davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
ENGRAVING PROCESSES,

How Plates Are Made by Means of phu-
togravure and Typography.
The photogravure process is tho
process of engraving by photography.
The art, which can be performed by
several different methods, is also
known by the names of photo-en-
craving, photo-zincography and proc.'
ess engraving. In ordinary zincog-
raphy the picture is laid by the help
OF transfer paper on a zinc plate, tho
parts to be protected are then covered
with a varnish that will resist acid,
and the whole is then dipped in a bath
of dilute nitrous acid. This is re-
peated until the biting in is sufficient,
when the plate is dried and the ink
taken off with benzine. In another
process, brass plates are used which
are covered with white wax, the de-
sign being drawn with an etching
point upon the wax. The plate is
then submitted to a powerful acid
which acts upon the parts of the metal
exposed by the lines, but does not
affect the wax. In photo-zincog-
raphy the drawing is photographed
to the right size, and IN
ordinary negative on glass is taken
This is then laid on a sensitized Zinc
plate on which the picture is printed
by the action of light, The zinc is
coated with bitumen, and after tho
picture is printed so much of the btu
men as has not become insoluble by
the action of light is removed by a
wash of turpentine. In another proc
ess, the Photographic etching process,
the negative is printed on sensitized
carbon paper, which is then laid down
on a polished zinc plate, and being
wet, all the carbon paper that does not
hold the lines of the drawing is readily
removed. The plate is then bitten in
an acid bath. In what is called the
Ives process, a negative is applied to a
gelatine plate sensitized with bi-chro-
matte of potash. This plate is then
put into water, and all the parts. not
touched by the negative will swell. a
cast is then taken of this in plaster Of
paris, which serves to form base for
electrotypes. The lines of engraving
can also be reproduced by photog-
raphy, and recent process produces
successfully intaglio plates. Photo
engraving has enormously cheapened
the production of pictures, but it does
not give plates that print with the
clearness and distinctness Of those
taken from wood engravings. The
word photo-gravure Is pronounced
with the accent on the third syllable
Of the compound word. in which the
vowel has the short a sound-photo-
grav'ure. * CHICAGO Inter- Ocean.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
MINNESOTA STATE NEWS
SOME OF THE LOST
-Four from Minneapolis and Five from
Paul Among the Drowned.

\ -Four from Minneapolis and Five from st..
Paul Among the Drowned.
Among the passengers on the steamer
Geiser, which was recently sunk In the
Atlantic by the steamer Thingvalla, were
five who, bought their tickets in Minne-
apolis and seven who secured transporta-
ton, in ST. Paul. OF these four OF the
; Minneapolis list and five of tho St Paul
list were drowned. The dead from Mime
apolis are: L. Clausen, q Dane about thirty
years Of age; J. G. Johnson, ofwhom little
is, known save that he was quite an old
man; ]. :Gustavsen and child, of Grants
, burg, Wis. Ont Of seven people from St.
Paul who were ON the Geiser i've were
lost Those who were drowned are: H.
Randy, Hilda Bergstrom, Karen Hanson,
Gina, Kjeldaos, William Ljungstrom. II.
g. Peterson and Peter Johnson were
saved. The former is q young man who
only spent a few months in this country.
The three girls who were lost were un-
married sewing girls. All were going
home to the old country. A. Wilse, the
Minneapolis man who was saved, has .
mother and q sister living in that city He
started for his old home in Norway to
spend the summer
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
DANGEROUS LABOR.
Working Beneath River in Pneumatic
CaissOn.

Working Beneath River in a Pneumatic
Caisson.
The pressure of air in caissons at 10
feet below the surface of the water
would be fifty pounds to the square
inch. Its effect upon the men entering
and working in the caisson has been
carefully noted in various works, and
these effects are sometimes very seri-
Gus; the frequency of respiration is in
creased, the action of the heart be-
comes excited, and many persons be-
come affected by what is known as the
''caisson disease which is accom-
panied by extreme pain and in many
cases results in more or less complete
paralysis. The execution of
work within deep pneumatic caisson
is worth moments consideration.
just above the surface of the water is
a busy force engaged in laying the
solid blocks of masonry which are to
support the structure. Great derricks
lift the stones and lay them in their
proper position. Powerful pumps are
forcing air, regularly and at uniform
pressure, through tubes to the cham
Der below. Occasionally stream of
sand and water issues with such
velocity from the discharge pipe
that, in the night, the friction
of the particles causes it to look like a
stream of living fire. Far below is an
other busy force. Under the great
pressure and abnormal supply OF
oxygen they work with an energy
which makes it impossible to remain
there more than q few hours. The
water from without is only kept from
entering by the steady action of the
pumps far above and beyond their
control. An irregular settlement
might overturn the structure. Should
the descent of the caisson be arrested
by any solid under its edge, immediate
and judicious action must be taken.
If the obstruction be a log, it must be
cut off outside the edge and pulled
into the chamber. Boulders must be
undermined and often must be broken
up by blasting. The excavation must
be systematic and regular. A constant
danger menaces the lives of these
workers, and the wonderful success.
with which they have accomplished
what they have undertaken is entitled
to notice and admiration.-Iute,Ior.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
OVER A MILLION.
5 The Trustees of Hospitals VIII Ask tho
Legislature for That Amount.

5 The Trustees of Hospitals VIII Ask tho
Legislature for That Amount.
AT the meeting of the trustees of the
Minnesota hospitals for the insane, held
. in Rochester recently, the needs of the
hospitals at Rochester, St. Peter and
Fergus Falls were considered. 1t was
estimated that one and a quarter million
dollars would be necessary for current ex-
penses and proposed additional buildings
during the next two years. That sum will
be asked for at the next session of the
Legislature. 1t was decided to renew the
recommendation for repairing the central
portion of the hospital in Rochester by a
tre-proof structure. Eight thousand dol
lars will be asked for to purchase the Gill
bert Smith farm adjoining the hospital.
I The yearly increase in the number of pa
tients IS about ten per cent. The building
in course of construction at Fergus Falls
: will accommodate about two hundred pa
tients, and it will be ready for occupancy
by September, 1885,
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
HOW STORMS ARE MADE.

Effects Of the SUMS Heat on tho Entire
Surface of Our Earth.
Our earth only receives q small frac-
tional part of the SUMS heat; but, what
over that may be in the year, more or
less than the average, the entire sur
lace OF our earth must feel and be sub
ject to the effects. And one thing is
certain-namely, that year or series
OF years, Of excessive sun-heat will
inevitably be years and seasons of ex-
cessive atmospheric disturbances, be-
cause increase of heat will produce ex-
cess OF evaporation, excess of electric
action, and, necessarily, excessive pre-
cipitation; and, during a prevalence of
this excess of sun-heat. there must be
over-limited areas violent storms both
summer and winter.
When very large areas of the atmos-
phere have been, by excess of heat,
brought into an unequal state, as large
areas OF lower stratum of highly-heat-
ed air and vapor, which is also intense
ly electric, the conditions to produce
sandspouts, water-spouts and torna-
does are fully ripe. The upper and
colder layer of the atmosphere can not
cool the lower highly-heated and
vapor-ladened stratum so evenly and
quickly as to prevent vents in the form
of tunnels forming from the lower
stratum to the higher stratum, and
causing a rupture which takes place
upward in pipe form, just as water
In a tank Or basin, having bottom
moans for discharge by pipe, flows
out with a whirling motion-in our
northern hemisphere always in the
direction of the hands of clock-and
so the heated, highly electric and
excessively vapor-laden atmosphere
breaks into the cold atmosphere above
when at the level of the '.dew point"
invisible vapor becomes visible, part
ing with it's latent heat, which so
rarifies the air as to force some of the
condensed atmosphere in visible cloud,
mounting thousands of feet above the
condensed dew point and into a region
above the highest peaks of the highest
.1oLntaln.
To feed this pipe, or, as in some
cases, pipes, the lower stratum flows
in from all sides to rotate and ascend
with the intense velocity of steam
power, sufficient to produce all the
disastrous effects of the widest tor
nado, there being almost vacuum at
the ground or water line, as the phe-
nomenon may be on the land or over
the sea. On the land trees are twisted
and uprooted, houses are unroofed,
solids of various kinds are lifted from
the earth, and human beings have
been blown away like dead leaves.
There are, also, records of railway
wagons having been blown off the
rails. In deserts entire caravans have
been buried beneath a mountain of
blown sand-camels, horses and men;
while in Egypt there are ruins of
cities, massive temples and monu-
raents deep buried in the adjoining
desert sand. At sea many a good ship
caught by a tornado has been over
whelmed and sent to the bottom whole.
Pail Malt Gazette.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
The Rejected Treaty.

LONDON, Aug. 23.-The Pail Mall Gazette,
referring to the rejection of the fisheries
treaty, says that it is thankful that the
Chamberlain mission has not made the
difficulty more serious than it was before.
Senator Morgan's speech, it says, was
buncOme. The. rejection Of the treaty
simply relegates the whole question to an
amicable settlement after the Presidential
election. The paper continues: ''Neither
Englishmen or Americans are lunatics,
anl-z the world will not be plunged into q
bath Of blood because opinions differ over
Q kettle OF 4sh. The matter will be egaiz
negotiated after the election, and IN the
meantime we can cultivate India rubber.
like forboarance and cool temper.n
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
The News Briefly ChronicIed.


The large dome on the Carleton College
observatory is now completed. It is thirty
feet in diameter, is made of iron and steel,
and weighs twenty. three thousand pounds.
+; An important business change occurred
at st. Peter recently in the purchase Of the
drug store Of w. J. Rademacher & Co. by
Mark Daniels, of Hayward, Wis.
John Cromwell, prominent citizen of
Olmsted County, was gored in the stomach
and bowels by a bull recently, and his in
.juries were OF very serious character
: It is reported that the army worm has
cleaned out many hundreds of acres Of
meadows along the Northern Pacific be-
Il tween Duluth and Brainerd.
A team Of bronchos belonging to Christ
& Anderson, in Polk County, ran away re-
Gently and fell into q ditch, where they
kicked each other to death n trying to get
1 out. 1@Fb.s. ~ ~ 4 i
John Barnes, manager of the st. Paul
i Base Ba Club received notification few
/, days ago that by the death Of his uncle,
John Stone Morrison, he had fallen heir to
9 mansion and estate In County Tyrone,
Ireland, and R20, 900 in three per cent con-
soils. 50
Chickens are reported as quite numerous
this year, and parties have started out on
..ehie1o. -~----- .=-.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
A DEATH-DEALlNG GALE.

Nine Persons Killed in the Late Cyclone
In Maryland-Great Damage In PENN
Monongahela Rivers.
SAN FRANCISCO, Aug 23-The steamer
City of Chester was run into and sunk in
San Francisco bay yesterday by the Occi-
dental and Oriental steamer Oceanic, and
as far as can now be ascertained thirteen
people went down with here. The City of
Chester left for her regular trip to Eureka
at O'Clock with an unusually large
number of passengers. When with
in two miles of the heads she en-
countered the thick fog so peculiar to that
locality, and slowed down and began blow
ing her whistle. When off Port Point the
whistle OF another steamer was heard, and
Captain Wallace, of the City of Chester,
gave the proper warning for the stranger
to pass on the port side. The signal was
evidently misunderstood, for the next mo-
ment the Prov of the Oceanic, which had
just arrived from Hong Kong and Yoke.
hama. emerged from the fog. The huge
steamer was so close that there was no pos
sibility for the Chester to escape and Cap
tain Wallace called to the cabin passengers,
most of whom were on deck, to prepare for
the shock. The Oceanic struck the Ches-
ter on the port gangway and her prov
crashed into the middle section of the i'll
fated craft, cutting her nearly in two and
causing her to reel under the terrible blow.
A scene of the widest confusion ensued.
The passengers crowded together, some
shrieking with fear and others praying
for help, while the officers and crew
seemed to lose their wits altogether. AT
the moment of the coils ion a number
of the City Of Chester's passengers
were passed over the Oceanic's
bow and rescued in this way, and it is said
that several of the Chester's crew left their
passengers to shift for themselves and were
the first on the Oceanic's decks. AS soon
as the large steamer could clear herself she
swung around and Immediately began to
lower her boats. The passengers ON the
her boats, Others provided themselves
with life preservers and jumped over
board, but the greater portion went
down with the doomed vessel, which be-
gan to settle Immediately after the col
lision Torrents of water rushed into her
hold, and in fvA minutes after the collision
the Chester disappeared and sunk in fifty
fathoms of water. Those of the passengers
and crew who came to the surface were
picked up by the Oceanic's boats.
1t was at first thought that the number
of drowned would foot up thirty -four,
which included twenty-on Of the twenty
three Storage passengers, but from the
latest information obtainable from the
steamship officials it is believed that only
thirteen persons were lost. This includes
ten of the seventy cabin passengers and
three of the crew. None Of the survivors
were landed until after / O'Clock, and at 9
late hour there was still much doubt as ia
the number of those lost
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
'LEPERs FROM HAWAII.

= . s &
Whe Disappearance OF tho Dread Disease
IN the Western World.
ME-. John H. Putnam, Consul of the
United States in Honolulu, recently
reported thata number Of white per-
sons afflicted with leprosy emigrato
from Hawaii ITO this country every
year. He does not attempt to give
statistics, but asserts that as soon as g
white man is convinced that he is q
vlctlm"of this disease ne leaves Hawaii
to escape a lifelong Imprisonment
upon the little island where the UNI
fortunate lepers of that kingdom are
isolated. Mr.. Putnam's statement is
too vague and general in its nature to
excite much attention unless corrob-
Grated BYE evidence obtained elsewhere.
Some time since native Hawaiian
who would had been condemned
to death for murder was told that his
sentence would be committed to i'm.
prisonment for life If he would con-
sent to incubation with leprous virus,
n'order to determine whether leprosy
Is a contagious disease. He consent
ed to the hard alternative, and, after
an interval of many months, he has
developed symptoms which, the physi-
clans say, prove that he is affected
with leprosy.
Whether leprosy is contagious or
not, it is certain that a high state of
civilization and the improved condi-
ton of the poorer people in modern
times are not conducive to it's develop
ment. In not a few of the parish
churches of England may still be seen
the slanting "leper window" through
which the poor leper of the middle
ages was permitted to view the cere-
mony of the mass, though he might
not enter the sacred edifce. Centuries
ago Europe was delivered, save in two
or three spots, from the curse of lep-
rosy, which, in the middle ages, made
its pest houses almost as numerous as
its churches. In Eastern Canada
there still exists an isolated commu-
nifty of lepers, but in our country there
are very few victims of the disease,
even among Chinese immigrants, of
whose misfortunes through this attic.
ton some sensational reports have
been written. In tho census year 1880
leprosy caused fewer deaths in this
country than any other disease, six
teen deaths being recorded, and only
one of the victims was Chinese.
In the far East, the ancient seat of
leprosy. it still numbers its hopeless
victims by hundreds of thousands, and
it is gratifying to know that the
Western world is doing much to miti-
gate the sufferings of these unhappy
people. Among these agencies is the
Roman Catholic Church, whose priests
themselves sometimes fall victims to
the disease while striving to mitigate
its horrros. English missionaries en-
tered the Punjab several years before
the British annexation, and il was
their discovery that lepers were often
buried alive in that country that led to
the suppression of the crime. friday
the asylums of the English Missicn to
Lepers are scattered over India, help-
ing to alleviate the sufferings of m.ny
of the one hundred and thirty-1vo
tn ousand poor wretches of the penin-
sula who have been seized upon by the
dread disease which in Holy Writ IS
the fvno IF sin ~ Y Sam
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
Took a Watch and Money!.

; bold burglary was committed at Fari-
bault the other night. The house of j. G.
CLARK was entered and gold watch and
about ninety dollars in money stolen. The
thief entered by back door and took from
the sleeping room of Mr.. Clark his clothes,
and after rifling them of the booty left
them in the yard. A book containing some
papers and q check for small amount was
thrown down by the side of the street.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
To Make Old Soldiers Comfortable.

The Board of Trustees of the Soldiers
Home held an adjourned meeting in St.
Paul a few evenings ago. The contract for
building the boiler house was let to the
*,Winona Boiler Company for s2,295, ard
that for the steam heating plant to Kruse
81 Baker, of Milwaukee, for 81, 4s4. The
following officers were elected to serve for
the ensuing year: President, Captain H.
II. Castle; Vice-President, r. H. Hender-
son; Secretary, o. NJ. Sawyer; Executive
Committee, Messrs. Castle, Henderson and
Hancock
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
Minneapolis Exposition Opened.

1H1HHeHpo11s 11xpoS1tf0H OpeHeu'
The Third Industrial Exposition was
opened at Minneapolis the other afternoon
in the presence of an immense throng.
After prayer and music Attorney General
Clapp made an address. Mayor Ames re-
sponded and the Exposition was declared
open. The exhibits are more complete than
ever before. almost every State being rep
resented and all the space taken. Mime
apolis takes great pride in the Exposition,
her citizens having contributed $3.50, 600 for
the building, and no efforts toward making
it success have been spared.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
dread HydropEl Obia.

Recently the little son of Joseph De-
mars, of st. Paul, was attacked by mad
dog and terribly iacerated. Adoctor was
called to attend the injured child and
worked over him for "a long time At first
-. it was thought that the baby had not been
inoculatcd with the terrible disease, aud
the parents congratulated themselves that
the affair was no worse. But in short
time the little one was taken sick and act
ed in a peculiar manner. The physician
was at once called. The little ones suffer-
ings were intense, but nothing could be
done, and he died in the most horrible
agony.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29

The authorities of Pekin have re-
Gently taken census of the Celestial
Empire. The figures returned by the
village bailiffs make the population
319 1888, 500, which, with estimates re-
lating to five provinces omitted. makes
an aggregate of about 1872, 1000, 900.
These figures are independent of
Corea, Thibet and Kashgar. AS the
population Of India exceeds $50, 000,-
coo, the Hindus and Chinese constitute
more than half the whole human race.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
-FOUR BABES At A BIRTH. :

The Wife of Polish Laborer at Duluth
Gives Birth to bankruptcies.
"A Polish woman by the name of Ce:slack,
wife of laborer ON the Ohio coal docks
at Duluth, gave birth the other morning to
bankruptcies, two boys and two girls. She
was attended by neighbours, no physician
being present. The children, while small,
. wereal we'll formed and seemingly healthy,
and: both they and the mother were doing
well. The girls weigh four and three
fourths and six and one-fourth pounds, and
the boys five and half and five pounds,
respectively Neighboring women had
taken charge of three of the babes until
the mother was able to.care for them Mrs.
Ceislack has given birth to three children
before, on one occasion to twins.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
A Big Fire ut Wadena.

A fire believed to be of incendiary origin
started at Wadena few days ago, and,
owing to the insufficient water supply,
gained great Roadway. In about an hours
time eighteen buildings were destroyed
and nine families rendered homeless. The
loss would amount to fully SIS, 900; not
over one-half covered by insurance The
absence of wind alone prevented the de-
struction of the whole town.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
lyman .. BAIRD,

7 .YAAN .. BAIRD,
ATTORNEY At LAK
Real Estate, 1neurancS and Collection Agent.
Once, front room. second door, over Hall d Vests
store, Austin, Minnesota.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29

L. F: clAusES'
ATTORNEY At LAW
Collections promptly attended to. Austin, MINI,
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
. B. CRANE.

r. B. CRANE.
ATTORNEY At LAW
Real Estate and Collection Agent. Taxes paid
tor non-residents. Once, second floor II
Dunkelmann's new block, Main street. 1877
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
BUSINESS CARDS.
CATHERINE WILCOX. M. D..

CATHERINE WILCOX. NJ. d.. :.
oRADUAzE OF HzHXKxIRY COLLEGE. o1z
" Is Goo. I'LL.
Over two years practice in hospital clinical
work. Omce and residence 1t present two
doors east Of Mansfield House, ON opposiN
ode Of street. -
AUSTIN, MINI.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29

! n aREENAAN' ;
ATTORNEY 1T LAW,
VIII practice in the courts Of record and the q,
3. courts. Once In 6chleuder's block, Main
street, Austin, MINI. dolly
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
r D. suEED1.

ATTORNEY At LAW.
Justies Of the Peace for drst ward. CITY Of Ans.
tin, and Insurance and Collection Agent once
ever G. W. Taylor's store,
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
n II. JOHNSON, II. D., G. Il.

Graduate Of neain College: Montreal. late A..
oncs over Clsmner 4 Foolss's drug store. Callo
attended day and night
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1888-08-29
n B. JOHNSON, Jr.

D B. JOHNSON il. !:
AzTORNHY1 At LAW,
Austin, MINI. Practice IN oil The courts Of the
Itate. Prompt attention given 70 collecting.
Once over Duskelmann's store, iun2o