The Portland daily press., 1887-04-27

celebrated Mlcnele 10undry In tnat city. The
statue is IA feet in hight, and represents Cal
houn about to address ''the listening Senate"
IL rests upon huge base of granite. 45 feet
high When in life the Senator rose from
his seat, his cloak fell from his shoulders,
and the sculptor has reproduced it lying on
with one hand raised and the index finger
emphasizing a gesture as he is about to
speak.
The act of the unveiling this afternoon
was performed by young lady descendants
OF the statesman. Many distinguished visit
try, and nearly all the chief men of South
Carolina. An address on "the life, charac-
ter and public services Of Calhoun, was de-
livered by Secretary Lamar, and an ode from
the pen Of the Southern .postess, Mrs. Mar
garet j. Preston, was read.
In regard to the doctrine of notification Of
which Mr.. Calhoun was the father, Mr.. La
mar spoke as follows;
In defence of the action of his State, and
in opposition ts the doctrines of General
Jackson's proclamation and the legislation
in support Of it, Mr.. Calhoun put forth,
those profound expositions of political prin-
ciples, which, as Mr.. Webster afterward
said, will descend to posterity under the
sanction of great name"
The leading idea of those expOsitiOns Is
that the American Union is a democratic,
federal republic-a political system com
pounded Of the separate governments of the
several States, and Of one common govern
ment Of all the States, called the Govern
ment of the United States. Each was Great
ed by written constitution, those Of the par
ticular States by the people of each acting
separately, and that of the United States by
the people Of each in its sovereign capacity,
but acting jointly. The entire powers Of
government are divided between the two
those lodged in the General government be-
ing delegated by specific and enumerated
grants in the Constitution; and all others
not delegated being reserved TO the States
respectively, or to the people. The powers
Of each are sovereign, and neither derives
Its powers from the other. In their respect
i've spheres neither is subordinate to the 9TH
er, but coordinate, and, being coordinate
each has the right OF protecting its own
powers from the encroachments Of the other,
the two combined forming one entire and
perfect government. The line of demarca-
tlon between the delegated powers to the
Federal government, and the powers reserved
TO the States Is plain, inasmuch as all the
powers delegated to the government are ex-
pressly laid down, and those not delegated
are reserved to the States unless specially
prohibited.
The greater part OF the powers delegated
TO the General Government relate directly OF
indirectly to two great divisions of authori.
ty; the one pertaining, to the foreign rela-
tiOns OF the country, the other of an internal
character. and pertaining to the exterior re.
lations OF the States, the purposes for which
the Constitution was formed being power
security and respectability without, anc
peace, tranquility and harmony within.
After a full exposition Of these PROPOSE.
tions, Mr.. Calhoun employs the following
strong and vigorous language
Taking all the parts together. the people Of
twenty-four independent and sovereign States
coniederated by solemn constitutional compact
into one great federal community with system
| OF government, in all of which powers are separ
ated lnto the great primary divisions OF the con
sbose Of the ater aa cass '1e be,n p9wers
the common and joint government of all the
States and the separate and local governments o
each state, respectively; and finally the power:
of both, distributed among these separate and in
dependent departments, legislative, executive
and judicial presents In the whole a polit
as it Is for its novelty and refinement
OF organization. For the structure of such
are far more Indebted to a superintending Provi.
dence that disposed events as to lead as II BY
invisible hand, to its formation than to those who
erected it. Intelligent, experienced and patriotic
as they were, they were but builders under His
experimenting direction. To preserve this sa
cred distribution as originally settled by coercing
and difficult problem on the solution Of which the
duration of our Constitution, of our Union, and,
In all probability, our liberty depends"
He next addressed himself to the great
question, what provision does the Corsti-
tuition Of the United States or the system it
self furnish to preserve this and the other
division of powers?" He then proceeds to
show that from the relations which subsist
between coordinate governments and from
law universally applicable to a division of
power, whether between governments or de-
partments OF governments, a mutual mega
tive on the part of each is necessary to pro-
tect each from the other; and that in case
Of conflict as to the limits of their respective
authority, neither has the right to impose by
force its decision against the other, but must
appeal to power paramount to either whose
decision is final and binding on both. That
paramount power in our system Is the con-
vention OF States, the most august and inn
| posing embodiment of political authority
known to the American system Of govern
ment. And this Is the doctrine Of nullifica-
| tion.
As result of the events, which in an ear
lier part of these remarks l have discussed,
the right of notification, even in the minds
of those who once asserted that right, no
| longer has a place in the apparatus OF onr
political system. No one now has the slight
est dream Of any resort to state interposition
as remedy for political grievances. Nor
would it be fair to state the arguments ad-
duced :by him in support of notification
without presenting those advanced in 0ppo-
sition TO the doctrine.
Whatever may be the objections to this
doctrine, it must be admitted that it had not
in it one element Of disunion. 1t might have
proved cumbr0us and obstructive in the OPP
erations Of the government it might have
impaired its promptness and vigor and ener-
gy of action, and probably would but had it
been recognized and acted upon by the Fed
eral Government 1t would have ever pre-.
vented resort to secession ON the one hand,
| or resort to force on the other. But the
right was not recognized; it was denied and
inflexibly opposed by the general govern.
ment, which assumed to impose its own con-
struction Of the Constitution, against that OF
the States, by force.