The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1888-12-08
THE STREETS OF PARIS.
THE METHODS BY WHICH THEY ARE
CLEANED.
Interesting Suggestions That Should be
of Value to tho Authorities OF Nom
phis-Sanitary Regulations--How the
Streets are Sprinkled.

OF bridges and Roads by L. soulcrin. Engineering
NoN.
/. Personnel There are two chief en-
pineers, each at the head OF a division;
eight engineers, aided by iiity-ono assist
ant engineers and sixty-one sub-assistant
engineers, in all IL agents. Tho work Is
supervised by the general inspector OF
bridges and roads who is head Of the De-
partment of Public Works of Paris, and
the whole personnel costs, exclusive of
engineers salaries, 100000 francs, or about
$4,000 per annum.
Q Material and Dsiniectonis.
are kept, for the first division, in a central
store, and all implements and compounds
are classified and delivered against receipt
TO the division engineers, who are respon-
sible for them. In the second division
there is similar store for each section.
The disiniectants are chloride of lime, sui.
plate OF zinc, sulphatc OF iron aud car
boic acid: muriatic acid and nitro-benzole
are used Tor cleansing.
For decomposing the volatile compounds
OF organic fermentation the chloride OF
lime proves an excellent dsinicclnnt, be-
ing specially efficient for iecal or putrd
matter. For cutters IL is used IN twenty
times its own weight OF water.
Sulphate Of iron and sulphate OF zinc
nre both used for the same purpose, and
are combined with ten times their weight
of water. The sulphaio Of zinc IL more
energetic in action, costs more, but IL
odorless. and IL much used in summer 10
disiniect the cellars under the fish and
poultry markets. Diluted in eight vol
umcs OF water, with per cent. OF sui
phalo Of copper added, Il will keep long
and IL an excellent disinlvClant Tor dwell
ings.
Carbolic acid is not, properly speaking, n
disinicciant IL will not dispcl bad odors,
but will prevent putnfcalion. 10 Is n
powerful anliseptic, and its proper combi-
nation Is forty volumes Of water 10 one Of
phenol or carbolic acid. Foul places, such
as slAughtnr-hOuscs and markets, are
sprinklud twice week In summer with a
solution Of one volume OF acid In 100 or
200 volumes of water. Stagnant pools are
pprnklcd with water containing a thou
sandn part OF carboliC acid Hydro chlo-
ric acid is used for urinals and water
closets In "A solution Of six volumes OF
water.
Nilro.benzolo IL energetic IN action, but
leaves strong smell and whiiish crust,
which must be removed by water It's
mixture * the same rs hydrO-chloric acid.
The two latter disiuleciants OXydizc metals
and burn clothing. Only the most careful
workmun are allowed TO use these acids.
aud they are comparatively innocuOus
when diluted IN ten parts Of water. The
annual expenditure for this branch Of
work * 20, 900 francs, or $1,000
3. Sweeping OF Public Ways The prin-
cipal cnactiuns Ut the latest law concern
ing street cleaning (which took effect Jan
uary /, 1874 are:
/. The obligation previously incumbent
on land tenants on nlistrcctsand thorough
fares 10 sweep hall OF said WAYS In front OF
their premises Is converted into taxation
payable In money.
z. But the payment ot said taxes does
not exempt mnd tenants from any obhgn.
hons which may be imposed ON them 10y
police regulations in time ui ice aud snow.
This taxation u pruporionod TO rates of
travel and health necessities OF location.
Tho street ara cleaned Ia Paris under
supervision Of the city engineers is 1851
acres, OF which 1000 acres are Tor accounts
Of land tenants and 200 acrus for city's
account. but as moiallcd roads aud thvir
sidewalks are cleaned los a special body
OF mon, the cleaning power proper OF tho
streets Of Paris included an area Of 200
acres The whole Of this surface Is swept
once every morning, between . and q
o'clock la the summer aud between and
O'Clock in the winter after which come
the tcuyonrcui, Who run la summer from
BtoS o'clock aud In vinlcr from 10
o'clock
Ia addition TO this the streets are swept
when nccdiul. street guItcr cleaned twicJ
dolly, public seats aud unnnls washed,
streets Clcancd aud disnicctcd, aud polio,
stations taken gaw Of This work N mol
usually complete till late evening. cspc'
ciully during nUyOru trusts, when sand hni
30 De tpnnklod over streets having slccI
nclinut
The Ui,y employs 5000 persons 2, 90,
mon. who earn from 90 to 80 cents day
go women, Who earn from ito 8 cent
on hour aud thirty young boys, al cent
an hour These compose l.2 gangs, Vlcl
made up 10 one lnpman aud thirty work
men Ia She ini division, and FiXicei
working people in the Bycund division
Besides this small army ol wOlkCm lW
sweeping machines uv required llr stree
cleaning Since ono machine doses thl
work Of ten men. they are equivalent q
1870 men, making in ell thc equivalent q
400 people employed.
Tie lluIlCs tvu.ulcs require incCga
attention from ihc street cleaning depart
mont They are built in th. center 81
rmis, aud CONSIST VI ton lofty east iron pa
yillions. -rI uu stone Easements Tho pl
y.lll0ns are connected by covered ALLOW.
Zach pavilion Is used Cor retail trade
Tho cclau ar sioC.ruoms for Implement
ubd in handling provisions The WoI
done ai the linllCs consists in sweeping
Wuhur. removing refuse, and d,inlcci
Ing sixty persons are thus employed d
th-g laNys The morning sweeping
donD H-t. with q wooden fcr1pcr. socuu,
with % birch broom, and lps.ly with n mn.
chino, lu washing these markets orlinar
Wutur D. uri uaU then solutions ui ca
loIlc acid. All wciici pnris arc lnsil
rluanClIHl dried with 400 india mbbi
scmpur. The rJiwH D. removed seven
times daily. Tia, 9. s.u from iho col "a
sometimes amounts fH '.ltl cubic d.,
daily. il consists Of manure. ycrciuh
remains aud oilal. which .w hU.sipl D
swinging cranes into thc Dr,. lur thu
small cans With movable bottoms nue ru
ploycd. they contain ono cubic yard Clcl
and aro brought under "a luIu whore iIi
ar seized by the crane, then h1slpd. au
their contents dropped into thc cant by d
opening la thc bottom.
Sweeping Machines Two ere uscl d
English machine, perfected by suhy,
PARIS, aud tho machine paicniClby NJ EIo
sohy's b. considered the boot IN bot
lho machinery BE- simple und icliahi
Zach occupies little space, consisting on
II a strong name carried ou two wheel