davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
Surveying with the Magnetic Needle
Prof. s. II. Bracket.

Many suppose that if a survey il
carefully made with a good compass
that no better work of that kind car
be done, while the truth is much more
accurate measurements can be done
entirely without the needle. 1t may
be we'll to call attention to some of the
unavoidable sources of error in the use
of the compass. There are first those
of instrumental construction. The
needle of an ordinary good compass
will not surely settle down to the same
position within much less than a quar-.
ter of a degree, that is, the error oil
settling may be 5 to 10 minutes either
way. If the running of a long line is
dependent on the needle the longer the
sighting the greater the error in the
location of the line. In a little Over
200 rods n line would be a rod out OF
the correct position with an error of e
of sighting. In very long lines it is
fortunate that errors are likely to be
averaged so that on the whole such er-
rors do not affect seriously the general
directness of lines, only when lawyers
come to unnecessary hair splitting.
Another difficulty arises from the
fact that the needle is constantly and
~irregularly varying. On some single
days the change may amount to nearly
a quarter of a degree. 1t usually
swings one way early in the day and
the other way about the middle of the
afternoon. Magnetic storms may vary
this amount greatly from day to day.
Besides this there is a change more
commonly spoken of which goes on
from year to year. During the early
part of this century the change was
toward the east in this part of the
country but for seventy-five or eighty
years it has been turning towards the
west. Now the north end of the needle
deviates in St. Johnsbury about 13o
from the true north pointing that
amount westward. In the northern
part of Maine it points 90 o from true
north. The lines of equal variation
run diagonally across this state. AS
we GO south and west the variation is
much less. The line on which the
needle sets true to the north is shifting
westward and now runs through Lake
Superior and through South Carolina.
Is it not a plain practical inference
from these facts that all quibbling liti
CATION and disputes involving owner
ship of land turning on a fraction of a
degree of difference between a line run
by Il survey or and anotherat different
times is nearly nonsense, or worse
than that? Specially if it happens that
an early survey was not very carefully
made how can a better survey avoid
making serious ~changesq In the bet
ter surveys of modern times lines are
run by the solar compass and true
bearings not magnetic bearings are re-
corded. One of the best authorities on
surveying says all surveyors should
test their compasses at least one a
year by q trae meridian line and all
surveys should make q record of the
time and the amount of variation as
tested by the true line. Then at any
future time any other surveyor may
run the same line no matter how irreg-
ular the changes meantime or how
poorly adjusted the compass of the
original survey.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
Reunion.

1t was a jolly company that gathered
in the vestry of the South church in the
evening. Over 200 of the alumni and
friends were present. Owing to the
death of A. E. Rankin, the president Of
the alumni association, Vice President
E. l.. Hovey presided. These officers
were elected for the ensuing year:
President, E. l.. Hovey.
Vice president, w. P. Stafford.
Secretary and treasurer, Miss Abby
Brown.
Executive committee, Pearl F.. Blod-
gett, Mrs. w. p. Fairbanks, Miss Nellie
Brown.
Three members of the association
died during the year, A. E. Rankin.
Horace Fairbanks and Parmly Billings.
After brief reference to the loss to the
association President Hovey introduced
w. P. Stafford, who spoke of Mr.. Ran
kin as a scholar. The address was in
itself a finished eulOgy and scholarly
address holding the closest attention OF
the audience to the end. Elisha May
spoke of the life and work of Horace
Fairbanks as a man, as a philanthro-
pist and a friend of education in gen.
eral and of the st. Johnsbury Academy
in particular. 1t was an extended and
careful summing up of some of the
chief characteristics of the late Gov.
Fairbanks. w. j. Aldrich of the class
of '88 spoke briefly of the death of
Parmly Billings. At the conclusion of
these addresses Judge Ross moved that
the teachers of the academy be a COM
mittee to preserve these and other trib-
utes and records of those members of
the association who have died or who
may die and the motion prevailed. The
exercises were interspersed with ex-
cellent musical selections by the ladies'
quartette, and a piano solo by Fred
Brooks. Ice cream and cake were
served and the rest of the time was
taken up with social intercourse.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
Daniels New Name.
From the Sprinafeld Union.

From the Springfield Union.
"Daniel " said the great Indispensa-
BILE Uniquepess, after reading the letter
of acceptance which Daniel had just
completed.
"Beg pardon, SIRE" replied Daniel,
just emerging from a fit of abstraction,
GLAND me the carmine mouchoir.
Thanks aver so much. Considering
the complexion of the coming cam
paign, Daniel, [ have decided, as did
the other ACKNOWLEDGMENT in the case
of his Daniel, to make things more
picturesque and expressive by giving
you q new name"
$50 let it be, sire. What name seem
eth pleasing to my lord 7"
"~Bandaniel."
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
News From Stanley.

A despatch from st. Paul de Loanda
dated June 81, says: Several desert
ers from Stanley's expedition reached
Camp Y~ambunga. After travelling the
Upper Aruwhimi Stanley struck into
the rough mountain country, covered
by dense forests. The natives, excited
by the reports spread by the Arabs,
disputed the passage of the expedition
and it was continuous fighting. Stan
ley was severely wounded by an arrow
and compelled several times to con-
struct camps to repel the attacks. He
was obliged to use the reserve pro-
vision intended for Emin Bey. The
Soudanese attached to the force all
died or disappeared and the deserters
estimate the caravan lost one-third of
it's men. They say that many of those
remaining are very ill, including the
Europeans. Stanley was encamped
when the deserters left, surrounded by
hostilities and unable to send news to
Emin or directly to Yambunga. Maj.
BartellOt had returned to Yambunga
where he was awaiting the men that
Ward was collecting to form a power
full expedition to go to the relief of
Stanley. The sickness at Yambunga
is lessening, but only 80 of the 125
Zanzibari survived. Tippoo lib re-
cruited 925 men to form two caravans,
and started for the interior about the
end of January. Ward left Bona May
30 for Leopoldville, where he was to
embark men and provisions in the
Congo state steamer En- Avant for Aru-
whimi. Early in May the steamer
Stanley left Stanley Falls, taking Bar
tellOt's first r-einforcements and sup
plies. Yambunga advices reach to the
middle of April. The time the DESERT
ers left Stanley is uncertain. Rev.
Jameson left Congo on the 18th inst,
on his way to Europe to consult regard
ing sending assistance to Stanley.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28

Millions of Rocky mountain grass
hOppers have appeared about Pasham
Minn., and the state authorities have
sent thither four car loads of materials
for their destruction.
The loss by the burning of one OF
the Montreal street railway stables at
Hochelaga is $4,000. One hundred
and thirty-three horses were burned.
A man at Tilton, III, lived outdoors
all last winter under an umbrella, even
when the thermometer registered %
degrees below zero.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
The Boston Boy at School.
Rnaf0n Trnnecrinf

BOst0a Transcript.
One boy was asked to define a COM
mon and a proper noun. He wrote
civilian is a proper noun, and Billy
is a common noun"
Another was told to write what he
had learned in physiology. He did,
thus
1.-THE body is composed of three
parasitic head, the trunk and the alb
domen. The head contains the brains,
if you have any. The trunk contains
the heart and lungs. The abdomen
contains the vowels a, Q, i, o, IL, and
sometimes W and y"
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
Farm for Sale,

One-fourth mile outside the village limits of st.
JOhnsbury, at the head of Pleasant St., within the
village school district, containing one hundred and
fifty acres, cutting seventy-fve tons of hay, and
very productive for wheat, oats, and all crops
grown in northern Vermont. a thrifty wood lot
of fifteen acres. Well watered, with good water
at house and barns. Buildings pleasantly situat-
ed, and in all respects a desirable place for a resi-
denee and for profitable farming. A portion of
the purchase money can remain if desired.
RICHARD w. PEABODY.
Tune 20. 1877. 4tf
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
1858 Memorial.

The class of '88 left a unique memo
rial, two stones set in the academy
yard establishing the true meridian
line, the result of observations made
by Prof. Bracket. In both of these
stones are inserted brass cOuntersunk
pins over one of which a compass may
be placed and sighted on the other and
the variations read.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
PHOTOGRAPHIC


The subscriber is prepared to do all kinds of Up
holstering Work, Furniture Repairing, laying car
pets, hanging window Shades, picking over hair
Mattresses and general Furniture Repairs.
N. r. SWITSER.
Opposite Presbyterian church. Eastern Ave. tiff
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28

The last survivor of a once powerful
Indian tribe is living in California.
When he dies the language spoken by
the tribe will become extinct.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
COMMENCEMENT
ST. JoHNsBURY ACADEMY, 'ss.

B-accaIaureate sermon-Commencement
Concert.-Commencement Exercises
Glass Day Exercises.-AIumni Meeting,
The anniversary exercises OF st.
JOhnsbury academy began Sunday
evening, June IL, with the baccalau-
reate sermon by Rev. H. T. Fuller, a
former principal of the academy, now
of Worcester, Mass. The services
were held in the North church, and
the theme of the sermon, which was
reported at length in last weeks Gale
DOMAIN, was Fixedness a condition of
growth. The examination of classes
occupied Wednesday and Thursday,
with Mrs. w. z. Smith of st. Johns
bury, Prof. G.. A. Bunker of Peacham
and Rev. George III. Bailey of st. Johns
bury as examiners. Then came the
commencement concert Thursday even
ing, the commencement and class day
exercises and the alumni meeting on
Friday. The weather was delightful
Sunday and a large crowd was in at
tendance upon the services. Good
weather was also vouchsafed for the
concert Thursday evening. Friday
opened with lowering skies, but the
exercises of the day were not seriously
interfered with.
commencement Concert.
The concert held Thursday evening
in Music Hall was the most successful
of any of the commencement concerts
of recent years, both as regards the
quality of the entertainment and the
number present. The concert was Civ
en- by the Temple quartette and Miss
Maud Morgan, harpist. The singing
by the quartette was excellent, every
number being encOred, while in one
instance they were twice recalled.
Then there was a Duet by Messrs.
Weber and Cook, Gabussi's "The
Fisherman" and a solo by Mr.. Web
Der, Governs, "I love you too WE'LL"
that was also deseryedly encored.
Miss Maud MOrgan's appearance was
awaited by many friends whom she
made when here in the winters course
and she was most cordially received
and was warmly encOred after both
numbers on the program. In response
to the second recall she delighted the
audience by singing Annie Laurie, ac-
cOmpanying herself on the harp.
Thrice the audience compelled her to
come before the curtain, evidences Ofap-
probation that she acknowledged with
smiles and bows only, but these were
valued by the audience when dispensed
by such a charming personality. The
concert as a whole was every way sue
cessful.
commencement Exercises.
Friday morning, commencement day,
opened dark and lowry and promised
a bad day. The clouds lifted, howev-
er, sufficiently to guarantee good
weather during the exercises and at
the appointed hour Music hall was
we'll filled with the relatives and
iIohus vi Ihe graduating GLASS. Inc
platform was tastefully decorated, a
floral piece at the left bearing the fig
ures '88. On the platform were seated
Rev. Henry Fairbanks, Franklin Fair
banks, Rev. Edward t. Fairbanks and
Rev. C.. NJ. Lamson of the board of
trustees, and members of the faculty.
Music was furnished by the Lyndon
vile orchestra. The graduating class,
numbering 30, took their seats and the
exercises were opened with prayer by
Rev. c.. NJ. LamsOn.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28

Mamie Boswell Lillian S. WilmOt.
Brief abstracts of the orations, etc.
are given herewith. The papers were
generally brief and well delivered and
commanded the attention of the large
audience, each speaker receiving ono
OIL more floral offerings at the ~conclu-
sion.
The Latin salutatory by Walter J.
Aldrich of Dover, Kansas, with it's al
lusiOns to these parting hours, to the
class of 'SS and the pleasant relations
it has sustained to all, and the parting
words to the people, trustees, faculty
and schOOl-mates, was we'll prepared
and delivered.
The honorary essay was by Helen
r. Davis of Troy on "The art of sug-
gesting," the skill of ones ~infusing
opinions into the minds of others from
whom they seem, the while, to be re-
ceiving instead of giving. Pertinent
illusions were made to some of the
prevailing newspaper suggestions of
the day and the value of the art of
wise suggesting shown.
An Grafton by George r. MOntgOme-
~ of Adana, Turkey, followed on "The
freedom of thought" in which he urg-
ed that we have not the right to COM
pei a nan to accept our beliefs or to
censure him because his views differ
from ours. The Grafton was a strong
plea for absolute freedom of thought.
"GOod discipline" was the subject of
an essay by May Louise Harvey of
South ROyaltOn, in which she urged
the value of discipline and gave some
cOgent reasons why the disciplining
process of life was of great value in the
formation of character.
An essay by Frances L. Warden of
Hanover, n. H., came next on "Smiles,"
the smile, to the human face what sum
light is to the beautiful landscape; it
cheers, brightens and gladdens all who
feels it's influence.
Charles E. Stevens of Jonesville and
Joseph NJ. Norton of Middlebury
Springs followed with a discussion of
the question, "Is our social life threat
ened n Stevens argued the afiirma-
tive, holding that the elements which
destroy great nations are powerfully
at work for our premature corruption
and decay. Norton argued the mega
tive, maintaining that many are need
lessly fearful as to what may be the
result of the rapid changes which the
country is now undergoing.
Mabel E. Goodwin of st. Johnsbury
read an essay on "The study of modern
languages" AS it was delivered in
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
YOU CAN INC SURELY
LIE From go to 40 Per Cent.

Realize From 20 to 45 Per Cent
On investments. Write for particulars, maps, etc
CHARLES II. SAGE,
Firm Of Sage, Leiteh & Edwards.
tiulyI5' Denver, Colorado.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
GEO. NJ. WILLIAMS,
Real Estate and Stock Broker


ANY person desiring to buy, either City, Farm
ing, Timber or Mineral Property, is requested TO
call on or write me in regard to same.
Stocks The TaDapOOsa Land, Mining and
Manufacturing Co.'S stock in quantities to suit.
Par value, % per share. Write for quotations.
TallapOosa Furnace Stock at par-S25 per share.
Correspondence solicited, and all questions
regarding this section of the country cheerfuIy
answered. Address, GEO. NJ. WILLIAMS,
ti9noV TallapOOsa, HARRISON Co, Ga.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
TRY DR.. WINSLOW'S
COMPOUND COUGH BALSAM,

For all Coughs, Colds. Group, WhOoping Coagh
and Jump Contains no morphine or opium.
tnov - .a-sa
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28

Ladies' Spring Garments.
Fancy Goods, Trimmings,
Silks, Dress Goods, White
Goods, Underwear, Corsets,
Hosiery, Fine Kid Gloves,
Fabric Gloves, Laces, Rib
bons, Buttons, etc. Domestic
Dry Goods of all kinds.
We are now opening our
New Spring Stock. We will
try to furnish good Goods at
lowest prices.
Branch Store at the N. M.
johnson Store, II Railroad
Street.
Mail orders promptly filed.
C. a. WHITCHER,
66 Main Street and ~ Railroad Street
st. J~ohnsburY, vt.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28
GrRhMRfRa.

Walter J. Aldrich Jennie p. Cross
Austin X. Dodge Helen K. Davis
Frank c.. Dow Lulu M. FennO
Harley j. Emerson Fidelia I'll. Fisher
Carl Fletcher Hattie E.. GIazier
Edward X. Hall Mabel E. Goodwin
Erwin w. Howard Mertie L. Graham
George r. Montgomery Elizabeth L. Hall
Joseph NJ. Norton May Louise Harvey
Albert L. Rogers Gertrude E. Howe
Jesse c.. Spaulding Carrie f.. Kasson
Charles Z. Stevens lThena Morrill,
Willard =. Wakefield Margaret I. Newell
Tenney Ii. Wheatley Annette Pearl
Clarence D.. Wood Edith Ross
Lyman 2. Wood Alice M. Smith
Dasie K. Balch Lucie Thompson
Marion Z. Boswell Frances L.. Warden
Mamie Boswell LILLIAN S. WiImOt.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28

B-accalaureate acknowledgements
Concert.-Commencement Exercises
Glass Day Exercises.-AIumni Meeting,
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1888-06-28

DIR. ROYCE may be consulted by letter at his
address, Lock Box 1914, Springfield, Mass. His
large illustrated Journal sent on application.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21

device to get control .of the great
American market. In Col \. Il
Bliss, the people have strong man,
who has faced southern bullets and
starved in southern prison pens, and
who is not afraid to stand up man
fully for the interests of his own
people. He is clean, honorable
and upright citizen and business
man, who has the confidence of the
people of all parties and the ability
and practical knowledge, of the
wants of the district to represent it
in Congress in a sensible, straight,
forward and judicious manner. The
people should declare by their votes,
that the reign of Tarsneyism, with
it's methods and lamentable failures,
is over.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21

Here is chestnut that NAV taste
a little wormy to some of the pro
hibitionistS hcreaboutS, but they
must swallow it, nevertheless. At
the NJ. +. Conference held i'm Grand
Rapids on Sept. $, the report of the
committee on temperance was handed
in, favoring prohibition and indors-
ing the third party movement, but
the conference sat down on the pro-
hibition ticket and as a substitute
adopted resolution to the effect
that the best interests of temperance
would be promoted by voting the
republican ticket. Bishop Brown
was the leader in republican scnti-
ment, and made regular campaign
speech. lie said that vote for
Fiske was a vote for the democratic
ticket, and rather than advance the
welfare of the democracy he would
adjourn the conference.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21

Ex-Secretary Robert +. Lincoln,
who has been spending his summer
vacation in England, says of the
English, that "they are nearly all free
traders, and they would like to see
the Democrats win; the English are
nearly all Democrats. 1T is to their
interest to be so. They will be more
benefited than anybody else if the
Democratic theory of free trade is
adopted here"
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21
DEMOCRACY MEANS FREE TRADE.
Views of Leading democratic an the Tarin
Issue.

views of Leading Democrats on the Tarin
Issue.
"All trade should be as free as
possible. Speaker Carlisle.
IL desire free trade, and | will not
help to perfect any law that stands
in the way of free trade. "-Roger
q. Mills.
"The democratic party is a free
trade party or it is nothing" "The
democrat who is not free trader
should go elsewhere" Henry Wat
terson.
add to the free list as many ar
ticles as possible. Reduce duties
upon every dutiable article to the
lowest point possible. Secretary
Fairchild.
at would be a glorious consum-
nation of tins debate could we only
have gentlemen on the other side
join in this invocation to paper and
type, and to hearts of honest men to
clear the way for British Golden. =
;. ;. Cox.
"Mr. Cleveland stands before the
country champion of free trade"
London Times.
"NIr. Mills speech is manly, Wig
orous, and most effective free trade
speech. Henry George.
''1f We did not require money to
defray the expenses of government,
| would be an absolute and uncom-
promising free trader."-Congress-
man Hare
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21

notice with pleasure that the
convention did not omit to express
its solicitude for the promotion of
virtue and temperance among our
people. The Republican party has
always been friendly to everything
that tended to make the home life of
our people free, pure and prosper
Gus, and will in the future be true to
the history in this respect Gen.
Harrison'S letter of acceptance
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21
Bucklen's Arnica Salye.

The Best Salve In the world for Cuts, Bruises,
Sores, Salt Rheum, Fever Sores. letter, Chapped
Hands, Chilblains. Corns, and all Skin Eruptions,
and positively cures Piles, or no pay required
II is guaranteed 10 give perfect satisfaction. or
money refunded Price IS cents per box. For
sale by b. =. Webb.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21

The democrats are holding up the
Mills Bill and crying themselves
hoarse over the great big average"
protection which they figure out
from it Yes, they figure the aver
age at - per cent. That average"
is a magnificent thing. just see how
easy it is to get a big average" to
blow about. The Mills Bill protects
rice 100 per cent; it don't protect
lumber at all; the average" protec-
ton is 80 per cent The south gets
100 per cent. and Michigan gets
none, and yet they will stand around
and tell Michigan what a nice great
big average protection she will get.
Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1888-09-21

The Democrats have appointed a
committee of local Democrats to
solicit and collect subscriptions
throughout the departments at
Washington for the campaign fund.
This is another evidence OF civil ser
vice reform.