davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

Harvey himself couldn't discover the circu-
lation of some newspapers.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

Second broker Maybe so, but he is big
gobbler.n
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

The author of "Old Oaken Bucket" evi.
IDENTIFY did not believe in letting we'll crouch
alone
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

First broker-oThey say Old Hutch il a
small eater"
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

Experts at picking locks-wig malsers.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

out on the slanting point of one of the
batteries, overlooking the sea, and there
keep up dancing for several minutes.
The sentry demonstrated with the visitor,
and order him desist. Finding, at length,
that the stranger would persist in his
foolish and dangerous antics, the sentry
brought his musket to bear on him, and
threatened instant death. This action
secured compliance with orders. The
sentry was, however, brought before
court of inquiry on charge of having
exceeded his authority, and having DIS
regarded instructions in preventing tho
strangers disposing of his life as he liked
best.
The man defended his conduct by re-
ferring to the orders of the governor.
that ''no one but the post surgeon should
cut capers within the fort"
Impediment OF speech a Blessing.
The late William II. Travers, a num-
Der of years ago, took afatherly interest
in q man who is now Wall street
banker, and who was formerly clothing
store clerk. He forsook the corner and
made a start in the street under the wing
Of the noted wit. The young man mar
ried charming Brooklyn girl. On his
return from the wedding trip Mr.. Travers
congratulated him:
''They t-t-teIl me, Cha Cha Charley,
that you m-m-married -char-m-m
ming woman"
EYES," replied the young man. "She
is beautiful and accomplished, but she
has one misfortune.
'.Ah hal W-w-what's that, Cha Cha
Charley2"
''She suffers"
''She stut-t-t-ters, does shel And you
c-c-c-call that a m-mis-f-f-fortune2
Why, Cha Cha Charley, that's BIB
blessing in wo.wo-wman. "-Ne,o York
Sun.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

Senator VOORHEES,, of Indiana, is known as
the 'sTnll Sycamore of the Wabash
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

nay Live at home and money work..
uuhb anything Either sex Costly ou,a
FKKE. Terms PRE-. Address. TRUE CO.. Augusta Maine
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10

Esaiy'sysill a,s.i English q. oSuI .a'
Oval Boz, 81. raund, Ia pills.
Charlotte messenger. [volume] (Charlotte, Mecklenburg Co., N.C.) 1882-18??, 1888-11-10
ARE YQIl MBRRIEl2 "a S9 .Rs AZ ~ a;

this society WHICH lays its members $3.50 70 Q09
pt InnrrlaGc. Circulars free. N. w. MUTUAL EN-
DOWAENT sOCIEIY. Box s4O, MinneapoIIs. Mimi.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
Directors to be Appointed.

+ The time having expired for
which G.. C. Powning, l.. j. Flint,
of Washoe, and Joe Marzen, of
Lovelock, were appointed as MEM
bers of the State Board OF Arg;cul-
ture, it is incumbent upon Govern
or Stevenson to fill the vacancies.
1t is understood that the appoint
ments have already been made,
but it is doubtful whetherthe names
of the lucky 90 individuals will be
made public until the next meeting
of the Board. or the three, it is
stated that G.. G.. Powning is
the only one who desires a reap
pointment, Messrs. Flint and Mar
zen having tired of serving the peo-
pie in such thankless position
Gazette.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
SANTA MONICA BEACH.
senator Jones Brings Snits of
Eiectment Against Cam pers.

senator Jones Brings snits of
Ejectment Against Campers.
It has been the custom for years
past for many residents of Los
Angeles and Pasadena to camp on
the beach at Santa Monica during
the Summer months by erecting
tents and houses. Senator John p.
Jones, who CLAIMS the waterfront
OF his property stretching along
the sea for half mile, has taken
early steps to prevent this custom
this year, by ibstitHting an action
for ejectment against several par
ties who have already located them
selves on the sands. The damages
are fixed at $1,000, and an extra
81 900 is wanted for loss of rents.
Ii the Nevada Senator wins his
case, campers will he restricted to
renting tent room on the high bluffs
overlooking the beach in future.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
srAG. AND snAsN RoEs4fs-.
Total q mount Of Doodle They
Relieved Weil,s Fargo of

| In 1887.
! Chief Detective Hume, Of Wells
Fargo & Co.'s Express, says that
the company's losses by stage and
train robbers during the year 1881
have been greatly exaggerated by
rumor, and that the accounts pub
lished have given a false impress
ion to the public.
He says of their extent that dur
ing the year there were seven stage
robberies and two attempts made.
The total plumber taken by the
thieves amounted to only 1926.
All of these are known to the Of
ficers as one-arm robberies that is,
only one person was engaged in the
affair.
The company's loss during the
year from burglaries was 1919 43
During the year 1887 the COM
pany suffered by train robberies as
follows:
April 27-The west bound train
of the Southern Pacific was robbed
near Papago, twenty-one miles west
Tucson, OF s., 1927 80.
June 1S-The east-bound train
near San Antonio and Houston in
the vicinity of the village OF Fla
lima, was robbed OF S. ,230 46.
August lO-The west-bound
tram, near Papago, $2,O33 10.
September 16-Ihe west-bound
train of the Atlantic & Pacific, near
Navago Springs, was robbed of $751;
2lO 10.
The aggregate of losses to the ex-
press company was, therefore, $751;
2l0 So by train-robberies.
Two robbers have been sent to
the penitentlary.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04

The Time to Wear Glasses
When persons find their eyes be-
coming dry and itching in reading
as well as those who find it neces-
sary to place an object more than
IA inches away from their face to
read, they need spectacles. Specta-
cles sold by peddlers and jewellers
generally are hurtful to the eyes of
those who read much, as the lens
are OF inferior glass and are not
symmetrically ground. Unless
the lenses are mounted in suitable
frame and properly placed before
the eye, discomfort will arise from
their prolonged use. The proper time
to begin wearing glasses is just as
soon as the eyes tire on being sub
jected to prolonged use.-Medical
Herald.
DIR Harmon
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
REGISTRATION NOTICE.

Notice is hereby given that the time
for registi alton of -ualified electors
OF Empire school Di trict No 2, Ormsby
County. Neva IN, prior 20 the special
election to be hei in said district on
February 18th, lS8s. for the purposc of
an bmitfi TO the qualified electors of
said district the question wheihe n
special tax OF one Thousand dollars
shall be raised, ill expire at O'Clock
p. M. on the 18th day of February, 1855.
JOHN BARCLAY,
]. p. and exc scio Registry Agent
febi,10t
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
Olcoyich Rrothers.

The well-known dealers in Gen.
eral Merchandise, call the attention
of the public to the following facts:
They have on hand q large and
well-selected stock of Shoes. These
they offer at q sacrifice to make
room tor Groceries and Provisions.
Everybody is invited to call and in
spect before purchasing else
where. feb4
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
Syrup OF Figs

Is Natures true laxative. 1t is the
most easily taken, and the most eff
fective remedy known to Cleanse the
System when Bilious or Costive; to
dispel Headaches, Colds, and Fe-
vers to Cure Habitual Constipation,
Indigestion, Piles, etc. Manufac-
tured only by the California Fig
Syrup Company, San Francisco, Cal.
For sale by George C. Thaxter,
agent Carson.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
The Most Agreeable

As we'll as the most effective meth
cd of dispel!ing Headaches, Colds,
and Fevers, or Cleansing the Sys-
TEN, is by taking few doses of the
pleasant California liquid fruit rem
edv, Syrup of Figs. For sale by
Geo. c.. Thaxter, agent
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04

IT. E. Farnsworth, one of the
Coronado, Oxford, hotel managers,
was shot and killed there January
81, by Charles Spencer, a carpenter
employed on the building. The
shot was intended for L. Watson.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04

esterday the horses which draw
the flume wagon ran away and liter
ally smashed the wagon all to fin
ders. They left separate spoke in
front of each block. Finally a horse
was landed with his feet in the air
in a ditch near the school house.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04

-Jem. Smith intends to sign ar
ticles to fight Sullivan in May or
June for Ell 900 a side. 1t is not
probable that Sullivan will agree,
because he wishes to return to
America before that time. It is
merely bluff on Smiths part.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
suicide.

The jury in the case of the man
who cut his throat with a razor,
found that his name was Fritz Deb
odend, a native of Denmark, aged
40 married, and that ne committed
suicide in fit of insanity, brought
on By dependency and sickness.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
Opening Night.

Joe Casper's new saloon will
open this evening on the corner OF
4th and Carson street. 1t will be a
saloon and beer hall on a large
scale and will become resort for
the thirsty in hot weather and cold.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
NOTICE OF

DissOlutiom of COpartnership.
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN
IN that he copartnershIp heretofore
existing between the undersigned, un-
Ger the f3rm name and style of Blumen-
taal 4 .Cohn, fas been this day dis
solved by mutual consent. The BUSH
nes. Of the late Arm will be continued
BY p. Blumenthal aud A. Cohn, who
ere authorized to collect all outstanding
debts owing to the said firm
A. BLUNEyTHAL,
A. COIN.
Carson City, Jan. 81, 1885.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04

Robert G. Howell, Superintend-
ent of the General Delivery Depart
ment at the Philadelphia Postofice,
has beer arrested, charged with
embezzlement in taking necktie
from . mail package.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
House For Rent.

House of five rooms, desirably To-
Gated, partially furnished. For par
ticuIars address: "House," this Of
fee. jana
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04

Indians Throw a New BORN
Babe i'm Its Mothers
Grave.
A few days ago the negro squaw,
"Topsy," gave birth to a child
near the Tahoe lumber yard. Her
sister was present, and she asked
her to build a fire. The sister re-
fused on The ground that during her
recent confinement no one had
bothered to build fires for her. The
sick woman lying on the ground in
a wickiup, then called for water,
saying she wanted it ice cold. She
was in high fever, and drank such
quantities of water that she died
that afternoon, her sister standing
by and offering no assistance.
Day before yesterday she was
buried, and council was held to
decide what to do with the child.
The fact that the dead mother was
not full-blooded Indian, but half
negro, weighed against her. There
was no enc to take care OF the
child, and when the mother was
buried the Indians choked the
child to death, and flinging it into
the grave on the mothers breast,
threw on the dirt and went away |
without further ceremony. The |
mother was always in bad odor
with the tribe because of her mixed |
blood and bad character.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
ALL SCARS.


The Capitol restaurant vii
spread big turkey dinner to-mol
row.
Fishing is fine just now, dow
on Carson river and at the Mexican
dam.
Hem stitched Silk Handker
chiefs, twenty-five cents a piece, a
Olcovich Bros.
The box-sheet for The Cara
venta Opera Troupe is now open
Wade King, manager.
The brilliant star that the Tri'
bune astronomer considers the Stal
of Bethlehem, is Venus.
| AN ostrich egg is exhibited al
Chedic's drug store. 1t is about
the size of q sugar bowl.
| -Rodger Crow is back from Los
Angeles, and says lots of people are
talking OF coming to OWENS Valley
to buy land.
1t is reported that five Indians
froze to death near Wells, this State,
during the extreme cold weather of
the last few days.
The Vail-Rising wedding was
celebrated with great eclat, in Vir-
ginia City on Thursday night.
Over one thousand invitations were
| issued.
The foundation for the engine
to run the electric works for the V.
& T. shops and Box Factory is
nearly completed, and the works
will soon be in running order.
The Nellie Boyd troupe gave
''Passion's Slave" last evening to
good audience. The piece was
splendidly presented and those who
attended enjoyed the performance.
John Piper sends his son Ed.
down now to manage the Theatrical
troupe. John is getting too old
now to set up nights treating the
leading lady andsoubrette TO cham
payne and oysters.
For more than forty years,
Ayers Cherry Pectoral has been
successfully prescribed in cases OF
consumption. This medicine al
ways affords great relief IN pulmon-
airy diseases. Ask your druggist
for it.
"A clear skin adds to the beauty of
a fine face, and often lends a charm
to nominees. To beautify your
complexion, you should purify your
blood with Ayers Sasaparilla. AS
a tonic and alternative medicine, it
has no equal. Price 81. Six bot
ties, So.
1t is reported that the mysteri-
Gus ore in Antelope Valley can be
successfully worked. A gentleman
has been there experimenting, and
has been using fux that answers
the purpose. The metal resembles
steel, and can be polished so as to
look like silver. Walker Lake Bull
letin.
Newspaper men everywhere
will appreciate the point of story
hat is told by Chicago people about
w. E. Curtis. the well-known cor
who was secretary and
member of the South
American Commission. 1t seems
hat Curtis went to Europe some
ime ago for the Chicago News, with
special mission OF investigating and
writing up Anarchy, Nihilism and
,tlier kindred Affections of the Old
World monarchies. When he
anne back his material was put in
bape for one big issue ofth paper.
t had cost some $500. Before it
ould be printed Curtis, on rail-
Dad train with an old fellow jour
alist of the Inter-Ocean. talked
Dr. hours about his European trip.
he others memory was retentive,
nd he printed in the Inter-Ocean
ovt dav n fhraa cOlrmn sfintnr-
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
SUBSCRIBER

The principle objection is that if
an open pond were used, the people
would sit around the edge and after
reading the news day in advance,
never put up AGENT. ED.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
coPARTNERsHIP NOTICE.

TINE UNDERSIGNED HAVE
Il this day formed q copartnership
under the firm name and style of Blum
euthal 4 Cohn. and have succeeded to
business OF the late firm composed
Of A. Blumenthal and A. Cohn.
PBLUMENTHAL,
a. COHN.
Carson City, February LIST, 1883.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04


Ophir-9I
Mexican 81
Gould & Curry-5s
Best & Belcher-6s
Con. Cal. & Va ISL
Savage-I4
Chollar Ct
P0t0si-6I
Hale & Norcross 81
Grown Point
Yellow Jacket-94
West G. Point-hlc
North Belle Isle-73
Nevada Queen-3 %
Commonwealth-4 IS
Tuscarora -2Jc
Bodice 40
Peer less-1 so
Kentuck-1
Mt. Diablo-4 30
Con. Paciic-20c
Navajo Queen -l0c
Iowa-50c
Ploueer-15c
Lady Washington-45c
Found Treasure-2 10
Julia-40c
ConSdence-& .
Mono-2 10
Bulwer-90c
Caledonla-s.5c
Bentou-2A
Imperial-3
Alpha 10
Belcher-7s
Sierra Nevada-52
Utah. 10
Bullion 20
Exchequer-1 80
Seq. Belcher-3 65
Overmau-2 30
Union-2 95
Alta 10
Challenee-6
Silver Hill-5Oc
Andes-l So
Scorpion-S5c
Baltimore-95c
Weldon-50c
Navajo-40
Tioga-15c
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1888-02-04
DR.. HARMON.
The Reason hy.

ED. APPEAL have read your
yarn on writing editorials with skates
on the ice. Why don't you hire a
pond ard utilize the plan? My
eyes are getting old and like to
read big type.
Mountain Home bulletin. (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1888-1889, 1888-10-27
VERY NICE LANGUAGE FOR A
CONGRESSMAN.

Botse Democrat
|, having been reported by demo
Gratis and denied by republicans tina,
Mr. Dubois, in an iutervi W with J
3. oldham. had applied an opproeions
epithet to these opposed to him, We
wrote TO Mr. oldham to know whether I
it WAS true or iilse, with a request that
he furnish us with correct account
of the converse ion. il any, that took |
place between them. The following is |
/ Mr.. Oldham's reply, over his own sigma
ture, which We give precisely as written.
HALEY, Idaho, Oct. 15-SS
A. ] Boyakin, Editor Idaho Demo
crat-Dear Sir: In reply to yours Of
the l3th inst, have to state that l
met Mr.. Dubois ut Shoshone on the
9th, aud after u pleasant chat of few
minutes upoa genera! topics he said
without preface or other remark:
"All decent people are for me, and
all sons-of-bitches are Against me-"
made no reply but turned away. !
: aiterward repeated his statement to II
: mutual friend through whose instru-
I mentality l presume MIR. Dubois
2 sought another interview with me, in
| the course Of which he excused himself
for the statement by saving that he in
tended to include in the list of those
opposed to him only Mormons and Seq
Y regationists; and that he meant 30 OF
= fence to me or any Of hls friends.
e :oll him that | took no offence person
!. ALLY at all
4 next met Mr. Dubois at Boise City
Il when he said that he had qunrre
IL Mlth me it | wanted one. | toli hin
!, | wanted no quarrel with him. HI
go ,t,ia that had repeated what he has
aid t. me At s'ho,hunr without giving
q h,s explanation of such statement.
~ Told him tina, he had been misiuiurmcd
ct that | had repeated his statement hu
Of had also carefully given his exrlaui
III ton in ul lie then sand had Ii
to ri.ht t. repeat such IA statement, i
IL view OF the personal fir indship the
~ existing between us said :"Mr. ID,
y Bots, am and have been always
y, personal friend oi yours, bat am II,
III your political f.irnd and clam I'll
eT right To repeat any political informal
ed ion You may lmpart.'
x 1'hl, is the substance OF all that h,
by passed between Us III regard to ii
rs matter, and the statement that |
~ made to me at She shone is given
- his exact words, while have endeavo
~ I'D to DO him full justice in his expla
- alton
So far as betraying his confidence
ne, any way by repeating his stnteme
ere aud explanation is concerned, ! ha
ar to say TIA I my relations with Mr. u
ire Rol,, have never been so Intimate til
on i. have given him any reason TO sl
pose that | held him III any higher
IN TEEN than held my allegiance to I
40 democracllc party.
- ~ Yours, truly,
Lle ] b. OLDHAM
Mountain Home bulletin. (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1888-1889, 1888-10-27
SENATOR HUTcHINs.

T. Hutchins came in from Camas
Thursday and silenced the infamous
lie started by the Wood River
Times that he would not allow his
name to be used for the Council on
the Division ticket. lie accepts and
has already pulled his coat for the
fight-and he'll fight to win this
time. If Rocky Bar Atlanta and
Pine Grove vote solid for division
we will elect the whole ticket. Not
a single vote will be cast against
division in this precinct.
Mountain Home bulletin. (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1888-1889, 1888-10-27

Arrangements are being rapidly
made for the immediate building Of
an Episcopal church at Mountain
Home. Archdeacon Plant has Sc
cured four desirable lots as the
property of the Church, and has
met with great deal of incourage-
ment in the way Of financial aid in
the undertaking. Bids have been
already received and are being now
considered. The contract will doubt
less be let during the coming week.
The Archdeacon has gone to Boise
City for a'few days to solicit aid.
Vic Bierbower had a change of
heart on the division question after
travelling over the billy road from
HALEY to Pine Grove, and according
to the News Miner, expressed him
self as follows in speech at Pine
Grove: "Since leaving Wood River,
fellow citizens, my views on the di-
vision question have undergone a
change. | am for division now, and
want you to take Louise hill in the
new county. We don't need it any
longer in Alturas.
While en- route to the division
meeting at Pine Grove last week
Zach Hungerford was so unfortun-
ate as to lose one of his nuts from
the wagon. He was compelled t.
foot it three miles to blacksmith
shop for repairs, but notwithstand.
ing this serious mishap Zach ar
rived at the Grove in time to take
in the dance and seemed to be a
favorite of all the ladies assembled
thereby creating much jealousy
in the breasts of Gus. Rikewine and
others who were not blessed with
lacks beautiful hirsuteness.
At meeting of the citizens Of
Pine Grove, held on the 22d for the
purpose Of getting up a ball III hon
or of the appearance there OF Hon
jim Hawley on November I'd, }. d.
Uelfrieh was called to the chair and
r. p. Chattin elected secretary. Ar
rangements were soon perfected, the
bali will be given, and we hope te
see a large crowd in Pine Grove OF
that evening Give Mr.. Hawley {
rousing reception, See announce
ment in another column.
Since becoming the "organ" o
the anti-division Haley Democracy
fno coin consideration ofcourse) til
bellevue Herald hes greatly modl
fed its views on county division
, Selah.
J. NJ. Hagar is daily in receipt o
new goods, but cannot display then
. until he gets into his new brlct
j building-which he hopes to do err
4 many days.
,, Rev. A. J. Joslyn has gone t.
Vancouver, Washington Territory
v where he has been stationed by tn
a Methodist conference.
;. Fletcher & Simpson have com
menced work on their large fire
r proof cellar.
= Vim Mulhollan, miner, suicide
II in Boise Sunday last.
Mountain Home bulletin. (Mountain Home, Idaho) 1888-1889, 1888-10-27
Tickets, including supper, ~ so
JUDGE j. $. WATERS AT HIS OLD
KANSAS HOME.

George l.. Wall received the fol-
lowing letter which he wishes read
by all voters:
... TOPEKA, Kansa', oct 8, 1898,
George Wall Esq, Mountain Home Idaho:
FRiESp GEoReE:-I have just learned that my cd
friend Hon. J. S. Waters, OF your county, formerly
of Labete county, this state, has received the nomi
nation for District Attorney OF your county. hope
you will do every thing in your power 70 Sc" re his
e. ion because there Is true merit in HIM, having
known him continuously for nearly 20 years You
will rerhaps remember that he was District Attorney
Of Iabete county for four successive TERMS and also
member Of the Legislature from that county have
b on intimately acquainted with him and know that
there is true merit in him. having helped to fight the
battles of the party side by side when IL was rather
up hill business in both Cherokee and Labette or unit
les You will find him a true friend, stauncil
publican and as fearless as he Is true l hope you
have su icient number of Republican votes In youI
county to elect him. az there is reason why Repub
Jeans should no, support him to amsn He has beer
tried in the scales Of popular opinion and has nese
been found wanting.
Ihave reeei, ed the Republican nomination Tor Sec
rotary of State OF this State-whieh Is equivalent
election, you know.
Hoping you will do all in your power for my oil
friend Waters I will close by wishing you and hin
Unparalleled success in your adopted home,
am as ever your a friend,
Il WM. HIGGISs