Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-11-02
ORIGIN OF ALPHABETS.
The Letters A, d and o Survive Ill
Changes-Interesting Historical Items


Changes-Interesting Historical Items
When child cries, the lips are apart,
and form, at each side of the mouth, a
sharp angle, with sides of about equal
length. The sounds of the crying are
those assigned to the first letter of almet
every alphabet The arrow headed Or
wedge shaped characters in use among tie
old Babylonians and Persians till the tine
of the great Alexanders Asiatic conquets
were copied from the human mouth. By
means of different combinations these
wedges or AS were made to represent
consonant as well as vowel sounds. BIT
the entire alphabet Is made up Of these
wedges. 1t required many generations
probably to advance from A and B. Nov,
look at child's face, sideways, when tae
lips are shut, and you see natural B.
Put these two letters together and we
have alb, which by being doubled gives
abba, the old eastern word for father. A
slight modification gives am, then ANNA,
the old eastern form of mama or mamma
in the west, just as abba was changed
into papa and pope or holy father. The
arrow heads had served to record tie
history, the literature, the religion Of
mighty empires-the old Assyrian,
Median, and Persian. They were traced
mostly on bricks. Paper had not yet been
so much as dreamed Of.
From A and B alpha ana Beta) a
comprehensive scheme of phonetic char
acters must be worked out before the
leaf or rind of papyrus can be used for
writing on. The lip letters NJ and T,
softened into F and V, which last was
vocalized as U, are notifications merely
of B. We may safely say the same OF
the dental D, softened into T. which gave
rise to S. A series of characters was
gradually worked out, and the time came
when Cadmus, the man from the East,
brought an alphabet of sixteen letters
from Phoenicia into Greece. Cadmus,
looked at as an individual man. dwindles
to myth-a shadow. He expresses in
legendary form the outcome of long
train of almost forgotten facts. These
sixteen letters were expanded by the
Greeks to twenty-four. Light wooden
tablets covered with wax for writing on
were adopted. But the pen was still OF
solid iron, like pencil, sharp at one end,
with fat circular head at the other fol
blotting out, when desired, what had
been written with the point. These
tablets were fastened together at the
back by wires, 30 that they opened and
shut like our books. For important
documents the edges Of the tables were
pierced with holes through which triple
thread was passed and then sealed. Il
Is to this custom that allusion is made il
the Apocalypse-''close sealed with sever
SEALS. " This Apocalyptic book was writ
ten within and on the back" The an.
clients used to write on the front side
only-even after they had given W
wooden tablets In favor of papyrus anC
parchment. The back was generally
stained saffron or yellow.
The old Italians, too, of prehistoric
age got an alphabet from the east. Tn,
letters were extended and modified unit
they became very different in form from
those of Greece. But it is remarkable
that A, B, and o survive all changes
They are copies of the mouth when emit
ting the sounds assigned them. Modern
Typography has no doubt greatly i'm
proved the rude, early scrawl, such a.
may still be seen on old gravestones. The
old Phnnician and old Hebrew Aleph ha.
not the same position as our modern A
They are almost horizontal. with nearly
perpendicular line drawn across the angle
formed by the sides of the letter. The
later Roman alphabet was spread by Ro
man conquest. Our Anglo-Saxon fore
fathers at length adopted it. They man
aged to get up sort of literature. Blu
the age of pocket dictionaries, handy
volumes, the daily or even weekly news
papers was still long way off. Art anc
discovery have still long apprenticeship
before we can inundate our postoffice
with valentines or photograph instanta
neously on paper the tail of some might,
comet.=London Stationery Review.