The Washington critic., 1887-08-11
AltaRinrh DANGkN.
Msnoce OGci,d by tho wheat Fici
Of tnuiu,

Msnoce CGtftd by the wheat Fields
of india,
The competition Of India with the United
States IN the mlrkets Of Europe has led
StalistiriGu Dodge uf the Agricultural De-
parlment 10 mako careful study OF the
distribution and coalition VI labor In that
country As compared with tho United
States, the result of which he sets forth In a
paper which is also to be appended to the
Departments August report. The popula-
ton Of India in 1881 was 2j3,0s2, ,50j, or
about five times that OF the United States,
In an area less than half that OF the United
States mot including the Indian Territory
or Alaska).
A COMPARISON or LABOR.
The proportion of workers to the whole
population of India is forty-hve per cent,
while In the United States 1t is only thirty
five per cent. This difference is mainly due
TO the pressure of poverty In India, which
forces Its dense population to begin labor
ing at an earlier age than children are re-
quircd to work In the United States. The
percentage OF the population OF each coun.
try engaged In various callings Is as fol.
lows: Agrieulturc-India, Gel; United
States, AL; Manufactures and mining
India, 1874; United States, go 4. Trade and
ansportation-India, 81; United States,
1914. Personal and professional service
India, 1914; United States, 22.l.
WOMEN VINO WORK.
In India the excessive devotion TO agri-
culture causes all other classes OF labor to
suffer. Another striking contrast with the
United States is the proportion OF females
reported in oil classes Of occupations, and
especially in the rough labor OF agriculture.
Not less than 30 per cent. of the agricultural
workers are females, while 10 this country
less than per cent. are designated In the
agricultural class.
INDIA's HOME CONSUMPTION.
The product OF the vast army OF labor 10
India is nearly all consumed at home. For
the past six years the exports Of all kinds
Of merchandise from that country have
averaged only Sl.2i for each lnhabitant
while the exports from the United States
have been Sl550 for each inhabitant. The
agricultural production OF India Is about
IS a year per capita, while that OF the
United States Is more than $40 yenr per
capita. The deposits In the savings banks
alone OF the single State OF New Hamp-
shire are three times as great as the de.
posits In all the banks Of India taken
together.
NOT "A DhNGENOCs RIVAL.
While India is the principal competitor OF
the United States In the worlds markets,
her importance as competitor is greatly
overrated. The occurrence OF "famine
year'i would reduce to zero her exports.
A ten per cent. surplus that cannot be de-
pended on in crop half as large as ours
cannot take the place Of our surplus, which
is more than half as large as the India crop.
South America has greater possibilities as q
competitor, though Its area in wheat is
small as yet.
A LARGE FOREIGN CRoP.
The present indications point to n more
than average European crop. The Russian
and Austrian crops especially are Of fine
promise. That OF Spain Is medium. In
Germany, France and England reports are
generally favorable. The Indian crop, har-
vested a few months ago, will be &c, ,OOO, 900
bushels less than the preceding, say 1885,.
| COO, GOO bushels. Australasia will produce
| probably 15,0Co,000 bushels more than In
| 1ss5.'s6, or $4,000, 900 bushels. The product
| Of the world promises to be quite as much
| as for each Of the two preceding harvests
| Present indications do not promise material
increase in prices; they certainly do not de
mand lower prices.