Daily Yellowstone journal., 1888-12-27
HISTORY OF TElEGRAPHY.
ucetrieal Phenomena Noted u. G. BOO.
Progress, of Discoyery-The Telephone,

Progress Of Discovery-The Telephone.
Six hundred years B. c., Thales, Of
Milete, noted the electrical phenom-
ena and developed by friction upon
amber; 200 years later Plato theorized
upon electricity, and A. ID. 1922 Mar
tinigo, a Venetian, the engineer in de-
fcnse Of Rhodes, applied one end of a
drum head at the end of his counter
mine 10 discover the vicinity and
direction of the cnemy's underground
galleries, and thus, by utilizing the
molecular disturbance Of the earth in
sound waves, conceived the basis of
telephony, Ii was not, however,
until A. d. 1890, that Won Guerick
made the first machine for generating
FRACTIONAL electricity, nor until A. ID.
1726, that Wood recorded the fact that
FRACTIONAL electricity would pass
through considerable length of wire,
and could therefore be utilized for the
transmission of signals. To Wood, of
England, is therefore due the honor
of first suggesting the feasibility of
electric telegraphy.
A. d. 1885, Murschenbrok, Ger
many, invented the Leyden jar, by
which means FRACTIONAL electricity
eould be stored for experimental pur-
poses. A. ID. 1747, DR.. Watson. Eng
land, erected the first telegraph line
between Shooters Hill and London,
and 4. d. 1853, c. NJ. believed to be
the initials of Charles Matthew'S pub
lished the manner in which he hsd in
dicated the letters of the alphabet
through a system Of twenty-SiX wires,
by FRACTIONAL electricity. During the
latter half of the Eighteenth century
inventors of all nations endcavored,
by means of two OF more wires and
FRACTIONAL electricity, To transmit in
telligence between distant places; but
il was not until 4. ID. 1880, when
Volta proclaimed his own and Gal
wants prior experiments in the produc-
ton Of chemical electricity, tlut elcc-
trio biography, as now developed, be-
came practicable.
\. ID. 1919, Oersted uDcnmarkl dis
severed that n freely suspended mar
netized needle wOult move 10 the
right or lcf. in acco dance with the
polarity OF a current of electricity
through an adjacent wire. A. D..
1890, Arago Q1rlnc } discovered that
when u bar Of soft iron was wound
with a copper Grin llated mon wire, it
became amagncty lCucvrracurTrntof
electricity traverS j tie wire. and was
Immediately dcwggncti2cd lor nearly
sol when the wires were disconnected
from the source Of current.
A. ID. 1882, Flraday England dis
covered that when n coil OF insulated
wire VA placed adjacent 10, but not
connected with. another coil Of wire,
through which an intermittent currpht
of electricity was passed, induced cur
rents of Increased intensity and alter
natiny polarity were developed in the
unattached coil. Also that the move
ment Of n permanent bar magnet with
IN a coil of wire. or the movement Of
al electromagnetic nea the poles of n
permanent magnet, would develop cur
rents of electricity. To the foregoing
rudimental discoveries of Galvani and
Volta, Oersted, Arago and Faraday is
the world indebted for the numerous
subsequent inventions which have de-
yelopcd electric ~telegraphy. plating,
illumination, Transmission of power
and other valuable results attained
during the Nineteenth century.
From Woods first conception of an
Acknowledgment. A. ID. 172G. more than
a century elapsed before Cooke and
Wheatstone dnglandl, A. d. 1897,
adapted Oersted's discovery of \. ID.
1919, TO the first practical and com
mercially successful system Of what
may be termed visual electric tclcgra-
ply: and some months later Morse and
Vail. United States, adapted Arago's
discovery Of \. d. 1890, TO the first
system Of recording electric tclcgra-
ply, Vail being the inventor of the
dot and dash alphabet.
a. d. 1888, Stcinhill. Germany,
adapted Oersted's discovery tothc first
recorded system of sound oraural telc-
graphy, and first utilized the earth in
lieu of q second wire or all metallic
circuit. II is by no means certain that
there is any electric current flowing
through n wire, or that a wave of
electricity, like the waves Of sound,
t~raverses it. II is simply a customary
expression TO indicate a difference in
and around a wire To the conditions in
which said wire was when no electric.
lily was present in it.
A. ID. 1889, Wheatstone invented
the step by step alphabetical indicating
telegraph; and A. ID. lS4S, House, Eng
land. invented the alphabetical type
printing telegraph, which was subse-
quently improved upon by Hughes,
England. A. ID. 1916, Baine, England,
invented the chemical dot and dash
recording telegraph, which, combined
with Wheatstone's automatic trans
mitter, is the most rapid method of con-
veying intelligence in present opera
ton.
Finally, A. D. 1876, Bell, United
States, invented the telephone, and by
accomplishing the electrical transmits
sion Of speech, thus attained possibly
the highest degree Of perfection in in
accommodation Of intelligence -
II. w Osborne.