St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-12-23
ALL CIVILIZATION ANXIOUS.
The Whole World Is Discussing the Pos
sibilities Of SANKEY'S Temperance.
A CENTURY OF EXPLORATION.
The Hundred Years of Travel Have Not
Even Given a Satisfactory
Map Of Africa.
Special Cable to the Globe.

LONDON, Dec. 22.-The news from
Zanzibar and from st. Thomas has
again set all the world discussing the
possibilities Of Henry NJ. SANKEY'S re-
appearance and of the successful ter
mination of his arduous enterprise.
The meager dispatches received by the
English Emin Bey Relief association
indicate that Stanley reached Emin
early in April last, and that part of the
combined forces was sent into the Bahr-
El-GhaZel for the purpose of reconnoi-
tering around Knartoum. This recon-
noiSsance undoubtedly had two objects,
viz: to get a good survey of the coun-
try for a second and larger expedition
that would attempt the capture of
Khartoum, and the crushing of the
mahdi's power in Central Africa, and to
enable the Emin party to get the large
store of ivory in Emin's possession we'll
on its way to the Aruwimi. Both
of these objects, it is be-
lieved, have been ACCOMPLISHED, and
the announcement of the arrival OF
Stanley and Emin at Stanley Falls may
be looked for within few days. In
view of this anticipated event and the
fact that this is the centennial of the
founding of the African association,
leading papers throughout England to-
day publish a brief survey of the work
hitherto accomplished towards unveil-
ing the mysteries of the African CONT
nent. The African association was
founded in London in 17SS under the
presidency of Sir Joseph Banks, the
famous naturalist. In that year all that
was known of Africa was the coast line,
except at the cape, where there was
Dutch settlement: the region between
the Senegal and the Gambia, and Egypt,
which was known as far as the junction
exception of the lower Nile the courses,
as well as sources, of all the
FOUR GREAT AFRICAN RIVERS
were entirely unknown. The aSSocia-
ton devoted itself at the outset to the
exploration of the Niger. diSpatching
party after party, but all in vain. Its
chief traveller. Mungo Park, was killed
without having settled the question in
1905, and an expedition under Turkey
sent to the Congo in 1916 came to grief
without having traverSed the region of
the lower cataracts. The first great
successful Journey was that of Clapper
ton, who in 1924, starting from Tripoli,
discovered Lake Chad. He died while
on his second journey QS20, but his
servant, Lander. in 1880 reached the
Niger and sailed down the river. In
1881 the African association was
merged in the Royal Geographical
society, Meanwhile the French eXpedi-
ton to Egypt had drawn attention to
that country, and to the problem of the
Nile, which under the rule Of Mehemet
Ali continued to be open throughout its
lower course to European travellers. In
1923 Khartoum was founded at the juno
the foundation of Durham, in Natal,
marks the progress of settlement at the
southern end of the continent. while the
French conquest of Algiers in 1880 laid
the foundation for a systematic eXplora-
ton from the Mediterranean province
which the French are still striving to
connect with their possessions In Sene-
gambia and on the upper Niger. In 1S49
Liyingstone'S discovery of Lake Ngami
gave
AN IMPULSE TO EXPLORATION
that has never since been lost. Living
stone himselfset out further north, and
made his memorable double journey
across the continent. During this period,
1865. Barth, travelling in the service of
the British government, carried OIL his
researches in the region of the Western
Sahara. In 1858 Burton and Spoke
struck upon Lake Tanganyika, and
Speke upon the Victoria Nyanza. In
1862 Spoke and Grant established the
connection between this great lake and
the Nile. LivingtOne's last Journeys,
1868, were devoted TO the question of
the Luapula. Starting from the east
coast. he assembled the RovUma to Lake
Nyassa. touched the south end of Tan
ganyika and discovered Lakes Moero and
Bangweolo. At this time he leaned to
the theory that the Luapula must
be the Congo. In conjunction with
Stanley, who had been sent to
find" him, Livingstone established
the fact that Tanganyika has no outlet
at its northern end. In 1878 Livingstone
died. and the last great discovery was
left for Stanley. The journey in which
Stanley crossed TIE continent QS74-O
and tracked the Congo from Nyangwe
| TO its estuary, had a further stimulating
effect OH discovery. The great pioneer
ing tasks, the settling not merely of the
Niger and the Nile, but also of the
Zambesi and the Congo, were the work
of the Anglo-SaXon. The hundred
wears of travel have not handed Africa
over to Europe or to civilization, or even
given a satisfactory map. 1t is hoped
that Stanley has made new and inpor-
tant discoveries, and that few more
wears may so far finish the map OF
Africa as to leave no more OF those
great blanks that are to be measured by
hundreds of thousands OF square miles.