davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
How the Air Brake Works.

Said railroad man to me: cpl bet
not one in a hundred of the people who
travel on railroad trains understand how
the pressure of air is used to apply the
brakes to a train. When the air brake
was first invented the air was turned into
the cylinder under each car when the car
was to be stopped, and the pressure was
exerted to force the brakes up against the
wheels. But at the present day the
brakes are held against the wheels by
springs, and the air is turned into the
cylinders to push the brakes away from
the wheels as long as the train is in mo-
ton. When it is desired to stop the
train the air is let out, and then the
springs apply the brakes and stop the
train. This last method of using air
pressure has great advantage over the old
way on the score of safety.
Whenever an accident happens to a
train, one of the first effects it is apt to
have is to rupture the air pipes leading
from the engine to the cylinders under the
cars; and that of itself stops the train in
stantly. 1t is very important for every
body to understand this matter, because a
child years old can stop train in thirty
seconds, from any car in the train, if he
simply understands how. You will see, if
you look for it, that there is sort of
rope projecting from the toilet room OF
every car. That connects with the air
pipes under the train. If you catch hold
of it, and give it little jerk, it will stop
the train before it has gone 200 yards.
ChicaQO Journal.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
The True Gentleman's Portrait.

The following was found in an old manor
house in Gloucestershire. England, writ
ten and framed, and hung over the man
tel-piece of sitting-room: "The true
gentleman is Gods servant, the worlds
master, and his own man. Virtue is bis
business, study his recreation; content
ment his rest, and happiness his reward.
God is his Father, Jesus Christ his Saw
iour, the saints his brethren, and all that
need him his friends. Devotion is his
chaplain, Chastity his chamberlain, So,
briefly his butler, Temperance his cook,
Hospitality his housekeeper, Providence
his steward, Charity bis treasurer, Piety
his mistress Of the house, and Discretion
his porter, to let in or out, as most fit.
Thus is bis whole family made up of vir-
tue, and he is the master of the house. He
is necessitated to take the world on bis
way to heaven, aud he walks through with
it as fast as he can, and all his business
by the way is to make himself and others
happy. Take him in two words-a man
and Christian-Ee.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
The Scotch RagnineS.

Here is true account Of the origin Of
bagpipes. Although the bagpipes are de-
scribed as the original national instrument
of Scotland, where it had its origin, the
statement is entirely incorrect. Its use,
in fact, dates back to very remote period.
being identical in character with the ''as-
cuIus" of the ancient Greeks. 1t was
atterward intr oduced into Arabia and an
cient Italy. Indeed the word "sympho-
MA" mentioned in the book oil Daniel, is
by some antiquarisns believed to refer to
species of bagpipe. 1t was not known
in Scotland until near the end of the six
teenth century. The first authentic men,
tion of it being in connection with the
battle of Balvinnes in 1894. 1t has been
assurted that bagpipes were used as mar
tial instruments at the battle of Bsnnock-
burn, but according to Froissart, each
soldier then wore a little horn, with which
be made a most horrible noise. Some
maintain that bagpipes were first brought
to Scotland by Mary Queen ofScots. One
thing, however, appears certain, it was not
known "over the border" until after it had
fallen into disuse in England.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
PURE, HARD AND BRILLIANT
Brazilian Axis Cut Pebbles.
For sale by Hales & Boyne, Charlotte.

They are a natural stone, almost as herd as a
diamond, take high polish, will not scratch, nor
will moisture collect on them in warm weather.
They confer braliancy and distinctness OF
vision, with an amount of case and comfort not
hitherto enjoyed by spectacle wearers
They neutralze and prevent the irritating rays
of light from entering the eye.
They improve, strengthen and preserve the
sight. thereby resting the optic nerves fn1 in
very many cases preventing headache.
On account of the purity of the material OF
which they are made, they cause no dizziness or
wavering of sight. Every pair warranted.
The common, inferior Spectacles, which are
sold and bought, regardless of their quality Or
accuracy, are made from inferior material or i'm
perfect Lenses discarded from better grades,
they stimulate heat, irritate and fatigue the eye,
they retract the rays OF light unequally and fail
to correct all optical defects.
We wish to impress upon the public the i'm
portance of taking good care of their eyes, and
never neglect using glasses when the first symp-
toms of failing sight appear. Every genuine
PAIR is stamped with Trade Mark BP. The Peb-
| bles are set in Gold, Silver, Celluloid, Steel,
Nickel, and Rubber Frames For sale BY
HALES & BOYNE,
jewelers. and Opticians. Charlotte, N. G..
March 25. 1887.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
The Flea.

Fleas love dirt, and in it they flourish
and multiply most abundantly. But in
spite of st. Dominic's curse and their un-
clean haunts, they are interesting little
fellows. Let Us put one under the mi
croscope. 1t seems to be clothed in a sort
of armor formed of brown overlapping
plates, that are SO exceedingly tough as to
be almost indestructible. Its head is
small and very thin, and it has single
eye upon each side. This eye is black,
and the rays of light scintillate within it
like sparks of fire. Puget managed to
Look through one of these eyes, and he
found that it diminished objects in size,
while it multiplied in number man ap-
pearing like an army of fairies, and the
flame of a candle becoming thousand
tiny stars. From the shape of it's head,
to use only one eye at time. The often
sive weapon of the flea is composed of
two palpi, or feelers, two piercers, and a
tongue. When it feeds it stands erect,
thrusting this sucker into the flesh, and it
will eat without intermission until disturb
ed, for it voids as fast as it swallows its
food. 1t is interesting to put several in a
glass, and, giving them a piece of raw
meat, see them all standing on their hind
legs to suck up its juices.
Their manner of breathing is still un.
determined, bat it is thought most proba-
! bic that they receive air into their bodies
through small holes at the ends OF the palpi
The legs of flea are marvels of strength
and elasticity. They are joined to the
body by long tendons that act like wire
springs. In making it's leap, which, it ID
said, can cover two hundred times its own
length, the flea draws the leg close up to
the body, and then throws it out with
great force; but the impulse proceed:
increasing it by their stretch while the
lean is being made,
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Beaver Colonies in Norway.

Two beaver colonies have just been dis
covered at Amid, near Christiansans,
Norway. On the bank of river the
beavers have made lodges of branches of
trees, which are held together with clayey
mud, the whole resting on logs of wood.
The entrance, hole, faces the river, bat
is below the surface OF the water. Round
the entrance there are numbers of aspen
and birch trees, the bark of which has
served as food for the animals. The beaver
gnaws the tree about two feet from the
root, and if it finds the bark to its taste
cuts the tree up in pieces from two to
three feet in length, which the animal then
drags or carries down to its house-pro.
ceedings which are fully demonstrated by
the many "log-runs" in the woods along
the river bank. Observers have also no
ticed another remarkable habit of this In
teresting animal, viz, that on arriving by
the water side with such load of wood it
will poise the piece on the back OF its neck
and swim with it right into the lodge,
where the bark is gnawed off and slowed
away for winter use. This accomplished,
it will shoot the log into the river. The
largest trees the animals have dealt with
in this manner are eleven inches in dame
ter. The colonies are situated far from
human dwellings,, where people only come
in winter during the timber-felIing sea-
son.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
What Keeps Some Young Men From
Rising in the World.

Some of the greatest drawbacks to the
success OF young men arise from their self
concelt and their unwilfingness to accept
advice from persons OF experience. In
fact, so common is the fallacy of self-suffi-
cient smartness among the youthful, and
the corresponding disregard OF advice
from the aged, that it would almost appear
as if our race were, in this manner, doom
ed to be retarded in its advancement. If
each generation were to start with the full
advantage of the experience of the one
which preceded it, it is impossible TO con-
ceive the height OF prosperity and happi-
ness at which mankind would ultimately
arrive. But it seems 10 be as difficult to
endow with the wisdom of threescore the
youth OF fve-and-twenty as it is to train
the muscles OF child OF six years old to
the energy and endurance Of fulI-grown
man.
Nevertheless, we do not despond over
the case of those who naturally repel ad-
monitions from their predecessors. There
is at least one medium through which
good counsel presents itself without any
circumstance which predisposes men to
despise it, and that is the newspapers. 1t
is from the reiterated efforts of the press
IuoG VIC W lOOh lOE
provement in this respect. In proportion
as the young indulge in judicious reading
they will learn to reflect soundly, and
will see the absurdity OF closing their un-
derstandings against the experience of
those who have gone before them. In
the same measure, by being made extern
sively acquainted with the abilities Of
others they will be led TO think much less
of their own requirements, and to put less
value on their own capabilities Of action.
Occasionally, we see young men who
seem to step at once, as it were into the
sagacity of the aged, and it is always
seen that they prosper in proportion as
their conduct is regulated by the admoni-
tions of prudence. They engage in their
occupations with GOODNESS and delibera-
ton, patiently waiting for opportunities
Of well-doing, and taking care to avoid
those false steps which precipitate others
from the eminence they have partially
gained. While the greater proportion Of
the young and thoughtless are dropping
aside out of the ranks and disappearing,
they are steadily persuing their way,
shutting their eyes and their ears against
the various allurements that beset them,
and so, by the time they have reached a
mature manhood, they are already in the
possession of those comforts and that hon
orable station that are the reward of vir-
tue, industry, and good judgment.-N y
Led0er
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

az An old gentleman of Detroit was
passing through the ceremony of taking
his fourth wife, the other day. At the
impressive climax of the good preacher
mans part in the performance, somebody
was heard sobbing in an adjoining room.
"My goodness!" exclaimed one of the
guests in dramatic whisper, "who on
earth is carrying on this festive occasion?''
"That?" replied mischievous member of
the experienced bridegroom's family,
"that's nobody but EN-. She always
boohoos when pas getting married"
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Dec. 8, 1887
Administrators Sale and N Office

Having qualified as Administrator of the Es-
tate of Mrs NJ McGahey, deceased, will sell on
the 10th day of January, 1888, at her late resi-
dence in Lemleys Township, in Meckienburg
county, all of her Household and Kitchen Furni-
ture. Terms made known on day of sale.
All persons having claims against the said
Estate will present them to the undersigned be-
fore January 1st, 1889; and those owing the
said Estate will please come forward and settle
j. NJ. WILSON,
Dec. 23, 1887. CIV Administrator
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

a. The deepest we'll in this country
is at Northampton, Mass, sunk by Beld'
ing Bros. & Co., silk manufacturers. 1t ia
800 feet deep and inches diameter. At
a depth of $50 feet from the surface a sed-
imentary sandstone was struck, which con.
tinued the whole depth, aud water was
never obtained. At St. Louis there is q
we'll $3.50 feet deep, which yields an
abundance of sulphur water.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
ALL OUR GOODS

ARE TO BE CLOSED OUT.
Dress Goods, Clothing, Shoes, Hats, Caps and
everything.
Good Brogans at 85 cents per pair. 200 pairs
Women's Goat Shoes-our former price $1.75.
we now offer at 81 25 80 pairs 81 25 Shoes at ST.
Pant Goods, Fannels, Underwear, and every
thing at prices that will astonish you at their
cheapness.
A nice all-wool Lady's Wrap at sass, in four
different styles.
Come in. Too many Goods to ennumerate
but a call will convince you.
HARGRAVES s. ALEXANDER.
Dec. 9, 1887.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
SALE OF LAND.

By virtue of authority granted to me by Ira
Alexander by a Mortgage dated Dec. 10, 1884,
and duly registered in the Office of the Register
OF Deeds in Book 40, page 1G7, will sell at the
Court House in Charlotte, for cash, on Monday,
January 9th, 1888, the LAND described in said
Mortgage, towit: Tract of about go Acres,
on Big Sugar Creek, joining the land of T. Hovis,
Jno. r. Wilson and Others, and known an tbe
Ray place.
VIM. TODD,
Dec. y, 1887 5w Mortgagee.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Mortgage Sale.

By virtue of two Mortgages executed to Lid
dell & Company by A. W. Reid, and registered
in the Registers Office of Mecklenburg county,
in Book 46, page Alp, and Book 81, page 1873,
respectively we will sell at the Court House
door in the city of Charlotte, on Saturday. the
14th January, 1888, the LOT described in said
Mortgages, situate in the town of Matthews, N
G. Terms Cash.
LIDDELL 8 CO.,
Dec 8, 1887. 6w Mortgages
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

gB There is no better test of purity
aud true goodness than reluctance TO
think evil of ones neighbor, and absolute
incapacity to believe an evil report about
good men except upon the most trust
worthy testimony.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

"a A good thing to feed the animals
in winter is good, sound lumber, free from
cracks and knot holes. Nail this lumber
over the exposed places and it will feed
the COWS and horses all winter. They
won't literally eat the lumber, OF course,
but it will take the place of feed that
would be otherwise required to keep them
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

sH Manners form at last a rich var.
nish, with which the routine of daily life
is washed and its details adorned. If they
are superficial, SO are we dew-drops which
give such depth to the morning mead..
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

az Censure and criticism never hurt
anybody. If false, they can not harm
you, unless you are wanting in character,
and if true, they show q man his weak
points, and forewarn him against failure
and trouble.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

w st. Augustine kept on his table
this inscription: "Let him who loves to
speak evil of the absent know that this
table is unfit for him."
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

"a There are men formed with feel
ings SO blunt that they can hardly be said
to be awake during the whole course of
their lives.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Dec. 2, 1887
BUY THE BEST.

We now have on hand large stock of the
celebrated "Elkin" Blankets, Jeans. Yarns and
Socks.
Remember we are Agents for these Goods,
and they are the best and cheapest sold on this
market
Ell. KEESLER s. CO.
Oct IA, 1887.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
REMOVAL.

ELIAS & COHEN have removed their Goods
into the Brown Block" I'd door below their
old stand, where they will be pleased to see their
friends and customers.
They are Agents for several large Manufac-
turing establishments in the South, and are ready
to fill orders for Plaids, Cotton Goods, &c.
Charlotte, Dec. 80, 1887.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
WHOLESALE e HOUSE
OF
S. WITTKOWSKY,
Charlotte, N. G.

The old adage has it that Success makes the
Hero" and if gagged by that standard may
claim to be "a Hero" as a "Wholesale Merchant"
as my efforts in that line, aided by Pluck,
Patience and Money, enable me to proclaim to
all the world that have had unprecedented
success this Fall, and 1 take this occasion to
thank my many patrons and friends.
hereby announce to the "Trade" that am
now in full blast for the Spring trade-have
placed orders and already bought outright "for
cash" over $4,000 worth. part of which is in
transit from the mills and factories, and for q
part of which the samples are already in the
House. This is early-but as the early bird
catches the worm, so does the early buyer, who
has Money" get the bargains
BY the middle of December my Statesmen will
take the road in Georgia, Tennessee and both the
Carolinas with Spring and Summer samples OF
Boots and Shoes, as intend to out-do all former
seasons.
Further particulars will be given the public al
later date.
S. WITTKOWSKY.
Dec g 1887
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Cough Syrup.

You will not cough if you use Kings Pectoral
Cough Syrup. Sold only by
BURWELL 8 DUNN,
Dec. %, 1887. Druggists.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
THE STAR MILLS,
GharIofta- N. c.

O101 1VGGO9 1Ns Os9
best Corn Meal and Mill Feed,
and deals in all kinds of Grain.
The Mill is situated near the Railroad crossing
on East Trade street
Nov II 1897 yr
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
SLOCUM'S

Psychene and oxygeniEed Cod Liver Oil, infalli-
BILE remedy for Consumption AID all disorders
of the Throat and Lungs For sale by
r. II. JORDAN & CO.,
Dec 9, 1887. Druggists
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
DIR. Kings

Blood and Liver Pills are superior to all
Others -
BURWELL & DUNN,
Agents for North Carolina
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Rubber and Leather Betting.

We have large stock and complete assort-
ment of sizes of Rubber Betting on hand. War
rant every foot we sell and guarantee our prices
against any House south of Baltimore.
HAMMOND s. JUSTICE.
Oct. IA, 1887.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

Hoods Sarsaparilla
And all the leading PATENT MEDICINES
for sale by
March 26, 1885.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Pierce's ReadY-M1xed Paint

Is the best in use-16 lbs to the Gallon-an
Colors. Sold only by
BURWELL & DUNN.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06
Job Printing and Book Binding.

We have secured the services of an experienced
and first-class Book Binder, and will for the
next 80 days make specially of rebinding old
Books, Magazines, Papers, Periodicals, etc, in
the latest and most approved styles Now is the
time to have all such work done Cheap.
CORRELL, CORMACK 8 CO.,
Practical Printers and Binders,
No. 4 s. Tryon St., Charlotte, N. G.
Sept %, 1887.
The Charlotte Democrat., 1888-01-06

Nov. II, 1887.
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-09-14
Mining Application No. 2087.
u. S. LAND OFFICE.

L. 5. LAND OFFICE,
HELENA, Nj. T., july 80, 1883.
Mitchell, whose postofaee address is Deer
Lodge, Deer Lodge county, Montana Territory,
is Warm Springs, Deer Lodge county, Montana
Territory, and Frank carnes, whose postofhce
address is New Chicago. Deer Lodge county,
Montana Territory, have this day filed their
and forty-four tl444] linear feet of the BEL
LARE lode mining claim, situated in no organ
lied mining district, Deer Lodge county, Mon
Of the said mining claim, designated BY an off
cial survey thereof as Lot No. SO, In Township
No. 8 North, Range No. IL West, of the princi-
pal base and meridian for Montana Territory,
said Lot No. SO being more particularly set
forth and described in the official field notes and
plat thereof on file in this Office. as follows, to-
wit
1858 for corner No. l, from which the Sc
cor. Of Section 1871. 9 n R; 10 W., bears N.
f. fSen sss 5. e e % asg ~ y; m 4oS e. III III r tss.; !s sSenes
s. Al deg. as min. p. 600 feet; thence N. 4S
as min. w. 600 feet to corner No. / and the
courses 20 deg. 80 min. E: Containing an area
of 1889 acres, all claimed by the above named
applicants.
in the Office Of the County Recorder of Deer
Lodge 90 county, M. t. in Book P of lodes, on
The adjoining claims, if any, are unknown.
Any and all persons claiming adversely any
portion of said Bellare lode, mine or surface
ground, are required to file their adverse claims
with the Register of the United States Land
during the ten weeks period of publication
hereof, or they will be barred by virtue of the
provisions of the Statute.
Magnus Hanson U. S. Claim Agent.
,blicatioa Alg.3, 1883. 995 lot
The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1888-09-14
The Kingdom of Scrub,

Mary was commended for having chosen
''the better part" Still, it may not be in
consistent to say a word for poor Martha.
Her tastes and inclinations may have been
those of the housekeeper. II 50, she was in
her place-a good place-a most necessary
one-a position requiring talent, method and
executive ability. Artists, poets, painters,
rulers ard magistrates must eat to live, and
they need that their food be prepared in the
very best manner and by the person best
qualified for that calling. 1t should not be
the cookery Of drudgery or forced and dis
tasteful labor. 1t should be the combination
whose chief seasoning is that cf love-love
not only for those who are served, but love
for the work and the art itself. Give to the
Marthas of today their share of appreciation
and commentator, and not infer that all the
"better part" belongs to the Marya
Mary possibly sat in the parlor, and there
allowed her talent rest and quiet, in which it
could grow. Martha possibly scrubbed and
wore out body and soul in scrubbing and
worrying over spots on the floor notscrubbed.
II you fix all your energies on o scrubbing
brush you will be kept in the kingdom Of
scrub, and become at last only a %scrubbing
brush yourself or the director Of one. You
will also be kept out of some idea and far
more profitable field In which to use your
powers. People are kept down in the world
and kept poor by attaching IN undue impor-
lance to matters Of relatively little moment
There are Marthas today who would be shin
ing lights did they not allow themselves to
be overwhelmed by that overstrained care
Of the house, which RACES at sight Of a mud
mark on the carpet Neatness can run into
mania, and use up lifetimes in polishing
tin pans. The empire Of the household (as It
Is one) We may govern, but it must not gov
ern us Prentice Milford in Now York
Star.