The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1887-04-27

tied these territories had no political rights
save those impaired to them by the Federal
Government. Their verv limited poS-
ers of self government. were enjoyed
under territorial constitutions framed and
prescribed for them by the Federal Congress !,
and when they became States it was by the
permission of COngress, which admitted
them under such conditions and terms as it
de med proper under the constitution, so
tn at wien the forces which had been 50 long
sgitating the country eliminated in war,
the relation of the States to the Federal Gov
eminent had tecome almost the reverse of
what II was at the birth of the Republ &C., In
1883 the States were the creators of the Fed
eral Government in 1861 the Federal Gov
eminent was the Great r OF a ms GRITTY of the
States. In 1889 the Federal Govern ment bad
derived all the powers deleg >ted to II by the
constitution from the states; in 1861 ma
jOrlty of the States derived all their powers
and attributes as States from Congress under
the constitution.
The policy of reconstruction was the off
spring of miscOnceptiOn and distrust, but
in the process OF time large portion Of the
dominant section saw not only the odious in
Justice of the system fastened upon the
South, but the danger TO the whole country
which its meinteb Rnce threatened. The re-
suit was full and equal restoration of the
Southern states, with all their rights under
the constitution, upon the one condition
that they would recogn 70 as elements OF
their new political life, tn validity the
thirtee 4 tn, fourteenth and fifteen tn amend
mentslto the constitution, guaranteeing and
esta blishing the indissolubihty # The
American Union and the universally of
American freedom.
HIS FIRST PRINCIPLES.
The orator then took up Mr.. Calhoun at the
time OF his entrance into Congress ut the
age of %, on the eve of the war of 1912. At
that time he rejected alike the dogma of the
sovereignty of monar chies and aristOcracies
en- the one hand, and on the other the shall
low fiction OF the social contract as the
boldly that society and government both
were of vine ordin ation; that the supreme
Creator and ruler of all had in His infinite
wisdom assigned to man the social and polit-
ical state as the bes adapted to the develop
ment Of the IN oral and intellectual faculties
and capacities with hich He had endowed
him. On this question Mr.. Calhoun was,
from principle, always - republican and an
American democ' a.. lie maintained thot
the people we're the legitimate source Of all
to be created "by them and for them
MI. Calhoun was elected to the Congress
that declared war against England, at the
age of q, and only two years. after being ad-
mitted to the bar. He immed lately took DO
sitiOn at the head OF its brilliant mem ers.
During the war between France and Eng
land. when both belligerents disregarded the
rights and interests of the United States,
W.T. OhiuOuu Wht pldCeu seCOnu on tn6 most
important committee, that of Foreign Rela-
lions. Its report, written by him, recon-
nended immediate preparations for war
with Great Bri, ain. In the debate that fol-
owed, Mr.. Calhoun made a speech in its
support, which stamped him ms an orator
md a statesman of the first rank, end made
lin the champion OF the war and the author
md supporter of the measures for its vigor-
rus prosecution. The effect of his speech in
,rousng the country to sense of wrong and
10 n and N tho win nf N NJ OF
u honor and threatened independence, was
ike magic.
MEASURES OF PEACE.
The orator then gave number Of opinions
of Mr.. Calhoun by EN- nent men
i his day. covering his career as Secretary
f War and Vice President. Approaching
he early course Of MI. Calhoun on the suo-
ect of p oteciOn,. internal improvements
md a national bank, Mr.. Lamar made az
.nalysis which the limited space OF this re-
,ort requires US to condense more than we
ike. lie explained that at that period a
protective tariff, internal improvements
md national bank were measures that
we're not questions of internal policy, but
elated exclusively. to the national security,
n cOnseq lence of the state of our external
Citations. Regarding them, as means
4 national defense against dangers from
Mr.. Calhoun did not look for the !
authority to adopt them in T. |
and described powers Of Con- |
ress, but be deducei il from the plenary |
.ower which pertained to the government as
0 'ations with other nations. In proof OF |
lis view the speaker cited many passaS es
rom Mr. Calhoun's speeches made at that |
eri d. Through all these speeches there
reathed the strongest ointment of devotion |
o the Union.
MULTIPLICATION.
Having now arrived, therefore, at the pc
iod Of notification, Mr.. Lamar had come |
o the most critical point Of histask, and |
1hatever may be previous impressions, it |
Till be allowed that he has met the question
o satisfactorily and maLfully that no one
an hereafter misun derstand the purposes of .
he great South Carolina statesman.
In deienie Of the action of his State, and
q opposition to the doctrines Of Gen. Jack.
on's proclamation and the legislation in
Import of II, Mr., Calhoun put forth, said
be speaker, those pi ofound expositions Of
said, "will desr end TO posterity
nder the sanotien Of q eat name."
The leading idea of those expositions is
b. t the American Union is a democratic.
ederal republic political system com
onnded OF the separate governments OF the
nent of all the States, called the Govern
ent of the United States. zach was ere
ted by written constitution, those of the
AZ ticulsI States by the people, Of each citing
eparately, and that of the United States by
he people Of each in its sovereign capacity,
ut acting jointly. Tho entire powers of
overnment are divided between the two
hose lodged in he general govern ment be
ng delegated by specific and enumerated
ran in the constitution, and all others
ot deleg tted being reserved to the States
espectively or to the people. The powers Of
ach are sovereign, and neither derives its
overs from the other. In their respective
pheres neither 10 subordinate to the other,
ut coordinate. and, being coordinate,
ach has the right OF protecting its own
overs from the rOachments Of the
Their, the two combined forming one entire
nd perfect government. The line Of de-
larkation betw cen tho delegated powers to
40 Federal government, and the powers re-
srved to the States Is plan, inasmuch as all
be powers delegated to the government are
Epressly laid down, and those not delegated
re reserved to the States unless specially
fokibited.
The.g part of the overs delegated to
le general government relate directly or
ldrectly TO two great divisions OF author
y; the one pertaining TO tho foreign rela-
ons OF the country, the .otters { an inter
al character, and pertaining TO the exterior
,lations Of the States, tho purposes for
hich the constitution was formed being
over, security ami responsibility without,
1d Ie CO.. tranquility and harmony within.
After q full expositio1 Of these pr posi-
ons, Mr.. Calhoun employs the following
rong and vigorous language:
Taking all the parts together, the people
twenty-tour Independent and sovereign
tates, eonfederated by a solemn constit1
Onal compact into one great federal com
unity. with a system Of governn emit, in all
which povers are separated into the great
-imary divisions Of the constitution max
e and the law making powers, those Of the
on and joint government Of all the states,