The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1887-10-23

hand, and eleven days sfterwsrd MANN was
arrested and imprisoned. ..tt
The shook OF the Bicilian instruction hay-
ing pade itself felt through the length and
breadth Of the Italian peninsula, there was no
longer any force or pertinence In Metternlch's
declaration that Italy was only o geographic
cal expression" Nevertheless. Il was the up
rising In other and distant parts OF tho Aus
trian dominions that gave to the struggles Of
LON bard and Venetian patriots for liberal
government what seemed the promise Of uiti-
mate success. The most important, or ut least
most conspicuous, Of the popular victories
which embarrassed Mettsrnich had been
gained in Hungary. The determination
reached by Metternich at the close Of the Hun
garian Diet which had met In 1843 to super
sede the county assemblies Of Hungary by adj
ministrators named by executive authority.
had immensely strengthened the position
OF Kossuth, Deak, and other advocates
OF constitutional reform. When the Diet met
in 1s47 the Hungarian Liberals had framed
complete programme. including demands
for publicity Of parliamentary debates;a par
liamsntary journal, In which speeches were to
be published In full; triennial elections ana
regular yearly meetings OF the Diet; improve
ment OF the government OF towns and enlarge
ment OF their right Of election to the Diet; uni
versal taxation Of all CLASSES: the abolition OF
forced labor Of the peasant and OF other re-
strictions ON his mode OF life." A motion In
favor OF reform In the representation. which.
Of course. formed the core Of the Liberal pro-
gramme. was on Feb. 80. 1s48. carried In the
stronghold Of Magyar conservatism, tho House
of Magnates It was apropos of this resolu-
ton that szechenyi. the leader Of the Abso-
lutist party. entered In his diary tho words,
Z" Tout est perdu." n was. however. the decla-
ration Of policy made three days later
by Kossuth in the Presburg Assembly.
which is commonly described as the baptismal
speech OF the Austro- Hungarian revolution.
Kossuth had concluded o remarkable speech
by proposing an address to tho Emperor,
pointing out that ut was the want Of con-
stitutional life in the whole empire which him
dersd tho specific progress OF Hungary, and
that while an Independent government and
separate responsible Ministry were absolutely
essential to Hungary, 1t was also necessary
that tho Emperor should surround his throne
In all matters Of government with such consti-
tutional arrangements as wore indispensably
demanded By the needs OF the time" From
that hour there was at least an approach to
solidarity among Liberals throughout the far
scattered possessions Of the Hapsburgs. 1t Is
Mr.. Maurlce's opinion that had Kossuth him.
self remained true to the faith which he pro-
claimed In this speech Ia speech which seemed
to brush aside those national and provincial
jealousies which wers tho great strength Of
the Austrian despotisml 1t is within tho limits
OF probability that tho whole revolution Of
1sAS-49 might have had different result"
A report OF Kossuth's speech reached Vienna
In one day. and found the capital city in some
measure ripe for concerted demonstrations.
It was not, however. till March "a that . depu-
tation from the Vienna University laid before
the Emperor Q petition for Metternioh's re-
movsl. This request was treated at first with
but little consideration. but on tho next day.
after DR.. Fischof had harangued the students.
tho latter broke into the hall in which the
Estates OF Lower Austria were sitting and sum-
moned the Assembly to sanction the popular
demands. The attempt Of the Estates to evade
compliance with this wish led to ap immediate
insurrection on the part Of the students and
workingmen. and by evening Metternioh had
boon forced to resign his office, and, flying
from Vienna, he was ultimately chased by the
peoples detestation and his own fears to Eng
land, the refuge alike Of revolutionists and Of
reactionists. On March Is o responsible Min
istry was appointed. and there seemed good
reason to believe that Austria herself had at
last entered on the path Of constitutional prog
ress.
1t Is now important to LOOK back and sec what
had been done In Germany. by which country
even more than by Hungary the yiennese would
naturally be Influenced. Here. again, a COM
parison Of dates will show how little. even In
Baden, Bavaria, and Wurtemberg. the revo-
lutionary movement owed its impulse to
France. On Sept. 10. 1877. Hecker. LISTEN.
Aokh LODI JhAr L.
fenburg and demanded freedom Of the press,
trial by jury. and other specified reforms
among which may be noted, as ono Of the rcre,
symptoms of Socialist infusion, o request for a
settlement Of the differences between labor
and capital. Contemporaneously the impulse
toward German unity was gaining strength.
and on Feb. IL. 1s48. Basserman moved In the
Baden Chamber that the Grand Duke should
BIO petitioned to take steps for promoting COM
mon legislation for Germany. Fifteen days
later the Baden Liberals met at Mannheim and
decided to summon meeting at Carlsruhe for
the purpose OF demanding a truly representa-
tive German Parliament These facts mani
testify justify Mr.. Maurices assertion that 1T
was on ground already prepared that there
now fell the news of the French revolution lot
Feb. 24l Whom. on March l. the leaders of the
procession from Mannheim entered Oarlsruche
the Ministry were ready to mako concessions.
and on March the second Chamber Of Baden
demanded the repeal" Of the reactionary legis-
lation Of the preceding thirty years. and fur
Their called upon the Government to" take
means to secure the representation Of the Ger
man people In the Bundestag." The trumpet
rang forth from Baden. but 1t was answered by
Wurtemberg and by Bavaria. In Stuttgart
the citizens assembled to demand freedom OF
the press and German Parliament. and the
King. Notwithstanding tho pressure Of reac-
ZIONIST advisors, acceded to the request so far
as to summon Liberal Ministry.
A response still more unequivocal came from
Bavaria. On the news Of the Baden movement
the Munich Liberals broke into the arsenal.
provided themselves with arms. and peremp-
torily insisted upon German Parliament. A
Bavarian Parliament the King consented to
summon, but. reluctant to 60 further. abdi-
Gated in favor OF his son. From Munich tho
flame spread rapidly among other small States
OF Germany. In Hesse Cassel the citizens OF
Hansu marched upon the capital and COM
PEELED the Eector to carry out the wishes OF
his people. In Hesse Darmstadt and Nassau
even less obstruction was encountered by the
constitutional reformers. In Saxony, where