The morning news. [volume] (Savannah, Ga.) 1887-1900, 1887-07-31
VACCINATION FOR YELLOW FEVER
a French View of the New Remedy

VACCINATION FOR YELLOW FEVER
A French View of the New Remedy
From, the Journal des Debats.
In 1880, when the value of the discovery
OF NJ. Pasteur was beginning to he appreci-
ated, NJ. Domingos Freire, of Rio de Janeiro,
conceived the idea of trying incubation
against yellow fever.
Nevertheless, it was not until 1888 that he
received from the Brazilian government an
official commission for the study of the sub
Ject. We have already noticed, at the time,
the researches of NJ. Freire Causeries Sci
entitqueS, 1884. Since that time the Savant
has pursued his work.
For one reason or another the report was
circulated in France that the experiments
of NJ. Freire had completely failed, and had
been clasSed with the anti-cholera vaccina-
lions of DR.. Ferran, of Tortosa. The re-
port was false, and it is now required of us
to render complete and entire Justice to the
science, to the ability and to the persever-
ance of M. Domingos Freire.
The official documents show ut once that
the NEGOTIATIONS undertaken by M. Freire
have produced results extremely remark
able
In all the organs in the blood, in all the
liquids of the subjects of yellow fever, there
CAlslo u dCptItSJlC luiCiOOc bllS tilplO~
coccusxan to genicus. This micrObe is
(arobie) like the red globule, and is engaged
with the latter in a fight for existence in
which the globule nearly always succumbs.
This microbe exists in diverse phases in
the blood
NJ. Freire has isolated them and OBJ
tanned them by simple culture. Their
action has been tried upon the monkey and
the dog, upon chickens and pigeons, but
Nf %al
fever
But upon the rabbit and the cObdye Ia
rodent) the result was very different the
virus communicated the malady TO them,
and they took the fever in an atmosphere
which simply held the microbes in suspen-
sion.
The poison is transmissible by inoculation
direct, not only from the man subject to the
cobaye, bat also from the cobaye to the Co
baye. These facts established, NJ Freire, in
view of obtaining a preservative vaccine,
searched for the means of obtaining a dimi-
mutton of the virulent force of the cultivated
microbes
He ascertained that this result would be
obtained by certain number of vaccina-
tions from cObaye to cobaye.
This attenuated virus was tried upon ami
mails without causing death. NJ. Freire
tried it unon himself then upon his assist
anu upph oOI1Ci oubJcCto WIZ pllOlOb
The first incubation of the attenuated virus
was then made in Brazil, and the troubles
following the injection have uniformly been
inslgnlicant--a little headache laSsitude
and febrile reaction
These We're the preliminary studies; now
we will present the results:
In 1SS3-lSS4 an epidemic of yellow fever
broke out in Rio Janeiro. NJ. ETeire vacci-
mated AS persons before and during the cpl
Of
ted who died from it reached $50 OF the
41S vaccinated five died, and these five per
sons belonged to the labo"ing class living in
badly ventilated houses in the most insalu-
hlious quarter of Rio and in the streets where
the mortality wt eno?mC us. OF the 650not
vacCinated before mentioned, who died of
the fever ST. were strangers recently from
Europe and seventy.three only were Brazil
ians. These figures clearly show the differ
ence in receptivity between the acclimated
and the unacclimated.
OF the AIS vaccinated by Nj. Freirc 307
We're also strangers, the remainder coming
from the interior and in the same condition
of receptivity as the foreigners as the in
terror Is rarely visited by the yellow fever.
The first inoculatOns were made with the
lancet; the following year M. Freire adopted
the hypodcrmic method.
From January to August, 1885, the num-
y
sons not vaccinated was raised at Rio to 27S,
of whom 200 were Strangers and rs were
natives IA of the latter being born in the
city. During the same period NJ Freire
vaccinated 3,051 persons; 2, 1856 natives and
SO strangers OF these 2,1S6 natives 625
were infants belonging to strangers, and
consequently possessing two conditions Of
receptivity which clearly placed them in
the rank of strangers.
On the date of JAN 2, 1856, not a single
one had succumbed to the disease The
immunity was absolute. The researches of
Ii. Domingos Freire singularly confirm the
work of the French master. They richly
merit reception as new victory in the fight
of man against disease.
The yellow fever is very deadly, and is
epidemic on both sides of the Atlantic in the
Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf of Guinea
In our colony of the Senegal it has at diff
ferent times found many victims who can
say that it will not soon be imported into
Europe by the numerous lines OF steamers
established between our coasts and the
American by the vessels which arrive nearly
every day at our various ports.
In Spain, from 1900 to 1928, more than
100000 persons died from yellow fever,
which was imported from Cuba.
In the same way it appeared in France in
1860 at st. Nazaire, brought by the ship
Anne Marie, coming from Stavana. The
yellow fever may then be as malignant in
our climate as the Asiatic cholera and it fur
nishes the motive for calling public atten-
ton the vaccinations of the BrlZiian savant