Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1888-02-17
CALICO PRINTING.
The Nader style of Applying the Colors to
the Cloth.

which communicate fbrous down or
nap to the surface of the cloth, and if
allowed to remain, would interfere
with the uniform application of the
colors. The surface down is got rid of
by the process of smuggling, during
which the cloth is drawn over a red
not iron or copper bar, or plate. or
through series of gas Jets. When
well singed the cloth undergoes the
process of bleaching, and is thereafter
caendered. There are several modes
of applying the colors to cloth, only
one of which, termed the madden style,
we have space to describe.
The madden Style is that in which a
certain fixing agent or mordant is
| printed on the cloth, which is then in
troduced into the coloring matter, in
a dye-vat, when the mordant, having
an attraction alike for the fiber of the
cloth and for the coloring matter, acts
the part of glue or paste, and cements
the color to the cloth. Originally,
madden was the only coloring substance
employed in this style; but nowadays
| by far the greater number of dye-stuffs,
vegetable and animal, including cochl-
neal, logwood, ETC., are attached to
| cloth in this manner The fixing agents
or mordants generally employed are
different strengths of red liquor (ace-
tate of alumina), iron liquor (acetate
of iron), and mixtures of these. These
are thickened with wheat-starch, po-
| tato flour, roasted starch or dex trine,
| and gum-arabic, so that the mordant
may not run when it is placed on the
cloth by the pattern-block or by the
printing machine. After the mordant
has been imprinted on the cloth, the
latter is hung in a warm, airy room,
where it can easily dry, but where it is
at the same time surrounded by
moist atmosphere. The result is, that
the mordant is decomposed, the acetic
acid is evolved, and the alumina or
iron is left attached 30 the fiber of the
cloth in the state of an insolube sub
salt, which can not be dissolved by
water.
AS some of the mordant is still left
in its original soluble condition, it is
necessary to wash the cloth free from
this, else, during the dyeing operation,
the soluble part of the mordant would
run on to those parts of the cloth not
intended to be colored, and thus pro-
duce blotted appearance. To obviate
this, the cloth, having undergone the
process of drying and ageing, is then
introduced into vat containing water,
through which is diffused some cow
dung, dung substituted preparation
of bone ash, sulphuric acid, carbonate
of soda and glue-or bran. The result
of this process of dunging is the re-
moval of the soluble part of the mord-
ant, as also the starch or thickening
agent, leaving the decomposed or in
soluble mordant adhering to the fiber.
The terms dung-ixing, substitute-fixing
and bran-fixing have reference to the
employment of one or other of these
agents at this stage of the operation.
When tie cloth has been we'll washed
from the dunging, it is introduced into
the vat or dyc-beck containing the
coloring matter. The whole is heated
by steam pipes, and the cloth being
placed on a spared reel kept in motion,
is repeatedly wound out of the vat, and
returned thereto. The result is, that
wherever the mordant adhered to the
cloth. the coloring matter is attached
thereto, and little or no trace of color
adheres to the unmordanted parts.
The last operation is the clearing or
Frightening, during when the colored
cloth is introduced into warm baths of
water containing soda, or for the more
delicate tints, bran, and is thereafter
acted on by weak acid solutions. The
object is to clear the colors, and at the
same time to confer upon them the
property of resisting the fading action
| of the air and sun for a much longer
| time. The different shades of color which
| can be obtained from the same madden
| beck or vat, with different NOR
| dants, is very numerous, and includes
reds, lilacs, puppies, chocolates and
blacks. Thus, when a weak solution
of red liquor (acetate of alumina) is
employed as the mordant, a light-red
tint is produced; with stronger am
minous mordant, a deep red is formed
on the cloth; with more or less dilute
solution of iron liquor (acetate of iron),
the cloth is colored lilac, violet or pur
pie; with a strong solution of iron
liquor, black is obtained. Indeed, the
same piece of cloth stamped ip differ
ent places with the various strengths
of aluminous and iron mordants, and
mixtures of these, and immersed in the
madden bath, will be obtained dyed
with all the shades mentioned; and in
this manner many of the beautiful
variagated colored dresses and hand
kerchiefs are prepared for market
OHIO Farmer.
Twelve Rules for Schools.
In school work we should require,