davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Pleasant Changes at Ghe East Pear
Street Church, Fair Haven.

Pleasant Changes at the East Pearl
street Church, Fair Haven.
The East Pearl street NJ. E. church is pro-
crossing greatly and it would surprise some
of the "brethrsn and sisters" who have gone
before, who used to worship in the old edi-
foe with its extremely plain exterior and
frigidly plain interior, could they behold the
present edifce, its air of comfort, its goodly
interior and exterior, its commodiousness
and its various modern improvements. Back
of the pulpit in the old church was large
scenic colored representation intended to
awe the beholders and give additional force
to the sound theological truths uttered from
the sacred desk. 1t did awe many, especial
ly the young. Then the old pews were so
uncomfortable, apparently designed in the
true spirit of Puritanic simplicity and well
calculated to convey an idea of religious
austerity. The choir, too, was of the most
primitive kind and was such as to convey
but small idea of the beauties of harmony
All this is changed. The good souls that
worshipped under the old surroundings were
without doubt just as true hearted, sincere
and faithful as their successors and contrib
uted literally, considering their means and
numbers, and many were the sanity men
and women among them. To-day the church
stands clothed in beauty and seems from its
appearance to welcome the passer-by to
come in and worship. The various improve
ments contaminated in the last year have
been noted in these columns and mark an
other epoch of great prosperity in the history
of this church. A still further welcoming
influence is being added new piano, which
is to adorn the church parlors-a ndithe mem
bership has again been substantially increased
of late. Mr.. Crawford will give financial
1o,x
evening the pastor, Rev. Mr.. Goodenough,
will preach on a topic which is excit-
ing wide interest in the Congregational pull
pits of America, viz; 1.-THE new theology"
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
TRYING TO REACH THE FLAMES.


A Still Alarm of Fire But the Fire
Alarm Has to be Struck-The Fire In
the Cloister Club Rooms ON ELM
Street.
Shortly after O'Clock last night word was
received at No. 2's engine house that there
was a fire at No. SO Elm street, in Sheffield
block, occupied by the Cloister club, COM
posed of some Yale Scientific scholars.
Smoke was pouring up through the floor OF
the rear room on the first floor, occupied by
Daniel Perkins and Gardner Ball. They
tried to chop away the floor near the hall
door to reach the flames. Suddenly the
flames leaped forth and messenger was at
once despatched to the police office and
Lieutenant Wrinn rang the general fire
alarm from box 212.
The fire had caught from the CRATE and
eaten its way through the floor to the hall
The fremen tore up large portion of the
floor to the room before the flames could be
extinguished. The damage amounted to
about $500, which is covered by insurance.
Considerable damage was done by water
The fire was first discovered by Jesse Damn.
Charles H. Webb has the renting of the
building.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
FAIR HAVEN.

General Happenings That VIII be
Residents.
Richard Dolph, a painter and well known
resident of Stony Creek for many years, has
removed to Fair Haven.
Rev. Erastus Blakeslee will not remove
his family to Spencer, Mass, until next
week.
The wedding of Miss L Maud Huntley and
J. A. Peck will take place on Wednesday
next, November 16. at the house of the
BRIDES uncle, J. P Morrow, Al Clinton ave-
nue. The marriage will be strictly private.
Tomorrow Mrs. G. II. Fitzgerald will
speak at the rink temperance meeting. This
afternoon at o'clock she will meet the chill
dren of the Loyal legion.
The Young Peoples society of the East
Pearl street Methodist church have purchased
a new piano for the church parlors.
Builder J. A. Thorpe has the framework
erected for new house on Pierpont street.
Mr. and Mrs. John Jude have returned
from Holyske, Mass, and have rented their
old house on Atwater street.
George II. Corbin of Riverside, Cal, late
ly of Fair Haven, has gone into the real es-
tate and banking business at Riverside.
The Y. W. G. T. U. has reelected its old
officers for the ensuing year.
Mr. Daniel Brown, of North Front street,
has been quite i'll with congestive chills, but
is now getting better.
Mrs Morse, a sister of the late Mrs. IL. N.
Bush, died at the MiddIetown insane asylum
this week.
Twenty-four persons have recently Joined
the Methodist church.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
ARMORY NOTES.

The Light Guards Ride Team Offer
Prizes for Marksmanshfp-The Horse
Guard Invited to Attend the G. A. R.
Fair.
The officers of several of the armory COM
panies were busy giving commands to the
men they were drilling last evening. Sergt.
Bailey was exercising the Calling gun men
with the gun and Captain Hall drilled the
Horse Guards on the main floor of the armo-
ry. Captain Gut commanded the City
Guards, who were drilled in the manual in
the squad drill room. In the parlors of the
Blues, Sarsfelds and Light Guard were mem
bers of the companies having social chats.
The Light Guard Rife club have made ar
engagements to give several shooting matches
on Thanksgiving day at Quinnipiac range.
Match No. is open to teams of four from
any company. The club propose to offer $40
as first prize in this class.
Match No. 2 is called the novice match,
open to all members of the Second regiment
who have not won marksman's badge
No. is designated all corners match and
is open to all, with the proviso that the gun
used be a military gun, national rules to gov
ern.
The next is called all corners military,
open to all members of the G. N. G. Several
handsome prizes have already been contrib
uted. All the prizes will be valuable and
with the exception of those that are pledged
will be offered by the club. Captain Allen,
1. R. P, is to be requested to act as referee.
The Horse Guard, having been invited to
attend the G. A. R. fair of Henry G. Merwin
post have expressed their intention to visit
the fair on next Friday evening"
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Mr.. Wilson Waddingham this week
bought the extensive ranch of A. M. Cam
mel, situated at Romeroville, six miles be-
low Las Vegas. Since Mr.. Cammel's pur-
chase of the property, about two years ago,
he has made large and costly Improvements
on the same, and it is without doubt to-day
the best equipped ranch property of above
$500 acres in New Mexico. The house is
spacious and modern-built and elegantly
finished, the barns and outbuildings are
large and well adapted to the wants of fine
estate. The reservoirs and bitches in excel
lent order admit of the successful tillage of
all the bottom land.-The Stock Grower,
Las Veges, November 8.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

The latest styles of neckwear.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
Saturday. November 10, 1887
NEW ADVERTIsEMENTS TOD.


Bargains-J. E. Northrop. ,,
Cheapest Place In The Cfty-L: Schonbergers
1,Iairyoyance-Mrs. d. Armand.
DR. warmers Health Underwear-At Dudley's.
Fair To;Night-HeenIE;y ., q aeTWip 20 PoSt
For Sale-House and Barn.. F. Comstock q Co.
For Saie-House and Lot-Nerwin's Office.
For Sale-House-R. E. Baldwin.
Hoods Sarsaparllla-At Druggists'.
Henry c. Merwin Fair-Smith'S Hall.
Holiday Goods-Bowditch & Prudden Company.
Hunts Remedy-At Druggists.
Investments and Marginal OrderS-H. ClewS & Co,
Lost-Dog-341 Orange Street.
New Butter Store-Seth Cruttenden.
New Marrow Beans-P. @. LesSey.
Notice-Town Registrars
Opening Day-Augur's Art Rooms.
Probate Notice-Estate of Harriet S. Hall.
Rev. Sam Jones-HyperiOn Theater.
Stevens Market-12 Congress Avenue.
To The Public-O. j. Woodford.
Wanted-Girl-S21 Winthrop Avenue,
wanted Girls Whitney Avenue.
SUNDAY SERVICES.
Summerfeld NJ. E. Church-Rev. A. A. Lathbury'
United Church-Rev. Dr. Munger.
Trinity Nj. E. Church-Rev. G. E. Reed.
Church of the Holy Spirit-Rev. Phebe A. Hanaford.
college Street Church-Rev. DR.. McI,ane.
First M L. Church-Rev NJ. b. Chapman.
First Baptist Church-Rev. w. H. Butrick.
Good Sanaritans-T5 Orange Street.
Church of the Messiah-ReN. l.. H. SqulreS.
Howard Avenue NJ. e. Church-Rev. n. Hubbell.
City Mssions-Rev. w. u. Mosman.
Davenport Church-Rev. Arthur Reed.
Calvary Baptist Church-Rev L. D. Temple.
East Pearl Street NJ f. Church Rev. Goodenough.
George Street NJ. z. Church--Rev. Joseph Baird.
Sc John Street NJ. f. Church Rev. /. n. Foster.
Humphrey Street Church.Rev. II. q WoodruH'
Beers Street Chapel-Rev. A J. Wheeler.
Center Church-Rev. DR. Newman Smyth.
Dwight Place Church-Rev. DR.. Twitchell.
Gospel Union-Rev. John c. Collins.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS
To the Henry @. Meryv1n Post who's
Fair opens at Smiths Hall Ehi

To the Henry @. NEeryvIn Post Whose
Fair opens at Smiths Hall This
Evening.
The Henry G. Merwin post fair will open
in Smiths Hall this evening. It will IN
doubtedly be a success. Additional contri-
buttons are as follows: Bolton 6 Nicely, silver
ice pitcher; E. NJ. Woodward, one ton of
coal; Thomas Hughes, $40; S. H. Kirby, sill
verware; William NJ. Rankin, box of cigars;
Oscar ]. Hull, $3.50; B. F. Kinlan, 81; c..
Pallman, fan; L. L. Adler, pair match safes;
F. and L. Lyons, fancy box; F. A. and D.
R. Alling, one-half ton of coal; L. D. Child
sey, 81; F. Stanley Bradley, fifty cents; G..
A. Moeller, box cigars; New Haven Baking
company, box crackers; E. ]. Hea1ey, box
cigars; Moses Thomas, coffee; T. Laden, fifty
cents; Lancraft Brothers, oysters; 81. Bristol,
Westville, box cigars: George Farovid, toilet
soap; George w. Smith, one barrel shell oys-
tiers; B. Rogowski, lady's hat; George Robin
son, crockery; Mrs. NJ. A. Hughes, 50; Miss
Sarah E. Hughes, 81; cash, twenty five cents;
Jonathan F. Rowe, box cigars; Bradley &
Davis, barrel of -four
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
CIty Missions.

At the Meadow street mission rooms to-
morrow evening there will be special service
for young men, with various addresses. There
will be at 7:30 pm. short praise service In
the afternoon at 3 o'clock there will be held
as usual the Sunday school lately established
at the mission rooms by members of the
Church of the Redeemer, with Bible class
for adults. At 3:15 pm. religious service
will be held at the branch mission hall, cor
ner of COTE and Sperry streets, conducted by
Mr.. G. A. Morse of the st. John street NJ. E.
church
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
Cannon Sense

Should be used in attempting to cure that
very disagreeable disease, catarrh. AS ca:
local applications can do no permanent good.
The common sense method of treatment is to
purify the blood, and for this purpose there
Is no preparation superior to Hoods Sarsa-
parilla. That this peculiar medicine does
cure catarrh is shown by the many testimo-
malls from people who have found relief up
on using it when all others had failed. A
book containing statements of cures sent on
receipt of two-cent stamp, by O. l. Hood &
Co., Lowell, Mass. n12 d&w
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
a GRAND CONCERT

Under the Auspices of the Young
Women's Christian Temperance
Union.
The members of the Young Women's
Christian Temperance union have under
consideration plans for grand concert to be
given sometime during the present month by
such artists as Miss Gaffney, Mr.. Dan Jones,
the celebrated whistler; Mr.. Gavegan, the
cornetist, who recently played at concert
in Naugatuck with great success; a quartette
from Davenport church choir and other mu-
sicians, with Rotations by fine elocution-
ist-comprising programme which cannot
fail to prove the enterprise successful one.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
ANNUAL MEETING
Of the Young Women's Christian
Temperance Union.

Temperance Un1OA.
The annual meeting of the Young Women's
Christian Temperance union was held at theil
headquarters on Thursday evening. Not
withstandipg the storm between forty and
fifty were assembled in the rooms at the ap-
pointed hour. The election of officers result
ed in nearly the same officers as last year
In addition to the business of the evening 6
programme of reading and music had been
arranged. A fine description of the temper
ance temple to be built in Chicago was given
by one of the young ladies. Cake and coffee
were served and all were we'll pleased with
the first evening in their own rooms.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
ADVENT CHAPEL.
Last of a Series of Sermons.

Last of u Series of Sermons.
The last of a powerful series of sermons on
the coming of the Lord, resurrection day and
other important events to occur at that time
will be preached by A. J. Wheeler at Beers
street chapel, Sunday, Nov. 10, at 2:30 p. m.
Subject: "What have seen in New Haven
which makes me think the Lord is soon COM
in0o
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Tonight at the Good Samaritans' temper
ance meeting Vice President Charles Cameron
will preside. Tomorrow evening Rev. James
w. Denton will deliver temperance address,
Miss Lillian Fisher will recite and a quar-
tette will furnish music. Meeting begins at
7:S0 O'Clock: all welcome
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
The Annual Pound Party Next v
ntedin n1iddletnwn.

Ex-Policeman John Hoar, of Middletown,
died yesterday morning. He was for time
member of the police force of that city,
was veteran of the late war. a member OF
Mansfield post, G. A. R., and of the Ancient
Order of Hibernians. He was about fifty
years old and in every way an industrious
and worthy citizen
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
EXHIBITION AND BALL

To be Given by the Turn Society at
Turn Hail.
Next Monday evening an exhibition and
ball will be given at Turn Hall by the pupils
of the Turn society. The event is given IN
der the auspices of the Turner society. About
twenty five pupils will take part in the turn
ing. For the best turner's there are four
prize-two gold and two silver badges. The
occasion will be one of unusual interest.
There will be two orchestras present, Haines'
for the turning andRosinus' for the dancing.
The admission is fifteen cents. The exhibit
ton will commence at O'Clock.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

The New Haven Grays went to Hartford
yesterday as the guests of Company K of the
First regiment. Everything was carried out
according to the programme and the Grays
had delightful time. They returned on the
o1ul trnir this 1norninn
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
week of Prayer For Young MEN.

Next week is week of prayer for young
men. Many pastors of the city will preach
sermon tomorrow about young men. The
Young Mems Christian association will hold
meeting each evening during the week at
O'Clock and tomorrow special service at
4:3O All men are invited to attend these
saryices
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12


Nancy A. Russell, aged ninety-four, widow
of the late J. W. Russell and sister of the
late Enoch and Divine Platt, living at the
residence of her daughter, Mrs. R. B. Sanford,
in Waterbury was burned to death Thursday.
Her clothing caught fire from stove. Mrs.
Sanford threw rugs about her mother and put
out the fire, but the old lady died in the
eYaninp
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
A BRIDGEPORT ANARCHIST.
Seigfreid Seller Closes His Store an
PrOclaiIns His Greed.

FrOcAaAnS ms OHeou'
BRIDGEPORT, Nov. 11.-Seigfreid Seller, a
business man on Main street and recognized
leader of Socialism in this city, closed his
store this noon and posted the following no.
tice bordered in black on the front door:
''Closed in honor of the noble martyrs of free
speech haunted to death by cannibals of the
press and pulpit" Portraits of the con-
demned men we're also shown in the front
window draped in black.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
Surprise Party.

Miss Minnie Strouse, daughter of Mr..
Strouse of Bolton & Neely's, was given sur
prise by many of her friends last evening at
her home on Lafayette street. The house
was filed with the visitors, and all passed
the evening in a very pleasant social manner.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Last night the first annual chrysanthemum
exhibition of the New Haven Chrysanthemum
club closed There was a very large attend
ance yesterday and in the afternoon many
school children were present. The society is
very proud to think that its first attempt in
this line has been crowned with such sue
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
Personal Jottfngs.

Mr. G. P. Jordan has added to his fine
stock of fancy chicks trio of white Japa-
nese bantams. They are very rare in this
country.
Messrs. Crompton and Marshall of
Bradley street were out for hunt Thursday.
A solitary quail, fanked by two chipmunka
and a woodchuck, and thorough ducking
constituted their days luck.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
THE d. OF L. FAIR OPENS.
The Old State House Lighted Up Fol
the Event.

the Event.
There was very good attendance at the
Daughters OF Liberty fair, which opened il
the old State House last night. At the clos
the voting stood as follows: For the silk hat
A. N. Covert 81. J. o. Vasseler 5, w. o, Sta
Piles /; for GUAM. pin, J. F. Pallman II
boys suit, Willie Staples 4; D. of L. regalia
l.. N Tanner Is, Mrs. w. J. futile 12 Thu
fair continues tonight.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
EvANGELIsTIO SERVICES
To he Held Mt the George street M. E
Church.


Church.
Eyangelistic services will be held at the
George street NJ. E. church by Miss Grace
Weiser of York, Pa, every evening for the
next two weeks at 730, commencing on Sun
day morning at 1890. Afternoon services
will also be held on Wednesdays, Thursdays
and Fridays at O'Clock. Those who attend
ed the services conducted by Miss Weiser in
this church last winter will be glad to hear
of her return to our city. No evangelist on
this continent has had more real success
than she. All the people like to hear her
sing All who have heard her know how
impressive and persuasive her addresses are.
The public are earnestly invited.
G. B. Bunnen and the Grand Army.
The following private letter gives the first
information that the Grand Army fair at the
National armory in December is to be pro-
vided with an amusement hall and that G.
B. Bunnell is already arranging for doing his
share in aiding the enterprise:
NEW York, Nov. II, 1887
Major Clark Peck, dear air-WilI you kindly see
that the stage appointments for the Grand Army
t tar pat the IN he ha rake the fittings for 6e
Bijou stage from the museum hall, and if they
pperion; and if that fails Send me a line to New
York and will endeavor to supply your wants
miral Foote post man, think cannot do better
than impose this duty on you, for my many bust
ter my own personal attention. 1 DESTROYS that
nothing shall be lacking on my part to make the
lend you any assistance you may require with other
help If needed. Believe me.
Yours sincerely,
u
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

All seal plush wraps and sacques at
Brooks & Co. Is, manufacturers, are the best
finished garments sold and perfect fitting.
Seal sacques warranted to wear. Brooks &
Co., Chapel, corner State. Hats % and up
wards.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Having decided on account of the rapid
and unprecedented increase in the demands
for my home made pies to give up the bread
and cake departments of my business I take
this method of returning my most sincere
thanks to my patrons for past favors and
pledge my most earnest efforts to merit
continuance of the same in this new depart
ment. o. I. WooDFoRD,
III Kimberly avenue.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Fancy ribbons, watered ribbons, shaded
ribbons, satin and gros grain ribbons by the
carton, piece yard; largest assortment and
lowest prices at R. Ballerstein & Co.'s.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

In the hot summer months nothing is
more palateabIe than Ham if sweet and ten
der. Housekeepers should always ask for
Sperry & Barnes Hams and pure Kettle
Lard. The reputation of their goods ex-
tends all overy the world. MO cod.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
NEW HAVEN, CONN.


OAE YEAR, 5000; SIX MONTHS, $3.OO;
THREE MONTHS, $3.50; ONE MONTH"; oo
cFNrs ONE WEEK, 10 CENTS; SINGLE
COPIES, 3 CENTS.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Mrs. John Shaler, of Stamford, accident
ally fell from second story window of her
residence Thursday evening and was killed.
The Annual Pound Party Next We'd
nesday.
The pound party for the Young Women's
Christian association will take place at the
Home, 568 Chapel street, next Wednesday
evening
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Do you suffer with catarrh? You can be
cured if you take Hoods Sarsaparilla, the
great blood purifier. Sold by all druggists.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
WEATHER RECORD.
INDICATIONS FOR TO-DAY.

WAR DEPARTMENT,
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF SIGNAL SERVICE,
WASHINGTON, D. c.. Nov. IL. 1887, a. m.
For New England and Eastern New York: Fair
weather, slight changes in temperature, fresh to
brisk northwesterly winds.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

The monument to the murdered Matte
Randall in East Morris is erected It is of
Scotch granite five feet high, surmounted by
an urn. Upon it besides the name and
dates is inscribed, ga tribute to her high
Christian character by many friends"
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
LOOMS SAYS WHY

Lavish your money on tramps that spend
the live-long day ringing your door bell,
expatiate upon the merits of some unknown
piano or organ Dismiss them at once with
a reprimand, and when you have time call
upon G. NJ. LOOMS, who does not owe doll
lar in the world and pays cash for every
instrument IN he buys Don't fail to try
the beautiful upright piano, which you can
buy for 1905 with the money you have laid
up and thus save interest and all the dis
count and agents commissions, and the sal
aries and expenses which at times are enor-
mous-and must be paid by you. All this
will be saved to you by buying at the Temple
of Music no11 st
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Remember the Henry G.. Merwin post fair
at Smiths Hall, GIG Chapel street, tonight.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

Remember the Henry G. Merwin post fair
at Smiths Hall. GIG Chapel street, tonight.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12
The Governors Portraits.

q. 1. Thompson, of New Haven, has nearly
completed his lise-size picture of Governor
Lounsbury and is only waiting for his ap-
proval before putting it on exhibition previ-
GUS to removing it to the State library in the
Capitol, to be hung with the portraits of
previous Governors, many of which are also
from the same artists easel.-Hartford
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1887-11-12

See johnson & Brothers. ad. on third page.
Take aD.K and be O. K. See ad. m7tf