News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-11-15
TELEGRAPHIC DISCOVERIES.
Progress and History of the Inven-
ton

Six hundred years B. c., Thales of
Milete noted the electrical phenomena
developed by friction upon amber; two
hundred years later Plato theorized up
on electricity, and A. ID. 1922 Martinigo,
q Venetian, the engineer in defense of
Rhodes, applied one end of a drum
discover the vicinity and direction of the
enemy's underground galleries, and
thus, by utilizing the molecular disturb
ance of the earth i'll sound waves, con
ceived the basis OF telephony. 1t was
not, however, until A. ID. 1890, that
Won Guerick made the first machine for
generating FRACTIONAL electricity, nor I'M
til A. d. 1926, that Wood re corded the
fact that trictional electricity would
pass through considerable length OF
wire, and could therefore be utilized for
transmission of signals. To Wood OF
England is therefore due the honor of
first suggesting the feasibility of electric
telegTahy.
40. i735. Murschenbrok, Germany,
invented the Leyden jar, by which
means FRACTIONAL electricity could be
stored for experimental purpose s.
A. D. 1747. DR.. Watson, England,
erected the first telegraph line between
Shooters Hill and London and A. ID.
1853, G. NJ. (believed to be the Initials
of Charles Matthew'S published the
manner in which he had indicated the
letters of the alphabet through a system
of twenty six wires, by FRACTIONAL cleo
tricity. During the latter half of the
eighteenth century inventors of all ma
tions endeayored, by means of two or
more wires and FRACTIONAL electricity, to
transmit intelligence between distant
places but it was not until A. ID. 1900,
when Volta proclaimed his own and
Galvani's prior experiments in the pro
duction of chemical electricity, that
electric telegraphy, as now developed,
became practicable.
A. d. 1919. Oersted Denmark dis
covered that freely suspended magne-
tized needle would move to the right or
left, in accordance with the polarity Ct
a current of electricity through an. ad-
jacent wire.
A. d. 1920 Arago (France) discoy-
cred that when bar of soft iron was
wound with a copper or insulated wire,
it became n magnet, whenever current
of electricity traversed the wire, and was
Immediately demagnetized (or nearly
SOY when the wires were disconnected
from the source of current.
A. d. 1882. Faraday (England dis
covered that when coil of insulated
wire was placed adjacent to but not
connected with another coil of wire,
through which an intermittent current of
electricity was passed, induced currents
of increa Sed intensity and alternating
polarity were developed in the unat-
tached coil. Also that the movement
of permanent bar magnet within
coil of wire or the movement of al cleo
tro-magnet near the poles of perma-
nent magnet would develop currents of
electricity.
To the foregoing rudimental discover
les of GalvGna and Volta, Oersted, Arago
and Faraday is the world indebted for
the numerous subsequent inventions
which have developed electric telegra-
ply, plating, illumination, ansmissiOn
of power and other valuable results
attained during the nineteenth century.
From Woods first conception of au
electro telegraph, A. ID. 1926, more than
n century elapsed before Cooke and
Wheatstone (England), A. d. 1897, adj
apted Oersted's discovery of A. D. 1919,
to the first practical and commercially
successful system of what may be termed
visual electric telegraphy and some
months later Morse and Vail UNITED
States) adapted Arago's discovery of A.
ID. 1920, to the first system of recording
electric telegraphy, Vail being the in
yentor of the dot and dash alphabet
A. ID. 1888, Steinhill, Germany, adap-
ted Oersted's discovery to the first re-
6 Ao1D
graphy, and first utilized the earth in
lieu of o second wire or all metallic cir
cult. III is by no means certain that
through a Wire, or that n vvnvo of cleo
tricity like the waves of a sound, traYer
stS It. 1t is simply n customary expires
sion to indicate a difference in and
around wire to the conditions in which
said wire was when no electricity was
present i'll it.
A. ID. 1889. Wheatstoue invented the
step by step alphabetical Indicating tel
e8rapE and A. ID. 1913, House, Eng
land, invented the alphabetical type
printing telegraph, which was subsc-
quent,y improved upon by Hughes,
England
A. D. 1916. Balm, England. invented
the chemical dot and dash recording
telegraph, which, combined with Wheat.
stones automatic transmitter, hereipaf-
ter explained, is the most rapid method
OF conveying Intelligence in present OPP
Grafton.
FINAL! y, A. ID. 1876, Bell, United
States, invented the telephone, and 10y
accomplishing the electrical transmits
SION OF speech, thus attained possibly
the highest degree of perfection in in
reorganization of intelligence f.
W. Glsborne, of the Canadian Civil En-
pineerS