davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12
three new small leaves and set it deep

three new small leaves and set it deep
enough to cover up all the others. In
this there are several objects. The
large leaves being covered up, do not
continually, by evaporation, weaken
the life of the plant if a frost, which
seldom comes after setting, Injuries the
top, or cut-worms cut it off, new
shoots are at once started from the
base of the buried leaves, so that the
plant is not lost. If the ground be
naturally moist, no watering will be
necessary, but if dry give a half pint
to the plant, and when absorbed by
the earth draw fresh soil over it so
that the surface will not bake. AS
o o as the vines commence to grow,
work them with pillow and hoe, keep
ing the ground clean and mellow. At
least twice through the season the
vines should be lifted with a hand
stick so that they will not take root at
the joints and there set little potatoes
which mature, but will in
jure the main setting. The earlier one
can get sweet potatoes in market, the
more profitable they will be. 1 always,
as soon as large enough to sell, take
out one to three to each hill, taking
great care not to injure the vines or
the remaining roots. This l have
found, by several years experience, to
be good for the crop, besides get
double the price 1 could to wait until
digging time. The crop should be
dug when the ground is dry, and let
the potatoes dry before being stored.
They do best dug before the vines are
killed by frost.-T u. Baird, IN South
ern Cultavator.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12

the entire amount in the baking
powder passes, with all its injurious
properties, into the stomach.
The large profits from the manu-
facture of lime and alum baking
powders has placed many of them in
the market. They are to be found in
the stock of almost every retail dealer,
and are urged upon customers calling
for baking powders upon all occasions.
Because of their well-known detri-
mental character it is desirable that
prompt means be taken to suppress
their manufacture.
Pure baking powders are one of the
chief aids to the cook in preparing
perfect and wholesome food. While
those are to be obtained of we'll estab-
lished reputation, like the Royal, of
whose purity there has v been a
question, it is proper to avoid all
others.-Ameracan Cuhavator.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12
WHAT TO PLANT FOR FODDER
CROPS.

| would at this time like to impress
on the minds of stock feeders the ne
cessity of sowing an extra amount of
solling crops. to supplement the pas
lures at a season when the feed be-
comes short and scarce. 1t has been
my plan for several years to do away
with pasturing altogether, but I am
well aware that very few farmers will
follow this plan at first, and so l will
only advise raising fodder crops to
help carry the stock over the hot
months of summer. The best crop
that | raise is a mixture of 3 bushels
of oats and II bushels of Canada peas
to the acre. This on good land will
produce an abundant crop of the best
of fodder, and it is one that can be
sown quite early. A little later I SOW
barley. Then when the ground has
become quite warm, that most excel
lent and quick growing grasses of the
millet family, Hungarian, should be
sown, n bushel Of seed to the acre.
Either for a green crop or to be made
into hay, it is as good as any crop we
can raise, and large burdens can be
grown on moderately rich soil and
only occupy the land six or seven
weeks.
Then comes the main crop of fod-
der corn. And now profit by my
experience and don't SOW any of the
"mommoths" or "prolifcs" or any of
those varieties that the originators say
can grow 40 or so tons to the acre,
but select your seed of some larger
variety of sweet corr and SOW the seed
thin enough to have ears form ON the
stalk. Then you would have some
thing that the COWS will eat as though
they loved it, and your receipts from
the sale of butter Or milk will encour
age you in your efforts. For a later
feed than the corn you can SOW late
barley. l have sown as late as Aug.
ust 10th, and got a good crop. A
heavy frost will not injure it and it is
an excellent feed. 1 propose sowing
this year, about June LIST, one acre of
Marblehead mammoth cabbages for a
late feed for my cows. I believe they
will be a profitable crop for me as a
soiling crop. There is no danger of
getting too much Of these fodder
crops, for what is not needed to feed
green can be converted into hay for
winter, and help to make a variety of
feed at that season of the year when
the stock much needs IT,. W. Sar.
gent, Esse1 county, Mass.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12
THE VALUE OF RED CLOVER.

The Importance of clover outside it's
value in the rotation, is too generally
underestimate In fact its fertilizing
quality in renewing the heart of the
land, is not given its full place in the
relation of the soil. Where the crop
is natural to the soil, and it is gener.
ally so on all arabic, well-drained land,
clover is n of the most important in
agriculture. 1t is no less valuable as
a forage crop. In fact 1t is the most
valuable of any single plant with
which the farmer has to deal.
For young and growing hogs it may
be called indispensable for pasture,
and when so used it should be sown
pretty thick and with no other grass.
1t supplies every constituent of growth
fairly well, though we do not advise
its use as an exclusive summer diet.
In the West especially, a reasonable
amount of soaked Indian corn should
be allowed with the clover daily to
get the best results.
AS a winter daily food, if properly
cured, and it pays to cure it in the
best possible manner, the hay is
greedily eaten by the swine. In this
case it used to be our practice to cut
it up and mix with the daily mush of
the hogs. In this way the full nutri-
ment is conserved, and it also assists
in properly distending the stomach.
When clear clover is used as pas
ture for cattle, or even where clover
constitutes a considerable share of the
meadow, stock should not be turned
into a field hungry, when the grass is
fresh. They should stay only long
enough to fairly fill their stomachs,
to gorge themselves as they are
pretty apt to do; fifteen to twenty
minutes should suffice. Then urn
them out upon the very short pasture,
and put them back in the afternoon.
This will save overeating and conse-
quent bloat, often resulting in death.
In a few days they will not overeat
themselves. If bloat occurs, place a
gag between the teeth, large enough
to fully open the mouth. If this does
not give relief, use the knife by thrust
ing it fearlessly into the paunch, in
front of the hip and a little below. It
is a case then of life or death.
Clover is no less valuable as food
for mich cows, though of course the
best butter and cheese is made from
mixed grasses. For soiling there is
no one single crop better, and if fed
slightly wilted, we think it is thus to
be preferred.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12

The people of the United States
want a fractional paper currency, The
bill that passed the House providing
for silver certificates of small denomi.
nations would meet the want. That
plan utilizes some of our silver, and is
IN every way as reliable as coin, with
the added element of convenience.
With the issue of these silver certif-
Gates for twenty-five, fifteen and ten
cents, any combination on five can be
made, and the great need of fractional
currency for use in the mails is met.
Ii this measure sticks in the Senate
Finance Committee, the people will
wish to know the s
To say that the Treasury does not
want the trouble of making the u r
rency will not be considered a suf6-
c1ent answer. If the Secretary of the
Treasury, as we understand to be the
fact, opposes the measure and is likely
to bring about an adverse report Of
the Senate Finance Committee. the
administration and those Senators who
side with it on this matter, will GER
tainly have something to settle with
the people.
This is a matter in which nearly all
the people take an interest. It is not
merely a convenience that they may
reasonably ask for, it is a positive help
In business. Farmers in remote places
can thus remit the exact amount for
seeds, for goods of all kinds for the
household, publications, etc. 1t takes
too much time, often, to procure pos
orders, and they are announcement
for those who receive them.
In short, the time has come when
the people in general ask for this leg.
1slation for the sake of business inter.
Close inquiry will, therefore, be
made as to who is favorine and who
opposing the measure. It perhaps is
secret that Senator Sherman is in
favor of the bill, and will do all he
can to secure its passage by the Sen
ate. 1t passed the House by the large
majority of III yeas to 81 nays
Farm Field and Stockman.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12

There is no better soil or climate in
the world for raising coffee and sugar
than that of Mexico. With a little
importation of improved machinery,
an extension of the railway system
and improved transportation in gen
eral and a considerable, infusion of
Yankee enterprise and energy, Mexico
might supply this continent with both
sugar and coffee.
In the matter Of sugar Mexico does
not even meet the wants of it's own
population. Besides the obstacles to
the sugar industry already mentioned,
there is: of course, a sore need of
capital. The business has met with
the greatest development in the States
of Morelos, Vera Cruz, and Michoacau.
which together yield about half of the
annual output. Little surplus above
the requirements for local consumption
is manufactured, except at points dis
tant from the larger cities and the
modern railroad lines. The transpor.
tation of sugar on mule-back across
the country is Improbable, and, on
account of the crudeness of the usual
processes, so much of the staple as is
exported meets with little favor in the
markets.
The sugar planters of Tabasco and
undertook a while q to
unite in finding regular foreign mar
kets but they have so far accomplished
next to nothing. Efficient labor is
hard to find, and there are
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12
DANGEROUS FOOD ADULTERA-
TON.

IL prefer to buy, an adul-
terated article of food because it can
be had at a lower price, they undoubt-
edly have the right to do so, provided
the adulterants are not of a. character
injurious to health. If such articles
are not falsely sold as pure, and the
customer is not deceived as to their
real character, the transaction is not
illegitimate.
But the great danger in the traffic
IN adulterated food arises from the
deception that is practised by manu-
f%acturers usually CHASING such goods
as pure. This is almost invariably
done when the adulterant is n that
is injurious to health. For instance,
manufacturers of alum and lime bak-
ing powders not only fail to inform
the public of the real character of
their goods, but carefully conceal the
fact that they r made from these
poisonous articles. Most of these
manufacturers also claim that their
'rticles are pure and wholesome, while
some go still further and proclaim
boldly that they are cream of tartar
goods, or even the genuine Royal
Baking Powder itself. No consumer
will buy alum baking powders know
ingly, for it is well understood that
they r detrimental to health. The
sale OF lime and alum baking powders
as pure and wholesome articles is,
therefore, criminal, and it is satisfac-
tory to notice that several persons
engaged in such sale have already
been brought to justice in he courts.
The official analysis have recently
been active in the pursuit of these dis
honest articles. The baking powders
of several States have been carefully
and critically examined. The officials
are surprised at the large amount of
lime and alum goods found. 1t is a
suggestive fact that no baking powder
except the Royal has been found with.
out either lime Or alum, and many
contain both. DR.. Prices baking
has been found to contain
nearly twelve per cent. of lime; Cleve-
.and's eleven per cent of impurities;
The phosphate powders over twelve
per cent. of lime.
The chief service of lime is to add
weight. 1t is true that lime, when
subjected to heat, gives off a certain
amount of carbonic acid gas, but a
lulcklime is left-a caustic of most
powerful nature. A small quantity
II dry lime upon the tongue, or in the
we, produces painful effects; how
much more serious must these effects
De on the delicate membranes of the
tomach, intestines and kidneys, more
PARTICULARLY of infants and children,
nd especially when the lime is taken
nto the system day after day, and
With almost every meal. This is said
y physicians to be one of the causes
f indigestion, dyspepsia, and those
ainful diseases of the kidneys now so
revalent. +.
Adulteration with lime is quite as
1uch to be dreaded as with alum,
'hich has heretofore received the /.
lost emphatic condemnation from
bod analysis, physicians and chemists,
Or the reason that while alum may be
dissolved by the heat of
aking, it Is impossible to destroy or !
lange the nature of the lime so that s
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12
SWEET POTATO CULTURE.

This, perhaps, is not as valuable a
market crop as many other garden
crops, but [ consider it one of the cas-.
lest of cultivation, and no garden or
farm is complete without it. A sandy
soil is generally recommended for this
crop, but | have been most successful
on rather clayey soil. The best results
follow a heavy application of manure,
yet the finest crop l ever raised was
on a sod turned under without any
manure. In preparing the land, break
it not I'VE four inches deep. If the
land could be got mellow, it would be
best not to break the land under the
ridges, but it is not easy to pulverize
the soil without breaking all of it. The
land should be stirred every week or
at least often enough to bring it into
fine condition by the time you want to
plant. Then with a small turning
pillow, throw two burrows together so
as to make a small ridge about a foot
high and not over eighteen inches
broad. The ridges may be three feet
apart and the plants two feet in the
ridge. On clay soils, however, I think
it best to make hills. The sweet
potato is a tropical plant, needing all
the heat it a get, and a hill will heat
through quicker than a ridge, for the
same reason small ridges when used
are best. Many growers make large,
high hills and ridges, let some try
small ridges and hills and note the
difference in yield and quality of the
crop. There is another reason why
hills grow larger and better potatoes
than ridges, that when the potatoes
grow they crack and expend the hill
more than they can a ridge, giving
more for growth.
The most saleable potato is one that
is short and thick, and it is to produce
these that you pillow shallow and make
flat hill ridges, SO as the potatoes
grow they will reach the hard soil and
be checked in their downward growth
and will develop thickness. In form
ing the ridges, throw a liberal dressing
OF ashes on them and finish up with
the hoe. After smoothing the ridge
with a rake it, is ready to set. This J
is done by making a hole with one
hand, in which, as the hand is with
is placed the plant with the
and then packed with the
thumb and finger of both hands. In
picking up the plant, take it by two or
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12

other obstacles to successful produc-
ton. Brown lump sugar, the staple
article of consumption, sells at retail
all over the republic at ten cents to
fifteen cents per pound, and refined
sugar from the United States com
mands about the same price. Very
little improved machinery is employed
in the manufacture of. sugar. AS a
rule, the zane is ground between roll
ers, turned by horse power, and not
more than sixty per cent. of saccharine
matter is extracted. The juice also
is not refined, being simply strained
and then boiled into a solid mass.
Brown sugar is exclusively consumed
by the Indian population, and travel
ers rarely meet with anything else.
Here is indicated one direction in
which the proposed inter-American
conference may accomplish something.
We car supply Mexico with machin-
cry and means of transportation and she
can furnish coffee and sugar in pay
ment. The ways and means for such
reciprocal advantages may well occupy
some of the time of the Conference
Farm Field and Stockmam.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12

The journey from Washington to
boston is now made with ease between
9 a. m. and 1890 p. m.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-06-12

The public will not be sorry to learn
that the grape sugar trust has collapsed.
The trust consisted of five companies,
manufacturing glucose sugar from
corn, and of course making enormous
profits by selling it in competition with
genuine cane sweet. This chemical
sugar is formed by the Transformation
Of starch into sweet, the same as is
made by nature in the termination Of
seeds. 1t is done by the free use of
sulphuric acid or oil of vitriol. Glucose
sugar is not SO sweet as that from the
cane, and is known by this and by it's
turning tea black when used in it.
This is the combination of the sui
phuric acid in glucose sugar with the
tea solution. No one wants to buy
glucose for genuine sugar. not that it
is unhealthful, but it's inferior sweet
ness makes it less valuable. Al the
glucose manufacturers have fallen out
among themselves, the public which
buys sugar will get the benefit. 1t
will also probably affect the price of
other sugar, as the two products are
necessarily competitors with each
other. The breakup of the combina-
ton may also affect the price of glucose
meal, a by-product in this manufac-
ture, which is largely sold near glucose
factories for feeding stock. It is what
remains after sulphuric acid has con-
verted most of the starch the corn con-
tains into glucose sugar. There is no
Oil of vitriol left in this glucose meal
if the manufacturer al get it out. It
is far too costly to be sold at glucose
meal prices.-Mercuru.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1888-08-12
The Coming Hat.

New York Evening Post.
Although the crowns 10 new bonnets and
round hats have changed most decidedly in
style. the brims follow many of the familiar
models very closely, rolled up here and crushed
in there in the picturesque manner usual to hats
of this description. Some of the handsome
broad-brimmed La Tosca and Rembrandt shapes
are weighted with chaplets of grasses, ferns,
currantleaves. brambles and hazel sprays.
and lunches OF green nuts, these taking
the place Of the ivy and green wheat that has
lately been so much employed. The crowns are
almost fat in effect. and all the height obtained
is through the arrangement OF long loops Of
MORE ribbon. Wreaths Of holly berries and
shaded autumn leaves have appeared q little
out OF season this year, and are intertwined
with black point d'esprit net on Spanish round
hats of fine black Milan. Garlsnds OF tender
green hops are arranged around the crowns of
beige or olive hats faced with dark-gresa vel
vet. Autumn field flowers mounted on
very natural-looking stalks are set up
10 front Of saucylooking little poke bonnets in
very aggressive fashion, one Partisan shape
showing the front completely hidden by an inn
mense cluster of scarlet geranium blossoms and
large, full dandelions intermingled with q num-
Der of these, overblown and turned into fluffy
balls. exactly reproducing the flower gone to
seed.
The chapeau of the moment, however, Is now
exhibited in all its regal glory-the coaching
hat, OF Leghorn or satin Papoma. in ecru, red,
bronze, black and olive s~hades-upon which are
expended a great deal OF time. much money, and
no end CT profound and deliberate consideration.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1888-08-12
Remembered the French Retreat.

Paris Dispatch in London Daily Telegraph.
A highly interesting volume on Adam MCKEE
wicZ. the famous Pole, who was SO long q Gistin-
Ruished professor in the College Of France. as
we'll as a poet. has just been published in Paris
by Savine. 1t is from the pen of his SOD, NJ. La
dislas Mickiewicz, who has compiled q careful
and accurate notice of the litterateur from au-
thentic sources. Mickiewicz was born in 1898
at Zaosie ia Lithuania, a region full of vast for
ests, which had an Influence on the imagination
of the youthful poet One of the most vivid
"reminiscences of the bard was the arrival in his
native town Of numerous remnants of the
French army In retreat from Moscow.
The soldiers of the Imperial Guard kept
pouring into the town en- masse. and were
kindly received every where. The cold was afro
cious. and fires were kindled. over which the old
soldiers bent pensively night and day. They had
lost the faculty of sleep. and were able to live
on bits of bread or anything, so Injured were
they to privation. Most of the men were gray
headed, aud Mickiewiczh having asked them why,
at their advanced age, they had left their coun-
try. the warriors replied: "We could not see
him go away alone without u.s." The ''him' was
Napoleon, and the veterans regarded as complete
utilities the younger men who followed the con-
queror in battalions. Mickiewicz passed tns
greater part of his lite in France, aud wrote CO.
piously in French and Polish. his French works
being mainly literary and historical. He was
the intimate friend of Edgar Quinet. Michelst,
and George Sand, and in the volume now be-
fore the public are many OF his letters to or
from his numerous ecquaintances, including the
illustrious persons mentioned.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1888-08-12
A Sermon by Father TAYLOR.

John Goldman, In August Century.
once heard Father Taylor preach q sermon
on the atonement. 1t was all in q style that no.
body but a sailor could understand, o style that
every sailor could comprehend, although a treat
ise on this subject from an uptown pulpit would
have been ''Greek" to him. This was one of the
passages: "You are dead 10 trespasses and sins,
and buried too, down in the lower hold amongst
the ballast, and you can't get out. for there is q
ton OF sin on the main hatch. You shin up the
stanchions and try to get il open, but You can't
Your rig a purchase. You get your handspiKes,
capstan bars and watch tackles. but they are no
good You can't start it. Then you begin to
sing out for help. You hail all the saints you
think are on deck. but they can't help you. t
last you hail Jesus Christ. He comes straight
along. All he wanted was to be asked. He just
claps his shoulder to that ton of Sin. 1t rolls
off. and then he says, '~Shipmates, come out.
Well, il you don't come out il is all your own
fault
1t was on the Sunday before a State cleo
ton. Briggs was the candidate OF the Wing
party. but Father Taylor desired that
he should be elected because he was
a religious man. This was his prayer: 20
Lord, give US good men TO rule over Us. just
men. temperance men. Christian men, men who
fear Thee, who obey Thy commandments. men
who-but. o Lord, what's the use Of veering,
and hauling, and pointing all round the com
passf Give as George N. Briggs for Governor
His prayer was answered on the next day.
Father Taylor was eloquent, humorous and
pathetic by turns Sometimes all these charac-
t~eristics seemed to be merged into one. These
and many others of his traits interested me.
but loved him because, fret. and last, and all
the time, he was the sailors friend.