davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Southern standard. (McMinnville, Tenn.) 1879-current, 1887-06-04

chapel, and were Delightfully."- enter
tanned for couple of hours with the
following program:
Chorus, Spring Song, Pinsuti-
Glass.
Latin Salutatory, Miss Ella Bonds,
Arkansas.
instrumental solo, Polonaise. Opus
40-ChOpin-Miss Dora Carolan, Ar
kansas.
Glass History, Miss HIKE Gardner,
Tennessee.
Vocal Duet, Ship Ahoy, Millard.
Misses Witherington and Forgey.
French Recitation, La Mort de
Jeanne d'Arc-Miss Mary Steele
Ewing, Maryland.
Glass Essay, Miss Leona Wither-
ington, Tennessee.
Instrumental Solo, Rondeau Bril-
liant. Opus 50, Weber-Miss Ella
Bullard, Texas.
Glass Poem, Miss Mary Wofford,
Texas.
Recitation, Robert of Sicily-Miss
Maud Cody, Tennessee.
Glass Prophecy, Miss Essie Nc
Bride, Texas.
instrumental Duet, La DIuette de
Portici, Auber-Misses Bullard and
Forgey.
Valedictory, Miss Emma Irvine,
Texas.
instrumental Solo, Recollections Of
Home, Mills-Miss Lucy Forgey
Tennessee.
WEDNESDAY NIGHT.
At 8 O'Clock Wednesday night
after a beautiful chorus by the class
and an instrumental quartette by
Misses Ritchey, Waters, Farmer
and Bullard, the Annual Address was
delivered by Rev. VIM. H. Black
He took for his subject " The I'm
known" and held the undivided at
tention of his audience for nearly ar
hour. The leading thought of the
address was that in God, in mankind
in life, in knowledge, in nature, ant
in all animate and inanimate crea
ton there is a great unknown realm
and that the desire to know more o
this unknown, and the striving afte,
it, furnishes the stimulus for all tn,
higher and nobler development 0
mankind. The speaker brought be
fore his hearers very clearly the fac
that the greater knowledge a MAJ
achieves, the more sensible he be
comes of the infinitude and immensi
ty of the unknown.
The exercises were concluded b,
the comforting of degrees and award
ing diplomas to the eleven seniors a
shown in the class day program
above, and the presentation by Capt
]. w. Irwin in very happy manne
of a number Of gold medals as fol
lows:
To Miss Maggie Buquo, of Erin
Tenn, for scholarship, from Mis-
Buchanan.
To Miss Mary Ritchey, of McMinn
vile, for music, from Miss Reed.
To Miss Emma Farmer, of Martin
Tenn, for music, from Miss Wendell
To Miss Lucy Forgey, of Arlington
Tenn, for music, fall term, fror
Miss Halsell. For this medal, Mis-
Ella Bullard, of Waxahachie, Texas
was tied with Miss Forgey, and
was decided by drawing from a hi
two slips of paper, on one of whic
was written "prize." Fortune fl
vored Miss Forgey in the drawing.
The exercises throughout were {
the most interesting and entertain
ing nature. Compliments and boz
quets were profusely showered upo
the young ladies for the exceller
manner in which they performe
their various parts. Large and al
preciative audiences attended ever
occasion, and the verdict of all an
for all was well DONE"
Z -f,r,
Southern standard. (McMinnville, Tenn.) 1879-current, 1887-06-04
Brieflets.
Small Talk and Gossip About Town.
Personal Intelligence.

cost at Smart & Co.'S.
Flour from the new Falcon Roll
er Mill can now be found in the
stores of McMinnville.
$3.50 worth of fishing tacle just
received and for sale by J.B. .Ritchey.
H. l.. Walling has houses for rent,
and the new Roller Mill Flour, cheap
En-.
Smart & Co. beat them all on
Soda Water.
Mr.. Jas. M. Holman, of Bowling
Green, KY; spent two or three days
of the last week visiting here.
--l25 pounds of Calico and Lawn Rem.
nants, 90 cents per pound at o. NJ. Thurman
& Sons
Straw Hats at less than cost at j.
G. M. Ross & Sons.
Ladies' Straw Hats in all colors,
% cents each, at j. c. M. Ross &
Sons.
For best and cheapest hay rakes
go to Mead & Ritchey.
Mr.. Horace Woodlee, of Chatta-
nooga, came over Wednesday on a
visit to relatives here.
Smoke "Faultless" cigars, at
Smart & Co.'S.
Mr.. Asa Crowder of Sparta, has
taken the position of travelling sales
man for the Annis Cotton Mills of
this place.
100 latest standard novels, 2
cents each, at J.. B. Ritehey's.
Mr.. B. w. Payne is erecting a
new saw mill near Laurelburg, Van
Buren County, Tenn.
"A fresh stock of these matchless
cigars, "Indian Princess" and "Pan-
sy Blossom" just received by d. L.
Brown.
The annual meeting of the War
rem County Bible Society will be held
at the Methodist church in this place
Sunday night.
Sweet potato plants for sale by
j. B. Ritchey.'
Go to the Cash Store Of J. c. M.
Ross & Son for the best bargains in
all kinds of dry goods, notions, cloth
ing and hats.
Ice Cream every Monday,
Wednesday, and Saturday, at Smart
& Co.'S.
1t took four hundred and thirty
dollars worth of railroad tickets tC
carry the girls from G. F. College
home.
Buy Steel Champion Self Bind
er, the best harvester now in use
One may be seen at Mead q Ritchey'c
warehouse.
Mr.. Jas. Cameron, ofSparta, stop
ped here a day or two this week on hi!
return home from school at Cumber
land University, Lebanon.
Misses Bonnie Hamilton anC
Birdie Gross returned home last Sat
urday from a weeks visit to relative
at Woodbury..
The examination exercises are il
progress at the City School to-da!
| (Friday). The first year ofthe schoo
will close this afternoon.
Mrs. Rose Trigg, nee Lamon, o
Chattanooga, former student of c
F. College, has been visiting friend
in this vicinity for the last week.
-Mrs.T. NJ. Goodnight, of Frank
lin, KY, who had a daughter attend
ing G. F. College, attended the Com
mencement exercises this week.
Mis- Mollie Burnham, of Viola
is visiting McMinnville this week
the guest of Miss Pattie White.
Mr.. B. F. Nevils, a railroad ma
from Little Rock, was here Wedne'
day. He came to take charge of tn
crowd of College girls going to the
homes.
On last Saturday, Mr.. VIM. Nj
Bride, while getting out logs at tn
foot of Ben Lomond, had the mlsfor
une to get his right leg badly crushe
below the knee. DIR. A. B. Ran
sey was called and made successfl
amputation of the limb above IL
knee. The patient was doing qui
well at last accounts.
Southern standard. (McMinnville, Tenn.) 1879-current, 1887-06-04
LIST OF LETTERS

Remaining in the Postofice at McMinn.
vile, Tenn, for the week ending June 3,
which will be forwarded to the Dead Letter
Southern standard. (McMinnville, Tenn.) 1879-current, 1887-06-04

office If not called for In 80 days.
Bailey, D. Moore, Susie E.
Bates, Henry Mcbride, W. B.
Brown, j. Phillips, E. NJ.
Carter, Jennie Marbury, Syntha
Cantrell, Maggie Ramsey, Ton 2
Druse, Alpha Randolph, W. C.
Daugherty, j. C. Scoggins, Mary
Earthman, W. B. Settle, Ellen
Elkins, Arizona Smith, Matte
Frankie, A. & Co., Tate, Robert
Husley, ]. II. Umbles, Joseph
Jett, Martha Woodley, Dennis
Jones, J. w. WomaGk, ]. p.
Moore, D. Z. Walling, R.
Webb, NJ, D.
Parties calling for any of these letter;
will please say " Advertised"
ED. J. WOoD, P. NJ.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
NEGLECTED

EDITOR PROGRESSIVE FARMER:-
Complaint is made that children do
not learn in the public schools as they
should. The following are some of
the reasons why they do not. In
many so-called school-houses the ac-
cOmmodations are not what they
should be. Frequently the house
is an old log wall about 20x2O feet,
with about four windows, the glass
half gone, about seven or eight old
benches, with the backs off, if they
ever had any, an old slab, put up
against the wall, with the round side
down, for writingdesk, an old chair
with the bottom half gone, for the
teacher to sit on, the fireplace with
the back punched out, the floor with
cracks which you cal stick your
hand through, a water bucket with
n of the bands off, and an old dip
per with the handle off: This is a
sample of many of our school houses.
Another reason why the children
do not learn, is the great variety of
old books they bring to school. One
has Davies Arithmetic, another has
E%merson's, another has Sanford's,
another has Smiths Grammar, an
other Reed and KelIogg's, one will
have Holmes Reader, another the
North Carolina Reader, another
McGuffey's, another the History of
North Carolina, another the History
of the World and four II five geog-
raphy classes, and about thirty little
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
SHEEP IN A YARD.

Professional sheep growers seldom
turn sheep into a yard with other
stock. They have learned by expe-
riencc that it does not pay. In the
case of high priced blooded stock it
has sometimes been pretty dear
experience.
The farmer who keeps but few
sheep and has never made a special
study ofthe business cannot do bet
ter than to follow the example OF
those who have; yet we notice that
it is the almost invariable custom
with such farmers to allow their
sheep to take their chances among
the mixed stock of the common
yard.
In most cases they r obliged to
get their living from the straw stack
around which vicious horned cat
tie hold sway. Many Of the more
timid of the flock will go hungry
before they will jeopardize them
selves by crowding in to get a small
share of the common rations.
Unless a sheep is killed outright,
the owner is not aware of an injury
when it occurs. 1t is a matter of
great wonder to him, however, that
he has no more lambs from so many
ewes. Looking at the matter under
standingly it is a greater wonder
that he has any, or that half his
ewes remain alive.
1t costs but little to have an extra
yard for the sheep opening off their
own pen or house. A few feet of
lumber and a few hours time can
be we'll expended here. The man
who makes proper provision for his
sheep in this way is not the man
who says: There amt nc profit in
sheep anyway. | just keep a few
to eat up the odds and ends" as a
farmer remarked to the writer only
a feW/days ago.-Ind. Farmer.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
LOOKING UP.

Agriculture is looking up! Men
are coming, careworn, and sick, and
bankrupt, from their counting-houses
and their workshops to cultivate the
soil. Here's a hearty welcome to
them on the threshold of Eighty
seven, and let us all. old farmers,
young farmers, practical farmers
no n hasany use forpolitical farm
ers-endeavor to command respect
for the cultivation of the soil. Let
us be Industrious, honest, right
minded and we'll behaved, and let us
improve the "goodIy heritage" left
us by our fathers.
Farmers have been crowded to the
wall about long enough, and made
to pay too large a share of taxes. It
was not SO in the good old times,
when George Washington was a
farmerat Mount Vernon, andThomas
Jefferson was a farmer at Monticello,
and John Adams was a farmer at
Quincy, and Timothy Pickering was
a farmer at Wenham! Agriculture
was then thought of in the councils
ofthe nation and Of the State. When
laws were passed, regard was had to
the interest of farmers, and these
farmers in turn made their profess
sion honorable by selecting candi-
dates from among themselves. Poll
tics ragged then, as they always will
rage, but the farmers kept a good
gang of officers in the field of Gov
eminent, and there was none of the
mean misrepresentation and the Ju-
das-like treachery which is now
practiced in the selection of candi-
dates.-Ben Perley Poor, IN american
CultivdtOr.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
THE PROGRESSIVE FARMER, MARCH ,, 1884,

fellows in Webster's old speller. No
teacherin the world could class them
to any advantage with such a variety
Of books.
Another reason why they do not
learn is because, in many instances,
thew have no one to teach them.
The committees will hire the mar
that will teach for the least money
because they think it saves a few
dollars.
Then people will send their chill
dren to schoolabout two days IN the
week, and blame the teacher because
they don't learn. ~
A man can't prepare himself tor
teaching and teach for $18, $40 and
$25 per.month and board himself
out Of it. If you want good schools
give your teachers somewhere to
teach and then pay them for their
work. l. N. w.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
MAKING AN ASPARAGUS BED.

For spring planting, extra good
n year old asparagus plants are
nearly, or quite, as good as the aver
age two year old plants. For autumn
planting, two year old plants, espec'
tally if they are good, r best. On
rather heavy land there is a decided
advantage in making the bed in the
autumn. At this season such land
is dry and by deep and repeated
blowing can be much more thorough
Iy pulverized than early in the
spring.
We have set out these asparagus
beds during the last twenty years
and the one that has given the best
results is one that we set because
we happened to have a lot of spare
plants, and we set them out to save
them. We took no nor pains III
preparing the bed than we should
tor sitting out lot Of cabbages OF
Strawberries. The ground was
marked out in rows three inches
apart, and the plants set eighteen
inches apart in the rows. The rooI'
were spread out and covered WIFI
about two inches of soil. WeconciuG-
ed that all the old-fashioned methoo'
that involve so much labor are
unnecessary. If the bed is maze IL
the fall, after setting out the Plan'.
and covering them with two y,
three inches Of soil, it would W u
we'll to cover the bed with a goou
coat of stable manure. Next spring
when growth commences, SOW g n
four or five pounds of nitrate OF So %"
to the square rod, and repeat 'nt f
dose every year. A covering ~
manure every fall, three or lou II
inches thick, will do no harm
you cannot procure nitrate OF sou+'
use nitrate Of potash.-Agr'c"7"''S''
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
SHEEP AND

1t is to be remembered that the
sheep does not make itself Il debtor
to the land. 1t will return more
than it takes off, and, as a matter of
fact, it would take very little off, if
it returned nothing. If the cost of
a five-pound fleece of woolis estimat-
ed it will be found to be very little,
for it would require the making OF
only one-ftth an ounce a day, and,
certainly, that would require but
little feed. The mineral matter
taken from the soil by such a fleece
is a little over an ounce and a half,
If we compare what a number of
sheep that will equal a cow-say a
half a dozen mutton sheep-will
cost the soil in mineral matter with
what a COW, giving four thousand
pounds of milk during the year, will
cost it in mineral matter, we shall
see how very little the sheep cost
in that direction. The half dozen
will take from the soil not much
more than nine and a half ounces of
mineral matter. The COW will take
twenty six pounds, forty-three times
more. The COW takes also thirteen
times more nitrogen than the sheep
will take.
We are, the reader will remember,
only estimating what the fleece of
the sheep and the milk of the cow
will require. If we go further, and
estimate the relative draft upon the
soil for bone, and muscle and fleece
and milk we shall find that the
waste of the mineral matter is not
more than one-third as great in the
six sheep as it is in the COW. The
sheep improves the soil, as is we'll
understood, and if, in addition to
that, We have a greater profit than
we have from the cow, we can begin
to realize that there is a great deal
in the old Spanish adage that "the
sleeps foot is golden though that
originally applied to the improve
ment of the SOIL Western Rural.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
Correspondence.
THE HARLEQUIN CABBAGE BUG.

EDITOR Progressive FARMER
The harlequin cabbage bug, or" calico
bug" is an insect which rejoices in
the scientific name Murgantia his
trionica. These scientific names,
which are often called by us "jaw-
Breakers" seem to have no delete
rious effect upon the health or hap
piness of injurious insects. So, when
the readers of the PROGRESSIVE FARM
Err learn that this pest OF the cab
bage has such a terrible name, they
may be assured it will in no-wise
lessen the numbers or ravages OF
this pretty, but naughty bug, when
it makes its appearance upon the
cabbages in the early spring.
The first published account OF this
insect and it's injuries was in the
year 1866, by a gentleman from
Washington county, Texas. Since
that time it has spread over all the
Southern States and we'll up into
the Northern States. The bug win
ters in the adult form, hiding in
sheltered hooks or crevices, or among
the rubbish or weeds in the garden.
Very early in the spring, as soon as
any of the cruciferous plants are
we'll enough advanced, it is ready to
deposit it's eggs. These are placed
on the under side Of the leaf in two
rows, side by side, and make very
pretty objects, looking like two rows
Of minute barrels. In warm weather
the egg matches in from 3 to 4 days.
| The larva of this and related insects
resembles the parent, but lacking
wings and being much smaller in
size. As they grow they cast their
skins, at short periods, az they be-
come too large for the ones which
they wear At each successive
"molt" the wings are larger, until
at last it sheds it's skin, the last time,
and is full grown, or adult. This
occupies about two weeks. SO it
will be seen that this bug is capable
of very rapid multiplication. 1t has
a sharp beak with which it punctures
the leaves of the cabbages and sucks
out their juices, causing them to
wither and die. 1t is said by some
that half a dozen will kill a cabbage
in a few days. This, of course,
would be before the cabbage was
very large. The harlequin cabbage
bug is a very hardy insect and is
proof against the most of inSecti-
cides. An effective mode, but Il la
borious one, of destroying it is
" hand-picking.' This would require
daily vigilance. Another method is
the application Of hot water to the
infested %cabbages. 1t is best for each
one to test for himself the degree Of
heat necessary to kill the insect and
leave the plant unframed. Perhaps
n of the best things to do is to
take time by the forelock and
burn all rubbish in the gardens nom.
In this way great numbers will be
destroyed, which otherwise would
deposit eggs to increase the number.
By all means, ererybody who raises
cabbages should "sound the tOcsin
Of war" early. Too many wait to
see if an insect is doing much harm
before they attempt to destroy it.
The sooner the attack is made, the
less will be the labor of their destruc-
ton and the greater the return for
the labor. GEO. F. ATKINSON.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
THE FARMER AND pourT ~

"Fannie Field" in Prairie E,.u
discourscs on poultry and the farmmesr,
as follows: 'nef,
"Many poor farmers are reluoto
to take poultry OF eggs to marI'a0
because Of a false pride. TherN
gard the business of keeping fou re,
as out of their sphere, a kind Of " "S
woman's occupation, with wb;oI
they cannot afford to NEEDLE ",a
the same time, the thrifty wife mar
be making more clear profit on no"I
try, than the farmer makes franz ',
small farm. There are thousands "a
such farmers in the Northwest u
is no wonder that sometimes tba
wife gets the idea that John is slow
and not trying to pull his half of
the load. He does not even lend on
cOuragement to her efforts, Ho
grumbles about the food they con.
sumo, and takes no i~nterestin buiId
ing houses or coops. He even do.
clares that poultry is a positive
detriment, and points to the strug.
Cling garden as a proof, when the
real cause of failure is, that the SAM
piece Of ground is planted year at.
ter year with no fertilizer. He never
compliments his wife for the nice
chickens or fresh eggs she serves on
the table, from her thrifty poultry
department. False ideas about pouI.
try are not possessed by all small
farmers. There r. many young
men who have retained from their
boyhood experience an interest in
the ways Of egg-production, and give
hearty cooperation with the wife.
They enter as heartily into plan.
ming and building a chicken house,
as for horse stable o. a hog-pen.
They feel a glow of pride when the
economical wife takes enough eggs
to town to pay for the groceries, or
sells enough chickens in winter to
pay for a much coveted sewing ma
chine. One of their pleasures is to
eulogize the good things presented
on the table from the poultry house.
"The use Of tools, and the con
struction of coops, nets, etc, have
been so carefully excluded from the
education of most women, that their
efforts need to be supplemented by
those of the husband. While the
selection of Il suitable breed, if pure
bred fowls are desired, need not in.
terest him so much as the selection
of a breed of cattle for his barns
still the matter of the breeds in
poultry is worthy As great minds as
his own. The plan Of a permanent
poultry house, when the time comes
to afford one, should command his
wide-awake interest. How to make
the poultry pay for a fence around
the garden should be Of interest to
all. Poultry books read aloud in
the family circle, should be alike Of
interest to the wife and husband
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09
Only fifty years ago the averao

Only fifty years ago the average
duration of human life in Great
Britain was thirty years; to-day,
according to statistics, it is forty
nine years. In this fifty years the
population has increased by S,OOO.-
900. At least two out of these
100000 of increase may be put
down as the fruit of improved sani-
tary and medical work, and of
victory over %preventable sickness.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09

Italian cabinet work, uneXceleb
for finish, is first saturated WV"
olive oil, after which a solution -
gum in alcohol is applied: lni
mode of vanishing is equally of'"'
ant to the French.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-03-09

linseed meal or oat meal in place Of
milk. Cotton-seed meal is too hard
to digest for calves or any other
young stock.
HENS AROUND BARNS.
1t is undoubtedly true that fowls
will lay better for having the range
of a barnyard, as both the exercise
and the scattering grain they may
pick up are excellent. 1t is best, as
far as possible, to compel poultry to
earn their living by hard scratching.
Over feeding with grain spread on
the surface of the ground Or placed
in tins to keep it from the dirt is a
common cause of failure among
amateur poultry keepers. The great
drawback to keeping fowls around
barns is that they will get access
to hay stacks and other feed Of cat
tie and horses and by soiling unfit
them for feeding. On no account
should they be allowed in horse
stables. They will often impudent-
ly run over grain in feed boxes
while horses are eating, and fowls
are never over careful about soiling
their feet.
COVERING VINES IN WINTER.
The less hardy varieties of grape
vine are benefited by a light cover
ing of straw during Winter. This
is not especially to protect them
from severe freezing, but to prevent
the frequent changes of temperature
to which the vines would otherwise
be subjected. Hence the fact that
the coolest weather has mostly pass
ed is not Il reason for ~neglecting this
protection. 1t is towards Spring,
when the sun gets considerable
power, that the changes of tempera-
turc are greatest. In the short days
of early Winter, the vine is dormant
IN unbroken frost. Towards Spring
it is possible that with the sun
shining on the vine in midday it
may for two three hours have
almost a Summer temperature, and
before the next morning this same
protection from winds may allow
the temperature to fall to nearly
zero. The sudden alteration of such
changes may be injurious to even the
most hardy plants. Besides, when
grapevines lie exposed on the ground
it's surface radiates heat very rapidly
in warm weather in Spring, Buds
push forward prematureIy, and are
liable to be nipped by late trosts.
SO soon as warn days begin grape
vines laid down and not covered
should be put up on the treIIis.
There they will be safer from excess
sive warmth by day, or sudden
lowering of the temperature at night.
But if thinIy covered with straw
they may like without injury until
danger of frost is past. The buds
kept dormant a few days later than
those exposed will push with greater
vigor when placed where they can
get the full benefit of sun shine and
warm air.