davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
CONSUMPTION OF MEAT IN THE
WORLD.

According to computations re-
Gently made by an economist, NJ.
Lamas, there are on the surface of
the globe 1880, 900 head Of cattle
and 1O5, 100000 Of sheep. Europe
and Algeria provide 25,OOO,OOO of
cattle and SO, 900 900 Of sheep; Aus
tralia, New Zealand and the Cape,
100000 cattle and 10000, 900 sheep;
the United States and Canada $685.
600 cattle and 9,75O,OOO sheep; the
Argentine Republic and Uruguay
5000, 600 cattle and $4,000, 900 sheep;
Central America 4,25O,OOO cattle and
100000 sheep. Having allowed Il
percentage for the reproduction Of
the species, Lamas fixes the yearly
consumption Of beef at II, 4S3,OO0,-
600 lbs. (slightIy over SOO.O 600 tons).
and of mutton at 23,259, 900 600 lbs.
(slightly over 1000, 900 tons),
Comparing these figures with the
population in the five great groups
into which he has divided the cat
tie and sheep world, M. Lamas finds
that every inhabitant Of Plata has
$685. lbs. Of beef and 1881 los. Of
mutton at his disposal each year.
In the United States and Canada it
is 500 lbs. of beef and Al lbs of NUT
ton: in Central America, 81 lbs of
beef and slightly over J ID. of nut
ton.
In the Argentine Republic 1921
lbs OF meat r eaten per head annu-
ally, and 344 lbs per head exported.
In Australia a similar quantity is
consumed, and 1913 lbs exported per
head. In the United States nearly
154 lbs Of foreign meat is required
to meet the annual consumption Of
1l44 lbs per head. The average con
sumption in Europe is 39a lbs per
head, whilst 21.5 lbs is imported per
head.-IrOn.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
RYE AS A SOILING CROP

Conclusions drawn from experi.
ments at the Pennsylvania State
College of Agriculture, in relation to
the use of rye as Il forage crop for
soiling, show: |. That, 50 far as the
chemical analysis can determine. soil.
ing rye is much inferior to pasture
grass as an exclusive feed. 2. Fed
with some heterogeneous substance. as
malt-sprouts, oil cake, etc, it mavin
many instances be more profitable
on account of it's much greater weld,
3. Quite old soiling rye closely re,
sembles the mean Of first and second
crop hay in composition, but is iuic-
Ter, and has a yelled which is greater
by one-half: i. High manuring pro-
duces a crop Of better nutritive quail
ity and in very much greater guam
tity, and no distinction was shown
by the cattle fed against the ranker
growth.-Farm, Field and Stockman.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
IMPROVED FLOODED STOCK.

Henderson is becoming quite a
centre for improved blooded stock
as regards cattle. Several months
ago a nucleus was formed by Col.
Burgwyn by the purchase of a
thoroughbred registered Jersey
COW, since which time he has made
other purchases. The Henderson
Jersey Cattle Club, composed of
Messrs. J. R. Young, w. E. Gray, S.
Watkins and VIM. Buchan, own a
fine thoroughbred Jersey bull, "Tar
Heel" while the latest importation
is Mr.. R.. L. Daingerfeld's Holstein, a
beautiful animal and a valuable addi-
ton to our stock interests. Mr.. S.
Watkins has a very fine Jersey COW
"Eudina," 6 years old, for which he
paid $235.6O. She gives between4
and 5 gallons of milk a day and the
yield Of butter is about 10 pounds
per w~eek.-Henderson Gold Leaf.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
H ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS EBRUAR >, 1881

ms, cock II lbs, cockrel 9lbs ~
lbs, pullet u lbs. Patridoa ~" "e'S
ms, cock II lbs cockrel 9 lbs b Uoca,
lbs, pullet u lbs. White ConnhhaG }
cock II lbs, .cockrel 9 lbs, hen " ' ms
pullet y lbs. Black Cochins lTS
1O3 lbs cockrel g. lbs, hen 8! N H'
pullet 7 lbs. Plymouth Rocks c l"S,
81 lbs, cockrel Slbs., hen s lbs v ~
let 6! lbs. Wyandottes, cock 3! p %'
cockrel u lbs, hen 6! lbs. pullct g ~
lbs. Black Javas, cock 10 lbs cooH
rel 81 lbs, hen 8lbs., pullet 6! Its
Houdans, cock q lbs, cockrel | 81
lbs, hen 6! lbs, pullet 5! lbs. THaa
different Bantams run. cocks ooe e
ounces, cockrel "a ounces, hen 81
ounces pullet 22 ounces. L~angshan'
cock 10 lbs. cockrel 8! lbs, hen SIhs
pulIet 81 lbs. '''S
The Leghorn family does not Coma
under the weight clause, but the
males should weigh about fve
pounds and the females four, whom
matured. Some specimens run over
these weights, but it is best not f.
let them 60 much under.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
CARE OF SWINE.

If in the management of our pigs
we are induced to follow nature as
closely as is consistent with modern
stock raising, we can at least have
the satisfaction of knowing that we
have done u duty. If we give
them all the solid comforts of life.
and leave off the luxuries, give them
liberty and plenty of range, give
them all the green food that nature
provides for them, give them an
abundance of oats while growing.
and only sufficient cor for change
Of grain supply them with the fruit
Of the orchard and with all the
wholesome garden truck that can be
spared if we keep them we'll sailed,
well stopped and we'll watered if
they + fed regularly and evenly
if they are well sheltered from cold
rains and excessive heat if they are
not given too free a run to stubble
fields and green corn if they are
closely watched in order that their
appetites may be studied and catered
to; if, in fact, we abandon many of
the old ruts in feed and management
no doubt we shall receive better
compensation for our trouble. both
as to health of our pigs and quality
of their fesh.-IHe HOQ.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
RELIEF FOR CHOKING COW.

A choking low can often be re-
lieved by pouring cold water in its
ear. Take cold water in a pitcher
or teapot, turn the animals head to
one side and pour a good stream
directly into the ear. This will
eau Sc the cow to jump and shake
it's head ferceIy and the jerking
motion will often dislodge the OBJ
struction. The idea is to make the
animal make an effort to free itself.
The general practice of pushing the
obstruction down the throat or crush-
ing it gives the animal no chance to
help itself: A good syringe would
be the best thing to force water into
the ear with, but few families have
one ready for use, SO the common
teapot WI ACKNOWLEDGMENT Wife
IN Farmers ReUieW.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
THE PECAN NUT.

The pecan is one of the most re-
m~unerative crops a farmer can pro-
duce. Young man, plant a pecan
grove, and it will support you in
your old age and enable you to pass
the evening Of your life in luxury,
free from the toll and care necessary
to the ordinary calIings. E. T. Hol-
lister Rural World: 1t is a rather
rosy picture, and one, we should
think, which would have considera-
BILE fascination for a young man.
We hardly believe that it is over
drawn, for the possibilities of the
pecan r great.
Two years ago, before the then
Mississippi Valley, now American,
Horticultural Society, T. V. Munson
of Texas called attention to orchard
culture of the pecan as a source of
profit. He stated that thirty-three
pounds of cured nuts make a bushel.
can orchard tree Of fifteen years.
said he, SHOULD produce from three
to five bushels of nuts, making an
income of from SIS to $40, whole
sale. The possessor Of a large Or
chard in bearing would have an
investment equal if not superior to
that in government bonds, and far
more suitable as an heirloom to his
children DR.. Mahr also spoke be-
fore the society in '83, mentioning
the culture of the pecan as a source
of profit.
Prot: Munson thinks thatthe pecan
transplants with great difficulty and
should be transplanted at one year
old. We will only repeat that all nut
trees can be transplanted with per-
feet safety, provided they are nur-
sery-grown and treated with proper
care.-Orchard and Garden.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
STANDARD WEIGHT OF FOWLS

All pure bred fowls that have been
admitted to the American standard
of excellence IRE required to reach
certain weights, and when on exhi-
bltlon for every pound below these
weights, the specimen is cut two
points, says the american Farmer.
A pullet is a female not one year
old, a cockrel is a male not one year
old, a cock is n year old and over,
and a hen is n year old and over.
OF the most popular varieties the
weights r as follows: Light Brah-
nah cock, II lbs, cockrel 10 lbs,
hen 10 lbs, and pullet 8 lbs. Dark
Brahmas, cock II lbs, cockrel 9 lbs,
hen 8 lbs, pullet q lbs. Buff Coch-
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
WHAT MAN is COMPOSED OF.

From a chemists point of view,
man and woman, we suppose
consists of thirteen elements. Five
of the constituents are gases and
eight are solids. The largest
constituent is oxygen, Of which the
average 154-pound, or eleven-stone
man holds 1920 pounds. The latter,
the great supporter of combustion
in the human body, exists in a con
dition Of utmost compression. If
the n~inety-seven pounds Of oxygen
were set free from the body it would
fill a space Of 1000 cubic feet. Of
hydrogen, the eleven-stone man only
holds 1920 pounds; but if set free,
this quantity would expand to 215O
cubic feet. The amount Of nitro
gen present is $50 pounds OF
chlorine 1.75 pounds, Of t1uorlne
0 % pounds 3.5 ounces The above
five gases if set free, would together
fill a space of about 1000 cubic feet:
Need we be surprised if, with all
these gases bottled up within him,
even the average man has occasional
fits of explosion when things DO not
happen to go smoothly with him.
We might carry speculation further
and explain how the different SOLID
elements of the human frame if con.
c%entrated, would form various-sIzed
bodies. Suffice to say that the sold
constituents comprise carbon, Blu
pounds; phosphorus, 1.75 pounds;
sulphur O22 pounds, or 80 ounces
besides metals, all base metals OF
metalloids. There are no precious
metals in the human body, ana
even the baser kinds present are
not found in quantities sufficient 10
offer inducements to mining compa-
MES. The most abundant metal -
calcium, $50 pounds, the basis o.
lime; next follows potassium, N'lo
pounds or 2 8 ounces; then sodium
O.16 or "a ounces; then magnesium
OIL pounds or 10 ounces and lastly
iron, o. pounds, or, say, IL ounces
grand total, 154 pounds. This
however, is only one way the chem e,
list has Of looking at a man. Inc
various elements ire chemlcaliy
combined with each other. forming
compounds too numeroust to menIions
into the nature and composition u
which there is no need to enter.-
Age.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
FIELDS

. NEGLECTED
There are on every farm some
parts that have always received less
manure and less care every way
than has been given to the farm
generally. They frequently comprise
the fields remote from the barnyard,
and to which for this reason it is
difficult to draw manur The time
for this work is generally limited,
and the amount drawn in a day
when the distance is doubled is so
reduced that the work is stopped,
and blowing and seeding takes the
time of teams and men. The result
is that despite the most strenuous
efforts fields remote from the barn
yard never get as much manure as
those near by. In some cases the
neglected field is too wet for profit
able cropping. But whatever the
cause of neglect, it is time that it
should cease Even at a low valua-
ton for the land it locks up too
much capital for which its owner
gets no return. If he lacks money
to make this land productive, he
had better sell it and use it improv-
ing the land that remains. Some
one is always ready to buy the
poorest land and to pay more for
it than it is worth. In fact, selling
the poorest part of the farm is COM
monty the very best thing that can
be done with it. If its owner con-
c%entrates labor, time and manure on
his worst land he a only do it by
neglect of his best, from which alone
he is sure of a profit. There is a
reason for the neglect Of cultivation
of fields that have been ready for
the pillow a long time, and it is usu-
ally found in the fact that expert
ence has proved that it does not
paw.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
SOME PLAIN AND SENSIBLE
TALK.

Men who are asking for higher
salaries ought to converse a while
with some Of the farmers of this sec
ton. Reduce the taxes for every
thing except education. The YER
age farmer, whois the main stay OF
the country, has never before seen
the wolf so near his/door. But this
sad condition has been brought upon
the farmers because they have re-
fused to think, because they have
rejected the means Of success. Ev-
cry intelligent farmer Knows that
he ought to study his farm with as
much diligence and patience as the
studious lawyer does his brief,}or the
genuine chemist his formulas. The
most important pursuit in the land
is gone about with that judgment,
prudence and interest, that are al
most a disgrace to u civilization.
Farmers are behind every other
class of workers, they know it. The
other classes stand aIoof and pile the
burden of taxation upon them. The
best genius and talent of our u
try will not go to the field. All this
is radically wrong. In their hours
of adversely, the farmers are calling
a halt.
We have seer more farmers this
year with a disposition to learn
something. Many Of them are at
their rows end. They have planted
cotton and given mortgages until
they have almost reduced themselves
to the servitudc Of SO many galley
slaves. We do not believe we would
be in in saying that three
fourths of the real estate in Moore
county is under mortgage. SO great
is the idebtedness that one of our
merchants remarked that he hadn't
looked in the face of a MAJ for a
month who did not owe him some
thing. cor course he meant the per-
sons who dealt with him. There is
no healthy growth among a people
in such a condition. Call a halt all
along the lines, farmers; organize
clubs. invite new ideas, seek reforms,
create interest in your work. A
healthy and prosperous agriculture
must underlie the prosperity and de-
velopment OF any great country.
Half fed and half chothed men are
fit for neither heaven nor earth, and
every farmer in debt is haunted with
the ghost Of Shylock, who invites
him to dishonesty and disgrace.
We invite discussion from our farm
ers upon their individual work
Here is a question. and who will be
the first farmer to nswer it in a
short article. How can our farmers
diversity their crops 1--WE mean plant
less cotton and more Of the grains,
&C., and tighten the present finan-
cial embarrassment? Here is an
other, is there a farmers club in the
county, and if so, where, what is it
doing? Some more. How many
farmers will write to Col. L. L, Polk
of Winston, N. c., to help them or
ganize clubs at McGilvary's school
house, Carbonton, McRae's school
house, McLeod's school house, Cool
Spring ON. E.) church, Carthage,
Union Church, Cameron, J%onesboro
and Sanford. Other counties and
sections r moving; what say you?
Gentlemen, fall into ranks for the
rebellion against brute force and
bad Judgment. Two or three more
years like the two just past, without
a change in your tactics will dis
possess many Of you Of your homes
and Central Express.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09

farming, intelligibly, a turn his
hand to other business far better
than any business man "a learn
farming. Farming, rightly consid-
cred, is an %all-round business that
makes the most of a man, and if
the farm training school for boys
takes hold of it's work right it will
be the best institutian for the
coming America yet started.-Susan
POu,er.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09

While cold weather continues
all kinds of stock should have plen-
ty Of straw for bedding. NO AM
NAL lacks the sagacity needed ~
make a good bed for itself, If given
plenty of material. 1t must DC &c.
membered that whatever promote
comfort of the stock increases tho
profits of it's owner aside from tnI
satisfaction of dealing well WIN
dumb animals committed 10 n'
charge.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
LOCATING AN ORCHARD.

If an orchard is to BE- planted in
the Spring it is important to secure
a good location. The small trees
should not be placed where they
will become unsightly, as they grow
larger. Often a fine prospect is des-
troyed by putting an orchard in
front of the house. But in the rear
of farm buildings, especially on the
windward side, an orchard is inval-
liable as a windbrea<. The barns,
corn crib and pigstye should also be
placed in the real of dwellings, that
the n may be more convenient
to the orchard than to any other
part of the farm, and also hat the
orchard may be a pig run during
the season of fruiting.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
SECURING CLEAN SEED.

With a little care and inquiry
among farmers in Winter it is gen
orally easy t, get seed free from foul
stuff for Spring sowing. Every
farmer owe, it to himself to SOW
only pure S ed, for only by so doing
can he have Hiy hope of harvesting
a good or p. There is also some
advantage il getting seed away from
the farm where it is to be sown,
rather than that grown on the farm
itself: A change of soil, especially
from a lighter to a heavier one, gen
orally improves tt quality of the
product.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09

anxious to make a large days work
by putting in as many gratis asPos-
sible.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
NJ WITH YOUNG.

Farm stock, mares, COWS or ewes,
bearing young will need extra care
and feed from now until their
young are dropped. 1t is not best
that breeding stock shall be fattened;
but their appetite will improve,
showing the demand which nature
makes for maturing the tetus. The
food, however, should include plenty
of flesh and DO reforming material,
and less of that whose on use is to
fatten.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
farm 9otes.
A OF HORSES E E

In Winter and Spring horses that
work outdoors should have their
legs thoroughly cleaned every night.
If they do not receive this care they
will probably suffer from sore heels,
a disease showing that closing the
pores of the skin has poisoned the
blood, and which like poisoning
the blood in human beings, is much
more easily prevented than cured.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09

is impaired by sweet-scented vernal
grass, some seed of which should be
sown with all seedlings intended for
cows, either as pasture or for hay.
REGRAFTING ORCHARDS.
Much lack of progress in farming
is the result Of what natural philoso-
piers would call the power of us
inertia, or in other words the ten
dency of matter to remain in one
place. Farmers deal more with
this inert matter than any other
class. Knowing what needs to be
done is one thing, but doing it, which
F.. requires hard work, is quite another.
In nothing is this neglect of what
should be done more striking than
the almost universal tendency to let
poor Or unproductive trees remain
year after year without taking the
slight trouble required to regraft
them with better sorts. 1t is no
serious evil if a tree has been grown
to bearing age with some worthless
variety. Regarding will in three
to five years make a new top often
more productive than the tree would
have been had the better variety
been put in originally. 1t costs
considerable to have such work done
by professional grafters at from II
to 2! cents per graft. At such rates
anactive mar with an assistant to saw
off the limbs will make five or six
or even more dollars per day. But
the operation of grating is SO sim
pie that any tree owner can easily
learn it, and by knowing the habit
of growth of the sort to be put in
he Il, easily make the t~opgrafted
into amy shape that he desires.
When he stops to consider this point
the OWNER of an orchard will soon
earn , top graft his trees more to
MS own satisfaction than will be
zone by the average CRATER, chiefly
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-02-09
WINTER MADE BUTTER.

1t is possible to make a good
Winter butter as can be made at any
season if food and other conditions
are all right. If it lacks in color the
defect may be remedied by feeding
roots with Indian corn meal. The
flavor of butter in Winter is affected
by the poor quality of hay often fed
to cows. The best is reserved for
horses, while the COW is given what
has been stained or otherwise in
.jured by exposure. Cornstalks make
generally better butterthan timothy
or clover hay. The finest flavor
is impaired by sweet-scented vernal
grass, some seed of which should be
sown with all seedlings intended for
cows, either as pasture or for hay.
The Ketchum keystone. [volume] (Ketchum, Idaho) 1885-1899, 1887-11-26
JIM HILLS ROAD"

The most extraordinary railroad
enterprise of the year is the extern
sion OF the Manitoba, or Jim Hills
road" to Western Montana. For
1900 miles from st. Paul to Helena
this line now parallels the Northern
Pacific, and it ispromised that a fur
Their extension will be pushed on to
Portland next year. During the
past summer engineering parties in
the interest of this line have been
operating in the mountainous dis
trict of Northern Idaho, examining
the various passes and locating
possible routes.
The enterprise of the Manitoba
management is not more remarka-
bic than its method. No other rail-
road administration i'm the world is
like it. The Manitoba road has no
SYSTEM" but is operated like
private business. Jim" Hill is the
controlling man and chief owner.
There is no management" remote
from the seat of operations; no die
tation from Wall street. The result
has been a surprise to the railroad
world. No other road is run so
efficiently at so little cost. No
other road ever pushed construc-
ton so rapidly with an equal force
and no length of road over similar
country was ever built for SO little
money.
The Manitoba is essentially an
Opposition" road. Hills business
genius is for competition. 1t has
been said of him that he would
rather run a line in competition
than to have an absolute monopoly
His extraordinary business method
enables him always to meet rivalry
with the advantage on his side. At
Helena the new road has forced a
reduction of sixty-fve cents per
hundred on first class freight. The
average reduction from St,.Paul
westward TO Helena il about thirty
three per cent, or one-thiId.