davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
of the privilege in 1877, the sum never to
be less than &2h0 600 nar annnm

of the privilege in 1877, the sum never to
be less than $3.50 900 per annum.
In 1879, NJ. de Lesseps began to take
an active part in the carrying out of the
French scheme, and he has continued to
direct and participate in the labors of the
company. The first business meeting
was held in 1881. The capital then an
nounced to be necessary was 600,000,0O0
francs. OF that sum, it was estimated
that 430,000,000 francs was required for
dock and tloodgates on the Pacific side.
The land actually needed for excavation
was bought for $20,000,000.
In October, 1881, active operations
were commenced under two French en-
gineers and ontractors-Couvreux and
Hersent-and are still being carried on.
There have been periods of comparative
inactivity since the beginning of the
work, owing sometimes to a hitch in the
financial arrangements and at other
times to difficulties connected with the
supply of labor, but according to the last
accounts received slow but steady prog
ress is being made toward completion.
By the indefatigable efforts of that
wonderful worker, DE Lesseps, funds
have from time to time been subscribed,
and although it would seem necessary to
expend sum far exceeding the original
estimate, Frenchmen have learned to
place so much confidence in the veteran
engineers judgment that there is little
doubt, now that the actual date of open
ing has been fixed, but what all the
money called for will be forthcoming.
T. CAMPBELL COPELAND,
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
THE NUMBER OF THE STARS.
Special Attention Devoted to This by
Some Astronomers.

Some Astronomers.
Some astronomers have devoted special at
tention to counting the number of stars
which may be seen with the naked eye, and
the result has been that, even to persons
gifted with more than ordinary powers of
vision, there are not so many as 1900 stars
at any time visible above the horizon. But
a very different result presents itself when
the heavens are surveyed through telescope
Countless numbers of stars then come into
view which were previously invisible, and
the more powerful the telescope used the
greater the number of stars revealed to OBJ
servation, until finally the conclusion is ar
rived at that the number of stars visible in
the heavens is limited only by the optical
capacity of the instrument which the OBJ
server may employ in his survey. A familiar
illustration of this is furnished by the we'll
known group of stars known as the Pleiades
Surveyed with the naked eye, this interest
ing object is seen to consist of only some six
or seven stars; but when observed with an
ordinary opera glass the entire field of view
is filled with beautiful congeries of distinct
stars. The great astronomer Sir William
Herschel, who far surpassed other astrono-
mers in the profundity of his explorations of
the stellar heavens, has left upon record
some striking results of his observations
illustrative of the immense multitude of
stars which powerful telescope is capable
of revealing. 1t may be proper to remark
that when the stars are surveyed, even with
a telescope Of moderate capacity, they are
seen travelling in quick succession through
the field of view of the instrument, an opti-
cal delusion attributable to the diurnal revo-
luton of the earth upon its axis He,schel,
while engaged in surveying some regions of
the Milky Way, found that in the short inter-
val of quarter of an hour as many as 49,
600 stars passed through the field of his tele-
scope On another occasion he estimated
that in forty-one minutes there passed in
review before him the immense number of
25S 900 stars.-GOOd Words
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
CHAPERONS AT WASHINGTON.
A Profession in Which Tact and Expe-
rience Are the Capital.

The wives and daughters of new congress
men and officials are frequently thrown into
society without previous preparation. From
the quiet of a country home this is a terrible
transition. There are ladies in Washington
whose husbands have been army or navy
officers. They have spent years in society and
have held and still hold high rank. The
mysteries of form and usage are familiar to
them, but the death or retirement of their
husbands has reduced their finances below
the figures of their extravagant tastes. These
ladies now sustain their position in society
by leading the uninitiated through the mys-
FERROUS mazes. They teach the wives of new
senators and members from the back dis
tricts the polite forms and pilot them through
a winter in Washington.
The relation they hold to novice is that
of a superior who condescends to take the
part of friendly adviser or chaperon. They
are courted, followed-and paid. They are
women who have been bellies in society in the
past and who dictate its forms now. They
now makea business of pleasure. They adj
wise their patrons what to wear, how to fur
nish their houses, how to talk and act, how
to set their tables, how to receive callers and
who TO receive when to call, how to call, and
who to call on. They tell them the differ
ence between an ordinary tea and high tea,
between dinner-party and a luncheon.
They rub the dust oil their dialect and teach
them polite forms of speech, and tell them
what to talk about. They lead them around
the circle and teach by example. These
chaperons are not known as such except to
those who employ them, and they are the
most cOurted OF all society. They are experts
in Washington liie.-Exchange
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT.
A Few Exceptions Taken to It's I'm
mixed Good.


mixed Good.
In the Nineteenth Century for November
there appears an article from Gladstone on
the international copyright which contains
the opinion that if it were once adjusted it
would give free motion to an agency of I'M
mixed good and would have an immense
effect in promoting moral and social union.
With this statement we take distinct and
immediate is ue. England makes the great
mistake of calling this an Anglo-Saxon
nation and of speaking of it as the big men,
Der of It's own family. 1t is Anglo-Saxon so
far as the ordinary language of the country
is concerned; and it is of Englands family,
so far IS historical traditions are in
volved. But the composition of our
population is by no means Anglo.
Saxon as whole. Its new blood
and sinew does not come exclusively from
the islands of Great Britain, but from the
countries of the world, and especially from
Continental Europe. Yet the great, COM
mon, popular literature of the country is
English. Why? Because of the spread of
English cheap literature; because of the low
priced reprints of the works of both stan
dard and ephemeral English authors. When
Dickens and Thackeray visited this country
thew found themselves greeted by millions
of readers. How many intelligent, appreci-
alive listeners and admirers would they have
found had their works been protected by
copyright and published here in three-vol-
ume form? 1t has been a constant subject of
remark and surprise that the American
masses have closer acquaintance with En-
glish literature than the English themselves
and the result is doubtless due to the cheap
form in which it is obtainable here.
The sons and daughters of our foreign citi-
zens turn naturally to English literature,
because it is the most common, and it is the
most common because it is the cheapest, and
because through its cheapness it has become
the standard of literary recreation. The
American reader of English works acquires
familiarity with English forms and GUS
toms he would never possess if the books he
had to buy were protected by copyright, and
the American literary man feels the reflex of
these English forms and customs, and he in
his writings tries his hand at picturing them.
Copyright may put money into the pockets
of few authors, but it is the absence of it
that has been instrumental in promoting
the moral and social" union of England and
the United States, and it is the spread of
cheap literature that has so largely cemented
the feeling of kinship between Gladstone's
country and this.-Sa'. Francisco Chronicle.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
AN ART COLLECTION.
Which is Attracting Great Attention in
the Ideal World.


the Ideal World.
The Catherine Wolfe collection is now
open at the Metropolitan Museum, and nat
urally attracts a great deal of attention.
This with the other attractions, will make
the place one of the chief centres of art in
terest for long time. The Wolfe pictures
have been seen by the public separately, but
never before in one array. They gain natur-
ally by their colleC tive appearance. One of
the most beautiful figure pieces is Cabaners
'Shulamite Woman" Color drawing and
accessories are exquisite. Other superb
figure pieces are Merle's Failing Leaves
and Lefebvres "Graziella" Among the
large compositions are Gabriel Max's Last
Token, a Christian Martyr" Knaus' "Holy
Family" and odd Woman and Cats" Kaul-
bach's Crusaders Before Jerusalem" De-
tailes "Cossacks and Imperial Guard"
Breton's Religious Procession in Brittany"
Makarts Dream After the Ball" Gerome's
prayer in the Mosque" Diaz's "Holy
Family" There are hundred aud forty
two pictures in the Wolfe collection, and
prominent in the array is the portrait of
Miss Wolfe by Cabanel. The galleries are
open free to the public during the week days,
except Mondays and Tuesdays, when ST all
fee is charged for admission.-NeW York
Home Journal
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
The EdelMeiss.

The hoinische Volkszeitung calls attention
to the experiments to make the beautiful
edelweiss grow on parts of the RieSenge-
birge, Bohemia. Ii seems that similar ex-
periments have been for Il considerable time
in course of trial in the Eifel, especially
among the ruined castles of Nurburg, not
only with the edelweiss, but also with other
rare Alpine plants. But it is question
whether the plant is not changing its char
acter and being transformed, in fact, into a
new species. Such transformation has oc-
Cured in the mountains of Upper Austria,
where also an attempt was made to acclima-
tie the edelweiss. The plant throve, but it
has lost its beautiful ermine-like bloom, and
is no longer white, but red Exchange.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26

representing bull fights, saints, and
scenes from Mexican church history,
while the doors are hung with festoons
of corn leaves, resembling green fringe.
The maguey plant has other uses beside
supplying pulque. From its leaves is
obtained coarse, tough fibre, out of
which the natives manufacture mating,
Irvine, rope, &c. In the villages of the
maguey country the Indians may be seen
making up this fibre. When they have
enough they pack it in great square
bundles, fasten it on their backs and trot
off across the country to some market
town-often several days journey. A
portion of the fibre is fine enough to
weave into coarse garments. J.B.F.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
LITERARY PLAGIARISM.
Solace from the Poet Laureate for the
Author of "She."

Solace from the Poet Laureate for the
Author of "She."
The author of "She," who has been so
sharply accused of plagiarism, may take a
little comfort among the poets. Mr.. Tenny-
son wrote:
hold it truth, with him who sings
To one clear harp in divers tones,
That men may rise on stepping stones
OF their dead selves to higher things.
If the poet alluded to by the poet laureate
is Goethe, the following lines by Longfellow
indicate that Goethe may have been indebted
to ~. Augustin:
st. Augustin, well hast thou said
That of our vices we may frame
\ ladder, if we will but tread
Beneath our feet each deed of shame.
fut there was poet before st. Augustin
who has caught the perfect idea. A Sans
kr!y scholar sends along the same thought
expressed in almost identical Sanskrit words
which occurs at line ,0S5 of the Hitupadesa:
BY their own deeds men ascend, and by their
own deeds men do fall
Like the diggers of a well, and like the build
ers of wall. -Ert hdage.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
A Generous Gift.

A magnificent gift has been made to the
Natural History Museum, South Kensington
by Captain Wardlaw Ramsay. The late
Marquis of Tweeddale had perhaps the finest
private collection of birds in Great Britain
and had in addition a very valuable orni-
theological library. This collection and the
library were bequeathed to Captain Ramsay,
who has now assigned the whole to the ma
ton, together with many rare pathological
specimens obtained by himself in the far
Exchange
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
FAMOUS WINTER RESORTS.

The Missouri Pacific Railway and Iron
Mountain route offers passengers choice
of two routes from ST. Louis to San An
tonic, Galveston, Austin, Ell Paso and
other noted winter resorts in Texas.
This is the only line to the famous Hot
Springs of Arkansas, with only. one
change of cars to Pacific coast points.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
A Fair Chance.

The King of Spain is seventeen months
he sticks to business and gets around to the
throne early in the morning, and only takes
twenty minutes for lunch, and doesn't
knock off before dark, there is no reason
why he shouldn't have his salary raised
Exchange
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26

at all hours for any ordinary guam
lity. Well-dressed Mexicans in all the
glory of silver buttons and expensive
sombreros are in waiting at the depots,
ready to start at short notice to fill orders.
These men are known as conductors dc
puLque The shops which take their sup
plies regularly in large quantities are Wis
tied early in the day by agents who
have charge of great two-wheel carts
which fairly groan under the load of
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26

A scientist says: mo one need have any
fear If a male wasp. He has no sting.h
This information may be calculated to do
great deal of good, and yet We doubt if any
man, when he sees yellow bellied wasp
flying at him, is going to stop long to ascer-
tain the sex of the insect.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26

the City of Mexico and he cannot
help carrying away a vivid impress
sion of the magnitude of the pulque
trade. For miles you will find nothing
but plantations of maguey. Occasion
ally some other crop is grown as
secondary consideration between
the rows of the maguey. At many
of the stations along the Vera Cruz
railroad the air is fragrant with the
smell of pulque. There is, however, quite
adherence about the odor. An American
lady going down the road exclaimed ::
"How can these people drink that gile
stuff ?-why, it smells just like the swill
troughs in our pig-pens at home" The
comparison was apt There is pecu-
liar pungency which suggests anything
else but beverage. but it ceases to be
disagreeable after little education.
The shipment of pulque to other
sections of the country and particularly
to the City of Mexico constitutes large
part of the business of the railroads.
The pulque trains run daily from the
pulque districts to the City of Mexico.
The classification of the service by the
railroads is passenger trains" "Pulque
trains" Freight trains" An estimate
based upon the railroad traffic gives the
amount of pulque carried out of one
region alone at 100000 gallons every
twenty-four hours.
AS beverage it does not last long /;
hence they have to use it Immediately, so
to speak. Fermentation must set in be-
fore it is pulque, and fermentation, once
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26

begun, goes on so rapidly
that in forty-eight hours, or at
the longest sixty-five hours
the mother having much to do
with the process-it is no
longer fit to drink. Pulque is
produced in enormous quanti-
ties, but the Mexicans and In
dams see that but a small
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26

proportion reaches an age when it
is useless. When foreigner first
reaches Mexico he is told that he
must drink pulque, though he be COM
PEELED to hold his nose and hurriedly
gulp down few swallows, while his
friends, who have preceded him a few
months, will slowly drain great goblets
of the milky-looking, ill-smelling liquid
and smack their lips over the last drop.
The universal argument is that pulque
is healthful, corrective adapted to the
climate, excellent for the kidneys &c, &c.
But practically the effect of pulaue is to
put queer fancies into the brain, produc-
ing general feeling of lethargv and
drowsiness. 1t is not fighting drink,
yet, undoubtedly, produces much degra-
dation and poverty. The daily con
sumption of pulque in the City of Mexico
alone is, perhaps, equal to the sum of
$25 900. 1t is sold for twelve and a-half
cents per gallon, and many Mexicans
and Indians will consume from one half
to one gallon per day. The pulque
vender goes his rounds as regular
as the milkman delivering the daily sup
ply at the houses, which the servant re-
ceives and keeps in an earthen jar. There
are few private tables in the City of
Mexico on which pulque is not to be
seen at MONDAY. The little round
basket which takes the place of the small
tin bucket of the mechanics of the
States always has bottle in it, and the
newcomer is misled by thinking the
Mexicans are great lovers of milk in con-
sequence of the color
of the pulque. Besides
the vending in small M
quantities to families, m
the system of pulque M
distribution embraces N//Z-ZN
supply de- .M| ~
pots, at @[I ~"
which Or N -
ders are 81
rece ived IL IA A
and filled El1 la &
J. .ggsl. y 5l
.e'l.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26

Some men carry too much sail. some too
little.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1887-11-26
THE SAGE'S GIFT.

d DdrTeH rOCk anu
dismal, frowning
into depths abys-
NAL, where the
moaning and the
groaning of the
pines their shud-
ders wrought, sat
an aged man and
lonely, by refec-
ton tended only,
and he uttered or
he muttered to
the jeering winds
his thought.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1887-03-29
CHATHA sHERIFFs SALE.

FINDER and by virtue of q. IA issued out
~ of the Superior Court OF Chatham
county in favor of WILLIAM II. MAY for
use OF WILLIAM f. MAY vs.. ALVIN n,
MILLER and WILLIAM HONE, security,
said II. ia. transferred to CHARLES Il. CON-
merry. have levied upon the following de-
scribed property as the property of ALVIN
n. MILLER, to- wit:
All that tract or parcel of lana lying and
being in the county of Chatham, state Of
Georgia, known as the Mordena plantation
containing eight hundred acres. more or less,
bounded on the west by lands of William
Zelgler known as Springfield plantation,
and on all other sides by river aud marsh !;
the said land and premises being the same
sold as the property of JAM USSELL
by the Sheriff of Chatham county by virtue
OF mortgage fl. IA, issued out of the Honor
aDle the Superior Court OF the county Of
Chatham in favor Of MARY A. MARTIN VS..
MARY A. MARTIN to STEPHEN b. BOND.
and purchased by said S rEPHEN B. BOND at
said Sheri frs Sale and conveyed to him by the
SAID Sheriff OF Chatham county. deed dated
first of May, 1877, together with all and sim
gular the houses. outhouses, buildings, gar
dens, liberties, privileges, easemeuts, heredit-
aMents, ri ghts, members and appurtenances
whatsoever thereunto belonging or In any
wise appertaning.
And will offer the said above described
property for sale at public cutlery before the
court house door OF Chatham county, in the
city of savannah, on the First Tuesday In
April, 1887, during the legal hours OF sale, TO
satisfy sand D. IA.
Terms cash. purchasers paying for titles.
JOHN r. ROMAN. Sheriff G. Co., Ga.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1887-03-29
CHATHAM sHERIFFls sALE.

FINDER and by virtue OF mortgage Il. IA.
~ issued out Of Chatham Superior Court
IN favor Of SUSAN &. TUFTS aud CLARIN.
DA BLISS Va. JULIUS kAUFMANN, I have
levied upon tho following described property,
TO wit:
All OF the eaetern half Of all that lot, tract
or parcel of land and premises situate living
and being in the city OF savannah, county OF
Chatham and state OF Georgia, and known
and designated on the plan or map OF said
city rs lot number five 49, Tyrconnet tything,
Derby ward; said oue-half portion having 4
front Of thirty feet ana two and One-h half
inches ON Congress street. and running back
n depth OF ninety feet 80 Congress street lane,
together with all and singular the edinces.
buildings. rights, members. hercdtnmepts
and appurtenances 10 the same belonging or
IN anywise appertaining, and all the estate
right. title, interest, property claim and de-
mani VIII atsoever Of the said JULIUS KAUF-
MANN.
And I will offer the SAID above described
property Of the defendants for sale AT public
oulcy, before the Court House door OF Chat
ham county, In the city OF savannah. on the
FIRST TUESDAY IN APRIL, 1881, during
the legal hours Of sale. To satisfy said mort
gage d. ia.
IermH aaA.-purchaa paying for titles.
EI@.1[1x@. |ROEAS, Sheriff q. Co.. Ga.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1887-03-29
Trual SaIHn.
CHATHAM sHERIFEIS SALE


FINDER and by virtue of Il a. ia. issued out
~ of the Cit, Court Of Savannah in favor
of the SAY ANNAH MUTUAL LOAN AS
ISOLATION VS.. JAMES q. WEST, | have
levied upOn the following described property
of the defendant, to wit:
All that certain lot of land situate and
lying in the state of Georgia. comply Of Chat
ham, and in the city of savannah, known and
designated in tn eplan or SAID city as lot num-
Der thirty-siX (36) Lloyd ward, containing
sixty-one feet seven inches in front and rear
and one hundred and eight feet in depth,
bounded on the north by II lane, on The east by
lot number twenty-five (25J, on the south by
New Houston street and on the west by lot
number thirty seven (97), and also all that
other lot of land in said city, county and State
contiguous to said lot number thirty-six 1867,
and being the eastern half part OF that lot
known and designate in the plan Of sand city
as lot number thirty seven (37). Lloyd ward.
said eastern half being bounded on the north
by said lane, on the east by lot number thirty
Blk tS6l hereinbefOre described, on the south
by New Houston street, and on the west by
ethe western half part OF said lot number thir-
ty.seven 37), the said eastern half Containing
thirty ana nine tenths go g-l0) feet front and
rear from east to west on said lane and New
Houston street. and one hundred and eight
feet In length from north to south, together
with all and singular the hereditaments
rights, members and appurtenances to the
same belonging or In anywise Hppertalning,
and all the estate, right, title, interest prop
ertv claim or dem and OF the said JAMES q.
WEST.
And will offer the said property at public
cutlery before the Court House door OF Chat
ham county, in the city OF Savannah, for sale
on The FIRST TUESDAY IN APRIL. 1887.
during the legal hours Of sale to satisfy said
fl. ia.
Terms cash, purchasers paying for titles
JOHN i. ROMAN, Sheriff e. Co., Ga,