davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10

The mert and last day Of registration I" BrooTp''
sciH be October o.
The Park Commissioners have purchased an oiu-
fashioned windmill used 10 grind gram az biluso.
hampton, l. J.. in the last century, for SCoo, ana
propose TO place 1t amid picturesque SURROUNDING
in Prospect Park
The Civil Service Commiss oners have transmitted
TO Mayor Chaplin their answer to The nouce gwen ps
thc state Roard that In Wow of the action Of tho
local comm ssion In revolving the eligible list OF hfe
men, the power of the comm ssioh
10 revoke lists abol she'd Ihey
hold that the state Board has power 10 wl'haiaW
its approval of the regulations under which the oca
commission acts after once having given H.
Joseph ne faur age seven. Of No 80 PIcSidcn,,st,
who accidentally shot herself while carelessly handling
hr fathers revolver on Monday, died yesterday
Driving in Prospect Park is to be limited 10 speed
CT eight miles an hour.
Mrs Mary EitzS hbons. age sixty-flve, was hheu
Yesterday afternoon at Atlanc-avc ana 'olumoiasl',
by being run over by an !ccwagon driven by Daniei
Palmer, of No. 1s3 Front-st.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
WHAT IS GOING ON TO-DAY.

American Jockey Club races. Jerome Park, 30 D. m
Examination OF James f. Bedell, Tombs Police Court.
y.
BadeauGrant suit before Judge Patterson
Commission for Revision OF Excise Law, Biole House.
40 so a. m.
Republican workngmens massmeetng. Clemont
Avenue Rink Brooklyn. 8 y. m
State Medical Association Hotel Brunswick
Park and AQueiuct Commlssio meetings
New.Yors- Pittsburg baseball match. Polo Grounds.
3 80 D.
Bo.ri OF Education p. m.
Modico-Lcgal Society. Hotel Buckingham, D. m
Sth Regiment drill and reception Armory evening.
Empire city Harrison and Morton Club. No 200 East
Eighty -siNthst., y. ~
Orange Athletic Club games East Orange. N j., ~
D.
Parade Of Harrison and Morton Battery Of XVIII
ASSEMBLY District y. m.
XVIII Assembly District Republican Association NO.
427 SccoDd-avc.. p. IN
knights OF Labor mass meetn2 Cooper Union, p. IN
General James r. ODeirne Battery, Drubercs Hail.
St. choasave and one hundred and twenty second 3d.
p m. $1,000. nj,
Irish American An;i-Free Trade Club. XlVh DIS
trct No. 3:S East Twelfth-st, p. m.
Harrison and Morton Club No. Ian Flrstave.' .
Irish. American Anti.Free Trade Cluk XxIst Dis
trict 80. ss7 Scventh-ave, p. m ,oa
German American and Morton Club. No 1sz
East Thirist . p IN. ~ c,,..
IXth District Republican Club. No. 120 Christopher
ST.. y. m , w.. W. +.
Independent Work'ngmens Pro'eeuon OiuD' -'o'
Hamilton Republican Club. No. 2G4 West One
hundred and tw enty- afth-st, p m -
COored Republican Club. No. 207 East seventy
eighth-st, D. N.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
srrcrscrr1 c1rAR1NG OLE STOCKS.

The new experiment in the clearing Of stocks
undertaken through the Manhattan Trust Company by
number of prominent Wall Street firms, has met with
some measure Of success +. o. French, president OF
the trust company. has reported the result of the
the clearngs Of Monday In letter 10 the houses In
tcrcsted. In which he says:
Twcnty-One statements were sent In covering
30 500 shares and the clearing completed in
ten minutes thereafter These transactions of 30 zoo
shares cleared by the delivery OF 5000. The
transactions represented money value Of 81 O32 600
These were balanced by checks for $4,000.
These transactions the largest up 10 date. The
foregoing figures show that with extension Of the
system how great economy in the Of stocks and
money is secured
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
TRYING TO REVISE THE EXCISE LAWS
MANY CHANGES SUGGESTED BY MR.. HILLS COM
MIss1oN-DR. CRosBY's SUGGESTIONS

MANY CHANGES SUGGESTED BY MR.. HILL COM
MIss1oN-DR. CRosBY's SUGGESTIONS
The Commission for the Revision of the Excise Laws
resumed their sessions yesterday morning at Room NO.
Ga Ribe House all the Commissioner being present.
Mr. Stern suggested that regulation should be
made concerning who should grant licenses to steam
boats which run through more than one county, and
offered a resolution proposing that the licenses shoud
be granted by the state License Board DR.. Crosby
objected TO this as involving tyranncal sway over
places lie thought that every town in which liquor
IS sold should grant the license for IT, 1t was Then
proposed that steamers should pay a higher license
at the terminal points of the line, ard that at the
intermediate points liquor should be sold on board
without license Mr.. Stern thought that sale should
not be permitted on steamboats, except when they are
in motion, as otherwise they conld lie at pier and
sell liquor all day for license Of $50, while corner
barloeper has TO pay 5000 The subject was tabled
for the present
Mr. Thomann, who had been invited by the other
commissioners to submit draft for bill TO restrict
the number Of saloons according TO the population,
gave synopsis of his plan which
would apportion the number Of barroomse to
the population at the desired ratio. without
doing Injustice any now in business, as would
result If the number should be arbitrarily reduced at
The question of Msdcmeanors and Penalties" next
the penalty for breach Of the Excise
law by selling without license or by
selling aduerated liquors shall be fine and implson-
mcnt and that second offences against the Excise
laws shall conviction receive at least double the
punishment assigned under the first couvld lon.
Both motions carried. On motion OF DR.. Crosby
il then made misdcmeanOr 10 sell liquor TO ais-
orderly persons, persons In state OF iLfoXlcatlon
habtual drnkards Indians and persons under eighteen
years of age. This raises the limit Of minority from
sixteen years Of age TO eighteen
The Commission then adjourned until 10 80 this
morning
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
JERSEY CITY.

A largo tree that stood in front OF mo mousse Vi
Mrs william Wood, at Jersey ave- and ThId-st', iei
Yesterday breaking every pane of glass in the front
part of the tousc The tree fell in such way as 10
obstruct the entrance TO the house Mrs WOOD VINO
was out at the time of the accident could not get IN
ard the servants in the house could not get out ~
took several hours to remove the tree.
mad dog created some excitement on Monticello
ave. yesterday. Before he was killed nc Di'
colored girl and two dogs.
A horse attached to a heavy wagon ran away IN
Erie-st yesterday. At Newark-ave. the horse Drohs
away from the wagon and jumped through snow
window in furnishing store. The horse was so oadiy
cut by the glass that he had to be shot.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10

the meeting was TO about raising funds 10 assist
the featberworlcr but the strike having been finished
this bcca,ne unnecessary Miss Van Etten gave
detailed account OF the strike tho calls Issued records
communications between employers and employees etc
A number of working girls, Miss Addic McGloin Miss
Wczmann, Iconorc Riley and Maggie finn spoho
upon the condition OF the working girls MISS
Wetzmann claiming that It is the long hours OF labor
which works Injury to the fcathcrworcrs and that II
the hours were reduced would be more work for
others and better pay. Father Huntington, OF the
Avenue A Mission, spoke Of the moral influence Of
organization among and the personal responsi-
hiiy that all women I'm good circumstances ought TO
feel I'm the welfare Of those who more I'M
fortunately placed He spoke in the highest terms OF
the work OF the WoFlngwOmen's Society.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
HOME NEWS.
PROMINENT ARRIVALS AT THE HOTELS.

ALBEM ARIF-Count Arco German Minister at Wash
inston, and Baron de SAINT Anna Of belgium. Bi'E-
VOORT-Wiam T. Walters and Charles F. Mayer OF
Baltimore. nsressnan James W.
Wadsworth Of Gcncseo n. ", and James r. Osgood OF
Boston. FIFTH AVENUE-Senator William T. Ch"n'
der Of New Hampshire Scnatorelect John $ Barbour,
OF Virginia John r. Mclean OF Cincinnati, and Senator
Francis Hendricks OF Syracuse. GILSEl-Congressniah
Carlos French, Of Connecticut 0fFMAN-Congressman
William H. Grain Of Texas and John L. Mitchell OF NH
waukee MURRAY HILI,-Goyernor P. c. Lounsbury.
OF Connecticut, and g. p Huntington and family fAhf
AVENU Sidney Peiham. of Maine. ana
President +. IL. Capcn of TUFTS College. NlCtOhiA-
Judge William l.. Learned. OF Albany. WINDSOR
Congressman James J. Belden. OF Syracuse; Dr. j. 3.
Billings L. S. Army and Robert c. Clowry, Of Chicago.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
NETS FROM THE SUBURBS.
NEW JERSEY.

North Bergen prisoner yesterday turned the
tables on his captor who was Justice of the Peace
John Fitzpatrick The Justice issued warrant Tor
John Dwyer, on complaint of Mrs Dwyer for assault
and battery and undertook TO serve the warrant MN
self He let Dwyer get into liquor store for a
drink and the man escaped and got out warrant
hefore Justice Patrick Anderson for Justice fltz-
patick. on charge Of assault and false imprlsoh-
ment The Justice gave bail in $500 to appear before
the Grand Jury.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
RAILWAY.

Thomas 3. Clarkson died at his homo in Monroe-st.
on Monday. He of the Oldest as well as
most highly respected residents of Railway. He had
een falling for some time and had retired from active
business.
children's fair was held at the house Of Chester
Arthur Johnson on Monday for the benefit of the
yellow fever sufferers 1t expected the little ones
Will raise nearly $50 by their efforts.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
NEWARK.

The stock of I. n Doty & Co., dry goods dealers,
who became bankrupt some time ago, was SOLD az
auction yesterday and was bought in FOR III ooo DS
Dunbam. Butler d Co.. cred tors for S4,G3G II. Tho
Gallo was under foreclosure of chacl mortgages aSgre-
eating S35 600 1t is understood that the business
will be continued in some form.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
ENCOURAGING WORKING WOMEN.

meeting Of ladies' was held Yesterday morning at
the rooms OF the NorlinSwomcns Society. n No. -
Lafayette place. 10 hear the story of the strike Of the
feathcrworhers &c prevent reduction Of their wa
Mrs. C. II. Lowell presided The original purpose Of
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
OUTGOING STEAMERS.
SHIPPING NEWS.
PORT OF NETWORK. OCT Q. 1888
ARRIVED.

ARRIVED.
Steamer Persian Monarch tBr) irwin london with mdse
SandeTson & Son Arrived AT the
steamer westornland Beg,. Ranie. Antwerp with mdse
to Peter Wright sons Arrived at the Bar
Steamer bohemia (Ger) KopG HAMBURG with mdse and
passengers Kunhardt Co Arrived at the Bar at 730
sislmcr Clarinet lBr. chnkskel. Jacmo. etc. with mdse
aud passenger TO Pm Forwood Co Arrived at the Bar at
Steamer Augustine OBJ. Harwood. with mdse
steamer Giencaglos tBr PARK. Yokohama. with md.e
Yemassee Pla Charleston days. with mdse and
Steamer civ OF San Antonio Wilder Fernandina day..
Royal with udse and passengers TO II Mallory
Steamer NacoOcnoe Kembe savannah days. with mdse
Steamer Roanoke. Huphers Newport News and Norfolk.
with mdse and Messengers 20 Oa DSin IS 70 .u,.
VIII mdse and Psssengers to BowTlnS q AreaDam With
ballast 70 master
.UNsET-At Sandy Hook, wind. moderate Nw' clear
At CITY Island wind fresh. NV; clear
CLEARED.
steamer oernanic (Dr. Roberts LIVERPOOL Bruce Is
Steamer St Romans tBr. Campbell. Lverpool-Charles
steamer Bothna (Br) Dutton Liverpoovsrnon Brown
steamer Al.r (Ger) Chroaer. and Southampton
Steamer Monmauthshre (Br) Cunning, sngaporcE Perry
steamer Ashton tBr. Dexter. Amsterdam &C Bertanr
steamer Bairacouta tBrh Hubbard, Wndwafd Islands
steamer Ii Dorado. Byrne New.orleans-John Van
Steamer Seminole Kemble Charleston WIN Clyde & Co.
steamer Guyandotte Kelley Norfolk and Newport News
old Dominion 50 Co
Breakwater. Walker. West Point va-Oh Domin
"a Co.
Steamer Fanny Cadwalader. Dillingham; Baltimoro-B
DOwuer.
Steamer Herman Winter. Hallett. Boston-H Dimock-
Steamer Glaucus. Coleman, Boston-H DImock
SAILED.
Steamers Ma-sala for Hamburg; Espanol for Alvo
Cave FL Dorado New Orleans; Chaitahoche savannah
Seminole Charleston; Guyandotta Newport News; Breas
W West Point, Va
f. sutton Francisco,
Bark Raxnar. Liverpool.
Brig J + Merry; 1t P.orre. Mart
Also saled-via Long Island sound
Steamers Herman Winter and Wilkesbarre Borton.
THE MOVEMENTS OF STEAMERS,
~ FOREIGN PORTS
SOUTHAMPTON. Oct 9-Sset. Fulda (Ger). from
Bremen for New.YOrkf
HAMBURG oct Arrived. steamer Rhaetia Ger. voso.
sang, from New.York.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
STATEN ISLAND.

John Fitzgerald, boatman, and Anna, swed sh
sea while attempting to 20 to the island IN small
boat on Monday were picked up of the lghtship by
the pilot boat win am II. Staibuck and landed at
Hoffman Island.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
Announcements
VINO WILL WIN THE RACE

In the approaching election for Mayor Of N Y, is
question great interest politicians, but the people
want the best remedy for coughs. colds. hoarseness
BENSONS PLASTER IS in great demand. Careful
BUYERS VIII ask for BFNSONS. the best plaster. and
refuse all others
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
BROOKLYN.

came his surety to the amount OF $1,000 shupc is
accused of passing a worthless check
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
CAMPAIGN DOCUMENTS
the TRIBUNE.


One copy OF each of The Tribunes campaign
documents including the Mills bill and TsTiR
Of 1853 compared Will be sent, postage paid, 70
any address for 80 cents.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10
MARINE INTELLIGENCE.
MINIATURE ALMANAC.

MINIATURE ALMANAC.
TO-DAY.
On. r,s, so2I sets s24 Moon sets e3I Moons sgs
WATER.
AM-Sandy Hook 1867 Gov Isrt ll26 Hell GAIA 0oB
PM-sandy HOOK 1l:l5 Gov 1srL ..-.- Hell datc' ilo
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-10-10

FOREIGN PORTS
SOUTHAMPTON Oct 9Ssiiec steamer Fulda (Ger). from
Bremen for New.YOrkl
HAMBURG oct Arrived. steamer Rhactia Ger. vosol.
sang, from NewYork.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1888-08-17

A cold is a departure from health
lind should really be attended to al
once. Do not let it cure itself Get
rid of it at once. Do not feed it, though,
but starve it. One cold after another
nearly always ends in thickening of the
mucous membrane of the bronchial
tubes, and before you are aware you
become the victim of winter cough.
The morning tub (cold | mean is a
very sure preventative Of colds. Never
overclothe or overhead yourself The
neck should be kept cool Keep away
from fires indoors if you are subject to
colds. Cough, if not the result of sim
pie laryngeal or bronchial catarrh. may
mean a very serious departure from
health; and tlfs~sooifcn one-srvs a Jlvv to-
in such case the better Do not be,
afraid to consult him. Remember it Is
only those that delay who suffer in tile
end
Getting thin is another serious de-
parture from health. One generally
does lose weight in the winter and re-
gain it in summer, but a slow and
steady decrease in weight calls aloud
for medical interference. Want of sleep
and restless nights are things which
cannot be overlooked The cause must
be found and removed. The trouble
may certainly arise from overwork and
worry combined, but i'll most cases the
stomach and digestive systems are the
roots of the evil. Nervous people worry
most, but they also work most. Well,
the question one is inclined to ask him
self when he feels something wrong
with himself is, cam / oyerworking
MYSELF" | would answer thus: IF
you really enjoy working it cannot in
jure you very much; but, on the other
hand, if it is force-work, and You find
little pleasure in it, then il will tell on
your constitution But many people
cannot afford to rest. Well, but won
ders can be done by taking exercise,
by breathing only fresh air night and
day, indoors and out, and by careful
regulation of the diet. In conclusion.
let me entreat of you, as you value
your happiness, not to neglect first de-
partures from health. The story of the
reservoir has really moral for every
one of us.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1888-08-17

When hens are shedding feathers they often
stop laying and grow fat. Most people consider
fat sign Of health. The fattcning Of moult-
ing hens, however, as with some people, pro-
duce' debility rather than health. Many o.
the worst cases of roup are contracted. while
the hens are mounting.
Ihcfo u Of m1ulting hens, II largely vege-
tablets fat-forming,and not equired for grow
ing feathers. Therefore corn-fed hens get very
tat They need more nitrogen and phosphate
elements their food when moulting,which II
not supplied they stop laying because the
growing feathers have used all. and left no nj
trogenous matter to form eggs. At this season,
killing old hens and relying on young pullets is
great mistake, where people have few hens
and late pullets. Because, il properly fed, the
hens will have their new plumage and lay well
all winter; while the pullets unless specially
treated may not commence laying until spring,
when high prices for eggs have fallen one-half.
Agaa an old hens egg will hatch more Wig
orous chickens than a pullet's egg.
John r. Jones, Sulield, Conn.,. breeder OF
prizd winning notified Javas, says:
II ind Sheridan's Condition Powder, fed once
daily in the food, very valuable for moulting
hens l have used il two years for exhibition
birdf 1t assists in growing new feathers,
maxi Il the combs bright red, and gives rich
gloss to the plumage. 1t will also make hens
lay and the eggs hatch well. / find when the
othe5 egg-fcods are used in quantities to force
egg PRODUCTION the eggs do not hatch"
Th@ above is the experience of many people
in using Sherdan's Powder If fed to young
pullets now as directed. they will begin to lay
before six months old. Commence at once
using Sheridaus Powder. 1t helps old hens
through moulting, and gets the pullets in lay
ing tdim before the season Of high prices. Eggs
will aell very high this fall and winter. There
fore We ready to get all You can
/. s. johnson & Co, p Gus m House St.. Bos-
ton. Mass, sole makers Of Sherldan's Condition
Powder to make hens lay, will send TO any adj
dress for one two cent stamp testimonials with
full Information how to make few hens pay
well; also how TO obtain Sherdan's powder.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1888-08-17

believe that athletes such rs those
who first obtained mastery over the
problem Of ths ~. gcle could very soon
learn to float, to ascend, to descend, to
ride upward, to soar, and so forth, in a
way which wolld very decidedly indi-
cate the possibility of a much fuller
mastery over the problem Of fight later
on. Experiments which have been al
ready made prove decisively that q
mans weight can be supported by planes
or sails of very moderate extent, not
much greater, proportionally to his
body, than an eagles wing, if only there
is either rapid motion of advance or q
strong current of air against their
slightly slanted surface. But these ex-
periments have not yet been so carried
on as to show fully what can be done
when practice in the art of balancing in
the air and in making the adjust
ments necessary for changing the direc-
ton of fight has been sufficiently ex-
tended Yet Mr.. Charles Spencer,
teacher of gymnastics in England, was
able, after obtaining no greater velocity
than would be given by running down
nAAAthAA AAAAAAAtN3 W oN0hAtiAA AiAkiAb ny lttt
supporting action of wicker wings for
a distance of 100 feet Besnier, indeed,
toward the close of the last century,
devised a method of supporting the
body by pinions, which enabled him,
after n sharp run, to fly across q river
of considerable width. 1t is certain
that very little is to be gained from
the attempts which have been made to
direct balloons. The velocity which
can be given to balloon in still air is
very small. A very moderate breeze
would carry balloon one way despite
all the mechanical attempts to direct it
in another, let the balloon be shaped as
it may. Moreover, all such attempts
are dangerous, for the wind has
a great hold on the necessarily
large surface of balloon, and
going against the wind would subject
the balloon to destructive influences.
Whenever man attacks the problem Of
flight, seeking real advantage from its
mastery, he will aim at much more than
such mere floating power as the balloon
gives; at more, even, than the rapid
floating motion. with power Of guidance.
"AAiSh may bc Obtdlutu DY Iue expert
ments suggested above There must
also be a power of energetic propulsion
while still in the air. This might be
obtained by suitable adjustment levers
to be worked by a man in actual flight.
But while | believe flight to be posi-
BILE for man in this way, / consider the
only kind of flight which is likely to be
really useful to men to be that Of flying
machines, propelled, balanced, and di-
rected by some one or other of the nat
ural forces man has brought under
control. That man who has learned to
traverse the land more swiftly by me.
chanical means than it's most actual
denizens, and TO make the wide seas his
highways by similar devices, should be
unable to travel in the air, which by
natural selection alone has become the
home of creatures descended from rep
lillian forms, is to me unthinkable.-
Richard 4. Proctor, IN Philadelphia
| Press,
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1888-08-17

Tos'ei a ID proved by over twenty ye rs
use in all pa is of the wor I'd, ALLcocK's PoR-
Gus PLAsrERs lave the Endorsement of tn
highes medical and chemical au hoii es,and
millions of grateful pat ents VIII have been
cured of distressing ailments voluntarily tes-
tify to their mer IS.
ALLcocK's Porous PLAsTERS are purely
vege abe They are mild u effective sure
and quick in their act on, and absolutely
harmless.
Beware of imitatons,an do not be dece. we'd
by misi epre sentation.
Ask for ALLcoCK's and let no explanqt on
or solicitation induce you to ac ept sub
s'itnte.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1888-08-17

A broad land is this in which we live dotted
80 Tricky W tn thrift cities, towns and vii
lagos! Amid them all. with ever increasing
popularity and helpfulness, is DIR. Pierce's
Golden Medical Discovery giving hope and
cheer where there is disease and despair.
Wherever there is humanity there is su fer
ing; wherever there is suffering there is the
best field for this greatest American Remedy.
TO it, if employed in the ,riy ages of the
d sease; Chronic Nasal Ca arrh Yields to it,;
Kidney and Liver die tses yield TO it, If you
want the best known remedy for all diseases
Of the blood, ask for DIR. Pierce's Golden Med
Ical Discovery, and take no other.
Maryland independent. [volume] (Port Tobacco, Md.) 1874-current, 1888-08-17
Is housewife shooting aies blacksmith OF
q shoemaker
The Longest worlinlhe Dlcllonnrr

Is incompetent to communicate the inexpress-
ible satisfaction and incomprehensible co Sc
quences resulting from judicious admins
tratiOn of DR.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription, a
preparation designed especially for the speedy
relief and permanent cure OF all Fe ale
Weaknesses, Nervousness, and diseases pecu-
liar to the fem le sex. The only remedy for
woman's peculiar ills sold by druggists under
positive guarantee to give satisfaction. see
guarantee on wrapper OF tile. his guaran-
tee has been faithfully carried out for many
years by the proprietOrs.