The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-08-31
HOW STORMS ARE MADE.
AN ATMOSPHERIC FUNNEL WHICH
FORMS THE TERRIBLE CYCLONE.
Scientific Explanation Of the Origin of
sandspouts, Waterspouts and Tornadoes.
Disastrous Enects-Some NIilder Forms.
The Poetic Side.

thing Is certain-namely, that a year or
series OF years OF excessive sun heat will in
evitably be years and seasons Of excessive
atmospheric disturbances, because increase
Of heat will produce excess of evaporation,
excess of electric action. and, necessarily, ex-
cessive precipitation; and, during preva-
lence of this excess Of sun heat, there must
be over limited areas violent storms both
summer and winter
WATERSPOUTS AND ToRNADoEs.
When very large areas of the atmosphere
have been, by excess of heat, brought into an
unequal state, as large areas of lower stra-
tum of highly heated air and vapor, which is
also intensely electric, the conditions to pro-
duce sandspouts, waterspouts and tornadoes
are fully ripe. The upper and colder layer
Of the atmosphere cannot cool the lower
highly heated and vapor laden stratum so
evenly and quickly as to prevent vents in
the form of tunnels forming from the lower
stratum to the higher stratum, and causing
a rupture which takes place upward in pipe
form, just as water in tank or basin, hav-
Ing bottom means for discharge by pipe,
flows out with whirling lnotion-in our
northern hemisphere always in the direction
OF the hands Of clock, and so the heated,
highly electric and excessively vapor laden
atmosphere breaks into the cold atmosphere
above when at the level Of the ''dew point"
invisible vapor becomes visible, parting with
its latent heat, which SO rarefes the air as to
force some Of the condensed atmosphere in
visible cloud, mounting thousands of feet
above the condensiAg dew point and into a
region above the highest peaks of the highest
mountains.
10 feed this pipe, or, Us in some cases,
pipes, the lower stratum flows in from all
sides to rotate and ascend with the intense
velocity of steam power, sufficient to pro-
duce all the disastrous effects of the widest
tornado, there being almost vacuum at the
ground, or water line, as the phenomenon
may be on the land or over the sea- On the
land trees are twisted and uprooted, houses
are unroofed, solids Of various kinds are
lifted from the earth, and human beings
have been blown away like dead leaves.
There are, also, records of railway wagons
having been blown off the rails. In deserts
entire caravans have been buried beneath
mountain of blown sand-camels, horses and
men; while in Egypt there are the ruins of
cities, massive temples, and monuments deep
buried in the adjoining desert sand. At sea
many good ship, caught by tornado, has
been overwhelmed and sent to the bottom
whole
SOME MILDER FORMS
There are miIder forms of the storm effect,
producing on a warm summer day the cumu-
lus clouds. Here the lower stratum of warm
air is also flowing inward and rising upward
beneath each cloud, condensing at the dew
point, parting with latent heat, producing
modified steam power, and so causing these
summer clouds to enlarge upward, bulge and
mount in sunshine like Illuminated woolpack
mountains, but when seen in an evening
western sky about sundown they take fantas-
tic forms, SO aptly described by Shakespeare.
Cloud scenery is the poets dreamland, and
is by some writers most truthfully and beau
tifully described. AS rule painters do not
pay SO much attention to clouds as the poets
do. At all events, they do not represent
them as truthfully as the poets describe
them. There are, of course, exceptions, but
in tho Royal Academy exhibition just opened
there are many square feet of canvas painted
on which the portion intended to mean sky
and cloud bears no resemblance to anything
ever seen In nature. Every painter should
study meteoro]ogy as q surgeon studies anat-
omy. Clouds have forms as definite as q
skeleton.
Clouds are not masses of unneaning vapor,
but form and float obedient to law; and, if
the painter has not studied and learned this
law, he cannot depict clouds in their true
FORMS On warm summers day small
cumulus clouds may be seen forming at the
dew point line Of elevation; in each case the
base Of the cloud is level at an ascertainable
height above the site, having an upward cur
rent of warm, vapor laden air rising be-
meath, mounting and bulging.-Pall Mall
Budget.
Stewed Devil Fish for Tea.
"Little you know of European delights"
said bon vivant, ''if you have never tasted
tho flesh of q shark or reveled in devil fish
stew. All fish are edible, but some are, by
popular prejudice, adjudged to bo unfit for
the table. Who would ever dream of eating
toad fisha The appearance Of the creature,
with its hideous head and brown spotted
sides, is sufficient to take away any mans
appetite; yet the fish is tender and palatable.
When fried it tastes very much like founder.
Shark are also excellent eating. They are
plentiful in these waters, and if people could
be made to believe that their flesh is whole
some and agreeable to the palate an excel
lent fish would be sold in the market at q
remarkably low price
'sShark flesh is firm and in taste hardly
distinguishable from reddish. A delicious
soup can be made from the fins. The meat
is best when boiled or fried In oil The devil
fish, or giant squid, sometimes seen on this
coast, is the same creature of which Victor
Hugo wrote in his novel, The Toilers of
the Sea- It is known to scientists as the
octopus. In appearance it is horrible mon
ster, with huge head and body furnished
with snake like feelers, which sometimes
grow t. be thirty feet in length, and arc as
powerful in their grasp as the grip Of a Sixth
ward politician on election 'boodle.'"
''You do not mean to tell me-" queried the
reporter, ''that the flesh Of such creature is
ediblcz'
"1t is simply delicious when properly pre-
pared. It should be cut into small pieces and
stewed with herbs. 1t becomes then jelly
like substance Of delicate favor that melts
in the mouth. regard the flesh Of a devil
fish as delicacy. There is another species
of devil fish which resembles q skate OF ray
fish. The largest of them weigh from 100 to
$50 pounds 1t is excellent eating."-Galves-
ton News.
Various Uses of tho Hafrpin.
''If it were not for the innumerable uses to
which Il woaaa can put the simple little hair
pin it would have vanished into history along
with the high comb and hoopskirt. don't
believe there is any tool which the average
woman can manipulate with such consunl-
mate skill and dainty deftness as the hairpin.
With hammer or sharp edged tool, such as
the chisel, woman succeeds in doing little
moro than bruising ,or cutting her fair
fingers; but place hairpin in her hands and
watch the wonders she performs. One who
had never before seen a hairpin III the hands
of a woman would never imagine that so
many devices lay hidden within so small
bit of metal
with the hairpin a woman opens en-:
velopes, fastens her dress, suspends calendar
or picture on the wall, picks her teeth and
cuts apart the leaves Of her magazine or
book. It becomes on occasion an improvised
nut pick, or shoe and glove buttoner: or is as
swiftly transformed into hook, scoop o1
crank. Nor is this q complete catalogue Of
the manifold uses Of the modest hairpin.
Necessity is tho mother Of invention, and 10
the hairpin becomes the tool Of the moment
for whatever purposes the fair mechanic