davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

some time after his graduation. He was
actively engaged in fighting from the be-
ginning of the civil war; He commanded a
brigade at Bull. Run, and was made briga-
dier general in September, 1861. The 'empty
sleeve" familiar in his portraits hos been car
ried since 1862 at the battle Of Fair Oaks.
where lie lost the right arm that filled it. At
Antietam lie was III command Of Summers
corps. In 1868 he had command OF the
Eleventh corps.
Gen. Howard distinguished himself ut
Gettysburg. Afterward he was ordered
west, participated in the fights Of Lookout
Mountain and Missionary Ridge and helped
relieve Knoxville. During Sherman's march
to the sea and up to the time Of Johnston's
surrender Howard commanded the right wing
of the army. After the war he was United
States commissioner Of the freedmen's bureau.
He was president Of Howard University for
Freedmen for time, and also served as spe-
cial commissioner to the Indians. He has
cational and benevolent enterprises. In 1885
he was promoted to be one of the three major
generals permitted by law In the United
States army. He is ut present in command
of the department of the Pacific
Stoneman's corps Of Hooker's grand divis-
ion was pushed up behind the divisions Of
Franklin OIL the Federal left at Fredericl0-
burg in time to aid in the repulse Of the Con-
federates there. His advantage was not
pushed by Franklin. He considered that LIS
orders from Burnside did not justify him In
doing so. Burnside, in the course Of the
day, sent an order for him to attack on the
front, but by the time it reached Franklin it
was too near dark for it to be obeyed, the
latter general considered. So the fighting Of
the left grand division at Fredericksburg was
over.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14
BURNSlDE'S CAMPAIGN.

Gen. Burnside was man of fine, soldierly
presence, and highly esteemed. He was born
in Liberty, Ind, in 1924, and was graduated
at West Point in 1S47, just in time to be sent
to Mexico. He afterwards resigned from the
army and established factory for making
a breech loading rifle Of his own invention
in Rhode Island. His career was varied
one, and when the war began, in 1861, he
was an officer Of the Illinois Central railroad.
He Immediately joined the Union army as
colonel of Rhode Island regiment, and rose
to be major general of volunteers imme-
diately after the first Bull Run. He was put to
duty along the Atlantic coast, and Newbern,
Beaufort and Roanoke Island were trophies
OF his military ability.
At the beginning Of Pope's campaign he
was called to Virginia. He performed active
and distinguished service through that and
the Maryland campaign. So well was he
thought Of that the command Of the Army
of the Potomac had been offered to him twice
before he accepted it, and each time he had
refused it. His nodesty seems to have been
unequaled in the history of army officers.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

GEN. TALIAFERRO. ana had zone no
less hard marching than fighting.
Gen. Richard II. Anderson, division COM
mander in Longstreet's corps, had, like all the
others, passed through the ordeal Of fighting.
He had aided in the capture of Harper's
Ferry, had been sharply engaged at Antie-
tam, and now with the rest awaited the shock
of battle at Fredericksburg.
Gen. Richard H. Anderson was q South
Carolinian, graduate of the United States
Military academy in 1S42. He served in
Mexico. When the first probabilities Of war
began to be talked Of he resigned from the
United States army in March, 1861. He en-
tered the Confederate service as soon as it
came into existence and shortly became a
brigadier general. He was wounded at An
tietam, though not mortally like his name
sake, Gen. G. T. Anderson.
The Confederates always spoke of Their
army under Lees immediate command as the
Army of Northern Virginia, just as the force
opposed to them was designated throughout
the war as the Army of the Potomac.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14


ing the war he reached the rank of major gen.
eral. Since then he has served two terms as
governor of South Carolina, previous to his
election to the United States senate.
Senator Hampton's grandfather, also
called Wade Hampton, was likewise soldier
and politician. He was an officer in the rev.
oluticn and member Of congress in 1795.
The old man died columbia, s. c., in 1884,
the richest planter and slave owner in the
United States. 81, ~ -.......
TheAname Of Lee was numerously repre-
sented in the officers grouped around the
Confederate commander. Brig. Gen. W. H.
F. Lee, the cavalry commander, was Robert
E. second son. Robert Els nephew, Fitz
Hugh, also cavalryman, held prominent
command in the Army of Northern Virginia.
All of Lees sons-three Of them-served in
the Confederate army The eldest CIV, c.,
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14
FREDERICKSBURG.
Gen. Burnside's Campaign on
the kappahannOck
AQUARTER CENTURY AG0NE
Story of the Sunken Road and the
Fatal Stone Wall.

Portraits of Leading Generals on Both
Sides-Burnside Arranges His Army
in Three Grand Divisions Commanded
by Sumner, Franklin and Hooker.
AIarye's Heights-"A Chicken Could
Not Live Upon That Field"-waves OF
Men In Blue Fight and Fall.
fCopyrighted by the American Press Association
-. Those who have followed somewhat closely
the career of Gen. Mcclellan cannot fail to
be impressed that there was fate which
more than once deprived him Of victory at
the. moment it seemed surely in his grasp.
Just before the beginning of Pope's campaign
In Virginia, while the Army of the Potomac
was still ON the James below Richmond, Nc
Clellan announced himself ready to strike the
Confederate capital. Even he seemed to be
satisfied that his army was ready and suf-
ficiently large. If he had attacked Rich. md
just at that time, early in August, 1867,
it could have been taken, most likely, for Lee
had well nigh strip a it Of defenders to send
men against Pope in Northern Virginia.
But ut the very time Mcclellan was giving
orders 20 advance OIL Richmond, Halleck sent
bin q peremptory command to quit the
peninsula with his army and prepare to CO.
operate with Pope. Nothing was left but to
obey, and McC Clellan's opportunity was lost
After the battle Of Antietam, Sept. II,
1862, there was an interval Of doing nothing.
Mcclellan distributed his army along the
Maryland side Of the Potomac, watching its
fords He evidently thought the used UP
army Of Lee might attempt another invasion
Of Maryland. He called vigorously for re-
endorsements, supplies of all kinds. By the
last Of September he bad an army Of 100000
men, still on the Maryland side Of the Poto-
mac. Oct. President Lincoln directed the
general to ''cross the Potomac and give battle
to the enemy, or drive him SOUTH"
But Mcclellan was not yet ready to do so.
While he was waiting, that dashing Con-
federate cavalry leader, j. E. B. Stuart.
made one Of his characteristic raids, and,
tiguratively. speaking, tweaked the nose
of the whole Army Of the Potomac under
the eyes of its commander. Oct. 10 he
crossed the Potomac into Maryland with
1900 cavalry, near Williamsport, gal
loped northward into Chambersburg,
Pa, destroyed the public property there,
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

on. Daily, as of old, the newspaper head
lines announced, "All quieton the Potomac" !"
Then the old impatience and dissatisfaction
broke out anew, and the country began to
wonder why it was SO quiet along the Po-
tomac.
More weeks went ON till it was six weeks
after the battle Of Antietam, and nothing
done. By that time Lees army was thor
oughly rested and REINFORCED, and amounted
to 10000. To the presidents orders to move
against him early in October Mcclellan had
answered that he must have new cavalry
horses. By the last of October he concluded
that he was ready to cross the Potomac. The
crossing was actually made Nov. 2.
Mcclellan ordered his main army to con-
centrate ut Warrenton, Va. On this Lee, his
army in good trim, his communications with
Richmond perfect, resolved to retreat south
ward. The main portion Of the Confederate
army marched up the Shenandoah valley,
turned off to the Rappahannocls and took po-
sition at Culpepper: Stonewall Jackson's
command, with the cavalry under j. E. B.
Stuart, remained behind to hang upon the
Union army and annoy and delay it as far
as possible till the main Confederate body
should be secure.
II one could have stood upon peak Of the
Blue Ridge mountains Of bright morning in
those early days Of November, 1862, he would
have seen a sight to thrill gods and men. On
the east side of the ridge McClellan's mighty
army of over 100, 900 men marched with wav-
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14
TOPOGRAPHY.

Lees plan for the battle of fredericksburg
was at once simple and admirable. Long
streets corps had been the first to arrive on
the ground, and it occupied the left, with
Gen. Richard H. Anderson on the extreme
left. Stonevau Jackson was on the right
and the forces of the two Joined i'll the center
and encircled Fredericksburg
To understand the fight fully, glance at the
accompanying map. Five miles below Fred
ericksburg the little Massaponax river
flowed into the Rappahannock from the west
A ridge of hills sloped down to the Kappa
hammock above. the Massaponax, running
from the northwest. Five miles above the
Massaponax the ridge retreats from che river
far enough to leave plain, and upon thu
plain the town Of Fredericksburg was built.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

GIN. RANSOMs al peaSoAhS oh3o sAAAo
Gen. Ransom is now United States Senator
Matt. w. Ransom. from North Carolina.
Gen. Ransom, was native of North Caro-
lima, born in 1926 He was educated in his
own state, became lawyer, and held various
local offices previous to the civil war. Then
he entered the Confederate army and passed
up through various promotions to the rank OF
major general. He continued in the Army
Of Northern Virginia till the end, and sur
rendered with Lee at Appomattox. He is
now serving his third consecutive term in the
United States senate.
Another Confederate general who has en-
tered Washington by different route from
the one he proposed twenty-five years ago is
Wade Hsmpton, United States senator from
South Carolina. He too was at Fredericks-
burg and commanded a brigade of cavalry,
w. H. F. Lee commanding another. j. E.
B. Stuart was the division cavalry COM
mander.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

=. Longstreet perceived at once the advantage
Of this position. Behind the high wall lna
stationed some $500 soldiers, under command
of Gems. Kershaw and T. r. R. Cobb Thus,
like Antietam, Fredericksburg, too, had it,
sunken road.
Up toward the fatal stone wall and tEc
sunken road came the columns Of the Union
army They massed upon the narrow plain al
the foot of Marye's hill. Above them, tlM
moment they came within range, the Confed.
crate artillery upon the heights poured hot
fire into them. It cut great holes in their
ranks-gaps which could be seen mila
Longstreet says In moment the gaps were
closed again, however, and the devoted men
marched on.
Half the narrow plain at the foot OF
Marve's hill was crossed, when, 10! it seemed
us if all the thunders and lightnngs of heaven
burst upon them. A living sheet of frs
blinded their eyes, an Internal din roared in
their cars, and when it passed hundreds of
brave mel lay upon that plain, never more to
see or hear aught with earthly eyes or ears
again.
The deadly lightnings shot forth from
Longstrcet's hidden guns behind the stone
wall in The sunken road.
Against that fire no living thing could
stand French's soldiers fell back. Han
cocks came on gallantly. Another sheet Of
living fire, another Internal roar, and hun
dreds of other bodies were piled upon those
that already lay upon the ghastly plain. One
brigade after another came OH, each in its
turn to he mown down and hurled back.
Those wLo saw the assault Of Marye's hill at
the sunkan road one and all speak of it as a
succession Of waves Of living human beings
in turn dashed and broken against the stcne
wall.
After French's and Hancock's divisions were
rcpulscd, Howards threw itself against the
wall. 1t, too, was driven back, broken and
bleeding That finished the available strength
Of the Second corps, Gen. Couch's. Then
Sturgis' division Of the Ninth corps was
ordered forward. The charge at Balaklava
is famed in history: More than twenty
charges like Balaklava would not have COM
passed the destruction wrought before the
stone wall at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862.
Six distinct waves Of troops assaulted the
works and fell back At one moment Lee,
watching the fight from Lees hill, expressed
apprehension to Longstreet that the position
might be taken, so never ending seemed to
be the lines of blue that advanced against it.
Longstreet replied:
General, if you put every man now OIL the
other side of the Potomac OH that field to ap-
proach me over the same line, and give me
plenty Of ammunition, will kill them all be-
ftGe thej reach my line"
Samuel Davis Stursis was born in Penn
sylvania in 1922 Graduated at West Point,
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

Tie troops could not 20 forward. A few
indeed reached the river after long delay,
only to find the Confederates ready for them
at the crossing.
The expedition was a failure. Officers
Of the Army Of the Potomac spoke Of it de-
risively as the Mud March. Burnside was
next relieved from command of the army sat
his own request" the government records
say Whatever his military capacity or the
lack of it. he was one of the most unselflsh
and patriotic of all the Union generals.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

render at Appo- uH.|. W. H. - 017'
mattox. They took part in the heaviest
fighting of the Army of Northern Virginia
throughout, severa! times distinguished
themselves, yet none of them was killed.
They survived to be estimable, and in some
some cases distinguished, citizens Of the
United States. "Fitz," as it was customary
to call Fitz Hugh Lee, is now the governor
of Virginia.
Another veteran among Lees officers was
Gen. w. B. Taliaferro. He also was a for
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14
EE,S GENERALS.

Around Lee in that deadly crescrn. upon
the heights of Fredericksburg were grouped
the tried generals whose stubborn fighting
qualities had enabled him to carry dismay to
the Army of the Potomac more than once.
Longstreet. Stonewall jackson, the Hills,
Jubal Early and Stuart, with his cavalry
men, were waiting for the deadly grapp.e
with Burnside's men,
Nov fba dow &bot Cpp,na,. roo obo5 Eo1-
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14
The Army Of the Potomac had alread..

The Army Of the Potomac had already
been the grave of the military regulations Of
Mcclellan and Pope. Burnside's name was
to add the third to the hapless list. After
his Fredericksburg campaign he was sent west
and performed distinguished service in the
department of the Ohio, freeing east Tennes-
see at length from the Confederates. During
the final campaign against Richmond he was
in the east again and commanded his old
Ninth corps, contributing not little to the
closing victory.
After the war he was three terms gov
ernor Of Rhode Island. He was in Europe
during the Franco German war, and was ad-
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

Wv
was an aid to JEFF
Davis and after
ward a general,
On the death of his
father G. w. G,
succeeded him as
president Of Wash
ington and Lee uni
versity in Virginia,
His third son, Rob
ert E., Jr., was 8
staff officer Of cav.
airy These Lees
continued with the
Confederate army
up to the final sur.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

cd. Burnside had prepared pontoon bridges.
Dec. II was the day be fixed for the crossing.
That morning, before daylight, the bridges
were brought down to the shore and
the engineers set to work to construct them.
As the dawn broke, booml boom! went an
unshotted cannon from Marye's heights, tell
ing Lee and his men that the time was come.
Barksdale's sharpshooters within the town Of
Fredericksburg began firing on the bridge
builders. They prevented the completion of
the bridges. The batteries from Stafford
heights were then trained upon Fredericks-
burg. They battered it down, yet the sharp.
shooters were not dislodged. Then Union
volunteers to cross the river in open boats
and drive out the sharpshooters were called
for. This was done with the loss Of 800 men,
and the Fcderals took possession of the river
front Of Fredericksburg, Dec. II. That even
ing and the next day Summers and Frank.
Inns grand divisions crossed, leaving part OF
Hooker's center grand division on the Fall
mouth side.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

mouth, opposite
Frederic k s b urg,
Lee sent two divis-
ions, under Nc
Laws and Ransom,
accompanied by
cavalry and al'til-
lery, to occupy
Frederick S b burg.
Ransom took con-
spicuous part in
the bloody fighting
that afterwards oc-
Cured there. 1t
may be mentioned
&l Ato.,
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

turned SouthWarQ,
circled around Nc
Clellan's army
lying on the Po-
tomac, hurried
down the mouth OF
the Monocacy, in
Maryland, and
then l'ecrossed into
Virginia a II d
5 Joined Lee. Thus
; a second time this
' bold raider rode
around McClel-
lan's whole army.
Tho yyaetS went
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

mer OQlRQ SNCeS
officer.
Taliaferro was q
native Of Virginia.
He had been one of
Lees stanch b IS t
fighters, and was
severely wounded
at Groveton during
the Pope campaign.
His brigade be-
.longed to Stonewall
Jackson's famous
"Foot Cayalry,n u
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

mitted within the
belligerent lines.
He returned and
represented Rhode
Island in the Uni
ted States Senate.
While serving in
this capacity in
1881 he died, re-
spected and la
nented. At the
time the order
j came placing him
at the head Of the
Army Of the Po-
toma c, doubtful
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

Andrew "A. Huul
MAN, q graduate OF
West Point, and q
famous fighting
m a II. He was
Meade's chief Of
stuR when that
general command
ed the Potomac
army.
Thus French,
Hancock, Howard:
Sturgis, Griffin
and Humphreys
charged successive
ly upon Marye's
Heights, and sue
cessively their men
1- x1N--
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

days to prepare
for the battle, and
they made good
use of the time.
Alarye's hill was
the best point of
lookout, and to
the Confederates
stationed there
w"s assigned the
task Of watching
the opposite shore,
and announcing to
Lees army when
the first crossing
should be attempt
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

was in the Mexican
war and was cap
tured at Buena
Vista, but was ex-
changed. He won
the rank of captain
fighting Indians on
the frontier. At tie
beginning Of the
war Of '6l he was
III command of Fort
Smith, Ark. Here
every one Of his
subordinate officers
abandoned him and
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

was to assault and
carry the frown-
ing crest of Ma
rye's hill. TO begin
the fight lle sent
G. en-. w. II.
French's S conf
mand, Immediate
ly followed by that
of Hancock, 1.-TWO
divisions that had
never turned their
backs to the en-
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14
THE TERRIBLE STONE WALL.

In every great battle there is some point
aoout which the slaughter is thickest At
Fredericksburg it was the stone wall upon
the outer edge Of Telegraph road. Behind
this wall the road was practically sunken
one. 1t was quite invisible to the advancing
Eajorolo
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

side Of the Rap
pahannock, and
superintended their
transp or tati.on II
from Acquia Creek.
He decided that it
was necessary to
plant guns upon the
heights above the
left bank Of the
Rappahannock in
sufficient number
to cover the entire
length Of the oppo-
sing forces on the
.lx l.-1- uorrx,
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

SSRls W W AAS -
division in Sum-
ner's right grand
division, and led
one of the awful
charges a agains S t
Marye's hill.
oliver Otis
Howard was born
in Maine in 1880,
and was graduated
at West Point in
1854. He was in
structor in nlathe-
matics at the Mill
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

ing banners and
cleaning guns
south to Warren
ton. Gen. Alfred
Pleasonton led the
advance with the
cavalry.
On the west side
Of the Blue Ridge
he who looked could
have seen at the
same moment an
other great host
moving southwark.
It was Lees Army
Of Northern Vir-
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

VeQCburHSlQ6 lTOul
crossing, while W.
81. F. Lee guarded
the fords below the
town.
Hampton W as
born in South Car
olina in 1918, and
was graduated at
South Carolina
college. He en-
tered political life
at the beginning Of
his career, and was
elected to various
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

wide. On one side of it was the hin, upon the
other high stone wall had been built. This
wall was as high as ran's shoulders
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14
MARYE'S HILL.

Summers right grand division was to do the
fighting OIL Franklin's right. Summers task
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

Wade hampton distinguished himself in
the Confederate cavalry service. Lee placed
him on guard above Fredericksburg to pre-
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1887-12-14

DQCKS 10 Cuc ell
emy.n as he sale