davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
COURT CALENDARs-TO-DAY.

SUPREME -cmAMBKRs- Before 0,Brien. J-Nos.
2si 2e 2i 2ie 256 sj9 M 2s4. $50 300 2oi. 20a.
SUPREME CoUwr-GExEHAL TERN Before Van Brunt p. j..
Brady @& p1ns JTPS ~ IL s Aprew
49,. l7G d72 AZ 800 49, 49, Ss AZ Esq Ia
sUrarMx coUnr.sPrcI.L TERx-pARr II.-Bsi0ro Law
Ss = S S5-h i. hsG;s .J 5nf III
Ell 81 ~ xxi 1867 iss ';' i4S
iiS: GsS as 1Ss 9
gds 10 ~ 1 liz r. i liz i7S III
14s 7S s ss M ISIS a 9 Sss'A g
ge 9 CS : 2s sCs e SSs 2s 49, g 3d. $ $d $s s
surREMS CovRT-CIncUiT-FAR lv.-Beforo Barrett j.
RoeArHs ooUTf~BeIore Ransom, SWIM Of John Mo
Neil. 10 Will Of William - Wait IL M; will Of Maria
suPErioR UoURr-srEcIAL TEEm-Beforo ocorman. j.
suFnnokooyar-TRrnr EeM-pAHr I-Beforo sodswick
sUrEaioR C0ynT-TRIAL TEEM-PARr II-Bsfore Fresd'
man. Mes iSol llGo i4si Sli Utilization. pur,o
J~Nos. i 100. 1865. III. 60,
sGFesG lfsS S0 fgss isas s7s asa ' ~
COMMON PLEAs-G.SEnAL TERM-Before Larremors O. j.
D coSMcs PIrAs~sPEiiL TEEM-i,sore Asn mo day
COMMON PLKAs-TRIAI TEnx-PAEr I-Before Bookstaver.
Coaso Sn pIxATnAL TGaa-PArr I1-Adiourucd for
term. - - ,,. ~.,.,o. ,
@ Hsso ss sS sss ts ss s
eSs ss sS S 1855
47IO 2G29 ,
CmY CoURr-TRIAL TERN-PAnr JI:-Bsiore McAdam
c. Mos 1874 1898. 4479 1894 1908. 4s22 45S1 4S!9.
4G23 ,S 1851 1922 1853 443O AHA. 47i5 1901, 4645.
470 a72O s72a 47is AGA 48s7 47oa aIS2 A7Ss. 4742
4775. 4608, a7U8 $780, ,,...,
CRY CoURT TEAL TxnM-PARr III0B:fore ptsnke Ss
400 47O5 400 4592 49ii 4640 1876. 45l1 1872 449
1888 1855 47l 4670 4G38 1895. $685. 47l3 1854 476i
1874. r,
COURT or GENERAL sEssIoys.PAnr fEBeors, Recorder
Nos 2s.4.6G7sa 10, II. H. IL. H. 10. L. H. H. H.
90 u. 22 49, "a, 25. 20. 81 ~
Cougr OF GKSRRAL sRssoss- PART fI--Befors Martine
j. Assistant District Attorney God.-Nos I. ..
O, T. T. o. TO- IL, L. IL. ii. 15. 18 ,.
sEssIoNS-PAGr III.-Bef0re 1iider-
sleeve and Assistant District Attorney FitzgeSad-Nos
i.2SL g.. T. g., o, TO- ii. H. -. IA. Is. is, IT.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
NOT BLAINE, BUT A SOLDIER.

TO he Editor or The Tribune
Sir: Had 1t net been for the Prohibition Democratic
Aid Society" In twenty three Congressional DISTRICTS
twenty three Republicans could have been elected. and
the House oi Representatives. would not now be dis
gracod with Speaker elected hy the grossest frauds
ever heard Of different would be chairman OF the
Committee Territories and Dakota wouldn't he kept
out Union. IT Is this and other divisions which
mako our State doubtful fall. In 1sS4 did our
hes: for Mr. Blaine and polled 562 005 for him,
aud yet did enough. Which OF the fourteen
counties cat ied by Cleveland In 1884 can now bo
1884 tho A. T. reluctantly supported the ticket be-
General Logan on IL. Il it not wisdom now
10 give them of their number President
who Is distinguished member OF the Senate OF the
United states. who is great a statesman and
legislator Blaine was, who take up and
dsseot Clevelands messages well Blaine can and
one who WAS tho tried and confidential friend OF the
lalnented Lincoln . What want and must have this
rear Is more votes IN the baotboxes than we had In
1884. How shall We get them and where from Ger
tainy 10y ren0minattng q candidate who has been
once defeated and Will diydo party again more
than The total vote In this State IN 1884
63 224 votes $780, and carried the state
1880 but din not In 1854. because had military
for candidate III 1880 nut civilian in 1884.
Raines vote In is 81 only Si6I larger than was
that of Garfield 1880. Why all tins With the
facfs reagous and figures before them will those vise
and astntc Inpuboan politicians no sibcerey believe
that the principles aud MEASURES OF The Republican
party are the best for the general welfare and prosperity
OF the people, and who think that their OF
much greater importance TO II than the qualification NJ
the ambition OF any man. still persist In the nom
nation Of defeated candidate is 1t wise and shrewd
policy 10 do so 100 X n. T.
Now York, Feb. z 1888.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
MARS,S INNER MOON.

TO me razor Of The Tri6aas.
Sir In defending The nebular hypothesis Professor
Mitchell says: Suppose had discovered that 70
quIiv n orc lime for saturn Jupiter 10 i ate their
oxes than for the nearest to rcvoc round ihom
in its orbit this wnuid have fa.siici ths theory
recent writer after referring tho sag slys hat w,
now know Of lust such in the inner moon or Mara
which rcvoives Ground iis primary In about third
of Mars DAY. and includes the following TACT among
certain oh ections to The theory.
DO not tho following facts. however, tend TO i'ssen
the force OF the objection Professor Toekyer tes s
tlat tho rotation of the was determined by inc
spots upon its surface. some Of these spots iraVe
faster than Others, those the equatorial peit
rotating in twenty five dys while those nearer thc poics
take twenty Eight days. Does not this mean tha'
there Is an equatorial belt around tbs sun which "
moving faster THAI fine main body Of the SIMS nass
And is 1t not fair that, II now possible
for another satellite be formed by the continued
shrinking Of the sun, thai such satellite, being hee-
sarly formed frou the equatorial belt wDiid hayo
sGifer period of revolution than the remaining hody
Of the sun from which the satellite had separated
sslmo such phenomena, therefore, niSH bavo hc'u
the when the last satellite of Mars was fori0t
nn cd Vulcan rcvolves around the sun In twenty Gays
showing that when Vulcan thrown off, the belt
from which 1t formed rotated even more rapidly
haa the pgcsen, In regard to tho possibility OF
sill another satellite, Professor Bg,loW, OF h@hD
College claims that there Is et present forming AROUND
he anoilcr envelope which will develop INTO an.
deny that said planet would within the scope 81
ths nebular hypothesis and still have the Increased
velocity of the present equatorial belt.
New-lOrk Feb. "a, 1898 IsIDOiA l.. TCTTIE
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09

DR. HANUOND FAVORS HANGING.

HE SAYS 1T Is HE DEsr WAY OF EXECUTING
CRIMINALS AND OPPOSES ELECTRICITY
The Society Of Medical Juris prudence met at No
l2 West Thirty irsts last evening TO hear a paper
by DR.. William A. Hammond entitled, The Superior
lty of Hanging as q Method OF Execution Dr. Ham,
mOnd referred to the report CT the commission recently
appointed by the Governor, and said that while It was
an exhaustive discussion of tho methods of capital
punishmcnt he thought its conclusions cgfoGcoUs and
misleading lie said. In part
Hanging Of the most ancient methods of
capital punishment Its original intention
strangulation pure and simple Tho idea of breaking
the neck modern, and While the ga!ows was Of very
remote origin, having boon used by tho Jews and
pictured among the earliest sculptures the walls II
Nineveh. straBgulstiOn accomplished IN many
ways Dr. Hammond gave several reasons Why
death by strangulaton IS absolutely painless. 1t
causes an instant congestion Of the brain, which puts
stop to sensibiiliy.
Though life may not be extinct in less than seven
or eight minutes in most cases Of stranguation'
tfnued the speaker, the subject feels suffering
whatever such has been the evidence of several
criminals who were resuscaied after partial s.rangu
lati0n, and notably of Enslshnan who was after
ward Known as half hung Smith This man do
carod that no felt perfectly happy until brought back
to CONSCIOUSNESS and cursed the doctors for lot
ting him die In poace.'
In conclusion DR.. ITsmmond said that no manner Of
death ives so free nom suffering rs hanging and
recommended the simple method adopted by the West
crn lyncheis OF placing abon the subjects
neck and h0lstiDg him of the ground by pulley 20
DO sTanged by his own weight. Examples wers
given to prove that the strongest currents Of clec
tlclty would not always ILL., and that horrors moro
unspeahable than those Of the scafod might be seen
IL the recommendation Of the commission should 30
enacted into O law.
In the discussion which followed the reading OF
Dr. fammonds paper the merits OF hanging
placed considerably above those Of electricity, but Dr.
y. f. Brill held that tho guillOne was he most
tOftaDie engine OF death.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
HOW TO HANDLE DYyAMITE SAFELY.

To the EditOr Of The Tri6uae.
Sir: The recent terrible accident In Duluth, from
ploding dynamite all surprising in view Of the
exreme carelessness with which ibis body Is commonly
handled. Dynamite. when handled With ordinary care
is not nearly SO dangerous explosive Ordinary snn
powder In fact dynamite does not explode easily, but
requires sharp deonation to cause Il TO exhibit Its
imnorse strength.
TO fire dynamite illuminate cap Is employed which Is
Itself exploded by electric current from what is
known as ratchet machine The electric current in its
pa sage through small portion OF platinum wire in the
cap raises the temperature OF the platinum to white
heat This igntes illuminate, which dotonatss, srk
ing the dynamite cartridges with blow of ahont 700
pounds, and exploding them. An ordinary blow with
pick drill iron will not explode dynamite cart
ridge. but will explode a cap.
The whole OF danger lies in the fact that the
using the explosive do not understand that is the
cap AMI firing machine they must handle with care.
properly prepared AMI electrically connected charge
Will seldom II fail to explode. Carciessnoss in con
machine work than 1t do, often results In cav
portion OF the charge pioded to the imminent
danger OF the men on resuning work. .
The employment OF dynamite In NIL rock work has
Drain nary miners. who from tho nature Of their
education totally unable to comprehend the Toqro
ons for absolute safety. allowed TO place and fire
charges. This Is all wrOng ana slonld be proaiDed ny
law No unfamiliar with the requirements should
he allowed 90 undertake such work Putting ignorant
and CARELESS men In position To handle any OF the
modern high explosives Is almost certain 10 Result In
disastrous explosion AMI The consequent killing or
mining OF number OF men too ignorant 10 protect
themselves. GEORGE II. BENJAMIN.
Sew.York Feb "a. 1888.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
A VALUABLE PATENT EyPYPFS

On Wednesday tho Dale tile patent for what Ia known
among architects AMI builders az Tho Concrete Light,
expired The patent taken out on March T. 1871 for
seventeen years by william Dale then living I'm New York
but dead The invention described In tho etters
patent granted to Dale. is for improvement in covers
openings in sidewalks" Tho vault cover as improved
by tho patent was composed o a metallic dish having
bullcyes for the admission light Into the cellar or vault
below. and wooden block or other non sppery material
for filling te cavities In the AROUND tho bulseyes
The dish also had sos pcrfoaons about the edge for
yentiatng purposes The Illuminating gratings consist
Ing OF glass buseyes set In frames for letting light
into the cellar and vaults beneath sdewa had been
invented many years before by Thaddeus Hyatt living
at No oil Cfanbefry-st. Brooklyn. Mr.. Dalcs improve
ment consisted In surrounding the glass buseyes with
non slippery material Mr. Hyatt had previously taken
out patent in England for similar improvement which
he specified asphalt as the particular slippery material
TO be used and had filed model of Patent Onice
nj Washington He had neglected his patent
hore however and when Mr. Dale applied for his patent
Mr. Hyats model had been lost Mr. Dale, therefore
tanned his patent lilo organized nfter the Dale lilo
Company now OF No 1903 Broome-st Mr.. Dale. who died
about Ave years ago realized much from his patent
but tho Dale Tile Company In prosperous condition
as the Coneroe Lgh 10 In general Ia the cities OF
the country Tfs expiration VI tho patont throws
the mnafscture VI the article open who desires
70 mako u and therefore of insrest " builders and iron
manufacturers
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
BERNHARD STERy'S MANY REQUESTS.

BY the will Of Bernard Stern, OF the firm OF Stern
Brothers. retail drygoods merchants, which Is dated
April ID. 1857, and admitted to probate yesterday
he leaves 100000 tn his brother Benjamin, and
100000 to his sister Carrie stern He leaves to his
executors, who his brothers Isaac and Louis
$4,000 in trust for the Of his sister, Miss Hannah
IDvinc and $4,000 apiece for her daughters, Emile
and Florence, which Is to DO their absolute property
when they become Of ago.
For the Of his sister Mrs. Mollie Llthauer hc
leaves $4,000 in trust and like amount for each OF
her children become their absolute property whom
they attain their majoritics Under similar conditions
10000 IS bequeathed to each child OF his Lrotlors
Isaac and Louis. He directs his executors to divide
S25 900 among such charitable institutions in this
city they shall select and In such portions they
deem proper, Tho residue Of tho estate Is to DO
equally divided among his three brothers
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
Mr. sPRECKLEs HASA COLD

Claus Spreckles remained indoors the Hoffman House
yesterday and invisible except intimate friends
A. g. Spreckles his and accredited representative.
said that his father suffering from cold and
had been visit Of the sites offered
for the great refinery Some OF sugar
had called he said but tine nature and extent Of the
lures made he deemed It impolite to state. Within
twenyfour hours might be something interesting TO
relate.
Committee OF fbe Newark Board OF Trade called upon
Mr. Spreekes Yesterday and represented the advantages
of locating his proposed sugar refinery at Newark The
committee we're told that tho refinery would neod
900 900 gallons OF water daily MI sDrecies said no
wound visit Newark make q personal examination
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
NOVELTY IN PRESIDENTIAL sTRAwS."

Pocket knives and tho Presidency not connected
logically. but they do facto In THE TRIBUNE
premium department. As amusing novelty for
the readers of its Weekly and Semi Weekly editions
THE TRIBUNE added to ITS premium list last Novcin
Der three handsome pocket knives ono dainty spcc
mon of nrst-class cutlery known the Canton knife
tho " Texas Hunter tho third being tho - Good
Luck, Subscribers have the privilege Of oriefing
their choice for the Presidency inscribed upon tho
Knives other in the form of etching of the name
photograph Of his face. Their orders, therefore,
constitute a new form OF baoiing for Presidential
choice The first Of THE TII BUNE'S subscribers,
ordering a Presidential pocket knife" shocked us
by naming Grover Cleveland as his Presidential choice
Tho second voted for Henry George. Knives
were promptly forwarded with the photographs Of
those gentlemen duly inserted in the handles. The
order fer Henry George was, however the only vote
received for that candidate. Mr.. Blane's name
appeared in the orders and TO the head Of the
list, and has stayed there, In spite of the Florence
letter of withdrawal Thore Is an amusing variety
in the ballotng, and the figures given below show
how the orders on the average to cvery 900
knives ordered so far
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
aTARYATION IN TURKEY.

To ne Editor Of rae Tribmne
Sir: The latest news from tho famine districts IN
Turkey received at the rooms OF the American Board
February g. that Thousands Who had sold even their
clothing for food are both hungry and naked Mis-
sionaries TN tho Cilisan Plain think tio else
than the sunerings OF the people The Govonment.
though In two sections hindeng the work OF
lief account OF false charge that the mssionai les
wore buying Protestants Is supplying tho farmers with
seeds and with provisions. while tho contributions
from Anne ica and England arc being distributed with
great care 1t 10 rs onshns how far small sum win
20 toward relieving Distress Humorous instances arc
given whore the of $76 $50 he's brought unspeak
able rstisf 10 . whole village Of sssrvinx psopia
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
STIR IN THE NgWJERsEY ASSEMBLY,
A SUPPLEMENTARY TEMPERANCE BILL PASSED bt
THE sxSArE-THE SUNDAY LAW.

| SUPPLEMENTARY TEMPERANCE BILL PAssIp ~
THE sESArE-THH SUNDAY LAW.
TRENTON. March S-1hcrc was an exciting I'VE MIN
utes Ia tho Assembly to-day, for which the lehgh
Valley Railroads. bill FOR tho surrender OF the Morris
Canal afforded cause. The Committee on Raruaits
and Canals gave hearing the bill last evening
and considered It further this morning, and agreed TO
report Il favoraay " hen tho bill up from the
committee the point OF order raised that II had
been considered during tho sitting OF tho House.
against the rules and that final action by tho COM
mittee could not properly DO taken under those cr-
cumst&nccs. Tho chairman Of tho committee, AS
senbiyman Goble, OF Ocean County, q ns-haarcd'
deep voiced AnaA, tcrely remarked that he was ircu
Of listening to Ginning
Did you act upon the bill during tho session Oh
the House?- asked tho Speaker.
MY name is George said Mr.. Gobie. we DID,
Tho Speaker then declared the report out Of order
in few minutes motion was made thai the House
take recess Of five minutes. 1t cyidoBt that tho
purpose was give the committee q chance to con-
slider tho bill under the rules and then report II for
mally Mr. Riher, Of Essex, saw tho point and pro
tested. The committee had, no said, ch0ked off dis
cDss0n on the measure, which was ono sincerely af
fecting the people Of Essex and other counties. 1t
was necessary that Newark should be heard What
the committee afraid of
Tho motion to permit a recess was put TO the vote
and lost-20 TO aa Ii was at length ordered that
q hoaring on Wednesday afternoon next.
In tho Senate the Sunset Law, for closing the polls
at sunset on Election Day passed, after somo
debate and opposition from tho Democrats. Tho Sen
also passed tho House bill giving the Rutgers Col
lcge Laboratory 100000.
The Senate passed bill which forbids the granting
of any license before May I. 1883. when the County
Option High License bill goos into operation 1t had
boon learned that effort would DO made 10 sccnre
new lccnses for year at the old rates the nov ones
to be dated from April The bill VIII undoubtedly
pass the Assembly Dcxt week
Tho amendment 10 the Sunday law. which Is q
com plomcnt to the now liquor law hangs fire in tho
Assembly. This bill permits tho sale Of newspapers.
tho devory OF milk and the running OF sircetcafH on
Sundsy-ali Of which prohibited by tho obsolete
laws SIN tho satu'e books. The special reason
for passing Il now Is that tho iiquOrdeaiers, having
been made to suffer by the now law, new propose to
revive The old laws against 0tbos 10 arouse Tho
public action against all the restrictive enactmcnie
The passage Of tho proposed Law would nut tho whole
matter q basis whore 1t could DO freely considered
and the laws enforced eqnliaby. II IL tho opinion OF
leading members thai tho proposed act only second
in Importance to the liquor bill
Both houses have adjourned until Monday evening.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
ATHLETES TO CHOOSE OFF7CERS
FRIENDLY RIVALRY IN THE NEw-YoRK CLUB-rHR
NAMRS PRESENTED.


NAMES PREsYNTYD.
The 1000 members OF tho New-York Athletic Clut
arc deeply interested Just ut present, In the coming
election Of officers and governors, which VIII take place
nokt Tuesday evening. The polls will be open from
O'Clock until midnight, and the handsome club house,
at Fi1y-ffth-st. and sixthave., win be flooded With
voters during those hours The interest the election
s OF most friendly nature, the only semblance of
contest being In the nominations for governors Tho
names selected for officers arc tho same on both tho
regular and independent tickets and are as follows:
For president, A. " dc Gocoura; president Jcn-
nings s. Cox; treasurer, Henry A. Rogers; secretary.
Otto Ruhl captain, Walter G. Schuyler. These arc
all denominations Of present ncumbents with tht ex.
cepton Of jennings Cox After the death of Prcsl-A
dent William r. Travers. which occurred soon after tho
election, 1t was decided to leave ~ occ rntn
the nxt regular election. In the meantime A. v 10
G0ic0uria occupied the chair
Tho regular nomination. for governors are J. j.
ODonohue X. S. LuQuoor I. Is. Clarke, X. W. Rath-
bono, A. II. Van cinderen, G. NJ Smith, ". T. Lawson
and A. A. Jordan. The first four names also appear
the Independents ticket, while the last four aru
replaced by b. O. Williams, @. d. Phillips, r. IT.
Cote, IT,, and W. A. Bartlett. Besides these, there
baye been made special nominations for governors
OF T. Clifford Potter and Sinclair Myers
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
Picture.
IN HONOR OFMR BhECHER'S MEMORY.

MI. Beechers grave Ullsideave. In Creenw0 God
visited by number Of the members OF Plymouth Church
yesterday the FIRST anniversary OF his death No especial
decorations Of flowers placed upon remained
covered with the bank OF mmorelles bearing tho initials
H. W. p" a crown which has been al win
ter protected by glass from the weuther.
Last evening the members OF the church assembled in
such numbers fill the church parlOrs and overflow
In the adjoining lecture ROOM The services were com
nemolative OF the ami scrsay. and many moved TO
tears by the touching made Mr. Beecber's
death In the addresses and prayers Among those who
part the services tho Rev DR. Lyman Abbott
Professor l. W. Raymond Thomas G. Sherman and S. S.
Ferris
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
PUTTING THE BLAME ON RERIBLfCINS.
Robe RIEs AT THE LOUISVILLE PosT-OFgiCE-
~

Robe RIEs AT THE LOUISVILLE PoST-OFFICK-A
THREAT Bf DICKINSON.
LOUISVILLE, March s.-1hc Louisville Post Ofico Is
again causing trouble. J. c. Lewis. merchant who
does large business addressed letter 10 the Post
master General complaining that the percentage Of
packages deposited In the office here that reached
their dostinatan, had t-cn. and now. alarming.
Tho list Of names he gave Of customers of one ho3so
alone, who had been robbed. fakes up half column
in the newspaper Dir. LOWS also complained to
Congressman Caruth. That gentleman has written
TO The Postmaster General saying that tbs post Office
is st practically ia the hands OF Republicans and
asking that Democrats be put In
Postmaster General Dickinson says Il shall I'M
mediafely order thorough and searching nves;iga
ton TO DO made into the cement thai nirs
and II find ANYTHING Ike the condition stated by
Mr. Csruth and Mr.. Lewis to prevail. will maize .
clean sWcep.,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1888-03-09
Hoods Sarsapar!Ila
THE COURTS.

TRYING TO FIND uOFMANNS MONEY.
In the proceedings under which Henry H. Abbey OBJ
tanned an attachment against property OF Casmr Iof
Manu. father OF Joseph Hoffman, the boy pianist
Louis Stenbereer the broker, examined yesterday
Office OF Delaney Nicoll In the Stewart Building
for the purpose OF ascertanng what property II any, 3D.
longing to Mr.. IIofmann in his possession Mr.
SernbcFpr testified that Mr.. Hoffman, gave him 10 600
February H. instrucng him 20 buy West Shore bonds
for him. On February 16 Mr.. Abbey gave Hofmann
check 80 ZOO and whom IL returned 10 him In the
business T. had the Endorsement OF Stcrnberger
en- It. IL was found thai Holman had drawn all his
money Garfield Bank and It "a tho hands OF
Stcrnberger. and that the money Withdrawn from
Stern after attachment
issued Stcrpbcrgcr O