davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
The Earliest Use of Steel Pens.

The earliest notice of steel pens is by
Wordsworth. In 1906 he and his family
were occupying the house at Coleorton
during the absence of Sir George and Lady
Beaumont, and in the month of December
the poet wrote to the latter what he calls
''the longest letter ever wrote in my life, :"
and with reason, as it fills eighteen pages.
He begins: "My Dear Lady Beaumont
There's penmanship for you | shall not
be able to keep it up to the end in this
style, notwithstanding have the advantage
of writing with one of your steel pens, with
which Miss Hutchinson has just furnished
me" The next mention that | have noted
is by DIR. Kitchiner in 1924, when, speak
ing of friend above sixty, he says ''This
strain of the eye and occasion for spectacles
of a high magnifying power is particularly
found in mending pens, so that he has a
sufficient number of pens to prevent the
necessity of mending any of them until he
has finished writing To this there is APP
pended note: "To those who find the
mending of pens rather difficult job re-
commend the occasional use of steel pen,
especially when they wish to write very
small and neatly" The steel pen seems
to have been still rarity at that time, and
my own schoolboy experience tends to
show that it was. From about 1924 to
1884 do not remember the use of steel
pens in school, and in the earlier years,
1925 to 1880, l have distinct recollection
of our using quills.-Notes and Queries
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
A Blow at Iced Tea.

s'Give me a tenderloin well done, some
Lyonnaise potatoes and some celery"
eyes, sir
And waiter, bring me some iced tea. "
"The worst thing you could drink, re-
marked a doctor who was taking lunch
with a reporter.
GLOW is this?'
First the cold water is not good for
your stomach, and then as preventative
from any epidemic it is well to boil all flu
ids for drinking purposes. Tea taken hot
is more wholesome than iced tea. To
prove this just look at the Chinese. Their
population is enormous but it could never
have increased to its present numbers If
epidemics had ravagod that empire as they
have those of the West. The Chinese are
a healthy people in spite of their indescrib-
ably filthy surroundings. / attribute this
to their use of tea as a beverage. This is
the only redeeming feature Of their lives.
They do not drink it iced, but hot, and to
make it they have to boil the water. In
the presence Of an epidemic of cholera,
typhoid fever or dysentery the visest pre-
caution to take is to boil all fluids used for
drinking purposes.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
Utilizing Pea Pods.

DIR. Jacobsen is authority for ready
method of utilizing the delicious marrow
that lies among the fbers of the pea pod,
and which is sweeter and better than the
peas themselves, which, when Of the best
sorts and at Their best, arc the first of all
vegetables for fine flavor, tenderness, sue
culeuce and uutritiousness. So save for
use all the tender sweet pulp Of the shells,
separated from the troublesome fibre which
prevents their use with the seeds in most
sorts of peas. Dir. jacobson directs to boil
the shells well in water, TO which has been
added little carbonate of soda; then strain
through cloth, and, after adding some
sugar to the liquid, boil it down til thick
The extract thus obtained will keep for
any length Of time without becoming
moldy, and tcaspoonful of it added to a
bowl of soup gives to it the favor Of fresh
green peas, besides adding to its material
quality.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
Some Large Guns.

From the american MagasiHe for June.
The Elswick breech-loading riaed can
non weighs one hundred and ten tons; the
diameter of the bore is 1926 inches; it
hurls projectie of 1900 lbs, and uses
habitually S50lbs of powder at a discharge.
This gives an energy of 53,927 foot-toDs
"a foot-ton is the work expended in raising
a toms weight one vertical FOOT. With
one thousand pounds of powder, the muz-
zle velocity is 2,12s feet q. e, the distance
the projectile would pass over in second,
with the same speed it had on leaving the
muzzle), and the energy $3.50 tons.
The new English war ship "Benbow,"
which has just been completed at cost of
four million dollars, will have tive Of these
Elswick guns, and the Italian government
has received from Krupp's mandatory
three others weighing 1854 tons each.
Another, i39 tons in weight, 15.7 inches
calibre, is under construction. 1t is 523
feet long, and has two projectiles. The
lighter weighs 1880 pounds, is As inches
in length, requires ,069 pounds of powder,
and is estimated, at the muzzle, to pierce
45 inches of wrought iron. The heavier
is 81 inches long, weighs 2,3l4 pounds,
and with the same charge of powder is es-
timated to penetrate AZ inches Of wrought
iron.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
The Declaration of Independence.

Speaking of the "Immortll Declaration, Il
it may not be generally known that the
actual document scarcely deserves the title,
for it is so faded that it is all but impossible
to read it. Many of the signatures are
absolutely invisible. Curiously enough,
however, there exists right here among US
what may fairly claim to be duplicate
A number of years ago gentleman inter
csted in autographs got permission from
the Government to have an exact copy
made of the text of the document from the
original 1t was done by some process,
the result was an exact fac-simile. Then
he picked up here and there actual auto
graphs of all the signers, and fastened these
to the copy, each in its proper place. The
result was fac-simile of the Declaration,
with genuine, bona-fde signatures. The
gentleman who did this is the Hon. Mellen
Chamberlain, Superintendent of the Public
Library, and the document in question
hangs in his house in Chelsea.-Boston
Herald
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
Will Astonish You.
@ SHARPER BROS, ~a
mar IL
dor s ALE.

III Acres prime limestone aa11ssssSsE
land near New Windsor, 74ss
miles from Westminster; fine buildings, all
in good condition; a very desirable farm;
price $12 ,000-half cash, balance on 5 years
time.
Farm of $50 acres. Al miles from Westmin-
ster, q miles from Patapsco Station, w. M.
R. r. Buildings fair. PRICE 81, 800.
Choice little farm of 552 acres, half mile
from Westminster; good soil; brick house;
large barn; all in good conditionprice 81 900.
Nice little home; 8 acres; prime land; 4
miles west from Westminster; brick house;
Plaster and bone mill on W. Md. Railroad;
buildings new; best of machinery; IA acres of
land; good water power; splendid opening
to engage in profitable and growing business;
terms easy; price $1,000.
225O acres prime timber land on Cheat
river, West Virginia. Heavy original growth
of poplar, red oak, ash, walnut, cherry, &C.;
land valuable for grazing purposes after timber
is off; price 81 per acre,
Machine shops at New Windsor, Midi all
the necessary buildings for the manufacture
and repair of machinery. This property will
be sold; a bargain at easy payments; price
s., 500.
8 or acres of woodland, near public road
from Westminster to Mt. Airy, miles south
east from New Windsor. Price $3.50.
A small home, acres, on road from West
minister to New Windsor, mile from former
place; good house, gaed stahlipgl good water,
extra fine fruit, 10. PRICE $l251.
Fine brick house on John street, 9 rooms,
conveniently arranged, all in first class con-
dition. Quite bargain at $500.
800 acres near Finksburg, Nd; 6 miles
from Westminster, l mile from Railroad
Station; land in fair condition; 100 acres in
timber; stone house, bank barn; will be divid-
ed if desired; $50 per acre.
80 acres prime land, halt mile from West
minister; large bank barn, fine orchard, splen-
did building site for house; price $4,000:
Large brick hotel in Westminster, on Main
street, near Railroad Depot; price $14,0O
Farm As acres, II miles from Westminster;
land good; buildings good; orchard choice
fruit; price $50 per acre.
Farm 70 acres, Smiles from Westminster, 2
miles from Hampstead, nearest II. II. Station,
good house and barn; SO aeres cleared land
in good condition; $35 per acre.
Nice Little Home, one mile from West
minister; so acres of prime land, good brick
house; price, $500.
Twenty acres good land, good buildings,
near Westminster, So, 800.
One hundred acres, best quality of land, q
miles from Westminster; buildings only fair,
good water, &C.; price, S., 500.
Brick house and lot in Westminster; 81 200.
Double brick house and lot in Westmin
ster; 81, 500.
Also, some fine pasture lots, ranging from
2 to acres, adjoining Westminster.
For particulars call on or address
sepS,tf E. LYNCH, Westminster, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
Beauties of the Law as fracticed

From the Albany Journal, June @.
A recent incident in this city pretty well
illustrates the elasticity and resources of the
law. A gentleman bought at auction an
alleged brick house for $4,000, paying
$500 down. The same evening he was
informed by friends that it was not gen
uine brick house, but 'veneered" one
that Is, frame house with single thick
ness of brick outside. He consulted Law
yer 4 as soon as possible, and the lawyer
secured an injunction restraining the auc-
tioneer from paying the $500 to the seller
and then brought suit to recover the $500
and 81 900 damages. Lawyer B, repres-
enting the seller of the house, looked
into the matter, consulted one or two
architects, and became satisfied that he had
no case, that Lawyer 4 was right in
claiming that the house was not brick and
that fraud had been committed in selling
it for brick house. He therefore com
promised with Lawyer 4 by returning the
5000, The auctioneer was unable to col
lect his commission from the seller, the lat
ter claiming that he had instructed the
auctioneer to sell the house for what it
was, and had not authorized him to sell it
as brick house. The auctioneer then
consulted Lawyer A to see if he could aid
him. "But you advertised and sold the
house as brick house?" ayes" "Then
if we can pfoVe it WIS 2 brick house l
think we can recover replied Lawyer 4,
He looked around and found two or three
builders who were willing to testify that it
was a brick house. The foundation and
basement were brick He then brought
suit to recover the SIS commission, Lawyer
B again representing the seller. At the
trial Lawyer A was on haAd With several
witnesses to prove that the house was q
brick one. Lawyer B was not prepared
fpF this line of attack by A and had no
witnesses On hand to febHt him, and A
secured q Judgment for the s75 with costs.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
Advice to Young Writers.

BIZ C. A. Dana.
1t is almost superfuous to say that in
the profession of literature the first requl-
site is ability to see, to feel and to think,
and great part of this ability is education.
Without education no one can expect to
become writer, and the more education
the better, provided it be of the right sort.
There are two objects to be attained by
education. The first is knowledge, and
the second is accuracy Accuracy Is the
power of Distinguishing the truth as it is.
1t makes little difference what are the
peculiar branches of study that are pursued
in the process of education, provided that
the pursuit is such as to train and fortify
the power of Distinguishing the truth and
the faculty of stating it accurately. But
the more extensive and varied the studies
of youth, the richer will be the stores OF
information, and the more numerous the
points of contact with the infinitely varied
world of men and things in after life. No
one ever learned any branch of knowledge
which was wholly useless, and no one ever
cultivated any faculty that did not bring
its reward In the pursuits of literature
and the profession of writer these maxims
have truth of their own.
Reading, omnivorous and universal, Is Of
the greatest utility; but thinking must al
ways 90 with it. Food without digestion
is useless.
The best school for writing is news
paper office, with intelligence at the head
No other college is possible where the
discipline of rhetoric, of taste and ofknowl
edge is so effectually applied.
The first rule of good writing is to use
always the simplest and plainest words
State the fact or express the point or prin
ciple which you desire to convey so that
every reader will understand it exactly al
you intend it to be understood. Have only
one idea in view at time, and besure tina
you have expressed it clearly and intelli
gently before you go to another.
Above all, avoid affectation, and thu
worst affectation of all is the afectation O
wit. The highest intellectual gift is thu
power to know the truth Next to this il
Judgment; next, wit; and the greatest of al
intellectual qualities is imagination. TIL
writer who possesses imagination may be
come immortal.
But the possession of these glorious en-
dowments is granted to but few, and wher
they are not conferred by nature the effor
to attain them is vain and tedious. Ye
every one can possess the faculty of sim
plicity, of truth and of accuracy, each an
all of them priceless treasures, indispensa
BILE to successful writer.
Moreover, the intellectual and artist
qualities of writing are not all. The mora
quality is quite as important, perhaps NOR
so. First, you must believe in something
Principle, conviction, primary truths mus
live at the bottom of your mind, or 20
cannot make them live in the minds G
others. He who believes nothing, has n
ideals, to whom the future offers no hopt
and no prospect of a more generous destin
for mankind, whose country is not as dea
to him as his own heart, can never be NOR
than a plodding and mechanical writer, an
the greatest success he may attain wi
wither in his grasp.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
Our 0liu.
Pieces of Business Advice.

A thoroughly honest clerk can always
command better salary than one of equiv
ocal habits.
Hewho has traded out his neighbor good
opinion is pretty sure to die poor man,
however high the price for which he sold
it. When business is attended with minute
ness of detail, strict punctuality, it runs
evenly, without jar or friction, and insures
success.
1t is a statistical truth that no single
cause leads to more disasters than the use
of liquors, not necessarily through drunk
enness, but the enfeebling of the judg-
meut.
In dress be neat and unobtrusive. The
perfection of dress is to be so perfectly
in keeping with your occupation that the
attention of an observer is not directed to
it at all.
Vainly shall a man hope to live and
thrive by buying and selling after his
neighbor; his customers have learned by
sad experience that his word is not relia-
BILE, that his representations of the cost and
quality of his wares are not to be trusted
Fuming and fretting in and around a
store, finding fault with clerks and en-
ployes, denotes lack of order and bust
ness tact, and exposes the merchant to
ridicule and unpleasant comments from
those from whom he should have respect
and confidence.
Never do business for the sake of doing
it.
Do not be in hurry to get rich. Grad
nal gains are the only natural gains.
1t is not the business that eleyates the
man, but the man who elevates the bust
ness.
Never take great hazards, for they are
seldom well balanced by the prospects of
profit.
The man who has not one-half of his
stock paid for is an unsafe customer, pro-
vided he has no other available means.
Stick to your business. Let spectators
make their thousands in day. Your
increase may be slow, but it is sure and
safe.
The honorable merchant who infuses
energy, ability, honesty and good sense in
his business, with moderate capital, invari-
ably succeeds.
When trade is dull use every legitimate
means to improve it. Some merchants
stop advertising when trade is slow. This
is Just the time it is most needed.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
A Mistaken Idea Of Exercise.

DIR. VIM f. Hutchinson, in The An,er-
lean Magazine for june, says Women
seem to think that house work, the daily
toll that reaches from sun to SUI, is suiii-
cient; whereas it is as apart from exercise
as labor is from rest, as this incident will
show. And yet to be at its best, our ex-
ereise must be SO regular and systematic as
to seem almost like toll. For general
rule, there is no form that does women so
much good as walking The best period
is in the forenoon, when natural forces are
mounting up aud carrying weakness upon
their tide. After the morning bath and
toilette, and time viii permit the arrange
ment, an early breakfast of milk and a
biscuit should be taken and start made.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
WHERE to BUY FRUIT TREES.
Buy Native Fruit, and buy at Home.

Unprincipled fruit tree agents are now can
wasting this County and Town for the sale of
fruit trees and are disappearing me by
maliciously stating that | am selling for firm
who do not grow their stock, and that the fruit
is not adapted to this climate, &c. l am pre-
pared to prove that such assertions are false.
| sell for Franklin Davis & Co., Balti-
more, nurseries. All nursery stock sold by
me is grown at their several nurseries within
six miles of Baltimore city.
/ warn the fruit buying public to beware of
any one who has to resort to dishonest means
to make their business go. Farmers of Car
roll county, have you not had swindles enough
perpetrated upon you? l will sell you such
fruit only as suits your locality and prove to
your satisfaction it is better adapted to this
soil and climate. | am resident agent.
The Office of the firm is Cor. of Baltimore and
Paca street, and you can talk with them by
telephone. As to my business habits, integ-
rity of character, &C., | refer to the business
men of Westminster. Hold your orders and
will fulfill my promise to you. l mean just
what l say.
JAMES F. RINKER,
feb25tf Westminster, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
q. l.. REAVER,
At R. R. Depot, has a complete and attractive
stock of Spring and Summer
Shoes, Hats, Trunks, Valises
and Umbrellas.

Regent addition to my room and stock has
made py assortment unusually complete, and
now show particularly large and elegant
variety of styles.
MEMS PLOUGH SHOES. Isl and $l.25
LADIES' SHOES. .75c, 81 and up
CHILDREN'S SHOES. .35c, soc and up
AGENT FOR SLESINGER'S TENDER
FEET SHOES.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
MAGISTRATES OFFICE.

/ take this method of Informing my friends
and the public that have opened an Office
for the transaction of the
DUTIES OF A JUSTICE OF THE PEACE
in the Haines l. Co. Building, next door to
the store, nearly opposite the First National
Bank, and respectfully solicit patronage. |
shall also continue
THE BUSINESS OF FIkE INSURANCE
upon very liberal terms, being agent for the
Royal of Liverpool, North America of Phila-
delphia, and Etna of Hartford, Conn.
GEO. W. MATTHEW'S, j. p,
mays If Westminster, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
HATS. HATS.

In addition to my complete line of Hats,
in various grades and styles, am showing a
MAGNIFICENT LINE of CRUSH HATS.
All the newest styles and latest shapes in
Black, Blue, Brown and Neutral Galors.
Bas@ A FINE LINE OF STRAW HATS.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30

And so with everything within the four
walls of our store. They must go, and go
now, while the season is at its height. No
use waiting till the sun turns down hill.
Well make hay while it shines. You can get
anything you want for almost anything you
NAV give. EMBR0IDERIES in Cambria
and Swiss fearfnlly reduced.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
baltimore AND POTOMAC
ID RAILROAD.

On and after June 4th, 1888, trains viii run as
FROM CALVERT STATION.
For Washington 7OO 7.S5 a. m and SIS n. M
daily except sunday, and AS, $40, $40 m, and
l225. 1;55, 40 Gao and 1872 p m daily.
For Popes Creek Line, 700 a. m. and Ais p. m.
For Annapolis 735 a. m. and 4.4O D. M, daily
except Sunday. Sunday, $40 a. m; and 44O p, m.
and 440 p. m, daily, except Sunday.
For the South via. Piedmont Air Line at $40 and
| $40 a. m. LBS and 9.S2 p, IN. daily.
For points on the Manassas Division, 1925 p. m.
weekdays.
ley system via Charlottesville i55 p m. daily $40
a. m. daily, except Sunday.
FROM UNION STATION.
For Washington, 400, $40, $50 705 740, S23 as,
and s42 p. m; on Sunday, 400 so, ESQ SIS, SlI5 a.
M. 2.45 205, 4.50, CSC. S.12 and 9.42 p. m.
For Pope's Creek Line, 705 a. m. and 4.2O p m.
For Annapolis 74O a. M, 12.4O $50 and 655 p. m.
On Sunday, % q. m. and $50 p. m.
For Richmond and the South at 400 and 9.45 q.
m. every day and $50 p. m. week-days
For Piedmont Air Line at $50 andsA a. m. 2!o5
For points ON Manassas Division, 1910 p. M, week
days. ,.
ley system via Charlottesville 2O5 p m. daily and
9i5 a. m. and 2.59 p. m. Qimited) week days.
FROM PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE STATION.
For Washington 5.24 655, 40, IA and SIS a. m
1850, 2lO, Ass, 545 7O5 and 946 p m. On Sunday at
=
For Annapolis IA a. m, and 455 p. m week
Leave washington hi 81 for = at IS 5e
si 40 10 40. 600, 74O. 1000 and Ito p m on
Sundays at AGO. 9O5 $50 n.4O a. m, 200, 3.45, 49,
600, 7.4O 1000 and 1l.20 pm.
CAToNSvILLE BRANCH.
Leave Calvert Strpet-For Gainesville, Cos. 74O
$50 a. m, 800 43S, 40 and $50 p m. Sundays, 92S
. Leave Lea Union ststfon.--At elO 745 and ss5 a. m,
sos 4.4S 6.25 and 9.S5 p m. weekdays. Sundays,
Leave Pennsylvania Avenue statlon-At 6l5.
$50 and 940 m, $40, 44s. 63O and $40 p. m week
Leave catcnsyiiie for BaltimoreR Gas, ST.
10S5 m, $40. 5.25 III and 1910 weekdays Sum
days, l0l5 a. m, 400 and 1910 p m Jun Q
EOR SALE.-The subscriber offers for
sale a TRACT OF LAND, formerly
part of "Clover Hiil,i lying near Patapsco
Falls. 1t is of very excellent quality, in a
high state of cultivation. viii sell 10, 20, so
or more acres to suit, on very reasonable
terms. A clear title given. For further in-
formation apply to E. N. BUCKINGHAM,
my 9 Near Enksburg, Carroll CO., Md.
JOHN BEAVER
MANUFACTURES OF
Monuments and Headstones
In Marble and Polished Granite.
LOWEST PRcEs.
marS GINS Westminster, Nd
FOR SALE
TWO SECOND HAND BICYCLES.
One a Safety Bicycle. Credit Terms if De
sired. CHAS. E. FINK,
Attorney at Law,
No. 100 East Main Street,
may2l tf Westminster, Md.
EoR RENT.-Dwelling No. 2I5 east
Main street; rooms. good location. III
Apply to cHAs. E. FINK, Atty. at Law,
apr l42 Westminster, Nd.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
REMOVAL.
JOHN E. EcKENRoDE,
MANUFACTURER OF
COACHES, CARRIAGES,
Jaeger Wagons. Huggies, Phmtons.
&C., &C., &c.
Special Attention Gipen to Repairing.
All Orders Promptly Filled and
Work of Every Kind Warranted.

pGFACTOBY, Corner of Liberty and
George Streets, Westminster, Nd, where !
have just erected new aed large Shops, giving
me better facilities than heretofore. A call
is solicited. may 5.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30
. E. BAUeHMAN, D. D. s..
DENTIST.
WIN visit the sollou;na MAC,
E,EED! FEEDl FEEDl

Corn Flour, Corn Chop, Chicken Feed and
Good Mixed Chop as low as the lowest. Will
deliver free of charge to customers in town.
WIN. A. SHRIVER,
jul2atf Telephone con. Ayondale, Mill.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30

Well sweep off 800 DRESS PATTERNS,
in fast colors, at next to nothing prices.
LAWNS 3lc per yard, and FINE CALIC0ES
SC. We dare any house to buy them at the
price.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30

To sweep away everything is our object.
We don't stop to figure out what the goods
cost; we only want to know what will make
them move-what'll make people jump at
them. For instance:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1888-06-30

We find lot of S5c Cashmeres in all the
new shades, and we cut them to 25c. They'd
sell at S5c-they'll sell faster at quarter.
That's the point