Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1887-11-06
TITLES IN TURKEY.
THB SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN THE SULTAN'S
COMMONS.
Rank and its Inhsritancs-How the kOhammedan
System Makes it Possible for a Poor Man
10 Achieve Position and Influence
:MOukhtar PaSha.
NeW York TINS.

dress some members of their calling by the
title ''Bey," which literally means
Lord" and on inquiry they have found
that the pOrters so distinguished are In
deed beys. The explanation is that when
once it is gained the title of Bey lasts for
three generations, and unless it is regranted
for some service to the State the family
then falls back into the ordinary run OF
folks. The SONS and %grandsons OF a Pasha
or q Bey are thus Beys, but the great-grand-
son does not necessarily bear the title, which
conters a strictly limited titular nobility
u. 1t is, however without any privileges.
Beys are to be found in every class and
calling in Turkey. One very excellent
Kurd servant in the campaign OF 1917
a Bey, because his father had dlstin-
gusshed himself in 1824-5 against the
Russians, hey Hussein sSumed no airs
on the matter, and creased boots or rub
bed down horses as though he and his
had been slaves from the time
of the food. Certain steps of mill
tary and nava! rank and certain
classes in the chivalrlc orders conferred by
the Sultan, the Khedive, or Generals in
the field, carry the title OF Bey with them,
but practically Bey has come to mean very
little more than esquire now means IL
England, that is, a complimentary way oil
addressing a man in writing. And one
saws "Bey Effendi" to almost any we'll
dressed stranger. If he is a Bey he is glad
you should know it; if he isn't, he is glad
you think he ought to be. Human nature
is human nature whether in America or in
Turkey.
But if Boys thus, unlike European no.
bles, fail to transmit their rank to r
remote posterity, it must be said, on the
other hand, that in no country can 1t be
said more truly thanin Turkey that every
male baby has an equal chance of rising
in the wOrld-Of becoming Grand Vizier
or Field Marshal or Sheikh-ul Islam. The
whole system of Mohammedanism is based
upon the equality OF all believers in the
dogma that there is one God and Johann
med is the prophet of God" There are no
first families except the imperial family,
aud short of the purple there is nothing to
which q Turk may not aspire. Of course,
no industry, ability, intelligence or bravery
will serve him unless he has luck" but
the same may be said Of any country. II
the Turk happens to catch the fancy OF the
Sultan, then his fortune is made, irrespec-
tive of abilities, but having a bit OF luck
10 start with, q Turk may very well force
himself upon the notice Of his sovereign.
This is especially the case in the military
career; and of this career in Tur-
key there is no better example than
that of Moukhtar Pasha. Mushir,
that is to say Field Marshal Chazi Tor vic
t%orious) Amhed Moukhtar Pasha, is no
aristocrat by origin. He springs no more
from the dregs OF the people than he does
from the scum He belongs essentially to
thai great industrial middle class which
IN every country has produced the most
honest and capable administrators and
leaders. For over three centuries the
family called Katyrdschy have been estab.
lished as silk weavers in the city Of Brous-
sa, that famous town which served as the
capital of the c%Onquering OttOmans for
centuries before they reached Constantine
pie, and which, situated at the foot of the
Asiatic Mount Olympus, has perennial
foundations. derived from melting snow,
running and leaping in every street. About
1S90-40 Hadii Ibrahim Agha K~atyrdschy,
having made, as his title implies, the pill
grimage to Mecca, served, by the election
Of his fellows, as head of the guild of silk
merchants in his beautiful native place,
which is the capital of its province.
One of his sons died while comparatively
young, leaving four lads to the care
of their grandfather. The eldest was
clever at school and was sent to the Galata
Military Academy, where he made no
particular mark, but got into the army,
and has rusted ever since, his high rank
being Major of Artillery in Tripoli. The
second and fourth sons devoted them
selves to the family business, but the
third, from his earlist days, wanted to be
a soldier. After five pears in the prepare
tory military academy of Broussa he
passed put at the head in all his
classes, and as u reward ne, too,
was sent to Galata Serai. There, in
the course Of four years, he so dis
tinguished himself under French tutors
that he was made a lieutenant while still a
pupil. aud on leaving he had for his re-
ward promotion to the rank of staff Cap.
tain. The famous Omer Pasha, Sirdaz
Ekzem, a commander in chief, WAS at this
time directing a campaign against the I'M
conquerable M%OntenegrIns, and Moukhtar
Joined his staff. The campaign was near
ly over, but the young captain found
means beforei it WA finished to capture with
a handful of cavalry the important
defle Of Ustruck, held by a considerable
body of the enemy, and to Ike p it until
troops were brought up to secure it. 0mer
promoted him to the rank of Adjutant
Major and decorated him for this, saying
TO him, as he himself said to a young Of
ficer ten years ago in in Armenia, "Well
done!' and embraced him on parade.
When hostilities with the men of the Black
Mountain were suspended Moukhtar be.
came professor of military architec.
ture and fertilization at his old
school at Galata, and held the post
two years, during which he prepared
plans, some of which he siterward carried
out, for the improvement Of the Danubian
fortress. In 1863, or three years after he
began service, he was made full Major and
appointed Chief Of the Staff of the Diyi.
SIOu W OIkdDlLoLiOu AZ A~iCAduuTclI COM
manded by Dervish Pasha who fought the
Russians at Batoum while Moukhtar was
fighting them near Kars. The next veal
he wos chosen, not by the Sultan, but BY
the Professors Of the Military College, a.
tutor to Yousscuf Izzedin, the eldest son Of
Abdul Aziz. They made the tour of Eu.
rope together, and Moukhtar received in
France, Austria and Germany various com,
plimentary decorations. For three year.
the tutor, nov a Lieutenant-Colonel had
his own troubles with the very willful
young Prince, and in 1867 he gave up bear,
leading to become n Of the Commission.
ers to settle the Montenegrin boundary,
Now he was in high favor at the palace,
but hitherto he had had no influence with
the Commander Of the Faithful. who
presently conferred upon him the high
privilege Of marrying n of his Majesty.
cousins who remains Moukhtar's only
wife, and has two charming children, 3
girl and a boy, the latter being now entered
at the Berlin Military School. He becams
q member Of the Council of War, with the
rank of Major General, and very soon af