davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.
Vacation of Alley in Block 20,
St. Anthony Park:
CITY CLERKS OFFICE, |
ST. PAUL, January II. 1888. I

Oh. AUL, JdIiudry IL. 1900. J
Whereas, petition has been filed in
this Office, by order of the Common
Council, as required by law, asking for
the vacation of alley in block 70, st. An
thOny Park; and
Whereas, the petitioners state that
they are the owners and a majority of
the owners of the property AUDITING
upon and along the line of said alley
asked to be vacated, and that the object
and reason for such vacation as asked for
is, that said alley accommodates no one
and will discOmmode no one, and said
property can be used with greater profit
and to better advantage without said
alley than with it;
Now, therefore, notice is hereby given
that said petition will be heard and con-
sidered by the Common Cyuncil of said
City of St. Paul ON Tuesday, the 21st
day of February, A. ID. 1888, at 1880
o'clock p. M, at the Council Chamber in
the City Hall.
By order of the Common Council,
THOS. A. PRENDERGAST,
jan12-5W-thu City Clerk.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

TOLEDO, O., Jan. 1S.-Wheat active and
lower; cash, SIC; May, $3.50; July, s7Isc.
Corn duh and easier; May 55c. Oats quiet
May, 35s4c. Clover seed steady; cash,
81. 1712; March. S4.27l2c, Receipts-Wheat,
bags. Shipments Wheat. 1000 bu; corn,
4,OU0 bu; oats, 1000 bu; clover seed, AS
bags.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Petroleum.

OH CITY, Pa, Jan. 19.-National Transi
certificates opened at s7Iac; highest, s6ssc
sales, 1,6S7,OO barrels; clearances, 1854,
900 barrels; charters, $685. barrels; ship
ments, 1887 barrels; runs, 37,993.
PITTsBURG, Pa, Jan. 1S.-Petroleum fair
lp active and firm; National Transit certifi-
Gates opened at S7l2c; closed at $3.50
highest, SSs4c; lowest S6I2c.
: BRADFORD, Pa, Jan. 1S.-National Transit
certificates opened at SIC; closed at SSs4c
highest sS5sc; lowest, 96asc; clearances,
100000.
TITUsvILLE, Pa, Jan. 19.-National Transit
certificates opnned at 871sc; highest, SS84c
lowest, S65Sc; closed, SS5sc,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

New YORK. Jan. 19.-With a well main
tanned demand cotton goods were firmer.
supplies light and some prices higher, as fol
keag, staple ginghams, 7Ac, and fancy, 7s4c;
Allendale and Pembroke wide sheetings on
the basis of 24c for 1O-4 bleached Large
sales of 64-square print cloths at 37sc.
Prints in good demand. Jobbing trade fairly
active for the season.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

LIVERPOOL, Jan. 19.-Wheat quiet but
steady; demand poor; holders offer moder-
ately. Corn quiet steady; demand poor; new
mixed Western, 4s lid per GENITAL.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Chicas 90 Daily Market Quotations
no. > WHEAT.
CORN.

Feb. Mar May Feb. Mar NJ
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
New York Produce.

NEW YORK, Jan. 1s.-Flour-Receipts, 26.-
702 packages; exports, 1866 bbls, %, 97S
sacks. sales, 10, 200 bbls; steady; common
@4.75; fancy white wheat Western, extra,
81 SO65. 10; patent Minnesota. extra good
to prime. 81. 4O@4.SO; choice to fancy Min
nesota, $4s5@5;l 10. 90 Wheat;-Receipts,
1884, 900 bu futures, 10000 bu spot spot;
options declined ss@ssc, leading to rather
more activity, closing steady with slight re-
covery; spot l2c lower but less active; No. 2
spring nominal ana ei at 91e; No hard, s5s4c;
@9U12c store and elevator; Ole, +. O. b.;
92c delivered; No. L red nominal at 93I2c;
No. l white nominal at 93c; No. 9
red, January s, 9oa@9olse, closing at 90Ae;
March, 914@92 Lice, closing at 91s4c;
April, 927s@934c, closing at 927sc; Nav,
90 9-d6@94c, closing at 939sc; June,
S SsI aFEso closing ,o at e4e; Deeem
Ssa sG sn; exports ef 1885, 49,
bu; sales, 100000 blu futures; ZIG, 900 bu
spot; spot l2Gs4c and options l2c lower and
moderately active, closing steady; ungraded,
57l2@59lSc; No 2, 6Oa4@61c elevator, 61ac
f. o; b., 62c afloat; No. January, nominal
at 6Os4c; February, 60s4@61Ac. closing at
Gle; March. 61A@61ssc, closing at 61Ac;
61@61 Lice. closing at G1ssc: August, 615s
@622c, closing at 62S4c. Oats-Receipts,
$4,000 bu: exports, none; sales, 295, 900
bu futures: $4,000 bu spot; shade easier,
closing steady; mixed Western, 3s@4Oc:
white Western, 40@46c. Hay quiet but firm;
shipping, 60c. Hops dull; California, 9@14c.
Coffee-Spot; fair Rio, quiet at 17s4c; op-
tons opened weaker, but closed steadier;
sales, $4,000 bags; January, 15.o5@15. zoe;
February, IL. 45@I4.6Oc; March, IA. 200
14.30c; April, 14.05@14. 15c; May, 1880
14.O5c; June. 13.SO@13 csc; July, 13.4O9
1860; August, 13.15@13.2 zoe; September,
12.9 O@I3c; October, 12.75@12.S5 Novem-
Sugar dull and weak; centrifugal, sec, test,
6; fair refining quoted at SAC; refined dull
Molasses dull. Rice firm. Petroleum steady;
United, SS5sc Cotton seed oil quoted at
36@37c crude: 41@42l2c refined. Tallow
$1.07l2@1.12. Turpentine steady at 41@
41I2c. Eggs in moderate request; West
ern, 2Ol2@22c; receipts, 931 packages.
Pork steady and in moderate demand: mess
quoted at S15. 25615.50 for one year old.
Cut meats steady; picked bellies, 712c. Lard
opened two to three points lower, closing
strong and trifle higher; Western steam,
spot, quoted at S7.62l2; February, $74S@
June 3aae M1 s4Sss 3a May ss7 7s
city steam, s7.45. Butter firm Western,
16@34c. Cheese in fair request; Western,
11l2@11s4c. Copper steady Jake, 15ac. Lead
dull; domestic, 4s4c. Tin, weak; straits,
$4,000. Other articles unchanged.
Liverpool Grain.
LIVERPOOL, Jan. 1S.-Wheat quiet but
steady; demand poor; holders offer moder-
ately. Corn quiet steady; demand poor; new
mixed Western, as lid per GENITAL.
COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK
Corner of Fourth and Jackson Sts.,
st. Paul, MINI.
PAID UP CAPITAL, 100000.
Albert Scheffer, President.
P. II. Kelly, First Vice President.
ChaS. Kittelson, Second Vice Presid'nt.
Herman Scheffer. Cashier.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
LOCAL MARKETS
ST, Paul.


Sellers managed to hold wheat up to the
top notch and even l2c above Tuesdays
prices yesterday, but, though there was a
good deal displayed on the sample tables,
there was very little sold. Most of the roads
are opened now and receipts are beginning
to be larger. Corn was steady. The supply
of oats is little more free, and Nos. 1 and 2
white have DECLINED 12c. Hay steady. Eggs
firm. The call:
Wheat-No. 1 hard, 79lac bid; No. L
Northern, 7el2c bid; No. Northern, 76c
bid.
Corn-No. 2, 4sc bid soc asked; January,
soc asked.
Oats-No mixed. 32c bid; No. white,
34c bid; No. white, 33c bid No. white,
33c asked.
Rye-No. 9, soc bid
Ground Feed-No. /, $1s bid, $1s asked to
arrive.
Bran-Bulk, S13 bid. S14 in sacks asked.
Hay-No. upland prairie, $11 bid, $3.50
asked; timothy, $13 bid.
Dressed Hogs-S6.5O bid.
Flax Seed-$1.37 bid.
Timothy Seed-S2. Is bid.
Glover Seed-S3. Is bid.
Eggs-21c bid 22c asked.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Cotton.

New YORK, Jan. 19.-It was softer mar
ket throughout. The local long scalpers dis
ally selling out, and with the room inclined
to rap the market as opportunity presented,
the turn favored buyers. Some 7@9 points
loss was shown, with partial recovery, but
the close slow.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
CII L NOIlCE.
Notice Judgment
OFFICE OF THE CITY EAsURER. J
ST. PAUL, Mimi, Jan. 10, 1855. !

ST. PAUL, Mimi, Jan. 10, 1855. I
will make application to the district
court in and for the county of Ramsey
and state of Minnesota, at a special
term to be held Saturday, Jan. %,
1888, at the corut house, in st. Paul,
Minnesota, for judgment against the
several lots and real estate embraced in
a warrant in my hands for the collection
of unpaid assessments, with interest and
costs thereon, for the hereinafter named
special assessments.
All in the city of st. Paul, county of
Ramsey, and state of Minnesota, when
and where all persons interested may
attend and be heard.
The owners and description of real es.
tate are as follows:
CONSTRUCTION OF A SEWER ON
COLBORNE STREET, FROM WEST
SEVENTH STREET TO JEFFER-
SON AVENUE,
Stinson, Brown & Ramsey's Addition.
Supposed owner and Amt OF
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
RAVINE STREET,
Between Maria Avenue and Bates Avenue

betWeeH Mu77u HVeHUe uH0 buteS Avenue
In accordance with and as indicated
by the red line OH the profile thereof,
and as reported upon as being necessary
and proper by the Board of Public
Works of said city, under date of Dec.
l, 1887, which said report was adopted
by said Common Council at its meeting
held on Dec. 6, 1887.
The profile indicating the proposed
change is on file and can be seen at this
office.
By order of the Common Council.
THOS. A. PRENDERGAST,
Jan5-4w-thurs&sat City Clerk.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
NATIONAL INVESTMENT COMPANY

M EY TO 10 AN.
On improved real estate at lowest current
rates. No delays.
Room 2S, German-A American Bank
PETER BERKEY, President
c. G. JOHNSON. General Manager
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
NOTICE
TOC0ntraCtOrS.
HOT WATER HEATING !
CITY CLERKS OFFICE, |
b. ST. PAUL, Jan. 16, 1888. (

ST. PAUL, Jan. 16, 1888.
Sealed proposals, marked Proposals
for Heating Foundlings' HOme,n will be
received at this office until 3 p. IN. on
Tuesday, the 18th day of February, A. D.
1888, for heating with hot water the
building known as the FOundlings'
Home and Annex to the City Hospital,
accor ding to plans and specifications ON
file in the Office of Wilcox & Johnson,
architects, German-American bank
building.
Each proposal must be accompanied
by a bond in the sum of at least 20 per
cent OF the gross amount bid, with two
Sureties who are residents of the state
of Minnesota.
The Common Council reserves the
right to reject any or all bids.
By order of the Common Council.
THOS. A. PRENDERGAST.
1876 City Clerk.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
MICHAEL DORAN & CO.,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS, ST.
PATTI MINI

Grain and provisions bought and sold for
cash or future delivery. Commission one
fifth. Orders for the purchase and sale of
stocks on any stock exchange in the country
private wire from st. Paul to Chicago and
New York
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
FINCK g. McCAULEY,

Commission Merchants and Lumber
mems Supplies.
Liberal advances made on consign-
mentS Of grain. S22 Sibley ST., st. Paul.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Minnesota Transfer.

The market at Minnesota Transfer yester-
day was steady. The arrivals consisted of
five cars of cattle, two cars of sheep and
otwo cars of hogs. The demand for cattle
: continues III excess of the supply. Sheep
also are in good demand and meet with quick
sales. Hogs are quiet, with downward
tendency. Sales were:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
GERMANlA BANK,

Alex. Ramsey, Pres. Anthony Yoerg,
Jr., Y. Pr. VIM. Bickel, Cashier. P
M. KerSt. Asst. Cashier.
Corner Fifth and Wabashastreets, Oppo-
site POStOffice.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Chicago.

CHICAGO, Jan. 1s.-Clearings, 1882, 900.
New York exchange was quoted weak at Csc
premium. Money rates are unchanged at
per cent for call and per cent for time on
the greater amount of loans made.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Union STOCK YARDS.

Receipts of hogs to-day, 24O0O: official
yesterday, %, $50; left over. 10000; light
hogs, S4.S5@5.05; mixed packing, $40:
heavy shipping, S5.25@5.65; receipts of
cattle, 10000.
RECEIPTs-CAR LOTS.
Wheat, So; corn, 90; oats, So; rye, l;
barley, 40.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
THE SAVINGS SANK or 81. PAUL

Klce BLOCK, s. W. Corner OF Filth
and jackson Streets.
Five per cent. interest paid on time
deposits. Money loaned on improved
city property. Transacts general
banking business. Capital, $4,000. Sur
plus and undivided profits, $50, 400 .SS.
Open Saturdays from to p. IN.
John S. Prince, President. Edward j
Meier, Cashier.
Chicago Daily Market Quotations.
These quotations are furnished daily at 1
p. m. by Marrett Huffman IL Co., office 307
Jackson street:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
MARRETT g. HUFFMAN.

JUI JACKSON STREET,
GRAIN, PROVISION & STOCK BROKERS
Direct private wire to all markets. Promp
attention given to orders by mail orwire.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

STATE OF MINNESOTA, DISTRICT
~ Court-Second Judicial District, County
of Ramsey.
Jacob YAM, Chauncey NJ. Griggs and Seth X.
Howes, partners as YAM, Griggs d Howes,
plaintiffs,
William Il. Coleman, Frank Johnson Carlton
Coleman and Richard Delafield, partners as
VIM. T.. Coleman IL Co. defendants.
SUMMONS.
The State of Minnesota to the above named
defendants:
You and each Of you are hereby summoned
and required to answer the complaint in this
action, which has been filed with the Clerk
OF said court, and to serve copy of your an
swer to said complaint on the subscriber at
his office in room So Globe Building, in st.
Paul, Minnesota, within twenty days after the
service of this summons upon you, exclusive
of the day of such service, and if you fail to
answer the said complaint within the time
aforesaid, the plaintiffs in this action will
have the amount they are entitled to recover
ascertained by the court, or under its direction,
and take judgment for the amount so ascer-
tanned.
Dated Jan. 10, 1888.
HERBERT S. GRIGGS,
Plaintiffs Attorney, St. Paul, Mimi.
jan19-6w-thurs.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

Quotations OF Stocks and Bonds.
NEW YORK, Jan. 1S.-Stocks and bonds
closed at the following prices bid:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Change of Street Grade.
CITY CLERKS OFFICE, !
ST. PAUL, Jan. 4, 1888. I

Notice is hereby given that the Com
mon Council of the City of st. Paul, at
its meeting to be held on Tuesday, the
18th day of February, A. d. 1883, at
7:30 o'clock p. m, at the Council Cham
Der, in the City Hall, will consider and
may order change of grade on the fol-
lowing street, between the points named,
to-Wit:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
NOTICE
DEALERS,
CITY CLERKS OFFICE,
ST. PAUL, Jan. IA, 1888.

You are hereby notified and requested
to file in this office, on or before the 23d
day of January, A. d. 1888, bond as
required by the laws of the State of
Minnesota and ordinance of the City of
st. Paul, in regard to the sale of intOxi-
eating liquors.
The Committee on License of the
Common Council of said city of st. Paul
City Hall at 8 p. m. on the above-men-
toned date for the purpose of examin-
ing and approving such bonds.
THOS. A. PRENDERGAST,
1921 City Clerk.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
OTHER MARKETS,
Whisky
Dry Goods.

CINCINNATI, Jan. 1S.-Whisky steady; sales
LAOS bbls finished goods ON basis of $l.O5.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
SEVEN CORNERS BANK
Paid Up caoital 100000.

r. NJ. Newport, President.
w. B. Evans, Cashier
Michael Defel Vice President.
G. A. Hawks. Asst. Cashier.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
Supposed owner and Amt of
description. Lot. Block. Assm't
Peter Bieler (eXceDt

All in the city of st. Paul, Ramsey
county, Minnesota.
1919 GEORGE REFS. City Treasurer.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
CITY NOTICE.
Notice for Judgment
OFFICE OF THE CITY TREASURER,
ST. PAUL, Mimi, Jan. 10, 1855.

Oh. AUl-, MILL. JAN. 10, 1855.
will make application to the dis
trict court in and for the county Of
Ramsey and state of Minnesota, at the
special term, to be held Saturday, Jan.
%, 1888, at the court house, in st. Paul,
Minnesota, for judgment against the
several lots and real estate embraced in
a warrant in my hands for the collection
of unpaid assessments, with interest
and costs thereon, for the hereinafter
named special assessments.
All in the city of st. Paul, county Of
Ramsey, and state of Minnesota, when
and where all persons interested may
attend and be heard.
The owners and description of real
estate are as follows:
CONSTRUCTION OF A SEWER ON,
SIXTH STREET, FROM MARIA
AVENUE TO MAPLE STREET.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
WALKER g. CO.,

Members New York Stock Exchange and Chi
cago Board of Trade.
OFFICES: New York, A Broadway; st. Paul,
1 Gilfllan Block; Chicago, + Pacific Av.
cTnnK HQAIM QpnNIcInM nnTT0M AAn
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
w. B. STEPHENS 600.

OIL, GRAIN and STOCK BROKERS.
Direct private wire to all markets. Prompt
attention given TO orders by mail OF wire.
133lEast Fifth ST., st. Paul; $40 Hennepin
ay., Minneapolis, Mimi.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

MINNEAPOLIS PROVISION COMPANY!
"a and 26 South First Street,
Minneapolis, MINI.
Pork and Beef Packers
AND GENERAL Provision DEALERS.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
OIL BROKERS.
Toledo Grain.

Direct wires from our Office in st. Paul, No.
] Gilfillan Block, to New York Stock Elk
change and Chicago Board of Trade.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
UNION NATIONAL BANK
or DULUTH
Duluth Wheat.

Special to the Globe.
DULUTH. MINI. Jan. 1S.-There was a
change in the market to-day. and it was re-
eeiyed with q welcome feeling here as else.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

BANK OF MINNESOTA,
Paid Up Capital $60O,OOO;
Surplus 500, 700.
VIM. Dawson, Pres. Robt. A Smith, V.
Pres. VIM. Dawson. Jr.. Cashier.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19
LIVE STOCK.
st. Paul Union Stock Yards.

Receipts, l cars; 2. cars held over. Mar
ret lOc lower Sales as follows.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1888-01-19

r. M. NEWPORT & SON,
Investment Bankers.
152, 15S, 154 Drake Block. Loan Money
OH Improved Real Estate Security,
At q. o.. 2. ~ and 8 per cent.
On Shortest Notice for any amount.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1888-06-01
An incompetent Railroad En-
CsfnaaF

The danger Of running on an engine
handled by an incompetent engineer
or man who he's remained at some
other business long enough to get
rusty is not fully understood by the
travelling world. had an experience
OF that kind that drove me of the
road and into more pleasant lines Of
labor. The Iowa legislature passed a
law in 1877 holding all railroads re-
spOnsibIe in heavy amounts for loss
OF life or injuries incurred IN their
service, and to offset the liability the
railroads addressed q circular TO all
employees asking them TO IellnquIsh
their claims. One morning 1 had
fired up as usual, and run the engine
around TO await the freight which We
were to take west from Burlington.
Before the hour an agent stepped up
and asked the engineer to sign the
agreement. He refused and was dis
charged on the spot. Anew man was
put in the cab. He had an engineer 8
license, and everything looked
straight, so far as papers wen t. Dur
ing the talk my fires had run down.
so / flied in coal until steam was hiss
ing out of the safety valve, and then
! opened the furnace door.
Having taken our trains an hour
later We were spinning along nicely
when I turned to feed the fire.
Throwing open the door 1 observed
the crown sheet and rivets showing
through the fire box, and looked up
at the guage only to find that We were
running with a dry boiler. yelled to
my partner, and ne started out on
the running board with a hammer IN
one hand. The pump had stopped
working. The new man struck the
metal gently to loosen the plunger.
THAT'S all I saw. 1 started over the
coal IL the tender, and, climbing up
on the side of the first car. was not
long in putting twelve or fifteen cars
between me and that engine Reach
ing the cabOOs6 and sitting on the
cuDOla, / waited for the explosion.
IF that fool with his hammer had sue
ceeded in starting that pump he
would have gone into eternity the
next second, Tor the boiler was at 8
white heat 1 wasn't In & suicidal
frame of mind, and that's why / lit
out. But the old adage about fools
and children proved true. for that
engineer had to stop, draw the fire
and wait for a relief engine. We had
only run fifteen miles, but the damage
in half an hour took three months to
! repair -GlObe-D Democrat Interview.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1888-06-01
Rainfall Upon the Plains.

els the rainfall increasing upon the
plains?" is the subject of an article by
Henry Gannett IN a recent number Of
Science. Thirty years ago all the
country west of the Missouri was
considered the ''great American des-
ert, % IN which, without irrigation, az
riculture was an impOssibility. But
the stream of immigration has swept,
with each succeeding year, further
up the slope Of the plains, driving the
border Of the desert before it. It Is
almost universally believed in this re-
giOn that settlement and tree plant
ing have induced greater rainfall. Mr..
GanneUt thinks other cases are IN
VOlved. An examination OF both the
annual and the seasonal distribution
OF the rainfall IN tWenty-slX stations
where rainfall records have been kept
for long periods, according to Mr..
Gannett, shows that these have IN
dergOne no material change since the
settlement began in that region.
eve may" says he, therefore dis
miss as baseless the popular idea Of
an increase IN rainfall, either annual
or during The growing season, and
look elsewhere Tor an eXplana alton OF
the phenomena of settlement which
the plains present"
Experience has shown that a much
smaller quantity ot rain is essential
than was supposed, and to his mind,
there is little more to be said.
Cultivation adds greatly to the econ
omy of the rainfall. The surface of
the plains in an uucultivated condi-
ton IS mainly bare. hard ground,
but slightly protected by its covering
of grasses. From such a surface the
rain flows of freely, and an unusually
large proportion Of it finds its way
into the streams, while a correspond
ingly small proportion SINKS into the
ground. The farmer, with pillow and
harrow. changes all this, and retains
in the soil most of the rainfall. From
year to year the supply in the soil
increases, so that the subsoil becomes
In time a reservoir from which the
surface soil may draw in times OF
drought. Furthermore, the scanty
vegetation offers little protection
against evaporation, which is exces-
sive upon the barren plains, but the
ampler mantle which cultivation
spreads over the soil prevents its
moisture from disappearing III the
atmosphere with so great rapidity