The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1887-05-06

Dlend together ii All goes wei, anu III
crude materials brought into the tire,
by the roots will ascend into the scoi
also The buds OF the latter will dc
veope into leaves, which will elaborat,
this material, and neither scion no
stem will affect each other very muci
in most cases.
Budding should be done at a season
when the bark can be lifted readil
from the cambium layer. Cut Il health,
bud with little silver or scale, cuttin!
into the cambium layer of course. Gu
a T-shaped slit in the bark of the ire,
and slip in the scale OF bark attached
to the bud. II it sets at all it vii
get firm very soon, and does not usual
~ need to be- tied. Grating had best
be done in the spring for obvious rea
sons, but budding may be done any
time during the summer
Not all plants can be grated or bud
ded upon all others, and the range il
many instances is small. Mr. Jackson
Dawson says the pyrus japonica, for
instance, can be grated on itself. on
apple, ounce, thorn, and, not so easily
on mountain ash. In oaks. one Euro
pean species, the quercus pedunculata,
will accept all other oaks. but our
! quercus alba is not so hosptlble. Oh
serve that plants accept buds from
allied plants; the scion grows unailect.
cd, allording an example of distinct
colonization.
Pruning may be done to alter or i'm.
prove the shade of tree, or for the
purpose of forcing fruit. If we wished .
tree which grew naturally in spire
shape TO assume a rounded form, we
would cut the terminal buds. and thus
force the side shoots to grow. Trees
can thus be trained into strange shapes,
ne we see them in foreign gardens OF
on Mr.. Hunnewoll's estate in Wellesley
We may not admire the artificial anc
merely odd shapes popular in the past
but we must remember that grating
{ and pruning will give us any desired
| shape in II tree. Fruit is forced by
cutting off the leaf buds rs much rs
possible without changing the shape or
injuring the tree. Smaller leaf buds
will grow, and, consuming less mater
ial than the others, will leave none for
the fruit. When the buds are growing
well cut back again (callcd second
pruning for fruiD Pruning may gen.
orally be well done when the plant is
is in full leaf, but when you have to do
with plants which flower on new shoots,
prune in spring. Cladrastis, naples,
and grapevines, and some Others
bleed badly when cut in the spring, and
will lose quarts of sap. putting them
-,
in full leaf and they will not bleed, as
the sap is diverted into the growing
leaves.
In transplanting it should be remem.
bered that we do some violence TO any
plant which we remove from one place
to another. The active part of the
roots is the newer part. Suppose a
tree whose roots spread horizontally
which you wish to transplant Dig
that tree up bodily and it NAV survive,
but it is doubtful. The way TO do is to
cut in Il larger or smaller circle, accord
ing to size OF tree, around ii, down
deep. SO rs to cut off the spreading
roots. Then those within this circle
and beneath the tree will develop. for
the tree will do its best to recover
from its wounds. The next season
cut again in slightly smaller circle
than before, and more new roots, maxi
ing ball beneath and close to the tree.
will be developed. Then the third
season it may be dug up and trans
planted with reasonable surety of
success.
The matter of soils is not well UNDER
stood. and even chemistry has not yet
assisted us as we hoped il would do
Rich soils may be regarded Us equiva-
lent TO each other supposing the text
ure is the same, meaning bv that the
amount of sand, gravel, or clay mixed
i'm; and soils can be initiated to Ger
.ain extent The selection Of exposure
another important point TO be taken
into account. Go into the country to-
day and you will find ten inches of
snow on the north side of the fence
and none on the south. The shelter
If another tree NAV mean life or death
to n plant Speaking of insects and
insecticides the lecturer recommended
DIR. Harris work on insects, and added;
| should not dare devote even u mo-
ment of our time to the mooted ques-
ton of the English sparrow lest ID
should involve us in an endless discus
sion. The question of insect parasites,
which may help to keep down our
pests, is an interesting one, which is
being Investigated now by student in
the west. Fir tree oil and whale oil
soap can be recommended rs insect
icides.
The most serious of all troubles for
trees aud wood, however, are the in
iuries from fungi. In most eases we
bavo IN stand he halnloss 20 10 op,-