Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1888-11-23

As the time when we must provide shell
ter for our farm animals is near at hand.
we should begin to consider their designs
and construction. A close observer will
note a few faults in the stock shelters we
provide. Many are not warm enough a
few, especially among shelters for swine.
are too warm
Many shelters, especially those for horses.
are too dark. Some would be warm enough
We're they dry but water is allowed to en-
ter them from above or from below. or
both But the most common fault is lack
of ventilation and | believed that it is the
most serious So much has been written
about air once breathed being unfit for
breathing until it has been purified of the
matters from the lungs; we have so often
been urged on this account, to ventilate our
own shelters, that it is certainly only nee
eSsary to point out that as cattle. horses.
etc, also foul air by the matters from their
lungs, 1t is highly important because it is
essential to their continued health, to ven
tlate well their shelters. The fact that the
air IN their shelters is contaminated also by
the eXhalatlons from their excrement. Gg
uid and solid, which cannot be removed
completely the instant it is deposited, makes
the ventilation of stock shelter all the more
necessary if the thrift of the animals is Ia
be maintained. think no well informed
person can doubt that a considerable mart
of the disease among our farm animals is
due 10 their being compelled to breathe air
confined IN their shelters until it is loaded
down with poisonous matters and although
the deleteriouS effects may not amount to
disease, they must at least reduce thrift
and gain
Lack Of ventilation proceeds from mis-.
lrHHlf NsaI off. nF Il.
enough. To keep out the cold winds the
shelter is made so tight that the fouled air
inside cannot escape And it is true that
If we made in the sides of the shelters. ON
a level with the animals, openings sufficient
for the removal Of the air as it is rendered
UNFIT for breathing, and for the entrance of
sufficient pure air 70 take its place. the shell
tiers could not be made warm enough This
would proceed more from the rapid currents
of air that would directly strike the ami
mails than from the temperature of the air.
Sull air Is a very poor conductor of heat.
hence If we contiue a body Of nearly still
air about the animals they will lose bodily
heat slowly, while rapid currents will rob
them of the bodily heat Plainly we can
not make the openings for ventilation ON
level with the animals, for through these
openings the air would rush with all the
l"I'e Oh lhe Mlnu, ana there would be
rapid, strong currents about the animals.
The air expelled from the lungs is heated
10y the warm eNcrement hence the foul
air that we desire 10 get out of the shelters
Is heated again. When air is heated it cx
pands and therefore a certain bulk Of it is
lighter and it rises If we make our open
ings for ventilation in the roof or near IT,
thi, foul air will rise to the openings and
pass out, while the pure air of the outside
being of lower temperature. will enter
aud slowly sink 20 take its place By so
making the openings We get better ventila
ton than If We made them in the sides of
the shelter, near the floor, for then the
foul air would be retained above them.
By So making the openings we not only
get the maximum ventilation, but with it
the minimum reduction Of the temperature
of the shelter In fact We may have suiii-
Client openings for good ventilation without
percepthly reducing that temperature. If
the openings are in the roof the pure air
that enter, brings with it nothing Of the
force Of the wind If the openings are in
the sides, near the roof, the force Of the .
wind is expended in horizontal currents
Just under the roof, above the animals In