tanner.
Vice-Pres't for Miss.-R. T. Love.
Vice-Pres't for Mo.-A. B. Johnson.
Vice-Pres't for N. C.-S. B. Alexander.
Vice-Prest for Tenn.-I. III. Mcdowell.
Vice-Prest for Tex.-M. D. K. Taylor.
Secretary-E. B. Warren, Texas.
Treasurer-A. E. Gardner, Tenn.
Chaplain-Rev. J. G. Jones, La.
Lecturer-Ben. Terrell, Tex.
Asst. Lecturer-J. A. Tets, La.
Door Keeper-Newt. Gresham, Ala.
Asst. Door Keeper-H. c. Brown, KY.
Serg't-at-Arms-T E. Groom, Miss.
NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
Presidents. B. Alexander, Charlotte,
N. G.
-President-T. Ivey, Ashpole, NC.
s Secretary-L. L. Polk, Raleigh, n. Z.
Treasurer-J. D. Allen, Falls, N. G.
#LecCufer-OeO. uCoA, Odl uoh'on,
NC.
Assistant Lecturer-D. D. Mcintyre,
Laurinburg, N. G.
Chaplain-Rev E. J. Edwards, Cedar
Creek, N. @.
Door Keeper-W. Fl. Tomlinson, Fay
etteville, n. G.
Assistant Door Keeper-R. T. Rush,
Mt. Gilead, N. G.
Sergeant-at-Arms-J. S. Holt, Chalk
Level, n. G. ~
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH CARO-
LIMA FARMERS STATE ALLIANCE.
Elias Carr, Old Sparta, N. c., Chair
man; Thadeus livery, Ashpole, N. c.; J. S.
Johnston, Rufin, N. G. 9
THE NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS ASSOCIATION.
President-EEas Carr, Old Sparta,
Edgecombe county. .s=s
B. F. Hester, Oxford, Secretary; ;.
Otho Wilson, Vineyard, and w. T.. Ben
bow, Oak Ridge, Assistant Secretaries.
STATE GRANGE PATRONS OF HUsBANDRY.
w. R. Williams, Falkland, Pitt county,
Master.
q. 7. J. Ludwig, Mt. Pleasant, secre-
tary. -
TURE-OFFICERS.
John Robinson, Commissioner.
T. K. Bruner, Secretary.
DR.. II. B. Battle, Chemist and Director
of Experiment Station.
John T. Patrick, General Agent 1mml-
grafton.
N c. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
w. G. Upchurch, Raleigh, President;
John Nichols, Raleigh, Secretary.
NORTH CAROLINA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
President-J. Van Lindley, Pomona.
Secretary-S. Otho Wilson, Vineyard
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01
OFFICIAL ORGANS OF FARMERS
ALLIANCE.

National Alliance-,SoutheTn Mer-
cmy, Dallas, Texas.
Alabama-AHiance Banner, Athens.
Arkansas-State Wheel Enterprise,
Little Rock
Mississippi-7He Farmer, Winona.
North Carolina-THE PROGRESSIVE
FARMER, Raleigh.
Louisiana-Ihe Union, Choudrant.
Tennessee and Kentucky-7he
Ioizer, Union City, Tenn.
Free Speech, Beaumont, Texas, OF
the counties of Jefferson, Orange,
Tyler, Hardin, Chambers, Liberty.
Florida-Fdrmers' Florida Alliance,
Mariana, Fla.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01

experiments show that the increase ia
quantity of timothy after the period OF
full bloom, was not sufficient to over
balance the lower digestibility of the
albuminoids, together with the large
increase in fibre"
1t is therefore concluded that it is
preferable to cut timothy for feeding
at the period of full bloom rather than
after the seeds have formed.-Farna
Field and Stockmdn.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01
No. II

less money per capita, our school
terms will of course be somewhat
shorter than were the terms in 1860.
Then the salaries of teachers averaged
about the same as we now pay our
teachers, perhaps little more.
The machinery of our system is
very much the same now as it was be-
fore the war. 1t recognizes LOCAL
management, and the necessity of
making boards of education, county
superintendents and committees
specially responsible for such manage
ment.
Then the county court selected five
men to act as board of superintend-
ents; now the justices Of the peace and
the county commissioners select three
men to act as board Of education.
The duties of the board Of superin-
tendents was almost exactly what are
now the duties of the board of educa-
tion, VIZ: the general management of
school matters for the county-fxing
boundaries of districts, appointing
school committees on petition, appor-
tioning the money in such way as to
eguazige school facilities as far as prac-
tacable dc.
The AVERAGE COST OF THE BOARDS OF
EDUCATION NOW IS JUST ABOUT ONE PER
CENT OF THE FUNDs-one dollar out OF
one hundred dollars. Under the old
system the chairman was county
superintendent, gave bond and handled
all the money, and was paid 2 II per
cent. of the funds, and if he visited
the schools the board paid him extra;
now we have county superintendent
who examines teachers, is secretary of
the board, visits the schools, gives the
| board such information as they must
have to enable them to perform their
duties intelligently, has general over
sight of the details of the school mat
ters Of his county, and makes reports
to the State Superintendent. He is
| paid by the day for the work done,
from So to So as the board may de-
termine. The average cost of the
superintendents last year was only
about 3 per cent. of the funds. Total
cost of boards and superintendent
about per cent. of the funds.
The system before the war had to
bear the expense of an examining
committee and of a secretary. Both
these duties are now performed by
the County Superintendent.
The cost of the school management
is about the same per cent. now as be-
fore the war. The system then did,
however, save the treasurers commits
sions which we now pay, because it
did make the County Superintendent
treasurer, and these commissions went
far toward paying the cost of superln-
| tendence.
It may be we'll to call attention to
the fact that good county boards and
efficient and active superintendent are
| perhaps more of necessities now than
when we had but one race to provide
for. This thought [ would like to
emphasize.
And further, about oNE-THIRD of all
the money raised in the State by taxa
ton for all purposes goes into the
schools. Some local authorities must
be paid to manage it, and it is folly
not to pay enough to have it efficiently
managed. What we pay now to the
boards of education and the superin-
tendents would lengthen the average
school terms only about two days per
annum. S. M. FINGER,
Supt. Public Instruction.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01


that g1na
ghGg k
hlha action dur can %dd h ~ .r-
Ma lt yFrawF F4
F..
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01

Raleigh, N. c., April 20, 1888.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-05-01

Subscribe to PROGRESSIVE FARMER.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-09-30

rivals, a large share OF which were the prop.
erty Of beef packers and not on the market.
A few lots of natives were disposed Of at one
price or another, and in a general way there
was little or no change in prices as COM
pared with the close last night. All that can
be said is that values are down to the lowest
on record on common natives and medium
grades, and even good to choice natives, that
have been scarce. had to stand q share Of
the decline. Running into this market
by insane shippers is the prime cause Of this
disastrous decline. For the past three
weeks the receipts show a re-
markable increase. This Increase is
largely in rangers and the same were Of
prime quality. The receipts include 1850
Texas cattle. Medium to good steers 1850 to
1900 lbs, SI.50@5.g 1900 to 1850 lbs, $3.50
4.75; 900 to 1900 lbs, { 3,25la4.0O; stockers and
feeders, 81. 90CG3.0O; cows, bulls aud mixed,
81. 30d2.S5; bulk, g. .l5d2.5); Texas steers,
s2.00@2.SO ~; cows, 81 5000. 10; western
natives and half breeds. { 2.sO64.15; cows,
$2.00@2.65 wintered Texans, $a45@3.75.
HoGs-Trade was active today and prices
about the same as yesterday; light mixed,
$5.90m6. Is; bulk, $6.00d6. 10; heavy mixed,
S6.00G6.3 80; bulk, Z .15M6.25; good TO choice,
heavy and medium, 81. 2016. 40; choice to
extra, S6.40@6.60 heavy packing, 50. 00G6. 81;
assorted light, S6.W@6. 90; common to fair
hogs, 15@25c below these quotations.; eastern
mixed, IS. 75G6.G5. Prospects are rather fav-
orable for these prices next week, especially
for good hogs.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-09-30
LIVE = COCk.

Chicago. Sept. 29.-The Drovers' Jour
nal reports as follows:
Cattlc-Receipts, 5000 head; market
quiet; steers, $3.25@5.9O; stockers and
fee ders, 81. 9C@3. 90; cows, bulls and mixed,
$l.30@2.S So; Texas cattle, 81. 0G92. so; western
rangers, 81. O0C04. Ii.
Hogs-Iiecelpts, 5000; market stronger;
mixed, $5.S596.4 40; heavy. 81 10000 20; light,
81. 55@6.1 Is; skips, 50. 50@5.4O.
Sheep-Receipts. 1000; market steady;
natives, S3,O066f.2 20; westerns, 50. zoos. rs;
Texans, e.. 75@3.GO; lambs, $39O95.65.
Kansas City. Sept. 29.-Cattle-Re-
ceipts, 1900; shipments, none. Dressed
beef and shipping steers, 59l0c higher;
cows steady, stocking and feeding steers
quiet; good to choice corn fed. $1,000
$50: common to medium, s3.25@4.75; stock
ers and feeding steers, sl.6003.4 As; grass
range steers, sl.75@3.25; common, Sl.25@
2.7O.
Hogs-Receipts, $500; shipments, none;
strong and &c higher; good choice, Sc. 05
@6.15; common to medium, o.30@ 5.35; skips
and pigs, S3,OC@5,0o.
National Stock Yards. East St.
Louis. Sept. observation-disclosures, 655;
shipments. 10; market steady; choice
heavy native steers, IS. 0OG15. so; fair to good
native steers, "a. 30@05.00 butchers steers,
medium to prime, 81. 3004.40 stockers and
feeders, fair to good, S2.0OC63.25; rangers,
corn-fed, S3.00C04. 10; CRASHED, S2.00@3. 10.
GHogs-Receipts, 60; shipments, S95;
market strong; choice heavy and butch
ers' selections, S6.25@6.30; packing, medium
to prime, S6.0096.25; light grades, ordinary
to best, 81. 75M6. 10.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-09-30

FINANCIAL.

New YORK, Sept. 29.-[Special Telegram
to THE BEE. l-STocKs-It was a fair bull
market to-day during the short session and
for Saturday there was O good volume of
business, total sales a%ggregating 259,17s
shares. The opening was steady to strong.
London sent in a few selling orders and on
their execution prices declined a little early,
soon recovering, however, and the tone be-
coming strong. There was an Improvement
In most Of the list. New England, cotton,
oil, Lake Erie and Western preferred and
Erie were pointed out as bull cards. The
former was active and strong, advancing
from the opening almost steadily to the close,
which was at 5lA or Is below the top and 3
points higher than the opening. Boston was
conspicuous as a buyer Of this stock and the
proposed benefits arising from its being
made an air line was doubtless a prominent
factor in It's appreciation. Reading was also
Sin the swim'' and made a gain of / point.
The close was strong at about the best prices
of the day, recording an advance of l point in
cotton oil, a small gain in st. Paul and North
western, about l point in Pacific Mail and ~
in Louisville & Nashville. Rock Island sold
ex-dividend and dropped of a little from the
opening.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-09-30
MAMMOTH BUILDING
Twenty-Four Stories High TO be Erec-
ted in Our City In the Near Future.
Sixteenth ana Harvey Streets Sup
posed TO be the Corner Selected
The Building {, be the High
est in the state.

DO you know said a well known contractor
to the writer recently that Omaha is to have one
of the finest buildings in the county. l will tell
You OF II and show you a picture OF the W
but only on condition that my name Is not
mentioned in connect.ol with the affair; a SYM
dictate of eastern capitalists foreseeing the tut
ure greatness of Omaha, rs a Metropolis pro-
pose TO take time by the forelock and anticipat-
ing the needs somewhat, propose to erect q cost.
ly and work; n vast commercial
building Of the sort has been a thing unknown
until recent years, but our intense appreciation
of the fact that time is money, that buildings
centrally located save time. calls for q greater
degree of vertical extension than has been pre-
yiously achieved, and the development of safe
and speedy elevator service has permitted such
extension to n degree limited only by, con-
structional necessities. The commission 10 de-
sign a building to meet the wants OF this syndi-
cate was placed in the hands of several promi-
nent architects and the design illustrated in. u
meagre way herewith is the result. II Is to be
twenty-four stories high. perfectly fire PROOF
throughout. The first two stories are to be or
pink granite followed above by pressed brick
terra Cotta and stone immin
The successive ranges of arcaded openings
beautifully proportional and the fact that each
of them embraces three stories of the interior 10
frankly indicated in their construction. The
Omaha daily bee., 1888-09-30
THE REALTY MARKET.
Instruments Placed on Record Dur.
ing Yesterday.

2 ~Justesen and wife to j = Mailender ct
al. lot l, blk !, Formau's sub Hyde PARK.
Home Investment Co. TO- d Montgomery. :"
5 42 IT of W lO7 s2-lOJ IT. lot lO5 Gises'
A 5 Patrick to q x Hoagiand, lot d, blk q,
West Side. W d. 300
E benson and wife to DA Vaughan, lot
II. blk O, Briggs place. W d............ $500
q OrIf and wife 10 j Hobrecher, lot 10, blk
!, Doneckens' add, do. ........ loo
j II and A G. Paulsen to N Il Snowden, lot
O.. blk 2, William Hadedorn's add, w a., 400
j Miller to + Stotts ct al, lot 80, Auburn
@ barker ct al to Il Robinson, lots i,a,s. loo
blk ~, Orchard Hill, W ID. -. -. 2,l0O
W = Stevens to A T. Shaw, lots o. @, blk !,
Stevens Place. W d.. 49,. 49,. leOO
S Selden 10 J w Barnslall, und u o
W of $ W 2i-l5-l3. q .............. ]
i 5 Hascall TO u O'Reilley, S 4 of lot 10
and " u 1T s u lot II. blk 0, Hascal!'s
/ s Hascaii to r Il Eiisasscr, lots ia and ii, 10"
blk 2, South Oman add. W d..........., 1000
j kavan and wife to VIM Kalbe, lot 3
and s u lot =. blk 3, Hascall's sub, q c d. $500
Canaan to n h Godfrey, lot IA, blk ~.
Calkirs' sub, W 1,UO0
MA Elliott ct al to NJ ] Baehr, lot 22. blk
II, Shulls I'd add, W ............. $50
The Patrick Land Co TO J + bowman, lots
IL. 10, IA and ID, blk ll9, Dundee place.
G L durham aud wife to il II French, lots
"a and 81, blk l.. Lake place, W. go. 5000
Seventeen transfers. aggregsting ...... tss. 1877
Omaha daily bee., 1888-09-30
DOCTOR
J. CRESAP MCCOY,
q.ate of Bellevue Hospital. New York;
Succeeded by
nnlvrnR Er|

Q.ate of bellevue Hospital. New York;
Succeeded by
DOCrOR
CHARLES NJ. JORDAN.
Late of the University of New York City md
Howard University, Washington, u. G.
HAS OFFICES 1911
No. 80 and 81 Range Buildiu0
Corner Fife emil and Harvey SITS. I, Omaha, Mel
where all durable cases are treated
with success. FH1
Note-Dr. Charles NJ. Jordan has bsen r.
dent physician for DR.. Mccoy, in Omaha
the past year and Is the physician who ~
made the cures that have been pu6lirk6
weekly In this paper.
Medical diseases treated skillftilly, Consumm
ton. Irlght's disease, Dyspepsia, NheumafS1
ana au DISEASES, All diseasca ~
CURED
CONSULTATION at Office or by mail, q.
Onlce hours-9 to II a. m, 2 to- d. M. fto a.
M sunday Office hours from 0 a. M,
correspondence receives prompt ttentt6o-
MANY Diseases are treated successfully 81 n.
GORDON through the mail $ sand II 10 thus poS3I
ior those unable to make q journey 70 U6lof
THEIR HOMES. g
Omaha daily bee., 1888-09-30
OMAHA WHOLESALE MARKETs.
Produce, Fruits, Etc.

.Ss>
Commission men are kept pretty busy
handling their receipts. Flour is very stiff
and advancing, in sympathy with wheat.
Hog products continue high and a stiff, ad-
v~ancing market is looked for.
BUrTER-Fancy, solid packed creamery, 1S
@23c: choice country, 16Glsc; common
grades, 10Gtl3c.
I~i0as-Strlctly fresh, 1S@19c candled.
CALIFORNIA GRAPEs-$l.2 501.50 per case.
CONCORD GRAPES -30QD40c per l0-lb
basket.
PEAcHEs-California, 81. OOa1.5O per box;
Michigan, 5Jc8Sl.00 per basket.
BANANAs-Common, : l.50@2.25 per bunch;
choice, 81. 5O(03.5O
LEMoNs-S4.0 O@5.O0 per case.
ORANGEs-S7. 0O0S.UU per box.
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES per dozen.
PLUMs-50@i5c per bu.
PoTAToEs-40@5Oc per bushel.
SWEET PoTAToEs-TJ0S0c per bu.
PoULTRY-No dressed fowl IN the market;
live chickens, $3.0063.5 50 per doz. spring
chickens. S2.0O92.25.
ToMAroEs-JOc@sl.O 90 per blu.
WATERMELoNs-S5 90 a 1000 per 100.
PEARs-California, S3.OOG3.5 so per bu box;
Southern, % per Is Blu.
CELERY-25@3Oc per dozen.
EGG PLANT-i5@s1.00 per dozen.
ONIoNs-5o@15c per bu.
APPLEs-S2. GOA W per Dbl.
CRABArPLEs-15c per bushel.
CIDER-Michigan, 81. 50(96.5 so per Dbl 80
gals; California pear cider, $500 per Dbl.
POP CoRN-Rice, 394c; common, 2@3c.
CARRoTs-50C per bushel.
BEANs-Cholce eastern handpicked navles,
$500 per bushel; western hand picked
navies, $l.150l.S0; mediums, l.6O.
Lima beans &c per pound.
HAY-f. o. D. cars. No. l upland, $500; No.
9 upland, $500.
BRAN-SlO. 500ll 90.
CHOPPED FEED-sl4. O0015.O per ton.
VlNEGAR-Cider, .l0@1Sc per gal. White
wine, 10000 per gal.
CRANDEERIEs-$1.oO@9. 90 per Dbl.
PRovIsroNs-Hams, No. J., Pic; No. 2,
1114c; shoulders, sac; rib bacon, 12c;
clear bacon, EXC; picnic hams, orc; dried
beef hams, 91c; dry sailed clears, short,
104c; extra short, Zoe; short ribs, 9&c;
picked pigs feet, 15lb kits, soc; lard, 11I@
12c; smoked sausage, case per Id; hog cas-
ings, 179lSc.
FLoUR-Nebraska patents, s5.00@8.00
Minnesota patents, s5.0J@j.60; straight
grades, s+.0O@5.00; bakers flour, s4.0o@4.5O
per barrel.