davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-02-02
For THE PROGRESSIVE FA
II HOMESTEAD.

Whatever relates to the best inter
ests of agriculture will find a welcome
in the columns of THE PROGRESSIVE
FARMER. although it should be con-
trary to the views and fixed convic
tions Of its able and honored editor.
| beg to submit to your readers, whose
names | trust are legion, views of the
homestead law, although different
from those adopted by the Farmers
Association at Greensboro. Free dis
cussiOn eliminates error and establishes
the truth. In practical economy, as
in all other sciences, he that will fol-
low philosophy must be free.
If the resolution referred to had
stopped with Recognizing that one
Of the greatest grievances and draw
backs to the farmers of North Caro-
lima is what is known as the mortgage
and crop lien SYSTEM" it would have
agreed entirely with the principle
"That the practice of delivering mort
gagged crops to merchants as soon as
they are gathered, to be sent by them
w loCdiU LldI MUS W Oc SOlu W pay
for goods or fertilizers, is ruinous to
the farmer and ought to be abolished"
But when the resolution goes on to
say (Which is the offspring of the
present homestead law" it i%ncorpor-
ates an error which ought to be elm
mated.
The mortgage and crop lien system
is not the child and offspring of the
present system; on the contrary, it is
the double-headed hydra which drew
its coils around the homestead law in
It's infancy and crushed out it's young
life before it grew to dispense its
blessings among the people. Let us
suppose that the Legislature had made
it a misdemeanor to give, accept, or
register a mortgage or a crop lien on
homestead. The first effect of such
a law would have been to develop
honesty among the people Under
such law a man would have as much
credit as his character would give him
and no more.
1t is said that fish in subterranean
waters, cut off from light, have no
eyes. So in the moral world. If there
is no demand for honesty, there will
not be much of it. A second effect
would be that the farmers would have
saved for themselves that large per
cent which the merchants have made
by takinglcrop liens and mortgages,
and instead of the depressed mortgaged
agriculture which we now see, we
would have all around us an indie
pendent, unmortgaged, s~elf-re}iant
class of farmers.
The homestead is the hope of North
Carolina. The church, the school and
the nome are the three great moral
educators OF the people, and the home
Is not ,the least important of the three.
/ would class the homestead with the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-02-02
THE HORNS ARE BOUND TO co.

The Westtown On. W farm and
garden club, n Of the best in the
State, appointed a committee of three
conservative prudent farmers e.. B.
Halsey, H. D. Decker and NJ. II. G.
Gardner) to practice dehorning on
vicious animals. Having done their
duty the cammittee report in a way
that will win many advocates for de
horning, as follow, as reported in the
Orange County Fdrher::
Bulls that were supposed to be
trusty and gentle, SO that no precau-
tions were taken, have suddenly and
without a moments warming, turned
upon their owners or some members
of the family and very seriously mai
med them or Sent them to al untimely
graves. The club having learned that
d~eho1ning was quite extensively prac-
ticed in the west and that it is a hu-
name way of depriving an animal Of
his formidable weapons, sent to H.. II.
Baaff, the originator Of dehOrning for
the necessary tools and instructions.
Walter Manning invited your COM
mittee to dehorn a vicious COW. The
club resolved to attend and witness
the operation, TO see whether it was
cruel or humane to saw Off an ANIMALS
horns. All the officers Of the club
and members to the number Of II
were present. NJ. C.. Gardner was APP
pointed to use the saw in all the oN-
periments. The horns of this animal
were quickly removed and she be
trayed no pain whatever after the OPP
Grafton. The blood she shed did not
exceed half a gill. She was at once
put in a box stall and all present were
amazed to see her eat feed as though
nothing had happened. This COW was
in milk and is doing well. j. B. Hal
sey shortly after had a VICIOUS COW de-
horned, with the same result. She is
now the gentlest COW in the dairy.
The club hen met at Mr.. Gardeners
to the number Of u dozen, and wit
messed the d%ehorning of a valuable
Holstein bull and an ugly COW, cspe-
cially so when children were near her.
lney Oled nothing to speak OF, and
did eat feed Immediately, and showed
no pain whatever afterwards. Those
present were jubilant at this success.
Gideon Q. Lain then had his fine Hol-
stein bull dehorned and he ate feed at
once. The same day E. Y. r. Gard
ner had his registered belted bull de
horned, with the same results as the
others. These gentlemen report, after
a lapse of two weeks, that their bulls
are doing splendidly, and would not
nave the horns back for any reason
able amount Of money. Such also is
the report Of all the n of the de-
horned cattle. Your committee, in
view of the above investigation, will
cheerfully assert that deharning is safe
and humane; that horns must go, par
ticularly those on bulls and vicious
cows.-Fd7m and Home.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-02-02
Total for salaries


The bill appropriating $3.50, 900 to
carry out the provisions of the Hatch
experiment station was passed in the
House of Representatives at Washing
ton on Jan. 18th without a simple dis
senting voice. Some ~disgruntled lob
byists had made strong efforts to pre-
mi it's passage, but the reading in the
House of dispatches from State grange
masters and other influential parties
dispelled all opposition. This act will
doubtless be Immediately passed in the
Senate and approved by the President.
Under it the appropriation Of $1,000
annually to each State and Territory
will date from Oct. /, 1887. SO that
the first installment paid to each State
institution designated to receive the
same will be $500 for the two quar-
ters ended March 80. 1888. This
money will be available the moment
President Cleveland approves the bill
after it's enactment in the Senate.
Thus the stations will be able to be
gin active work at once. and we may
expect much to be accomplished
through them. They have had six
months to consider the matter and
plan for the work required by the bill.
Now that the money is available, there
is no excuse for its misappIication.
Efforts in any State or Territory to
divert this appropriation from the
legitimate purposes Of agricultural ex-
perimentation will be exposed with
relentless fearlessness, and will
jeoparadize future appropriations for
this work in all the States. The
money is to be voted annually by
Congress, and to get it every year the
stations have got to do their very best.
They will be put on their mettle. This
is the best OF all safeguards against
abuse OF the trust.-Fdym and Home.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-02-02

judge correctly of the merits of a
didates for Office, their efficiency after
electedA and then to cooperate with
them in\the execution of the law, that
it may be respected, order maintained
and society improved.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-02-02
THE FARMERS ON THE INTER-
NAL REVENUE.

We are indebted to The PROGRESS
I'VE FARMER for the full proceedings Of
the \. G. Farmers Association in con-
vention assembled at Greensboro
which we will notice from time to time.
Today we publish the declaration Of
principles adopted by the Association
and will follow this with others selec-
tions from the proceedings. The elev-
enth declaration is in these words:
"The internal revenue system is
contrary to the wishes of the people
and ought to be repealed
Yes, it is contrary to the wishes OF
the people for several reasons. Tax
gatherers for local, county AMI State
purposes are about as many office
holders as the people want among
them In that line, and the money gath
cred by these internal revenue collect
ors goes out of the State never 70 re-
turn.
The proceedings show that the Asso-
citation is controlled by wise heads.
From the beginning of the President 5
address down to the motion to adjourn
there is a vein Of common sense, mar
ked by intelligence, found in few con
ventions Of this kind.-NeeCberne
JOurn0I.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-02-02

Here is the way Americans spend
their money. 1t is estimated that we
make the following expenditures an
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22
THE history OF specTAcLes
What They Arc Mado Of and How i"''
Arc To lie FITTED and Worn.

4
The honor and credit of pointing out I'M
benefit Of glasses in aid OF defective VISION oe
long TO ROGER Bacon, who lived from i2ll u
| r2g3. Spectacle5 were actually invented
about the year I2s0 A. d., and certainly theJ
were made previous TO the year lJii' Luz
man who r,onferrci this great benefit on
suffering humanity was Alexander bpihn'
monk Of Pisa, who died III l3IJ.
In the early progress Of the art the spec
tacles made wero rude and crude, and tho
glaSs,s wero rough, though they rendered
great aid 10 the afflicted. At the present
time n reputable optician can, by successive
experiments, discover the actual defect OF
the eye, and by prescription furnish gas
that will 50 aid the sight rs TO make the
human csc and glass together serve the duty
Of perfect eyes This perfection III tho
means of assistance is due TO the experiments
and inventions Of Or. Giraud, of Paris, and
Dr. SchefIlcr. The former scientist promul-
gated the doa end the latter practically put
the theory in operation.
Ono Of the greatest philosophers Of all ages
earned his scaaty livelihood rs n lensmaker.
Wo refer to the celebrated Daruch Spinoza,
who w1J accommodated by the Jewish
church Ct Ar,escrdam for what the rabbis
termed his hcTcc.es. There is no exact age
at which cithc- r,cl CT women may need the
use oi spectacle, bu5 g nan usually will need
some aid - hi5 natural vision after tho age
Of ~, and c uorlcl after the age Of TO-
A mistake collUonly EGdc b. near sighted
people is j, vc1rinS The saao GlcScj for all
-. Z ~
s:t-aiEir,: thc &C. Two cctJ Of g,cs5oS are
aosolu.cly rccdcd, cGch differing widely from
tho othc- il focus. Another popular mistake
IS l. TIC ca-c.cSlcsl wiz, when The glasses
are yus upo2 tao face. TO obtain the full
bc1cG5 OF S,a15cs they must be 50 set upon
Tho fcco that TIC center Of the glass comes
directly in front O. TIE pupil OF the eye II
il yCry curious that people who arc so fastid-
iol5 e. 70 tho exact IT Of n coat or dress
chould boco careless Of the appearance Of a
.Ci.-5 or TIC eye VIXEN the effects of the latter
arc o. - lluch greater importance.
Glascs are commonly ground with an
equal curve on both sidcs The material for
tEei- manufacture Is giasI, made specially
for Ire pI--0cc, ard rock crystal called
Brazilian lcll, Iho llitor Is less aFt 10
Io-'rac .....c..e. % Ginmod ~ thc atmos-
f5crc whcI co.as from q cold air intoa
warmer onc. g. cannot b. denied that tie
invention " s1ec,acies was one of the most
un'ul % the human family. They have a.ls-
1atel wore misery than all other human
agencies, toccuso there is 40 s1rr7" or aiiir-
q .c- To- T. 60 pared to tho loss OF sight, aud
0.. ..cr. 1l,.--lJ 60 inpairins Of sight Tho
-.-e..>r
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22

bo.en, y. j. is Subsequent n1st0rate5
were ia Naicrt0wn, Mas, and 10 Utica,
~ Y. Prom 1902 90 1868 ne was chaplain
Of the Mas achusetts state senate
IN 1872 Dr. Patton went Co New York
and purchased The American Baptist, an
anti-slayery paper, which had been cstab-
lshed in 1910 The name be changed to
The Baptist Weekly. and continued toedit
it till his death, Meanwhile he has writ
ten, kin Caid the Hero Missionary"
''rhe Losing and Taking of Mans Soul,
Light in the Valley" My Joy aud Ny
Crown, and many smaller tracts.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22

judge LoruC Collins taught thcpropris-
torofnhlch toned Clark street 'aumnt a
wh0'esons lesson IN common p1.iong,i tho
other day Tho judge, after lulcfIrg
stopped o. tho desk t1 pay hi3cloct Tho
proprietor himself Unopened a. io o. 1i
thedess. Ohio uIge-Uh1, b. tL0 vny uas
unknown t1 tao r,staurautour- laid down %
g. gold p..ea The rcs'almuieIr to0s % up
looked o. asit ho suspe tel DO 90 o. bogus
dropped DO twice ou the desk to mako DO rur,
and th.u hand a out the change. which col-
sisted oi thr.o silver dollars and sama ltto
stuff TIC judge, without word or a
change of expression, took up tho thr.9 s'yw
dollars one 90 u time, looked at them caro-
fully on ono side, then ON the other, and
rang each OF them on tho dak heavily
Then, s5 II ho were quite satisfied ~ their
genunencss, be dropped them into his pocset
and walked out, remarking as b. opened tbs
door: "llo might have examined il some
where besides under my very nose. Chi
cagO News
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22

Tie Wos . very sccly looking tramp, and
he went into = "bcan foundry" from the
Nassau trcCt side With Cg.gcriny lips
he told the cashier a. thccnl &C ttclrint-
ire bar n story Of hardship and pr.yation
that would have melted q heart Of stone.
The cashier t0!i one Oh the walters % give
him q big cup of coffee and some hot
cakes. lie ate SD raycnously and was SO
pr0fu,c In his thanks that che cashier
gave him quarter whcrc~ith TO secure .
nights lodging. lie then departed and
the cashier Just had sufficient time 10 feel
good over his charitable work, when n
familiar figure came down the Other en-
trance. IL was the same tramp Going
up TO the cashiers desk, he appeared
somewhat startled by the resemblance 10
the man who gave him the quarter.
Nothing dismayed, however. by the strik-
ing similarity, be laid the quarter on the
counter and asked for a drink OF whisky.
The cashier seized the quarter and or
dered two Of the walters 10 ''lay hold, "
which they did with vengeance, and the
tramp found himself on the sidewalk
As he gaBed renectiyely at the waters
he gasped: cts a blame mean trick to
have two entrances TO one place and con-
fuse poor man. New York Evening
Sun.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22

Warml thoroughly Appreciated tho in-
rortlne' o. GOOD cookery. He made 800. 600
aut oi als skill as u caterer and hc sent his
.,l, 20 Paris 10 De educated under the From @
.aaf- There sea that his method 81 maxim,
beef tea tls been patented and This came g.
OBJ. ears of the public during the sickness VI
Garfield No.mley Furnished an the food
which Garfield ate during his sickness at
Washington, and the dying president was
able io retain this beef tea whom be could
a.cpupthiug else upon his stomach Wormlcy
mad. DO by taking the best OF tendcrlom
steak Cut th.cs and freed from bone. This
b. broho. slightly over a hot fire, and then
ng. ID into steel press, which, by mean, 0I
g .,ycr squeezed all the juice cut of It, This
juice was tho pure nutrimcnt of thc t.el,
ard s'asmel and heated 10 made both an
l.pe.y.nc ard q nourishing food.
Gart..i, by the way, was soneH hat
troubled 3J dyspepsia, and he had flyoiitc
way Of eating potatoes. De Liked them
baked % tam, old had them brouch. uuoa
The table with tae.r skins bIrtcl. TIkirs
tlc,a bob from ,hc dish he would squeeze the
maly iutiles oIt upon bis plate. add pinch
ol sat and "a 5li-ht shaze OF pepper and over
Che mix uy, he would pour the riches, OK
Jersey cream, mixing this together So that i.
formed thick paste. lie ate DO with great
-ltl. ca,iilg 10 "a dish Nc for the gods-
t1uk a. Carpenter i'm New York World
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22

Ir.-0N o. four Cl.-aUel conceived the il'1
o- cr --.-l1- tco visitors with .mu5lc. 1 0r
else thought trey would drive them Ola. hy
making udo2fm.ns din which would lave
E.4.. o:on % o..1a r,.aup in protest S-
pe.l,d irol llo c-i..-; hy apiece of tarrel
.a-r .ll wls a0rs OF metal drum. made oi
...~., e,ret copper It was about two feat 30
c.rea.,l rn.cc and had a rim about s.v inches
b-ool ~. ono of the johns p0uudeI With
% ANAL Elmlcr Another took a drum n
.lc same size and made like "a nail fes-on.y
.f finer workmanship, " coure-which Was
rci ~ 90 thick piece of rnRhIdo Tho
acai was lacked on with - doubia row of hob
rl. and 44s frightened hy driving pieces ot
Nnrl under TIE edge OF the head and break
.rg tlem ci The drummers took mp $50
short sticks, which be used as deity as tho
ba s .rummnr &C an orchestra uses his STICKS.
Another took q drum, made of pieces of raw
ui f. tacsoi DIP "a frame shaped like q Dutch
llal of bread, and placing 10 on q peculiar
upport he began pounding, too. Another
u2ed a little copper drum, about four inches
ig circumference. made like the large one
suspended from the ceiling, and pounded at
ii with o. llt,le hammer
Blt here came the worst feature Of an 4
.tle Weazenel faced Chinaman seized pair
Of -ymbal as large as the head OF ilonr
barrel and banged them together VITA
uction worthy of q better cause The effect
added TO the drums that were being beaten
can better bo imagined than described II
Hls imply appalling and made ones brain
rattle. This was kept up for some time,
despite Size captains growl, "Oh, shut up
tlat noise His protest VAS met with a ma-
i.c.4us grin. which convinced the reporter
chat tho orchestra had not conceived the idea
TO-. lm ing The yisitor,-Now York World
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22

4 Tio,d for Crock

met % New Yorker thcothcr Gay down
~ Seneca street. end cs we were pass ng
wen known hotel Dc suddenly stopped,
locksi iuto the windows for moment,
and then insisted ON Soins inside lie
sized up the Guosts that were IN the room
and then made careful examination Of
the register His proceedings were a
rebus 10 me, but as soon Is we were on
the street again he made the matter plain
look here lie began, If | had that
place in New York just as you see it here,
it would be worth money 10 me | could
sell that place 70 steerers for good pre-
MUM. 1t is one of the richest fields for
crooks that ever saw. Three fourths Of
the men in that room are wealthy farmers
and men from the country towns who are
here on business and don't want TO put
up at high priced house. 1t is just the
kind Of place where the crooks do their
slckest work and find their easiest vic
tins. You will find the same crowd Of
respectable, well TO domen here every day
in the year, and Buffalo must be wei
watched or that hotel would have fur
nished you some good news long before
this. buffalo News.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22
There have scca cas,s Known when miners, VIII.

There have becn cases Known wherr miners whe
came OUT ~ n. Nd Of tire month ahead OF the rent
a-i The store bills, r.cre forced to lie idls until
their families consumed the balance due them.
There have been cases where miners, who re-
fused 70 pay unjust rcs or Ia tra1o o. tho conf
pany's store, were discharged and blacklisted, 70
that they could not obtain employment. In other
mines Of the ncighborho0y.. The law Of the state
IL powerless % preveE, the Illegal exactions Of
the corporations.
How then does the miner manage to
iive9 A quotation from the same source
as the above will be Of interest rs answer
ing this question.
The best paid men receive, say. So a month
Out o. this he must Tsly for rent, clothing and
food The prices Of living are high Rent ranges
from 81 70 81 q month. The laborcr who re-
ceises not more than 2i2 q month ms: pay -
for rent. He has g left for clothing, food, mcdi
cal Attendance and othes nsccsSaries ~ life. The
miner who receives more mus, pay from q 70
$40 more than = pcr cent. OF his whole income
AID what kind q houses do they have for The
money host Of them aTs shantisi, compared
with which tho dwellings, Of the squaiter5 in tho
northern par Of the city are comfortable homes.
Two rooms and q kitchen arr the best accomino-
da;ioas tha, a coal company can afford % build
for rs workmcn; FOR the companies are tho land
lords, and take back IN the form Of rent about
onc-qiartcr Of tho small wages that they ray TO
their men and boys. When a strike or q shut
dOwn comes this rent becomes payable in advance,
and ii a rent day passes without payment, the
.,nan: Is dspos5rssed
Eyictions are taking place ever day in The
Pennsylvania mountains that are ~ cruel rs those
which, occurring II Ireland excite the indigna-
lion II civilized people Throughout the world
Unmarried miners live in huts no larger than The
bathing houses at Il second class watering place.
The bost 81 the houses are Cnpaiutc1, the neigh
borhO0d il always vile. tho children must b.
brought up and educated amid the worst Lind Of
associations OF course do not speak Of model
vla,e5 Of which there are some, but Of the
average mining village, where the houses are put
up by The company OF proprietor, end Uhero ne
business Of renting them Is part Of ihc general
business Of grinding the souls and bodies Of
human beings into profits end dividends.
This article les not to do with the right
or wrong Of the present strike in the coal
region Every reader must form his own
opinion from the facts as set before him
from day 20 day H. the various news re-
ports that are s,n, out
Another strike and one more interest
ing in some rcsp'cts, though without the
element of far reaching consequences
possessed DIS the coal strike, is tie strike
Of thread sq.aHers 40 keauE a little
New Jersey town.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22
xlnlel TO ncallle ON Nalne..

JOHNNIE, 81 br.sl. boy Of 6yeaIs, while be-
l5 lx.l up for school, obseryng his little
otGroat mucA the worse for wear, and hay
IN. ml~' mendcd places than be admired,
.lrleI quickly 90 h.s mother and asked her:
-da, :, pa rich"
"Gcs, very rich, Johnnie. lie is worth
$50 millions aud half
"Wh4. in, ma"
"Oh be- values you AZ one million, me at a
million and baby at half million"
Johnnie, after thinking a moment, said:
Ma, tell pa - sell the baby and buy Us some
clothe. New York Evening World.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22

Tits hlaw continued about twenty min
Utcs. them the crane WAS SWING round
and tuc lad-c lowered into Oh pitt ~ thc
side Of on, converter, Tie air blast was
stopped and tine glowing globe swuu.
s'o,.ly on lis axis until It's mouth was al
mo.t on 20 level with On ground Men
hurried forward and ag.Htcl the metal
With % aolier, then the converter turned
% little further and the molten steel began
% low I'm blue white stream into the
iIdlc. This swung round until twas sus-
rcuded over the gun mold. the valve was
opened, the liquid steel poured into the
mold and the c8siing Was ended Tho
whole process occupied forty three min
utCs
\ week is the time required for so great
q mass of metal 60 cool, during which
time IL remains in the mold. and when it
is taken out tie boring begins The gun,
when completed, viii weigh five and p
hall tons, i,s total length being l93.53
inches, the velocity If its project.ic 1900
icct per second, ald tie pressure mcham-
Der fifteen tons.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-01-22
A TICKET OF LEAVE Man.
Harry Benson, Who Swindlcd tho Me1i
cans, and His Remarkable Career.

Harry Benson. Who Swindlcd tho mexi
cans, and His Remarkable Career.
The theatrical people Of the city Of New
York, Nine. Adalini Patti, the singer,
and not a few Mexicans Of high ard low
degree are in n state of rare delight.
For the man who in 1886 perscnated
Marcus r. Mayer, in the City OF Mexico,
and thereby disposed Of a large number
OF bogus tickets to PATHS performances
in the capital Of the sister republic Is
under arrest
And, what IS more toeyerybody's taste,
he is likely to receive the punishment he
deserves
His name is Harry Benson.
His career as swindler has been n
most remarkable one.
He was born in Paris little more than
two score years ago. His father was n
man of wealth and high commercial po-