The Morris County chronicle. [volume] (Morristown, N.J.) 1877-1915, 1888-12-01
Me4neps OF Hauss nsAsIna.
The Open Firep:a ,e, the Stove ard sti,e
Furnace steam and lot s,2tcr.

The Open Firep.a se, the Stove ard 'as
Furnace steam and lot si2ter.
The open fireplace is, on scvl.e 90
counts, to be Preferred toss-.v os-lcr
means of heating an apartment. It
insures, when well constructed, the
removal of those products Of combus-
ton which tend to vitiate the atnos-
phere, and at the same time causes a
strong current of air to pass from the
room through the chimney, by which
alone tolerably effective ventilation is
produced
But it has certain Objectionable fea-
lures which preclude its employment
whena steady and uniform heat is re-
quired and when it is especially de-
sirable to avoid irregular currents of
air 1t is therefore not adapted for use
in large rooms, s;ch as hospital wards,
where many sick persons are present.
! The warmth from u fireplace is not
generally diffused throughout tho
room. The heat is almost entirely
communicated by direct radiation, and
consequently while that part of the
body turned towards the fire is heated
perhaps to excess, the portions not ex-
posed to the rays of heat are not suffi-
ciently warmed.
Stoves not only heat the atmosphere
/ by radiation, but also by eonduction,
and hence any organic matters which
may be suspended in the air are vola-
tilted on coming in contact with the
heated metal In an open fireplace a
great portion of the heat, amounting
generally to as much as 80 per cent,
IS drawn up the chimney, but that
given off from stove is retained in
the room to & much greater extent. A
/ serious objection to stoves is that as
the air surrounding them becomes
heated and specifically lighter it as
cends to the ceiling, and therefore the
lower strata of air contained in room
heated by stove are never SO hot as
the upper.
Furnaces placed a distance from the
apartments to be heated, generally
under them, arc notifications of the
ordinry stove, differing only In the
fact that air is brought to the stove
heated by conduction and then al
lowed to ascend to the rooms through
pipes or fues. If proper precautions
are taken to insure a full supply of
|
the mixture of the gases from the fuel
with the hot air and to provide suffi-
cient moisture, this method of warm
ing is not very Objectionable.
The chief disadvantage of steam as
D heating agent consists in the fact
that it is difficult to regulate the tenn
perature The pipes must be kept at
212 degs. Fahrenheit or condensation
of the vapor at once takes place and
water is formed In passing from
state of vapor to that of a liquid steam
parts with its latent heat and becomes
sensible, and thus the temperature of
the pipes is raised. The latent heat of
steam being ! 200 degs., a great source
of heat is thus at command; but if the
pipes are allowed to cool again below
PIP degs fresh portion of steam is
condensed, and so on till the whole of
it has been converted into water and
hes parted with all its latent hest
Hot water affords another excellent
means for obtaining artificial warmth,
and the principles upon which the
process is conducted do not differ
essentially from those which govern
the last described. Pipes are arranged
in connection with boiler containing
water Heat being applied, those
particles Of the water nearest to the
source of tie heat first become warmed
and at TIC same time specifically
lighter. Ii this w&ter were allowed to
escape there would be & constant ne
cessity for rcplellis,iiilg tho boiler; but
after it has lost portion t i..j heat it
is returned to the boiler and the pro-