davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

meantime, Wnero was lIeef
The war had up to that time been chiefly
waged in what was regarded as Confederate
territory Stonewall Jackson had long been
eager to change this tactics and carry the
war into Union territory. Both he and Lee
had been casting an eye over Maryland,
Why not cross tho Potomac into Maryland
y one of Jackson's famous foot cavalry
marches, subsist on the country and threaten
Washington from the north:
There was feeling in the south thai Mary
J Il, geographically, polii ally crd socially,
,e.ongel - the Confeder. +. The state con-
tanned many secession ,,r.pathizers, 1t was
believed that the scat Of Lee and Jackson
ana the stars and bars once within their hor-
ders would rousc all the Confederate cnthC-
siasn tha5 slumbcred in the breasts Of the
Marylanders.
Gems. Lee and Jackson resolved TO invade
Maryland. Lee issued a proclamation to tho
people of that state, telling them that be was
coming among them to aid them in throwing
OFF that foreign yoke which had inflicted such
wrongs and outrages upon the citizens Of a
commonwealth allied to the states of the
south bv the strongest ties.
Col. Bradley johnson, a Confederate Mary
lander, was authorized to get recruits for the
southern army in his native state. lle invited
his fellow citizens to join the Confederate
ranks. "we have arms for you,' he said.
Let each man provide himsslf with stout
pair of shoes a good blanket and tin cup,
Jacksons nsn have no baggage
Lee only waited for d. II. Hills brigsdci
from Richmond to join him, thus Increasing
his battle worn and storm bsst,n army some
what; ton, September 2, he pushed on to-
wards the Posonae and tho nsrth. jackson
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

went first, sweeping swiftly forward. lie
forded the river at Point of Rocks thirty
miles below Harpcrs Ferry, and raised the
Confederate flag in Maryland
When jackson reached midstream crossing
the Potomac, it reused all the suppressed en-
thusiasm of his nature. He paused Il mo-
mcnt gazed across TO the northern shore and
waved his hat His soldiers caught the move
ment; cheer on cheer rent tue air, the bands
struck up Maryland, My Maryland" and
ten thousand voices caught the refrain. SO
the Confederate army entered Maryland.
Lee followed Immediately behind jackson.
The Confederate army amounted to about
10000 men in all. They advanced swiftly on
the town Of Frederick, Md, reaching and
taking possession of it September Il.
1.-THE Lord bless your ragged, dirty souls"
said a jealous southern woman to the adj
vance.
The march had been so rapid that thou
sands dropped by the way and only G0O00
entered Frederick If there had been any
thing triumphant or spectacular in their ap-
pearance, had they come with waving ban
ners and snow white plumes and shining Lew
uniforms, they would have obtained far more
recruits for the southern army. The instinct
for the dramatic, the poetic and the pictur-
esque, ever alive in the southern breast,
would not have been appealed to in vain.
But Lees men, brave and tried soldiers
though they were, We're dirty and ragged and
hungry, Many of them had no shoes, and
marched with bleeding feet and travel stained
garments. 1t was not very poetic, neither
inviting. The recruits Lee and jackson had
fondly hoped for were rot obtained in any
great numbers. When it came to
the scratch, Maryland seemed more Fed
eral than Confederate, yet it was at
Frederick that the incident which gave
rise TO Whittiar,s noon of "Hnrhnrn Eriet:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

Wnen lue uSullnS
began, but when the war note sounded ts,y
old military instinct stirred within them, ttSa
old military habit dominated them again
and they fastened to tender their services fgc
the contest.
Gen. Richardson was in both the Seninors
and Mexican wars and in all the hardefa
fighting of the Army of the Potomac up ~.
his death. He had only been appointed r.
major general July 4, 1862 He was actively
engaged at South Mountain throo days hes-
fore receiving the mortal wound at Antietarrl.
He did not die at once, but fingered i'll SUI
ferng state at Fry's house, McClellan's heat
quarters. whittier he was carried from tna
field. lie died Nov. 9.
Brig. Gen George B. Anderson's dealt
caused profound regret on the Condolences
side. He was yet a young man. He was 'r
the Confederate center, and was mort2lly
wounded shortly after the fatal shot strucA
Gen. Richardson on the Union side.
The brigade CT Gen. Roger a. Pryor, vh!
tool; his division commanders place after the
latter was wounded. participated in the ter
rible fighting at the sunken road.
The career of Gen. Roger A. Pryor Is G.
notable instance of the changes time has
brought about. 4 native of Dinviddit
county, Va, he was one Of the most zealous
of COutederates. He went i'll person TO SoutG
Carolina to urge on the secession cause to this
point of war lie fought for the Confederacy
both in its armies and in it's congress Once
during the war he was car :ured hy the Ted
erals and imprisoned in Fort Lafayette.
And now, twenty five years after lie torGhc
the North in the bloody batt" Of AntictUm
he finds himself engaged in Il I"ac .ful and lre
crative law practice in New York city
! ba,, bac lie hoy g.
| pleasure trip in summer, or steams out OK
New York harbor i'll an iron ship for longer
journey across the Atlantic, as lie gides past
the Narrows, his eyes rest upon the greco
earthworks of old Fort Lafay cite, where he
was prisoner nearly quarter of a century
ago.
Very different was that utter lrrcconci'ablo
Robert Toonbs, who also bore his shar2 'hx
bloody day at Sharpsburg. Us l.iEaN. vas
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

attached to McClelan's reorganized Army OF
the Potomac he commanded what was called
the Kanawha division in Reno's Ninth corps.
AT South Mountain Reno was killed and
the full command of the corps devolNcd on
Cox. Gen. Cox was made a major general
after the Atlanta campaign. AT the battle OF
Franklin, Tenn, he rode forward with a
drawn sword in his hand and rallied his men.
He was governor of Ohio in 1865 and United
States secretary of the interior in lsGA lie
is at present engaged in legal practice in ONO
and is president of the board of managers of
the Cincinnati university. He is man of
commanding presence and distinguished legal
and literary ability. He has written several
books and pamphlets on war history, one vol
ume being devoted TO the Atlanta campaign.
Maj. Gen. Reno, the Ninth corps COM
mander, came up to the scene of the lighting
late in the afternoon, and had scarcely
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

Gen. Julius White was at Martinsburg,
Va, a Federal outpost some miles away,
with $500 men.
Military critics from the safe distance both
of time and space say now that when news
came that Lees whole army was in that
vicinity, though on the Maryland side of the
Potomac, the garrison at 1Iarper's Ferry
should have either been strengthened or the
place evacuated and tha troops sent to join
the main Union army Neither was done, al
though Mcclellan had recommended that the
Ferry should be abanitNed, as it was Of nc
great strategic Importance. But Gen. Hal
leck thought Iarper's Ferry must be held at
all hazard, just Lee thought it must be
taken at all hazard.
Lees special order No. 1917 informed
Mcclellan that jackson was to cross the Po-
tomac and take possession of Martinsburg,
Va, and the Baltimore and Ohio railroad at
that point. McLaws was to take possession
of Maryland heights, then of the town Of
Harper's Ferry, opposite. Walker was to
cross The Potomac below Harper's Ferry,
move up the Virginia side and possess him.
self of Loudon heights and cooperate with
McLaws. BY referring to the map the reader
will see where the points named are situated.
The story may be told briefly Harper's
Ferry vas surrendered to the Confcderates
Sept. II, with all the garrison, except the
cavalry, which had escaped. There was
sharp fighting. Col. Miles received a wound
from which he died next day. At the APP
proach of Jackson Gen. White with his little
command had left Martinsburg and joined
Miles at Ilarper's Ferry, Miles being
wounded, it was White who surrendered the
garrison by advice of council of war. There
have been few points OF controversy during
our civil war more hotly discussed than
whether Miles should have surrendered Har-
per's Ferry, The surrounding heights COM
manded the place completely, and these
speedily fell into possession Of the Confeder-
ates, because Miles had not men enough to
man them.
After Col. Miles dea h his actionSn yield
ing up Harper's Ferry wa. ccnsured by the
government, Gen. Julius White, in recent
number of The Century, asks those who still
find fault with the surrender to explain how
a garrison of raw recruits, under fire for the
first time, could hold three square miles
against veteran soldiers three times their
number, and occupying positions which COM
manded the whole field.
Col. Miles had sent urgent messages both
to Halleck and Mcclellan that he could not
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

Held. nat, per-
haps, is enough to know. He was born in
Pennsylvania in 1925 ana appointed lowest
Point when only II years old. Both Gen.
Mcclellan and Stonewall jackson were his
classmates at West Point. He served with
distinguished bravery in the Mexican war
and was wounded at Chapultepec. He was
assistant professor of mathematics at West
Point for a time. During his brief career in
the civil war he came into honorable notice
whenever fighting was to be done. He
served with the army in the east
Before the battle Of South Mountain Lees
army was widely scattered. Mcclellan had
nearly 100000 men at his command, Lee less
than $1,000 all told Mcclellan recognized
the situation, and made known his intention
to "cut the enemy in two and beat him in de-
tail" Gen. Longstreet was at Hagerstown
with his men, and between that and Harper's
Ferry, in Virginia, Lees lines were stretched
out very thin.
II McClellan's army could pass through
Turner's Gap in Sonth Mountain, he would
have Lees army really cut in two, the forces
of Lorgstreet and D. II. Hill being on his
right, the rest OF them, fully half, around
Harper's Ferry. Movement with all speed
was demanded.
Sept 10, Lee heard that the Union army
was approaching Turner's Gap Hill was
faced about to meet them, and delay them
until Lees forces could put themselves to-
gether again. Hill left Boonsboro with all
haste, and marched up South Mountain to
Turner. Gap He reached the top in the
early morning of the 14th.
Another Sunday battle was that of South
! Mountain. Fox's Gap was pass through
which what was called the old Sharpsburg
road passed. and the next battle after South
Mountain was to be fought at Sharpsburg.
Gen. Garland's Confederate brigade met
Cox's advance at Fox's Gap. Garland him
self was killed about 10 o'clock, CALAMITY
fighting and his brigade routed. He was yet
young man, and his death was greatly Ia
mented at tho south.
In the fight at Foxs Gap the advance line
Of CoI's brigade was the Twenty-thrd Ohio
regiment led by Lieut.. Col r. b. Hayes
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16
Potomac.

1t will be seen from the map that the An
tietam is n creek which flows nearly due south
through Maryland to the westward of and
nearly parallel with the South Mountain.
Across Antietam creek, and on its west side,
is the village of Sharpsburg Along Antie-
tam creek and in and around Sharpsburg the
bloody battle Of the 18th of September was
fought between the forces of Lee and Nc
Clelan.
The intervening days had given Lees army
time to collect itself Harper's Ferry sur
rendered to jackson on the 18th, and imme-
diately he and Gen. Walker, with all their
forces, set out by swift marches to join Lee
and relieve him of his peril. They crossed
the Potomac to the Maryland side at the
Shepherdstown ford, from which a road led
directly to Sharpsburg.
The Confederates name the battle Of the
18th for the town, Sharpsburg; the Fe1erals
name it Antietam, after the creek. Lees
fighting force at Sharpsburg was only $1,000.
He had entered Maryland Sept. with not
quite $1,000 infantry troops. He had lost
nearly q, 600 men by exhaustion and stray
Cling in those thirteen days. In the battle Of
Antietam Mcclellan had SILICA men, G0000
being engaged in the fight.
Concerning this fight Gen. Longstreet
]
standpoint in his usual free manner.
Speaking of the night Of tie 18th. after Lee
heard of the fall Of Harper's Ferry, he says:
"Right then we should have retired from
Sharpsburg and gone to the Virginia side Of
| the Potomac
Mcclellan followed the retreat Of Hill and
Longstreet on the 10Th. There was a slight
slirmish on the borders of the Antietam on the
18th. During all the 10th both armies were
busy preparing for the tremendous fight
which they knew was impending. BY the
18th the Confederate Gen McLaws too, had
been able to join Lee at Sharpsburg.
The morning Of September II found most
of McClellan's army across the Antietam, or
the same side with the Confederates. Hooker
had crossed first, the afternoon Of the 10th
There was on that day an indecislve brush
between Gems Hooker and Hood. Gen
Hooker's corps formed the extreme Fed
eral right at the battle of Antietam
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

The Confederate brigades of Drayton, Law,
c. Y. Anderson and Hood, of Longstreet's
division, after their arrival fronted Cox Mt
Fox's Gap. On the north, at Turner's Gap,
opposed to Hooker were the brigadcs of
Robes, Colquitt, Garnett and several others.
At Foxs Gap the fight ragged all day. At
Turner's Gap it ragged only during the latter
part Of the afternoon. At both points the
Confcdcrates were beaten.
That nth of September was the day of
mountain gap battles. Down at Champions
Gap there was yet third fight. The Con
federate general, Lafayette McIaws, occu-
pied Maryland Heights, opposite lIarpers
Ferry. 1t was the day before the surrender
of the Ferry.
But Gen McLaws kept strict watch over
Champion Gap, in view of the very con-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

GEN. ROGER A. PRYOR. Not till o'clock
p. m. was the Ninth corps ready for actloT4
By that time the fighting on the Federal lef1s e
was over
There was however, more or less fighting
till dark The battle Of Antietam was tougEK
in woods and corn fields. The hoodiest poe
ton was in the vicinity of peaceful snaS.
white bunker church. little north VI
Sharpsburg. Antietam, too, like Waterloo
had its terrible sunken road. This was q road
to the southeast of bunker church and hs-
tween that and Antietum creek. When t4a
fighting ceased that bloody day the sunksi
road was piled even full with tho bodies o.
Confederate dead
Antietam was n drawn battle. The Faas--
eral forces Were not pushed into action yiEcr+
ously.
Mcclellan had s7.14 men in the battles
Lee had about 10000. Tho Union LOSE VIII
II ,49G, the Confederate loss 10000, IT e.
whole campaign in Maryland tho Fedec1-
army lost IA 200, the Confederates 2,51A:
There was a fearful loss of officers on boTr
sides at Antetam. There was no lighting Jr'
the 18th Of September. Mcclellan was pm
pairing to renew /. on the 10Th. But the nt,-4i
of the 18th the worn and exhausted C1I.l.sLs-
crates folic'l their tents and stole away dc~-x
the Shcpheldstown road and across the Pooe
mac, five miles into Virginia.
The invasion of Maryland was ended
Among officers killed at Antletan ~a''z
some of the bravest and best on both sldes-
Mai Gen. Israel B. Richardson wes orr
whose death was greatly lamented. HIS ~7as
a Nermonter by BIRTH strong cool and coz
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

vicinity of Sharpsburg, and over these Nc
Clellan's fighting men passed.. Hooker
began the battle CALAMITY at dawn on
the 18th, attacking Jackson's command
on the Confederate left. Gen. Lawton
received the first shock Hookers men
carried all before them at first, throw
ing the Confederate left into confusion.
The Federals rent the air with cheers. Hook
er sent to Mansfield for support, and pressed
on. Gen Mansfield responded Immediately,
and was bringing his corps into action when
he fell, mortally wounded At o'clock
Hooker thought the battle Of Antietam
was Won 1t was his understanding that
the action was to be general, that
while he attacked the Confederate left, the
Federal center ald left were to be moved
against the enemy at the same moment. He
had driven back Lawton's division. As far
as was visible Confederates were retreating,
As he was preparing his batteries to sweep
their turned ranks shot struck him and
he was severely wounded. They carried him
Off the field to Mcclelans headquarters, and
Sumner took command But the Confeder-
ates had not been defeated. No general ac-
ton was being fought. Hill, Hood and Stu
art fastened to tho relief of Jackson, and in
turn routed utterly Hooker's corps, now de-
prived of their commander. But Summers
corps took its place quickly, and the Federal
corps of French and Richardson moved on
the Confederates. Gen. Richardson met his
death here. Lee at once ordered up every
man that could be drawn from tho Contsder-
ate right, leaving only s,+OO men there,
These were commanded by d. r. Jones', OPP
posed to them was the Federal loft, compris-
ing $4,000 men, under Burnside. His COM
mand had been divided for some unknown
reason, and lie had been exchanged from tho
extreme right, where he belonged, to the
left. His Ninth corps, under Cox, WAS the ak
treme left; his First corps, undU Hooker,
was tho extreme right. Hs himsoE remained
with the left.
Sedgvlck's division OF Summers corps re-
placed Hooker on the extreme Federal right.
Tns fight want en- hotly. NeLaws and
Walker, recently from Hsrper's Ferry, won't
into action on the Cosfsdsrats left. Ssdg-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

Lieut.. Col. Hayes
name aftcrward be-
came more familiar
to his countryInen.
The place of Gar
lands Confederate
brigade was taken
half an hour after
wards by that of
Gen. Geo. b. An
derson. 1t in turn
was repulsed by
Cox, who then fell
back from his adj
vancn,l positiOu IN
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

TONS Gap "at dGybrcak next morning. He
was twelve ms away. If the march had
been made THAT night the fate of battle might
have been changed Franklin would have
passed Champions Gap without opposition,
Gad thus been safe between the two parts of
L., army on the north and south. AS it
was, lie reached the Gap about noon of the
lttA. The COnfedcratcs We're fully appriSed
OF lis movements by that time, and McLaws
had sout Gen. Cobb with three bligades to
meet lin. There was bloody fighting for
three l. MS. Franklin and hi, mon defeated
Cobb uncd the crest of the Gap and passed
beyond and westward down into Pleasant
valley, between South mountain and Elk
mOuutGiQ.
Gen. Lafayette McLaws rendered efficient
ald to tie Confederates throughout the whole
Maryland campaign, beginning at the siege
OF lar cr'S Ferry. He also distinguished
liH,elt at Fredericksburg and afterwards at
GHtF,bUr'-. Gen. McLaws was Il Georgian
and glU,Cate of West Point in lSl2. He
served in the Mexican war. His active fight
ing life continued through the whole of the
civil war, and lie surrendered finally with
Lee i'll 1863
In what may be called the three Gap fights
on South Mountain that Sunday, September
II, 1852, the Federals We're in every case act
ualy victorious. But the strategic victory
was all on the side of the Confcderates.
That day gave time for Lees scattered forces
to begin to get together again. d. II: Hill
says that he was Fighting for time all that
bloody day. He gained it. ii McClellan's
army had crossed the passes even one day
earlier Harper's Ferry might have been saved
to the Federals, and Lees army would have
found it impossible to reunite.
South Mountain itself is not single peak,
but one long, unbroken ridge, continuing
many miles. AT it's summit near Turner'S
Gap is point called the Mountain House
| From this elevated position the Confederate
general Hill gazed on the approach Of Nc
Clelan's army in the valley below Far as
the eye could see in the distance, the march
ing men came on, column upon column. al
was a grand and glorious spectacle" says
Gen. Hill; 81 had never seen SO tremendou:
an army before did not see one like it af
| forwards
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

and to write his
memoirs of them.
He was born in
South Carolina in
1924, graduated at
West Point in 1872,
and served in the
Mexican war. AT
ter that he resigned
and became II pro
fessOr of nathe-
mates. When the
civil war began he
was principal of the
military institute
at Charlotte, n. c.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

McTaws and Walker were to join the main
body of the Confederate army at Boonsboro
or Hagerstown At the time of the battle of
South Mountain Longstreet had already gone
on to IIagerstown with his division, leaving
only d. II. Hills rear guard at Boonsboro.
He marched back, however, in time to finish
the battle of Sept. II. The first attack was
made on Fox's Gap by Gen. j. ID. Cox's divis-
ion at Q a. IN.
Jacob d. Cox is native of Montreal, Can
n1a horn in ISIS He IS hnMeNcr. of New
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

reached the battle
field when he was
killed. The Con-
federate Gen. Hill
says a shot from
the Twenty third
n or h Carolina
did it. OF Gen.
Reno little is
known, now TWEEN
ty-hve years after
his death. He was
a gallant soldier
and fell on the
n ~ ~
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16
SOlITH MOUNTAIN

Sept. IA occurred the battle which is at the
north called South Mountain, but in the
south known as Boonsboro. When the Con-
federatcs marched out Of Frederick, Gen. D.
H. Hill had been left rear guard with
the reserve artillery and supply trans at the
village of Boonsboro
Gen David Harvey Hill is one of the sol
diers of that stirring time who has lived TO
fight his battles DER again in remembrance
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

ageous. He was
born in 1919 and
was gra d tie d
from West Point
in lS41. 1t is nota-
Die that the gen
erals in the civil
war were almost
without exception
West Point gradu-
ates. Many of them
had resigned from
the service and
were in civil life
IL A. G-l1.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

chic OC currcd d.
We have the au-
thority Of the his
torian LOSING that
there really was n
Barbara Frietchie,
and that she died in
1854. She is said
to be buried at
Free erick. She
lived i'll a quaint old
house near the
bridge at Freder-
ick, and was 81
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

hold tho place
longer than Sept.
- without rc-en-
lorcenents. 7 h e
slow marching of
the Army of the
Potomac prevented
these from reach
ing Lin. Gen
White was ono OF
the officers COM
.nended by the
Washington au
thorities for hi,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

post ii at Buro>lds
bridge. - guard II
from the approach
Of the Ninth corps
His position was e.
very favorable one
and from it his sof.
diei's moved dow,
Burnside's men till
500 of them fell at
that fatal bridge
Toonlbs was o
Georgian, born il
1910. He was, how
ever, educated il
.IT.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1887-09-16

England May
flower stock. He
studied law and
practiced his pro-
fession in Ohio till
the outbreak of the
war, with an inter
mission as state
senator. He joined
the Union army
and shortly became
II brigadicr general.
lie did famous SER
vice in West Nir-
ginia. After being