davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
MORTGAGE SALE.
pu,,lication Aug. 10th. 1888

First publication Aug. 10th, 1851
| Default having been made in the payment OF
| tia sum of Ninety and 75.100 Dollars, (S90.75)
which together with the amount paid ior
| taxes as hereinafter stated is claimed to be
| due at the da'e of this notice upon Ger tain
mortgage duly executed and delivered by
! Christian fiaarder and Johane Gaarder. his wife
| to TIL. Minnesota Loan and Trust Comp NY
| bcaring date the 18th day fJaly A. D. 1885
and it'll power of sale therein contained
| duly recorded in the Office Of the Register Of
! Deeds in and for the County of Stevens and
State of Minnesota, on the third day Of
August A. D. 1885, at three o'clock r. M !,
| in book X. Of Mortgages, on page 1870. and
whereas the undersigned, pursuant to the
| terms OF said mortgage did OH the goth day of
June, 1SSs, pay to the county Treasurer Of
| said county for taxes Heretofore duly levied
and assessed ON the real estate hereinafter
described for the year 1856, the sum Of twen-
ty.five and 12-100 Dollars, and holds the
receipt OF said Treasurer therefor, so that the
whole sum due at the date Of this notice
under said mortgage is $i15 81, and no ac-
ton or proceed ng having been instituted, at
law or otherwise. to recover the debt secured
by said mortgage, or any part thereof;
Now therefore notice is hereby given that
by virtue OF the power Of sale contained in
said mortgage and pursuantto the Statute in
such case made aud provided the said mort
gage will be foreclosed by a sale OF the
premises described in and conveyed by said
mortgage, viz:
The north east quarter [NE II of section
thirty-four l34) ald Lots numbered seven ca
and eight (S) in section twentv-six 1901 in
town one hundred and twenty-fulr (l2l)
range forty three (4a) containing oile-hund-
red ninety six ana ~ iOo i96 .70l acres be
the same more or l,ss according to the q. s.
g government survey thereof, together with
the buildings thereon standing, situate in
Stevens county and State Of Minnesota, with
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

II there are young men and women
in this state who desire to get married
and who hesitate because they have
not yet accumulated funds sufficient
to fee the minister, entertain the
wedding guests and have something
left TO buy an outfit for housekeeping,
they should correspond with the
General Manager of the Minneapolis
Industrial Exposition. At this big
show there is to be n Wedding Day.
when the management will furnish
the minister, the music, and more
wedding guests than any President OF
the United States has had. Then
comes the wedding gifts to delight
the bride and encourage the groom.
Don't Miss or Mister let this opportu-
nifty pass, but have your names re-.
gistered for matrimony on Thursday.
Sept. Is.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
W. r. Merriam is nominated for
governor ny the republicans.
PROTECTION 1OIaBOR.

Protection does not protect the
american labore". 1t increases the
cost to him of all OF the necessaries
eff life-what lie eats. the lumber,
nails AMI glass for his dwelling, his
clothing. and his books-from 25cents
~ 81 ID on each dollars worth.
hat while this burden is imposed
upo him he is absolutely unprotected
ba. is subject to competition from
t,e pauper labor of Europe is thus
Gonclusively shown by General Mas
ter WOrkmen I. V. Powderly, in his
testimony before COMPRESSION al
committee:
The witness then went into n state
ment of tile wretched way in which
lIungarianS live at mines, and of
tieir working for such low rates Of
wlges that Americans cannot COM
pete with them. He told Of trip to
:, Pennsylvania mine. lie found the
opening surrounded by a tight board
fence, twelve feet high. Inside, in a
l,w wooden building, were five rows
of beds. The bed clothing was black
and grimy. There We're 105 Hunga-
rians who ate from long pine table
pork, which was alive with maggots.
Bread that smelled with filth. They
wore shoes made by themselves of
wool. They had come to take the
plac of the strikers in this, the
Eckert, mine. and did succeed in
breaking the backbone of the strike.
'Ehe immediate effect in the Lehigh
region is very bad, but they finally
diff into all lines of work and com
-,ete with American labor.
Mr.. Puwderly said he was down in
Coib ,nd..le in 1849, and fifteen or
ty,n y years ago the miners of that
region were comfortably we'll fixed.
They were mainly natives. Now
more than Ii llf the miners are Mora
vians. Trey never become Ameri-
can;zsd, bring nothing to America,
and usually have one woman to eight
Sr-nine men. lie talked to one OF
these women. She said she had no
alternative. Eight of the men coald
make a living for her. II she mar.
ried any one nf them they would
Starve.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
M ORTGAGE SALE.

M ORTGAGE SALE.
lSk Default having been made in Repayment
OF the sum of Forty five and 7l-100 (SI5. ri
Dollars which is claimed to be due at the date
OF this rotice upon certain mortgage dLly
executed and delive, ed by E. P Watson and
Mary C.. Watson, his wife. to The Minnesota
Loan and Trust Company, bearing date the
first day of October. A. D. 1885, and, with a
power of sale therein contained, duly recorded
In the Office of the Register of deeds in ard
for the county cf Stevens and state of Min
nescta on the Tenth day of November, A. D.
1885, at o'clock p. NJ, in book ~ of
mortgages, ON page 594, and no action or
proceeding having been instituted, at law or
otherwise, to recover tie debt secured by
said mortgage. or any Fart thereof;
Now, therefore, notice is hereby given
that by virtue of the power OF sale contained in
said mortgage and pursuant to the statute
in such case made and provided, the said
mortgage will be foreclosed by sale of the
premises described in and conveyed by said
mortgage, viz:
The north west quarter IN. W. X) ofsec-
ton one ID and the mort h east quarter of the
south west quarter (NE1-4 of SW1-4) of
section one Q)i in township one hundred and
twenty four Q24l, ct range forty two (42)
Containil & one hundred eighty nine (1S9)
acres, be the same more or less, according to
the T. s. Government survey thereof in Ste
vens county, and state OF Minnesota, W it'll
the Entertainments and appurtenances; which
sale will be made by the sheriff OF said Ste.
vens county at the front door of the Court
House, in the village of Morris, in said
county and state Jon the 29th DAY of September,
A. D. 1888, at ten o'clock A. NJ. OF that day,
at public vendue, to the highest bidder Tor
cash, to pay said debt and interest, aud the
taxes, if any, on said premises, aud twenty five
dollars, attorneys tets, as stipulated in and
by said mort. age in case of foreclosure. and
the disbursements allowed 10y law; subject to
redemption at any time within one year from
the day ofsale, as provided by law.
Dated, August 9th, A D.. 1883.
The MINNESOTA LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY,
WILLIAM J. HAHN, Mortg agee.
Attorney for Mortgage,
Minneapolis. Mimi.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
BLANKS! BLANKS!

Is there anything in the following
list Of blanks that you need! If so,
call at TIE SUN office and get them
at Pioneer Press prices saving tc
you of express and collection charges.
We have on hand:
Warranty deed, blanks.
Mortgage deed,
Satisfaction Of Mortgage,
Farm Contract. and Lease,
Chattel Mortgage,
Chat.el Mortgage release,
Criminal Complaint,
Criminal Warrant,
Commitment, Justice Court,
Summons, IS g
Summons, District Court.
Garnishee blanks, Justice Court.
Notification of Pleading,
Township Verified Accounts,
Notes and receints in books of 100.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
Harvest Excursions.

''The Burlington" (C.B. Il N.R.R.
will sell ticket to almost all points i'll
Tennessee. Missippi. Alabama, Loui
siana, Arkansas, Missouri, Texas
New Mexico, Indian Territory, Kan,
sas, Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming
Minnesota, Dakota and Montana, al
the low rate of one fare for the round
trip. Dates of sale, August 21st
Sept. 1lth and 25th, and Oct. 9th and
23rd For tickets rates. and any in
formation. apply to any agent of the
G. b. & Y. r. r., or write to w. J
c. Kenyon. Gen. Pass. Agent, st,
Paul, MINI.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
Verdict Unanimous.

w. D. Suit, druggist, Bippns, linda.
testifies, 81 can recommend Electric
Ritters as the very best remedy.
Every bottle sold has given relief in
every case. One man took six bOttl's
and was cured of rheumatis Of 1C
years standing. Abraham Hare, drug
gist. BelviIle, Ohio. affirms: ssrhe best
selling medicine ever handled in my
20 years experience, is Electric Bit
ters." Thousands of others have ad
ed their testimony, so that the yer.
diet is unanimous that Electric Bit
ters do cure Ill diseases of the liver,
Kidneys, or blood. Only a half dol.
lar bottle ut Buckentin's.
Is 10 Is 3I-37
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

Republicans are tickled over the
nomination of Donnelly on the United
Labor ticket. The reason is plain:
They figure that he VIII take from the
democratic candidate some of the far.
mer votes, which they (repnblicans)
do not hope to carry for their ma
chine made ticket. What need the
people care, any how. so long as The
democrats have enough 10 win by?-
and they certainly will.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
HOW DOES THIS STRIKE TIE TAX
PlYERSo

While under arbitrary laws the
State enforces the payment of the
last cent of tax levied upon the pro-
perty of the humblest citizen, Re-
publican Legislature has by that
measure. notorious us blouse File
49, RENTED to a railroad company,
enriched by grant of the public
domain, the taxes upon its lands,
evaded by it for years. and amount
ing to about 81 100000, under the
Specions pretense of "An act to re-
lieve settlers" on these lands. We
offer this as Il monumental example of
The kind of protection modern Re-
publicanism affords to tax .burdened
people.-Dcmocratic State Platform.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

notwithstanding this was to be a
clean campaign. upon principle, GER.
tain G. o. p. sheets are smearins
themselves beyond recognition with
the bloody shirt. And few such
can be found in tariff reform Mime
sofa, too.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

Hunting stoiees, good ones, are al
a premium just now. For any who
want good one we suggest that they
call into requisition few of the in
ventions of the campaign liar. Yo,
knew that he was abroad in the land
didn't you! We'll lie is, and fol-
cheek that is colossal he is sumner.
Look out for him.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
P.A.McCarthy&Co
Morris s. GraceviIie. Mimi.

ElOIAls - UIdCcvaEits N1EhH.
Real Estate for Sale, Rent or Elk
change on commission. We have
some great bargains to offer.
Minneapolis and Duluth property
for exchange for farming lands.
Abstracts. Carefully Compiled.
Defective titles perfected.
II you want to borrow
money on your farm or renew
your loans, investigate our
plans, we can loan money On
improved farms on several
different plans, at low rates
Of interest. and on easy terms
Of payment in installm ents.
We recommend our Life In
surance plan Of loans as the
best. IF the borrower die
before the loan is paid Off,
the mortgage will be Cancelled
and fully satisfied, and the
surplus Over the amount Of
the loan. and accumulated
profits On the Policy will be
paid to his heirs. thereby
leaving no mortgage for the
family to russell with. Farm
ers Investigate this plan #
you have to borrow.
We can also Negotiate Town,
County and School bonds at the best
marketable terms. If your Town.
County or School district wants to
negotiate new bonds or refund one,
let us know, and get the best terms.
Observation-Disclosures farmer
should always have his property in
sured. Not only against fire. but
against all the elements. We write
all kinds of Insurance. Premiums
are small. And may be paid in in
stallments after crops are marketed.
Your building, Farming tools and
stock should always be insured
against Fire, Lightning. Cyclones.
Tornadoes, and Windstorms, and your
Crop against the dreadful and ever
destructive Hail Storms. Farmers.
don't forget to Insure. 1t is not
necessary to pay the premium in
cash. You can pay it in the fall. or
in very small, annual, fall install
ments. If you want any insurance
let us know. Our Companies are the
best and write the most liberal farm
ers policy. We also Insure Stock
against loss by death, disease or
theft.
Ill kinds of Deeds, Mortgages,
Leases and other legal papers care
fully drawn. and acknowledged. We
also do general Land Office and
Pension business. Pension vouchers.
acknowledged free of charge.
Florida. Orange Groves. Stock
Ranches and farms for.sale.
Farms and houses for rent. Rents
collected. Taxes paid. Ocean Tic
kets, to and from all parts Of the old
country for sale.
European Drafts issued, payable in
any part of the old country.
Any information desired. will be
cheerfully and freely furnished.
We solicit share of the public
patronage.
PA. Mccarthy &C.,.
( NORRIS. MINI.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

The Pilot, Faribault, Mimi, is a
late volunteer to the rapidly growing
tariff reform. army in Minnesota. 1t
pouIS some hot and effective shot
into the protection camp, and the
number before us gives promise that
it will capture many from the enemy S
ranks before the campaign closes.
Long may the Pilot live and prosper
OuS he
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

st. Paul Herald. Labor paper: AS
an indication Of the political changes
that are taking place in Minnesota, it
may be mentioned that of fourteen
Scandinavian papers published in the
state, twelve have changed FROM Re.
publican to Democratic.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
nnnnsea wonders ext in thousands o.

nuunSea wonders ext in thousands Of
HIN Pforms, but are surpassed by the mar
U0Gl vels OF invention. ! hose who are
in need or profitable work that can be done
while living at home should at once send
their address to Halleit & CO., Portland,
Maine. aud receive tree, full information how
either sex, ofall ages, can earn from IS to so5
PER day aud upwards wherever they.aive.
You are started fires. Capital not required
some have made ever 500 in single day at
his wcrk A,lsuceced
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

The Tory policy Of protecting the
classes at Il q expecse of the masses
will not work on this side. 1t is to
be stand up fight between the mil.
lionaires and the millions. and the
millions will win Boston Globe.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

The republican party docs not adj
vocate free trade nor even Il reduction
of the tax on the necessaries Of life;
bnt il does advocate free whiskey free
trusts. free Chinese and free pauper
labor,
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
THE REPUBLICAN, PLATFORM.

I've would effect all needed reduc-
ton of the national revenue by RI
pealing the taxes upon tobacco
and the tax upon spirits used in
The arts. If there shall still
1cmain larger revenue than is re-
auisite for the wants Of the govern
z'ent We favor the entire repeal OF
internal taxes
WHAT TIE REPEAL OLE TAXES ON To-
BACCO AND SPIRITS, OR REPEAL OF
THE INTERNAL REVENUE, MEANS.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
STATE.

For Governor.
EUGENE NJ. WILSON,
Of Uennepin Comfy.
For Lieutenant Governor.
DANIEL w. BUCK,
OF Blue Earth County.
For Secretary Of State,
w. G. RApENHAGEN,
Of Carver County.
Fer State Treasurer,
HANS NELSON,
Of Otter Taii County.
For Attorney General,
CHARLES DAUTREMONT,
OF 81. Louis County.
For Chief Justice of Supreme Court,
SEAGRAVE SMITH,
OF lennepin County.
For Associate Justice Supreme Court
GEORGE +. BATCHELDER,
Of Rice County.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

Editor Stevens, Of tile 1,rainerd
Journal. challenges any republican of
the 39th Legislative district to joint
discussion Of Tile tariff question.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

L VI y uuSC IL lOtu CitOiCAsA1 OiSSllCts
e., l.. BROWN.
COUNTY.
For Auditor,
GEO. II. GILTINAN.
For Treasurer.
A. l.. STENGER.
For Register of Deeds,
j. G.. HANCOCK.
For Judge of Probate.
S. &. MURPHY.
For Clerk of District Court,
ARCHIE YOUNG.
For Sheriff,
JAS. DELAHUNT.
Fer superintendent of Scuols,
CONSTANTINE SAX.
Fer Coroner.
JOSEPH MEIER.
For Court Commissioner,
p. a. MCCARTHY.
For County Commissioners,
J.. D. PEhkINS, 1st. Dist.
NJ. =. MCNALLY, 3rd, Dist.
]. CHRISTIANSON, 5Lh, Dist
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
Notice TO Creditors.

STATE CT NISYRsoTA, &C
County Of Stevens,
IL PROBATE CoURr,
In the matter of the estate o. jeremiah T.
Mccarthy, deceas, d:
No; ice is he relv given to all persons hay
lrg claims and demands against the estate oil
jeremiah T. Mccarthy late Of the Comfy oil
Stevens deceased. that the Judge cf the Pro
lat Court Of said County VIII hear, examine,
and adjust claims and demands against said
estate. at his Office in the Court House in the
Village Of NJ, r:iS in said County, on the frs.
Monday in the non hs of October Nov eEbar
December 1889, January, February and
March 1889, and tl.at six months from the 3rd
day If september 1883, have beer: liaii Ell an
allowed by said Probate Court for CT editors to
prt sent their claims
Dated this Srd day of September A D. 1858.
CATHERI.E A. MCCARTHY,
Administrators of the estate of ]. T. McCay-
thy, deceased.
GEO. Z. DARLING,
[SEAL] Judge of Probate.
S. A FLAHEkTY,
Attorney for Administrators. 43
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

This institution has for its object
the training of Young Ladies for
School Teachers, &C., and the Sisters
have made reduction in the usual
prices, SO as to enable young girls who
cannot afford the highest terms usually
charged in boarding schools, to have
the advantages they would have in
any other schools where double the
amount would have to be paid.
The School Year hast wo sessions
of FIVE months each, commencing lst,
Monday in September. The End, lst,
Monday in February.
TERMS PER SESSION:
Board and Tuition in English Bran
ches, Bed and Bedding, $4,000 paid
in advance.
Charges for Languages, Music &C.,
Apply for Prospectus to
SISTERS OF MERCY,
39t2m' Morris, Mimi.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06

For p. esidential Electors At large,
JAMES ). O'BRIEN.
of Washington County.
w. +. KEl.SO,
Of klttson County.
ANDREW NELSON, lst, Dist.
IL. Z. CONSTANCE, 2nd. Dist.
q. NJ. HALL. 3gG, Dist.
JOHN +. STONE. 4th, Dist.
HENRY KELLER, 5th, Dist.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
JUDICIAL.
COUNTY.

For Judge Ct 10Th Judicial District,
e., l.. BROWN.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
aah.ish ID Every Thursday,

Norris, Mimi, Sep. g.. 1888.
The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1888-09-06
DEMOCRATIC TICKET.
NATIONAL.

FOr President.
GROW Err CLEVELAND.
For Vice President.
ALLAN G.. THURMAN.
The Washington bee., 1888-12-08
THE PRESS CONVENTION

The press convention that will
convene in this city FEBRUARY %.
1889 will be one of the largest and
most interesting in the history OF
the ass citation. The Editor of
tie BEE having been designated
Chairman of The local committee,
by Mr.. Stewart, chairman of the
executive committee of the Natl
onal Press Association, it is hoped
that the citizens of this city will
cooperate with Mr.. Chase and 9th
er members of the local colored
press to give our co!ored editors
a royal reception. There will be a
meeting of the District press at the
office OF the BEE next Monday
evening to which the colored ed
itors OF this city are invited to at
tend.
The Washington bee., 1888-12-08
BLANCH K BRUCE.

One of the most honorable
men In this country is the man
whose name is at the head of this
article. lie is an honor to him.
self and the race to which he is
id. ntitied. No man is more re-
spected; no man has exercised
better political sagacity than
Bldnch 4 Bruce. He is to day,
in the estimation of his people, an
honored man and one, while a
member of the Senate and Regis
terer of the Treasury, who reflect
ed credit upon himself ana the
people. We hope 10 see him fill a
higher official position in the
administration of Gen'l Harrison.
Mr.. Bruce is not a candidate, we
know, for any Office, and it is
doubtful whether he would give
up the lecture field for an office.
The Washington bee., 1888-12-08
WHO Is TIE MORE WOR.
THY?

We are confronted daily by
cries from the Southern Brigadier
or the daily press in that section
of the Union, of some unk nd re-
marks concerning the colored
people. The Southern people
might as we'll understand now that
the colored people of their section
do not intend to tolerate any
more political outrages, nor d.
they intend to be used any longer
by any party that cannot protect
them. We have the most abid-
ing faith in Mr.. Harrison and the
republican party and believe that
the colored citizens of the South
will see new light.
The North cannot longer en-
dure Southern oppress on or q
certain class of their unfortunate
citizens who are unable to pro-
tect themselves, nor will the
North continue to allow the sup
preston of the vote in
states where certain citizens are
deprived of a free ballot and a
fair count. We are told that the
color line in the South will be
obliterated if the negro is disfran-
chised. The negroes aided in
saving the Union while these
bellish brigadiers did all in their
power to dlstroy it. The
negroes were true to the blue,
while the rebels honored the gray.
The negro slave supported his
mistress while his master was in
The field attempting to devour this
republic. The negro remained
with his mistress, not of his own
free will, but because circums'an-
ces would not permit him to do
otherwise. Notwithstanding the
colored oppression he is still true
to the republic and loyal to the
party that aided him in his liberty.
What We ask for the colored man
is protection in his civil and po-
litical rights, and we believe that
Mr.. Harrison and the republican
party will see to it that all classes
ofcitizens will be permitted to cast
their ballot without intimidation.
The Washington bee., 1888-12-08
HELP LANGoTON.

Perhaps there is no man in this
country who deserves the sympa-
thy and support of his people
more than Hon. John Mercer
Langston, who has been fraudu-
lentIy counted out In the 4th Vir-
ginia district. He is our races
friend and a fearless advocate of
the constitutional rights of our
people. Shall we support him?
Has he ever been untaithful to
the trust imposed in him? We
know that he has honored every
position that he has filled and
when be is seated In the next
Congress, the American people of
African decent will say, why was
8" good man opposed by the
enemies of our race? Let US all
join in and help Langston; let the
colored press be heard in no un-
certain sound, When we are
true to ourselves and those of our
race who aspire e to honor and trust,
We can say, swell done good and
faithful servant thou has been
true to our cause, 60 thou and be
faithful to all" Long live Lang
ston the races leader.
The Washington bee., 1888-12-08
REV. GRIMKlE.

The congregation of the 18th 81
Presbyterian church, in The call OF
Rev. Grmkie, it Is hoped will tend
to bring the people closer together.
While we favored Rev. Grimkie i,
was believed that he bad receded
from his former views in regad to
burying the dead, christening This
ls the reason Mr.. a. Russell, aud
others refused to make the vote un,
animous. If be still hold these
views, we agree with Mr.. Russell
and others who refused to vote to
make Rev. Gr.mkie's rec Ill unan
lmous. No one can doubt Mr.
RusseIls honesty aud sincerity in
any cause to be esp)used for the
good Of the people. We welcome
Kew. 6rlmkle with the understand
ing that he has receded from his
former views, &c,