davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1888-06-29
lndurated Fibre Ware.

The attention OF the public is directed
to my new stock of Tubs, Buckets, b.
sins, eto. manufactured from Induraied
Wood Fibre, pressed out in one piece,
without seams or hoops. It is light
and durable, will not shrink or swell,
will not faint any kind of liquid
and bids fair to supercede tin ind wood
ell ware. Call and examine it.
5-2S. H. CHASE.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1888-06-29
Look Herel

We heve just received large stock
of Ladies' Hats. Ladies' Dress Goods,
consisting OF Ginghams, Linens and
Woolena, and Gentlemen's Clothing,
oil of the latest and most desirable
styles. Gall and inspect them.
1928. j. RosENsTocK.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1888-06-29
ust Received

Over two hundred new samples for
custom made Spring and Summer Cloth
ing.
If you want q fine suit of clothes made
to order, latest in style, perfect in fit,
best in quality and cheapest in price,
come and look at my samples. You
can't help being suited.
M. REMNANT.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1888-06-29
"g.ive and Les LIve.n

Those who desire to purchase the best
quality of Groceries and Provisions are
referred to the above reliable house
whore fair dealing and courteous treat
ment IL the. ,ule. Glassware, Tinwere,
stonswars, Nails etc, ALWAYS in atock.
III II. CRAsn.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1888-06-29
H. ROSEN ST0CR1
RAse Hail.

/ lave iu,t received Ane stock Of
Base Ball Shoes 70 which The attention
Of lovers Of The sport is especially d.
rected. Coll and examine them.
6.2l j. RotHNsToca.
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1888-06-29
School Report.

Following is the report of the Hum.
boldt school for the month ending June
Is. 1888:
Daily independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 188?-1915, 1888-06-29

fornia each Both there and in
the east, Nevada horhes are making a
name for themselves Reno Gazette.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
COLORADO.

'v7sctAL olrrAvqsEs re rsE Exooap-us1os.l !
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
INDIANA.

INDIANAPOLIS, November 7th-Seven hundred
and eighty precincts in Indiana give Harrison
rs, ,701 and Cleveland ll7,060. The same pre-
cincts in 1884 gave Blaine III, 80 and Cleveland
111,3S9.
INDIANAPoLIs.-Eigh hundred and twenty
precincts give Harrison 12S,S ,S77 and Cleveland
120, 937. The same precincts in 1884 gave Blaine
III, 1856 and Cleveland 1l5,2.4.
Eight hundred and ten precincts in Indiana
give Harrison 629 and Cleveland 133 46S
The same precincts in 1884 gave Blaine I27. EOS
and Cleveland III, ,020
INDIANAPoLIs-Full returns from q counties
out of 81 show q net Republican of 2,S55.
The Erening Nelcs says the Republican Com
mittee claims to have from 30 counties either
official or verified returns showing that Hsrri-
son would carry the State by 5000 plurality.
Governor Gray claims the State is Democratic
by 5000
INDIANAPoLIs.-Fight hundred and sixty pre-
elncts in Indiana give Harrison 1876 2O3 and
Cleveland 12S, ,64S. The same precincts in 1SS;
gave Blaine 123, 744 and Cleveland 122. Ill
INDIANAPoLIs.- Nine hundred precincts in
Indiana give Harrison 1888 and Cleveland
1878 The same precincts in 1881 gave Blaine
log, ,SiS and Cleveland 12S, $50.
INDIANAPoLIs.-Th Journal saws returns from
eighty counties show gains for Harrison of ISIS
and f,r Cleveland OF $500 leaving a majority
for the National aud State Republican ticket
The Democrats gain Congressman in the Fir,t
Eleventh and Twelfth Districts and elect a ma
lority in both branches of the Legislature
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
NEBE aSkA.

KANSAS CITY, November 7th.-Nebraska is Re-
publican by 25,000
OAAHA-seturns indicate that Harrison will
carry the State by 5000 majority
Not more than half dozen counties have
sent returns, even for the basis of an estimate
The canvass at Omaha and Lincoln and several
other large towns is not yet completed. The
state is safe for 25 900 Republican majority, ex-
cept on Governor and Attorney General. The
First Congressional District is close, but it is
generally conceded that Connen (Rep) is
elected.
LINCoLN-Estimates from returns already re-
ceived give Nebraska to Harrison by between
$4,000 and 5000. For Governor, Thsyer (3ep J
viii have $1,000 majority.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
CONNIE CTICUC.

HARTFORD, November 7th.-The Post says the
Democratic Committee claims the State by $50
for Cleveland, but it is said that errors in New
Haven may turn the State over to Harrison.
HARTFORD Miles (Rep) election in the
Fourth Congressional District is deemed certain.
Connecticut will then gain two Republican Con-
greSsmen.
74,90I, Harrison 74,5l9, Fiske 4,18i Cleveland S
plurality is SS5. For Governor, Morris (Dem)
1924, Bulkely (Rep) 1926, Camp (Pro.) 413.
ond District by SS5 plurality. Russell (Rep.) is
returned from the Third District. In the Fourth
District f. W. seyman (Dem.l is elected by a
plurality OF 300
The Senate will have Democrats and Is Re-
publicans. and the House 105 Democrats and IA
Republicans, Republican majority oil 80 against
% last session.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
"oLAlaiNGp is CHEAP.
The Democratic News" Counting
CIeyeland,s E;scitN,

Fiie Democratic News" Counting on
CIeveland's Election.
New YORK, November 7th-The Ere,ano Mems
(DemGcraic ic), i'll a late extra, heads up its cleo
ton matter tnus
Not yet settled-Cleveland depending on Iii
nois and California New York state probably
Republican-Connecticut and Indiana both
Democratic"
The matter is thus loaded up. Here follows:
'Ihe result of the election for President is still
in doubt The Democrats claim Illinois, Cali
:ornia and Nevada, which would elect Cleve-
Land without New York, as the Democrats
have undoubtedly carried New Jersey, Connec-
ticut and Indiana. 1t looks as ii New York
state had been carried by the Republicans, as
the returns from Republican counties continue
TO poQr in gains. The latest returns show Har.
risons plurality to be about 5000 in this State,
b1t many OF the counties are estimated
Captain Mcclellan. Secretary of the Fxecr-
tive Campaign Committee, has telegraphed the
State Committees of Illinois and Wisconsin for
the latest returns. Both States are still in doubt.
The National Committee does not concede
New York to the Republicans. No returns have
been received to show anything more than that
inls state is close. Connecticut and Indiana
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
IOWA,

DEs MoISEs. November 7th.-Harrison's plu-
rality in Iowa will probably exceed $4,000.
Weaver IN the Sixth District and Anderson IN
the Eighth are both beaten giving the Repu,Ii-
cans every Congressman in the State but one
DEs MoINEs-S3 counties out of 80 give s net
Republican gain of 1862 The Republicans
claim every Congressional District but the Sec
oRd-
DEs MoTNEs.-The Republicans have elected
every Congressman bat one BIZ swee Ding rlaiori.
ties. Weaver and Anderson, Independents. in
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
NOT AT ALL FLURRIEp.
General Harrison Spends the Day and
Evening ssul tly.

l oIANAPoLIs, Novembe i 7th.-Genaral Har-
risor spent The evening in his library, receiv-
ing election bulletin over a priySte wire. Dur
ing tle afternoon his friends and neigh5ors
dropped in to congratulate him. Tne rainy
weather has been great safeguard 10 the Gen
eral so far Us escaping midnight and noisy dem
onstrations around his residence. He was i'll &
very cheerful frame OF mind to night, reading
the bulletins oonplaeeEtly and explaining rom
time 10 time To little group the sisnficarce or
importance of this or that statement or bulletin
Among his callers were Judge w. a. Woods
and with and c. W. Fairbanks John s. Harri
son, of Kansas City, the Generals only brother
arrived this morning, and was among the guests
All members of the lamily were in and out of
the library duriug the evening, as were Mrs.
HarFfson's guests, Mrs. Brown of West Virginia
snd Miss Striekec of Dayton, o. About IL O. clock
the ladies retired, and it was not grest while
thereafter before the General did Lis ewise Ieav-
ing his son and Mr.. Mckee to sit up for late re
turns.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
NEW JERSEY.

TRENTON, November 7h.-The State Legis
lature will stand thus: Democrats 81, Republi
cacs u. In the Senate the Democratic majority
on joint ballot, not including doubtful districts
is 5.
TRENToN-The Congressional del CATION o.
New Jersey is as follows: First District c. r
Bergen (Rep.(; Second District, X. James Bu
chauan (Rep.): Third District ]. GerseIl LeneI
(Dem); Fourth District, +. t1wler Dem
Fifth District, C. b. Beckw,th (Rep.); sixth
District, Herman Lehbeck (Rep); Seventh
District, Wm NcAdOo (Dem)
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
MONTANA.

HELENA, November 7th.-The first Republican
Delegate elected in Montana for sixteen years
was chosen Yesterday. From returns now in it
is estimated that Carter (R) for Congress- has
5000 majority over Clark D.). Carter carried
Helena by 1921. Two years ago it went Demo
cratic by 100, and the Territory was Demo-
cratic by 800.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
GLEAR-HEADED BEN.
General Butler Draws Some Conclusions
From the Result.


Boston, November 7th.-General Butler, when
asked his opinion of the outcome, said "Oh
we have beaten the English i'll their attack on
our manufacturers and trade markets. These
have been the issues of the campaign. The
parties have baen England on one side, led by
Cleveland and West, and the American people
on the other side, led by Harrison and those
who agreed with him. The outcome Is par-
ticularly pleasing to me, because it settles the
question of protection for many years to come,
and l am still more thankful because the ques-
tions between the North and South are settled.
The South taking advantage of the amount
of power they got, because of the negro
population, in the House of Representatives
and the Electoral College, have tried
with the help of the City of NV York, to rule
the North and rescue what she lost by the war
They have signally failed, and they can never
make he attempt again. There will be two new
States, Dakota and Montana, and that will settle
the control of the Senate. A single other thing
l am glad to find, and that is that the Irishmen
have found who their true friends are. The tar
itf will be revised and lowered, but our victory
means that it VIII not be an English tariff"
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
ILLINOIS.

CHICAGO, November 7th.- The Republican
plurality in the State will probably be from is
eco to 2 600 Harrison, generally, gains over
Blaines vote Palmer, for Governor, gets a
larger vote than Cleveland
ChIcAGo.-Ihe vote of 81 counties in Illinois,
including Cook county, shows a vote for Har-i,
son OF 3S,9i3 AID Cleveland 1888 The remain-
manning Is counties in 1874 gave Blaine 1854
ana cleveland 6,542. Assuming that the is
counties not yet reported will give the same re-
suit as In 1881, the State viii now give plural.
ity Tor Harrison OF 1892 1t is safe to say.
therefore. that Harrison's plurality will be
about 1900.
CHIcAGo--The Associated Press has lust com
pieted Its count on the Illinois Gubernato ial
vote, and they say that Fifer elected BY 7,O0O
majority.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
BRloE LOSES HIS HEAD.
The Democratic Chairman sat Upon by
fs..- aasn.,lrIfi

1-S ~ VI II .-IIEI1 s@N Nt u
tle- "HorId"
new YORK. October Ith.-The Eyenia9 U0rld
extra quotes Chairman Brice OF the Democratic
NatloYal Com nlijtee rs having said: I'VE con-
cede nOth ng, ard from the late 5, returns there
Is far Induction that Cleveland hes carried
New York State.'
Following this in the World extra is this:
This is what they say at the National Demo-
cratic headquarters. and at the Republican
headquarters Colonel Quay said
II can't say anything uatil it is all over. or
course. Harrison is elected and has undoubtedly
carried New York State. ! am told that au at
tempt has been made by the Democrats in
Kings county to steal the State, but they can't
90 it"
In the same issue of the World which contains
the above, i'll dOuble-leaded type, carried over
from The earlier edition, are these words :
Apropos of Colonel Brice cOncediug nothing,
there is little reasonable doubt that Beujamin
Harrison VIII be the next President of the
United States
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

PHILADELPHIA November th.--Congressional
returns in this State shows that The delegation
will stand, p Republicans against Democrats
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES from every county
in the State show q plurality for Harrison Of
72,9iS, a Democratic gain of S07l, as compared
with the vote for President in 1854. One Re-
publican Congressman is gained.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
SOUTH CAROLINA.

COLUMBUS Is. ca, November 7th-The Re
publican vote was small. The Democrats carry
the State by 35 0o0. The returns indicate the
election of every Democratic candidate Tor Con
gress.
CHARLEsToN.-The most serious opposition to
any Democrat for Congress was in the Seventh
District. Elliot Dem.) is elected by about 1000
majority.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
LATEST FROM INDIAeSA.
The Democrats Virtually Give up the
HODs;er Stata

The Democrats Virtually Give up the
uOOsier State.
INDIANAPOLIS, November Sth - a M.-Secre-
tary Sherin of the Democratic National Com
mittee says it looks now like General Harrison
had carried the State, but it would require the
official returns to determine.
Chairman Jewe;t greeted the Associated
Press correspondent pleasantly, and in answer
to suggestion that he might have some
thing to say regarding the political situation in
the State, said "The indications are that the
Republican Electors have carried the State.
The official count may show differently. and
the probability is that we have elected part of
our State ticket. We have elected ten Congress
men, u gain OF four"
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
NEVADA.

VIRGINIA CITY, November 7th-Forty three
precincts out of 172 give Harrison :, ,147, Cleve-
land ,237, the same as in 1884. Thirty-five pre-
cinctS give Bartine (Repubican) for Congress
J 1884, Cassidy (Democrat) 1853. The Republi-
cans carry the State.
CARsoN-In Nevada there are l72 precincts.
Ofthese, complete returns from g. predicts give
Harrison COS and Cleveland 2.SS7.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
DANA's FIGURES.

This Mornings "snn" Gives N, the Fight
Completely.
NEW YORK, November Sth-A M-The Sun of
this morning says: Harrison has II, ,762 plu-
rallty III New York State. and Hill has Is 952"
1t says The next House OF Representatives is
SO evenly divided between the parties that the
official count will be necessary to decide which
is in the majority"
Its figures show that Indiana gives Harrison
plurality OF ABOUT 900, and that the Connecti-
cut vote is Democratic by 494.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

SALT LAKE. November 7th.-specials to the
Herdtd from Blackioot, Roseburg and FRANKLIN
Idaho, state thst intense excitement prevails
An Roseburg Mormons attempting TO vote for
Hawley Dem were arrested by Deputy Sheriffs
lRepublicansl on charges of perjury The
Deputy Sherihi thereu:on arrested the Deputy
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
WEST VIRGINIA.

WHEELING, November 9Th. h.-Atkin (Rep.) is
elected over Fendleton (Denl.) for Congress in
the First District by 600 majority.
WHEELISG.-Fourteen out of twenty-four pre-
cincts, casting onethrd of the vote of the State,
show Republican gains OF 1852 If correspond
ing gains are made in the rest of the State 1t
will give 6lO Republican majority.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

CINNCISNATI, November 7th.-Three hundred
and tfty-fiye precincts give net Democratic
gain of !, 10 The total vote is l27,029.
CINcIEEATI-All the counties in Ohio are
reported but four. Harrisop's plurality is b.
tween 10000 and p ,000 The Republicans gain
two Congressman, and lose one. All the coun-
ties (un6fliciaD exc pit SIX show plurality for
Harrison of 20, 0,a2l The six counties not re-
ported gave Foraker (9ep.) for Governor III
1887 plurality of 436.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

ST. LOUIS, November 7th.- Entire Repub-
llcan city elected. Both parties claim Missouri
Cleveland will have about 5000 majority in
this State, and Francis for Governor IA coo.
LATER-Kimball seems to be running we'll
with Francis in the State. and the Chairman of
the Republican State Committee is claiming his
election by safe plurality
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
CH AIRMAN QUAY.
He Says Harrison Has Carried all Blaine
states and New York.

NEW YORK, November 7th.-Senator Quay,
Chairman of the Republican National Commit
tee, authorizes the following statement: THE
Republicans have carried, by increased major
tiles, all the States that were carried for Blaine
in 1881, and in addition have New York by a
plurality of 1900 and indiana by plurality of
ON 1000 to 60O0 West Virginia is in doubt.
General HarrisOn's election is assured''
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
DEL LtWARE.

WILMINGTON, November 7th.--Kent county
has gone Democratic, and the Legislative ticket
is elected by 169 plurality. This insures the
election OF a Democratic Senator to succeed
Salisbury.
wILMINGToN.-The Republican majority in
the Legislature will be %. The assures the
election of the first United States Senator Della
ware ever had to succeed Eli SaulsbuIy.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

Hardly had the fight commenced before sew
eral shots were fired. Then the widest confusion
prevailed, and after about forty shots had been
discovered that three of their men had been
wounded. Samuel Gust was sho5 in the leg,
James Mahoney in the abdomen, and John
Reiger in the eye. The two latter are probably
fatally wo1nded.
Immediately after the riot, and after the ne
groes had retreated, the whites began Grming
themselves. Everybody is now armed.
The Mayor has called out the Did Dominion
Guards, and 100 special policemen have been
worn in.
Excitement is intense, and the negroes are re-
ported forming just outside the city. Another
outbreak is feared. A detachment of the
Guards Will be sent to disperse the mob of ne
goes.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
CHARGED WITH BRIBERY.
The Democratic Leader In Iowa a Eugi-
tive FrOnl ,JUstics

Dies MONIES CIa.), November 7th.-The Sheriff
OF Adams county arrived here to-day with
warrant for the arrest of e. II. Hunter, Chair
man Of the Democratic State Central Committee,
on q charge of bribery. A Democrat was ar
rested at Corning, Hunters home, yesterday on
charge of reDeating. He admitted that he
voted in two different townships, but made an
affidavit that he voted the second time at the
instigation of Hunter, who gave him 81 for do
ing so.
The Sheriff was Unable to find Hunter, who
had skipped odt of town, leaving word that ne
had gone to Chicago.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
President Harrison Congratulate;

INDIANAPOLIS, November 7th-The follo -v.ng
dispatch was received from Chicago:
CHICAGO, November ?, 1888
To Hon. Bsnjdr7iR HorTison, indianapolis: Con
gratulatlons upon your election. Chicago Is
proud OF the fact that her great Auditorium was
dedicated by the nomination of our country's
next PRESIDENT Ford w. PECK.
Democrats Claiming California.
New York, November 7th.-The following
telegram was received at the Democratic head
quarters to night:
SAN FRANCISCO, November 7. 1855.
State for Cleveland and Thurman by a safe ma
Jority. Wa. D. ENGLISH.
New York Election Incidents.
NEW YORK, November 7th-An incident n.
the local night was the holding of Assenblygnan
Charles Smith (gep in $1,000 bail by the United
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
KENTUCKY.

LOUISVILLE, November 7th.-Latest returns
snow that the Democrats have carried the first
nine Congressional districts, with much the best
prospects in the Tenth. The Eleventh has re-
elected Finley (Rep.) Cleveland's majority will
be near % 600
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
MASSACHUSETTS.

BosToN, November 7th.-Every Republican
Congressman is elected except one, a gain of
two.
BosToN.-An but two towns in the State hRve
been heard from, and give Harrison lS3 447,
Cleveland Isl, 800. Fisk S,64l. The same towns
in 1884 gave Blaine 146, ,6l3, Cleveland l22 254,
Butler "a $40, and st. John 1916.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
MICHIGAN.

DETROIT, November 7th.-Sufficent returns
have been received from al Congressional Dis
tricts in Michigan, with one exception, to in
sure the election of eight Republicans and two
| Democrats, a Republican gain of two. The re-
suit In the Tenlh (Fisher s. District is in couot
ana may require the official count to decide.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
WHOLE NO. 1859

a.a'es Commissioners on u char. Of at c7npt;uq
to prevent voters from freely exercising theft
gave himself up.
Three ineii were held in s., COO bail each or, q
er6";ge of illegal registration ut the JEFF rson
Market l'olice Court To-day.
S;iciviiie Avenged
NEw YORK, November 7.l--The Press News
$50 stssoclatlol mas an early London cable, whicn
says the general feeling is that sackyille West
has been 6ven ed -
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
BY ABOUT 11,Oog.

AE Papers Now Agree That Harrison
Has New York.
New YORK, November Sth.-A. M.-The Trtb
ltr,e says: Revised returns OF the vote for Pres
ldent with careful estimates, where authentic
figures are lacking, gives General Harrison
1l,OOO plurality in this State. Returns and esti-
mates from every county, computed on lully as
good basis, with the TribuRe'S table OF plurali-
ties for President, show that Hill has a net plu-
rality of about 8 500"
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

CHATTANOOGA, November 7th-With nearly
full returns from this Congressional District the
Republicans confidently believe that Evans
(Rep) is elected to Congress by 800 or 40 ma
jority. The Democrats, however do not admit
Bates defeat The excitement is intense
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

DENVER, November 7th-There is no doubt OF
good majority for the Republican State and
national tickets.
Up to P. NJ. only partial returns are received.
These indicate the election of the Republican
ticket by majorities of from 5000 to II GOO
Partial returns from % counties give Cleveland
5,0I9 and Harrison 1904.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
a BOOM Fne HILL.
a Georgia Paper Already Whoopine Uu
Dave Hill

Dave Xii.
AUGUSTA (Ga.), November Sth-The Chronicle
this morning editorially says of the Democratic
defeat: 1.-The Presidents message. while il was
honest and brave, caused hisdefeat We regard
the defeat of President Cleveland as National
calamity. This defeat does not mean the dis
solution OF the Democratic party. Four years
from last Tuesda cur party will march to vic
tory under the leadership of David g. Hill or
some other er1Orrnt
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08

ToPEKA.-Returns from every county, esti-
mated by Chairman Boovh from reports. give
Harrison 10000 and Cleveland 65O9O. The eg-
islature is most solidly Republican
Kansas, so far, shows: Harrison g., ,Ss9 Cleve-
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
FLORIDA,
MISSOURI.

JACKSONVILLE, November 7th.-Florida gives
Cleveland the Democratic State ticket by ma
jority of something less than 5000.
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
BL 4CkS vs.. wEIEES.
\ Bloody Riot On the Public Streets of
Norfolk, Va,

NORFOLK, November 7th-A riot occurred in
Portsmouth about o'clock tonight between
whites and blacks -Four hundred negroes
marched down High street, the principal
thoroughfare n the city, singing Hang Grover
Cleveland 10 q sour apple tree !" AT the corner
of Dinwiddy street large party OF white men
were congregated, and white boy and negro
had a scutfie. The negroes came TO the rescue
of their comrade, and were charged by the
whites
Sacramento daily record-union., 1888-11-08
VIRGINIA,

ALEXANDRIA, November 7th-w W. Scott.
Secretary of the Democratic State Central Com
mittee, claims the State for Cleveland by a re-
duced majority, probably between 1900 and