Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-31
THE ANCIENT PUEBLOS
REMARKABLE DISCOVERIES IN An
ARIZONA VALLEY.

Fruitful Work Of the Hemenway E1pedi-
ton Under the Guidance OF Frank A.
CoshiDe-Scientihc Experimentation
Of IN Ancient American Race
In quiet and uupretentious but persistent
manner there has been going on for some
thing more than year, in the desert lands
Of Arizona, q work Of exploration and scien-
tifc Investigation that, by reason of the
peculiar field entered upon, the originality of
methods adopted in its prosecution, and the
importance Of the results that are being at
tanned is destined TO rank among the fore
most enterprises of its kind that the world
hes known
The original Investigations pursued by Mr.
Frank A Gushing among the Zuni Indians
about seven years ego have now become
matters Of history, and their great value
from an archaeological poin, of view has
long age been recognized by scientists in al
parts of the world Mr. Cushing settled
among these Indians, became one Of them by
adoption, was initiated into their sacred rites,
and gave years 10 thorough study from the
inside of the history OF these people as shown
from generation 70 generation, and in the
forms and ceremonies OF their mysterious
r,tDailstic societies
WOMANs ENTHUSIASM
His work attracted the attention of Mrs
Hemenway, no had long been interested in
the Indian people, and she recognized the i'm.
po-tance Of having, for the first time in this
country, special culcus studied and an an
Gent civilization rehabilitated and brought
within the scope of modern Investigation
Happily endowed with wealth, she came 70
the assistance of Nh Cushing. and with cor
dial sympathy and enthusiasm organized the
expedition that has been SO effectively and SO
mOdesttT working
For over year, then, this expedition has
been hard at work excavating and collecting,
and the fruit Of this long period Of labor is
now on It's way eastward It comprises sew
eraI thousand specimens OF pottery, domestic
utensils, smell WORK, ornaments, stone imple-
ments, skeletons, etc. A few of the skeletons
viii De deposited IN the Army Medical Inu-
scum at Washington, but the collection prac-
tically in its entirety viii come to Salem.
W cat fnaI disposition will be made of il
Is not yet determined Professor Edward
8. Morse, Of Salem, has from the outset bean
deeply interested II this unique enterprise.
He has just returned to his home after sew
eral weeks spent In the camp OF the expeff-
ton. whittier be went on special tour to sx-
anime the field OF work
CAMP EEMESwAY
The country which was selected for ex-
plorauiOn end excavation does not offer
many aIlurements in the way of comfortable
living. The heat is intense, the dust is stit-
ling. tho water is warm and muddy, and the
banefuI fy Is numerous. The expedition has
caInped about ten miles from the city of
Tempe, A T In and about Tempe arc
abundant indications of tropical ctimate in
trees, varieties Of cacti, and vegetation gen
orally. The valley in which Camp Hanen-
way Is situated is a broad, leve, expanse,
smooth as parlor aoOr, hard and dry and
vsrlegated, with punches Of sage brush, tho
mesquite, scraggy trees, and beautiful
flowers For twenty five niles this fat sur
face stretcles away, and a carriage could be
driven anywhere over IL The soil Is light
and dry and all about little whirlxinds of
dust are seen moving along. The fauna and
the fora are of seml-tropical character.
Camp HenlsnSay consists Of several COM
uodious tents pitched about q quadrangle
A few small trees Try IN vain TO give shade;
q Gag waves from tail staff, and at dis
tance 8 dozen mules ara tied Far away
ranges shut II the valley The
quadrangle Is roped about. and on the smooth
earth floor stone implements Of various kinds
are arranged IN groups awaiting classical
ton In several large tents rude tables and
shelves bold specimens Of pottery. Excava-
tio1s have been made far and near About
the camp and temples houses, graves and
ovens have been uncovered. until
the Lie of this ancient peopls stands revealed
as plainly as though TIE record had bean
Written down III vorcis
CLUSTER OF CITIES.
II appears that this valley in which tbs
amp Is. as well as other valleys throughout
that section OF the country. was centuries
ago TIE home Of 4 large population, which.
from the general character Of the dwellings
which nave been exhuned, has been estl-
aoed 10 have reached in ibis vicinity alone
probably not short Of 100, 900 individuals
The houses Of these people were built in
groups Of cities, only the merest traces Of
wLic6 now remain The buildings, it is SUD
posed, were overwhelmed By earthuuakas
After which the dIsiategrstiug elements re-
iuced them % dust, SO that now nothing IS
Ell cut low mounds III defined heaps Of
earth. and irregular lines of old canals
Once this valley sustained cluster Of
.ities situated several miles from each other.
Between the cities the work OF agriculture
~ss carried on, and traces OF an elaborate
Iysreln Of frrlgating canaIs have been found
These canals run IN every direction. and they
turned the dry desert into a fourishing and
productive garden spot. One canal hes been
raced seventeen miles. another in a neigh
boring valley seventy-ntne miles, and there /
ne others Of even greater lenytA In their
these public vorks represented
what must nave been then an almost incred- I
bic amount OF labor. They were built ter |
-aced, 30 that water would be retained In 4
hem Al the year, and their surface walls .
re-e baked, until they were almost water
root by burning brush piled upon tie pcd- .
lied and Plastered mud that formed their 1
ides. The canals served busy popuiarlou,
md certainly only great population could 4
Ave constructed them or inGeed even bad
,sed Of them
DWELLINGS OF TEE PEOPLE
In the middle Of each city rrss.ivestrucs-
IRE. with thick walls and SIX or seven stories
a heaght, stood rs a fortress Around scis
rsre grouped ts,e dwellings OF the peocsa-
ar<e blocks with aai roofs and terraced to
he height Of rhr>e or four stories. SQt8ciens
IS been discovered 70 enable TIE invesolsa.-
'rs to practically reconssrucs tie general
Ippearance Of these cities, and TO clearly des-
gnate the character OF their architecture and
10 methods Of life OF the people, even 70
minor details The men engaged IN the chase
md in agriculture, vhils the women al
ended 10 household duties, and made. dec