davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

Naddodr, Norwegian viking, discovered
iceland in $50, and four years later Garthar
Syafasson sailed around it. Ten years later
Norwegians colonized it, but soon found that
Irish Christians had located there at least
$50 wears before. Their record adds that the
remaining Irish left "when tho Morse pagans
came" The Norwegian settlers were dlsa1-
fected citizens, unwilling to submit to new
form of government just established in Nor
way. and in 92S they made Iceland a repub.
lie: but 354 years afterward they renewed
allegiance to Haco, king of Norway, Iceland
retaining her separate legislature In l'o!
Norway and Denmark were united, and
when again divided Iceland fell to Denmark,
tn which it is still attached. In 1874 the Ice.
iandcrs celebrated the 1,OOOth anniversary OF
settlement, which attracted visitors from all
rarts of tho world. The first era OF cold and
famine is but imperfectly reported, but abous
1T50 series of calamities began, including
volcanic eruptions. Nearly all the domestic
animals died. and the population shrunk to
20 600 Prosperity returned. and the popu'
Lotion soon exceeded 100000 Now it has
sh,7,uk to 5000, not by famine this tlme'
but by emigration. .,,o
Tho climate is remarkable. Though the
Arct;c circle touches on the north, the aver
ace winter, in the valleys, is mllder tnan
rot of Ohio. while the summer Temperature
verv rarely exceeds 60 degs. The ice drnts
from Greenland lodge on the nortn anu
northwest coasts, usually IN feofua'S aA'sA
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
AFTER THE STORM-

Nearly 1000 CT these misguided people,
chiefly from Great Britain, reached the Mis-
souri, too late in the summer and were urged
to wait till the next year; but pursuant 70
revelation" Of one Of their priests, the,
started in August to travel with hand cart.
to their ''Zion!" Less than one-third OF
them were young and able-bodied men:
about half were women and children; only
four had ever been across the plains. Tbs
wretcbed mass of fanatics started to traverse
1,100 miles of mountain, plain and desert in
the closing months of the season! The SHOWS
Of winter came on that year month earlier
than usual; blizzard overwhelmed them in
the worst part of the Rocky mountains. The
strongest struggled on toward ':Zion;n the
weakest fell and died, men dragging their
children on hand carts in the forenoon and
dying before night. Three hundred of them
lad died when relief party from Salt Lake
reached and rescued them; and some 200
more were manned in various degrees, by
the loss of feet, fingers, ears or ewes. Such
were only the most prominent tragedies.
Volumes have been written. and MANY more
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16


time in Manitoba before crossing into the
United States. Near Sioux Falls, in the
same territory, are few Icelanders: there
IS another settlement in Iowa, and still an
other in Wisconsin, while in Manitoba the
dourishing settlements of Gimli. Thinpvalla
and New Iceland contain several thousand of
the same people All these settlements. in
Doth countries, have much the same history.
ana illustrate the painful fact that for the
third time in its history Iceland is threatened
with depopulation. For the third time the
climate Of that strangely interesting island
1s changing for the worse; and this time the
change is so prolonged that scheme is pro-
Jected in the Canadian northwest to bring
All the remaining $4,000 in Iceland to the
new world. The extinction of such people
Would be calamity to the sentimental. and
we may well refuse to believe it possible: for
no doubt remnant will remain, will find
life much more tolerable when the surplus
population is removed, and, when nature
again becomes genial, will thoroughly re-
people the old land.
Iceland is the most interesting island in the
world. About as large as Ohio, it contains
as many volcanoes as this continent: and
with a population never as large as a con-
gressional district, it has produced more poets
and romance writer's than any state, and has
history as fascinating as that of any ma
tion. When all Europe was sunk in the bar
barism that followed the northmen's destruc-
ton of Rome, Irish priests and scholars
founded religious community in Iceland;
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
JAMES REDPATH.
SKETCH OF THE LIFE AND WORK
OF A GREAT LIBERAL LIGHT.

For More Than Three Decades This
Sturdy Soul Has Fought for What He
Has Thought to Be Right and just as
Between Man and Man.
For more than thirty years James Redpath
has patiently investigated all the problems of
mans nature and destiny as social being,
and has fearlessly given his radical conclu-
Sions to the world. rld..zz......-..----
In all that time he has been on the side of
the people as against privilege. of the slave
against oppression and of struggling patriots
alike in Ireland, Italy and Russia, Cuba and
the United States.
Whatever may be the final Judgment of
mankind on his most advanced social theo-
ries, ," it is unanimously conceded that he ex-
amined subjects diligently and wrote fear
lessly. He was never, apparently, without
hope; he seemed never to doubt that the
larger liberty he advocated for this or that
class or race would be wisely used and prove
for the benefit of all classes and races In
short, he has maintained the broad doctrine
that the overthrow of despotism was as good
for the despot as for his victim.
Mr.. Redpath has at various times been a
conspicuous figure. A few years before the
war he suddenly came into prominence as a
trenchant anti-slavery writer. When the
usual charge of the time was made, that he
knew too little of the practical relations of
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

in 1856 for conspiracy Squire was then
commissioner of public works, and it was
JUDGE LAWRENCE. RoLL1N N, SQUIRE
MAURICE B. FLYNN.
charged that he practically sold out his office
to Flynn. The basis of the charge was a re-
markable letter, here copied in type:
NEW YORK, Dec 26, 1884,
Maurice B. Flynn ESQ.,:
DEAR SIR-1n consideration of your securing
not less than four County Democracy aldermen
who shall vote for my confirmation as commits
sioner of public works, in the event that tho
mayor shall send in my name for that office, I
hereby agree to place my resignation as commits
sioner, in case Of my confirmation, in your hands
whenever you may desire the same; and further,
to make no appointments in said office without
your approval, and to make such removals
therein as you may suggest and request and to
transact the business of said office as Won NAV
direct Very truly yours,
RoLL1N N. SQUIRE.
On Aug. 10, 1886, Flynn and Squire were
indicted for a misdemeanor in conspirine to-
gether, and on Aug II Squire was removed
from office by Mayor Grace The Indictment
was found during the incumbency of Dis
trict Attorney MARITIME, and the acquittal
was the ending of the first trial of alleged
Offenders against the municipality that has
come up since District Attorney Fellows suc-
ceeded to the office.
Squire and Flynn are called the two
Dromios, because they look SO much alike.
Squire is the poet. He carries his muse
about with him, and scribbles verses in such
a srspt, ecstatic way" that he forgets all
about them the day after. Flynn, however.
is just the reverse. He is plain, practical
man, and IS noted for his shrewdness.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
COURSE OF EMPIRES STAR
OCCIDENTAL MOVEMENT DURING
THE cENTURY,s FIRST HALF.
Filling Up the New States and Terri-
tories-Freemont's Pathfindfne Expei1f-
=.
tions-The Movement Of tho hormons
Toward the Setting Sun.
1aksa61|IZ|E:: 80 80 "a: 8 :
HE first half of the Nine
1eenth century closed
with a westward move
ment in the United States
without parallel in his


Religious fanaticism and greed for gold
played strange drama on the broad theatre
between the Missouri and Pacific coast: in
some phases it was a comedy, in many a
tragedy, and in all series of startling and
dramatic transformation scenes. In 1874 46
Col. John c. Fremont gave to the world his
first general impressions of the far west; in
1s40 48 about 10000 white people, chiefly
from Illinois and Missouri, as if seized with
an uncomfortable impulse, rushed across the
pains AMI mountains to the Mexican district
of California and the disputed land of Ore
gon; in 1877 about 10000 exiled Mormons
crossed to and located in Utah, and in 1848-49
all the loose footed adventures of the nation
turned themselves loose for the placer gold
mines OF California. This last movement
continued with scarcely any decline till 1852
In five years about 400, 600 people crossed the
plains.
Gold was discovered in California in Feb
ruary, 1s48, more than half year before the
Mexican war was officially ended and Cali
fornia made American by the treaty of
Guadaloupe Hidalgo; but it is great popu-
lar mistake that this discovery caused the
beginning OF the overland movement-the
white pioneers Of California were already
there. In many Mormon sermons and state
papers the assertion is made that 1--WE broke
the roads to these valleys" and the Mormon
pioneers did reach the Salt Lake on July %,
1847, but 200 white Americans had crossed
to Oregon and northern California in the
four previous years Gen. John 81. Bidwell
and his party located his noted ranch near
the present Chico, Cal, in 1916; and Oregon
had provisional Estate government two
years before Salt Lake City was founded.
Congress set it back into territory By act
OF Aug. IA, 1848, and the new government
was organized on the arrival Of Governor
Joseph Lane, March 3, 1849. California was
q state with $4,000 people at least three
years before the Indian title was extin-
guished in eastern Kansas; and SOC, 600 white
Americans lived far to the west of the
Rocky mountains before the first stake was
driven in the city Of Lawrence. Hence arose
this very curious state Of affairs: But q
little way west Of the Mississippi settlement
ceased; on the Pacific coast again were rich
and prosperous settlements, and between was
the great unknown, 1,2O0 miles Of desert and
mountain, rock and sand, treeless plains and
barren mesas Across this, in ..prairie
schooners," }" went the great immigration from
1850 to 1869, the Union Pacific railroad be-
ing completed in May of the last year.
It was curious immigration and pro-
duced curious development. From the
line Of the Missouri, settlement extended
regularly westward, and from the Pacific
coast the surplus Of miners and adyenturers
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
Keep the Stable Free from Olors

Attention is again called to what ought
to be well known fact-namely, that
nothing will keep stable so free from
odors as the free use of dry earth.
Everybody who keeps horses or cattle will
find that it pays, with interest, to keep on
hand a plentiful supply of fine dry soil to
be used daily. A few shovelfuls of earth
scattered over the floor after cleaning will
render the air of the apartment pure and
wholesome.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
Curing Side Bacon.

In handling any of the products of the
hog care must be exercised to kill the
animals on a cold, frosty day, and see that
the carcass is thoroughly relieved of its
animal heat-but not frozen-before it is
cut up. This is an important point; hence
special attention is called to 1t. The fail
ure If much meat to keep IS due to its be-
ing handled on a damp day, with warm,
muggy atmosphere. Another source of
failure is the packing down of meat before
it has become thoroughly cold through
and through. It often happens that the
surface of the meat may become actually
frozen before the animal heat has all been
expelled from around the bones. Such
meat is sure to spoil.
The large pieces of side meat for smoked
bacon are best cured by dry sailing on
platform made for the purpose. On this
platform spread a layer of salt an inch
deep; rub each piece of meat thoroughly
on the sides and edges with salt, and lay
the skin side down on the platform.
When the first layer of meat is completed
sprinkle a good layer Of salt over it, and
then rub and lay down second layer in
the same manner as the first, and SO con-
tinue until all is packed. Finish with
generous layer of salt on top of the pile.
:s;.t ought to be taken of ana
cd With salt three or four times dur
the process of curing and replaced CO
al first. This rubbing may be done in a
wide shallow box containing three or four
inches of salt in the bottom, which will
be found quite sufficient for the purpose.
The time for curing varies from five to
eight weeks, depending on the thickness
OF the pieces of meat and temperature of
the room where it is kept. In cellar
with an even temperature meat will take
salt m2ch sooner. than in a cold room
with an occasional freeze, and it will be
well to test the curing by cutting into a
piece before taking it up for smoking. The
smoking requires about ten day rs. Hickory
wood is the best fuel for the smoke house,
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16


and nl,c:l civilization had revived in onlv q
few -lleisscrranean provinces, and that but
fecb!.;, Iceland was in it's golden age of poets,
preachers and scholars. There is good evi-
dence that Columbus obtained his first ideas
Of the western world in Iceland, and there is
undoubted history that people Of that race
discovered America long before the
Spaniards. Once in its 1O14 years OF au-
the1ftic history blight fell on Iceland, its
population sank to minimum, and for 200
years it had neither scholars nor historians;
at another time the cold increased for term
Of years and threatened general destruction,
and now the same phenomenon is being re-
peated, with the additional evil that tho ice
flow from Greenland comes later in the
season and has formed a permanent mass
against the north side of the island.
No class of foreigners become American
lied SO rapidly and easily as the Scan
dinavians. This is true Of the Swedes,
Danes and Norwegians, and re-eminently
true of the Icelanders. Those in Manitoba
are enthusiastic for the confederation, and
liberal supporters Of all English Canadian
schemes of progress; they have several news
papers in their own language, and maintain
good schools and churches. In the three
Icelandic townships in Dakota are some GOO
voters, and the high standard Of intelligence
is remarkable. In the church library in the
little village of Mountain containing less
than fifty houses are several hundred vol
umes in English, French German, Nor
wegian and Icelandic, Greek and Latin, and
the resident preacher (Lutheran) is a most
accomplished scholar, both in the classical
and modern languages. There is no country
in the world, probably, where education is
so universal as in Iceland; the morals of the
people arc good, save the one vice of the
ScandiSavians. We may judge the extent
of thai from clause in the latest trade re-
port to the effect that the import Of brandy
has ''declined to twenty-four quarts per
capita!' If the $1,000 people in Iceland
must leave there (which all scholars will
pray may not be) Manitoba could not get
better settlers, and should they follow their
knsmen into tho United States, they will
add valuable element to the much COM
uosite Yankee.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
MISS IDA /. GRIFFIN.

She Is q School Commissioner in Oswego
County, N. Y.
A portrait of Miss Ida L. Griffin, who was
chosen a school commissioner of Oswego
county, N. Y, at the recent election, will not
be uninteresting to those who take an inter-
est in the progress of women. Miss GrifIin's
canvass was so well conducted that she re-
ceived majority of Sl2 in 3,5OS votes. The
defeated candidate at first undertook to con-
test the election, on the ground that Miss
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
ASKING FOR WORK.


strong combination-Chief Engineer Arthur.
OF the Brotherhood Of Locomotive Engineers.
and General Manager Stone, of the Burline-
ton road. Chief Arthur has for a long time
held the locomotive engineers with steady
hand and managed their affairs SO as to merit
general commendation. Manager Stone fear
lessly opposed the striking knights at east
St. Louis some few years ago, and carried
the railroads interests through successfully.
It is not the policy Of the engineers to
strike. Chief Arthur is opposed to strikes
on general principles; but he gave his con-
sent some time ago to the strike on the
Brooklyn Elevated railroad, which strike
ended in failure. And he gave his consent
to the strike on the Burlington road.
The Burlington road is one of the longest
in the country. It is over 5000 miles in
length, and employs 5000 pce'sons. The
Brotherhood Of Locomotive Engineers con-
tains some $1,000 members in the United
States, Canada and Mexico. The Brother
hood is so large, the duties performed by its
members are SO important, and require SO
great skill that the organization has kept
aloof from that general combination of
workingmen, the Knights of Labor, and
from their younger rival, the Federation. In
the recent Reading strike the Brotherhood
men did not hesitate to step in and take the
places of the discharged Knights; and since
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
NO g7B

March, but for many years past they have
remained through the summer, so chilling
the air that no considerable crops could be
raised in the northern valleys The only
grain used is imported; but heavy crops Of
vegetables are grown The wealth Of the
country is in cattle and sheep, fish and BIRDS
The latter are wonderfully numerous, among
them the elder duck, whose nests are strictly
protected by the people. The white bear
often comes on the ice from Greenland.
Such are but few Of the interesting points
of Iceland. Its literature is so voluminious
that we cannot even give list of the more
important of its books,
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
Beet Sugar in California.

Recent reports from California make it
appear that Mr. Claus Spreckels is in earn
est about attempting to produce beet sugar
on large scale In that state. Beet seed
has already been widely distributed among
the farmers, and mandatory costing
$4,000 is promised to be in operation next
fall It is claimed that this plant will
have a capacity of producing 81, 600 tons of
sugar annually.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

Griffin was not a
man; but SO
S tanch was her
support that tho
gentleman, being
given to under
stand that if the
elected cand idate
did not get the Of
fee he should not
have it, gave it up,
and Miss Griffin .
was suffered to en-
ter upon her duties.
Miss Griffin is
the daughter of a
veteran of the war
for the Union. and
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

Is 0I yes11s U1
Her father died in 1875 The daughter sup
ported her mother and paid her fathers
debts by teaching district schools. In 1850
she was graduated at the State Normal
Training school, at Oswego. When norai-
mated for office last fall she was teaching at
Marcellus, " Y The candidate took ground
in the canvass OF equal rights for all, regard
less Of seS. Miss Grifiin's salary is 81, 200
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
NEWSPAPER DECISIONS

y. Any one who takes paper regularly from u
Poetomce-whether directed to his name or another
Or whether he has subscribed or motifs responsible
=. 1t person orders his paper discortlnued. h.
must pay all aIrearaees, or the publisher will cone
tnue to send payment is made and collect th
Office or not. >' VIC
3. Thecourts have decided that refusing to take
tnenewspapere or periodicals. from the Postofce OF
1nemovlng ana leaving them uncalled for, 10 prime
fGete evidence of intentional fraud, 81 ~
Tapers ordered to any address can be changed to
an0tner ADDRESS at the option of the snbecriber
hemittances BY draft check, money order or reeie.
tered letter. may te sent at our risk All Posmastere
are required to register letters on application,
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

down q portion Of
the Union Place
hotel, an old land
work, and built in
its stead the Union
Square theatre.
The house W as
opened with a me-
lange called "Ulys-
ses; or, the Return
Of U. s. G., !" in
which Felix Rog-
ers personated Gen.
Grant. Then Har-
rigan and Hart,
followed by the
Vokes family and
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

WITH a testimonial
by the New York
Yacht club, in the
form of q silver
tankard, with han
die and cover.
The base is COM
posed of corals, sea-
weed and shells
BIO Idly grouped.
The handle is COM
posed of tho rose
of England, the
thistle Of Scotland
and the shamrock
Of Ireland, an allu-
sion to to the VIC
tories won from
the Genesta, Thistle
and Galatea. The
inscription reads:
Presented by the
New York Yacht
club to Capt.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

master and negro,
he boldly accepted
the challenge to in
vestigate it; he
traversed the dis
tricts where slaves
were most nu1ner-
Gus, talked with
men Of both colors
and all classes, and
fortified him self
with minute data.
The result appeared
in 1859 in a work
entitled, s'The Row
~
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16

Alice Oates, occupied the theatre during the
summer.
Lied Astray'' ran 214 nights, and the Sec
ond season opened under the proprietorship
Of Sheridan Shook. The 1.-TWO Orphans''
ran from Dec. l, 1874, to June Is, 1875. In
the stock were Clara Morris, Kate Claxton,
Rose Eytinge, Charles Thorne, Jr., Stuart
Robson and Mckee Rankin, all since stars.
Nearly all the plays which subsequently be-
came famous in America were given at the
Union Square, Since 1SS4-5 the theatre has
been conducted as high class combination
theatre by j. NJ Hill, the enterprising west
ern man who brought out Den Thompson
Uncle JOSH and Margaret Mather. Just be-
fore the opening of the recent season some
SIC, 600 was spent in renovations and refit-
tiuPS
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
THE UNION SQUARE THEATRE.

Something AbOu: the Burned Play House
and Its Manager.
The Union Square theatre at New York.
recently destroyed by fire: faced Union
square, was in full view of the bronze
equestrian statue of Washington. on a
tongue of built property on Fourteenth street
between Broadway and Fourth avenue. In
1871 Mr. Robert N. Butler, a variety man.
aRer, began work on the theatre hy tearing
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
Death to Malaria.

A decidedly hard frost always puts an end,
for that season, to the danger Of exposure to
malarial influence in the region where it oc-
ours
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
GREAT CONFLICTING INTERESTS.

Facts Relating to tho Eng.neers' Strike
ON the C. h. 4 Q.
Two strong men were pitted against each
other at the beginning of the great strike ON
the Burlington road-each representing a
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
TO LEAVE THELAND0FICE
WILL THE HARDY SONS AND pA,,cu.
FERs OF ICELAND MIGRATE,

efo As Plan ON Foot to Tran.ro,+
."0 Entire Population of the 1s,apd
'o'ooo Souls, to Manitoba-some re.t.
ures of the Land and Race.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-03-16
AcoUITTAL OF SQUIRE AND FLYNN.

It is causing a Good Deal of Talk In the
City of New York.
The acquittal of Rollin NJ. Squire and
Maurice B. Flynn is being discussed with
great vigor by the New York newspapers
and by some that are not in New York. It
will be remembered that they were indicted