davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
An Hnr,rhied Yrnnn-

Comrade E. R. Duffy, NJ. D., of Hancock
Post, New York city, is still endeavoring to
have the wrong done him in his removal from
the Customs Service corrected. 1t will be re-
membered by many that Comrade Duffy, while
on duty, struck fellow officer who had made
an insulting remark about two Sisters of Char
ity who had gone on board the steamship of
which they were in charge. Both officers were
removed by the Collector, Comrade Duffy not
being granted a hearing He appealed to the
Secretary of the Treasury, and finally to the
President, and some months ago the latter
promised he should be reinstated. Nothing
has been done, however, and the wrong done
to brave soldier still remains uncorrccted.
DR.. Duffy served with credit all through the
war, was in 81 engagements, was wounded
seven times, lost leg and made frst-class
record in every respect He was the first doc
tor at Hancock's side after his severe wound
at Gettysburg, and it was his prompt attention
that in all probability saved the hero's life.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
Last OF the :. 0ld pefenders. ;,

James Chamberlain MoTford aged o. years,
the last of the Old Defenders of Baltimore died
in Baltimore, Nd, last week, and the assoeia-
ton is now extinct. The organization, COM
posed of those who defended the city at North
Point against the British in the war of 1912,
was formed in 1842 with 1859 members, the
majority of whom lived in Baltimore. 1t was
the custom of the members to attend church in
body the Sunday previous to every 18th of
September, each member wearing a cockade
and piece of Grape, the latter out of respect
to the memory of dead comrades. On the glo-
rious 18th they would assemble at the City
Hail. march twice around the Battle Monument
and 60 to some convenient place out of town to
eat their annual dinner. Fifteen years ago
only about 100 attended the Reunion, and in
1884 there were but seven. Only four of those
were able to attend the Reunion, and the asso-
citation dissolved
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

is being obscured, and during totality. In adj
diticp to the spectroscopic and photometric re-
searc4ss, photography is made to play an
in connection with the photometer and spectre
scope, and by itself. AS many Photographic in
struments as can be properly manipulated during
totality are set up. One of these is arranged to
leave Photographic plate exposed during the
whole total phase; by this means the corona
may be photographed far away from the limb
of the sun. At another, perhaps, the whole
interval is divided into periods. varying from
/ to 20 seconds, in each of which sensitive
plate is exposed. Still another Photographic
instrument, with a lens embracing very wide
angle, may be usefnlly employed to photograph
the whole region of the sky roundabout the
sun, the farther the better. Photographs of
the partial phases even are useful, as, with ap-
propriate means they are to be relied on for
better positions of the sun and moon than are
obtained by direct measurement, especially
The National tribune., 1888-12-27


more forcible illustration Of the axiom that
knowledge is power than the attitudes Of saw
age and scientist towards the phenomena OF
the total solar eclipse. The former, not aware
Of the coming of the eclipse, is transhXcd by fear
Rs it approaches; the latter, enabled to predict
the time of its advent, anzioasly awaits the
revelations il may afford.
The stories told Of the influence which the
early discoveries IN America were able to exer-
else over the Indians by predicting the time
when the Great Father would vail his face, are
familiar.
Eclipses have been predicted from an early
time. Thales, one Of the seven sages, born
about $40 years before the Christian era, IS
said to have taught the true nature of the lunar
eclipse. Being the most striking of celestial
phenomena visible to the naked eye, the desire
70 account for the cause Of eclipses may be sup
posed TO have arisen at a very early day. Long
before the motions Of the heavenly bodies were
well understood, material was historically
Recumulating for the prediction Of the occur
renee Of eclipses Less than score of years
suffices to establish a recurrence Of exactly the
same positions of sun and moon with reference
TO the earth. The period, or cycle, of Is years
and IL days includes all the kinds Of solar
eclipses liable to occur, SO that 1t may be SAID
that each eclipse is the type OF one to occur Is
years later. This relation once established, IL
is easy 10 see how the ancient astronomers
could predict eclip5es without an accurate
knowledge of the motions of the moon or of
the earth. OF course such predictions have
become more aud more accurate as the kaowl-
edge OF these motions become better known.
CAUSE OF ECLIPsEs.
IN the case of the sun being eclipsed, the
relative position Of the three bodies-earth,
moon and snn-are readily seen from the
sketch. The shadow of the moon striking the
earth causes the sun 10 appear darkened OF
eclipscd. In the case Of lunar eclipse, how
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

20 to roost, cocks crow. while weird darkness
best appreciated by the feelings hovers over
everything.
Though the general terms in which solar
eclipses are described are the same for different
occasions the rapidly-shifting scenes. changing
even in the short duration of the eclipse, give
the phenomena unexpected characteristics, and
each totality shows appearances of grandeur
and sublimity different from those Of its pre-
decessor. Drawings of the corona made by
observers at the same place are seldom alike IN
details and may vary much in important attri-
butes But now we may have recourse to the
impartiality of photography. The sensitive
dry-plate receives an Impression in short
time, and forever fixes the peculiarities of the
picture. Personal bias is removed.
THE ECLIPsBs OF 1889.
The year 1889 furnishes three solar eclipses-
Jan. /, June q and Dec. 2I-the first and last
total, the second annular; also, two lunar
eclipses, Jan. 10 and July - The second total
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

In a similar manner the times and phases
may be found for any point of the country, re-
membering only to convert the Greenwich
time taken from the chart into local standard
time by subtracting five, six, seven or eight
hours, as the place may happen to use Eastern,
Central, Mountain or Pacific standard time.
Take as further example Detroit, Mich.
Lying halfway between the dotted lines Oh.
and I0h., the eclipse begins at Oh. 30m. Green
wich, or 3h. Bonn. p. m. Central standard time
Being between the full lines Eclipse begins at
sunset" and Middle of eclipse at sunset" the
sun will set eclipsed; and, being removed from
the latter line toward the former, the phase will
be less than six digits (one-half), or about FIVE
digits
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
PATHWAY OF THE ECLIPSE.

when the camera can be mounted in or near
the central line. Impressions of the partially
eclipsed sun can be taken photographically in
a very small fraction of second.
Further investigations concern themselves
with the planet long supposed to revolve be-
tween the sun and Mercury, the hypothetical
planet Vulcan, the "planet of romance" If
such an object exists, there would naturally be
great difficulty in detecting it, as it must
always be close to the sun. 1t might be dis
covered, however, any day, while crossing the
suns disk, when it would appear as dark spot
on his surface. But, although suspicious ap-
pearances have been repeatedly described, they
have not borne mathematical scrutiny nor
shown the necessary repetitions of regular
transit. Besides, the sun is observed daily all
over the earth whenever he shines is photo
graphed throughout his circuit, and it certainly
would seem strange that no traces of Vulcan
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

solar eclipse will be visible in the Island of
Trinidad. in French Guiana and on the west
coast of Africa, in about latitude 10 degrees
south The duration of totality at those places
will vary from nearly two TO little over three
minutes.
The total solar eclipse of Jan. ], 1889, the
last one visible in the United States in this
century, begins out at sea in the Pacific Ocean,
embraces the greater part of North America,
and ends in the southeastern part of Texas
The most interesting part of the eclipse, the
totality is, however. visible to only compare
lively small part of North America. The CEN
trail eclipse begins in I79 degrees east longi-
tude, So degrees north latitude, a point north
of some of the western Aleutian Islands. The
zone of totality then passes TO the southeast,
crossing some of the small islands of the An
dreanof group. After crossing the meridian
Of 140 degrees west longitude, it gradually
sweeps to the northeast the center striking
the mainland at Point Arena, Cal. Its course
through northern California can then be traced
on the map provided for that purpose. If of
interest, the belt can be easily prolonged
through Nevada northeast, curving slightly
northwards The central eclipse comes to an
eRd IN "a degrees west longitude, 50 degrees
north latitude, or about at the center of Mani
toba. The eclipse is late in reaching the Pacific
Coast, which combined with the low altitude
at which the sun will be seen on account of his
great southern declination, does not present
very favorable circumstances for observations.
At Point Arena, Cal, the total phase begins
at 1:30 p. m. and lasts exactly two minutes;
the sun will be % degrees high. In California.
places near the center line are Willow and Nell
son, on the C. & o. r. R., Quincy, Nevada City
and Susanyille. At San Francisco the eclipse
will not be total, although nearly so.
East of the boundary between California and
Nevada, the belt of totality, stretching to the
northeast, leaves Reno just outside to the south
and Fort McDermitt to the north, embracing,
however. Winnemucca, six miles, and Tusca-
rora 80 from the central line, both south of it..
OF these Winnemucca will be easiest of access,
lying on the c. 2. r. z.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
PaImer's Mistake.
PHILADELPHIA Times Dem. u

There is widespread opinion among poll
ticians here that Gen. Palmer, of Illinois, made
fatal mistake politically in so summarily with
drawing from the Grand Army of the Repub-
lic He was looked upon as the coming man to
lead the Democrats in their next Presidential
contest. His course, it is conceded, will be
likely to make even Democratic convention, as
far as Northern sentiment is a factor, very slow
about taking him as a National candidate. The
assertions from the organization are not as
numerous as was expected, and the Generals
Illinois friends say that he was little too
hasty.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

CLIPSEs, lunar and
solar, have by the m
civilized been from
timeimmemorial view
ed with fear and trem-
bling, and a long step
forward in civilization
is shown by the change
Of feeling marked by
the commencement Of
their prediction;in this,
as in other events, the
unexpected being uni
versally fear-inspiring.
IN late eclipses the as
tronomer, journeying
perhaps thousands of
miles to an island in
the great South Sea,
will still see the evil
dences Of terror excited
in the natives by the
unwonted appearances.
There iC nrnhablv no
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

G4GSb4ue p4lCilOLISudy
which yield, however, in Importance and beau
ty to those presented by solar eclipses. The
intervention of the moon, obscuring for the
time being the face of the sun, reveals TO US
his surroundings ordinarily hidden by the
intense glare. We can, then, during total
eclipses study the neghb0rhood of the sun, and
although it be for only brief space of time, in
TestIgate, by the delicate instruments at our
disposal, the constitution Of his appendages
The researches for which solar eclipse
offers the only known opportunities are those
on the nature, extent and constitution OF the
corona The telescope is employed in examin-
ing Its shape and extent; the spectroscope,
to detect the material of which it may be COM
posed. What is the corona2 Traced at times
to hight OF 100000 miles above the suns sur
face. to be seen only at the rare moments of
total eciipses, it battles analysis, although slow
~ the secrets of its being are becoming known
Then comes the SUMS atmosphere, projected
into which mighty eruptions Of fame are seen,
the outbursts called protuberances. Happily,
means have been discovered for observing these
without an eclipse and they are daily watched
IN the observatOries, revealing an energy of
the forces at work on the sun which illustrates
our attempts at conception. But they are seen
TO greater advantage and disclose more of their
nature during a total eclipse. The forces
spoken of may be family realized when it is
stated that in the solar furnace matter is thrown
up TO an altitude OF at least $4,000, at times of
100000, and even of 100000 miles above the
surface. The diameter of the solar globe, it
will be remembered, is over 100000 miles.
PhotOmetric observations will be made
/ throughout all the phases of the eclipse. These
relate to the measurement of the amount OF
T decrease Of light reaching the earth as the sun
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
BELT OF ToTALITY.

have been discovered by observation or pho
Biography. However, during the total eclipses,
the neighborhood of the sun can be searched
and the wanderer detected, if one exists.
The ordinary naked-eye observations, draw
ings of corona and protuberances and descrip-
tions of details are not forgotten; meteorologi-
cal observations are made, and many delicate
experiments. which it would require too much
space to explain. The material thus collected
is utilized for future Investigations, ejaculation
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
Two Magnificent Holiday Papers.

The International News Co., of New York,
has republished in English, with all their SUI
perb colored and monochrome pictures, the
Christmas editions of the great Partisan pa
pers-Figaro and Paris TUustre. Nothing finer
was ever taken off press. Each one contains
several superb chromos, and they are both
gems. Price of Figaro ST. Paris Iliustre rs
cents
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

TOTAL ECLIPSE.
Showing Moons Shadow. J

ever, the relative position of the bodies is
changed. The earth then occupies the inter-
mediate place between the sun and the moon,
and its shadow falling on the moon obscures
that body. When the moon, earth and sun
are IN the positions shown in the figure, we
have a new moon, as solar eclipses can occur
only when the moon is new. On the other
hand, in the position assigned above TO the
three bodies for lunar eclipse, the moon is
full, and lunar eclipses are found only at the
time of full moon.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
Unlu ckily, the

y n ] u C x ] ! Y, the
weather at this time of
he year is not favor
bile for observation
near the coast ; fogs
and clouds, if not rain,
prevail. But beyond
he coast range of
mountains to the east
ward, stations little
ess favorable, as re-
gards the time and the
l5un's altitude, will be
found.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
TIE ECLIPSE
The Total Observation of the Sun
Jan. l.

EF A. G. wrETEREALTER, LIEUTENANT, Q. s
EAvY, q. 6. NAVAL OBSERVATORY, WASHING
TON ID C.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

~ ~ E-tSls ike the
aareole about the
heads Of saints on the
Old masters paintings.
Silvery white in color,
its gauzy structure is
adorned with fine rays
and bands reaching
out in all directions.
Tie edge Of the sun
appears enc0mpassed
by a brilliant play of
fireworks, as, visible to
the naked eye, shoot
out the r0se-colored
flames, called protu-
berances. IN the cen
ter of all hangs the
ink black moon, the
teresting revelations.
d varies at different
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
Middle ofeclipse, Oh. 45m. i

Duration 2m.; therefore, beginning of total
phase, Oh. Aim, end of total phase, Oh 46m.
venient divisions of time it is easy to get the
local time Pacific standard time is just eight
hours slow of Greenwich Therefore, we have.
FOR POINT ARENA, CAL.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

1~ SHA - AaSCA w a
the data of former and
future eclipses.
Of such importance
are total solar eclipse:
to astronomical science
that the Royal Astro.
norHical Society of Lon
don has lately been leo
to appoint a specia
committee, whose OBJ
iects are:
l. To bring into com.
munication with eacl
other gentlemen will,
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
THE NATIONAL WASHINGTON THURSDAY

Tn like manner we find that the eclipse in
New York city begins at sunset, and that it is
invisible to the inhabitants of New England
and northeastern New York. The sun will set
eclipsed at all points embraced in the right
hand loop, and rise eclipsed at all places within
the left hand loop.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
Address Registered Letters to
NEW ORLEANS NATIONAL BANK.
New Orleans, La.

"REMEMBER, that the payment o. Prizes "a
GUARANTEED By FOUR NATIONAL
BANKS Of New Orleans and The Tickets are signed
by the President Of au Institution whose Chartered
rights recognized IN the highest Courts therefore
beware Of al limitations or anOnyH lOus schemes"
ONE DOLLAR is the price of the smallest part on
fraction OF ticket is JED BY Is in any Drawing.
Anything in offered foT less than Dollar Is
swindle
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

&aEzAmH BOOK OF GOLDBEvELED EDGE. HIDDEN NAME
~ "a E 69 with samples Of silk Fngsd Reward o. Merit
HEE Nh Photograph Cards With fH cut
EES 1T for cen stamp HINES &Co CAa Vhs
Mention The National Tribune
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

TOTAL ECLIPSE,
kbhowing Corona and
Protuberance.
HuthoT OF these il
The darkness produc,
eclipses in intensity,
forth, and all nature f.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27


ing to observe eclipses. u oisi'sl
2. To become center of information for in
tending observers.
THE CHARTS.
The map of northern California has been re-
ferred to, and will need no further explana-
ton. 1t may be stated that the width Of the
belt is about 100 miles.
In paper of such wide circulation as THE
NATIONAL TRIBUNE. it would have been i'm
possible to have given the times and phases of
the eclipse fOrall its readers. BY the liberality
of its management, however, it has been posi-
bic to add a second chart. which may serve to
show the time and phase very approximately
for any part of the country where the eclipse is
visible. A few words of explanation regarding
the use of the chart: In the first place, we
have the belt of totality traversing the Pacific
Ocean, California, Nevada Idaho, and ending
in Manitoba. We have the beginning of the
eclipse, First Contact" the ending, "Last
Contact" With full lines we see indicated the
limits within which the eclipse is visible, and
within the loops the circumstances of the
eclipse at sunrise and sunset.
By the curved dotted lines are shown the
times of beginning and ending Let us, for an
illustration, take the case of the eclipse at
Point Arena, where the shadow first strikes the
continent, and we have:
Beginning, Sh. pom. (about /, or 20m. of dis
lance between 8h and 9h).
Ending, 11h. 10m about ! of an hour from
11h.)
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

SECRETS FOR o"II r cents book sss PF!Eas
PUB. CO., ST. Louis, Mo.
Mention The National Tribune
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
DURATIoN OF SOLAR EcLIPsEs.

As soon as the last thin crescent Of the sun
has disappeared and the moon has entirely
covered hls disk, al imposing spectacle is pre-
scented. There is, first the corona surrounding
the eclipsed sun, seeming, as has been aptIy
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

&a$ Rheumatism Kidney Pains and Weakness
kEs 4 speedily cured By CUrIcURA ANTI-PAIN
w PLASTER, the oply pain killing plaster
The National tribune., 1888-12-27
GEORGE E. LEMON.

attorney at Law, Solicitor Of Patents and Claims,
6t5 Fifteenth ST.. Citizens National Bank Bulldias)
Lock Box 325, Washington, d. c.
The National tribune., 1888-12-27

Lunar ecIlpses show
interesting phenomena,
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1888-12-10
Application for a Patent.
SURVEY NO. 665. NOTICE No. 26S.
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
HALEY, Idaho, September 10, 1852.

UNITED STATES LAND OFFlCE,
HALEY, Idaho. September 10. l6S6.f
Notice is hereby given that the 'Black Spar
Mining and Milling Company, corporation duly
organized and existing under and by virtue OF the
laws of the State Of Illinois, with its ncipal Of
Ace in East ST. Louis, County Of st. Clair, IN said
State and doing business in the County of1Alturas.
and Territory OF Idaho, by its attorney in fact W.
H. Watt whose postoi,ce address, !. HALEY. Altu
for United States Patent for the
"sILvER WEDGE"
Lode Mining Claim, situate ION unsurveyed lsnd)
in Little Wood River Mining District. Alturas
County Idaho Territory, consisting OF 1870 linear
feet of the lode and surface ground COO feet wide
being Lot No A, and described in the neld notes
and plat OF the official survey file III this ofitr,
with mas nctic variation at IL degrees aud - min.
utea east, as follows: 49,
beginning at the discovery point Of this claim
and running thence south IL degrees. Is minutes
west 10 feet, center southwest end line o1 claim:
thence south 81 degrees II minutes east 800 feet 10
corner No. !; thence north 81 degrees. <5 minutes
west GOO feet, to corner No. 2: thence north SO de.
grces, l5 minutes east 1900 feet. to corner No. .;
thence south 81 degrees, IS minutes east GaO feet
to corner No. s. thence south 81 degrees: 10 min:
utcs west 1900 feet. to No. l, and place OF
begtnune-includinx total sEea Of 2OG6! acres
applied for. Area In cenfirt with "0OOd Hope
lode claiIu survey No. Cog. .5e7 acres. which i:
hereby claimed. From corner No. 4 n. 8. mineral
monument No bears south IS degrees, :6 min
utes west 26l feet.
The said miuing claim being Of record In the Of.
trict, st Haley in Alturss County Idaho Terrific:
ry the nearest known loc utinns being the "0oOtl
| Hope. .""Black Spar and 'wedGe Fraction"
Any and all ps s"nS e.m La, s;n any ps
surface ground IRE required to file their adverh.
claims thereto with the Register Il the United
States Land Office. at HALEY. Idaho Territory
within the co days publication thereof. or thsI
will hs barred by virtue Of the provisions Of th'
statute in such cases made and provided.
no. BILLINGS, Register.