The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1888-10-31


branch Of another. As n general rule,
shoots of the previous years growth are
used as c,ons. DO not use fruit buds.
They should he cut in the fall, after the
leaves have fallen, or during the winter.
Pack them in dry earth, and keep in a
cool dry cellar until wanted for use.
They should never be taken from trees
that are not sound and healthy. Firm,
well ripened wood, taken from the up
per branches of the tree are the best. A
small, well ripened, sound cion is better
than one as large as a mans finger, if un-
ripe or pithy.
Anything, from a yearling Seeding to
a tree forty years old may be used as a
stock, but it must be sound aud healthy,
whatever its age The tools used in
grating are saw, chiSel and grating
knife. A grating composition of wax,
made of two pounds Of rosin, one and
one-fourths pounds Of beeswaX and
three fourths of pound of tallow, will
answer every purpose. If preferred raw
linseed-ol may be used in the place of
tallow. For whip grating on the root
of small trees, thin calico cloth soaked
in the composition is better than the
composition alone. Thoroughly soak
and tear in strips wide enough and long
enough to make two or three wraps
nbout the stock, and the graft will be
secured.
The two modes of grating most com.
monty used are whip grating and cleft
grating. the former used in grating
roots and small trees.
In whip-grafting on the root, Seeding
stocks one or two years old are generally
used As the graft is always made at
/ the collar, the stems are cut off at that
| place. The small tap roots and
| cumbrous tibers are removed, leaving
| them about four inches long. After
being washed clean they are ready
for the operation. Make an even,
smooth, sloping cut an inch long, up
ward on the collar of the root. In the
center of this cut make a slit or tongue
downward Have the cion three OF
four inches long; on the lower end of it
have sloping cut downwards, in all re-
spects like that in the stock, and in
this have the slit or tongue cut upwards,
this to match or correspond with that in
the stock; fit them neatly together, the
tongue of one within that of the other,
and the inner barks of both placed in
close and perfect contact, on at least one
side. The fit ought to be so complete
that they will sit close and firm in al
parts. After putting on the wax, wrap
firmly with a strip of the soaked cloth
Keep in a dry, cool place until ready
to plant in the spring. The only too
needed in whip grating is sharp knife
Whip grating on small trees standing
in the same way.
Cleft. grating is used when the tree
or branches are too large for whip graft
ing. In this case the cion is cut like ;
wedge. The wedge part, cut for plac
ing in the stock, should be from an incl
TO an inch and half in length, with I
bud at the shoulder, where 1t is to rest OF
the stock. The outer edge of the wedg,
shape should be some thicker than tn,
inner. When your c:on is ready, MAKE
a sloping cut upon the stock an inch anC
a half long, in such way that it comes
to point About half way down tn
length of the slope cut the stock OF
square; then split the stock on one sid
of the split by placing the chisel on tn
square or horizontal surface, and strikin!
with light mallet; keep the split ope
with the knife or chisel until the cion
put in with the thick edge out. III
cut parts should be completely coveret
with the wax. and the work is done.
Where large branches are to be grated
they are cut off horizontally, with tn
saw. made smooth with the knife, the
a split made by the chisei being place
in the centre of the cut and two cion
being inserted, one at each end of in
split, taking care that the inner bark G
the cions on one side comes in contac
with the inner bark of the stock. Cove
well with wax. If both cions grow S
as to make branches that are too clos
together, one may be cut out.
The three points TO be sure of are:
Have sharp tools that make clean
smooth cuts. >. Have the inner bark
of the cions and stocks in perfect con
tact. 3. Have every part of the cut, sur
face and split perfectly covered wit
wax.-Farm, Field and Stockman.