davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
What Three Needs can Do.

Prairie FarmerI
Three weeds Of moderate size and growth,
will occupy es much ground, draw as much
Dutri ment from it, take IN as much of the
life-giving sunlight and of the food bearing
a atmosphere as a good stalk of corn. 1t
must be rich and strong soil that can
stand the full draft OF two crops growing
on it at the same time, one OF corn and one
Of weeds, and yet stint neither OF them.
The rsys OF SUD, so necessary to the life
and growth of nearly all vegetation, OF all
CROPS. come TO the plants in direct lines,
and If interrupted By the stake or leaves
of weeds, can not go around them
to reach the corn. The carbonic acid
OF the air is the great supplier of the
main portion of all crops, both stalks,
leaves and roots. Bat this carbonic acid
exists In very small quantities in the air,
only about one quart of itin $500 quarts
OF air. Air must be moving quite rapidly
to bring in enough OF this gaseous carbonis
acid TO supply the wants of a rapid-gro r.
ing corn stalk. A whole gallon of the car
bonic acid weighs only 113 small grains,
of which It takes z, 900 TO weigh a pound.
Now, if weed leaves stand along with, or
near corn leaves, they steal away good
deal of this caroonic acid that corn leaves
want; and it is only when the wind is
blowing strongly that enough comes to
meet the wants of both corn stalks and
weeds. The practical lesson of this is that
every weed growing with or near the corn
is robbing il of the very things il wants
from the soil and from the air, and Is also
stealing some of its needed sunlight.
Sixty to seventy corn stalks yield on an
average about q bushel OF corn Two hun
dTed weeds. on the same ground, use all
the materials that are needed By corn
stalks enough 10 produce 2 bushel OF corn.
lie must be 8 poor, slow worker indeed.
who can not with hoe cut and kill 1000
weeds in day, il be takes them when
The evident less9n from this is, that
after We have used ths horse implements
30 kill out what weeds We can without
going down TO disturb the young roots OF
corn, it will pay gIsn0ly 10 have men 81
over the ground with hoes and remove the
last weeds which are left. IL one man kills
600 wees in day, he has destroyed 3
sufficient number of thieves TO steal from
the soil the air and the sunlight, which
would support stalks enough to yield ten
bushels of corn, worth s. or 81. II thC
weeds are not large enough aud growing
thickly enough TO rob the corn of all its
needed earth, air and sunlight, vet everS
weed that does grow is doing something t.
| diminish the health, vigor, growth and
ultimate yield of corn.
Brethren, thir K OF toese things, AID kesI
| the hoe going now. Look upon every weed
| allowed to grow up as being as much ROB
Der OF your crop as is the thief who takes i
at night out of your corn crib, with only
this difference, that the weeds rob the fislS
in open daylight, right before your eyes
and when you at perfect liberty to murde
| them without mercy, and without any for
mality Of dragging them before courts o
| law.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
PACIFIC RAILWAY INQUIRY.
Proceedings of the Government Com
mission at Omaha Yesterday.

Proceedings of the Government Com
mission at Omaha Yesterday.
OMAHA, June p in the Pacific investi-
CATION oday Governor PattiEon called on
the officers OF the Union Pacific 10 produce
statements showing separately the gross
sum of payments on account of rebates
pool settlements and over-charges. He
gave Traffic Manager Kimball a list of
persons to whom the Union Pacific has
paid rebates in 1883 and 1856, and demand
ed the reasons which moved the company
TO make them; also, whether any officer or
att8ehe Of The road or public official had
any interest in the firms to which the re-
bates were paid.
The sergeant-at-arms of the commission
reported that be had been unable to serve
subpoeDas on a number of citizens of Oma-
ha, owing to the fact that the parties were
absent"
At this one of the audience remarked
soto voce that these people would proba-
bly, be 'absent" as long as the commission
was in session in Omaha.
Erastus Young, general auditor of the
Union Pacific, was examined at great
length as to his methods of bookkeeping.
The report sent TO the directors at Boston
did not show the gross receipts of the COM
pany, as rebates were first deducted.
Governor PattiSQn demanded 4 statement
showing the gross receipts from 1869 70
1856 TO cover the whole system.
The WINES promised that statement
would be prepared, but explsined il would
Include all money received by the COM
paIy OF which pro rata portion belonged
to other roads on through freight and pas.
seDeer traffic. These accounts were not
kept separately
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
Dsep PIovinE,

In farming, as well ss in dGirYing or graz
ing, everything depends on the condition
of the soil. Here is the foundation, aud
unless this is in proper condition the sub
structure is bound to fall. & great deal
hss been said and written as TO the proper
depth to pillow, and there is such differ
ence of opinion among farmers in regard
to it that the question is still as far from
settled as ever. We think, however that
the leading cause for such difference of
opinion may be found in the land itself
That good crops are and can be grown
ON shallow-plOwed land that is good no
one will deny, provided the season be
neither too wet nor too dry. e., with
moderate rains the whole season. In such
q season any one can grow good crops. But
sUch seasons are rare, and, in fact, every
season is likely to be attended with either
a long drought or long wet spell. Now
what the farmer wants is to guard against
both, and the only way TO do il is to break
up bis land as deeply as possible-say rot
less than from seven to ten inches But
how is this to mend the matter? We
answer, very easily. In case OF a heavy
rein a large portion of the water, instead of
running off viii be absorbed by the
deeply disintegrsted land, where il is held
as If by a sponge for the use of the plants
and if a drought should intervene there is a
supply OF water Just where the plants
want il. and, when exhausted, it's
place is at once supplied by capil-
larry attraction from below. Il
will thus be seen that by deep blowing
the farmer provides against dTouS hit by haY-
ing supply of water in reserve or place
ready to receive and hold it when
ever IL comes. The better to insure this,
however, as well as 10 facilitate the escape
of too much water, it is better to use q SUD.
soil pillow and an additional team, running
the same Immediately after the breaking
plow, and ripping up the subsoil the de.
sired depth. This need not be done for
every crop raised on the land, but only
once in every three or four years.
1t has been well said that it is better to
have two acres of good land. one on top oil
the other, than as many acres alongside OF
each other, as il costs only half as much to
tend them. The way to do this is by deep
blowing, and thus double the depth OF the
soil as well as the crops grown thereon.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
Orchard Enemies.

Correspondence Farmers Review.
We hear it remarked frequently that the
myriads of fruit, plant and vegetable de-
voarng insects with which we must con-
tend to secure even a portion of either is
enough TO discourage those engaged in their
production. From this Respondent view
dissent, as we have found, by the aid of
science, a remedy for such difficulties in
esch case as fast as they are presented, and
usually the means are simple; indeed, the
main remedies being a determined
persistence in the application Of
the u.eans Of determination. IL some
times takes a number of seasons of
suffering, and the expounding Zine upon
line" to awaken some TO the fact that
there is remedy and the real necessity of
thorough use. Having from childhood
been the watchful guardian of plant life in
end out doors, / confess to q blood-t hirsti-
ness for the destruction OF all such pests
and propensity TO destroy them, so when
our learned scientists show us q way
make haste in fits practices. Wormy apples
have been thorn in the flesh" with US
as with every orchardist we know for years.
We have Kept the swine in the orchard
from the first falling of green ap-
pies and until they we're fattened,
have plowed. planted, seeded by turns.
with no perceptible diminution of
the enemy which forestalled as in the
possessions Of spy and baldwin, aud all
other delights of the orchards. until dis
gust took the place OF appetite for apples
Lsst spring the remedy proposed by, /
think, Professor Cook, 10 spray the trees
with london purple or paris green, was in
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29

try, forgetful OF the fact that the COW helps
color the cream from the rich grass she
feeds upon, put in as much coloring mat
ter as in mid-winter, and as result have
batter which they are obliged to market
10 the South or sell at a sacrifice in the
Northern markets. This occurs every
spring, and / frequently wonder that the
butter-makers fail into this error every
year. They ought to remember, but they
dent; they only realize it when they get
the returns from the market and the note
from the commission merchant explaining
Why the butter sold under the market
makers receive will eventually make
them careful, and by and By they
will learn that eternal vigilance is the only
true road to success in the dairy. business.
Many have long since learned this, but
there are still very many who have 70
learn, and it is the mission OF the agric9l-
turel press to teach them these lessons by
giving line upon line aud precept upon
precept, here little and there little, uu-
iii all have become familiar with the wants
OF the market and prepare their goods to
meet these wants.
Through the fundamentally of the press
much good has been accomplished, and
much mora can be. The dairy farmers, as
3 rule, are anxious TO learn and improve !;
the manufacturers of butter aud cheese
will be forced to learn il they are not anx'
ious TO do so, because the Tow prices they
receive viii be an incentive to improve.
American manufacturers can learn valu-
able lesson from their Canadian neigh
bOrs in this particular. The Canadi-
ans are making cheese which sells
readily IN all the markets of the world,
and their success is owing, in large meas
ure, to the instructions they have received
from public lectures and the press. Too
many Of our American butter makers con-
tent themselves with the reputation
achieved in past years, and make no effort
to improve Competition is sharp, and
none can afford to sit down and rest upon
laurels won years ago. Advancement Is
the order of the day, and those who do not
sdvsnce can not keep up with the process
sion, but Will be crowded to the rear by
their more enterprsing and far-seeing con-
petitors. Let your aim be to make an
article that the market demands and let it
be Of the best possible quality.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29

the space between the rows cultivated. and
manure worked in, so as TO benefit the
crop for next season. Cat away the run
ners If they become too numerous.
TO have fine turf the grass should be
sufficiently vigorous TO reqaire moving g.
least once week. To NOW often and leave
the clippings is better than 10 let the grass
get so large that il must be raked up and
removed. Remove all perennial weeds by
the roots.
Guiness and turkeys are excellent for
agers and destroy large number OF In
sects u q season.
There are good and rich mixers in all
breeds of cows-only and always except
ing the pump-handle breed.
Begin bee keeping with one or two colo
MES and study the subject as you enlarge
and extend the business.
The man who warns himself up every
morning grooming his horses viii be well
remunerated for his trouble.
Better late than never. Clean out the
cellar and clear up the yard, if these mat
tiers are not already attended to.
The stems of roses having borne blooms
should be cut back 10 a strong bud, which
will soon push out new stems.
Dsndelions for greens are raised by
the acre around Boston, holding the first
rank on the list Of spring greens.
Sluggish horses are generally made so by
the way they are handled. a lazy man is
pretty sure to have lszy horses.
There is no one thing that is so much re-
quired nowadays on the average farm as to
thoroughly systematic labor.
You can not grow plants with "wet
feet" Farmers had therefore better have
tiles IN the ground than on their heads.
A new. cheap and effective insect.kilI
is composed OF one part muriate Of potash
in LOCO parts of water.
Most farmers can keep few hives of bees
to advantage. Honey, like fruit, should
be often found on the farmers table.
The more an acre win produce the larger
the profit, and the better you cultivate an
acre the more it will produce.
During April 94.567 packages of eggs
year ending april 80. 1861, O57 packages.
Grade cattle, the product of polled bulls
whether Aberdeen-ADgus, Galloway OF
Norfolk-seld0m or never have horns.
If you wish to raise good many fowl:
| you must keep them in separate small
hocks. Large numbers DO not flourish well
together.
| When the COCKS have been picking each
other until the combs and wattles bleed
| profusely, pour strong alum water over
| their heads, which will cause the bleeding
| to cease.
Copperss is a splendid medicine to keer
| on hand for poultry. When they have the
| roup wash their heads with a solution o.
it and put some OF the solution in the
drinking water as a tonic. 1t provide!
them with solute iron, which is necessary
If the calves and pigs were compelled tC
forage for a living, like the hens. they
| would soon become a nuisance and fail t.
| psy, yet the hen is sometimes expected Il
lay under the most adverse condition. i
she is to pay profit she must receive the
| attention necessary to enable her to per
form all that may be required of her.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29

into any fancy molds which you may
have, previously wettiDg them with cold
water. Serve with cream and powdered
sugar.
Raspberry Vinegar.-Mash two quarts Of
raspberTies in an earthen vessel, put them
in q large stone bottle or jar, pour into
them two quarts Of good wine vinegar
cork the jar slightly and let the juice dis
till in the sun or warmth for two or three
weeks; then filter clear and bottle it, cork
ing it well.
Orange Sirup for 0rangeade.-Raspt the
peel of s dozen sweet and two Seville
oranges with one pound of lump sugar.
Rinse the oranges in basin of cold water
and use this to moisten the sugar before
boiling. When the strip is well boiled and
quite clear proceed as in the recipe for
lemonade.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
Killed His Best Friend.

ST. LOUIS, June 23.-W. T. Grigsby, pro-
pristor Of the Unique sample rooms, be-
came suddenly insane last night from
leaning on bis safe fe1- before a crowd of
friends, toying with q 45-calibre revolver,
making elaborate prepare lions for suicide,
and keeping the crowd at bay with the
weapon, threatening to kill anyone that app
preached. D. B. Kennedy, his best friend,
came into the saloon at the time, and, run
ming toward Griesby, said: "He shsnt be
allowed TO kill himself, poor fellow; 1 will
save him." Not needing the command to
halt, Kennedy pressed on, and was shot
through the heart The manisc realized
what he had done, sank to the floor, help
less, moaning: 1.-THE gsllows the gallows,
en- going to the gsllows" He is now a
raYing maniac.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
Thnrourh work.

There is little use to hope for success
without using proper efforts In the grow
ing of crops there must be g suitable prepa-
ration CT SOL, and if there are cultivated
crops the soil must be well worked.
We have in mind field planted to C Urn
1t was well plowed, thoroughly MANFRED,
ard the planting properly attended to,
but the crop was heed only once. The
early growth was vigorous and promising,
bat the failure 10 hoe the second time
caused a partial failure in the caring.
y neighbor thought 70 secure crop OF
rye by sowing cornheld after simply har-
rowing the field on the removal Of the corn,
and the present condition fully shows the
lack OF suitable seed bed. The rye is thin
and small, short growth, while the other
aud well prepared fields show the plant six
feet in height, with heads fully developed
and promising n good crop upon soil no
better than tie field first named. There is
no kind of business that shows neglect
sooner than farming.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
CoInrtnr Inter.

correspondence Practical Farmer
Since dairying became special business
those who have engaged in it have studied
the little arts and devices whereby they
may make a success OF il, and this has
been carried on to such an extent that bu--
ter-makiDg in creameries, ss we'll a. in some
of TIE private diaries, is reckOned as fine
art, md those who wish to excel in the
b1siness-desiTe good pay for their labor
spare 20 paIns TO place on the market an
article that will meet the requirements OF
the most fsstidious taste. Among these re-
quileuie9ts Of late years is colOring oatter,
against Sbich some Of the slow-going peo-
pie rail <-:Id denouuce rs fraud. whereas the
coloriDg matter is as harmless as tue
butter Itself. The market discr inmates
against the lzfd-like looking butter, and
casts suspicious eyes toward it, while the
eveasy colored butter is attractive 10 the
eye and Will draw q larger figure from the
customer. The coloriDg matter now used
IL perfectly harmless, helps sell the butter
and pleases both the maker and the Gus
toner. 6zHz7
People, as q rule, do not object TO this
1ittle DECEPTION. but on the contrary prefer
II. Until the advent of the creamery sys-
tenn June butter, with its natural golden
tint. given IL by the luxuriant grass. wss In
good demand, being packed for winter uss
Nov, vbeiI June-looking butter can be
made n midwinter az easily IS In midsum-
meT, June butter has no greater demand
rs rule. than that made Ia any other
month. Tie markets differ in the shade Of
the color Boston asks for a pale stray
color. New York deeper color, and as we
80 South the hue deepens until New Or
ieans is reached. where an almost brick
red Is best suited to the taste. These
peeulisrities are catered to by the Western-
butter mailer until he can tell at a glance
The sliade desired for each market. How.
eyers IS The grass crop comes On some max
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
Sailing WnoI.
Earn. Field and stoekman.l

a
IL makes g considerable difference in the
price received for wool whether &c is put
upOn the market in good condition or not.
Its condition largely determines the value
or price, and the price We receive deter.
mines the amount OF profit reaiiz 81 from
the sheep. When good, common wool.
such as We may expect to secGre from the
average farmer, is selling at 20s, dirty, { lg-
gy, bury wool sells at DC or 13c, and from
that up, depending largely, OF course, upon
the condition it is in.
There IS no excuse for tags. Tsey can be
taken of before the sheep are turned out
.upOn the pasture in the spring or, II neg
'lecte6 at thai time il can be done wasl
You shear them. There is no possible gain
in leaving tatm in. The package more
than overDalsDces the increased weight De-
cause the buyer takes into consideration
the labor OF taking them out, and is sure 20
overestimste thier weight. The farmsr can
better afford to take them out than 10 let
them remain on. Sheep should by sll
means be kept away from bUrs. Any one
who has ever tried picking them out IL gen.
erally well satisfied that it is s0methiag OF
q task, and II only adds to the cost; there
is 10 possible benefit. BGrs are loss, and
that Is against our interests.
Again, it is necessary to keep each fleece
separate. Roll tight together and tie with
bAC c4lC nc&-b u TIC chlu UuL. ~ AIe
shezring IN a clean place so there will be
10 unnecessary trash Clean wool, properly
tied up tight and snug, that when opened
out shows 10 tags, burs or trash, will sell
at the best market price always. Every
sheep breeder realizes that generally this
kind Of stock has paid very small profit;
many, Ia fact. have not been able TO realize
any profit, and others have abandoned the
business on this account. Much of this is,
no doubt, due to q want OF proper care and
feed, and to failure to send the wool to
market il a condition that viii insure the
highest price. Even with low prices, those
who keep their sheep in good condition,
so that coed growth is secured, and also
take proper care ia marketing fad they
have been able to realize but small profit
a difference of > cents Per pound oa
eacn fleece may make the differ
cree between realizing aproit and
sustaining a loss. n very manv cases
the greater portion of this dinerenc &c
is based upon the condition in the prepa,
ration Of the wool for market.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1887-06-29
TIMELY FARM TOPICS.
Brssdirg American Horsss-Sslling Wool
fnrss Wssds-0Fohsrd Ensmiss.
Returning Straw to the Laud-Tobacco-
Deep Ploughing- Household Hints
stock a2d Farm Notes.
Breeding American Horses.


When the breeder seeks to create a fam
lily bis first care must be 70 place his stock
on lard suited TO their peculiarities Sad
Gle horses are best reared on broken, hilly
ground, for the habit OF sure-footedness il
lnsures. Harness horses require for their
development q rolling country, the mod
crate irregularities OF which give good knee
actor and render them able in after DAYS
to chserfulIy breast hill. On no account
should rich, deep, alluvial soil be chosen
to breed saddle horses on. Having &C.
cured q desirable tract of land, the
breeder next must decide what class
OF horses he intends TO produce il
saddle horses the sire should be an Anglo
Arabian; color, dark bay, dapple brown
or black; in conformation the build
should be close knit, the head handsome,
with the dish face OF the Arab; the ears
small and pointed, the ewes prominent and
full OF Intelligence; the forehead wide, the
nuzzle 50 small that he could drink from
q trmbler; tie neck long and graceful. cut
II at the throttle; this will insure his get
sgainst being pulle7s; the lips, when at rest,
6Tm Y clOsed the back short and straight
the withers rather low and round, the
forearm and hInd quarters muscular; the
rlcs deep, the knees large and fist, the
crown hone short, the foreleg measuring at
least eight and One-hslf inches under the
krfd the height not to exceed fifteen
hands three inches the horse well broken,
end ridden in difficult ground, a steepIs-
chaser would be the most desirable of all
thorOughbreds, as bis education would be
transmitted to his progeny, in so far that
they would be more readily taught than
other horses. Ih3 dams should be selected
for stot.ness OF constitution, docility Of
temper, perfect sounduess and abun daut
good looks; highly, but not clean bred.
The sire, to produce stately harness horses,
should also be Thoroughbred; for heavy
harIess work, sixteen hands would not be
too high, when combined with the size
and symmetry of form. The first cross OF
such 3 sire from cIean-bred ClydesdaIe or
PsTcberon mares, gives excellent results.