davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
Origin OF the Screw.

It is not clearly known how far the
mechanical powers were known to the
ancients. There is no doubt that they
comprehended the lever, the wheel
and axle, and the pulley, and an &C
quaintance with the principle of the
inclined plane seems to have been
necessary to the Egyptians in moving
the huge blocks of stone of which the
pyramids are built. Archimedes,
about 236 b. c., invented pumping
screw, or spiral-shaped cylinder, for
raising water. The writings of this
mechanician and philosopher form the
clearest index we have to the extent of
knowledge we have of his time, and,
indeed, his own intelligence was SO far
ahead of that of his contemporaries
that much OF his reasoning was not
fully established as part of the
worlds stock of knowledge until CEN
turtles after his death. Apparently
Archimedes did not understand the in
clined plane, for he makes no direct
mention of it, and we have no evidence
to show that it was included in the
knowledge of mechanics possessed by
the Romans. The true discovery of
the use of the inclined plane dates
from the latter part of the sixteenth
century, when the minds of men were
Just awakening from their long sleep
during the dark ages. The discovery
is generally ascribed to Calico, but
Stevinus, one of his contemporaries,
q mechanician of Holland, was the first
to explain in treatise the true theory
of the power. The screw is the appli-
cation OF the inclined plane, as may be
seen by winding triangular piece of
paper around a cylinder. The screw
and the wedge are alluded to by more
than one writer of the sixteenth centu-
ry, showing that knowledge Of these
secondary powers formed part of the
revival of physical science in which
Calico took most important part, II
he did not wholly inspire it. The
principle of the screw propeller was
first enunciated by Hooke IN 1851,
though il was not successfully applied
to the movement of vessels until the
nineteenth century. The first use of
the screw was in the screw-jack for
raising heavy weights. The various
notifications and applications of this
power belong to the era Of mechanical
discovery in the present century.-To-
IedO Blade
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15

"Rheumatism ?"

rheumatism
eyes, Doctor. My shoulders ache,
and can hardly raise my arms to my
head"
ct is bad weather for rheumatism. +"
why should it be?" queried the
sufferer. II haven't caught any cold.
wore an overcoat, and the dampness
hasn't chilled me.
"Tll tell you why" answered the
physician, who is well-known lectur-
er in one of the leading medical col
leges of this city. "The dampness of
the atmosphere makes the air lighter.
This affects its pressure on the body.
OF course that produces temporary
disturbance of the system"
''But why should that affect my
rheumatism
"Any disturbance of the system af-
fects the most sensitive parts of man.
IL he has rheumatism it brings on
sharp pans; if he has corns or bun
ion, those give him trouble, and If q
nerve is exposed IN one of his taath ha
is at once informed of that fact"
"Then there is really reason for
those pains in damp weather"
Indeed there is. To sufferer from
such disorders there is no surer baron
eter in the world than his aching mem
bers. "--Ne,o York Sun.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
THE WESTERN STATES.

The failure is announced at Indianapolis Of
Theodore Pfaflin & Co, dealers In musical
Instruments Their liabilities are placed at
$4,000
A CINCINNATI dispatch says as some men
we're crossing Rowan Creek, near Kenton
Postoffice, KY, they discovered that portion
OF the bank of the creek had been washed
away during the freshet of last week A
cabin with five occupants had been carried
into the water, and 1t is supposed all were
drowned
A COAL famine exists for 400 miles along
the Santa Fe Road in Kansas A train was
stopped by farmers at Syracuse and six cars
of coal unloaded
JOHN SNYDER, the famous walking man at
Mill Grove, Blackboard County, Ind, is dead
dispatch from Wabash, Ind, says OF his
last hours:
Snyder had been growing weaker for several
months past and, though before genial in dis
position, he had become morose and talked but
little. His pale and haggard countenance be-
trayed the agony he suffered but repeated
efforts to induce quietude were futile and he
literally walked himself to death. He re.
manned conscious to the last, but was
unable 70 control his lower limbs. Snyder
during the last summer amassed over $40 900
from dime museum engagements. For nearly
three years previous 20 his death he was I'M
PEELED by some mysterious force 10 walk con-
stantly, and he took his meals while continuing
the ceaseless tramp He slept but little, gem
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
BUSINESS PROSPECTS.

Review of the Condition OF Trade in Spoc-
ulative and Commercial Lines.
The business failures during the week num-
bered for the United States 226 and for Can
ada y, total Of 254, compared with 224 the
previous week and 274 the corresponding
week last year. X q. Dun q Co., in their
weekly review of trade, say:
Legitimate trade continues fairly active for
the season, though embarrassed in some
branches by the fluctuations in speculative
markets. Speculation in products. after few
days of wild advance, has taken a turn down.
ward, as the natural result Of enormous sales to
realize. With rapidly expanding currency money
is generally easier than a week ago, though
rates are still high at many points, and COM
plants of slow collections do not diminish.
Agitation Of the tariff question already begins
to cause revision OF calculations for the future
in some departments. The sharp declile in
real estate speculations and prices at some
Southern and Western points tends 10 check
developments there, and subjects investors to
some financial strain. Large sales OF Bessemer
iron at $3.50 are reported, and a sale OF steel
rails netting S3l at mill has been made Buy
ers are still backward, but some brokers openly
Offer below $32. Coal has declined about 81.
The movement Of freight westward shows an
increase of fifteen Thousand tons for November,
aud east bound shipments are increasing
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
THE SOUTHERN STATES.

The neighborhood OF Rives, small town
In Tennessee. has been the scene OF triple
Iynching. says a Memphis telegram Adam
Charles, Andy Miller. and William Smith were
the victims The crime was an assault on q
iO-year-old child, the daughter OF M. Meyers.
while on her way 10 school alone The child
reached homo moro dead than alive. In less
than an hour men were on the trail of the
miscreants Miller was soon captured, and
revealed the hiding-place Of his companions,
who we're found in the woods near by. No
accusations we're made by the pursuing party,
who proceeded in ominous silence to wood
near by, where the three were hanged Tho
negroes in the community were thoroughly
in sympathy with the actions of the avenging
party and condemned the assault in unmeas-
ured terma
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15

SPEAKING of "superiiuous women,
Mrs. Mary A. Livermore very aptly says:
"Yes, there are plenty of them, and of SUI
perfuous men also. But you will not al
ways find them among the unmarried.
They are superfuous women, who give
themselves TO idle pleasure and morbid
fancy, and despise the activities of the age
in which they were born; who are so lack
ing in principle that they will accept any
be satisfactory. Who, anchored in the
haven Of husbands love, and surrounded
by the evidences of his practical thought
fulness, become stepped in selfshness, and
make their whole life hot pursuit of folly
and fashion. interested only in the whim
Of the hour"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
Cheap Farming Lands South.

1t is recognized fact that the cheapest
farming lands in America to- day are in the
South, and men of much or moderate
means, looking for real estate investments,
or permanent homes, should not fail to
visit the following points, where SO many
Northern people are now settling, viz:
Jackson, Tennessee; Aberdeen and jack
son, Mississippi; Hammond, Crowley,
Jennings, Welsh and Lake Charles, Lou
isiana. Round Trip Tourist tickets, lin
tied to June LIST, 1888, with stop over priv
ileges south Of Cairo, Illinois, are on sale
to New Orleans, Jennings and Lake
Charles. For rates apply to nearest ticket
agent, and be sure your tickets read via the
Illinois Central Railroad from Chicago or
st. Louis. For pamphlet entitled "South-
ern Home Seekers Guide" and circulars
concerning the above named points, adj
dross tho uaaorsisaeS, 80 Ale-shestSs, lew.
j. Il. MERRY, Gen. West. Pass. ACT.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
What Is Refinement.

One hears much talk of this desirable
quality nowadays, but the idea of it is often
very vague. What is refinement?
We are not speaking of those who think
that il consists of q studied quietness OF
dress and manner. Some very refined peo-
pie dress shockingly, and they even have
quite loud voices, and yet their good breed
ing is patent TO all the world.
We once met whole family OF delicate
ladies at fashionable summer resort on
the banks of the Hudson, whose idea of
refinement was languor and ill-health.
They thought it was just too vulgar to be
healthy and strong; quite too mannish in
deed in ladyl
Among some people, size is thought to
have good deal to do with refinement. 1t
is unrefined to be large, gross to be fat;
coarse to have weight, and monstrous to
have prominent features. large neck.
large cheeks or lips are especially opposed
to all refinement.
Now, little people are certainly very cum
ming, very curious, but we can not all be
fairies-nor do we wish it. Only fancy
whole world of these little creatures!
Why, even trade would languish. Smaller
quantities of everything would be needed,
from cloth and flannel all the way down to
oysters and buckwheat cakes. No, large
people are necessary to keep the world
moving.
We once knew of fashionable lady
who liked her clergyman because he
preached such refined sermons. When a
distinguished literary man died recently,
we were told he was not refined person.
Well, perhaps he was not, but he was so
distinguished in other ways that really we
had not thought of his refinement. We
would Just as soon have asked whether st.
Paul was a refined man, or whether Isaiah
went to ancient Babylon to acquire "good
FORM" as some people go to London now
for that purpose.
There are, we believe, many people in
very humble stations in life who are truly
refined in their feelings who are quite un-
-. Theis-=haarta-
right; they have that consideration for
others which is the very basis of refine
ment.
There are also others in good society
whose natural sweetness of disposition
constantly shows itself in kind and gentle
words and deeds toward all. No effort is
needed on their part to be courteous and
amiable, for they feel so, and naturally
their outward manners are but the reflex
of that which is within. Such persons are
charming; they like everybody and every
body likes them. We all know few such,
and are thankful.
The chief desideratum seems to be
good heart If we truly love our neighbors
we can not fail to be kind and sweet to
them. And if we are indifferent, all the
care we take of our manners, all our
studied refinement, all our stylish CONVEX
sation will be as dust and ashes.-Home
journal
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
BY TELEGRAPH.
A DAYS DOINGS.
Eventful Happenings In Every Hem
isphere, as Transmitted by
Telegraph.
Political Social Financial, Commercial,
! Industrial, Criminal and Other
News.
THE VERY LATEST BY TELEGRAPH.
CHICAGO TIMES.

Elkins. Garrison, and Others Secure an
Option for tho Purchase of Mrs. storcy's
Paper.
A CHICAGO telegram Of Saturday last says:
The Inter Ocean Of this morning prints the
follow M special telegram from Washington:
Stephen b. Elkins has just returned from the
West where he has been ON other business.
relation to the political fortunes OF Mr.. Blaine
in Lhat section one OF the objects Of which is TO
consider the propriety OF securing Republican
rhcS sSa ME- Bspss m
for the Presidency. Possibly this move
ment would not have been brought
70 light but for the editorials i
cago Tribune in the FIRST instance approving
the tariff message of President Cleveland, SEQ
ond In announcing that that newspaper cannot
Presidency upoL the platform which Mr..
Blaine has laid down In the interview
just cabled from Paris. Some Of tho
privately advised that no matter what
tho tribune might do, there would be soon q
Republican protectionist organ in Chicago
which would support Mr. Blaine, both man
and u protectionist, and one of Mr.. Blaines
chief heutenants said to-day, after reading
tho telegraph editorial in which the an
nouncement was made that the Tribune
not matter much anyway whom the Tribune
will support. Mr.. Blaine will be sup
ported for the nomination in Chicago by a Re-
suggestions, dropped to some extent under the
breath, mean this: j. s. Clarkson, Of Iowa, of
the Des Moines Register, and a syndicate OF
which 1t is said Mr.. Steven b. Elkins, Mr..
Runnels, OF Iowa, and several capitalists are
heads, have secured an option for the purchase
OF the Chicago Times newspaper, that option
being On assignment IL 1t may be.so termed, OF
the option recently reported to have been given
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
Formative Effects OF Different Kinds
or Athletics.

What the gymnasium is doing for the
strength and vigor of the masses in
some OF our institutions of learning
may be inferred from single illustra-
ton taken from the records at Harvard
University.
In the year 1880. seven hundred and
seventy-six men were physically exam
med. The strongest man out of this
number showed in strength of lungs,
back, legs, chest and arms, as indicated
on the chart, grand total OF 675.2. At
the close Of the summer term of the
present year, the highest strength test
recorded was 1,272.S, and there were
over two hundred men in college whose
total strength test surpassed the high
est test of 1880. This general gym
nasium work is therefore reducing the
one-sided development once so common
with athletic specialists.
1t must not be forgotten, however,
that there is development peculiar to
the runner, jumper, wrestler, oarsman,
gymnast, ball-player, heavy-lifter, etc,
and any one familiar with athletics at
the present day can easily recognize
one of these specialists. The same
training that produced those matchless
specimens of human development en-
bodied in the statues of the Gladiator,
the Athlete, Hercules, Apollo, and
Mercury of old, would produce the
same results under similar circum-
stances at the present time.
With every kind of physical exercise,
the qualities at first required are the
qualities at length developed. Speed
and endurance are required OF the run
ner, and these are the qualities that
come to him by practice. In like
manner, skill and activity come to the
gymnast and ball-player; and strength
and stability to the oarsman and weight
thrower. Most of these qualities are
accompanied by physical character
istics. If it were not for the recognized
tendency of certain exercises to pro-
duce certain results, it would be impos-
sible to prescribe special work for
individual cases. All men, however,
who practice athletics for the same
length of time, and under similar con-
ditions. do not attain identical results
in their physical proportions or the
same degree of success in their athletic
achievements.
In order to illustrate some of the Dis
tinguishing features that characterize
the development of successful athletes,
1 have selected representative members
of the different athletic organizations
in the universities of Yale and Harvard,
few of whom distinguished them
selves, within the last two years, by
breaking all previous college records
for certain events. The photographs
of these men, in spite of their dissimi-
larity, show us certain characteristics
common to certain figures, and marked
peculiarities of another kind will &C
company others. Some of these char
acteristics are not readily detected by
the eye, but appear distinctly in the
charts. ID. A. Sargent, NJ. d.. IN
SCribner's Magazine.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
A MEXICAN TOWN IN RUINS.
Many People of Bavispe Killed by Earth
quakes-Starvation Threatened.

Many People of Bavispe Killed by Earth
quakes-Starvation Threatened.
NoGALEs (Arizona) telegram: "a gentleman
writing from the scene of the recent earth
quuAcs No hNvisPs-say that tno entire town
has been destroyed and many persons killed
Earthquakes have been of daily occur
renee except during an interval OF two
weeks, during which time the people built
temporary shanties- of-refuge ON a hill
Since the cessation of the shocks some
adobe houses had been erected, but they we're
soon destroyed. People are wild with terror
and are starving The provisions and sup
plies provided by the State and from private
sources are exhausted and the entire vicinity
is destitute of food and clothing, and unless
aid is furnished soon they will perish. The
streams opened by the first great shocks are
still flowing, but the continued shocks and the
terror of the people prevent the utilization
of the abundance of water for raising crops"
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
seclalIstIe PriucIuIes.

"Yes, sir; I've reformed my political
views very radically" remarked q
stovebox statesman to his coterie Of
hearers.
an what way?"
@I'm Socialist. / want everything
to be divided up even. That's going
to be the future order OF things"
@Yes; and what are you going to do
when you get your share, and some
fellow comes along with less than you
have-divide up with him?"
Era no, / think I'll reform my
views again. Merchant Traveller.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
IT is noticeable fact that the more the
cheek the less the bloom.
To Denver In Ono NIrht


On December 4, 1887, the Burlington Route,
O., B. d q r. r., inauguratci fast train
service as follows: Fast express train known
as @The Burlington's Number Ole" leaves
Union Depot, corner Canal and Adams streets,
Chicago, at 12:0l p. m. daily and runs to Dem
yer solid, arriving at 10 p. m. the next day,
thus making the run from Chicago to Denver
in thirty-fou hours This tram arrives at
Omaha at 5 a M, making the run to Omaha
in seventeen hours. Corresponding fast
train from Denver to Chicago Direct con-
nection made to and from st Louis with
these trains, and at Denver with the
fast train Of the ID. r. G. r. r.
for San Francisco and Pacific coast points.
superb equipment on ~The Burlington's Num-
Der One" consisting OF sleeping cars and
coaches from Chicago to Omaha and Chicago
to Denver without change Meals served EN-
route on the famous Burlington route dining
cars as far West as the Missouri River
Omafs passengers VIII pc HIfowet TO remain
in their sleeping car until breakfast time Sec
that your ticket reads via the c., b. a O. r. r.
1t can be obtained of any coupon ticket agent
of its own or connecting lines, or by address
ing PAUL MORTON, Gen'l Passenger and Tick
ct Agent
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
THOUGHTS OF GREAT THINKERS.
CHARACTER.

CHARACTER.
Character is q perfectly educated will
Novahs.
The great hope OF society is individual
character.--W. II. Claiming.
The way to gain good characters Is TO
endeavor TO be what you appear.-So-
crates.
All men are alike In their lower natures;
1t Is in their higher characters that they
differ.-Bovee.
As daylight can be seen through small
holes, so do little things show persons
character. -Butler.
He that has character need have no fears
for his condition; character will draw after
10 condition.--H w. Beecher.
The noblest contribution which any man
can make for the benefit OF posterity Is
that Of good character.-J. Winthrop.
A gooa character is carefully to be main
tanned for the sake of others more than
ourselves. II is coat OF triple steel, CIV
ing security to the wearer, protection to
the oppressed, and inspiring the oppressor
with awe.-Coiton.
Character is like stock in trade, the more
Of it a man possesses the greater his facili-
ties for making additions to 1t. Character
is power-is influence. 1t makes friends,
creates funds, draws patronage and sup
port, and opens sure and easy way to
wealth, honor, and happiness. T.
Haipeis.
CHARITY.
Let yeur charity begin at home, but do
not let it stop there.-H. Martyr.
A rich man without charity is rogue;
and perhaps il would be no difficult matter
to prove that he is also fool.-FSelding.
In every relation of life we must bear
and forbear; We must not expect perfec-
ton, and each party should carry the cloak
of charity for the other.-Rer. M. Hug
gins.
have no respect for that self Boosting
charity which neglects all objects Of COM
miseration near and around il, but goes TO
the end Of the earth in search of misery
for the purpose of talking about it.-G.
lfooo.a
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
A Popular Thoroughfare.

The Wisconsin Central Line, although a
comparatively new factor in the railroad sys-
TENS of the Northwest, has acquired an envi-
able popularity. Through careful attention
to details, its service is as near perfection as
might be looked for. The train attendants
seem to regard their trusts as individual
par-excellence. Tho road now runs solid
through fast trains between Chicago, Milwau-
kee St Paul and Minneapolis with Pullman's
best and unequalled dining cars; it also runs
through, solid sleepers between Chicago, Ash
land, Duluth and the famous mining regions
OF Northern Wisconsin and Michigan.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15

tie else. While the bill was nnder
consideration Mr. Biddle moved an
ironical amendment appropriating
$4,000 for the Improvement of the
Alinentarv Canal The member
from Berks was instantly on his feet
declaring his purpose to oppose any
appropriation for the Alimentary or
any other canal. The amendment was
instantly withdrawn, amidst the gen.
eral mirth of the members at the ex-
pense of the honest member from
Berks.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
A Pleasure Shared by Women Only.

Malherbe, the gifted French author, de-
clared that of ali things that man possesses,
women alone take pleasure in being possessed.
This seems generally true Of the sweetcr sex
Like the ivy plant she longs for an object 10
cling 10 and love-to look TO for protection
This being her prerogat We, ought she not to
be told that DR.. Pierce's Favorite Prescription
is the physical salvation Of her sex? II ban-
ishes those distressing maladies that make hor
life burden, curing all painful irregularities.
uterine disorders, Inflammation and u,cera-
ton, prolapsus and kindred weaknesses As
a nervine IL cures nervous exhaustion, pros
tration, debility, relieves mental anxiety anil
hypochondria, and promotes refreshing sleep.
MANY man has gel into peck of trou-
bic by hiding his light ,nder bushel,--
Boston GGzete,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
Nick Riddles wit.

Nick Biddle was a wit as we'll as a
financier. During q session OF the
Pennsylvania Legislature away back
in the 40's a bill was up appropriating
O large sum for continuing the State
improvement. An honest but unlearn-
ed member from Berks County was
hostile to the bill, and, in fact, opposed
to all State improvements. He knew
the wishes of his constituents, and lit
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1887-12-15
"What Drug Will Scour These En-
glish Hence p,

Wicked Macbeth, who murdered good King
Duncan, asked this question in his despair
Thousands of victims OF disease are daily
asking @What will scour the impurities from
my blood and bring me healthy" DIR. Pierce's
the purple life-ti is sluggish, causing drow-
siness, headache, and loss of appetite, use
this wonderful vitalizer, which never fails 1t
forces the liver into perfect action, drives out
superfuous bile, brings the glow Of health TO
the cheek, and the natural sparkle 10 the eye
All druggists