davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-07-16
III UDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT.
d DAY LINE STEAM Frs.
TO NEW-HAVEN. 75c.


EXCURSION (gooa days. 81 IS
Steamers c. III. NORTHAM and CONTINENTAL leays
Peck Slip. Pier 25 +. T.. 3 D. and IL n. Sundays
d. New Haven with special
for MER1DEN, HARTFORD. SPRINGFIELD, HOLY.
OKE, &c. Through tcFets sold and baggage checked
944 Broadway New.York. and Court.st. Brooklyn.
FALL RIVER LINE
FOR BOSTON, NEWPORT. FALL RIVER PROV
lDENCE and all Eastern points.
DOUBLE SERVICE RESUMED
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-07-16

COTTON-The spot market was dull at unchanged quo
tatiens Sales, 20 bales oil for consumption Caoie ac
counts were easy In tone.
American standard OF classinca
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-07-16
TOLEDO, PEORIA G. WESTERN R. R. CO.

Notice hereby given that certificates issued bv the
First Mortgage Bondhoders Committee OF the Toledo.
Peoria and Western Eilio1d Company represent assets
that might the hands Of the committee after
organiy1tCn will be- redeemed at the office Of MORAN
BROTHERS, 40. OS Wiiliam-st.. Ncw-lork City, and
after July fSSS by ne payment Of 81 20 each Of the
bonds deposited FOR purchase Of the road.
CHARLES MORAN. Chairman.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-07-16
STEAMBOATS,

A LBANY BOATS. PEOPLES LINE
"A Steamers DREW and DEAN RICHMOND leave
Tier Al. North River, foot Of Canalst, at T. VI. daily
Sundays eNcepte! Leave BrCoAyn Annex at . p, NJ.
Making direct connections at Albany for all points East
and West; also with Z 200 A. ~ Special Express 70,
Saratoga, Lake George Lake Placid, SaaDac Lake. Paul
Smiths and all points moth, arriving day.
Tickets and baggage checked destination. ght re-
ceived unti the hour Of departure.
A TROY BOATS, lighted throughout by
"A. electric lights connect With special express. trains for
PLACID all Adirondack ami other points DT.LAW ARE
AND HUDSON or FITCUBURG Railways Steamer
foot Chrstopher-st, daily except saturday Sunday
steamer touches at Albany
MGu tMEAfHs A The 1a Route
CATSKfLL EVENING LINE. steamers KAATERS-
KILL and CATSKILL leave every week day az o. D. IN.
from foot q n r. c9nnestng with Catsk;l Noun;
TO pier address w. ]. HUGHES CatskiiL ". Y.
s,I.LAN ~. rI,nN n L
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-07-16

Through parlor reclining chairs between steamers
landing and Narraganset Pier without extra charge.
Baggage checked through Steamers leave New Pier 80,
North River one block above Canaist.. at n daily.
eycent Sunday.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-07-16
For Bows and YOUNG Men-City

I'VE BERLITz SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES.
i WEST MADISON SQUARE N ".
Omen all Summer. Also Seaside Summer Course
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-07-16

CIIcULARs Schools. both sexes city, and country
" Circuiis schools supplied parents. MIRIAM coy
RIERE, 81 East 18th ST. between 4thave ana Broadway
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Coed Society" IN New York.

According to remark asserted to have
been recently made to a reporter, the social
elect in the city of New York comprise about
four hundred persons In other words. that
is the mystic number Of society" or, as they
are now often called, society people" The
word classics" is applied to certain works Of
literature because they are of the first class,
or class by distinction-class, indeed. SO SD
perior that other classes are not mentioned.
ECLIPSE first, and the rest nowhere" So
with the enhancing word society" It de-
scribes circle so separately remote, so loftily
apart from all other circles, that it absorbs
and exhauSts the name
You may have the most accomplished and
delightful friends and in witty, refined and
charming intercourse the golden hours with
them may pass, but-"woe is me, Alhamaw
If they are not counted among the chosen
400, they do not belong 30 society,"" and your
fate is outer darkness and wailing and gnash-
ing Of teeth. II 400 or 1900 of us want to
feel that noblesse ohdge, let as not try 70
oblite-ate from history Grandpa Grocer. but
remember that the descendant OF that worthy
need not hang his head before the heir OF
Right Hon Sir William Kidd. nor Of any
Norman freebooter and courtier who came
over with the earlier Willan.-George VIII
liam Curtis in Harpers Magazine
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Moderation in Athletic rrainin,.

The means to be adopted for the attain
ment Of robust health are cleanliness, regu-
larity Of habits, moderation in diet, exercise,
preferably in the open air, in accordance
with the capacity of the individual and ma
ture OF the contest, and abstinence from
strong drinks and tobacco If man trains
simply to improve his health he does so more
Or less moderately; If for contest, more or
less strictly In accordance with the impor-
bance Of the event A man can do either
without trainer If he has an ordinary
amount OF common sense and will power
The man who simply desires to live in a
round, healthy condition should follow these
rules, modifying them slightly. according to
Age or physique:
Get up not later than 2 a. m, sponge and
rub yourself with a coarse towel until the
skin is red. Do not stop if perspiring, but
keep on till tired. 1t is good exercise Then
dress and take fairly long walk before and
after breakfast Walk to your place of bust
nesS Attend to work in the usual way, re-
sisting every inclination you may have to
give way to indolencs Walk home. Never
mind tho weather; little rain viii not hurt
you, and summer heat will not affect you when
you have done it long enough to do you good
Then have dinner, avoiding, as at your lunch
and breakfast, greasy, sweet, highly favored
Or seasoned food Water is the best thing to
drink. and that is better drank after finish
Ing your meal Take your time over dinner
in particular and other meals In general If
you have not time to get meal leisurely 60
without it. as it viii not injure you a quarter
rs much as it viii to eat It in q hurry.
Amuse yourself In the evening accordip<, 70
your taste, which, as you get healthier, will
incline to active rather than effeminate
amusementa Repeat the sponging and rub
bing, and go 70 bed before IL p. ma Aus
tinin Cleveland Leader
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
FisI,er,nen Sailing from Port,

As a rule a vessel goes on a fishing expe-
6ftion with some particular sort of prev in
view. A cod rig" will also serve for had
dock, but for hahbut stronger tackle and
bigger hooks are needed, while nackerel and
herring must be taken in nets Thus it is
Chat boats usually sail from port, eouipped
suitably for capturing single kind of fish.
to the netting or booking Of which each
craft devotss its exclusive attention For
halibut. paddock and the toothsome cod the
banks, hundreds Of miles out to sea. are
sought by the vessels Of from ninety to twice
that many tons burden, which spend there ss
many months a. are necessary to secure a
load or fare" as it is technically
called The system Of angling pursued bv
these "pot hunters" would scarcely obtain
the approval OF lovers of sport Lines a
mile or SO In length, with hooks attached at
six feet intervals, are anchored in the shall
lows over the banks with buoys of wood or
cork to mark them These "rawlsn--for SO
they arc designated-are set at night and in
the morning, every hook freshly baited with
. scrap IT fish, and twice In twentv-four
bours they are hauled up hand over hand by
men in dorles. who detach such victims as
are caught and renew the free lunch offered
to the scaiy FOUNDERS Of the ocean.-Boston
Cor. Nov Orleans Rcayuna
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
POPULAR BOSTON STORE

! ,age "A PoiuS pressed upon the message
cylinder as 1t revoived, caused the break
| ing OF the current each time that it
touched written ine-the ink employed
being metauic-and made a mark by
the receiving instrument corresponding to
just SO much OF the line as had been touched
But that was very slow process In the new
way an upright lever, so pinioned that it
moves freely in all directions, carries in its
top little cup. Into that cup the sender of
message pokes his pencil, and forms, one
after another, the letters composing his dis
patch. 1t will probably rattle him a little at
first to go on making shapes Of letters right
In the same spot, one over another, as if he
were piling up phantom Symbols and to see
none OF them materialze under his pencil.
but he will soon get used to that Each
movement of the levers lower end increases
or diminishes the strength of currents that.
acting upon the receiving machinery, move
the writing pen in such curved notifications
OF the right angled applications of the forces
as to conform to the motions of the trans,
uniting lever.
This must not be COMPOUNDED with the writ
ing system now so extensively employed in
transatlantic telegraphy to take the place of
the old, uncertain and slow light spot method
Of receiving cable messageA strong bat
terry cannot be used on ocean cables, but only
q small one, hardly stronger than that EN-
ployed to ring call bell in private house
To receive the signals sent by SO weak bat
terry very delicate apparatus must be pro-
vided- A siphon shaped glass tube, thin and
so slender that human hair will hardly
pass through it. is suspended with one end in
trough of very fluid ink and the other al
most touching moving telegraphic tape. 1t
is connected by q thread with coil of fine |
wire, which is SO hung near to a stationary
magnet that it viii twist slightly when at
tracted toward the magnet, and these slight |
movements Of the coil control the siphon,
causing it to trace faint waved line in re- |
spouse to the vibrations Of the signal current |
received by the coil and impelling it toward |
the magnet. Each wave of the line means a |
letter, and the expert operator reads the
thread of faint color as plainly and correctly
as anybody reads these printed words
SURPRISING THING.
It was at the time looked upon as a surpris-
ing thing when the practicability Of sending
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
REAL ESTATE.

The following are the transfers of real
estate filed in the recorders office yester-
day
c Z Barwise to L A Dennison lots
to is 10 to IS blk D II to II and 20
to SO blk CO to Is blk E and 80 to a
blk H Prospect Hill add. ....... $4,000
Arkansas Valley Town Co to e w
Eslinger lot blk 81 Goddard. 49,. 50
A P Houston to NJ r Clark lots 2 to
8 blk Penn'a add. 1000
B E Allen to c E Barwise lots 2 to Is
and l9 to 81 blk A to Il and 20 to
80 blk G 2 to Is blk Z and 50 to "A
blk H Prospect Hill add. ......... 10000
H NJ Davis to H WaIlenstein lots 81
and 80 Mildred st Davis add. 100
J L Nessly to A Mccormick lots 10
and u Mead ave Stovers add. ..... 1000
J r McQuawn to NJ Mclaughlin lot
2 blk 81 Mulvane. ........... $50
A Comings to J A Poore lots "a and
% 2nd stMapit Grove add. 1000
Westfa1I tie E r Barrett property
in Westfall's add to Valley Center 600
A Brown TO | n Haymaker NV 81
% w. $50. .-.--.. @oU
Z j Taylor to Katie Taylor lots %
and % blk Harris & Hatflelds sub 1000
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
WE MAKE OUR OWN PENS.
Rapid Growth OF tho Steel Pen Industry.
Interesting Statistics.

Every year the citizens of the United
States wear out 100 O0O. 600 steel pens. said a
prominent manufacturer to a reporter
Twenty years ago most of the steel pens
used In this country were imported Now
comparatively few are imported and there
are several factories in this country in which
they are made in large quantities At pres
ent the importation of foreign pens is mainly
confined to the high priced articles 1t was
first doubted that steel pens could be made
In this country, but 1t was soon learned that
the requisite skilled labor could be obtained
for high wages, and the success of the pio
neers led one manufacturer after another into
the business, until now the field is pretty
well occupied
Most OF the work on these little fnstru
ments Is done with the aid Of very fine ma
chinery worked by women and girls. The
steel used is imported. becaused it is believed
that the quality is more uniform than the
American steel This uniformity Of quality
is necessary, because Of the very delicate
temperlng required in the manufacture OF
the pens That mysterious quality Of steel
which gives different colors is quality that
requires expert manipulation ON the part of
the workman who does the temperinc, He
must know the nature of the material with
which he works. and with that knowledge he
must exercise a CELEBRITY and skill that seize
upon the proper instant to fasten the steel at
a heat which insures the requisite quality.
First. the Aeel is rolled into large sheets
These are cut into strips about three inches
wide These strips are anneaIed, that is
ehey are heated to a red heat and permitted
to cool gradually, so that the brittleness is
all removed, and the steel is soft enough to
be easily worked Then the strips are again
rolled to the required thickness 1t is the
quick eye for color and the quick hand that
fastens it that constitute the skill to deter
mine the ternpsy of the steel When the steel
Is heated for tempering it is bright The |
first color that appears is straw color. This
changes rapidly to blue. The elasticity of |
The metal varies with the color, and is ar |
'ested at any point by instant piunginy I'm |
'old water. The processes Of splitting, pol |
shing, pointing and finishing the pens are |
operations requiring dexterity. but by long
practice the workmen and woriSwomen be-
'ome very expert There have been few
hanges OF late years, and the process Of |
manufacture Is much the same as it WAS
wenty years ago. and the prices are rather
inform, ranging from twenty-five cents
0 one dollar per gross, according to
70 quality Of finish. The boxes sold gen
rally contain gross. the best now in the
market are of American make Writers
Eho buy foreign pens at fancy prices find
hem far inferior in durability to the Ameri-
an article Persons who write continuously
'iil wear out good steel pen in two days"
New York Mail and Express
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Dissolution Notice.

Notice is hereby given that the firm of
5. {. Heyman & Co., composed of S. c.
ing business at No. 152 North Main street.
Wichita, Sedgwick county, Kansas. in
millinery and notions, is dissolved. S c.
Heyman retiring, and the other member
Of the firm, l.. Alderman, succeeding to
said, business. The said l.. Acker-
man, assuming and to pay al
the lab lities of said firm and to
collect all credits and accounts due saia
firm. 5. G. HEYMAN,
l.. ACKERMAN.
The said L. Alderman, successor of the
above firm, announces to the public that
he intends to continue the same business
at the old stand and respectfully soliclts
former as well as new patrons for his share
OF their patronage. /. ACKERMAN.
d47-3t
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Work OF the Nicht Ovh.

Very much more Of the work of a CITY fika
New York than is imagined by the unthink-
ing tens Of thousands who lead conventional
lives Is done at hours which compel q faithful
and useful minority to sleep by day. Editors,
reporters, compositors, presslnen. electrotyp-
srA telegraph operators, bakers, policemen,
railroad employees and hundreds Of other oc-
equations must bring rest to their tired eyes
and weary limbs when most of the world is
awake and busy-thoaghtless too, with the
brutality OF the money pursuit and what may
bskaA those who are not as they.
Il Is true that majority Of the night owls
- home before 3 or O'Clock IN the morn
mg. but they are tired and nervous, not
saeepy. Who would be sleepy Immediately
amer leaving his work. How would bank
c1rk feel about resting at o'clock in the
stssrnoous They settle down in a conscien-
fsuus effort TO take the sheep that is as neces-
my - medicine to a sick man. and after an
hour or two Of tossing browse ot8-Nsw
Y@k Press, EVERY Day Talk.
No hair from . whine elepnanrs TN =
considered Of much value and in the old DAYS
Of The kings OF Burmah was enly given 10 the
mobiles and dignitaries At the kngdom.-Ssu
Tfsnoispo chrouleis
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12

The Chicago, Kansas & Nebraska rail-
way (St. Joseph d Iowa Railroad Co,
iesseel, Is the best equipped line west OF
the Missouri river. Our equipment was
built expressly for this line BY the Pull
man Palace Car Company, which is a guar
antee 10 the travelling public that il ~
strictly first class You will ind AL OF our
coaches elegantly Upholstered and very
comfortable ~ every particular II you
are going to any part of Kansas or Nebras-
ka, or TO any point east, Temem Der you will
never regret having started right, by tax
ing the Chicago, Kansas & Nebraska rail
way Brock Island Route) For further
particulars address Jno. Sebastian. G. T. q
Z. A, Topeka Kan so-tf
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
THE ENTERPRISE
100 E. Douglas Ave


Colorado and Utah excursion rates. COM
menclng April LIST, 1888 and continuing
sale until September S0th, 1855, unless 9th
erwlse advised. the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa te railroads will sell tickets To the
following summer resorts, viz: Denver
Colorado Springs, Pueblo and Trinidad for
SS3 round trip: Salt Lake and Ogden SIS 30
round trip, tickets good for three months
from date of sale with limit of thirty
days going and returning with stop-over
privileges. The Santa Fe is the only line
having morning and night trains to these
points, also the only stone ballast line be-
tween Wichita and Denver. Its bridges
are all iron and stone. making it the
smoothest. safest and most comfortable
route TO the west, besides saving from eight
to ten hours in time For further infor-
nation about side trips etc, call at Union
ticket office, ~ North Main street. Union
depot, Oak street and Douglas avenue sta
ton. w. d. MURDOCH,
119-tf Passenger Agent
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Sailing Through the E1ue.

How nice it will be when you are able TO
sail through the blue and call upon people in
other planets. Where did you 60 for your
honeymeoor I'VE went as far as Neptune
We stopped couple days in Venus The
hotels were so bad we pusned on." ''How was
the weather." I'VE passed thunderstorm
this morning abous ,00o, 900 miles I'D, COM
ing this way. They told US it would be here
this evening" "Row was the travelnyr
''The balloon cars are very well, but the con-
ductsrs are very rude Yes, like the eli
mate Of Mars, but wasn't n bot passing
Jupiserl Sasurue rings were rather pretty,
but on the whole disappointing. Fran
cisco Chronicle
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Dissolution OF Partnership.

The partnership heretofore existing I'M
der the name of Dunbar & Bearing, where
in Harry c. Dunba and George VI. Dear
ing were general partners in the undertak-
ing business at 235 North Main street
Wichita, Kan, is this lst day of July. 1888
dissolved by mutual consent. Said Harry
G. Dunbar will continue in the same bust
ness at the same stand, and will collect all
debts due the firm and pay AL firm
creditors. g. NJ. DEARING.
40 q HARRY c. DUNBAR.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
NEW THROUGH CAR SERVICE
Via. Colorado Short Line TO Pueblo aud Denver


Commencing today, Sunday April
solid trains composed OF coaches and Pull
yer, via the Missouri Pacific railway and
Colorado Short line Leave Kansas City
at $50 a. n. Train leaving Wichita at $50
D. NJ, connects with the train az GeneSeo,
Kan. For time tables, information and
reservation of sleeping car berths. call at
the city ticket Office, 127 Main street. or
depot Office, corner End and Wichita SIS.
T. T. BLECKLEY
diff Passenger and Ticket Agent.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Notice 70 Work Poll Tax

All persons who have been notified by
the undersigned 10 work Oh the streets as
per city ordinance, failing to appear at
the time and place specified in said notice,
Will on and after this date be prom pity
dealt with according TO Law, and warrants
for their arrest be issued against them
without further notice. J. y. STONE,
Street Commissioner.
Wichita, Kan. Nay IA, 1ssS. i54 tf
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
swab& Closer, Tailors. 2os Main ST.,
>

The c. z 81 n. Ry, Rock Island
Route, are now running the most elegan.
chair cars between Wichita and Kansas
City that are used in KansaS This is the
only line running chair cars on morning
trains to Kansas City. This is the only
line running chair cars through 70 Chi
cago. This is the only line running chair
cars 10 Topeka and 81. Joseph. This is
the great fine between Wichita and all
points north. east and south Call at No
20 Z Douglas avenue s-ts
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Fast Train to st. LOUIS and the East via the
Missouri Pacific ny

Composed of day coaches, elegant free
reclining chair cars, and Pullman sieepers.
leaves Wichita at lla5 a. IN runs
to st. Louis solid, arriving Their,
at $40 a. m, next day. This is three
hours quicker than any other line and the
only other line running both reclining
chair cars and Pullman sleepers from here
without change. City ticket Office
l21 Main street
f. f. BLECKLEY,
dl4otf Pass. and Ticket Agent
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12

Attorneys pocket dockets for sale At this
Office. Orders by mail promptly flied.
Address all orders TO the Wichita EAGLE,
Wichita Kan dsLtf
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
THE KANSAS cHAUTAUoUA ASSEMBLY
Held at TOPEKA, July Ich. to Ia.A Ineius,v.

The Atchison. Topeka & Santa Pe will
sell tickets july g. 10. II. Y, limited 80
July 9th for return. one fare for round
trip. - e. Reclining chair cars On ali
night trains. W y. Nurs4ock. pss-eE ger
and ticket agent. % North Nam stroe.
AMI Union defo, and Douglas avenue sta
ton. Is ~
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Don't BE Deceived.

You can buy OF us just as we advertise:
- lbs. graduated sugar, ST. il lbs extra
& sugar, 81; hams, 13c per pound; break
fast bacon, l2c: dry salt meat, 101lc: prunes,
SC; Arbuckle or Lion coffee at &C, and all
other goods cheaper than any house in the
state. John A. Jewett & Co, 107 East
Douglas. 46 81
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
READY AND FOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE
New and Important Book for Kansas
Lawyers.

Kansas Pleading and Practice in Civi
Cases with forms. by Irwin Taylor, of
the Topeka bar, author OF Brief Digest. "
Annotated Code" etc Octave, 600
pages, So net Sent postpaid on receipt OF
price. The WICHITA EAGLE.
Wichita, Kan.
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
Excursion Ra es to the Ohio Centennial Erposi-


ton
The Centennial Exposition of the Ohio
Valley. to be held at Cincinnati July sth TO
October 9th, with the exception OF the
National Centennial. will be the largest
ever held In the United States
Low Excursion Rates will be made by
lines entering Cincinnati and their connec-
tiOns. From ST. Louis and the West the
Ohio & Mississippi R'y is the only direct
through car route. BY This line those who
attend the g. A. X. National Encampment
at Columbus, Ohio, for which very low
rates will be made, and those going fart her
east 10 the different summer resorts c..n
stop over at Cincinnati and visit the Expo
sltion.
The o. g. Nj is the only through line, via
Cincinnati. by which this can be done.
For further Information address A. J.
Lyle. General Western Passenger Agent
o. & NJ. R'y, st. Louis, Mo. 33tf
Wichita eagle. [volume] (Wichita, Kan.) 1886-1890, 1888-07-12
fhre1gn Car Service. Wichita 10 Kansas c.
VIA the SANTA Fs kozs>.

The A.chtson, Topeka & Santa Fe have
nov in their night train service Leaving
Wichita at go ?. n. the latest and moxt
approved pattern Of free reclining chairs.
These cars viii be run daily II addition
20 this. Pullman service On morning train
from Newton, and through Pullman cars
daily on tie 80 p. M tran 20 ksrAas
City, Ato6ison and St. Joseph
w ID MrRcocE.
Pass and Ticket Agent. i22 North NAN
street. Union Depot aad Douglas avenue
station Gy7-tf