davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

This exploring party was surrounded by hos
tile Indians and cut to pieces only Gen. Ian
der himself escaping. He made five expedi-
tiOnS altogether across the continent, all of
them attended with danger and full of the
element of the romantic. He was perhaps
the only American who ever brought back an
unexpended fund from congressional APP
preparation. Wherever dash and bra
very, as we'll as correct Judgment, were
required, Lander was to be de-
pended on. In 1850 he married
the gifted actress, Jean Davenport In 1861
he offered his services to Gen. Scott, for the
war, I'm any capacity, at any time and for
Gny duty His offer was accepted, and from
that time OH TIL his career closed, all too
early, he was to be found where fighting was.
He was wounded in the leg at Edwards
Ferry, but before the wound healed he was
Off at Romney, Va, commanding the forces
there Once he marched 1000 men forty
three miles through deep snow, and without
rest and with almost no food, charged them
upon q Confederate camp at BlComery Gap,
routing it completely. SO impetuous was be
that with single aid ne galloped ahead Of
/ his men and demanded aud received the Con-
federate commanders sword.
30 little Is KNOWN, however, OF tllS DTllllunU
and romantic figure that his name is seldom
mentioned in the war "reminiscences which are
now at food tide in the country. 1t is because
Gen. Lander died so early in the war Soon
after the beginning Of 1862 his health
failed and he was at length stricken with
a typhoid fever. He applied for leave of Gb-
serce from military duty, but before the per
nit came, while he was yet waiting, word
came that JackSon's men were in the neigh
borhooL He rose from his bed, called his
aids about him and, with the old time iirein
lis eye, puiposed to make midnight attack.
vt that moment his hour struck. He was
seized with sudden congestion of the brain
and died in q few minutes.
He was man Of fine physique and extra
ordinary personal magnetism. If he had
lived he would have been among the larger
/ figures of the war.
Lander dying, Gen. James B. Shields was
placed in command of his division.
Gen. James B. Shields was one of the old
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06
CROSS KEYS AND PORT REPUBLIC.

June s, Jackson's rear, commanded by
Ewcl, was at Gross Keys, written also y
Keys.
I'm this famous race the Confederate army
had now nearly reached the upper end OF the
Shenandoah, and had not yet been captured
Either side OF them was an army quite equal
in size to them ready to pounce upon thei
About six miles southeast of Gross Keys was
Port Republic, on the south fosk. Here there
vet remained a bridge All depended on
whether Shields on the east side or jackson on
the west side of the south fork reached Port
Republic and that bridge first. On the sth
jackson himself, with his advance. was four
miles south Of Ewell and nearer Port Re-
public
June 8 Fremont attacked Ewe!l, and tho
battle Of Gross Keys took place. 1t vac
fought by Jackson's rear and Fremonts nd
vance. Ewell had 6,000 men in action, Fro
mont about 5000. This was the sixth battle
in the campaign of tho Shenandoah valley.
The battle began ut II in the forenoon AMI
lasted till dark.
The battle Of Cross Keys itself was not a
decisive one, but it resulted in decided att
vantage to the Confederates. It kept Frc-
mont back, and thus prevented him from
attacking Jackson's whole force in the rear
while Shields fell upon him on the left nnd
east
Already had Shields advance reached Port
Republic when the battle OF Gross Keys was
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

tho close of the campaign even, when he
wrote asking to join the Richmond army, Lee
wrote back word for him to come in a con-
idential letter directed: Gen. I. j. Jack
son, Somewhere" :.
In November, 1861, Stonewall Jackson had
occupied Winchester. 1t was point danger.
ously near the Potomac, and jackson sought
to get yet nearer. He made an attack on the
little town of Bath, very near the Potomac
His intention was to cross the river. But he
was prevented from doing this by Gen. +. w.
Lander, who commanded tie Federal forces
in northern Virginia. But he took possession
Of Romney and divided the Federal forces in
northern Virginia. Then he made Winches-
ter his headquarters during the winter, re-
cruiting large numbers of men. In March,
1852, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston evacuated Cen
treville and went nearer Richmond. AT the
same time the Federal Gen. Banks advanced
toward Winchester. These two circumstances
induced Jackson to retreat to woodstock.
forty miles south of Winchester.
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06
MARCH AND coUNTERMARcH.

The sudden attack of Jackson at ksihs-
town caused q change i'll the plans at Wash
ington. Banks and his CORPS were halted OH
the way to Manassas, and sent III pursuit of
the flying Confederates At the same time
Shields division of Banks corps, which had
routed Jackson at Winchester, was detached
from Banks and sent to Mcdowell. Nc
Dowel was to halfway cooperate with Nc
Clellan at Richmond, and wholly keep an
aye on Washington. Just what he was to do
seems never to have been fully decided on
between Gen. Mcclellan OH one hand and the
president and Secretary Stanton on the
ether
To get the movements that followed the
battle of Winchester clearly in mind it viii
he necessary to note upon the map the posi-
ton of both the Confederate and Union
troops in northern Virginia at the beginning
of May. Gen. Richard S. Ewelrs corps OF
10000 Confederate troops had been sent to
jackson from Richmond. That general,
after crossing the south fork of the Shenan-
doah, continued his retreat and encamped
at length near Swift Run gap. 1t had
been an exciting, romantic retreat. Col.
Turner Ashby, the cavalryman, was Jack
sons rear guard He hovered about the
Federal advance, row making n dash at
them and engaging in a hot skirmish, now
galloping away with a ringing of SaberS when
they came too near Ii was work he delighted
in. He rode at this time a magnificent white
horse, as famous in Confederate annals as the
Union Sheridan's black horse became in this
very region two years later. Ashby, left
alone, was the last man to cross the
Shenandoah bridge. Eight Federal cav
alrymen were almost upon him as he
rode for life over the bridge. Two galloped
on in advance Ashby turned suddenly on
them. A bullet from his party already across
the bridge struck one of the Union troopers
down. Ashby cleft the other with his saber,
and be- too, fell. Then Ashby galloped in
hot haste over the bridge.
Meantime balls rained like hail around the
bold rider. One of them pierced his milk
white horse and gave the beautiful animal q
mortal wound. lie carried his rider safe
across the bridge, however, torrent of
blood flowing from his side as he ran. Ash
by's famous ride on the white horse was
continued two miles.
jackson, with Eweli's corps, was at Swift
Run gap. On the Federal side plans were
made to hem him in on three sides and crush
him
Banks had pursued Jackson rs far south as
Harrisonburg He had about 900 men after
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

GEN. EwELL, C. $. A. to the end. After
the death OF Jackson at Charlottesville Ewell
took command of his division. Ewell passed
through four years of hard fighting un-
scathed, up to the very last week of the war,
April 6, 1866, when be was taken prisoner be-
fore Richmond. He died in 1872.
To get the next movements OF the valley
campaign clearly, observe ON the map the Pc
cul,ar- -dii action II the tHo brauchcs NJ the
Shenandoah. When Jackson reached Strns-
burg Shields had already been ut Front
Royal, q few miles southeast, for two days.
Why he did not push on and intercept Jack
son is not clear Shields moved slowly up
the east side Of the south fork. Jackson sent
hurriedly ahead of him and destroyed the
bridges over the south fork at Luray and
elsewhere He himself hotly pursued by
Fremont, hastened up the west side OF the
north fork. He crossed it at Mount Jackson,
little to the north Of Newmarket, and cut
away the bridge behind him. He was thus
between the two forks of the Shenandoah,
with an enemy OH each side of him, but with
the bridges of both streams burned, SD neither
could get at him Immediately.
Still he raced on and on, without sleep or
rest. June he reached Harrisonburg. Ere
mont marched rs ceaselessly as himself, and
was hot after him. He dared not wait. Al
most at bay he turned now to the south and
eastward, toward Richmond and the Con-
federate army He aimed 70 reach Port Re
public. a village on the east side of the south
fork. Destroying the bridge at Mount Jack
son had given the bold racer good days
start of Fremont, who had TO wait to rebuild
the bridge.
When Jackson marched out OF Harrison
burg he left behind the indefatigable Col.
Turner Ashby to barass the Federal adj
vance and hold il back till the Confederate
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

was cn:. to swarthiness, and he wore his
black bcarl long.
He was no disciplnarian, and could
scarcely drill regiment But there was a
feeling OF good comradeship between him and
his men which held them to him to the DEATH
Wherever wild riding and hot fighting Were
needed there was Turner Ashby and his
men.
Fremont had rebuilt the bridge across the
north fork of the Shenandoah at Mount Jack
son, crossed the stream and was following ON
as closely as might be after Jackson Shiehis
was on the east side of the Shenandoah south
fork, and Shields and Fremont were about
fifteen miles apart, or opposite sides OF tho
south fork, with 10 bridges between them.
Jackson had shrewdly destroyed these.
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

chester in pursuit of Shields. They drove
back his piclSets. Apparently there was only
a small rear guard OF Union troops at VIM
chester There was a sharp attack, when
was repelled by the Federals, but the much
Scared veteran Shields was wounded again;
a fragment of shell broke his arm.
Gen. Banks lad remained with Shields
division up to this time. But the morning OF
March %, feeling certain that Stonewaii
Jackson would not attack, he started to
Washington. Shields thought differently,
however and with his broken arm in sling
made ready for tho battle of Winchester.
At Q o'clock Jackson came up with his
whole force, colors flying. He stopped at
Kernstown, three miles south of Winchester.
Ashby had encamped there with his cavairy
after the skirmish of the day before Shields
force was upon ridge not far from Kerns-
town, though Jackson did not know now
large it was. His men were wearled out with
marching. but he ordered an immediate and
hot attack on Shields right upon the ridge
near Kernstown. He hoped to sever Shields
line and cut him OFF from Winchester.
Jackson's men charged up the ridge with
great spirit, and were met with vigorous
artillery fire. Shields managed t hold the
Confederates off till he had brought bis re-
serves into line; then he attacked with his
whole force.
There was fierce fight of three hours. and
then the battle of Winchester or Kernstown
was over. Stonewall Jackson was defeated.
He lost two guns and 700 men in killed,
wounded and prisoners. Shields lost Oh ac-
cording to the record.
Next day the citizens of Winchester, headed
by the mayor, came out to bury the Con-
federate dead who had been lying where they
fell upon the bloody field. A deep, wide pit
was dug, and there in one common grave.
several hundred dead lfen in gray were
buried. The southern writer, Pollard, says:
Scarcely family in the country but had
relative there"
Banks returned at once from Washington
and set off in pursuit of Jackson, who had re-
treated rapidly, leaving dead and wounded
behind Banks pursued thirty miles, till his
men were too exhausted to go farther. de
stopped at Woodstock to rest. Jackson con-
tinued retreating till he came TO Harrison
burg, where he remained till April 10, en-
deavoring to recover himself after the battle
of KernStown.
1t was severe Confederate defeat at
Kernstown. But there was no lossof enthu-
siasm for Jackson among his wearied and
fleeing men.
"Why is 'Old jack better general than
MoSnsy ~ asked one of his soldiers cOnundrum
fashion. Answer: Because it took Moses
forty years to lead the Israelites through the
wilderness, and Old Jack would have double
quicked them through III three days.
April 10 Jackson crossed the south fork o.
the Shenandoah. He was thus wkhin cas-
reach of Johnston at Gordonsvilla
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

STONEWALL JACKSON. cavalry eSpeciaLy
In criticisms OF the campaign OF the Shenall-
doah valley it has been said that II the Fed
erul general sent against him had been only
half n; swift Jackson never would have got
out Of that valley alive to join Lee and aid in
driving Mcclellan from the Chickahominy to
the James.
His strength consisted in the swiftnesS OF
his movements and in that firmneSS of both
purpose and action which gave him the name
OF ''Stonewau" IL was a very unusual MKT
ure of qualities
jackson got the name of Stoncwau at the
first battle Of Bull Run, called by the Con-
fedelates the battleof Manassas. The general
commanded brigade there The Confeder-
ate general Bee had Just been repulsed with
his men. and was falling back. He met I.
J. jackson coming 90 his rescue with the first
Confederate brigade.
General said Bee, ~chey are beating Us
back"
SIR" said Jackson, ''we viii give them the
bayonet"
He had his @war loOkn on at that moment.
This advance of Jackson and a similar move
ment on the part of Wate Hampton else
where turned the Confederate defeat into vic
tory at Bull Run. Bee gallOped back to his
men. He pointed with his sword to the gen
eral standing in the midst Of 1900 fixed bay
onets and said in voice full Of excitement:
Look! there Is Jackson standing like a
stone wall Let us determine to die here and
we will conquer
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

the Potomac south and up the Snenandoon
valley. 1t was necessary to use all possible
haste, in order to slip through between Ere
mont on the west and Shields division OF Nc
Dowell's CORPS on the east Once past them
he could 60 to Johnston's army and to Rich
mond.
May %, before leaving the Potomac, his
rear guard made pretended attack on Har
per's Ferry and Charlestown, while ms sup
ply and ammunition trains were being sent
south in the advance. Jackson's favorite sol
diers were those Of his old command, called
the Stonewall brigade. They led the attack
ON Charlestown.
Many Of Jackson's soldiers were from the
vicinity Of Charlestown and had not seen
their families for year. But not moment
were they allowed to delay. After making
the show of battle at Harper's Ferry and
Charlestown they were hurried southwark.
MAY 30 Jackson's whole army was at Win
chester. heading southwark for Strasburg
with might and main.
Both Fremont and Shields-one on one side,
the other OH the other-were trying TO get
there too, and to get there before jackson
did. Their forces united, Jackson was crushed.
The daring Confederate was thus "between
the devil and the deep sea- 1t was one of
the most exciting races Of the civil war;
Strasburg was the key to the situation. For
jackson it was Strasburg and liberty; or,
losing it, humiliation. Both Shields and
Fremont had expressed their determination
to "bag jackson"
May 81, after q forced march across tne
mountains, Fremont had gained the road be-
tween Winchester and Strasburg Jackson
had passed that point only few hours be
fore. Fast followed Fremont. He caught
Jackson's rear. There was a sharp skirmish,
June /. Fremont's advance was beaten back
Victory! jackson was at Strasburg Be
tween afternoon May 30 and daylight June
1 his men had marched from Harper's Ferry
to Strasburg, fifty miles. :,
It was Gen. Ewell-RichardS Stoddard Ewell
who drove back Fremont's advance ut
Strasburg and enabled Jackson to reach that
citv in safety. Ewell was born in the Dis
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06
No One Need
Remain
A Dyspeptic.

Il have heca suffering Tor over
two wears with Dyspepsia. For
the last year | could not take
drink of cold water nor eat any
meat withous vomiting It up,
NV life was n misery. l had
had recommended Simmons
Liver Regulator of which J am
now taking the second bottle,
and the fact is that woris can
rot express the relief I feel Ny
appetite is very good, q. Il ] di-
gest everything thoroughly. |
sleep we'll now, and l uSrt To be
very restless. / am ileshnS zap
fast; good. strong lood and
simmons Liver Regulate: have
done it all. write this in
hopes Of benefJing some one
who has suffered as | did, and
would take oath to these state
ments, if desired.
f. :. BAILoU, Syroc"Se. Neb.
Genuine has 4 in red on front o
wrappcr. Best guarantee inf th
buyer.
~ ONLY GENUINE
Has cur 4 Stamp in rej ou front "
Wrapper.
J. Ii. ZEILIN Il CO., PhiIadclphiH. IN
SOLE PRoPR1EroRs. PE,C@ SlJt
aDr.Sl, ,eOW-2ln.
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06


jackson on the westward. Fremont, with
10000 men, was following Schenck and Mil
roy. Farther away from Stonewall Jackson,
but still within fighting reach OF him, ana TO
the east, was Mcdowell at Fredericksburg
with 10000 men.
Stonewall Jackson had, with Ewelis diyis-
ion, nearly %, 900 men, HereSolved 10 fll upon
the Union generals one at o time, AMI cripple
or conquerthem. His plan was mastery
one Banks at this time had not Yet fallen
bacl; to Strasburg, but was still ut Harrison
burg. Jackson left Ewell to confront lin.
Then, himself taking the tried troops that
had been with him in the valley 50 long, he
made wide sweep around by the south and
west, past Staunton, then - the west and
northward to attack Schenck and Milruy.
Milro7 was at Mcdowell. a village fo.1y
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06
mnes southwest or 11ar1sonpurg, where

rdnes southwest OK ffafr1sonburg, where
Banks was
The swiftness of Jackson's movement was
something marvellous 1t was important Tor
him to attack Mlroy and defeat him before
be could join Banks at Harrisonburg. He ac-
complished it.
He made forced marches and fell upon Mil
roy at Bull Pasture, near the village OF NC
Dowell. He had meantime been joined by
six regiments under command OF the Con-
federate general Edward johnson. The fight
at Bull Pasture occurred on warm, bright
morning Mays. 1t may be considered the
second battle of the Shenandoah campaign.
Gen. Edward johnson knew the mountain
country well, and he and his regiments took
the lead. with Ashbys scouts in advance.
Nav the Federal pickets were driven In.
At sunrise May s the Confederate troops
marched toward the village of Mcdowell.
They took position on Sutlington's hill NIL
row sent out force to dislodge them, and the
battle Of Bull Pasture, Mcdowell or Sutiing-
toms hill began.
There was sharp engagement. Milroy
was defeated and fell back just as SchencK
came up with re-enforcements. But 1t was
too late to save the day, and the Federal
forces retreated toward Franklin TO walt Ior
Fremont. They left behind them supply OF
military stores, which Jackson captured.
Immediately after this fight Banks re-
treated to Strasburg, fifty miles north There
he fortified himself, so as to protect the
Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Hating
not to rest, Jackson pushed on after the
Federal troops Having driven back Milroy
and Schenck, the next move on the chess.
board was for him to crush Banks, weakened
as he was by the withdrawal of Shields
division. Jackson therefore turned his at
tention to Banks
The three Federal armies in northern Vir'-
ginia that had been sent against Jackson
were seventy miles apart, east, west and
north, in a sort of triangle When, there
fore, Stonewall Jackson marched against
Banks neither Fremont nor Mcdowell was
near enough to aid him.
Gen. Robert II. Milroy was born in Indiana
in 1914. He was educated as lawyer, but
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

tho Shenandoah
valley. This was
Brig. Gen. Freder-
ick West Lander.
He was born in
Salem, Mass, in
1S22. He was edu-
Gated ut a military
academy in Yer
mont. He was one
of the surveyors of
the Pacific rail
road. One expedi-
ton for this pur-
pose he organized
ot his OWL cXDanse
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06
KERNsTowN OR WINCHESTER.

As frequently happened in the fights of the
civil war, the Confederates designated the lat
tie of March 25 by one name, the Federals by
another In the north it is known as the bat
tie of Winchester, in the south as the battle
of Kernstown.
Shields, to deceive Jackson, concealed
most of his division in an out of the way spot
two miles from Winchester. A small guard
was left in that village. March p Turner
Ash5y's cavalry came galloping into VIM
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06
SHENANDOAH VALLEY CAMPAIGN.

He was Immediately pursued by Gen. James
Shields with division from Banks corps
1t was evidently Jackson's intention to keep
within communicating distance of Johnston,
and to join him if advisable.
Shields pursued Jackson as far as New
market. This was q point within fifty miles
Of Johnston. Shields seemed to be driving
the one Confederate army to the other lie
suddenly changed his tactics and began
feigned retreat back to Winchester. He
hoped thus to draw Jackson away from Johr-
ston. The trick was successful. Jackson
turned his face Winchesterward again, fol-
lowing Shields.
Gen. Banks meantime, who was in the CHIEF
command in this part of Virginia, had beea
ordered by Gen. Mcclellan Oh the 10th OF
March to take a position near Manassas and
Centreville, points recently evacuated by the
ConfederateS. Banks was to rebuild the rail-
way passing through Manassas to Washing
ton and keep the country south of the Balti-
moro and Ohio railroad free from Confeder-
ates. This included the Shenar ioah valley.
Banks prepared to obey the order, march
ing his corps TO Centreville, having Shields
division of lS,0GO men behind to take care of
Jackson. He did not believe Jackson would
attack force so much superior to his own.
Shields had hoped that Jackson would at
tack him, however. With Jackson was Col.
Ashby's cavalry, 1900 strong. Jackson's
force, exclusive of Ashby's, is said to have
numbered 5000. Near Winchester Shields
halted and prepared for the attack which he
hoped would be made
1t was March -. 1862, that Gen. Shields
prepared for battle at Winchester. On the
2d of that month there died at Paw Paw,
Va, man who, if he had lived, would have
taken very lively part in the operations of
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

time soldiers. He
was born in Ireland
in 1910; came 60
this country and
served both in the
Florida aud Mexi-
can wars. He was
a gallant fighter,
and was severely
wounded at Cerro
Gordo and also at
Chapultepec, in
Mexico. He had a
varied experience,
having been gov
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

force should get
safely off. 1t was
W ork W h ! C h
pleased the bold
cav r m an.
There were oppor-
tunities for dash
and daring, for
wild rides and hair
breadth escapes,
which appealed to
all the love Of ex-
citement in him.
And so it was he
met his death nt
the .sattle of Har-
riscnburg, June :.
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

served as n yolilh-
teer in the Mexican
war. When th e
civil war began he
offered his services
as a volunteer. He
commanded a brig
ade of Indiana
troops in West Vir-
ginia and in the
Shenandoah valley.
Flying around to
the eastward again,
after the battle of
West Virginia Democrat. [volume] (Charles Town, W. Va.) 1885-1890, 1887-05-06

Shields division
was taken away.
Thus Banks was in
the rear of Jack
son. Fremont at
that time COM
manded the Noun
tain department.
W hich included
northern Virginia.
Schenck and Nil
roy, of his corps,
were sent with o.
600 men south from