The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-10-29
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

| IL 10 saul bhdb the DelPIan glass
workers are now preparing to make
glass into various shapes and patterns
by running sheets of it at just the right
temperature to work nicely through
steel rollers.
The question rs to what is the exact
mechanical equivalent of heat has long
puzzled engineers. The latest expert
! ments show that one pound of water
raised one degree Fahrenheit, is equal
to one pound lifted 7G9 feet. -PhjJadeE-
pLiG Record
The Pittsburgh Iron World saws
that Pittsburgh steel-makers have es-
tablished agencies for the sale of the
finer grades of steel suitable for making
cutlery in Europe, India and Australia.
Their sales have been so considerable
as to practically guarantee an estab-
lished trade. Steel has been sold in
competition with an Englsh-made arti-
Gle at the same price.
An investigation as to the height
of summer clouds, made in Sweden.
under the auspices of the Royal Scien-
tific Society of Upsala, shows that
clouds occur most frequently at heights
of twentY-three hundred and fifty-iive
hundred feet. In the summers of 1884
and 1885. the Hottest cloud observed al
Upsala was forty-one thousand feet
above the earth's surface, or nearly
eight miles. N. Y Ledger.
During five school years the director
of the Royal Deaf-Mutc Institution at
Copenhagen has made semi-diurnal
measurements of the height and weight
of the children under his care and he
deduced number of condolences be-
tween variations in their weight and
those in the temperature of the air.
ArkGnSaW TrGUeler.
The copper mining business has
fallen to a very low ebb in Russia. 1t
is reported that out of 1853 copper
mines in the Ural Mountains only
twenty-eight are being worked. The de-
cline of the industry is attributed to tho
destruction of the surrounding forests
and the consequent scarcity of fuel,
acting in conjunction with great diff
culties of transport.
The bottle industry is very large
one, the number produced per day in
the respective countries being estimated
as follows: Great Britain and Ireland,
9,206; Sweden, $50; Norway, GOO; Den
mark, $50; Germany and Belgium, 80
O39; Austria, 1000; France, 100; United
States, $40; Canada, 100; Australia,
POI; total, 46, 1852 gross. With 800 work
ing days this gives no fewer than 15,-
$1,000 gross per year.
"A new building material called
stone-brick, harder than the hardest
clay-brick, is made from simple mortar.
buta scientifically made and perfect
mortar; in fact, u hydraulic cement,
and the grinding together of lime and
sand in n dry state-including alsa
some alum;na, which is usually present
in sand-and the subsequent heating by
steam, give the mixture the properties
Of the burned hydraulic cements at
present in use.-Pu6Lic Opinion.
During August there were 1000
freight cars required to carry California
shipments to the East. The amount
carried, in pounds, was 10000, 600, and
OF that enormous quantity over one
half, 20,500,000 pounds, consisted of
green, dried and canned fruit. The
railroads carried 10,000,000 pounds of
sugar and 5000, 900 pounds of tea. The
last article was imported, of course,
and transhipped, as was also part of
the remainder of the 40, 100000 pounds.
San francisco Examiner.
The Sierra Nevada range might be
called a continuation of the Cascade
Mountains; but those are of volcanic
origin, and the Sierra Nevadas are
granite, though traces of volcanic ac-
ton are often found on the TANKS and
base. 1t commences at Mount Shasta,
IA, 400 feet high, and runsin u southerly
direction to TETON Pass, where it Joins
the Coast range not far from Mount
Whitney, the highest mountain in the
United States south of Alaska. There
are but few passes over these mountains,
and the Pacific slope is very steep, the
Central Pacific road descending $500
feet in eighty miles. Public Opinion.