davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1888-08-22
ALBION, Idaho, Aug u
u II DE Y n Z 7 I.
Justice of the Peace, Albion Precinct
BOISE CITY, August II, 1ss.

DOlSE I'll Ii AuSust IL, 1000.
d. II. Bennett, J. p:
Dear Str:-You should apply to your dis
trict attorney for advice. He or the county
commissioner can demand my opinion, but
my opinion given to you on the questions
you ask would not be official or binding. 1
have examined The questions with some
care and have had occasion TO answer dis
tIict attorneys on the subject, and can say
to you that in my opinion If an applicant is
otherwise qualified elector and takes and
subscribes the ELECTION Oath" R s., ::5O4,
that oath is conclusive on you as to his
membership OF any of the prescribed OF
gaujzations, and as to whether he teaches
or encourages any person to commit the
named crimes or any other. Ii is your duty
to see that he understands the oath or that
he has read it. or that it has been read to
him, and If you have reason to believa that
he is about to swear falsely you should ex-
plain the oath to him and warn him, but
these are not questions for you to try In
any view of the law you have no right to re-
ject his application because he will not an
swer your preferred questions as to what he
believes or what he is a believer in. The
law does not profess to go into that ques
ton. Very Respectfully.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1888-08-22

do swear (or sffirm) that am a male
citizen of the United states of the age of
twenty-One (2l) years. or will be The -
day OF -----, Is. manning date of
nest election), that / have Tor will have)
actually resided in this Territory four al
months, and in this county for thirty (30)
days next preceding the day of The next en-
suing election: lin case of any election re-
curing q different time of residence, so
make it,; that have never been convicted
of tree son, felony or bribery; that am not
registered, or entitled to vote, at any other
place in this Territory, and l do further
swear that l am not a bigamist or pol e.
amist; that am not member of any order,
organization or association which teaches,
advises counsels or encourages its mem
bers, deVoteeS, or any other person TO
commit the crime of bigamy or polygamy,
or any other crime defined by law as a
duty arising or resulting from membership
in such order, organization or association
which practices bigamy or polygamy. or
plural or celestial marriage, as doctrinal
rite OF such organizations that Go not, and
will not, publicly or privately, or in any
matter whatever, teach, advise. counsel or
encourage any person to commit the crime
OF b1gamy or polygamy or any other crime
defined by law, Ell her as religious duty or
otherwise: that do regard the constitution
of the United States, and the laws of this
Territory, as interpreted by the courts. as
the supreme law of the land. the teachings
of any order organization or ASSOCIATION 10
the contrary Notwithstanding; when made
before Judge of Election, add: "And 1
have not previously voted at this election, -
SO help me God.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-05-10
Sore Eyes

The eyes are always in sympathy with
the body, and afford an excellent index
of its condition. When the eyes become
weak, and the lids intiamed and sore, it
is an evidence that the system has
become disordered by Scrofula, for
which Ayers Sa-saparilla is the best
known remedy.
Scrofula, which produced painful in
.ianniation in my eyes, caused me much
suffering for q number of years. BY the
advice of q physician 1 commenced taking
Ayers SarSapariila. After using this
medicine snort time was completely
Cured
NV ewes ere now in a splendid conCk-
ton, and am as well and strong as ever.
Mrs. William Gage, Concord, n. IL.
For number OF years ! was troubled
with q hunlor III my eyes, and was unable
to obtain any relief until l commences cor
using Ayers Sarsaparilla. This medi-
cine has effected a complete cure, and
believe it to be the best OF blood puri-
fers. &C. E. Upton, Nashua, n. ii.
From childhood, and until with few
months. have been afflicted with Weak
and Sore Eyes. 1 have used for these
complaints, with beneficial results,
Ayers Sarsaparilla, and consider it q
great blood purifier. = Mrs. c. Phillips,
Glover, Vt.
I suffered for q year with inflamma-
ton il my left eye. Three ulcers formed
on the ball, depriving me of sight, and
causing great pain. After trying many
other remedies, to no purpose, was final
ly induced to use Ayers Sarsaparilla.
BY Taking
three bottles of this medicine have been
entirely cured. My sight has been re-
stored, and there is no sign OF infiamma-
ton, sore, or ulcer in my eye. Kendall
T. Bowen. Sugar Tree Ridge, Ohio.
My daughter, ten years old, was aff1ict-
ed with Scrofulous Sore Eyes. During
the last two years she never saw light OF
any kind. Physicians of the highest
standing exerted their skill, but with ne
permanent success. On the recommen-
dation OF q friend I purchased bottle of
Ayers Sarsaparilla, which my daughter
commenced taking. Before she had used
the third bottle her sight was restored.
Her c1lre is complete. w. e. Suther-
land, Evangelist, Shelby City, Ky. tt
Ayers s SarsapariIIa,
Prepared by DR.. j. c. Aver s. Co., Lowell, Mas.
Sold by al Druggists. Price 81; six bottles, ~
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-05-10
CARSON WATER WORKs.

UyIIe REsERvOIRH Of THIS
Company are supplied with water
from Never Failing Springs, which fow
Irom the Sierra Nevada. BY analysis
nom all Impurities. The mains Of this
company having been laid in all the
principal streets of the otty, the water
is rendered available to all within tbs
city limits. Families, Hotels, Bars
stables, etc., supplied ON favorabls
SABOH WA1KR COMPANY.
on - . wen. D01uo 0o's.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
LIVE STOCK.

Chicago. Nov. S.-The Drovers' Jour
mai reports as follows:
Catte-Receipts. 10000; market stronger
beeves, S200td6.l5; stockers and feeders,
$l.95ltD330; COWS, bulls and mixed, 81. Asa
800; Texas cattle, 81. 50Q395.
Hogs-Receipts, 10000; market steady;
mixed, f5.3od5,65; heavy, g. iOC1570 light,
s5.25Qp565; skips, S35005,75.
Sheep-Reeeipts. 5000; market steady;
natives, s25OG4.25; westerns, s325@3. 55 I;
Texans, 81, 2,30@3l0; lambs, t3.7595,5o
Kansas City, Nov. S.-Cattle-Receipts,
2,252; shipments, none; market active and
strong; good to choice corn-fed, 81. 1895. % (;
common TO medium, s32594.50; grass
range steers, sl.5043.O0; stockers and feed
ing steers, $3.50 63,S5; cows, $lO092.9O.
Hogs-lteceipts, 1885; shipments, none (;
market active and steady to &c lower; good
to choice, $5.50Cd5GO; common to medium,
tt9Od540; slNps and pigs, s2.e0@4.70
National Stock Yards, East st.
Louis, Nov. s;-Catte = Receipts, 2,6l7;
shipments, 1850; market strong; choice
heavy native steers, S5.00a5.60; fair TO
good, s44065.0O; butchers steers, medium
to choice, s. 30d4 so; stockers and feeders,
fair to good, s2.l0G3.20; rangers, corn-fed,
S. 009+ 10; grass-fed, s.. l0@3,00.
Hogs - Receipts. 400; shipments, Ak; ;
market stronger; choice heavy and butchers
selections, s550t35.65; packing, medium 10
prime, s53O95,5O; light grades, ordinary to
best $5,25@p545.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
CHICAGO LIVE STOCK

CHICAGO, Nov. S-TSpecial Telegram TO
THE BEE .l--CATTLE-Trude was fair III spite
of the duh and dreary weather of the day
Dealers forgot for time their victories and
defeats in the election and settled down TO
the old Jog trot Of routine business. Ma
tive fat cattle are l0Dl5c higher than last
week, but the advance was largely yesterday,
as there is little or no change to-day. Good
native butchers stock is also stronger than
last week, some lots OF prime cows and
hcifcrs making an advance Of 15a25c, but it
should be remembered that the strength is
wholly due TO the light run. The demand is
no better than last wock and no new buyers
arc on the market Texans are also sold
stronger and good rangers were firm. There
were probably 5000 rangers and Texans,
about equally divided, on the market The
Btocker and feeder trade was quiet with
little or no change in values rs compared
with last week We note a car load Of milk
crs peddled out AZ from SO to $50. Choice to
extra bcevcs, S5.OCQ36.l5; medium 10 good
steers, 1850 To | 800 lbs, 81. l59i70; l,2Oo TO
l. $50 lbs, S3.509t4 10. $50 10 ,2OO lbs. 81. OOD
3,15. Stockcrs and feeders, Sl.95@3.3O; cows,
bulls and mixed 81 ,45(93.OO; bulk, S2O0a2.30;
Texas steers, s2.2Od300; cows, $l500p2. 80;
western rangers, t3.'O@3,95; cows, s2.409
SEQ.
Hoes--Trade opened steady. The few
carly sales showed no particular change as
compared with yesterday, but later on, when
IL was certain there would be large in
crease in the run over early estimates, there
was u quick downturn of 5(al0c, the bulk of
sales showing that reduction. The quality
was the best OF any day this week, carload
after carload averaging $50 los and upwards.
The bulk Of mixed and packing sorts sold at
t5.50Q95.60. A few fancy heavy made S5.65
The Underwood string OF hogs, consisting of
b09 head, averaged 3lS lbs aud cost 1857.
AT the close about tj506l5.6O for best heavy
and s., so for best light was about the market.
Some rough lots Of mixed sold as low as
g. 40(d545
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
Hogs.
Sheep,

The early market was a shade to sc lower,
but it closed fully up to yesterdays prices.
Everything was sold out carly.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
Receipts.

here were none here to make a market
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09

commission people did but little. London
was seller Of trunk lines and specalties,
and was prominent in dumping Reading,
which led during the first hours in activity.
Chicago gas trusts were an exception TO the
general weakness. Hollins bought and ad.
vanced this security, and at one time they
showed good gain over the opening. There
was considerable dullness throughout the
morning and BY noon nearly everything in
which there was any trading was little
below the first figures OF the day. Reading
proved 10 Oe the most active stock on the list,
and closed with a loss of nearly point, the
remainder OF stocks mostly showing a frac-
tional decline. 1t was a rather uninterest-
ing day.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
Metals ana Timers, Stock
THE REALTY MARKET.
Instruments Placed on Record +

ing Yesterday.
i Park and wife to w Park, und u OF
lt3Hg4 It, $40 tte OF sw cor. NV or ne
9.l5l3 e.d.,.............. ......... .....s 1900
J p Williams and wife to X Chambers,
lot - blk 3. bedford Place, w d.......... bfO
A L Drake et al to w ii Brown, lot q, blk
+. Drake add. W d............. ......... l,6O0
Ed Phelan to Hyde, $ ~ IT lot 10. blk
~, South Omaha, and und !. lot 4, blk
4 lst add South Omaha, and lots and
3, DIX II, South Omaha, W d.............. 900
Theo williamson and wife to G Stanley,
e ~ IT lot ~, blk X, Shinn's 3d add, W d. 800
j N Frostrow and wife 10 Is q Lung
strom, lot u, Buckeye Pla'e, W d. -. go
Flack and wife TO q + Dietrich, lot o.
UrC Il FlRck's sub. w d................. d 800
The Mutual Investment Co TO = j SILK
worth. lot \, blk 10. Highland Place,wd 5000
II A Truman 70 g Payne ct al, lots
and 8, blk ID, HighlanaPlace. qcd... 10
blk 10, Highland Place q d.......::.... I
and l.eis to II Mack, lot Is, blk 10,
Walnut Hin, wd ...,................. 100
WIN A Beatty TO T. Boyd, blk Z, Boyd's
add, q d, ...........,..,......,.. !
G w LOomis and wife 10 !. Christensen,
lot y, blk \, Westiawn add, W d...,...... 400
L K French and wife TO A Muir, lot ., blk
Z Central Park, W d. ......... ............ 900
Muir to J Green, lot 2, blk 7, Central
Park, wd,............ Il ................. $500
w Harshs TO G A Bennett, 8 \ OF lot 9s.
Nelson \ add, W q .................., 1000
q Antilles and wife TO A. Getzsehmann ct
al, W 70 IT OF lot 30, blk 9, Kount2e Sd
add, d.. ......................, Rl
Seventeen transfers.. az, ,543
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
GrOcers' List.

Revised prices are as follows.
RtccINc PPS,arr A seamiosS 900. ,nos
kca9 seamless IL. ~ Ta,usto oor,Inos Lnpaos
l0c: American scnmiess IIc, nnrIIans 4 70 Z
hm 1iGIac. rnnnns s;rr,o Jac. ."p1 "1,nrioS io =
G"nnbc Do, Vol socks aEc ,rwinos T"v, suIM!u
Ssc. ex,ro sail Snl1aIn'' So,i u 1om,S9,. ,H nnt
ton 2lc; iure, &c, - -'SS-''' 'o'-
I,vn IT,, S,,,rs ys I,;os - hoxo. ~ u, IAN
,sc dates in boxes sIoc To- oTA onddn ,f Moa%a NJ i"
iavcr rais,ns nor hoS 20 5nn"a *, Mai"aa
lo9sc raisins 90 301lS a. new VnIen'
Gin raisins ner IN 7sIc. California Ioose mns.
cateIs ner hpy 81 M. CaIifnrni, 7 onSons
81 45: pitted cherries per 10, 1Oo: Califor.
MA ni,ted NUNS p' ,er H. i'' ,0anIan
dried bIackberries mar IN 7iD@sc. dried
rasnberries ner In 24hf2,c. evanorated an.
niles. 7i6mIic. California snn dried neaches
lac: california unpared evaporateS beaches
l5@1Sc: eyaporated California anrcnts Isr,
Zantee currants GlIa7c. Turkish nrnnes
4i,M4g.c: citron. 29Gp24c. orange neei Ihc ,
lemon peel, l6c: California French nrunes
1ICa16c' ' f''
CoFrERs-Mocha. 25Ca26c: Rio good ls06
lie; Mandahling, 26CD9s roasting RIO 1870
l6c: o. @. Java 240b26. lava inferior 95,,9
25c; Rio, fancy i6al9: santos and Mara.
caibo. IIC3Igc: Arbuckles oIiIc, Nal 'amgb-
Inns XXXX, 2liIc.
SuGAK-Granuiated, 7sIc; conf. A, re;
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
Packers Purchases


Showing the number of hogs bought by
the leading buvers Oh the market to-day:
G.. II. Hammond " Co... 80. 800. 46S
Omaha Packing Observation-Disclosures. .l2g
Armour y. l.. tO...... Observation-Disclosures. "oi
Chicago Packing Co. Co....................2 25S
Highest and Lowest.
The following are the highest AMI lowest
prices paid for hogs during the past few DAYS
and on the corresponding dates one anl two
years ago:
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
OMAHA WHOLESALE MARKETS.

BUTTER-Fancy, solid packed creamery, 20
@23c; choice country, lSW20c; medium
grades, 1+0t lie; common grades, lOG1l6c.
FLouR-Nebraska patents, s600ta1 30;
grades, 5000 80; bakers flour, S5.25u0j I5
per barrel.
PoTAroEs-Nebrask 2504Oc per bushel;
Colorado 1jtlSOc.
SWEET POTATOES-2c per ID.
PouLrRY-Live chickens, S2.50tl2.T - per
doz.; spring chickens, $50 $500; dressed
chickens, StGlOc per Id; turkeys, Sml2c.
EGGs-Strctly fresh, 19c candled.
CONCORD GRAPEs-3O(,D Toe per lob baS-
ket.
MALAGA GRAPEs-In kegs. S60l0c per h.
BANASAs-Common, 81 5OM2.25 per bunch!
choice, 81 5UN03.5O.
LEMOSS-S5. 50 per case.
ORANGEs-Jamaica, $500CG6. 90 per barrel :;
Florida, a. 009t25 per box.
GAME-Per dozen: Mallards, SO 5oGI2 - !;
teal, 81 o @1.25; quail, 800; prairie chick
ems, $3.50: rabbits, $l.OO; squirrels, $l.OU;
venison, SQcl2c per ID.
CELERi-2j0:i0c per dozen.
ONIONS (GaOc per bu.
CABBAGE-s2,0 ,0D per 100.
BEETs-iOC per buShcl.
TuKSIps-3Oc per bushel.
SAuER KRAuT-Bbls, - IS; half bbls, g. IS.
APPLEs-Chuice, $2..50(lp2 - per Dbl; fancy,
500 per bbl: common, 81 50Ntl15 per bbl.
ClDER-Michgan, 6.O0GD6D per bb of 80
gals California pear cider. $500 per Dbl.
PoP CoRS-Rce, BOA; common, 2Gp3c.
CARRoTs-4Oc per bushci.
BEASs-Choice eastern handpcl1cd navics,
$2.0G per bushcl; western hand picked ma
vies, Sl.15C0l 50; mediums 81 .3UCdll.4O Lima
beans DC per pound.
HAY-F, o. b. cars, No. upland, Sc co; No.
upland, $500.
BRAS-Sl5 00UGl6QO
CHOPPED FEEp--sl4.0 .00@15,O0 per ton.
CoRN-3l0D32c.
OATs-22C923c.
VINEGAR lO0lsc per gal. White
wine, 100000 per gal
CRANBEnRrEs- 5O0l9 per Dbl.
PRovIsIoNs-Hams, No. l. 12c; No. Q,
lie; shoulders, 9ac; rib bacon, ll14c; clear
bacon, l2c; picnic hams, Zoe; dried beef hams,
l0L3c; dry salted clears. short, 9!2c: extra
short, 9lGc; short RIBS, 9l4c; picked pigs
feet, bib kits soc; lard, 9]4@lOc; smoked
sausage, 6(QSc per Id; hog caslngs, l7GllSc.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
FINANCIAL

New YORK, Nov, s,--LSpecial Telegram
20 TmE BEE. l-STocKs-The market opened
rather quietly and with a weak tone, exhibit
ing some fractional losses as compared with
last nights close. Tho early temper of the
room was bearish, ard some protest. anals
pat out q moderate line Of shorts, while tie
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
OMAHA LIVE STOCK.
Cattle.

Thursday, Nov S. 1855
The situation in the cattle trade was the
same as yesterday. There We're no cattle
here 20 make market What few loads there
were Were not desirable. A few head
changed hands at strong prices.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
Prevailing Price

The following Is a table OF prices paid iu
his market for the grades OF stocI men
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
The following were the closing quotations /:

MONEY on CALI.-Rasy at 2W2l1 per
cent, last loan 2 per cent, closed offered at
2 per cent.
PRIME MERCANTILE PAPER+94@6iS per
cent.
STERLING EXCHASGE-Dull but steady at
s.Al4 for sixty-day bills, and Seilf for
demand.
Omaha daily bee., 1888-11-09
Leather.

Hemlock sole, lSt0!;c per Id; oak sole, 3l(9
3 per lb; oak harness. Boa &c per Id; selec-
ted oak and trace c per lb; OAK and hem
lock upper, 20122c per foot. HenIock calf
skin, No. l, Souu9Oc per ID, according TO
weight; oak calf skin, No. l. 9ocQosl.oJ per
lb; Philadelphia calf skin, extra SlOJG 10
per ID; hem!oc kip skn,.,No. l, G00QiOc per
Ib; oak kip skin, No. |, 10 toSOc per 10: Phia-
dc!phia kip skin, extra, S0t69Oc per To-. French
calf skins, tlccording to weight and quality,
81 l50lio Der h. French kip SKINS do. SUcO0
Sl.l0 per 10. Cornovln russett, lSc; satin
finish, zoe PER foot; welt leather, So. 50t4. 90
Fer side moro o cos Geobe d goat! ,, soaaoc zoo noc
foot; glove calf skins, 20d3Oc per foot;
Douglas kid, 306iOc per foot; kangaroo
skins, 4OG5Oc per foot according TO quality.
TOppngs. SS00Gl00) per dozen; Innings.
S.. 0Od9.m per dozen; apron skins, Sl00JC0
IL 90 per dozen.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-05-05
TEMPERANCE ITEMS.

OF 419 arrests made in New Haven
Conn, in February, nearly sixty per
cent. were for intoxication.
1T is stated on the authority Of the
North Pole explorers that the men who
drank were the first to give out.
GOVERNMENT chemists at Washing.
ton have been Analysing samples Of,
beer from various parts of the country
and find all contain an alarming
amount of dangerous authorizations.
Rum and murder have certainly
mixed quite extensively and expensive
" over the country the past week.
The usual hard drinker. in n fit of rage
or jealousy or for simple wickednessv
has done with revolver and axe what
the rum qualified him to do 1t is a
pretty costly way of running things, the
freedom with which habitual drinkers
get their maddening drinks and the
irresponsible recklessress with which
royolvers are sold. --PAilGdelphidLedgss
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-05-05

Although the burrowino vertot-o.es
operate most vigorously in the forest
covered regions, they also exercise a
certain influence on the open country.
The moles, which work only here and
there in the forest, are consnicuous
agents in overturning the soil in the
erased regions. Still, as this cropn is
peculiarly limited in its distribption and
rarely penetrates to more than fonr or
five inches below the surface, it exercises
a relatively small effect. The field
mice are more potent agents in effect
ing the character of the soil Their
dwelling-chambers are at considera-
BILE depth below the surface, and in
forming them, they a bring certain
amount of matter to the omen air.
Moreover, the remains of their food. as
well as their eXcrements, are important
contributions to the organic matter Of
the soil. Insects in their laryal stage
exercise less effect in the omen field
than in the forest-covered regions: still
they are not to be left out of account in
considering the process of soil-maling
in such areas. In Europe the rabbit,
which has habit of burrowing to
considerable depth. and in certain dis
tricts west of the Mississippi, the prairie
dogs overturn the soil on the areas they
occupy with considerable rapidly. Still
as the number of these creso qres in any
given district is not greats heir inau-
ence is mostly exercised i'm 47ery local
way. a.
The foregoing consideratofnaoaBAtsr
tolerably clear that our sh1SSstssss.
some districts. by far the mos mp'r-
tant agents in overturning tP soil and
in commingling the supTtcsl organic
matter with the minera' material Of
which it is composed. Although on
field of certain class. tPse which are
of q clayey nature th earth-worms
are probably more elIicant soilmakers
than the ants, this latte group appears
to be, at least in the eastern part of
North America on tie whole, by lar
the most effective in tie preparation Of
the soil for the needs Of plants. They
do not, it is true, takethe soil into their
bodies, and thus disitegrate it, as the
carth-woms do, but they accomplish
what is perhaps the more important
task of rapidly overurning the soil
material as well within the forests as
in the open fields, wherever that mate
rial is of sandy nature.-POpu9ar
ScieEce M0nthIN.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-05-05
THE LITTLE GRAVE.

There's a spot on the hillside far away,
Where in summer the grass grows green;
Where. beneath q rustling elm trees shade,
A moss-covered stone is seen.
'Tis quiet and unfrequented spot,
A solitude lone and wild;
Yetc-somebody' hopes are buried there
IT'S the grave Of little child.
In winter, alas that messy stone
Is hid meath a shroud of snow;
But around it, in springtime, fresh and sweet,
The daisies and voiets grow;
And DER it the summer breezes blow,
With fragrance soft and mild,
And the autumn's dead leaves thickly strew
That grave Of little child.
And every year there's a redbreast comes,
When the month Of May is nigh,
And builds her nest in this quiet spot,
Mid the elm trees branches high;
With her melody sweet by the hour she trills,
AS II by the scene beguiled;
Perhaps-whO knows? it's an angel comes
To the grave Of that little child.
Yes, somebody's hopes lie buried there,
Some mother is weeping in vain,
For, though years may come and years may go
Twill never come back again,
Yet blessed are those who die in youth,
The pure and the undefiled;
Some road to Heaven, perchance, runs through
That grave OF a little child
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-05-05
THE OLDEST ROCKS.
Formations Largely Developed in Northern
America and Europe,

America and Europe.
Oldest of all the formations known
TO biologists, and representing perhaps
the earliest rocks produced after our
earth had ceased to be q molten mass,
are the hard, crystalline and much-con-
tOrted rocks named by the late Sir w.
f. LOGAN Laurentian, and which are
largely developed in the northern parts
of North America and Europe, and in
many other regions. So numerous and
extensive, indeed, are the exposures of
these rocks, that we have good reason
to believe that they underlie all the
other formations of our continents. and
are even worldwide in their distribu-
ton. In the lower part of this great
system of rocks, which, in some places
at least, is thirty thousand feet in
thickness, we find no traces of the ex-
istence of any living thing on the earth.
But, in the middle portion of the
Laurentian, rocks are found which in
dictate that there were already land and
-syater, and that the waters and possibly
the land were already tenanted by liv-
ing beings. The great beds of lime
stone which exist in this part of the
system furnish one indication of this.
In the later geological formations the
limestones are mostly organic-that is,
they consist of accumulated remains
of shells, corals and other hard parts of
marine animals, which are composed
of calcium carbonate, which the animals
obtain directly from their food, and in
directly from the calcareous matter
dissolved in the sea-water. In like
manner great beds of iron ore exist in
the Laurenhan; but in later formations
the determining cause of the accumula-
ton of such beds is the partial deoxida-
ton and solution of the peroxide of
iron by the agency of organic matter.
Besides this. certain forms known as
Eozoon CanadenSe have been recog-
nized in the Laurentian limestones.
which indicate the presence at least Of
one of the lower types of marine ami
mails. Where animal life is, we may
fairly infer the existence of vegetable
life as well. since the plant is the only
nroducer of food for the animal.-StT
WILLIAM Daa0soD, iD Popular Science
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