The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-09
SCHOOLS ON THE CONTINENT.
Germany Stands Ahead-A"ssri" an"
Itaiy-Bel,;ium

Germany stands ahead Of all other ma
tons in the excellence or its primary anu
secondary schools. The well known
Realschulen, many Of which row com
prise ten classes and are co ordinate with
the gymnasia, afford an education whlch
is perhaps the best possible general prep
aration for commercial or trade pursuits.
In these schools the classical hhguages
are not taught and the time thus saved IS
devoted to modern languages and science:
In addition schools of commerce ale found
in nearly all the large towns Of Germany.
There are certain differences between the
systems Of commercial education and in
deed of education generally as adopted IN
Bavaria, Saxony and Prussia. The mer-
camille schools are well attended and they
are practically independent OF government
aid. Several Of the real schools have
commercial department, Dut besides
these there are in Germany seventeen
special schools Of commerce, the leaving
certificate CT which IS recognized as con-
ferring the right of one years military
service, nine middle schools with less
extended curriculum, and q large number
Of evening schools, which are attended by
clerks, merchants apprentices, and other
persons engaged in mercantile houses.
With the view OK meeting the require.
meats of young men who desire 20 attend
special courses OF instruction on COM
merciai subjects some OF the polytechnic
schools Of Germany have arranged courses
Of lectures, which arc intended for those
who are seeking places under the govern
ment In the customs and excise offices,
.~fr- 10 81 o.rrf - Ftflf
have received their early education at
gymnasium or realschulc and whose cir
cumstances enable them TO spend yeaI
or TWO at college before commencing bust
ues5.
In Austria-Hungary there are nine high
schools OF commerce, eleven intermediate
schools, and forty-two schools intended
principally for clerks There is nothing
that calls for special notice I'm the subjects
Of instruction in these schools The course
Of study is very similar 80 that IN the
corresponding schools OF Germany. The
most important Of the high schools IS
in Vienna and is known Is the Handles
akademe Il gives two courses Of lu-
struction the one occupying three year
and the other two years. The subjects OF
instruction are nearly the same IS those
OF the French high schools
In Italy the subject OF commercial ctu-
cation is receiving careful attention. The
system If bifurcation commences imme
dately after a child has the elementary
school Those intended for industrial pur-
suits pass on TO the technical school
Cscuola tecnical and thence 70 the techni-
cal institute. Others pass through tho
corresponding classical schools to tie uni
versity The technical Institute c)rre-
spends to some extent with the higher real
schools OF Germany, but each institute
contains three or more separate depart
ments. in which the institution Is special
lied with q view to different branches OF
industry There are sixty five technical
Institutes in Italy, in many Of which there
is q department entirely devoted to com
mercial education
Ia Belgium there are numerous middle
schools, the object Of which IS 10 prepare
youths for commercial pursuits The
fact that the children OF the middle classes
are destined, for the most part, TO earn
their livelihood in trade or commerce IS
recognized in the general scheme Of inter
mediate education adopted in Belgium,
and the course OF school studies IS ar
ranged accordingly Philip Magnus in
Contemporary Review