St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-26
A Long List Of Cases Already
Prepared, Which the Courts
Will Settle.
Methods Of Sec uring Samples
and Making the Neees-
sary Analyses.
What Commissioners Ives Has
in Say on the Enforcement
Of the Law.


cold to all corners that the state dairy
laws were going to be enforced in all
their points, and he invited the general
public to >bring ON their complaints of
poor milk, etc., for him and his force to
work up. 81 want to invite those peo-
pie who are getting bad milk to just get
samples of it and bring it to me with an
affi avit, showing when and where they
got it. If the milk isn't up to standard
we will take care of the rest"
THAT'S just what we will do" said
Carl JudSon, the assistant commissioner,
who has had so much practice lately in
huStling for evidence against vendors of
poor milk that he smiles at the
very thought of watered milk. The
commission has seventeen cases on the
list for prosecution and a force
samples of milk for analysis. Mr.. Ives
has made pretty thorough examina-
ton of the milk produced at the various
diaries in the state, and feels confident
that if the law is enforced there is no
good reason why people who live in the
cities should not get a good article.
About 1,500 samples which he has eX-
amined show all average of 4 per cent.
of fatty matter, SO that, as the law re-
quireS but So per cent, it is the fault of
the men that handle it ratehr than the
COWS, if the standard is not lived up TO.
The work now is being carried on prin-
cipally
IN THE TWIN CITIES,
though whenever complaints are made
from other places the commission looks
of the prosecutions in the courts, 81. &.
Howard looks after the outside work
among the diaries, and w. S. Eberman,
who has been secretary of the commits
sion since the Office was inaugurated.
has charge of making the
tests and preparing the evidence.
There are two milk collectors
in ST. Paul and in Minneapolis f. NJ.
Ives and A. Chapel are.carrying On the
work. Secretary Eberman made some
special tests yesterday afternoon for the
benefit of newspaper men, to give them
an idea of how the analyses are made.
He was found by the press representa-
tives in the little room at the capitol
that does duty as laboratory just now.
wearing a long white apron, reaching
from his neck to his knees, and with a
skull cap on, he looked like some high
Masonic dignitary, as ne bent over his
test tubes and other implements. Ac-
cOrding to all the evidence that could be
collected, the analyses made in this
state are much more complete than
those in New York, Massachusetts and
other states, where the laws are being
enforced as they are in Minnesota. The
analyses are carried on with the appar-
atuS recently imported, with which the
measurements, ETC., can be made to a
great degree of eXactness. This was
thought advisable, as the system of
ties is used last year was not what
chemist would consider correct, so Mr..
Eberman says. and hence new system
was adopted, for it is on the evidence
resulting from these analyses that the
state relies in bringing its suits.
HOW TESTS ARE MADE.
A preliminary test is made with a
lactOscope-whichi is simply tube with
graduations on both sides. On one
side the graduations are in centimeters,
to denote the amount of water that is
put in during the test, and on the other
the graduatiOnS give the percentage of
fatty matter in the milk tested. Fixed
in the bottom of this tube and running
up on the inside is a small white pro-
lection, with black lines across it. The
test consists OF putting in quantity of
milk-juSt how much depends on how
the large tube is gagged; the one used
yesterday was for four cubic cent?
meters-and then adding water until
can be seen through the diluted milk.
uated sides of the lactoscope in
dictate pretty nearly the amount
of fats in the milk in question. Some
times a sample shows with this test
alone, that it is or more per cent. of
fatty matter, and it is regarded as good
milk and no further test is made. But
if the lactoscope shows the percentage
to be just about on the limit of 81 per
cent. which the law requires, then a
more delicate examination is made.
This is begun with what an ordinary
person would call simply glass tube,
but which Mr.. Eberman said was a
lactobutr0meter. Into this tube 10
centimeterS of milk and 10 centimeters
of ether are put and thoroughly shaken.
Then 10 centimeters of alcohol are
added, and this precipitates the casein,
which settles at the bottom. The tube
is then put in water bath at 1919, and
the fatty matter rises to the top. This
indicates pretty nearly the amount of
fatty matter. Some of the mixture is
then weighed in platinum cups, on a
differential balance, adjusted to weigh
to the thOuSandth part of a mIllligram.
"After we get the quantity wanted we
give the owner of the milk the
the benefit of one drop more," said Mr..
Eberman. These platinum cups are
then placed in water bath, kept at a
temperature of 210o, until the alcohol
and ether is all evaporated. Petroleum
alcohol is then added to the residue
which dissolves the fats and this is
placed in porcelain oven, kept at a
tpmnnrafurp nf cnroofhinO ouar o00o
until the oils and alcohol is gone. and
the residue is then weighed. This
gives the weight of the fats which is
what the commission wants to know.
The results of these experiments are
carefully noted On cards prepared for
the purpose, and will furnish the evil
dence i'll the suits that are brought. The
analyses are carried further, to de-
termine the amount of milk, sugar, ash,
casein, etc., etc.
KEEPING TAB ON THEM.
A series of blanks for reports from
milk dealers and proprietorS of cheese
factories has been prepared for use by
the commission in making out its re-
ports: The collectors of samples have
tags designed for this especial use, one
kind for milk from wagons
and another from that taken
from stores. The former has blank
spaces for the name on the wagon, the
name of the driver, the locality, the
number of cans in the wagon, and the
collectors name; the latter, blanks for
the name of the proprietor of the store,
his street and number, the name of the
clerk, the price paid, the time deliv-
cred, etc. On the back of these tags are
the blanks for the results of the an
alysis.
Mr.. Howard yesterday sent in to the
commissioner a report on his work in
Minneapolis on the condition of themilk
diaries. Mr.. Howard says in this re.
port:
In the samples of milk taken from wagons
determine their richness in fat. We had nc
means of knowing how IL had heen nrnduced