davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

commander, was born in 1879. lie United
States consul to Liverpool in President Taylor's
time. He entered the Union army in 1861 and in
the fall of that year became brigadier general Of
volunteers. He served at many of the hardest
fought battles of the war, such Shiloh, Stone
River and Chickamauga. In 1864 he was sent
east, and commanded corps there. He was a
major general of volunteers and, by brevet, of
the regular army also. In the Buell. campaign
against Bragg he commanded the right wing OF
the Army of the Ohio.
During the night of Oct. T. Buell. ordered
McCook and Crittenden at once TO advance
and form in line of battle on the wings Gil
berts corps was the center During the night
also Buell. had a sharp little fight for creek
whence TO get water for his army. He OBJ
tanned possession Of the pools This fighting
was done on the Federal side by Col. Daniel
McCook
The battle of Perryvile was begun on the
morning of Oct by an attempt to drive
McCook away from the precious water pools.
1t was repulsed, and in this preliminary fight
young Union division commander named
Philip Sheridan distinguished himself hand
somely.
There was no moro fighting till the arrival
of McCook between 10 and IL o'clock. Ho
Immediately found his divisions, Jackson's
and Rousseau's, in line on Gilbert's left.
The battle of Perryville began in a fight
for water. McCook's position was near Doc
tors Fork of Chaplin creek. Rousseau's di-
vision advanced towards this creek TO get
water, when they were fired on by the Con-
fsderate artillery. McCook's line formed on
Chaplin's Hills
OF McCook's forces, Rousseau held the
right, and Gen Terrell's brigade of Jackson's
division the extreme loft. Starkweather's
l..s,u l.. l,I.s 11s-
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08
MIIMEnRncMlI-IE

Sept. IS, Bragg's cavalry had reached Mum
fordsville under command of Gen. j. r.
Chalmers. At Munfordsville, on Green river,
was Federal garrison little over 1900
strong, under Col. j. T. Wilder 1t was
stationed at the bridge where the Louisville
and Nashville railway crossed. After the
Confederate artillery ard infantry had ar
rived Bragg called ON Wilder to surrender.
The demand was refused.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

r g a C b g d Louis
vile, S ep t. 90, a
tragic event hap
pened then which
threw the whole
city into excite
ment. This was the
fatal shooting Of
Gen. William Mel
son by Brig. Gen.
JEFF. c. Davis, of
Indiana, in a quar-
rel.
Gen. lTelson was
horn IN Maysvilie. .
Kentucky, in 1928.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08
And at this time Bragg began

A[ W pAllleh " e''o "a
a West Point gradu-
ate of 1915. He was
in the Mexican wGr,
and was assistant
professor of mGthe-
mates at West Point
for a time. Tie re,
manned in the United
States army till 1861,
and then joined the
southern army. lie
was at Stone River,
and continued in the
service til the close
Of the war, He sur
rendered to Gen. Can
by. at Baton Rouge,
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

by young Ken
lucky recruits,
and his whole
force in the state
now amounted to
not far from 65,-
600 men. Irnme-
diately on hearing
of B u e ll's ap-
proach, b r a g g
wrote to Polk TO
come at once to
Frankfort, by way
of Bloom Il eld.
Bragg looked for a
battle with Buell..
Polk was to pre-
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

and bridges, and
July II he cap
tured the town OF
Cynthiana, near
the Ohio river. A
battalion of his
men, indeed, un-
der Basil Duke,
penetrated q uit e
to the river, burn
ing the wealthy
old town Of Au-
gusta, a few miles
below Maysville.
In the fight at Au-
gusta was killed
Iient. Col. Nm
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

pms. " NLAS AS'NJ
first Indiana, was a
very prominent bus
mess man of Terre
Haute, and one of the
most promising sol
diers that Indiana
sent to the war. Nor
tally wounded in the
midst of q crushing
defeat, his first words
to q young officer
, who attended him
>were, Have | done
; my duty? Have I
done all that could
be done:" "Yes, Col
onel, you have done
Ill. 1T -
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

amoment. a A little
later and Gen. Ter
rell was also killed.
The day W ould
have been lost ON
the left only for
Star X W g a { hers
brigade. These be-
longed to Rous-
seau's division, and
with stubborn bra
very they held the
Confederates back
after Terrell's men
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

nails. Senator j. j.
Crittcnden held in
his time the highest
political offices his
state could give him.
He was on ardent
Union nma when the
war began. He had
two sons, Thomas l..
and George b.
Thomas entered the
Union army, George
B. the Confederate,
and both rose TO be
generals. Thomas
L., the Union Crit
tendon Eupll'c rorrq
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

BATTLE OF PERRYViLlE.
This had been Buells disposition of hi
forces after he marched out of Louis
Oct. l, with 100000 men: Gen. Sill,
two divisions, the Federal left. mar
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-08

D. Topping, of the Seventy
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
NEWS in BRIEF.

A visitor at a Sunday ten cent
show in Chicago was accidentally
shot by one of the cowboys on exhi.
bitiOn.
The Russian imperial family have
been induced through fear of the
Nihilists to abandon their proposed
trip to the Crinea.
1t is said that the circus people
will combine to contest the consti
tutiOnality of the interstate law, as
it hits the actors of the sawdust
ring very hard.
William Bad, a wealthy man of
Melbourne, Australia, spends half
of his income every year in reliev.
ing the needs of deserving people.
Bad is good.
Assistant District Attorney Nj.
coll, of New York, says that "Jake"
Sharp, of note in the unsavOry
Broadway cases, will be tried before
June roses shall redden.
The steamship Gulnare, recently
reported ashore OH the Irish coast
with cargo OF dynamite, is steadily
engaged in the fruit trade between
New Orleans aud the Bay Islands.
The doctors have condemned the
portiere. They say that it absorbs
dust, odors, malaria and other in
fectionS, aud is decidedly unhealth-
ful in its present multiplied condI'
ton.
The constant recurrence OF at
tacks of rheumatic gout cause much
anxiety to Ex-Speaker RandalFs
friends. He has again been laid
up, but he will be able to be out
again in day or two.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
REAL ESTATE NOTES.
BY P. R. f. AGENCY.

Tho agency has sold several
pieces of property near East Pasca-
goula this week.
Strange faces are seen on our
streets constantly, and strange
eyes are viewing our lands almos.
daily.
Do you want II homeR Then get
one at ouce. Buy you lot and
build a cottage If you cau't do bet.
ter. We have a number of cheap
town lots ranging in price from $25
to $40, plenty large for home, 100
by 3 and 4 hundred teet. Only $40
cash, balance on time. This is the
poor mans chance.
Cheap lands in large bodies are
in demand for paSturage, etc. We
want aud can sell all the 80 and 60
cent land of this description we eau
get. Stock raising promises to
take the lead.
Among the properties Lately list
ell with US, we now offer: No. 80
The Sarrizin place, on PascasOula
road. Large, splendid house, fne
grape arbor and large number Of
pecan and other fruit frees. Every
convenience. Twenty or thirty
acres in inclosure. Price 81, 800.
No. 34.-The large storrhonse
and bank formerly occupied by
Krebs & Son, on Delmas avenue.
Price 81, 800. Also north half of
Lot No. II, Sidoine Klebs tract.
Small house and incloSWe, with
good well water. Price $1G0.
No. 3j Society Hall, on MagnO-
Ina road, in Moss Point, two story,
size "a X 35 feet. viii be sold foI
the small sum of 5000 cash.
Que hundred and sixty acres land
heavily timbered, north of Moss
Point on PascaSoula river. Price
SO per acre.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22

Stop My PAPER. An exchange
says that after you get angry and
make up your mind to stop your
pPper just poke your fnger iii
The water aud pull it out and look
for the hole. Then you know how
sadly YOU are missed. A man who
thinks a paper cannot survive with
out his support, Onght TO get off
and stay awhile. When he comes
back he will find out that halt Of
his friends didn't know he was
gone. The other halt didn't care Il
cent, and the world 1T large didn't
keep any account of his movements.
You will find things in every paper
YOU cannot endorse. Even the Bl.
bic is rather plain and hits some
rard licks. Ii yOu we're to 60 and
burn your Bible, the hundreds of
presses would still 90 on printing
them aud ii you were to stop your
paper aud call the editor all sorts
of ugly names, the parer would
still he published; and what is
more, you'd sneak around and bor-
row copy OF it every week from
YOUR neIshbOr. IL would be much
better for you to keep YOUR vest
pulled down and your subscription
paid up Il year in advance. - Helena
World.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22

MAYORS COURTS. Il. ThOmp.
son, presiding. The following cases
were tried in this Court this week :
Paul Arson (col.) drunk one day
in city Jail. Leonard Cameron
(white) drunk; one day aud II half
in Jail.
JUSTICE CoURT-C. p. BOwmaR,
presiding. Louis Sebastian (cOl.)
for disturbing the peace and threat
enipg to do MAJ garet Miller bodily
harm, was required to give II $50
bond to keep the peace six months.
Mr.. George w. Wilkes, of the
Biloxi Herald was a welcome caller
at the DEMOCRAT-STAR Office Tues
diy. "George" is in bis usual good
health-fat as a match.
DIR. M. q. Vaughan, of Ocean
Springs, gave us pleasant call
Saturday. The Doctor is one of the
clevercst men living, and would
make some good, dutiful woman a
most excellent husband.
Services by Rev. DR.. Hinsdale
at the Seashore Church at 4 y. m.,
aud at Prof Suttou's schOol-room
at Z -. m., OH Sunday April Oath.
The rite of baptism aud the Lords
Supper will be administered at the
Seashore Church. All interested in
the Episcopal Church are invited
to attend.
The cool, neat, tidy Mother
Hubbard, the dress of our grand
mothers, has not made its appear
ance on our streets yet. Marshal
Mansfield, look out for 1t.
Two of our charming young
ladies, the Misses Abbie aud Rose
Pol after spending a few days verv
pleasantly visiting friends at Bayou
La Batre, Ala, returned home Mon
day evening.
Mr.. James Hunter, of Mobile,
was here Tuesday fishing in the
Pascagoula river, accompanied by
his friend Mr.. r. G. Walker, OF
Moss PoInt.
Drink keystone Rye Whiskey,
a pure, unadulterated whiskey, free
from headaches. Only SL5O per
gallon. Also FreepOrt Rye, four
years old, the best 81 whIskey in
the United States. Sold only by
Craft & Co., 70 aud " Oaupbin
street, Mobile, Ala, sole agents.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22

Mrs. w. q. Griffin has "Lady
Banksia" rose bush in her flower
yard which has been in bloom for
more than a month and at no time
has 1t had less than 5000 roses on
il. 1t covers one end OF the front
verandah and extends twenty feet
along the bannisters aud lattice
work, and is fully eighteen feet
high. The same lady has a "Mar-
cial Neil" rose, which several years
ago commenced climbing into a
myrtle t.ee near which it was
planted and it now covers the en-
tire tree, large one, aud extends
along row of arbor vita trees OH
which it has reached Il hundred feet
or more from the original stem.
[HayReUille (AIG.J True Citizea.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
John Grant.
N. o. Times-Democrat.

N. o. Times-Democrat.
The succession OF the late John
Grant was yesterday opened III tue
Civil District Court by Lucy A.
Grant, the widow of the deceased,
and John L. Grant, his son.
They presented to the court for
probate the will of thu deceased,
which was made before Andrew
Hero, Jr., notary, at 5 O'clock p. M,
March 13, at No. 50 First street.
The notary found John Grant
sick, confined to his room, but of
sound mind and memory, as he APP
peared, and Grant declared that he
had sent for the notary for the pnr-
pose Of having his last will aud tes-
lament reduced to writing, as he
should dictate the same to the no.
tary.
"My name is John Grant. | am
married to Lucy A. Davis, who was
the widow of Louis II. Drophley.
| have four children alive.
81 name Lucy a. Grant, my wife,
and my son, John Lafayette Grant,
to take charge of my estate and be
executors of my will, without bond
or security, giving them full selzen,
aud possession and control of
Grants Pass. This is my last will,
and | revoke al other wills | may
have male"
Judge Riehtor ordered the will
registered and executed, and order.
ed petitioners confirmed as testa-
mentary executors, aud ordered an
inye tory made by A. Hero, Jr,
notary.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
Assignec's Sale.

By virtue of deed of assignment made
on the l4th day of April, lSo6, will, on
Saturday, 23d day of april, 1887,
at Moss Point, Miss, sell at public auction
to the highest bidder for cash, the follow
ing personal property, to-wit: Steam
Passenger Tug Arlington, described as
follows: Fifty feet long, l3 feet beam,
foot hold engine exc; boiler allowed lOO
pounds pressure. The steamer mas Oeeh
recently overhauled. Her cabin room
is for tv enty passengers.
VINCENT ROS, Assignee.
April 8, 1887. 6-3t
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
LAND NOTICE.
LAND OFFICE AT JACKSON, Miss /
April Is, 1897.

LAND OFFICE AT JACKSON, Miss !
April Is, 1887.
Notice is hereby give that the follow
ing named settler has filed notice of his
intention to make final proof in support
of his claim, aud that said proof will be
made before the Judge or in his absence
the Clerk of Circuit Court of jackson
county, at Scranton, Miss, on May 20,
1881. viz: Simon r. BrOome, Homestead
No 1910, for the north half of northeast
quarter. section 81, township 8, south
he names the following witnesses to
prove his continuous residence upon and
cultivation of said land, viz; John G off
aud Butler G. fl, of Three RIVERS L. U,
Iobn n Clark. Of Scranton p. o., Z. b.
smith. of Moss Point P. O., all of Jackson
county, Miss. -
April Is, 1887. Tot
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
The Sarraztn Case.
N. o. Times-Democrat.

N. o. Times Democrat.
This case, which has been on
trial before "a jury in Judge Right.
or's division since Monday, was
concluded at about =. M, last
evening. The Union National
Bank, and another creditor, charg-
ed the insolvents, j. P. Sarrazin's
Sons s. Co., with fraudulent con
cealmeut of assets, aud on that
charge opposed their discharge.
The testimony WAS extraordinarily
voluminous and the case for the
opponents waS vigorously and ex.
haustively pressed by their counsel,
Messrs. Carleton Hunt and E. Il.
Merrick, Jr The inSoIventS were
represented by MeSsrs. Il. II. For
man, Il. ID. White and LyOd POsey.
The result OF this prolonged and
searching investigation tailed TO
convince the jury that the insolv-
ents had done anything reprehensi-
bile. After Il short consultation
they brOughtin verdict in favor
OF he insolventS, aud rejecting all
the charges OF fraud and miscon-
duct brought against them by the
opponents.
All The questions involved in this
case had already been before Judge
Riehtor in "A dffcIent proceeding,
and had been decided by hIm also
against the opponents. The insoiv.
cuts are thus vindicated and reliev-
eel from the imputation of fraud,
both by a Judgment of count and
the verdict of tue inry.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
WHO'S THE PATRIOT?
A Story Of the Southern Confederacy.

Handsomely bound, with original and
beautiful illustrations, this story of social
life in the CoDfederacy sheuld linda place
n evey Southern home.
"a delightful story of love and adj
venture. ."-LOuisUille Times.
"a brave, true story, without a conceal
ed weapon in it.'-GroeHrHle (Ald.) AdrO-
cate.
For sale at bookstores, or can be gotten
by addressing Mrs. f. MCD. WILLIAMS.
Box SO, Louisville, KY.
HPrice SlOO postage prepaid Send
money order or postal note.
March 4, 1887. 1-tf
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
Gulf Coast College,
MALE AND FEMALE.

This Institution is located at HANDS
BoRo, Harrison county, Miss, near MissIs-
sippi City, on the l. g. N. X. X. The
next annual session will begin September
l3, 1886, under the Presidency of Prof. j.
Hurry, of Paris, H., who has had moro
than 20 years experience in connection
with the public schools of that State, and
who will be assisted by competent in
structOrs. HandsbOro is within one mile
of the Coast, and is noted for its health
fulness. hospitality aud morality. Mr.. H.
Lianhard having purchased the college
property is now building new buildings
and re6ting old ones, and proposes TO
make the institution the equal Of any in
the South. Tuition and board reasonable.
For further particulars address
II. LIENHARD, Handsboro, Miss.
July 30, 1886. 23-1y
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
CAN NDIDATES.

Our terms for announcing for Office are az fol.
lows state or District, sl5i County, slO Beat,
g. No announcement win be published unless
accompanied by the CASH. No deviation from this
rule. Calls on candidates will be published at
regular advertising rates.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
Ioea Notices 10 Gents Line for Each Insertion.
LOCAL NEWS.


fast freights, Nos. II and 70, will
have Il arf-.h attached between
Mobile aud Scranton, for the ac-
commodatIon OF passengers, leav-
ing Mobile at S:25 pm, arriving at
Scranton at 11:19 pm; returning
leave Scranton at 1:26 am, arriving
IN Mobile at 4:35 am.
G. MARSHALL, Supt.
Scranton is very healthy.
Spring chickens are ripe and
nice.
No postage stamps sold at the
postOilice on Sunday.
The Marshal and Mayor com
plain Of dull times.
Listen to the melancholy So 6
of the whip,poor-will.
Japan plums are ripe and sell
ing for ffteen cents dozen.
The bell of the ice cream wagon
is again heard on our streets.
"A whiskey drummer made his
appearance here Tuesday.
The Mayor and Aldermen do
not have mauA meetings.
The spring bounets are here.
They are lovely, and ever so nice.
One man venturpd ont in
duSter last Sunday. lie locked sol
ilary and alone.
When the 'melon collie" days
come para2oric viii 60 down-not
in price, however.
MIR. w. S. Culpeppcr, OF Red
Greek, Harrison county, gave us Il
pleasant call Wednesday.
No base ball games in Scran.
ton on Sunday now. The boys 90
out in the woods TO play.
MIR. w. r. SnN der, of the Belle
Fontaine settlement, was in Scran
ton Wednesday.
Clean yOy@ yards and outhouses.
Cleanliness s next to godiness, aud
1t also saves many a doctor bill.
This is The baby-kissiug year
poor little creatures; but We sup
pose they have to grin and bear it.
"A life insurance agent from
Mobile was here this week. 1t is
SAID he was tOngue-tied. What a
pity!
"A small band of Gypsies have
pitched their tent in the lower pOr.
tlon Of town. They tell fortunes
and swap horses.
We will wager FIVE cents to
ginger cake that this town can beat
any other place of the same size for
red wagons aud buggies.
The boisterous singing on our
streets Saturday nights should be
aOated. 1t is a great annoyance to
people who wish 10 sleep.
Judge A. Fl. Delmas, of New
Orleans, has moved with his family
into the Ellison place, on the Pasca-
goula river.
Ice aud ice cold beer by the
eask or keg, always on hand at
hudson Bros, at New Orleans
prices. Free delivery.
The pay-car of the L. g. n.
vas promptly on time as usual last
friday, and the railroad employees
mere were prompt in welcoming il
as usual.
Owing TO the long continued
orouth the lOgmen cannot float
tneir logs down to the mills aud
some or all the mills will have to
Suut down unless we have rain soon.
The Sabbath is strictly observ-
% 10 Scranton. All places Of busi-
'esS are closed, except the drug
stores, end they sell nothing except
medicines. What a wonderful
eoange in the last few mouths.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22

PRESIDENT CLEVELAND has defi.
nitely accepted an invitation to
attend the Piedmont Fair, which
will be held in Atlanta during the
first two weeks of August. Great
preparations are in contemplation
for his reception.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
FOR TREASURER.

We are authorized to announce Mr..
j. w. STEWART as a candidate for
Treasurer of Jackson county subject to
the action of the primary election.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
FOR CLERK OF THE COURTs

We are authorized to announce Mr..
WALTER NJ. DENNY as candidate for
reelection to the office of Clerk of the
Courts of Jackson county-subiect to the
action of the Democratic party.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
For SHERIFE.

We are authorized to announce j. Mr..
FRANK II. LEWIS as q candidate for
sheriff of Jackson county to the
action of the Democratic party.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22

MANIPEsTs FOR SALE.-We
have on band az this Office, out
ward and shippers manifests for
ale.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
The Cheapest.

Correspondence promptly attended to.
migrants provided for, and colonies ac-
commOdated with homes
The Real Estate Bulletin containing in
formation in regard to the health, resOur-
ces, etc, of the Coast, furnished on ap-
plication. 1t alse contains description
and prices of properties listed with the
Agency.
Capitalists desiring TO invest are invited
to correspond with MS in regard to invest
mems already made or which they desire
making.
Scranton, Miss, March IL, 1887.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22

DR.. Robt. II. Trammel, having
recently graduated at the medical
college of Mobile, has returned 10
Scranton, and proposes to resume
his practice ut Americus soon. He
has about recovered from the wound
in his leg inflicted recently by the
handy pistol of quarrelsome stu
dent. DR.. Trammel is II young man
of exemplary habits and sound mind
and will no doubt receive Il warm
welcome from his friends of Ameri-
Gus,
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22

JUDGE II. S. VAN EAToN.-We
had the pleasure of friendly call
from ex Congressman Van Eaton,
of Mississippi, yesterday morning.
The Judge has just returned from
Washington, aud is the perfect
picture of health and strength.
Thugs we're so duh in tue Capital
that MIR. Van Eaton was obliged to
leave it lest ha should tall a victim
to the desUlating enuui that hangs
over the place like a pail. There
was hardly any one to be seen when
he left, but the special correspond
ents: aud they are so news hungIy
owing to the dearth of anything
like stirring intelligence, that con-
mitteemen remaining at beadquar-
ters run some risk of being des-
sected in the search for an item OF
interest concealed within. The
Judge, whose magnetic heartiness
has suffered nothing by his rejec-
ton fOr a further Congressional
term, will leave the city to day or
tomorrow for his Mississippi home,
where he will resume the legal avo-
cation which be temporarily abau-
doned to serve his State M the
Federal LegislataSe.-N. o. States,
13th inst.
The Pascagoula democrat-star., 1887-04-22
THE STAR LIVERY STABLES.

The Star Livery Stables of Mr..
b. f. Pickett, is one of the land
marks of Scranton, and it is q
noticeable fact they are now being
fitted up, cleaned, whltewasbed and
otherwise put in order as though
no financial depression had ever
been felt in our community.
Through all the financial vicissi-
tudes of the past seventeen years
the Star Livery Stables have never
varied in price, except i'll conformi-
ty with surrounding circumstances,
and these prices have always been
uniform without respect to persons.
Good horses, nice comfortable bug
gies, neat and clean offices, warmed
by stove III winter, prompt atten-
tion night and day, characterize the
Star Livery Stables. Mr.. Pickett
has now, in connection with his
stables Il nice glass enclosed hearse,
as nice as can be had in any country
town, which he has fitted up so that
our people may enjoy the luxury Of
a decent burial. With these reflec-
tions it must be seen that this insti-
tuition is Il public benefit, and de-
serves the support of the citizens.