davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
SOLD INTO sERvITUDE.
How Assisted Immigrants Were Disposed
Of Many Years Ago.

How Assisted Immigrants Were Disposed
Of Many Years Ago.
Many years ago a majority of the i'm
migrants were so poor that they could
not prepay their passage. They ac-
cepted advances and were bonded to
the shipowners, who derived enormous
profits. Charles Reade has a vivid
description of the immigrant at this
period in his Wandering Heir"
When vessel arrived at Philadelphia
or New York the steerage passengers
were sold at public auction to the high
est bidder. The country people either
came themselves to purchase or sent
agents. Parents sold their children
that they might remain free them
selves. and families were scattered
never to be reunited. Old people and
widows did not sell well, while healthy
parents with healthy children and
youths of both sexes found ready
market. When one or both parents
died on the voyage the expenses OF the
whole family were summed up and
charged to the survivor. Adults had
to serve from three to six years. and
children until they became of age.
Runaways had to serve one week for
each day, one month for each week,
and six months for each month of their
absence. The immigrants were called
intended servants" but in effect they
were slaves. The last sales of immi-
grants took place in Philadelphia dur
ing the years 1918 and 1919. The Gov
eminent then interfered with the traffic
and encouraged the immigration of a
superior class of people. But the ac-
cOmmodations for immigrants remained
shamefully defective, and nearly twenty
out of every hundred passengers died
at sea of fever or starvation. The
steerage deck was usually about five
feet high. without ventilation or light,
and in this space the hunks were
ranged in two or three tiers.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
HELPING THE POOR.

An Eccentric Rhode Islander Who Pre-
sents Homes to Worthy NeiGhbOrs.
They say up in Newport that George
Il. Hazard, one of the wealthiest citi-
2ens. is crank. No one has ever ac-
cused him of being a fool. He made
big fortune in business and he has
it yet. He appears to have some
original ideas as to the proper employ
ment of the half-million dollars he
possesses. He has begun by giving
for a nominal consideration dwelling
houses to several poor but worthy
residents of the city. He has given
clear deeds of the property. taking
mortgages for the amount of what
the rents of the property would come
TO in ten years, the parties having per-
mission to sell or otherwise dispose of
the property in the meantime If they
find it to their advantage to do SO. and
they can pay the mortgage at any time
they see fit. Hazard has many other
houses to dispose of in the same way,
and he doesn't propose to have any
wrangling over his property after
death. He has been in considerable
legal and other difficulties. and recent
" was sent to Jail for six months for as
sault, and, later on, he had two
thousand dollar judgment rendered
against him in civil suit for the same
assault, which he refused to pay, and
was taken to Jail. where he remained
until he decided to pay it.
Since his release the jailor lost his
position. and Hazard has now come
forward and provided him with large
house free of rent. He gave valua-
BILE block on one of Newport's prin-
cipal business streets to one of the
State Board of Charities and Correc-
ton, ex-Postmaster Thomas Coggs-
hall, without any consideration. be-
cause Coggshall was kind to him in
prison. Hazard is nearly seventy-five
years of age and in poor health.-M
y. Graphic.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
ABOUT cars EYES
The Precious Stone Made Fashionable By
the Duke Of Connau0ht.

The Precious Stone AAde Fashionable By
the Duke Of Connau0ht.
That the Duke of Connaught gave his
bride a cat's-eye ring as an engage
ment token was enough to make the
stone fashionable and to increase its
value greatly. The demand soon ex-
tended to Ceylon, where the true
chrysoberyl cat's-eye is found and
stimulated the search for it there. In
the chrysoberyl cat's-eye the effect is
the result Of twinning of the crystal
or of a deposit between its crystalline
layers of other minerals in microscopic
inclusions. If the stone be cut across
these layers, en- cabochon, or carbuncle
cut, as it is called, bright line of
light will be condensed on the dome
like top of the stone.
In the search for these chrysOberyl
cat's-eyes there have been found an
endless series Of chrysoberyls of deep
golden, light yellow, yellow green.
sage green, dark green. yellowish
brown and other tints. They are SUI
perb gems, weighing from one to one
hundred carats, ranking next to the
sapphire in hardness. They gave a
great surprise to the gem dealers, for
it was found that the darker leaf green,
or olive green stones possessed the
wonderful dichroitic property of chang
ing to columbine red by artificial light,
the green being entirely subdued and
the red predominating, and. in fact,
were alexandrites, a gem which had
formerly been found only in Siberia,
and even there of poor quality, though
in large crystals, perfect gem of even
one carat being great rarity. Here,
however, fine gems, rarely under four
carats, were found, and an exceptional
one weighed sixty-seven carats. They
can be numbered among the most re-
markable Of known gems. Strange to
say, among these alexandrites a few
have been found which combine the
characteristics of the cat's-eye and the
and are in reality alexan-
drite cat's-eyes.-G. f. King, in North
.dme ric0n RerieW.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
Too Great q Risk.

"Well, you seem to be in first rate
physical condition." said the insur-
ance medical examiner to an applicant.
II think you win do. Mr.. Smith
turning to the agent) I think can re-
port this risk good one-oh, by the
way Ito the applicant) do you know
how to play baseball
why, certainly"
"Do you think you know enough
about it to umpire q game?"
"Yes, could umpire game; but"
.Nr. Smith, take him away. Com
ANY cant have any thing to do with
him. Merchant zfGUeley.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
MAKING FINE BUTTER.
How to Obtain the Best Results in the
Ordinary Farm Dairy.

How 10 OBTAIN the best Results IN tins
Ordinary Farm Dairy.
Much of the excellence of butter de.
ponds on the sailing, and while butter
that for any reason is really inferior
can not be raised to grade of excel.
lence by the sailing, that which other.
wise might be classed as good is often
reduced to an inferior grade by the
manner in which it is treated at the
time of sailing. A good deal of butter
is churned to death: that is, the churn.
ing is continued to gather the butter sc
long after the butter has separated
from the milk that it is pounded into d
creamy, pasty condition, exactly the
opposite of what it should be.
A piece of really good butter. prop
erly sailed, when cut apart with d
bright, sharp knife, should show two
clean-cut, smooth and slightly moist
surfaces, without any sign of mash
ing down of the butter particles, and
none of them should be found adhering
in sticky mass to the knife. When a
knife is drawn through a piece of but.
ter and comes out in such condition
that the blade can not be seen, nc
expert is needed to determine its
quality.
The two methods now in vogue for
sailing butter are termed brine sailing
and dry sailing, each of which has its
advocates. The former consists in
making the salt into a solution before
it is used, and in the latter the solution
is made by adding dry salt to the water
that remains in the butter after most
of the buttermilk has been worked out.
So far as the result is concerned the
object of each plan is to surround the
grains of butter with brine, until
enough of the solution is absorbed to
make them palatable. As the butter
itself contains about II per cent. OF
water, that must be taken into consid-
GRAFTON in brine sailing, otherwise the
sailing will be too light. On the other
hand, if more dry salt is used than the
water in the butter will turn into solu-
ton, the dry sailing will be in excess
and be shown in particles of salt un-
dissolved.
To get the best results from any
kind of sailing the churning should
stop when the butter has fairly granu-
lated and before it has been beaten to
. salty condition by the process Of
gathering. At this stage the butter
milk should be drawn off and the butter
be washed with cold water or cold,
weak brine until it runs off clear, when
either strong, clear brine may be
poured on to remain until the mass
has absorbed enough of the solution,
or fine dry salt. about one ounce to the
pound, be sifted on and be worked in
SO tina. it win dissolve. After this .
light second working should be given
TO SCAR !: Of "a; trtsermiik that may
be drawn out by the salt.--N r
World.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
HOME, FARM AND GARDEN.

Beauty and ornament add to the
value of farm. A few trees around
the house may sometimes be of more
value than the ground.
Whenever the work of the farm
win permit, it viii pay to pillow up q
good patch for turnips. In any thing
like favorable season turnips will
yield heavily; and as very little. If any.
cultivation is necessary. they can be
raised very cheaply.
Prof. H. Muller, an eminent botan-
ist, says that the best time to prune
vines is while the grapes are ripening.
and that the young shoots should be
selected for this purpose, as they re-
quire for their development q large
quantity of sugar, to the detriment of
the ripening fruit.
The way to can peaches is to have
kettle of boiling water and another
of strip. made quite rich. Drop the
peaches into the water and let them
boil until just tender, when lift them
out with a wire spoon and put them
into the can; fill it up with the clear
strip and seal directly.
If orange rust appears upon rasp-
berries or blackberries carefully re-
move the affected plants and burn them.
root and branch. as soon as possible.
Lime, salt and sulphur, either separ-
ately or in combination, are scattered
over the soil by many growers in or
der to kill the fallen spores.
The thinning out of carrots, pars-
nips and beets in the rows can scarcely
be done too early. If much crowded
the plant soon begins to prepare for
seeding, as the extra juices in its root
are dried out. This tendency once be-
gun, the root never entirely RECEIVERS
its old habit of vigorous growth.
1t is almost impossible on worn
soils to grow good hay crops or to make
permanent pasture where timothy and
clover only are sown. In such condi-
tons close moving, followed by dry,
hot weather, will often destroy the
weak dubious roots of the timothy, and
thus leave no prospect for rowen at all.
Pineapple Pudding.-Line the bot
tom and sides of a pudding dish with
thin slices of pineapple. Strew with
powdered sugar, place over a layer of
pineapple, and so on until the dish is
full; pour over one cup of water an6
cover with slices of sponge of cup cake
wet in cold water; cover and bake
slowly two hours.
Hardy roses will not endure neg
lect or scanty care any more than ten.
der. They must be well fed, well
pruned and we'll protected. Plenty OF
well-decomposed manure will give Wig
orous growth; a free cutting back in
spring will give fresh blooming shoots.
and a mulch of leaves, stable litter
ETC., during the extremes of hot or cole
weather will keep the roots in right
condition. All this will give you roses
on almost any soil, though the roses
prefer strong clay loan, and vigOr
Gus, healthy growth is the best pre-
ventive of insect attack.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
A Ministerial Reproof

Minister (mildly)-rve been want
ing to see you, Mr.. Kurd. in regard to
the quality Of milk with which you are
serving me.
Milkman (:neasily)-Yes, sir.
Minister Every mildly III only want
ed to say, Mr.. Kurd, that use the milk
for dietary purposes exclusively, and
not for christeuing.-M r SaM
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
ADVICE TO SMOKERS.

Buy Small Boxes and Do Not Select
Light-Colored Cigars.
"Have you noticed the change that
has come over the trade respecting the
standard cigar box?' asked leading
dealer of a reporter recently. '.NOt
very many years ago the standard box
held one hundred cigars. Now the
standard holds but fifty, and the still
smaller box holding but twenty-five is
rapidly pushing to the front Is this
not accounted for on the principle that
as nations become more civilized the
coins in use become sub-divided to
meet the demands of more diversified
trade? May it not come from lean
ing towards fresh cigar? When one
man attempts to consume box con-
tanning one hundred cigars he finds the
last row too dry, and hence his change
to the fifty or the twenty-five box.
But" continued the dealer, elf the
wholesale and retail tobacconists of
this country do not soon awake from
their long sleep they will wake up
come fine morning and find that their
trade in costly Havana cigars is in
great peril and the work they are now
refusing to do will be many times
harder when the critical point is
reached. The point in question is that
foolish freak Of nature, the insane
fashion for light-colored cigars, and
without one word of comment or ex-
phantom the tobacconists have been
catering to that silly whim. Matters
have gone from bad to worse, until
whole crops of tobacco have been
ruined in the endeavor to supply some
thing that nature would not produce.
In the tobacco growing districts of
Cuba the crops have been cut long be-
fore maturity, and as natural conse-
ouence very inferior tobacco was the
result. The consumer still asks for
light-cOlored cigars, and at the same
time condemns the inferior quality of
later-day tobacco, that, nine times out
of ten, has been spoiled in order to
satisfy his craving for a pale cigar.
This is all wrong, and it is within
the power of the retailer to counteract
this tendency on the part of the con-
sumer and bring him to a realizing sense
of his own danger. 1t is needless to
lay down set of rules for the guidance
Of tobacconists. They know that the
soil and climate of Cuba will not pro-
duce light cigar tobacco any better
than any other. When nature pro-
duces tobacco light in color it is UNI
suited for cigars, is a well-known fact
the world over. This is the rule that
nature herself has made, and when you
get pale color you may know that the
tobacco has been doctored and unfit in
richness and aroma for a delicious
smoke. The great crop of Havana
tobacco is dark; the coming crop will.
in all probability, be dark also; and if
the dealers do not bestir themselves
and enter into the work of converting
their misguided customers they will
imperil their trade in the finer grades
of cigars. The Havana tobacco excels
all other for cigars. The Mexican
and Manila weeds are favorites for
cheroots. The Kentucky tobacco is in
termediate in character. The tobacco
of Virginia is the best for pipe smok-
ing, while that from Maryland is
used for the cheaper grades of cigars"
N Y. Mail and Express.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

Although it is not generally known
to the world at large, there is an in
tense and bitter rivalry between Lima
and Boston. Each claim be the
bean-head Of the universe
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

-Smith-''My wife wants q new
dress every day in the year." Jones
''She must be awful extravagant. Does
she get it?" Smith-''No; that's the
reason she is compelled to want t."
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

SoNE politicians whose statements won't
always wash now avoid that unpleasant
contingency by putting a plenty Of cam.
paign I've III them.-BdltimOre american.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

VERY many popular men Of the day make
much Of their reputation by night.
Mil
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

A GOOD mount :" with plenty Of reserve
power-MOunt Vesuvius.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

TEE man who has been carved by q care
less barber may be said to have figured il
. cutting scrape.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

If hen ever went into business she
would probably set up an egg-plant-Pack.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

TIE only way for young man to get
married comfortably on $500 . year is TO
throw himself on the generosity Of his
fatner-in-law.-Haypc Bazdr.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

Tested aAd proved b. over twnay-Avo
yeaEs' use b IN parts u Tie world.
Al1Oocx's HoDoUs HLAs1x1s have - IN
dogsement Of the highest medical end
caemical authoFitiea, md nillioas Of gfa*e.
full patients who have been cured of dis.
tresaing ailments voluntarily testify %
their merits.
AIIcocx's Polors R1As11.s are purely
vegetable. They are mild but elective,
sure and quick In their action, and aheo-
mtely harmless.
Beware Of limitations, and do not b q.
ceived by misrepresentation.
Ask for AILcoCK's, and let no explanation
Or solicitation induce you 70 accept sub
stitute.
1oef Of the modern naxins sro made mn
q A1ngs from last eentury's ssWa. int
they pose - coin fresh fro4 The nint-
II ahRicted with Sore Eyes use Dr. Isaac
Thompsou's Eye Waser. Druggists sen ita6c.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

TIE largest greenhouse in the world IL
situated in Boston. In fact. the city itself
has leug been the center Of naughty cult
ure.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

IL groggy weather the halyards are IL
ways tight when the sails get full.-Tolcdt
Blade
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

= IT. face ID its fortune CAsus.
Gle 1slewuIA
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

BECOMING 70 grass widows lawn dress.
-BAviington Etse PSxss.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

Nor displeased-the young man sitting
between two pretty girls, when asked By
To conductor 70 make ROOM for one more
q that aide
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

FIJI time and the baseball are very prop
orly contemporaneous.- TSuueaes
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

VESSELS are very polite. Even in oad
weather, or at night, they always enter Z
port bow-in.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23
3RED upon the waters-a sailo

TEE girl who loves William never ask
her father to foot her Bill.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

yoafo He Ye1oW HsuAapo9
1Aea look out for your live, for Il = q.
vlyoc0mG serious, co0G1ot1o0. 0oniah -
e9&fon hoe iron your Skin and eyeAalls, IL
fuF frum yo1r tongue, IL uneasy smsataoa0
NON your night side With tAA4 pleasant ~
painless laxative and anti bilious medicine.
8ootet1eT's Stomach Dtt1eR1, which Il, more.
over, you aro throaAanod with kidney txu0-
bic q fever md ague. WIN prevent then.
I'M nan who lispo Aao no faith In Girls.
1e calls every 1is0 . DytA-WssebcSvueA
A POSITIVE Certainty Of relief Is afforded
IN skin diseases BY 0lann'e Sulphur 6oan
8lrs hair and Whioker Dye, 50c.
Tn portrait painter generally eets his
Nv partially In advaAoa 6o d thus a.
WAyD drawing Q h0o6.-I1aA
y0IBt 4 OSoeA, Yre1cA elasa, Owl
1toaA Nlckol q Ch0Tyy CGe1 CooA Nh
GIANTS OILY. r. ". 1A1onL Z Co Chicago
In SIN Alarm sxpectsa seizure q
Illicit Whisky-Tesos SVSon0a
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

Tn SIN AlaTm-eXpeotoa seizure -
Illicit Vhisky-Tk1oo SVttn0a
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1888-08-23

II aA6cted with Sore Eyes use Dr.. Isaac
Thompson's Eye Water. Druggists sel il sc.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1888-02-02
U WANT
or Course U Neutrality-suspicious. ?

or Course. U want-what:Don'tsU ?
u want TO rent n house,
II want situation,
u want servant,
II want to sell something,
II want t. buy horse.
" want to find something lost,
II want to rent a room,
" want housekceper,
II want a bookkoeper.
II want the people 10 know you have the
cheapest goods i'm town,
u want to know how to have your want
gratified. and well tell you.
Advertise in THE CAPITAL want column and
you will see how soon your wants Will be
supplied.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1888-02-02
Why a Pump Operates.

No pump draws water,a pump
can no more lift water than it
can lift itself, it lifts nothing at
any time The plunger or
bucket o a pump displaces the
air which is in the barrel OF the
pump. and exhausts that which
is in the feed or water pipe,
called by custom the suction
pide-probably because it
doesn't suck anything. After
the air is displaced from the
pipes water fills the vacuum
The pump has no other office to
perform than to get the air out
of the pipes. Further; the size
of the suction" pipe has moth
ing to do with the action of a
pump; it does not make the
pump work one bit easier
whether it is large or small.
The size of the alleged suction
pipe has an influence on the
efficacy of the pump only, and
so far as "easy" working of the
pump is concerned it would act
Just as well if the pipe was one
inch in diameter as if it was four
inches. A great many persons
think that unless a feed pump
is packed very tight indeed it
will not draw anything, hav-
ing a notion that, in some way,
the bucket or plunger has pull
on the water. We have eX-
planned the falsity of this in
previous times, SO we need not
repeat it, but If a pump barrel
is in good order and the bucket
works true in it, very little
packing will make it air tight.
The foregoing remarks refer to
lifting pumps, so called, but in
force pumps they do not alto
gether apply.-Milling Engi-
neer.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1888-02-02
Gzssnr.s 9ntds.
. B. & 0. RAILROAD
SCHEDULES IN EFFECT DEC. 4. 1887,
THE MODEL FAST LINE EAST AND WEST
DOUBLE Track JANNEY COUPLER,
Leave ea1naen station :

For ANNAPOLIS. 80. 900 A. NJ. I215 and
40 and go p. NJ. On Sunday, 9.0a q. m. and
100 m
For Way Stations between baltimore and
Washington. 3. 10. $50 and q o5 m, II Il, 800
500 80 and li00 p. IN. On Sunday, $50 and
eos a m, l.35. 500 @ 81 and III .0lp m
Trains leave Washington for Baltimore, 500.
ESQ., $40. 80 $50. $50 a. m. - TO- .35. 315.
800 430 A40 A.0. IS. 6 45. 730, S;S5. II 80 p. m
Sunday. $50 30 $50 $50 a. m. 1.30 2.25 $50
4.40 $50 55, G. 40 S.S5 1l,3O p. m.
From Annapolis. $40 S31 l2.05 a, m. $50 GO
p. IN. Sunday. at $50 a. IN. and 40 p. m.
Baggage called for and checked at hotels
and residences on orders left at Ticket Offices
N. W. Cor Calvert and Baltimore Streets new
No $50 s. Broadway. new No. 1882 West BalJi-
more Street and Camden Station.
w NJ. CLEMENTS OK. LORD.
Manager. Gen, Pass Agent
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1888-02-02
CLOSE OUT
My entire stock of
Cents and Boys Suits
BOOTS and SHOES,
Without Regard. to Cost!

Ladies Dress-Goods from 5 to
25c. per yard.
Plain and Drocade Velveteens
and Colored Laces for Dress
Trimmings, cheap.
Dress Ginghams, Calicoes, Cot
ton and Flannels at reduced,
prices.
Gents, Ladies and Chilrens
Underwear, Hosiery, Silk and
Linen Handkerchief, Linen Col
lars, Cuffs, Silk Ties, Scarfs and
Bows, at very low prices.
Black and colored Jerseys,
Jersey Capes. Gents and Boys
Knit Jackets and White Shirts
very cheap.
Calico shirts for 39c worth 75c.
Boys white shirts for Al cents
worth 60c.
Splendid line of ladies Coats
and listers will be
CLOSED OUT AT COST.
All other goods in stock at
prices TO suit The times.
]. FRANK KRAMER
nov4tf Francis Street