The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1888-12-11
WINS PLAN ADOPTED.
THE CITY COUNCIL SETTLES UPON
a DRAINAGE SYSTEM

The Plan Recommended by City Sur
veyor W. j. VIM Agreed to-What
the System Contempletes = Thirty
Miles of Sewers to be Laid at an S.
timsted Cost of S348. OOo-l he City
Divided into Nine Sections-Yame-
craw and the Old Fort Likely to be
the First Sections Drained.
The city council held a called meeting
yesterday afternoon, lasting nearly three
hours, to receive the report of the special
committee On house drainage The com
mittee recommended the adoption Of the
general plan of City Surveyor VIM, and
that the work be done from time to time as
the city can afford. The report was adopted
The mayor and Aldermen Duncan, Ellis,
Haines, Nell, Myers, Nichols, Reid, Schwarz
aud Thomas were present, and also City
Surveyor VIM. Col j. II. Estill, Of the
board o. county commissioners, was pres
ent during the greater part Of the session.
Mayor Lester explained the object Of the
meeting. He reviewed the action of the
special committee in sending Col VIM to
Memphis. Norfolk and Charleston to in
vestigate the house drainage Of these cities
On the return of the engineer, he submitted
reports to the special committee Of what he
work getting levels of the city and consid-
ering what is the best system for Savannah.
The levels were taken, q plan was drawn
and specifications were submitted upon
which the special committee based it's
recommendation. The following report Of
Col VIM was then read:
COL WINS REPORT.
SAVANNAH. GA, Nov. 30. 1888
Hon. r Z. Lester Mayor, SdU0Rndh. Ga.
have
sideration the accompanying plan, prof1les and
approximate estimate for constructing a sYs-
TEN Of sewerage for the city OF Savannah.
The different systems for the removal Of ex-
crement and liquid refuse may be divided into
three classes. VIZ: by direct removal, by the
pneumatic system aad by water carriage.
The principal methods Of the direct system
are the pail system and the dry earth closet.
The pail system is used in many large cities in
Europe, and is advocated by many eminent
authorities But the exchange and clearing Of
the pals need TO be enforced by such strict
police regulations as would be difficult to carry
out When the dry earth closet is used, dry,
powdered earth or ashes Is added TO the excreta
in sufficient quantities TO absorb the moisture
and deodOrize the whole mass So much care
and attention is necessary TO provide a proper
supply OF dry earth. to apply it properly, and to
attend to its removal that it can only be used in
exceptional cases, and cannot be relied upon for
generaluse
Pneumatic System-In the pneumatic system,
costly machinery is necessary to provide for
carrying away the refuse and the expense Of
operating is large and constant.
In the water carriage system all that is needed
Is comparatively Inexpensive conduit. which
provides for all OF the sewage, and. if properly
constructed, the cost of maintaining is triiing.
PERFECT SEWER.
A theoretically perfect sewer should be one in
which all of the sewage would be carried rap
idly 20 its outfall outside OF the city so that no
time would be given for decomposition The
conduit itself should be smooth impervious to
water, and should be water tight
should be flushed at Intervals and
so thoroughly that the development of any con-
siderable amount of sewer gas world be impos-
sible. IL should be so well ventilated that the
small amount Of sewer gas would be so diluted
with fresh air as TO be rendered harmless. It
should be provided with ample means for in
spection and repair. It should be automatic
10 its action. 30 to require the least possible
amount Of care and attention.
When system OF sewers is designed to carry
both storm water and sewage it is called the
carry only sewage proper-that is, tue liquid
refuse from dwellings, factories, ETC., il is
known az the separate system"
The object OF the separate system Of sewers
Is the complete removal of the sewage proper
from towns in such manner as shall best sub
serve the health and convenience of the inhab-
itants. To accomplish this object three things
are required, viz, constant and rapid flow OF the
sewage, thorough flushing, and adequate ven
tilation. In the separate system properly con-
structed, and where ample provision is male for
sewers, which has always been difficult one to
engineers is much more simplhed. If only
fresh running sewage Is found in the sewers,
@and there is no place where the sewage can
stagnate and decOmpose, there will be very
little sewer gas developed. If in addition TO
this the sewers are regularly and thoroughly
flushed, the air in the sewers will be so fire.
quently changed that there will not be much to
be feared from sewer gas aided it is by the
ventilation secured in the street lines through
rnanholes, lampholes and flush tanks. A still
TloNs
tanned by carrying the pipes Of the house drains
unentrapped up above the roofs of the houses.
THE MEMPHIS SYSTEM.
In the sewers of Memphis, Tenn, designed by
Col, George L. Warng, Jr., all storm water was
excluded, and Fields flush tank was placed at
the head Of each lateral sewer. The sewers
were ventilated through the untrapped interior
house drains and ventileting pipes and man
holes. Drain tile was laid in the same trench
with the sewers. The sewers OF Pullman, Ill,
designed by Benegette Williams c. E. the
sewers were flushed by Connection with the
water mains. and the house drains were flushed
by automatic flushing basins. Man holes were
placed 100 feet apart on the mains and 200 feet
on the laterals. In the sewers of Ringhaulton
n. Y, designed by Rudolph Herring, C. E. roof
water was used for usling, and in part Of
the system the sewers are made large
enough to carry the storm water (See page 81
Prof. Stays work on separate system of sewer
age)
The size Of the sewers is entirely a matter of
calculation from data mainly assumed as-first:
The extent or the system; second, the density
of population, or probable density of popula-
ton in the near future; third the number of
gallons of sewage per diem, per capita; fourth
varying rates OF sewage discharge: fifth, in
cination of the sewers; sixth the smoothness
of the interior surface of the sewers. The pro
portion of the amount of water per capita per
diem varies considerably as the following table
will show:
1874 1884
gals. gals
Boston. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 60 110
Rraollxrp