Morning journal and courier., 1887-12-30

In 1887 there were, according to the best ! information obtainable, 853 strikes, details of which are not available. The report shows | that during the six years covered by the in vestigation New York had the largest num-
 Der of establishments affected by strikes and ! lockouts, there being for the former z, PAT and for the latter 1,523. The building trades furnished e060 of the total number of establishments engaged in strikes. The total number of employees involved in the whole number of strikes for the entire period is shown to have been ], ,358, ,624. The num- Der of employees originating the strikes was 1 ,020, ,832. The number of employees in all establishments before the strikes occurred was 1 ,662, ,045, while the whole number em- ployed in the establishments involved after the strikes occurred was ,636, PAY, & loss of 25, ,798. There were 103, ,038 new en- ployes engaged after the strikes and 37, ,483 were brought from other places than those in which the strikes occurred. In 2, 1S2 estab- lishments lockouts were ordered during the period named. In these there were 173 995 employees before the lockouts occurred and 169, ,436 after, while the number actually
 locked out was 159, ,548. There were 13, ,976 new employees secured at the close of the lockouts and 5,6S2 were brought from other
 places than those in which the lockouts oc-
 cured. It should be remem bered, however,
 says the report, tEat these figures do not
 represent the actual number of individual
 establishments or different employees en-
 gagged, as in many cases there have been two
 or more strikes or lockouts affecting the same
 establishment in the same year. In such
 cases the establishment and the number of
 employees engaged are duplicated. Of the
 whole number of employees involved in strikes
 during the six years covered by the report
 S9. 56 per cent. were males and II. A per cent
 were females. Of those involved in lockouts
 during the same period 68 78 per cent. were
 males and 31 g per cent. females. An ex-
 animation of the tables appended to the re-
 port shows that New York, Pennsylvania
 Massachusetts, Ohio and Illinois represent
 "A "A per cent. of the whole number of es-
 establishments affected and 90 80 per cent
 of the lockouts. These five States, it is
 stated, contain 49 per cent. of all the manu-
 featuring establishments and employ 5S per
 cent. of the capital invested in mechanical
 industries of the United States. Or the 22,-
 336 establishments in which strikes occurred
 in 8,342 or S2-12 per cent. of the whole
 strikes were ordered by labor organizations
 while of the 2,182 establishments in which
 leckouts occurred 1,753 or 80. 36 per cent
 were ordered by combinations of mana gers. Of the whole number of estab-
 lishments temporarily closed for busi-
 ness 1S,443 or 60.19 per cent. were
 
 outs 62 60 per cent. The average duration of
 stoppage on account of strikes was 23. days
 and for lockouts 2S days.
 The results of the strikes 50 far as gaining
 the objects sought are concerned are shown
 to be as follows: Success followed 10,A07
 cases, or 46. 59 per cent. of the whole, and
 failure followed in 8,910 cases, or 39 S9 per
 cent. of the whole. By lockouts 564 estab-
 lishments or 25.85 per cent. of the whole
 succeeded in gaining their point. 190 or 8.71
 per cent partly succeeded, and 1905 or 59 80
 per cent failed. As to causes or objects of
 strikes it is shown that increase of wages was
 the principal one, A per cent The other
 leading causes are given as follows: For re-
 duction of hours 19 45 per cent; against re-
 duction of wages 7.75 per cent; for increase of
 wages and reduction of hours 757 per cent,
 against increase of hours .62 per cent; total
 for the five leading causes 77.93 per cent. All other causes 22 IF per cent. Disclaiming
 absolute accuracy, the report gives the losses
 of employees and employers resulting from
 strikes and lockouts as follows: Losses to
 strikers during the six years covered by the
 investigations $51, ,816, 165; loss to employees through lockouts, same period, $8, 132, ,715, or total wage loss to employees of $59, ,948, ,8S2. This loss occurred for both strikes and lock- outs in 24 518 establishments, or an average
 loss of $2,445 to. each establishment, or of nearly $40 to each.striker involved. The as- sistance given to strikers for the same period as far as ascertainable amounted to $5, ,325, ,057, to those suffering from loekouts $1,105, ,538, or total of $4, ,430, ,595. These amounts, the commissioner
 says; are undoubtedly too low. The employ ers' losses through strikes for the six years
 amounted to $30, ,732, ,653, through lockouts $3, 432, ,261, or total loss to the establish ments involved of $34, 164, ,914. The ap- pended tables also show that the chief bur. den of strikes was borne by thirteen indus tries, viz:
 Boots and shoes, 352 establishments.
 Brickmaking, 467 establishments.
 Building trades, 6,O6O establishments
 Clothing, 1, ,728 establishments.
 Cooperages ASA establishments.
 Food preparations; n ,419 establishments. Lumber. 395 establishments.
 Metals and metallic goods, 1,595 establishments. Tobacco. 1859 establishments.
 Transportation, 1,478 establishments.
 These represent S9.3 35 per cent. of the | whole number subjected to strikes In lock 1 outs five trades bore eighty per cent. of the | whole number as follows: Boots and shoes 1 155 establishments; building trades 531 clothing ITS; metals and metallic goods 76, and tobacco 226, or 8 total of 1,76I. Be- | sides completing the field work for this re- port and the compilation of the informa. \ tion the bureau has carried on almost to completion the investigation begun last year concerning the moral, physical and economi. | cal conditions of the working women of great cities and has continued it's investigation into | the cost of the distrsbution of the great sta pie products. It has also undertaken, ac- 1 cording to congressional instruction, the col
 lection of statistics of marriage and divorce
 in the United States, report of which may bt submitted before the close of the present ses. sion of Congress.
 | Severe Weather i'm Europe. !
 prevailing here, No train has left Pesth fol