davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
A DOUBLE SUICIDE.
Mother and Daughter lose Their Minds and
End Their Liyes-a Shocking Discovery.

NEW York, Aug 20-A disgusting stencil
filled the tenement No. 81 Charles street for the
past few days, and yesterday it grew bad
that Mrs Franklin, the housekeeper. notified
the police She believed that the smell came
from a decaying pail of garbage in the rooms on
the second floor occupied by Mrs. Melvina r.
w Payne and her daughter, Anna NJ. On Mon
day last the women had been seen closing up
the shutters, and it thought they had
gone into the country. The report TO
the police broughr response, ana
this forenoon the stencil had grown
SO vile that Mr. Hammann, the owner of the
house, decided to make an investigation. he got
the fire escape and peered through the
shutters into the womens room. he saw ooth
the women lying dead on the bed, which was oe-
spattered with blood. Horror-stricken the man
rushed for the police and a locksmith was pro-
cured, who burst open the door. Disinfectants
were spread about. and then an investigation
was made The women had been lying dead
since Monday. A razor and an empty laudanum
bottle chair beside the bed. Half
Supplied by the poison probably, and insensible
to pain the ~, woman s,ho1 had s eus a an.
kles and bled to death locked in each others
arms Death had Embossed their grin. and they
Letters found a table beside the bed showed
that they had carefully considered the plan OF
suicide and decided to die together. The enve'.
ope con tanning them was so soaked with blood
that the address was almost illegbe. The
police made it out TO be 'Niiss Fl. A. Weed. No.
IL West Twelfth street" Miss Weed is adaueh-
ter of the late Thurlow Weed, and the Paynes
were known to be old friends Of the Weed
family. The letter said:
''Miss 81. A Weed:
Dear Friend-If any thing happens that we are
both found dead, Will you see that We are bur-
led in the Albany Rural Cemetery in oaken cas-
ketsl Mr. James Burns of the cemetery knows
where our lot is My mother had $l9l in the
Beeck er-street Savings Bank. have money IN
the above bank. also in the Bowery Savings.
and the Dry Dock, in Third avenue These
amounts will pay all the funeral expenses We
have pinched ana saved this money for little
homestead but that is all hopeless now. We
are both helpless now to minds. We are
not fit to for ourselves. The contents of
our house to be given to the poor
Another letter said: 1--WE are. both of us, my
mother and 1, insane, and dread the mad house.
We want be with family. Tell our rela-
tives where lie. Our relatives are Henry
Martin, "a Seelye avenue, Cleveland, o.. S M.
Talbot, Wioughby, Lake county. o.: Julia A.
Mansfield, Chateaugav. Franklin county, n. Y"
The Payne family had lived in the house up
wards of three years. They were quiet gentle
Mrs. Payne widow about sixty
years old; her daughter was about thirty five
years OF age. and was teacher in the East Side
public school 1t was not known by the neigh
bors that there was anything unusual about the
women
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
Great Race at monmouth Park.

NEW YORK. Aug. 20.-The first race at Mon
mouth Park was won by Mona, Cyclops second,
Precosia third. Time, l:46s
Second Race-Three-euar of a mile.
Speciality won; Now or Never second, the Ca
dence filly third. Time 1lSs.
Third Race-One and onehalf mile Lag
gard won; Firenz second. Hanover third. Time,
2:44 The Dryers Brothers publicly declared
they would win with Hanover. After false
start they got the flag and started,
with Laggard in the lead, Esquimaux second,
Hanover next and Kingston and Firenzi follow
ing. Hanover moved they went around
the turn, and was only half length behind
Laggard. who doggedly made the pace. Esoui-
maux two lengths behind Hanover, Kings
ton and Firenzi tailed close behind. AS they
swung into the near stretch. Lasgard led by
half length and Hanover was two lengths
ahead of Esouimaux, who was directly in
front of Kingston and Firenzi. AS they
passed the Jud ges' stand. Laggard and Hanover
were nose and nose. Hanover was under q pull
which held his head high in the air. and there
himself again" AS they rounded the lower turn,
Laegard still in the lead. but just as they
reached the quarter-post. Mclaughlin gave
Hanover his head for a moment, when
jumped to the front with lead OF length.
Mclaughlin seemed satisfied that his horse
would answer whenever he called him, for he
pulled him down, and at the stables Laggard
more showed in front and headed
Hanover around the upper turn by
a head. EsQulmauX was still third, but EireZnl
had moved up a place. Laggard was still to the
fore they swung into the home stretch and
Firezni was at Hanovers saodle-girth Then be-
gan one of the grandest finishes ever seen on
coarse. Side by side almost came Laegard,
Hanover and Firenzi. The great son of Hindoo
was in the center of the track and his enemies
on each side of him. Whip and spur
piled all three The excitement
became intense, and men screamed and shouted
at the top of their voices On they came, splash
ing the mud high their heads. At the
sixteenth pole Garrison. Firenzi, dropped his
whip. The Snapper" has bone felon on his
finger, and pain made him unable to retain it
longer 1t anybody's race for a moment
and blanket would have covered all three
horses moment more. and they were past
the judes, Laggard leading by neck and FL
renzi a head in front of Han over, Kingston fin
fishing last.
Fourth Race--One aud three-eghths mile.
Long knight won; Barnum second Argo third.
Time. 2:30.
Fifth Race-Three fourths of mile. Leather
Stocking won; Fred B. second. Luna Brown
third. Time, lie
Sixth Race-One and one-eighths mile.
Strathspey won; Editor second, Relax third.
Time. 2:01s.
Seventh Race--Steeple chase, full course.
Hercules won; Sam Emery second, Tennessee
third. Time 2:05I
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21

on balls, two struck out. and Cornell, who was
heavv batter got up and knocked terrific fly
away out into right field. The big Chief ram
did a circus act, and caught the ball. All the
players of his club and the spectators join ed
IN shouting to the chief Gay boy, Corneii!D in
chorus His roommate says that night Roseman
sat up In bed and shouted aloud, 'Gay boy. Cor
neil, several times, and then lay down and fell
asleep. Ever since then he has been guyed
about it by players especiallywhenhe goes to bat
St Louis Post-Dispatch: Two months ago
there were rumors of dissensions in the Phiia-
delphia club which playing bad ball, and
presently the public was surprised to read of
the release of two of tho best players.
They WI re the disturbers, but Notwithstanding
this fact. their release caused many doubts.
Manager Wright knew what he was doing.
however. and although his team kept on losing
for a time, he pulled them gradually into line,
until now they headed for the top. They
may not get there but they will be near neigh
bors when the fight Is over
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
Postoffics Burglar Shot.

INDIANA. Pa, Aug 20.-Last night Alonzo
Kelly, young son of Postmaster John E. Kelly.
Of Black Lick Pa. twelve miles from here, ia
tally shot Charles Rodgers burglar, who
caught in the act of robbng the postoffice.
night he was awakened by a noise down stairs.
and taking shotgun. started to investigate.
AS he entered the rear door two men came in
the front way. He called on them to halt but
they sprang toward him. when he raised the gun
and emptisd its contents into the breast of the
foremost man. The robber fell and was quickly
carried off by his companion. An hour later
the wounded man gave himself up He is still
living, but cannot recover.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
PHILADELPHIA.

Earned runs-Philadelphia. a; New York. a. Two
base hits-McGure, ORourke. Keefe. Stolen base
Ward. Double plays-Ferguson. Irwin and Farrar.
First base bals-Andrews, Fogarty. Farrar. Fer
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES, 1; New York, 1. Struck out
Wood Fogarty. Andrews, Casey. Gore. Ward, Rich
ardson. Time-2:4O. Umpire-Sulliyan.
BOSTON LOSES TWICE.
Boston. Aug. 2O.-To-day two consecutive
games were played at the South-end grounds,
which 600 witnessed by purchasing single ad-
mission. A heavy shower at 1 o'clock left the
grounds in a very bad condition, and the sky
wore lowering aspect throughout the afternoon.
The Washingtons won the first game on its mer-
its, and their fielding elected applause The
work of Donuelly at third base was wonderful
and has not been surpassed here this season.
Dealy. Myers and O'B-ien led in batting and
won the game. The coaching of the Bostons
again of the happy-go-lucky order. and shut
off possible run in the eighth. Whitney and
Stemmeyer were about equally effective. but
the latter showed greater steadiness with men
on bases. Score:
Washington RHss1Hi 30 Q Q Q o "a
Earned run-washington, I; Tvvo-base hit
van Burdock and Morrill, Dealy and Myers: Carroll
and O'Bren. First base on ba.ls--Wise, Nash, Nor
nelly. Whitney. Hines Struck out-Johnston t2),
Whitney (2l. Nash. Wild pitches-stanmeyer Whit
ney (2) Time-145 NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
Conway and Tate, Gilmore and Gilligan were
down on the card for the second game. but Mr.
Gaffney concluded to make a second trial of the
same battery which won the first game Mana
ger Morrill, accepted the situation and did tine
same. The game was exciting the players
their metal. and the crowd generous and impair
tial In approval of the fine plays with which the
game abounded. Stemmyers work up to the
seventh inning remarkable. the visitors
finding the ball for only three scattered hits A
wild throw by O'Rourke and hit by Whitney
scored the first for the Washingtons.
O'Briens home run, following Dailey's three
Dagger in the ninth. won the game. Kelley
batted terrfcally, but took too many chances in
running bases. and Wise and Morrill, folded
brilliantly. The Washington infied again played
a great game Mr. Doescher's work recalls that
of Gafney and Ferguson in their best days
Scora
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
Unknown Man KILLED.

tpec1aI the Ind1anapOIIs
WABASH, Aug. 20-The horribly mangled
corpse of a strange man was. early this morning
found on the track of the Chicago e. Atlantic
railroad. at Laketon, this county. One arm and
both feet were cut of, the head was badly
crushed, and the body was covered with bruises.
The remains were attired in a light summer coat
and vest and wooden pantaloons. The body
evidently that of thirty years of age, and
a memorandum found indicated his home
have been at Bluffton. The coroner held in
quest and returned verdict of death by being
run down by train.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
CHICAGO. 8; PIrrsnrRa. 2

PITTsBURG. Aug. 20-Nearly 5000 people
watched the Chicago and Pittsburg clubs NAV
their third game of the series. Pittsbure tried
to make it three straight, but failed by scratch.
The game was quite exciting Morris and Van
Haltren met for the first time and fou sht an in
terestipg battle. Van Haltren had a shade the
best of IL. Umpire Powers favored the Chicago
club throughout, and his decisions caused con-
siderable wrangllng. Chicago scored the win.
ming runs in the eighth inning. hits by DAILY,
Van Haltren and Darling. Fields center field
running catches. Score:
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
Two Men Killed at q Crossing.

NASHVILLE, Tenn. Aug. 20-J. C. Ussery
and son and Peter Hension tried to drive
the track of the Nashville & Florence railroad,
near Lawreneeburg to-day: they were struck by
train and both men were instantly killed and
the boy fatally injured. The wagon was broken
into splinters and both horses killed.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
Boston o o . 90 81 o-3
Washington o O O O 4 O "a

Earned runs--Boston, 2; Washington 2. Stolen
ORourke. Three-base hits--Kely, stemmeyer, Daily.
Home run-O' Brien. Double plays-Sutton and Nor
rill Donnely. Dealy and Mack; Dealy Myers and
O'Brien. First base on errors-Wise, Stemmeyer,
Dealy Struck out-Nash, 0'Rourke Daily: O'Brien,
Myers. Donney, Whitney Passed ball-O' Rourke. L;
Mack. l. Wild pitch-Stemmeyer. Time-1:45. UNI
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
W arning.

How many people ruin their stornachs by
swallowing cold drinks hot summer day.
when they could avoid all danger by adding ten
drops OF ANGoSTURA B1TTERs besides imparting
a delicious flavor to their summer beverages
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
RicVcla RaCinR

NEWARK. N. J., Aug. 20 AT BICYCLE meet
ing here to-day. S. G. Whitaker, of Chicago,
won the one mile professional handicap in
2:41 As. and the two mile professional handicap
in 55fs 80
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
AUCTION SALE.


A UCTION SALE OF REAL ESTATE-WE WILL
N sell at auction, by order of the executor on
2S8 n. Liberty street, the two-story frame house
of IL rooms. cellar, cistern well and stable; lot
116 side alley Terms: 5000 cash; balance l. 2 and
years: per cent. interest. w. Il. MICK s. co.
l.. n. PERRY, Auctioneer.
d EAL ESTATE At AUCTION-WE WILL SELL
Ii at auction the nineteen vacant lots located one
block south of the rolling mill Nickel and Ray
street. seventeen fronting Nickel and two Ray
street. These all fine building lots. Buy and
build you little home. The who works at II
near the rolling mill win never have another chance
to get home near his work and centrally located
for the money. The terms will be made easy and
announced at the sale Sale takes place the preni
Co, Agents. l.. n. PERRY Auctoneer.
A UCTION SALE OF NEW FURNITURE, ETC
II We will sell on Tuesday morning August %, at
10 clock, at the furniture store of T. Benson. No.
loo e. Washington street. a large assortment of new
furniture consisting of fine walnut rnarbletop bed
room suites elegant plush parlor suites. wal
nut wardrobe, marpletop dressers. marble-top
center table, and stands. large mirrors decor
ated toilet sets bureaus, rockers chairs wash
stands double lounges. wire springs cane-seat
rockers and chairs, stands spring rockers. chi.ds
bedsteads, full variety of bedsteads, extension
tables tboth round and dropleaf mattresses springs
COTS looking glasses oil paintings, chromos hanging
lamps safes carpets. etc. etc. These goods are all
desirable and of the latest styles, and must be
closed out Terms, cash. Sale positive. GUSTIN
Sc MCCURDY, Auctioneers.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
DAILY WEATHER BULLETIN.
Indications.

WASHINGTON. Aug 81, A. NJ.
For Ohio and Indiana-Fair weather, followed
in the northern portion by local rains; slightly
warmer winds, shifting to southerly.
For Lower Michigan-Fair weather, followed
by local rains; winds generally from east to
south; slight changes temperature.
For Tlinois-Loca rains, except in the south
portion fair weather; southerly winds, be.
coming variable; cooler in the western portion,
stationary temperature in the eastern portion.
For Wisconsin-Local rains, followed by fair
weather; variable winds cooler in the eastern
portion; stationary temperature in the western
portion.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
INDIANAPOLIS

out-Cleveland A. Metropolitans. 1. Passed balls
Holbert j; Donohue. L. Wild pitch-Weidman. Time
$50. Umpire-Bauer.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21

Detroit. .- o o j o o o O.
Earned runs-Detroit q Indianapolis 2.
Two-base hits-Shomberg. Brown, Richardson,
White.
Threebase hits-Richardson. Seery.
Home runs-Bennett. Hackett.
Stolen bases-Glasscock, Denny ~, Richardson,
Brouthers Hanlon, Shomberg
Double plays-Bassett to Glasscock to Shomberg,
(2l Bassett to Shomberg.
First base on bals-tflasscock. Shomberg Myers,
Brouthers ~ Bennett (2) Gruber.
Hit by pitched ball-Glasscock (2).
First base on errors-Indianapolis 4.
Struck out-Twitchell, Hanlon Gruber f2)
Wild pitches-Leitnsr 3.
Time-2l5.
IImpire-J. Brennan
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
REMOVAL

DR. BRAYTOF'S OFFICE AND RESIDENCE Is
H. at No. sos East Washington street.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21
FOR Observation-Disclosures

FOR SALE-MISCELLANEO
ELEVATOR FOR SALE-A READY ELEVATOR
Ia rugged to run by steam; has 135 feet of wire
rome. address ELEVATOR, Journal Office
FURNACE FOR SALE "A LITTLE GIANT
Furnace nearly new; capable of heating large
store-room small residence; will be sold cheap.
Address FURNACE. Journal office.
TNOR SALE-ROOMING-HOUSE FURNITURE-
Il is elegantly furnished. with lease of build
ing, right down in the center of the city. A
opportunity for any to make money renting fur
nished rooms; house full of frstclass roomers.
HAMLlN & CO., SO North Delaware street.
A GOOD CHANCE FOR A LIVE BUSINESS
IA mana firstclass grocery and meat market 1.-TWO
stores) in Chicago, ILL., (south side wellstocked and
doing very profitable business for sale reasonable.
A money maker realize a handsome profit on his
investment the prices paid for products good.
Good reasons for selling For particulars, address
1913 State street.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1887-08-21

Totals..---- Ia 25 IL 6 Totals. 8 81 16 z
Winning run made with man out
Score by innings:
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1887-10-11
Obituary.

James J. Corc6ran. Alderman from tho FIJI.
teenth district died Sunday night at bis home 2<2
West Thirtythrd street. Of CONSUMPTION. He born
in this city In 1883, educated In the public schools
learned the trade Of machnist and worked in Howes
sewing machine factory. He saved money. and suoss
quenty successful In the liquor business BE va.
long connected with TammAny Hall, and WAS elected
Alderman In 1895 and reelected last year BY the United
Democracy He had been delegate 70 the state Con.
ory WIN DO held to-day BY the Aldermen and BY hi.
morning 80 from the Church Of the Holy nnocsnts
on West Thrty.soventh street, near Broadway. lie
leaves widow and ono son.
John H. Pearson Of the oldest Journalists In Penn,
sylvsnis died in Lancaster yesterday morning aged
years. He the founder Of the Age the Saturday "a
press and the Daily Epess Of Lancaster publishing ths
latter Journal for over twenty years In his youth hS
was ono Of the two fastest competitors in the United
States
The Rev Royal @. wilder for many yeArs missionary
to India died at his homo At <S0 West Twentieth street.
this city yesterday Dr. Wilder va born 3: srdp9 's
the direction OF the American Board Of Foreign MIS-
sions and Established schools in various parts Of India
lilo returned 90 this country IN 1878. and few Year,
later became editor Of the ssondry RereD at Prince
ton. DR. wilder had hoped to return to India soon He
leaves widow and four children
William McAiiister Of Paterson died on Sunday
aged S3.
DR.. Henry Cork one Of the most prominent physicians
Of Long Island died at his residence in Sag .rboI q
Sunday. He was . native OF England. and In his 7Ssh
year.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1887-10-11
MRS IRVING TAKES CAL0RAL
Carried frsn . Jersey city Hetel In m An
bulaAce-Mr. suyAan's Client.


Carried rrsn Jersey city Hstel In m An.
bulaAce-Mr. suydsn's Client.
1t was reported at Police Headquarters In
Jersey City last evening that lady had boon
taken on Friday last to Ewing's Hotel. at II to
81 Montgomery street in that city. By an I'M
known man. and while there she had attempt
ed suicide by taking dose Of chloral. An in
vestigation disclosed the fact that the woman
was Mrs. Irving Of Newark. and that the man
referred to was Abraham Suydam. lawyer Of
80 Warren street in this city.
Mr.. Suydam had said ct the hotel that Mrs.
Irving was his client. and that she was suffer
feet rest as her and ts h
hs os sS hes r. o
a liz T. behaved herself with perfect pro
sHs aia sc sS9 who ssS &c
auirins about Mrs. irving asked to be shown
isw minutes when she excitedly returned to
f:a TsSss sSSls0 and
was preser f ssn lev minutes later the lady
sS Ssd taksn Sa ounce &c eiora and
vas inclined to Sssss sss Thu IL.
piled that she was physician and knew what
she could stand.
She then relapsed into 2 comatose stale "a. I:
Hospital yG yi t9 ga late hour last night her con-
hotel he minated that she was IN trouble and
wanted to remain In Jersey City for q few
days. Mrs. Irving dresses we'll and Is hand
s was ior%eag MIS- Hadson. The
think she Will recover.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1887-10-11
BROOKLYN.

The United States ship Nipsc, which is at the navy
yard, waa put In commission yesterday.
To-day will be the second day for the registration o.
voters The polls will be open from to 10 A. d. anu
from . 10 ioP NJ
new truck house for the OF the Fire psp1rmsnt
T. TO be built in Herkimer street. between Ralph Anu
Howard avenueA
Col Thomas MeGrath, Inspector General assisted py
Lieut. Cox hoLewee, Inspected the Twenty third *
mont In the Cermont avenue ATmory last night ~ ~
go members OF the regiment only nineteen were Aossn
Mayor whitney married Joseph stAren and hsi f AZ
ME PrysA each Of 23T Atlantic avenue. yesterday In
bride pretty JeMesf and year ago sne cane .ss
met young stAren. who Obliged 70 dee from hus''~
In consequence OF his sympathy with the Nihnhts =,
Piftyyear-od Edward Fulton street dry eood'
dealer has In personal advertisement warned ne psy
lie against trusting his wife Mary who Is only 70 years
old and 20 whom he was married nye years sEo ysnu.
with her three yeArod child says that al ihe resp"h
bility for the trouble rests with her husband
Mrs, Mary A; Hodgins tho wife ot Compostor Son r.
HodRns OF 80 nufied street. who disappeared on Ihu
day after she called her nine old dagn
Grace from her cAIs In Public School NO And ~
ing her told her 20 straight home has not been
and her dsappaAIahoe 10 gtill mystery Her hus ss
has made inquiry but trace OF her pa peSs
ant Il 4 feared that her mind NAY have hsesAs~
balanced =
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1887-10-11
rs SIZE LEGALLY DEAD.
The Curious Sequel OF m Eiopenent that
Occurred Thlrty-seven Years Ago.

The Curious Sequel OF nm Elepenent that
Occurred Thirty-soven Years Aro.
From the Pntlddelphia Press.
The elopement, from her parents house, Of
Elizabeth Polls. thrty-seven years ago, is
to hf u sSsee p 81
Isl North Fourth street. to DO appointed admin
istrator Of the estate OF his sister DECEASED"
That DR.. Polls sister is deceased" Is legal
fiction, as no evidence is at hand to prove the
death Of Miss Polls. but because she , has been
up all hopes Of hearing from her and wish to
divide among themselves the accumulation OF a
legacy left to her by an aunt. and her share In
the estate left by her parents. AS they can
the hs 81
low and the Orphans Court. to have her
Miss Polls lived from the time OF her birth.
1929. until 1850. with her parents. the late
his store and residence at that time at $40
South street. He and his wife were imbued
with the ideas of their Puritan forefathers. and
on the disappearance Of their daughter refused
Of the other children. at that time a half dozen
in number. OF those children there survive
only DR.. George Polls and Etella 8. Polls ofthis
city and Mrs Anna Truitt OF Milford. Delaware.
Their recollection Of the circumstances OF their
they believe that she had been Inverted In her
desire to marry when young, and had obeyed
her parents until she came OF age, when being
her own mattress she took French leave"
All the neighbors who might have knowledge
out OF reach OF the brother and sisters:
The Court received the petition and decided
to hear evidence concerning the alleged abb
sence. the circumstances and Its duration.