davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
Soaring of Birds.

The sight of hawks mounting upward
by wheeling fight in circles must be a
familiar one to all who have lived in the
country. The eagle, the vulture, and
other birds of prey have the habit Of
keeping aloft by the same mode of
flight. The course described in ascend
ing is spiral, and it is made with no
apparent effort. The wings and tail Of
the bird are kept spread out to their full
extent, that is all. There is no tapping
nor futtering, and yet the bird rises
rapidly, aside from the speed with which
It makes each successive round. There
is much mystery about this fight. Natural
lists, like Mr.. Belt, suggest that the bird
uses the center of gravity as a fulcrum,
and takes advantage of the wind by set
ting its wings and tail something like
the sails of boat when tacking.
The difficulty with this explanation is
that the birds are seen taking their fight
In this manner on perfectly still days. To
say that there are currents of air moving
up aloft, where the birds arc, is nothing
but assumption, when all the evidence
we have that such is the case is the fight
Of the birds.
Again, if we refer this scaling motion
TO the action of the wind, there is still a
difficulty in understanding how it hap
pens that one bird so much excels an
othcr in.speed, or that the same bird in
rreases or slackens its speed SO easily as
IL does. We may say that this is due to
a difference in the extent of wings, and
In the skill with which they are set.
Even then it is inconceivable, upon this
theory, how the swallow, for instance,
sttains the speed it does in scaling; and
this, too, when we know there is little
force of wind.
Persons who have observed the alba
tross, the Cape pigeon and the stormy
petrol say that these birds are unable to
lly at all in calm weather, except by flap
ping their large wings. In high winds
they keep themselves up with no other
apparent action than that Of changing
the position of the wings. In this case,
The great activity of these birds in stormy
weather does not involve corresponding
weariness. The winds toss them, and
fondle them, and rock them to rest, If
not TO sleep. Naturalists have relied
upon the uniformity Of nature in reason
ing from the habits Of these sea.fowl to
those Of our Iand-birds. Such reasoning
Is usually safe. but there are difficulties
here, as has been shown above.
One object which the hawk aud hi'
kindred may have in soaring is the get
ting into a more agreeable temperature.
It sometimes seems that the hotter the
day, the higher they soar. 1t Is possibly
their way Of going 10 the mountains. II
NAV be that the spiral course Is taken 70
enable the bird TO scan wider neld tnan
il could in any other way. II this sup
position has any foundation, then tho sizt
n the circles described depends upon tn.
,1tont Of vision, and not upon the WIND
~ the powers Of flight. TheFo . need
/ 81 careful observation on some OF iheli
poInis. - YoBtht poNpanioH.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
Nest. Building Fishes.

Among the nest building fishes which
inhabit German waters, the most inter-
esting is the tiny ''stickleback," whose
life-history has been carefully studied.
The home of this little animal is some
times found in bitches, hanging among
branches and twigs of plants; the nest is
obout the size of the average hand, and
in structure and material bears marked
resemblance to the round nest of the tit
mouse. It is peculiar and remarkable
fact that among the sticklebacks the
Matching is done by the male and not by
the female fish. The building of the nest
task to which the male also attends, is
an interesting event. For many days in
succession the little animal, whose
energy and perseverance are truly worthy
of admiration, collects its materials,
which consists of loose stalks, plant
shreds, root-fibers, and grass. These it
assorts carefully, discarding all material
that proves too light. 1t often drags
along pieces exceeding its body IN
length, and sometimes with great exer-
ton strips growing plants. All this
material is worked up into tangled
mass, and layers of sand are scattered in
between. The nest is rendered firm by
glue-like juice, which the little mason
excretes after the completion of each
layer, gliding slowly over the structure;
this causes the separate partsof the nest
to adhere closely together. The whole,
when completed, has the appearance Of
q sand- hill, and is detected with much
difficulty.
While at work the fish rarely partakes
of any food: it seems that during this
blissful period Of its existence it finds
no pleasure in such everyday events; but
with intense animosity it drives back
any Jealous rivals, larv@, salamanders,
or water bugs, which cross its path,
sometimes with evil sometimes with
harmless intentions. After the trouble
some Matching time is over, the anxious
papa still continues to care for his
numerous offspring; by day and by night
he watches over them, and drives away
all creatures whose approach seems
dangerous. This unremitting watch
fulness ceases only when his young are
able to raise their weapons Of defense
and have become somewhat acquainted
with their surroundings. Any inquisitive
little one venturing too far away Is
quickly sent home, and il actually happens
that those who are berry disobedient are
imprisoned in the nest. The home life
of these little animals really presents an
abundance Of interesting aud touching
traits. Popular Science Monthly.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
CAUGHT BY AN INSPECTOR.
Young Hawkins, the Newberry POstOnlce
Embezzler, Caught in New Orleans.

Young Hawkins, the Newberry PostoGlce
Embezzier, Caught in New Orleans.
John Hawkins, the assistant postmas-
ter at Newberry, s. c., who Oil March
oath embezzled $175, was captured at
New Orleans Friday night.
Before stealing the money Hawkins
drew up a money order for $10O payable
at Sanford, Fla. He did not apply for
this money, but endorsed the order and
inclosed it in letter to DIR. King Wylie
at Sanford, asking him to collect, for
ward, &c, money, less expense Of send
ing, to Pensacola.
Instead of doing this DIR. Wylie, who
had read of Hawkins crime. got the San
ford postmaster to hold the money.
Chief Inspector Simpson, of Atlanta,
having been posted by DR.. Wylie, sent
an inspector to Pensacola to watch the
express Office. The express agent got a
letter asking him to forward the 800 to
New Orleans. As Hawkins stepped up
to the express Office in New Orleans last
night to get the money he was arrested
by an inspector.
Inspector Herbert has kept track OF
Hawkins from the time he left Newberry.
Atlanta Constitution, Apri %.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
SOUTH CAROLINA.

The House of Representatives has re-
fused to increase the appropriation for
the Charleston jetties.
By fire at Union Courthouse eight
buildings were burned. The losses were
as follows: R. F. Briggs, storehouse,
So, 900; r. F. Gee, stock of goods,
$4,000; John Rodgers, stock, So, 800;
Harlan building, $3.50; H. NJ. Grimball,
two storehouses, 80, 500. Insurance,
$11, 900.
After year of inactivity the EdgefeId
Rifles have been reorganizcd, with E. H.
Folk as captain; r. S. Anderson, first
lieutenant; II. A. Tompkins, second lieu
tenant; w. A. Strom, third lieutenant;
orderly sergeant, ct. Julien Bland. These
are all crack military men, one of them,
the gallant first lieutenant, having seen
and experienced service in the late ''un-
pleasantness, while the others are either
graduates or have been attendants of mil
itary schools.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
TELEGRAPHIC TICKS.
NORTH CAROLINA.

Cardinal Gibbons, accompanied by the
Rev. DR.. Foley, are at Asheville to at
tend the convention of gentlemen inter-
ested in the promotion of immigration to
the South. The party expects to return
on Friday next.
Cross and White, the defaulting preSi-
dent and cashier of the State National
Bank, Of Raleigh, gave bond and were
released from Jail few nights ago The
bond was $4,000 each. Que Of Whites
bondsmen is D. II. Graves, in whose
name one of the forgeries for which
Cross and White are to be tried was com
mitted.
News has been received at Raleigh Of
a heavy and disastrous hail storm in
parts Of Iredell county. A heavy mass
of clouds hung very low, and literally
porued masses of hail upon the earth.
The average depth of the hail is reported
to have been foot. Most persons be-
lieve the damage to the wheat crop will
be very great.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
GOSSIP FROM UNCLE SANS CAP
IToL
What our Busy Law Makers are Doing.
OonGressIOnaI and Other News.


The Senate has confirmed the nomina-
tions of Brigadier General George Crook
to be major general; Colonel j. r..
Brooke to be brigadier general; Lieu
tenant Colonel G. B. Comstcck to be
colonel of engineers Commander w. T.
Schley to be captain, and w. g. 1saacs,
of Alabama, to be chaplain in the navy,
and Thomas T. Tunstall, of Alabama,
consul at San Salvador.
Acting Secretary Thompson has trans
mitted to the Senate, in compliance with
the resolution of that body, list of
national banks which are depositors of
public moneys, with the amount held by
each on April 7th, to the credit of the
Treasurer. In the letter of transmittal
he informs the Senate that no interest is
paid by the national banks on public
funds so deposited, and that the place OF
deposit is discretionary with the secre-
tary. The amounts vary from $40, 900
to more than $1,000, 900, and aggregate
more than $50, 900, 900.
The letting of the star route mail con-
tracts has been completed. Among the
more prominent in the South were the
following: From Elizabeth City to
Fairfield, in North Carolina, steamboat
service twice week each way, for four
years; contractor, Frank N. Hussey
compensation, $3, From Chatta-
hoochee to Apalachicola, Fla, steamboat
service three times week each way for
four years; contractor, Peter Burke; COM
pensation, So, 149 per annum. There
were l., 1902 contracts in all.
Senator Brown has introduced bill
intended as an amendment to the inter-
state commerce law. It provides that
amp shipper who shall misrepresent the
character, weight or value of his ship
ment, with view of securing lower
rates than are charged to other shippers
of like property shall be guilty of mis-
demeanor and shall be punished as pre-
scribed by the interstate commerce act.
Any railroad company or common car
rier which shall receive shipments know
ing them to be misrepresented as above
referred to shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor and shall be punished accord
ingly.
Reports from the Northern States indi-
cate that the week has been unusually
cold and that farm work has been greatly
retarded. Reports from the Southern
States show that the weather during the
week has affected all crops favorably.
Cotton planting is progressing rapidly,
and generally throughout the cotton
States the week is reported as the most
favorable of the season. Light frosts
occurred in North Carolina on the Goth,
which may prove injurious to fruit and
crops on low grounds. From the States
south of the Missouri River, including
Kansas, Nebraska and Southern Mis-
souri,, the weather has been generally
favorable and crops are well advanced.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
FARMS ANDFARMERS.
Short Talks with the Men Who Guide
the Plow.
or General Interest toFarmer..


Planting Cotton.
There is danger, before the planting
of cotton is finished, that the ground
may get too dry to bring the seed up.
This may be circumvented, to somo ex-
tent, by narrowing after rain before
planting time. One who has never tried
it will be surprised to see how much
longer land thus treated will remain
moist and soft than that which has been
allowed to have crust formed on it.
Cotton land should be narrowed repeat
edlo from the breaking to the planting.
A double team, with three section
Thomas harrow, will cover six feet at a
go, and go over twenty or thirty acres a
day. It is comparatively a light job,
therefore to harrow land.
The surest plan of getting a stand of
cotton is to cover with two burrows
double foot plow) sufficiently deep to
allow the knocking off when the plants
are just ready to come up. And this is
most excellent plan. It has the ap-
pearance of increased labor, but it is
only apparent, because the knocking off
is equivalent to a working. 1t often
kills the first crop of grass and allows
the plants to come up on clean, fresh
surface. When cotton planters are used,
they do not usually cover sufficiently
deep TO allow knocking off, although
they might be arranged to do it. Most
of them, however, have wheel in front
that firms the soil upon which the seed
fall. This is decided advantage, as
moisture rises to the seed much better
through compact earth than it does
through that which is very loose. With
a wheel in front and another behind TO
press the seed into the soil, cotton might
be planted and covered very shallow aud
yet come up well in quite dry weather.
Unless it is to be knocked off, the seed
should not be covered deep. Because
they will come up sometimes when COW
cred quite deep is not proof that it is
best to cover deep. To get strong,
healthy plant the seed should not be
covered over two inches deep.
1t is well to put little manure with
the seed when planted. 1t imparts great
vigor to the young plants and makes
them grow off rapidly. When genuine
Peruvian guano was on the market, we
found it admirably adapted for this pur-
pose. Any highly ammoniated guano
will answer, however. Fifty pounds to
the acre will be sufficient. The seed
may be either rolled in the guano, OF
they may he dampened and the guano
mixed with them. atlanta Constitution.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28


Professor Rely, of the Agricultural
Department, gave some interesting testi-
mony before Senate Committeeat at Wash
ington recently concerning food adulter-
alton. He claimed that there was very
little pure food sold now, so common
has become the practice of adulterating
it. As a rule, people look upon this mat
ter complaccntly regarding these adul-
terations as harmless. But there are
sometimes rude awakenings. 1t was
shown recently in Philadelphia that
numbers of people have been poisoned
BY bakers who used chrome yellow,
while the i'll effects of adulterated and
other such articles are known by all.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
ALovE STORY.
We leave the wintry woods and stand
Beside the old gray wall:


We leave the wintry woods and stand
Beside the old gray wall;
"Good-by," !" he says, and clasps my hand
And leaves me-this is ALL
To him walk meath cloudy skies
The careless mirth Of friends;
Tome, glimpse Of paradise
That all too surely ends
Why need l, standing In my room,
Recall his parting wordsi
Why dream Of flowers and summer bloom
And minstrelsy Of birdsi
know that not a thought OF me
Shall I'LL his heart tonight,
Yet, as the moonbeams on the sec,
Der me he casts light
His are the sunny ways Of life,
The blossom and the vine;
The thorn, the struggle and the strife.
The aching heart are mine;
In his happy grace and ease.
A welcome freshness dwells,
That bids me dream Of highland hressa
Across the heather bells
I build my castle but on sand,
know 1t soon will fan;
Agay good-by, a clasping hand,
A smile-and this is all.
A winter sunbeam faint and pale
That bends the snow to kiss;
A winter blossom, small aud frail-
My hope is only thisi
-Nssv Orleans Rcaywna
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28

The Chinese ale not our antipodes.
Indeed, declares the Christian Adpocate,
we have none. An antipode is one who
lives on the opposite side of the globe,
and whose feet are, of course, directly
opposite to the feet of those who live on
this side, but directly opposite our
country is a wild waste of waters. The
Chinese, who dwell on the other side Of
the globe. but in the same latitude as
we, are our periecians. Those who live
on the same meridian, but in the southern
hemisphere, are our anticthones. Oul
antipodes mustOppose us both in latitude
and longitude.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28

A Portland (Oregon) correspondent
writes to the San Francisco Chronicle;
"a number Of German citizens have sub
scribed fund Of $1,000 TO purchase
singing birds in Germany to be turned
loose in this city and vicinity. Arrange
ments have been made with party in
Germany TO furnish nightingales, sky
iarks, bullfnches. chaflinches, gold
fnches, thrushcs, linnets, starIings and
other birds 10 the number Of 700. They
will arrive here next spring in time TO
mes, and rear young, and It is considered
certain that they will then return here
from their winter migration in the South.
An act for the protection Of these birds
will be passed BY the next Legislature.
eome Of the subscribers TO the fund
wished to import few storkA, but this
was found impracticable, As these birds
are scarce and cost $50 or moro per pair,
and would be difficult 10 transport and
probably hard to prOtsct % sQelimstize.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
NORTH. EAST AND WEST

The New York banks now hold $14,-
246, 300 in reserve in excess of legal re-
quirements.
A cotton factory is to be erected at
Danville, Va, with a capacity of $4,000
yards of cloth per day.
There was wreck on the Louisville
and Nashville Railway at Caleria, and
two brakemen were killed.
N. P. B. Wells, treasurer of the
Seneca Falls, N. Y, Savings Bank, has
been lodged in Jail for defalcation esti-
mated at So. 900 to $12, 1000.
P. Throckmorton and John Chandler,
of Philadelphia bucketshop concern,
have abscondcd, leaving $4,000 debts
behind them.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
Amovement has peen started to present

movement has been started to present
10 the city Of Paris statue of Washing
ton in return for that of Lafayette given
by France to New York in 1876. The
intention is TO have it finished and sent
TO Paris with proper ceremonies on April
80, 1889, one hundred years after Wash
ington took the oath Of Office as first
President Of the United States. The cost
Of the statue and of sending it to France
will not be more than 500, 900. An organ
iEation Of well-known ladies in various
cities has charge Of the project. Mr.. E.
Francis Riggs, Of Riggs & Co., bankers
in Washington, will act as Treasurer and
vii; receive any subscriptions to the
fund.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
Charlotte Messenger
is PUBLISHED
Every Saturday,
CHARLOTTE, N. c.
In the Interests of the colored People
CHARLOTTE, N. c.

In the Interests of the colored People
of the Country.
Able and well-known writers will contrib
ute to its columns from different parts of the
country, aud it will contain the:latest Gen
eral News of the day.
The MESSENGER is first-class newspaper
and viii not allow personal abuse in its COL
umns I,.is not sectarian or partisan, but
MISUNDERSTANDING fairly by all 1t re-
serves the right to criticise the shortcomings
Of all public officials -commending the
worthy, and recommending for election such
meu as in its opinion are best suited to serve
the interests Of the people.
Ii is intended TO supply the long felt need
OF newspaper to advocate the rights and
defend the interests Of the Negro American,
especially in the Piedmont section of the
Carolinas.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
Authentic Information.

Landlady Ito attic floor, back, news
paper humorist)-"Will you have an
other piece of liver, Mr. Bnrri'
Mr.. Burr-'No more. thanks"
Landlady-''Mr. Burr. see much In
the newspapers about thestnuts. Please
tell me what chestnut Isl"
Mr.. Burr-"A chestnut, Mrs. Hem
bricks, ia anything that has been 10.
peated 80 often that It becomes aged
and stale -er, liver for instance. ."-Mtu
Ycff Sun.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28

Hostess Wont't you play US some
thing, Mr.. epinks ?
Musical Amateur (who thinks 9 good
deal Of himself. in spite Of his modesty)
%, don't ask me. You're all such first
rate performers here, and you play such
good music, too.
Hostess We'll, but we like o little
variety, you knowl--HaPer's RsetlE
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28

Morality is the harmony bstwesn act
aud oIrcumltanca. u u the melody Of
conduct.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28

A Providence CR. /. } man has invented
. fog horn that can be beard leyen
milel.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
Address,

W. c. SMITH Charlotte n o
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-04-28
SUBSCRIPTIONS:

tAl,cays in Advance.)
The Hot Springs star. (Hot Spings [Hot Springs], Dakota [Dakota Territory, i.e. S.D.]) 1886-189?, 1888-10-05
THE LEGIsLATIvE CONVENTION
Ring Ruled. tho "Cut and Dried,
Scheme was Carried Out.

The convention at Sturgis was very
unsatisfactory one. 1t was unsatisfac.
terry because it was not republican. 1t
was not representative Of the party nor
mindful of its interests. Ii was an un-
holy alliance of the worst elements of
the party-the spoils men-for plundcr.
Good and true men were slaughtered
and d:sreputable and incompetent
chulnps were put up. If Ifseducers-be.
trayers of wolnen-and nOtoriously in
competent men are able to secure nomi-
nations in the republican party, then
that party's mission is ended; it has
no further claim upon the suffrages Of
the people. 1t is the duty of Fall River
and the better class of people in Law
renee, Pennington, Custer and Butte
Counties to unite ard squelch the ras-
Gals who have cheated the republican
party.
DR.. Stewart has the supreme satis-
faction of knowing that his own county
stood solid for him from first to last,
while the Custer man who was nomi-
mated, had his own. his brothers and
an imported proxy while the only rep
resentatlve Of the people of Custer
County voted for DIR. Stewart.
rhg STAR will support one of the
nominees, MIR. Washabaugh. because
he was not a party to the deal. He
was not the :ascals' choice hut they did
not dare to leave him off tho ticket
and they recognized the fact that their
ticket must have at least one respecta-
BILE man.
AS is very we'll known, the deal is 20
get a Legislative delegation that will
attempt to remove the U. S. Court from
Deadwood to Rapid City. to swap the
Soldiers Home at Hot Springs for a Luz
matte Asylum at Sturgis and to saddle
a big dept on Fall River County which
she ought never to pay.
The handsome father of thirteen
children opposed DIR. Stewart because
he had personal grudse against him.
Pennington County opposed him be-
cause. he would not vote to move the
o. S. Court to Rapid City.
Wolz.huth was slaughtered because
he would not give one of the gang a
contract at an advance of several hun
dred dollars above the figure other par
ties We're willing to do the work for on
a public building at Speartish.
There is one pleasant reflection about
the matter. and that is, no body las to
vote the ticket nominated. Republic
can voters who have any regard for
themselves or respect for the party will
this year carry a pencil to the polls
ana use it freely. With the exception of
Washabaugh, we believe the ticket
nominated at Sturgis will be scratched
ont of existence so far as this county is
concerned.
If Judge Dudley should be candi-
date. for the legislature, THE SrAr will
gladly support him.