National Republican., 1887-12-30
General average.

General average,
In 1887, tic report Gays, there were, ac
cordipg to the best Information obtainable,
S63 strikes, details Of which arc not obtaln.
allie.
The report shows that during the six years
covered by the Investigation New York had
the largest number Of establishments al.
fected, both by strikes and locko0ts, there
being for the former 0,247 and for the latter
1,52S. The building trades furnished $3.50
of the total number Of establishments eu-
gaged In strikes. The total pumbcr OF en-.
ployes Involved In the whole number OF
strikes for the entire period Is shown to
have been 1,3lS,614 The number OF en-.
ployes originating the strikes was 1,020,959
The number OF employees In all establish.
ments before the strikes occurred was 1,
CG2 ,045, while the whole number employed
in tho establishments involved after the
strikes occurred was 1,636,2i7, loss OF
2579S. There were 109,03S new employees
engaged after the strikes, and 37,4S3 were
Brought from other places than those in
which the strikes occurred.
In 2,lS2 establishments lockouts were
ordered during the period named. In these
there were 1i3,905 employees before the
lockouts occurred and l60,49 after the
lockouts, while tho number actually locked
out was l59,5iS. There were 1896 new
employees secured at the close Of lockouts,
ana 5,GS2 were brought from other places
than those in which the lockouts occurred
at should be remembered, however, says
the report, "that these Ggures do not repre-
sent the actual numbers OF individual estab
lisbments or different employees engaged
as in many cases there have been two or
more strikes or lockouts affecting the same
establishment In the same year. In such
caees the establishment aud the number of
employees engaged are duplicated
OF the whole number OF employees ip.
volved In strikes during the ak years GOV.
cred by the report IS 56 per cent were
males and La per cent. were females or
those involved In lockouts during the same
period 6S.7S per cent. were males and 81 %
per cent. were females. An examination OF
the tables appended to the report shows
that New York, Pennsylvania, Massachu-
sets, Ohio, and Illinois represent "a "a per
cent. of the whole number of establishments
affected by strikes throughout the country
and 00.S0 per cent. of the lockouts. These
i've, states, It is stated, contain 4e per
cent. NJf ali the Misunderstanding establish.
ments, and employ 5S per cent. OF the CAPT
tai invested in mechanical Industries of the
United States.
or the 22,336 establishments in which
strikes occurred, in Is, or Sc IL per cent.
OF the whole, strikes were ordered by labor
organizations, while Of the 2, 1872 establish
S0.34 per cent, were ordered by combina-
tlons Of managers, or the whole number
OF establishments subjected to strike there
were temporarily closed for business IL. AS,
or GO. per cent on account OF lockouts
G, or 60 per cent. Gheaverage duration Of
stoppage on account of strikes was 49,.
days, for lockouts 2S days. The results OF
the strikes, so far as gaining the objects
sought are concerned, are shoEn to be as
follows Success followed in 0,407 cases,
or 4G SO per cent. OF the whole; partial sue
cess in 1904, or IS. As per cent. OF the whole,
and failure followed in S,0l0cases, or SO
per cent. of the whole.
BY lockouts 50i establishments, or 25 So
per cent. Of the whole, succeeded In gaining
their point; 100, or S7l per cent, partly
succeeded, and 1905, or $3.50 per cent I,
failed.
As to the causes or objects OF strikes, It
Is shown that increase Of wages was the
principal one-42 "A per cent. The other
leading causes are given as follows: For
reduction Of hours, 10 As per cent; against
reduction OF wages, 7.75 per cent; Tor in-
757 per cent; against increase Of hours,
,G2 per cent. total for the five leading
causes, T.s8 per cent; all other causes,
22. II per cent.
Disclaming absolute accuracy, the report
gives the losses of employees and employers
lIOu btTlht6 uuu lOChOuIS lOl-
lows Losses to strikers during the ak
years covered by the investigations, $751;
S16, ,165; loss to employees for loekouts dur
ing the came period, $S, 1872 III, or a total
wsge loss to employees Of $50, ,YiS, 1882. This
loss occurred for both strikes and lockouts
in 24,51S establishments, or al average loss
of S2,445 to each establishment, or nearly
given to strikers during the same period,
SO far as ascertaipable, amounted to 49,
325, ,057; to those suffering from loclouts,
$l,105 5SS, or total of $4,430, ,595. These
amounts, however, the commissioner says,
are undoubtedly toolow.
The employers losses through strikes for
the six years amounted 0d to $50, 7as s653;
loss TO the establishments involved OF
$34, ,1G4,914.
The appended tables also show that the
chief burden of strikes was borne by thir.
teen Industries, viz: Boots and shoes, 35l
establishments; brickmaking, AS; building
trades, 6,Od0; clothing, l,72s; cooperage,
4S4; food, preparations, l,4l9; ,furniture,
40l; lumber, 395; metals aud metallic
goods, ,5S5, mining, 1900; stone, 46S; to-
bacco, 1850; transportation, l,475. These
repre- sent 50. 0.35 per cent. of the whole mum
ber subjected to strikes.
In lockouts five trades bore so per cent
OF the whole burden, as follows: Boots aud
shoes, 80 Establishments DulldlnS traues
53l; clothing, 773; metals aud metallic
goods, 20; and tobacco, 22j, or total o
1,76l.
Besides completing the field work for thi'
rel ort, and the compilation Of the informa
tiop, the bureau has carried on almost tC
completion the investigation begun las
year concerning the moral, physical, and
economical conditions of the working womer
OF great cities. and has continued its inves
coat Ia =
great staple products. 1t has also under
D taken, according to congressional instruc
tion, the collection OF statistics of marriag
and divorce in the United States repor
Of which may be submitted before the clos
of the present session OF Congress.
Monumental Lodge, 1. o. G. Il.