Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1888-01-05

853 strikes, details of which are not availa-
BILE. The report shows that during the six
years covered by the investigation, New
York had the largest number of establish
ments anecteu both by stril<os- and look-
outs, there being for the former 9,247 and
for the latter 1928.
The building trades furnished 5000 OF
the total number of establishments en-
gagged in strikes. The total number of en-
ployes involved in the whole number OF
strikes for the entire period is shown to
have been l 1882 The number of en-
ployes originating the strikes was 1,02O,-
832. The number of employees in all es-
tablishments before the strikes occurred
was 1862, ,045, while the whole number
employed in the establishments involved
after the strikes was 1886, ,247-a loss OF
25,798. There were 103, ,038 new employees
engaged after the strikes, and 81 ,483 were
brought from other places than those
in which the strikes occurred. In
2,182 establishments lockouts were or
dered during the period named. In
these there were 1885 employees before
the lockouts occurred and 1853, ,436 after the
lockouts, while the number actually locked
out was 159,548. There were 1876 new
euapyqxas seyS1Eed at1 the close of the -locks
places than those in which the lockouts oc-
CURED.
"It should be remembered, however,
says the report, that these figures do not
represent the actual number of individual
establishments, or different employees en-
gagged, as in many cases there have been
two or more strikes or lockouts affecting
the same establishment in the same year.
In such cases the establishment and the
number of employees engaged are dupli-
Gated" OF the whole number of employees
involved in strikes during the six years
covered by the report, 1886 per cent. were
males and 11.44 per cent. were females.
OF those involved in lockouts during the
same period 6S.78 per cent. were males and
1922 per cent. were females.
An examin alton of the tables appended
to the report shows that New York, Penn
sylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio. and Illi-
nois represent 74.74 per cent. of the whole
number of establishments affected by strikes
throughout the country, and 90.80 per cent.
of the lockouts. These five States, it is stated,
contain 40 per cent. of all the manufactur-
ing establishments, and employ SO per
cent. of the capital involved in mercantile
industries of the United States. OF the
22,336 establishments in which strikes oc-
Cured 1892, or 82.12 per cent. of the
whole strikes, were ordered by labor Or
ganizations, while of the 2,182 establish
ments in which lockouts occurred /, ,753,
or 80.34 per cent, we're ordered by COM
binations of managers. OF the whole num-
Der of establishments subjected to strikes
there were temporarily closed for business
13,433, or 60.19 per cent; on account of
lockouts, 62.60 per cent. The average
duration of stoppage on account of strikes
was 23.1 days, and for lockouts % days.
The results Of the strikes, so far as gain
-. n. IL. A. Ia
shown to be as follows:
Success followed in 1,O47 cases, or 46. 50
per cent. of the whole; partial success in
1904, or 13.45 per cent. of the whole; and
failure followed in 8,910 cases, or 39.89 per
cent. of the whole.
By lockouts 564 establishments, or 1886
per cent. of the whole, succeeded in gain
ing their points; 100, or S.71 per cent,
partly succeeded, and 1905, or $3.50 per
cent, failed.
AS to causes or objects Of strikes, il is
shown that increase Of wages was the prin-
cipal one, 42.44 per cent. The other lead
ing causes are given as follows: For reduc-
ton of hours, 1915 per cent. against re-
duction of wages, 7.75 per cent; for in
crease of wages and reduction of hours,
7.57 per cent. against increase of hours,
1892 per cent; total for the FIVE leading
Cuubcb, tfsOO poE OSub. hAA OthCN Cdubcb,
22.17 per cent. Disclaiming absolute
accuracy, the report gives the losses
Of employees and employers resulting from
strikes and lockouts as follows:
Losses to strikers during the six years
covered by the investigations, $51, ,816, ,165.
Loss to employees through lockouts for the
same period, $S,132,717, or q total wage
loss to employees Of $50. .9i8, 1882. This loss
occurred for both strikes and lockouts in
24,518 establishments, or on an average
loss Of 81, ,445 to each establishment, or of
nearly $40 to each striker involved. The
assistance given to strikers during the
same period, so far as ascertainable,
amounts TO $3,325, ,057; to those suffering
from lockouts. 81, ,l05, ,538, or a total of
81, ,430,5 ,595. These amounts, however, the
low. The employers losses through
strikes for the six years amounted to $50, =
732, ,653; through lockouts, s., 3,342, ,261, or a
total loss 10 the establishments involved of
$34, ,164,9l4
The appended tables also show that
the chief burden of strikes was borne
by thirteen industries, viz: Boots and
shoes, 352 establishments; brick making,
47S; bui ding trades, 6,0G0; clothing, ,72S;
cooperage, 4S4; food preparations, 1,419;
furniture. 49l; lumber, $40; metals and
metallic goods, ,5S5; mining, 1850; stone,
46S; tobacco, 1929; transportation, 1,478.
These represent 80. 30 per cent. of the
whole number subjected TO strikes.
In lockouts fyc trades bore 80 per cent.
and nhces. la nnial Ia. a. aaa~f iiff AZ. /.