The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-04-27
Ceremonies Incident to the Unveilinc of
a Statue of the Great Nullitier.
An Imposing Street Parade of Civic and MILF
tary Organizations, Followed by an Elo-
quent Address by Hon. L. O. G. Lamar.
A Scholarly Tribute to the Character q
the South Carolina Statesman.
A Brief Description Of the Statue-A Plan
Originated by Women in 1S54aEd Finally
Carried to Successful Completion.

Carried to Successful Completion.
CHARLESTON, S. c., April 26-Calhouu day
broke bright and beautiful. and at an early hour
great throngs began to gather along the line of
march Of the grand military and civic process
sion which preceded the unveiling ceremonies.
Nearly ali the chief men of this State and many
prominent visitors from abroad are here to do
honor TO the memory Of South Caroina's dis
tingushed son. There was considerable delay
in forming the procession, and the ceremonies,
which should have commenced at IL A. st, were
delayed until PM The parade formed on
South Battery and marched through the main
monument is erected. Upon the arrival Of tbs
procession in the square the chief marshal Of the
day called the vast asssmblage to order. and the
Mayor who presided, asked the Rev. Charles
Cotseworth Pinckney, D D.. to make the open
ing prayer. The rush to hear Secretary Lamar
was immense. aud the great square was
black with people. while every available gal
lery. plaza, balcony, window and other point
of vantage on the Citadel and the windows on
King, Calhoun and Meeting Streets inclosing
the square on three sides, were occupiad.
At a few minutes past o'clock the uaveiling
ceremonies began. The statue was unveiled by
thirty-two young ladies clad in white, who oc-
cupied the pedestal After any artillery salute
Secretary Lamar began his oration. His oration
IAN elaborate ami ELOQUENT paneeyric-was
comprehensive analysis Of the character of Mr..
Calhoun, and brilliant portrayal Of his career
as statesman It delnested his social moral
and intellectual traits, which rendered him ma
jestic figure, master mind among his fellow
men, and it gave rational definition to the real
purposes and true spirit of the great Carolinian
as a leader Of public opinion and ss the author
of important public measures Calhoun's purity
of life and sterling integrity were the granite
foundation of the character underlying and sup
porting the splendid superstructure of his ex-
alted qualities of genius, eloquence, wisdom and
patriotism, and the people of South Carolina. in
erecting this statue, might feel that they were
rendering and perpetuatine their homage to the
majesty OF mora, rectitude OF Mr.. Calhoun's
Stats-rights ideas and notification doctrine the
orator said:
.sIn defense of the action OF his State and in
opposition 20 the doctrines Of General Jaekson's
proclamation and the legislation in support of it,
Mr.. Calhoun put FORTH" said the speaker, 'sthose
profound expositions Of political principles which.
as Mr.. Webster afterward said. will descend to
posterity under the sanction Of great name
''The leading idea of those expositions is that
the American Union is democratic. federal re-
public-a politicai system compounded of the
separate governments of the several States and
of one common government of all the States,
called the government of the United States.
Each was created by written constitution, those
of the particular States by the people of each
acting separately, and that of the United States
by the people of each in its sovereign capacity,
but acting jointly. The entire powers of govern
ment are divided between the two-those lodged
in the general government being delegated by
specific and enumerated grants in the Constitu-
ton; and all others not delegated being reserved
to the States respectively or to the people.
The powers of each are sovereign, and neither
derives its powers from the other In their re-
spective spheres neither IS subordinate 70 the
other, but coordinate and, being coordinate,
each has the right OF protecting its own powers
from the encroachments OF the other. the two
combined forming one entire and perfect gov
ernment The line OF demsrkatlon between the
| delegated powers to the federal government and
the power reserved to the States is plain. mas
| much as all the powers delegated to the govern
ment are expressly laid down, and those not
| delegated are reserved to the States unless spe-
| cialy prohibited
sThe greater part of the powers delegated to
| the general government relate directly or indi-
rectly to two great divisions of authority; the
| one pertaining to the foreign relations OF the
| country, the other of internal character, and
pertaining the exterior relations of the States,
| tae purposes for which the Constitution
| was formed being power. security and respecta-
! bility without and peace. tranquility and har-
! mony within.
...lf,sr full exposition of these propositions,
| Mr. Calhoun employs the following strong and
! vigorous language
Taking ali the parts together the people of twenty
four independent and sovereign States. confederated
by solemn constitutional compact into one great
federal community with system of government. in
| all of which powers separated into the great
primary divisions of the constitution making and the
max ng powers, those of the latter class being
divided between the common and joint government of
all the States and the and local governments
of each State respectively and finally. the powers
of both. distributed among three separate and indie.
! pendent departments-legislative executive and
| judicial-presents in the whole political system
as remarkable for it's grandeur it is for its novelty
and refinement of organization. For the structure of
| such system. SO wise just ard benefcent. are
| far more indebted TO experimenting Providence
that so disposed events as to lead as If by an invisible
hand its formation than TO those who erected it.
Intelligent. experienced and patriotic they were
| they were but builders under his experimenting
| direction. To preserve this sacred distribution as
originally settled by coercing each to in its pre-
scribed orbit, is the great and difficult problem
the solution of which the duration OF our Consttu-
tion of Union. and in all probability liberty
| depends.
/ HE next addressed himself to the great ques-
| ton. What provision does the Constitution OF
the United States, or the system itself. furnish
to preserve this and the other DIVISION OF
powersp He then proceeds TO show that from
| the relations which subsist between co ordinate
governments and from law universally ap-
plicabie to division of power, whether between
governments or departments of governments. a
| mutual negative on the part OF each is necessary
to protect each from the other. and that in .
case of conflict as the limits OF their respective
authority neither has ths right to impose by
| force its decision against the other, but must
| appeal TO a power paramount to either; whose
decision is final and binding on both That
| paramount power in our system is the conven-
tion of States: the most august and imposing
embodiment of political authority known to the
American system of government And this Is
the doctrine OF qualification.
| .A5 a resuit of the events, which IN an earlier
part of these remarks. / have discussed, the
right of nullihcaton. even in the minds OF those
who once asserted that right, no longer has a
| place in the apparatus of our political system
| No one now has the si ghtest dream OF any resort
to state interpostiGn remedy for political
grievances Nor would 1t be fair to state the
arguments adduced by him in support of nullifi-
cation without presenting those advanced IN
opposition to the doctrine.
But the sincerity of his patriotism in this
matter should in justice TO his name and fame,
be cleared Of the aspersiops of those who have
reported him conspirator impeled by am
2ition to arouse sectional animosIties ana pas
sions with view to tearing the Union
asunder. And 1t Is with view to this alone
that shall further refer to his course on this
ouastion