The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1888-08-22

The ~itinerant vender has no such relation to
your community. He is no part of your politi-
Cal organism. He comes and goes; he is not a
tax-paysr he shares in none of the burdens OF
your people; be is a free-trader. who looks upon
your market as much bis and as open to him 40
to your own tradespeople. Your city govern
ment taxes him TO diminish the burdens borne
by your own citizens. This is protection, simple
and pure, and is the exact character OF that
which We would apply TO foreign nations seek
ing our markets. Our fathers recognized this
principle. 1t was emphasized In the second act
ever passed by the Congress of the United
States. The ringing words OF that declaration
for industrial Independence l wish might find q
Judgment IN every American heart
Whereas, 1t is necessary for the support of the gov
eminent, for the discharge of the debts OF the Nation
and for the encouragement and protection or manu-
facturers that duties be levied on imported goods,
wares and merchandise.
A more positive declaration In favor OF the
protective system it would be difficult to ind
language to express. This was the first i'm
portant legislative declaration under che federal
Constitution. The only other law that preceded
it was that of fixing the oath or ofhce OF certain
federal officials. 1t was made even before Wash
ineton was inaugurated; 1t subsequently, re.
significance that his approval was given to 1t on
adav memorable in American history, the 4th
Of July, 1888. 1t had the approval Of James
Madison, Rufus KING, Roger sherman. Trum-
ILL., . 0n0 . - ShaO& S&4AA 4oL Ak0aA
all parts OF the Union.
Additional tariff legislation was had in 1870.
Some duties were increased. The journal of the
House of Representatives discloses the fact that
of the thirty-nine votes given In favor of the
bill, twenty-one were from the Southern States,
thirteen from the middle States and five from
the New England States. OF the thirteen votes
against il. nine were from the New England
States, three from the Southern States and one
from the Middle States. 1t will thus De seen
that We are largely indebted to the South for the
inauguration and establishment of the protect
i've system in the United States. which has for
the most part governed our legislation since the
formation of the government For nearly sixty
years of our national life this principle In its
fullness has been recognized in our laws. and
whenever recognized it has been accompanied
by commercial and industrial development,
stimulating new enterprises and securing pros
perity to the masses without a parallel in the
worlds annals.
The revenue tariff periods Of our history have
been periods of greatest financial revulsions and
industrial decadence, want and poverty among
the people, private enterprises checked and pub
lie works retarded. From 1923 to 1872, under
the low tariff legislation then prevailing. bust
ness was IT q standstill. and our merchants and
traders were bankruptcd; our industries were
paraly zed, our labor remained idle and our CAPT.
tai was unemployed. Foreign products crowded
our markets, destroyed domestic competition,
and, as invariably follows, the price of COM
mojities to consumers were appreciably raised.
IL ID al INSTRUCTIVE IdCb LDaL eVery panic LQlS
country has. ever experienced has been preceded
by enormous importations. From lS46 to 1861
. similar situation was presented under the low
tariff OF that period.
Contrast this period with the period from 1860
to 1880, the former under q revenue tariff, the
latter under q protective tariff. In 1860 we had
163, 900. 600 acres Of improved land, while in 1880
We had 2s7, 900, 600. an increase of 75 per cent
In 1850 our farms were valued at So. 200, 900. 600.
In 1880 the value had leaped to $40, 1877, 000, 900,
an increase of over 300 Der cent In 1870 We
raised 173, 000, 900 bushels Of wheat; in 1880,
498, 600, 900. In 1860 we raised S3S, 900. 600
bushels of corn; in 1880, !, 7,0o0.O 600 bushels.
In 1860 we produced 5000, 600 bales of cotton;
in 1880. 1000. 600, bales, an increase of 40 per
cent In 1860 we manufactured cotton goods to
the value Of Sl15. 6Sl, ia; in 1880 the value
reached s2l1 900, 900. an increase of upwards Of
goods $6l, 900. 900; in 1880. s267. 600, 600. an in
crease of 1913 per cent. In 1850 we produced
60. 600. 900 pounds of wool; in 1880. 24O. 600, 600
pounds, an increase of nearly 300 per cent, In
1850 we mined 5000. 600 tons Of coal: in 1880.
cent. In 1860 we made 987, 900 tons of pig-iron;
in 1880. 1855, GOO tons. In 1860 we manufact-
ured 235, 900 tons OF railroad iron. and In 1880
1.208. 900 tons. In 1850 our aggregate Of national
wealth was SIC, l59, 600, 600; in 1880 it was
$40, 900, 600, 900.
From lS48 to 1860, during the low-tariff period,
there was but q single year in which we export
cd in excess of what We imported. The balance
Ol kI606 uUElDH Luc 0iN VI " ytbES
was against us. Our people were drained of
their money to pay for foreign purchases. We
sent abroad over and above our sales 1896. 2l6,-
16L This vast sum WAS drawn from the United
States, from its business, from the channels of
trade, which would have been better employed
in productive enterprises, and thus supplied our
wants for which we were compelled to 60
abroad During the last thirteen years, under
a protective tariff, there was but one year that
the balance OF trade was against us. For twelve
years We sold to our foreign customers in excess
of what We bought from them the sum OF ST.
6l2, 659, 755.
This contrast makes an interesting exhibit of
the work under the TWO systems. You need not
DO told that the government and the people are
most prosperous whose balance of trade is in
their favor. The government is like the citizen.
indeed it is but an aggregation OF citizens; and
whom the citizen buys more than he sells he is
soon conscious that his years business has not
been q success.
Our wealth increases 1915, OOO. 900 every year.
while the increase of France is $4,000, 900;
Great Broain, 1925, 600, 000, and Germany, $780,
000, 900. The total carrying capacity Of all the
vessels entered and cleared from American
ports during the year 1861 in the foreign
trade was %, 600, 900 tons. The amount of
freight transported By the railroads of the
United States was alone 4s2, 600, 600 tons during
the same period.
The sum of our industries exceeds that of any
other people, or tribe, or nationality. Mulhall.
the English statistician, places the industries of
the United States at $11 .405, 600. 900 annually,
which lie 81. 205. 600, 900 greater than those Of the
United Kingdom Of Great Britain, nearly twice
that of France or Germary nearly three times
that of Russia, and almost equal to the aggre-
gated industries of Austria, Italy, Spain, Bel
GUM. Holland. Australia, Canada, and Sweden
and Norway.
This advancement is the worlds wonder. The
nations of the earth cannot furnish such q
splendid exhibition Of progress 10 any age or
period. We defy a revenus-tariff policy to pre-
sent such an exhibition of material prosperity
and industrial development. Arts. science and
literature have held their own in this wonderful
march. We are prosperous to-day beyond any
other people. The masses are better cared for,
better provided for, more self-respectine, and
more independent than ever before in our his
tory, which cannot be said Of the masses of
other countries.
One Of the striking differences between a rev
enue tariff and q protective tariff is that the
former sends the money of its people abroad for
foreign supplies, and seeks out a foreign mar
ket. The latter keeps the money at home
among our own people, circulating through the
arteries of trade. and creates q market at home,
which is always the bes. because the most reli-
able.
The South has shared in this splendid prog
ress, in this golden period or development
From 1851 to 1860 the average yearly production
of pis-iron throughout the United States was
less than S00,0 600 tons. In 1886 the States or
Alabama. Tennessee. Virginia. West Virginia,
Kentucky, Georgia. Maryland. Texas, and North
Carolina produced So, I79 net tens, or IS, 900
more than the whole annual output Of the
United States under the free trade period. Tho
eight years last past have brought to the South
W - Innn N N