davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15
THE WORLDS BIG GUNS.
Some Of the Monsters Built for the Ship
and Forts of Foreign Powers.

Some Of the Monsters Built for the Ships
and Forts of Foreign Powers.
The progress Of thirty years IN con-
s.ructing hesve guns has been extraor-
binary. The largest pieces found on
war vessels in 1860 threw bali weigh
ing sixty-eight pounds. with an initial
velocity of 1,570 feet per second and
an energy of LOO foot tons. Now
initial vefocities in high-power guns
have been increased to 2. 100 feet; pro-
jectiles at the maximum weight as
300 pounds. and in some cases are
propelled by charges of nearly half a
ton of powder. while the 110-ton guns
of the Ben Bow reach an energy of
about Co. 600 foot tons.
Passing over the triumphs obtained
bv intermediate calibers, which were
remarkable in their day, we find that
the largest French steel guns. such as
are used for the armament Of the
Terrible, completed at Brest the
Requin. built at Bordeaux. the
IndOmitable. built at L Orient. and the
NdIlUoIs lluiSucu a. Aoulous CsbCu
about seventy-six tons. They deliver
n projectile weighing 1.716 pounds.
with muzzle velocity of 1.739 feet
per second. and a muzzie energy of
80 600 foot tons. The guns are rifled
breechloadcrs. The French have other
powerful guns. those constructed on
the Bange system being well known.
The Armstrong gun now mounted
for service in the Italian armor-clads
bullion, Dandolo. Italia and LepantO
weigh 100 tons each, and throw pro-
iectile of 1000 pounds. These have
long been familiar. but the la:er
breach-loading guns are improvements
over the early muzzle leaders. The
most powerful of them take powder
charge of about 772 pounds. and have
an initial velocity of 1885 feet per
second and muzzle energy of $1,000
foot tons. Guns OF 1U5 tons have also
been made at Elswick for the Frances
% LAURA, the Andrea Dona and the
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15

AorOsinL In these the weight OF tho
charge is 900 pounds. the weight of
the prcjectile 1000 pounds. the mazzle
velocity 2.0l9 feet per second. the muz-
zle energy 56.547 foot tons. These
will undoubtedly prove most formida-
BILE weapons.
The largest Krupp gun weighs near
~ 119 tons. It is over 46 feet long.
has caliber of 15} inches, and fires a
shot weighing 2314 pounds. with a
muzzle velocity Of 1880 feet. The
maximum elevation gives it a range
of nearly y miles. Its power OF pene'
tration into wrought iron is estimated
at about Al inches at the muzzle, 81
inches at the distance of 1.1OO yards.
and so inches at 500 yards. At the
distance of 8 miles its striking average
is still about $4,000 foot tons. The
Italians have two of these guns mount
ed in shore battery, for which pur-
pose they are intended.
The English 110-ton gun. manufact.
ured at Elswick. is about A feet long.
and its actual weight 247. 7S5 pounds.
The screw block. removed in loading.
weighs q tons. The pr, jectile is a
bolt weighing l, 800 pounds. and lot
inches in diameter With $50 pounds
of powder the actual muzzle velocity
attained was 2O7S feet. and the muz-
zle energy 81 600 foot tons; SO that.
with $50 pounds, which the gun is con-
structed to use, an energy on the pro-
jectile of g. 700 foot tons is ex-
pected. The recoil of the gun is
very small. The British also have a
powerful new gun in their g. ton
steel breechloader. which will be car
ried on the Rodney. 1t is expected to
throw 134-inch shot,. of 1.250 pounds,
with . powder charge of $50 pounds.
and to attain 21OO feet muzzle
velocity. Should these expectations
be realized, this gun. though much
lighter, will be more destructive than
the SO-ton gun of the Infexible, which
takes a pr jec:ile of LOO pounds. with
a cartridge of $50 pounds. reaching
muzzle velocity of l. 600 feet.
1t is said that the next step at
tempted in heavy gun construction
will be that of 15O-ton monster. this
pr ject being attributed to the Essen
works. 1t would throw shell six feet
long, weighing q ton and half.
There are also some guns under con-
struction which are expected to ac-
complish great results on somewhat
new theories. as in the case of the one
manufactured for Colonel Hope. This
is to take an enormous powder charge,
and to have correspondingly great
penetrative effect. But without going
into the possible successes Of the
future. those which have already been
achieved are sufficiently astonishing
n. y Sun.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15

"A wee young lady Of about three
years. who lives on the North Side, has
a brother who has arrived at the period
of cigarettes and slang. and whose ex-
pressions are quickly caught up by the
little girl. She was very much put ont
BY the rain, which continued for sew
eral days early in the month. and one
day she sorrowfully asked her mother.
Mamma. who makes it wainr' Be.
ing told that it was God. she said: '.In
my prayers tonight. mamma. l shall
ask bod 70 tum ofI"-Ckieago ZSiS
aasA
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15
LITTLE PLEASURES.
Why Young Children should BE Taught
tn Appreciate Them.

Why Young Children Should BE Taught
to Appreciate Them.
1t has been said so many times. that
i. has become hackncyed, that it is not
the great troubles of life that wear ono
ont, bat the petty annoyances that c"n-
tinued day after day. leave their mark
on the temper and character as drops
of water wear into solid stone. At the
beginning of life all seems we'll Most
people start out with good resolutions.
but how many in middle life feel that
they have been successful. This. not
because they have been unable to bear
great trials, but because they have been
unable to meet the little matters 1T
every day life with cool. dispassiona,o
judgment. 1t is especially necessary
to tea ch children to find enjoyment in
the little pleasures that form part Of
all lives. SO that they will not be
rendered unhappy by the sea Of
vexing things that also come. A child
that uses her pencil to draw and loves
it, or the child that loves music, or II
child that loves her needle work will
not be likely to be prey to petty
jealousy or to envy. Let children go
out into the fields and learn about the
birds and flowers, bees and butterflies,
and whatever tendency there is in tho
boy to coarse companions, to rough
ways, to cruelty to the bird or insect
will be likely to be checked. An in
telligent boy. who learns the noble
stories of natural history in the field
with his mother. will never forget it
and will be better man. BY learn
ing thus to notice beauty in little
things around him. he will learn to
pay no heed 10 little vexations. A girl
who learns to notice the beauty of life
around her can never degenerate into
that abject person-a village gossip.
We have found Wordsworth's poetry
Of great value in teaching children to
notice little beauties in nature.
Children should never fail in court
esy to each other; this should be ex-
acted as vigorously as courtesy to their
elders. Children should early learn to
have things of their own, and they
should have an exclusive right in these
articles and should learn to respect
each others rights, and their own
rights should be respected. 1t is nee.
essary to watch very closely to find
out what ideas of life the child has
gained. Whether they have gained
impressions which are narrow and sell
fish or broad and noble. A little suo.
gestion. word now and then. may
save the child in after life from be-
coming worldly woman, a burden
and not helper in life.
1t is the little rift within the lutte
Tha: by and by viii make the music mutA
Or little pitted speck m the garner'd fruit,
That rotting inward slowly molders an
M 7. Tribune.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15

I'm the White mountains there is a
great ravine known rs 1.-The Gulf OF
Mexico" where the snow lies unmelt-
cd far into the summer. Frederick
Levitt, young Bostonian. being am
bilious to take snow slide on the
Fourth of July, went to the top Of the
snow bank in the ravine. and started
to slide down. The snow was SO hard
and slippery he could not control his
speed. and vas thrown headlong over
the jagged rocks, and fell a distance
of one hundred and twenty feet. He
was badly injured; but. strange to say.
not a limb was broken. and it wac
thought that he might recovery y
Ledger.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15

ribbon. A mauve vail is generally
worn, but ties are omitted. A slight
departure from this shape. but still
partaking Of its air of coquetry. has .
brim that is less bent and pretty
strings. The crown is formed of white
marguerites with golden-browa velvet
hearts. and the brim is of lace straw.
The velvet ribbon ties are of the sans
shade as the heart Of the marguerite3
they start from among the flowers and
extend over the brim. seeming to hold
it down. and are then looped in the
usual manner under the chin. The
woman who found the quaint poke
suited to her face will be surprised to
find the effect of this bonnet very SINH
lar. Sometimes the crown is made Of
puff or crepe, but oftener the flowers.
being more novel. are given prefer
ence.
The capotc is displayed in plain and
fancy straws, in lace. tulle. net and
combinations of fancy stuffs and straw.
A variation in the trimming consists Of
u scarf or double fold, the garniture
coming over the center of the CROWN
and dividing it. being then included
with the decoration in front On y
dark-blue cdD0te fold of red crepe .
comes over the crown in this way and
Is hidden under the knot Of creps at
the base of the crown. out Of which
seem to come loops of red ribbon and
dark-blue aigrettes. The bride is Of
the red crepe, the stiff little bow being
decidedly at one side and fastened
with a small blue enamelled pin. A
quieter combination is on capote Of
brown straw; fold of olive velvet
is drawn over the crown, and in front
arc loops of olive velvet against which
are placed punches of small goldcn-
brown berries. The bride is of olive
velvet. and the brim is bound with u
narrow fold of the velvet. The COM
binatiOn is essentially an autumn one,
and though it might be worn all sum-
mer the wearer will do we'll to guard
it from hard wear and reserve it for use
Liter on.
The general woman seldom gets
new bonnet in midsummer. but she
may have fresh bows and different
arrangements Of trimming. and so
make the chdpedu seem new. Dust
more than any other enemy shows it
self undisguisedly on pretty bonnet,
and the soft brush will be found tho
best friend of the woman who always
likes to look dainty. A bonnet
dreamed of by one artist developed Ly
a master in millinery. worn by tho
woman to whom it is best suited and
to the place where every thing is in ac-
cord. becomes less lovely than the
most ordinary ciGpeau if dust has been
allowed to rest in its folis or show in
distinct lines amid its straw. = But
tericE'S DetiRedtOr.
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15
WOMEN'S TRADES UNIONS.

The WOmen's Protective and Provident
League in LondOn--!An Important Move
mont to Give 1t Permanent Home.
A memorial has been projected to
the late Mrs. Paterson. Honorary Sec
rotary TO the Womcn's Protective and
Provident League. 1t is proposed to
build Central Trades Hall in Lon
don. as a common meeting-place and
Standardization for the Women's Trades
Union Societies. The league is pre-
pared to pay the working expenses of
the hall when it is bullt. Among the
speeches ut the meeting to promote
this object were Mr.. Allanson Pictou.
NJ. P. Miss Miller and Miss Tod. They
pointed out that the increase of wages.
so rs to make them more on q par with
mems for equal work, is only one of
the advantages of this combination.
The League is rot less valuable for the
self-rcstraint and fraternal feeling
which it cultivates; it adds. too. to the
s6f-reliance of the worker to find other
women engaged in similar occupa-
tons.
1t is remarkable Row much before
us the French are in the matter of the
payment of women for skilled work.
As rule French women receive in
France the same wages As men. rs in
the Government printing press. the
GObelin tapestry manufacture; and as
railway clerks and signal men. In
France a greater variety of really fine
skilled work is assigned to women
than in other countries. The surgical
instrument, makers are chiefly women,
and the critical operation of diamond
cntting. for which high wages are
given, is done by women. They work
also as jewellers and watcil-makers.
Hundreds of girls are trained yearly as
compositors.
Last month mentioned the tri-
umphs of Girton and Newman in the
recent examinations. The young Vic
toria University at Manchester, which
has lately opeEed its degrees to
women. has similar report to make.
as this letter from . correspondent
1estiticS:
Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1887-09-15
"A strolling photographer on Yves,

"A strolling photographer on West
ern avenue yesterday was taking the
picture OF mansion and asked little
girl who stood by to stand on the
stoop. She did so. and had her picture
''toOk. On her return to her homo
she informed her mother Of the Incl
dent, and garnished it with the jrbi-
liant remark: And it didn't hurt me =
bit. Albany Journal
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1887-12-24
WHITTIER.

Last week John Greenleaf Whittier,
the venerable American poet, celebrated
his eightieth birthday. His heightened
years have not clipped the wings Of his
genius, though his flights have not in
recent years been so lofty, nor his i'm
agination so brilliant as of yore. No
poet has lived who has won larger share
of the love OF the American people. The
nation greets him with reverence and
affection and rejoices in his useful life;
for it has been one of peace and comfort
and helpfulness to his fellows. His mary
elous muse has found in America the key
note of his Hottest inspirations. If it can
be said with truth that we have no musical
originality, it cannot be charged that we
have no poetic individuality. Whittier, of
all the noble class of American poets,
stands foremost as representative in all
his verse of America. He is the father of
the American school of poetry, if the
phrase may be used. The land of his
home has been to him the mother and
nurse and all-suffcient stimulant for his
genius. In nature about him he has found
the themes to which have been attuned
his Hottest songs. Whittier is essentially
the poet of the heart-he has written only
from and for the heart What may be
termed the severity Of his chaste lines, has
always been in the interest Of truth and
peace and content and human happiness.
No American poet has entered into such
close and sweet communion with men,
lifted up more tenderly the faint, or
breathed more of hope into the souls of
Respondent. No one of our writers who has
touched the sacred Tyre, has been inspired
by holier passion or breathed subiimer
sentiment His poems have made the
people of America his debtors for the good
his songs have borne upon their wings to
countless fresides in the nation. His has
been the hopeful, the up-looking nature
he has led and sustained by his peaceful
dignity and poetic eloquence, where fiery
passion and brilliant imagery have simply
awakened admiration, but commanded no
disciples The keystone of his life-work
has been the brotherhood of humanity,
the religion of charity, the nobility Of
living. A nation turns to him as he enters
upon another decade of content; every
heart he has made glad, and every soul his
songs have lifted up and given hope,wishes
him in this holiday season the choicest
blessings heaven can bestow.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1887-12-24

occupy in the scheme of civilization. In
fact, the chief restraint to-day upon the
freedom of divorce is that exercised by the
church.
1t was proposed some four years ago that
a convention be held, to be called by Gov
errors of the States to consider this ques-
ton of uniformity. The scheme was pro-
iected under the belief first, that indorse-
ment by the requisite number of States
cannot be secured for such law as the
resolution of Senator Dolph looks for
ward to secondly, because of the belief
that agreement can be reached between the
States by conference and the agita-
ton of the subject. Judge Noah
Davis was, We believe, the earliest,
as he has been the most
able advocate of uniform marriage and
divorce laws, and yet throughout his essays
upon the subject, the fear prevails that
any attempt, in this century at least, to
secure an amendment to the Federal Con-
stitution would be futile A member of
the Chicago bar, some two years ago. con-
tributed to the literature Of the subject a
very reliable paper. The statistics given
in that document and the conflicts of the
laws instanced in it, are astounding. That
essay should now be reprinted and given
general circulation, as it would do more
than any other paper upon the topic that
we can recall, to inform the people and
give them food for thought upon this i'm
portant social question.
The projecting of the subject at this
time into debate can only result in
good, even if the resolution should fail
| For the more it is debated the nearer we
will approach to a satisfactory result which
must be attained eventually. The gravity
of the question, its freedom from political
color, its profound interest to all we'll.
wishers of the race and friends of ciyiliza,
ton, will insure it broad attention, now
that it comes before the country in al
authoritative form. The disposition tc
leave the Constitution untouched to pro
hibit meddling with it, and to keep reform
tinkerers from marring its symmetry, il
strong in the people, and they will therefor,
hesitate long before adding the proposed
new feature to it. But naturally those
who will oppose the amendment on the
ground that it is dangerous innovation
will advance other propositions for thu
attainment Of the desired end. and thu
the question will be popularized in debate
The result must be greatly augmented
sentiment in favor of reformation of tn,
laws of civil contract relating to marriage
and in favor of radical reform of abuses
under the divorce laws
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1887-12-24

Paris special in the New York Tribune
NJ. Grevy's monthly salary was S25, 900, as
will also be that of NJ, Garnet The yearly
income is paid in twelfths and without de-
auctions of any sort. 1t comes to S550000,
of which Sl50,000 is allowed for festive ex-
penditure The festivity would be covered
by $4,000 The PRESIDENT is also allowed
frewood, candle and gas light, men serv-
ants, the wages and board of whom the
State pays, as we'll as the liveries Of whom
it buys, two carriages, a carriage for his
secretaries, two military secretaries, three
civil secretaries, house linen and the cost
of washing it, vegetables for his table from
the ex-royal gardens, flowers for his green
house and bathrooms from the nursery
gardens, valuable reserves in the forests OF
Marty and Rambouillet which not only
supply his table with all the game it can
consume but enable him TO put away
$4,000 year. The Elysee is repaired for
his use, and when his daughter was mar
ried the interior part of the east wing was
knocked down, fitted up, carpeted and fur
nished to suit her convenience. The Presi-
dent has box at the Opera and at the
Francois, and used to have one at the
Opera Comique, supplied him also by the
State. His sitting-rOom is fitted up with
telephones, wh;eA enabled him and his
family to hear operas without stirring
from the chimney corner. This too, is
paid for by the nation. heard an old
legal chum of President Grevy say the
other day that he must have put by at the
Elysee 81 100000 at least.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1887-12-24

THE Chicago Times agitates the ques-
ton of white slavery in the Ohio and
Pennsylvania coal mines, saying that there
are several hundreds of thousands of these
operatives whose condition is in every par
ticular as bad as that of the African servi-
tude which prevailed in this country, and
for whose abolition great war was fought
and a million of men sacrificed. There are
freedmen's bureaus, organizations for the
education of the poor blacks; old ladies OF
both sexes are constantly meeting for the
concerning Of measures of relief for the en-
franchised Africans, while for the enslaved
white miners not voice is being lifted
nor a hand raised" But these toilers in
the mines are at least not held in involun-
tary servitude. The spirit that is aroused
in their behalf ought to be more vigorous
in its protests against the slavery in Cali
fornia under which human "chattels" are
bought and sold for coin, and transferred
and held as absolutely as ever were the
slaves of the South.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1887-12-24
SENATOR DoLPH's AMENDMENT

Senator Dolph proposes an amendment
to the Constitution of the United States to
permit Congress to enact uniform marriage
and divorce laws. Upon this important
question the REcoRD-UNIoN has taken oc-
casion very frequently to express its views.
1t believes there should be uniform mar
riage and divorce laws; it doubts very
much, however, if Senator Dolph's amend
ment will prevail, because the sentiment is
plainly augmenting that is opposed to any
further transfer of sovereign power of
States to the Federal Government.
Yet it is beyond all question of the most
vital Importance to our social, and in a
sense, to the political system, that a nearer
approach to uniformity in our laws relat-
ing to marriage and divorce be made, and
there must be brought about, in some man
ner, radical reformation in these matter.
Under present conditions, that is mar
riage in one State that in another is not
recognized; it is possible for a man to le-
galiy become the husband OF two women
at the same time; he may be free of mar
riage bonds in one State, while held bound
by them in another; he may marry in
each State, and passing from one to the
other, be successfully divorced from all his
wives he may be held bigamist by one
State, and innocent of bigamy in another,
for one and the same act. Under our
present system divorce is encouraged in
one portion Of our common country, and
frowned upon in another; in all parts of it,
by reason of non-uniformity of the laws,
laxity in their administration, the easy
conscience of witnesses, the chicane of a
class of lawyers, and the convenient blind
ness of some Courts, the marriage relation
is cheapened and the tendency created TO
drag it from the exalted position it should