davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
Iusr BEFORE LIE TRAGEDY.

The evolution Of the tragedy was curiously
regular.
First, rs has been shown, these men taught
radical Socialism. Next, they organized dis
contented wogkingmen TO act more efficiently
in strikes The usual trouble arose: ''scabs"
took the place of striking worknen, they
were attacked by the strikers, the police were
called on for protection and the inevitable
question was presentei-shall we fight9 The
Anarchists, IA speech and in The Arbeiter
Zeitung, vehemently urged destructive
measures. They exhorted the strikers to
fight both the ''scabsn and the police, gave
minute Instructions how to use nitro-glycerine
and manufacture bombs, and had earned
sections OF their supporters who drilled
nightly and wero instructed in the use of
bombs
At length 1t was boldly announced that the
Anarchists had 600 armed and well drilled
revolutionists in Chicago, and it was proved
that they really had 5000 at this time, as was
sworn 10 during the trial. The Arbeiter lei
Jung ard The Alarm published many such
sentiments as these;
Daggers and revovers are easily to be gotten;
hand gronades ere cheaply to be produced
WIN the workingmen supply themselves with
weapons dynamite and prussic acids
The worl,ingncn ought TO take aim at every
member OF the militia.
And while the writers acted with what
they probably considered caution, the speak
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

Tho Chicago groups were known as the
North Siac tho Northwest Side, the Amcri-
can, the Kari Marx, the I'reiheit, the South
west side and jefferson No. J. Schwab,
Necbo ard Lngg belonged to tho North Side
group" Engel end Fischer to the Northwest
Side, and Spies, Persons and Fieldcn to the
American. There was also an armed social
istie organization called the Lehr und Wehr-
Vcrcin, whose members seem to have also
been members Of the international 'croups,"
but TO have been of a higher rank
The branch of the International Working
mems association which existed in Chicago
during 1855 and mp 20 May 4, 1886, was a com
pact, well disciplined organization. At the
head of it was a general or central commit
tee. Next TO it came the Lehr und Wehr-
Ncrein. Then came the ARMED sections" of
the various groups" and then came the un-
armed members of the groups"
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

The agitation growing out of the attempt
. To enforce the eight hour law led directly to
the tragedy, As early as May, 1884, the or
gained worlingmen Of Chicago gave notice
that on the lst Of May, 1886, they would in
sist upon the general observance of the law.
1t is not necessary to detail the numerous
strikes and occasional riots of the following
two years in various sections Of the country;
suffice il, that each one was eagerly seized
I 1lDn By. the Anarchists rs fresh proof that
caIneai was crushing labor. FFzEf
4 = On April 25, i1sS5, the new board of trade
building was formally opened; there was a
somewhat riotous popular demonstration
against it, and FieldeE and Parsons addressed
the assemblage In language more inflamma-
tory than ever before. In July, 1885, there
was general strike Of street car employees
One riot was excited which was only
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

reached when 739 ,992 Europeans landed in
the United States. immigration from Eng
land had declined and that from ireland
fallen 10 q minimum; but from southern
Germany there was an immense increase,
while eastern Europe sent Poles, Bohemians,
Bussiani Huugariaus and their congeners by
tens Of thou ands. Ia many Of these people
hntred Of government had become heredi-
tary sentiment. Chicago became headquar-
tors for the dscoutented, and The Arbeiter
Zeitnng workers Journal their organ. Then
sprung up IN that city the International
Worziugmen's association. The platform or
declaration Of principles Of this organization,
as was testified 20 al the trial, urged that
"thc present stem under which property is
owned D. udivduaiz should be destroyed,
and that an capital Which has been produced
by labor should bc transformed into com
mon property" The association was divi-
dcd into groups" of which there were
eighty iu Che United States in March, 1885,
located principally IA the cities Of industry.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
The New Corn EnsiIage.

The latest plan with ensilage is to cut
the entire corn crop-stalks, ears and all
Into the silo. The kernels of the corn
viii be wholly digested by the cattle, as it
does not dry ont nor lose its milky charac-
ter, which gives it succulence for rapid di-
gestion. A farmer who has made this
point one of special investigation so re-
ports, and afIirms that there is not WISH
bic trace of corn in the Weddings.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
INSTRUMENTATION

On the day after the tragedy the police de-
scended on every known Anarchist resort in
Chicago and arrested every suspected man;
before morning many had been dragged from
their beds. Every one in The Arbeiter
zeitung office was arrested: August Spies,
editor in chief; Christ Spies, his brother;
Michael Schwab, associate editor; Mrs. Eliz-
abeth May Holmes, editorial contributor;
eighteen printers, two reporters and two
messengers. Rudolph Schnauhelt, who, it
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16


retired at $50 D. H., and at 10 g. m. next
day. Aug. %, returned verdict Of guilty
against all the defendants, with a sentence Of
fifteen years in the penitentiary for Oscar
Neebe, and death for the other seven
The trial began and ended with sensations.
On the first day A R. Parsons, who had
escaped and been in hiding, walked into the
courtroom, announced his voluntary sur.
render and took his place in the dock with
his friends At the close, when asked by the
court If they had aught to say why sentence
of death should not be pronounced, they all
made long addresses those of Parsons and
Fielden being the best. That Of Spies con-
sisted of pleading and defiance, reasoning on
liberty and quotations from Scripture. In
the course Of his remarks he spoke of Christ
as Socialist. Schwab and Neebs gave ar
guInents against the regularity Of the trial
Fielder excited some establishment by say
ing: THE great Socialist, Jesus Christ, said
300 years ago: Better that ninety-nine
guilty men should go UNPUBLISHED than that
one innocent man should suffer- Judge
Gary then sentenced the seven men to be
hanged.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
APPEALs 10 hlehER couRIs.

APPEALS TO HIGHER COURTS.
The usual application for a new trial was
filed and the entire method of the trial re-
argued for several days The application be-
ing refused, an appeal was taken to the
supreme court Of Illinois, and once more the
whole case was thoroughly argued. 1t is
needless to detail the legal steps; suffice it
that so much time was consumed that the
case did not reach the supreme court till
March II, 1887. Then Messrs Grinnen,
Walker, Ingham and Attorney General
Hunt, for the state, and Messrs. Black, Salo-
mon, Zeisler and Leonard SWEET, for the de-
Tense, discussed the issues as to whether the
court below had erred, whether the Anar
chists had been legally condemned to death
for mere conspiracy, whether the jury was
properly constituted and many Others.
The weight of argument before the
supreme court turned upon the proper con,
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

I'VE have interpreted to the people their con
ditions and relations in society. We have ex.
planned TO them the different social phenomena Of
the SOCIAL laws and circumstances under which
they occur We have, by way Of scientific inves.
tigation, incontroyertibiy proved and brought to
their knowledge that the system of wages is the
root OF the social nIqultles-iuiq1lties 81 mon
strous that they cry TO heaven. We have further
said that t-e wage system, as specific form Of
social development, would by tic necessity Of
logic have 60 make room for l.it-r ots,ss 81 civ
iliZation; that it was prcp0riur llt Va Tor "a so.
cial system of cO-opcratiou-t.z;.t u.s. .ai.z.r -
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

was afterward
claimed, threw the
bomb, was among
those arrested, but
the evid e n c Q
against him was
not deemed sufh-
Gent to hold him
and he was re-
leased. He irnme-
diately left Ameri-
ca and IS now sup
posed to be in Ger
m any. A dol e b
Fischer was one of
the printers, and on
his person when err
rested were found
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16


put II yuu KIT Ine representative or the
constitution, Ike the great majority Of one
holders, 8 mere tool OF the Honopolists or
upon the thirst for blood DISPLAYED by the ex.
tortioners, because 8 mere mitigation of the yer.
dict would be cowardice and proof that tho
ruling classes which you represent are them.
selves abashed ct the monslrosity of nv con
deTnnation- and consequently, Of their own vio-
iation Of the most sacred rights OF the people
Your decision in that event VIII not onlF nudge
me, but also yourself and those whom you repre-
SID orer to be sure that r;s le [srs i,,
come 10 your Official notice. viii send you the
original manuscript as registered letter
GEORGE ESGEL's LETTER.
Dear SRI George EngeI, citizen of the United
States and of Chicago, and condemned TO death
learn that thousands Of citizens petition yen.
the highest executive officer Of the state of Hi
nois, to commute my sentence OF death TO i'm
prisonment. protest empha1ically against this
on the following grounds:
1 am not aware Of having violated any laws OF
this country. In my firm belief in the consfitu.
ton which the founders Of this republic be
Queafhed 70 this people, and which remains uE-
altered, have exercised the right of free speech
free press, free thought and free assemhlage as
guaranteed by the constitution, and have eriri-
cised the existing condition of society and sue
cored my fellow citizens with my advice which
regard as the right Of every honest citizen. The
experience which have had n this country, dur
ing the fifteen years that have lived here. con
corning the ballot and the administration Of our
public functionaries who have become totally cor
rupt have eradczted my belief in the existence of
equal rights of poor and rich and the action of the
public officers, police and militia have produced
the firm belief IN me that these conditions cannot
last long. In accordance with this experience
have taught and advised. This / have done in
good faith of the rights which are guaranteed by
the constitution, and, not being conscious Of my
guilt. the powers that be- may murder me, but
they cannot legally punish me. protest against
Communication CT my sentence, and demand
either liberty or death renouuce any kind of
mercy. Respectfully, GEORGE ENGEI-
SPIES DEFENSE.
The defense of August Spies may be found
in many sentences of his letters to Miss Van
Zandt and others, and in his biography and
his notable address to the court before SEN
tence was pronounced. In the latter he said,
among other things;
Your honor, speak as the representative Of
one class TO the representative of another. Will
| begin with the words uttered by the Venetian
doge Falieri to the council OF ten My defense is
| your accusation; the causes Of my alleged crime
| your history" A little later he says: The CON
| templated murder Of eight men, whose only
crime is that they have dared 60 speak the truth
may open the eyes of the suffering millions. may
1 wake them UP, Indeed, have noticed that ouI
conviction has worked miracles in this direction
already
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
TILE ANARCHISTS.
History ofthe Hayinarket Trag-
edy in Chicago.
CAUSES OF THE TROUBLE.
Deeds Of the Fateful Day---May
4, 1885.
ARREST, TRIAL AND CONVICTION.
Judgment Of the Illinois Courts Affirmed
by the Nations Supreme Tribunal.

Portraits aud sketches of the Police, the
Judge, the jury, the Convicted and
Other Interested Persons-Pictures Of
the scene Of the Tragedy, Court scenes,
Etc.-Closing Events Of the Drama
Letters of the Condemned, In Which
They state Their Case.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

in many cities by reason of her speeches in
his behalf Mrs. Schnaubelt, mother of the
alleged bomb thrower, and Mrs. Schwab, her
daughter, were recently brought into special
prominence by reason of the elder lady's visit
to America and the rrimor that she had
brought with her full statement of the
facts in the case from her son. Spies, Fielden
and Schwab finally signed petitions for
communication An these things can only
be alluded to here. Among other cuts we
give a portrait of Sheriff Matson, of Cook
county, Ills, who, by virtue of his Office, has
charge of all executions in Chicago.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
PROSECUTING ArToRNEYs.

that it hes no jurisdiction, as the questions
as to violating the national constitution were
not raised or argued in the Illinois court.
Therefore, writ of error could not issue.
OF the various appeals and petitions and
meetings protesting against the execution Of
the Ar1archists we haze not room To sneak of
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

49,
length. Spies and
Parsons have writ
tie n autobiog-
raphies, and the
condemned m en-,
their families and
Miss Nina Van
Zandt, who mar
ris1 SYse S by
proxy, have been
the objects of gem
eral attention
SINCE the tragedy.
Dusky Mrs. Par
sons, W o b a S
worked so hard
for her husbands
life, has become
r,arSnnallu t-nnnn
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
INITIATED BLOOD
ScrOfuI0us, Inherited and Con.
tagious HIumors Cured by
Cuficura

yNHRoUGHTHE MEDIUM OF ONE OF YOUR
= books received through Mr.. Frank T. Wray,
Druggist, Apollo. Pa. became acquainted with
your CUTICURA REMEDIES, and take this opportu-
nifty testify you that their use has permanent
ly cured of If the cases of blood pois-
oning, in connection with erysipelas, that / have
ever seen, and this after having been pronounced
iLcurable by some of the best physicians in our
county. take great pleasure in forwarding to you
this testimonial, unsolicited il is by you in or
.der that Others suffering from similar maladies
may be encouraged to give your CuIIcuRA REMK-
DIES trial. p. g. WHITLINGER,
Leeehburg, Pa
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
ANARCHY IN AMERICA.

DON after the close
of the civil war in
the United States
immigration, al
ways Of no mean
in
creased rapidly.
1t was then the
American public
first began to hear
much of commun-
ism, socialism and
anarchisIn. In 1882
tba ruaxirnufn was
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
DRUGS, CIGARS& TOBACCO!
Deeds Liens ) Contracts

TUE FOL- OWING BLANKS ARE KEPT REG
4 ularly in stock at THE CLARION OFFICE;
No. Merchants Deed of Trust-on real estate,
personal property or crops
deed Of Trust on real estate or personally.
81 eed Of Irust-oB real estate.
4-Deed Of Trust-to secure rent.
5-Deed Of Trus.-to secure rent and supplies.
51z-General Lien for Land Rent.
6-Contract for Share OF Crop.
Warranty Deed, as per Code, 1880.
S-Warrant Deed-a fuller form.
s-W arranty Deed, with Vendors lieE.
10 Quit Claim Deed.
g 11-Hond for Title.
i2-Bond, adapted to any contract or obliga-
ton
. t3-Bond for Public Officers
g 16-Generai Lease.
g ls-Tax Collectors Deed.
" 1s-sheriais Deed, under Execution.
. Indemnifying Bond 60 Sheriff
Deeds by No. on the left Price: Soc per quire.
ST. for fifty; $500 per hundred. by mail, post
paid
Address. THE CLARION,
jackson. Miss.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

enigreted to Illinois
in 1851, enlisted in
the Twelfth Illinois
at the outbreak CT
the war, and served
TIL the last Confed-
crate had laid down
his arms. He went in
as 8 corporal and
came out q captain.
July ., 1867, be was
first enrolled a POI
liceman. and in Oc-
tober. 1855, he was at
the head Of the force.
In the army he was
I'D days under fire
in battle or siirraiSh.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
LOUIS Lryee's LETTER

To Mr. R J. Oglesby, Governor of Illinois:
Aren't the fact that the progressive and liberty
loving portion of the American people are en-
deavoring to prevail upon you TO interpose your
prerogative in my case. feel impelled to de
clare, with my friend and comrade Parsons that
demand either liberty or death. II YOU are
really servant of the people according to the
constitution of the country, then you will by
virtue OF your office, Internationally release me.
Referring TO the general and inalienable rights
of men, | have called upon the disinherited and
oppressed masses TO oppose the force Of their op-
presSors-ex by armed enforcement of in
famous laws. enacted in the interest of capital
with force, in order to attain dignified and
manly existence by securing the full returns OF
their labor. This-and only this-is the crime
which was proven against me, notwithstanding
the employment of perjured testimony on the
part of the state. And this crime is guaranteed
not only q right, but as duty, by the Ameri-
can constitution, the representative Of which YOU
are snnnosed TO be in the state of Illinois
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16

ers used language
of a very inflam-
matoI-y character.
Still, though one of
the Chicago papers
had predicted seri-
Gus trouble, the
meetings were not
suppre ssed. But
Fred rick Eber-
sold, sIIperintend-
ent, and John Bon
field, inspector Of
police, were well
aware of the extent
of TIE discomfort
and made the most
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16


Suppressed by the police with great dificffy.
In February, 1885, the workmen at the Nc
CorIniek factory struck, and Pinkertonis
men were employed 70 defend the property,
and there was riot. On May /, 1885, the
workingmen of Chicago, with few excep-
lions, carried out their plan of general
strike for an eight hour day. The strike was
well managed and partially successful On
May August Spies delivered a fierce philip
pic against the non-union men still employed
at the Mccormick works, and there was an
encounter between the s.scabss and police on
one side and the strikers on the other. A
short and terrible fight occurred: several
men were killed and many more wounded in
various degrees. From the battle ground
August Spies hurried TO the Office Of The
Arbeiter Zeitung, wrote and had printed and
distributed the noted revenge circular
On May 4 there was rioting nearly all day
ON Blue Island avenue, near the Mccormick
works. The First regiment was ordered TO
be in readiness at its arrnory and the entire
police force was kept in instant readiness.
The Arbeiter Zcitung Of that morning urged
destructive action, and the Anarchists were
busy among the strikers all day. Thousands
of copies Of the following notice were scat
tered through the city:
ATTENTION, woEKRGsET!
Great mass meeting tonight at 7:30 O'Clock at
the Haymarket Randolph street. between Des-
PLANES and Halstead. Good speakers VIII be
present 70 denounce the latest atrocious acts or
the police-the shooting Of our fellow workrnen
Yesterday afternoon. Workingmen, your
selves and appear in fun force
The EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
and Court Seals

fFsHE CLARION OFFICE Is PREPARED TO
Odd Fellows, Knights of Honor, Knights Of Pythias
and Lodges Of other Benevolent Orders; for Coll
leges, Churches, Circuit and Chaneery Courts
Notaries Public Corporations and Societies Price
from $500 20 $780, according to design and labor
In engraving. Adress THE CLARION,
JACKSON, Miss.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16


So say society may hang number Of disci.
Piles of progress who have disinterestedly served
the cause of the sons of toll, which is the cause
of humanity. but their blood will work miracles
in bringing about the downfall of modern society
and in Fastening the birth of a era of civil.
cation.
Magma est veritas ct prevalent.
Anon E-vec
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
DTARRHGA or FLUX,

Flux Diarrhea and all Summer Complaints
are completely checked and cured in few
hours by Collins Ague Cure. TRY IT.
Sold everywhere by all Dealers at SO cts. Bottle
sg-Ask ycur Dealer for Copy of the COLLINS
PRESENT CENTURY ALMANAC, or Address
Collins BROS. DRUG CO.. ST. LOUIS, MO.
sep2l.' S7.ly.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
Naaen J 2oNal.


'Ast'F.ttNN lAetiltttAe-t' ~ tAiNte tAt tubuISdA
whom 10 should come
Capt John nolideil. who assumed the respon-
shafF on Tie night Of the tragedy, as on the day
% tlie previous riut was born in 1886 in New
brenswis's, hs father being a County Clare Irish
maa iatrll aetycl ia that province In 1874 the
faEfv rfesed 70 Chicago where John learned
the trade of rlachnisi and afterward became a
ipccuQiye cnsinecr. IN $50 lie became police
rNn and rose rapidly ia rank.
SHper.ntendeat Of Police Frederick J. Ebersold
was born ia bavaria ia 1851, enigrated to Illinois
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1887-11-16
EIX7S
Cream Rain CATARRH

Cream Balm,
-CLEANSES THE
HEAD. A L L A Y :
IN FLAMMATI o N,
HEALS THE SORES
r E S ES THE
SEN SES OF TASTE,
SMELL, HEARING
A QUICK RELIEF.
A POSITIVE CURE
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1887-05-05
TO ADVERTISERS.
The Free Press Recognized bv Geo. p.
RowelI 4 Co., as Ahead ~ an
Advertising Medium.

The well known advertising agency OF
Geo. Z. Rowell a Co, of New York City, have
issued an annual Newspaper Directory for
thirty years or more, and these publications
have been generally recognized ~ authority
M TO the matter of newspaper circulation.
In tho regular issues OF the Directory they
have included all the newspapers published
In the United States and Canada. Quite
recently, however, they have issued con-
densed list II gives only tho best newspa'
pers n advertising mediums, and hence Is
practically better, because more convenient,
than their larger Directory. Four-ffths OF
the newspapers of the United States are
practically Counted out" by intelligent ad.
vertisers, who only want TO know the best.
Hence the value Of the work under notice.
The publishers in the preface well say:
1T Sits the wheat from the chat. II di.
rects the attention of an advertiser toward
papers which he should and ought TO use
and tends to intercept portion of that pa
tronage which goes to publications which
cost greatly in excess Of any power to bene-
fit which they possess. 1t takes the general
ground, that the best is the cheapest"
We need scarcely say that ON this plan,
tho FREE PBEss il given by this book tsee
page 1851 as the advertising medium of San
Marcos aud Hays county, il being the only
one on tie list. We respectfully invite the
attention of advertisers, both at home and
abroad, TO this fact.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1887-05-05
For the Campaign.

The FREE PRESS, true to its ante
cedents for years past, will do it's ut
most to secure the triumph of the
Prohibition amendment at the cleo
ton in August next. For this pur-
pose, in order to extend its influence,
we will furnish it for the campaign,
over three months, for only Forty
Cents. We ask the friends of the
cause in Western Texas to come to
its aid by giving us large lists OF
new subscribers at this very low rate.
We would be glad if our friends
would send us the names of friends
OF the cause in all the adjacent
counties, and in fact throughout
Western Texas, to whom we may
send sample copies of the FREE PRESS,
which, from it's antecedents and po-
sition, should be the organ of the
movement in this part of the State,
there being no other so pronounced
an advocate of the cause in said re-
gion. The press, is the main reliance
for success in the campaign.