Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1888-09-10
said. These things shall not be- [Great

/ DNAsAOns
81 would like to say that this party is
the party that has never laid down to
! die cheers, repeatedly renewedl-that
it is the natural party of free institutions,
and just so long as freedom exists IN
America the Democratic party will exist.
[Applause. There isno way ofdestroying
1t except by despotism, and as long as
! Democracy exists despotism is impossl-
BILE in this land, for it will not endure It,
"Now, my friends, passing from these
general observations, allow me to come
to the issues most sharply marked in this
campaign. And at first, because it is the
most discussed and attracts public atten-
tion the most let me say something on
the tariff question, so called. Applause. ]
Our opponents are endeayoring to alarm
the whole country by the cry of free
trade that the Mills bill, as it is called,
introduced by Mr.. Mills. is but FREQ
trade. Why, my friends, they must have
a poor opinion of the intelligence OF the
American people who talk in that man
ner.
What is free trade? Free trade is
the unrestricted commercial intercourse
between nationsrI in which no custom
house duties or taxes at the ports of en-
try are paid for income or outgo of goods.
You have an illustration of that IN the
United States thirty eighth this Union.
Between these States there is free trade
When goods are taken from New Jersey,
from those great manufactures IN the
city Of Newark into New York, you pay
no duty and New York pays no duty on
them. If taken to Maine or California
it is exactly the same thing. Between
these thirty-eight States and Territories
there is free trade but there Is no such
free trade between the United States and
foreign countries, and nobody in this
country advocates any such thing
OVER ENTHUSIASTIC.
A voice "Three cheers for Allan G..
Thurman Cheers
"My friends" said the Judge, again
smiling, "you mean well but [ap-
plause / would rather have your atten-
tion than your cheers. say between
these United States and foreign coun-
tries--"
Here the speaker had to pause again
for moment in consequence OF more
enthusiasm on the part Of those at the
back of the rink.
There never has been in the United
States such thing as free trade, proper
ly so called, except the free trade to
which ! have alluded between the differ
ent parts of the United States. When,
therefore, a man talks about the Mills
bill as Il free-trade bill he talks without
wisdom or with intent to deceive, one or
the other. He is either an ignoramus or a
rascal. r Good = What an absurdity to
call it a free-trade bill The present rate
of duty under the existing tarif-47 and a
fraction per cent.-that is to say, upon
every article of dutiable goods brought
into the United States tax Is levied of
II and "A fraction per cent Now, TINS
Mills bill reduces that rate Of taxation
to y per cent, or thereabouts. The re-
duction is less than 6 per cent on this
taxation, and yet this reduction is called
free trade 1t leaves the tariff at
from 40 to ~ per cent, or more than
twice as much as it ever was before the
late civil war. And yet it Is talked
about as free trade
WHO PAYS THE TAX.
"Whv, it IS simply absurd. But |
have said this tax is nothing but tariff
upon all goods brought into the United
States for the people. There are some
articles on the free list, but nearly all
that is consumed by the people of the
United States has to pay this tariff war
tax, the average of which is 81 and up
ward per cent. Now, who pays these
taxes? Who? Why, in the first place
the importer Of the goods. He must
4 pay it before he can take them out OF
the custom-house. Of course, when he
sells them to the wholesale merchant,
he must put on this tax to the original
cost and sell at an increased price or lose
his money or 90 out of the business.
Accordingly he adds the duty to the
original price. The wholesale merchant
must sell at the same price, with profits
added to the article, when he sells to the
customer. So, in the end, it is the Gus
toner. the man who uses the goods.
who pays the whole taxes Cries of
Good. ! 1t is just as plain as that two
and two make four. IL | were school
master and could not make boy un-
derstand it, then | would give him up as
an incorrigible scholar"
At this point the low-roofed building
was like an oven with its packed, steam
ing humanity, and Judge Thurman
looked troubled. He said 81 must beg
Of you to let me sit down for moment. .
He resumed his seat, and Governor
Green was introduced amid applause.
He spoke about fifteen minutes and then
Judge Thurman stood mp again. " 1t Is
a severe task" said Governor Green,
"for any one to speak here" The old
man was cheered again and again as he
took the place vacated by Governor
Green.
"My friends" he said, al began to
fear that was going to have recur-
renee Of the malady that attacked me at
New York, and therefore took my seat
and begged my friend, Governor Green,
10 occupy your attention till ! recovered.
am greatly obliged to him for doing So.
lie has put in the time better than |
could have done. will speak as well as
can in the limited time at my disposal.
THE SURPLUS.
1.-THE Governor has spoken of the
surplus in the Treasury. Now, hold in
my hand a letter from the Secretary of
the Treasury giving the exact amount
down to cents of the surplus in the
Treasury. On August 3lst OF this year
only few days ago-that amount was
| Sl33. 400, ,069.8 One hundred and
thirty-three millions and upward OF
money drawn from the products OF the
people and lying in the Treasury of the
United States without the slightest neces-
sity in the world for its being there,
money for which the Government has
not the slightest use, but which If left IN
the pockets OF the people would be a
great benefit to them in their business.
i"What is to be done with it ! Is is
admitted on all hands that this surplus
must be reduced, for it goes on in
creasing from day to day, if my memory
is right at the rate OF 100000 per
month, without the slightest necessity
for its so increasing.
"There are but three ways in which
This snrnlus can be reduced. TheOne is