davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27
JOHN F. WHEATON. Custodian.

PROPOSALS FOR FURNISHING SHIP
i CHANDLERY AND NATIONS FOR REVE-
NUE. VESSELS.-Custom House, Savannah,
Collectors ONCE, May a. Sss.-Sealed proposals
will be received at this Office until II O'Clock
noon of TUESDAY. May 20. 1888, for supplying
rations and ship chandlery for the use OF crews
and vessels of the u. S. Revenue Marine Service
in this collection district for the fiscal year end
ing June 30, 1880. Schedules of articles of ship
chandlery to be bid for will be furnished on APP
plication az this office The right is reserved to
reject any or all bids, and no contract win be
put in force until Congress shall have made an
appropriation for the purpose
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27

Infants Kid Button, worked button hole
and tassels, Soc, at A. S. Cohen.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27

LOUISVILLE, May e6.-Grain and provisions un-
changed.
NAVAL STORES.
NEW YoRK, May 26, noon.-SpirIts turpentine
quite at 361tc. Rosin quiet at 81 20ll1 rs
500 p. m.-Tnrpentine dull at 36lSo
CHARLESTON. May 26.-Turpentine Arm at
3Sc. Rosin quiet.
WuNNeros, May26.-sprits turpentins steady
at $50. Rosin firm; strained s5c, good
strained soc. Tar firm at 81 05 Crude cur
pentino Hrm: hard 81, yellow dip 81 90, virgin
$2.0O.
New YoRx. May 26.-Rice steady and quiet.
New ORLEANS, May 26-Rice unchanged.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27

CLEARED YESTERDAY
Steamship Tallahassee, Fisher. New York-C
G Anderson. Agent.
Steamship Juniata, Askins, Philadelphia-C G
Anderson, Agent
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27

Drink Malto at soda fountain.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27

COTTON
vi,I VERPooL. May &c, noon.-Cotton, spot dull
MI very small business; middlng uplands 59sd
snauiIhg Orleans Tied; sales 5000 bales, for
- O1 1 and export 500 bales; receipts
H. H. oales-Americ IAN $780,
Jun. es-uplands, low middling clause,
S S1is, and July delivery 24-e4d July and Au-
boz ctoIS @4o4d; August and September 23-64d I;
anS T io and November sod. Market dull
Ampp,imI:- sales of the day included 400 bales
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, low middng clause, May
SeIissly 2i-64d, sellers; May and juno 24-64d
Any,,ss,, June and July 24-64d sellers July aud
& S9ssss s4,O4d, buyers; August and September
seispssou sellers; September and October 14.o4d
Novoa,SS., october and November D-64d sellers
tepeeIlper and December 7-04d, value; Sep.
Mr. Atad, sellers. Futures closed steady.
nigd,, YORK, Nay &c, noon.-Cotton steady
sales 'ing g. uplands loo, midding Orleans 1o1sc;
saisu utiessI,,Marset opened quiet but firm, with
and o as follows: May delivery opened at 9 SSc
ggIcc. i9 Id at s9lc; June opened 92c, closed
ona n, July opened 10 02c, closed 10 00c; August
ps0n :, ~ lie, closed 10 09c; September opened
slSee' closed Tie; October opened Q 45c, closed
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27
CLEARED YESTERDA

DEPARTED YESTERDAY.
Steamer Progress, Ward. Augusta and way
landings-W T Gibson, Agent.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27

CUSTOM HOUSE, SAVANNAH, Ga, May 26,
" lSss-Sealed proposals will be received
until ~ O'Clock, May 20, 1888 for furnishing
plies required for this building during the fiscal
year ending June 30. 1889. Particulars on ap-
plication. acceptance of proposals dependent
upon Congress making the necessary appropria-
ton.
John E WHEATON Custodian
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27
PROPOSALS WANTED.
Bids w anted.

dds for remodeling the Second Baptist
ID Church, Greene square, Savannah, accord
ing to plans and specifications, which may be
seen at the residence OF the PASTOR REV. A.
ELLIS, Al Perry street, will be received up to
10 O'Clock NJ. on 18th June 1888. Right reserved
to reject any or all bids.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27
SHIPPING INrELLfGENCE.
SUNDAY. May "a, 1888

SUNDAY. May "a, 1888
ARRIVED YESTERDAY.
Steamship Chattahooc hee, Daggett, New York
-CG Anderson.
Steamer Ethel, Carroll, Cohen's Bluff and way
landjngs-W Gibson, Manager.
The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-05-27

PrcE-The market continues entirely nomt-
nal There were no saieS iopor'eo oulilis 'ne
day. IA. - 1911, 41... e. .L, 49,.
AN we're 449 982 bushels, and the shipments of
DIaan Al bO3 barrels distributed as follows: To
psitimore e0s6 barrels; to Boston, 1925 bar
rsis 70 New York 5,41S barrels; to Philadel-
,,5ia 900 barrels; to the interior, 1924 bar
r raIs The stock of rough on hand is Is, 956
bushels and Of clean 2, III barrels.
At the Board of Trade the market was re-
norted dull at the following quotations, Small
sob lots are held at 1s0Ac higher.
MISUNDERSTANDING. -.a98G44
Good .....~~.. .o2SDbtb
Prime. observation-disclosures. .'~S.. GO .oS4D6
Rough
Tide water. ...".............$1 15Q1 80
Country lots ....-..srAs. SS0l III
NAVAL SroREs-The market for spirits turpen-
tine was quiet but firm and higher. There was
fair demand, with light offerings. The sales
for the day were only 100 casks, at 1870
for regulars At the Board of Trade on the
openjng call the market was reported firm at
sic for regulars At the closing call it was
steady at 93I6c for regulars Rosn-The market
was Quiet and easier at a slight decline in the
lower grades The sales for the day were
Is4O barrels. At the Board of Trade on
the first call the market was reported steady
AT the following official quotations. A, B, G., d,
3 and 9716c, G 81 90, H 81 0211. l 81 Is, K
s1S, NJ 81 IS, 81 70, window glass 81 20.
water white 81 so. At the last call it closed
steady, with sales of oil barrels at the follow
ng quotations: A, B, G, D, E and F 95c, G
gIac, H 81 90, 81 1919. Other grades un-
changed.
, 1888-02-22

The amount for the Prison Department
waSabout 500 more, owing to an additional
expense for clothing. Divers Expenses
had been increased by 800, due to the grant
ing of a small pension to Mrs. 10 entz, and
lastly the Building Expenses were in
creased by $2084; of these, the expenses
for repairs were $500 higher than last year,
chiefly because the buildings dt Peters
Farm Hospital required extensive repairs,
while The item for New Buildings had been
mainly increased by the proposal to build IA
School House at Rose Hill, which would
cost about $1,000. In regard to this last
item he would remark, that since it was
proposed, the circumstances have SO much
altered, that it would now be necessary to
provide a building capable Of accommoda,
ting $50 children, for which purpose such
a small building as was first contemplated
would not answer. The matter was under
consideration.
With those remarks he would recommend
the Draft of Budget for the Councils
adoption.
After few remarks from Members it
was agreed to refer the Draft OF Budget
to a Committee of 5 membe rs, and later
in the meeting Chief Justice Andersen,
Lawyer Lemming, Mess rs. Brown, Raphael,
and Jameson were elected to form such
COmmi ttee.
, 1888-02-22
His Excellency the Governor arrived
from st. Thomas by the schooner FigiIant
ON Sunday morning.

The Colonial Council held y meeting on
Monday, at which his ENcelIenry the Go
vernon WAS present.
Among other business, The Bird discus
sion on Draft Of Ordinance for Corpse In
spection. which had been postponed, was
continued. The Government had proposed
certain amendments, by which Corpse In
SpectiOn in the country districts, as well as
in the towns, would be injrnstcd to The
physicians. After considerable discussion,
the further consideration OF the Draft was
again postponed.
In the same meeting His EXCellency the
Governor introduced the Draft Of Budget
for the Financial Year l86S-S9. His EX-
c"elleucy said, that he had the honour to
introduce the Budget for the coming finan-
cial year. He had hoped to be able to omit
from the Budget the amount Of the
guarantee to the Central Factory share
holders. lie had not, however, been able
to do so, but was glad to be able to say
that the situation was greatly improved;
he could say thar, at any rate: it was the
intention Of the Home Government to re.
move that debt from he Colonial Treasury;
but he could not say how soon II would be
done. The total estimated expenditure
was $255 921 10, and iftrom this the guaran-
tee and the military expenses were deducted,
there would remain Sl56,978.59. AS the
estimated amount Of the Revenue was
1856, 761.13, there WOuld still remain a def
cit Of $l217; but the items of Revenue
could not be very exactly estimated,
and it might well be that his
small difference would be covered. The
average actual expenditure during the
past 3 years had been 157, 393'G4, en- which
the estimates Of the various items had
been based. The export duty, which
could not in reality be based on the ave
rage, had however, in the Draft been put
down at the 3 years average, becaus' he
had not yet yentured to form an estimate
of the coming crop either as to its price
or its amount.
OF the various items of expenditure, he
would call attention to those which differ
ed by about 800 or more from the coIrespon-
ding items i'll the last Budget. The expen-
SEES for the Pilot and Harbour Department
were $l30 more than last year, the ditfe-
renee chiefly arising from the cost OF a
new iron buoy required. Under the De-
partment of Public instruction there was
an increase OF $500, due to the grant made
to the FrederikSted High School.
, 1888-02-22
KILOGRAMS.
ST. CROIX STATION.

New York, Feb. 17th.-It is announced
that Mr.. Fifth, the Liberal candid ate, has
been elected NJ. p. for Dundee.
In the House Of Commons Mr..
Labouchere asked the Government if
the despatch from the British Ambassador
at Berlin had suggested that England
should give an assurance to induce Italy
to enter the AuStrO- German alliance. The
Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs
declined to produce correspondence
between Her Majesty's Government and
foreign Powers.
In reply to Mr.. Gourley, Member for
Sunderland, the Under Foreign Secretary
stated that he believed the Fisheries
treaty would be found satisfactory.
Ijuring the discussion Of he new rules
of procedure the House Of Commons will
sit three days to one night. 1t Is proposed
that the closure shall be applied on IA vote
of 100 instead of 200 majority, and the
Speakers power will also be greatly
increased.
The new Local Government Bill has
been adopted by the Cabinet.
Berlin has received adviceS stating that
the Grown Prince is disturbed by a cough,
but otherwise his condition is un3ltered.
The "Lancet" declares that Sir Morrll
Mackenzie's report is not calculated to
allay the anxiety.
At a meeting of the French Cabinet i
has been decided to oppose a motion pro
posed by M. SanSlproy to examine the pri
vileges of the Bank Of France.
1t is understood that the Extreme Left
will interpellate the Government on the
unjust pressure brought to bear by NJ.
Flourens on the candidature for the HauteS
AlpeS.
The Chamber of Deputies has rejected
the amendment Introduced 10y NJ. Dreyfus
proposing to transfer the functions OF the
Treasury and paymaSterS general to the
Bank of France. Despite the protest of
M. Tirard the Chamber resolved to con
slider the Baron de Soubeyran's amend
ment reducing the interest on the floating
debt by 100000 francs.
An explosion of fire damp has occurred
in Bavaria, by which forty persons lost
their lives.
New York, Febry. 18th.-It is announced
that Mr.. COnston, a Liberal, has been
elected Member of Parliament for South
Wark.
In the French Chamber of Deputies a
request for a vote of urgency for M.
SanSlerOv's motion to enquire into the
charter OF the Bank of France was re-
jected.
NJ. FlOurens, the Foreign Minister, has
returned to Paris.
M. LIE HerisSe moved that the Cabinet
Ministers be forbidden to seek the election
of deputies or senators. M. Sarrien said
that the attack was directed against NJ.
Flourens, and the Chamber refused to
grant urgency for the motion BY a majority
of seventeen.
The Budget Committee has nesatived
the proposed reduction of the interest on
the national debt.
The trial Of NJ. Wilson in connection Will
the Decorations scandal has begun.
A Berlin despatch states that Sir Horell
Mackenzie, assisted by the other physicians
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
. - - - = 90
Advice To Mothers.

MRS. - WINsECMi's SOOTHING SYRUP,
should always be. used when. children are,
cutting teeth. It relieves the little suf-
fefer at once; it produces natural, quiet
sleep by relieving the child from pain,
aud the little cherub awakes as bright
as a, button" 1t is very pleasant to taste.
1t. sootfIes the child, softens the gums,
iallays ali pain, relieves wind. regulates
the ihowefs, and is the best known remedy
for diaHrhoea. whether, ar sing from teeth;
ing or Other. causes. :, Twenty five cents
a bottle. iune29, 'SS-1y
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

New York; Press; In, his interrupted
speech at Newark on Saturday evening.
Nh. Thurman said that he had letter
from the Treasurer of the United States
giving the surplus as $ls3 .420 .O69.s7., The
government has a funded debt of 81 000,-
000,aaQ, and floating debt Of 1916, 600 O00
(the legal tender anotes).1 Would Mr..
Thurman think he had a surplus if he had
$l33 in his pocket when he owed ST. 1000 in
time loans and $346 in demand notes? IA ~
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

r AT the recent conference of window
glass workers and manufacturers it was
agreed that should there be reduction
of,the tariff on. glass the manufacturers
would be- entitled to a reduction of wages.
the argument in favor ola protective tariff
found in that2l ~ saL..L..io 81 nn.lN
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
Syrup of Fga.

IstNature's own true laxative :, 1t is the
most easily taken, and the most effective
remedy known to cleanse the system when
Bilious or Costive !; to dispel Headaches,
Colds, and Feyerssto enre3 Habitusl Con
stipat;on, Indigestion, Piles, SC. Mama
featured only by the California Fig Syrup
Company, San Francisco, Cal For sale
by VIM. Allen & Rro.5 Stanton, Va. q
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

Mr., Randall AND. Judge Kelley 1.-The pro
lection leaders, who .haye done SO much
for, the ''"irish manufacturers, are both
poor men, Mr., Rainfall lives in, q IS ,oolC
in Washington, and Judge Kelley owes
more than he can pay, but hopes to settle
up with his creditors before hedies.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
That tremendous surplus in the treas ury

That Tremendous surplus in the treasury
which the late MI. Hendricks, when-run-
hing as the Democratic nom inee for Vice
President in 1854 placed at $500, 1000, 900
and what Mr.! Cleveland in his letter of
acceptance says is S133 600 600. is in fact,
according to the ofiieiafsho~li OILY about
$4,000, 600! With an excess4of 'txptaiis
ture by this administration aver that of
the. last Republican, administration Of
sos, oG9, 600, howteng will the Treasury be
bnrdeHed with al surplus even it there
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
Harrison win soon rai

General Harrison will soon receive calls
from thousands ofminers and railroad EN-.
ployes. There haa never before been a
time'in the history of this country when
the workingmen gave 80 much attention
to POLITICS or understood SO well the ne.
cessity of serving Their own INTERESTS with
their votes as in the case this year, -
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
'34t.V -T7T7TT = - r17ii----rf- -- IT.
Piles! Piles! Etesssyssn piles

Symptoms Moisture, Intense itching
and singing, most at night: worse by
scratching If allowed TO continue tamols
form, which often bleed and ulcerate. be-
coming very sore. Swayne's Ointment
stops the itching and bleeding, heals ulcer
ati6n, and I'M most cases removes the
tumors. AT druggists or by mail, for SO
cents. Or. Swaype y Son, Philadelphia.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
F7OBa 5AI.I-Ea !s-.s


for sale his, residence at the corner of New and
academy streets, = H13ip 7. 4JH Y2S
LOCATION: Elevated, and two squares from
the centre of the city i3 49, lpf {'fs3sfitfh q
The House is a two story brick with base
ment, all above ground. Contains nine rooms,
IS s1ppliediWth all modern mproNehnents,a nd
is in pei feet repair.
The lot fronts on New street; SO feed AID 10
INCHES and . on o Academy street 1880 feet.!.s.
Syears, with intereet from date. sMendor& lien
retained to secure deferred payments. If not
sold privately before that tinei this property
will be offered at pablo auction I'M fwyntof tba
Court House In the CITY OF Stanton, Va on y
49, 1R@rsG1ay, October 1lth,f '18SS,,a 70
at Up. m. 'i.i<} "a el3@l roll nE0st
Ysepla .stiH e q. FRFD. EFFINGlE EsRs r.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
BuckIm's AR lea Salve.

THE Best Salve in the world. for Cuts,
Bruises. Sores, Ulcers. Salt Rheum.. Fever
Sores, letter, Chapped Hands. ChilbIains
Corns, and all Shin Eruptions. and post
lively cures Piles,or no pay required. 4
isguarantee to give perfect satisfaction
Or money refunded. Price 55centsper box
For Sale By Hughes and Robinson.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
Electric Ritteng.

This remedy is becoming so well known
and so popular as to need no special mem
tion. All who have used Electric Bitters
sing the same song of praise.-A purer
medicine does not exist and It is guaran-
teed 60 do all that is claimed. Electric
Bitters will cure all diseases of the Liver
and Kidneys, will remove Pimpes, Bois,
Salt Rheum and other affections caused
by impure blood Will drive malaria from
the system and prevent as well as cure all
Malarial fevers.-For cure of Headache,
Constipation and Indigestion try Electric
Bitters-Entire satisfaction guaranteed,
or money refunded. sc cts. and ST
per bottle at Hughes & Robinsou's drug
store.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

about 100 acres of which is in a high state of
cultivation and well set iii grass! Well fenced,
mostly plank Ihe balance is woodland, very
fertile and line grazing land. Good new Build
lngs we'll insured, consisting, of lsprendfd
dwelling e roomsl kitchen, ice-house, Sc,
large barn and stables. 8 or 10 tenant houses.
hay houses, and a large store: house withsge0d
| Ge3lllar-excellentr stand for merchandising.
rms property Is bounded on the east by tile
throughout by creeks and sprin gs. there being
several good mime raj springs on il. Good Nv ell
Den, young orchard and vineyard! ! Convenient
hood. 80" - ff7Fl - "a TT ~ 10 75II4
The above property will be sold very low and
on safX esseft Reosfsssion giyen at any time
Will please call on or address +. M. Gushing,
NO IL N. Augusta St., Staunton, or on the shb-
scrtber on the premises who will take. pleasure
in showing it. W H CLARE.
sepl3-4t P. o. Buffalo Gap, Augusta CD. VA
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

To those who are tired of assessmen ts, .sinslg
indefinite contracts, call aud let me show you
an Endowment Plan whereby you can Get yours
money back il time to enjoy 1t ia Gldlage, taptl,
make per cent. interest on your investment
The annual cost isactually less than In assessa.
ment companies, and many advantages are
offered in Cash Values, Pad.up Insurance. tlfdi
Extension of Policy. Call and, have, .sna New,
Plans explained.
81! NJ f.5.i l'.!@- II. H. FULTz, Agent u,of4
,... -. ,t Court House Alley, "a,
augS0 ~ +'iia<1}9@ 37i stauit6h, va w
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
pretended cows at ion - one properly. The
DtileE slmpToperly, called and confti nted-

4 pretended conyt at ion - one properly. The
othpeE lmproperly, called and conf ii nted-
one recognized. the other rejected '7'iV'
r. The claim that a convention to sLttle the
I dlsptise be 'ifeld does hotans wer nor satisfy
lhe pe9Ple!i by the exercise, Of such con-
seFYagEESaI Hn ana HberalitY as should charac-
terlze loyal Il spublicanS, anxious FOR suel
I cess and de feeat ings division, there would
I havts fanonoii1fiicaty 1ntiie fwayof q final
ana sa.ffisfHctory settlement and With that
! fVpeW, pave made my best endeaYor, and
With; the purpose OF preventing another
convention thereby meeting the 1iuBairi;
NOUS seHAl iOf the party in4 this Dis.
itTlch,i smade several propositions to refer
tne mater TO dlslnterested. tribunals and
any man, or set Of men, Conscious of the
ntegfltysofi the claim set9up should not
/ llave, Gem edeterred effon taceeptipg. the.
plaAn1ss7f Wublt hese observations Lam will
Ing, tQ. Jay. down the. trust Committed to
mepySthe convention of the barfy TO which
9l have always .bofp Allegiance and to
~ hose principles, 1 ami deeply attached and /
Ior the sake of which i am willing to make
any honorable sacrifice, / have made this |
extended state fent of my position i'm no 4
captl0us spirit. but in nryat tastst no rsgret,
A1aNFeNef, that more Liberalism has not been !
exercis ca. persuaded as ain that an in
Of. 'beneficert' results would have |
crowned "a more couciliatdry e0ursesdl 99uE
With. the hope that, Harrison. Morton
and protect may find Judgment in the
hearts Of a. vast and Overwhelming major
ity2With' " irginia fas d tfactorAof our
American eonstituHncy,d remain d ~ 9pl
ssi71subM eENfespeetfullys9 OF snlf3 ans
GTrr I,r SEv
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

The .Mugwump newspapers are much in
famed by Congressman Reeds pleasant
remark that IF the Democrats really be-
lieyed that the y Republicans advocated frs
whisky they would desert their own party
in body and come oyer to the Republic
cans.rr 81, 5,ss,4uf, II rslr,,a,5 ,...s5
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

Democrats Of New York H have q n @D i.
rated p. b Hill I'LL fer r Governor Edward
Jones for 1t. Governor, and Judge Clinton
Cray for the Supreme Gourt-all by aeela,
nation. blta ,oai1Tali lHahilroa ItIgHp3
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27
A False Charge.

a friend writes us from Lexington, Va J,
that it is charged in that community that
should the Blair bill become a law it would
force mixed schools in the South. The
same pestiferous politicians would
not be toe good to make any charge that
adecent man would not think of. The fund
appropriated by the bill, should it become
law, would be under the ontrol of the
State authorities, and disposed Of precisely
as the State educational fund IS. The
only Federal authority provided for in the
bill, is that report of the expenditures
shall be made to the Secretary of the In
terror, We believe. The basis of the ap
portionment of the fund is tbs illiteracy
that may exist in the several States ire
spective of color, and the benefits would
thus be distributed in the exact manner
that they are under our present school
system and school laws.
Those who circul .te the statement re-
ferred to by our correspondent know they
are misrepresenting the facts, and do it
to conceal their opposition to popular edu-
cation.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1888-09-27

Sixteen million dozen eggs are impor-
ted annually, and American farmers arc
ursi1g for protection. 'sn'