The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1888-02-23


tioa .nd premiums besides Th~ closing year Of
tho century Of Hamilten's Idea hnds thirteen
s'a.es crown % ,hr'y.eieht. four fniilonsof
peop.s .nercssed To sixty, and nominal national
wealth to sixty billions A manufacturing
plant not worth half million Of dollars has ex.
pnnded until its annual product 10 six Thousand
millions and the eonsuinption per year by our
own nenpie of the output of cur farms and cur
fnetofies y not isss than hve tmea the consnl
idaisd capital of lIhV From mn increasing la.
aehtrdness 20 foreign nations, which drained all
our resonrc.s. the returning tide OF the halAnca
OF trade :. nowine 10 snr'ching eurrents through
golden moaument. with hundred millions of
surplus In the national treasury and proud and
prosperous populations all around. the euimi-
mating century finds President Cleveland pro.
claiming with equal bodness, II less originality.
the new departure.
OF his Country recalls at this juncturs the De-
cnl,nr significance Of the language Of tho law
which received his fret signature as President,
and which had his heArtiest approval; "Whsreaa
III II necessary for the support OF tho govern
ment, for the discharee OF the debts OF the
United statea and the encouracement and pro-
tecuon OF manufacturers, that duties be lowed
on goods, wares and merehA disc imported"
Since that most fruitful legislation, whenever
practice, the penalty has been pauics and dis
tress.
1.-THE genius Of onr scheme Of general govern
ment and the spirit OF our people arc hostile to
direct taxation for national affairs The federal
tax-eatherer has always provoked friction aud
lawi~ssn~ss. even under the nec~ssiiies Of war.
three times the amount required by the State
for home and local wants would peril both pros
I.,o,. psrity and % Loyalty Two m hundred and aity
ury annuslly. and under the customs system CT
collection wo are unconscious Of our burdens.
u Is only the necessities OF war which justify
internal revenue taxes, and only concession TO
the moral sentiment Of the country which per-
.ts nits the continuance OF any part OF
or permanent, but in modifying them
to meet the changing conditions of the country
the principle OF ample protection for everything
which cannot be successfully produced or manu-
factvred on American soil must be maintained.
''The factory doubles the value Of the adjoin-
ing farms for the farmers. whose tariff exac-
tions are too small to be calculated. Beside the
mill grows the village, and tho resistless ener-
gies of American DEVELOPMENT buret the village
new mart the railroad Is constructed almost
with the speed OF its moving trains, and tho
quick and cheap communication between conn
safety in the prosperity of the country Pro-
tected opportunity has developed our incalcuabfo
natural resources and enabled US TO manufaature
in iron, cotton and wool well any nation in
the world. and more cheaply save only In wages.
If the duty irnportations is the bounty TO
labor which lifts 1t above the degrading aud
dangerous conditions OF Europe, and enables
our artisans to retain their selfrcspect and in
dependence. 1t is the Repuolics best invest
ment
Celebrating here to-day tho I56th annivers-
AIRY of Washington's birth, and recalling the in
fuence of his victories in war. his counsels in
convention, his acts as President Of the Re-
public, and his matchless character, tho visible
results of tho policy inaugurated by the first ex-
ercise Of his executive approval are the most
marvellous Tho purely agricultural States
which formed his confederacy have become the
foremost region Of the world in the variety the
usefulness and the volume OF it's manufactures.
and the fertility Of its inventive genius. Pay
ing it's labor so per cent. more than the rest OF
the world, 1t produces the food, the clothing and
the household effects which the laborer uses.
cheaper than the older nations; and the surplus
of wages flowing into savings banks are finally
invested in homes and in the multitude of
homesteads 10 the greatest safety OF society aud
the State"
Justice Harlan, speaking for the Supreme
Court of the United States" after 6 feeling
reference to the death Of Genera! Logan, said:
"A RECOGNITION of that tribunal on an occasion
commemorative of the character, patriotism and
service of Washington, is. in every sense. APP
established by and under the Constitution was
a subject of deep solci,ude on his part In .
letter to James Madison he expressed desire to
draw "the first characters of the Union into the
judiciary" To Edmund Randolph, the first At
torney general of tho United States, he declared
his conviction that tho arrangement of the ju-
dicial department was essential to the happiness
of country and to the stability of its political
system. In letter to the several gentlemen
whom he commissioned as Associate Justices of
the Supi eme Court of the United States, he said
that he considered the judicial system the chief
pillar upon which our national government must
rest To John jay, tho frat Chief Justice oe the
United States. he wrote that 1.-The judicial de-
partment was the keystone of our political
fabric" Indeed, the adoption Of the Constitu-
tion by the requisite number Of the original
States was manly due to the appeals he made
in its behalf. and to the universal expectation
that he would become the frat President Those
appeals were he-ded. that expectation realized,
and . nation was brought into existence with q
government endowed by the people OF the
United States with all the power necessary to
psrpetuate the Union created by the Constitu-
tlon.
when Washington declared that the judicial
system, ordained by the Constitution was
the chief pillar upon which the national govern
ment must rest, he said what all now recognize
to be true. The moat potent of all the agencies
provided to secure the objects for which the
Union formed is the national judiciary, one
Supreme Court. and such inferior courts as
Congress may from time to time establish In
those courts is vested the whole judicial power
OF the United States. That power, we all
know, is very great for. among other things, is
extends to all cases in law and equity. arising
under the Constitution, the laws of the United
States. and treaties made under their authority,
and to controversies between two or more
States. But the experience OF now nearly ono
hundred years demonstrates that it the
beginning. and still is. vital to the peace aud
safety of the Union and to the security Of rights
guaranteed by the supre mo law of the land.
that the Judicial power of the Nation should
reach every and every controversy to
which III extended by the Constitution All
have been made 10 obtain from the highest
court of the Nation Interpretation of
the Constitution that would have rendered the
government of the United States helpless as
the goverpmen Mt organized undar the Articles Of
Confederation. But let it be said, TO the honor
of that tribunal. those efforts have signay
failed It is now nearly seventy years since
Chief jnstcs Marshall, speaking for the Su-
preme Court declared that the governments OF
the Union though limited in it's powers. Is su-
preme within its sphere; that IT is the govern
ment of all, its powers delegated by all. it
represents all, and acts for ALL Upon another
occasion, when the court considered the rela-
tons established by the Constitution between
the general and State governments the same
eminent iurist said. words that should never
be forgotten: In war, we are one people. In
making peace we are people In all COM
mereial regulations, are one and the same
people. In many other respects, the American
people are one; and the government which is
alone capable Of controlling and managing their
interests in all these reepects is tho governments