davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
AN ILLUSION.

away; but by looking little more closely
a slight effort Of the will causes this appear
ance to be reversed, and ABCD seems to
be the back face, while Y comes to the front,
the apparent position of the solid changing
at the same time. A little practice will en-
able one TO cause it to change sides at will
and peculiar sensation is experienced Us the
figure apparently changes its position, as if
endowed with life.
1t is rather difficult, says Science News, to
briefly explain this illusion, which depends
upon the laws of perspective. When the face
ABCD appears TO be- in front, the block
appears to be resting in n natural position,
and consequently the eye ut first sees it that
way; but when the sides are reversed the
block seems to be tipped backward against
the action of gravity, and an effort of the
will is needed to make it assume that posi-
ton, although the lines of perspective indi-
cate both positions equally well. In order to
prevent this confusion in drawings of crys-
tails, etc, the back lines are usually drawn
dotted or broken, to Indicate their position.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

This odoriferous fluid is secreted in a cavity
or poe ct. II is extracted from the animal
once week, while it is firmly attached to n
cage by means Of strong chains. A small
spoon is introduced into the pocket and the
precious perfume is withdrawn with care
Hundreds of these animals are kept in cap
tivlty on the outskirts of Abyssnia and sup
ply the world with civet
There are, says Science News, from which
the above was taken, two distinct varieties Of
the wonderful beasts. The Viverra civetta,
or true civct. is peculiar to Abyssina and the
southern division of Africa, where it is vul-
carly known by the name of musk cat. 1t
may he distinguished by its projecting teeth,
small and piercing eyes and short, rounded
ears. The hair is long and thin, the color
varying from grayish black to light gray
darker ON the back, where it forms an crectie
name Its flattened sides are brinded with
black, irregular stripes 1t is n bloolthirsty
animal, and is an object of fear and abhor-
renee i'll this region, although it rarely moves
abroad during the day, but passes the hours
of light and heat in slothful slumher, hidden
f ON prying eyes The Viverra zibetha of
India aud the Philippine islands differs in no
essential particulars save its short and thick
hair aud n much longer neck; the description
of one may serve for that, with this single
variation In many ways the Civet resem.
bleS both the jaguur and the cat, the latter
especially in disposition and size.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

t. 1861. He aftcrward saw much severe lighting
He Is now retired brigalier general living IN
New York city, and engaged in scientific and
literary pursuits He contributed the volume
charlottesville and Gettysburg to the Cam.
paigus Of the Civil War
In the battle of Groveton, Aug. 30, both
forces took up the fight which had been left
unfinished near Gainesville tho night before.
Groveton was village on the Warrenton
turnpike, which led to Alexandria. Grove
ton was near the center OF the three days
fighting. a little to the northeast Of Grove
ton was the historic stream of Bull Run,
whence the fighting grounds hereabouts
gained their name Bull Run flows south
east and empties into the Potomac.
At the battle of Groveton, the Goth, Jack
son frontcd nearly south, his left at Sudley
Ford on Bull Run, his right at Groveton.
Sigel's corps attacked his right at daylight,
and there was bloody fight there till lJ:3O,
with varied result Milroy and Carl Schurz
made fierce charges on the Confederate line.
Amid the conflicting accounts and recrimi
nations which grew out Of the battle Of
Groveton, Aug. 20, it is hard to get at the
truth about that fight. 1t seems clear, how
ever, that Thoroughfare Gap was the key to
victory for Pope II might be called a second
ThcrmOpylp Two brigades of Federal
troops could have held it against ten times
their number. 1t was the mountain pass to-
ward which Longstreet was marching with
his whole heavy division, and through which
he must pass TO join Jackson at Groveton
If the pass had been well guarded he could
not have gre through it, Then Pope's army
might have defeated jackson before he was
REINFORCED. 1t was what Pope planned to
10 He expected Longstreet's coming. In
IN order issued the morning OF the 20th lie
mentioned that by tomorrow night or next
lay" Longstreet would he upon them.
Gen John Bell Hood of the Confederate army,
WAS IA Ken'ucl;ian, born in 1881. He passed
through the course at West Point and served in
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

paiSn in virginia, In 1863 he resigned from the
army and re-cntcrcd politics, serving in congress
eight years, when he was appointed minister to
England. He held this place till 1875, and fodnd
relaxation from official duties in the writing Of a
book on the science and art OF the game OF
poker. 1t is much quoted. Gen Schenck still
survives, in an age which is
Like n lusty winter,
Frosty but kindly"
Pope was deceived rs to the whereabouts of
JackSons army He was besides almost in
despair because re-enforcements which had
been surely promised him did not arrive He
had depended for supplies on Washington,
and in any event on those at Manassas June
ton, which Jackson had destroyed Both
sources failed. IL, however, Gen Pope's
main army had reached Manassas Junction
one day earlier, on the eth, he might have
saved biz stores and destroyed jackson. As
he himself expressed ii, however, he had now
to fight or starvc.
The first of the series of fights which took
place near the old Bull Run battle field &C.
CURED Aug. 2S. Pope believing jackson at
Centrevile, being deceived by his rtise, or.
dered Mcdowell to 60 after him. Mcdowell
had been near Gainesville. The march to-
ward Centreville led him past Jackson's right,
and Jackson attacked him vigorously.
This fight o. the 2Sth is known us the battle
OF Gainesville. The village lies near Thor.
sughfarc Gap, southwest of Centrevlle.
There was severe and bloody contest, with.
on. decided advantage on either side Gen.
Jackson, in his report. calls 1t "a fierce and
ansunary conflict" Gems Ewell aud Tall
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

aferro, Confederate comman iers, were both
severely wounded. The troops engaged on
the Union sile were the brigades Of Gems,
Gibbon and Doubleday.
There were three days battles on nnd near
the old Bull Run battle-ground. They oc-
cured Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Aug.
~, 20, 80, The first is properly called the
battle Of Gainesville, the second that Of
Groveton, the third and last, Manassas, The
last one is usually termed the Second battle
Of Bull Run"
At the first OF the three fights, that OF
Gainesville, the brgades OF Gibbon and
Doubleday suffered severely. They might
have been REINFORCED, as other brigades were
near them, but this was not done. The fight
ing continued until into the night.
At Washington, meantime, all was panic
and ignorance. Halleck did not know where
Pope was, aud nobody knew where the next
Confederate blow would fall, whether on
Popcs army, Washington or the Shenandoah
Valley. jackson himself was puzzled to
know what the Federal troops were about.
When he fought the battle OF Gainesville, he
seems to have believed Pope's army was in
full retreat for Washington, and that he had
brush with the passing edge OF it. All
was "A middle on both sides.
Brrvet Maj Cen. Abner Doubleday, whose troops
fought 50 stoutly at the battle Of Gainesville and
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
marches. They had Travelled fifty miles In

marches. They had Travelled h1ty miles In
two days with only green corn and apples to
eat Many Of them lmped along barefoot
Yet there was not a s,ragger, and they were
ready for fight,
BY the evening OF Aug. 90 the advance Of
JackSon's men were at Manassas Junction on
the railroad which supplied Pope. A great
number OF supplies WIS there, which the Con-
federates destroyed after getting one square
meal" out them.
Hooker was at Bristoc Station, seven miles
from Manassas, and Fitz John Porter was ut
Warrenton Junction, nine miles away, with
1900 men. They were the advance Of Pope's
army. That general had become aware o!
Jackson's movement, and had decided to
march his whole army to Manassas and
Gainesville
By Aug % Gen. Pope had got reinforce
ments To the number Of not quite o, 900 men
from the Army of the Potomac. They were
Of the flower Of that army, including Fitz
john Porters corps, with his troops Of the
regular army, under the division command
ers More and Sykes. Gen. Reynolds was
also there with his division OF the Pennsyl-
wanna Reserves. Gen. Meade was one Of the
brigade commanders
ing to flank Pope on the right while Jackson
attacked tho rear. He was marching rap
idly, pressing toward Thoroughfaro Gap
His position rs well as that Of jackson was
extremely tirklish. II Pope could fall on
them separately, before Lees whole army
could come up, then each would be cut to
pieces. The greatest watchfuness night and
day was observed, On the morning of the
29th Longstreet observed that his brigades
were being suddenly halted on different
roads. With no apparent reason they
stopped aud remained stock still, although
he was hurryng them forward at the top OF
their speed. In "A towering rage he rode for
ward to find out the reason. He was told
courier had brought orders from Gen. Lee.
directing the army to halt,
"Whcre is that courier" demanded Long
street.
".hcre, galoping down the road, said a
brigaGier
"Overtake him; bring him to me" cried
Longstrcet.
lie was halted and brought back.
81 must be or to the rear, said the courier,
endeayorins to 90 free; Il have orders for
LongStrcct"
lam Cen LOngStreet," said that individ-
ual. "Whorc are your ordersP
Tho man turned deathly white and did not
answer. He was n Union spy.
GIVE this man ten minutes and hang him"
thundcrcd Lousstreet LET the columns
push forward Immediately"
The columns moved ON. But when they
did 50 they left behind them n man in Con-
federate gray hanging to "A roadside tree,
dead.
Don Gcorce Sykes, brgadcr general Of yomn. !
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
SCIENCE AND PROGRESS.
A REMARKABLE ILLUSION ILLUS
TRATED AND EXPLAINED.

Something About the Time and Manner
of the Wearing Out of Iron Rails--How
One of the Most Peculiar and Expen-
sive Perfumes Is Obtained.
The personal appearance OF the civet is not
preposseSSlng. as will be seen from the illus
tratlon, hut this animal yields a precious sub
stance, one of the most peculiar and eXpen-
sive perfumes in existence. This perfume is
not only in great favor with Oriental women,
but about 700 pounds of ciyet is used annu-
ally in the United States in the manufacture
OF perfumes Like musk, it possesses lasting
qualities, and when added in a minute guam
tty will augment the odor Of other perfumes
Civet is concrete mass, semi fluid, with the
consistency of honey. When taken from the
animal it is of yellow brown color, but by
exposure turns to q dark brown.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
CHANTlLlY, OR OK HILL

The batUl' Of Chantilly was fought on Mon
day, Sept l. on ridge called Ok Hill. near
the village of Chantily. The Confederates,
therefore, call this fight the battle of Ok Hill,
or Germantown. The ridge lies little north.
east of Ceutreville, whittier the Federal troops
had fed after the defeat at Manassas. Aug. 50.
Jackson pursued the retreating army toward
CentreviIle. He crossed Bull Run at Sulley's
ford the morning Of the 3lst. Pope had been
re enforced 10y Summers and FrankIin's ex.
cellent corps of McClellan's army. They had
come up from Alexandria. Pope had now
$1,000 men.
The afternoon Of Sept. l the two armies
fought at OK Hill, in the midst of a storm
which out Numbered even the roar Of cannon.
Jackson had hoped to reach Fairfax Court
HOUSE, in the rear of the Federal army, and
cut off its communication with Washington.
The battle was opened with an attack by
Stuart'S Confederate cavalry First the Con.
federates were driven back Then they. re.
enforced repulsed the Union troops belong,
ing to Gen. Isaac |. Stevens division of Reno's
corps In this action Gen Stevens, gallant
officer, was killed Gen. Phil Kparney dashed
in to the aid of Stevens. He was riding in
front of his soldiers so far that he had got
outside of his own lines 1t was growing
dusk Kearney asked of soldier where q
certain regiment was. The instant he did 50
he perceived it was n Confederate soldier.
He galloped away. But the soldier fired a
bullet after him and he fell. He died in q
few minutes The Confederates sent his body
under a flag of truce to his own men next day.
Thick darkness closed the combat on the
field of ChantilIy, where there was bloody
fighting. but 10 victory for either side.
The Union forces engaged in the battle of
OK Hill or Chantlly were of the corps OF
Reno and Heintzelman. The Confederate
troops were chiefly those Of Stonewal Jack
son, among them the veteran troops of Ewell,
Early and A. Y. Hill. Longstreet's advance
came up about the time the battle was ended
Pope's army suffered greatly for want of
supplies during the three days fighting and
Immediately subsequent, His cavalry horses
were especially us.d Up. On the first day of
September be wrote to Gen. llaleck: There
are not five horses to company that cun
raise a trot" in bis official report, made
afterward, he says that on the morning of
Aug. 30, when the battle of Manassas was
fought, his troops had had little to eat for
two days, his cavalry horses nothing at ALL
and had not been unsaddled for ten days. He
also complains bitterly of the want of loyalty
to himself among the soldiers and officers Of
the Army of the Potomac, occasiOucd 10y their
partisan feeling for Mcclellan, whom Pope
ha! part ialN superseded
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

col. FLETCHER WEBSTER. he was killed
BY the morning of Aug 80 the last Of Lees
forces had come up. He now had $1,000 men
ready for action. Pope had 10000 At $50
on the night Of the Goth Pope sent another
order to Fitz John Porter to be present at
daybroak with his corps He obcycd this
time, except two Of his brigadcs, that miSCon-
strued orders and marched 10 Centreville and
remained there all day. The rest took brave
part III the fighting. 1t was "A terrible battle
There were n roar Of artillery, n crash Of
muSketry and exploding shc'S, the neighing
of horses, the shouts of soldiers. and then the
gr0anS Of wounded and dying, TIL the waters
Of Bull Run ran with blood.
Pope believed the COniederatcs were re-
treating and at noon ordered pursuit a
sudden discharge of artillery that shook the
ground told Lee that the battle had begun.
As TO lighting, it was a repetition of the day
before. AS 10 the end, il resulted in the de-
feat Of Pope His soldiers We're driven back
aCrO,s tine east side of Bull Run and II treated
TO Centreville. There were, however, in
stances of hcroiSm that day which have
never been cXceled.
Hrint2elman'S corps was on the extreme
Federal right IN this battle Next to him
came Reno with two divisions of BurnsiCe's
corps aud next Sigcl's corps. The left wing
was almost at right angles to the right and III
the rear II consisted of McDowclIs and
Porters corps and Reynolds Pennsylvania re-
serves
This was the order Of fight on that diSas-
trouS day for the Union troops: Buttcriirld's
brigade made n gallant advance, supported
by Sykes REGULARS. At the same time Reno
and Ilcnizclman attacked on the right.
They were joined afterward by Reynolds.
Here the Confederate left held by Jackson
was LonGstrcct, who went to lis aid. drove
back the FcdcralS with n fierce fire from two
batteries, and then charged upon them.
A. Eutterlield advanced on the Union left
the woods suddenly seemed alive with men in
gray. Col Warren, with two regiments,
tried to hold the place Reynolds vacated
when he went to the right. He was over
whcimed by Confedcrates The Federal
troops fought CALAMITY, but, ou;numbercd
two to one, what could they do. Porter's
corps went into that bloody fight with not
quite 1000 men. When it came out and drew
back arroS, Bull RIM there were not 5000
lett The center of both armies suffered most
In the fighting of Aug. -, % and 80 the
Union troops lost 1000 lnen the Confeder-
ates about :, 100
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
A Child's Threnody.

Now the brook my only love, and Grooming
DER the wave,
Bends kissing willow that shades my dari
ings grave. ill.,.
Tho brook leaves and sea.maid trio sing
Could they backward turn my love Win
angels wing. ,,
Altered would my sorrow be, aud changed
love.lorn tbrenody.
Purple vine clad hills, and brook kissed
amber caves,
With sun.lit strands that Ger the brooKie'
layes,
Gene clinging TO my feet.
With legends sweet,
or sbsen, lover whom I'll never meet
All through the seasons this trio sing Their
song, .,,;.,
And does each song bird take the strain
along
OF loved one buried here,
Grave vet with maiden tear.
Would that my love had oeen less strong:
CimeHce i.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
THE RAPPAHANNOCK.

M, La., ~ $50, i,,ns.,r,Io Union arm,
no o''so VI '",'''I - .'y ,';,''.
ar. CeI.p.'', d., ,,.lI,,,Ir,, ,,ith,lro,,
~ .u,t. i,,,l
US - '' w. Wy ,iiS ~, ,I
nna,a" u"n,;'ao I"n ,nos'"J his ,yhol,
800 '''I ~. -, ,i', p
a,i. a.,', 49, pn,iIa, - noo s,rrn,,
r va "',' 'ne '"p''""' 49, 80 i,oiI,''',
,l,'io% - va, ,,aou ,I,ion. ,'roo,
49, m nv. - UP Nj
80 1,I WI H. "o L',, bal h,a,,
A'.'' - ''o'''' VI 90 ~. 49,. :,
b''i'o ~ ~ IL. - ". IL
80 p l' -, ,,.tIa,,.inr, Coz
D', -, 10. -,
',lps ,''a -,
~ IN, ,,',,,, ,, S,,,t -, ,,'o s,,,ra
-. r,.',1.', ~ -, -, r., Ia,a,,I
- - -.
D'a ,., ia'.,7'.o,, w., ,l,
a.,
c,..,
~ |'' vas ~" '''
n", ',,''e Io'p na'' '. n ,, ,,I1,r
so' VI W. '''"'' W o"o" '"o go I"i.,,,,, -,
en'n' a''u 40. " ie'e'',ol'o '',''''
tne '"'icS h' ',e S"','o 70 '''',
ing we lv''i,'Su''
~, OI'''''' =, my '''' ,'o' =, ,.I,'.
,.noou n y" 'no way " Jo'n olu' "n,,'
.Aue "'o l|e ,''ooV i,,''', ''''''ae,, 'o',' .
,H ~ pe'S y" no .aoea i1teS Amy %, pa"o
.n''e W. 100 VI. Wv i''il''"i'' w
"'' va '''e 'O' vi ''",' h,o vi I'io 'o','' "
oonnp',"S " VioSS' ,PoS ""'1 III u'''e"' p'e
.u"'.u, "o%o,''' ,"p,' ""h IL,
So. - ,ou'' NV Wv, A
,o"'to W. '.'o'''oi ,e''',"''' WV '''
.'''i w ''''y y! cue go .,,,,,.
i,'i - - a,n wv ".'o ''',.'''s', - 40
o,e,i'",o "a1"' va Wv ", ~ I",, '' =
''y'',''Ouo '''.''o'o;i ~ o,''', VIM"
I,,oi 70 w ,.o'o ."o '' - '',uI' , nu'
J ,n''' ~ ,.aoi't' VI .,o Una, 'i'"'" ~"
,"' u,'s
IT ''a''i"," ''' ".'e"' ."t''' H''''' ~,
sen ''''''N o'n,''' VI. 'e''''' " n'' '''', Nv
"ai "'s Ionieue' "eo '"'o' mum '''"' ,
.'''i' '"o W ~, '''"' Nv .'''u .'''II "
''o i''Ppni'n'i''och oei"'o 'ne sIo,'n' iic
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
a grandson Of the Rufus

erieksburg, GFoveton, Manassas, yorktown and
Fairfax. After the war he was again minister to
Rome. He died in 1876.
At midnight, after march OF twenty
miles, jackson and his men bivouacked Mt
Salem, near Thoroughfare Gap, on the rail.
road. jackson had forbidden his soldiers To
shout, but whenever they caught sight of him
in his faded uniform and Old yellow cap they
sent up roaring cheers, and be could not s,or
them.
At daylight they were on the march again
TEoroughfare Gap was undefended by Union
troop, as they had hoped, and now they were
ready for Pope on the right or Washington
formed another one Of their extraordinary
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20


In the civil war, he
was not educated at
West Point. lie be-.
came n lawyer, en-
tered politics, served
four terms in con
grcss, was minister
to Brazil, entered the
army at the outbreak
of the war and be-
came Il hrigadirr gen.
cral OF volunteers.
He was Mt the Il ST
battle Of Bun Run,
passed through the
campaign of the She
nandoah ana took
part IN pOpc'S cam
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

German photographers have succeeded in
photoglaphing a projoctile in the course Of
Its flight, and some of the photographs show
the head of condensed air which precedes
every shot. 1t is this head, explains Popular
Science News, which prevents even skillful
rilemen from hitting an empty egg shell
when hung on long thread The air blows
the shell out of the way of the bullet.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
To IIarIen Tools

A, E. Tucker claims, in a trade journal,
that he has successfully edged growing tools
for chilled rolls by dipping the actual cutting
portion in mercury. No more of the steel
than Is actually necessary should be dipped.
ms, while imparting extreme hardness, it
naturally makes the body of the tool ex-
tremcly brittle
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
Popular Summer Dresses.

Toular,ls aud Irdis silks are among the
most popular aud ut the same time comfort
able dresses for sumr'er wear. The red
fcuI,rls and China SILKS, so popular with
French women, are also worn here. Velvet
l. much used as trimming for these soft
silk dresses, the velvet being employed fos
collar, cuffs, vest and piastron.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20
The Land Never Rests,

Recent scientific experiments make it APP
pear, says writer on earthquakes, that the
surface of the land is never absolutely at rest
for more than thirty hours at a time Thus
those great earthquakes which make epochs
in history are merely extreme manifestations
of forces that rarely sleep.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

Quicksilver is the metal mercury in a melted
state. 1t thaws at 5SS dogs below zero, or,
below that point, hardens. Underand above
n temperature of 80 dogs below zero there is
the same relation between hard and melted
mercury as there is between ice and water
under and above a temperature of 80 dogs.
above, or potassium at 81 dogs, or tin at 222S
lnrS
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

the United States
army on the frontier
untilthc beginning Of
the civil war, Then
he took sides with
the Coufedcracy and
became one of the
leading southern
generals. He fought
prominently in the
battle Of Second Bull
Run, and aft.rward
at Autictam. After
that he was sent
west, and rose to the
sank OF lieutenant
general He lost n
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

those Of the next two
days, was q brave
and accomplished
officer. lie was born
in New York 1919,
and was graduated
at West Point. He
served in the Mexi-
can war as O captain
Of artillery. He was
in Fort Sumter with
Gen. Robert Andcr.
son when the war
broke out, and fired
the first gun for the
Union against the
seeded state OF
South Carolina, April
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

teers, was a colonel
ia the regular army.
He was a West Point
graduate, born in
De lawarc in ISL. He
was n gallant Mcxi.
can war officer, Ills
tinguishing himself
at Cerro Gordo. He
served with di>tinc-
ton in the Army Of
the Potomac during
the war, taking ac-
tive part in the bat
ties of Popc's cam
paign. Gen Sykes
died in 1852
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1887-08-20

II is a well known fact among railroad men
that on railroads running north and south
the west rails wear out the faster; that five
rails will wear out on the west side of the
track while three are doing service on the
east side.