davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

suppressed by the police with great difficulty
In February, 1885, the workmen at the Nc
Cormick factory struck, and Pinkertons
men were employed to defend the property,
and there was riot. On May l, 1886, the
worliingmen of Chicago, with few excep-
tons, carried out their plan of general
strike for an eight hour day. The strike was
we'll managed and partially successful. On
May 3 August Spies delivered fierce philip
pic against the non-union men still employed
at the Mccormick works, and there was an
encounter between the ''scabs" and police on
one side and the strikers on the other A
short and terrible fight occurred; several
men were killed and many more wounded in
various degrees. From the battle ground
August Spies hurried TO the Office of The
Arbeiter Zeitung, wrote and had printed and
distributed the noted revenge circular
On Nay there was rioting nearly all day
on Blue Island avenue, near the Mccormick
works. The First regiment was ordeyed to
be in readiness at its armory and the entire
police force was kept in instant readiness.
The Arbeiter Zetung of that morning urged
destructive action, and the Anarchists were
busy among the strikers all day, Thousands
of copies of the following notice were scat
tered through the city,
ATTENTION, woRKISGnEN!
Great mass meeting tonight at 1880 o'clock at
the Uaymarket, Randolph street, between Des-
PLANES and Halstead. Good speakers will be
present to lenounce the latest atrocious acts of
the police-the shooting of our fellow workmen
Yesterday afternoon. Workingnen, arm your
selves and appear in full force
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

The agitation growing out of the attempt
to enforce the eight hour law led directly to
the tragedy As early as May, 1884, the or
ganized workingmen of Chicago gave notice
that on the lst of May, 1856, they would in
sist upon the general observance of the law.
It is not necessary TO detail the numerous
strikes and occasional riots of the following
two years in various sections of the country;
suffice it, that each one was eagerly seized
upon by the anarchists as fresh proof that
capital was crushing labor
On April rs, 1EsJ, the now board of trade
building was formally opened; there was a
somewhat riotous popular demonstration
against it, and Fielden and Parsons addressed
the assemblage in language more inflamma-
tory than ever before. In July, 1885, there
was general strike of street car employees.
One riot was excited which was only
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18


retired at 80 p. m., and at 10 a. IN. next
day, Aug. 20, returned a verdict of guilty
against all the defendants, with a sentence of
fifteen years in the penitentiary for Oscar
Neebe, and death for the other seven,
The trial began and ended with sensations,
On the first day A. r, Parsons, who had
escaped and been in hiding, walked into the
courtroom, announced his voluntary SUR
render and took his place in ths donL with
his friends. At the close, when asked by the
court if they had aught TO say why sentence
of death should not be pronounced, they all
made long addresses those of Parsons and
Fielden being the best, That of Spies con-
sisted of pleading and defiance, reasoning ON
liberty and quotations from Scripture In
the course of his remarks he spoke of Christ
as Socialist Schwab and Neebe gave ar
guments against the regularity of the trial
| Fielden excited some astonishment by say,
ing: "The great Socialist, Jesus Christ, said
1900 years ago; Better that ninety-nint
| guilty men should go unpunished than thai
one innocent man should suffer-" Juds'
| Gary then sentenced the seven men to u
hanged.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

,suon OF tfe most sncrtu rgnts or cte people
Your decision in that event will not only Judge
me, but also yourself and those whom you repre-.
''. Ps"in order to be sure tbnt tSs letter t vim
come to your official notice, I will send you the
original manuscript rs registered letter.
GEORGE rNeEL's LETTER.
Dear 6ir--1, George Enfcl, citizen Of Tho United
States and of Chicago, and condemned 10 death,
the highest executive officer Of the state OF illi-
nos, to commuis my sentence Of death TO inn
prisonment protest emphatically against this
lam not aware of having violated any laws OF
this country. In my firm belief in the constitu-
tion which the founders OF this republic be.
queathed TO this people, and which remains un-
altered, have exercised the right of free Speech
free press, free thoeght and free assemblage, as
guaranteed by the constitution, ard have criti-
eised the existing condition of society and sue
cored my fellow citizens with my advice, which
regard as the right OF every honest citizen. The
experience which have had In this country, dur
ing the fifteen years that have lived here, con-
cerning the ballot aud the administration, Of our
public functionnries who have become totally cor.
rupt. have cradionted my belief In the existence OF
equal rights of orand rich. and the action OF the
public officers, police and militia have produced
the firm belief In me that these conditions cannot
last long. In accordance with this experience I
have taught and advised, This | have done in
good faith OF the rights which are guaranteed by
the constitution, and, not being conscious Of my
guilt, the powers that be- may mur,ler me. but
they cannot legally punish me. protest against
a commutation Of my sentence, and demand
either liberty or death. renounce any kind Of
mercy. Respectfully, GEORGE ENoEL.
SPIES DEFENsE.
The defense Of August Spies may be found
in many sentences of his letters TO Miss Van
Zandt and others, and in his biography and
his notable address to the court before sem
tence was pronounced. In the latter he said,
among other things;
"Your honor, speak as the representative Of
class To the Tpprf sentative of another. | Will
begin with the words uttered by the Venetian
doge Faeri to the council Of ten. MY defense IL
your accusation; the causes of my alleged crime
your history" little later he says: 'The con-
templated murder of eight men, whose only
crime is that they have dared TO speak he truth,
may open the eyes Of the suffering millions, may
wake them up. Indeed, have noticed that our
conviction has worked miracles in this direction
already"
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

reached when 733,992 Europeans landed in
the United States immigration from Eng
land had declined and that from Ireland
fallen to a minimum; but from southern
Germany there was an immense increase,
while eastern Europe sent Poles, Bohemians,
Russians, Hungarians and their congeners by
tens of thousands In many of these people
hatred of government had become heredl-
tary sentiment. Chicago became headquar-
ters for the dscontented and The Arbelter
Zetung Ivorkers' Journal their organ. Then
sprung up in that city the International
Workngmen's association. The platform or
declaration of principles of this organization,
as was testified to at the trial, urged that
"the present system under which properly is
owned by individuals should be destroyed,
and that all capital which has been produced
by labor should be transformed into COM
mon property" The association was divi-
ded into "groups,n of which there were
eighty in the United States in March, 1888,
located principally in the cities of industry.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

tung and The Alarm published many such
sentiments as these:
Daggers aud revolvers are easily to be gotten;
hand grenadcs are cheaply to be produced.
Will the workngmen supply themselves with
weapons, dynamite and prussic acidf
The workingmen ought to take aim at every
member of the militia
And while the writer's acted with what
thew probably considered caution the sneak
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
BILIOUSNESS,

Il unhesiiatingly add my
testimony to the great ben
efits to be derived from Sim
mons Liver Regulator. /
was afflicted for several years
with disordered liver, which
resulted in a severe attack of
Jaundice. I had good medi-
cal attendance, but it failed
to restore me to the enjoy
ment of my former health.
| then tried the most re-
nowned physicians of Louis
vile, Ky, but all 10 no pur
pose, whereupon | was in
duccd TO try Simmons Liver
Regulator. / found immedi-
ate benefit from Its use, and
it ultimately restored me to
the full enjoynent of health
A. II. SHIRLEY, Richmond,
Ky 81 most cheerfully re-
commend it to all who suffer
from bilious attacks or any
disease caused by a disar-
ranged state of the liver. -.
w. r. BERNARr, Kansas
City, Mo.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

The Chicago groups were known as the
North Side, the Northwest Side, the Ameri-
can, the Karl Marx, the Freiheit, the South
west Side and jefferson No l. Schwab,
Neebe and Lingg belonged to the North Side
i'group,n Engel and Fischer to the Northwest
Side, and Spies, Parsons and Ficlden to the
American. There was also an armed social
istic organization called the Lehr und Wehr-
Verein, whose members seem to have also
been members of the International 'sroups,"
but TO have been of IA higher rank
The branch of the International Working
mems association which existed in Chicago
during 1885 and up to May 4, 1886, was com
pact, well disciplined organization, At the
head of it was general or central commit
tee. Next to it came the Lehr und Wehr,
Verein. Then came the EARNED sections" OF
the various ''groups," and then came the un-
armed members OF the ''groups'"
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.

On the day after the tragedy the police de
scended Oh every known Anarchist resort in
Chicago and arrested every suspected man;
before morning many had been dragged from
their beds. Every one in The Arbeiter
Zeitung office was arrested: August Spies,
editor in chief; Christ Spies, his brother;
Michael Schwab, associate editor; Mrs. Eliz-
abeth May Holmes, editorial contributor;
eighteen printers, two reporters and two
messengers. Rudolph Schnaubelt. who, it
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
=
LOUIS LINGG's LETTER.

To Mr.. II. ]. Oglesby, Governor of Illinois:
Anent the fact that the progressive and liberty
loving portion OF the American people are en-
deavoring TO prevail upon you to lnteipose your
prerogative in my case. feel impelled 10 de-
clare, with my friend and comrade Parsons, that
demand either liberty or death. II YOU nre
really a servant Of the people according TO the
constitution of the country, then you Will, by
virtue Of your Office Internationally release me.
Referring To the general and inalienRbe rights
of men, have called upon the disinherted and
oppressed masses to oppose the force OF their op
pressors-exereised by armed enforcement OF in
famous laws enacted in the interest Of capital
with force, in order to attain dignihed and
manly existence by securing the full returns Of
their labor, This-and only this-s the crime
which was proven against me, Notwithstanding
the employment Of periured testimony on the
part of the state And this crime Is guaranteed
not only as a right, but a duty, by the Ameri,
can constitution the representative Of which you
are supposed to be In the state OF Illinois,
But II you are not the representative OF the
constitution, like the great majority, Of ONCE
holders, mere tool OF the monopolists or a
specific political clique, you will not encroacli
upon the thirst for blood displayed by the ex.
tortioners, because mere mitigation Of the yeI.
| dict would be eowardioe and proof that the
| ruling classes which you represent are them
l selves abashed at the monstroslty Of my con
1 aemnaton. and, consequently, Of bsir own VIC
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

The usual application for new trial was
filed and the entire method of the trial re-
argued for several days. The application be-
ing refused, an appeal was taken to the
supreme court of Illinois, and once more the
whole case was thoroughly argued. 1t Is
needless to detail the legal steps; suffice it
that so much time was consumed that the
case did not reach the supreme court till
March II, 1887, Then Messrs. Grinnell,
Walker, Ingham and Attorney General
Hunt, for the state, and Messrs. Black, Salo-
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18


was afterw ard
claimed, threw the
bomb, was among
those arrested, but
the evid @ n C Q
against him was
not deemed sum'
cient to hold him
and he was re.
leased. He imme-
diately left Ameri. .
ca and is now sup
posed to be in Ger
m any. A d dip h
Fischer was one of
theprinters, and on
his person when ar
rested were fOynd
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

a 44-caliber revolver and a peculiar knife
made from fiat file. All were released af-
ter the inquest except Schwab, Fischer and
August Spies. The condemned and some
others were held without bail. May II, the
grand jury met and listened to a charge by
the late Judge Rogers; on the 21th they
handed in indictments against the men since
condemned and Anton Hirschburger and
John APPEL besides On making up his case
the prosecutor nollied the indictments
against the last two, the evidence being in
sufficient. On the 21st of June the trial be-
gan before Judge Gary. Three weeks and
three days were consumed in making up
jury; 1881 talesmen were examined both
sides exhausting every power the law gave
them. The names of the jury were as fol-
lows;
Frank S. Osborne, foreman; James II. Cole,
Scott G. Randall, Theodore L, Denkcr, Charles b.
Todd, Andrew Hamilton, Charles A. Ludwig
James H. Brayton, Aanson H. Reed, John b.
Grcnier, George W. Adams, Howard I. Sanford
The trial lasted from July Is to Aug. 20 in
elusive and attracted the attention of the
civilized world-scarcely more by the impor-
tance of the issues than by the abilities Of
the counsel On behalf of the state appeared
States Attorney Julius S. Grinnell, assisted
by Messrs, Frank Walker, Edmund Furth-
man and George G. Ingham; for the accused,
Capt W. p. Black, Moses Solomon, w. A.
Foster and Sigmund Zeisler. The jury
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

in many cities by reason of her speeches in
his behalf Mrs. Schnaubelt, mother of the
alleged bomb thrower, and Mrs, Schwab, her
daughter, were recently brought into special
prominence by reason of the elder lady's visit
10 America and the rumor that she had
brought with her full statement of the
facts in the case from her son, Spies, Fielden
and Schwab finally signed petitions for
;ommutation. All these things can only
be alluded to here. Among other cuts we
give portrait of Sheriff Matson, of Cook
county, Ills, who, by virtue of his Office, has
charge of all executions in Chicago
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

mon, Zeisle: asi leonard SWEET, for the de-
fense, discussed the issues as to whether the
court below had erred, whether the Anar-
chists had been legally condemned to death
for mere conspiracy, whether the jury was
properly constituted and many others
The weight Of argument before the
supreme court turned upon the proper con
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

hAAN
length. Spies and
Parsons have writ
ten auto b 10 g.
raphies, and the
condemned nj @ n,
their families and
Miss Nina Van
Zandt, who mar
ried Spies S by
proxy, have been
the objects of gen.
eral att n / o II
since the tragedy.
Dusky Mrs. Par
son S, W h o h a 8
worked so hard
for her husbands
life, has become
personally known
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
STATIONS.

Connections at Rupert with Phladelphia
Reading Raiiroad for 1amanend 1ameqna, VIII
iamsport, sunbury, Pot syl le, tc, Az Nothuni-
ierland with r. q K. DIV l.. Il. X for Harrisburg,
LOCK Haven, Emporium, Warren, CORY ana hf'e'
W. y. HALsTKAD, Gen. Nan;
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS.

that it has no jurisdiction, as the questions
as to violating the national constitution were
not raised or argued in the Illinois court.
Therefore, a writ of error could not issue.
OF the various appeals and petitions and
meetings protesting against the execution OF
tbe Anarchists we have not room to speak at
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
Judgment of the Illinois Courts Affirmed
by the Nations Supreme Tribunal.
ANARCHY IN AMERICA.

DON after the close
of the civil war in
the United States
immigration, al
ways of no mean
proportio n 8, in
creased rapidly.
1t was then the
American publ o
first began to hear
much of commun-
ism, socialism and
anarchism. In 1889
,bo ,,,oyiD1i,rn yyaa
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

ers used language
Of a very inflam.
matory character.
Still, though one Of
the Chicago papers
had predicted seri-
GUS trouble, the
meetings were not
suppre ssed. But
FIR @ d rick Ebcr-
sold, superintend-
ent, and John Bon
field, inspector Of
police, were well
:, aware of the extent
J of the discomfort
and made the most
- a.. a
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

the alley and thence little ball rose In curve
over the wagon and fell between the second
and third companies of police There was a
binding flash, an explosion that was heard
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
THE ANARCHISTS SIDE.

Perhaps tho best possible summary of the
Anarchists defense of their action and their
belief is found in the letters addressed by the
condemned to Governor Oglesby, of Illinois,
extracts from which are given:
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

NhA - - - ~
in 1857, enlisted in
the Twelfth Illinois
at the outbreak Of
the war, and served
till the last Confed-
crate had laid down
his arms. He went in
as q corporal and
came out a captain.
July 8, 1867, he was
first enrolled as n po-
liceman, and in Oc-
tober, 1895, he was ut
the head of the force.
In the army he was
100 days under fire
in battle or skirmish.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

Capt. John Bonfeld, who
sihility on the night of the
OF the previous riot, was
Brunswick, his father bein
NIan latei, arrived in that
family iEoved to Chicago.
the trade Of a machinist al
locomotive engineer. In Is
man and rose rapidly in ra
superintendent of Police
was born in Bavaria IN 1871
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18
THE CONDEMNED MEN.

THE CONDEMNED MEN.
Brief biographical sketches of the con
demned are here given;
August Theodore Vincent Spies pronounced
Spees) is credited with being the brains Of the
movement He has given his experience in an
autobiography which is regarded as the work OF
q genius by his friends, and as eloquent insanity
In print" by those who are opposed TO him. lie
vas born Dec 10, 1855, in the "old robbers castle
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

So say society may hang number Of disci
pies of progress who have disinterestedy served
the cause of the sons Of toll, which is the cause
of humanity, but their blood will work miracles
In bringing about the downfall Of modern society
and in Fastening the birth of new era of ciyill-
zation.
Magma est veritas ct prevalebet.
ADoIPH FISCHER.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1887-11-18

d"hi = VI tiit tN NetiAe
of the discomfort
and made the most
/, meet the outbreak
assumed the respon-
iragedy, as on the day
born in 1895 In New
a County Clare Irish
province. In 1874 tine
where Johs lca:ned
! aftcrward Gtca;nc a
4 lie became u police.
k.
Frederick j. Ebcrsold
emigrated to Illinois
Wichita eagle., 1887-05-26
Sight and Smell of Birds.

n hawk can spy a lark upon piece Of
earth almost exactly the same color at
twenty times the distance it is perceptible
TO a man or dog; kite soaring out of hui
man sight can still distinguish and pounce
upon lizards and field mice on the ground;
and the distance At which vultures and
eagles can spy out their prey is almost
incredible. Recent discoveries. and eS-
peciauy Darwin's observations. have
inclined naturalists TO the belief that
birds Of prey have not the acute
sense Of smell with which they were once
accredited. Their acute sight seems bet
ter to account for their actions, and they
appear to be guided by sight alone, as
they never sniff st anything, but dart
straight at the object Of their desire.
Their counterparts in the ocean, however,
undoubtedly see and smell equally well.
but are more guided by smell than sight
In both sharks and rays the eyes are
good. and have q most distinct expression:
though since they scent their prey from
distance, and swim up to il with great
rapidity, smell" as L-acepede says,
may be called their real eye Cham
bers' Journal
In New York city It Is not the proper
thing to part the tails Of your dress coat
when you cit down. An observing young
man recently saw the Prince Of Wales,
while holding a cane and Q bouquet In one
hand and his hat in the other, sit down
without looking after his coat tails, hence
the fashion
Wichita eagle., 1887-05-26

1t is surprising, when we think Of the
many roots and herbs possessing medical
virtues, that more Of them are not sought
out by chemists and scientists, and by ex-
pertinent their properties made known to
the medical profession Some Of them are
used as household remedies by the na-
tives, and yet they cannot be found In our
materia medica- There are millions OF
dollars in our roots and herbs, II only
practical and scientific men would 60 to
work and discover their peculiar properties
and give them to the medical world. A
case in point is the use Of the roots Of the
red bay, which is one Of the standard ''old
woman remedies for Allaying violent tn
Examinations, and for that purpose will
probably surpass anything known to the
physician 1t is said that when decoc-
ton is made by boiling the roots and mix
ing meal with it, it never fails TO subdue
the most violent Observation-Disclosures
fla News.
Wichita eagle., 1887-05-26
Sugar for Animals.

It appears there is much more nourish-
ment in sugar than has been generally
suspected Recent experiments with ami
mails have shown that sugar can be con-
verified into beef and fat. Sugar has be-
come so cheap in Europe that it has been
fed out to cattle quite freely. In one
series of experiments it was proved that
fifty kilos of sugar increased a single ami
mails weight nearly sixteen kilos more
than if the animal had no sugar This gives
a very handsome profit, and the meat from
these animals was found to be of Il very
superior quality. Five or six pounds Of
sugar a day was all that an OK would take
with zest. Unlike children, the young
cattle had but little desire for sweets
Heretofore it has been supposed that sugar
was merely heat producing, but it seems,
under the subtle chemistry of nature, to
be convertible into good flesh and blood.
1t is, however, no more wonderful than
that the honey which the bees extract
from flowers can be converted into wax
Wichita eagle., 1887-05-26
How to Glue Woodwork.

Experienced woodworkers have always
contended that glue joint, properly done,
is stronger than the wood itself. And
yet the experience of amateur workers is
that joints often give way at the surface
where the glue is used, which is allowed
for the bad material. A lack Of skill is
frequently the true cause. In glueing
wood it Is asserted by competent author
ity, bad work is produced by apply
ing glue to both surfaces; a good
Job is secured by applying the glue
hot, but not extremely 20, to one surface,
which should be cold, while the other sur
face should be heated at the stove, but
should have no glue upon it. By this
method the glue will permeate the wood
and bind the surface together firmer than
nature binds the fibers