The sun. [volume] (Morris, Stevens County, Minn.) 1882-1895, 1887-03-31
THE GAME OF CHESS.

Chess. the oldest and most scientific
of games Of skill, originated in India
about 5000 years ago. The game
then played was not exactly as it now
is, having the element of chance. Its
history is divided into three periods.
l. The "chaturanga," or primeval
Indian game, extending to about the
9th century. The men were NOV.
ed in the same manner as at present.
but four persons played. and dice
were used to determine which piece
to move.
2. The "chatranj," played between
the 9th and the 10Th centuries. This
game was played by but two persons,
and the element of chance was dis
carded. 1t was the favorite game of
all the European Courts at this t me.
3. The game of chess as it Is now
played. This game is nearly the
same as that ofs'chatranj, AN increase
in the power of the bishop and queen
being made, with the introduction of
casting.
Chess is played by two persons on a
hoard of 81 alternate light and dark
squares, each player having Is men.
s pieces and pawns. The player,
having placed the board so that he
has a white corner square at his right
hand, places the men as follows: A
rock i'm the lefthand corner nearest
him: next. and on the first range of
squares, the knight. bishop, queen,
king, bishop, knight and rock. The
8 pawns are placed on the squares
Immediately in front of the pieces.
On the opposite side the arrangement
is the same, except that the queens
must stand opposite each other, each
on square Of its own color.
The following are the moves of the
pieces: The rock moves in straight
lines. parallel with the edges of the
board; the knight moves from the
square on which it stands to any one
of a different color distant three
squares, counting the one on which it
stands. The knight is the only piece
which can pass over another one; the
bishop moves diagonally forward and
backward, always on the same color;
the queen combine the powers of the
rock and bishop, moving in any. di.
rection as far as the board is clear;
the king moves in any direction, one
square at time. 1t can never move
into check; the pawns move directly
forward. The first move may be
either one or two squares. but each
succeeding move is limited to one
square. In taking another piece
pawns move diagonally. They cannot
move djagonally except they capture
some piece. nor can they capture
straight forward. All the men cap.
ture by removing the captured piece
and occupying the place thus vacated.
CASTING is permitted each player
once in each game. under the follow.
ing conditions: The king can castle
with either rock provided that neither
king nor rock have been moved. that
neither king nor rock are in check
that the intervening squares are moi
occupied and are not commanded by
an adverse piece. In casting the
king moves two squares toward the
rock, that is. onto king knight OF
queen bishop square, and the rock il
placed beside it, on king bishop Of
queen square. A pawn on the fifth
row can take an adverse pawn en- pas
sent II moved out two places. In
capturing en- passent the capturing
pawn moves onto the same square Il
would have occupied had the adverse
pawn moved but one square.
Every pawn, upon entering the
eighth or last row of squares, imme,
diately becomes queen, rock, knigh,
or bishop as the player wishes, even
though none of those pieces have beer
lost. A player must say.scheck upon
attacking the adverse king. A king
is checkmated when unable to move
out Of check. to interpose q piece OF
to take the attacking piece, and the
game Is lost. A stale mate occurs
when none Of the men on one side are