davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
The HALLWAY Brain.

AT a recent meeting of the Society
of Physicians of the Charity hospital
in Berlin, Thomson exhibited pa
tient whose case he described as one
of 'railwa BRAIN" a neurosis resem-
bling in many respects the condition
already we'll known under the name
of railway spine" A healthy rail-
way employe, aged 80, without his
posing neurotic condition, by a sudden
motion of the train was thrown vio-
lently against the side of car, strik-
ing his head. He sustained no wound,
and at the time of injury conscious
ness was preserved. Some hours
afterward, however, he was suddenly
seized with syncope, with mental ter
ror, lost all sense of location, could
not recognize the simplest familiar
object, and described what he saw
enormously; his one objective symp-
tom was absolute anasthesia of the
entire body. On the fourth day after
his injury he had violent headaches,
pulse rate of forty-four, and, in ad-
dition to the cutaneous anesthesia,
loss of olfactory and taste sensations,
with difficult hearing. On the fifth
day the psychic symptoms suddenly
ceased, he could remember nothing
which had happened, and had no ex-
PLANTATION for his condition.
The patient subsequently became
very melancholic, complaining OF In
somnia, headache, spinal pain,
WEAKNESS and failure OF appetite; no
sensations of terror or disordered
dreams were present. The objective
symptoms remaining were marked
cranial or spinal hyperasthesia; fail,
ure to distinguish between white and
colors loss of smell and taste, and
impaired hearing, numbness, and at
times paresis and spasms OF the region
supplied by the facial nerve were also
present. He was discharged from the
hospital as improved, but two months
afterward his condition was un-
changed; he was unable to work on
account of headache and weakness.
Thompson's diagnosis was "railwav
BRAIN" a condition of profound dis
turbance of cerebral functions from
shock.
The increase in mechanical appli-
ances and abundant opportunities for
observation of nervous shock, both in
its fatal and milder form. While
post mortem demonstration OF hem
orrhage and structural LESSONS ex-
plains the course of these cases when
fatal, it is evident that we must rely
upon the continued observation of
surviving patients to determine the
development of LESSONS which will H.
lustrate the pathology of this condi-
ton. The possibility of the
tion of degenerative changes in nerv-
GUS matter and cerebral conditions
causing permanent mental impair
nent, is an interesting question for
neurologists and, in its medico-legal
aspects for the corporation whose
property may cause such injuries to
their patrons and emwloyes
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
The Secret of Longevity.

A little way beyond the ancient
church at Holderness is a brick resi-
dence, whose front is half hidden by
one OF those monster elms that are
the pride of our Northern States, and
beneath its shade l saw yesterday an
old man who is passing his ninety
fifth year, sitting comfortably in a
great armchair. My wife told me
that his wife had recently died, aged
one hundred and five; and, curious to
know if there was any special reason
for such longevity, made inquiries.
"No," said my informant; comfy they
were almost always out of-doors and
lived quiet life"
Yet in. that single sentence lay a
greater philosophy than he dreamed
of, sounder precept than he knew.
To keep out-of-doors and avoid worry
is maxim that, if followed, would
close majority of our hospitals,
which regret to say, have greater
number of occupants with each sue
ceeding year. American Magazine.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
Lamand da Park.

The railway from the Raymond to Lamar
da Park being about to be opened shortly
and giving to this desirable and picturesque
property exceptional facilities.
A further addition has been made to the
own lots, which are offered to the public on
reasonable terms, also plots to suit the CON
venience of buyers for villa residences of
from one to five or more acres on the Rose
avenue and other desirable situations.
Water provided for domestic purposes on
reasonable terms Plans can be seen ana
particulars obtained from the owners.
III. Rose & Co., Limited, Sunny slope
San Gabriel; or A. NJ. stephens, Lawyers
BLOCK, Los Angeles; or l, W. Eyestone, Real
Estate Agent, I.amanda Park.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
Girls Becoming Superior to Boys.

The superintendent of schools in
Cleveland, O. (perhaps the medel
school city of the second class in
America), two years ago reported, on
the part OF the boys in the high
school, loss of 1915 per cent. from
the ratio as it stood ten years before.
The superintendent at st. Joseph,
Mo-, whose own proportion of boy
graduates stood sixth highest IN
list of thirty schools that he tabulated'
says: 1.-The young men OF the coun-
try will be compelled in self-detense
to prolong their time of study at
school or college, or else submit to
continual reminder OF their inferiorlty
in scholarship to the young ladies'
with whom they mingle in the social
circle. ."-[ American Magazine.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
,ruo a. A. II. illustrated Herald.

This office is noO 'oeH supplied with the
splendid G. A. r edition Of the illustrated
Herald IL is superbly adorned pfctor'dlty'
and printed in the very best style kno'0n TO Ae
art. The reading matter is all about southern
California, her climate, resources and other a.
fractions. This is the best publication e1'a"'
to send to friends in the East toho deS~e 10
.oo,o about this section. IL is sold at the tlVO
price of Is cents per copy.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
HOMEOPATHIsTS-Continucd.

nR.F. KILLER, SURGEON AND PHYSIC-
~ ian; practices Homeopathy. Office and
residence corner Third and Spring streets.
Telephone $50. Entrance on Third street.
Hip joint disease and haemorrhoids spe-
cialty. Modern and conservative surgery.
apO7-tf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
The Old Mission Tells a Tale !!

The old Jesuit fathers made no mistake
when they established their missions. Hay
ing the whole country to select from they
invariably chose wisely. Go to Porter Land
and Water Company's Office and be sent by
buggy to the train and then to San Fernando
aud return, free, and you will be convinced
Office, Los Angeles National Bank Building
First and Spring streets.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

THE George Dalton, Sr., Tract
Is central property; save rent; get iot' IL IL
finely improved. You can so out every day
at . and Pm See
CHAs. VICTOR HALL, Al South Spring
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

MR.. A. HIGGINS, of Wyoming. N. y,
cows he had the piles for nearly 40 years,
and and was cured by using Gllmores odant rs r,Ic p'
Speei6c.-C. F. Heinzeman' agent Los An
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

nR FREELAND, of the NJ. E. Church
,s that two bottles of Gilmore's Aromatlc
suiSn ssuS,'a cured his wife of Nervous Debility
w. WIZ S,ooniessness. For sale by c. f. Heinze
saan agent, Los Angeles.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
SOUTH i. Red !: LANDS

A PART OF THE BIG PURCHASE AT SOUTH
"A Red Lands is subdivded and the market.
This land POSSESSES THE SAME QUALITIES as
Red Lands character of soil and climate, being be-
tweer twelve and fifteen hundred feet higher than Cotton
and Immediately the S. P. R. R.-where Station
and Depot be located and ad oins Red Lands prope
ON the South Abundance of PURE MOUNTAIN
WATER to- be pped over the land. small townsite
of two hundred lots has been laid out, TWENTY-FIVE
of which already sold before the maps TIL
balance is laid in FIVE and tracts with wide
avenues Will be placed the market at The low rate
of $3.50 per lot and $3.50 per Onethrd cash. bal
ance in II and MONTHS per interest Should
any remain unsold after the ls prox. prices will be ad
vanced
A. E. DITCH, Agent, 81 S. Main Street.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
LOS ANGELES COUNTY BANK,
Temple Block, Los Angeles, Cal.
Capital Stock Paid Up, $1OO,OOo.
Reserve Fund, 100000.

JOHN e. Platter. .. President
RS. BAKER. .Vice-President.
GEO. II. STEWART. Cashier.
DIRECTORS:
HI. MACNEIL, JoTHAM BIxBY,
JOHN Z. Platter, ROBERT S. BAKER,
JOHN A. PAXTON, GEO w. PRESCOTT,
r. NJ. WIDNEx.
ErBUY AND SELL EXCHANGE on san
Francisco, New York, London, Paris, Berlin
and Frankfort.
E~BUY EXCHANGES on all parts OF the
United States and Europe.
~RECEIvE MONEY on. open accoun
and certificate of deposit, and do genera
banking and exchange business.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
EXCU RSIONS.

DACIFIC COAST OVERLAND EXCUR-
i sion. The only excursion affOrding an
opportunity to visit Salt Lake City and Den
yer without change of cars. Parties leave
Los Angeles October Sd and 18th, November
9TH and Odd. Call on or address GEO. F.
COTTERAL & o.. Managers, 236 North
Main street, Los Angeles. Cal.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

ou1roH'sCoUGH and CONSUMPTION cure @
SIN SHIN Nv ms on a guarantee. 1t cures Con
lsntion. Is sOIa on c. +. Heinzeman, AGENT Los An
geleS
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

x,uv WILL YOU SUFFER from Ague and
WI when Cilmores Aromatic Wine Will
man Maiai,a ivnu.EC. +, Heinzeman, agent, Los An
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
DYE WORKS.
EMPLOYMENT BUREAUS.
ENGINEERs AND SURVEYORS
NHA's VICTOR HALL-PARTIAL LIST.

NHA's VICTOR HALL-PARTIAL LIST.
S525-Lot 5Ox131, Hubbord tract.
$2OO-Lot 5Ox135, Boulevard tract.
S5OO-Lot 5Ox132, Weisendanger tract.
$2OOO-Lot in the C. V. Hall tract. Adams
street.
$25OO-Lot in the Park tract
S625-Lot in Geo. Dalton, sr., tract.
$45O-Lot 5Ox12O, Washington street
tract.
$775-Lot in Hardin tract VII
$46O-Lot near Second street PARK.
$7OO-Lot in Hubbord tract.
$12,5OO-Lot 75xl50, house ana lot IN
$1,000 Lot 75x15O, Union avenue.
$1OOO-Lot in the Goodwin tract on slXth
street. =. W.,
S25OOSLot on Ottawa street near Pearl.
$25OO-Lot 5Ox131, Hubbord tract, with
$500 Der acre, improved, at Florence, with
plenty Of water; only miles from city
SiO per month. For rent houses and five
acres Of ground, with each house near street
Appiyto Al South Spring street.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

positiye cure for dyspegslaIRhaianlse Ggs' whoiesale
Bitters. Michel Levy w.
i;nuof dealers, agents.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
ARCHITECTS.


A d. GILLESPIE, q. E., ARCHITECT.
IA. No. 291a South Spring st. Room IL. OFT
A C. LUTGENS-ARCHI Il, MAX
n. well building, corner of Court and Main
streets. au2Of
u REEVE-ARCHITECT AND SURVEY
ID. or, room 10, Phillips Block, Main ST.
Residence, West Washington street, Los An
geles, California. Twenty-Five years expert
euce au4tt
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

MRS. DR.. C. f. SMITH (FORMERLY MRS.
M Bourcey), has removed her residence
145 Bellvue avenue, near Montreal street,
and will make a speciality of midwifery.
Ladies wishing to be cared for can be accom-
modated at her house. Orders promptly at
tended to
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

~KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. .-CGUR DE
&S Lion Commandery, No. 8, X. r.,
holds its stated conclaves in the asylum in
Masonic Hall on the third Thursday of each
month at 7:3O p. NJ. Sojourning Knights
Templar in good standing are cordially in
viied to attend, BY order of the E. G.
R. T. MuLLARD, Recorder.
KasLOS ANGELES CHAPTER, No. 33,
ES r. A. M.-Stated convocatiOns on
the second Monday of each month at 7;3O
P. NJ. at Masonic Hall, Spring street So
journing companions in good standing are
fraternally invited. By order of
G. F. MCCLELLAN. H.
T. J. CUDDY, Secretary.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

nR. PAYSON 4. HUCKINS, No. II n
~ Main street, Los Angeles, Cal. Special
treatment of eye, ear and throat diseases
Office hours-11 A. NJ. to l p. NJ; 2 to 4 P. NJ;
z to 8 P. NJ. Residen ce No. SAL South Hill
street. Telephone 253.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

Make Your start
- ,,.. =. Rosecrans, the star of the west
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

~ of Women a Speciality. Office No. 4411a
South Spring st, in Solomon Block, Rooms
l and 2. Office hours: 8 A. NJ to II M, 2 tO5
and z to s P. NJ. Residence, corner 18th st.
and Maple avenue. mlStf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
+. p. How. M. ID.

nCULIST AND AURIST, LATE RESIDENT
~ Physician of the Eye and Ear Hospital,
Worth street, New York. At 4514 North
Spring street. Hours-9 A. NJ. to P. M, and
to 8 p. M my9tf
nR. b. +. KIERULUFF, SPECIALIST IN
IL treating diseases of the Eye, Ear and
Throat. Eyes scientifically tested for
glasses. Office 1872 North Main street, over
Los Angelas Savings Bank. Hours from
A. NJ. to 8 P. NJ Residence, $40 Temple
street. f20-3m
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

r% ORANGE COUNCIL, No. 26, l. o. o. F.,
H~S meets every Wednesday evening OF
each week at 1880 o'clock in Good Templars'
Hall. Visiting members are cordially in
vited. II. w. READY, n. G.
A. j. E. FURNISH r. s.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

nR. NJ. HILTON WILLIAMS-275 NORTH
~ Main street Opposite Wells, Fargo &
Co.'S Express Office) Specialty-diseases OF
the head, throat and chest, together with the
eye, ear and heart. Office hours from $50
A. NJ. to p NJ. Sen26tf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

B~S Meets statedly on the first Thursday
of each month, at 7:15 P. NJ, at Masonic
Hall, Mcdonald Block. SOjourning COM
panions in good standing cordially invited
]. II. MARTIN, II. P.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
SOCIETY NOTICES.

e@TRICOLOR LODGE, No. 90, K of p,
S~S meets every Friday evening in Py-
THAN Castle, "a Spring street. SOjourning
Knights invited. II. T. PAYNE, G. C.
ISAAC S, SMITH, X of X. and s.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

x~LOS ANGELES LODGE, No. 1925 X.
E~S of H.-Regular meetings are held
every Wednesday evening at old Masonic
Hail. Spring street. Visiting brothers are
cordially invited to attend.
Fl C. AUSTIN Dictator
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

DR. G. EDGAR sMITH-DlsEAsEs OF
treated by the BrinkerkoR Painless Sys-
| TEN. Hours-9 A. NJ to P. NJ. Offices
| Corner of Spring and Second streets, Hol-
lenbeck Block. sep5-tf
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
SPECIALISTS.

nR J. A. DOUGHERTY-PILES, FISTULA
IL and other diseases of the lower bowel
and diseases of women, specially; 80
years experience in their treatment. 80
South Spring street; hours $50 to $3.50.
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16
Sizteen-Page Edition
ON SUNDAYS.
Agencies of the Daily ana
Weekly Herald:

The following persons are the agents for
the DAILY AND WEEKLY HERALD, from
whom either paper may be ordered:
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

TULlA f. BUTTON, HOMGOPATHIST
- California Bank Building, corner Sec
ond ard Fort streets. Take elevator.
Diseases of ladies and children special
ty. Hours, 10 to A. Rooms AZ and 4S. o2ti
Los Angeles daily herald., 1887-10-16

MRS. DR. MINNIE WELLS-FIRST LADY
IN lieentiate of Kentucky. Speciality
Diseases of women and children; also, in
connection with her practice, Electric
Thermal Baths 81 S. Spring street. n17-tf
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1887-12-07
THE ROANE TRAGEDIES.
A Son Of tho Murdered Minister Talks
on 1t, -..-aE

A Son of tho Murdered Minister Talks
on 1t.
Mr.. Meredith Ryan, son Of The mimi
ter murdered in Roane county, said re-.
Gently that the much.talked OF "consoli.
dated band" did not exist, that some time
since numerous robberies had been com.
mitted and that number OF citizens had
banded themselves together to protect
property from thia clasa, and 1t was in this
way that tho consolidated band had oh.
tanned such notoriety. He corroborated
the piece Published in regard to indlct.
ments being found by the Roane county
grand Jury against D. W. Cunningham,
leaac Cunningham, Alfred Tolley and
Detective Burnett. He says there is no
doubt but what the Dufis and Coon wore
the murderers OF his father, that hin
mother recognized Robert Duff tho night
the murder was committed and that
George Duff fred the fatal shot.
The only new coloring Mr.. Ryan throws
upon the affair is this: That the alleged
New York detective WAS the man who
had his brother swear out the warrants
for Cunningham, Burnett and otha,e,
The warrants wers issued by W. P. Taylor,
q Justice OF tho peace Of Matte, R3ane
county. He states further that the met.
ropolitan detective has mysteriously dis.
appeared from that locality, leaving 81.
Counts in tho lurch to the extent Of about
eleven dollars-this being tho amount
due Tor revolver and fur cap which he
purchased and forgot to aottle for. Mr..
Ryan says there has been no change in
toe aentimont Of the citizsns OF that 10.
cality, in regard to the persons who com.
mitted tho foul murder; that thoy believe
those hung were directly connected with
1t and that others now free were also i'm.
p!iCated, -,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1887-12-07
Complimentary Banquet.

In tho wee sma' hours Of yeeterdav
morning the members OF the city press
and the night men at the Western Union
Telegraph office met around the festsl
board at @. Z. VanKeuren's dairy restaur.
ant. on Twelfth street. In bis career as a
restau1ateur in Wheeling Mr.. Vankeuren
has made 1t 9 point to entertain the press
thua annually, and on this occasion, So
heretofore, ho set table that would do
credit to any caterer. The main features
OF the menu were oysters in Geysral styles,
roast turkey, lobster salad, and the a..
propriAte Iccompaninents-cslsry, GOOD
coffee, Malaga grapes, wine jelly, CAKES,
nuts, etc. 1t was one OF those occasions
when newspaper man ia glad he ia one,
and all tcstiaed their appreciation by do.
ing the amples! jua.ics to the spread.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1887-12-07
DIR. LOGAN,S TALK
About Salt Lake Oily nc tho Y. M. 9
IfF'0 lnst Nt.h&

About Salt Lake Oily nc tho Y. nj. O, A.
last Night.
The talk delivered by Dr.. I. Il. Logan
at the Y. NJ. O. A. building last evening
waa ono Of the most interesting and On.
tertaining Of tho splendid series that have
been given under tho auspices Of the As.
eociation for the benefit Of the young men
Of the city and especially its numbers in
the past. Dr.. Logsn's subsct waa "Salt
Lake City"-the home OF the Dformons.
Dr.. Logan was one Of the delegates from
tho Association here to the international
Convention Of the YIN. O. A. held in San
Francisco o few months since, and whi!o
en- route took occasion to stop in the won.
derful city Of Salt Lake, and spent
some time there. Always careful OBJ.
aerver and thinker, be was on the alert
all the time he was there and in that way
acquired u rich fund Of information about
the place, Its people and customs. b.
talked last evening for over ono hour, and
tho audience, which was an unusually
large one, would have gladly remained as
long again snd listened to tho able spsaker.
His remarks on tho Edmunds law and Tia
manner IN which 1t was being recs;yed
were very Interesting. At the closs the
Doctor was warmly thanked for The
charming entertainment he hal afforded.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1887-12-07
THE PROuIBIrInN AMENDMENT
Discussed ut the Meeting Of tho nlinisterln
X Association.

Discussed Mt the Meeting Of tho ministerial
Association.
Tho Wheeling Ministerial Association
held its weekly session in the Fourth
Street II. E church on Monday. :.
The subject for discussion, "Whst steps
ehoald be taken by the temperance people
OF Wheeling to secure the passage oi the
amendment to the Constitution OF West
Virginia, prohibiting the manufacture and
sale OF intoxicants?" was introduced by
the Preaident, Rsv. s. E. Jones.
He outlined the importance OF tho sub
ject and the relation that this city sustaina
to it. He suggested unsectarinn, non.
political organization as the best method
Of procedure, and AMI education Of the
public by the pulpit and all other legili.
mnte means. s'a
Tho discussion waa participated in by
Mejor II. Camp, G. W. Grimes, NJ. F.
Dryden, D. L. Ash, DR.. Blaisdell, w, &,
Riheldaffsr, I. Z. Galway and MIR. Beck,
all endorsing tho leading thoughts ad.
y0ncsd by tho Introduction, and each add.
ing thoughts Of interest and p.ost,
The following resolutions Gere passed:
Resolved, That it il tho sense Of this AS.
ISOLATION that public meeting be held OF
an unsectarlan and non.political character
10 formulate course Of action in favor Of
the cause Of temperance.
2. That committee OF three besppoint.
ed to secure tho consents nd co cd grafton OF
the several churches and temperance or.
ganixatlons OF thu city in issuing call
lor meeting to formulate plan of work
TO essiss in occurring the Amendment to
the Constitution, prohibiting the NAL u.
iacture and sale Of Intoxicating liquors as
o beverage in the State of West Virginia,
The same subject with tho addition Of a
report by each pastor Of the progress OF
the temperance work in his church, was
continued. DR.. Blaisdell, W.. G. Rihel.
dafier and G. W. Atkinson were appointed
as said committee. Es,. - /
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1887-12-07
TIE GLASS SITUATION.
Tho Chimney Manufastursrs-Ono Factory
Now Idle. 4IIl-1f. ts

H. .
The representatives Of the glass fac.
tories Of tho country engaged In making
lamp chimneys exclusively were to have
met yesterday to take action on PROPOSE.
ton to join the new association Of hlnt
glass manufacturers, bu! owing to the Ill.
reas Of President Gill, their meeting was
postponed till Friday.
II turns out that the telegram from
Pittsburgh, predicting general tlnt glass
strike In lorty-oIght hours, originated in q
strike limited to one factory Of King, Bon
4 %. there. When the new ecale and
rules were handed to the scale committee
Of that factory Monday, the men all alb.
ruptly quit work. At a special IN eating
the same day President Smith, Of the
Glass Workers Union, asked the mon to
return and work out oil the metal In the
pots but this they positively refused TO
do. /. was said by them that they had
come out on strike and that there was
no use in going back now for thirty.six
hours work. The moro President Smith
plead with the men to concede to his re-.
quest, the sterner they became In theil
resolution. Alter tho meeting was owe,
the mon on tho day turn met those on the
night turn as they were going 10 work
and told them Of tho strike, and az a re.
ault the night men did not show up at the
factory. %
President Smith, whom seen at his Of
fee, said that there was diversity o.
opinion among tho manufacturers as t.
when the official notice OF the worker
had been given. "When put tho ques
ton as to whether tho new rules were tc
20 into immediate effect" said be, "the
manufacturere' representatives said mo.
Now some Of the men have been given tc
understand thatthe notice Is immediate.
have examined the move list and the wagt
ecalo, and l find that by comparison with
the list agreed upon previous to thil
trouble, the manufacturers have made ~
changes, the great majority OF which art
against the men. The waga scale present
od 10 not 30 bad, but 1t hss numeroul
changes made In favor Of the manufac
turero. thought that time would be
given for consideration, but tho manuiac
turera have pushed things and gueos thu
fight has begun" 80 b.
Tho manufacturers cay that the trade
for this year is over, 80 the retail buyer
have nearly all got their stock for the hol
iday Doason. Very near all the flint gla,l
that is now made has to be put on stool
until about the first OF April, when thu
next Henson commences. 5. ,.l.