The Great Falls leader. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1888-1890, 1888-10-06
GROWTH OF CREMATION.
EFFORTS MADE TO RENDER THE
PROCESS EASY AND PRACTICAL,
Tho Overcrowded Cemeteries of Paris-An
Observation-Disclosures Solution Of an
Unexpected Problem-Where the Ques.
tion Rests. ..

Observation-Disclosures Solution Of an
Unexpected Problem-where the Cues.
tion Rests.
Cremation in France is attended with
difficulties. Technical questions have
arisen and the laws regulating freedom of
burial have caused unpleasant delays.
Still. the crowded condition Of the Paris
cemeteries, where the dead are crammed
into narrow mausolea and piled in an in
discriminate way on top Of one another,
renders solution Of some kind impera-
tive. When the cemeteries Of Pere la
Chaise and Montmartre were established
they were on hillsides that were at some
distance in the country. Now, though
they are not in the heart Of the city, they
are fer within the city limits and have a
No city in the world feels more impera.
lively the need Of regulating the import.
ant question of burials In manner that.
while 1t shall respect the preiudices in
favor of the dead, shall at the same time
sufficiently protect the interests of the
living. The establishment Of new ceme-
terry on grander scale at Merry sur Disc,
q few miles from Paris, has been in con-
temptation since 1879, and as the project
approaches solution the question Of Gre
nation IS again being earnestly discussed.
In 1870 and again 1880 cremation was
by city ordinance 1uxdo optional for tho
friends Of the deceased, but the keeper of
the seals found legal objections in the civil
and penal code. Pending the settlement
Of the doubtful points involved society
to promote the cremation was formed, Of
which Gambetta was profoundly con-
vinced and exceedingly active member.
A new law regulating freedom of burial
was passed, and crematory, or crematorY
chapel, was erected in the least used part
of Pere Ia Chaise, which is conspicuous
object in the scenery If nothing else. The
law has not accomplished all that it's pro-
jectors desired. and various unexpected
difficulties have arisen, which have
strengthened the hands of the enemies Of
cremation.
At Milan, Lodi, Cremona and other
cities In the north of Italy, at Zurich and
in Germany, cremation is effected in two
hours. This is Of itself considered q suf-
dcient objection in Paris, since the long
waiting, even in room set apart for the
purpose, would be too painful for rela-
tives and their friends. To make it prac.
tical in populous city, where, If crema-
tion became fashionable, time would be
precious, the process should be accom-
plished in half an hour. 1t is this short
ening Of the time that the experts are
studying at present. After having made
a personal examination of the crematories
ct Zurich and Milan they concluded that
the desired result could only be obtained
by raising the temperatures, and that
wood should be replaced by Illuminating
gas mingled with current of air. Wood
only gives temperature ranging from
900 to 1000 degs. centigrade, while gas
gives from 800 to 1900 degs.
Experiments have been made on the
carcasses Of sheep at one Of the gas man
ufactories Of Paris which, though they
have not been entirely satisfactory. have
shown that they were tending in the
right direction. For instance, It was re-
marked that when the high temperatures
effected incineration in the desired time,
1t rendered the pulverization Of bones
more difficult A curious chemical pro-
cess takes place. The bones, composed
principally Of carbonate Of lime, acquire
almost the hardness Of porcelain when
brought to temperature Of 1900 to 1900
degs. centigrade.
What was to be done in case like thisf
The cremator could not evidently give to
the weeping relatives petri6ed skeleton
maintaining approximately the original
Of being put into any cinerary urn. in
stead Of the handful Of ashes which they
wished to be put into china vase on the
parlor mantelpiece. So he set himself to
solve this unexpected problem and dis.
covered that If at . given moment, that is
after the tissues were perfectly reduced
to ashes, the remains were suddenly
plunged into water, by mechanical de-
vice easy Of fabrication. the petrifed
bones would at once resolve themselves
into fragments of the desired minuteness.
The process can be taken with glass
which, when heated to high tempera-
ture and plunged suddenly into water, is
reduced to . condition Of impalpable
powder.
This is where the question rests. The
experiments have been made under the
direction of the Paris municipal authori
ties, who expect In any arrangements for
cremation they may hereafter effect to re-
spect implicitly religious prejudices. They
desire that the time Of the ceremonial
shall be as brief as possible. The body
brought to them for incineration will not
he removed from the coffin. hut reducad