davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17
FREDERICKSBURG.
Gen. Burnside's Campaign ON
the Rappahannock
AQUARTER CENTURY AGONE
Story of the Sunken Road and tho
Fatal Stone Wall.

Portraits of Leading Generals on Both
sides-Burnside Arrnnges His Army
ia Three Grand Divisions Commanded
by sumner. Franklin and Hooker.
rTarye's Heights-''A Chicken Could
Not Live Upon That Field"-wavcs of
Men in Dluo Fight and Fall.
copyrighted ~ tho American Press Association
Those who lave followed somewhat closely
the career OF csen Mcclellan cannot fail to
be impressed that there was q fate which
more than once deprived hirs Of victory at
the moment it seemed surely in his grasp
just before the beginning Of Pope's campaign
in Virginia, while the Army OF tho Potomac
was still OH the James below Richmond, Nc
Clellan arnounced himself ready TO strike the
Confederate capital Even be seemed to be
satisfied that his army was ready and suf-
fciently large. Ii he had attacked Richmond
just at that time, early in August 1862,
it could have been taken, most likely, for Lee
bad well nigh stripped it of defenders to send
men against Pope IN Northern Virginia.
But at the very time Mcclellan was giving
3orders 70 advance on Richmond, Halleck sent
him a peremptoly command to quit the
peninsula with his army and prepare to CO.
operate with Pope Nothing was left but to
obey, and McClellan's opportunity was lost.
After the battle of Antietam, Sept II,
1862, there was an interval of doing nothing
Mcclellan distributed his army along the
Maryland side Of the Potomac, watching its
fords. He evidently thought the used up
army OF Lee might attempt another invasion
Of Maryland. He called vigorously for re-
endorsements, supplies Of all kinds BY the
last of September he had an army Of 100000
men, still on the Maryland side of the Poto-
mac Oct. President Lincoln directed the
general to "cross the Potomac aud give battle
70 the enemy, or drive him southp
But Mcclellan was not yet ready to do so.
While he was waiting, that dashing Con-
federate cavalry leader, j. e. D. Stuart,
made one of his characteristic raids, and,
iguatively speaking, tweaked the nose
Of the whole Army OF the Potomac under
the eyes of its commander. Oct. 10 lie
crossed the Potomac into Maryland with
1900 cavalry, near Wiliamsport, gal
oped northward into Chambersburg,
Pa, destroyed the public property there,
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

g1Hla ne TWO 1bN' tADAooNioN'
hostile forces were sometimes only few miles
apart in this race southwark, but with the
ridge between them. But Lee moved more
rapidly. His advance, under Longstreet,
hurried forward, crossed the mountains and
took position at Culpepper Nov. 8.
This rapid marching, however, separated
Lees army moro than was safe. jackson and
the cavalry were three days behind him.
Pereeiving this, Mcclellan at length deter
mined, of his own free will, to give battle. He
believed that he could now strike fatal
blow. His army was at Wnrrenton, Lees
advance at Culpepper, some ten miles south.
He said afterward OF the situation: VI did ex-
pect | could either separate them and beat
them in detail, or else force them to eoncen-
trate as far back as Gordonsville, and thus
place the Army of the Potomac III position
either to adopt the Fredericksburg line OF
advance upon Richmond or to be removed TO
the peninsula
Tie good weather of the autumn had by
that time passed away. Mcclellan now,
however, seemed to be thoroughly alive and
in full yigor OF discrimination. The night OF
Nov. there was q heavy rain over the camp
of tho Army of the Potomac. Gen. McClel.
Ian sat in his tent concluding plans and Civ.
ing directions for the great hostile movement
10 be made the next two days A messenger
brought him dispatch from Washington.
1t was an order relieving him from com
| mand Of the Army OF the Potomac, and ap'
pointing Gen. Ambrose K. Burnside in hi'
| place. With that the name OF Gen. McClel
\ Ian disappears from American military his
tory. He resigned his commission IN ui'
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

on. Daily, as of old, the newspaper head
lines announced, "All quiet on the Potomac"
Then the old Impotence and dissatisfaction
broke out anew, and the country began to
wonder why it was SO quiet along the Po-
tomac.
More weeks went on till it was six weeks
after the baltic Of Antietam, and nothing
lone. By that time Lees army was thor
oughly rested and REINFORCED, and amounted
TO 10000. To the presidents orders TO move
against him carly in October Mcclellan had
answered that he must have new cavalry
horses. BY the last Of October he concluded
that ho was ready to cross the Potomac The
crossing was actually made Nov. Q.
Mcclellan ordered his main army to con-
centrate at Warrenton, Va. On this Lee, his
army in good trim, his communications with
Richmond perfect, resolved to retreat south
ward Tho main portion of the Confederate
army marched up the Shenandoah valley,
turned of to the RappahannocS and took po-
sition at Culpepper. Stonewall Jackson's
command, with the cavalry under j. E. b.
Stuart, remained behind TO hang upon the
Union army and annoy and delay it as far
as possible till the main Confederate body
should be secure.
II one could have stood upon peak of the
Blue Ridge mountains of a bright morning in
those early days of November, 1862, he would
have seer sight to thrill gods and men. On
the east side of the ridge McClellan's mighty
army of over 100, 900 men marched with way
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17


ity for great command, he would have de-
clined tho responsibility if possible. But the
peremptory order from Lincoln left him no
alternative.
He decided that the Union army should
march on Richmond by way of Fretlericks-
burg, Va. Richmond was to be the object
aimed at and Acquia Greek was to be his
base of supplies.
Once more the battle-ground is changed to
the Girls crossed field of Virginia.
Fredericksburg is nearly 100 miles south Of
the field of Antietam. 1t is on the right bank
of the Rappahannock river, a little inland
from the Potomac, and the railroad leads di-
rectly south from it to Richmond, ilfty miles
distant
Aeania Creek is town OF, the Potomac ct
the mouth of the creek of the same name.
A railroad leads from it to Fredericksburg.
On the 10Th Of November, 1862. Burnside be-
gan his grand march to Fredericksburg. He
had organized his army into three 'tgrand
divisions right, center and left, commanded,
respectively, by Sumner, Hooker and Frank
lin They left WaTenton, Va, as their
starting point. By Nov. 10 the three grand
divisions were in the vicinity of Fredericks-
burg, on tho east side of the Rappahannock.
Summers grand division reached Fail
mouth, directly opposite Fredericksburg,
Nov. II. He was not permitted by Burnside
to cross, however, and that very day Lee
sent large body of troops to REINFORCE the
Confederate garrison there.
Burnside began ut once to put in order the
railroad from Acquia Creek to Fredericks.
burg, to make sure of receiving his supplies,
Gen. H. J. Hunt was Burnside's chief of ar
tillery. He posted all the guns on the Federal
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

Gen. Ransom Is now United States Senator
Matt. w. Ransom. from North Carolina.
Gen. Ransom, was native Of North Caro-
lima, born IN 1896. He was educated in his
own state, became lawyer, and held various
local offices previous to the civil war. Then
he entered the Confederate army and passed
up through various promotions to the rank Of
major general He continued in the Army
Of Northern Virginia till the end, and sur
rendered with Lee at Appomattox. He is
now serving his third consecutive term in the
United States senate.
Another Confederate general who has CHI
tered Washington by different route from
the one he proposed twenty five years ago Is
Wade Hompton, United States senator from
South Carolina He too was at Fredericls-
burg and commanded brigade of cavalry,
W. FL T. Lee commanding another. J. e.
B. Stuart was the division cavalry COM
mander.
Wade Hampton distinguished himself in
the Confederate cavalry service. Lee placed
him on guard above Fredericksburg TO pre-
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

GEN. TAtIAFERRo. and had done no
less hard marching than fighting.
Gen. Richard H. Anderson, division COM
mander In Longstreet's corps, had, like all the
others, passed through the ordeal of fighting.
He had aided in the capture of Harper's
Ferry, had been sharply engaged ~ Antie-
tam, and now with tho rest awaited tho shock
OF battle at Fredericksburg. 1855
Gen. Richard II. Anderson was South
Carolinian, y graduate OF the United States
Military academy in 1912 He served in
Mexico. When the first probabilities Of war
began 10 be talked OF he resigned from the
United States army in March, 1861. lie en-
tered the Confederate service as soon as II
came into existence and shortly became
brigadier general. He was wounded az an
sake. Gen. G. T. Anderson
The Confederntes always spoke OF their
army under Lees immediate command as inc
Army Of Northern Virginia, just as the force
opposed to them was designated throughout
the war as tho Army Of the Potomac.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17
nuaNslnE,s cAMpAIeN

Gen. Burnside was man OF fine, soldicrly
presence, and highly esteemed. He was born
In Liberty, Ind, In 1924, and was graduated
at West Point IN 1917, just in time to be sent
to Mexico. He afterwards resigned from the
army and established a factory for making
breech loading rifle OF HE own invention
in Rhode Island His career was varied
one, and when the war began, In 1851, he
was an officer of the Illinois Central railroad
He Immediately joined the Union army as
colonel OF Rhode Island regiment, and rose
to 10 major general of volunteers imme-
diately after the first Bull Run. He was put to
duty along the Atlantic coast, and Newbern,
Beaufort and Roanoke Island were trophies
of his military ability.
At the beginning Of Pope's campaign he
was called TO Virginia. He performed active
and distinguished service through that and
the Maryland campaign. So well was he
thought Of that The command of the Army
OF the Potomac had been offered to him twice
before he accepted it, and each time be had
refused it. His lnodesty seems to have boon
unequaled In Tho history Of army officers
The Army Of the Potomac had already
been the grave OF the military regulations Of
Mcclellan and Pope. Buinside's name was
to add tho third to the hapless list After
bis Fredericksburg campaign he was sent west
and performed distinguished service in the
department of the Ohio, freeing east Tennes-
SEQ at length from the Confederate During
the final campaign against Richmond he was
in the east again and commanded his old
Ninth corps, contributing not little to the
closing victory.
After the war he was three terms gov
ernor OF Rhode Island. lie was in Europe
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

toon bridges were prepared by burnside, and
he arranged 10 cross the Rappahannocl &C
Skenkers Neck, twelve miles below. Lee
discovered this move In time TO Illustrate IL.
There seem TO have been why's whereby
Burnsldc's plans were constantly discovered
TO Lee, and that almost Immediately.
With a largo portion OF Lees army at
Skenker's Neck, Burnside next thought he
could force tho passage OF the Rappahannocls
and take fredericksburg under The guns Of
those who were left The Union artillery
was PLANTED upon Stafford Heights, above
Falmouth. Il commanded the whole plain Of
Fredericksburg.
Lee was so well informed OF all that went
on In tho Union army that within twenty
four hours after Mcclellan had been SUPER
seeded by Burnside be was informed OF It,
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

state offices. Dur WADE hAdiToN.
ing the war he reached the rank of major gem
eral. Since then he has served two terms as
governor OF South Carolina, previous to his
election to the United States senate.
Senator Hampton's grandfather, aha
ralled Wade Hampton, was likewise a soldier
and politician. lilo was an officer in tho rev.
olution and member of congress in 1905.
The old man died at Columbia, s. c., in 1884,
the richest planter and slave owner in the
United States.
The name Of Lee was nuncrously repre-
sented in the officers grouped around the
Confederate commander. Brig. Gen w. H.
F. Lee, the cavalry commander, was Robert
E. s second son. Robert Els nephew, Fitz
Hugh, alsoa cavalryman, hold prominent
command in the Army of Northern Virginia.
All Of Lees sons-three Of them served in
the Confederate army. The eldest, CIV. q,
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

side Of the Rap
pahanno k, and
superintendent their
trans p or t q ton
from Acquia Greek.
He decided that it
was necessary to
plant guns upon the
heights above the
left bank Of the
Rappahannock in
sufficient number:
to cover the entire.
length of the oppo-'
sing forces on the
r;0hf hanlf Henry
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

render at Apo GEN W. H. :. LEE
mattox. They took part in the heaviest
fighting OF the Army Of Northern virginia
throughout, several times distinguished
themselves, yet mono of them was killed.
They survived to be estimahle. and in some
some cases distinguished, citizens of the
United States. aFitx,n as it was customary
to call Fitz Hugh Lee, is now the governor
of Virginia
Another veteran among Lees officers was
Gen. w. u. Taliafelfo. lie also Mns q for.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

ing banners and
g m ing guns
south to Warren
ton. Gen. AL fire d
Pleasonton led the
advance with the
cavalry.
On the west side
of the Blue Ridge
he who looked could
have seen at the
same moment an
other great h ost.
moving southwark.
1t was Lees Army
of Northern Vir-
m
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

was an aid to JEFF
Davis and after
ward a general.
On the death Of his
father G. w. G.
succeeded him as
president OF Wash .
ington and Lee uni
yersity in Virginia.
His third son, Rob-
ert E., Jr., was a
staff officer Of cav
airy. These Lees
continued with the
Confederate army
up to the final sur
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17
LEE,s GENERAl e

Around Lee in that deadly crescent upon
the heights Of Fredericksburg weia grouped
the tried generals whose stubborn fighting
qualities mad enabled him to carry disniay TO
the Army Of the Potomac more than once.
Longstreet, Stonewall jackson. The Hills,
Jubal Early and Stuart, with his cavalry
men, were waiting for tho deadly grapple
with Burnsides men.
Nov. II, tue day that Sumner reached TAI
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

mittad within the
belligerent lines.
He returned and
represented Rhode
Island in tho Uni
ted States Senate.
While serving in
this capacity in
1881 lie died, re-
spectesl and la
mented. At the
time the order
came placing him
at the head of the
Army of the Po-
&C, doubtful
still of his canac-
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

yentBui'nside from
crossing, while ".
II. F. Lee guarded
the fords below the
town.
Hampton was
born in South Car
DINA in 1918, and
was graduated at
s on t h Carolina
college. He en-
tered political life
at the beginning of
his career, and was
elected to various
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

turned southwark,
circled around Nc
Clellan's arm y
lying on the Po-
omac, hurried
down the mouth Of
the Monocacy, in
Maryland, a II d
then recrossed into
Virginia an d
Joined Lee. Thus
a second time this
bold raider rode
around McClel-
lan's whole army.
THO xranl-c want,
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

army; however, not until the day OF the
presidential election In 1864, when 10 was the
candidate against Lincoln
Thus apparently again IN tho moment of
s'icccss, MoClellans adverse fate interposcd
and snatched IL from him.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17
ropocRAPHY.

Lees plan for the battle q Frsasr'o~ Ions
was at once simple and admirspis ..,,,-s '' q,
streets corps had been tho fFy. ~, - left with
the ground. and !. occupied y 'n The extreme
left 'ssosisvaii jackson was 2" w
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

mouth, opposite
Frederic K 3 burg,
Lee sent two divis-
ions, .lntlelt Nc
Laws and Rtassom,
accompanied by
cavalry and artil-
lery, to occupy
Frederick $ burg.
Ransom took con
spicuous parc in
the bloody lighting
! that after wards oc-
CURED there. IL
may be mentioned
innaee;ao fhatthia
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17


mer United States
officer.
Taliafcrro was a
native OF Virginia.
He had .,esn ono OF
Lees seanchest
fighters, and was
severely wounded
at Grovcton during
The Pope campaign.
His brigade be-
slongesl to Stonewall
Jackson's famous
"Foot Cavalry y
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1887-12-17

cordially invite every to call and display Moth
ing shown here before begin compare with it,
We have bought
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-09-18
Truths About Taxation.

Nobody pays tax on tobocco ex-
cept the consumers of tobacco. They
are willing to pay for the luxury, and
they ask no relief. Any probable re-
duction of the tax on whisky would be
more likely to increase the revenue
than to diminish it. The price of su-
gar has fallen to an exceedingly CHEAP
rate. Our own sugar crop is SO very
small a part of the total amount OF
sugar we consume, that sugar ranks
next to articles wholly produced
abroad, like tea and coffee, in suita-
bility for taxation, on the ground that
its consumption is universal, that the
tax is easily and cheaply collected,
that the increased price paid by the
consumers is an unconsulted trifie,
and that what is taken from the tax
payers goes into the taxpayers treas
ury, not into private bank accounts
Daniel Manning,
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-09-18
The swiss Glaciers.

Conformably to the laws. of advance
and retreat of glaciers, it is said those
in the valley OF Chamounix, Switzer-
land, are now beginning to advance.
The lower extremity of the Glacier
des Blossoms is not more that 5000 feet
above the level of the sea, and is go.
ing still lower. During the last three
years this lower extremity has adj
vanced at the rate of fifty yards q
year. 1t is said that a grotto cut out
Of the ice in May, 1886, a quar-
ter of mile from the ex-
tremity, has moved down more than
sixty yards" Although other Alpine
glaciers, which cannot be so definitely
observed, are known to be increasing
in width and height, it will require
many years Of the present speed "be-
fore they occupy ground which, within
the memory Of living persons, they
once covered"
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-09-18
infringement upon their

an infringement upon their
rights. The whole difficulty lies in a
misapprehension of the character of
the sewage farm, which is supposed
to be dumping place for the accumu-
lated filth of the city. Were such the
facts then they might have grounds
for case. Disregarding all statements
OF the sanitary experts employed by
our City Trustees they proceed on the
assumption that the sewerage is to be
nuisance and should be considered
as such.
1t is proposed, we understand, by
the aggrieved parties who are within
scenting distance of the farm, to use
every legal endeavor possible to pre-
vent the laying of sewer pipes and the
performance OF any preliminary work
on the land where the system termi-
mates. AS soon as steps are taken to
open bitches an injunction will be
served, and some of the aolest legal
talent in the county has been retained
to contest the case.
From these statements, which we
have reason to believe mean Some
thing more than mere threats, it looks
as though Pasadena may have suit
on its hands of no trifing magnitude.
1t is matter of the greatest import
ance that cannot he winked at. We
have referred to it at this time for the
purpose of pointing out an impending
difficulty that may be avoided by such
steps as expediency seems to require.
1t is better to apply the ounce OF
prevention by early action in adjust
ing the question than to become in
volved in suit that may lead to
delay or other consequences more or
less serious. The parties who are
most earnest in their opposition, seem
to be misinformed or not informed at
all, regarding the nature and .pur-
poses of the sewage farm. We believe
that the first step taken by our city
officials is the enlightenment of those
who do not fully understand the
situation.
Legal proceedings should by all
means be avoided if possible. Hav-
ing good ground for this warning we
urge prompt action and the adoption
of such course as shall remove the
threatened obstacles from the way of
our progress in the rapid construction
of our sewerage system.-t Pasadena
Union.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-09-18
CaIifornia,s Orchards.

The biennial report of the State
Board of Horticulture has some infor-
nation relating to the number of fruit
trees and vines in the state, which is
of considerable interest. 1t will be
noted, and doubtless with some sur
prise, that oranges grow in thirty-six
counties of the fifty-two, lemons in
thirty, and olives in thirty-one, while
Mono is the only county recorded in
which the pear and peach do not
thrive. Los Angeles leads the other
counties in the number OF orange and
lemon trees, and San Bernardino
next; but Butte and Placer counties,
in Upper California, have more Or
ange trees than Santa Barbara or San
Diego.
The following tables show the num-
ber OF trees growing in 1886, according
to the reports of the County Assessors,
San Francisco being omitted.
NUMBER OF LEMON, ORANGE AND OLIVE TREES.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-09-18
Total ...... 72,s72 9s3, ,428I 6s,479

The above table is the best of wit
nesses as to the character of the eli
mate OF all parts OF the State. The
reason for the greater number OF semi
tropic trees in two Southern counties
is simply because they have been
planted, not that they will not grow
in the upper part of the State. The
above figures supplement the tables Of
temperature, which were published in
this paper some time ago. The sim
iliarity in climate between Tie Sec
tions over 600 miles apart, one being
in Southern California and one in the
upper part of the State, will be shown
in the following tables, which will ex.
plain the wide range OF semi-tropical
FRUITS San Francisco Bulletin.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-09-18
Will Bring suit.

II has been whispered that residents
in the vicinity of the sewage farm
purchased by this city object to it.
Within few days the information has
come to us on good authority that
these whisperings amount to some
thing, and are liable to be loud enough
to he.heard in the highly pitched tones
Of litigation. There are other parties
than Mr.. Bishop OF San Francisco
who talk legal measures TO pre-
vent what they regard az