davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

A chicago clergyman, in a recent sermon
on The vice Of groa; cities, gave severe rap
at certain eminent divineS who have been in
the habit of visiting the slurus to obtain
ocular evidence Of their iniQuity Il have
not personally visited the vile places of the
city for the purpose Of afterward preaching
about them said he; that is too thin
Whereupon tho congregation sudibly smiles,
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
I,airies:

AlRFIELD DAIRY Qormerly Westham). Il
n. Seventh street, and ll6 T.. Main street
Fresh milk, cream. butter, butter mi'k, Az
cheese.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
Contractors aud builders

]. A. GRAsDERGER, lil5 T.. Franklin street
Al work guaranteed.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

kerosene VIII soften boots and shoes that
have been hardened by water, and render
them pliable as new.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

Those who are troubled with sleeplessness
should, If strong enough to do 50, take long
walk in the evening
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
CanXaAGnniis.

John j. GERfNG, corner OF Fourteenth an,
Main streets. Tents, awnings bags, horse au,
wagon covers.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
Carnenters and RniIders;


WILLIAM G. FULLER. lll0 T.. Cary street
Special attention to repairing.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
Grain and Cotton Exchange.

RICHMOND, VA, February Z.
OFFERINGS REPORTED TO SECRETARY.
Wheat, 230 bushels.
Corn.-l ,0S6 bushels.
Oats 900 bushels.
Peas.-20 bushels.
SALES REPORTED TO SECRETARY.
heat-Mixed, 30 bushels common on
private terms.
Corn.--White, 900 bushels very good on
private terms 20 bushels very good at Gle.
Mixed 10 bushels good at 69c. Total sales
of corr, ,036 bushels.
Peas-20 bushels blackeye on private
terms.
COTTON REPORT.
Market dull.
QllOtnfio,.s -Middl.ng. lOEc.. low mid
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

Fish is made more disestible and has It's
flavor brought out by few drops of lemon
juice squeezed over 1t.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
Chicago Grain and Produce Market.

Reported by C. L. Redford & Co. Grain
Commission Merchants. No. 8 South Twelfth
street.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
Hay, Grain, SC.


Hay, Grain, &C.;
WALTERJ TODD, i26 y. Sixth street. Conf
signmcuts of country produce solicited.
Iron Works.
ASA SNYDER u CO.. zoos 10 1914 Cary Street
jewellers:
A. C. HIGH. 1925 f. Main street. Watches and
iewelry neatly repaired.
Loan Offices:
ELLIS ADRIAN. 9l6 T.. Broad street. Money
advanced on personal property Office closed
from Friday at shutdown TO Saturday at
SHUTDOWN.
Locksmiths;
JOSEPH DELARUE. s02 L. Main street. a,l
hanging and general machine repairing
Models Tor patents.
Lumber
JOSEPH +. WlNGFlELD. dealer in lumber
and all kinds OF mOudihgs and general
building furnishings. BIZ lumber cut to
order. ONCE, corner OF Broad and Laurel
streets. Richmond, Va.
Marble Workers;
WALLEN Is WRAY. Seventh and Grace
streets. Monuments. tOmbs. marbloiLcd man.
ties. &c.
Mattress Manufacturers:
ADAM DIACONT, 2Oo T.. Marshall street.
Wholesale and retail. Repairing neatly and
promptly done.
I. +. (SEbIE) CRENSHAW. G0l East Broa
street. mattress maker and upbfl>teTer
wholesale and retail. Repairing nca, and
dumbiy done.
Mineral water Bottlers:
CITY DOTTLlNG HOUSE, 40 w. P:~al
street. Manufacturers OF Vanilla PLOaldiu
and mineral waters.
Paints. OILS. sc.
RICHMOND PAINT STORE, f. Broad ia, %
Paints oils, glass, and painters supplies.
Paper Hanging:
g. J. DAVIS ~ n. Ninth street Sut a..
awnings, Oil-clOths and paper hanging.
Plumbers. Gas and Steam Filters
e. +. REDfObD, 1910 T.. Main street. Pract
cal plumber, timer. gas and steam filter.
I. &. TINSLEI. Az Brook avenue. Steam and
gas lifting. Timing, &c.
Railroad Ticket BROKERS.
CRAWFORD x HAYES. 1915 East Main
street. Railroad and steamboat tickets 70
all parts OF the world bought, sold, and
exchanged.
Real Estate Agents;
a. j. BRADLEY CO. Thirteenth and Hui
streets, Manchester Agent for the Peters
burg Savings and Insurance Company.
@. :. VASHON ~ son. No. y. Tenth street.
X. b. CHAPLIN i CO., No. / n. Tenth street.
J. THOMPSON BROWN IL co, lll3 4. Main
street.
Rubber Goods;
VIRGINIA RUBBER CO., 5l8 f. Broad street
Betting, hose. aud all kinds OF rubber goods
Rubber Stamps:
ATLANTIC RUBBER STAMP NANUFA
TURING Co, 1877 +. Main 81. Manufao
turers and importers OF stamp novelties.
OLD DOMINION RI BBER-STAMP WORKS
800 Bank street. Agents wanted; send for
circular.
Sign Painting:
D. 3. THOMPSON, Franklin street, under Elk
change Hotel. Advertising sign artist
Board fence and wall signsa speciality.
f.. LIPSCOMb. No. % y. Ninth street. sigu
painting aud gliding on glass.
Soap Factory:
X. GARCIN & Co, lii6 Franklin street (es, t..
hrhcd 1850. Toilet and Laundry soaps.
Taiiors:
4. W. STAGE. Twelfth street, under A America an
Hotel. civic and military tailor
Undertakers.
"a. II. MORRIsETT. No. Il Seventh sussi
Manchester. Phone. JUo.
Wire Mattresses and Cots.
+. W. LOWE 22li Z. Main street manutactu
rer OF Champion Woven Wire Mattresse.
and Cots. The best and cheapest in the mar
ket.
Wood and Coal
ELIZA COAL YARD (Elba station. L. Can
and Pine streets. W. ;. Pitcher, agent. A.
kinds Of Coal, Wood, and Coke. 1oo
nboue. Hal.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

Candy Manufacturers
OLIVER Il. DYER. ga L. Marshall street,
wholesale and retail. Sole agent for the
Cherokee Cough Drops.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
Csrboiic Smoke BAN Company.

Office, l20 North Eighth street. Richmond
Free test. Once hours Gam, pm.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

EUtoIetSf
WALTER T.. BRAU Err. stall No. l.. FRS
Market. Smoked beef tongues speciality
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

lTlIty InstfumcntaIlsisI
The National Opera numbers go persons.
New and Elaborate Scenery, Costumes, Eleo-
trical and Mechanical Effects, &c, &c.
n D.--Sale OF tickets for the entire three
performances only Will commence at VI. Is.
hamos Co.'S music store next Monday, Feb
ruary 9th, at am. and continue three days.
Tickets for single performances Will be sold
NJ the box-ofiice OF the Academy Of Music,
commencing Thursday, February 9Th, at
Z ain.
Prices 81, g., $3.50, and g. according to
location
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
Roofs and shoes.

Boots and shoes:
]. K. TEASDALE, 1918 T.. Main street. r.
ESQ and 6 mems and az and $50 ladies'
shoes.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

Market dull.
Tobacco Market.

-MhTkUI VUII.
Quotations Middl:ng, l0lc; low mid
ding. 9ic.: good ordinary, 9l6c.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

RICHMOND STEAM BAKERY. X. Adllr.
proprietor, II $. Twelfth street. WholeSal
and retail.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
DIRECTORY

DIRECTORY
or RELIABLE
BUSINESS HOUSES.
The Directory 5elop Of reliable and COCA
business houses, gicing their location and
business, sciH be found rery useful as source
Of reference for Information reldtiUs {. M
and all the different branches Of business.
Analytical Chemist:
Or. HENRY FROELING. IL ). Twelfth stree
chemist to Chesapeake and ONO and hici
mOnd and Allegheny railroads. Special III
tention To ores and mineral waters.
Architects:
81. j. DIMMOCK, llO3 Z. Main street Coz
respondence solicited.
BARRIERS:
WILLIAM II. GARDNER. 5l8 T.. ~ "a
street. Hair cutting, dyeing, shsvln
shampooinR.
Bakers.
RICHMOND STEAM BAKERY. X. Adnr.
proprietor. II $. Twelfth street. WholeSa1
and retail.
Boots and shoes:
J. X. TEASDALE. ljl5 +. Main street. Bc
ESQ and g mems and 81 and $50 ladies'
shoes.
Butchers:
WALTER T.. BRAUER. stall No. l.. First
Market. Smoked beef tongues speciality
Candy NanufactureFs
OLIVER B. DYER. ga L. Marshall street
wholesale and retail. Sole agent for the
Cherokee Cough Drops.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08
EMPLOYMENT Agencies

FTI'IFs
j. Y. JUSfiS, y y. Fifteenth street, az Q
agent. Established lSis.
Hardware and Carriage Goods:
\. h. CLARKE x son, 1910 Fast Main stre5t
Agents tor Imperial chilled pows.
Harness and saddlery:
W. NICK BEDFORD. l{02 T.. Main street.
sign of the Horse. ManuiacturcrGnd whole
sale dealer.
Hay, Grain, &c.;
WALTER J. TODD, f26 y. Sixth street. Con,
signmcuts of country produce solicited.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

BARRIERS:
WILLIAM II. GARDNER. 5l6 T.. ~ a
street Hair cutting, dyeing, shsvin
shampOoinR.
The Daily times. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1886-1889, 1888-02-08

IL ~" TT T II = TIT "IIT'ITTt 10 W.
Harness and saddlery.
, 1888-09-11

Sunburn without Heat.

Ironworkers, glassworkers and others
are constantly exposed to a heat of 400
or 800 dogs. F., and yet do not become
burned, and there can be little doubt that
the enormous radiation from heated rocks
and valleys, in addition to the direct rays
of the sun, make up al amount of heat
far greater than is ever experienced on
even a very sunny snow slope, and yet
one does not become sunburned. No doubt
the surface of the snow reflects and dis
bursos much heat, but certainly far less
than it receives, as neat rays are absorbed
and rendered latent by the snow melting
and evaporation. Experience fully cor
roborates this, for one may lie on ones
back and freely expose the face for long
periods to the sun and yet remains un.
burned. There must, therefore, be some
one factor in sunburn han heat alone.
In discussing the subject with Professor
TyndaD he added the very interesting and
significant fact that he was never more
burned on snow than while experiment
ing with the electric light at the North
Foreland lighthouse, where there was no
heat sufficient to produce such an effect.
| am aware that sometimes, In peculiar
conditions of the atmosphere, the direct
suns rays will burn. l nave met with
some singular instances where several
persons have been burned on the same
day, even in England, who had never pre-
viously suffered in that way. | am fur
Their aware that sometimes, not always,
in "a dead calm on a ships deck, one may
be severely s~unburned, and that in boat
ing the same may occasionally happen.
Masks and wells nave long been used as
q protection on snow. and are more or less
successful, brown wells and glasses in my
experience being the most efficient. AS
bearing up this l may mention that a
friend of mine, after an ascent on snow,
had an enormously swollen face, and l OBJ
served that in the general swelling there
were many pits and Impressions, and that
each pit correspondent to q freckle. The
irritating rays had been intercepted by
tho brown color of the freckle.-Nature.
, 1888-09-11
LOADED SHOTGUN SHELLS.
With Peters Patent Fastenings for Cartridges
Pattern Improved. Penetration Increased. Recon Diminished and
Fouing of Gun Chamber Prevented.

The Peters Cartridge Company
Has the sole control in the United States of the Peters Patents, both
as pertaining to Loading Machines and the lamentations for securing
the load IN the shell. The machines are run by steam and are auto
matte throughout. The wads are of elastic wood felt, perfectly
fabricated. They are cut several sizes larger and compressed into
shell in the act of loading. The extra size and quality of the wads
hold back and develop the full strength of the charge, and render
regular working capacity of sixty cartridges per minute, and may
even be run at a much greater speed and do good work. Having a
steady and powerful movement, the wads are seated level, and with
proper pressure, while the charges are uniform. The lamentations
for holding the load are made at the moment of greatest compression
The superiority of this method of fastening over the ordinary crimp
has been proven by searching tests. 1t has been found to improve
pattern, increase penetration and prevent fouling of shell chamber
and leading Of shoulder. The recol is greatly diminished. Indeed,
the method of fastening and the whole work of the machine produces
the very perfection of Shotgun Ammunition. The most fattering
testimonials are coming in from all parts of the country. Amateur
and Professional Sportsmen are alike delighted. For sale by
DRAPER. ORGAN & co.
, 1888-09-11
Spring chicken at the Saddle Rock.
A Cas- shirt 30 cents. Greentree.

Should you be troubled with blotches
or pimples appearing on FOUR face, try
Beggs' Blood Purifier and Blood Maker.
1t will positively give you a smooth skin
and clear complexion. Sold by w. N.
Hunt, druggist.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-06-09
x Would Abolish the Oath in. Law.


 Said a prominent lawyer the other day; "The cath in law should, 1 think. 6e abolished. H las retained its place upon the theory taat 1t tends to secure the telling of the truth, but it does not. jave Seen for thirty years constantly aboGt couI $ of law, and 1 unhesitatingly e2y that any person conscientious enough to regard an oath will tell the truth without one, and fer those who may Lc restrained by the fear of punishment for perjury the statutes can be so amended as to make lying upon the witness stand or the subscription of false afidavit9 in legal proceedings punishable by the same penalties now attached to perjury.
 During the thirty years that I have named 1 have carefully watched the course of legal morality. and tell you that perjury becomes daily more com mon and the cath lighter and more per- functorY. Theclerk drawls out the form of cath without pause or punctuation. The witness, with falsehOod deliberate and rehearsed in his heart, drops his right hand. takes the stand, the lie comes ghbly to his lips. and some mans prop erty, reputation or liberty are sworn away for dollars or for grudge.
 ''The inconsiderate profanity of the angry or drunken man is harmless when compared with the indolent indifference with which officers administer and the black perjury with which witnesses take the oath. If we cannot make lying in judicial proceedings less. let Us at least make it more decent and less profane.-- Detroit Free Press.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-06-09
RuIes tor aeadinr wIth Profit.

To reed with profit calls for no elabo- rate rules and no cast iron system. It requires only these two things: First. that we shall read intelligcntly, and to that end that we master what we actually do read; and, second, that we follow up whatever interest may bc aroused in reading, 50 as to make the general tenor of our reading illustrate itself. Any per son who will faithfully follow these two simple ruies for one year will bc surprised at the extent, the diversity, and the con tinuity of the knowledge he has acquired; and others will be equally astonished at the culture of mind and the felicity of speech he has attained, Within Q short time there will be few subjects upon which he will not be prepared to speak with pleasure to himself and others, be- cause there will not be many subjects on which he is not more CT less informed. and of which he has not more or less c&- tensively thought As Q method of ac- quiring the almost forgotten art of con vcrsation no method of profound study could possibly surpass the simple method of self culture we have indicated. For the greatest charm of cultivated conver- sation is facility in apt and striking illus tration, such as nothing but extensive and intelligent reading can impart. St. Louis Republican.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-06-09
A DECREASING BIRTH RATE.
Some Interesting Facts Concerning tll
 Crovtb of tbe tIDit.6 I-iDgdo,n

Some Interesting Facts Concerning the
 Growth of the United Kingdom.
 An eminent British statistician. Mir. MulhaIl. has contributed some interesting information lately on the subject of the growth of the United Kingdom, which contains ct the same time. many cncour- aging and diScouraging facts. Air. hIulhall finds. for instance, that while tho popula- ton cf the United Kingdom is increasing only 12 Pcr cent. per decade, its wealth is growing g per cent during tho same time, its trade g, and its shipping 67.
 h vital statistics it is shown that the death rate is rapidly decreasing, that fewer children die and that people live to much greater age than formerly. But what particularly strikes Mr. Mulhall and alarms him for the future of Great Brit ain is the fact that the proportion of births to the population is steadily de- creasirg and has been decreasing for years. Births per 1000 of population fell off about 19 Der cent a year ja tho period 1891-G5, as compared with 157G- S0, wbile tho marriage rate declined only 12 per cent.
 Mir. AIulhall recognizes the fact that thesc figures "givc ground fer aa apprc- heEsiUn of physical decadoncc. lLd calls upon the British Medical association to make report upon it at the next session.
 Examining the figures by geographical divisions, hc finds that the natural in crease in population, or the excess of births over deaths, is at the rate of 14.3 , per 1000 inhabitants in England and Wales, i3.9 in Scotland and only GA in Ireland. This is especially significant in view 0f the fsct that marriages arc not as child less in Ireland as in England, and more children are born to each marriage; but on the other hand. the marriage ratc iiss Ireland is now the lowest in the world, and steadily declining in consequence of the emigration of men and women in the birth rate is very unfavorablc to the country, the decrease in births amounting to 55. 900 per year, as compared with the last decade.
 Such facts Gs these arc always alarm ing. but q low birth rate seems to come with civilization and wealth. France has reached nearly Q stationary position in re- gard to population, the number Of births being just sufficient to keep up the population. New England has about reached that state, and its popula- ton would ia c,l probability decline but fo: immigration, and lIr. Mulhall' figures world indicate that Great Britain. which in t.lc rast poured forth millions of people to colonizc the world, is rapidly approach ing that condition of physical decadence where tho number of births will bc barely sufficient to prevent a decline in theropu- laion of tho country.--New Orleans
Arizona silver belt., 1888-06-09
Tho Lick CcInscnnc.

Nk2t Ihc Lick telescope vii Go will Ge2c-I cl Elcl who E2vc the handling Of 1t. l. will not make discoveries of itself. Al that c2n Eo said of it i5 Gl:t it will place i1 the hands of painstaking com potent observers the best means now in existence of scanning tho heavens. If they Go rot t;:ra the means to account it will not Ec tl2c fault Of the telescope. In times r2st come small telescopes have made more important discoveries than Gtand to the credit Cf some of the large telescopes of OUT day. But this il not be- cause the small instruments were better. but because il proportion to the progress of exploration the urc1Qlorcd area Of the heavens naturally dininishcs. There Is less to Eo discovered now than there was il tho time of tho elder ucrschcl.
 Nor is it logical to dcridc large tele- scopes because Lord EooSe's great i:lstru- rlcat las added little to is early ncbular discovery. His telescope is powerful. but 1t ij not C--act or accurate, and every observer Erows that cS2ctncss and pre- cision il 0 telescope ZIG even moro i'm port2nt than powcE. Professor Davidson saya that Lick telescope wiA unveI stars of one degree fairtcr magnitude than can Ee detected by the instruments now. .ia use. This would be no small gain. A correspondiDGly increased power ought to add to our knowledge of Mars, which is tho planet of most immediate interest to observers on this globe.-San Fran cisco Call.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-06-09
The Psychic Man and tho cosmie.

It is not the fashion just DOW to ad- miro wholly vital men. Tho ideal man is d disembodied affair. But VIC Gansc not forget that come of the granGc55 types were nagni1iccntly vial, with large Gp- petitc3 and G,s--,;c;;iing impulses.
 Your Ghalles3calc3 end vour Coc.hc5 were lo,:crE~l furnaces that shook r.; l,l,. violence cf ter combustion tAc delicate machinery they propelled. To;:r Tqndei H,aJ Lll-e ;.I c2i whose roots G~c ia a r.o- r2as but whcGo lr22ches G-c il Ecavcn. And from St. Tayl to Jo,il Knox We shall havc to follow tllc events Of Lis-o-y by t.Io great vsstal captains G.2t helped to ruG,-c t.
 I leave t to e2sthc;ic rict;srl to cay, if iI is3 czz-jort3 to establish the purely psy' hic r2Ga it i5 ret iH danger of 2bolish;rg tic coszlic Elan.-Nym Crinkle in New York World.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-06-09
Tho Oval, as q Climber.

The Hill DyGlza of Borneo arc expert climbers. Mir. uornaby, while collect ing specimens of natural history, saw a Dyak ascend large tapang tree, five feet III tdameter at the base, straight as ships mast, and without the smallest limb CT knot for 120 feet up.
 The man went up inc tree to secure a bees hest hanging from the under side of the lowest limb. The nest was simply a large, naked, triangular piece of white comb.
 A Dyak ladder had been put Up the previous year, and reached from the ground to the branches. It consisted of seven twenty foot bamboo poles held al most end to end alongside the trunk by sharp pegs driven into the soft wood about two feet apart.
 The pegs were driven first on one side of the poles and then on the other, and to them the bambcos were lashed by rat tans, which hell them firmly about eight inches from tlIc tree. These pegs served as the rrlng3 of tho ladder.
 Tho builder must have been q bold man, with nerves of steel lie w&s obliged to let the ends of the poles over lapa few feet in order to build tic ladder with safety to himself.
 The completion of tho ladder was most difficult. Cl;nging to the slight banboo pole, 100 feet from the ground, he hauled up the last bamboo, twenty feet long, drove in the peg, lashed tho lower end Of the pole to 1t, and then a5cended that shaking bamboo to fasten it at the top.
 The Dyak honey hunter fastened to his back a basket to receive tho honey, Max ing up his torchwood, with which to srloko the bees out of tho nest and away from himself, he ignitcd 1t, slung t by cord from his neck, 50 that it would hang below his feet, and started Up the slender ladder g
 Hand and foot he went up, peg after peg, with noncilalant caso which would havc done credit to the most daring of sailors. Even that sailor would have been pardoncd if he was little shaky, while climbing tall factory chimney by the lightning roI.
 On reaching inc lower limb, 123 feet from the ground, he too!l his torch il one hand, waved 1t toand fro, C2til it smoked freely, and then crawl2d out along tho bare branch until he was in reach Of the coveted nest.
 E,za.-:,,:-,;-lsc; i! G-st on enc sidc, cId then on the ct2c-, Le shcu.2I (;owl e c!2eer- fully t.3 # l.J c,1s;25 he'd been nothing. No icI.eyl'
 Leaving inc comb C::to,:cl;cd, Eo Ge seconded, vT:;;h g c:.l.lc, and reached t!lc ground v-iiout tho le2st t-emor.- Youths Companion.
Arizona silver belt., 1888-06-09
The 1nwardness of Bad Blood.

The laity believe, as a rule, that cutan- eous diseases result from ''bad blood, " the impurities of which find exit through the skin, and in so doing tako the form of an eruption. Consequently, it is harm ful to remove them. I have had, says a specialist, patients express themselves as very solicitous about the sudden cure of a disease of the skin; the consequence, in their opinion, might be disastrous by the ''driving in" of a disease that might attack an internal organ. Nothing could be more absurd, for it is absolutely inn possible in this sense to either ''drive in" or ''drive out a skin disease. The blood has little to do with skin diseases. There arc diseases as peculiar to this organ as to any other, entirely localized, depend ing upon changes in the tissues them selves. Others are caused by parasites; still others by nervous disturbances. It is evident that tho much lauded blood purifiers for cutazcou3 diseases age. to say the least, useless. Journal.