davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
The Rats of Paris.

There are two species of rats in Paris:
A black sort which infests garrets and
old houses, and gray kind that is
found in cellars and swarms in all the
sewers. This sewer kind is the most
voracious and dangerous, and its ravages
cost the city a large sum annually.
Wherever there is underground shelter
there is family of these rats, and they
multiply with astonishing rapidity.
Cellars, sewers, catacombs are their
abodes, and they dig passageways
through thick walls, undermine founda-
tions and do q great deal of damage.
Many attempts have been made to ex-
terminate them in the sewers, but always
PHOSPHORUS, arsenic, prussic acid and
strychnne have been set for them but
they won't touch the bait. One in
ventor thought he had hit on the very
thing when he proposed to fry pieces
of sponge in lard and scatter them
about, under the expectation that the
rats would eat them and that the ex-
panson of the sponges in their stomachs
would prove fatal. His theory was all
right except on one point-the rats de-
clined to eat the pieces of sponge. AS
for the traps they would perhaps answer
if it were possible to set enough to catch
all the rats in the sewers without bank
rupting the city in their purchase.
The plan which works the best is to
hunt the pests with dogs trained for rat
killing. Every now and then gangs of
men go down into the sewers, and by
following several converging galleries
manage to drive whole armies of rats to-
ward a single point, where these dogs
are let loose and great slaughter follows.
The men who keep these rat dogs are
paid one cent for every rodent destroyed.
Another class of rat catchers operate on
the streets after nightfall, but their aim
is to capture the animal alive, 80 as to
sell it to the owners of terriers These
fellows receive ten cents dozen for live
rats and are permitted to keep the dead
bodies, which have a market value of
three to four cents, the skins being ex-
cellent for kid gloves, while the bones
can be made up into toothpicks and ear
cleaners. -NeD Orleans PicaYune.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
THE LABOR WORLD.

BLIND man is nne of the most skillful
plumbers in KenoS B., Wis.
BUTLER, Penn, is rapidly booming up as
great glass manufacturing town.
THE working day in Paris France, has
been reduced from eleven hours to ten hours.
THE granite cutters have decided to work
nine hours day for $3.50 for the present
year.
In New York City the building trades have
forty-five unions, with a membership OF
$4,000
THE weekly pay roll of the Singer Sewing
Machine Company at Elizabeth N. j.,
amounts to S35,000
IT takes every year million horses tails to
keepa Rhode Island haircloth factory sup
piled with material.
A LEBANON penny manufacturing COM
Pany has an order for 800 model cars for the
Pennsylvania Company.
ACCORDING to the latest figures as many
as $4,000 of tho worlds railway employees are
killed or manned every year.
TEE can makers at the Batavia IN. w
preserving factory manufactured 5000 cans
recently, tho largest days work that they
have accomplished.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
Pension, For New Engiande rs.

Pensions have been granted as follows:
Maine-Jamos H. Lord, Skowhegsn;
James S. Burke, Lewiston; Dexter P Moul-
ton, Biddeford; Isaiah Snow. Blaine;, Ly-
man L. Grover, East Browntield; William
McAllister, East Stoneham; Lorenzo D,
Wilbur, Ellsworth: Emma NJ, widow Of
Urban II. Hovey, Warren; Theresa A, wild
ow of Frederick G. Parker, Presque Isle;
Julia A., widow of Charles G. Fisher, Buck
sport.
New ampshire-Daniel o. Beverstock,
Keene.
Vermont-George W. Wise, Barre; Sarah
NJ, widow of Hiram Motfatt, Peru; John,
father of John E. Morton, West Randolph.
Massachusetts Joseph De Souza, Boston;
James Vickers, Auburndale; Horatio F..
Guilgan, Willimansett; John Horn, Boston;
David S. Harvey, Boston; Frank L. Breyer,
Springfield; George Flint, East Lexington;
Abisha S. Perry, Billerica; Morrel Williams,
Braintree; Daniel McAllister, Boston; Sc
phia, mother of Nathaniel T. West, Vine
yard Haven; George w. Melen, Pittsfeld.
Rhode Island Michael Phelan, Providence;
John Austin Hatfield, Newport
Connecticut-John A Chisn,, Westfeld;
Josephine E., widow of George A. Emmons,
Portland.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
Bill 80 Prevent Trade Rrstric!iOns
Arainst The United States.

Senator Farwell has introduced a bill d.
recting the president to make proclama tion
prohibiting the importation of products OF
foreign states in GER ain cases. The bill re-
cites that products of the United States are
unjustly Disseminated against by certain
foreign states, on various ill-founded pre-
texts, laying restrictions on the importation
of such products, and that the diplomatic
negot ations conducted through a series
of years by the United States have
failed to secure the removal Of
these unjust and discriminating restrictions.
1t then provides that, whenever the minister
or other chief dip 'omatic representative of
the United States to any foreign state shall
officially report the failure of the efforts Of
the United States to secure the removal Of
any discrimination by such foreign state
against any product of the United States the
president shall make proclamation directing
that such product of the foreign state as he
may deem proper shall he excluded from im-
Dortation TO the United States
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
VOL. XVI.
The FLYING Man.

l believe, writes Richard A. Proctor,
of the Philadelphia Press, that athletes
such as those who first obtained mastery
over the problem of the bicycle could
very soon learn to float, to ascend, to
descend, to ride upward, to soar, and SO
forth, in a way which would very de-
cisively indicate the possibility of a
much fuller mastery over the problem of
flight later on. Experiments which have
been already made prove decisively that
a mans weight can be supported by
planes or sails of very moderate extent
not much greater, proportionally. to his
body than an eagles wings-if only
there is either rapid motion of advance
or strong current of air against their
slightly slanted surface. But these ex-
periments have not yet been so carried
on as to show fully what can be done
when practice in the art of balancing in
the air and in making the adjustments
necessary for changing the direction OF
fight has been sufficiently extended.
Yet Mr.. Charles Spencer, teacher of
gymnastics in England, was able, after
obtaining no greater velocity than would
be given by running down a small in-
cline, to sustain flight by the supporting
action of wicker wings for distance of
1870 feet. Besnier, indeed, toward the
close of the last century, devised a
method of supporting the body by
pinions, which enabled him, after sharp
run, to fly across a river of considerable
width. 1t is certain that very little is
to be gained from the attempts which
have been made to direct balloons. The
velocity which can be given to balloon
in still air is very small. A very
moderate breeze would carry a balloon
one way despite all the mechanical at
tempts to direct in another, let the bal
loon be shaped as it may. Moreover,
all such attempts are dangerous, for the
wind has a great hold on the necessarily
large surface of balloon, and going
against the wind would subject the bal
loon to destructive influences. When
ever man attacks the problem of fight,
seeking real advantage from its mastery,
he will aim at much more than such
mere floating power as the balloon gives
at more, even, than the rapid floating
motion, with power of guidance, which
may be obtained by the experiments
suggested above. These must also be q
power of energetic propulsion while still
in the air. This might be obtained by
suitable adjustment of levers to be
worked by man in actual fight. But
while l be ieve flight to be possible for
man in this way, l consider the only
kind of fight which is likely to be really
useful to men to be that Of flying ma
chimes propelled, balanced, and directed
by some one or other of the natural forces
man has brought under his control.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
The Olive in California.

The olive is to be source of great
wealth to Northern California. 1t will
flourish here better than IN Italy, where
about 2, 600, 900 acres are devoted to the
tree. Wesay "better' advisedly, because
in the new soil of this State the yield is
fully double to the acre attained in the
warm soil of Italy. There is no tree
worthy of so much attention here. 1t is
eminently adapted to the foothill
region, since 1t thrives in the dryest and
most rocky soils without irrigation, and
in such situations gives oil of finer
quality than that obtained from olive
orchards on rich alluvial soil. But both
valley and foothills are suitable to tl<
olive.-O OrOoilLe (CaE) Register.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
SPECIE CERTIFICATES.
Senator VOOrhecs' Plan for Hssuing
and RedeemiBg Legal Tender.

Senator Voorhees, Plan for Hssuing
and RedeemiBg Legal Tender.
Senator VOORHEES,, has today introduced
bill to authorize the issue of specie certih-
Gates, redeemable half in gold coin and half
In silver bullion, "equal in value to the gold
half.n
The secretary Of the treasury is authorized
to purchase about $S, 900, 900 worth of silver
bullion per month, to be made up at once,
and the product of United States mines.
Such purchases are to continue until they
aggr egate 500, 100000. The certificates IS
sued are not to exceed in amount per month
twice the monthly purchase of bullion. The
aggregate amount Of certificates is limited
to 5000, ,000, 900, the denominations to be S.,
$10 $50, and $50, 80, 000,0 600 of each. Holders
of certificates may be paid in standard silver
dollars instead of bullion. Specie certificates,
according to the bill, are made legal tender
in payment of debts; may constitute part of
national bank reserves, and shall not be
cancelled, but reissued, when collected by
the treasury
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
Fear. for a Dennis Schooner.

The consgnees of the three-masted schooner
William G. Lewis, Capt. Kelly, from Phia-
delphia for Boston with coal, considerably
overdue, fear that she has been lost in the re-
cent blizzard. The last seen of her was on
the Sunday night of the storm, off Long
island, where she was in company with the
schooner Sarah w. Lawrence, also bound
from here to Boston. The Lawrence man
aged to work her way into New York
greatly damaged and with crew badly
frostbitten. The Lewis is 398 tons register,
and was built in 1874 Messrs Doane &
Crowell of Dennis, Mass, are her owners,
and the crew consisted of eight men, all
told
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
ASKING FOR MILEAGE BOUNTY.
shipowners Begging for "a Share of the
Rig Surplus.

shipowners Begging for a Share of the
Rig Surplus.
The house committee on merchant marine
gave hearing few days ago to some ship
owners, who are begging for a share Of the
surplus, and to the opponents of their
scheme. Mr.. Calkins of New York deplored
the disfavor which overshadows us today
from tho destruction of our old wooden sail
ing ships in the rebellion.
Capt, Snow, who is interested in some Of
the wooden sailing ships still existing,
thought they ought to have mileage bounty
of 80 cents per ton to enable them to COM
pete with the Umbria and the Etruria.
Mr.. Vanderbilt of the Havana line wanted
money to help him run off tho foreign tramps
who interfere with his business.
Capt. John Goldman said that he was
ashamed to see such lot of merchants. The
American sailor, he said, had never feared
competition with foreigners on equal terms Of
ownership of vessels. All that was asked
was the liberty-granted to the people Of
every other nation of the world to use their
own money to build their own ships. That
is great deal better than to ask for other
peoples money to perpetuate monopolies in
his country.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
New York Tribune Building Not Fire.
urOOf, After All.

Firo broke out in the offices of the Homer
Lee Bank Note Company on the eighth floor
of the Tribune building, and despite the sup
posed fireproof floors, ate its way to the floor
above. On this floor are located the rooms
of the reporters and city editor of the Trib-
une. The flremen were promptly summoned,
but before their arrival the fire had de-
stroyed files, manuscripts and valuable
papers in the Tribune office which cannot
we'll te replaced Within half an hour the
fire was extinguished, but the loss is estimated
at $G000 The cause of the fire is unknown.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
White Girl wed. an Indian.

Chaska, the Indian, has succeeded in we'd
ding his pale-faced love, Cora Belle Fellows,
at Pierre Oak. TIE posLponement of the
marriage was due to the rules of the Episco-
pal church, Rev. Handforth refusing to per-
form the ceremony before he had an
nounced it for three successive Sundays
Agent McChesney pronounces Chaska n
worthless redskin, without ability or
learning. Miss Fellows, during the cere-
mony presented Chaska with gold ring,
engraved "Cora to Chaska." The Indian
was highly pleased with the present. Dur
ing the ceremony the bride actel calmy,
while the groom, dressed IN citizens clothes,
made good appearance. The dance was
the ordinary affair, lasting all night, after
which the couple sought their new home.
The lady seems thoroughly infatuated with
her husband. She will continue TO teach
school.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
DOINGS or CONGRESS.

March 29-SENATE.-Among the bills
reported from committees and placed on the
calendar was: Senate Till for public build
ing at. y London, Ct, $4,000
Mr.. Dawes introduced bill to establish
courts for the Indians ON the various re -erva-
tions, and to exten the protection of the
laws of the st tes and territories over all
Indians. He said that the bill had been pre-
pared by q committee Of Philadelphia, Bos-
ton and New York lawyers, assisted 10y some
gentlemen who have devoted very nuch time
to the question of what was needed for the
care and protection of the Indians. The
source from whence 1t came entitled it to the
careful consideration of the senate. 1t is
proposed to apply an entirely new policy to
the treatment of the Indians by extending
over them, in body, the laws of the states
and territori IS where they live. The bill was
referred to the committee on InGian affairs.
The senate proceeded to the consideration Of
lills on the calendar, only those being taken
lIp to which there was no objection
Among tho 6l bills pase1 was one (house
bilD to ratify and confirm an agreement with
GroSventre and other tribes of Crow Indians
in Montana. An amendment having been
made to this bill looking to treaty for the
removal OF the southern Ute Indians from
Colorado committee of conference was or
~dered, and Senators Dawes, Daniel and
Stockbridge were appointed.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
A Silent Wedding.

A. marriage license has been granted
for Burt Kingsley, aged 2s, and Linnie
Caldwell, "a years old. Both are deaf
and dumb. John Sherman, who made
an affidavit that there was no legal i'm
pediment to the marriage, is also a mute
and told his story to Deputy Clerk Nor
den with his fingers. He claims to be
q cousin of Senator John Sherman, of
Ohio. He has wife and two children,
one ~ years old and the other II
months. They, too, are deaf and dumb.
Portland Ore0onian.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06

March S0.-HoUsE--Th house passed to-
day the senate bills pensioning the widow OF
Gen. John A. Logan and the widow of Gen.
Francis P. Blair, at $4,000 year, by nearly
two-thirds majority They will both be
signed by the president. On motion of Mr..
McCreary of Kentucky, senate amendments
were non-concurred in to the house
bill authorizing the president to
arrange a conference for the pur-
pose Of encouraging reciprocal commercial
relations between the United States and the
republics of Mexico, Central and South
America and the empire of Brazil Mr.
Russell of Massachusetts asked consent to re-
port from the committee on foreign affairs
for immediate consideration joint resolu-
tion appropriating $25, 900 to enable the
United States to participate in the inter-
national exhibition to be held at Barcelona,
Snoin in Anril 1883
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
CONFESSION OF CONSPIRACY.
frauds in Dealing I'm Chinese Return
Certificates.

Certificates.
A sensation was created in the United
States circuit court in San Francisco, in the
trial of Ferdinand Ciprico and E. A. Nc
Lean, ex-customs inspectors, who were re-
Gently indicted with w. A. Boyd, also an
ex-inspector, on charges of fraud and con-
spiracy in dealing in Chinese return certid-
Gates. Boyd, who has Deen confined in Jail
several months came into court and made
full confession of the conspiracy, in which he
sqid Ciprico, Mclean, Interpreter j. e.
Kipp and himself were engaged. Boyd stated
that in January, 1885, the conspirators made
an agreement with man named A. Hansc,
that tho latter should take the return GER
tificates to China and sell them
Boyd had charge of the registration de-
partment in the custom house, and the cer-
tificates were obtained by procuring the SER
vices of large number of Chinese who had
no intention of going to China, but who
would present themselves at the custom
house for registration, and be furnished with
q white tag, which entitled them to certif-
Gates, which, OF course, they never pro-
cured. The conspirators would then collect
these white tags which were evidence OF
the Chinaman's departure, and
then issue certificates which they
retained in their own pos
session. Boyd stated that about 100 certif-
Gates would be obtained in this manner On
the departure of overy steamer. When
Hansc first sailed for China he carried with
MIN about 500 certificates obtained in this
way and during the next few months 800 OF
GOO more were sent him. These be sold in
China and the money was returned to this
city for distribution among the conspirators.
The Chinese who purchased certificates came
over on steamers and were landed in this
country.
Boyd stated further that he had beer in
duced to give this evidence for the govern
ment Mt the solicitation of Asst.-Dist- Atty.
McPike, and at tho conclusion of the testi-
mony Mr.. McPike moved that the charges
againt Boyd be dismissed and that he be dis
charged from custody, which Judge Sawyer
granted. A nolle prosequi was entered in
the case of ex-Inspcctor Whaloy, who was
indicted on similar charges, and an order
was made directing the marshal to take In
| terpreter Kipp into custody.
Essex County herald. [volume] (Guildhall, Vt.) 1873-1964, 1888-04-06
MEXICAN CONGRESS- OPENED.
Message of President Diaz an Essen.
TALLY Business Document.

VI MSGARee OF k-feEtuent 1biHL an ESSeEs
TALLY Business Document.
President Diaz, in opening the Mexican
congress, says that Mexico is at peace with
all nations, mentions the recent troubles on
the border, and intimates that Mexican Of
tenders will be severely punished. The presi-
dent informs congress that treaty will be
sent to the senate providing for reciprocity
with Guatemala in the exchange of products
natural to both countries, and also that
treaties of commerce and friendship are to be
negotiated with China and Japan and that
similar treaty with France will soon
be put in operation. He speaks ap-
provingly of the activity of the Central rail-
way company in building its branches, notes
the extension Of the federal telegraph sys.
tenn, and announces that tho government is
firm in its purpose to meet all its obligations
to foreign creditors and congratulates the
country that the deficit at the close Of the
fiscal year was smaller than ever before,
The message is essentially business docu-
ment, and shows g'neral progress and the
determination of the governm mt to sustain
enterprises contributing to the material ad.
vancement of the country.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1888-06-16
Chronology Of the Typewriter.

The records published of the history
of the typewriter, are briefly, that in
January, 1714, one Henry Mill obtained
a patent in England for a machine to
write in printed characters, one letter
at time, one after another; that Alex
ander Balm and Thomas Wright, in 1871
(nearly $50 years latcr) received an Eng
lish patent for machine to print in
telligence at distant places" 1t was
simply what is now called q 'printing
telegraph"
The next record is of a United States
patent issued November IS, 1916, to
Charles Thurber, of Worcester, Mass.
This. SO far as published history shows,
was the first typewriter ever patented
in the United States and the Thurber
machine proved slow and useless. The
next patents issued in this country were
to one Fairbanks in 1S4S, to Oliver T.
Eddy, of Baltimore, in 1850, in 1859
another, yet another in 1854 and in 1856,
three others, one belonging to A. Ely
Beach, of the Scientific American, and
one to DR.. Samuel w. Francis, of New
York. Other patents were issued yearly
from 1853 to 1866, but all of these in
ventions proved to be of but little prac-
teal value.
c. Latham Sholes, of Milwaukee, in
1867 invented a typewriting machine,
upon which he worked until 1878, as
sisted at various times by the money and
suggestions of Samuel w. Soule, Carlos
Glidden, James Densmore and James o.
Clephane.
Meanwhile, however, John Pratt, of
Center, Ala, but in April, 1867, resi-
dent of London, England, published a
description and illustration in Lond on
engineering of machine called a
pterotype, which was typewriter. In
1e49, also, Mons. Pierre Foucault, q
blind man in the Paris Institute for the
Blind, exhibited machine at the
Worlds fair in London to print en-
bossed letters to be read by the blind.
This machine proved success. - De
troit Free Press.
The weekly messenger. [volume] (St. Martinsville [i.e. St. Martinville] La.) 1886-1948, 1888-06-16
PAPER Bottles.

An attempt now being made on an
extende d scale to introduce hotties
made of paper into this country merits
some passing notice. The paper bottle
industry, which has achieved consider
able success in Chicago, and is gradu-
ally extending throughout the United
States, has not yet obtained any devel-
opment on this side of the Atlantic.
Foremost amongst the advantages accru-
ing from this new adaptation of paper
is the fact that the bottle are unbreaka-
BILE; whilst the cost at which they can
be placed on the market is considerably
lower than that of article, of the same
size Of glass, stoneware, or tin. A great
saving in weight is moreover effected, a
desideratum of no small moment where
cost of carriage of large numbers has
to be taken into consideration; whilst
the cost of packing is reduced to a
minimum, for breakage in transit, which
is constant source of loss with glass
bottles, is obviously impossible. Spe-
cial machinery is employed in the manu-
facture of paper bottles. A long strip
of paper of requisite thickness having
been formed into a tube by bending
around a circular 'mandrel," is covered
externally with an outer glazed sheet,
bearing any printed labels to be en-
ployed; the tube is then cut into short
lengths, to the ends of which arc added
tops, bottoms, and necks of paper-or
of wood. if special strength is desired
nothing further being necessary beyond
pouring in and lining the inside' with q
composition, which on setting will
effectively resist the alton of acids.
spirits, inks, dyes. &c. The utilization
of paper is constantly new adaptations, a
bare enumeration Of which would con-
stitute a formidable list; whilst enough
has been said to demonstrate that the
latest development OF this material in
the bottle making industry bids fair to
hold a ot unimportant part in the varied
uses now obtained from paper.-[Indo
pendent.