davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Felt raabet. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1887-1889, 1888-09-21
8 . y.
n UNI. nROHIBITION.
/ lAGS. EOPLE.
Denitore Yrocesiion.
eVS

! Denitore Yrocesiion.
8robibitioniterues 8rocesiiOn tom
formebelit i'm @tsrrelie us 8eseiitrins.
ooer MiuneapOlis Bp, iom Suleafteu
paa &ierrin9en. Gntelte fauot osiao
paa 6itOrier naite Dag, Siitorier, ION
ituloe forflare, buorfor "Janatiterne''
par iaa monse: "Yrob,bitioniterne
tisbte Manb til at soa YrOcesiioneu. "
Bi bar ifstse Minneapolis "9ribune''
lite minbre enb 1000 Manb % piloe
bet iaaleoes uete en- sanite foitbar Yros
cesiion. Sa9en bar ben, at 8efolfuin=
gen Der / Bpen blep bebrppeli9t operraz
ifet. De bapbe pei pentet, at Gfterret<
ninsen ON at Sen. Siit life fom, ifulbe
baue siort bet belle til en- ,tOrilasen
fizle, men bet bar ett fzle oper en- Nil
lang % bet beuiites, at Oort Harti lite
er fremtalbt ueo tunitise Mibler eller
perionlis Masnetisme, men at bet bpis
Ter paa ct Hrlncip, iOm bperfen itaar
eler falber ueb nosen Maub.
Sab @epublifanerne arransere en- 4sros
cesfion til Mobtaselie for Blaine os tire
Da9e foruo mobtaSe Telegram ON, at
Giaiten lite tommer os ri ital leie
Sfuffelier % Drfeslssbeb, bpor fsr par
bet piloeite Opermob.
Gller Oemotraterne os Glepelanb.
Sc iom bar meb prolesfione fslte,
at be bar paa @eien til bet "9uibe 1us".
De fplte bet meb fulb Dperbepisnins os
meo mere Sifferbeb, END nosen Demoz
frat eller @epublitaner noseniinbe pil
fomme til at fble bet iaar. Sc, lom
benne Hrocesiion git meo benemte Sfribt
til Tromnlerues os be ifrallenbe Snitrus
menters 1aft, uibfe, at ON bet enb ifulbe
tase benz tire, fire Nar fsr @aibtnston
blep inbtaset, iaa uar Der bog lite en-
guule Tuipl ON, at ri 10 will get
there = just the same.
Felt raabet. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1887-1889, 1888-09-21
s BeopIes Ibeater.

s Beoples Z beater.
Dm Gftermibbasen Rl. 2 bolbtes E
MBbe | Yeoples Ebeoter. quiet pa,
| fplbt liee til bet fsrite @alleri al me.
itenbels &pinber, men ueiaa en- flor De
Menb. Reu. Dr. satterlie bar Chair.
man % 5Oriamlins bespubte meb Nf.
lpngelien al Salmen: All hail the
power Of Jesus name, oerefter Ben al
Saep. Buu.
Stubenterfparteten fang oerpoa en-
Gang, iom blep mobtaset meb Storm.
Sc blep fremfalbt % fang nof en- Gang.
&eu. 8ibbert fra Bottom bleu berpaa
introbueeret 9an git ub fra, at ben
triftne Gipiliiatiou bar afbansis lite
aleue al Relision % Dplpsnina, men
osiaa af 5remifribt ! sorretuins os ben
itbrite 9iubrius for 5Orretninssfrems
itribt bar @usbrifstraften.
"gi bortsbsler en- Hillion Dollars
@usbrif bperf Gar, iasbe Ealeren. "os
ior bper Dollar, iom iaalebes bortsbsles,
maa Der ipenberes en- til for at raabe
Sob paa ben @tabe, iom afitebtOmmes.
Sen aapital, 1om benDttes til Breuoez
pinstilpirtninsen, siuer Solicit meset
minbre 8eitieftiselie eno nosen anoen
Snbuitri. 9uiltetiombelit, Der nebbrp=
Der Solicit, itaber Nrbeibstraften os
binbrer Gorretnin9en. Set ct buerfen
6ribanbel eler 8eitpttelie. men 5oltets
&aratter, Der befemmer 6orretninsens
Jremsaus, Seq antlaser besse be
samle Hartier, forbi be life logger
Merte til oenne &jenbssjeruins. Bet
melt bemoniite peb belle bet republitanite
Yartis SbilicenletbeOri er. at bets 9en=
iist er at sisre &usorifsbanbeleu reipefs
tabel. So mere reipettabel SaloOnen
er, befo mere reipettable er be Nenb,
iom ben ruinerer os fplselis beito fsrre
Cab"
Da ban @lutninseu af fit 5oreoras
omtalte Sen. 1iit, lsb Der en- liulis Biz
falosform. 9an iasoe: gi gap @op.
ct. Sobn 100000 @ten,mer 1884, ri
oil sipe Sen. Siit 100000 Stemmer
/ 1888 osi Naret 1892 ital ., bore bam
ino i bet "9pibe GUS"
Da Giif=aparteten bauoe iunset, bier
Mils @i1larb lebet frem. Menbene
tlappebe, Danerue iuinseoe fine 2omme'
tsrtleber os Yrafoenten for w. G. I.
U. of the world talte. Gun fortalte
ON Rpinbernes Ronueution iReo Bms,
fra bpilfen bun bar nplis fommeu, ON
Or. Braots's bad break % ON, at Sa'
loouteepere SnoiauapOlis be,iebe 5las.
ba be erfareoe, at Ben. parriion bar no.
mineret.
Otter benbe iaebe Brof. U, U. 9op'
fins. ioul bar ffreuet Sen. Sits BIO
graf, nosle iaa Orb ansnaenbe be Om'
itrnbisbeber, fom bapbe fremfalot Bar'
tiet.
Manse G. O. P.sMenb bar tilfteoe
baobe af Morite ss Gmeritanere. Nosl'
bolbt ub til Msbet bar ifut, anore lite
Felt raabet. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1887-1889, 1888-09-21
9iI Mbs,a,.emterme.

Yaa Grunb af @psbom er be fbite to
ssammere ubiOmnet en- Dag ienere enb
ben for Hlaoet fufiatte Dag. Sra ne-
ite llse bill net iaien ubtomme reselmrss
iist @eb.
Felt raabet. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1887-1889, 1888-09-21

Meblemmerne af ben norife Nfbolbs=
forenins iamlebe fig peo Dania 9au os
efterat baue anlfaffet fig fine Slsifer os
"Brooms" % faaet Damerne patfet mb
i "9ads", .ipiaehe '"9eormanua 8ano"
op en- lplis Mar@. Det bar omtrins
ct Qunbrebe ba Toget lattes Bepez
selie. men Tallet forssebes peb bper
Blod lanss Gebar % Baibiustau Ases.
Goram git .. 9ilien meb 5oreninsens
Sane o. efter bam Tom 4oui Gnser meo
ct uorit 5las Os @ilbert eanb meb ct
ameritanif. 9r, v. @asmutb bar
Narlbal nleo Jreo M. Werner iom Mo=
iuoant. 1il Trommernes Taft leb 6elte
raabet:
The saloon : saloon : saloon must
go!
geo JreDa SalI iluttebe ben ipenife
@eforlntlub fig til 1oget meo fit iuenife
Glag os Nottoer. Saa bar bet u,here
ai1teb meb en- tetpaffet 9tlifneritare paa
Gprtousene. @fterbpert iOm Y,ocesiio.
men pasitreoe forbi be foritiellise 60
Der, efterat bape aaaet op 9enncpin Npe.
til lobe Street, fob Yrobibitionsflubs
Der, afbolbsforeninser % @oobtemplars
ferbise til at flute fig til 1oset. 9per
5oreuins. boube fine traffenbe Nottoer,
Gan.r os 5las os ale hapoe be fine
"Brooms" meb en- bpio SlSife paa.
@pinoernes friitelise Temperance Union
bar talrist reprnieuteret os DaSblabene
forte1er. at Der bar aloriS ueret feet iao
mango Bosns uoseu Yrocesiion.
Heb sticollet, unber ben slimreube
Sllumination git bet iou ct Iriumftos.
Gprit tom en- sfpabron Holitibetjente,
laa Dan5,s 8anb, berefter be ribenbe Dfs
ficerer for Brobibition armp Of tbe Blue
anb tbe Grap, berpaa ielue armeen I'M.
Der Ganer os Jlas. Siben fcm 9nst
6arriion meb fit @elifab tisrenoe % ef,
ter bam be itanbinap,fte 5oreninser
Manee al be amerifanife 5oreninse,
bopoe iifebetfcr"8 "8rooms" itore"G Grants
paa ct Broomifaft. 5oreninserne ia
ct. Baul tom 800 Nanb ftnrte Os bapot
foruben Hrooms, Granfs % Ganer csiae
en- Groom, omtrent ier Ganse itsrre eui
be alminbeli9e. Den bilieoes mel
Stris fra Iilifuerne, efterbpert iom oisi'
IT pie paa ben. Otter bisfe tom oer
lause @eite gosne. lebet af Rifs Gran'
ces @ilarb. bpis 8ssu btep truffet a
fire sraa 9efte. Damtrue bapbe buio'
Stofer i 8rpfet, iamt ben uforslemme
liee Broom. Gangs NicoQet bar Bas
Felt raabet. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1887-1889, 1888-09-21

1884. 1888 Gain Pr Ct
Republican. .I77, ,779I7s, COS 1924 Il
Democratic 58, ,O7Oe1. Jos 3,03S ST
Prohibition 1,157l 2,971 1914 1871
Grsenb-L'b 3,147 s7e|+s,1osl s69
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28
Wild Dolls.

Wild dolls are curious and interest
ing. Let me tell you of few I have
seen.
The little Moquis girls have wooden
dolls of different sizes and degrees.
The best have arms and legs, and are
dressed in one garment of coarse cotton,
and instead of hair have feathers stick
ing out of their heads, like the end of
feather buster.
A lower grade Of Moquis doll has no
limbs, but is gaily painted in stripes,
and wears beads as big as its fist would
be, if it had one. This looks as you
would with string Of oranges around
your neck. The poorest OF all, which
has evidently been loved by some poor
little Indian girl, has in place OF head
sprig of evergreen. How did the
white man get hold OF treasure like
this? Is the little owner grown up? Is
she laid to sleep undor the daisies? Or
was this doll left behind in hurried
fight of the Atoqlis village before an
enemy?
1t isn't an Edison doll; ii can't talk,
so we shall never know.
The Sitlza girls have dolls Of leather;
black, greasy-looking creatures, I re-
greet to say, with beads for eyes and
mouth, and dresses of fur. The have
also poorer doll, OF clay, with the nose
formed when the clay was soft, by the
summary process of good pinch in the
face; and q lavish display OF BEADS made
by small punches in the same soft ma
terial. The dress of these s,itka babies
is sinple,--a piece OF coarse Indian
cloth wound around the body and tied
on with rag.
Another leather doll belongs to
the little Micmac girl. This is finer
than the last named, however. for the
leather is light-colored; and it has a
nose not pinched up in front, but
punched out from behind, and held in
shape by something hard. Il has black
beads for eyes, and mouth and eyebrows
of black paint. In dress it is quite
grand; moccasins, leggins, and calico
gown, with liberal amount Of bead
trimming and necklaces. The small
Sioux maiden has also a doll Of leather,
black, and with beads for eyes and
mouth.
A Neg Perez girl has contributed to
us-whether willing or not-her dear
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28
THE CHILDREN.
SteF.s1 'ssSts and Funny Fan
,Yss for the Amusement
Of Little Readers.
d DESCRIPTION OF WILD DOLLS.
A Ccwboy's Lot is Not a Hoppy One-How
One Of Them Froze to Death
While at His Post.
Died at His Post.

A good many boys think that the life
of cowboy in the far West is very
jolly one. They imagine that cowboys
have little to do except ride fast ponies,
shoot antelope, and have good time
generally. This is as great mistake
as can be made, and any boy who goes
West with the expectation of making
fortune by simply amusing himself on
The plains will come East again bit
terly disappointed youth.
Cowboys have much hard work to do;
they ale often exposed to the severest
weather, and their very lives have fire.
quently to be riskcd in the course of
duty.
A cowboy must n,t shirk danger
when his employers or his own interest
is ct stake. The following story illus
trates this:
A cowboy known as "Tex" was or
dered to drive Il small herd Of cattle
from certain ranch in the southern
part Of Nebraska to station on the
Union Pacific Railway. It was drive
pf only one day, and Tex started out
blone very early one morning, believing
that he would need no help to manage
30 small number of cattle. During
the forenoon Tex observed clouds gath
bring in the north and he felt sure
storm was coming. He knew it was Of
DO use to try to hurry the herd, but he
lelt little uneasy, as storms in that To-
4ality are likely to be very severe. His
fears We're we'll grounded. Rapidly the
Wind increased, blowing dead against
tie cowboy and his charge. Colder
grsw the atmosphere, and few SNOW
flakes fell. A blizzard was coming, but
Tex kept moving forward. Boreas was
fairly bowling now, and the air was bit
tr cold. Te3's cattle, with heads low
down, breasted the storm, and moved
slowly along the trail. Tex shouted
cheerily to encourage himself as we'll as
Lis cattle, but by degrees he grew more
and more chilled and hoarse, and after
d while he stopped shouting. To keep
Ills blood in circulation, he threw his
arms about and beat his hands against
Ills thighs and body, but soon that did
no good, and he sat still in his saddle,
freezing. The storm rushed and roared
Yet, and colder grew the air. About
,hid-afternoon few cattle We're blown
py the wind to a group of shanties
Standing out on the plain far from the
regular trail. A pony nearly frozen
followed, and stopped in front of one of
the shanties. His rider sat motionless,
and men rushed out to help him down,
but he kept his saddle like marble
figure. The rider was Tex, and he was
stone dead. -Harpeg',s Young People.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28
TIE SIN OF OMISSION.
sr MARGARET e. sANasrEa.

1t isn't the thing you do, dear,
It's the thing you leave undone
Which give you bit of heartache
Al. the setting Of the sun;
1hs tender word forgotten,
The letter you did not write,
The flower you might have sent, dear,
Arc your haunting ghosts tonight.
The stone you might have lifted
Out of the brothers. way,
The bit OF henrthstone counsel
Y,u were hurried too much to say.
THIS loving touch Of the hand, dear,
9'sse gentle and winsome tone
Thu you had no time or thought for,
With troubles enough of your own.
These little acts of kindness
81 easily out of mind,
Thsae chances to be angels
Which even mortnls find
They como in night and silence,
Each child reproachful wrath,
Wien hope is faint and tagging,
Aud blight has dropped on faith.
Tor life is all too short, denr,
Ind sorrow is all too great,
To suffer our slow compass sion
That tarrics until to late.
And it's not the thing you do. dear,
1ss the thing you leave undone.
Which gives you the bittor heartacho
a ',tio setting of tho sun.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28
MODERN EoRr

One of the new underground forts of
Belgium, according to Col. Hennebert,
Of the Belgium army, measures about
100 feet in length by 100 to 1870 feet in
breadth, and extends forty feet below
the surface of the ground, with a maxi
mum height above the surface of not
more than ten to fifteen feet. It is
built of concrete, has the external ap-
pearance of an elliphcal cap placed on
the ground, and is scarcely visible at q
little distance. It is provided with
three armored towers in the center,
each with two heavy guns; and has also
four small forts, which can be pulled in
or run out at pleasure, each armed with
two rapidly firing guns. There are
three armored look-outs, from two of
which electric lights can be flashed
upon the enemy. The interior of the
fort is huge armored we'll, with heav-
ily armorcd sections IN which are kept
provisions aud ammunition, and the
machinery-which includes apparatus
for electric lighting, for working the
turrets and sending them ammunition,
and for ventilation. Entrance is effected
by an armored and strongly closed gall
lery. Orders are given and reports
made by telephone or telegraph. The
forts garrison consists of forty mechan-
les and specialists only. Arka1asa,c
Traveller.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28

"THE really efficient laborer," says
Thoreau, will be found not to unduly
crowd his day with work, but will
saunter to his task surrounded by q
wide halo Of ease and leisure" That is
the way the Office boy usually does.-
SomcyuiUe Jou.na,
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28

doll in It's cradle of basket-work. 1t is
a rag-baby about eight inches long, and
as tightly tied into the cradle as the
poor little Nes Perez girl herself was
tied into hers. Many long, happy
journey has this eight-inch pappoose
taken, slung over the back of its loving
mamma; many swing has it enjoyed,
hanging from bush; and manya greasy
dinner has it shared with its little
owner, at least, so one must judge
from its looks.
The duslsy damsel of Alaska has an
ivory doll. 1t is carved from walrus
tusk, any length from one to six inches,
with nose carved, and eyes, eyebrows,
and mouth of black enamel. Even the
inch-long baby has features carfully
made. She has also doll made of
wood, six or eight inches long, with its
face carved and a curious ornament just
below the corners of the mouth. This
is a blue bead, and is in imitation of the
fashion of her tribe, of making in the
lower lip an opening like a button-hole,
through which any desired ornament
may be thrust. None Of the Alaska
dolls have joints, but this unnatural
stiffness has apparently not been alto
gether satisfactory to the small damsels.
for some are carved in sitting posture
The most humble doll is simply
stick with head carved on the end.
But the most elaborate af all the Indian
dolls have seen belongs also to Alaska.
It is carved from dark-colored wood,
with mouth open, showing three white
teeth, and it has real hair, in locks six
inches long, stuck into holes in the
wooden head, with the drollest "patchy"
effect.-OHve Thor1ae Miller, IN st.
Nicholas.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28
From THE WOHSHIf' OF ISIS TO THE
WORSHIP OF MARY.


WORSHIP OF MARY.
Their goddess, that of the ancient
Parisians, was the mysterious Virgin
mother of Egypt, Isis, the water god
dess, whose priestesses and whose wor-
ship we find spread so universally.
Her sanctuary was built on the site of
the present cathedral Of Notre Dame,
and her fetes and her rites were cele-
DRAFTED with the same pious ardor,
though not with the same splendor, as
in the East, and every year the sacred
bark was launched in souvenir of Isis,
abandoning herself to the waves to seek
the body of her lost divine spouse.
Thus the bark of Isis, symbolizing their
river and their ships, the source of their
prosperity, became the favorite emblem
of the Lutetians, and even when no
longer free they imposed it on their
conquerors. The Emperor Posthumus,
who built an immense palace, of which
the so-called "Thermes de Julian" are a
remnant, had this emblem carved at the
corners of the building, and the stone
symbols may still be seen by visitors to
the Cluny Museum. The Lutetians be-
lieved fervently in Isis and ia the for.
tunes of their frail bark. They even
had belief, which became legend in
the middle ages, that some day one Of
their heroes would 60 in ship to con-
quer Egypt, the original home of Isis.
It is curious fact, too, that Christianity
made very slow progress in Paris until
after the Council of Ephesus softened
the severity of the early Hebraic tenets
by authorizing the more accessible and
element alteration of the Virgin. Hence.
forward it may almost be said that Isis
and the Virgin We're merged into one in
the eyes Of the simple; soon images Of
ola bonne dame"' (the good LADY, were
set up everywhere, at country cross.
roads and street corners, and France be-
came the mother country of Mariolatry.
Theodore Child, IN Harper's Maya
zi11p
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28

went on first and was we'll received.
My first exit is the ''cue" for Dollys en-
trance. At that moment I possessed
enough nervousness for two Of us.
Dolly enters from the back of the stage,
and gracefully glides to the center,
whore she stands before the large audi
ence, in the full glare of the footlights.
Then she commences to speak, and 1
imagine that must be dreaming, for in
those sentences, spoke with perfect
elocution in low but clear and pene-
trating voice, I cannot recognize Dolly;
then L re-enter, and ut the end of the
act We two are left alone upon the stage
T. is a scene of tender passion, and 1 can
feel the throbbing of her heart as fold
Dolly in my arms, and can see real
tears in her eyes, as in the language of
the play she bids ME dispairing fare
well. Her every gesture is perfect,
harmonizing with each word as she
speaks, and when at last leave her,
and she falls senseless upon the stage,
the curtain falls amid perfect pande-
monium of applause.
led her before the curtain, and
such cheering and clapping I never
heard before or since. Snodkins
was crazy with delight, and the news
paper men and visiting managers
thronged Dolly's dressing-room to offer
their hearty congratulations.
The rest o. the play was but cop'
tinuance of tie triumph. Of the first ac;.
The play was q success, and Manager
Snodkins was saved.
1t was very late that night when Dolly
and were once more alone in our little
sitting room. "How could you do it,
Doll?" asked, as I kissed her.
well, shan't tell you how I did it,
Bob" she replied saucily; "but I will
say this: If hadn't loved you so we'll
/ don't think 1 should have tried to be
an actress"
Never heard of Dolly? Well, have
you heard of the famous Dora Neville,
who is even now electrifying London
audiences? To me she is still Dolly.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1888-12-28

il is SO on Christmas evening. The
Academy Of Music is filled from roof to
floor with critical audience anxionsly
awaiting the moment when the curtain
shall rise. In the ROOM are
assembled all the members OF the COM
pany, some OF whom are making it any
thing but pleasant for Dolly. For Jolly
and good-natured as actors and actresses
usually are, and willing as they ever
seem to help each other, they can never
resist the temptation to tease novice.
They were volunteering all sorts of
questionable advice and poking good
deal of fun at my little wife. Dolly
took it all in good part, and
not even the unkind carcasm
OF Miss De Forest, whose jealousy had
overcome the neuralgia sufficiently to
bring her to the Academy in the an
ticif'aiion Of witnessing my wife's dis
contiture, embarrassed her.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1888-01-31
AFTERNOON SESSION.
Suffer Canning Company Prosperous.

AT recent meeting of the Directors of
the Suffer Canning and Packing Company
the initial steps were taken to have the
cannery enlarged. A Building Committee
of three were appointed, consisting of ]. c.
Gray, r. G. Kells and B. f. Walton, whose
duty it is to make all necessary arrange
ments to have the enlargement effected in
season for the new crop. The cannery, it
is understood, is TO have thrice the present
capacity, and will be in condition to handle
all the fruit grown in this section. 1t is
also contemplated to add a large dryer to
the establishment and in this way to meet
all demands upon the institution by our
fruit growers. The company have also
purchased two more acres of ground ad
joining their lot on the south, where COM
Portable quarters are to be erected for the
operatives, where board and lodging can be
secured at bare cost. This step has been
rendered necessary in consequence OF the
lack of the local supply of help during the
busy season, when it becomes necessary
to bring help from distance, which
can thus be housed and fed on the
grounds as economically as at home.
What was at first only a doubtful
experiment is now q grand success, and
will now move on 10 enrich the stockhold-
ers, the fruit-growers, the thousands of new
| laborers required in all branches, and last,
but not least, the landowners of this
matchless little county of Suffer- This
| conversion of our rich grain farms to fruit
is timely, for, contrary to all expectations
it would seem that the old wheat prices are
| never again to be realized. New wheat re-
gions are being opened faster than con-
sumptive markets, and the staple fourishes
! over much wider latitude than the fruits,
especially the California or semi-tropic
fruits, in which we have scarcely a c0rnDeti-
| tor. Our advantage in this respect is per-
| ceived by the East, and we might say by
the world at large, and there is a decided
| disposition manifest that Californians will
be requested to share with others the
bounty of her soil and climate. We are
| glad that our progressive farmers are set
| ting their houses in order" to accommo-
date the growing business their own acts
| invoked.-Sutter County Farmer