Arizona weekly citizen., 1888-06-16
MORALES.
Its Ori gin and EnyirOnnsnts-imPor as Commercial Market and Prolnisins Future.

Its Origin and EnyirOninents-AinP nPor'@noS
 n. a Commercial Market and PrOInising
 Future.
 The town of Nogsles derives it's name from the Spanish for walnut, and was so called because there were very many walnut trees here when 1t was first set tied, but now there are scarcely any m the immediate neighbOrhoOd.
 It is situated on the line between ArI- zona and Mexico in the southeastern part of Pims County, in SIS north lRtl- tude and 34a west longitude from Wash ipgton. The southern terminus of the New Mexico & Arizons and the north ern terminus of the Sonora Railway are st this place. IL is seventy-four miles to Tucson the county seat and ten miles to the next railroad station which is Oslsbssss.
 Nogales is sbout 1862 feet above the sea and the extremes ofthe thermome- ter are from sbout 20 to 95 degre s sbOye zero. The average rainfall IS about 3O inches.
 Nogales is picturesquely situated in small valley and surrounded by tall mountain ranges with their valleys and osfions and natural curiosities which Rf- for pleasant resorts for pleasure seekers. The deer, bear and lions that abound offer tempting bait for the hunter and naturalist.
 Among the most noteworthy of the mountain ranges in this vicinity are the Santa Ritss CD the north, distance about fitte ,n miles, the PsinGOnIss on the east, on the west are the Psjsritos, about twelve miles from here, Five miles north of here at the POtrerc there is water all the year round, and also in the Santa Cruz rIver. six miles east of here. To the Psiaritos there are several cur iositias, viz, an immense rock rises near ly three hundred feet into the air and if oln only be ascended on one side, there are also .wo smaller ones, one of which IS cn a mountain and can be seen fer miles, It is called Thumbs Butte. Be- sides these there are two box csnons, ono of which is 6 quarter of mIle long and in some places the sides are one hundred feet high; there is 8 smaller one which is remarkable for cave large enough for a wagon to turn around in. There is aaother cave op the side of a mountain in which 9 number of lndiGn relics were found. and also a skeleton. which they supposed to be that of | were out on the wsr-psth.
 There are no hostile Indians in this part of the country now. and the only friendly ones are the Pspsgoes who come around selling horses, salt and in the mountains.
 Mining is extensively carried on ID the SRnta Rita and Patagonia monn- II a.. Tn a | first class smelter and sampling works on the north edge of town.
 Stock raising is largely carried on and | agriculture receives some attention, but | not on large scale as the water has tO be brought in diiches or drawn from wells. The soil is very rich in the val leys but on the hills and ID the csfi IDS II is SO rocky that nothiUg of any conse- quence can be raised.
 The American inhabitants of Nogales are principally engaged in business and trade with Sonora
 The first settlement was made by a
 Ysqui Indian about 1880 and later a
 man named Jose Vasquez settled here.
 The first settlement on the Ameriosn
 side was made by Jew named lssacs ton. who starred store in 'S2.
 There are two churches on the Amer
 icsn side, the Spanish Methodist and
 the Congregational. They are both built
 of adobe tor mud briek). with shIDgle
 roofs, and are nicely finished up inside
 Each church has good organ, the one
 Tn the Congregational Church beinG
 valued st s400. There are two public
 schools, one on each side of the lIre
 and there is a boarding school on tht
 American side. The public school or
 the American slde is a good substRntia
 building with green blinds on the win
 dows; it is divided into two apartments
 and is furnished with patent decks. II ! has 0 good organ and Manikln. There
 are three large hotels, the largest o } which is built of stone and cost 0,C0O There are also five restaurants, titeeI
 mercantile houses, six meat markets two livery stables, one blacksmith shop one tin shop, three drug stores, on, brewery, four saloons, three barbe
 shops, three bakeries, one dressmaker
 two tsilors, one ssddler, two shoe msk CTS, two churches, three schools, onr , lumber yard, two iAils, two boston houses. and two printing houses. Ther are about one hundred and fifty privat
 buildings. They are constructed chief
 of stone, adobe and lumber.
 The oldest iuhabitant in the town l Jose YssqueZ, and the oldest Inhsbitau on the American side is Mir, J. T. Brick wood. Mir. Brickwood came to NOgRie ! in July of 'S2; be is 3S years old an , was born Dec. l9:h, lS49. at FariDI Illinois. He now has fine selocn O : the corner of Morl.y Ave. and Icterna , tional street.
 I n,L n1 l 2 are the principal tree. but most any : thing can be raised with care. In the mountains are found CalifOrni s mountain hons, bear. wolves, coyote !, partners, lynx, wild cat=, raccoOD, fOxe rabbits, cotton tails, skunks and squi . rels. The domestic animals are horse i, COWS, sheep, goats, mules, burros, dog 2 pigs and cats.
 The birds are the eagle, buzzsI, hawk. crow, owl. dove, black bird, mock i, ing bird. canary, lark, orioles, roa ss runners, woodpeckers, jays, sparrow and pigeons.
 No fish are iourd near here; but I !. Mexico they are plentiful in the river The reptiles are the rattle, blacl
 whip and king snakes, the Gila monste
 horned toad and hz4rd; the ;Brsntuli
 centipede, scorpion and other insects ar
 found.
 There has been but one earihquak
 and that was very slight; it occurred O
 the 3d of Msy. 1887, at about 2G0 ?, m. It may interest you to hear abou some of the old ruins around here; nea Oslsbssss are the Hsciendss and oil Fort Mason. And sbout five miles lou !, CT down there IS 6 house where som 2 people were killed by the Indians abou twenty years ago; there is still the prin of hand in blood on the wall. Thre , miles from Tubso are the ruins Of tn Tumscscori Mission.
 GEORGE s. SRARLE, NogLles, Pima Uo., Aril
 Age Is years II months.