Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1888-10-24
MAN, KNOW THYSELF.
The Structure Of the Skin, Hair.
Teeth and Nails.
A Fun Description OF the Functions and
Relations of the Tegumentary Sys-
tsm-Composition OF the Teeth,
Nerves and BIoOd-VesseIs.

not endeavor to surround ourselves with
beautiful faces as welli Can there be more
enjoyment in regarding chair or dish than
in looking into the face of mani
see one enthusiastic about work OF art.
The next day hear him say he cares not
how a man looks, provided he has brains.
How far is such a one from understanding
the true mission of the beautiful
Intellectual strength and goodness are
beauty Of one sort; personal charms of an
other. The one is beauty latent, ready TO
take form at any moment; the other beauty
living, shining in every place and at every
minute. Both serve a common purpose:
that Of making life more happy because
more full of beauty. Let US then have the
beauteOus mind in the fair body.
The documentary system consists Of the
SKIN. hair, halls and teeth. IL may seem
strange that the latter should be included
under this name But during the develop
ment Of the organism the teeth are derived
from the same structure as the skin. The
lntcgJment IS divisiO.e into two portions
the skin proper Or "true skin and tho
cuticie or scarf-s.dun The utcle simply
forms thin cover for the true slliB. u is
composed OF several layers which grow
moro hard and scaiy az thcy approach 'ho
surface The urperu0st stratum ls being
continually worn away, and It's elements re-
placed as continually by new ones from De
low. In one 81 these layers OF tie cutie. e. is
found the pigment of the skin. This exists
iu rreutcr or loss quantity boz sal Individuals,
hgt H. partieisEA, abundant .u dark races
iae true al .u is made up of flrels tissue,
quito dsuac ODD teEurc near She gr.io.c but
loser m tle deeper portions. It sends %
cr,1t many Alger-ika projections called
papillR up into the scarf-sxin; in these re-
sides the sense Of touch.
Under the true skin lies the common CON
nective tissues of the body. 1t is in this
latter that we find embedded the long hairs
and the sweat glands.
A hair has a root, shaft and point.
The root IS the little whitish portion seen at
the end Of a hair when it il pulled out. 1t
is lodged i'm a little pit in the skin called tho
follicle The shaft is the part of the hair
projecting above the skin. Nearly all the
cOlOring matter is present in the shaft, the
amount and kind Of pigment determining
the color Of the hair. The point of a hair Is
smoother and finer than that of the finest
needle made by the hands of man. The
sweat glands are SIMPLY minute tubes at
first coiled many times on themselves, then
running sprally through the cuticle to
terminate as pores on the surface. Besides
these, there are other glands connected
srith the skin, called sebaceous glands.
/ These are nothing but little sacs imbedded
in the true skin and opening either INTO a
/ hair folllclc or on the surface of the cuticle
| They secrete an oily material, the sebum,
which is fluid at the temperature of the
body, but congeals rapidly when exposed TO
the air. The glands which form the ear-wax
are large glands of this kind.
/ BlOOd-vessels aud nerves are supplied to
the SKIN in abundance They are found in
D hf l.1s
nerve fibrils. The former give nour1shment
/ 10 all the documentary structures, while
/ the latter are tue seat OF the various sensa-
] tons proper 70 the skin. Some of the nerve
/ hbrils end in the papill9 of the true skin by
complicated little knobs, which appear TO be
| the organs of touch.
/ The nails are implanted by their roots in
groove of the skin. They adhere firmly
TO the skin below at every point except the
/ free edge. A nail grows both from the root
and from its under surface. The nails as
| well as the hairs are in reality nothing but
J horny accommodations OF the elements COM
/ posing the cuucle.
Each tooth consists of three parts; q
crown, neck and root 1t is composed
chiefly of ivory or dentine, which differs
/ from ordinary bone both in its structure
and the proportions Of its chemical con-
stituents. The crown of the tooth is the
/ portion projecting above the gums. II ter
/ inmates in one or more points termed cusps,
and is covered by the hard, compact enam-
| ell. The neck is the CONSTRUCTED part Of the
| tooth Immediately below the crown The
roots are firmly fastened by from one to
! five fangs within spaces in the bones of the
/ jaw. They are covered by cement or
crust, which nearly resembles true bone.
The nerves and blood-vessels enter the tooth
through little oriice at the point of the
fang and pass through a minute canal TO a
cavity situated in the interior. This cavity
contains a soft pulp which IS very vascular
and exceedingly sensitive.
Various and important are the Offices
which all these structures perform. The
skin. in the first place, constitutes the cX-
tensive and secure covering Of the body
. IL prevents undue loss Of the heat and fluids
of our system and protects US from multi
tude Of hurtful influences. BY variations
IA the amount of blood in the skin warmth
may be drawn TO the surface, there to be
di-aip1fcd or retained in internal organs
where more heat il needed. This explains
r-.at is mrlut lv Che expressions flushed
w.l hel..' and l.au~Ioj with cold"
llnu griup rrrpua 1l, ov IFS evaporation.
ira 81 ge..ve agru- iu cooling the oret-heated
.r-n m. THUS the SKIN IS mos useful
AND Caicicut regulator OF The bodily tau-
qarItUrc The sweat glands rll as of o.
large quantity OF superluous water and Of
some OF the waste products OF OR economy.
Animals which have bceu covered with au
iuparmclhi1 vlruish soon dIc, showing hoyg
Important Il. the function OF these utIe
glands. Tho scbJcc1us glands luDr.cate the
s.lla and hairs, making tl-u soft aud pla-
bic. Tlr h'ars serve mainly for proteci ion.
Tho bruws prevent the pers pird,ion from
trckiing into the eyes. The lashes shade
the eyes and protect them from dust. In
furious friction and the evaporation Of
moisture on the surface of the skin itself are
prevented by the body hairs. The beard
Sits the air of floating particles When
large, 1t may be quite comfortable cover
/ ing TO the possessor. The hair of the head
secures the domicile Of reason against both
summers heat and winters cold Shape
and frmncss are given by the mails to the
I ends Of the fingers and toes. Much Of the
T dizziness OF the former is owing TO their
+ presence. The use OF the teeth we have all
/ learned without tuition