The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1887-04-10

u.;,nr;n referred TO Won HUM,
ieSs S.,a thaorv. that the water mao
Dot4s ;.S own excavation, as one tnaS
mss U,ntenable: and as to the remalAa
70 thoorv that the mass OF the noon
u.u the substance taken away
ffeplth e earth. and thus forming tne
tro,,nh IF the sea, he said that there was
~ narticIe of evidence IN ge0iogy "
no ~, it He believed that tne Iolus
forroed nv the trough of the sea weie
Sna to the shfnkage OF the eartn
ernst The lecturer went on 70 say shaS
there Is not e single portion OF rae ocsan
bed having extent (exceptlas IA ta.rso
| instances in the cases OF SolS Io
islandsl of precipltate shore chnS "uer &c
the rise and fall exceeds g Sa ~ The
one in five. Our knoWleage as ~ n1 ,
depth of the ocean, also, Is qulte
recent. the soundings showing an aver.
AGE depth of 1900 feet and 27,00O rect
greatest depth. bod
Three peculiarities of the ocean peu
which we're pointed out were the req
lIarity of the piateaus, the absence u
| ABRUPT promotories and the enormous
eley alton to which some OF the pro-.
memories raise. The level eharactlr OF
the ocean plateaus, Professor HelIpllu
SAID, is due TO the absence OF those cary
ing processes which are at WofK upon
the land, the gradual tleVeLDg GOWN
resulting, not from the currents, Due
from the gradual accumulation VI
organic and inorganic material WHICH,
has. succeeded ia bndlnR
level. The remarkable character Oh tne
promir ences on the ocean ped was
pointsd cut. one of the peaks in the
Sandwich land rising to height OF
over 30 QUO feet from The ocean BED,
| greater elevation than any IL The dim
aIaYas. The configuration of the ocean
he'd and the gradual descent to the
greatest dep;hs were briefly described.
The depth to which solar light pene-
trates iato the ocean has been found 10
he ONLY about four times as grrat-as IN
the clear lakes of Switzerland. However,
Lit is not impossible that peculiar kind
of illumination may penetrate to greater
6enths. and it is not the case that
absolute darkness reigns in the deep
sea. Phosphorescentl light is found to
be given forth by fishes, as wen as rom
thaloWer forms of life. Prof.. delprln
next touched upon the color OF the
ocean and of lake waters. lie SAD tnaC
prot TyndaIi's researches show that the
black tint that is the characteristic of
some water is due to the absorption or
some RAYS and the reflection Of others,
and the green and yellow tints indicate
the presence OF sediment in the water.
The ocean Water has color OF Its own
"a light blue, and the green effect IS
due to the reflection of yellow light
RAYS mixing with the blue; yellow
color shows considerable quantities OF
sediment which overcomes the blue and
) green or the blue alone. Until fifteen
wears ago il was the idea that the sedl-
ment from the earth was deposited all
over the oceans surface, but tLls is
, found not to be the case, the deposit
being distributed along very narrow
line from 200 TO 800 mites.
The oceanic fauna is divided into three
. classes. the Littoral, the Pelegic and the
Deep Sea. Theories as to animal lie al
J great depth we're disbelieved thirty
: wears ago, experience having shown
: that along the coast line there was q
/ rapid decrea "a of life from the surface
and the calculation was made that the
zero point would be reached at about
+ II 200 feet below the surface. The
rupture Of the Mediterranean telegraph
; cable, however, settled the question, the
; ruptured ends showing that at depth
} OF 7 600 or. 5000 feet there we're incru
tations of coral life and living shells Of
2 various kinds. Now we know that
: animal forms are found at II 900 feet
| including nearly ell the principal types
} sponge, corals, worms, crustaceans ans
; fshes-the greatest number OF them
l. being merely notifications OF the forms
= found on the surface. A distinctive
I feature is found in the looseness of the
= tissues, due probably to the amount o.
pressure TO which they are subjected. i
> having been computed that at d depth
of Il, 600 feet, Or less than the depth a
which fish have been found, mans
body would be subjected to pressure
equal to that exerted by twenty lOcomo
D tives each drawing train of cars loaded
with iron.
In order to explain how these delicate
> forms exist under such pressure, Prof
t HeilpIiu compared the pressure TO tina
/ of the .atmo sphere, it being e1erte6
in all directions and from what is prac
!, ticaliy an equilibrium. In conclusion
l the lecturer referred to the calcareou.
I deposits which cover the ocean bel
}. over greater part of its surface, rep
{ resenting the accumulation of tens o.
T thousands of centuries, and to the rex
Z clay deposits found at 1900 feet anC
I below, the shell deposits disappearing
3 within distance of about 1000 feet. Al
E to the theory Of the alienation of TIT
Z land and sea, be said there was no doub
i that the land was covered by the sea
but that there was ever land wher,
=. there is now the sea there is no evidenc,
up to this time.zPhiladelph Ledger.