Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-04-16
The Thirteen Colonies,

The first permanent settlement in the
colonies was the settlement at James
| town, Va, by the English in 1907, under
Captain John Smith. Massachusetts was
first settled at Plymouth by Il company
of Separatists from England They
landed December 81, 1920: New York
was first settled by the Dutch, who estab-
lished a colony on Manhattan Island in
1929. They called the colony New
Amsterdam, but it received the name New
York when taken possession of by the
English in 1864. Delaware was first per-
manently settled by the Swedes, who
built fort near the mouth of Christiana
creek in 1888. The Dutch had cstab-
lished a colony before this in 1870; near
Lewes, but the Indians had destroyed it.
They continued to lay claim TO the coun-
try, however, and conquered the Swedish
settlement in 1865, and it passed also into
the hands of the English in 1864 The
first settlement in Pennsylvania was also
made by the Swedes, who planted a little
colony at Chester in 1913. The settlement
of the colony proper, however, began in
1851, with colony sent out by William
Penn, who brought another company
himself in the following year. Their first
settlement was on the site of Philadcl-
phia, this city being laid out and named
by Penn in 1888, The first settlement
in New Jersey was made ut Elizabeth in
1864, by Puritans from Long Island. The
first settlement of New Hampshire was
made by the establishment of two fishing
stations at Portsmouth and Dover in 1923
by Massachusetts colOniSts. Connecticut
was first settled by immigrants from Mas
sachusetts at Wcthersficld in 1884. The
Saybrook colony sent out from England
settled at the mouth of the Connecticut
River in 1885. Rhode Islands first set
Element was at Providence in 1886 by
Roger Williams, who had been driven
by persecution from the Massachu-
sets colony. Settlement was begun in
Maryland in 1884 by Leonard Calvert, a
brother of Lord Baltimore who founded
Il colonly near the mouth of the Potomac
and called it st. Mary's. These settlers
were Roman Catholics who had fled
from prosecutions in England. The first
settlement in North Carolina by an Eng
fish colony sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh
in 1886, had been failure. A small
colony from Virginia had pushed down
the coast and settled the northern coast
of Albemarle sound, about 1860, but the
first colony was formed by company
from Barbados. which settled near the
Cape Fear river in 1865. South Carolina
had also an early settlement by the
French, at Port Royal in 1862, which
proved failure. A permanent settle
ment was made by an English colony
near the mouth of the Ashley river in
1870. Georgia's first settlement was by an
English colony under James Ogelthorpe in
1873. The governments of these colonies
had each certain peculiarities, but they
may all be divided for convcnienccs into
three classes-the charter colonies, the
proprietary colonies, and the royal colo
MES. The charter colonies were Mas.
sachusette, Rhode Island and Connccti
cut. These had charter from the king,
which gave them the power to elect thcir
own officers and govern themselves.
James II. succeeded in altering the char
ter of Massachusetts so as to take from
the colonists the election of their princi-
pal officer, The attempt was made to
deprive Connecticut of her charter at the
same time, but failed. The proprietary
colonies We're Maryland and Pennsylvania
including Delaware. These were given
by the king to proprietors or owners who
formed governments in them, gave char
tiers to the colonists, defining their privi-
leges, and appointed governors for them.
The royal colonies were New Hampshire,
New York, New Jersey, Virginia, North
Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.
These had no charters, and their govern
ors were appointed by the king. Nearly
for a short time at first, but were given up
by the proprietors because of the difficulty
of sustaining them. - Chicago Inter- Ocean,