davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-03-10
EVOLUTION OF EATING.
Some Curious Table Manners of the Good
Old Days.


Old Days.
1t was late in the fourteenth century
when the first evidences of art in the
shape of silver cups were noticeable on
the buffet. The dishes were made of
pewter or wood, and spoons of bone,
wood or silver. Knives were rare,
and on that account guests invited to
feasts carried their own knives. Forks
came in general use still later, and for
long years after their introduction they
were considered ridiculous affectation
and foppery, and not nearly so con-
venient as ones own fingers. The
lord and his lady dipped their fingers
into the same plate and slipped their
wine from the same cup. Even the
queenly Elizabeth, with all her elabor-
ate ideas of etiquette, was content to
carry her food to her mouth with her
fingers, and at first despised the newly
invented fork as unseemly and awk-
ward
Very gradually the dinning-hall grew
in comfort and splendor. Dishes of gold
and silver were made, and so eager
were the mobiles for them that they
would sacrifice any thing to possess
them. The salt-cellar was for long
time the article of hi CHEST Importance
on the board. 1t was great affair and
stood directly in the center of the table;
it was the dividing line; the mobiles
were seated above the salt, the COM
mOners below; hence grew the provcrb:
Below the salt" The passing of salt
was cercmonious custom, the guest
throwing pinch over his left shoulder
and murmuring blessing.
The salt-ccllars were of the most
curious devices. Sometimes they rep
resented hinge animals. sometimes a
great, full-blown flower on long.
slender stem, and again they were in
the shape of chariot, mounted on four
wheels, on which they were easily run
down the table.
The first glass cups came from Venice
during the sixteenth century, and from
that time on society began to lose many
of its primitive WAYS. aud became. in Il
sense, more refined.
Horny VIII. was born with luxurious
tastes; he had his banquet chairs sup
piled with velvet cushions, and about
this time the parlor or talking room,'
as it was called. WAS intro luc ed; and
here the danes took refuge when the
dinner advanced beyond prudent linn
its, as it invariably did before tho
finish.
The cook that presided over the
kitchen in those days was not the
counterpart Of our nineteenth century
Bridget, but he was an artist, and gem
orally a man of quality. The ladies of
the household, even those of noble birth.
attended to many domestic duties,
making the bread, preserving the
fruits, while TO understand tho proper
use of starch was considered great
accomplishments Woma11,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-03-10
CRUELTY TO INSECTS.
A Bird in Florida That Impales Bugs an
Snakes on Thorns.

OF all the birds in this section there
is one that will afford an idler lots
of amusement if he will spend an
occasional hour watching closely. 1t
is the shrike or butcher bird A few
days ago l was in an orange grove u
few rods from the house, where an old
darby, with the assistance of a mule,
was blowing, and a butcher bird was
flying from tree to tree, following up
the nevly-plowed furrow, looking for
insects Every few minutes he would
90 topick up a beetle or insect, and
for s,me time he simply swallowed his
victims. After little he seemed to
haze had enough to eat and just then
afttle flock of larks were seen run
ping along in the newly turned fur
row, at times almost touching the old
yaaYky's heels. Now and then they
would come across an insect too large
for them to easily manage, and then
would begin little scutile. Then the
butcher bird would swoop down in
the center of the little flock, snatch
up the insect and fly off with it before
the larks knew what had happened.
The butcher bird had eaten all no
wanted, and so, with the beetle in his
beak, he flew to the nearest orange
tree, and, selecting long, sharp thorn,
he impaled the insect upon it. |
watched this bird put at least ten in
sects on different thorns. During an
hour, besides numerous large insects,
the butcher bird captured two snakes,
the largest of which was two feet long
and very lively. These snakes, al
though they squirmed and twisted.
were taken with difficulty to7an orange
tree, and after a good bit of hard ting
ging. they were left with a thorn
through their bodies.
When the butcher bird is not looking
for food or for victims to stick on
thorns, he is generally looking for
other birds for the purpose of fight
ing them, and so he keeps busy from
'ayli,'ht till dark. --Fiorida Cor ~ z,
Sum.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-03-10
The PLUM CURCuLIO.
How to Exterminate This Destructive ant
Numerous Parasite.


Numerous Parasite.
There seems to be no doubt whatever
but what the plum curculio Como
tracheIuS ne7uphar) can be well nigh
exterminated everywhere and regular
crops of the stone fruits grown by SIM
ply spraying the trees with arsenical
poisons paris green and London pur-
ple) in water; % so soon as the buds
begin to swell in the spring; (2) two
weeks after the petals fall; 60 then
after three weeks again, and (4) for
perfection, so soon as through blossom
ING, with a weak kerosene and soap
emulsion. This (D will kill the leaf lice
(aphid@) and plant bugs (hemiptera)
that puncture the young fruit and cause
it eventually to rot. A Mich gan gen.
tleman told me that he had two large
thrifty European plums. "They bloomed
freely each year, but the curculio laid
her eggs in nearly every plum, and all
the fruit that was not wormy rotted be
fore ripening. Spring before last !
sprayed the trees thoroughly once witt
London purple in water about twl
weeks after the blossoms fell. Tha
season they matured so great a crop b
the finest fruit that l was obliged t.
prop up all the branches. But to m.
sorrow this large crop SO weakened TIL
vitality of my trees that the mex
spring both were dead. The sprawl!
seemed to kill nearly every .curcM!i6
scarcely fruit showed her ovipositins
work, and the plums all ripened with
out rot This shows two valuable les
sons; O Spraying has proven sue
cess, and (2) an overburdensome croI
is deathly, especially to plum.
These sentiments are exactly in lin
with sense, reason and experience, ant
especially with our native plums; TO
these fruits are the natural food plan
and breeding place of the plum curculio
This beetle passes the winter in thu
beetle state, "holed up" like y wood
chuck, and energies in the spring hun
/ CRY. She at once seeks her natura
food plant-these plums-on which t,
feed, seemingly in preference to al
other trees. She usually reaches then
before they bloom; therefore just befor
the blossoms open is the time to spra,
the trees. But for some reason man,
of the beetles do not lay their eggs il
the fruit until June; hence the necessit,
of late spraying, for it is possible tina
these late egg-laying beetles reach tn,
trees late. If the native plums are no
within her reach the beetle is forced t.
accept allied plants Of the almond famil,
to which the plum belongs, such as tn
cherry, peach, apricot, etc, and lay he
/ eggs in their fruits. 1t is of cours
/ possible that the cherries, being so clos
akin to the plums, they may be as &C
ceptable to her for food as the plums
but it is hardly probable, Therefore i
is entirely reasonable that, if we hav,
plenty of native plums in and arounC
our orchards of other fruits, b,
spraying the plums we will destro!
this curculio sufficiently for all prac
teal purposes, and so protect all The
other fruits from her destructive work
D. B. Wier. IN american Garden. -,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-03-10

Gentleman Ito tramp)-Why do you
ask for only a penny, my man? Most
of you people want nickels and dimesP
Tramp-Yes, sir, but I'm new hand
at the business, an | want to begin
right; make it dime, though. if you
likc.-N Y San.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-03-10

p. T. Barnum says that he has pro
vided that if any of his legatees makes
u contest of his will he shall by thai
act forfeit his bequcst, and he has left
500, 900 as fund Tor the executors 70
tight any contestant
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1888-03-10

"A moral guide to the stage is said
to be II novel invention of theatre
manager. He prints his bills in differ
ent colors, indicating the nature of his
theatrical wares. For example, n red
bill signifies that the play is pernicious;
q white bill, that it is moral, and blue
one that it is half-and-half. BY this
system he says palerfamilias will be
able to see at glance whether he
ought to take his sons and daughters
or not The same manager reserves
yellow bills for pieces of the Dumas
school, as a warning to husbands to
beware of what may happen should
they let their wives 90.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
The Ubiquitous Tramp.

We, the nomads of the nineteenth century, are net "ln the soup" this year. In the history of 'S8 it will be remarked that there was less suffering among the modern wanderers, than for many a long season, and cense- quently there has been less crime. A
 political campaign Is always beneficial ts us, and this has been no exception, indeed It has made life worth the liv- ing. Barbecues and rallies have warm ed eur hearts and made friends with even our perennial enemy-the family bulldog. Last year we were not in the race, but the past summer and fall, which have feeted into the present and precsrious future all too soon, was as far as a maiden's dream. Last year the farmers wife had the busi- ness end of the broom awaiting us, or a cord of wood to saw, when we ap- preached. This year the broom cleared a path fer us, and pie and the silver service were ours. Last year every town had a rock pile in store for us. This year we had credit at the corner store, and all men called us brother. Instead of being gwen twenty-four hours to leave, as of ysre, we were in- vited-nay, pleaded with-te reside permanently. On election day we even had "boedle" and "bosze" ga- lore. It was far, rcsy campaign to us. But one feature marred its beau- ty. That? Oh, some of us became politcians.--Tramp in the Globe-Dem- ocrat.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

The Plemente, the new cruiser built by the Elswlck Company for Italy, although having a displacement of only 2,50O tons, is capable of discharg- ing agaiast an enemy twice the aggre- gate weight of shot and shell that could be fired by the largest vessels now ahoat, not excepting the enor- nous Italia and Lepants, with thelr nearly 14,000 tens displacement. This result Is accomplished by extending the system ef qulck fire to the heavy six-inch guns, weighing nearly six tons each, so enabling them to fire about SIX times as many round within a given time as ordinary guns of the same cahber. A battery of thIs sort would not have the same penetrative effect as guns of a larger caliber, but their volume of projsctiles directed against unarmored vessels or the un- plated parts of heavy ironclads must be effective. This is one of the recent developments in naval armament.- New York Sun.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

The most noticeable feature eff the industrial development that has been going on in the South during the past few years IS unquestionably the in- crease in the manufacture of cotton goods. This IS the more interesting and important, as cotton is the princi- pal product of the Southern States; hence, it seems the nest natural thing in the world that the cotton mill should flourish in near proximity to to the cotton plant. At recent pub lie meeting in Boston the statement was made that the manufacture of cot ton was increasing much faster at the South than in New England. More mills have been built in Georgia alone since the war than are now in opera ton in New Hampshire. In 1879 the number of cotton factorles in the South were 154; in 1887 the number had increased to 2l9, while new there are 235 mills in operation, F new ones almost ready to begin work, and 10 more building.-New Orleans Plea yuHe.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
The Dialects Of India.

More than enc hundred and fifty languages and dialects are current in India and in British Burmah, with their 256,O0O,OOO eff people, and the distinct alphaOets of those countries, many of which are very elaborate, out number all others in the werld. Some forty different alphabets or syllable systems, each having from two hun dred and fifty te five hundred com binations, are used to represent the sounds of the 150 languages, and more than 10000 different signs and types have been elaborated from the orIgin- al alphabet to represent the fifty sim pie soundS-all that the combined h. dian vernaculars contain. As these simple sounds can not all be repre- scented by the twenty six letters of the English alphabet, twenty-four letters of the English phonetic alphabet are captured and made to do serv1ce ln thls new English phonetic alphabet; and we then have one simple alphabet taking the places of fsrty or more, and becoming available as the written lan- guage eff 2OO,OOO,OOO of people who have no written alphabet, because they don't know just how to use one. The Bombay Guardian.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

An improvement on church fairs has been devised in Lincoln, Neb., if we may trust the Omaha papers. One of the churches, wishing to raise money to pay off the debf, offered merchants of all sorts a chance to advertise on the walls of the church. A large and handsome advertising card appeared Tn a conspicuous place containing the names of such merchants as accepted the opportunity at $5 head. At the close of divine service, the pastor called attention to the card, saying that they were all reliable men, who could be safely dealt with, and advising his parishioners 10 patronize them. This may be better than some other plans a good deal more commonly adopted.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

An applicant for examination under the civil service law recently request ed the return of his papers, stating that he was Democrat, and knew that the party now coming into power never appointed Democrat to office. The commission refused to return his application papers, as they were re- garded as part of the records, and add ed: "Under general rule 3, clause 2, It is the duty of this commission to discountenancs any disclosure of peli- tical opinion by an applicant. The political remarks contained in your letter can in no manner affect the ac- tion of the commission and are not proper matter for its files. Your let ter is, therefore, returned to you here with" Since the election the commls- sion has received a number of letters with political remarks" and all ol them have been returned with some statement similar to thatqusted above
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
'Sough ca Rats" Clears out rats, mice, reaches, flies, anti, bedbugs.

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Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

A Baltimore minister has been com putting the size of Heaven, according to our modern measurement; and at the same time he gives us the number of reems it contains fer the elect, each one exactly Is feet by 19. These he sets down accurately, we have not the least doubt, at 5,759, 5O,O0O,OO0 rooms. This will be liberal supply If we are to credit the estimate of the lost and saved given cut by pessimistic and rather overworked tract societies. Another parson supplements the esti- mate by adding that every saint will have better accommodation than the best rooms in first-class hotel. It is expected that no one will blow out the gas.-Globe-Democrat.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
Saturday, December 8, 1888.
Mills college, near Oakland, Cal, has enrolled 226 students.

According to the Catholic Rsvlew, in 1880 the Catholic population of the United States was 50,O0O, while now it is about ten milllons, CT twe-hun- dred times the number it was fifty eight years ago.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

A Mir. Clark, of Leicester, near Per ", N. T., has a skunk farm with a stock of 300 young skunks, which heis raising for theIr hides and oil. The business is said to be very profitable one, and others are talking of embark ing in the trade. Mr. Clark kills off all but the black color, as the buyers pay handsome prices fer pure black. The skunks breed like rabbits, eight to eleven at litter. The farm is daily visited by numbers of people to watch the animals play. They are tame as kittens.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

A Jersey COW in Tennessee, recently made from 19 lbs. 6 OF. of milk, , lbs. g ez. unsalted butter-a pound of but ter from little over 5 lbs. of milk. and the Southern Livestock Journal says: Think Of it, you dairymen who keep cows that require 20 to 35 pounds of milk to make ID. of butter.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
$50 REWARD

will pay the above reward for information that will lead to the arrest and conviction of the party or parties that tore the pickets from the fence that is around my little child's grave. ALIEN. GRANDON.
 Globe, A. T., Oct. 2d, 1888.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

A telegram from Middleton, N. Y, states that pleuro-pneumonia among cattle in that neighborhood has as sumed alarming proportions. A large number of animals have dled of the disease, and a Government inspector is engaged examining and condemn ing cattle. When the disease is found in herd all the cattle are killed. The Government pays S15 head fer each animal affected, and full value for others of the herd.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

This is a singular coincidence, if true, as stated m a recent dispatch, that the efficlal canvass in West Vlr- ginia shows the election of three Re- publican COngressmen, each by ma- jority Ot thirteen. In the opinion of these candldates5 thirteen is not such an unIucky number alter all
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
\. 0. 6. F.
Msss0Hic!

Regular communication Of White Noun tain Lodge. No. 3, A. r. & A. Nj. meet Thursdays on or succeeding each ful Moon. Sojourr1ng Brethren in good stand ing cordially invited.
 By order of the ". NJ.
 CHAS. T. MARTIN, sus7tf7 Secretary,
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

Pcstofice, Globe, Arizona. Range and res ideuce miles north of Globe.
 Cattle Brand T G on right hip; 3 IL be- longing to members of the family. Ear-marks, right crop and split; left underbit, Horses branded same on shoulder.
 Member Globe Stock Growers Association.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

All calves branded in addition V on left jaw. Horses branded flying V on left thigh. Range east of Sierra Ancha Mountain and west of White Mountain Indian Reservation.
 Member of Globe Stock Growers Associa- tion. See reward. J. J. VOSBURGH,
 P. q. address-Globe, Arizona.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
G7EA ExCAmPmENT, NC. 3.

To. O. F. meets on the second and fourth Fridays in each month. Visiting brethren in good standing cordially invited to attend. E. H. COOK, c. P.
 LYMAN SULTAN, Scribe.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

The hippopotamus seems to be as surely on the road to extermination by hunters as the American buffalo is. Von Francois, the Congo explorer, says the huge but innocent pachyderms are already scarce in the waters that ence teemed with them, and laments that they have been shot dewn by hundreds n mere wanton sport, their valuable hides being rarely removed.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

"Yes, Uncle Cicero, I've got job fer you, but It consists in saving that pile of weed out there.
 "Well, sah, Tse berry sorry, but I'll hab to decline, sab. 1 cant ford to hab de passing public think I bet on on lection. It would hurt my repu- tatien, sab. Good-day, sah.-N. Y. World.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
FOR SALE.

My property in the town of Globe and all my cattle are offered for sale. For further information, address JOHN KENNEDY,
 Tucson, Arizona.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
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Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

A new story is called "The Editors Purse. There is nothing in it.--Ex.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
',Iucllu-PaIba." |"

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Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

Flies, reaches, ants, bed-bugs, rats, mice gophers, chipmunks, cleared out by "Reugt on Rats" 15c.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08

Quick, complete cure, all Kidney, Bladder and Urinary Diseases, Scalding, Irritation, Stone, Gravel, Catarrh of the Bladder. q, Druggists.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-12-08
"Ecush on Corns."

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