The Portland daily press., 1888-08-22

vine; It commences with the family, extends
up through the community, to the State. and
at last to the nation. There is no city In the
country in any section that does not invoke
this principle in the administration of muni-
cipal government for the protection and en-
couragement of its own citizens.
The itinerant vender is taxed in every city
ofthe land. If he would sell his wares upon the
streets of Atlanta at public auction, doubt
not the city government compels him to pay
tax for the privilege of doing it, and that
tax is added to the ordinary revenues Of the
city to assist in meeting its obligations. Now
why is this done? Upon exactly the same
principle that we tax the foreign competing
product under the system Of protection. 1t
| is done to protect and defend the resident
merchants of your city, who are with you al
ways, within your Jurisdiction. subject to
your laws, contributing to the wealth and
progress of your city, paying taxes to adorn
and beautify 1t, paying taxes to support your
| public schools and make public improve
ments The itinerant vender has no such
relation to your community. He has no part
of your political organism. He comes and
| goes; he Is not tax payer; he shares In none
| OF the burdens OF your people; he is free
| trader, who looks upon your market as much
his and as open to him as to yoar own trades
people. Your city government taxes him to
diminish the burdens borne by your own cit
izens. This is protection. simply and pure,
and Is the exact character of that which we
| would apply to foreign nations seeking our
| markets. Our fathers recognized this prin-
ciple. 1t was emphasized in the second act
| ever passed BY the Congress Of the United
/ States. The ringing words of that declara-
tion for Industrial independence / wish
might find lodgment In every American
/ heart:
| Whereas, 1t is necessary for the support Of the
government for the discharge OF the debts Of the
| nation, and for the encouragement and protection
of manufacturers that duties be levied on import
| ed goods wares and merchandise.
| A more positive declaration in favor Of the
| protective system 1t would be difficult to find
language to express. This was the frst i'm
portant legislative declaration under the
Federal Constitution. The only other law
| that preceded 1t was that of fixing the oath OF
| office Of certain Federal officials. 1t was
| made even before Washington was inaugu-
| rated. 1t subsequently received his sane
tion, and 1t is a fact not without significance
that his approval was given to it on day
| July, 1789 1t had the approval Of James
| Madison, Rufus King, Roger Sherman,
| Trumbull, Lee, and a host Of other leading
| men from all parts of the Union.
Additional tariff legislation was had in
| $780, Some duties were increased. The
| journal of the House of Representatives dis
| closes the fact that of the thirty-nine votes
| given in favor Of the bill, twenty-one were
| from the Southern States, thirteen from the
Middle States, and five from the New Eng
land States. OF the thirteen votes against
| it, nine were from the New England States,
| three from the Southern States, and one
| from the Middle States. 1t will thus be seen
that we are largely indebted to the South for
| the Inauguration and establishment of the
| protective system In the United States, which
has for the most part governed our legisla-
ton since the formation Of the government.
For nearly sixty years Of our national life
this principle in its fullness has been recog-
niZed in our laws, and whenever recognized
| 1t has been accompanied by commercial and
industrial development, stimulating new en-
terprises. and securing prosperity to the
masses without parallel in the worlds an
nails
The revenue tariff periods of our history
have been periods of greatest financial re-
vulsi0ns and industrial decadence, want and
poverty among the people, private enterprises
checked, and public works retarded. From 1888
to 1872 under the low tariff legislation then
prevailing, business was at standstill, and
our merchants and traders were bankrupted;
our industries were paralyed, our labor re-
mained idle, and our capital was unem-
| p.oyed. Foreign products crowded our mar
kets, destroyed domestic competition, and,
| as invariably follows, the price of commodi-
ties TO consumers were appreciablY raised.
1t is an instructive fact that every panic this
country has ever experienced has been preced-
ed Dy enormous lmpOrtations. From 1916 to
1861 similar situation was presented under
the low tariff of that period.
Contrast this period with the period from
1860 to 1880, the former under revenue tar
iff, the latter undera protective tariff. In
land, while in 1880 we had 2S7. 900, 1000, an In
crease Of 70 per cent In 1860 our farm
were valued at S3,200,000,000. In 1880 th
value had leaped to S10,197. 100000, an In
raised 173,oO0.OOO bushels of wheat; in 1870
49s.0O0000 In 1860 we raised S38, 10000
bushels of corn; in 1880, 1,717, ,00O, 900 bushes
In 1860 we produced 100000 bales Of cotton;
In 1880 1000, 600 bales, on increase Of 40 per
cent. In 1860 we manufactured cotton gods
to the value of S115,6S1, ia; in 1880 the yslue
reached S211 100000, an increase Il upwards
OIL SO per cent. In 1860 we manufactured
woolen goods SCI, 100000; in 1880 S267,000,-
COO an Increase OF S33 per cent. Ia 1860 we |
produced G0,000,00O pounds of VOL; in 1880 |
24O,0O0,O00 pounds, an increase nearly 800 |
per cent. In 1860 we mined 100000 tons of |
coal; in 1880, 100000 tons, ~ increase of |
oyer 400 per cent In 1860 we made 9S7, 600 |
tons Of pig iron; in 1880, 3.S35o0 tons. In |
1860 we manufactured 235 200 tons Of rail- |
road iron, and in 1888, 1,208, ,0OCtons. In 1860 /
our aggregate OF national weith was S16,- /
l59, 10000; in 1880 1t was $4,000, 100000.
From l84S to 1860, during the low tariff
period, there was but singl year in which
we exported in excess of whit we imported. |
The balance of trade dung twelve of /
the thirteen years was agaist u.s. Cur peo-
pie were drained Of their mney to pay for |
aud above our sales, s396, q, 161. This vast
sum was drawn from tb United States,
from its business, from tb channels Of trade
which would have been bitter employed in
productive enterprises an thus supplied our
wants for which we wer compelled to go |
abroad. During the lasthirteen years, un-
der protective tariff, mere was but one
year that the balance ofsrade was against
us. For twelve years v sold to our foreign
customers in excess of hat we bought from |
them the sum of $1,61259, 755.
This contrast makesn interesting exhibit
OF the work under 10 two systems. You |
need not be told that he Government and
the people are most psperous whose bal
ance OF trade is in the favor. The Govern
ment is like the citize indeed it is but an
aggregation of cltiZer; and when the citi-
zen buys more than sells he is soon con-
scious that his year business has not been
a success.
Our wealth incrses Ss75, 100000 every
year, while the incnse of France is $685.
600, 600: Great Brita 1926, 600, 600, and Ger
many S2OO,OO0,OOO. The total carrying ca
pacity all the veels entered and cleared
from American pos during the year 1SS6-'S7
in the foreign tradwas 28,0O0,O 900 tons. The
amount of freight :a1sported by the rail-
roads of the Uniid States was 482, 100000
tons during the sap period.
The sum of our itustries exceeds that Of
any other peoplelr tribe or nationality. |
Mulhall, the Engyb statistician, places the |
industries of thu United States at S11, ,4O5.-
100000 annual, which Is S2,205, ,0O0, 600
greater than the OF the United Kingdom |
Of Great BritaiInearly twice that of France
or Germany, ;arly three times that Of
Russia, and al0st equal to the aggregated
industries of lstria. Italy, Spain, Belgium, |
Holland, Ausalia, Canada, Sweden and
Norway.
This advanment is the worlds wonder.
Tbs nations 4 tine earth cannot furnish | ,
sch splenid exhibition of progress in |
my age or peiOd. We defy revenue tariff i
policy. to present. such an exhibition of ,
material properityiand industrial develop
nent. Arts science, and literature have | Z
neiu their nsn in this wonderful march. We 1
IRE prosperous 10 day beyond any other | 3
people. Tle masses are better cared for, | /
'etter provided for, more self-respecting, | I
md more Independent than ever before in |
ur history, which cannot be said Of the /
masses of other countries. /
One of the striking differences between a |
evenue tariff and a protective tariff Is that | a
be former sends the money of its people | 3
broad for foreign supplies, and seeks out q
oreign market. The latter keeps the money | n
{ home among our own people, circulating | 4
through the arteries of trade, and creates a | v
larket at home, which is always the best | 4
ecause the most reliable. i
The South has shared in this splendid | l
rogress, in this golden period Of develop h
lent. \
From 1851 to 1860 the average yearly pro.
ucti0n of pig iron throughout the United | n
tates was less than 100000 tons. In 1886 the | .
tates Of Alabama, Tennessee, Virginia. 4
Vest Virginia, Kentucky, Georgia, Mary 4
md, Texas and North Carolina produced | Il
16,179 net tons, or $1,000 more than the | n