davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
The Chemistry Of Vinegar.

When the juice of apples or Of grapes
is allowed to remain at rest at moder-
ate temperature, say 60 degrees to 80
degrees Fahrenheit, chemical change
takes place which is called fermenta-
ton, and the resulting products of this
change arc the formation of carbonic
acid gas, which escapes, and alcohol,
which remains in the liquid. This
process is called vinous fermentation.
II now this vinou, fermentation is al
lowed to continue in the apple or grape
juice till no moro alcohol can be found,
and the liquid is still allowed to re-
main at rest at about the same temper
ature, another chemical change will
commence, and the liquid, which was
sweet to the taste before, will now be-
gin to turn sour, and continue to be-
come moro and moro sour as long as
this second change continues. This
second change is called the acetic fer
mentatiou, and tho alcohol that was
formed during the first fermentation is
converted into acetic acid, d tho wine
or cider il converted into vinegar. The
liquid which remains is racked or drawn
off, and is then known as wine or cid er
vinegar, according as it was formed
from grape or apple juice. There is no
other way of making wine or cider vine
gar, and there is no other product than
that made from grape or apple juice by
fermentation to which the name wine
or cider vinegar should be applied.
The acid principle in each of these
kinds of vinegar is the same, viz,
acetic acid, but the other organic con-
stituents of each juice give a flavor
which is sufficiently characteristic to
enable the vinegar to be recognized by
taste and odor. These, however, were
the viuegars of our grand fathers, and
with little searching some genuine
lots can even yet be found; but not over
one-tenth of all the vinegar used in the
whole United States is either wine or
cider vinegar. Il Baltimore Sun.
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
The Quiet Man in the Butternut Suit.

1t does not require great battles or
events of national importance to bring
out the natural traits of some people,
observes tho Kansas City Star. The
other morning small but strongly.
built bulldog dashed into the middle of
Delaware street near Sixth. Foam
dropped from his jaws and his blood :
shot eyes rolled wildly as he yelped and
barked fercely. He was mad as a
March hare. The dog dashed blindly
forward and seized one Of the spokes OF
rapidly moving buggy wheel with his
teeth, and was whirled through the air
and against the ground with force
enough to stun horse, but it only
served to mako him dart about moro
madly and howl and growl more
fercely.
pede 'rians stopped aad looked at
the dog minute and then fed for safe
ty. Women shrieked and made the
best possible time for adjoining stores.
One old lady, with surprising agility,
climbed into buggy standing near.
Big, powerful men, with fists like
sledge hammers, followed the women.
and soon there was hardly soul left in
sight but quiet looking man wearing
buiternut suit and calmly twisting a
straw -colored moustache.
The dog made at him with a fierce
growl and the foam dripping from his
wide open jaws. The little man cody
spat on tho ground and looked around
for weapon. There was nothing
handy but box partly full Of peaches
belonging to an Italian fruit pedler who
had fled long since.
The dog reached the ouvbstone and
gathered himself up like tiger for a
spring. H. leaped at the throat OF tho
little man, but, with indescribable
quckness, the peach box male semi.
circle in the air, and when the shower OF
| fruit subsidized the little man could be
seen, calmly beating the animals brains
out with one end of the empty box.
A big man stepped out of doorway
and said: "Bully for you,' and the old
lady in the buggy climbed. down, criti-
cally looked at the dead dog, and when
she noticed the fine silver and steel col
lar, remarked: Somebody's pet, I sup
pose"
Then huge crowd gathered about
the carcass, and discussed the proper
method of killing mad dog, while the
little man with the straw colored NOUS
tache hit of huge chunk of tobacco
and sauntered slowly away.
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
A Policeman Crushed.

There was jam of people at tho cor.
ner OF King and Yonge streets aud
the crossings were blocked by street
cars. A policeman who had not taken
careful stock of the situation liItel up
his voice and shouted, ''Move onr A
citiz,a with better knowledge OF the
position suggested that the officer should
order the horses to move on.
'.And what would we do with Jack
asscs" queried the cop.
You could make policemt0 of
them,' replied the citizen.
Tho crowd LAUGHED louily, the cop
looked surprised and little grieved,
and dropped his head to think and did
not come out of hi, meditation until the
cars and the crowd had moved on of
their own accord. Toronto Globe.
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
A Well OF Whitewash.

A man living in the shade Of the
Catskill Mountains has entered upon a
new branch of business. He heard that
we'll water could be purified with lime,
and SO he emptied bushel and half
into his we'll and felt blissful an d happy.
It turned out that, because of the dry
ness of the eason, there was only three
feet of water in the well, and ever since
his experiment he has been selling a
good article of whitewash to his elgh-
bors at two buckets for cent, and
walking a mile and half to the creek
for drinking water for his family
[Chicago Herald.
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
An Offer to be Declined.

80 you are a bad man, eh7'
"Reckon you're right, stranger"
''Come from Bitter Creek2"
'That's whar I'm from, and no mis-
take"
mot afraid of anything that walks,
chr
"Afraid! Show me the man"
'Oh, no, l won't show you any man,
but I'd like to take you up to the house
and introduce you to my wife. bought
her pair of shoes that didit mt, and
I'm rather afraid to 60 up alone. y
Hin coin journal.
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
Interesting Mummies

H. Martyr Kennard has presented to
the British Museum two OF the interest
ing mummies which were dug up in the
Fayum by Mr.. Petrie. The larger, that
of Artemiiorus, has very fac painted
portrait of the deceased wearing gar
lani, aud is decorated with three scenes
in gold upon a red ground. Thesma.ler,
that of child, is also exceedingly iu-
teresting. The unusual nature of the
ornameutation and the period to which
they belong (aDout A D. 40O) make
them objects of considerable value and
importance
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
PRICE THREE CENTS.
Study OF an Old Garden.

Bubble like the hollyhocks
Budded, burst, and Hauntei wide,
Gypsy beauty from their stocks;
Morning glories, bubble dyed,
Swung in honey hearted flocks.
Tawny tiger lilies flung
Doublets slashed with crimson on;
Graceful girl slaves, fair and young,
Like Circassians in the sun
Alabaster lilies swung.
All, the droning of the bee
In his dusty pantaloons,
Tumbling in the fleurs de lis;
In the drowsy afternoons
Dreaming in the pink sweet pea.
Ah, the moaning wild wood dove,
With its throat of amethyst
Ruffled like shining cove
Which wind 10 pearl hath kissed,
Moaning, moaning of its love-
And the insects gossip thin,
From the summer hotness MO,
In the leafy shadows green;
Then at eve the katydid,
With is hard, UNMARRIED din.
Often from the whispering hills,
Lorn within the golden dusk
Gold with gold of daffodils-
Thrilled into the gardens musk
The wild wall of whippoorwills.
From the purple tangled trees,
Like the white, full heart of night,
Solemn with ma jestic peace,
Swan the big moon, veined wi b ligh
Like some gorgeous golden fleece.
-[Madisun Carveil
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
HUMOROUS
On the brink-tho abyss.

On the prlnk-tno ABYSS.
Brethren of the cloth-tailors.
The block head is of q wooden frame
of mind.
Another name entwined with victory
Victor.
Clothes do not make the man, but his
wife's often break him.
The ruling passion is said to be very
strong in the Gar of Russia.
1t isn't so much mans s constitution
as his bile laws that are iafringed by
malaria.
An exchange says: "The buttermilk
habit is spreading" So is the butter
habit for that matter.
In storm it is safer to be on dry
land, but during storm is just time
when the land is not dry.
The reporter wrote it "the party was
light and gay" but the compositor
knew better and set it up "tight an
gay"
The rapidity with which tho course
of true love runs in tho country depends
upon the gait the lovers do their court
ing over.
1t is the man who cannot writa who
makes his mark in this world. bud life
is full Of crosses to him if he has to sign
his name often.
The street car of the future may be
run after more sciea tific principles; but
the street car of the passed is run after
most eagerly now.
Things even up pretty we'll after all.
Men throw banana skins on the side
walk, and then the banana skins throw
men on the sidewalk.
A Cincinnati boy gave the following
description of having a tooth pulled:
"Just before it killed me the tooth
| came out"
Foggs: Just look at that absurd hat!
Why it's as tall as stecple! Boggs:
What's odd about that2 Isn't there
belle under it2
Other things have been settled by
scientific research, but no one yet has
ever been able accurately to determine
whether or not big man suffers more
than a small man when he has the rheu
matism.
A livery-stable keeper makes great
boast over the possession of horse that
can be driven without reias. This IS
not a rare equine trait Most horses can
/ be driven without reins The trouble
is to stop them.
"Whcwp' sighed the umbrella, show
sufferl am worn to a skeleton, and
! have had four Of my ribs broken for
/ week" go tor retorted the hat.
'Why, every night of my life is spent
upon the rack"
-"Hushw ho wispered, with warn
ing gesture. 'Isn't that tn, night
watchmaus rattle2' mo, Mr.. Samp-
son." replied the giri, suppressing
yawn, 'that is tn, cook grinding the
coff g for breakfast"
Miss Ethel--Did you have pleasant
time at the Wabash party last night,
Clara2 Miss Clara-Not very, Ethel;
l wasn't feeling at all like my usual
self. danced but four times, and onlT
went into supper once"
-"You'll catch it." as tho mother
said to her son, when the youth broke
his fathers favorito pipe. But she was
wrong. She had forgotten that her son
belonged to an amateur baseball club
and couldn't catch any ything.
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
Safeguards Against Jewelry Thieves.


81 have no doubt that the jewellers
in this city lose $40, 600 or SIS, 900 q
year from ring thieves" said a New
York jeweller few days ago to Sun
reporter. "Tho ring thief is usually
well dressed and respectable in appear
ance. He calls for several trays Of
rings, and whilo he is talking to the
clerk manages to steal ring. 1t is i'm
possible to refuse to place a tray of
rings before a customer, SO Ihave to hit
upon the following schome: Through
each row of rings l run steel rod /,
these rods are attached to an iron frame,
with hinges at one cad and lock at
the other. When a customer wishes to
look at the rings / hand cut this rack.
When necessary, cn take eff any ri g
by unlocking the frame. This has
proved great saving"
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
Rcprisals.

Tradesman Ito o.d gentleman who
has purchased lawn mower) Yes, sir,
FL oil 1t, and send il over imm--
Customer Gmperatively)-No, 10. mol
1t mustn't be oiiedl / won't have it
oiled. Mind thatl / want noisel and,
look here, pick me gu; nice rusty ono.
My niIhbors children loo. and yell
till ten o'clock every night. so-tvi-
ciousy) mean to cut my grass from
four till six avery morning. :
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20

He-'Do you see that peculiar cloud
in the horiz,n9 She-"I don't know
what you mean" 81 mean the one that
looks like dog" "0ycs, Isee it now
It's regular sky torrisr."
The Londonderry sifter. (South Londonderry, Vt.) 1883-19??, 1888-09-20
TIE LONDONDERRY SITTER.

I-Entered at tho Post.ofhce ~ South
Londonderry, as second class matter.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1888-04-15

TIM American ESclangc has gone by the
board, with liabilities estimate at 2i,OoO,pCO.
To those who had any inside knowledge of
the management of the institution the news
was not Il surprise Receivers have been ap.
pointed for the branches in both London AMI
New York, Mr.. Henry L. Giiligg, the vice
resident and manager, quietly sailed away
in the Etruriu for Europe yesterday morning.
Senator llaw,cy was the nominal head of the
American ESrhumge. but he Is In no wise re-
'punsiblc To- is present collapse that being
directly and Justly attributable to Mr., Gillgg
The institution was II great convenience TO
American travellers abroad, and the idea upon
which i was built up is an cNcelcnt one.
Whatever may be the outcome of the legal
steps lust taken, some such institution is GER
tain tu continue, The amount of travel TO
Europe Is now 50 great that there Is absolute
need of some place In London and
Paris, the two grcut foreign ccntcrs,
where NisitOrs can 20 and obtain HCcOmmOla'
t!uns IN tie way at letters Of credit, informa-
tion about the city they may happen TO be In,
aid In the shipment Of baggage and packages
Of purchases, and much clscsthat a traveller
will easily bring to mind The American EX'
change had established correspondents at all
the important points of Europe Their system
of exchange was admirable, aud even Il tenn
r0rary stoppagc Of It's business will be of
great inconvenience TO persons going abroad.
In both London and Paris the officers Of the
company were supplied with comfortable par
lors with postOicos, newspapers, writing
desks and materials, and other conveniences.
These offices were always crowded by Amer
lean travellers in the spring, summer and au-
tumn, But Gilligg got beyond his depth. The
institution was prosperous, and he imagined
its resources were illimitable. lie went into
all sorts of specuutions and lost great deal
of money, When Lawrence Barrett went to
London TO play an engagement three or -four
years ago he made a financial failure. Gilllgs
advanced him about $4,000 without security.
Barrett has never paid this debt, Gilligg had
a weakness for loaning money 10 dramatic
people. lie loaned 100000 to Mr., Henry T.,
Abbey when he was in financial distress, but
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1888-04-15
Good Roads.

One of the most urgent Of the needed i'm
proy,mcnts about Washington is The i'm
pruy,mcnt Of the county roads in all dirsc.
tiers. The season Of the year has arrived
when this work should he done.
There Is not five miles of iirs;-class road
way anywhere within that distance OF the
city limits. With beautiful scenery, clt-
gai fans, handsome country houses in
every direction there /, hardly road lead
ing out uf the city in any direction over
which carriage can he driven with pleas
IRE and comfort To- its occupants.
Nothing adds more 10 the yaluc Of prop
city than good methods of acc">s. The
owners of suburban prop rty should press
ills subject upon the attention Of the all
tloiitios. It is vital question to them aud
is Of great importance 10 the residents Of
the city
First.class roads extending in every dircc
tiCn means n larger, better, aud cheaper
supply OF all classes Of farm products. The
people OF Alexandria aud Fairfax counties
q = standing in their own light II they do
lot at oncc provide good roads to the free
Lidgc. these would enable them to briug
their products more easily and in better
condition to market. would attract hun
drcds Of people to drive over them, and add
largely to the value of their property.
Roads can be constructed so chcaply and
quickly since theinvention Of the Champion
read builder and grading machine, of which
Mr. ". II. Hatch. of Arlington, is tbs
L. a. Z q
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1888-04-15

lnown quantity. lie proved himself
great organizer Of armies. but experience
has taught Americans that man may be a
great organizer and very incapable com
mandcr. That BouGnger Is brave he has
proven ON the battlefield. That he Is
gicGt commander Is a fact yet to be cstab-
lishcd. But no one doubts that the election
Of Boulangci will be threat to Germany,
Bismarck doubts this least Of all.
If the great triumviratG- William, Bis
marck, and Won Moltkc--tha crushed
France was still IN existence the election Of
Boulangcr would be the signal for the
movement of the German armies across the
French border.
But things have ycchanged in Germany. The
emperor, great soldier as he is, is an invalid,
unable to take the field and probably
doomed to a speedy death, Russia, too, Is
Un important factor in the present condition
of affairs. The great Bear is showing his
claws, with million armed men upon the
borders Of the empire aud with grievance.
Germany may hesitate. viii Boulangcr?
Who can tell what to-day may bring for
France and Europe with Its siN millions of
men In arms. aud the French capitalists
hayingnnugcnt IN 81. Petersburg negotiating
Il Russian loan?
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1888-04-15

This is 10 he memorable day IN the history
uf France, and evety American must feel
deep interest in that country when he looks
back to the days when our fathers were
battling with one of the most powerful
nations Of the earth for the independence
which enabled them to establish the great
republic, and remembers how the French
people came 10 their aid.
To-day an election /, held in the depart
mrut of the NOrd to ill Il vacancy in the
chamber of deputies, and Boulanger, one Of
the most noted Frenchmen Of the time, is
candidate for the place.
Roulangcr is not only man, hut he Is a
sentiment in France, and France is ruled by
sentiment When the imbccilc nephew
ol Il great uncle caused the prOstration and
partial dismcmhcrment Of the nation, and
The almost merciless Bismarck imposed an
indemnity upon the country that was in
tended to crush ii for decades Of years, a
sentiment Of hatred and revenge, so natural
that every one can understand II, became
part Of every Frcnchman's life. Boulangcr
represents that sentiment.
Afterycars Of experiment comparatively
"'"i''" "'"' ""7 f'"e.' "' '''' H'"u W.
~, nv, ,", "l''','',,''' W ''i1 "'" I,P"''I
"o ""'''' ,o." ',o"'''' q" .ous'.'op' "ol"'
actively engaged In organizing an army for
offensive operations. That meant some
thi"g TO the humiliatcd FrcnchmCn and
BoulanGcr became the popular idol.
~ .,,' '"'N"l'I"nS 'li"' to'l'c VI recon-
'''u'."E '"''oaH, iIT'",'No' was UNIV .Io'''
p"' %'' ''e.s ,'"'' nv W N''-' 1''
,"'"' Nv ""S ''''',! 'r'''" ''T,' WV "'',,S
,'u ,',,r7 l",,
n,' vi
nv ,,,no,',nmh u,, .,,,,,,ooo,,,, - ut.
,rn,,,,o,t ,yo mr.t L,,nv, sn,not,,iuo nr
n,, nan,a,- ~, u,a .Ionr,,os ,,,I - a.,
,nornor In ,,hi,,, ,,o,. oro oho,on
Tho chamber or lcnuries I. rc,I,y tbo
,nycrpipc powcr in France If "a truc
there is a senate and n president. hut the
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1888-04-15
a Saddcning

Twcnty-three years ago this morning the
country woke up to learn that Abraham
Lincoln had fallen by the hand Of an assassin.
A nation was PROSTATE in grief and terror.
For four long and weary years he had been
at the helm of state, when the clouds We're
dark and threatening and destruction
seemed imminent.
No one can tell what that man suffered
and endured during these years of tribula-
tion and sorrow. The life Of the nation was
at stake and he was expected to preserve it.
just as the clouds We're breaking away,
Just as the sun Of peace was sending his
bright rays to dispel the darkness, just in
the hour of triumph, when the long winter
of discomfort was oyer, this true this great
hearted, this noble man fell.
No country ever suffered a greater loss
than was inflicted upon this by Wilkes
Booth when Abraham Lincoln fell by his
murderOus hand.
The nation sorrowcd then. Let it to-day
prosper, united and happy. Sadly turn back
TO that day twenty three years ago and drop
a tear TO the memory Of Abraham Lincoln!
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1888-04-15
GEN. GRANTS BIRTHDAY.
Its Observance by the Memorial Uni
Nersity at Athens, Tenn.

Its Observance by the Memorial Uni
versity at Athens, Tenn.
On April ~, The sixty-sixth birthday of
Gen. Grant is to be observed with appro-
pirate ceremonies by the Grant Memorial
University Of Athens, Tenn, under the per-
sonal supervision of Rev. John +. Spence,
$. I. D., president of the university. The
Grand Army posts of the departments of
Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama will be
present and take part in the exercises.
Hon. Judge Rea, of Minneapolis, COM
mander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the
Republic, will deliver the Grafton. Distin-
guished visitors have been invited and will
be present from all parts of the country,
and the event is being looked forward to
lege was founded in 1867, as the East Ten
esssce University, in the interest of the fam
lilies of more than 10000 Union soldiers
living south of kentucky. Gen.
Grant was one of the projectors
lie gave the first cash donation, and his
wcll-known signature heads the list. The
present name and amended charter were
adopted by the board Of regents in the
spring of 1856. In nineteen years the in
stitutiOn has turned out over thousand
preachers and teachers. Its property con-
sists Of lands, buildings, and other assets
valued at 100000. Within year it has Sc
cured in cndowments about 100000 more.
1t has eight schools, numbering over |, 100
students. Gov. Taylor, of Tennessee, is
one of its graduates. Among its patrons
are found the ablest men of the nation.
Its work in the central south,n says the
Hon. John Sherman, ''cannot be Over-esti-
mated" 1t is for white students only. Its
graduates are to be found everywhere-at
the bar, in the pulpit, in the professors
chair, in Congress, and in foreign fields.
Grant University seems destined to become
living and durable monument to the name
of the greatest of American soldiers.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1888-04-15
CRUISERS AND GUNBOATS.
Two Boards Appointed to Make the
Changes PropOscd.


BY order of Secretary Whitney two sets
boards have been organized-onc composed
of engineer officers, the other of naval con-
structors-to examine the changes proposed
by the contractors for cruises and gunbOats,
as follows: Engneers-at New York, on the
Concord and Bennington, Chief Engineers
&. Mexican and r. b. IIinc, and Passed
Assistant Engineer IL. n. Stevenson. At
Philadelphia, on the Newark and Baltimore
Chief Engineers ii. w. Fitch, a. II. Able,
and c. Andrade. At Baltimore on the
Pctrcl, Chief Engineer &. II. Johnson, and
Passed Assistant Engineers f.. II. Freeman,
and C.. {. Kleckner. At San Francisco, on
the Charleston and San Francisco, Chief
Engineers +. a. Wilson and W. :. Smith,
and Passed Assistant Engineer L. /. War
burton.
ConstrGctors-At Chester, Pa, on the
Concord and Bennington, Naval Constructor
X. w. Steele, Assistant Constructor John B.
Hoover, and Carpenter John ;. Waltmeycr
At Philadelphia, ON the Newark and Bllti-
more, Philadelphia, and the Yorktown,
Constructor Steele, Assistant Constructor
Hoover, and Carpenter II. NJ \. Mahony.
At Baltimore, on the Pctrel, Constructor
W. II, Narney, Assistant Constructor
Lewis Nixon, and Carpenter Thomas =.
Smith Al San Francisco, on the Charles
ton and San Francisco, Constructor +. L.,
Fernald, Assistant Constructor Joseph
Fcaster, and Carpenter o, H. Hilton.
The engineers will examine all changes
in The machinery Of these vessels. and the
other board, which consists of officers of
the bureau of construction and repair, viii
examine the changes in the huls,