davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05
Was it Murder?

have thought it over and over, and
cannot come to any definite conclusion.
Was L justified in killing the man? II
l was, / am benefactor to some of
my fellow-creatures; if L was not, 1
am a murderer. My readers shall have
an opportunity of judging, and 1 hope
their judgment may be lenient.
Some years ago was well of, and
received the education and bringing
up of gentleman; but partly through
my own folly, and partly through un-
fortunate speculatiCnS, gradually lost
all my capital. and about two years ago
L found myself pennIless, and saw
starvation grinDing at me within meas
urable distance. Then determined
to attempt no longer to keep up appear
ances, but 10 try and earn bare exist
ence in any walk of life that Was open
to me. After some fruitless efforts
and a good deal OF the hope deferred
which "maketh the heart SICK" l OBJ
tanned through the kindness Of a gentle
man connected with the Great juno
tion Railway. the position OF stoker.
1 never was given TO drink. so that
was well enough able to fulfil the lowly
duties Of my position. L am now a
stationmaster; and it is during my few
hours of leisure that L prepare this
plain narrative for the decision of a
discerning public.
1t is a great point for a stoker to be
on good terms with the engine-driver,
and 1 generally found little trouble in
making friends with my nearest trav-
cling companion.
On the day when l went through one
Of the most disagrceable experiences of
my life, l was tra?eling from Padding
ton to CowchesteC on the well-kn wn
to railway empioyees-engine named
pluto" The engine-driyer on this
occasion was a man named John Nor
gan. L had not often travelled with
him before, only two or three times,
and L never could get on comfortable
with HIM. He had been many years IN
the company's service, and bore An ex-
! cellent character for steadiness, but
was considered rather taciturn. BE
seemed to be always on the sulks, and
was of surly temper. Before We
started. he hardly answered any re-
mark / addressed to him, and seemed
more surly than usual. Once when ]
took up a cloth to brighten one OF
Pluto's taps, he called out to me In q
savage tone, ''Let her alone, CAM
you. I'll make her travel to-day with.
! out your bothering."
made him no answer, as 1 did no,
see the good Of having a quarrel in the
small space we were confined to. The
! tram WAS to start at twelve noon, and
before that time we on the engine were
all ready; but 1t was ouarter-Dasi
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05
Boys in Hot Weather.

There Is one class In the community
who never allow hot weather to bother
them; in fact they don't seem to realize
that such q thing exists. We allude to
the boys. Who ever knew a boy to
consult Thermometer on a hot day, or
wear a cabbage leaf In his hat-he
rarely keeps a hat on his head-or carry
an umbrella to ward off the suns rays,
or ask a comrade, sis it hot enough
for your" Never one. With the mer-
curry standing at 80 degrees in the
shade Tor lying down thoroughly ex-
hausted In the SUM the boys carry
themselves Just as though there was
nothing unusual in the weather at all.
They engage in their accustomed
games, play baseball beneath blazing
sun, run and sport in apparent uncon-
sciousness that such a thing as sun
strokh ever existed. To be sure, they
object to any supernuous clothing, and
prefer that what they do wear be OF the
thinnest variety. Hats or caps they
have no use for, unless it be for foot
balls, or to catch minnows in whes
they 60 fishing. Happy boysi
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05
Tales of Old Sunken Citfe.
There is no supersti,icp so VIII

There is no superstition so wide
spread in Europe as that of a sunken
city which has disappeared below the
surface OF sea or 4 lake at some un-
known period In the past. When the
waters are rough the tips of the spires
of Its churches may be seen in the
trough OF the waves, on calm days one
hears the distant sound of their bells,
drowned by the ocean. The name of
the city in Germany Is given as Vim
eta, and 1t lies in the vicinity of the
Island OF Rugen. E. Werner has a
novel entitled "Vineta, 4" which Is Nased
on this superstition, and w. NJ lller
father of Max Muller) an exquisite
little lyric under the same title. Here
is Mangan's translation OF the first two
stanZas:
.'Harki the faint bells OF the sunken city,
Pea! once moro Their wonted evening chime;
FROM The deep abysses n)ais a ditty,
Wild and wondrOus, of the olden time.
Temples, towers and domes of many stories
There lie buried in an ocean grave,
Cndescribed, save when their golden glories
Clean Al sunset, through the lighted wave"
In Brittany tho sunken city Is calico
Is, and various places along the cost
pointed out as its site. Ernest Renan
has made use of the old legend in the
RACldSC W AoOuNC-hLc OChcSSo
as follows: sit seems to me that have
in my own heart town of Is, which
still has Its obstinate bells that ring
for tho sacred Offices and call for men
who hear no more. Often l stop and
listen to these trembling vibrations,
which seem to come from infinite
depths, like voices from another world.
As age comes on L Ike pleasure, es-
pecially during the summer, In collect
ing these distant sounds of lost At
lantls.''
Lough Neagh. in ireland. is in pop
ular tradition held to have been origi.
nally a fountain, which overfowing,
buried a whole district under its wa
terS. Thomas Moore alludes to this
tradition in his poem, Let Erin Re
member"
"on Lough Neash's bank, as the fisherman
sIrays.
Wien the clear, cold ewes declining.
He sees the rouni towers OF other days
In the waves beneath him shining.
"Thus shall memory off, in dreams sublim%
Catch a glimpse OF the days that are over;
Thus signing. look through the waves OF time
For the !ong-faded glOries they cover.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05


For lazy folks by poets told,
That tbs Love that makes the world 60
round
Round and round,
With never q sound
Over and over,
From Sydney to Dover
Here we 20. there we go, till the brain
reels;
Now on our heads and now on our heels;
But We know ii is not Love at all
That keeps a'Eoing this cosmic ball;
For ohi
'Tis Work that makes the world 90 round.
And Love only oils the wheelst
Then prate no more Of a primal CURSE ''
win Eden kept, things might have been
For it's Work that makes the world 90
roundi
So day by day
Well W, rk away
Flowing and sowing
Reaping and moving,
Spinning aud wearing and getting of
meals,
Forging aud buiIIing and laying of keels;
Saves and prisoners labor; free men dis
dain
4 word so fraucht with crime aud
paint
Yet obi
'Tis hard 20 make the world go round,
If Love do not oil the vheelsi
What know they Of rest who never work
But the duties of manhood and woman
hood siirk2
'Tis Work that makes the world go roundi
When work Is done
lis time for fun
Father and mother,
Sister and brother,
Baby and all, with the merriest peals
Greeting the Joys home life reveals.
Days work brings peace and rest al
night;
For Work means Duty, and Duty Is
right
And ohl
IT'S easy 10 make the world 20 round,
II fLove will but oil the wheeIsi
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05

The loss in transporting cattle
across the ocean was in 1887, 81 per
cont II has been. reduced to II nsr
cent.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05

fhc Stomach IS Ji order
e amt settle % with DR..
|fJulal@e g..s.
Food fc-m-u-rr. no,
1-rcct trr stomach bv
|henck s Mandrake Pius.
Start the s-cr-tonS Of
T. with pr. SghculEs
fLs.
.--Coa- -r-.f7u run
b iust.uf.E..s ..r- use
|ue- s Nlaa-.sAc T4.s.
foi poisoned ~ bile.
I Liver ly using Or.
|iauar-ae I..s.
|TTTE- TIE Stomach
t.gst cleanse ifs thea
p S-acacks 5 SclwecI
-r rr ILL C-----s
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05

He who Is in love with hi nself has
no rival.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05

vrr's on t'- TurrS,
--- .s 90 any address.
p a-k s. Son. ! lIl&Icl-
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05

t.r7 rrT..v-- Ss1rt
B. s-..ea-0 81 AiLrdg11s
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05
d. ]G3 Rec !!

dire tl1u llsaun-
Ing that fh ~rs
wsre sanlis
unou IN luaauts q
rcmnauts u NIB
blus aunun ths
large imporuuE
house, Ancri a
whIa D. lhry would
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1888-09-05
A Song OF Work.

A charming tale was that of old.
For lazy folks by poets told,
That tits Love that makes the world 20
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
A PRoHIBITIoN CONFERENCE.

Mr.. Clinton Smith. chairman of the
Prohibition State committee, has issued
call for conference of the party to be
held in the town hall here on the l4th
inst, which says: A meeting at 80
a. m. will be held to complete the State
organization. to discuss the subject of fl
nance and literature, to elect delegates to
the national convention, and to deter
mine the time and place for the State
nominating convention. The afternoon
will be occupied by short speeches. In
the evening there will be a mass meeting
addressed by Prof Samuel Dickie, chair
man of the national committee. Dinner
and supper will be served in the base
ment of the hall by the w. c. L. L. of
Middlebury. Further entertainment will
be provided for those from distance
wishing to remain oyer night. The usual
reduced rates of fare will be given from
all stations on the G. V. r. r."
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03

Hawley; and one each for Edmunds and
Sheridan. In Is replies, in which COM
plete presidential ticket is named, the
preferences for vice-president are, for
Hawley; for Lincoln; 2 for Harrison ;
2 for Sherman; 2 for Sheridan and one
for Foraker.
On the gubernatorial question there
fails to be great deal of unanimity of
preferences. OF "a who express a pre-
ference, prefer Frederick Billings of
Woodstock; 6, Stephan Thomas of Mont
pelier; 1, W. =. Dillingham; of Water
bury; 4, Levi X. Fuller of Brattleboro
2, Franklin Fairbanks of st. Johnsbury ;
2, Judge Veazey, and one each for James
Barrett of Rutland, 7. G. Fletcher of st.
Johnsbury, f. j. Ormsbee of Brandon,
Redfield Proctor of Proctor, b. ID. Harris
of Brattleboro and III. Z. Royce of st.
Albans. In 81 replies where second
choice is mentioned, w. p. Dillingham;
has d; ; L. X. Fuller, 10; G. w. Hooker of
Brattleboro, l and one each for James
Barrett. b. d. Harris, Stephen Thomas,
L. c. Fletcher, Frederick Billings, II. c.
Ide. Franklin Fairbanks, j. X. Batchel-
der of Arlington, E. ID. Blodgett of st.
Johnsbury. z. NJ. Mansur of Island Pond,
c. b. Eddy of Bellows Falls and Fred E.
cilllln Ol MOntpeller.
All OF the II Democrats heard from
want Grover Cleveland renominated.
Some of the replies are amusing. Col.
G.. w. Hooker thinks the most commend
able thing Cleveland has done was to
marry Miss Folsom; but Mayor Henry
of Burlington thinks it was the appoint
ment of Mr.. Phelps to the English mis-
sion. Ex-Governor Barstow replies to
the question, "What, in Cleveland's adj
ministration, is most open to crticism?'
by saying:
SIN point of time, disregard of prom
ises and professions (Which gave him
tens of thousands of Republican votes)
as to civil service reform; next, hostility
to Union soldiers. but chiefly the free
trade doctrines advanced in his last annu-
al message. He asks for free trade in
wool, thus striking at the farmers of the
whole North, the class now least protect
ed and least prepared for organization to
resist the effort to place them on the
level with the farmers of Canada, Eng
land and Ireland, to say nothing of the
people of the vast regions of South Amer
ica and Australia. 1t does not matter
that one-half the farmers of the North
raise no wool, they are all interested in
diversity of agricultural productions
and if the wool growers are forced tC
stop that business they must take VI
some other, say butter and cheese, thus
increasing the product and diminishing
the price to the detriment of all. If the
Democrats in the House follow his cOun
sci and the Republicans make a wise nom
ination, Cleveland's political eptaph viii
be ''died in the WOOL"
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03

THE "drummer is one of the most
important factors in modern civilization,
and anything which tends to throw light
on the natural history of this unique
product of the century is interesting.
A hint worth preserving is contained in a
Poughkeepsie dispatch of Friday, which
says, after describing the blockade of the
railroads: ga man who left Fort Edward
this morning says there were thirty-six
drummers snowbound at that place. thir-
ty-two of whom played euchre during the
night and four draw poker at five cents a
corner" 1t is apparent, then, that eight
hinths of this party prefer the simple
game of euchre to the more seductive
but also more expensive poker; and if
they are taken as average specimens of
the race, the rule is established that IL. i
per cent of drummers are addicted to the
latter sport. Now if some one will ci-
pher out under what head or heads the
losses of these gentry figure in their ex-
pense accounts, he will confer a favor
upon employing houses; it is not to be
supposed that the house is credited with
gains.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03

form-the latter under the command of
Deputy Grand Commander Lewis.
Mount Calvary Commandery, No. l, X.
T. of this place was officered as follows
A. A. Fletcher, past eminent commander ;
F. n. Manchester, eminent commander ;
p. F. Chapman as generalissimo; T. w.
Fletcher as captain general James Knapp
as prelate; Geo. A. Kimball as treasurer /;
A. A. Pond as recorder; DR.. w. II.
Wright as senior warden; DR.. w. H.
Kingsley, junior warden; f. N. Bissell,
standard bearer; j. w. Symons, sword
bearer; Dr. G.. E. Prentiss, warden; E..
M. Bottum as captain of the guard; A.
Webster as captain of the guard; Philip
Ahn, sentinel, and Sir G.. A. Cutting.
Middlebury Council, No. II, r. and S.
NJ, and Potter Chapter, No. %, r. A. NJ,
were also represented by Comp. w. II.
Brewster; Union Lodge No. 2, F. A. NJ,
by Bros, j. J. Hyde, f. p. Cushman, w.
NJ. Cushman and others. Morning Sun
Lodge, No. 5, of Bridport was represent
ed by G.. d. Miner of this village. Among
the ladies present from Middlebury and
vicinity were Mrs. 4. p. Cushman, Mrs.
w. M. Cushman, Mrs. G. ID. Miner, Mrs.
L. w. Fletcher, Mrs. e. E. Prentiss. The
festival was in every sense social, tinan-
cial and Masonic success.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
WESTERN VERMONT MASONIC UNION

Some more extended notice of the 18th
annual festival of this union, held at
Brandon on the 10th ult., seems called
for than the notice published in our local
news of last week. 1t was very pleas
ant occasion, highly enjoyed by all the
participants, among whom were repre-
sentatives and their ladies from all four
of the Masonic bodies of Middlebury.
At the business meeting, held in the
Masonic hall, there was large gathering
presided over by President c. ii. Hol-
brook, and 40 new members were admit
ted. These officers were elected for the
ensuing year. President, George A.
Kimball of Orwell; vice-presinents, DR..
w. ii. Kingsley, ii. o. Carpenter, E. ID.
Bennett, Louis Turk; treasurer, A. A.
Fletcher; recording secretary, w. V.
Roberts: corresponding secretary, w. F.
Scott. Addison county is represented on
the executive committee by Thos. w.
Fletcher and p. +. Chapman.
Middlebury was strongly suggested for
the next annual festival. After the meet
ing the members rejoined the ladies at the
Brandon House and 225 sat down to the
banquet tables, where supper was served
at three different times, from 8 to 10 p.
m. At that hour, all adjourned to the
town hall, and to the music of Brehmer's
orchestra 125 couples joined in the grand
march under the leadership of President
Holbrook and Sir wan F. Lewis. Most
of the brethern present wore their regalia
and Knights Templar were in full uni
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
THE STATE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION

The annual meeting of this organiza-
ton, at Brandon on Thursday, Friday
and Saturday last, was very well attend
ed despite the storm. President S. w.
Landon called the association to order at
o'clock Thursday afternoon. The ad-
dress of welcome was made by Rev. w.
j. Tilley. The other speakers of the ses-
sion were VIM. E. Sheldon of Boston,
president of the National association of
Education, who urged Vermont teachers
to 90 to the next national meeting, which
will be held in San Francisco, commence
ing on July 4; and Harrison Hume of
Boston, who said he was not in favor of
manual training schools, unless they were
entirely disconnected with the other
schools, and thought that even then they
should be attended only by boys and
girls over IA years of age. He believed
that the culinary art must be more gen.
orally recognized, both on economic and
ethical grounds; and he thought 1t could
be taught to advantage in connection
with the common branches. Prof. Yager
of Middlebury was to hBve spoken in the
evening on 'The Missing Link in Educa-
tion," but owing to the storm no formal
session was held.
Thursday mornings session opened
with an address by Rev. A. ID. Barber of
Williston on "The Higher Education of
Women" In the course of his remarks
he paid high tribute to Mrs. willard, the
famous Middlebury woman who did so
much at an early day for the education
of her sex. Then came papers by Miss
Wells of Castleton, whose subject was
"English Grammar" and Mrs. Dewey of
Rutland, who spoke on "Morals and Man
ners."
In the afternoon Miss Kate f. Lowery
of Burlington presented a paper on
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
PERSONAL,
a pension has been granted to Henry
z. Fisher of Vergennes.

A pension has been granted to Henry
p. Fisher of Vergennes.
Mr.. c. NJ. Winslow of Brandon was re-
elected secretary of the Ayrshire Breed
ers' association at its annual meeting in
Buffalo the other day.
The Senate has confirmed the nomina-
ton of Clarence ii. Pitkin of Berlin as
United States district attorney for the
district of Vermont.
The American Protective Tariff league
on Friday chose Hon. Redtield Proctor of
Proctor vice-president for Vermont and
A. w. Ropes of Montpelier. State secre-
tary.
Mr.. Grant W. Sprague, son of Martin
+. Sprague, Esq, of Weybridge, who
left the employ of the ID. &. II. Canal Co.
at Albany, n. Y, Dec. |, to take prom
inent position with the Eagle Refining
Co. and Excelsior Pipe Line Co. of Cleve-
land and Lima, Ohio, has been elected
vice-president of the Excelsior Pipe Line
Co. of Cleveland and general manager OF
the entire business of both companies at
Lima, Ohio. Mr.. Sprague graduated
from the high school at st. Adams at the
age of seventeen. He soon after entered
the employ of Hon. ID. c. Linsley OF
Burlington and from Burlington went
with Mr.. Linsley, as his private secreta-
ry, to Ottawa, Canada, and remained
with him until he had finished the Cana.
da Atlantic railroad from Ottawa to Co.
teau. He was then offered more lucra-
tive position with the d. & II. Co., which
he took. Mr.. Sprague was "A years OLD
Dec. 2 last.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
A POLITICAL STRAW,

The st. Johhsbury Republican thus
summarizes replies received in answer to
a circular it sent out asking prominent
men of the State their preferences for
President and governor:
Out of hundred replies from promi-
nent Republicans, including Speaker
Grout, Lieutenant Governor Fuller. ex-
Governor Barstow, ex-Congressman Den
isOn, Col. Hooker, Mayor Henry Of Bur-
llngton, Hon. G. S. Page and many
others, there are 40 who express a pref,
erence for candidate for President in 1888
OF these 40,I24 favor Blaine; 3, Edmunds
8, Sherman; 3, Lincoln; 2, Sheridan; and
one each for Hawley, Harrison and De-
pew. OF 20 who express second choice
10 favor Sherman; 4, Blaine; 4. Allison
3, Lincoln; 3, Sheridan; 2, Harrison; 2
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
THE STATE G. A. r. ENoAMPMENT

The annual encampment OF the depart
mont of Vermont was held at st. Johns
bury on Tuesday and Wednesday. Com
mander-in-Chief Rea was present; also
Gov. Ormsbee, Lieut.-Gov. Fuller and
prominent veterans such as Judge Yea
zey, Col. G. w. Hooker, Speaker Grout,
ex-Gov. Farnham and Gen. Thomas. Re-
ports presented showed the number of
posts in good standing on Jan. 2l, 1887,
to be So; chartered during the year, 2;
total, 100: membership in good standing
Jan. 2l, 1887, 1903; gained during the
year by muster, 525; by transfer, 102 /;
by reinstatement, 2S4; aggregate, 54l4 !;
loss during the year by death, 55; by dis
charge, 20; by transfer. lis; by suspen-
sion and other causes, 36S: number re-
naming in good standing at date, 1853 L;
total relief fund, S7046.59; expended for
charitable purposes during the year,
S207O.92. Department Commander Z. d..
Blodgett gave the address of welcome
Wednesday morning. Business sessions
occupied the rest of the day. In the eve
ming there was a campfire at Music hall.
On Wednesday officers were chosen as
follows: Department commander, Her
bert f. Taylor, BrattleborO; senior vice.
commander, L. c. Middlebrook, Ver-
gennes; junior vice-commander, Thomas
L. Farrell, Waterbury; chaplain, Rev.
w. S. Jenne, Glover; medical director,
G.. B. Bullard, st. Johnsbury; delegates
to National encampment, A. S. Tracy,
Middlebury; p. r. Kendall, Rutland; r.
j. Coffey, Bennington; X. L. Johnson,
West Concord; ii. C. Bates, st. Johns
bury; Roswell Farnham, Bradford +;
council of administration, A. ID. Beck
with, Bellows Falls; ID. j. Stafford, Nor
risville; l.. C. Leavens, West Berkshire /;
Charles Graves, Bennington; ii. w.
Parkhurst. st. JOhnsbury.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03

THE death of Prof. Asa Gray at his
home in Cambridge, Mass, on Monday
removes one of the most eminent and
useful scientific men that America has
produced. His long and busy life was
devoted almost entirely to botanical
studies, of which several valuable works
are the fruits. He was the first professor
in the university of Michigan. receiving
the appointment in 1898. In 1912 he was
made professor of natural history at
Harvard. with which institution he re-
mained connected till his death.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03

POLITICAL wiseacres in New York are
sure that the opposition to Cleveland s
nomination is increasing there. The
Tammany leaders, they say, have taken
sides with Coy. Hill and are likely to
push him for the presidency, and. the
county Democracy may espouse his
cause, also, if either ex-Mayor Cooper or
Mayor Hewitt can have the governor
ship. Republicans could easily be rec
onciled to row, big or little, among the
Democrats of the Empire State.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
AMUSEM ENTS.
BREAD ON THE WATERS.

This drama, which was given with
great success at the town hall on the
evening of Thanksgiving, by a company
of local amateurs, will be repeated by
them at the same place next Wednesday
evening, the Sth inst, for the benefit of
Russell Post G.. A. X. There will also be
excellent music, vocal and instrumental,
besides other interesting features. Those
who attend will get full value for their
money, and, in addition, aid worthy
organization. Admission tickets, "a
cents; reserved seats, 30 cents. Tickets
will be sold by daughters of veterans
and at the door.
Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1888-02-03
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1888.

If the bill to refund the direct tax of
1861 becomes law it passed the Senate
last week. Vermont will receive $780,
600 as her share. The question will arise
What will she do with it, Woodstock
Standard.
Why not invest it and use the income,
first, to pay decent salary to the State
superintendent of education and, second,
to aid in the maintenance of the common
schools?