Iron County register., 1887-04-07
INDIA'S GOVERNMENT.
The Part Played by England in the Adm
iStration of It's Affairs

lNDIA'S GOVERNMENT.
1he Fart Played by England In the Admin
istration of Its Affairs
BY the terms of the act of Aupust 9
1898, all the territories heretofore
under the government of the East India
Company are vested in her Majesty.
Queen Victoria, and all its powers are
exercised IN her name; all territorial
and other revenues and all tributes and
other payments are likewise received
In her name, and disposed of for the
purpose OF the government of India
alone One of her Majesty's principal
secretaries of State, called the Secre.
tary OF State for India, is invested with
all the powers hitherto exercised bv
the company. January 1. 1877, the
Queen of Great Britain and ireland as-
sumed the additional title of EMPRESS
VI 1hula. Inc executive authority in
In India is invested in Governor-Gen-
eraI appointed by the Crown and act
ing under the orders of the Secretary of
state Tor India. The Governor-Gen-
eral IN council has power to make laws
Tor all persons, whether British or ma
yves, foreigners or others, within the
1no1an territories under the dominion
OF her Majesty, and for all subjects of
the Grown within the dominlons of In
dian Princes and States in alliance
with her Majesty. The salary of the
Governor-General is f25,OOO a wear.
exclusive of allowances, which are es-
tlmated at t12,OoO. The average term
OF Office is five years.
Inc government of the Indian EN-
plre is intrusted to Secretary of State
for India, aided by council of fifteen
members; the major part of the coun-
Gil must be of persons who have resid-
ed or served ten years in India: the
office is held for term of ten wears.
Indla IS administratively divided into
British territory and native or feuda-
tory States; the former is under the
direct control in all respects of British
officials. The control which the central
government exercises over the native
States varies in degree; but they are
all governed by the native Princes,
with the help and under the advice of
resident. whom the Viceroy stations
at their court, the control
being rather diplomatic than
administrative, which is expressed
by the term political The authori-
ty of the Princes is limited by treaties
or engagements acknowledging their
subordinate dependence upon the Brit
lsh Government. The chiefs have no
right to make war or peace, or to
send ambassadorsto each other or to ex-
ternal States; they are not permitted to
maintain military force above GER
tain specified limit; no European is
permitted to reside at their court with
out permission; and the supreme power
can exercise the right of dethronement
in case of misgovernment. Within
these limits the more important chiefs
exercise sovereign authority within
their own territories. Some of these
pay tribute, and some pay none. The
expenditures for the year 1884 amount
ed to f70, 3S9, 925, and he'revenues to
fZ,727, ,421. The revenue from land
was f22. .361, 1899; from opium, 1885,
sol; and from salt, f6, 145, 413. The
land revenue of India, as of all Eastern
countries, may be regarded less as a
tax on the landowners than as the re-
suit of joint proprietorship in the
soil. under which the produce is divided
between the ostensible proprietors and
the State. From time immemorial the
people of India have been accustomed
to yield portion of their crops to
their immediate ruler. The Mogul
Emperors founded a system of land
administration, under which this share
of the crops became the fixed tribute,
payab1a tn tho cpntral ant ority. in
Mohammedan times Governors were
practically identical with tax collect
ors, and the whole machinery of ad-
ministration was organized with this
sole object. Under English rule this
machinery has been modified i'll vari-
Gus ways in the different provinces.
Next in Importance to the land rev.
enue, as a great source of Indian re-
ceipts, is the income derived from the
opium monopoly. The cultivation of
the poppy is generally prohibited. ex-
cept for the purpose of selling the juice
to the government at a certain fixed
price. 1t is manufactured into opium
at the government factories at Patn a
and ,Ghazipor, and then sent to Cal
cutta, and sold by auction to merchants
who export it to China. In the Bombay
Presidency, the revenue is derived from
theepium which is manufactured ir the
native states of Malwa and Guzerat, on
which passes are given, at the price of
ECO per chest, weighing 14O pounds net
to merchants who wish to send opium to
the port of Bombay. Toledo Blade.