davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1888-06-27
CHURCH DIRECTORY.
PRESBYTERIAN.

PRESBYTERIAN.
Services every Sabbath morning at II o'clock,
and o'clock in the evening. Sunday school at
10a. m. w. A. ECHoLs, Pastor.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL,
Services every Sunday evening at 745. Sun
day school at o'clock. Il. {. WARREN, Pastor.
GRACE MISSION (EPISCOPAL).
Eyensong with sermon every Sunday evening
in the Opera House at 2 o'clock. Morning SER
vice on first Sunday in each month at IL o'clock.
All are cordially invited.
Ell. Fl. VANDEEgIIN,
Priest in Charge.
CATHOLIC.
High mass every Sunday morning at 1880.
Sunday school at p. m. p. RosEN; Pastor.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1888-06-27
The Two Extremes.

The editor was dying, but when the
doctor placed his ear to the patients
heart and muttered sadly: "Poor fellow
circulation almost gonep' he raised him.
self and gasped: "nris false! We have
the largest circulation Of any paper in
the countryw Then he sank back upon
his pillow with triumphant smile upon
his features. He was consistent to the
end-lying about his circulation.
st. Peter Ito applicant What was
your business whom on earth? Appli-
cant-Editor of newspaper. St.
Peter-Big circulation, of course? APP
plicant- no, small; smallest in the
country. st. Peter Pick out your
harp. Epoch.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1888-06-27
SECRET SOCIETIES.
AZ. and A. NJ.

A. f. and A. NJ.
Olive Branch lodge No. ~, A. r. and A. NJ,
Sturgis Regular communication first and third
Wednesdays of each month. Visiting brethren
cordially invited. j. L. POTTER, W. NJ.
Avon ELossMAN, Sec.
I. O. o. f.
Bare Butte lodge No. 1871. @. O. f., Sturgis,
meets Saturday evenings. Visiting brethren cor
daily invited. MAX BItTT, N. Ii.
JAS. A. Howard, Sec.
G. A. II.
Jack e. Sturgis post No. a. G. a. r.. meet the
first and third Saturday evenings in ess5s KaSlth
at Ga8 at Library hall. Eft. Meade d. L.
VIM. HORTON, Commander
J. JOHNSON, Adjutant.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1888-06-27
That Ghost.

III d
Dakota is still too young and new to
have all tho outgrowths of hoary civil
zation, and one would not expect to find
full-blown, bona fide ghosts there, but
nothing seems impossible in the inspir-
ing ozone. Sturgis, in the Black Hills,
claims to have regular old fashioned
spook. It always appears at midnight
and has been seen by score of reputa-
BILE citizens. 1t has not yet been identi-
fed, but the older settlers recall half
dozen or more persons who have died
there by violence, and newspaper parties
are trying to sccnre an interview and
learn the object Of it's terrestrial vista
tons. Globe.
the Advertiser Takes the Cheese as Wen.
He that whoopeth up his own bust
ness in the newspaper shall reap boun-
tiful harvest in golden sheckles. He
that readeth the advertisements and
psofteth shall have abundance of this
worlds goods for litsie money. He that
chooseth not to subscribe for his home
paper shall wonder at the intellect Of his
neighbor. He who aavertises literally
gcts. the cream Of TIE naiass Old fegiies
get the skina milk
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1888-06-27
sTURGIs posToFFICE.

and close Northern closes 9:2i a. M; arrives
9.l6 d. M Southern closes 40 p. M: arrives pm
Hours: Daily, from a. m. to p nj. Sunday
Money order window open from a. m. to q p. IN.
on week days only. No registery business done
on Sunday NV. PRATT,
HI p ATwATER Asst. Postmaster.
Sturgis advertiser. (Sturgis, Dakota [S.D.]) 1887-1???, 1888-06-27

Trustees, J. 7. Potter. chairman; J. g, W
Charles II ancis.
Clerk and Assessor. e. C. Lane.
Treasurer, J. j: Davenport.
Marshal, Patrick Flavin.
Police Justice, B. F. Stephens.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

He almost stumbled 0tef Jane GFoCeS.
A green tinted cologne bottle stood near by
and he betKought himself to dash the cool
contents into her face, and felt quite doc
tors surprise to see any good result follow his
ministrations. The banished blood stole slow
" back into her olive cheeks. He bent over
her and lifted her shapely little hands, as
dainty as princess, and tried to arrange
them in some graceful position. How pretty
she vas: if her lips were O little full that was
a very partlonable fault
A sudden mad thought warmed his body
WHY not wait till she opened her eyes, this
charming little girl, and then swear to her
that he loved her? What was love then that
such a pretty face and form as this should
not have itl She was no cold woman; her
kisses and endearments-but his eyes had
grown cold and hard while he looked at her.
If she were Cleopatra she could be nothing
to him, her kisses would only stifle him with
her passion; her clinginG soft arms about his
neck would only strangle him. He knew to
his sorrow what it was to love, and no pretty
sham, no matter how its voluptuous articles
might make his hot blood surge through his
veins, could still for one moment the iinmor-
tai longing it ely moel:cd She ::oved
little as she lay; I'D lie G,.rted and went cut.
The girls eyes opened slowly on the rich
blue lambreqrins and the rare frescoing of
tho room. She vaguely wondered for ore de-
licious moment if sho awoke some rich gen
tlenan's wife and her old line of poverty was
past forever. Why, she was in Mr.. Filings
worth's bed chamber? How came she here!
And her hair was wet and the ruffies Oh her
neck were damp-it was cologne. Then she
remembered everything, and rose from the
august couch she had unworthily pressed
She laid back the great pillows and tried to
smooth out the outlines of her form on the
spotless counterpane and then made her way
down stairs The house was SO still it fright.
encd her; it was as if everybody in the world
had died while she lay in her faint. Tho hall
below was empty, too, and the outer door
shut. She opened the parlor door; she felt as
if shc must find somebody to ease the tension
of her nerves
Mr.. Elingsworth sat with his head bowed
| on his hands; he knew it all; his homo was
desolated, his pride outraged. At the noise
| he uncovered his face for moment and
looked UP, and the cruel light falling on his
| distressed face revealed the marks of age hi:
TRANQUIL course of life and selfish and com
placent philosophy had SO long softened ant
covered. He saw the graceful figure of hi:
maid in pretty attitude of hesitation on hi
pleasure. He was alone in the world but fol
her; deserted in his own home only for Eer
"Come here, Jennie" he said in broker
voice. @
She camc into the room, and q few step
toward him. Then she stopped. Her fac
was almost as pale as when she tainted, bu
her black eyes shone with unusual feverisl
brilliancy.
"Give me your hand, dear"
The girl started, and half turned as II T.
escape. Then strange thoughts darte'
through her brain. A warm, rod flus
mounted from her neck, and spread itself i
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
sherman Answered.

In his speech at the Lincoln banquet in
Columbus John Sherman said:
1--WE gave them an overflowing treasury
and they don't know what the devil to do
with it."
.nThey'' know what not to do with it
not to squander it, steal it, scatter it as
the navy rings, the star route rings and
the treasury department rings have done
before them. They do not propose to do
anything with it "in the devil" but they
do propose to use it in the economical ad-
ministration of government, and in that
alone, until they can cut down taxes, in
/ spite Of Sherman, and stop the overflow.
Missouri Republican.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
THE BLAINE LETTER.
A Suggestive Inference Drawn From the
Florence Mlssive.

A Suggestive Inference Drawn From the
Florence Mlssive.
Mr.. Blaine had motive In writing a
little ambiguously. "My name will not
be presented to the convention" he said.
That may be absolute and it may be tech
nical language. The word presented" !"
in political parlance, means set forth for
nomination in a speech, before balloting,
from the platform of q convention, pur-
suant to q movement initiated or insti-
gated by the united delegation from the
candidates state. Maine may be silent
when the roll of states is called for the
presentation of candidates in the Republi-
can presidential convention. That may
be all that Mr.. Blaine meant, but it looks
as IL an absolute rather than restricted
meaning would be placed upon his words
by enough Republicans to prevent the
Plumed knight from receiving renomi-
nation.
The impossibility of attaching but one
meaning to what Gen. Sheridan, Gen.
Sherman and Mr. Childs say and the pos
siblity of attaching several meanings to
what Mr.. Blaine says-respecting nomi-
nation for president-are alike obvious
and suggestive to every rejecting citizen.
Brooklyn Eagle
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

girl. II he could treat the whole wretehsi
business like huge joke, what the deuce
was the use Of her playing tragedy queen over
itl What child's play lifes solemnest woes
md failures are after all a mans dread Of
them! It Is mixing up hesh and blood with
them spoils their grand effects. Men and
women are only fit for the cheapest kind Of
low comedy. How it must amuse the i'm
mortal gallery gods when a man attempts to
sustain the tragedy pitch in his experiences!
II ono can only get the true point Of view,
there is no such thing as a noble situation, a
glorious victory or desperate dilemma Tho
di,,nity Of SORROW is a ridiculous misnomer.
Everything is only more or less funny ac-
cord;nS to is pretentiousneSs-for example,
the astonishing denouement of his love epi'
sodc.
Now Norah, the chambelmaid, with face
like pumpkin and eyes like saucers, was a
suitable lay figure for such an occasion.
"Why, here, Norah, this is really very
good diamond. bought it for the best: per-
nit me to present it to you. Bertha, your
late mistress, mean, was a large woman; no
doubt you can wear it over your little finger.
Consider it as q reminder of this charming
evening. All, let me put it on, you arc not
used to jewels-thus. Now, my love, you
may run down stairs and show your pretty
present"
He turned his strangely bright eyes to the
wall at the foot of Bertha's bed.
my picture, too. How the girls heart
must have glowed night and morning over
it." He took it down and held it before him
q moment
"a foolish face" he muttercd between his
teeth, the wild merriment fading out of his
features. He bent and laid the picture glass
upward on the floor, then he ground il
viciously beneath tho heel of his boot, and
walked away without deigning to cast an
other look at it.
Bertha's pure bed, which her graceful form
had pressed SO many years-an inscrutabl(
awe crept over him; it seemed impious tt
look he fell on his knees and buried his hot
face in the pillow where be fancied her hcat
had rested.
"Oh, my lost darling, n lost Bertha, 20.
have taken all tho joy ar hope of my lifc
with you," and his slight frame shook will
fearless sobs, like the death throes of q break
ing heart.
Then he rose in bitterness Of soul to hi
feet Was there no way to drown tho deel
settled pain about his breast! Were there IL
| other women in tho worldl He had hearC
times enough there was no salvc for broker
heart SO quick and sure as another woman
| kisses.
He almost stumbled over Jane Grave
who lay across the Threshold in dca
| faint. 1t was but the work of O moment +
bend over her and lift her in his arms Blu
b, would not let her lie on Bertha's bed; nc
not to save her life; and he bore her throuGl
the hall to another chamber. 1t was Sigh
girlish form he held, and need not have bee
so unpleasant burden. But he laid he
down on the first resting place he could find
ard lifted her feet with delicate gentlenes
on tho bed He removed the high pillow
from under her head, so that she coul
breathe more easily, and, true gentlema
that he was, covered her pretty feet an
| ankles with some light wrap.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
Here's a List to Choose From.

The leading Republican organ, though
treating Mr.. Blaine's letter editorially as
q Withdrawal, continues to print letters
protesting that the Maine statesman must
and will accept, or urging that if he will
not some other Maine man, or Blaine
lieutenant in another state, should be
selected. Mr. Boutelle and William Walter
Phelps are named as two proper substi-
tutes. What's the matter with Elkins, or
Jones, of Pennsylvania? Or is not Mr..
Blaine's eldest son eligible as heir ap-
parent.-New York World.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
We Think Not.

In his letter of declination Mr.. Blaine
in q very shrewd and evasive way inti-
mates that the Republican party will he
successful in the national election next
fall. Does anybody suppose that If Mr..
Blame really thought his party could win
under and circumstances he would decline
nomination in advance? In the name of
the prophet, "Ratsr'-Kansas City Times.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
One Consolation.

1t is a very pretty puzzle as to what
may be the effect of Mr.. Blaine's letter
upon the Republican national convention.
But if the dear boys cannot solve it they
may at least console themselves with the
certainty that the Democratic presidential
candidate will be elected En-
quirer.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
lust as Wen to Remember.

Several other Republican statesmen
might as well begin to realize that nomi
ma. on for the presidency will not per
rcptibly diminish the distance between the
~. that gets it and the White House.
Chicago Herald.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

what painter can catch the holy tenderness
in the eyes that drink in her unsullied beauty,
the breathless wonder, the rapt mystery in
his softened facet What inspired brush can
picture the quiver of the long, golden lashes
against her cheek, and then the dreamy stir
ring Of the eyelids that now open wide, SO
his impassioned gaze may thrill tho liquid
depths of blue Let the artist fix them for
ever If he can--the smile that ripples at last
over her fascinated face, a smile Of trust too
perfect for shame.
What was that sound so like q human sob
that startled the lovers from each others
armsl Why, it almost made them sob for
sympathy, as if il came from broken heart.
Who ever heard the wind moan like that be.
fore, SO short and sharp it was9 But it must
have been the wind, for they were quite alone.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

Itch, Prairie Mango, and Scratches OF
every kind cured in thirty minutes by
Woolford's Sanitary Lotion. Use no
other. Thisnever fails. Sold by D. j.
Humphrey, Napoleon. mv-5-lyr
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
FRO BE CONTINUED

Hibbard's Rheumatic Syrup and Plasters
are prescribed by the leading physicians of
Michioan. it's home state, and are remedies
of uneoualled merit for rheumatism, blood
disorders end liver and kidney complaints.
II comes here with the highest endorsements
and recommendations as to its curative vir-
tues.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
But They Won't Improve.

Should the chances of the party inn
prove, and Mr.. Blaine's numerous follow
ing keep roaring for him, it will be found
that his heart is not entirely Of oak
Louisville Courier Journal.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

Rheumatism is cured by Hibbard's Rheu-
matte Syrup striking at the seat of the disease
and restoring the kidneys and liver to healthy
action. II taken sufficient time to thorough
" eradicate such poison, it never fails.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
" hen?

The New York Sun says that Brother
Blaine is bound by his word not to be a
candidate. When did his word begin to
bind him?-Atlanta Constitution.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
And a Poor Chance, Too.

Now that Blaine has retired-those
monarchs of NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS., In
gals, Allison, Hiscock and Hawley will
all have chance Chronicle.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
Each Anxious to Get Caught.

Since Sturgeon Blaine moved away
from the bait all the minnows are nibbling
like mad. Philadelphia Times.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
What Is 1t.

The presidential campaign on the Re
publican side is now the play without the
the prince of Denmark. Chron-
icle.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

If the Blaine boom is really dead its
friends will please tie up its chin. Chicago
News.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

It is now quite clear that Mr.. Blaine's
letter has badly divided the party.-New
York Times.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08

With Brother Blaine as dark horse,
the country ought to be safe.-Atlanta
Constitution.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
No More Likely.

1t looks as if the country had seen the
last installment of the Mulligan letters
Chicago Herald.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
A Political Death Knell.

The echoes of Blaine'S letter are still
ringing. g.--Montgomery Advertiser.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1888-03-08
Land for Salel

vyHF undersigned will sell 80 acres ofland situated
in the west half of the northwest quarter of
snce timber land, Title clear. For further inior-
nation inquire Of W. II. Bruins, on the adjoining
| aryn ar of ANDREW SWARTS,
jamestown, Pa.
! anlto.s3tf MereerCo.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1888-11-16

The Treasury Department has decided
that Chinese merchants are not affected
By the Exclusion Law. and may, upon
satisfactory proof. 60 abroad and return
at will
mrs. HAnRrsox's father, Rsv. VIM
H. Scott, Il q clerk in the Pension Once
He Il over eighty years old and wonder
fully well preserved.
TwExTY-0xR volumes or thirty.one
books or the Records OF the Rebellion
have been published 70 date.
Nh EDWARD MAcPHERsox. chairman
Of tho Republican National committee,
says the necessary legislation 10 regard
70 the tariff will be made. and that 4 will
probably be considered 70 be embodied
IN the Tariff bin reported to the Senate
BY the Republicans.
TIM New York Post says Il was ar
ranged Il Chicago that In case Of Harri-
sons nomination and election Russell A.
Algor was 20 be Secretary Of War. and
that the compact holds good.
SPECULATION II rife - to the composi'
ton Of President elect Harrison's Cabi'
net Among the probabilities mentioned
are: James @. Blaine, for Secretary oI
state: Nathan Coz and Senator Frye, fol
Secretary OF The Navy; 4 +. Kitchener,
for Attorney General; John G. New, foI
| Secretary Of the Treasury; and Warner
| Miller. for Secretary Of the Interior.
| 8rR J0Hx MAcDoSALD views without
approximations for the future the election
| Of Mr.. Harrison. and expresses no doub'
| that = new and satisfactory Fisheries
treaty will BE- negotiated IN good time.
1 A sgRIous riot occurred. on the Sth
between the negroes and whites q Ports
mouth, Va. q result Of the election ex.
element. Several persons were wounded
| and much bad blood engendercd.
| Nina JAv GOULD Was reported, on thu
| eth, ~ suffering from nervous prostra.
tiou. and very Ill
| VARIOUS estimates place the amount
| Of money won on the ls'e election b.
Chairman Quay at from $4,000 70 800.
| OO0
OLIVER wALcoTT. aged sixty-6ve, 4
prominent citizen Of East Long Meadow
Mass, and = descendant OF one OF ths
1 signers Of the Declaration Of Indepen.
dence, died, on the 9Th, from heart Dis.
4 ease.
THE report that the clyde steam Ii sag.
| NAV caryfed arms and ammunition from
| New York for the use OK the Haytien In.
surcents has been confirmed By examina.
| ton Of her papers.
EpwARD &. CoRRToAx. member or ths
| Massachusetts State Board Of Education
died Of apoplexy, on the sth, on Den
| yer q Rio Grande passenger train.
| The wife " Secretary Of War Endicoti
has announced the approaching marriage
u her daughter 70 Hon Joseph Cham.
berlain. n. r., Of England. . wealthy
manufacturer, in his hfty.second rear,
and enjoying m income Of cjQO)0 year;
with prospect 81 becoming Cabinet
Minister aud peer Of The realm.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1888-11-16

Apv1c1s mon ~1@o' A. say onoe ~
kln1 q (oree ms 81 1nonded ne removal
q No chinese real lone ~ 9eouL
y LONDON ~ <Ggom n ~ olh ooy93
Severe gales ~ prevailing on tho coast
q Oreaf hrie IN Many wrecks az vessels
ere report "a but no Hires aro kn0un %
- lost -. yot"
i'm cAnxRY has issued . challenge %
ucA 1li6s IN which be says ~ h ready
a Z willing 20 fight the American cham
pIon % spain. France. Australia o. any
part Of the world for fi.0oo o. <I0o0O :
side. OF q much more as be Ikea
HRxny LlxDxuAx. q Albany. n. y. =
| laborcr. aged forty, shot and killed ne
| tourtsen-year-old son willie. on tho eths
| for Qunrreling uttn HE brother.
A RussrAx company u being formed
with capital Of I0o.0oQo)0 rouoles Tor
| the construction of docks and ship build
ing yards q the principal knssian ports.
| The head once Of tho company Wall b g
Kie6.
The Vienna Sunday A0rning 6dre1& g
the 9Th. declared that Prince Bismarck
had asked Emperor William g relieve
him Of great portion Of bis duties ana
% appoint IN bic stead his son. Count
Herbert
tnxpEnIcK A. Forrs. president O. ne
New York susquehanna q Western nn''-
road Company. u very sick q me mouse
Of hts son 10 New York CITY,
President cLEvkLASD neio ms reku'
lar midday reception - me East roo"
on the sth
The London Duly Nt'es. q tne IN. says
that the publication d inc Blue book
containing the correspondence N INC
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1888-11-16

81. Loris. Nov. a-The cubernatorEal
question IN the State q not settled OnIy
complete county returns orom - outside
counties are reported - ; p - They
are here presented The strn<xliux and
muifitudinous precincs reports convey 70
adequate idea o. the result and are no,
given-
The dgures received tor Francis being
add~d % The ms1ori'ies In four other
Francis counties, where he full reports
are not - hand. give x3s3 - the result
The figures for KimbAIl being ndjed 20
the majorifies In three other Kiuh~ll
counties give ASA Subsr1ctiny Mr.
Francis has 20 his credit x5Is N these
Counties
In addition 20 this estimate Vernon
County will give Francis . majority q
l-s56. This Il II. Kimball's own county.
Seventeen ont O - precincts in Monroe
County give Francis !. 80 majority.
These sufhentic figures alone give Mr..
Francis I ~ majority il the State with
out counting the large majority he has
assunedly received In Jackson and other
south ge<tern and southern counties A.
Mr.. Kimball goes ont Of St Louis and -
Louis Couasy With r. 90 mAjorisy Francis
vail hare % add % his 4 - majority in
the State % make his elecsion sure. but
II Is quite likely taat be has done 50
Slow counties in Missouri are usually
Democratic.
The Jasper weekly courier. [volume] (Jasper, Ind.) 1858-1922, 1888-11-16

49,. -. "a Rt.o.ic.
''y - ~-''-ox-s> ~s'-' No.
n.Sss.a.
CurAoo Xox x-Snlrinx frcm -.
lafsss r<sarns shs f.llosin< nre ~, c.
Grossmen -si>ce ~ In1i1nn- nnI s<o~x /.
rniu q sArss for - Denocrafs- F.r<r
iissricx wn. y. P.rraaf. D>m.: n>~.,s
Joha 81 OX<aIl D>mL: Third J.<,-
nroun- Dem: Rsursh. Wu. n Holman
Dsn-: pilsh. Geo ". Coopsr. D~m
sixth Thon.s r. nrouns. Rurn: ssr-nrh
WIN. u Byrun. Dsn-: Ei<1fh. Y =
Rrook shire. D -. Xinsh. Jos- n Ch-atI~
Rem. T~rsh ~ n a.. c--