davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21
. WHITE LEAD.
How IL II Manufactured In Various Cou.,
tries and of What II Is Composed.

How IT II Manufactured In Various Coua,
tries and of What II Is Composed
White lead Il not a simple cartsanate.
tut a compound Of hytlrate with ear
Donate of laa1. in proportions VARYING
from two to four Of carbonate to one u
hydrate. There are three methods by
which it is made on the large scale.
known as the French, English and
Dutch methods; they all depend pri-
marily on the formation Of the basic
acetate Of lead and its conversion into
carbonate. In the French method
solution OF basic acetate Of lead is pre-
pared by the digestion of litharge with
acetic acid or solution Of acetate of
lead, or by the action Of acetic acid ON
finely divided metallic lead with access
OF air. In this solution is forced
carbonic acid gas. which precip-
itates two-thirds of the lead, and this.
after settling, is collected and dried.
The supernatent clear liquid, which is
neutral or slightly acid solution OF
acetate OF lead. is boiled with litharge.
and the basic acetate thus formed again
treated with carbonic acid. Experi-
ence has shown that it is not absolutely
necessary to have the basic acetate Of
lead completely in solution as in the
French process.
In the English process, litharge, with
about one per cent. Of acetate (sugar of
iead), is mixed with water to q moist
mass, and exposed under constant STIR
ring to the action Of carbonic acid,
when the litharge Is converted with
great rapidity into white carbonate.
The Dutch process, which is the old
est in use. consists in exposing thin
sheets of lead to vapors and acetic acid
and carbonic acid for long period.
In earthen vessels are placed sheets Of
lead rolled into the form of a spiral:
into the bottom of these vessels, but not
in contact with the lead, is poured a
mixture OF weak vinegar aud sub
stances capable of fermentation, AZ
yeast; plate OF lead serves as cover.
From l.500 to 1900 vessels thus pre-
pared are piled together in so-called
too9en, and surrounded with spent bark
or stable litter; after six weeks the lead
will be found thiekly coated or entirely
converted into white carbonate. The
acton is here substantially the same as
IN the other processes given; the lead
is first converted into acetate. and sub
sequently into carbonate by the carbon
lc acid given off by the decomposing
matters present, which also serve to
maintain an elevated temperature The
Dutch white lead contains more oxide
of lead and possesses more body than
the French. but is said to have greater
tendency. when used as a paint with
oil, to turn yellow on exposure. White
lead is frequently adulterated with 9th
er substances. principally sulphate of
baryta TOie1o RI-}e
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21
ABOUT DYNAMITE.
How the Dangerous and Powerful Explo-
siye Is Manufactured.

How the Dangerous and Powerful Explo-
sive Is Manufactured.
Few people know what dynamite is,
though the word is in common use. It
is giant gun-powder, that is, an ex-
plosive material varying in strength
and safety of handling according to the
percentage of nitro-glycer1ne it con-
tains. Nitro-slyeerine, whence it derives
its strength, is composed of ordinary
glycerine and nitric acid, COM
pounded together in certain proper
tons and at certain temperature
Nitro-glycerine, though not the strong
est explosive known, being exceeded in
power by nitrogen and osher products
of chemistry, is thus far the most ter
rible explosive manufactured to any ex-
tent. Nitro-giycerine itself is not safe
to handle, hence dynamite is preferred.
1t is extensively made and consumed ia
the United States under the various
names of Giant, Hercules, Jupiter and
Atlas powders. all of which contain any,
where from twenty to eighty per cent. of
itio-glycerine, the residue of the
compound being made up of rotten
stone, non-explosive earth. saw dust,
charcoal, plaster of paris, black powder
or some other substance that takes up
the glycerine and makes a porous,
spongy mass. Nitro-glycerine was dis
covered py Salvero, an Italian chemist,
in lS45. Dynamite is prepared by
simply kneeding with the naked hands
twenty-five per cent. of infusorial earth
and seventy-tive of nitro-glycerine
until the mixture assumes putty con-
dition not unlike moist brown sugar.
Before mixing, the infusorial earth is
ealcined III q furnace, in order TO burn
out all organic matter, and it is also
sifted to free it of large grains. While
still moist it is squeezed into cartridges.
which are prepared of parchment paper.
and the firing is done by illuminate Of
silver in copper capsules provided with
patent exploders. Nitro .glycerine is
made of nitric acid enc part and sui
phuric acid two parts, to which is add
ed ordinary glycerine, and the mixture
is well washed with pure water.
The infusion is composed of small
microscopic silicious shells which have
lost their living creatures. The cellu-
lar parts receive the nitro glyeerine and
hold it by capillary attraction. both in
side and out The earth is very light
Water is expelled from it by means OF
furnace and then. in the form of pow
der. it is mixed with nitro-glycerine.
Nitro glycerine has sweet, aromatic.
pun"ent taste, and the peculiar proper
ty of causing u violent headache when
placed in a small quantity on the tongue
orwriSt. 1t freezes at forty degrees Fab
renheit, becoming white. half crystal
lied mass, which must be melted by
he application of water at a tempers-
ure about one hundred degrees Fab
-enhcit American AudlUst
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21
OYSTER CULTIVATION.


SOME Points About How They Are Grown
In Long island sound.
In connection with the attempt about
to he male to plant and cultivate oys-
tiers IN Elliott's Bay. it will prove in
teresting to those concerned in the
experiment to know some thing Of the
plans adopted elsewhere and presum-
ably under substantially similar condi-
tons. A published report states that
the oyster growers along the upper
Atlantic coast have had better season
this year than ever before. The whole
number Of acres under cultivation in
the vicinity OF Stratford and Bridge
port. Conn. is s5.567. The oyster in
dustry has been built up there mainly
within the last twelve or fifteen years,
and Notwithstanding the ravages of
startish and other enemies Of the oyster
some Of the principal growers have
become rich. The Connecticut laws
reserve as public grounds oyster beds
within mile Of mainland, and any
resident of the State may gather shell
fish upon these grounds. Private beds
extend for ten miles out into Long
Island Sound, and a large feet Of small
steamers is kept constantly at work
upon them the year round.
In the spring the beds are covered
with shells to replace the oysters that
have been taken up. and later in the
season the boats are kept busy taking
up and destroying star-fsh and chang
ing young stock from one bed to an
other. Dredgers begin their opera
tons in the fall. and then the grower
reaps his harvest. Beginning at this
time Of year. the whole force of steam
ers again tackle the star-fsh. The
oysters are taken up in dredges. culIed
over. all the stars. wrinkles and drills
picked out by hand. and the oysters
put back on new ground. If steamer
and its crew of five hands gather
three bushels of stars in a day it is
considered a profitable employment
and some Of the boats take up more
than fifty bushels daily. Oysters grow
to marketable size in three or four
years. according to whether they are
for foreign or home consumption.
Oysters can not be kept without
knowledge OF their habits. They feed
twice in day of twenty-four hours.
and then just ut that stiffness proceed
ing the turn of the tide. At no other
time. except when feeding. do they
open their mouths When taken ont
of the water they naturally attempt to
feed at regular intervals. and as soon
as their mouths are open the liquor is
all lost. the air takes its place. and the
oyster is covered with thick coating
of slime. This is the first stage of de-
composition. after which the oyster is
Of no account Seattle Nv. T.. Post
Mteligencer.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

A machine of one-horse powe
would keep $1,000, 900 watches going.
La Nature.
Type made from paper is the
latest novelty. A process has been
patented in England by which large
type can be made from pulp.
In . paper on injurious insects
Prof. J. A. Lintner placed the total
number of insect species in the world
at so. 600. OF these found in the United
States 1000 or 5000 are fruit pests, and
and at least 2l0 attack the apple
Scientists claim that tide mill
located at the Bay OF Fundy would
generate 100000 horsepower twelve
hours day. This distributed electro
caliy aid sold to every State in the
Union would save the coal supply
The Electrical Retfep SAYS tina, the
uselessness of the lightningrod is be-
coming so generally understood that
the agents find their vocation s trying
one. Fewer and fewer rods are manu-
featured each year. and 1.-The day will
come when lightning-rod on a house
will be regarded in the same light rs \
horseshoe over mans door. y
1t is said that the big cattle rancho,
of the far West and Southwest are
breaking up. A year ago the Niobrara
Land and and Cattle Company, which
has become bankrupt. refused 1900.
900 for its property. Instead Of the big
companies swallowing the little ones,
1t 10 thought that the tendency is
toward the breaking up Of the big
ranches ipto pmsller onsA
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21
COCHlNEAl GARDENS.
An Industry That Il Carried On with Or,
Profit In Mexico

Profit In Mexico.
| The cochinella, or cochineal, is an
insect which most people would call
simply a blight. 1t is of the same kith
and kin of the mealy-bag, black-hy
scale" and several other parasitic
creatures, whose particular character
often seems to vary with vegetable
growth upon which they find them
selves developed. The plant on which
the cochineal thrives is one of the
many varities of the "prickly pear"
cactus; and the history OF its life. then,
as managed by Its human cultivator.
is of remarkable interest. The APP
pearance of q cochineal plantation,
with full crop on, is perhaps the last
thing that an ordinary observer would
imagine to belong to any thing OF COM
mercial value. Merely rows upon
rows of stunted prickly pear bushes,
with all the leaves more or less
blotched with repulsive looking blu
ish-gray mold or blight. Yet a single
acre of good cochineal ground has
been known to let at rental of $3.50 or
$500. and to change hands at as high
as $1,000. The cactus plant is raised
from a single leaf, which is often as
large as medium-sized meat dish. and
about an inch thick. The cochineal
cactus, or tuna, as the Mexicans call
it, is a species with comparatively few
and small thorns, yet it is not pleasant
ly handled, and the skill with
which women and children pass
up and down the rows dur
ing the operation of cultivating
and gathering is one of the most re-
markable features OF the work. The
single leaf is merely broken off from
ground, when it soon begins to push
new leaves around the edges. 1t is
not allowed to flower or fruit, us this
withdraws part of the nourishment
required by the insect. When the
plant has reached two or three feet IL
height. and sufficient strength. Il
mother" is carefully installed on
each leaf. This is the female insect.
whose brood in five or six months will
form the crop which the plant sup
plies, She is round and seemingly
legless bug, in appearance not unlike
a small, leaden bullet. or large shot.
The legs, however, are there, though
very minute, and she soon gets hold
on the surface of the leaf. She 10
then sheltered for time from the ex-
cessive sun or wet by rag of white
cotton tied around the leaf; and while
these are on, the plantation looks from
distance as If 1t had been daubed
with whitewash. After few days
she will be found surrounded by the
active little brood who are to form the
future crop. For week or two these
newborn mites indulge their fancy to
roam all over the surface Of the leaf.
but 1t 10 the. nrst End last ramhls n
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21
AT LAST.


mia, though upon wintry sea our life bsri
SAL .na"gb we trembe meath Its cruel gales
VIVA It's icy blast;
ss n happy port lie far before;
We s ia shining waves, its sunny shore,
W. ~ ,.e shall wander, and forget the troubled
past, $1,000.
l.. .,orms approach that quiet shore no night
III On its silver streams ana valleys bright
BILE And gardens vast;
.,.,. that pleasant land OF perfect peace
W. ,o,l. worn feet shall stay, our wanderings
o.s shall We resting, all forget the past,
AT last.
.or,ovs we have hid in silent WEAKNESS,
,,rds aboye wounded, bleeding breast
INV" Their bright plumes cast,
ur,efs like mourners in dark array,
NOT haunt our footsteps here, VIII flee away,
"a leave us to forget the sorrowful past,
AT last.
,o,ces we loved sound from those far-oh lands,
u o, ,brl our hearts: LIES golden sands
Are dropping fast
.n shall we meet by the river of peace and
4 ,,e night fees before the eye OF day,
a faded from our eyes the mournful past.
At last.
Josiah Aikens Wife.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21

al.
s'x Years against soma str,,,. :.
nueiice That WAS constantly Jr.rinn
him back 10 the scene of bis GRIN. 81 -
confession. but feeling that no hnman
being knew II his quit. bo hal aa.'
= ,,, ,s," !. we ''n ience. He ever passed
nn.ongh inc dark Kaae woods while
n''hs iof D IL sandusky that the Whale
scrh' OF ths tragedy did not rise be.
"re MIN When that SC me was re.
'ea'ed 50 mysteriously to the enoi.
neer the murderer believed that the
n'r'o'e secret was no logger his own
ne gave up the struggle and went nm !.
,esis'tng y TO his fate. He was hanged
,hree days after Is | visited him. But
w can any one explain that oueer
VISION OF Bits" -Harrisburq ira
Cor. NJ y Times.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21
FINE NEiGH6ORHOOD.
A south Carolina NsEro's Pleasant Ex
psrIencss In Tennessee.


A South Carolina negro who had
moved into Tennessee community
was asked BY white man if he liked
his neighbors.
'Oh, mighty well. sab; mighty
we'll" he replied. "Irabeled ober
seberal counties an hab circleated
roun' er good many votin' precints.
but amt foun' no neighborhood yit
dat likes lack do dis yere one.
Have the people borrowed amy
thing from you"
"Oh. vas, sab; oh, vas. Bout de
secon' day we goi we're Miz Jones she
came ober All borr.ed de sitter, an
Mr. Smif he borried my sawbuck an
Mr. Brown he come ober an said dat
he would lack ter hab our cofiee-
mill"
Did YOU let them have what they
wantcd'"
.Oh, vas, sab. ia handed en-
right cut widour word o plant. "
Hive they ever brought them
back?'
No. sab.
And still you call them good neigh
bors?'
Yes, sab
well. don't see how you can make
that ont"
Easy ernuff sab. Yer see / hab
borried err dollar frum Miz Jones. err
chunk O. err hoss frum Mr.. Snif an er
sassago grinder frum Mir Brown So
Is err good deal erhea l. On ain t
nnber Cwime AK 'em ter pay me back.
Bless yo' life. is dollars erhead now.
o.. vas, sab. dis is so fur err mighty
fine nelghborhood. '-ArsansdD 1rar-
sler
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21

What is that fellows name"
al know perfectly well, and i'll wanted
to. could tell you as quick as eoNld
say Jack Robinson" well, then, what
ton Hdtchct,
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21

Husband Ito wife. home from
ehurch)-'Service interesting this
morning. my dear?" Wife-'Not par
ticularly so, Mrs. Carlton-Pell's baby
was baptized, and they say its baptis-
NAL robe of lace cost $500. | think
there is such Il thing rs being too re-
ligious. ~ J.. San.
Idaho semi-weekly world. [volume] (Idaho City, Idaho Territory) 1875-1908, 1888-09-21

Allow do you like your land
ladyP" B,-"She is very clever woman.
but she has too much curiosity"
..lu what direction?' "She is always
asking me when am going to pay my
board bill"
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30
General News Items.

Rear-Admiral C. S. Boggs is dead.
Mr.. Conklings estate is valued at $780,
| 600.
Queen Victoria has gone from Flor
ence to Berlin.
Smallpox prevails in several sections
of Philadelphia.
John Barring, the well-known London
banker, is dead.
Dexter" the famous trotting horse,
died recently, aged thirty.
The German Emperor has been little
better for the last few days.
Thieves stole $40, 900 from an old Ital-
ian residing in the city of Mexico.
Western crop reports indicate chance
for full crop of all products except win
ter wheat.
A national convention of democratic
clubs is to be held in Baltimore in early
summer.
Mr.. Polikoff, the Russian railway king,
is dead His fortune is estimated at
$4,000, 900.
Moses Fraley, leading Spectator in
the St. Louis grain markets, has failed
for $500, 900.
Central City, OAK, few miles west of
Deadwood, was almost entirely destroyed
by fire on Friday last.
Emperor Frederick has given orders
for the prosecution of all newspapers
guilty of insulting the empress.
The Russian government has enjoined
the press of the empire against disparag-
ing the German crown prince.
Lord Harrington declares that the pre-
vention of Ireland's independence de-
ponds on the British democracy.
Forty thousand foreign Jews residing
in the Russian province of Kherson have
been ordered to cross the frontier.
Grand Master Workman Powderly de-
clraes that no Knights of Labor lecturers
shall boom any party or religion.
The bill to legalize marriage with de-
ceased wife's sister was passed in the
house of commons by a vote of 239 to
1872.
The new state house of Texas, the
largest state capitol building in the United
States, was opened for the first time at
Austin, Monday. Over $4,000 people Wis
tied the building during the night.
A hail storm of remarkable severity
passed over Alabama Monday, followed
by a heavy rain. Hail fell for an hour,
covering the ground and doing great dam
age to fruit trees and vegetables.
George H. Pendleton, United States
minister to Germany, was stricken with
apoylexy Thursday, while on a train near
Wiesbaden, to which place he had taken
a trip from Frankford. Recovery is ex-
pected.
Charles F. Tets, a German merchant
tailor, broke his wife's head with base
ball bat at Cleveland, o., yesterday morn
ing and then committed suicide by drown
ing in a canal, short distance from his
house. Mrs. Tets is not yet dead, but
her injuries are fatal. The quarrel was
about money matters.
A tnan and woman were found lying in
the street at Portland, Maine, recently,
apparently dead from the effects of pis
tol shot. The man revived and gave the
name of Edward Chase of New York.
He had been stopping at the City hotel
several days under the name of Johnson
He said the woman was Mrs. Nellie Ste
vens of Gardiner, Me. In Chase's pock-
ct was found a diary with this entry
Read this She is the daughter of Hon,
j. II. Laid of Gardiner" The woman
had been in the city some days, and it is
supposed that the couple met by appoint
ment, though the cause of the shooting is
mystery. The woman is dead, and |
Chase is not expected to live,
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30

sutton.
here.
DIR. Colby is gaining, but is not yet
able tie go out doors.
Sherman Campbell has gone back to
Lebanon, N. H.
Home Circle meets at j. E. Went
worth s next Wednesday.
Henry Ball and wife have hired out to
Henry Fairbanks, st. Johnsbury for a
year.
Mrs. Josie Gordon is a great sufferer
from dropsy. 1t is feared she will not
recover.
Miss Eta Whipple has been engaged
to teach the village school the present
year.
Miss Nellie Flint was married to Rev.
Mr. Ferguson last week and has gone to
Maine to live.
John Darling has sold his farm to John
Willard for $500. Darling intends to
go West in the fall.
Arthur Kincaid has bought the An
drew Lang farm. Lang goes to Mass,
intending to go into the mill business.
Mrs. Bradbury Eastman, who has been
sick for nearly year, died the 10Th inst.
The funeral sermon was preached by Mr..
Tracy.
1t is said that the Chapman boys have
rented the old harness shop of R. Ellis
estate, which they will fill with groceries
soon.
Mrs. N. X. Campbell came home last
Monday. She has been with her daugh-
ter, Mrs. Abbott in Lebanon, N. H.,
Christmas.
WheeIOcix.
Lila Craig has been hired to teach
school in the ''Squabble Hollow" district,
Lyndon.
Some of the sugar makers have turned
over their buckets and declare that they
have got enough for this year.
Mrs. Susan Smith is not any better
Elijah Willard who broke his hip some
time ago is quite comfortable.
About forty attended the sugar party
at the Sulloway place to eat sugar on
Mrs. H. P. Kings birth day; it was en-
joyed by all.
Elder Franklin has concluded to go to
West Rochester, N. H. He has been
here two years and has made many
friends. Sheffield and Wheelock are in
want of some one to take his place.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30
The Formulation nf Rnrfan

l. abount 400, and would say at least one-half
are troubled with some affection OF the throat and
lungs, as those complaints are according to Stats
tics, more numerous than others. We would nd.
wise all our readers not to neglect the opportunity
to call on their druggist and get bottle OF kemps
Balsam for the throat and lungs. Trial size Tree.
Large bottles oOc and 81. Sold by all Druggists.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30
Probate Business.

Hearings for week ending May 10th 1888.
May 6th at Barton Landing. Samuel
H. Wheeler, Glover, insOlvent, I'd and Sd
crs. meetings.
May 10th, Barton Landing, John Hus-
sey estate, Derby, license real estate.
Commissioners meeting, Sanford May
estate at residence of Mrs. Sarah S.
May, Barton, from till O'Clock.
Commissioners meeting, Homer Brad
ley estate at l. Il. Patterson's hotel,
Craftsbury, May -, from ten O'Clock till
4 o'clock.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30

In Craftsbury, April 81, of pneumonia, Miss
Ellen Rnmwell, aged about as years.
In Newark, April "a, James Wire aged about
80 years.
In Derby, April 81. Mrs. Mary Davis. aged 81.
In Derby, April 81, Charles Kelley, aged go.
In North Hyde Park, March 10, of pneumonia,
Lydia A. Bartlett, wife Of Salmon Carpenter, aged
10 years.
In Barton, April 25, Sylvester d. Graves, aged
81 years and months.
In Sutton, April 10, Elizabeth Jane, wife of
Bradbury Eastman, aged go years, IL months and
Is days.
CARD.-I wish to tender my heartfelt thanks TO
those friends and neighbors who so kindly assisted
during the sickness and death of my wife. May a
mercifu Father reward you abundantly, is the
prayer of BRADBURY EASTMAN.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30
Spefial 9otires.
nUcKIFN,s ARNICA SAVE.

BUCKLEN'S ARNICA SALVE.
The Best Salve in the world for Cuts, Bruises
Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum, Fever Sores, letter.
Chapped Hands, Chilblains, Corns, and all Skin
Eruptions positively cures Piles, or no pay re-
quired. Tits guaranteed to give perfect satisfac-
ton money refunded. Price rs cents Perbox.
For sale by II. G.. Pierce.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30
She Blusled

awfuly when told her what do for those horrid
pimples with which her face was covered. She
pow says If you want pink and white complexion
with nice clear smooth skin, you must use that
best of all blood uri6ers, Sulphur Bitters.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1888-04-30
BIRTHS.
MARRIED.
DIED.

RS-Allnotices ofdeaths inserte ID free. Obitu
notices and poetry EUe cent? per tfne