The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1887-01-14
COLoREp GLASS
How Costly Tinfs Are Produced in the Pro-
cess of Its Manufactures.

4
cess of Its Manufacture.
The church, in calling the arts to its
aid, has not neglected the painter.
Tone-poets have supplied requiem and
mass, canticle and chant; architects
have planned temples which it has
taken centuries to complete and whose
stately columns and pinnacles repre-
sent millions of money; but not at all
behind this display of genius comes the
work of the magicians in colors In
fact, it would be easier perhaps to re-
place any cathedral in Europe than the
masterpieces of painting which some Of
them contain. A large share of this
sensuous adjunct of church adornment
is found in the windows. Coloring
glass was few years ago almost reck-
oned one of the lost arts. But within
the last three decades such improve
ments have been made that experts
declare the modern glass equal in
beauty to the antique. And not only
to the purpose of church adornment is
colored glass relegated at present. On
the contrary, the great aesthetic wave
which has carried taste and beauty into
the adornment of the modern home has
borne colored glass upon its crest The
jugglery of art has conjured it into all
sorts of lovely shapes and combina-
tons, until one might search New York
over and not discover a fine house with
out colored glass. 1t is really mis-
homer to speak of painted or stained
glass. For all the colors, save yellow,
are produced in glass while in the pro-
cess of manufacture. The oxide
of chloride of silver applied
in the proper way to colorless
glass will produce its different
shades of yellow. The cheaper win
dows are made of '.rolled cathedral
glass" The process of making win
dow of colored glass is apparently
simple enough, but the artist will ap-
preciate the many difficulties in the
way. First the cartoon" is drawn.
From this the "cutting pattern" is
made, giving the outlines for the va
rious pieces of colored glass. These
sections of glass are at first pinned in
their places, and the ''leading" is laid
around them to hold them firmly where
they should remain. To give the ex-
act shade, one color is laid upon
another, sometimes two or even three
tints being necessary, and, as the light
passes through them, the blending of
the hues gives the desired color. In
former years what were termed ''mas-
sive-colored' glasses were generally
used. At present hues are often con-
veyed by covering body of pure flint
glass with one or more thin coatings of
intensely colored glass. To produce
the different colors, various minerals
are employed. Ruby red. for instance,
is created by fusion of oxide of gold,
and "ancient red'' by protoxide of cop
per. The art of making these colors
was revived by Englehart, of Zinsweiler,
in 1928. Azure blue is secured by the
use of copper. The addition of oxide
of cobalt gives cobalt blue. To obtain
amethyst or purple, it is necessary to
use oxide OF manganese and a lit
tie nitre. Common yellow topaz
arises from the employment of
powdered charcoal. Gold topaz re-
quires the use of oxide of ura-
MUM. Other tints are procured as fol-
lows: Common orange, iron ore and
manganese; dark violet, peroxide of
manganese; brown violet, add little
oxide of iron; increase the iron, it will
become fine yellow used for gold
thread in woven glass; green, protoxide
of chrOme,yor mixture of antimony,
glass and oxide of cobalt; emerald,
copper scales and iron ore, or the OK
ides of nickel and uranium; black, per-
oxide of manganese, oxide of copper
and of cobalt; soft white enamel,
Opaque, arsenic and anthony; hard
white, tin and lead putty. Hyalith is
black glass so hard that it may be
used to contain boiling liquids. 1t is
made by the use of Stag of FORCES and
charcoal dust. 1t is brilliant and sus-
ceptible of high polish. The Romans
made glass of transparent colors-- blue,
green, purple, amber, brown and rose;
of Opaque, white, black, red, blue, yell
low, green and orange. The blue
shades were extremely rich and varied.
Their green, purple and crimson are
often very fine, and, in their combina-
tons, limitations of onyx, porphyry,
granite and agate are frequently pro-
duced which far surpass anything made
at present in the opinion of connois-
seurs. The analysis of this glass, as
given by Won Minntoli, show the use of
the oxides of lead, copper OF iron in
combination with silica, alunina and
lime, these materials alone in different
proportions forming Opaque red, green
OF transparent blue. They also used
cobalt sparingly for blue, gold for rose
color, manganese for violet, and oxides
of tin for white and orange.-N Y
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