davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
ST. PAUL REAL ESTATE.

Only sixteen deeds were recorded yester-
day for the modest little total consideration
of S26, 900, as follows:
S O'Brien to P d Scannell, 1t 2, blk 2.
Bass subd Ceilings Out Lots .. 50, 500
B W Spooner to c P. Carpenter, Its % :
and %, blk 4, Birmingham I'd 1, 900
c j Grant to II Grant. 1t %, blk 16,
Dewey, Bass d. Bohrer. ...1.5O 500
NJ Auerbach to G Sandahl, 1t z. blk SO,
AueTbach's rearr White Bear . 400
II Hirsch to Bonn, 1t 8, blk 8, brakes
rearr McLean's reserve ........ $50
StAnthony Park company to C A Cud-
worth, Its and 5,blk 80, st Anthony
Park; 49,. ,OOO
st Anthony Park company to C Cud- r.
worth. 1t 9, blk Il, st Anthony Park 3 700
JAS Giitllan TO j Stariha, 1t Ii, blk 9,
w 7 Kirke to j Weber, 1t i9, blk 2. -i''
Bryant's Randolph 900
Nj Connolly TO l B Harris Its 5, 6 ard z,
blk ,. Silver Lake Park, Minneapolis 900
c III Gerber to Nelson, Its 10 and IL.
blk S, Eastyille Heights. -. 1, 600
C II Pratt TO NJ B Whitney, 1t 30, blk 81,
St Anthony Park ................... 700
d NJ Henderson to j Fairchild, Its %
and ID, blk 6, Gladstone ..... 700
A Hoenck to A C Bruce, 1t 5, Michael's
rearr Mackubin L. Iglelart's add 5, 900
M E Baker to j NJ Smith, 1t 1, blk 3, 1t
Z, blk 6, Wann's add. ..... 1000
Campbell to Dempsey y 1t Ian
geyints div . OOO
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
ANNOUNCEMENTS.

THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
l. st. Paul Real Estate Title Insurance com
gany will be held at the general offices of the
company, Room ~, Globe building St. Paul,
ON Tuesday Nov. 1, at 10 a. M, for the pur-
posesiof elechng fifteen directors and trans
acting such other business as may properly
come before the meeting. The transfer
hooksaof the company will be closed ON the
.20th day of October and remain closed
until the ID day Of November at 10 o'clock
in the forenoon. Charles S. Bunker sec
rptpry
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
Two Thousand Miles for $40.

1.-THE Burlington will place OIL sale
Nov. 1, 1887, two-thousand7 mile tickets
at the low rate of cents per mile. They
can be purchased at the city ticket
offices, No. 5 Nicollet house, Minneapo-
lis, and Hotel Ryan, st. Paul.: u.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
Cost of an Accident.

RICHMOND, Ind, Oct. 27.-The Pan
handle read paid $1,000 yesterday after
noon as compromise for the killing of
Joseph Rich and child, the injury of his
wife and the loss of team. The acct
dent was the result OF fast running at a
bad crossing.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
The Finest

Carload of winter apples ever shipped
into st. Paul has just been received by
Michaud Bros, wholesale and retail
grocerS, Seventh and Vabasha.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
HO!

The finest stock of horse goods, har-
ness, blankets and robes ever in the city
at Mast. Buford & Burwell conipany's,
corner Third and Broadway.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
Total, sixteen pieces.
....$26,60

BUILDING PERMITS.
+ The following permits to build were issued
yesterday:
Mrs E o Lally, History frame dwell
ing, Conway, near Hester. So, 4CO
Chris Peterson, History frame dwell
ing, Western av, near Topping. 80. l. 600
M Whiting. 2-story frame dwelling,
Cromwell, near Pym..... ............ ., 400
Charles Wilson, 2-story brick store and
dwelling, Seventh, near Locust LOCO
John Arnold, 1-story frame dwelling,
Earl, near Dawson. :...-.....:::.... GOO
James Pitzer, 1-story frame dwelling,
Auerbach, near Burgess. .. 500
James Bryant, HISTORY frame dwell
ing, lrequois, near Milton. 1 900
John Maggie, 2-story double frame
dwelling, Livingstone, near Colorado. 5, 900
Eight minor permits Observation-Disclosures. 800
Total, II permits. SIG, 200
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28

Sleighs and cutters of every descrip-
ton for business and pleasure, elegant
plush and fur robes, sleigh bells. chimes,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
Don't You Know

We can sell you cut, or buy what, you
want? Try us. Tall ,tS Co., 421 Robert.
street, opposite Ryan. hetel,i. g. sis..
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28

plumes. harness, horse goods. etc. Call
early. Mast, BufOrd 81 Burwell COM
pany, corner Third and Broadway.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
Eurniture.

Carpets, stoves, etc, at lowest prices,
either cash or Oh the installment plan,
at Benedict's, 176 West Seventh street.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
"Lost Her New Bonnet, -

Driving so fast after can of Snow
Flake Baking Powder. Stoddart &
White, l9l Western.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
Palace Sleiehs.

Display of pianos in the city at Nun
gers.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
DIED..

MURNANE-In st. Paul. at residence, No.
S4l3 Bantl street. Annie. beloved wife of
uHugh Murnane. Funeral from late resi-
Iedenee Saturday, Oct. %, at $40 a. IN.
1sServices at the Cathedral. Friends in
"A N-ifnd
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
A Biz Circus Dcai

NEW YORK, Oct. 27.-,James y. Bailey
to-day purchased the entire interest of
James Hutchinson, w. w. Cole and j.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
he Finest

Fresh Imported and Key West cigars.
Fine box trade specially.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
Make Your Selections
Adam Fetsch, Third andJackson.

OF pianos at Munger's, for the holidays,
and avoid the rush.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28

Great Reduction in Railroad
Fares.
Commencing Nov. 1, 1887, the Wis
consin Central line will sell 2,0O0-mile
tickets at the rate of two cents per mile.
These tickets will be no sale at Com
pany offices in st. Paul and Mime
apolis.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28

Place Your Business
To sell or exchange with Tall & Co., 421
Robert.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1887-10-28
GOOD NEWS TO TRAVELLERS.

OTTo DREHER, Secretary.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
TO PREVENT DISASTER.
A Device Intended to Prevent Seri-
Gus Consequences when Railroad
Trains are Deraiied.

A Device Intended TO Prevent Seri-
Gus Consequences when Railroad
Trains are Deraiied.
At the Ryan hotel was exhibited yester-
day for the first time in the Northwest a
model of a patent device for railway trains,
which is intended to prevent accident after
derailment. The appliance is exhibited by
It's inventor, A. A. Brooks. Mr.. Brooks
spent sixteen years railroading and has
thought out this device. knowing that a
large majority of accidents occur ON account
of broken rail OF misplaced switch.
The contrivance is an extra pair of
wheels. placed on the same axle-on car
inside the others and on an engine outside
the others, by which the train is compelled
to follow the rails after dropping off them.
the extra wheels falling beside the rails and
serving as guide to keep the train Oh the
ties. An engine axle being usually two
feet shorter than a car axle, this simply
brings it out to the same width. Ii train
having this appliance strikes an open switch
it is claimed that 1t will be guided along by
the rails and extra wheels, the engine being
guided by one rail and the cars by another.
If pulled back, in this instance, the train
will take its proper place on the lails. The
actual cost of atfiXing the contriyance to
any car. not counting patterns or royalty,
is about 500; to an engine about ne-thrd
more. In the case of an engine it is only
necessary to make the axle two feet longer
and of the car to have the increased dame
ter extended inward far enough to turn a
second shoulder. The device will be on
exhibition at the Merchants to-day.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
SALTWATER NEWS.

Judge McCluer returned from a trip to
dubuque yesterday afternoon.
IL. Is. Wadleigh, of Clinton, Ia, is looking
over the lumber market In this city.
Col William HI. Feler, of Elgin, Mimi, Wis
lieu his daughter, Mrs. E. +. Barrett, Of this
city, yesterday.
Warden II. G. Stordock went to st. Paul
yesterday afternoon to meet his wife and
family who are on their way TO this city.
A special session of the city council was
held last evening for the purpose OF designat-
ing the new polling places and to appoint
clerks OF election for each of the six pre-
'cincts.
Louis Abenberg, who has been several
months in Europe, returned to this city
Today and is receiving the congratulations OF
MS friends upon his prosperous journey and
safe return
Phi Potts, Esq, who has been in the whole
sale business in-this city for the past thirteen
years is selling out his entire stock and will
devote himself entirely to the care OF his real
estate in st. Paul,
The Lillian Lewis Opera company will con-
clude a very successful weeks engagement
ut the Grand opera house with matinee this
AFTERNOON at which .'Frou Frou' will be
given and in the evening ''The Creole
Hon. }. N. Castle returned from Fargo,
OAK, yesterday morning in company with
Receiver Brown, of the car company, the
gentlemen having been up there to try case
III which the company was interested.
The high school grammar grade gave q lit
erary entertainment at the high school build
ing yesterday afternoon for the benefit of the
school library. In the evening the High
School Literary society gave its programme.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
PER RSONALS.

j. w. Atwood, Bayfield,, is at the Windsor.
George Spencer, of Duluth, was at the
Ryan.
Sheriff j. E. Getman, of Kasson, is at the
Windsor.
j. E. Boss. an Idaho miner, camped at the
Ryan yesterday.
John +. Meagher, of Mankato was at the
Merchants last evening.
Lieut.. Gov. Rice and Senator Hall started
for Chicago last evening.
Charles G. Wilson, of Rochester, occupied
seat in the Ryan rotunda.
Profs. J. l.. Noyes and Noel Gale, of Fari-
bault, were at the Merchants.
Gov. McGil went to lie Sueur yesterday to
attend the Farmers institute.
Capt James N. Paul and wife, Berlin, Ger
many, have rooms at the Windsor.
Ex-Representative l.. H. Mckusick, of Pine
City. paid a visit to the city yesterday.
Senator Duiant and Isaac Staples repre-
sented Saltwater at the Merchants yesterday.
W. ID. Lowry, of Fergus Falls, who did such
good service In the last Democratic state
campaign, was at the Ryan, in company with
Secretary Robert Miller Of Fergus Falls.
Mrs. ]. L. Hinckley. of Fargo. and Mrs. A.
G. Leunngren. of New York, were at the
Ryan on their way East to New York, where
Mrs. Hinckley will be the guest of Mrs.
Leunngren.
Capt L. r. Huddleston passed through the
city yesterday on his return from Europe, en-
route to his farm in Sauk Centre. While
absent he was married in Lincoln, England,
and returns with his bride.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
NEW CORPORATIONS.
A Street Hallway Company in Min
neapolis--A Land and Loan Com

A Street Hallway Company in Min
neapolis--A Land and Loan Conn
pany.
Articles Incorporating the Minneapolis
West Side Street Railway company were
filed yesterday with the secretary of state.
The company proposes TO construct and OPP
crate line of horse railway from Lake
Calhoun easterly to the proposed Lake
street bridge. and branch from the main
line to the entrance of Lakewood cemetery
The capital stock is fixed at $500, 600, di-
vided into 1000 shares. The incorporators
are Randolph Burgess, John T. Byrnes, A.
G. Chamberlain, Henry j. Mitchell and
Matthew Walsh, all of Minneapolis.
Articles incorporating the Western Land
and Loan company, of Mankato, were also
filed. Capital stock is placed at $50, 600.
G. F. Piper, l.. A. Linder, B. Tuttle, j. l..
Washburn and E. c. Warner are the incor-
porators.
A copy of the constitution of the German
Evangelical Lutheran Trinity of the I'm
altered Augsburg Confession, of Lowell.
Polk county. was filed with the secretary of
state.
Articles of incorporation of the Hekla
Iron Mining company of st. Paul. Mimi.
and Ashland, Wis. were filed in the regis
ter of deeds office yesterday. The capital
stock is placed at 81, 900, 900, divided into
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
- viii he argued and submitted to the

Office will be argued and submitted to the
court to-day
Noble-Franklin Lodge No. 2, A. o. U. W.,
last evening voted to take twenty-five shares
OF temple stock.
Monday and Thursday afternoons have been
set aside by the board of public works for
hearing of property owners and transaction
OF open business.
In yesterdays GLOBE George W. Hill, of
this city. was spoken of as the editor of the
Minnesota Farmer. 1t should have been
editor of The Farmer, of st. Paul.
William Delaney was yesterday reelected
fire warden of the city by a board consisting
of the mayor, the chairman of the board of
fire commissioners and the building in
spector.
Albertina Finstadt, Scandinavian servant
girl, who wandered from her employers
house and was picked up ut Lake Como, was
yesterday adjudged insane, and win be sent TO
the insane asylum at st. Peter.
The council committee on streets met last
night and decided to recommend the location
of five additional water hydrants. They
acted on q communication from the chamber
of commerce asking for twenty hydrants.
Maj. II. NJ. Newson will deliver the first of
his series of lectures on the members of the
United States Senate in 80 and 81 before
Gen. Ord post, G. A. r., on Monday evening
next, and before Bircher post on Tuesday
evening Maj Newson has received invi-
tations to deliver these lectures in several
cities of the state.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
KING FOR A DAY.
will Angel. the Governors Exec
utive Clerk, Holds the Reins of
state Government.


When Gov. McGill. Lieut.. Gov. Rice
and the governors private secretary, Mr..
Moore, are out of the city, Will Angel, the
governors executive clerk, is governor pro
TEN of Minnesota. Yesterday was one of
these days. The chief executive had gone
to LIE Sueur to attend a meeting of farm
ers and the duties of the state were rest
ing rather heavily on Angell's shoulders.
But, like old man Atlas that the fables
speak Of he carried the affairs of that part
of the universe within the corporate limits
of the state without bending any to speak Of
A beautifully informal way Gov. McGill
has of turning over to Mr. Angel the man.
agement of affairs. He puts on little style.
Here is his proclamation, issued yesterday
morning. 1t was found blowing across the
floor. having been sifted out of the waste
basket by the strong March wind, which
blows through the veptilating windows put
in the building by MI. Burlington. The Or
der reads:
My Dear Angel: Am going to LIE sueur
for day. J. K. goes with me. Hold things
even. MCGILL.
When this was picked up by reporter
the janitor's attention was called to the
document, and he placed it back on the eX-
ecutive desk that it might be preserved, if
thought advisable, among the other archives
of the state. The legislative bills had all
been signed or rejected by Mr.. McGill, two
judges had also been appointed and several
commissions had been signed, so there was
little for Mr.. Angel to do, except keep the
shop and do his regular work, for st. Paul
and Minneapolis are such large twins,
Mr.. Angel said. that he would not take the
liberty of appointing judges for these dis
tricts, and all visitors who wanted a hear
ing on these points were told to wait until
his excellency was back at his desk again.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
West Side Nafes.

The contract for placing and rigging the
electric light mast on Prospect terrace has
been let.
There being no quorum present at the meet
ing of the West St. Paul union last night, an
adjournment was taken until next week.
The city council of South st. Paul will hold
q meeting this afternoon at the Mcclellan
school on the West side to elect mayor and
transact other important business relative to
organizing the municipal government of the
new town.
Maj. T. NJ. Newson will deliver his lecture
on "The Senators of 1S60-61'' before Bircher
post G. A. R., of West st. Paul, next Tues
day evening. This lecture will be followed
on subsequent dates by two others ON sub
jects relative to the war of the Rebellion.
Residents Of the West side, who have occa-
sion to pass along Dakota avenue after dark,
complain of the insufficient light on the ave
nue. at the curve, near Colorado street., A
number of robberies have occurred there in
times past and it is asserted that it is unsafe
to pass there on dark nights.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12

the West side with all modern improvements.
frame dwelling for J. j. McCardy on Day
ton avenue and Kent street to cost S9,0Uo.
A frame dwelling at the corner of DE SOTO
and Minnehaha streets for j. Fryckberg at u
cost of 81, 500.
A $4,000 two-story frame dwelling for j.
SchmitZ near Irvine park.
Architect Millard has the following In
preparation, among others:
A $1,000 residence on Holly avenue, be-
tween Arundel and Mackubin streets.
residence between Lawton and Floral
streets. on Grand avenue, to cost $1,000
Architect Hand is preparing plans for a
f0ur-StUry brick block to be erected on St.
Peter street, near Seventh, at cost of
$50, 900.
Architect Wallmgford has completed
plans as follows:
For $4,000 residence for Allan Brown.
corner of Pleasant avenue and Ramsey
street.
Residence for II. A. Campbell near Macal
ester, to cost $4,000.
a 5000 residence for Mr. Brewster oppo-
site Manchester station.
"A three-story brick block OF three stores
and offices to be built on Seventh street at u
cost of $4,000.
Architect Treherne is preparing plans for a
S200,OO0 business block, six stories, to be
erected on Jackson street. 1t will be 50Xl25
feet in size.
OTHER BUILDINGS THIS YEAR.
Two brick blocks on lower Seventh street
to be built by Henry Hale. One is -four stories
near Rosabel street, fifty feet front, at a cost
of $4,000. The other will be near Locust
street, three stories, to cost S25. 200.
A number of buildings are to be erected at
South Park, now South st. Paul, among them
a Sl1, coo block of stores by DR.. Bryant, and
S12. 900 frame block by the Clark & Bryant
syndicate.
A fine block of tenement houses at the cor
ner of Summit avenue and Cedar street, 210
feet front, by DR.. j. c. Nelson, costing
S125, 600.
A tenement block at the corner of Summit
avenue and Minnesota street, 200 feet front,
by William Lindeke, costing Sl50,000.
A S22. 600 residence facing Central park by
C. j. Miller. Adjoining Mr.. Mller's, an S1S,
900 residence by J. d. Humphrey.
a $4,000 honse by S. NJ. Cary on the west
of Central park.
Adjoining Mr. Cary's, $4,000 residence
by Myron Brown.
Alderman Petsch will build Il S25, 900 house
on the corner of Grant street and Sherburne
avenue.
Webster Smith, on Brewster avenue, a
1000 residence,
Near Mr.. Smiths, John Herman will build
$4,000 house.
c. f. Dickerman will erect $4,000 house
on Nelson avenue, facing Summit park, to be
built mostly of copper and iron.
Dennis Ryan will erect the hotel annex for
which the foundations are now in. 1t will be
110X250 feet, six stories in hight, and will cost
$3.50, 900.
A S15, 900 four story brick block on Mime
sofa, between Sixth and Seventh streets, by
Timothy Reardon.
An apartment block by J. ]. Hill, at the
corner of Pleasant avenue and Walnut street,
at Il cost of 900.
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
AsHoRT-sIcHTED A POLICY.
What Architect Bell Has to Say of
the New Government Building i'm

what Architect Bell Has to Say of
the New Government Building in
ST. Paul.
Special to the Globe
WASHINGTON, March 11.-"The short
sightedness of policy of buying build
ing site only for present needs was never
better illustrated, said Supervising Archi-
tect Bell to-day, ethan in the case of st.
Paul, where we are going to enlarge and
improve the public building 1t has been
found absolutely essential, in order to ac-
complish this result, to buy a strip of land
50Xl50 feet on Fifth, between Wabasha
and st. Peter streets. This property is
owned by Joseph Hail. and the government
will pay $65. 900 for it. An agent of the
department was sent out to st. Paul in con-
nection with this matter, and he thought a
fair valuation of the land was about $780,
900. The people of st. Paul. however.
thought differently, and the government, in
order to obtain the necessary tract, was
forced to double its offer. BY the new
acquisition we will be enabled to increase
the facilities for transacting the public bust
ness at ST. Paul. but the government should
not have been hampered so long on small
site. The old building will be enlarged
and otherwise improved, congress having
made proper provision for this, and there
will be no further complaint for many
years. L trust. regarding a lack of accom-
mOdationS."
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
Buffalo Culture.

Buffalo Express.
3 81 can't understand, !" remarke a re-
porter to gay young society friend, show
it is that while L never saw you with a
book in your hand in my life except Don't. ,
at Miss Blanks party the other evening
overheard you in a high literary conversa-
tion. Why you seemed to be conversant
with every word of all the prominent au-
thors, even some never head of myself -
--''If you wont give it away | will tell
you" rejoined the social success. drawing
the reporter into corner and producing a
publishers catalogue from his pocket.
Now, name any author you find marked. ;"
The reporter selected Black. when he
ratified off like school boy, Princess of
Thule, Daughter of Heth,," Madcap
Violet, IVY olande, n'Judith Shakespeare, -
macleod of Dare" etc. 1t was just the
same with most of the other leading au-
thorS.
.'And don't you ever get beyond the
tite?" inquired the reporter.
mot myself; they'd all rather give their
opinion of a book than hear one, and when
l get into a tight place l just switch off
upon another author or title"
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
AMUSE M e NTS.


Itwas another rush for seats at the Grand
last evening to witness that jingle OF supreme
nonsense "a Parlor Match This is bilious
weather and people are impressed with the
belief that there is nothing 50 well calculated
to dispel dyspeptic conditions as a good
square laugh. And there is nowhere they
can get more of it to the square inch than in
this extravagantly humorous performance.
Evans has the most comical pair of bone
less legs that ever warped around the foot
lights. His elongated foot is just as much at
home in his vest pocket as when it is doubled
around three sides Of sofa. ~
At the matinee performance this afternoon
a copy of Hoey's topical song, II Haven't For
a Long Time Now" IN sheet music, will be
presented as souvenir to every lady who
buys reserved seat.
Hoey is the funniest comedian on the stage
to-day. Everything about him is entirely
original, and there is no other comedian who
is funny in such a quiet, peculiar way.
Sale of seats for James ONeili in s'Monte
Cristo.' now in progress.
There will be Sunday night performance
of Itparlor Match.'
St. Paul daily globe., 1887-03-12
Total, 4s pieces, ......... sa4
The DeaIhaf Eads

DEW ORLEANS. March 1.-THE Times
Democrat to-day, commenting Oh the death
of Capt. James B. Eads, says the loss is a
calamity to mankind, particularly at the
usefulness of his fame as great engineer
and scientist, when the crowning glory of
his long and useful life, that giant work
which his genius had conceived. and
which it was his dearest wish to live long
enough to carry forward to triumphal sue
cess, needed his master mind, his guiding
hand, his death indeed is deplorable. Re-
gardlng the jetties and benefits resulting
therefrom to the Mississippi valley, it says:
This one engineering enterprise of his has
added 81, 500, 100000 to the wealth of farmers
and manufacturers OF this vast region, which
he opened to the largest steamers of the
world. -. - -. -. -. -. :.