The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1887-12-20
F.NRM6 MoTEs.

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4 TnERA Is no part Of gardening that
requires more care and s&ill than Che
transplanting OF plants so as to retard
their growth as little as possible. Asa
preliminary TO this operation, the
young plants should be uncovered Ill in
hot,beds and exposed TO the full power,
Of the light and alrthat they may be
hardened and ready for the change.
The ground about the roots should be
kept thoroughly wet for short time
before the plants ttre removed, as this
causes tile earth to cling to the roots
more firmly, and gives them lite unt,
yigor Most plants do better Ii trans.
planted in cloudy or rainy weather,
but IL this cannot be done, they should
he set at nightfall and shielded for q
lew days from the direct rays Of the
sun. The cavity for the roots should
pc made large enough to admit their
insertion Without cramping or crowd
thoroughly loosened and pulverized So
that the new roots to be formed will
have free growth. When the roots
have been set in the cavity, pack some
fine soil directly about them nearly to
the surface and fill on top with rich,
loose earth. Water frequently until
the plants begin to grow again. BY
exercising a little care, such plants as
cabbages, celery, rutabagas and toma-
toes may bs transferred to the open
ground with no perceptible change in
their rate Of growth. @
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Z a CAREFUL study OF the census re-.
port shows that the average Of crops
on the farms OF this country is exceed
1ngly small; scarcely more than paying
the cost OF production, and compelling
the owners to practice close economy
to support their families. If we as
carefully study the farmers and their
methods, seeking the cause, we shall
find that in no other business is so little
thought used or SO little time spent in
preparing tor it's successful prosecution.
Farming Is run, as 1t were, In q series
OF ruts; certain crops are planted at
stated times in q certain way, simply
from force of habit, or because such
happens to be tho custom Of the com.
munity. A failure is often made Of {.
wheat crop on land especially adapted
to potato culture; barley is grown at
loss on land that would produce magn1e
ficent and paying crops Of oats. The
cause Of oil this is simply lack Of the
knowledge Of the constituents Of the
soil, their adaptation to different plant
growths; to a lack Of sufficient thought
on these matters.
THE only way to prevent chickens
from having gapes, Is to coop them
out on new ground where chickens
have not been raised before. after
the disease makes 1t tsappearance, 1t will
be an annual visitor to more or less
extent on the same ground. Avoid
feeding chicks too much corn meal;
keep up their strength with good food,
such rs broken wheat, rice, wheat
middlings or oat meal. Use q little
bone meal in their feed. 10 those
chicks that have gapes, give little
piece Of gum camphor, a bit bigger
than pins head, each, for two days.
1t will cure light cases; bad ones can
be cured by taking the worms out Of
the wind:pipe with a feather or horse
hair; strip q moderately stiff feather
with pair Of scissors, leaving Il few
barDs on the end, like the point OF an
arrow; watch for the opening Of tho
wnd.pipe, insert the feather and turn
it round as you draw 1t out.
WHEAT is said to contain ten parts
OF tlesh.forming material and 70 per
cent Of starch matter. Upon this
latter the ability of animals to stand
cold largely depends; hence the value
Of wheat offal, especially thercher por-
lions of it, should be estimated ut a
high figure. While nothing approaches
oats tor horses, In conjunction with
small allowance Of hay, If they are re-
qnired to make tIme upon the roads or
pull heavy loads; so nothing excels the
otfal Of wheat, with q small sprlnkling
of cornmeal and oilcake or cottonseed
meal, for cattle; and the same is true
for swine.
The quantity Of food needed by
stock, varies even among animals OF
the same age and breed, and it neces-
earily varies to q greater extent among
animals OF different breeds. Upon
this subject a farmer in England SAYS
1t Is sufficiently correct to reckon q
sheep consuming twenty eight pounds
Of green food, an OK or COW 400 pounds,
q calf forty pounds and a yearllng
eighty pounds daily. At this rate, an
OK or cow consumes as much as five
sheep. The latter will require 1920
pounds, or nearly five tons apiece, the
former 54.750 pounds, or nearly twenty
five tons Of green food, for its yearly
maintenance.
TIE method by which stumps are
removed by petroleum consists In al
lowing the stumps to bscome complete
ly saturated with petroleum and then
setting them on fire. The method by
using salt-potre consists in boring
holes into the head Of the stump and
putting into each one ounce of salt
petre, and, after leaving it to become
wet and penetrate the substance OF
the stump, the latter is set On fire,when
it Will bo completely consumed.
TIE celebrated Mccartney rose,
which is used in Texas for hedges, is
true rose;" the R. Jracteata, a ma.
tive Of China, introduced into England
In 1895 by Lord Mccartney, from whom
1t derived its name. 1t is a vigorous.
growing and climbing evergreen in
the South, has pretty single white
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