The Bottineau pioneer. (Bottineau, N.D.) 1885-1895, 1887-05-26

apple, ounce, thorn, and. not so easily.
mountain ash. In oaks, one Euro
peah species, the quercus pedunculata,
will accept all other oaks, but our
quercus alba is not so hospitable. OBJ
serve that plants accept buds from
allied plants; the scion grows unatfect-
ed, affording an example of distinct
colonization.
Pruning may be done to alter or i'm
prove the shade of a tree, or for the
purpose of forcing fruit. If we wished a
tree which grew naturally in a spire
shape to assume a rounded form, we
would cut the terminal buds. and thus
force the side shoots to grow. Trees
a thus be trained into strange shapes,
as we see them in foreign gardens or
on Mr.. HunncwelIs estate in Wellesley.
W. may not admire the artificial and
merely odd shapes popular in the past.
but we must remember that grating
and pruning will give us any desired
shape in a tree. Fruit is forced by
cutting off the leaf buds as much rs
possible without changing the shape or
injuring the tree. Smaller leaf buds
will grow. and, consuming less mater
ial than the others, will leave none for
the fruit. When the buds are growing
well cut back again (called second
pruning for fruit). Pruning may gen.
orally be well done when the plant is
is in full leaf, but when you have to do
with plants which flower on new shoots,
prune in spring. Cladrastis, naples,
and %grapevines, and some others,
bleed badly when cut in the spring, and
will lose quarts of sap, putting them
back very much. Prune such when in
in full leaf and they will not bleed, as
the sap is diverted into the growing
leaves.
In transplanting it should be remem-
bered that we do some violence to any
plant which we emove from one place
to another. The active part of the
roots is the newer part. Suppose a
tree whose roots spread horizontally
which you wish to transplant. Dig
that tree up bodily and it NAV survive.
but it is doubtful. The way to do is to
cut in alarger or smaller circle, accord
ing to size of tree, around it, down
deep. so as to cut off the spreading
roots. Then those within this circle
and beneath the tree will develop, for
the tree will do it's best to recover
from it's wounds. The next season
cut again in a slightly smaller circle
than before, and more new roots, MAX
ing a ball beneath and close to the tree,
will be developed. Then the third
season it may be dug up and trans
planted with reasonable surety of
success.
The matter of soils is not we'll UNDER
stood. and even chemistry has not yet
assisted us as we hoped it would do.
Rich soils may be regarded as equiva-
lent to each other, supposing the text
ure is the same. meaning by that the
amount of sand, gravel, or clay mixed
in; and soils can be initiated to a GER
tain extent. The selection of exposure
is another important point to be taken
into account.A Go into the country to-
day and you will find ten inches of
snow on the north side of the fence
and none on the south. The shelter
of another tree may mean life or. death
to a plant. Speaking of insects and
insecticides the lecturer recommended
DIR. Harris work on insects, and added;
l should not dare devote even Il mo-
ment of our time to the mooted cues
ton of the English sparrow lest it
should involve us in an endless discus
sion. The question of insect parasites,
which may help to keep down our
pests, is an interesting one, which is
being investigated now by a student in
the west, Fir tree oil and whale oil
soap be recommended as insect
icides.
The most serious of all troubles for
trees and wood. however, are the in
juries from fungi. In most cases we
have to stand by, helpless to do any
thing. The only thing is to try and
have conditions which prevent their ap-
pearance in the first place. If they do
come, dust fine sulphur over the plant,
bring it out into air and sunshine, and
change conditions of warmth. Some
of our forest trees are much distorted
as to'leaves and buds by fungi. A
branch sometimes takes a rounded.
stubbed shape known as witches
BROOM The ''cider apple" is caused
by a fungi which subsists on that tree.
Sometimes fungi invade not living but
dead wood; dry rot ensues in timber
and buildings where there is little
moisture and where there is moisture
an offensive odor and rapid decay fol-
lows. The decayed parts should be
cleared away and plastered over with
wax. Pear blight is caused by an in
vasion of bacterial fungus. and one by
which another tee can be inoculated
by the finest bit carried on the point of
a needle. Unfortunately we know more
about these diseases of plants than we
do about their remedies.
Mechanical injuries to trees are
quickly healed by a layer of cork. which
grows over the wound. winter kill
ing", it has been decided. results not
from the freezing but from the sudden
thawing of plants. This is a very in
teresting question in a climate which
has as many rapid changes as ours, and
has a direct bearing on Naturalization.
Our plants have had many hard ex-
periences, and these are the survivors.
Chicago Times.
A North Carolina Incident.
Plum Reas]ov's housn c,noht M, fro