davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
Wa Shing Butter.

A lady correspondent of the Ohio
Farmer who keeps small dairy of
cows and does not believe in washing
butter, relates her experience. AS to
washing butter the correspondent SAYS ::
This is not necessary in cold weather,
and l cannot see why people practice
this plan. When the butter comes hard
it is much better without any water
about it; has a better color; tastes bet
ter; will keep much better, and will sell
a good deal better than it will to be al
streaked through with water, and all It's
sweet good taste washed out of it. |
dislike to see streaked butter. / would
like to give a little of my experience,
and l wish some one would for an ex-
pertinent try it few times. 1t seems
to me she could not help saying that it
is a good way.
The manner of making butter and
working it is as follows:
| scald my churn; wait till the hot
steam passes off, and then put in my
cream, sweet do not stop to sour it as
some do; that spoils it sometimes), and
at this season of the year I put in
couple of quarts of milk, as
the cream is so very thick that
we could not churn it without. Then
we churn little till it swells almost to
the top, then if it is slow going down 1
know 1t is too cold, and put in some milk
about as warm as new milk. hen the
butter will soon come, nice and solid. l
draw the dash up and down with some
butter on it to take it all down, then,
having my bowl ready, I take it out, and
if it is too hard l work it with my hands
till get most of the milk out, then |
salt it and work it, then with a cloth and
some water wipe out the milk that cant
pour out of the bowl. When | get the
cloth full put it into the water and
wiring 1t cut dry, and keep wiping my
bowl and putting the butter to one side
till have it as dry as possible. Then
take out what want to use, and work
the rest of it more if necessary, and put
it away for market. If it should come
soft | set it one side then work it again,
but try to have it little cold, as it is
so much better to work it into rolls and
put it away. 1t will not be full of
streaks. If Iput it away to work the
second time, it would be sure to have
streaks in it.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.

1t is we'll known now that steel is
/ superior to iron, where tension AMI
strength is necessary.
1t has been estimated that after a
lapse of 10, coo, 600 years the sun cannot
give out sufficient heat to support life
on earth.
A Frenchman claims to have invented
thermometer so sensitive that its in
dex needle will defect two inches upon
the entrance of person into the room
where it has been placed.
The remarkable finish of American
papers is impaired by the addition Of a
mineral called ''agalith," silicate Of
magnesia somewat resembling asbestos
| in texture. 1t is found only in the
United States.
A triumph in electric lighting was
achieved recently in Vienna, when, dur
ing a performance at the opera, more
than 5000 17-candle power lamps were
burning for more than four hours with
out flicker from irst to last.
Natural gas is reported to have been
discovered at Pete sborough, England.
The clay there when subjected to heat in
a close vessel yielded a dense smoke,
gas for considerable time.
A Mr.. Myer has just patented, in Ger
many, composition for removing old
varnish from OBJ iects. 1t Is obtained by
mixing five parts of thirtysix per cent.
silicate of potash, one of forty per cent.
soda I've, and one of sal ammOniac (hy-
drochlorate of ammonia).
The giant of all guns is in process of
construction. Krupp's German gun
works are making 132-ton gun for the
Italian ironclad Sardegna. 1t will be
524 feet long, with bore of 1871 inches.
1t Will fire a steel sheel of 1880 pounds,
with an initial velocity of 2411 feet per
second, or one of 2314 pounds at 2099
feet per second.
Weather prophets will be interested in
learning that one of the exhibits at the
Jubilee Flower Show in Vienna was a
$opical plant belonging to the order of
MimOsa, the owner of which claims to be
able to foretell storms and earthquakes
forty-eight hours in advance by observ-
ing the appearance and position of the
most sensitive leaves of the plant.
l. N. McMullen, of Cleveland, Ohio,
has captured real aerolite. He was en-
joying an evening smoke upon the piazza
of his home when a blazing OBJ
ject came hurting through the
air and lodged in the earth
only few feet away. He found, two
feet below the surface of the ground,
sphere that had the appearance of copper.
1t was hot, and pierced with holes like
sponge. Adelbert College professors
are making an analysis of it.
A scientist who has plenty of spare
time on his hands declares that cubic
inch of air in a room contains 30, 319, 600
particles of dust, and they contain all
kinds of deadly things, which injure the
lungs and other delicate portions of the
interior department. This shows how
great risk man runs when he INDUCES
in the prevalent fashion of breathing. 1t |
has got to be, according to scientists,
about as much as mans life is worth tc
breathe, but there are persons who will |
continue to do it or die in the attempt.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
Making Campaign Banners.

A New York Telegram reporter visited
one of the campaign manufacturing es
adjustments and witnessed the method
of making election portraits.
The portrait gallery was fully one
hundred feet deep and thirty or forty
feet in width. 1t blazed through its en-
tire length with mammoth paintings of
the presidential candidates. They are
in oil and quite artistic considering the
almost mechanical method of construc-
ton.
The first stage in making these picto
rial banners is to stretch common muslin
on a wooden frame, say eight by ten feet.
The muslin is then treated to a wash of
water and glue and colored with yellow
ochre. The muslin thus gets 'body"
equal to that of canvas, and the sizing
prevents the paint from soaking in. A
large stencil is lowered by pulley ar
rangement on to the prepared canvas.
This stencil is cut in pasteboard and is a
design for the border. 1t requires about
as much skill to stencil the border on
one of these pictures as it does to stencil
a brand on the head of barrel. A sec
ond stencil is that of the outlines of the
portrait. Another stencil is laid on and
tIiN VI Si"NOl IhDo u ClOlll ONCI IL WHICH
contains powdered charcoal When re-
moved there are dotted lines running all
over the picture in every curve and angle.
This last stencil is called the color
ch1rt; each space dotted out is a guide
to the painter, who lays on a certain TINT.
A fac smile of the color chart is before
him, and every tint is numbered and
similar numbers designate the paint pots.
ANY one capable of handling a brush can
lay on these tints. All that is necessary
is to darb the paint of pot No. on the
space No. l, No. 2 on No. ,, etc. 1t is
surprising how many colors and tints il
rcIuires to produce the flesh color and
light and shades of a face, especially
when the portrait is that of a robust |
man.
Next comes the work of the artist, and |
for the finishing touches artists of ability
are required. The picture is carefully |
gone over with a brush and the tints and !
colors blended. Any artist can finish !
about twelve of these portraits in a day. |
A banner such Us may lie found deco !
rating the headquarters of various ward |
clubs consists of four portraits, two for
each side, and there is centre piece of
an eagle, Goddess of Liberty, or some
other device. These banners, mounted
on netting, cost all the way from $40 to
5000.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12

CaTlitiower, kale, celery, lettuce, etc,
are blanched by the best cultivators be-
fore being offered for sale. Early cab
bage may also be improved by the same
means used for caulitlower and lettuce,
that is simply tying the outer leaves
over the plant for some days before be-
ing cut. Gardening illustrated, an Eng
lish periodical, has a timely article on
this subject, wherein it states that tying
up early cabbage is now practiced in
England. AS to the operation, it says,
the soft outer-leaves are folded carefully
around the heart or center of the plant,
and the whole is bound firmly with a
withe or piece of bast.
There are several good reasons given
by market-growers for tbs practice.
The center being protected from the
weather, the cabbages heart sooner by
two or three weeks than they would
otherwise do, and they are more easily
handled in gathering and packing for
market. The plan is one that is seldom
adopted in private gardens, but there
can be no doubt that it is one that can
De recommended, inasmuch as there is
gain of week or two as regards cutting,
and compact little cabbagcs are always
preferable to loose ones. which, more
over, are apt to get broken, or otherwise
injured in gathering. 1t may be worth
while to test this method with early cab
bages in the United States. farm,
Field and tSt0ckmGR.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
Right to the Use ofWate:.

The Legal Adcisv, published at
Chicago, gives its readers some informa-
ton respecting water rights, which has
been source of great trouble and much
litigation between neighbor farmers.
1t is a general principle, says the
writer that every owner of land upon a
natural stream of water has the right to
use the water for any reasonable pur-
pose not inconsistent with with a SIM
lar right in the owners of the land above.
below, and opposite to him. He may
take the water to supply his dwelling to
lrrigate his land, or to Quench the thirst
of his cattle; to use it for manufacturing
purposes, such as the supplying of steam
boilers or the running OF water wheels
or other hydraulic works, 50 long as
such use does not sensibly and injuriously
affect its volume. But this is a mere
privilege running with the land, not a
property in the water itself
Where the stream is small and does
not supply water more than sufficient to
answer the wants of the different pro.
prietOrs living on the stream, none OF
the proprletOrs can use the water for
either irrigation or manufacturing, but
for domestic purposes aud watering
NNO'A' Wv l'''l'lIS'Ci VIII &c .tLotlHNi III
consuming all the water.
Twenty years. use adverse to the right
of another will give the person so
using the stream the right to continue
the use, regardless of the others rights.
And as to the division of water, every
farmer who owns land situated upon
stream has the following rights:
1st. To the natural flow of the stream.
2. That it shall continue to run in its
accustomed channels.
3D.. That it shall How upon h s land in
its usual quantity, natural place, and
usual height.
4th. That it shall flow Of his land
upon the land of his neighbor below, in
accustomed place, and at its usual level.
These rights he has rs an incident to
the property in his land, and he cannot
be deprived of it by Grant or descrip
ton
If any farmer shall! make any change in
the natural Tow of sire IN to the ma
terial in. ury OF any other owner situated
upon it, or by any interference shall pre-
vent the stream from flowing rs it was
wont to flow, he IS responsible for the
dam &c he nav occasion. These rights
are subject to the privilege of each one
Of the farmers to make a reasonable use
of the water upon his own land, While
it is passing along the same. 1t matters
not what The source OF the water may
be, whether it be back ate. O. the tiuw
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
Fortunes in Falls

1t is not the fortunate lot of every one
to own beautiful and romantic Falls,
that the public is ready to spend money
to see. An exceptional man was Michael
Moore, recently deceased at the age Of
81, who was proprietor of Trenton Falls,
\. y. lie didn't own the Falls by
right of original discovery, but he
married them, as one might say, his
wife being a daughter of Sherman, the
original proprietor, who we suppose
bought them of the Indians for mere
song. Indians had no idea of the value
of Fails. What fortune they had in
Niagara ii they had only knownit. But
they let it go, and now they are com,
pclled to pay for the privilege of selling
beaded pincushions aud moccasins there
flats Sittjngs
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
How the Chinese Farmers Obtain Bean
Cakes and Belm Oil.

A recent consular report furnishes the
following queer facts: At Ming Hong,
avillage some twenty miles from Shang
hal, there is bean-cake establishment,
employing about fifty men. Water
bulfaloes (bos bubalus) propel the clumsy
machinery, about thirty being required
to do what one small steam engine could
easily perform. Two ponderous stone
wheels reyolve in opposite directions, and
at the same time have second motion,
both of them being run around a stone
platform, and at regular intervals guam
tity of beans fall from hopper and are
ground beneath the heavy wheels. The
oil that is expressed finds its way into a
reservoir, and what is left is removed
and distributed along a circular stone
groove, about nine inches deep and ten
yards in diameter. y stone wheel,
beveled to an edge, is run around in this
groove, and forms a most laboriouS but
effectual method of pulverizing the
beans. This beveled wheel is dragged
around by blindfolded buffalo. Being
blindfolded, he avoids dizziness, which
constant travelling around circle would
produce, and is less likely to become in
subordinate.
After the pulverization process is COM
plete the pulp is steamed. The fire used
IN keeping up steam is made with rec
or wheat chaff. Handful by handful this
light article is tossed into the fire, by
which means great heat is secured. After
steaming, the mass is pressed into cakes.
The size of the cakes vary from eight
inches to about thirty inches in diameter,
resembling the appearance of grind.
stones. The pless consists of hori
zontal frame on which number of the
forms are placed. Pressure is obtained
by wedges. Farmers take their beans to
these establishments to be converted
into cakes, and in some localities the
bean cake maker takes the oil for his
recompense instead of money. When
soaked in water bean cake makes a good
winter fodder for cattle. 1t is also used
as a fertilizer.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
THE CITY o. THE DEAD.

They do neither plight nor wed
In the city of the dead,
In the city where they sleep away the hours
But they lie, while DER them range
Winter blight and summer change,
And hundred happy whisperings of flowers.
No, they neither wed nor plight,
And the day is like the night,
For their vision is of other kind than ours
They do neither sing nor sigh,
In that burgh of by and by,
Where the streets have grasses growing, cool
and long;
But they rest within their bed,
Leaving all their thoughts unsaid,
Deeming silence better far than sob or song
No, they neither sigh NOR sing,
Though the robin be a-w.ng,
Though the leaves of autumn march a million
strong.
There is only rest and peace
In the City of SurceaSe,
From the faiIings aud the wailings meath the
sun,
And the wings of the swift years
Beat but gently DER the biers,
Making music to the slaaperS, every one.
There is only peace and rest;
But to them it seemeth best,
For they lie at ease and know that life is
dona
-Riehard +. Burton, in the Century.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12

We are getting very near the day
when the candidate will begin to be
solicitous about the voters health, and
will take great pains to kiss the baby,
and if it be a pretty baby, to dilate upon
its likeness to its father. The short
memoried father will be delighted at the
attention. and will not remember until
after election day that the candidate did
precisely the same thing four years ago,
while Willie was a baby, and, strange
to relate, has failed to ask after Willie
since. But the short-memoried father
will have voted when these things come
to mind, and the candidate will laugh
softly to himself as he files away his
solicitousness until another campaign
comes around. Politics is quite as much
of science as astronomy or baseball
HarPer'S BGzaT.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
What Kent Him Alive.

A young man named John Haley, who
was married last fall, contracted a severe
cold while river dri ing that terminated
i'll pneumonia. His wife was in Min
nesota, where he intended TO Join her as
soon as he got off the drive 4 tele-
gram was sent to her, and she arrived in
season only to see her husband alive, he
seemingly having fought against death
to see her face once more As she en-
tered the room he rose III bed and re,
marked: 81 wanted to sec you and am
now willing to go" After these words
were spoken he fell ba k upon the
pillow. turned upon his side, aad died.
. HONltOn (Kc.l Pi0ncnr
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
A Voting Machine.

A system of automatically taking and
recording votes at elections has been in
vented and patented by John w. Rhines
of st. Paul. Printed tickets are done
away with altogether, each voter record.
ing mis- vote by means of q machine
This machine consists of box in which a
series of keys are used to print numbers
upon endless slips of paper running upon
rollers. The keys run crosswise in rows
on the lid of the box, each row repre-
senting a candidate, while each key re-
presents one of the competing parties.
The voter raises a cover over the lid of
the box and presses the keys marked
with the names Of the candidates he votes
fer and the party to which he belongs,
by this means printing numbers upon the
slip inside the closed box. He then
closes the lid of the box, covering up
the keys. Repeating is impossible with
ont detection, as the keys stay down I'M
til the lid of the box is again raised, when
a ratchet releases the keys, leaving them
ready for use again, and at the same mo-
ment striking gong. 1t would be neces-
sary for the authorities to publish the
whole plan of the arrangement of the
keys of the machine, together with the
allotment of the candidates and parties
to the keys, so that all voters may become
acquainted with the arrangement. The
cost is SAID to be below that of other
vote recording machines. A company
has been formed to hand the machine
and will be known as the Rhines Ballot
System Company.-tT. TaW Dispatch.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
FARM AND GARDEN.


The food that young chicks and tur-
keys thrive on is just what ducklings
will live and grow on. Ducklings are
rapid growers, and should be fed often
-four or five times day for the tirsf
six weeks. If intended for market at
eight or ten weeks old, it will pay to
feed four times day up to within ~
hours of killing. 1ho-e intended for
fall or winter market will, if on free
range, need but two meals day after
the first two months until two weeks be-
fore marketing, then they should be con-
fined to the limits of the yards and fed
three or four times a day, chiefly on
cooked food. Do not at any one feeding
give your young ducklings all the food
they can possibly swallow, for there is
danger that they may kill themselves of
overlooking. 1t cost us a promising
brood of ducklings to find that out. BE
sure always to give them water to drink
after supper before shutting them up for
the nipht.-Pyairie Farmer
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12

DIR. Nichols, of Massachusetts,, said to
be one of the ablest agricultural chemists
in the country, when asked his opinion
of the value of wood ashes to land, said
that he considered them, before being
leached, as very valuable, a bushel con-
tanning, in some instances, four pounds
of potash, soda, a considerable amount
of silica and a considerable amount of
phosphate of lime. When asked what
he thought of the application to land of
a mixture composed of one-third ashes
and two-thirds ground bone, he replied
that as a dressing for crops you can do
no better, as you then get all the essen
tials of plant food. ! on get the gela-
tine in the bone, giving nitrogen, the
potash and the soda. A handful of this
mixture in the hill for corn will not only
cause the corn to come mp quickly, but
give it a magnificent growth. GAS re-
CARDS the value of ashes that have been
leached," continued the doctor, 81
have never regarded them as worth as
much as the unleachcd. l cannot, of
course, state the precise value, because
some soap manufacturers rob them of
their fertilizing properties more than
others, but I think, as general thing,
that leached ashes are very cheap
fertilizer Men York. World.
News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1888-07-12
PTTH AND POINT.

THE "big head" is complaint pecul
lar to small men.-Sa71 Francisco
Alta.
THE typewriter is the only woman
who takes kindly to dictation.-Nel0
York Star.
FOUND in an album at Nice: moth
ing is more difficult than for woman to
decide when to begin her thirtieth
year. "-Judge.
"YEs," said the Iandlady, sadly, zap
pearances are deceitful, but disappear
ances are still more so."-Bltrlj1gt011
Free Press.
WIFE-Why are you so respondent,
Henry? Husband-I have not doe
lar to buy bread. Wife-Well, five
cents will do.-TerGS SJti71gS.
IF this election had run two weeks
longer there wouldn't have been a de-
cent man outside of the Judge office in
the whole city of New York.-Jttdge.
WE are told that a Philadelphia
Frenchman has invented a new method
of walking on water. We are very
glad to hear it, because We are getting
weary of the old method.-Puch.
A COMPOSITE photograph of fourteen
Indiana tramps is said to so closely re-
semble Johann Most, the agitator, that
he has bought up the whole edition to
send to admiring friends in Germany
Puck.
Mrs. O'TooLE- Shure, Mrs. Clancy,
can you tell me phwat is meant by hard
drink. Mrs. Ciancy-Oim not shure;
but I think it's sitting on a rock and
slipping cold water, I dunno. "-TeraS
Sifti'agS.
"AH, me-" he sighed "It is a cold
world. The rain falls alike on the just
and the unjust" "Yes, john" said his
wife, "and that ought to be a source Of
great consolation to you. You have no
reason to complain. PUCK.
GALL is not cold that fritters," said
the tramp as he dropped red-hot
doughnut that our cook handed him
through the kitchen window, on the end
of a fork. Then she united the dog,
and he mingled his pants with those of
the tramp.-Peck'S Sun.
BRowN-How is business with you,
Dumley? Dumley-Slow, very slow;
nothing doing at all Brown-How
about that little bill L sent you three
months ago? Dumley-Well, to tell
the truth, I haven't had time to look
it over.
CHANGE was scarce in town this
week, and after vainly trying to get
$40 bill changed everywhere else, the
fellow brought it to us. But the small
est bill we had was the Mills bill, and he
said that wouldn't pass.-SmithUiLLe
(Ga.) Ne1os.
"YoU ought not to have punished the
boy so severely" he said reprovingly,
to the woman. "The dog belongs to
neighbor, and, besides, tying a kettle to
a dogs tail is not such wicked thiag
for boy to do" "The kettle belonged
to me-" said the woman, still mad.
MEIER dollar given
But it tones the coming years,
And on its face is riven
The going back in tears.
While tho lender stands and waits
Round the corner for his friend,
The latter sits and prates
That man should never lend.
--Ne,O York Star.
BOSTON Book Dealer-Yes, madam,
there seems to be sudden and enOr-
nous dem and for the works of Mr..
Lowell and Dr. Holmes. Madam-To
what do you attribute the increase?
Book Dealer-Well, I think the down
fall of Mr.. Sullivan has had something