The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-01-15

Ons OF the ehflltst ihtci P'0'o'' va ,.I
ence, In his treaties on the causes OF "eai.l
land prosperity, classiiies them ohde, .a'
HEADS of general and particular acciueh's
THE former are abundance VI nhanu'a ",
lures, character OF the people, extent W
commerce and sagacity OF the govern
ment The particular accidents are III,
fertility of the soil ana convenience VI
geographical location. The former may
exist in any country, the latter are Pecu
liar 20 some; and Say, sclentist oi ia'e,
epocb, in reviewing this declaration VI
Serra's remarks that more savings are
made, IN re capital accumulated from .he
nrofits of manufacture and It's manu- lhaiuen
trade. than from agriculture win all oi i'S
adventurous accessories. Manufacture anu
commerce are always coupled, because
while either may exist in restrained con
dition without the other, each 9'talnS i,'
greatest excellence when acting IN reel
procity with the other; so that IN u'sCuS9
ing one the other, en- HecesSttdtf Ies' W.
comes part of the argument
II a fact which history teaches from
ancient PhUnpcia TO modern EnSlahu, INA,
as "A nation advances in the mtchahiCa'
arts. In that ratio does 1t advance In wealth.
and civilization; and that neither ihal''n
nails can extend or fertalize their country
havond what the nature Of things permits
hut they have unlimited power oi eniaig'
inc their capital and employing a larger
hody of industry through manufactures,
and thus of multiplying products 10 "'he'
words, increasing wealth. Commerce pro-
duces nothing OF itself, but in Ike manner
as manufacture 1t cooperates with PRIV
duc;ion by augmeHtlng the value OF pro
ducts. rs by their transportation from one
nl,ra IN another their condition Is modi.
fad ana thus those which were not before
available are adapted to our use. by the
mere EXPORT OF natural products-cOtton,
grain etc.-a poor nation, in the Infancy oi
| ia civilization, may signally elevate lis
agricultural interests, but great nation
has never thereby attained great wealth,
civilization or power Dr. List, the Ger
man economist, declares further that the
nroduction of our material and food Is OF
~ -est importance among nations, only with
| rapard 10 local and internal commerce. by
, the means of manufacture the raw pro
ducts of the soil, of the earth, are convert,
et into goods of much more condensed
| value.
The value Of manufactures is very clear
" set forth by Adam Smith, who asserts
that "a small quantity of manufactured
produce purchases great quantity OF ruue
produce" A manufacturing and trading
people, therefore, with small quantity OF
their manufactured products, will purchase
the greater part of the rude produce OF a
non manufacturing people, and, contrari'
wise, the people without manufactures are
Obliged 10 purchase, at the expense OF the
greater part of their rude products very
small per centage OF the manufactured
products of their neighbOrs; and the latter
will always enjoy a much greater quantity,
and possibly much better quality, of sub
sistence than their own lands would afford.
One becomes wealthy, powerful splendid
ly refined and civilized; the other never
rises above condition Of mere self-su
tainment, because she eXhausts her re-
sources In contributing to the advancement
of another. In manufacture experiment
Is hazar,led on safer grounds of calculation,
capital Is engaged for n shorter period, and
IL success ensues the investor Is better re-
warded. The Geno, ese, with territory
not able to produce a twentieth of the nee
essaries of life, have lived for years In af'
iluence, because they produce manufac-
tured wares of commerce-they practice
the mechanical arts. England is the most
essentially manufacturing country In Eu'
rope, while Turkey is thoroughly the oppo.
posite, vet the natural resources Of Turkey
are vastly supetior 10 those OF England,
but In every other particular the SUPERIOR
ty of Engaud is beyond comparison. Cap.
ital is only productive when 1t works in
concert with enterprise and industry, and
II is subject to continual wear and Consump-
ton In the process OF industrial produc-
tlon, bu, ii Is being continually replaced by
this very process OF production.
This country Is 50 splendidly endowed
by nature, and possessed of so many other
fortunate conditions, that she is rapidly
becoming one of the formost manutactur-
ing countries on the globe. We are now
the greatest producers of raw materials,
and our people are the most energetic, In
genious and progressive under the sun
With the fostering protection afforded by
the laws, with the special adaptation of
our people to mechanical enterprise and
industry, and their natural inclination to-
wards them, and, above all, with our I'M
mense domestic demand and consumption,
which increases in just proportion with
the rapid increase OF population, our des'
tiny seems to be to become the great indus
trial center. the great producing nation of
the world Reasons which are logically
correct In their application 10 nations,
should obtain part paSsu when applied to
their Subdivisions into states, cities and
tow ms; and so | started this article, with the
broad proposition that no city can become
eminently great and prosperous without
manufactures. A further illustration of
this is given by a comparison made by an
English economist. Between 1901 "nd
1881 Birmingham increased from t3,G s to
400, 1j1, nearly 800 per cent; Shettlelu
from 81 ,3l4 to 2S4 40, nearly 800 per cent
Leeds from 53l62 to 300 ,236, nearly 800
per cent Paisley from 81, l,9 TO i9,O96,
800 per cent. Bradford from 6 303 to 1873,
l32, about 900 per cent Bolton from H.,
4i6 to l05, 1872, over 800 per cent, These
cities are celebrated as manufacturing
cities. Now compare their growth with
that OF cities whose inhabitants rely
chiefly on agricultural resources and local
trade Between 1901 and 1881 Dover in
creased - per cent, Somerset 81 and Suf
folk II per cent, The average increase of
six non manufacturing counties did not
exceed SO per cent. in eighty years, while
the ~ erage increase In six manufacturing
cities was 600 per cent. These statements
prove cOnclusiyely that manufactures have
the effect of increasing population and
1.l.