davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

a, :, ,.,.. 49,. -
MI sna "'" " ~ '"k' Wv" """'' wv
e,'"'"'.. VS.
m,s at,a,nann '
49,
MT U, Is Gray oi hloom'hg'oh' i''" I"
''.,"s "s ',u' ,.' :" y Wv"
ah W. D iho'has W 'he pteu" 'a'"o' w
apoune'hs ooS wh''h Arrived sunday
REV. S' . Fleming mas removed from 'he
H. II parsonage 10 No hso east southern
avenue
Mr. Geo. Hayes, U. =, Marshal, passed
through We city ths morning 70 nus nome
IN Cihc'nhatl
Mira a, w, semsherg and daughter, Of
Middlctown, Nd, are visiting the Rems.
bergs In this city,
A marriage license was issued In probate
court this morning to Arthur Parker and
Mary Anderson.
Conductor Gregory, a well.known rail.
roader, Is back In Springfield again after a
soiourn In the south and west.
Mr.. and Mrs. James a, CLAYTON and Mr..
and Mrs Arthru parker lett early this
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
EaSlly Accounted For.

II is source of wonder and amszement
to some people how we manage to acquire
and keep the splendid trade we have now,
while other merchant tailors in the city are
doing little or comparatively nothing.
1t need occasion no surprise, however,
for the secret of our success is simply this !:
We have marked our goods down to the
lowest possible margin, trusting our in
crease sales will balance reduced prices !;
we are getting Our garments, as low as the
prices are, just as carefully and c0nseien-
tiously as we would II we were charging
twice the price, and now, with splendid
new line Of fall fabrics, with prices marked
as low as SEQ for suit and IS for trousers,
and with the reputation Jason w. Phillids
maintains for getting up a stylish, we'll
made garment, we are not surprised at the
number of our sales and the confidence the
public have In obtaining perfect satisfac-
ton at No. 80 East Main street.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
THEY ARE ALL THERE.
The @. A R. Delegations All Safely
Landed In Columbus at Hoon
Today,
The TrNiss All Crowded 10 tho Utmost
The West Tra,ns Out with Large Del
egations-M More Than ao. 600 People
Pass Through This City.


Travel 10 Columbus Is stlll Immense ant
by evening the grand rush will be over
and tr.ins will assume theIr usual propor
,I.. 49,, -, -, g.. -.
''oh' shu W" w umo "sa'
since last night at q o'clock over th'rt,
trains have been sent 20 Columbus, Eacl
train averages tan ears and slxty passen
gars ,o zach ..r Tha ,nsh has con,IuusJ
a.. W :. - - a.e,,
"ho VAC" u"'n 'oAu IN s'sn' '" oo"o"'
areM crowds OF people have been ~ VI
depot 10 see tho trains and those from IN,
west are tho most lptereatInr. They ar,
n,ss,nya,.d hv
MNN AN" f"s'" 'N"'.'NS
and all are IN the best OF humor aud waving
tiags and hammers IA syerybosiy, They on
joy every mile they ride and are not nj all
tired,
A train of tan sleepcrs and n dining
car, containing the Chicago dclega
tlon, came In nj noon the
n SW. and thvy tfayelad In tho hos,
stvla az anv that nassad thronrh Tho cily,
A o'oiocE a train of iIfteen cars came In
oyer the o /, q w. brlnrins peonle fron,
lava Evcrv In the wasi h .enraaented.
and a.lavstlons from eash bnye nassrJ
thra,gh ria ,ltv. Amony theae ara CalI.
fornis Dafotn. Colarsdo' oreson. Kansas.
MIs.ouyi IlInnjs indlann anil Mnnesotn
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

On Sept. Is. positively the last chance Of
the season will be given for parties wishing
to avail themselves Of the pleasure of Wis
iting Niagara Falls and Toronto. Septem-
ber is the pleasant month of the year to see
Toronto, with her many attractions, most
notable of which is the Worlds Great In
dustrial fair, which is being held there Sep
tember 10th, to 22d, one day, September
Goth, being set aside for American visitors.
The management have spared no pains to
make this gala day for their American
friends. The picturesque Erie" is again
the chosen route, and direct official Of this
company. will personally conduct the ex-
cursion to Niagara and Toronto. Exceed
ing;y low rates have been made, viz: 81 0O
to Niagara Falls and return, With Sl.00 ex'
ira for Toronto and return. Patrons of this
excursion will also be granted the privilege
of stopping off at Lake Chautauqua on the
return, and as u limit of 5 days, not inc elud.
ing date of sale, is granted no better op-
pOrtunity could be given for visiting these
three points, Niagara Falls, Toronto and
Chau;auqua.
Programmes of the great fair and all
particulars viii be furnished on application
10 ticket agent j. ID Phleger, Springfield,
o., or to Ii. G. Holabird, division passen-
ger agent, No. 80 west Fourth street, Gin
cinnati, U.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
MONTHLY MEETING.
The Board OF Directors Hold an Impor'
tant Meeting.

The Board OF Directors Hold an Impor'
tant Meeting.
The regular monthly meeting of the Y. M.
CA. board last evening receivedreports from
t ~ various committees of the association
rowing the work done during August>>to
be as given below, as nearly as figures can
give an idea of such work. Many Of the
rspOrts showed an earnestness and enthusi-
asm that spoke well for the committees and
promised well for the work committed
to them. The plans for the educa-
tional work presented by Prof. Prince
received the unanimous approval of the
board, and 1t is hoped to make all four
classes, mechanical drawing, arithmetic.
penmanship and vocal music, successful.
Additional mattresses and poles for class
caiesthenics were ordered for the gym
nasium.
All members of the board were asked TO
interest themselves in the religious meet
ings, and to do what they could TO make
them useful.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
's4 AND 81 HoNoREp.

Messrs. Alvin Linn and SaVusk ksirA'
Essessd to Succeed DIR. ri ArsF. Smith
~ wittenbsrE.
A few days ago Prof. Edgar r. Smith,
who occupied the chair of natural sciences
at Wittenberg college, was elected as pro
fessor Of analytical chemistry of the Uni,
versity OF Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia,
which position he accepted, severing his
connection with WIttenberg.
This morning the faculty met to elect 4
successor, and elected two young men OF
this city, graduates Of the college, 10 pro
fessorships. The persons SO hOnored were
MessIs. Alvin +. Linn, of 'el an Samuel
s. Kellar, OF 's7.
MIR. Linn will teach chemistry, mineral
ogy, while Mr.. Kellar will teach physics,
zoology and botany, also class in German,
to assist Prof. Schilling.
Mr.. Linn Is Q member of the class of 'S7,
and studied under the gentleman whom he
succeeds. He also took q post graduate
course at the Johns Hopkins university q,
Baltimore.r He won considerable distine-
tion as1student, and had he remained al
the university month longer the title OF
doctor would have been bestowed upon
him. He Is very capable young
man, and will do himself credit In his capa-
city as professor of natural sciences.
Mr.. Kellar is also young man OF this
city and is . member Of the high school
class of 'S3. and class 's7 of Wittenberg.
Mr.. Kellar was also . student under DE-,
Smith and marked his career in college by
being an honor member Of his class. Both
young men are great acquisition to the fac
ulty of the college and 80 far to lessen
the loss in SO valuable . teacher as DR..
Smith, the retiring professor.
DIR. Smith goes to Philadelphia tomorrow
to assume his new position. Mr.. Linn left
last evening for Baltimore to attend to
some affairs at his school and upon his re-
turn will enter upon his duties at Witten-
burg.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
GENERAL HoVEY, CT INDIANA.
The Distinguished Republican Candidate
Dsfor Govsrnor of the Hoo-ier State Passe'
Through.

The Distingutshed Republican Candidate
osfor Governor ut the Hoo>ier State Passes
Through.
One of the passengers on one of the null
titude laden trains for Columbus on the C..
8. & @. this afternoon was portly gentle
man with iron-gray hair, q military nous
tache. aorid complexion and distingue
appearance. He sat wedged in q seat In
one of the crowded cars, his face express
ing patience at the Multifold annoyances of
such travel. In appearance he somewhat
resembled our Gen. Bushnell, but he fills
up a linen duster more completely than
our fellow -townsman.
IL wss GeHr How y the dist n ,ui b u
soldier and statesman, wholn the repub-
licans of Indiana have nominated for gov
ernor. He was on his way to Columbus
with his daughter, q rosy-cheeked miss of
is years or less. The REpuBLIc elbowed
Its way through the car and presented its
card.
''0h, glad to see you," said General Ho-
vey, cordially; II have been sitting here
admiring what could see of Springfield,
OF which | have heard great deal, and
which my war experience makes me hold
OoptNiuiif uOnis VHbt IL tiio
The reporter briefly pointed out and de-
nominated some Of the leading structures
In view and then asked the General about
Indiana politics.
"The republicans will sweep Indiana
handsomely" said the general. You have
no conception Of the state pride and local
enthusiasm felt in all parties-democrats
and prohibitionists as well as re-
publicans-over the great honor of
having a presidential nominee from
our Hoosier state. We like IL; and
Indiana will give Gen. Harrison q rOusing
majority. must also modestly add that
certain of my own election, notwithstand-
ing the roorback that the democrats have
started about my war record. You see
Just then the train started with jolt,
and the reporter, after hasty goodbye.
fought his way out OF the moving train.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
STATISTICS FOR AUGUST.


The j. ID. Stewart company's team of
mules started to run from from their branch
store on High street this afternoon and ran
east to Limestone street then turned south
and came in contact with buggy
belonging to C. W. Smith, Il g
grocer, from which Mrs. Smith had jn I
alighted, and broke the hind axle, and Otl :
erwise damaged the buggy. The mules
continued their flight south on Limestone
street until stopped by train which had
blockaded the crossing.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
AFTER SIXTEEN YEARS.
Impressions of n fo'mcr Spring fielder on
RsturninK to His Native IOWA.

Impressions OF n forMcr Sprinsfletde on
Rs,urninK to Hts Native IOWA.
The following interesting letter has been
received from Joseph W. Frankel, = former
Spring6elder, vino now represents j. NJ.
liili, Of the Union Square thester, New
York. Mr.. Frankel was In town last Tues
day arranging for the appearance Of James
@. Roach, who will appear at the Grand
opera house next Tuesday night. MIR.
Roach Is under the personal direction OF j..
NJ. hill, who has supplied Springfield with
many excellent attractions:
To the Editer Of the Republic,
What q mighty transformation tho hand
OF time has wrought In q comparatively
few yew years. This and similar thoughts
OF astonishment and pleasant surprise o.
cupied my mind a the mammoth structure
called the Arcade confronted me on arrlv-
Ing at Springfield few days ago, Mr.,
Editor, need not mention with what curl
osity ! venturcd forth to give the Champion
City partial Inspection. To you who
quietly and serenely dwell amdt the won
deriul changes which have taken place since
1877, when circumstances occasioned my
departure Tor the east, cannot perhaps 50
fultv ADpraelnia tina mi rvaious nroO rea aiv n
enternrise whlch has Ief, its MARI In every
dlreetion. One hss on,v to rsm.in swsy
far = perlaa ~ sis,sen vssrs as i have
done, and return, N lind the scenes OF my
boyhood days usurped In thousand and
ono ways, and try 10 recall memories OF
the pleasant past. Although the retro
spective with different surroundings is
somewhat difficult " mediate, neverthe-
struggled with the rudImeots of education
Al thr old Western schooI, how in After
wears / gradually became familiar r,.hs .h,,
faces of many who have creased the riyer
beyend. ana ,hc many wbo ann rrmnin.
among whom / was cordially welcomed on
NV anpaarance. IA WAS snch : sonroc of
nrofo,,nd plrasurc IN be spnroaehrd IN tho
streets and ealled nv M amo that tho freouent
could nat therefore refrnin from snbmlt.
homes that Ina re.a.rs NJ the Rrr,,ni 10
mnv bsar ~ ths INV ssn.risncsd on INV
recent vislt Yes' Mr E,litor. tbe trans.
Formation Ia an comnlsta Thai conIi
scarcely s imsr,nr mvsaif IN dear ola snrinv.
field. and yet the nrorress so evident In.
snircs ma Win nrlSs sor na matter whers
one roams. The sccnas vhich dalivht tbe
yonth live on continually. and invsrinblv
6rinw hack fond rrcollections. The mAr.
niacent judicial eiiace m we'll A The rrrs,
humber or other eIevsnt hnildlnvs which
now hsd sueh Imnortsnce Arrested INV ~.
tant,on. And when / contsmnlste the row.
emmen, and munic,nal enternrises AZ we'll
"a tha Individual hsnevolencr which will
shortlv adorn she Chamnion Syitv' N sesms
10 ma thnt ihe rood nannie ~ INV former
home will hsye mnch to be nroud on
Nevar can forge. the f,rst street cnr pro.
nalls5 hv single mnIs nower that trans.
ported nassenvers frpm Tho Lasonds
House 10 S,rInstown. What 4 chanS the
sevara, lines now trsvers,nv ths nr,ncinal
iInas nccnrs m mas Nor c.n NV min,,'s
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
'LAooapA LAcoNIcs.
Items of Interest from spriugficid's Lively
Little suburb.

Items of Interest from spriugficid'r Lively
Little suburb.
Born, a few days since. to Mr.. and Mrs
Kaufman, of Champion street, daughter.
Elijah Allen, OF Lagonda avenue, has
gone 10 London, o., for week ON ousi-
| ness.
Miss Clara Alexander Is teaching at Oak
land school In Prof. Iiynch's place, while
he acts az principal In one Of the large
school buildings, during the sickness OF the
principal.
Yesterday one OF @. w. Holden's little
daughters had finger caught In the coXs
OF clothes wringer and the flesh mashed
on the end of the finger, but she stood the
palm like little soldier.
Rev. w. X. Houlton and wife, OF Alb
hotsville, o., came yesterday evening TO
spend short vacation with relatives here.
Mr., Houlton has been preaching nj New
Paris, o., for some time, but Is now changed
to Abbotsville.
Mr.. and Mrs. Putnam, OF Decatur, ILL.,,
came yesterday TO Mr., Aaron Brandts and
will remain short time Mr.. Brandts
mother.in-law, Mrs. Owens, Is o niece OF
MFR. and Mrs, Putnam. They are quite an
aged couple, Mr., Putnam being 81.
Mr., j, W, Reid, one OF our Oldest clt-
Gems, went 10 Columbus yesterday and will
remain week, Rev, Q, J. Barkert also
went with his brother q, A. Rs, and this
morning Mrs, Xutavern and Mrs, W, Il.
Alexander and their little daughters went
over,
Mrs. Brsnstitter, OF Wichita, Kansas, ar
rived here on Saturday evening, and will
anend aOme six gtunths with her PARENTS
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
The Victim Of Folly.

The writer was once taken by q physi-
clan to see patient who might well be
called the victim OF folly-or rather of false
modesty. He seemed to be In the last
stages of physical mpotency. His arms,
his legs, his mouth and bis eyes seemed
each to be almost incapable Of doing work.
The man had no violent disease. Each
member had gone back to q senlle
and shocking infancy, though the suf-
ferer was but young man. The ply
sician said to the writer at the time
that the disease of the young man was,
In its earlier stages, one Of the very easies!
to cure. 1t almost always yielded to simple
remedies. But through motives Of foolish
delicacy the youth had kept the matter to
himself, neglecting, until too late, to con-
suit physician.
Reader. If you are In such danger your
self, do not fall into like error; II you
have friend who Is In such danger, warn
him before it is too late. On Thursday,
September 18th, the celebrated DIR. Albert,
of the Cleveland Medical Institute, will be
at the st. James hotel, Springfield. He has
had vast experience. He Is gentleman
who will not abuse your confidence. Con
suit him while you are still curable.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

Mr.. J. r. Marshall, the job printer, has
purchased a one-half interest In the WASH
ington c. II. Register Democrat. and Is
removing his job material from the Sunday
Ncics office today. The Sunday Nelos
however, will remain as one of Spring
FIELDS active institutions, and will continue
to do business at the old stand with Editor
West at the helm,
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
A Fins Entertainment.

Tomorrow night Star Division, No. 4,
will give their first grand concert, prone
made and ball at the Central rink. The
committee on arrangements has taken con-
siderable pains to made the affair q com
plete success, and will well nigh succeed.
This is the first entertainment of this nature
given by this lodge, and they, from their
efforts, will have sufficient cause to con-
graduate themselves upon the result of
their und, r:aking. The music will be OF
the best, Prof. Scurry's Big Four orchestra
furnishing the same.
Refreshments consisting Of all the del
icacies of the season will be in the hall. and
no pains will be spared to make everyone
have most enjoyable evening.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

G. A. RS. Please Make q Note OF This.
The C. S. & G. railroad will sell round
| trip tickets to Columbus, o., September Z,
s, Q, 10, IL. 12, Is and 14th, 1888, at 80
cents for the round trip. Tickets good on
on all trains: c. l.. HILLEARY,
Ticket Agent
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

Another voter for Harrison arrived atthe
residence of Mr.. Harry Daley, of the
Farm and Preside, last night In the shape
OF fine boy. Harry feels quite proud this
morning.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
ROYALfRo7MKpISEGR
ABSOLUTELY PURE.

quick rai Baking superior TO all other eavens
absolutely and OF the highest aSenns power
aays uniform strength and quality light
mun cake etc. raised ~ Royal
Baking without distressing results to the most des
digestive crgsrs climate without deterioration
Mott Chemist, after examining officially inc
principal baking powders OF the country, reported
"The Baking absolutely for have so found TIN many
the United States Government
have for obtaining perfectly cream
the proportions of the same
preparation, Royal Baking Powder undoubtedly the
purs and most reliable baking powder offered to the public
HENRY A. MOTT, Pa, D."
u s. GoF~aad Gemis
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

If you want to see the best kip and calf
boot in Ohio for the money, go to Starkey
& Scowden's. in the Arcade. They sold
seven hundred pairs Of them last season
and their trade Is increasing every month.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

5he Oldest and Largest
toilet soap manufacturers In the United
States unhesitstingly recommend Colgate's
Cashmere Bouquet,
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
LOCAL sReWvlCs.

At the Grand, Tuesday, September II,
"nAn Darcy"
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

PEARS is the purest and best Soap sver
made.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

Diamonds need cleaning several times
during a winter season.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

st. Louis has mining company com
posed exclusively If women.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
Duplex Corset !!

We are receiving. almost daily. letters testi-
Tying to the great and sustained popularity OF
the DUPLEX CoRsEr.
Mrs. Elizabeth VI Rockhill writes from Leb-
anon. Ohio, April 18th, lSSs:
ALLOW me to pay my tribute to the genius
which invented the Duplex. 1 have worn
many different makes Of corsets. but until ]
bought my nrst Duplex. in 1876 or ~. never
knew what n thoroughly comfortable corset
was. have worn no other kind since. ant
could not be Induced to unless they were not
to be had. They are very reasonable in price.
better wearing than those which cost more.
and satisfactory In every respect"
For sale everywhere. Sample corset sent
postpaid on receipt of sl.00.
BORTREE MFG CO., Jacks0 Mich
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11

Short gloves are foretold.
Springfield daily republic. [volume] (Springfield, O. [Ohio]) 1887-1888, 1888-09-11
NargeaMt'a C0nditlOn rills,
CAsPER's Drug Store,
COMING ATTRACTIONS.

msia ~. FISHER. naiiaias. sprinsaeld,
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1888-03-01
W. III. HARRIS.
oaice on Front Street, Dodge City, Kansas.


%
No
Bds Addition Prices
n
N
a al n as
49,
from
eesandar other A
n roraleat bus frn onresden
din adtosh
ART rch
We've doopen
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1888-03-01

ganiZed March %. 1887 with a capital
stock of $50 600 j. B. CASTOR, Presi
dent; Edward Wiebenson, Cashier; H. f.
CASTOR, VicePresident
The correspondents of the bank are
American Exchange National of n. T.,
American National, Kansas City, and
Cleveland National of Ohio.
This bank makes speciality of hand
ling municipal and county bonds, and
other first class securities, and has unus-
ual facilities for negotiating such loans
at very favorable rates. This bank
bought the city bonds of Kinsley,
amounting to $4,000, and Dodge City
bonds to the amount of S39. 900 at very
much more favorable rates than were Of
fered by any other moneyed institution.
Through its eastern connections, this
bank is able to handle acceptable securi-
ties of this class to large amount.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1888-03-01

is an increase of 20 over last year. or
r. The wages of teachers ranging from
$50 to $50 in the country
DODGE CITY SCHOOLS
The public schools of Dodge City are
in very prosperous condition, and the
subject of education is one in which the
people of the city take a deep interest
There are two handsome brick school
houses which are valued at over SIG, 900,
affordng accommodations for 6l2 pupils
out of an enrolment of 12J of school age
A superintendent at salary of 81, 200;
principal of High school at a salary Of
$50 per month, and eight assistant teach
ers are employed. The school year CON
sist of nine month, and the branches
taught include higher mathematics, all
the natural sciences, and Latin With
the completion of the Presbyterian Col
lege, before fall Dodge City will afford
its residents opportunities for the most
thorough finished education.
COUNTY SCHOOLS.
The schools throughout the county are
all good, and in some of the towns most
excellent. At Speareyille there is a
handsome stone school house of four
rooms, valued at $500, employing two
teachers, in a nine months school. The
school population of the district is 40,
with an enrolment of about 100. Buck
lin and Wilburn have school buildings
each costing 81 900 and excellent nine
months schools are maintained Other
schools are maintained at convenient To-
cations throughout the county.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1888-03-01
AMERICAN STATE BANK.

Judged by the standing and condition
of its banking institutions, Dodge City
presents a most favorable showing. They
are managed by men of large means,
sound financial Judgment extensive bus
mess experience. progressive ideas. and
are important factors In advancing the
best interests of the CITY
The above bank was chartered and or
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1888-03-01

of cure. To those who desire it, he will
cheerfullvi send free IF charoel A conv
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1888-03-01

to God and man for three-fourths of
tho brawIs and riots crime and liti0a-