davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03
ARour PREHISTORIC FRUIT.
The Lake Dwcllcrs Made Great Use o
Annlns-IIanrs l:r. ,,.,S ly..I..4.

The Lake Dwcllcrs Made Great Cse Of
Appics-I'ears, Grapes, WaInuts.
The prehistoric area of the apple was chiefly
in the region lying between Trehizond and
Ghian. The lake dwellers of I.ombarly,
Savoy and Switzerland made great use of
apples. "They always cut them lcnsthways
and preserved them dried as provision for
the WINTER" writes Decantlollc in his inter-
esting work on the "Origin of Cultivated
Plants" Two varieties Of applcsseen TO have
been known to the lake dwellers before they
possessed metals Whether they ever solved
the problem that hopelessly puzzled George
Ill and got them into n dumping, archie
olosy does not rs yet inform us.
The abundance of tho fruit found in pre-
historic stores would seem to Indicate some
kind Of cultivation. The pear is of less fro
quent occurrence, although it is found in the
prehistoric dwellings of Switzerland and
Italy, usually in Il dried state and cut length
ways Then, us now, therefore, the pear was
n greater luxury than the apple. The ubund-
ance and variety of names testify to the very
ancient existence of tho latter from the Cas-
plan sen to the Atlantic Philology comes
largely to our aid in this interesting study.
The more ancient and widely spread plant,
the moro numerous its names.
But prehistoric diners out possessed one Of
the best of all fruits-thc grape Seeds of
the grape have been discovered in the lako
dwellings near Parma, dating from the ago
of bronze; also in the prehistoric settlements
of LIKE Varesc and of Switzerland. NJ. De
candolle, moreover, informs us that vino
leaves have been found in the tufa near Mont
pelier, where they were probably deposited
before the historical epoch, also in the same
formation in Provence Whether they COM
bined the two we know not, but it is quite
probable that wine and walnuts delcctatcd
the palatcs of primitive feasters. The walnut
is Of great antiquity Walnut leaves have
been found in the quaternary tufa of Pro-
vcnce and species of walnut in some of tho
Swiss lake dwellings, The species possess u
Sanskrit name, Il fact tcstifying to its early
cultivation in India. The tree was intro
duccd into China about l4o B. c. Only one
cherry stone has been as yet found in any
prehistoric settlement of Italy or Switzcr-
land, nor is the antiquity of the stratum quite
Journal.
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03

In an address at the commencement cxer-
cises OF Middlebury college, Mr. George f.
Plumbc, Chicago editor, tried to explain
why it was that 50 few men with academic
culture are found among the members of the
daily newspaper press. He gave some inter
estlng statistics on this subject, which may he
thus summarized: In the five great cities of
New York, PhiladelphiS, Chicago, Boston
and st. Lonis there are nineteen daily jour
mails of admitted influence Only six Of these
nre edited by men who have had what is
called n "liberal' education, while Of the s2l
persons regularly employed upon these
journals as editors and reporters, but 2.222, or
fraction over 26 per cent, have graduated
from higher institution Of learning
Mr.. Plumbc offers several explanations of
this but omits the most significant one which
we take to be the fact that what may be
called journalistic aptitude is not a product
of academic culture at all 1t is true that
the same thing might be said of the special
talent or talents which count for success in
the profession of law or medicine, but the ill-
dividuality of the journalist goes for more
than does that of the doctor or the lawyer
he must be born with certain SENSE of dis.
elimination and Of proportion, must have a
KIND OF intuitive perception not only of what
Will interest his fellow men, but of what is
the general bent of mind OF large masses of
readers.-The Epoch
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03

''h'' a. ~ 'ii if-Hh'-'' tenden, Bucll's corps
commander, was born in 1870 He was Cnitcd
States consul to liverpool in President Taylor's
time. He entered the Union army in 1861, and in
the fall of that year became brigadcr general Of
volunteers. He served at many of the hardest
fought battles of the war such as Shiloh, Stone
River and Chiciamauga. In 1861 he was sent
east, and commanded corps there. He was
major general Of volunteers, and. by brevct. Of
the regular army also. In the Buell. campaign
against Bragg lie commanded the right wing Of
the Army of the Ohio.
McCook and Crittenden at once to advance
and form in line of battle on the wings. Gill
bert's corps was the center. During the night
also Buell. had sharp little fight for a creek
whence to get water for his army He OBJ
was done on tho Federal side by Col. Daniel
McCook.
The battle of Perryville was begun on the
morning of Oct s by an attempt to drive
McCook away from the precious water pools.
1t was repulsed, and in this preliminary fight
young Union division commander named
Philip Sheridan distinguished himself hand.
somely.
There was no more fighting till tho arrival
Of McCook between 10 and IL o'clock. He
Immediately found his divisions, Jackson's
and Rousseaus, in line on Gilbcrt's left.
The battle of Perryvile began in a fight
for water. McCook's position was near Doc
tors Fork OF Chaplin creek. Rousseau's di-
vision advanced towards this creek to get
water, when they were fired OH by tho Con-
fsderate artillery. McCook's line formed on
Chaplins Hills.
OF McCook's forces, Rousseau held the
right, and Gen. Terrell's brigade of Jackson's
division the extreme left. Starkweathers
brigade was behind Terrells as reserve.
About 2 o'clock the Confederate Gen. Har.
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03

had taken possession of Murfreesboro with
valuable stores July IS, after a sharp fight.
On the approach of Nelson Forrest left tho
town. Nelson pursued but could not over
take him, not having cavalry. Forrest sweps
around Nashville like tornado, and then
Went to McMinnville, Tenn, whence he made
raids
Buell. had been busy putting railroads in
ORDER the Nashville and Chattanooga and
the Memphis and Charleston, whereby to
transport his troops The latter part of July
the last of his army crossed the Tennessee
river and moved eastward. This was Gen
Thomas division. 1t was on this march
that the lamentcd Col. Robt. l. McCook was
killed i'll northern Alabama He was ill
and u.armed, travelling i'll an ambulance,
when he was shot dead by guerrillas. He is
buried at the beautiful Spring Grove cenle-
terry, Cincinnati.
Nelson was ordered to McNIinnvillc, still
after that industrious raider Forrest. Early
in August, 1862, this was the disposition Of
the Federal army: Nelson was at McAIinn-
vile, Tenn; Crittendcn and McCook were at
Battle Greek; Rousseau was OH the Decatur
and Columbia railroad, and Thomas was on
the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad.
They were thus scattered over a wide dis
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03
hat piled between Cincinnati on the Ohio side

that piled between Cincinnati on the Ohio side,
and Covington and Newport Oil the Kentucky
side, were stopped All this half an hour
after Wallace reached Cincinnati, Sept. /.
The scene that followed is beyond descrip-
ton. Mothers of young infants had left
them OH one side of the river, and visited the
other for business or for pleasure. This iron
military order cut them off from return, and
for one night at least both mothers and
babies were alike frantic. Mechanics and
other workinsmen, by tho thousand, had left
their families that morning, expecting to re-
turn as usual, only to find themselves stopped
as by an adamantine wall at o'clock. As
all sorts of rumors of capture and impressing
men into the soldiers ranks were prevalent,
none knew for the time what had become Of
those nearest them. Imagination supplied
the lack of knowledge and drew pictures OF
the fate of loved ones that did not err on the
side Of the commonplace and tho safe. Gin
cinnatians talk to this day Of Lew Wallaces
military rule i'll Cincinnati
He saved it from invasion. In few hours
time he had an army Of 10000 men ready
BY his proclamation he sont prominent
wealthy citizens to the other side of the river
to work on the Notifications. It was curl
GUS spectacle. white hsp,ded men with rings
and gold watches digging in the dirt like rail-
road laborers, and throwing up earthworks
"Citizens for labor, soldiers for battle"
We're Lew Wallace's words
Recruits besides poured i'll from Ohio, In
diana and elsewhere, till there were defend
cls enough thero to make the invasion of
Cincinnati serious business for anybody
who should attempt it.
y pontoon bridge was laid across the river,
and over it thousands of new soldiers marched
day and night to man the new Notifications
ut CovinSton. After some days Heth dropped
back and reioined Kirby Smith.
about
Don Carlos Buell. was an Ohio man. born ut
Marietta in 1878 Went through West Point and
served i'll the Mexican war Was made major
general of volunteers in 1859. Took effective
part in the battle of Shoh and after that was
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03

Shortly after he retreated from Corinth i'll
May, Cen Beauregard, who was in poor
health, gave up the command Of the Confed-
crate department of the Mississippi. His au-
thority was turned over to Maj Gen. Brax-
ton Bragg, who took command of the army
June rs, 1862. 1t was then ut Tupelo, Miss,
town on the Mobile and Ohio railroad, fifty
miles southwest of Corinth.
On taking command of the Confederate
force, Bragg at once started it towards Chat
tanooga, Tenn. Once there, he had an ultc-
rior dream, which he thought might be real
ized He would strike thence into Kentucky,
strike boldly and quickly. His southern
army, powerful and enthusiastic, could
drive out nil the Union troops that We're then
in the state. After that, what. What but
the establishing of secessionist government,
and the gaining of Kentucky for the Confcd-
eracy.
Such was the dream of Maj Cen Braxton
Bragg, G. S. A., in June, 1862.
Before the grand expedition started thero
had been various Confederate incursons and
raids. Knoxville and East Tennessee were in
possession of the Confcdcrates
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03

them at Camp Joe Holt, on the Ohio side of the
river, on account Of Kentucky's neutrality.
He waS brigader general of volunteers
in 1851 He fought at Shiloh, and galantly
against Bragg at Pcrryvlc, Ky, and there.
upon was made major general Of volun-
famous raid into Alabama. The next step in his
varied career was on election to congress. i'm
mediately on the close of the war. Then once
more into the army i'll which lie was appointed
regular brigadier general and sent on duty to
Alaska. He was recalled and sent to command
at New Orleans, where lie died in 1869. Gen
Rousseau was n man Of magnificent physical aI,-
pearance, the typical "big Kcntuckan'
Buell. hastencd on to Louisville. He won
the race, if Bragg had really meant to 20
there. But Bragg himself says i'll his report
that at this time he found himselfin i'll "hostie
country" with only three days food for his
men. He therefore determined to defect his
course to tho right instead of proceeding still
further into a hostile country, to fix his head
quarters ut Bardstown and draw supplies
from Lexington.
Buell. and Bragg each claimed to be at
tempting to draw tho other into battle.
AT oil events, however, this purposelcss
trampng through Kentucky had done little
good for the army of Gen. Buell. Reaching
Louisville, it encampel on the river shore, he
low the city.
"And when we got there there were only
six boys of my regiment who stacked arms
on the sand," says private who tells the
story of Bucll's chase through Kentucky
Tho other men of the regiment had drop
ped out by the way, either fallen through
fatigue or been lost by ystraggling. The other
regiments were in not much better condition
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03

IIf.tT. col. TOPPING. your wilol" duty.
"Th"n sail the gallant soldier, Il '!i.. content
Tell i!.I' We and chillrn that my last thoughts
were uf tA"n
Near th" oll camps Of the Union troops.
two miles north from the scene Of the first en-
gagcment, Manson made another stand Her.
was some hard fighting. but again the Con
feterates We're victorious. At this time Gen.
Nelson arrived, took command AID arranged
for final stand on a slight elevation hear the
cemetery i'll front of Richmond. Here the
Federal raw recruits, decimated to about ,, 500
men, made their third and last rally against
an enemy vastly superior in numbers and dis
cipline. The Confederate line was twice rc-
pulsed immediately to the right ri Ill" ce!nc-
terry, but the Union line was finally broken
and faniica and the day was Lopel,.iy lost
Gen. Nelson was twice wounded in tiis action.
Gen. Manson was captured.
In the ebattle of Richmond there wore l20Op
Confederate troops and thirty-six piece; Of
artillery The Union forces consisted uf
about 7,o1O men. The Confederate, ! st over
900 in killed and wounded. The Union ,ron Us
lost S25 Besides that, 1000 If them were
made prisoners,
After the fight at Richmond Kirby Smith
marched his men to Lexington, the chief town
in the Blue Grass region. Thence he sent out
Gen. Heth with G,0O0 men TO camp within a
few miles of Covington, opposite Cincinnati.
Another detachment was ordered in the di-
rection Of Louisville. Smith himself re-
manned at Lexington, waiting the word to
join Bragg, and recruiting his army among
the Blue Grass sympnthizers with the Con-
federate cause.
Meantime CONSERVATION reigned at Cincin-
natl, and in the populous and well to do
smaller towns along the Ohio below. At
Cincinnati martial law was proclaimed, and
the indefatigable Gen. Lew Wallace began
fortifying with all speed in the region about
Covington, Ky. The remains of these de-
fenses are still seen. Wallace ordered all
business houses closed, and the ferry boats
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03
MoReAN,s RAID. 1862.

July 4, Col. John H. Morgan, with $40
Bipartisan rangers started from Knoxville,
Tenn, on q raid into kentucky. His object
was to get men and horses for the Confederate
army. His approach struck terror to til"
hearts of the country people within lGo mic,
of him When runner said he was near the
honest farmer led his valuable horses and
cattle into the thick woods. into deep ravi.es,
and tied them there till this terror s!.oul,l H..
passed 1t is narrated that so";"i!les. j...
when this had been done, Morgan and lis
men would suddenly appear as if liley had
come out of the ground, and say to til.
affrighted owner: Here ;hey are. You've
put them just where wc w;n:n them. all
ready for u.s.
Morgan crossed the Cumberland mountains
and galloped northwar'l il!o tl:e art OF
Kentucky. AT Lebanon, on tn Louisville
and Nashville railroad, July l.. J." !, ,,tv,,ye,l
$4,000 worth Of United States cs,vernnlcnt
property. There was dash ans! romance
about him and his band that caused hum
dreds of young Kentuckians to join tl"m
Still northwar,l pressed Morgan. July Il,
Is and 16 he destroyed railroads. tcl,sl,,pl.,
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03
Infatuated with waener,s Music.

Judith Gautier became so infatuated with
Wagner's music that sho went to Bayrcuth to
live. There she used to dress in the garb OF
Lohengrin and other Wagnerian operatic
heroes, and strovo in every way actually to
transform herself into one She not only
wore the heroic costume and listened by the
hour to the music connected with tho heroic
part, but assumed the manner and speech of
the character into which slic wished to be
transformed More than that She tried the
arts of witclcraft, and went through the most
outlandish rites On one occasion, when she
had been trying for two weeks to turn her.
self into Tristan, sho had dream which she
thought assured her success. In accordance
with what she saw In the drea III, she went out
to lonely spot at midnight, mixed strange
kettle Of broth over fire and walked about
it for an hour chanting some of the lines of
Tristan in the opera. Then the kettle upset
and scalded her foot, whereupon she uttered
u most unheroic scream, limped away and
abandoned the whole business i'll deep dis
gust.-Paris Cor. Chicago Tribune.
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03
BRAGG AND BUELL..
The Invasion of Kentucky
Twenty-Five Years Ago.
RACING FOR LOUISVILLE.
The Battles at Richmond and
Perryville, Ky.

A Race for Chattanoosa.Raids of the
Confederate Gcns. Morgan and Kirby
Smith in Observation-Disclosures Mt
Cincinnati-Its Defense by Gen. Lew.
wallace-Dcatll of Gen. William Nell
son-Brave Defense of Col. Wilder at
Munfor,isviIle-Race and Chase.
"The attempt to destroy the Union of these
states We believe to be Il crime, not only
against Kentucky hut against all mankind"
So declared the loyal legislature of KEN
lucky in the autumn of 1861. At the same
time bill was passed calling out 10000
Union volunteers.
In the southern part of the state, however,
there was strong secession sentiment, and
early in September, 1861, Bishop Leonidas
Polk had occupied Columbus, Ky, with a
considerable Confederate force.
Finally it was resolved by the Confederates
to make Il bold dash for the fertile and
famous Blue Grass region of Kentucky. Its
beeves aul fast horses, its wheat, corn and
sugar cured hams We're suggestion of land
flowing with milk and honey to the appetite
OF the southern army boys. Confederate
soliiers were never over fed Perhaps that
was one reason why they We're such good
FIGHTERS
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03

~ know n good joke on an editor from Hell
cna, NJ. IT," said n conductor on the ST. Paul,
"and guess I'll have to tell it. He's colonel.
but | sllan't give You his last name. Last
week he came into st. Paul on business, and
after registering Mt tho best hotel in town
started out to see the sights 1t was about 2
o'clock in the morning when he returned, a
littl" the worse for wear. 1t happened that
the night porter who showed him to his room
was only half awake, and, without knowing
what he was doing, ushered the colonel into
the bathroom attached to the apartment as-
Signed for his use, muttered 'G'nght, SIR
and disappeared. Next morning at the break.
fast table the Montana journalist met an &C.
quaintance and said to him:
"'Fine hotel, this
ayes, one of the best in the country
"'l)o you like their new tangled bets."
"'fllcir beds are all right, though didn't
know that there was anything new about
them.'
"'Well they've got the darndcst bed in my
room you ever sot eyes OH. It's more like q
collin, an there wasn't a blamed bit of cover
on it. | wns cold all night It's true that
it's mighty fine to have water so handy that
when II fcilcr gets thirsty in the night he
don't have to get out Of bed for a drink, but
the worst of it was in my case that it was
just my burned luck to leave the thing rum
MIN little the last time took drink out of
it, an when | woke up agin | was nigh
drowned in cold water Never spent such
miserable night in my life.'" - Chicago
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03
BATTLE oE PERRYvILLE.

This had been Bucll's disposition of his
forces after he marched out of Louisville,
Oct. I, with 100000 men: Cen Sill, with
two divisions, the Federal left, marched
against Kirby Smith at Frankfort The rest
of the army moved hy different routes against
Bragg himself at Bardstown.
There was perpetual series of cavalry and
artillery siirmishes with the Comfc,lcratcs
after leaving Louisville, which kept ,urls
army back and gave Bragg time to withdraw
from Bardstown. Buell. reached that place
eight hours after his enemy had left it. Re-
ports reached Buell. from time to time indi-
eating the direction Bragg had taken. He
changed his line of march accordingly, now
here, now there, till at length it seemed clear
that Bragg was either at Pcrryvillc or Har-
rodsburg.
Oct. z, Buell. came within thrcc miles Of
Perryvillc. There he found the Confclerates
in force. Gilbert's corps was with the Fed
eral commander at this time. Mccooks
corps was at this time on the Hurrodsburg
road, and Crttendens corps was on tho
Lebanon road
(rittendcu il n fnmous nnnr In K.ntucl.y IN,
The Dickinson press. (Dickinson, Stark County, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1883-1927, 1887-09-03


Bragg, in arranging the plan OF campaign,
ordered Kirby Smith to move through east
ern Kentucky to Lexington, and then push
on straight to the Ohio river and talc posses
sion OF Cincinnati Bragg himself was to
lead an army through central Kentucky and
come ont on the Ohio river at Louisville
While in 1ll" interior the two generals We're to
make n Junction at Frankfort, the capital of
the state, if practicable, aud proclaim Com
federatc government.
Gen. William Nelson had been ordered bv
Buell. to take charge of tho Union tlcfenses
of Kentucky. At this time the federal gen
eral, George w. Morgan, was at Cumber-
land Gap watching lest the Confe,lcrates
should try to get through into Kentucky
there. He sent out dctachmcnts of cavalry
to watch tn" ncighboring gaps Kirby
Smith sent Gen. Stevenson with his brigade
to engage Morgans small force while he HIM
self led his n:;in army with all speed OH into
kcn,ucky Gen. Morgan was thus cut OFF
from re-tnforccm:cn.s AMI supplies After
some days on half r1tuns he was forced to
abandon Cumberland Gap altogether, retreat-
ing with his command to the Ohio river.
During this li.c Kirby Smiths main army
WAS nra!in:5 The fat central Kentucky region.
The las; Of August they suddenly appeared
before Richmond.
Kirby Smiths mon had little to eat but
green corn on their raid in,o Kentucky. 1t
Is noticeable throughout the war that tile
southern soldiers never carried quantities of
food along. and were never numbered with
baggage. IL can whip any army that is fol-
lowc, by flock of CATTLE" was IL saying of
S;oncwall Jarlisons