davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26
DIFFERENCE IN FARM PRAC-
TICE.

Whenever it is possible to draw out
the experiences Of farmers IN regard
to any kind Of crop or stock manage
ment, very considerable differences
will be brought out.
One farmer will drop two grains OF
corn because he does not believe IN
thinning, another will drop three or
four so as to be sure Of good stand,
and then if he finds the corn too thick
will thin, preferred thinning rather
than running the risk Of being obliged
to replant more or less.
One cuts potatoes to single eyes, but
will drop two cuts in each hill, another
cuts two eyes and drops one cut in
each hill, another plants the small po-
tatoes whole, but splits open the large
ones, another plants whole potatoes
large or small. One runs out the fur
rows deep, plants deep, and cultivates
deep; another plants deep but culti-
Yates shallow, while still another plants
shallow and cultivates deep.
In sowing oats one plows his ground
thoroughly, sows his oats, then har
rows, and after rolls so as to leave the
soil in as good a condition as possible
Another sows the oats broadcast on
the unplowed land, and then works
them into the soil with the cultivator,
and then fines and levels the soil with
the harrow. Occasionally we find one
that sows his oats with a drill One
prefers to SOW grass seed on land al
ready seeded to wheat. Another with
oats, while still another prefers to have
the soil in a good condition and then
SOW the seed alone
In the same way one could go
through the whole category of farm
work OF course there must be consid-
cradle difference in the plan of work
in different sections, with different
soils, but with the same soil and with
the same conditions of growth, there
must be best plan. Some one Of the
different plans must be better than
others, and whichever this may be,
that one ought to be adopted.
An interchange of experience is
valuable, but it can be made more so
if, in addition, it can be supplemented
with experiments, carefully tried, of
the different plans of work with the
results given carefully, with a view of
determining which is the best.-N. j.
s., IN Farm, Field and .Stochman.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26
GRASS IS KING.

[ have convinced myself that grass
is indeed the sheet-anchor of the far
mer, or rather increase, the fertility of
our land, We must grow grass and
feed it out at home, and like the East
ern farmer utilize our corn stover
This means keeping more cattle. The
raising Of green crops to turn under
is we'll enough if carried out, but in
my experience the most profitable
time to turn under peas, clover, and
green rye is after it has passed through
cattle. We cannot afford to do it be-
fore as a rule Sow the land to rye
in the fall, cut when ready either
green or for seed, return an equivalent
of manure broad cast, then with one
horse turning plows, plow the land,
letting boy follow every second or
third furrow, and drop peas in the
furrow, harrow lightly and roll, when
you will, with an ordinary season, get
fine crop of peas and crab grass,
which as fodder is hard to beat when
properly cured so as to not lose the
leaves of the peas.-E. A. Bishop, an
Rwal NeU Yorker.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26

proper quantities as wanted. This is
one Of the most simple means, and
also effective. Now if we make the
shaft large enough inside, so hay and
other fodder may be passed down it
by means Of tightly fitting doors, at
proper distances through the NOW, we
may have two economies at once, the
shaft or chute leading to the feeding
floor. Of course, if the building is
only Of one story, no air shaft will be
needed; the air may escape directly
from the louvre, or even from Sits
properly guarded under the caves In
relation to decd orization: This may
be by means of dry, finely pulverized
clay or loan in the stalls This will
absorb the liquids, the essence Of the
manure, and only the saturated por-
tlons are removed to the manure pile.
1t will pay far more than the cost, and
with plenty of bedding, another i'm
portant economy, you conserve the
comfort Of the animals as well. If
you have not the prepared earth, use
ground gypsum freely. 1t will act
both mechanically and chemically, is
in itself valuable fertilizer, and
cheap. The other plan is to sprinkle
the stalls with solution of copperas
(sulphate Of iron.) 1t is safe to say
that the liquid manure treated as we
have described would give double the
value, than where treated in the ordi-
nary manner-FoTm, FIeH md Stock
man,
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26

as honest to perform manual labor is
inculcated into him at the same time.
No modification Of the old appren-
tice system is necessary, nor hardly
desirable. Teach the youth the use
of the tools and the signs Of the trade;
then let him go into the shops Of the
journeyman where he will acquire
speed and become mechanic.
In Europe trade schools have be-
come necessity in the competition
between nations, and the following
fignres will show that they have about
become a necessity with us, for the
same reason:
The last census shows that there
were $4,000 mechanics in the building
trade in New York city; of that mum.
Der only $4,000, or less than one-half,
we're of American birth, and the same
proportion Of foreigners were EN-,
ployed at the other trades.
We offer these suggestions to our
teachers and educators; we ask them
to consider the question, and we
should like to hear from some Of the
more prominent of them on the sub
ject.
The plain, practical, personal, pub
lie schools of quarter of a century
ago were excellent institutions; but
the somewhat fancy public schools OF
today, with their " trimmings, " do not
fit our youth to earn living
Now, they ought to-and why
shouldn't they ?-Greensboro Potylot
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26
VENTILATION IN STABLES.

The absence of proper ventilation IN
stock barns and stables is one Of the
most serious evils known in the care
of stock. These buildings have either
no means of ventilation except the
doors and windows, causing through
drafts and suddenly reducing the
temperature, or else the building is
left so open that there are currents of
air passing in all directions. AS to
correct ventilation either in country
or city it seems to be the last thing
thought of.
Correct ventilation consists in such
means of gently moving the air, that
while the temperature of the stable
shall be fairly equable, there shall be
little or no animal odor or that of de-
caying excrement. 1t may best be
conserved by a simple system that
while admitting fresh air, and carry
ing off the foul air, by equally simple
means of deoderization, the proper
effect is secured. First, the stable
must be made so tight that air cannot
pour in through cracks and ill-fiting
windows and doors. If we place a
louvre on the roof of the barn-an ex-
tension of the roof upwards, protected
by slat blinds, communicating with a
hollow shaft two to three feet square
connecting between the stable and
roof, the air will rise through this,
carrying off the foul grasses. If in
addition to this we provide narrow
Sits in the wall, with board arranged
so the Incoming air shall be DETECTED
downward, and furnished with trap
that may be closed as required, we
can get plenty of pure air, and in the
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26
OFFICIAL ORGANS OF FARMERS
ALLIANCE.

National Alliance-Southern Mer-
cury, Dallas, Texas.
Alabama-AUsance -News, Calera.
Arkansas Wheel Enterprise,
Little Rock
Mississippi-7he Farmer, Winona.
North Carolina-THE PROGRESSIVE
FARMER, Raleigh.
Louisiana-Ihe Union, Choudrapt.
Tennessee and Kentucky-Ike
7oizer, Union City, Tenn.
Free Speech, Beaumont, Texas, OF
the counties of Jefferson, Orange,
Tyler, Hardin, Chambers, Liberty.
Florida-Farmers' Florida Alliance.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26
APPLYING MANURE IN WINTER

If the soil is properly prepared
manure may be applied to advantage
at any time of the year, so that it does
not interfere with other more pressing
work If land is ploughed in the fall
for corn, in no way can manure be
more advantageously applied than by
hauling it out Ina the winter and scat
tefing it over the ploughed ground
direct from the wagon, the whole to
remain so until the following spring
when, by running the harrow over it;
it will not only thoroughly intermix
the manure with the surface soil IA
matter of the greatest moment), bat
place the latter in the best possible
condition for checking off preparatory
to planting. But the greatest advan-
tage of this mode of applying manure
for corn is that the fertilizing proper
ties of the manure become completely
absorbed by the surface soil, and is in
it's most soluble condition to be appro-
priated as soon as needed by the feeder
rootlets of the young corn, giving it a
most healthy and rapid growth in the
start. Not only so, but by scattering
it direct from the wagon the work is
not only done quicker, but the manure
is more evenly distributed over the
field if thrown i'm heaps to be hand
scattered in the spring. By scattering
it direct from the wagon the work,
too, is all done at once; whereas, II
thrown into heaps to remain SO until
spring, considerable portion Of its
properties is either washed away by
rains or sinks into the ground, leaving
spots where the heaps stood too highly
manured for the balance of the field,
thereby occasioning loss in the general
yield of the crop.
Another thing, in hauling out
manure over ploughed ground in win
ter much unnecessary labor to the
horses, as we'll as wear and tear of the
wagon, particularly when the ground
is more or less frozen, may be avoided
by hauling it the way the burrows run
instead of across them. Nor should
it be attempted to scatter the manure
over too large surface. Like all
other work on the farm, what is worth
doing at all is worth doing we'll, and
and it is more profitable to manure
five acres we'll than to half manure
ten acres, the labor of cultivating the
latter being doubly that of the former
and the yield about the same. The
work of making and applying manure
is certainly the most important that
can engage the attention of the farmer,
and he should see to it that in the ap-
plication none of it is lost, and that
the land on which it is applied is all
benefited alike. And then, with
thoroughly prepared soil, carefully
selected seed and thorough cultivation,
he may rest easy about the yield
Baltimore Sun.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26
BOYS AS INVENTORS

Some of the most important lnven-
tions have been the work Of mere boys.
The invention of the valve motion to
the steam engine was made by boy.
Watt left the engine in very incom-
plete condition, from the fact that he
had no way to open or close the valves,
except by means of levers operated by
hand. He set up large engine at
one of the mines, and a boy was hired
to work these valve levers. Although
this was not hard work, yet it required
his constant attention. AS he was
working these levers, he saw the parts
of the engine moved in the right direc-
tion, and at the exact time he had to
open or close the valves. !.
He produced long, strong cord,
and made one end fast to the proper
part of the engine and the other end
to the valve lever Then he had the
perfect satisfaction of seeeing the en-
CINE move off with perfect regularity
of motion. A short time after the
foreman came around and saw the
boy playing marbles at the door.
Looking at the engine he saw the in
genuity of the boy, and also the ad-
vantage of SO great an invention. Mr..
Watt then carried out the boys inven-
tive genius in a practical form, and
made the steam engine perfect auto
matte working machine.
The power loom is the invention of
a farmer boy, who had never seen or
heard Of such a thing. He cut out
one with a knife, and after he had got
it all done he with great enthusiasm
showed it to his father, who at once
kicked it to pieces, saying that he
would have no boy about him who
would spend his time on such foolish
things. The boy was afterward ap-
prenticed to blacksmith, and he soon
found that his new master was kind
and took lively interest in him. He
made loom of what was left of the
one his father had broken up, which
he showed to his master. The black
smith saw that he had no common boy
for an apprentice, and: that the inven
ton was a very valuable one.
He Immediately had loom con-
structed under the supervision of the
boy. 1t worked to their perfect sat-
isfaction, and so the blacksmith fur
nished the means to manufacture the
looms, the boy to receive half the
profits. In about a year the black
smith wrote to the boys father that
he should visit him and bring with
him wealthy gentleman, who was
the inventor of the celebrated poor
loom. You may be able to judge the
astonishment of the old man when his
son was presented as the inventor, who
told him that the loom was the same
as the model he (his father) had kicked
to pieces year before Exchange.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26
DIRECTORY OF FARMERS OR
CARNATIONS.

FARMERS NATIONAL ALLIANCE AND COOP
ERATIvE UNION OF AMERICA.
President-C. W. Macune, Texas.
First Vice e-President-L. L. Polk, n. c..
Vice-Pres't for Ala.-H. P. Bone
Vice-Pres't for Ark-W H. Moore.
Vice-Pres't for Fla-Oswald Wilson.
Tice-Pres't for Ky.-S. B. Irwin.
Vice-Pres't for La.-Linn Tanner.
Vice-Prest for Miss.-R. T. Love
Vice-Prest for Mo.-A B. Johnson.
Vice-Pres't for n. C-S. B. Alexander.
Vice-Pres' for Tenn.-I. H. Mcdowell.
Iice-Pres't for Tex.-M. d. K. Taylor
Secretary-E. B. Warren, Texas.
Treasurer-A E. Gardner, Tenn.
Chaplain-Rev. J. G. Jones, La.
Lecturer-Ben. Terrell, Tex.
Asst. Lecturer. A. Tets, La
Door Keeper-Newt. Gresham, Ala.
Asst Door keeper-H. G. Brown, Ky
Serg't-at-Arms-T E. Groom Miss
Presidents. B. Alexander, Charlotte,
n. c.
e-President-T Ivey, Ashpole, NC.
Secretary-L L. Polk, Raleigh, n. c.
TreaSurer-J d. Allen, Falls, n. G.
Lecturer-Geo. Wilcox, Carbonton,
n. G.
Assistant Lecturer-D. D. Mcintyre,
Laurinburg, \. G.
Chaplain-Rev. E. J. Edwards Cedar
Creek, n G..
Door Keeper-W H. Tomlinson, Fay
etteville, n. C.
Assistant Door Keeper-R. T. Rush,
Mt Gilead, \. c.
Sergeant-at-Arms-J. S. Holt, Chalk
Level n. c.
THE NORTH CAROLINA FARMERS ASSOCIATION.
President-Elias Carr, Old Sparta,
Edgecombe county.
B. F. Hester Oxford, Secretary; s.
Otho Wilson, Vineyard. and W. h. Ben
bow, Oak Ridge, Assistant Secretaries.
STATE GRANGE PATRONS OF HUsBANDRY.
w. R. Williams, Falkland, Pitt county,
Master.
H. T. J. Ludwig, Mt. Pleasant, Secre-
tary.
NORTH CAROLINA STATE BOARD OF AGRICUI-
TURE-OFFICERS.
John Robinson, Commissioner.
7. K. Bruner, Acting Secretary.
Dr. H. B. Battle, Chemist and Director
of Experiment Station.
John T. Patrick, General Agent Immi-
grafton.
N. C. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
w g. Upchurch, Raleigh, President ;
John Nichols, Raleigh, Secretary.
NORTH CAROLINA HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
President Van Lindley, Pomona.
Secretary Otho Wilson, Vineyard.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1888-01-26

RALEIGH, N. O., JANUARY 20, 1888
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1888-06-08
Free Methodist Camp Meeting.


The Free Methodists of the Phila-
delphia district will hold a camp.
meeting near Leslie, a station on the
B & 0. r. R. two miles from North
East. The meeting will be held in
S. W. Johnson's grove, beginning
Wednesday, July 25th, and closing
the evening Of August 1st. Tents
can be secured at the following rates
l0xl2, $3.50; l4x14, 1925. A small
sum additional will be charged for
freight and for putting up the tents.
Boarding can he secured at reasona.
BILE rates. No transient boarding
on the Sabbath. No traffic at buck
sterning PERMITTED on the ground,
nor within distance prescri bed by
law.
Revs. J. T. Michael, W. Gould, J.
s. Bradbrook, D. w. Hart, F. A
Perkins, j. T. Logan, and others are
expected to attend. Rev. A. G..
Miller, chairman of Phillisphurg,
N. j. will have charge of tae camp,
to whom orders should be sent TO r
tents not later than July 10.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1888-06-08
Cleveland Nominated on Wednes-
day and Thurman to be
Nominated for Vice
m Thrrc6av
on Thursday

OA 4AuISOdy.
The Philadelphia Times thus describes
the nominating scene at ST. Louis:
The Democratic National Convention to-
day broke the record for the greatest dis
play of enthusiasm ever witnessed in SIM
liar body. For over twenty consecutive
minutes the twelve thousand people filled
the air of the great convention hall with a
volume of undiminishing applause COM
parable with nothing en- earth, perhaps,
save the roar of the falls of Niagara. 1t
was the utterance ofthese words:
81 give you name entwined with vic
tory. / nominate Grover Cleveland, of
New York;
The speaker was Daniel Dougherty, of
Tammany Hall, with head proudly erect,
every fibre Of his fine features quivering,
every nerve of his figure tense, the magnif-
icent-yoiced oratory was alternately thrill
ing the vast audience and holding them
spell-bound, wien at the climax of his eIo-
quence, he named for the first time the man
who was uppermost in the thoughts. of all.
1t was needless to utter another word. Mr..
Dougherty paused for an instant to gaze
over the hundreds of cheering, frantic dele,
gases, at the even more frantic thousands of
spectators beyond. High above the forest OF
heads was waving innumeral red bandan-
mas.
Hats and canes were being pitched into
the air, while the cheering was becoming so
terrific that no single enthusiast could.hear
his screech in the one oyerpowering general
yell. At this mement in the mammoth
picture OF the Capitol at Washington, icov-
ering the wall far above the platform and in
plain view of the whole convention, the
doors were seen to swing back and the smil-
ing face CT President Cleveland beamed out
on his admirers.
FLoRENTINE MOSAIC FROM MAINE.
In sheer mercy to the people Chairman
Collins e..iength interposed, and after re-
peated efforts directed their attention to a
tall Kentuckian who stood beside him.
This gentleman, Delegate Mackenzie, was
10 secen the nomination of Cleveland, and
aroused the convention to renewed out.
burst almost at the first word by declaring
there was but one Democrat in TIE country
more popular than Mr.. Cleveland the
queenly woman lie has made his wife.
Again the convention was in an uproaI
when the speaker gave brand-new title tc
the leader of the Republicans-the "Flor
entine mosaic from Maine"
Mr.. Mackenzie moved to now suspend
the rules and make the nomination Of
Cleveland absolutely unanimous, but every
body wished to JOIN in seconding Cleveland
and everybody was given chance. Then
the thing was done with one extraordinary
hurrah.
"What fools we mortals (can) be-" will
doubtless be the thought of every quiet
reader of the above picture.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1888-06-08
Cecil County Agricultural Society.

Cecil County Agricu lturaI Society.
"A The quarterly meeting of the man
ayers of the Society was held on
Mon day to make arrangements in
connection with the coming fair.
Messrs. VIM. j. Jones and John
Gilpin having business matters
which would prevent them from Civ
Ing attention to their departments at
the time of the fair offered their res
ignations as managers. Messrs.
Thomas Drennen and John S. Writ
were elected to fill the vacancies.
The President appointed as the Ex-
ecutive Committee Messrs. Daniel
Bratton, John S. Writ and Thomas
Drennen.
The special premiums offered by
merchants in Elkton, Baltimore, Viii.
mington and Philadelphia are far be
yond previous years both in number
and value. These are given in adj
dition to the fair premium. The per.
son who takes the first premiums of
the fair will take the special pre-
miums.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1888-06-08
Our Supreme Ruler.

A year ago the Hon. John A. Roach,
was elected Mayor of Chicago to sue
coed Carter Harrison and his party
claimed for him lofty virtue. The
preachers believed in him and voted
for him, and much was expected from
him in controlling the saloons. It has
transpired, however, that Mr.. Roach
while posing as reform and temper
ance candidate, went to H. H.
Schufeldt, the big distiller, and assured
him that if elected the liquor business
would not be disturbed. On this as
surance Distiller Schufeldt contributed
$500 to his campaign fund.
The City Council that came in with
the Mayor were largely of his political
party, and still continue to hold con-
troll of the city government A few
weeks ago the preachers thought they
would reap the fruits of the Reform
Administration" They got up great
petition asking for the passage of an
ordinance prohibiting saloons within
200 feet of churches and schools. The
councilmen received the petition with
jests and sneers and voted it down with
shout. The political division of the
Council are Republicans 80. Democrats
Is, Labor party /. There are saloon
keepers in the Council, three Demo-
Gratis and two Republicans. The vote
against the ordinance to remove
saloons 200 feet from churches and
schools was 10 Republicans and 10
Democrats and Social or Labor party
man.
The saloon license in Chicago is $500
and it yields revenue to the city of
1000, 900 annually. Rev. w. H. Burns
of the NJ. E. Church, in his sermon the
following Sunday ssaid, under this
license our authorities do not regulate
the traffic, but it does regulate and
control every department of govern
ment and each of the dominant parties.
1t dictates platforms and chooses can
didates, and manages primaries and
packs committees, and corrupts our
government, municipal, State and
Nationals
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1888-06-08
The Prohibition Ticket.

The National Prohibition Conven-
ton which assembled at indianapolis,
on Wednesday 30th of May nominated
for President, General Clinton B. Fisk
of New Jersey and Vice-President,
John A. Brooks of Kansas City, Mo.
The convention was large and great
enthusiasm prevailed throughout the
sessions.
Twenty five thousand dollars was
raised by the convention for campaign
purposes in few minutes, A vigorous
and well organized campaign was de-
termined on and the PARTY sets its
stake at a million of votes Ill Noyem-
Der.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1888-06-08

THE Atwood suspender still claims
= attention; bear them in mind
when in need ola new pair-for com.
fort they are just the thing.
pARASOLS FANS!l
We have good assortment of each,
ask to see them, as we have not room
to display them where many can be
seen.
CHAWLS! SHAWLS!l
~ Ladies white shawls, black lined,
in four sizes of check, two grades of
black cashmere shawls with fringe
now displayed in front show window.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1888-06-08

Last Sixth-day Deer Creek Friends
Quarterly meeting was held. A large party
of Friends from this neighborhood attended
the meeting, and dined at Friend Warmers
who entertain large numbers Of Friends at
every quarterly meeting. A peculiar and
novel circums lance is connected with this
hospitality. The father of the present heirs
of the Warner estate, which is quite large.
devised to the meeting sum which was to
be expended in entertaining visitors to tn e
Deer Creek Quarterly Meetings. The heirs
conscienciously endeavor to carry out the
will of their BENEVOLENT ancestor and extend
cordial invitation to all to partake OF their
hospitality with an earnest solicitation
which will brook no denial. About one
hundred took dinner at the hospitable
Warner tables on the occasion of the last
Quarterly. AS high as one hundred and
fifty persons have sat around the board on
one meeting occasion. This is christian
hospitality which veri6es the sacred text
sit is better to give than receive"