Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1887-09-16
SANITARY ScHoOL HoUSE&
EXTRACTS FROM A RECENT CIRCULAR ISSUED
ny THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
Heating ana ventilation.

These may be considered together as they
are so intimately connected, and as vcntil-
alton is so often accomplished by means of
the heating apparatus. But neither will be
treated of very extensively, and only or
mainly in connection with small school
houses. OF course when large building,
containing a large number Of rooms, is TO
be constructed, an architect is employed,
whose special duty it is to be conversant
with these subjects and make the plans nc
cording TO the most approved hygienic
methods
In common country school rooms the or
dinary stove is used for heating. This need
not he changed but it should he provid-
ed with sheet iron or galvanized iron
jacket, extending high enough above the
stove that the air may be well heated, and
leaving a space from four TO six inches all
around the stove This jacket should be
open at the top and closely fastened to the
floor at the bottom. a pipe not less than
six inches in diameter should pass through
the floor under the stove and be carried
out through the underpinnug to the eX-
ternal air. Thus current Of pure air,
from out Of doors, warmed by the stove,
will he constantly poured into the room,
and will dilluse itself so that those most re
mote from the stove will be warm and those
nearest will not he overheatcd.
Windows and doors nre the natural ven
tilators. But they should be used only to
flush the rooms with fresh air during recess
or after school hours When the jackcted
stove is used, the foul air may he got rid Of
by lowering the windows from the top Or
better still, 10y raising the lower sash and
placing under it strip Of board So that
the air may pass out bet tween the upper and
lower sash.
1t is customary to say that each pupil
should have 50 many square feet of floor
space, or so many cubic feet Of air space,
variousy stated ut fifteen to twenty square
feet, and at 10 to 300 cubic feet of air.
But the essential point is that each pupil
should have from % to 30 cubic feet of
fresh air to breathe every minute. OF
course, the oftener the air is changed the
smaller may be the space occupied But
how 10 change the air without creating un
pleasant and dangerous draughts is the
grand problem of ventilation. In rooms
such as those mentioned above the entire
air will, by ordinary means, he changed
about three times an hour, without Great
ing an Objectionable current But, to Civ,
each pupil the requisite amount OF fresh
air, it should be changed six or eight time,
in an hour Foul air. particularly among
children, causes dullness nervousness
headache, colds, catarrh, and uumerou,
other disorders. Hence foul air must bC
| got rid of in some way. The iacketed
stove with the partially opened window,
will accomplish this for single rooms, al
though imperfectly, especially if the rooms
are large But if several rooms are to b,
heated by furnace in the basement, spe
| cial iues must he made for the egross OF
| the bad air 1t is better to have the regis
| ters for the inlet of warm air on the inner
sides of the rooms, and above the middle
| Thus the warm air will pass across the room
toward the windows, the cool air from
| which will give a tendency to fall down
wards, then flowing along the floor, still
retaining considerable warmth it will keel
the feet of the pupils warm, and will pas
out of registers near the floor, in the wal
Of the room, upon the same side in whicl
| are the inlets The registers Of cgres,
must be somewhat larger than those Of in
| gress and must be connected with ilues
extending to the roof, and that can b,