Clarksville evening chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn) 1886-1890, 1888-12-18
HISTORY OF rELEasApHY.
Electrical Phenomena Noted u. C. COO.
Progress Of Diseovory-Tho Telephone.

Progress OF Discovcry-ThO Telephone.
/ Six hundred years b. c.. Thales, of
Miletc, noted the electrical phenom-
ena and developed by friction upon
! amber; 200 years later Plato theorized
upon electricity, and A. d. 1922 Mar
tinigo, Venetian, the engineer in de-
Tense of Rhodes, applied one end Of a
drum head at the end of his counter
mine to discover tho vicinity and
direction of the enemy's underground
galleries, and thus, by utilizing the
/ molecular disturbance of the earth in
sound waves, conceived the basis of
telephony. It was not, however,
until A. D. 1890, that Won Guerick
made tho first machine for generating
FRACTIONAL electricity, nor until A. d.
1926, that Wood recorded tho fact that
FRACTIONAL electricity would pass
through q considerable length of wire,
and could therefore DO utilized for the
transmission of signals. To Wood, of
England, is therefore due tho honor
of first suggesting the feasibility of
electric telegraphy.
A. D. 1875, Murschenbrok, Ger
many, invented the Leyden jar, by
which means FRACTIONAL electricity
could be stored for experimental pui'
poses, A. d. 1747, DR.. Watson, Eng
land, erected the first telegraph line
between Shooters Hill and London,
and A. d. 1853, @. M. believed to be
the initials of Charles Matthew'S pub
lished the manner in which he had in
dictated the letters of the alphabet
through system of twenty-six wires,
by FRACTIONAL electricity. During the
latter half of the Eighteenth century
inventors of all nations endeavored,
by means of two or more wires and
! FRACTIONAL electricity, to transmit in
telligenco between distant places; but
it was not until A. D. 1900, when
Volta proclaimed his own and Gal
wants prior experiments in the produc-
ton of chemical electricity, that cleo
trio biography, as now developed, be-
came practicable
A. d. 1919, Oorstcd Denmark) dis
covered that freely suspended mag
netized needle would move to the
right or left, in accordance with the
! polarity OF Il current OF electricity
| through an adjacent wire. A. ID.
| 1920 Arago (Hrancc) discovered that
whom q bar of soft iron was wound
with copper orinsulated iron wire, it
became aInagnet whenever q current of
electricity travorsed the wire, and was
Immediately demagneti2ed Tor nearly
so) when the wires were disconnected
| from tho source of current.
A. D. 1882, Faraday England dis
covered that when coil Of insulated
wire was placed adjacent to, but not
connected with, another coil of wire,
through which an intermittent current
Of electricity was passed, induced cur
rents Of increased intensity and alter
mating polarity were developed in the
unattached coil. Also that the move
mcnt of permanent bar magnet with
in coil of wire, or the movement of
an electromagnetic near the poles OF q
permanent magnet, would develop cur
rents Of electricity, To the foregoing
rudimcntal discoveries of Galvani and
Volta, Oersted, Arago and Faraday is
Che world indebted for tho numerous
subsequent inventions which havo de-
veloped electric biography, plating,
illumination, transmission of power
and other valuable results attained
during the Nineteenth century.
From Woods first conception of an
acknowledgement, A. D. 1726, moro than
o century elapsed before Cooke and
Whcatstone QIngland), A. d. 1887,
adapted Oersted's discovery of A. D.
1915 to the first practical and com
mcrcially successful system of what
may be termed visual electric telegra-
ply; and soIno months later Morse and
Vail, United States, adapted Arago's
discovery of A. D. 1920, to tho first
system of recording electric telcgra-
! ply, Vail being the inventor of the
| dot and dash alphabet
A. D. 1888, Stcinhill, Germany,
adapted Oc1sted's discovery to the first
recorded system of sound or aural tcle-
graphy, and first utilized the earth in
lieu of o second wire or oil metallic
circuit. 1t is by no means certain that
there is any electric current flowing
through wire, or that wavo of
! Electricity, lilo tho waves of sound,
traverse it. II il simply q customary
expression TO Indicate q difference i'll
and around wire to the conditions in
which said wire was when no electric
ity was present in it.
a. y. 1889, Wheatstono invented
! tho step by aiop alphabetical indicating
: telegraph; and A. D. 1913, House, Eng
land, invented the alphabetical type
printing telegraph, which was gubso-
/ qucntly improved upon by Hughes,
ENGLAND. A. D. 1916, Bainc, England,
invented tho chemical dot and dash
! rooC.ylincc taIppronh which cOrY1hipn1
with Wheatstone's automatic trans
,nittor, is the most rapid method Of CON
voying intelligence in present opera
| ton.
Finally, A. D. 1876, Bell, United
States, invented the telephone, and by
accomplishing tho electrical transmits
sion of speech, thus attained possibly
tho highest degree Of perfection in in
accommodation of intelligence
! i. w. Osborne.