Los Angeles daily herald., 1888-01-22

vacant space tnub IOfmeu dOuDteOleSS
served to receive the thigh. Into
this upper part of the bronze were
Joined three or four iron pins, which
seemed to have served as attach
ments. In the "Annali' Rorbach
discussed the ruined temple OF Disna,
situated on the lovely shores of Lake
Nemi, which had been partly ex-
plored in the seventeenth century,
but has yielded new treasures
under the recent researches of
Sir f. Savile Lumlep and Prince
Orsini. Besides portions of marble
statues, architectural fragments and a
quantity of inscriptions, there have
come to light great number of terra
cottas, especially votive objects, I'M
questionably in connection with the
worship OF Diana, and mentioned by
the poet Ovid East. Ill, 263 fig.) as
placed in this temple. Some of the
terra cottas were probably part OF the
architecture of the roof the temple or
an adjacent building, since one rep
resents the goddess herself. Others
ara statues, either somewhat below
life size or smaller. The other terra
cottas, clearly votive offerings
aud made in the vicinity, were
found in such quantities as
to lead to the conclusion that
there was here a depository for
objects, which, after being exposed
for a long time, were set apart to make
room for others. Many have strong
resemblance to glazed objects found
in Rome in systemizing the Tiber,
the heads in both having a diadem
around them, which has, however,
no significance, but simply served the
artist a good turn in concealing the
jointure of the pieces from the mold.
With fewexceptions they are ordinary
work and do not reach beyond the
first period OF the empires. Votive
hands, feet and legs, and animals
were also found, besides numerous
objects devoted to the cast Of Diana
Lucina, which refer to her as de-
Iiverer in most various diseases.
The continuation of the excavation
Of Etruscan tombs at Carneto has
brought to light large number of
most ancient graves, which were
found intact. For this reason Helbig
Lnds them of great service in deter
mining the original disposition of the
objects found with the entombed.
One class of vessels were found regu-
larly at the right hand, the drinking
vessels, such as the cups, chalices and
kanthaupi, at the left hand. The oil
vessels (unguentarii) were likewise
placed near the hands, while the
plates, ollie and other receptacles for
food were placed near the head and
feet. The metallic spirals, found to-
gether, with iron carvings on each
side of one body, go to show that these
spirals, which have caused much dis
cussion, were certainly not earrings.
The only other suppcsition is that
they served as hair ornaments to
bind the tresses and braids usual in
archaic times. The principal i'm
portance Of the recent excavations is
the rich material furnished for the
study OF the ceramic art, and the
opinion finds confirmation that many
of the earliest Esruscan vases date
from time when the potter's wheel
vas not in use, or, at least, in SO
! primitive a form as scarcely to be
worthy of the name. Among the i'm
| ported Greek vases the great numbers
If unguentaIii is most remarkable.
Seventeen of these were found ac-
| companying single body, showing
| what great prominence unguents bad
in the commerce which the Greeks
carried on with Etruscans in the sixth
century, B. G. The multiplicity OF
these articles seems to indicate that
they occupied a position similar to
those held bv cotton stuff5 and alco-
holic beverages to-day in the rela-
tions of Europeans to barbarous ma
tions.
In the "Annali," 1886, Undset Of
'ers interesting thoughts on the most
nncient necropoli of Etruria, based
on the systematic excavations made
since 1881 at Cerneto. Etruscan
tombs may receive a four-fold classi-
fication according to their age. The
oldest form, q pozzo, is a simple pit
excavated in the rock. In narrow
depression in the bottom was placed
the handmade ossuary for the cre-
mated bones, or sometimes in cylin-
der of nenphro, placed in the pit
itself. These tombs contained prlml-
tive fbula, crescent-shaped razors
and other small objects, all in bronze.
Occasionally in the oldest of these
tombs the singular hut-shaped urn, a
rude representation of the earthly
dwelling, and called capana urn, is
used as the ossuary. At a later
date the cylinder OF nenphro is sup
planted by doliatnl, a vessel of glazed
pottery. The second form OF tombs,
those fossa, was an oblong cut in the
rock, large enough to hold the skele-
ton, and shows the passage from Gre
nation to burial. A third form, the
tomb cassa, differs but slightly from
the last mentioned. The remains are,
however, not inferred directly in the
rock, but first placed in a case of men,
phro, rudimentary form of sarco-
phagus. In these are found no cre-
mated remains. A fourth class is to
be noticed, the tomb camera, con-
sisting OF a mortuary chamber hewn
horizontally in the rock. Ofthese the
more ancient are without decoration
but characterized by the presence OF
Corinthian vases. AT later date they
} become more ornate with mural paint
ings, painted vases, etc.
The most interesting stage in the
investigation of these ancient parts o.
, the metropolis is that in which ap
pears burial as taking the place o.
cremation. From this period the
, passage to the garnished sepulchra
| oh m harc of Horric oh; ;pr Efrucoo,, or
is clear and continuous. There art
} two theories on the subject of this in
, PRODUCTION OF burial without burning
| The one is held by those who considel
that the old tombs, pozzo, with ere
, mated remains belong to an epocf
which they call Umbrian, anterior tc
tt the Etruscan, and that the first ap
pearance of the Etruscans coincide
, with the new mode of sepulture. Tht
, other view is that there is traceabl,