The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-11-15

this requirement and she is progressing in
! this direction by radically reforming her
political, military, educational and social
I systems after the example of the civilized
! nations: She must become great power
herself IN order 10 be let alone.
| alluded above TO the fact shat America is
not included in the field of European diplo-
matte infinence in relation TO the right of
interference the influence of America
and particularly of the United States, is an
element of importance in the study of the
subject OF this paper. The calculations given
above have been made without reference to
American influence, and leaving that out, are,
think. logical conclusions from the given
premises. But we must consider American
influence and TO what extent European poll
tics will be modified by it in the future.
America is land of republics. Monarchi.
cal governments containing features of abso-
Iutlsm 10 greater or less extent have char
acterized Europe III the past; balance of
power principles have no annals in America,
the right OF interference Is not recognized.
except to prevent Europe from interfering
with America. Is it that a siSterhood of re-
publics Is uncongenial soil for the growth of
the principle of interference Is it not a
tact that representative governments are not
likely to engage in wars of conquest BY
the dogma of European politics the peace of
America Is threatened by the preporderatinc
strength Of the United States but this Is
not the fact. What then Is TO be the tendency
OF American influence? In the frs; place.
the spread of representative features of gov
eminent In Europe will gradually weaken
the balance of power idea. Citizens Will not
vote themselves into the ranks and increase
their own taxes IN order that their govern
ment may conquer supremacy or interfere
with the development of a nelghborlng gov
eminent. The presence OF powerful re-
public in the midst of Europe would not
fhArHfera ha rf1zn a q Tr,u
sense whatever except from the danger that
Its representative principles would spread to
other nations. The present delicate relations
between France ana Germany do not rebut
this proposition, as the national spirit of
France is merely aroused by The loss of ter
rltory, Just as q war spirit would prevail in
the United States or any other republic in
the same circumstances.
1t may be urged that the dogma of the
right of interference does not exist in Amer
lea because 1t Is comparatively new coun-
try and the different governments have as
vet hardly occupied their own respective do
mains. and that when they become crowded
they will become aggressive and so the priu-
ciple of the balance OF power will creep in
for the common protection. l do not think,
however, for the reasons above stated, that
this * likely if under these different repub-
lies the men from whom the soldiers are
to be selected. have the ballot Il is not
nations or the necessity of expansion. but
Of form Of government. The United States
has greatly extended lis territory since 17I6
but always by purchase instead of conquest.
II Is probable that the United States will
look with some jealousy upon the colonial
development of the European nations. She
does not wish more territory for herself but
i may be undesirable to her from strategic
point OF view that every island. rock, sand
bar or reef IN the Pacific Ocean should be
occupied by this or that naval power. There
appears to be some ground for saying. that
10 meet this European spirit of aggressive
ness. the United States will enlarge aud ex-
tend the principle of the Monroe doctrine
and will say to Europe, You must not go any
farther IL this or that direction. As evil
dsnCeS of this probability l may refer TO she
relations between the United States and the
Hawaiian Islands which are actuated rather
BY purely strategic motives than by frisndli-
ness or trade necessity: also TO the influence
of the United States Government IN Samoa,
which group she does not care for. in the
way of requirement or annexation; but she
clearly does care that neither England
nor Germany shall occupy them and means
TO discourage such occupation. The IN
official representation of the United States
in the formalities connected with the
founding Of the Free State of Congo, may
be attributed to individual vanity and
disposed OF as incident without national
significance, but may II not have been an
outcome of this tendency to extend Amer
lean influence and give her a shadow, at
least, of right in The future, TO interfere
when the European powers reach the propO-
sition, as they probably will, TO carve the
Congo Free State into colonies.
Although the United States is not likely TO
interfere with vested rights of the other
powers in respect to their occupation of terri
tory of the non Christian races, there Is
enough in the instances referred 10 and in
others perhaps which might be quoted. TO
foreshadow definite policy of creating
diplomatic obstacles to the absorption of
such races by the European powers, especi-
ally of those nations which she has, as 1t
were, stood sponsor for IN their Introduction
TO the family of nations, IS Japan and the
Hawaiian Islands and possibly Korea.
If l have been able clearly to express my
thoughts TO you, 1t will be perceived that my
argument claims first that Europe has al
ready extended the practice of her dogma Of
the right of interference for the preserva-
ton of the balance of power TO all the world
except America, and second, that the devel-
opment of republican governments will tend
indirectly to weaken the doctrine and that
the policy of the United States tends more
directly TO destroy its force by substituting
for il 9 modified and extended Monroe doc
trine, which, as originally announced. was,
as President Woolsey says, Just the opposite
OF the European principle of intervention.
IF these conclusions are correct. no Imac-
nation is necessary to realize the future i'm
portauce and weight Of American influence
IN international matters; how this policy will
affect the Hawaiian Islands depends much
upon the course Of political events here. An
attempt ar interference with the Hawaiian
Government by England or Germany for
failure of justice-to British or German citi-
zens would undoubtedly lead to American
interference. and ve should perhaps find our
selves in tie condition OF Samoa for an
indefinite period. joint diplomatic manage
ment direct or indirect of the government:
or the United States might take sole posses
sion and establish protectorate, annex the
group or reliuquish possession again to tue
citizens whenever they should make . salts
factory showing of their ability to carry on
a respectable and independent government.