The Ohio Democrat. (Logan, O. [Ohio]) 1886-1906, 1888-09-08
The BLACK DIAMOND.
The Almost Incomprehensible Magnitude
OF the worlds Coal Industry.

put NJ 4ZU,OOO.OOU tons, OF which Grea0
Britain does 100, ,00O,0 900, the United
States 100000 and Germany 76,.
GOO, 600 of tons. The production in the
United States is divided between thirty
one States and Territories, the largest,
OF course, being Pennsylvania, which
last year gave us $4,000, 900 of anthrn-
cite, and 10000, 900 Of bituminous. In
money value the output In the United
States is safely $5O,0o0,0OO in the
markets where used. This Is greater
than the value OF the gold, silver, cot
ton, and petroleum produced in our
country. The first mention of the dis
covery Of coal in the United States is by
Hennepin, who mentions finding 1t in
Illinois when on his travels from the
great lakes to the Mississippi, at or
near the place now known as Ottawa.
Father La Sale does not take much
stock in many Of the reports of Hen
nepin rs put down in hie discoveries,
but the result has shown that in this
instance, at least the truth was record
ed. 1t Is is put down as ''cole" mine.
Colonel William Byrd, in his history of
Virginia, tells of its discovery in that
State in the year 1701, being found in
what is known as the Richmond basin,
although 1t was not until 1880 that it
was worked for sale and use. Anthra-
cite was used during the revolutionary
war at Carlisle. It was transported
from Susquehanna, from the vicinity OF
NJ kno ot,n f,Q Qo< &c A.,
mercial venture, however, it was not of
any msment until 1920, when the first
coal was sent by the Lehigh canal, in
1926 by the Schuylkill canal, and in
1929 by the Delaware and Hudson
canal.
1t is only within a few weeks that the
semi-centennial of ocean steam naviga-
tion has been held. In 1888 the steamer
Sirius, OF 700 tons register, 1,34O tons
burden, arrived at New York. 1t took
her fourteen days, and she used 600
tons to make the voyage. Now we
have the Etruria, with a burden of
7,718 tons and using 1000 tons and
making the trip in six days. It is
stated that the exports from Great Brit
ain for the use of foreign steamers is
7,OOO,O 600 tons annually. At New York
alone the ocean steamers take on $780,
600. tons, while If we took into consider
alton the vessels on the rivers, the in
land lakes, and the coast, we might
make the sum total 1O,OOO,OO0 TONS
The railway companies of the United
States furnish the next largest con-
sumer. 1t is stated that 22,00O,O0O of
tons are used annually by the railways
of the country. Iron may be set
down as the next largest consumer 1t
is safe to say that 100000 of tons
were used in making pig-iron in the
United States last year. The produc-
tion OF coke in the United States is set
down at 100000 of tons for last year,
and this would represent 100000 of
coal. Gas-making in the United States
is another large consumer and might be
put down for 5,00O,0 900 of tons. Now,
the remainder can be credited to what
we call domestic consumption, and
from careful estimates and statistics
which have been gathered it is seen
that two tons per annum per inhab-
itant is about the average consump-
tion, particularly in the larger cities.
What is a million of tonsp Did you
ever stop to consider what is meant by
that phrase? just fancy, if you can
grasp the idea, that last year we mined
100000, 900 OF tons in the United States
alone. This is a large tonnage, and
you hardly know what to make of it.
One million of tons would represent
q string of gondola cars, twenty-five
tons each, forty in train, and
thousand OF such trains. They would
stretch across this continent running
only mile apart. 1t is, no doubt,
difficult to grasp the idea of this
quantity magnified 120 times. If you
can do so then you have some idea of
the extent and magnitude of our fuel
consumption in the United States.
What is it worthP We can best answer
this question by giving the value at
the initial point of production, as the
price varies with the distance from the
mines. Taking the $4,000, 900 tons of
anthracite coal produced last year, at
a value OF $3.50 ton, would be a fair
basis, and the s., ,000,0 900 of bituminous
at $1.25 per ton. 1t takes an army of
273,OOO persons merely to produce and
prepare this commodity for the mar
ct, to say nothing Of those who are
engaged in the traffic after it has been
produced along railways, at shipping
points, in the yards, etc. 1t is safe to
say that 80 per cent. Of the selling
price at wholesale is made up of wages
paid. The main source of supply Of
hard coal is found in five counties in
the State of Pennsylvania, there being
detached base in three other counties
OF the same State. The general area
OF country in which this fuel is found
does not exceed 470 square miles.
There are five principal railway lines
centering in these districts, which
afford distributing facilities to all parts
Of the United States. The average
annual increase in the production has
been at the rate of 5 per cent. per
annum within the last few years,
although at times it has jumped to 10
per cent, per annum. The distribu-
ton made is in proportion of 60 per
cent. to Pennsylvania, New York, and
New Jersey, 20 per cent. to the New
England states,, 10 per cent. to the