davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16
Newspapers as a Means of Education.

There is much discussion among
the learned, and those who give the
matter thought, as to whether "em-
phemeral literature" as it is termed
does really harm or good.
The verdict depends much upon
whatever education is to be regarded
as a means, or as an end. From our
point of view, education, to the
masses. is a means and not an end.
Those who acquire education for ed
ucatiOn'5 sake are so comparatively
few as to be hardly worth mention
ing. The tendancy is to absorb rath-
er than to acquire education, and
new days, many man, woman
and child is educated without know
ing it, as it were. One may have
neither time, money nor inclination
to take up a solid book for thorough
study, and at the same time find it
impossible to read, even cursorily. d
modern periodical, without getting
information on almost every subject
that engages the immediate atten-
ton of mankind at large.
Let us then have newspapers-dai-
lies, weeklies. neutrality-suspicious.
and magazines of every description.
for by them most surely is practic-
al literary education brought within
the grasp of all. 1t is certainly
hopeful sign of the times that the es
tabished "Readers" have been set
aside in many of the schools, and
current publications allowed to take
their place. Such change indicates
healthy revolution. Children have
been taught reading too commonly
without being made comprehend
its everyday usefulness. Within
the last twenty years many a boy or
girl oftWelve, who was able to plod
quite respectfully through the dreary
piatitudes of reader could not read
either intelligiblv or intellgently
paragraph of news in daily paper.
1t is believed by some that our in
tellectual super-activity is largely
the effect of the ephemeral literature
which floods our land. May it not
rather be considered the cause? We
are impatient, restless. eager; prone
to cultivate brain at the expense of
Drawn. The press is at once our
stimulent and our safety. In its
wise conservation rests the foremost
educational hope of the age. A CIV
ilization may follow this which will
demand a return to slower methods
of thought and expression, but to-
day we hasten toward the other eX-
treme. And while those who would
still fill up lifetime with study, for
study's sake, may do so without in
terruption; the wider and sWifter
avenues to learning are open freely
to aIl.-Frederick NelCS.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16
The B. & 0. Situation.

The New York Herald of Sunday
said: "Ives is no longer the man.
Neither is his partner Stayner, of
Ives-Stayner celebrity. Their deal
for CARROTS control of the Baltimore
and Ohio is off. if the best possible
authority is to be believed. Henry
Willard is the man now. He has no
partner or American hacker in the
deal, il is understood, but represents
with complete authority the syndi-
ate of German capitalists for whom
he has been acting in other matters
for some time. Ten days ago Mr..
Garrett became convinced that Ives
and Stayner had failed in their efforts
to complete the trade, and they were
directed to turn over to Mr.. CARROTS
representative all the documents that
had been placed in their hands. They
did so, and the papers were given to
Mr.. Willard, who forthwith began
thorough investigation Of the aC-
counts aud properties OF the Baltl-
more and Ohio Company. The in
Yestigation is still in progress, and it
requires that Mr.. Willard shall visit
several cities. lie started on his tour
last night. Mr.. Willard declined TO
say what discoveries he had made, or
what conclusions he had reached, but
people very close to him said that the
condition ofthe Baltimore and Ohio's
properties and finances would not
warrant anything like the figures
asked by Mr.. Garrett. Unless they
were greatly reduced there would be
no trade.
"That Mr.. Garrett would DO will
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16

ing to make concessions is hardly to
be doubted. The deal. first through
Sully, then through Ives-Stayner,
and now through Willard, has com
mitted his property so thoroughly TO
the mercy of the market that he feels,
it is said, that there must be sale to
save both his own and the Baltimore
and Ohio's credit, Besides this, he
is under pressure in Baltimore. Two
weeks ago to-day a number OF the
most prominent merchants and imam
ciers of that city met at Fortress
Monroe, and after a long conference
came to a decided decision that the
property must be sold.
"They were anxious that it should
fall into good hands, and looked with
favor on the suggestion that it be
offered to the foreign capitalists rep
resented by Mr.. Willard. The ad-
yantages TO be gained by such sale
would be, first, good prices for their
holdings of Baltimore and Ohio
stock, and, second, a change Of man
agement for the road, which they
deemed to be injured by unWise
tinanciering and enterprises more eX-
pensive than fortunate. They were
especially alarmed at the quantity of
Baltimore and Ohio paper floating in
Baltimore.
"Mr. Gould is not interested in the
new deal, but he knows that it is
going on, and a director of the Wes-
tern Union company has for several
days been seeking an interview with
Dir. Willard. lie had not succeeded
when Mr.. Willard started for the
train to leave town, though he had
| three or four appointments to meet
Mr.. Willard. One of these, the first,
was not kept because he was little
| late. He was told that Mr., Willard
| had been gone for three minutes. ue
was treasured, however, with the in
formation that Mr.. Willard would
meet him at certain hour the next
day. The next day at that hour Mr..
Willard was not at his office. Evi-
IDENTIFY Mr.. Willard was not ready to
talk business with the Gould interest.
THAT Mr.. Gould fears to see the
Baltimore and Ohio sold to strong
people goes without saying, and it is
very unlikely that he will allow the
trade to go through without making
overtures for interest. at least to the
extent of getting control of the tele-
graph property. But Mr.. Garrett
has said, that in no event will he sell
his wires to the Western Union.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16
Young RepubIlCans.

PHILADELPHIA, PA, April IL
The sixth annual banquet of the
young Republicans of Philadelphia
was given at st. Georges hall to-
night and was largely attended. The
following letter from Senator John
Sherman was read, and its sentiments
received with applause;
WASHINGTON, d. c., April s.
", EdWR &elUart, President Young
Republicans
MY DEAR SIR:-While I am COM
PEELED to deny myself the pleasure of
dining with the young Republican
club of PHILADELPHIA, on April 1ith,
| take the occasion to express my
high appreciation of the value Of their
services to the cause Of good govern
ment, in which we all are, or ought
to be enlisted.
AS one of the seniors of the Repub-
lican party | may be allowed to give
words of encouragement and advice
to young men who have assumed or
will soon assume the control of our
political organization. We certainly
should feel pride in the great meas
ures that have been successfully exc
cuted by the Republican party, and
although you may not have to con-
duct a gigantic war for preservation
of the Union, and will probably have
no such difficult tasks as rec0nstruc-
ton and slavery to deal with, yet
the work OF the Republican party is
but fairly begun. That which is past
is honorable, that which is to come
will depend chiefly upon the vigor,
integrity and patriotism of the young
Republicans, who, like yourselves
are now organizing to continue the
work of the past.
What you have to do is still further
to develop and diversity American
industry. 1t should be our aim to
produce everything in this coun-
try for which The god of nature
has given us, the raw materials CT
those things which are suited to our
soil aud climate. Every measure
should be supported that will tend to
foster, defend and protect home in
dustries. We should not be content
until every channel Of communica-
ton capable of improvement and
which will yield benefits equal to
their cost shall be improved. The
education of the rising generation
without respect to race, color, or pre-
vious condition. ought to be a con-
slant object Of desire. The equal en-
joyment of every civil and political
right given by the Constitution
should be secured by every legal and
constitutional means. The shadows
and prejudices of the past should be
lifted by the lights of modern civili-
cation.
The workingman in every condi-
ton and employment of life should
be encouraged, protected and assist
I Cd by every reasonable means to adj
vance his condition, and to open up
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16
Business Barometer.

NEW YORK, April 9,-R. G. Dun
& Co., in their weekly review of
trade, says: The Interstate Com
merce act causes quite as much dis
turbance as was anticipated. Ship
ments. in the aggregate enormous for
distribution beyond Chicago, have TO
be re-biIled thep. Merchants and
manufacturers find rates raised from
80 to 80 per cent. on many distant
shipments. Pacific lines complain
that trans-cOntinental traffic is rem
dered impossible, unless they are eX-
empted; the association of twenty
seven Southern roads and lines has
already obtained temporary eXemp-
ton, because of consequent Interrupt
ton of traffic. Northern lines, COM
peting with lake transporters, claim
equal needs, and interior roads cite
large shipments of flour down the
Mississippi because through rail rates
are raised.
Coal rates increase the cost of fuel
81 per ton about Philadelphia /;
change in iron freights disturb the
trade, and may close some furnaeeAss.
These are but a few of the difficulties
which the Commission is expected to
examine. and in some way to remedy,
but the question is how far is it able.
General business is fairly active,
though dizziness is the complaint at
some points. The output Of iron for
the first quarter Of 1887 is reckoned
at 1868, 046 tons, which is at the rate
of 10 6 per cent oyer last years pro-
duction. Yet the present demand is
slack. New Orleans finds freight
handling embarrassed by labor dis
sensions. and trade Is dull there, at
Mobile and Montgomery. active at
Birmingham, improving at Louis
vile except in distilling and quiet
and hopeful at Milwaukee since the
defeat of the labor ticket.
Money is in moderately good sup
ply though growing scarce at Cleve-
land, and needed at Milwaukee on
account of slow collections. From
most points collections are reported
reasonably prompt.
There is growing real estate spec
ulation, and especially at Cincinnati
and Louisville, and at other western
cities and new manufacturing centres
at the South. Not few prudent men
doubt whether there is not an undue
expansion of credits. resulting from
speculative activity, and caution in
that direction is certainly warranted.
In the greater markets speculation
is spasmodic. Wheat has advanced
| cent. Corn and oats changed little;
hogs and lard are lower oil had a
spasm of activity for two days, but
closes less than cent higher than
last week tin RECEIVERS little after a
decline and copper, iron, sugar and
wool are unchanged. Coffee has risen
one-fourth cent and cotton a six
tenth.
Stocks declined sharply when Wall
street realized that the long expected
disturbances, in consequence of the
Interstate act, had actually COM
menced, and then recovered a little
on suspension Of the act by the Com
mission in favor of the Southern
roads.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16

Mixing lime with any kind of ma
nure will cause decomposition quick
ly, but at the loss of the volatile mat
ter, 1t will not be beneficial to use
lime with manure, except when
about to apply the manure to the
land, for then the soil, which is usu-
ally damp, will arrest the escape of
ammonia, especially If the manure
be narrowed in or we'll incorporated
with the soil,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16
Preserve the Trees.

Prof. Edmund j. James of the
University of Pennsylvania, in a re-
cent lecture in the Friends Institute
course, at the Academy Of Fine Arts,
on "Our Forests and the Public
Veal" said
1.-The forests of any large country
bear peculiar relation to our nation
al prosperity. Most people have an
inadequate idea of the economic val
ue of our own forests, the product of
which in 1880 exceeded $500, 900, 600,
This interest ranks third in the line
of our material prosperity, counting
manufacturing first and agricultural
second. If forests were of no more
consequence than as the source of the
increment of wealth which their an
nual yield represents, they would be
worthy of especial attention and care
But although the national govern
ment has put forth great efforts and
expended untold sums for the pro-
motion of agriculture and manufac-
turing, for improving highways and
rivers, it has done almost nothing for
the protection and cultivation of our
forests, from which we are deriving
a larger value in natural wealth than
from all other natural supplies.
"But the argument that we should
take care of our forests for fear that
a scarcity of timber would follow
their destruction is not the only one
presented for their sustenance. A
more important one is that they de-
termine to great extent climatic
and hygienic conditions. Whether
the presence of forests increases the
rainfall in a given area is a disputed
question, but that they bring about
much better distribution Of moiS-
ture throughout the year is not
doubted. The forests are the regu-
latOrS of the character of our great
and little streams. This effects nav
igation and the whole transportation
system of the country. 1t effects
manufacturing for factories and mills
would not be founded along a water
course which is a torrent one-fourth
of the year and IA dry bed during a
like period, 1t effects the water sup
ply of our great cities. 1t would, for
instance, be possible to seriously in
iure agricultural interests along the
lower Ohio by merely cutting off the
forests at its sources.
"Moreover, trees purify the at
mosphere. They dry it when too
damp and moisten 1t when too dry.
They are manufacturers of ozone, the
life-giVing element of the atmoS-
phere, DIR. Pepper has shown that
the greatest immunity from con-
sumption exists where large areas of
pine forests still stand.
"If all the forests were cut off from
the American continent the greater
part of it would become in half a
generation a bowling wilderness in
capable of supporting man or beast.
A certain ratio, between 20 and 80
per cent of the whole agricultural re-
gion-of any country must, for the
good of the rest, remain forest land.
ut was estimated in 1870 that TO-
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16

The Grafton Standard Enterprise
gets off the following: When Cap
tain Clements retired from the Balti-
more & ohio road, Durham, the then
general manager, had the name
"West Virginia" stricken from his
private car. Durham didn't seem to
know that there was such state.
When General Manager Clements
comes in on the 18th inst. that name
must go back on that car. Mark
that prediction
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16
SATURDAY, APRIL 16, 1887.

The new Kansas liquor law makes
it necessary for a man desiring to
open drug store to have twenty
five women signers to the petition
and any person who buys liquor
must go before a notary public and
make affidavit as to what use he will
make of it and that it is not intended
for beverage,
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16

to him by honest labor and enterprise
all the avenues of wealth and honor
Our adyersaries may brood over the
dead past and mourn the decay Of
confederate ideas, but Republican,
hail with unbOunded satisfaction ev-
cry advance of our country in
strength and power at home and
abroad, conscious that this is consis-
tent with the full powers of State,
county and local governments reach
ing to every family and homestead
in the land.
With the sincere hope that your
societyand kindred societies through
out the United States may take up
the work of the Republican party and
carry it to its logical results,
| am, as ever,
Very truly yours,
JOHN SHERMAN.
Ex-Congressman John S. Wise, Of
Virginia, was the guest of the even
ing. In response to toast, he made
a vigorous attack upon the Demo
cratic party in Oyerhauling its rec.
ord. In the course of his remarks he
said +;
THE Republican party, if it would
win," he said, "must cease stalking
its all on New York. Virginia is
Republican. Eleven counties with
10000 whites, and but $4,000 BLACKS
give in an aggregate vote of 99.tE5,~ y
Republican majority of over 300.
Indiana no more has Hendricks
and Mcdonald to lead--the one is
dead, the other snubbed. West Vir
ginia is Republican, mnessee an6
North Carolina are ready to come in
Let us devote one-ten'h the energy
and means on them that has gone t.
New York in the pas, and the vic
tory is ours"
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16

Correspondents must enclose full name and
address, not necessarily for publication, but
as a private guarantee of good faith. Reject
ed communications will not be returned.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-04-16

TERMS OF ADVERTISING

First insertion. 81 per square of ten lines
50 cents per square for each additional inser-
ion Special contracts for advertising longer
han three months.
The Dickinson press., 1887-04-09
THOSE BIG TELESCOPE LENSES.

They Are Declared to Bc Perfect in
spite of tho Black Spccks.
The foundation and walls of the brick dome
which will shelter the great telescope are
complete This will he the largest revolving
dome i'll the world when completed, which
will be about tn" middle of March. Its in
side diameter is seventy feet, and it will he
s"vrntyiivr feet in height. The bel uron
which the great telescope will rcvolvc, COM
posed of concrete, iron and granite, is now
complete. The last slab was placed in posi-
ton Immediately over tho spot where rest
the remains of the founder, James Lick But
the great interest of all visitors ccntrlS in tho
lenses, about which so much has hccn written
anil published during the past seven years.
They arrived safely n few days ngo, nnl are
now locked up i'll tircproof vault, guarded
10y douh" iron doors. Capt. Floyd appeared
t" motto" the imptienre of my party, hut he
said nothing. while coolly conducting tho
visitors from one point to another, all of
interest, and giving interesting descriptions
of the uses and wonders of tho polished, deli
cate Instruments which suddenly appeared III
various places in most surprising ways
Finally the vault was reached and the doors
opened with care, while every visitor in
voluntarily removed his hat. There they
were.
81 thought there wcro two glasses, mildly
suggested one of tho party.
"'rhe two glasses arc in that steel ring" +" said
the captain, "bounl in with iron bolts There
is Il space of six nnl half inches between
Them You only SEQ tho rim of the steel ring.
WHIT and Ill move it around"
He did So The face of the crown glass was
exposed TO view, and through it co1I,l he seen
the flint glass and the wall behind through
both. An American flag was hung up behind
the lenses and Il photograph taken, with "a
foot rule resting on top of the steel ring, SO
ns to give n better idea Of the size of the
glasses. | was then allowed to enter the
vnultnnd closely inspect the lenses In the
center, or nearly in the center of tho crown
glass, hardly quarter Of an inch apart,
there nrc three small black spccks about the
size of apn's head, looking like the bubbles
so common in glassware. They run in to
point, hut how deep they aro i'll tho lens it
was not possible to learn. 1t is possible that
these spccks were the cause of recent state
ncnt that the glass was imperfect.
Capt. Floyd appeared to pay no attention
to the mattcE when he was questioned aboutit
further than to state that the glasses had been
thoroughly tested by such experts as Pro-
fessors Newcoml, Of the Naval obscrvatory
Hastings, of Yale, and Burnham, of Chicago
and there could bc no doubt that they were
perfect. The spccks noticed could not in any
manner interfere with the usefulness Of tho
telcscopc.-San Francisco Examiner
The Dickinson press., 1887-04-09
How the czar is Guarded.

Great precautions are taken in ST. Peters
burg every time the car drives out Before
the carriage or the srllgc leaves the Anitcll
kolf palace til" police nro Informed by tclo
phone rs to the direction in which the czar
contcmplatcs driving. The ordinary police
force is Immediately doubled all along the
way, and the especial corps Of scouts are
stationed on each footwny.
These scouts are mostly privates or sub
officers, who have served their time. They
form a brigade of several hundred men, who
wear civilians dress and receive rather high
wages They follow the ear ns his shadow.
They went with him to Skicrnievice, Krem.
sicr, Finland and to the Crimea. AT
CATCHING and Pcterhof they form tho inner
circle of the guards surrounding the palace
One secs them there concealing themselves to
the best Of their ability behind trees, shrubs
and bushes.
The ear is quite against these strict pre-
cautions, but the police assert that it is i'm
possible 10 net otherwise. sc.-London News.
The Dickinson press., 1887-04-09

Take two glasses clarct glasses. for cx-
amplr), of exactly the same diameter at the
rinl and inimcrse them i'll n pail of water.
Before removing them from the liquid, place
them rim to rim, so that both shall remain full
of water, as shown in the figure. We shall
thus have two glasses full of water and con-
tnining 10 air. 1t will now bc easy, by act
ing with caution, to separate them slightly
so as to leave small space between their
edges. Now take third glass containing
wine, and pour tho latter, drop by drop, on
the foot of the upper glass and allow it to
spread over the lnttcr's surface. Upon reach
ing tho limo OF separation, the winc instead of
continuing its descent, will be seen to enter in
strcmnlets between tho two glasses and rise
slowly in tho upper one, owing to the differ
encc in density of the wine and water 1t is
possible i'll this way to color the water in tho
upper glass entirely red without tingcing that
in the lower one.
The wine keeps t" the upper glass through
the action of capllariy, and rises therein, as
before stated by reason of tho difference in
density of tho two liquids. We must add
that tho two glasses should he placed on n
tray, or something of tho kind, in order that
the excess Of win. nlay le caught, since con-
siderable trickles down tho lower glass, while
but fraction of it rises i'll the upper ono.
The Dickinson press., 1887-04-09
LADIES' GOSSIP.

Undresscd kid gloves havo tendency to
mako tho hands look larger
Emcralds and diamonds arc Il combination
for finger rings now especially in favor
The long wristed Mous'luctares are still
worn; they are not us much wrinllcd on tho
arm as formerly.
Yellow, brown, porcelain blue and old roso
ribbons will bc used upon chiIdrens frocks of
white French nainsook.
Among the novelties in artificial flowers
are thstes in every stage of growth, also
catkins and pussy willows.
Woolens are not so coarse and rough as
last year, but rather brilliant and light,
somewhat in the style Of an improved mohar.
Blouse waists Will he extensively used for
tn" summer dresses Of girls upward Of 4 years
old. Kilt plated skirts Will invariably nc
company them.
For weddings, guest cards in the form of
little white satin SLIPPERS and menus to
match, aroused. The cracker bail programme
with pencil pushed into it is uncommon.
Ladybirls in red enamel, wonderfully true
to nature, Is another popular fancy for studs,
pins or brooches; the former with single in
stcts, the latter with three attached to Il gold
bar.
AT recent wedding the bridesmaids wore
cream gowns, with dark Lrnwn hose, shoes
gloves, brown felt l!atS trimmed with velvet
and small whip at one side with ivory
handle.