davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1888-05-27

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da.
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especislmente. loo habitantes de- i
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ebrs mas grande, mAs positive, mas
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mis- compatriotss, en cuyo nombFs %.
tieipo este ssludo alnobls espansl que
tsnto ha c0ntribaido On tierfs sfgen.
tina los progresses qus son hoy tin.
bre de gloria para aus hijoa.
La provincia de Santa Ft e. Ia que
mas coIoniss ticne en- todss Las RsIn
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ca do 200, ricas y aorscientss, habits.
aas por hombTss De todos Ios pusblos,
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puerto del Rosario habia zoe rscar.
CARLOS con 10 cfecido d. Ios pfecios a.
Isansport1 : mas d I0s latonysniss'
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1888-05-27
nERNAlz Y COMP.

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BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1888-05-27

Execrable. I'm colega de Ma
yagiez da cuentas dc que SO ha
coDstituido la justicia en- ell barrio
de Lim6n, de aquel t4rmino, con
motive de haberse psfpetrado alli
un iDfanticidio.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

height after the waters recede. The Indians, who cultivate a few patches, dig holes with sharp pointed stick in the rich soil, and drop the seed. No attempt is made at cultivation, yet so marvellous is the growth that within three months corn and vegetables have fully ripened. There is no better soil in the world for cotton, rice, sugar. cane, tobacco and hemp. The latter fibre is found growing wild below Yuma and along the gulf, and an effort is now being made to plant colony in Southern Califor- mia for it's cultivation.
 c. Meyer Zulick, Governor of Arizona Territory, in his report to the Secretary of the Interior, illustrates the profits to be derived from wine-making by the results of an experiment made by the Count de Ramey from grapes grown in the Gila Valley. Govern or Zuliek says:
 "From a vineyard of four acres, three years old, he manufactured sixty gallons of white wine, supe- rior to that of California or France, and in body and flavor equal to the best of that of Spain. *' His vineyard yielded 100 pounds of grapes to the vine. From this vine
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
PROFIT OF OLIVE CULTURE.

MT. Ellwood Cooper, of Santa Barbara, Cal, declares that "the olive is the most profitable tree" he knows of. His famous olive or chard has for a number of years past yielded not less than $500 per acre, per annum.
 An olive orchard is much easier and much cheaper to establish than an orange orchard. Rooted olive cuttings, two years old, can be bought for thirty-fve cents each, while a first-class orange tree costs, at least, one dollar. And, either for oil or for pickles, the olive can be counted upon to pay larger profit than the orange.
 An olive orchard at the age of ten years should yield an average of twenty gallons of berries to the tree. Any quantity of pickled olives can now be sold at seventy five cents a gallon, in bulk. With one hundred trees to the acre, as in Mir. Cooper's orchard, the yield pen acre will be 1000 gallons, which at seventy-fve cents a gallon would furnish return of $1 800 per acre The cost of picking is not over ter cents a gallon. Even at as low 6 price as twenty-five cents a gallon the net return would be large.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
YUMA-RIVER SCENE,

from $15,OOO to $2O,OOO per month. The town of Yuma is a port of entry, and a U. s. Custom-house is located there, Hon. B. J. Tripel being customs officer. The South ern Pacific Railroad Company have established in the town a round house and several important struc- lures, and made it the end of two divisions of their road.
 The commercial and manufactur- ing advantages of Yuma are at tracting attention. Situated at the confluence of the Colorado and Gila rivers, and surrounded by a rich agricultural country, it must make rapid strides forward and be- come a city of considerable import ance. Rival railroads are already surveying the routes between the Eastern States and California, which pass through, and will make 1t a railroad center.
 As health resort for invalids af- flicted with pulmonary or bronchial diseases it is becoming we'll known, and many have taken advantage of, and been benefited by, its sa- lubrious climate.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
TESTIMONY OF WITNESSES.

Hon. Patrick Hamilton, late Com. missioner of Immigration for the Territory of Arizona, describes the agricultural resources of Yuma County as follows:
 "He who would speak of Yuma, Arizona, as a desirable farming country a few years ago, would be looked upon as it subject for a lunatic asylum. It is, however, an uncontrovertible fact that in the valleys of the Gila and the Colorado, in this county, are some of the very richest lands to be found on the continent. The valley of the Colorado, like that of the Nile, is subject to annual overfOws. Un- der It's mi-tropic sun vegetation is very rapid, and weeds, grasses and wild plants attain an amazing
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

with others, established two mis- sions-one at Fort Yuma and another nine miles below on the same bank. In 1781 the horses of the Spanish soldiers stationed there having injured some of the crops of the natives, the Indians mas sacred the men comprising the lit tie colony of about TO Spanish people, taking away the women and children as captives. Though other Catholic missionaries afterward visited the place, it was not until Gen. Phil. Kearney marched his command through the Gila Valley in 1S47, during the war with Mex leo, that something of the country began to be known to Americans.
 It was not, however, until the Gadsden purchase in 1854, that the present site of the town of Yuma was included within the limits of the United States.
 In 1852 the first steamboat, the Uncle Sam, commanded by Capt. Turnbull, navigated the Colorado river from the Gulf of California to Fort Yuma. In January, 1854, Capt. George A. Johnson reached Yuma with @ Cotton side-wheel steamer, named General Jesup, since which time the Colorado river has been regularly navigated. In
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

From the above table it will be seen that the average winter tenn perature of Yuma is almost the same as that of Florida; three degrees higher than that of Los Angeles; two degrees higher than that of San Diego; four degrees higher than at Riverside, Cal, and seven degrees higher than at Rome, Italy. The average annual tenn perature of Yuma is about twelve degrees higher than in Rome, Italy, and seven degrees higher than the famous orange district of River side, California.
 Again, it will be noticed that the average spring, summer and au- tumn temperatures of Yuma are nearly nine degrees more than at Riverside. This is sufficient to ex- plain the fact that the citrus and other fruits of Yuma ripen from a month to six weeks earlier than at Riverside, or other points in South ern California.
 Yuma has an earlier and warmer spring. The trees have an earlier start and the higher temperature natures the fruit sooner. It is evident that since oranges in Yuma ripen in the first of December, in- stead of about the middle of Janu- ary, as in Southern California, that the fruit in Arizona can never be injured by any low temperature in the winter season.
 It is known that Riverside raises better oranges than Los Angeles, and the reason is that Riverside escapes the fogs which hang over Los Angeles.
 It is proper to observe that the maximums and minimums of tenn perature, as shown by the Signal Service records, indicate little of practical utility, since such ex- tremes may not last more than a second, and may be the effect of one small wave or ripple of the air.
 The warm sunshine of the spring, summer and autumn days causes the fruit in Yuma to mature early, and gives a delicious sweetness, flavor and color to the orange, lime, lemon and other citrus fruits, which they cannot attain on the coast of the Pacific, where fogs dampen the fruit, mildew is pro duced, and dust coats both fruit and leaf.
 It is undeniable that nowhere upon the globe can spot be found more favorable for the growth of citrus fruits than Yuma County.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
SOUTHERN PACIFIC HOTEL.

Yuma can boast of a commo- dious and wellconducted hotel. Every attention is given to guests. Invalids will find all the conven- fences, hot and cold water baths, closets, etc. The rooms are large and comfortable, opening upon a broad veranda which overlooks the town and the Colorado river. The water pumped from the river into a large reservoir on the top of a hill, a little way back of the hotel, and supplied through pipes, is excellent for drinking. The attendance is excellent and the rates very mod crate. Invalids should always secure rooms by telegram or letter, so that they may find everything in readiness for, their comfort upon their arrival.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
WHY IMMIGRANTS SHOULD
 COME TO ARIZONA.

MT. Hamilton gives the following reasons why immigrants and capital should seek Arizona:
 Because the climate is perfect.
 Because the soil is fertile and prolific.
 Because home can be made with little labor.
 Because so great variety of products can be grown.
 Because there are chances for poor man which he can never hope to find in older countries.
 Because the country is advancing, and property values are increasing.
 Because Uncle Sam has yet in Arizona many farms waiting for occupants.
 Because churches, schools, news papers and railroads are fast de- veloping the moral and material clements of the Territory.
 Because the wealth of its mines, it's farming valleys, it's grazing lands and its forests will yet build up great and prosperous State.
 Because vegetation is so rapid that in two years the home is sur: rounded by a growth of trees and shrubs which would require five years to develop in colder cline.
 Because in its pure, dry invigor- ating air, epidemic diseases cannot live or germinate.
 Because it's people are generous, liberal, hospitable and progressive.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
PROFITS OF THE FIG TREE.

The following is an extract from an essay on fruit culture read be. fore the meeting of the California State fruit growers, by R. William son:
 "The fig is the most ancient fruit we cultivate. In many old coun- tries the failure of this crop almost means starvation and famine Travellers in Asia Minor and south ern Europe provide themselves with figs and olives as provisions for long journeys, and not only live, but endure, and grow fat on the diet. The fig has more medicinal properties and more nutriment than any other fruit, except, possibly, the olive. High prices have pre- vented their general use in America. Smyrna exported 21, ,600,0 pounds of dried figs in 1884, and other countries brought the grand total up to 4O,O0O,O0O, besides the large amount consumed at home. Eng land, the United States and Ger many receive the bulk of this ex- port"
 In no country does the fig thrive better than in Southern Arizona. Trees of six and seven years old will yield POO pounds to the tree, which at six cents per pound, the current price, is SIP per tree. Fig trees of from ten to twenty years old have frequently been known to yield from 800 to 1000 pounds of figs when dried.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
PENETANGUIsHENE, ONTARIO,
 (CANADA), March l, 1888.


 M. " Meagher. Esq, Deputy Com missioner of Immigration for ArizonG, No. S6 South Main street, Los Am geles, Cal
 DEAR SIR: I found it impossible, as I had anticipated, to return to Los Angeles, prior to my departure for home.
 was much pleased with the location and surroundingsof Ynma; but the town itself has but few attractions, at present.
 The Colorado and Gila Valleys, in the vicinity of Yuma, contain as good land as I ever saw, and your statements relative to Yuma and the valleys named, were sub- stantially correct.
 Time did not allow me to proceed up the Gila Valley and into the Salt River Valley, as you recom- mended.
 As to the climate of Yuma, at this season of the year, it is simply perfect.
 A number of Canadians will visit Los Angeles in the near future, and will, if we can obtain considerable body of land in Arizona, in com pact form, and on reasonable terms, establish colony there. Thanking you for the information furnished, and the many courtesies extended, to me, I beg to remain
 Your obedient servant,
 WM. E. GILLESPIE.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

lection of moist atmosphere which they cannot here find and they die before they can begin their work of destruction. This was satisfactorily demonstrated on the orange trees of MT. John Gondolfo at the town of. Yuma, by actual experiment. The female scale bug everywhere dies as soon as she lays her eggs. Knowing this, few female scale bugs, which had been accidentally brought on trees from California, were placed upon the plants in MT. GondolfO's garden, being carefully watched. The young died before they could attach themselves to the orange tree, and though several experiments were made, no scale bug lived. Similar experiments were made in other gardens with the same result, the very dry and hot atmosphere of the daytime shriveling the insect and destroying it.
 There is no danger of the tenn perature ever reaching such low point as to in any way affect orange or lime trees, or even more tender plants, in Yuma County. The req son can easily be understood. The leaves which contain the most moisture will suffer most from a low temperature. In the very dry atmosphere of Southern Arizoua, where the leaf is so much drier and bardier than in the moist atmos- phere near the ocean, a much great CT degree of cold can be borne without injury to the tree, the atmospheric conditions as to dry ness and moisture being more i'm portant in this respect than the temperature.
 During the last winter (18S7-8) not an orange, lemon or lime tree was in the least affected in any part of Yuma County; yet the ther- mometer registered for a moment or two, its lowest point during the year, 2S0 above zero (Farenheit).
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

stands, one of which is occupied by the gatling gun, which controls both rivers for distance of 1,20O or 1,50O yards.
 The walls of the prison building are of granite, six feet thick at base, and four feet at top. Cement ed into this wall is an iron grating one half-inch thick and so fitted that a prisoner, though he were to dig through the granite wall, could not escape without cutting through these iron bars.
 The tank which supplies water for the prison and grounds is of 85,OO0 gallons capacity and is filled from the Colorado river by steam pumps.
 The institution is excellently managed. Hon. P. Brady, Hon. Geo. H. Stevens and Hon. Isaac Lyons are the prison commissioners. The superintendent, MT. Thos. Gates, and the assistant superin- tendent, MT. John Behan, conduct the prison in manner that will compare favorably with that of any similar institution in the United States.
 The prison furnishes a market for considerable of the produce of Yuma County.
 The electric lights of the prison upon high masts illumine the town at night.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
WHY CAPITAL SHOULD SEEK
 ARIZONA.

Because its mines are the richest.
 Because its grazing lands are the best.
 Because its forests of pine are the most extensive in the South west. Because its grand resources are yet to be developed.
 Because the profits from it's stock ranges are larger than in any other portion of the Union.
 Because there is demand for additional facilities for ore reduc- tion.
 Because there are vast stretches of rich soil to be reclaimed by the construction of irrigating canals.
 Because there are large tracts of grass lands that can be utilized by the sinking of artesian wells.
 Because there are many openings in a new country which cannot exist in older communities.
 Because the opportunities for engaging in the successful cultiva- tion of semi-tropic fruits are better than in any other part of the United States.
 Because property values are rapidly advancing.
 Because the Indian difficulties are about to be settled for all time.
 Because Arizona's boom is yet to come.
 Because it is virgin field, ready for the seed which will produce golden harvest.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
NEITHER PLANT-DISEASE NOR
 SCALE BUG.

The atmospheric conditions in Yuma County are such as to insure freedom from plant-diseases and complete immunity from the rav- ages of the scale bug, which is so destructive of the orange trees in the moist atmosphere of Southern California. So, too, the dryness of the air would permit much lower temperature in Southern Arizona than in Florida or California, with out injury to tender plants.
 The sap of plants, it is well known, is much influenced in its conditions by atmospheric varia- tions, and contracts or expands ac- cording as the pressure of the external air is increased or dimin- ished.
 The atmosphere of the valleys in Yuma County is not subject to such changes but is ever dry and genial, and temperature quite uniform. Fungi can find nothing to feed upOu duu cduuOG 0A1SG.
 For somewhat similar reasons, the scale bug cannot exist in South ern Arizona. There are several varieties of the scale insect-the Lecanium hesperidum, or smooth scale, found upon orange and lemon trees in Florida, and some parts of California; the Aspidiotus (aurantii or red scale) the Lecanium oleae or black scale insect, which has destroyed immense numbers of orange and lemon trees in the two States named; the Icerya Purchasi or cottony cushion scale, now so prevalent in California, and some other varieties. These insects are sheltered under their scales and are of soft conscience, resembling a grub. From the underside of its breast, proceeds sucker or trunk, by means of which it extracts the sap which constitutes its food. The female deposits her eggs which hatch in few days, and the female young escape and run about for a day or two until they find some unoccupied or favorable spot on tree or leaf in which to insert their suckers.
 They seem to need the pro-
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
per acre {:

Cost of orchard. .$5, ,220 %
 "At the end of the third year the orchard will bear enough to pay the interest on the investment at ten per cent, and ought to do good deal more than that. In two years more it will bear from one to one and a half boxes to the tree, which for navel oranges, this year, would be from $4,OO0 to $6,000 for the product of the orchard. From that figure it will gradually advance.
 "Mr. Johnson has twenty acres in oranges and grapes. The oranges were sold, this season, on the trees, for $8, 900, and the grapes for $2, 300. Many other similar examples might be adduced."
 In Southern Arizona, where land can be had for $10 an acre, and water at $1.25, the original cost of the ten-acre orchard would be less than $1, 300, instead of $3, 900, while the profits would be greater, as the fruit maturing three weeks earlier would find higher market.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
RAISINS FROM ARIZONA.

"There is considerable rivalry every year among California raisin- growers as to who shall put the first of the crop on the market. So far the latter part of August has been the earliest period, but our vineyardists seem destined to be put completely in the shade, at no distant day, by those of Arizona. A sample of raisins has been re- ceived from a resident of Yuma, A. T., which were picked from the vine July 14th and were sufficiently dried on the 24th. These raisins were grown in what is known as the Mohawk Valley, on the banks of the Gila river, in south western Arizona. This section possesses a fertile soil, is well watered and has
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25


 1872 regular line of ocean steam CTS was established by the Colorado Steam Navigation Go. through from San Francisco to Yuma, via the Gulf of California, which continued until the Southern Pacific Railroad reached the river in the spring of 1877.
 In 1870 Yuma City became the county seat of Yuma County, and in 1873 the first judicial hanging in the Territory took place there. In 1877 the Territorial Legislature located there the Territorial Prison.
 The town of Yuma is located 165 miles above the mouth of the Color ado river, eight miles above the line of Lower California, and twen- ty miles above the line of Sonora, Mexico. It is 130 feet above sea- level. The Colorado river is about 1900 feet wide where it is crossed by the Southern Pacific Railroad bridge at Yuma.
 The population is about twelve hundred. It has Catholic and Prot estant churches, two excellent schools, and its stores are doing we'll. The business which is done is extensively wholesale, and much larger than it's population would indicate, probably equal to that transacted in the average California town of six times its extent. The store of MT. Gondolfo alone, it is said, does an averave business of
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

been largely settled upon recently.
 "The small time necessary for the conversion of the grapes into raisins is not the least of the ad- vantages offered. Ordinarily in this State California; from two to three weeks exposure is necessary nearer the latter than the former. Doubtless the process was hastened, however, by the fact that the grapes were spread upon sand instead of upon trays for drying."-S. F. Chronicle.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
THE TOWN OF YUMA.

Mir. Richard J. Hinton, in his in- teresting Handbook to Arizona" sketches the early history of the town as follows:
 In the year 17OO Father Kino established a mission on the spot now occupied by the post of Fort Yuma, upon the California side of the Colorado river; but it was soon afterward destroyed by natives, who, however, seem to have been well let alone until 1771, when Father Garces visited the Colorado river, and subsequently,, in 1778,
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

yard, only three years old, and con- taining only four acres, he has this year made $500 gallons of wine of different kinds, which he has sold for $1 per gallon, besides selling grapes to the value of $500. The net yield of each acre has been $1, ,000. The testimony of vine-cul- turists is that there is no better country for the manufacture of wine than that of the Gila river and Salt river valleys, and the ex- perimental test above cited would seem to fully bear out the asser- tiOn.n
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
THE TERRITORIAL PRISON.

This institution is located at the town of Yuma and is a fine struct- ure.
 The main prison wall is 280 300 feet and l6 feet high, with a thick ness of 8 feet at base and 5 feet on top.
 There are in all eight guard
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25
PROFITS OF THE ORANGE
 GROVE.

The Pacifc Fruit Grocer pub fishes the following as the cost of a ten-acre orange orchard, three years from planting, allowing the price paid for the land to be $250 per acre, and the rental of water, $3
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

T IIOO IOIO IOa BIaPCo OII FIIIcS. YOU OO
 At this figure the grower could easily clear from $200 to $400 an acre. When once they come into general use in the East, a consump- ton of 500,0O0,OO0 pounds will be small.
The Arizona sentinel., 1888-02-25

The rate of wages for day labor CTS on the railroad has been $1.25. Other day laborers receive from $1.5O to $2.0O per day.