The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1887-02-09

while one cannot knock the hull from
northern seed. Foul seeds-the ox-eve
daisy and the wild carrot-are brought
in with western seed. AS greater
security, he thought raising ones own
seed the more certain and the cheapest
method.
Mr.. Hill then read his paper on
"Care and Raising of the Horse" of
which we shall give an abstract here
after.
EVENING SESSION.
DIR. d. II. Nutting, formerly mis-
sionary in Turkey, gave talk on agri-
culture in that country. The climate
there is similar to that of California;
rainy and dry season; from May to
September not drop of rain or any
dew. In Mesopotamia, in Asiatic Tur-
key, the soil, largely of decomposed
limestone, is now cultivated in the
same way that the patriarchs, and prob
ably Abraham, cultivated it in their
time. Their pillow is simply forked
piece of wood, pointed with iron, and
with this implement they have secured
crops for centuries without the addi-
ton of fertilizers-not even applying
the wastes of the animals of the farm.
Manure lies about in piles. The
gardens are irrigated in some places,
and the sewage of the villages is util-
lied for that purpose. The fertility of
the soil is kept up by cropping it one
year and letting it lie fallow two years,
though it is plowed occasionally during
that time to keep down the weeds
and keep the soil open and friable.
The animals are fed chopped straw
mixed with about four double handfuls
of barley. The horses are well kept,
while the buffalos, mules, goats and
sheep are not, they being obliged to pick
up something of their living. The ami
mails raised are chiefly sheep, goats,
camels, a few cows (Which are small
and stunted) and horses. The latter
are Justly celebrated and are treated
with the utmost kindness and care,
sharing their owners tent at night if
the weather is at all inclement. He had
slept in tents with the horses of his
hosts. The ordinary horses there are
not of Arabian breed, but of breed
coming from Tartary, which in many re-
spects resembles the Morgan horse of
Vermont, although more stocky in build.
The Arabian horses sell at from $500 to
$500, and are very fleet. He had seen
a horse which had been driven over
one hundred miles in a day when
its owner was fleeing from his
enemies. The dairying there is car
ried on in quite different way from
that practiced here. The milk, after
being drawn, is heated to a high de-
gree, and little of the soured milk
left over from previous day Is added
to it, and the whole set away for day,
when it becomes thickened. Then
it is all put into the churn together,
not separating the cream. The churns
he saw there were of two kinds. One
was of goat-skin, with the legs and other
orifices closed. The neck part of this
is suspended by cord to the ceiling
overhead, and then shaken backward
and forward. He did not know but
this was what had suggested the idea
of the Davis swing churn. The butter
has cheesy flavor, not quite agreeable
to the stranger at first. Another style
of churn is an earthen vessel, like a
large drain tile, being about three feet
long and eight inches in diameter.
Into this the milk is poured. The
vessel is then balanced across pillow
of straw and tilted backward aud
forward until the butter comes. This
butter is not largely used fresh, but is
melted and packed down, as we pack
lard. Some cheese is manufactured,
mostly from goats milk. Two kinds
are made. One is made of curd-not
pressed, but cut up into squares and
packed down in brine. The other kind
is made chiefly in the Taurus noun
tains, in the northeastern part of Tur-
key. This cheese is made of creamy
milk from goats and buffalos, is pressed
into hard balls and packed solidly into
skins of animals-and, being made in
the fall, will keep until the next sum-
mer. None of this product is eX-
ported. The camel is most impor-
tant animal. There are no carriages or
carriage roads, and the camel is largely
the beast of burden, though mules and
horses are used to some extent. He
had seen seven thousand camels in one
caravan, carrying grain to starving
province, but it would be mostly con-
sumed by the animals before the point
of destination could be reached. DR..
Nutting's remarks were very interest
ing and were listened to with the
closest attention.
Mr.. Davis then gave his lecture
upon the Couture of Indian Corn"
an abstract of which was given in the
report of the meeting in Cabot. The
sessions were all well attended AT
niue O'Clock the meeting adjourned, to
reassemble the next morning at West
Randolph.