Waco evening news. (Waco, Tex.) 1888-1889, 1888-11-27
METHODS or HOUSE HEATING.


Tho Open Fireplace, tho stove and tho
Eurnacc-Stcam and Hot Water.
The open fireplace is, on several ac-
counts, to be preferred TO any other
means of heating an apartment. 1t
insures, when well constructed, tho
removal of those products of combus-
ton which tend to vitiate tho atmos-
phere, and at tho same time causes
strong current of air to pass from the
room through the chimney, by which
alone tolerably effective ventilation is
produced.
But it has certain Objectionable fea-
lures which preclude its employment
when steady and uniform heat is re-
quired and when it is especially de-
sirable to avoid irregular currents of
air. II is therefore not adapted for use
in large rooms, such as hospital wards,
where many sick persons arc present.
The warmth from fireplace is not
generally diffused throughout tho
room. Tho heat is almost entirely
communicated by direct radiation, and
consequently while that part of tho
body turned towards the fire is heated
perhaps to excess, the portions not cX-
posed to the rays of heat arc not sulii-
GENTLY warmed
Stoves not only heat the atmosphere
by radiation, but also by conduction,
and hence any organic matters which
may be suspended in the air arc vola-
tilted on coming in contact with tho
heated metal. In an open fireplace
great portion of the heat, amounting
generally to as much as 80 per cent,
is drawn up the chimney, but that
given off from stove is retained in
the room to much greater extent. a
serious objection to stoves is that US
tho air surrounding them becomes
heated and specifically lighter it as
cends to the ceiling, and therefore tho
lower strata of air contained in room
heated by stove arc never SO hot as
the upper
Furnaces placed distance from the
apartments to be heated, generally
under them, arc notifications of the
or1inry stove, differing only in tho
fact that air is brought to tho stove
heated by conduction and then al
lowed to ascend to the rooms through
pipes or flues If proper precautions
are taken to insure a full supply of
fresh air from the outside to prevent
the mixture of the gases from the fuel
with the hot air and to provide sufii-
cient moisture, this method Of warm
ing is not very Objectionable.
The chief disadvantage of steam as
9. heating agent consists in the fact
that it is difficult to regulate the tenn
perature. Tho pipes must be kept at
Pig dogs. Fahrenheit or condensation
Of tho vapor at once takes place and
water is formed. In passing from
state of vapor to that Of a liquid steam
parts with its latent heat and becomes
sensible, and thus the temperature of
the pipes is raised. The latent heat of
steam being 1000 degs., great source
! of heat is thus at commands; but if the
pipes arc allowed to cool again below
PIP degs. fresh portion of steam is
condensed, and so on till tho whole of
it has been converted into water and
has parted with all its latent heat.
Hot water affords another excellent
means for obtaining artificial warmth,
and tho principles upon which the
process is conducted do not differ
essentially from those which govern
the last described. Pipes arc arranged
in connection with q boiler containing
water. Heat being applied, those
particles Of tho water nearest to the
! source of the heat first become warmed
and at the same time specifically
lighter. If this water were allowed to
escape there would be constant nc
cessity for replenishing the boiler; but
after it has lost portion of its heat it
is returned to tho boiler and tho pro-
1,>
ranged in coils, contained in boxes
under the floor communicating with
tho external atmosphere. A register
in the wall or floor allows the hot air
to enter tho chamber DIR. William A.
-