The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1887-02-23

Atnougn some people seem to have
very large eyes and some very small ones,
they are pretty nearly all Of one size, and
al perfect eyes are just about one inch in
diameter. The large cavity that contains
the bal! ID filed in with soft cushion Of
lat that gives the eye IN easy bed
and yielding support. The front Of
the eye is the cornea, named from q
word that means horn, for, clear
as 1t !s it is quite tough and capable Of
standing good deal, at the same time be.
ing the most sensitive and delicate part Of
tho body. It is set on the front of the
eye.ball exactly as crystal is set in q
watch, and serves largely the same pur.
pose: Thera.aEe three coa.s,t to the eye, the
tough, white coat on the outside called
the eclerotic, which means white. The
middle coverfngis called the choroid nam
ed from it's resemblance to the akin from
its numerous vessels. It is in the choroid
coat that nearly all the blood vessels Of
the eye arc contained. Theee, with the
black pigment, make it so dark,
and it acts like the black
cloth which the photographer throws
over his camera. The inner coat is the
retina, named from net, for it is thin,
transparent, veii-like eubntance, It II
delicate and sensitive to the rays Of LIGHT,
for 1t is really only the thin expanded
tibres Of the optic norvo, which enters at
the back OF the eye from the brain. The
iris is the part OF the eye that gives it
distinctive color, aa blue, grey, brown, etc.
Iris means rainbow and It ia we'll named
for the beautiful colors Of the iris in most
eyes resemble the varying hues OF the
rainbow moro than anything elso The
pupil, or az it ia commonly cailed, the
.sighttt Of the eye," is round opening in
The. pupil is intended to serve as an
opening to admit the light, and 1t is con-
stantly changing in eizs, according 10 the
light it is exposed to. It is interesting to
note tho different shades OF tho pupils OF
different orders Of animals. The carniy.
orous animals have vertical sll!s for
pupils, as they look up and down for their
prey. You can ace this best in the cat,
whose pupils are mere. alits in a bright
light, but in the dark, when they are alter
rats, the eye is nearly all pupil. The owl,
who does night work altogether, has the
same kind Of pupils, aud can scsrcely see
at all in the light. The grazing animals,
Ike the horse, and COW and sheep, have
oblong horizontal pupils, 30 thoy can bet.
ter SEQ about them as they Craze. Man Is
both carnivorouB and herbivorous, and
should never be out all night, 30 that his
pupils are perfectly round. ~ ~
A noted German oculist, who must
have been an atheist, once said tha. If his
instrument maker would send him an in.
strument as imperfect as the average
human eye he would send it back aud
have him make better one. But our
eyes have become imperfect because we
have misused them and made them 90.
There are three Causes Of detective vision,
far sighteduess or long sight, near sight
edness or short sight, and nstigmatism,
which is a hard word for defect that is
Just as hard to understand or explain.
These detects depend ION the shape
Of the eye. II tho ball is perfect in shape
the rays will fall directly on the retina. II
the ball is too short the image fallg back
Of the retina; and II it is too long, it will
fall in front OF the rotina. A short eye,
then, makes long sight, long eye
makes short sight, and IN astigmatic eye
makes bad sight at all distances. Far
siglhtedness Is generally hereditary, near
sightedness is hereditary, too, but may be
caused by over use OF the eyes. When
thus caused It generally comes during the
school age, from 9 to 10, and keeps in.
creAsing up to 25. The German nation ia
the most cultivated and most studious In
the world, and as a result, Germans are
largely nearsighted. = n tTE r, ,,i
You often hear asked, '""Why do &c
many persons, especially children, wea,