davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
WhitA SwelIinR.


Mr.. NJ. s. Hamlin, one of the best known
insurance men in North Carolina, writes
from Winston, as follows: Ever since ]
was seven years of age 1 have had what
the doctors call hip disease, and which I
call white swelling. Ny hip was drawn
out of place. There was q swelling at the
knee-joint, where there is q profuse run
ming, which has been there for years. Of
course this has greatly depleted my sys-
tenn, together with surgical operation on
the leg bone. I tried every known blood
purifier to build up my system, but none
did me good until took s. s. 8. nse it
every spring. It always builds me up,
giving me appetite and digestion, and ems
bles me to stand the long, trying, ener-
waiting, hot summer days. To me there 10
no such medicine for purifying the blood
and building up the wasted system as
s. s. 8. On using it soon became strong
of body and easy of mind. My colof
changed from pale, worn look to, 0
healthy, robust complexion B-rf {, q
Mr.. G.. N. Frizzel, of Farmersville,
Texas, writes: About August LIST, 1866,
an eruption appeared on my arms and
legs, which panied me much and seemed
TO affect my physical condition generally.
On the advice of physician at this place,
4 finally commenced using Swift's Specific.
am glad to sag that after using three
large bottles the sores have all healed
Treatise on Blood and Skin Diseases
mailed free. THE SWIFT SPECIFIC CO..
Drawer 3, Atlaatp, &c.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
order to Examine Accounts,


GTA1E OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF
y STEARSs- S.. In Prob tte Court.
Special Term, December l2th. 1887.
In the matter of the estate of eliza Hart
deceased.
On reading and fling the petition of c. G.
Moore, executor oi the estate of Eliza Hart,
deceased. representing among Their things,
that he has fully administered said estate,
and. praying that a time n nd place be fixed
for examining AID allowing his account of
his administration. and for the assignment
of the residue of sa. d estate. in accordance
with the will of the deceased,
1t is ordered that said account be exam
ined, and petition heard by the Judge of this
court, on Saturday. the seventh day oiJanu-
airy, A d. 1883, at three O'Clock p. n. at his Of
ice In the city of =. Cloud, i'm said county.
And II is further ordered that notice there
OF be given to all persons interested, by pub
Iishibg a copy of this order Tor three success
sive weeks piior 10 said day OF hearing, in
the SAUK CENTRE HERALD, u weekly newspa-
per printed and published at the Village OF
sank Centre. in said county.
Dated at t.Ctoud. Mimi this 18th day of
December, A. D., 1851.
BY the oourt
o.. s.. THEo. BREUNER,
30-S3 Judge of Probate.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
President Cleveland devoted hi

President Cleveland devoted his
message to the consideration of the
treasury surplus, and how to keep it
within safe limits. AS means to
that end he favors very material re
duction of import duties. Does it
occur to him that the very reduction
may serve to swell the treasury re.
celpts by stimulating importation to
that extent that larger aggregate
sums will be paid at the lower than at
the higher rate? A tariff so high as
to absolutely prohibit Importation
would never return dollar to the
treasury-by parity of reasoning may
not very low tariff fill the National
Golfers to the overflow? The reduc-
ton recommended is certain to Grip.
pie domestic industries and it is very
liable to aggregate the evils at which
his unique message was aimed.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
P, z. Barnum writes :. STORY

The opening chapters of a splendid
story for the young, by the famous
Snowman, P. T. Barnun. appears
this week in the columns of the New
York Family Story Paper. The story
describes the adventures of an Amer.
lean boy, whom Mr.. Barnum calls
"My Plucky Boy Tom, 'and whom he
sent to India in search Of wild, fierce
and rare animals to replace those
destroyed by the disastrous fire al
Bridgeport last month. The reader
is thrilled by the hair-breadth es'
capes Of the dauntless American boy
when capturing the fiercest and wild.
est animals ever seen in any travel
ing show. The New York Family
Story Paper is for sale at all news
stands.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Those who cannot travel 10 see for them
selves may obtain an excellent Idea Of q
thriving corner OF the New South By reading
q s1escript oftne city OF savannah. Georgia
published In IL arnerss NJ agazinefor january.
The improvements in the place since the
war. as well as the traces for the former
days, are sketched not only In words, bat By
pencil In the Illustrations OF the monuments,
public buildings; and natural scenery there
abonts. what q thriving town Savannah Is
81 be news 20 most Northern people. /.
w Avery Is the writer; the drawings are By
Fem. Graham. Hawley, scheil aud Hogan.
done:in wood cuts by Johnson. Faber. Wood.
Clement, Stewart. Morse. Heard. and Boden-
slab.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
( Order for Heaaring; Proof Of win

-
SyTATE OF aIINNESoTA, COUNTY or
X STEAtsNs- sss lnPFobate Court. Special
FERN. November zlst..TSs7.
In the Matter of The estate Of Gerhard Ehben
Deceased. -
whereas, an Instrument iii writing ptir-
porting 10 be taesLast Will and Teslanlent
OF Gerhard Ebbeu. Deceased tate oil said
county has been df Iivered TO this court.
And whereas. Margaret EBben has fled
therew. III her petition. representing ami.ng
inner things, that said Gerhard Ebben died in
said county, on tho fIsf day OF November
1887. teslafe. and that said pe tfffoner ia the
sole deviSee and legaiee named N said FAST
viii and Testament. and praying thai said
instrument may be ad,nilfsssl 10 ibros,a.e and
that letters Of AdmI DlslF ai ion with the " IN
annexed. be To her issued thereon.
II IS ordered. thai The proofs OF said instru-
meuIs and sa1u petition, be heard before this
court. al The probate Office in said county. on
the 3lst day OF December, 1887 at nine O'Clock
IN the iofenoon, WI ca all concerned may an
pear and coiltestTEe probate oil said insfrti-
And It is further ordered. that public no.
Tree otthe time and place ~ said hearing be
gwen To all persons Interested. by pnblica-
ton OF these orders for three successive
weeks previous g - "a kl1yi Of bearing in The
SAtN GESTHE II ERkIp, = weekly neNSiraphf.
n8teu and Published AZ The lage at SaqS
tenfIe. IL raid county
Dated at s. Ctaus Man. The zlss day Of
November. A p 1851 - 4
81 %. s. By tHe Eofstf =. - s 81 q s t
<fte9 +z3 En- BIZ III = Tn.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
N t;ee to Credilors.

CTATE OF MINI ESOTA, COUNTY Oh
| - STEARNs,-ss In Probate Court.
In the matter ofthe estate CT Erick Gus
taye Peterson Deceased:
N Dtice is hereby given to all pc rsons hav-
ing claims aud demands against the estate
of Er:ck Gustave Peterson late of the County
of Stearns, deceased, that the Judge of Pro.
bate of said county will hear, examine and
adjust claims and demands against said es-
taLe at his Office in the City of st. Cloud in
said county, ON the FIRST Monday of each ard
every month, for six successive months. aud
that six months from the nth day of Novem-
Der, 1881, have been limited and allowed by
said PROBATE Court, for creditors 10 present.
their claims
Dated this 18th day OF November. A. d. 1887.
CAROLINE Peterson,
Executrix of the estate OF EEick Gustaye
Peterson, deceased.
Il 81 THEi. BRFUNER,
H-a0 Judge of Probate
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
Renews Her Youth.

Mrs Phoebe Chesiey. Peterson, Clay Co.
Iowa, tells the following remarkable story,
the truth of which is vouched for by the res
idents 0fthe town: ~ am 70 years old, have
been troubled with kidney complaint and
lameness for many years; could not dress
myself withou: help. Now am free from
all pain soreness, and am able to DO al my
ewnhousework. owe my thanks to Elec-
trio Bitters for having renewed my youth,
and removed completely all disease and
pain" Try a bottle, only so cents. at j. b.
Perkins drug store.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
AGift for An

In order to give all a chance to test IL, and
thus be convinced of its wonderful curettive
powers. DIR. Kings New Discovery for
Consumption, Coughs and Colds, will be,
for limited time. given away This offer is
not only liberal, but shows unbounded faith
in the merits of this great remedy. All
who suffer from Coughs, Colds, Consump-
ton, Asthma, Bronchitis, or any affection of
Throat, Chest or Lungs, are especially re-
quested to call at j. B. Perkins Drug Store.
and get a Trial Bottle Free. Large Bottles
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
Acknowledgement Clamp has fillet

Acknowledgement Clapp has filled
the following opinion relative to the
Keller bank bill:
You inquire as to the validity Of chapter 80
Of the general laws OF 1878. being an act to
amend sec, 43 Of chap. 3S OF the general stat
utes of 1878, relating to banks and banking,
and also chap. SO Of the general laws Of 1887,
being entitled an act to amend sec. 10 of
chap. SO of the general statutes Of 1878. relat-
ing to banks and banking. 1t appears upon
an examination that the constitutional re-
quirements were not complied with in the
passage of these two acts. l would therefore
recommend that they be treated as void.
There is nothing final nor determ-
alive in this opinion, and the matter
must 60 to the courts for final adjudi-
cation. 1t is probable that test
case will be made at the earliest pos
sible moment, by the arrest of some
private banker violating the law.
Proceedings will then be pushed to
the supreme court'as soon as possible.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
The Library Mag

The issue for December 10th contains the
following important articles:
The Catholic Revival Of the Sixteenth Gem
tury. from the Quarterly Review. Science
and the Bishops, by Prof. T. n. Huxley.
The Theosophic Movement n India. by Herr
Ernst Won Weber, Rural France. from The
Edinburg Review. Also brief articles from
the Saturday Review on The Future Of Can-
ada. American and Indian Wheat, Queries
for journalists. and Debts OF Honor. Single
copies three cents, q per year. John B. AL
den. Publisher. New York. The Library
Magazine Is Supplied in connection with this
paper for the price OF $500 per year for the
two. Address this ONCE,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Free trade is very pretty in theory,
and affords fine topic tor students
of political economy to speculate up
on, but to the wage-workers in the
centres Of wage manufacture it means
active competition with underpaid
labor. What sense is there in exlud-
ing the Celestial from competing in
this country with labor, and then send
ing our work abroad for him to do
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Z AS is known, there is flaw in the
title to the forty-acre tract in the
State RefoEmatory site donated by
Messrs. Waite. Searle and Clarke and
the Mcclure estate. A deed Trans
ferring the property many years ago
was made, by virtue of power Of
attorney which is not on record and
cannot be found. TO perfect the
title, the state has begun conaefnna-
ton proceedings and the appraisers
will be here on Saturday and deter
mine its value.-JournaL- Press.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

To the .Good name at home. " won by Hoods
Sarsaparttfa In Lowell, Mass, where 1t In
prepared, there is more OF Hoods Sarsapai-
lila sold than ofall other medicines. anc II
has given the best Dissatisfaction since its in-
production ten years ago. This could not be
iftne medicine did not possess merit Ifyor
suffer from impure blood, try Hoods Sarsa-
parilla and realize its peculiar curative pow
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
Notlee Of stock holaers Meetlnr.

Notice is hereby given that the annua
meeting OF the Danlth, Huron ana Dcnye,
Railroad Company, a corporation organized
under the laws Of the STATE of Minnesota
VIII be held AZ the office OF said company In
The village OF Sank Centre, I'm The county o
SfeaTDs aud slate Of Minnesota, OH Tuesday
the 18th day Of January, A. ID. 1888, between
the hours IF two and foar O'Clock of said da Y
at which time directors of said company
win be elected TO serve for one year from
January 18th, 1888.
o. NJ. HARRISON,
Secretary ofthe II. II. and u. r. r. Co.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Two brothers by the name of Bar.
rett are on trial in Minneapolis for
the murder of Thomas Tollefson, a
Minneapolis street Car driver last
summer. w. w. Irwin, the noted
criminal lawyer of st. Paul, is de-
Tending them.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

The Anoka Union printed an
eighteen.page paper last week, well
filled with advertiseme nts, largely
from Minneapolis. 1t was brilliant
number for country paper.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Several cases of leprosy have been
discovered in Otter Tail and Wilkin
counties, all of which are traceable
directly to the old country, where
they were contracted. This type of
disease is not contagious, although
hereditory, and no apprehensions are
felt relative to its spreading.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22


STATE OF MINI ESOrA. 4,ouNTy IN
~ SrEARNs,--ss. InProbate Court
In the matter of the estate of WI. Kirk
Jr, dece9@ed. - tA.i =
On reading and fling the petition of Hattie
kirk, OF Sauk Centre, MINI .repIs4nting
among other thtfies. that WI KIRK. Jrs.Iafs
II the county OF Steafns and State OF Mime
sofa. on the 18th day of November. a. ID iaS7
at the village OF Sank Centre. died futesfafe
and being resident of this county Al me
time OF his death, leaving goods chatteIs and
estate with n this county. and that tire said
petitioner is the widow of said deceased. al nd
praying that administrator OF said estate he
to Samuel Kirk granted: go : - -
IL IS ordered that sas d petition be heard he.
tore the Judge OF this court on: Monda '. the
18th day OF December, A.sD 1857. al i,ioe
O'Clock A. NJ, at his office in the city Ct ST.
cloud, In said county.
ordered further. that notice thereof he
given to the heirs of said deceased aud 10 all
persons interested, By publishing a copy Of
TINS order Tor three Successive eks t,ri;r 10
said day of hearing, In. The SAUK CENTRF
HERALD u weekly newspaper printed and
published at the village ofSank Centre, ia
Dated at st Cloud, Mimi the 25ih oav Of
November, A. d. 1881. =
By the Court,
lis..S THEo BRuRSER.
zo-o1 Judge Probate.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

The organization of the State Bank
of Long Prairie has been postponed
for the pl esenC on account of an
opinion rendered by tho Attorney
General on the new law underswhic h
1t was purposed to organize The
law failed to receive a two thirds
majority in both houses Of the legis-
lature and for that reason is discoy-
cred unconstitutional argus.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

The Paynesville Press is the sec
ond newspaper venture in orr bright
and ambitious neigbboring village.
That It's establishment there is
stroke of wisdom may be doubted,
but to its publisher it is a very credi-
table sheet.-JournGI- Press,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
Rucklens,s mics sa,v.

The best salve In the world for cuts. bruis
e., sores, ulcers, salt rheum, fever sores tet-
tel, chapped hands, chilblains, corns, and all
skin eruptions. and positively cures piles
or no pay required. 1t is guaranteed to give
perfect satisfaction. or money refunded
Price Is cents per box. For sale by
J.. b PERKIKs.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Messrs johnson, Holloway d Co., whole
sale druggists of, Philadelphia, Pa, report
that sometime ago a gentleman handed them
a dollar, with o request TO send good ca
tarrh cure to two army officers In Arizona
Recently the same gentleman told them that
both of the officers and the wife offs well
known U. S. General had been cured of ca.
tarrh by the two bottles of Eiy's Crea m Balm
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
Balance .


A note for expenses incurred by the Fair Of
1885 amounting to s2l2 was paid this year
which would have left a small deficiency but
one which could easily have been arranged
for and even the interest on Mr.. Clarke,s
claim OF sg76 could have been met II neces-
sary. This clearly shows that the Sooiety's
financial trouble comes wholly from Mr.
Clarke's suit which is for lumber put in per-
manent Improvements upon his land and of
which he has had the constant use..-3onr-
nal. Press,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Rumors of war in continental Eu-
rope serve to add little proficiency
to cablegrams. As yet they are so
diaphanus as to be wholly unditermi-
nahle
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
sincIkhoIl,ers AIeefino

The annual meeting OF the stock holders of
the Kellar Manufacturing Company will be
held at the Office Of the company, In The town
OF Sank Centre. MINI. at r NJ. on Monday,
January ar %. 1857. CA. BAIIoR,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Throw the powder overheard were thrill.
ing words. spoken at time of great danger.
The lives of all on the vessel depended upon
prompt action. Your life may be blessed
and prolonged by the use OF DR.. Hartcr's Iron
Tonic for that blood trouble.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

S. P. Rounds, who was public
printer, and one Of the men most
highly honored by the craft, died at
Omaha on Saturday last. -
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

When Baby was sick, we gave her Castoria,
When she was Child, she cried for Castoria,
When she became Miss, she clung to Castoria.
When she had Children, she gave them Castoria
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

A clear head is indicative of good health
and regular habits. When the body is lam
guild, and the mind works sluggishly. Ayers
Catharic Pills will assist in the recovery OF
physical buoyancy and mental yigor.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

There IL one admirable feature about the
barbed wire fence and that is they can't
paint Br. Bulls Congh Syrup advertisement
upon it.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

lIarper's Magazine for the first month !,
The new year shows determination of It's
editor to Keep tnat periodical up 10 the high
est point of excellence iu> every respect,
among his contributors are William Black,
William Dean Howells Archdeacon Farrar,
Henry Waiterson. Rev. Dr. Van Dyke.
Theodore child. Charles Dudley Warner. J.,
s, Farrss, Amelie Rives, 81 E. NJ Davis.
Nora Perry. and /. " avery. Harper q
Broshers' Large coips OF eueravers and sr-
fists con tribute exoellfut specimens Of their
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

The annual meeting of the stockholders OF
this association will be held az It's banking
house. in the village OF Sank Centre Mimi
on Tuesday. January 10Th, 1883. for the pur.
pose of electing seven directors for the en-.
suing year. The polls will be open from two
to three O'Clock p. NJ
c. NJ SPRAGTTF Cashier
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

It has been said repeatedly that the last
District Fair was q failure and that even had
Mr.. Clarke not brought his suit, the Direct
ors could not have paid the other claims and
premiums. The receipts and dis Inducements
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

1t is currently reported that
Clearwater is so badly afflicted with
Fdiphtheria THAT business is practi-
cally suspended.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

What . grapd. great cppntry this il with
its vast territory, It's big rivers rs pretty
women and It's Vent, vidl vIcl cure. IT'S
Salvation oil.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Ihave used one bottle OF Ely's Cream Balm
and it is the best remedy have found foz
catarrh IN dfteeia years.--v @, Babbage, At
| torney. HardInsburc. KY,
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Congress is doing little but waiting
for the Christmas holiday season to
come aud 60, after that, business. -
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Melrose peoplesay that state superintend-
ent Kiebies report: on the stearns county
school is:all'afarce and delusion- The Ger
man Catholic element is ali-powerfnl in
stearrs comfy. and the county officials
democrat. and republican aiike-yes. even
superintendent K,enle. all pander TO that
clemens. That's the way il looks to the
friends Of puolic schools In Melrose, and we
are more than half convinced that they see
arfght.-PriRc<fen Jnson.
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
Order for Hearing and Notice of Appliea.
cation for appointment of
Administrator

Attorney forMortgogee.
2S-34 Sank Centre MINI
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22
NO. s1s5.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK,
GAf1z GR<rPE Mimi lie

seeretary Of one D. 81. and b. + /
The Sauk Centre herald. (Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn.) 1886-current, 1887-12-22

Books stationery goods and articles all brought
the lowest possible limit
Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1887-04-02
Imprlsonment For No Crime.

lmprlbonment FOR NO Cr1mes
It 10 with no special desire to reproach
TIE administration Of justice in Judge Pat
tecsonS court, that the INTELLIaENCER
recalls public attention to the cases of six
I" tramps," sent to the local penitentiary
for three years, for what lacked every
element Of crime. Tho injustice Of this
proceeding has been discussed before |;
and it must be laid, no doubt, TO that
blindness Of justice which Il proverbial.
Al least 1t was glaring judicial error, OBJ
st,nately persisted in, and for which no
Esparation has been made, except, per.
hspe, the lesson Of wiser discrimination for
other cases which 1t taught.
That these unfortunate men have suf.
fered grievous wrong from the estab-
liihsd powers Of the community can hardly
b questioned and the present considers.
ton ID whether the public mind can be
aWaksned and the public conscience
Quiekened to Q sense Of 1t. It il
due them, at the very least, that, having
boea deprived OF btheir liberty for three
yoan, they should have fair start and Q
~ opportunity. Tho case Of the worthy
jlnaa who comes out Of prison has received
Snnoo attention In some other points of The
Gountsy than here. Usually he ID without
0oney, chance or respectable reference
80 4 - drifts It II not entirely his owl
\ I'm In Maryland and some other states
hnmano societies have done most excellent
Wesk in the way Of looking after this class
sUo1h nost satisfactory results and unor
I sGn1God but spontaneous relisf never had
118 subjects TO begin it, operation here
- = the cases under consideration.