davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30

BY PAUL BROWN.

1t would be a matter fraught with
much interest to those who are in the
church, and to those who have never
identified themselves with the church,
either by open confession or by indi-
rect agreement, if the number of church
members Of all denominations who reg
ularly or occasionally attend the theater
could be given in black and white. |
apprehend that there would be an open
ing of eyes all around, and in no place
more than among those who do not at
tend the theater. | am satisfied that
the proportion of those who are church
members and who attend what are class
ed as reputable performances, is quite
large, both in the great cities and in the
smaller towns. In all human probabil
ity it will be many decades, perhaps
centuries, and, indeed, perhaps the
time is never to come, when all church
members shall grow TO recognize what
of good there may be in the theater, and
consent to acknowledge and cOunte-
nance, if not openly endorse ii. The
question Of proper and improper amUse-
ments is as broad as the continent, and
there are about as many who think
they can satisfactorily answer it, as
there are people who have considered
it. And, naturally enough, the theater
comes in as an important and not to be
overlooked factor in the question. Be
fore paying some little attention to a
play and a player, let me put myself on
record as being emphatically in favor of
the right kind of plays presented in the
right kind of way. There is no more
harm inherent in some splendid plays
seen upon the stage than there is in the
same plays read in calf, cloth, or NOR
rocco at your fireside Of a winters
night. In both cases participation in
the intensely interesting lives of the
great dramatists may lead to damaging
excess.
The other evening was one of many
hundred people who listened to a play
given in its leading role by one of the
most famous-and if those who profess
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30
is NOT THE WORLD IMPROVING2
BY REV. B. F. SNOOK.
(Clarlnda, Iowa.

Is the world growing worse instead
of better ? In every age and time there
has been a narrow minded class of per-
sons, melancholy, faithless and despair
ing, who overlook the good of the pres
ent, who see but little besides evil in
the present, who are ever fretting,
croaking and complaining of the present
world. 1t is all out of joint, gone to the
bad, not good enough for them. Their
affl lctions and calamities are of the
worst; and if they have boil Or car
buncle, nobody else ever had it so bad.
They long for the good old times of
former days, for the Paradise of the
past that is lost,
Let US go back one hundred years
ago and search for signs of this lost
Paradise, Prof. Thompson, in course
of lectures in Harvard College, says: I'm
1898 the Schuylkill and Susquehanna
Canal company advertised for hands,
offering s. per month for winter, and
So for summer, board and lodging. At
this time soldiers received So per month.
During the Congress of 1894 a member
from Vermont moved to increase the
soldiers pay to S4 per month, alleging
that men in his State-common labor
ers-were hired for S48 per year and the
soldiers ought to be as well paid. In
1897 Rhode Island farmer hired a good
hand for SO per month. During the
eight busy months s. per month were
paid, and they worked from day-break
till eight or nine o'clock. 1t required
the wages of three months to buy
coarse cotton shirt" We must go to a
more remote age to find this lost Para
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30

| This IS the Oldest building on the Island,
erected by Queen Margaret about 1912.
1t is of small extent (4O by 2O), and of
rude Norman architecture. The walls
are entire. All the building seems to
need is roof, floor, and a door. A
little north of this is the cathedral,
and in front of it is
St. Martins Cross.
1t is solid column of hard rock, four
teen feet high, eighteen inches broad,
and six inches thick, fixed in massive
block of red granite, about three feet
above ground. On the cross are relig-
ious devices and Runic knotting.
The Cathedral
was built at different periods, for it ex-
hibits mixture of the Romanesque
and second pointed styles. The foun-
dation may be of very early period;
the greater part belongs to time rang
ing from the twelfth to the sixteenth
centuries. 1t is built in the form of a
cross, the length from east to west. Its
dimensions are 100 by % feet, Its
square tower is seventy feet high, divid-
ed into three stories, and supported by
four arches, resting upon thick set
pillars with sculptured capitals. The
building contains nave, transept and
choir. The sculptured capitals are very
interesting. The figures are so well
brought out that it requires no expert
to read them. Among them is scene
representing the temptation in the
Garden of Eden. The window at the
east is the handsomest of all, represent
ing the Gothic style. On the south of
the choir is an aisle. On the north of
the chancel, and opening into the tran
sept, was the chapter house, over
which was the library. To the north
of the cathedral's main entrance is
the cloister, with only one arch remain
ing; while still further to the left are
the ruins of the refectory. The mon
astery was destroyed by bombardment
in accordance with the act passed by
the Convention Of Estates, in 1861.
The cathedral still contains the tombs
of Abbot McKinnon, Abbot Kenneth,
and Macleod of Macleod. l should
have stated that the cathedral walls are
in perfect state of preservation, made,
for the most part, out of red granite.
Relics.
None of the remains are allowed to
be disturbed, although formerly many
went to the mainland to mark the resting
places of the modern dead. Crosses of
Iona marble, in miniature, representing
those of MacLean and st. Martin, are
exposed for sale. Plain ones are made
on the island, but the more elaborate
are cut in London. 1 thought would
purchase the whole lot,-about two
dozen. 1 pulled out my pocket book,
asked the price, and bought-two! The
price was exorbitant. The visitor is
besieged with children trying to sell
shells, pebbles, etc, at from two to six
cents piece,-any of which he could
pick up himself in abundance.
J.P. MACLEAN.
Isle OF Null, ,Ttlu 5, 1887,
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30

Many have offended God by strange
apparel. Quakers are false worshipers.
Anabaptists are no better" In these
good old times of true piety it was de-
creed in Boston that Baptists should be
tied to a post and whipped, and Quak-
ers should have their ears cut off, their
tongues bored through with red hot
iron, and if they resisted those means
Of grace they should be hung. Remem-
ber that these laws were not enacted in
heather land by the unconverted sin
ners, but in New England, by the best
and soundest Of evangelical Christians
whose orthodoxy never was called into
question. Say not the former times
were better than the present. Shall we
go still farther backP Cruelty and
brutality increase and intensity as we
penetrate the dark ages. When we
turn to Bible times we find no improve
ment. How besotted the condition of
society in which Lot is called right
eous man! Even in the church at Cor
inth an immortality was overlooked
that was not so much as named among
the heathen. Sin and corruption are
great to-day. But opposing forces are
also great and rapidly increasing. The
true religion of Christ, love, Justice,
honesty, mercy, is wider, deeper and
mightier a thousand fold in the world
to-day than ever before. Below the
surface, deep down in the soul, the
Christian revelation is being written
that God is not the cruel, revengeful
Moloch feared by the superstitions OF
the past, but a being of boundless
love and goodness, the Father of the spIr-
it's of all flesh, and all the world are
akin and bound by the tie and obliga-
tians of common brotherhood. This
spirit is filling the earth with asylums
for the afflicted, schools and churches
for the elevation and enlightening and
conversion of the world. Say not the
former times are better than these.
AS we'll affirm that Abraham's crook
ed pole was as good as the modern steel
plow, or that the Indian bark canoe is
superior to the steamship, or that the
stage coach surpasses the lightning ex-
press flying along the track at the rate
of sixty miles an hour. The religion
of the past, the Christianity of the past,
is not to be compared to the present.
The average unconverted man Of the
present is better man than the aver
age Christian of the past. There are
times of periodical increase Of crimes,
as of disease and ill-health. Crime has
attacked and destroyed great nations,
but the world as whole, and humanity
at large, are heading toward the light
and stand fairer, higher, in all good
qualities and are nearer to God than
ever before. To think otherwise is to
distrust the God of infinite wisdom,
power and goodness, who is the God of
nations and of the whole earth. Bad as
is the world, corrupt as are the morals
of the age, it is nevertheless the fact
that truth and righteousness, honesty
and integrity is the rule and that dis
honesty is the exception. We are liv-
ing in the best age the world ever saw
and have the best of everything. AS
taught by science, the best of every
thing-the fttest-survives
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30
Special Contributors.
For The UNIvERsALIsT
HOME MISSIONARY HYMNS.
BY MRS. JULIA A. CARNEY.

l.
Preach thou the gospel lowly,
Our Saviour said of old;
And each disciple holy
To earth the story told.
In naught their zeal abating
We to this mis- ion come,
The harvest field is waiting,
The harvest fields of home!
The sun of Faith is beaming
Ger mountain, lake and plain;
Where'er it shines, are cleaning
The sheaves of golden grain.
To hope the dawn is Frightening
In love this work we do,
The harvest field is whitening
The labOrers are few.
Lord, wilt Thou make them many,
And wilt Thou make them strong2
To work and watch, lest any
Sow tares of sin and wrong.
That where they go with weeping
In joy they soon may come,
The precious harvest reaping
The harvest field of homel
Our fathers crossed the ocean wave
When toilsome was the way,
Unbridged by steam, uncheered by sail,
A lonely waste it lay.
They had their chart and compass true,
And midst December snow,
They landed on Old Plymouth Rock
Long centuries ago.
They waited not for sheltering roof,
To consecrate this free
Broad land, which was their chosen home,
To Thee-Oh God-to theeI
Thy love had spanned the Atlantic tide
Before them, as bow,
And borne them safe, thro storm and ealHas.
In ages long ago.
Years passed. Their sons Ger seas of blood
Fair Freedoms flag unfurled,
To give their land place amid
The nations of the world,
Yet ever close beside the home,
Arose the temples dome;
To consecrate that land to Thee,
For ages yet to come.
We come to Thee, Oh God, to ask
That Thou wit guide our way
To bear the Banner of the Cross,
AS in the olden day.
Across the mountains of the West,
Their SUBMITS bleak with snow
We pass, as they. the Atlantic wave,
In ages long ago.
Obi Let Thy word unto our work,
Sure chart and compass be;
And grant that we may consecrate
This whole broad land to Theel
Be Thou our guide thro toll and tears;
And let this chosen home
OF all earth's nations, echo praise
Through centuries to come.
Thy love which spans the hill and plain
As then the Atlantic wave;
Shall span at last the surging sea
Which rolls beyond the grave.
Be Thou our guide, thro' storm and calm,
And tho we toll in tears,
Wen land at last upon the Rock
OF the eternal yearsl
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30
st. Paul, Minn.

A CORRESPONDENT of the Chicago id
Cocdte, Inquiries about the relations of
Oraugeism to the church and state in
England. OrRngeism proper is an anti
popish organization of Irish origin, and
which, because of popular disatfection
with an English government who discrim-
mated against Catholics and was natural
ly resisted by them, came to stand also
for loyalty to the throne. The first lodge
is said to have been organized in 1895
1t has now an existence in nearly every
Euglish-spesking country and colony
subject to the British crown. Accord
ing to Chambers Encyclopedia, the cor
ditions OF membership are that the appli-
cant shall be eighteen years of age and
Protestant. An Orangeman may have
any views on political matters he pleases
provided he is always and unalterably op-
posed to Catholicism.
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30

DEAN STANLRY thus explained why the
term "blue" was originally applied to
Presbyterians. The distinct dress Of the
Scotch Presby terian clergy was blue
gown and a broad blue bonnet. The
Episcopal clergy, on the contrary, either
wore no distinctive dress in public servi-
ces, or else wore a black gown. From
this arose the contrasting epithe is "Black
Prelscy" and blue Presbyterian"
The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1887-07-30
PROGRESS IN CHURCH AND STATE.

Isle of Null, july 5, 1887.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13

Estuvo de paso aqui ell mierco.
les y jueves, pues va para la Pc
nfnsu'a en- el vapor directo Anto.
MO Lopez, el representanse de
Espal1a en- Venezuela D. Wences-
lao Ramirez de Villa Urrutia,
nieto del Intendente Ramirez, Sc
gdn Ell Clamor del Pats, que de
iii, 8 al cahal,ero aludido caluroso
salndo en- su ndmeto del jueves.
A! Sr. Villa Urrutia, seq in
oimos a varios pasajeros, compa
flsros de viaje del mismo, obse.
quiaroule en- la Habana los auto
nomistas con un banquete en- ell
LoWUre, al cual asistieron, de frac,
los Sree. Saladrigas, Conte, Fam
brana, Terry y otros de la comu-
MON.
Esto no ncs 10 dijo Ey ClGmor
al ocuparse del Sr. Ramirez.
Los autonomistas!
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13
CRISIS PARCIAL.

Un despacho Official recibido
anteayer por nuestra Superior
Autoridad da cuenta de habe1
surgido y haberse resuelto en- ell
Gabinete una crisis parc;a', con
la dimisi5n del senior Mlnistro
de la Guerra, General Castillo, y
sustituci6n del mismo por ell Ge-
neral Cassola.
Sentimos, desde luego, respe.
tando los movies que hayan IN
ducido al General Castillo 4 pre-
sentar su renuncia, la ausencia
del Ministerio de la Guerra de
tan laborioso como ilustrado per
sonaje, esperanto, no obstante,
del digno successor del senior Gas.
tillo, General Cassola, y de sus
honrosas tradiciones, que mas
de una vez hemos de tributar sin,
ceros aplausos al correcto des
de la elevada gestion y
representation que lie ha enco-
mendado la regia prerrogativa.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13

ban una idea de Ia predilecci6n con
que mi antecesor miraba ell impoitante
ramo de Ia instruction pdblica, y por
dltimo, la ammonia que Sc notabs entire
todos los vecinos de Ia localidad, mie l.
tras fne Alcalde Ell Sr. Cssas, y la
equidad con que aplicabs las disposi-
clones oficiales, son meritos todos que,
aunque sea molestsndo Ia modestia de
dicho sefior, no puedo menos de dejsr
consignsdos q fin de que me sirvan de
norma en ell desempefio de este dificil
cargo, pero para clio necesito que vos-
otros me estimuleis, tributando hey
% sincere y elocuente voto de gracias
al Sr. Casas por su excelente admins
TRACTION dursnte los dos amos que des-
empefl6 esta Acadia; y 6 fin de que
no sc olga que esta espont&pes mani
festscion pueda ser hija de Ia amistad
que me une d este sefior, presento en-
este momento d los sefiores concejales
un estado demostrativo acerca de la
gesti6n economical de este municipio
en ell tempo en- que ell Sr. Casas fue
Alcalde, y dicho documento no solo
robustece, sin6 que ccrrobora cuanto
llevo manifestado acercs de 10 legal de
la mencionads administration; supli-
cando por dltimo esta ilnstre Corpc-
raci6n, que ell estado presentado Sc in
serte en- ell acta de hoy, y que de ella
Sc lie expida copia al Sr. Casas para So
satisfaction y como bruebs del honroso
concepto que q todos nos merece. En-.
terados los concejales, por unarimidad,
acordaron hacer suya la moci6n de Ia
presidencia, y que Sc tribute al Sr. Ca
sas ell voto de gracias propuesto; libran'
dosele copia de este acuerdo y de los
estados referidos que copiados & Ia letra
dicen asf:
(Aqui siguen los estsdos de rsfe.
rencia y"
Con 10 que termin6 ell aeto, que fir
maron los seflores concurrentes, de q ue
certifco:
Es copia conforme con ell original de
50 contenido, q que me remito; y para
enviar al ex-Alcalde D. Emilio Casas
libro Ia presente en- Luquillo d primert
de Mario de mil ochocientos ochenta )
siete.-V.' B. Preciado. JOSE G 90
ca.-Hsy IN sello que dice: Acadia d.
Luquillo
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13
EN- FAVOR De Los NINOS.

La Socieiad PrOtectora de 10!
ninos tiene un particular placer Ell
hacer pdblico que las casas de CO
mercio La Palmesana," "Nuevs
Victoria" y Ohavarri y Mendizabal
han hecao un donativo de2 pares
de botitos una, tres la otra, y media
pieza de calico la 81: al Asilo, hoy
establecido y que necesita del apo
20 de toda alma cristiaDa. E
Presidente de la Comisi6n Provin-
cial, interpretando los sentimientos
de todos los que la componen, les
ha expresado en- atenta carta su
reconocimientO.
Asi mismo da q la publicidad ell
hecho de que, correspondence q
sus patri6ticos Y humanitarios f.
nes, catorce Ayuntamientos hasta
ahora han contestado satisfacto-
riamente a la circular que la jupta
tuvo a bien dirigirles, suplicando-
les su protection con la suma de 2
pesos mensuales a favor del mis-
mo Asilo. La junta acord6 ex-
presar a cada una de estas Cor
poracioues su agradecimientO.
Tambiensha querido demostrar
su gratitud 4 la prensa, diStinguien-
do a los senores Directories del Bo-
LETIN MERCANTIL, " La Integri-
dad" y" "El Olamor del Pais," que
con frases corteses y llenas de amor
a la infancia desvalida, han brin-
dado las columnas de los peri6dicOS
baio su direction al servicio de la
Sociedad, sin retribuci6n alguna.
La presidential, que no desconoce a
donde alcanzan los deseos de aque-
Has publicaciones, no ha escasea-
do medios para hacerles conocer
su beneplacito, obsequiando asi los
deseos de la junta.
A todos, segun acuerdo unanime
de la Comision Provincial de la
Sociedad Protectora de los Ninos
en- esta provincial, en- session cele-
brada ell Z de los cOrrientes, Sc les
ha inscrito en- ell cuadro de honor
como socios bienhechores del
mencionado Asilo.
ID. jose r. Claudio ha remitido
al Asilo 40 gorritos de panO para
uSo de los niiios. La presidential, q
nombre de la iunta, lie di6 las mas
expresivas gracias por su generoso
desprendimiento, hacienda p1blico
este proceder que honra, como los
demas, los sentimientos del conner
clio de esta ciudad.
Las farmacias de los sehores GA
llardo, DaubOn, Soler Y Ledesma,
con desprendimiento diguo de elo-
gio, Sc mostraron solicitas la su-
plica que Sc les hiciera para pro-
porcionar las medicinas gratis en-
mensual al Estableci-
miento. La junta les di6 las gra-
cias.
Todo este Sc nos comunica, y nos
completeness en- hacerlo p1blico.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13
FL SUCESO DEL DIA 2.

Algunos de nuestros cole.
gas, de Ia mejor buena fe, han da-
do q este preparedness, que real
mente no tiene, en- nuestro humil-
de sentir. No hay noticia Official
alguna del suceso, nj en- los tele-
gramas de Cuba Sc halla mas que
10 siguiente, relative al mismo:
"Madrid, 2.-Un individuo arroj6 una
arma sobre el carruaje que conducia d
s. NJ. la Reina Regente con su angus
to hijo, sin que les ocasionase ningtn
dai1o.
Ell agresor desapareci6.
Este atentado, que Sc juzga hijo de
Ia demencia, ha causado profunda in.
dignaciSn en- esta Corte."
Repetimos que no hay noticia
oficial alguna de un suceso que
creemos premature califcar de
verdadero atentado, interim no Sc
confrme por otro conducto. con
mas detalles, toda vez que de
casos analogos, pero de verdadera
trascendencia, ell Gobierno ha
dado siempre cuenta, arrancando,
como es natural, las mas sentidas
protestas de esta fiel provincial y
de sus leales hijos.
De todos modos, nosotros exc.
cramos enGrgicamente, como he
mos execrado y execraremos STEM
pre-, cuanto sea dirigido, de una
manera & de otra, en- dano de
nuestros Soberanos, de las invio-
lables y egregiss personals de
nuestros Monarcas.
Y, al sentir asf, no hacemos otra
cosa que ser consequences con
nuestros afectos y convicciones
CON nuestros deberes patri6ticos
y con nuestra historic politica.
Entire tanto, aguardemos deta
lies concratos y veridicos de Ia
ocurrencia, para venir en- conoci.
miento acabado de su origen J
circunstancias.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13
EMBARQUE DE S. e.

Un despacho telegrafico recibi-
do aver por Ia respectable Casa
Consignataria de los vapores-co-
rreos trasatlanticos, y ell cual nos
fue galantemente exhibido por
los senores Arsuaga, anuncia que
anteayer, 10, SO embarco en- Ca
diz, en- el Lsla de Cebu, con di-
recci6n a esta leila, el nuevo Co.
bernador Captain General de la
misma, Excmo. Sr. D. Romualdo
Palacio y Gonzalez.
Llegara, pues, tan ilustre via
jero, q estas playas, el % 8 ell "a
del que cursa.
Ante tan grata noticia, que nos
apresuramos q comunicar d nues
tros lectores, cesaran las incerti
dumbres a que daba pabu.o la fe'
cha en- que debia embarcarse S,
f., hasta estos momentos nj Sc
gura nj de6nitiva.
Que arribe con felicidad q este
suelo ell nuevo Representante dc
la Patria, de S. M. y del Gobier.
no Supreme.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13
Ell Sargento Escudero.

Ha regresado de la Peninsula,
con el grado de Sargento 10, 9! %
do la Guardia Civil don jose Es-
cudero y Rey, bravo, pundono-
roso y modesto militar de cuyos
meritorios sorvicios a la Ley Y a la
seguridad de las personals Y propie-
dades, tantos Y tan buenos recuer-
dos Sc conservan en- Mayagiiez, y
los cuales diferentes veces hemos
elogiado en- estas cOlumnas con en-
tusiasmO.
Nos ha hecho ell encargo de sa-
chos amigos de Mayagiiez.
Reciba nuestra afcctuosa bien-
venida el bizarre y digno Sargento
Escudero.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13

En- ell crucero nacional Don
Jorge Juan, que estuvo aquf hace
unos dias y que navega en- comi-
sion del servicio, va ell ilustrado
Captain de navfo de la Armada, y
Sacretario del Apostadero de la
Habana, Sr. D. Jose NJ. Autran.
En- las columnas de este peri6
dico, hace algunos amos, apareci6
un notable articulo del Sr. Autran,
tan elegantemente escrito como
patri6tico y referente d la guerra
separatista de Cuba y q la ingra-
titud de los enemigos de Espalla.
Ell Sr. Autran, 81 NAL no recor.
damos, es hijo de Cuba, y su his
toria esta honrosamente ligada al
proceso de los piratas del Vsr
ginias.
FeIicidades mil deseamos al Sr
Autran.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1887-03-13
ReViSta de Ia Peninsula.
Madrid, Febrero 26 de 1887.

En- los siete dias transcurridos
desde la fecha de mi Ultima re.
vista, hemos tenido con que en-
tretenernos, y voy a comunicar,
como aiempre, q los iectores mis-
impresiones, esperanto de su dis
erection que no Sc rian de la pue-
rilidad de nuestra politica, pues
con NADIA Sc distrae; la politica
me recuerda q Alcibiades, que CO.
nocio bien q sus hombres, porque
para entretenerlos cort6 la cola
q su perro. Lo que no Sc es
quien ha hecho esta vez de Alci
blades, 81 ell gobierno 8 ell pueblo;
pero ell case es que hemos tenido
una semana de expansiones vien
do formar, 8 intentandolo, una
montana de un grano de arena.
Y va de cuento.
Ell teatro, en- los venturosos
tiempos que alcanzamos, no es va
escuela de costumbres, nj siquie
ra entretenimiento inocente; la
escena Sc ha convertible en- gale
ria de caricaturas personalisimas
mas 8 menos crueles, mas 8 me.
nos decentes, para exhibir en- una
desnudez repugnante personas Y
sucesos; desde Los 6ondos de II
Aa trita hasta La gran ola, han
salido a las tablas, como quien
dice, han sacado d Ia vergaenza,
q los polfticos de talla, y como eli
pdblico 10 saborea, las empresas
y los autores, recordando 6. pre-.