Arizona weekly citizen., 1888-08-11

In order that the competition essays of Public School scholars on the differ ent localities should be as complete and full description of this Territory as possible, requested the teachers in such school districts where the scholars were incapable of writing an essay. to furnish the necessary description-the following is one of them:
 CHARLES NJ. STRAUSS,
 Slpt of Pub. Instruction.
 NAME.
 San Xavier, so named from the old mission of San Xavier, also written San Jsver and in either case pronounced San Hsyier-ssid mission was 90 called in honor of Saint Francis Xsvier, Jesuit priest; born in the Castle of Xavier, in Spsin in l506 and died in 1882. There is another town ID Sonora called San Xsvier. and the one under consideration IS distinguished ss Ban Xavier del Bsc.
 LOCATION.
 The school district comprises the en- tire Township l5 E. of range l3 South. The district school house is situated on a lot one sore square in Section l5, Town ship IS, E of range l3, south of Gils and Salt River meridian. It is about eight miles south of Tucson, one and one-hslf mile north of the San Xsvler church and half 6 mile north of the middle of the northern boundary of the Pspsgo reservation, on the west bank of the Santa Oruz river. The school house stands midway from the two Mexican settlements-West or old Los Resles and E. or New Los Resles-there are several Mexican farms on the west, south and north of the school house to distance of about from one-hslf 8 mile to two miles. The Santa Cruz river runs to the snr- face in the Pspsgo reservation about three miles from here, and water is brought from there by means of ace quiss or ditohes, and lands to the north of the reservation are supplied with water in that manner. The Ssnts Ornz Holy Orossl river derives jts name from its supposed origin near She pueblo of Santa Oruz in the neIghboring state of Sonora Tucson is our nearest railroad station and postofiee. Tucson is the county seat of Pima county and the metropolis of Arizona.
 CLIMATE.
 
 than that of Tucson, but equally Ls dry. The altitude about hundred feet high CT than Tucson. No record has been kept of the extremes of the thermometer, nor of the average rainfall. Daring my residence in Tucson since 1867, have only witnessed three snow storms, lS67, 1880 and 1887, In Tucson or vicinity.
 suRRoUSDNGs | Ta Nka ka extends to PuntR de Agus (O and is (?) miles wide. It contains heavy growth | of mesquit trees, good grsts which sf- lords good and abundant feed for the horses and horned octile of the Pspagos Close Co the Mission there are several small fsrms kept ly the Indians, but | these have turned thelr attention prIn- | cipslly 10 cattle raising and to cutting | and hauling fire wood to Tucson where | | they nnd ready sale at from S4 to S5 | per cord, As before stated, the school | house is sltuRted between two Mexican settlements known as Los ReRles; the | l one on the northwest about one and one | half mile from the school house is the | oldest snd IS SO called because the Mex | | jeans had st one time some furnaces | there and they used to smels some ores | from the neighboring hills to the vest | inhabitants of that settlement are most | ly farmers and stock rs;sers on a small | scale. To the southeast is the new town | of Los Resles. this is situated on the Il edge of the mesa ss 1t slopes to the | Santa OruK valley, contains about 40 | | adobe houses not very well built and poorly furnished- inhabitants mostly farmers and stock rsisers. The latter 1 industry predominsting. There is only one small grocery store, DO church, | school nor shops, People from both of these two settlements and the surround ing farms get their supplies from Tuo- son. The new Los Rssles was founded st the time that ex-Indisn Agent Wheel CT ejected the Mexican settlers from the Pspsgo reservation about six years ago.
 INDIANS.
 The Pspago Indiana are branch of the Pins Indians. they speak the same language, but are more moral and bet Ger friends to the whites than the Pimas They are not very numerous and ss be- fore sisted are engaged ID stock raising. farming and cutting and selling wood Their reservation 10 known as tbe Pap ago reservation and is under the super vision of the agent of the Pimas aud Msricopss who appoints 8 sub-sgent for the Pspsgos and who besides acts az teacher and is paid for such additional services by the missionary organization under whose care the religious and sec ulBr instruction of these Indians hss been entrusted. The Pspsgo women manufacture some ollss, ear hen or clay jars which are used as water coolers and are sold st from 10 cents to 50 cents a piece according to size, the smaller sizes been very much used by the Mexican people to cook their food, being better sdspied to cook beans than the ordinary iron or tin pot or stew pan, they also make flower pots and other esrthen wares. As rule, the PspRgo women any other Indians in the territory.
 The word Pspsgo means baptized. they were converted 10 Christianity by the Jesuit missionaries. The dress like the poorer classes of the Merican peo- pie. Besides the Pspsgos on the reser- ! ystion there are . great many more of them to the west of thlB place in the neishborhood of Quiiotos and some iu Altar district in the state of Sonora , Tbst country inhabited by them and , where they are mostly engaged in stock raising is knovn as the Papagueria (Pspsgo oountry).
 PRoDUCTIoNs- The productions If this district are barley, wheat, corn and those vsgetn- bles mostly used by the MsIicsps viz. Pumpkins. pesse, beans, pepper (chile) I onions, garlic, musk and water melons { The soil Is we'll adapted for the cultiys- ,, tion of large and small fruits, yet there are perhaps less than three hundred fruit trees in the whole district. No g one has attempted to raise any potatoes which can be raised with little trouble ! and slight expense. The means employ ed to irnsste have been already men tioned. Alfalfa could also be raised for 2 and sold st fair price, Stock !, raising is also sn important pursuit in ], , this district by the Mexican people. The ] QuIroE Brothers. the Bustamsntes, the Morssss and Tomas Elias are the prin- i' cipsl stock raisers. The more promi- u nent farmers are J. Nj. Berger, Joaquin s Tomas GonEslef, Mercedes, Federico, Martsnisno Ramirez, Ventura sl Lorono, Isidoro Castro, Martin Burruel q and RafaAl HaFrara oop,a of thaaa pao- | a