Workmen's advocate., 1887-02-26

and whims, each of the groups, societies and their connections may dissolve and differently re-organize themselves, as often as they see tit without 'constraint.
 It must not be assumed that we mis- represent the anarchistic theory. We would gladly quote from their writings to prove the correctness of our state ments; but as no book is in existence in which their theory is taught commercially. we should have to print great many scattered sayings found in their newspa- pcls, in order to present their own doc umentary evidence. Our readers may, however find in Benjamin R. Fuckers weekly Liberty, published in Boston, Mass, an anarchistic organ, which they may take for an authority on the sub lect, and an interesting one, too. Our readers will, of course, call the above ideas an Utopia and utterly unpractical of our own opinion in this respect we will speak later on.
 Socialism, on the other hand, is an antithesis of anarchism. It prcsupposes | human society as a grOrM which devel- | ops itself from the simplest beginnings in oldest times through many changes into what 1t is. Society cannot be dissolved and reorganized. lift to be renewed, so cIety must do it and does SO gradually at all times. It obeys its own inborn laws, and the efforts of individuals and sects cannot even give it any other direction but the one which is inherent and pre- | pared. Scientific truth and discoveries may hasten or retard its development, but can little change it. This is the fund anental doctrine of that most modern form of Socialism which was advocated by Karl Marx, which calls itself Social Democracy, and is so widely spread in Germany, and many other countries of Europe, and bids fair to convert man. kind.
 According to this doctrine, which is well established by historical and scen tltic research, human society began in tribes which were enlarged families of blood relationship and had communist lc and democratic institution, such as we still lind preserved among Indians, Arabs and nomadic tribes generally, and traces or remnants of which may yet be wit messed in the old customs of every civil ized nation. At this stage of deyelon- ment the first division of labor was in vented, together with the first attempts at agrlculture. the tanning of wild ani- inalS and the improvement of plants into plants Of culture. When the working in metals was invented, and new, powerful weapons gave some tribes an ascendancv over others, wars on larger scale were inaugurated rthe conquest of land and the enSlaVement of weaker tribes-and thus monarchic and feudalistic institu- tlonS, based on enSlave1 labor, arose and founded large realms, laws for the gov ernment of, the slaves and all but the laW-glvers who rarely obeved their own laws. At this stage private propertv came into existence. After a vain at tempt at re-establishing, in the old Greek and Roman republics, the original com mnnlstic democracy and republic. des- potism remained victorious, and after the conquest of the Roman Empire through German and Mongol barbarians. their communism was blended with the Roman physical and mental despotism Tn the feudalsm of the Middle Age. Most of the old inventions and discov- erIes, together with the contemnorary
 method of production and distribution Of products, were lost, as was the best
 portion of antique science and art Yet q vestige of ancient democracy and com.
 mlnSm was preserved through the Ger. man conquerors, and institutions were founded which secured a sutliciencv ot
 support for every walk in life Every. , body was more or less provided for and 1 could hardly ever 'rcome entirely help. less. In the walled cities a new democ. racy Sprang up, and inventions and dis
 coVefieS were made or old ones renewed f Thus 1t was again the method of produc < ton which rerolutionized all religion State constitutions, social organization, and laws The invention of gunpowder l ,r,.a