davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
WASHINGTON LETTER.
ihe Largest and the Smallest Man in
Congress, Stewart Of Texas ana
Wheeler Of Alabama.
The Cost of COLLECTING the Revenue from
Customs in Texas for the Fiscal Year
Ending June 30, 1873.
Correspontence of the Gazette.

Correspondence of the Gazette.
WASHINGTON, Jan 2G.-The tallest
man in the House is Stewart of Texas
He viii tip the scales at $50 pounds, and
q measuring rod six feet three inches
long is required to ascertain his eXac.
. height. He is an accomplished lawyer,
and when he first came to Congress every
one expected great things of him. He
has taken 20 active part, however, in the
deliberations Of the House, and is as
silent as the tomb or the floor. He is q
lrst-rete worker in his quiet way, and g
good committeeman and pushes the mat
tiers of interest TO his state with
signal success. HIS efforts last year
in behalf OF liberal appropriations for the
rivers and harb0Is of Texas viii be we'll
remembered, ana as 8 member Of the
rivers and harbors committee he has
served Texas We'll Mr.. Stewart is very
reserved in his manner, and when talking
to newspaper correspondents is very
cautious il what he says.
In striking contrast to Stewart, and
seated near him, is General Joe Vince Ter
CT Alabama, who is about five feet nigh
and weighs perhaps 100 pounds. He is
why, nervous man of fifty summers, talks
in a jerky way. He is graduate OF
West Point, class of 1859, and was com
missioned IN the United States army as
lieutenant of dragons and serVeG;fa
Kansas ald New Mtyco8 He
resigned in 1861 and wasS ap-
pointed as Lieutenant of sftil!ery
IL the Confederate army, end cUmlifanded
an iufautry brigade at The battle of ShtS
Ion; was promoted and appointed t. the
command Of the army corps of cavalry OF
the western army, Continuing IN that po-
ton tn the war closed, 6nG on the death
OF General Stewart he became the Senior
cavalry general of the Confederate ar
mics. In 1866 he was appointed professor
of philosophy il the Louisiana State
Seminary, which Office he declined; prac-
ticed law and engaged in cotton planting
until 1880, since which time he las been
9 member of Congress He is very pop
uia9 on his side OF the House, and enjoys
& battle of words almost 6s much as 2
cavalry charge.
The Secretary CT the Treasury trans
mits TO Congress the following estimates
Of appropriations necessary for defreying
the expense Of collecting the revenue
from customs in the state of Texas for
the fiscal year ending June 80. 1888.
ESTIMATE OF EXPE SIS OF COLLECTING THE
REVENUE FROM Gus OMS, Enc.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

How a Doctor Coerced n Snake from His
Place of Refuge In the Stomach of .
Young Girl.
NEW YORK, Jan. PIT. Bredt & Co.'s
chemical works are situated on Atlantic
avenue, in the village of WOODBURY., Just
one block from the Kings county line.
Celestin Burdion is the night-watchman,
and lives with his wife and two daugh-
tiers in dilapidated frame house in the
premises. The younger of the two girls
is pretty and healthy looking child,
named Christina, and has attained her
twelfth year. Mrs. Burdion is an ex-
cellent housewife, and for many years
has made up her own wine from elder
berries that grow IN the woods near by.
4 good share of the work of gather
ing the berries fell upon Chris
tine, and when she returned home
from one of these errands q lit
tie over q year ago, she complained of
pains in the stomach. The usual house
remedies were applied, but as they failed
to give any relief q physician was called
in. His medicines also failed, and other
physicians were consulted with the same
result. Then, acting on the advice of a
friend, Mrs. Burdion took the girl to 8
uOsDlIdl Oh ElshIH surety view 1OTK,
founded by Mrs Oswald 0ttendorfer. A
physician took charge of the case, tried
several experiments, and as last resort
ordered the girl to fast for three consecu-
tive days and again call at the hospital.
This was on Saturday last, and from then
until Tuesday the girls suffer
inas were intense. She occasions
ally remarked that she "felt
something alive inside of her," which she
claimed rose in her throat at certain in
tervals. Tuesday came at last and the
girl and her mother visited the hospital.
To the physician the girl gaze descrips
ton of her sufferings. She was COM
PEELED to open her mouth as wide as DOS
sible, while the physician continually
slapped her on the back. This was re-
peated several times, until the doctor
hurriedly seized pair of pincers, placed
them in the girls mouth and drew from
her throat snake fully eight inches long.
At the sight the girl tainted away, and 1t
was long time before she could be re-
stored to consciousness. She is now i'll
from fright.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

tive steers 81 4Oa5 co; fair to good shipping
steers 81 1904 80; butchers steers. air TO choice
So OOG4 Is; feeders. fair to good, 81 706S so:
stocSe's, ir to good, - 1908 90; Texans, COM
mon to cnoicer 81 S0d3 80. Hogs-Receipts
800: market opened steady Closed Sc lower
than yeste day 81 001 % Sheep-Receipts
500; marset trOng; common to fair g 60GS 10;
mrdium TO fancy s. 75G4 so
KANSAS CITY. Mo, FEB. 2.-The Live stock
Indie tor reports: CattIe-ReceIpts 2oC0; ship
ments 1000; active and firm: % to choice
IL pr 81 00G4 49, common 10 medium s. 40
as 80; ocsers 81 6OG3 10; feeding steers 50 goa
IS: cows 81 COOS 10 HOgs-Re -eiuts $500;
shipments 1900; strong and ii shade higher q
81 4 al 50 Sheep Receipts 22I2, shipments
Jos; st adv; good choice So 25d3 IS; co mon
to medium 81 OOG3 90.
CHICAGO, ILL, Feb. THE Drovers' Journal
reports Cattle-Eecuipts 1000; shipmen
2OO0; the market was strong and more
active shipping SIT ers, s. 40G5 90; stockers
and feeders 81 4063 So; cows bulls and mixed,
81 OOG3 Is; bulk g OOG3 10. Hogs-Re-
ceipts q, 900; shipments 1900; slow early but
close strong, $ 25Gj 10 Sheep-Receints 5000;
shipments 1000; fairly active and 10dl5c lower;
natives So 00G5 90; western 50 50Gi %; Texans
s. 00G4 60, lambs, ST 0OG5 go
Saw YORK. Feb. -Beeves-Receipts
1870 head; market tribe frner; common 10
ext steers 81 l0a5 30; bulls and dry COWS
s. 0Cd3 20; export 275 beeves, 1900 quarters of
beef. Sheep-Re eipts $500; mar ct eX remedy
dull win pr ces fairly maintained; sheep 81 90
as 49, lambs s. 7jG7 o.. Hogs Receipts goo;
none offered alive; nominal value So 2O6j 80.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
TIE SENATORIAL INGESTIG ALTON.
Elk Governor Ireland to Testify Before the
United States Senatorial Committee.

Elk Governor Ireland to Testify Before the
United States Senatorial COMMITTEES.
Special to the Gazette.
BRENNAN, Ten, Feb. There is
considerable stir in this community over
the investigation soon to take place in the
United States Senate relative to charges
by the three scalawags Hackworth,
Moore and Schutz. A telegram mas been
received from Senator Coke stating that
we will be allowed but thirty witnesses.
and the good people of the county are in
dignant and feel that they are to be
tried away from home without the
right of being fully heard. a
list of witnesses, including many promi-
nent Republicans as as well as Demo
Gratis, has about been agreed on by the
citizens to be ready for the sergeant-at-
arms when he arrives. Ex-Governor Ire
land, ex-State Senator Burton, colored, of
Fort Bend county, and Representative K.
j. Moore, colored, of this county, the two
latter Republicans, are on the list. The
sergesnt-at arms is expected tonight or
tomorrow.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
ON CHANGE.
Spot Cotton Unchanged, Futures from
Two to Eight Points Higher.
Money Market Easy.
Wheat Opened Easy, Gained Strength and
Closed at an advanCe-iive stock
Transactions Brick.
FORT WORTH MARKETs-DAILY re
yIET.
OFFICE OF THE GAZETTE,
FORT WORTH. TEX, FEB. ., 1887. I

OEF1CE OF 1HE
FORT WORTH. TEX, FEB. 2, 1887.
Trade was good to-day-better than
usual in many lines.
Hides are in good demand ct the prices
quoted.
Eggs are weakening, owing to large
offerings.
NEW YORK STOCK AND BOND MARKET.
The principal influence upon the New
York stock market during the past week
was the break in the London market
which, originating in epprehensions Of
war in Europe, caused semi panic on the
London exchange on Monday last. While
there was a recovery almost Immediately
after and a more peaceful outlook, at
least fer thu present, 4 liquidation of no
uncomfortable proportion was started,
the feet Of which was felt very severely
By the New York market. From the gen.
ersl tenor of adyiCeS received it is not
improbable that the movement to some
extent correspondent to a bear raid here,
and that the unfavoraDle elements of the
situation were made use of to the ad-
vantage OF operators Tor the fall. The po-
sitiOn of the English stock market, how
ever, invited just such a movement. a
feverish hull speculation, in which Ameri-
can securities bore leading part, began
there months ago, and sometime since
reached limits at which liquidation was
not only inevitable but necessary. The
remedy has now been applied, and there
will, perhaps, be a continuation of the
unloading process and an unsettled feel
ing for some little time; but unless
hosti!ities should break out at once it
would seem that the decline will leave the
market IN a healthier condition Brad
streets
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
INTERSTATE COMMERCE BILL.
Why the knights of Labor Ask TO Have it
Vetoed.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL, Feb. 2.-Repre
sentative Barley OF the Illinois Legisla-
ture is in receipt of a dispatch from
Beaumont, Chairman OF the Legislature,
to committee of the Knights Of Labor at
Washington, confirming the statement
that the committee asked the President
to veto the interstate commerce bill and
counting any responsibility which may
arise from their course. Mr.. Beaumont
also writes 8 letter to Representative
French giving the reason for this action
by the committee. He says during the
last session of Conpress the committee
favored the Reagan bill as against the
Cullom hill, and the HouseIejected the
Culiom blllby l54 to lQ4., aud @threw the
matter into a committee CONFERENCE. The
Yesult was the present conferenee report,
which embedded Cullom'S bnl almost
bodily. rs
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
ECZEMA
And Every Species of Itching and
Burning Diseases Cured
by CuticUra.

ECZEMA, or Salt Rheum, with Its a2onizing
Il It. hing aud burning, Instantly relieved by
warm bath VISA Cuticura Soap, and single p
plication of Cuticura, the great SKIN Cure This
rep aated daily, vi h two or three doses OF Cuti
cura Resolvent, the New Blood Purifier to keep
the blood cool, tine Precipitation pure and unir-
ritating, the bowels open, tn, liver AnG Kidneys
active, will speedily cure Eczema. letter, Ring.
worm Psoriasis, Lichen, Pruritus Scald Head,
anoruff aud every species of Itching, >caly
anu Pimply Humors of the Scalp and skin,
when the best physicians and all known rene
dies fell.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
The Work of Railroads.

Railroads have made Texas and the
towns and cities of Texas. In proof of
the assertions that railroads are making
the cities of Texas, it only needs be said
that any city in the state will always do
nate literally in money and land to Sc
cure railroads. We do not wish to con.
vey the idea that railroads alone make
cities, because they do not. Manufact0s
ries, liberal, progressive people, etc, afe
also essential. But railroads are the
great factors in developing this county.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
FAITH CURE.
\ NnuuE oEichisnn Woman Cured OF an
AbSc 81 In tho Side.

\ NounE 3Eielhsnn Woman Cured OF an
Ab,c 81 In the Side.
ADRIAN, MICH., Feb. "A strange but
wei! authenticated case of faith cure is
reported here. Mrs. Walter S. Mead,
aged twenty-five years, has suffered two
years with an abscess in the side, and for
past two weeks has been confined to her
bed. Sunday she was very low. Up to
Monday night doubts were en-
tertained whether the woman would
live. Yesterday her physician found
her dressed and sitting up eating with a
fair relish. She SAID last night the Lord
in response to her prayers, had healed
her and restored her to strength. re-
porter who called later found the woman
firm IN the faith that she was cured. An
examination of her side showed an ap-
parently healing wound with suppura-
tjpn
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

An emery wheel may be very readily
trued up by using bar of wrought iron,
or, better yet, bar OF copper, instead of
q diamond. The reason for this is that
the wrought iron or copper being soft the
grains of emery take a deeper bite into
the metal, and whether the emery is re-
moved from the wheel or not depends
upon which is tougher, the metal or the
cement II the wheel.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
5 CA 2 ] c S q
Suffering WomanhoOd.

Too much effort cannot be nggfqgte bring to-
the sttsEtipn of gathering womGtihood the great
yalueef Lydia EsPlukham's Vegetable Com
pound as a remedy fer the dlseases of women
Such an one is the x1ttfspf General Garringer of
winston,N c.. and Ipssquesefrom the Gener
ais letter as follows: eDear Mrs. Pinkham:
Please allow me to i'd my testimony to the
most excellent MEDICINAL qualities OF your Veg
etable Compound f4siBi,rringer was treated
for scversl years for what the physician called
leucorriIe a and prola9sus uteri combined. 1
sent her 70 RiehpondsVa, where she remained
for SIX mont Rlter the treatment of an
eminent physiciRn without any permanent
ben,fi she wasinduced to try your medicine,
ana after a reasonable time commenced to
Improve, ana is now able to attend to her bust
ness, and considers hers If fuYy Referred"
General Barrlnger is the prop ietor of the
.,AMeric4R Hotel, Winston, N, c., and is widely
knewn.f
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

LIVERPOOL. Feb. Cotton - Spot closed
tcady and unchanged
Ordinary. ~ l6d, good ordinary, 47ld; low
midding, sd; middlinS upIands, SID; mid
ding fair, SID.
Total sales, 10000; American, GOO; imports
500 American, 1860
Futures steady and , to points higher
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
COTTON MARKETS.
CIV Orleans.

NEW ORLEANS, La, Feb. -Cotton-Spot
closed steady and unchanged.
Lo. ordinary, &c; ordinary. nc; good
ordinary, SIC; low middling, 9l6c; midd ing
SIC; d mlddliag, 9i:ci middl!rg fair, SIC;
fair, 10 71Gc.
sales 5000 baes.
Futures opened and ru steady, closing
quit but steady, to : points higher.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
STARVING INDIANS.
Hunger and PestiIence Killing OFF the
NorthWsstern Red Men.

WINNIPEG, MAN, Feb. 2.-Intelligerce
from Slave Lake announces that the In
dians there are dying from starvation
and pestilence. Over $50 died last month
from measles, and as the fisheries have
failed and sFabbits and lynx have deserted
the country, they have no means of sub
siStence. V
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

General Grant smoked all the time and
died of cancer. John Roach, the old
ship builder, never smoked, never
touched cigar, and yet he died of can
Ger. There is great argument here in ia
vor of moderate smoking.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

Mr.. George ". Waits, General Agent,
freight department., Union Pacific Rail-
way, San Fraue' SEQ. Cal says: II have
derived much bene asirom the use of Red
Star CougECure II cases Of coughs and
colds" No opiates. So
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
MARRIAGE BY PROXY.
How Miss Nina Van Zandt and August
Spies were Married by a Subur-
ban Justice of the Peace.
The Proxy Made Out in Due Legal Form
and Signed by Spies in the Pres
ence OF Three Witnesses.
The Married Brother of the Prisoner Plays
the Part OF Groom-The Parents
of the Girl Present.
LOVE AT ANY COST.

CHICAGO, Ill, Feb. 1.-The announce
ment is made this evening that August
Spies and Miss Nina VauZandt have been
married by proxy, tie groom being repre-
sented by his brother. A suburban
justice Of the peace otliclat-
ed. When Sheriff Watson about
two weeks ago issued an order
to the officials of the county jail not to
admit Miss NauZandt it was thought that
the matter waS settled, but it now sp-
pesrs that neither of the couple Sban-
duned their purpose. The law about
marrying oy Letter and marrying by proxy
was looked up, but nothing was iaHfd
except in regard to marriage by
proxy. This was finally DECIDED upon,
and Justice Englehard in tae town Of
Jefferson, whose name tlgursG in the pa
! pers during the last months 5sisstAe.i3a.st
/ year as denouaCing the verdict OF the an
archist trial in public speeches., was con-
suited. He gave it as his opinion tha.
marriage oy proxy would be bind
ing by law if the proxy was made out
IN DUE LEGAL PORN.
He was commissioned to draw up the
form of proxy and he spent considers Bile
! time IN making it conform to what he
thought was the law in the csse. The
document was not got ready until las.
Friday. Early on Saturday Mrs. Van
Zandt and Gretchen Spies,
sister OF August, went out to
Jefferson and called on Justice Engle-
hardt TO get the proxy, and having Sc
cured the dOCumen they went direct to
the county jai! with it where they met the
wife of Spies brother Ferdinand, and
Z Mrs. Wendlans. Miss YauZ 4ndt's
three companions witnes5edthe signature
OF Spies to the document, by which ne
gave full authority 10 his brother, Henry
W. Spies,
TO REPRESENT HIM
st the ceremony. Mrs. Ferdinand Spies /,
aud Miss Gretchen Spies stoned the paper
to witness August Spies signature.
when the whole party, except Spies
himself, went with Ferdinand Spies to
Justice Englehardt's ofIic-, ON Milwaukee
avenue, in the town of Jefferson. They
were re inforced on the way by Miss Van
Z2ndt's parents aud Henry and Chris
Spies, brothers of August. The Journey
to Justice Englehsrdt's office was
made on foot. 1t was after So clock Sat
urday night. BE- this tiinethe Justice had
again
EXAMINED HIS LAW B0oBS,
and then the ceremony was Performed.
!ienTy Spies answered to the narfessof
August Vincent Theodore Spies, ana
under this name he was married to Miss
VanZandt, The bride and parents
went from the odlce OF the
justice to the home of Mr. and
Mrs. Ferdinand Spies not far distant
and remained there over night. The Ii
cense has not been returned to the Coun-
~ Clerk as required by law. 1t was
issued only three weeks ago, however,
and thirty days allowed for its return
have not YET expired. Justice Enele-
hardt is authority for the statement that
the marriage was performed.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

Glen Rose and Hamilton ere both will
ing to look to Fort Worth for railroad
connection, and the strong probabilities
sre that, like Jacksboro and Graham, the
first road they get will be built from this
city.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
Galveston.

GALVESTON, Ten, Feb. ;. - Cotton Spot
Closed firm quotations unchanged
Low ordinary, &c; ordinary, &c; good ord!
nary, &C. low middling, SIC; middling S 49, l6c !;
good middling, 9 3 Ice; middllng fair, CSC.
Gross rec, ipts, 2733.
Sales, 20lS
Exports 1910.
Shipments cOastWlse, Il34.
Stock, 72,724.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
6w York.

NEW YORK, Feb. 2-Cotton-Spot closed
steady and Ice higher.
Ordinary, exc; good ordinary. sac; low
middling, &c; middling, sac; good middl!ng,
9-.ci middling fair, los.
Sales, 77S.
Futures clo,ed steady at ) to points higher.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
EXAMINED HIS LAW B0t

Jet, Sir j. VIM. Dawson says, is btu
minized pine wood.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
.;0UrICURA REMEDIES

Are sold by all drueehts. Price :kCuticura, 80
cents; Reso'vent, 81 06s sSoap, 25seents Prepar-
ed By the Potter Drug and ehemical Co., Bos-
ton, Mass. Send for 1HeUto Cure Skin Dis
QEkHTtFY the Complexion ana Skin by us
DCHO ing the Onticura Soap.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

ST. LOUIS, MO-, eb.2.-Catte-Receipts 1900;
market active and strong; choice heavy ma
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
ECZEMA.

l have suffered from, Salt Rheu4h for over
tend to my busine - foEueeks xf4 time Three
boxes of Cuticuraend f6rr 6dfttssof Resolvent
haye entirely cursri me of this dresa,ul disease.
MIR. JOHN THIEL, WikeAlsaIre, Pa.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
EEZEN

Some fyesHsentfssaeo l had ssf3fc pleasure 10
inform you Of nysppseSs, asstt in the use of the
Gu icura Repedfes N ny case of severe Chron
lie Ecze ma Eyythemstosa, ara to day cheerfu'ly
confirm all then said. Z consider my cure
perfect and complete, and astribp it entirety
to your remefies, having u.s. d no9thers.
y FERNAN ESEStHARDO,
1906 Penna avenne, 81 Louis, Mo.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04

s. DR.. Curtis ,straightens Sross. eye in
oae minute. ,sGranGWindsoT hotelIDal-
las.
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
ECyEM a.

gratefully acknowledge a cure.of Eczema,
or Salt Rheum on mead, neck, face, arms and
legs for fseyenteen years; not able to walk
eX ept on hseds and Knees + r one year not
able 10 helplmysoi' for eight years ;.tried HIM
dreds n remedies; DOCTORS prOnou Decd my case
hopeless; permanently eured by the Cuiicura
fsHnedtes WILL MclKS AID,
So N1,ssss 25i2 DearbOn strecS Chicgo, Ill
Fort Worth weekly gazette. [volume] (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1887-02-04
STARVED OUT.

How Doctor Coerced Snake from His
Place of Refuge In the Stomach of q
Young Girl.
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1887-11-08
November weather Prediction $.

Mansel's Planetary Signal says the
principal planetary storm and electric
earth disturbing dates for November are
located about the eth to 10th, 18th to 22d
and 25th to the Both. The storms are
likely to be very severe from the Goth to
the 21st and 22nd. as Neptune is in its OPP
position on the Goth, or in the same posi-
ton as it was when ii gave us the great
storm in November. 1886. The temper
azure will probably average above the
mean of the season, both in the States
and Northern Europe. November will
be an unusually stormy month, with the
temperature running 10 great extremes
likely heavy rain storms and floods in sea
bounded States and heavy snow storms
in northern districts. Sun spots will be
more abundant but fluctuating during
the last half of the period.