The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1888-01-20

have large range, they will not do
much harm Il we'll fed. Chickens are
egg laying machines and IL the con-
ditions for laying eggs are supplied they
will lay right along. The farmer must
protect himself, II he cannot raise
wheat at SOC. per bus',el he can raise
eggs at 2Oc. per dozen and creamery
butter at 25c. per pound. He has
four specialties 1. To raise as large
crops Of oats and corn as possible. 2.
Butter. s. Eggs. 4. Fruit.
Thos. L. Clapp, member of State
Board Of Agriculture from Montour
Co. read paper on "Stock Raising for
Profit The value of domestic ami
mails in the u. 8. is one and half
billion dollars. To be profitable, stock
must be we'll cared for. They are use
full on the farm 10 converting the hay,
fodder and straw into valuable fertiliz-
ers as well as the grain into beef and
mutton for the market. Unless the
best stock is bred and ti.ese given best
care the chances for profit are lost. Sell
the inferior young. Raise only the
most promising. Keep the best specl-
mems for breeding proposes. Farmers
make mistake TO use an old or un-
sound mare for breeding If bred from
young mares horses will live longer.
Good care and plenty of right kind of
food make good horses. Do not ex.
pose colt to the heat of summer and
cold Of winter. The idea Of max
ing horses vigorous by exposure is pre-
posterous. The most profitable horse
for the farmer to keep is one of med
lum size---a horse adapted to all pur-
purposes. The best evidence of mean
man is the fact that he keeps mean
horses. Mr.. Northrop opened the dis
cussion. If farmer has anything to
be ashamed of it is a poor horse Some
men talk nothing but horse; potice
nothing else; can tell good horse
as soon as they see them. These men
make money raising horses. The most
desirable as well as most profitable
horse for farmer to have is middle
sized one.
j. A. Gundy of Lewisburg, member
of State Board from Union county
thought that the hills in this neighbor.
hood we're suitable for sheep raising.
Mr.. Hoffa who raises his own horses
doubted whether it paid the farmer to
keep high priced horses to which a
great part of the grain of the farm was
fed and upon which much time was
spent in currying. Farmers with such
horses become jockeys. To which
Mr. Northrop replied that to keep a
good horse was no greater expense
than to keep poor one. Mr.. ]. Q.
Warner of this place thought that the
most profitable kind of horse to raiss
depended entirely on the driver. If he
is careless driver allowing the reins
to hang over the dash, big horse
would be most profitoble, that is, he
could sell him better. But if he drives
with stiff rein aud knows how to
make horse appear well IN harness a
middle weight would be most profit
able. Mr.. T. L. Clapp said that gen
eral purpose horse, such as are most
profitable for farmers to raise should
weigh about 1900 lbs. Poor horses
are expensive to keep. He bought a
horse for $50 and it was the most ex
pen.ive horse he ever bought.
MIR. E. +. Gundy of Lewisburg,
raises a good many sheep. With the
same investment and care he claims
that sheep will give greater returns
than any other of the domestic animals
Besides wool. lambs and mutton, their
manure as fertilizer is worth times
as much as any other kind. He puts
one load on as much space as loads
of other manure and gets equally good
results. He has discovered that the
old notion that ewes should not be fat
is mistake. He feeds oats, corn or
bran twice day during the entire win
ter and hasn't lost single lamb in two
years.
Prof. William Frear, professor of
agricultural chemistry in the State
College, spoke on fattening winter
stock. There is lot of fodder and
coarse material on the farm which can
not be sold to an advantage and which
the farmer must find some way to
work up. At the college from go to
100 head of cattle are bought in the
fail and sold in February. With these
they are enabled to work all fodder,
hay, etc., into manure Not much
money made from the cattle but they
get lot of valuable manure; besides
changing their hay and grain into
beef for market.
| J. A. Guudy said that it was admit.
ted by all that it didn't pay to raise
wheat at SOC. per bushel; that the U
s. stands at the head in wheat produc-
ing, and France, in the north of which
wheat is raised, in the middle the vine
and in the south olives, stands second
How can France raise wheat in such
quantities if it doesn't pay here.
Dr.. Henry Lehman, Microscopes
and Food Inspector of the Board, wa,
introduced and spoke of the cause Of 6
common cold. This has been among
the mysteries. Diseases among liv.
stock are essentially the same as thos'
affecting persons. The DIR. thinks tia
we are just on the point of discovering
the causes of many of the diseases
Our bodies resemble those of the lowe
animals so much 80 that we should liv,
in the open air as the lower animals do
but the manners of civilization lead III
to live in houses. This interferes will
the condition for health---with q con
stant supply of fresh air to the lungs
Fresh air is not dangerous. Colds ar
not caused by drafts of air. Nor
harm is done by keeping out of draft
' than by getting in them. We shoul'
r not be afraid Of exposure in all kinds o
5 weather. COLDS are not caused by eI
: posure but rather by not exposing our
Q selves. By shutting ourselves in
o room for several hours, breathing j
K sir over and over, the functions of tn
. body become depressed, which is tn
n condition for taking cold. It is not tn
IS fresh air coming in that causes it bu
the bad air within. We should slee
u in a room thoroughly ventilated. Don
n go to extremes by becoming heated an
a sitting 10 cold draft. We should b