davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

IN today's issue appears the quar-
terly statement Of receipts and expen
ditures of the Government. The term
corresponds to the time the present
Ministry has been in Office. There
fore, large proportion of the expen-
ditures represents not present policy
but the fag end of ''the late misg0v-
eminent" A reformed" feature of
the statement, as compared with the
exhibits to which the country has
been treated in times past, consists
in the elaborate details of expendi-
lures. The people are accorded tie
right, hitherto in large measure de
MED them, of being informed show
the money goes" This acknow-
ledgment of the Ministries sim
pie performance of duty will
probably, by malcontent commenta-
tors, be described as ''going into
ecstacies." Let them be humored
with the fiction, yet say if it is not
matter Of congratulation, not that re-
sponsible Ministers should do their
manifest duty, but that there is
Ministry existing under conditions
making duty toward the taxpayers a
prime obligation. There are items of
receipts and expenditures which have
already been subjects of discussion.
Receipts from the Postal Savings
Bank and the Loan have been at
tackled as sources of revenue irregu-
larly drawn upon, but the points
raised in these respects have been
dropped by the critics. The latter
We're shown to be wrong, not only in
their theories Of national finance but
in some of their assertions of fact as
well. Payment of the Makiki claims
was also criticized although the Min
istry had the Supreme Court iudg-
ment for their legality and besides
threw itself in advance upon the
sense of justice of the Legislature
Taking the balances of the begin
ming and the end of the quarter. the
loan from the Savings Bank and from
the public under the Loan Act, the
taxes received in advance and the
of bonded debt. all into
account, it will be found that the NET
addition to the debt of the country
for the quarter is in round numbers
something over 100000. For This |
increase of national debt the present |
is not responsible. havin0 |
with the necessity of providing for tbe
public services Of the quarter en- /
countered, on accession to office
treasury exhausted by the extrav-
agance of the previous adminisfra
tlon, besides heavy OUTSTANDING
obligations. With unnecessary and /
foolish expenses put an end To
as the Legislature will undon5fedly
support the Ministry in doing. there
S no reason why this lost ground t
should not be soon overtaken, besides
bringing ordinary expenditures with
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

The criticisms of the Bulletins fnan-
cial oracle upon the last quarterly
statement of the Hawaiian Treasury
are somewhat more moderate in tone
than former articles upon Govern
ment finances which have appeared
in the same sheet. The general
spirit and evident purpose, however,
have undergone no change. The
same desire to cast discredit upon
the present administration, and the
same willingness to resort to quib-
bling and misrepresentation for the
purpose of creating a false impress
sion are quite as clearly, even though
somewhat less conspicuously mani
tested. The remarks concerning the
Postal Savings Bank receipts will
furnish very good illustration of
this critics method; a method, than
which, nothing could be more sophis-
teal and unfair. He says, 'The Gov
eminent insists upon treating the
Postal Savings Bank fund as ordi-
nary revenue, although in fact and in
law it is debt" etc. An assertion
made in this positive manner is calcu-
lated to have some weight with care
less readers. 1t is well enough, there
fore, to call attention to the fact that
the quarterly statement as published
contains nothing whatever to Justify
the charge above quoted. The Gov
eminent does net Insist upon treat
ing the Postal Savings Bank fund as
ordinary revenue" and there is no
evidence that they now so regard it
or ever did. The assertion of the
Buttetfn's correspondent is a pure
invention and has absolutely no
foundation. Neither the members of
the Government nor any one else
who knows anything about either
business or bookkeeping would think
OF denying that the money deposited
IN the Postal Savings Bank is sub
stantially loan made to the Govern
ment, and therefore debt due by
the Government; it is immaterial
which way the fact is stated. The
quarterly financial statement, how
ever. IS not a statement of
government debts, either positive or
comparative. It neither undertakes
or processes to give any information
whatever about the indebtedness of
the government. 1t is precisely what
it processes to be and what the law re- |
quires, statement of the Receipts
and Expenditures for the three
months ending September 80, 1887" |
1t Is simply cash balance sheet. In
this statement, the receipts of the !
Postal Savings Bank appear in the
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25
PROCLAMATION.

In accordance with the terms of ARTICLE 50 of
the CONSTITUTION Of the Kingdom, and IN pursu-
anceiof the powers vested in the CABINET by
said ARTICLE.
The Legislature of the Kingdom
is hereby called to assemble in extraordinary
Session at the LEGISLATIVE HALL, AuIoIAN1
HALE, Honolulu. for the despatch of public
business, at u O'Clock noon,
On Thursday, the Sd Day of NOV.,
a. D. Eighteen Hundred and Eighty-Seven.
Aliiolani Hale, Sept. u, 1881
(Signed W l. GREEN.
Minister of Finance.
LORRIN A. THURSTON.
Minister of Interior.
GODFREY BROWN,
Minister of Foreign Affairs
CLARENCE w. ASHFORD,
4S-6t 1856 I'd attorney General.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25
5prriaI Notirrs.
KING BROS.

Importers and Dealers ia AT Good-. Arti-,.'
Materials oil Paintings, hy local artists. Pts,s-
graphs Of Island Scenery. Chromos. Olr-rarls.
Pastels- Water Co.ors. Albums. Pls.h and Eboss
Goods &c, &C. Frames 90 auy and AL kinds
made 20 order. Regildinr and repairins a,I
Pictures and Mirror Frames a speciality.
KING BROS.
A'4 ~ Honolulu IL
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

of continued stability in our main
industry, there are elements OF en-
enlargement looming up in the mat,
tiers of colonization and diversified
industries. Moreover, there is every
reasonable ground of confidence that
the administration of public affairs
has entered upon an era of vast I'M
provement, which is one of the most
cheerful aspects in considering the
business situation.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

There is selfshness even in graft
tude when it is too profuse; to be
over-thankful for one favor is in effect
to lay out for another.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

A RURAL correspondent calls a.tar-
ton to the unsettled matter Of the
opium scandal. As it was taken NJ
first by the public as a concern Of
national reputation, and not at all IN
the interests of a syndicate of bribers
who deserved to lose their money. It
IS to be presumed that the public
will persist in demanding its settle.
pent for the sake Of the eountrv's
good name. His Majesty promised
to submit the matter to the invest
igation of the new Cabinet but
whether the Ministry are possessed Of
legal means for compelling such sub
mission Is another question. At al
events, the country IS entitled to a
ventilation of the question at the
approaching session Of the Legisla-
tTe.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

LAST weeks mail brought much
interesting news from abroad, a good
Iy portion of which is summarized
elsewhere. A triple alliance between
Germany. Austria and Italy, for pre-
serving the peace of Europe, has
changed the political situation and
caused something like CONSERVATION
in Russia. On top of this setback to
Russia's dependence upon German
support, or at least non-intervention
in her plans. is Turkeys apparent
disregard Of Russian views regarding
the Bulgarian question. Ireland Is
getting no better fast" under coer-
cion, but the suppression OF llber-
ties in that island will probably
be of ultimate good service in
causing practical sympathy for
its people among the English
electorate. An item not oyertaken IN
our summary is that trials under the
Coercion Act for unlawful publica
lions have been suspended, owing to
the Court in Dublin dismissing the
charge against Mayor Sullivan in
that regard. The Crown appealed
against the decision to the Superior
Court. President Cleveland is on his
Western and Southern tour, receiving
ovations at every hating place. 1t is
probably in part a scheme for boom
ing his denomination. Chauncey NJ.
Depew has spoken strongly in favor
of Blaine as the Republican nominee.
Sherman is to have an organ in his
interest in New York. San Francisco
is agitated over the high-handed
practices under Boss Chris. Buckley.
One of the latest triumphs of the dis
reputable crew is in getting D. J.
Creighton away after conviction as a
jury fixer," but the incident only
adds fuel to the flame of popular in
dignation. A revival of the committee
of safety from the pioneer days is
openly suggested as a necessary rem
edy for the overwhelming official cor
ruption in that city Two noted
musicians have died, and Jenny
Lind, the "Swedish nightingale"
is only given few weeks to live. The
Prince Imperial of Germany is attack
ed anew with cancer in the throat, and
his end is considered only matter
of days. There is no later news from
Samoa, except an unconfrmed report
that the deposed King Malietoa was
captured and taken on board a Ger
man war vessel to be executed. An
merchant of Samoa, named
Mari, who went up on the last
steamer, gave an account of indigni-
ties to Americans by the German
forces, which has been telegraphed
all over the Union. Matasese was
down on the water front diving for
fish for his dinner the morning of the |
day that he was proclaimed King.
caught two or three he went |
into Marr's house, clad only in two /
and a begonia garland. |
The owner was just considering |
to turn him out,swhen the |
soldiers hustled him away to the
throne.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

. So Hand-Book sxceis the HAWAII
AN ALMANAC AND ANNUAL il-
le'l"oie statistical aai genefai information rs-
a''l1 % taese Islands Price Sd ce1rs 1-
mailed abroad, 60 cents each.
Z. g.. THRUM. PrB.lsuEE.
islly Honolulu. II. -
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

Has al Office with Messrs. Bishops Co. co1asf
OF Merchant and Saahumanu Streets. and 10
VIII be pleased to attend TO any business or
trusted to him. tl-l sn
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25
FURNISHED ROOMS

Neat ana castly g1inisbed Roans can Be- bag
BY an earlJ application at No. a GARDEN
LANE ca
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

Water Rights for the District OF North Kohala,
Island of Hawaii. The Board now consists as
follows:
E Bond,
LakaO
& II Williams
L a THURSTON,
Minister of Interior.
Interior Office Oct Il, 1887. 1ls93t
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

Mr. KAHALEoHU has this day been APP
pointed an Agent 20 Take Acknowledgements to
Labor Contracts fer the District of Hilo. Hawaii
LORRIN A THURSTON.
n. Minister of Interior
INFERIOR OHce, Cct D, 1907. I1S7 81
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25
MECHANICAL DRAWING AND

ENGINEERING. Day aud Evening Glasses
for Students.
W. s. WEBsFER.
Consulting Engineer, Campbell Biocs. Nelchaai
1852 street Honolulu. HL SD
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

W. /. GREEN,
Minister of Finance.
Treasury Office, September so, 1887.
Mr. GEORGE H WILLIAMS has this day been
appointed Commissioner of Pirate Ways and
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25
For Sale.

The Hawaiian Bark KAIMuOA with auxiliary
steam power, as she now lies il the harbor.
The vessel is in first-class order and repair.
Particulars concerning the machinery and out
fiji can be obtained al the Interior Department.
LORRIN A. THURSTON,
Minister of the Interior.
Honolulu. Oct 10. 1887. 62 11SStf
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25
DEPARTMENT ATTORNEY
GENERAL.
FINANCE DEPARTMENT.

Salaries including Custom
observation-disclosures. II. SIS 90
InCideutals. I,273 %
Custom House BOat......... sl5S 30
Custom House Guards...... 219S 81
Jncidentals Custom House. 166 81
Pay Of Tax Assessors. 1886. l,5g2 20
Pay of Tax Collectors. 1856. 156 81
Bonds Recalled and Caucl'd 10000 90
Subsidy to Ocean Lines. 5000 20
Interest on National Debt. 1924 Sc
National Debt Falling Due. LOO 90
Road Damage, to Kaiu..... 100 90
: en So 1e
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

1t would seem that the insatilbie.
curiosity Of humanity to see what DAG
flies from the North Pole had nos
lured a sufficient number OF brave
men to miserable death iu The
regions of eternal ice and snow. 1ut
the London Duly Noes has Ic-r to
urge the leading scientific soc les
to agitate for an Antarctic expe ION,
stating that if England Is uua- le to
contribute money for the OBJ Cd she
IS able otherwise to materialir assist
the Colonies.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

An item of news 10y way Of the Colo
MES is that the London Tines advo-
Gates an imperial colonial subsidy Of
100000 for the purpose of establish
ing a monthly steam service between
China and the Australian Colonies
via Vancouver.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25
NOTES AND COMMENTS.

TIE planters are unanimous against
the Oninm license.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

The San Francisco Chrpaie's main
tains that the Monroe doctrine an
plies exclusively 20 the Western
Hemisphere and has no bearing upon
affairs in Oceanica.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

GODFREY BROWN,
Minister of Foreign Affairs.
CLARENCE W. ASHFORD,
4S-6t 1856 I'd attorney General.
---------
For Sale.
The Hawaiian Bark KAIMILoA, with auxiliary
steam power, as she now lies il the harbor.
The vessel is in frst-class order and repair.
Particulars concerning the machinery and out
fit can be obtained al the Interior Department.
LORRIN A. THURSTON,
Minister of the Interior.
Honolulu Oct. -, 1887. e. 11sS-tf
---sHEs-.z-.s-
4 B L0EBENsTEIN has this day been APP
pointed an Agent to Take Acknowledgements to
Labor Contracts for the District of Hilo, Hawaii.
LORRIN a THURSTON,
Interior office. Oct %, 1887. 1889 3t
----------------
B KEANU has this day been appointed
Commissioner of Private Ways and Water Rights
for the District of Wailuku, Island of Maui in
place OF Nakookoo, resigned The Board now
consists as follows:
Eugene Bal,
J Haoe.
W B Keanu.
L A THUBST0N,
Minister of Interior.
Interior Office. Oct Is, 1887. 1883 3t
The following persons have this day been ap-
pointed Agents TO Grant Marriage Licenses for
the following Districts:
D Kahaulelio for Lahaina, Maui.
NJ Beniemina for Hamakua, Hawaii.
N Haena for Hamakua, Hawaii
Kaleo for Hamakua, Hawaii.
Emile dc Hasnc Tor Kohala, Hawaii.
LoRRIN A THURsToN,
Interior Office, Oct 20. 1857. 11S9 st
Mr. D AEAPAI has this day been appointed
Agent to Perform Marriage Ceremony for the
District of Hamakua, Island of Hawaii.
LoRRIN a THURsTON,
Minister of Interior.
Interior Office, Oct II, 1887. 11ss3 81
Messrs. JAMES KAAI and CHARLES STILL
MAN have this day been appointed Commission
ers of Fences for the District Of North Kohala,
Island of Hawaii.
The Board now consists as follows:
Kamahu
Jas. Haai
Chas. Stillman.
LoRRIN A. THURSTON,
Minister Of Interior.
Interior Office, Oct 10, 1857. 49, 3t
ALLAN ROWAT, Esq, has this day been
appointed Executive Inspector OF Animals for
the Island of Oahu, and Government Veterinary
Surgeon for the Kingdom.
LORRIN 4 THURSTON.
Minister of Interior.
Interior Office, oct 3, 1857. 1857 81
The following persons have this day been APP
pointed Agents to Appraise Lands subject 10
Government Communication, for the District of
Hilo, Island of Hawaii:
Jos Nawahi,
Dan'l Porter,
W Il Shipman.
LoRRIN A THURSToN.
Minister of Interior
Interior Office, Oct >, 1857 l1S7 81
Mr. MALO has this day been appointed
Commissioner of Private Ways and Water Rights
for the District OF Eva and Waianae. island of
Oahu The Board now consists as follows:
W Haaheo
W opunui,
David Malo
LoRRIN A THURSTON,
Minister of Interior.
interior once, Oct o, 1851. 1857 81
Messrs NJ ROSE and MAKAHALUPA have
his day been appointed Commissioners of
Fences for the District of Kcolaupoko, Island Of
oahu. The Board now consists as follows:
G Barenaba,
NJ Rose,
r Makahaupa
LORRIN A THURSTON.
Interior Office, Oct 9, 1857. 1iS73t
Mr. KAHALEoHU has this day been ap-
ointed an Agent 70 Take Acknowledgements to
.abor Contracts fer the District of Hilo. Hawaii
LoRRIN A THURSToN. :
Interior Office Get g. 1887. iIS7 81
There is selfshness even in graft
udn whom II ic Too ,,,,of,,
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

The mongoose has been introduced
into FIJI, where it IS increasing at an
alarming rate. Fowls and their eggs
are decreasing in proportion. Tae
little rascals will have to be watcN
on these Islands, where they haze
been introduced to rid the cane fields
of rats.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

L0EBENsTEIN has this day been ap-
pointed an Agent to Take Acknowledgements to
Labor Contracts for the District of Hilo, Hawaii
LORRIN a THURSTON,
Minister Of Interior
Interior office, Oct %. 1887. l1S9 3t
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

ALLAN R RoWAT, Esq, has this day been
appointed Executive Inspector OF Animals for
the Island of Oahu, and Government Veterinary
Surgeon for the Kingdom
LORRIN A THURSTON.
Minister of Interior.
Interior Office oct g. 1887. I1s7 81
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

ANOTHER steamship line from SaL4
Francisco to Honolulu Is almost as
good as promised, the vessels, while
tirstclass for passenger traffic, being
especially adapted for the fruit trade.
If the new steamers bring US more
trade they viii be very heartily wei
cOmp6
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

TEACHERS" letter in this issue
the last of that series, by the why
makes some suggestions regarding
technical education. If he means al
the public schools Of any eonsidsra-
bic size in his scheme, it Is imposs.-
bic to see the praeticabiHty Of t1q
proposition to have various trades
taught by competent instructors.
single industrial institute for She
Kingdom ought, however, to be within
reach of the Government before ve1y
long.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

The Chronicle has discovered that
there is such a thing as reform DISC
ciated from a scramble for Office. and
that the article Is q crying Eeeessit-
in San Francisco. 1t has shut down
on the false correspondents in Homo
lulu, and now takes its Hawaiian
news meekly from the GAZETTE
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

a LONDON despatch of October 9th
says that large factory at 0Iagde-
burg IS making from coal tar q sac
charine preparation which Is Sd
times sweeter than sugar. Cane NAV
stand up against beet, but 1t must Be-
beat in a tussle with the coal mines
Of the worldi
The Hawaiian gazette., 1887-10-25

Mr. W D ALAPAI has this day been appointed
Agent to Perform Marriage Ceremony for the
District of Hamakua, Island of Hawaii.
LORRIN \ THURSTON,
Minister of Interior.
Interior Office. Oct II. 1887. Iies 81
Martinsburg daily gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1887-1887, 1887-07-13
TRINITY M. 3. CHURCH, SOUTH.
West Martin Street.)
REV. ]. r. ANDREW, PAsTol

REV. j. r. ANDREW, PASTOR.
nday-Preaching at II a. m. and s
p. M; Sunday School, a. M; Class, 2
and 5 p. m; Wednesday, Prayer meet
ng at p. M; Friday, Young mems
prayer meeting at 5 p. M; Saturday,
Christian workers. 5 p. m.
Martinsburg daily gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1887-1887, 1887-07-13
PROFESSIONAL CARD.
DIR. JAMES W. KcSHERRY,

PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Offers his professional services to the
citizens of Martinsburg and vicinity.
Office and residence on the corner of
Burke and Spring alley.
Martinsburg daily gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1887-1887, 1887-07-13
CHURCH DIRECTORY.
TRINITY EPISCOPAL CHURCH,

Cor. King and College Streets,
REV. RoBr. DOUGLAS RoLLER, RECTOR.
Sunday services, II q. M, and 7:3o
D. m. Parish Guild meets first Wednes-
day night in every month. Bible class
Thursday nights. You are welcomed
Martinsburg daily gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1887-1887, 1887-07-13
1882.

Baltimore's Great
en- y Daily a
complete newspa-
per in every re-
spect. Indepen-
dent in its editor
ial utterances ; full
service of the AS
ISOLATED Press ; an
army Of special
correspondents in
Maryland, Virgin
la, West Virginia
and other States
chronicle the do
ings from points
throughout these
States !; the most
accurate and COM
plete market re-
ports. The local
news is written in
a spicy and most
complete manner,
all of which have
made it the favor
lite daily among all
classes.
Our Washington
correspondence is
recognized as the
entertaining and
truthful mirror Of
the doings at the
Capital Of the ma
ton.
B e y ON d any
doubtgthe most in
teresting Sunday
paper in the Unit
ed States. It's
eight pages are
brinlful of good
newspaper work.
Besides all the
news, it contains
articles from the
pens of Rev. Hen
ny Ward Beecher,
General Adam Ba.
deau, Clara Belle,
Col. ]. S. Mosby
and other famed
and brilliant writ
ers ; a copyrighted
story and a select
array OF bright
and miscellaneous
literature.
Special atten-
ton is paid to So
ciety news from
points in Mary
land, Virginia and
West Virginia.
The paper for
the farmer, the
artisan, the pro-
fessional man, and
for the home. A
perfect gem Of a
newspaper-a COM
plete array of the
doings of the week
from all portions
Of the world. Spec
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Washington its
state news e1abor-
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Tal1rage's weekly
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letters from Col.
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II e n ry Par d
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Belle and others ;
one entire page Of
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fact the best week
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Only so cents a
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Martinsburg daily gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1887-1887, 1887-07-13

THE LARGEST Book PUBLISHED The
latest edition of Webster's Unabridged,
in the quantity of matter it contains, is
believed to be the largest volume pub
lisheds It will surprise many to know
that by printers careful reckoning IL
contains eight Times the amount of
matter that is in HE Bible, being suf-
ficent to make Us I2r1o. volums such
asnsually sell for SI.25 each.
Martinsburg daily gazette. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1887-1887, 1887-07-13

Gall at Chas. w. BanfFs store, corner
Martin and College sts., for good bread
and line confectionery. He keeps the
best on the market.
The Grenada gazette. (Grenada, Miss.) 1885-18??, 1887-01-22
A MUSICAL BIRD,
q fiSeon That Takes Infinite Delight In
Wagner's Compositions.

q Pigeon That Fakes Infinite Delight In
Wagner's Compositions.
IN. Y. Mail and Express.l
A German woman who resides at the
Belvedere House has c musical pigeon. II
Is the habit OF the woman to sing and play
on the piano every morning. At first the
pigeon was ra Their shy and did not pay at.
tention to tho music. Finally the bird
took a great fancy to its mistress and
would follow her about the room as a cat
or a poodle dog might do. The first sign
OF superior intelligence the pigeon gave
was to kiss its mistress. Whenever
the lady lies down the bird
and puts its bill to her lips and
COOS in that peculiar sound heard
in dove cotcs. This affection prew 80
strong that now every morning the pigeon
comes to her bedside and wakes her up
by pecking upon her chin. With this sud.
den growth of affection the pigeon all at
once became o musical fanatic. 1t flies
upon the keys of the piano, and pecks at
the black and white worries as if irving to
knock a tune out. When its mistress
comes it leaves the keys and goes upon tho
top of the piano, where it gambols and
frolics during the performance as il it
were stirred to its utmost by the melody.
1t is a German pigeon and fond OF Wag-
ner's music. ~Lohengrin causes the feath.
ers to flutter upon the bird as if
it had u bucking ague Of delight.
Tannhauser is the next favorite.
Whenever a tune is played that it does
not like it simply lies down and
plays dead. Many of the comic opera airs
have a mortuary effect upon his birdship.
The cry of the sword maidens in the
Valkyr gives the pigeon infinite delight,
making it turn somersaults of joy. After
Wagner it prefers Gounod. The soldiers
song in Faust is its favorite air. Strange
to say, Verdi's music does not have much
effect upon the pigeon. Rossini's Semi.
ramide has some, but none can compare
with Wagner's music. The fair owner
often sings and the bird seems to enjoy it,
but not as much as instrumental music.
The pigeon is a very aesthetic bird, and
has never been trained either as an anna.
teur or professional performer.