davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20
NORFOLK AND WESTERN RAIL-
~ ROAD.

SCHEDULE IN EFFECT JANUARY IL, 1877.
TWO DAILY TRAINS TO NORFoLK.
TWO DAILY TRAINS TO LYNcHBURG.
LEAVE RICHMOND
ll:95 A. NJ. Daily. ria Richmond and Peters
burg railroad. Arrive at Sc;ers-
burg 1913 F. NJ. leave Petersburg
1890 p. n. daily arrive AT Norfolk
3.l0P.M
lI:2s A. NJ. Daily, Ga Richmond and Peters
burg railroad. Arrive 40 Peters
burg 1915 p. N. No. leaves Pc
tersburg 1870 p. NJ. for Farmyillo,
Lynchburg. Roanoke, Bristol,
Knoxville, and all points south ami
west.
$50 p. N. Daily. except Sunday, ria Rich
mond and Petersburg railroad.
Arrive Petersburg 7i5 T.. VI.
leaves Petersburg 10 p. NJ.
daily, arriving Norfolk 10 p. NJ.
Through car Richmond 90 Norfolk.
$3.50 r. NJ. Daily, except Sunday, VIA Rich
mond and Petersburg railroad.
Arrive at Petersburg T:l5 =. NJ,
connecting with Train No /
leaving Petersburg AZ s2j =. NJ.
for Farmyille, Lynchburg, ROa-
noke. Bristol. Knoxville, Chatta-
nooga. and all points south and
west
PULLMAN SLEEPING-CAR ACCOMMODA-
TONS.
No. i-Sleeping-car from Petersburg 70 Bris-
toll without change.
No. 3-RoanOke TO Atlanta, Macon, and New
Orleans, without change.
Tickets, baggoge-checks. aud all Information
can be obtained at Richmond and Petersburg
railroad depot aud at \. W. CARRIERS, l0oO Main
street W. Il. By ILL,
General Passenger and Ticket Agent.
CHARLES G.. EDDY. Vice President
General Office. Roanoke. Va. Sc Is
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20
FURNITURE, STOVES, 6-OCTAVE
Il PIANO, NOTIONS, FURNISHING
GOODS. BLANKETS, &C,
At AUCTION.

THIS DAY
at IOb o'clock. will sell at my auction house
an assortment Of FURNITURE, consisting Of
IMARBLE-TOP CHAMBER SUIT;
BFDSTEADS. III REAIs. WAsHS IANDsi
set Of three MAHOGANY DINING-TABLES;
CKOCKERY. GLASSWARE, T1NWARE;
BASINS and PHI CHEERS, TENDERS, LOUNGE
2COI NTEk TABLES; .,.
/ very nice COOKING-STONE and UTENSILS;
large STONE-FUkNACE,s suitable Tor nan or
store; ,.,,,
SFLF-FEEDING and HEATING-STONES;
MATTRESSES. BLANKETS, BEDDING.
Also an invoice Of NOTIONS, INDERWEAh
SHIRTS. BLANKETS. FANCY GOODS. &c.
GEORGE W. MAYO,
IN On AuctOneer.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20
by Apperson & Co.,
Real Estate Auctioneers,

BY Apperson Il Co.,
Real Estate Auctioneers.
A UCTION SALE OF SNUG TENE-
~ HENT No. lOg WEST CARY STREET
CLYDE PLACEl.-We will sell at auction, on
the PREMISES, al 40 O'Clock T.. NJ, on
THURSDAY, JANUARY 90, 1881,
the said TENEMENT, containing six rooms
and sub-basement; lot i6Hx100 feet 10 an al.
ley 10 feet wide. Firstrate tenant at good
TETHs. AZ sale. APPERSON 6 Co,
fni5 Real Estate Aucti0neers.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20
PHILADELPHIA, RICH 4lffTH
MoND AND NORFOLK
STEAMSHIP COMPANY.

Appointed sailing days: Every TUESDAY
"a. n.
Freight for Tuesdays and Fridays steamers
received tin 1880 A. VI. for sundays steamer
till 3 +. NJ Saturday. Freight received daily
till y. VI.
Fare. 81.
For further information apply 10
j. W. MCCARRICK.
General Southern Agent ONCE Rocketta
w. Y. CLYDE s. CO.
Sc Il General Agents, Philadelphia.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20
RAILROAD Lines

III " ~ L..'.rs COO. 49,. sgJ
CHESAPEAKEAND OHIO ROLF
~ SCHEDULE TAXING EFFR1r y.
NOVEMBER n, Issg
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20

WANTED, AN ACTIVE PART
w NER, with some capital, in an establish
ed Wholesale Produce and Grocery Business.
Address, In real name, "ACTlNE," care Of
UiSJdfcH ia .Olt
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20

NTANTED.-I WISH TO BUY A
w Milk Route IN the western part of the
city For particulars address note, care Of
nisLntcL nnicn. 70 $ 7. 4 "a 2lIh& SUIT.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20
By Apperson & Co,
Do.f u.sat.. k,,ctf,., a..,-u ana ra,,ta

N. W. BowE, Auctioneer.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1887-01-20

BY George W. Mayo, Auctioneer.
Ono. L. Laughton, Jr., Salesmsn,)
No. 20 Ninth street
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16

arators" are The cause or the immense dissatis.
faction among the working people.
Oh ytu reOrle who speak thus, can you not, or
will you not read the signs Of the times? Doy you
not see that the clouds on the social flrmoment
are thickening. Are you not, for instance, aware
that the control OF industry and Of the means or
transportation, etc, is constantly concentrating
in fewer hands; that the monopoiists j. e., the
sharps among the capitalists. swallow the little
ones emon;, them; that trusts pools" and
other combinations ere being formed in order to
more thoroughly end Systematically fleece tie
people: that under the present system the de-
velopmcut of tcchnic and machinei y is from year
to year throwing more worknen on the waysidc;
that in some parts OF this great and fertile land
majority Of the farmers ore obliged to mortgage
Their homes in order to satisfy the greed of moE-
strous corporations; that in short, the rich are
constantly growing richer and the poor poorer.
Yes and do you not comprehend that all these
evils find their origin in the present institution Ct
society which allows ono portion OF the human
race to build fortunes upon the miSfortunes OF
others-to enslave their fellow men?
Instead Of trying to remedy these evils and III.
stead Of aScertaining just what the cause of tfe
widening dissatisfaction is, the ruling classes,
through their mouthpicceS-press, pulpit ETC.
defame and miSrcpresent the character, tescE
ngs and motives of the advocates Of social recon.
struction, and use the rifle and the club Oh them,
and, if the opportunity is favorable, send them 10
AS en- answer may as well quote the followin:,
words with which Benjamin Franklin closed his
satirical essay, Rules for Reducing Great En-
pirc to Small One" which he dedicated to tho
English government in 1176: Suppose all their
(the 'kickprs) complaints to be invented and pro.
NOTED by o few factious demagogues, whom II
you could catch Grd hang all would lie quiet:
Catch and hang few accordingly and the blood
Of the martyrs shall work miracles in favor Of
your purpose" Q g., your own ruin).
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16
.,... FISCHER.
At,SNo LINGG.
HNuAH SCHWAB.
SPIES.
FIELDEN.

Louis Liugs, who "a convicted Of having
made tho bombs, is but - years old and ca3aot
speak English. He is said to havo been expelled
from Germany, where Re was born, for con.
spiracy.
Michael Schwab IS native Of Mannheim, Ger.
many, vas born in 1853 and was educated in q
convent. Coming to America in 1879, he worked
for time at the book binders trade He became
connected with The Arbeiter Zeitung at the same
time cs Spies.
George Engel was born in Cassel, Germany, In
1896, received common school education, learned
tic printers trade and came to America in 1873.
year later he located in Chicago, where ho soon
embraced Socialism and became an Anarchist.
He established tho Northwest Group" in 1888
Adolph Fischer is about 90 years of age and is O
German. He came to America when lad and
learned the printers trade with his brother, who
published German weekly at Nashville, Tenn.
Later Adolph edited and published The Little
Rock (Ark.) Stats Zctung, which he sold in 1881.
Then he worked at his trade in St. Louis and Chi
caGo. He sometimes accused Spies and 3cEwab
cf being too mild, and at one time established
Der Anarchist, paper intended to supplant The
Arbcitcr Zeitung.
Oscar Neebe, who received sentence of fifteen
years in the state prison, IS also middle aged
German
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16

reached when 733, ,992 Europeans landed in
the United States. immigration from Eng
land had declined and that from Ireland
fallen to a minimum; but from southern
Germany there was an immense increase,
while eastern Europe sent Poles, Boherliars,
Russians, Hungarians and their congeners by
tens of thousands. In many of these people
hatred of government had become heredi-
tsry sentiment. Chicago became headquar-
f8fs for the discontented, and The Arbeiter
Zeitung workers JournaD their organ. Then
sprung up in that city the international
Workngmen's association. The platform or
declaration Of principles of this organization,
as was testified to at the trial, urged that
''the present system under which property is
owned by individuals should be destroyed,
and that all capital which has been produced
by labor should be transformed into COM
mon property" The association was divi-
ded into groups" of which there were
eighty in the United States in March, 1885,
located principally in the cities of industry.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16

The agitation growing out of the attempt
to enforce the eight hour law led directly to
the tragedy. As early as May, 1854, tho or
ganized wo,iingmcn of Chicago gave notice
that cn the lst Of May, 1856, they would in
sist upon tho general observance of tho law.
It is not necessary to detail the numerous
strikes and occasional riots of the following
two years in various sections of tho country !;
suffice il, that each one was eagerly seized
upon by the anarchists as fresh proof that
capital was crushing labor.
On April Is, 1855, the new board of trade
building was formally opened; there was
somewhat riotous popular demonstration
against it, and Fielden and Parsons addressed
the assemblage in language moro infamma-
tory than ever before. In July, 1885, there
was a general strike of street car employees.
One riot was excited which was only
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16
COUNSEL FOR DEFENSE.

of I,andeca," central Germany; one OF his early
nlnyth;ncs was TN old torture rack with which
the mobiles used to extort money from Jews or
s'rcgulate' the peasants, and his favorte haunt
in childhood was en- the edge of deep chasm
into which the robber barons used to throw the
pretty girls of the village whom they had kid
uaped and Of whom they had tired. There he
grew up, and thence Ec came to Americato teach
the Anarchstic doctrine, reaching the new world
in 1872 and Chicago q year later There he
worked as On uphostercr for q number OF years.
lie first showed an interest in the theories or
Socialism in 1870 and in 1877 joined himself to the
Lehr und Wchr.verein. He was attached to The
Arbciter Zeitung in 1880 and succeeded Paul
Grottkau as editor in chief in 1884 Everybody
remembers TIE attachment that sprung up be-
tween him and Miss Nina Van Zandt during the
trial, and which resulted in their marriage by
proxy"
Samuel Fielden was born in Todmorden, Lam
cashire, England, in 1s47 He grew up to be O
laborcr and O Methodist field preacher. In 1868
he came to America, and soon located in Chicago,
where he Joined the Liberal league in 1880; there
ho met Spies and Parsons, and thereafter grew
rapidly into anarchial views. Save him and Par
sons all the condemned are Germans.
Albert r. Parsons is the only native American
among the condemned men. Born in Alabama
in 1913 and early left an orphan, he was reared
by his brother, who wcs afterwards the noted
Confederate general, W. II. Parsons. He served
in the Confederate artillery when but ID years
old; but after the war he became Repub-
l:can, and in 1872 married woman suspected
Of having negro blood in her veins,' for which
his brother disowned him. Before this he had
been first printer on The Galveston Tex) News
and late editor Of The Waco Uex.) Spectator.
Because of this marriage he was obliged to leave
Texas, and locating in Chicago he worked in
various printing offices, but after time became
professional labor agitator; was at one time
master workman of District Assembly "a, Knights
Of Labor, and was president of the trades as-
sembly for three years. He was nominated for
tho presidency by the Sociaistic party in $780, but
declined as he was not then 3j years of age. In
1So3, at Pistsburs, he helped frame the platform
Of the International Working Peoples associa-
tion. He was named for city clerk Of Chicago by
the Socialists in 1883, and became editor Of The
Alarm, the organ Of the american Group"
year later.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16
APPEALS TO HIGHER COURTS.

Tho usual application for new trial was
filed and the entire method Of the trial re-
argued for several days. The application be-
ing refused an appeal was taken to tho
supreme court of Illinois, and once more the
whole ccso was thoroughly argued It is
needless to detail the legal steps; suffice it
that so much time was consumed that the
case did not reach the supreme court till
March II, 1887. Then Messrs Grinnell,
Walker, Ingham and Attorney General
Hunt, for the state, aad Messrs. Black, Salo-
mon, Zoislcr ard Leonard SWEET, for the de-
fense, discussed tho issues as to whether tho
court below had erred, whether the Anar-
chists had been legally condemned to death
for mere conspiracy, whether the jury was
properly constituted and many others.
Tho weight Of argument before the
supreme court turned upon the proper con.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16

The Chicago groups were known as tie
North Side, the Northwest Side, the AIncri-
can, the Karl Marx, the Freiheit, the South
west Side and Jefferson No. l. Sch"ab,
Neebe and Lingg belonged TO the North Side
GROUP" Engel and Fischer to the Northwest
Side, and Spies, Parsons and Ficldcn to the
American. There was also an armed social
istic organization called the Lehr und WcEr-
Verein, whose members seem to have also
been members of the international groups, y
but to have been Of higher rank.
The branch of the international Working
mems association which existed in Chicago
during 1885 and up to May 4, 1886, was a con.
pact, we'll disciplined organization. At tie
head of it was general or central commit
tee. Next to it came tho Lehr und Wehr-
Verein. Then came the ''armed sections" of
the various groups" and then came the un-
armed members Of the "groups."
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16

bis friends AZ the close, when asked by the
court If they had auSht TO say why sentence
of death should not he pronounced, they all
made long addresses, those of Parsons ard
Fielden being the best That Of Spies con-
sisted of pleading and defiance, reasoning On
liberty and quotations from Scripture. In
tho course of his remarks he spoke of Christ
as Socialist Schwab and Neebe gave ar
guments against tho regularity of the trial.
Ficldcn excited some astonishment by say
ing: "The great Socialist, Jesus Christ, said
1900 years ago: Better that ninety-ninc
guilty men should SO unpunished than taat
ono innocent man should suffer-" Judge
Gary then sentenced the seven men to be
hanged
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16
FISCHER'S LETTER.
Cook CoUS-Y JAIL, CHICAGO, Nov.

Cook CoUN-Y JAIL, CHICAGO. Nov. /, 1857.
To Mr.. r. J. Oglesby, Governor of the State OF
Illinois:
DEAR SIR an aware that petitions are being
circulated anil GiSned by the general public ask
ing you to commute the sentence of death which
was inflicted upon me by criminal court Of this
state. Anent this action Of a. Sympathizin5 and
well meaning: portion of the people, solenlnly
declare that il has not my sanction. AS man OF
hoIor ns man OF conscience and as man OF
principle cannot accept mercy. lam not guilty
Of the charge in tho indictment-of murder !
am no murderer, and cannot apologize for m &C.
tion of which know am innocent. And should
csii "mercy" cn account Of my principles, which
honestly believe to be true and noble? No.
am no hypucritc, md have, therefore, no excuses
to offer with regard to being an Anarchist, be-
cause the experiences of the past eighteen months
question is, Am responsible for the death Of the
policemen at tie 1iaymarket? and / say no, un-
less you assert that every Aboltionist could haro
been held responsible for the deeds Of John
History repeats itself. As the powers that be
have at oil times thought that they could stem
tho progressive tide by cXternnilatiEg few
"kiIEers,' So do the rulini, class OF today imagine
that they can put u stop to the movement OF
labor emancipation by hanging Il few Of lis advo.
Gates. Progress in its victorious march has had
to overcome many obstacles which seemed in
the deaf n Of martyrs. The Obstacles which bcr
the road Gf progress today seem to be iuvincbe,
too, hut tacy will be overcome nevertheless.
At all times when the condition Of society has
become such that Il large portion Of the people
complained OF the existing in iliSticc the ruling
CLASSES have denied tie truth Of these complaints,
but have said tat the discomfort nf the portion
Of the people iii QUESTION was die only to tho
''pernicious inf,xcn"c" Of malicious q: a:tators"
Today, again, svnle people assert tnat the id
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16
POLICE VICTIMS,

two miles and q deep prolonged roar, echoing
from tho buildings then appalling screams
and vollcy of pistol shots. Tho smoke
lifted, and the ground appeared covered with
slain--but only for an instant. Two whole
companies of police had been thrown to the
ground, of whom one, Matthias ]. Degan,
was instantly killed, six mortally wounded
and sixty others hurt in various degrees.
But tho police rallied at once and with tho
firmness and steadiness Of veterans, they
sprang forward, eIlptying their revolvers
into tho flying crowd as they went, and fol-
lowing their shots with their clubs they
cleared tho street in less than three minutes
of all save tho dead and wounded. From
alley, gutter and hallway came deep groans
and curses.
Is is estimated that twenty of the crowd
wcrc killed end about $50 wounded An An
nrchist named kistler was killed by the
bomb. Besides Officer Degan, killed outright,
tho policemen who died of their wounds were
j. ]. Barrett, George Miller, Timothy Flani-
Ian, Michael Shcehan, Thomas Reddin and
Neil Hansen. After the dispersion Of tho
mob came the saddes5 scenes Of the occasion.
Tho dead and wounded policemen were rap
idly conveyed to the station, the latter made
as comfortable as possible and surgeons
called; but not before their wives and near
relatives hurried there, for bad news flies
fast. The tears of some, the sobs and loud
cries of others, tho groans, the gashes, the
blood and nangled bodies-all these formed
a scene to wiring tho hearts of the pitiful.
Within a few weeks Chicago had contributed
200 for the care of tho wounded police
- r r - -. -
tho dead.
The bomb used is said to have been Of the
samo pattern used to kill the car Of Russia,
and is very well shown in tho initial letter
cut Of this account. 1t was made Of compo-
sitioa metal cups fastened together nearly in
tho form of a sphere with bolt and nut.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16
JUST BEFORE THE TRAGEDY.


The evolution of the tragedy was curiously
regular.
First, as has been shown, these rlcn taught
radical Socialism. Next, they organized dis
contented workingmen to act more efficiently
in strikes. The usual trouble arose: "scabs'
took the place Of striking workmcn, they
were attacked by the strikers, the police were
called on for protection and the Inevitable
question was presented-shall wo fight! The
Anarchists, in speech and in The Arbeiter
Zeitung, vehemently urged destructive
measures. They exhorted the strikers to
fight both the "scabs" and the police, cave
minute instructions how to use nitro-glyccr;ro
and manufacture bombs, and had ''ay?aeI
sections" of their supporters who drilled
nightly and were instructed in the use of
bombs
At length it was boldly announced that the
Anarchists had 5000 armed and we'll drilled
revolutionists in Chicago, and it was proved
that they really had 8, 900 at this time, es was
sworn to during the trial. The Arbeiter Zci-
Jung and The Alarm published many such
sentiments as these:
Doggers and revolvers orc easily to be gotten:
hand grenades are cheaply to be produced.
Will the workiugmen supply themselves with
weapons, dynamite and prussic acid?
The workingmen ought to take aim at every
member of the militia.
And while tho writers acted with what
they probably considered caution, the speak
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16

retired at $3.50 p. M, and at 10 a. m. next
day, Aug. 90, returned q verdict of guilty
against oil the defendants, with n sentence of
fifteen years in the penitentiary for Oscar
Necbc, and death for tho other seven.
The trial began and ended with sensations.
On the first day A. r. Parsons, who had
escaped and been in hiding, walked into tho
courtroom, announced his voluntary sur
render and took his place in the dock with
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16
ARREST-TRIAL-CONVICTlON.

On tho Gay after the tragedy tho police de-
sccndcd on every known Anarchist resort in
Chicago and arrested every suspected man;
before morning many had been dragged from
their beds. Every one in The Arbeiter
Zeitung office was arrested: August Spies,
editor in chief; Christ Spies, his brother;
Michael Schwab, associate editor; Mrs. Eliz-
abetn May Holmes, editorial contributor;
eighteen printers, two reporters and two
messengers. Rudolph Schnaubelt, who, it
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16


struction of the two sections in the revised
statutes of illinois Chapter 3S, div. g sections
and s., which abolish tho previous tlistinc-
ton between principal and accessory, and
provide that any ono who, mot being pres
sent, hath advised, encouraged, aided or
allotted, X shall be considered as
principal and may be punished es
such, whether the principal is convicted or
not" On the 14sh Of September the court
rendered an opinion, which Ellis twenty-one
closely printed columns, and is an exhaustive
exposition Of the law, fully CONFIRMING the
decision of tho court below. And so the pris-
oners wero sentenced to be hanged on the
18th of November, 1887 Another hopo re-
mained. Gen. Roger A. Pryor, Gen. Benja-
min F. Butler and Hon. Randolph Tucker were
employed as experts in constitutional law,
and an appeal made to the supreme court Of
the United States, the chief allegation being
that the accused had not been tried by an
Impartial jury as required by the national
constitution. Tho revised statutes of Illinois
permit tho choice Of juryman who has
formed an opinion from reading newspaper
accounts Of the case, provided he makes oath
that his opinion is rot Euch es could not be
overthrown by evidence. The question Of
the taking Of letter without warrant from
Spies desk was also brought up.
The supreme court of the United States
rendered its decision ON tho I'd of November,
holding, in brief, that the jury law of Illinois
docs not contravere any provision of the IA
tienal constitution, and that tho question as
to whether tho state constitution and laws
had been strictly observed was one for the
state courts alone. The court confined itself
very strictly TO tho case before it, entering
into tie general questions raised only SO far
as absolutely ncccssary. But two points,
therefore, wero passed upon in regard to tho
amendments. Tho court held that the first
ton amendments limit the powers of the Fed
eral government, not tho powers of state
over it's citizens; and that the Fourteenth
amendment has not changed the rule in that
respect. In all other matters the court holds
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1887-11-16

in 1857, enlisted in
the Twelfth Illinois
at the outbreak cf
the war, and served
till the last Coufcd-
crate had laid down
his arms. He went in
as o corporal and
came out n captain.
July Q, 1861, he was
first enrolled as o po-
liceman, and in Oc-
tober, 1885, he was at
the head CT the force.
In the army he was
100 days under fire
in battle or skirmish.