The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1887-10-23

with the fall, and three -fourths OF the work is
WIN wolves ana oiher, VIA snimaas; t6s aslds
rss 81 SSs h a. sS oD rSs Sna
and hS % sqa Es Sew
GROWING FLOWERS As A BUSINESS.
And the Manuraoturs OF Perfumes ~ Car
ried on IN tho South OF France.
From he Journal Of ne sooew u Aria
For nearly O century the culture Of flow:
perfumes and essences have formed aspecial
and lucrative industry in southern France.
tur lure R Is earrsd on Is a. rasss in the Depart
ment Of the Alpes Maritimes. but 1t is also con.
Quoted on more er less extensive scale eat ss
Of ro The onau
S March ana Ape shoash IL mild
moist winters the violets commence us early
AND angg with
ender and spikenprd in September. aud acacia
vest covers therefore, about three fourths Of
the year. but the season OF greatest activity Is
bessso%s a re sSorod Thyme arc
snd bp 5 o sss
apparatus for dlstilline the flowers; and they
produce more or less inferior class Of es-
ate the superior essences produced at the
large establishments In towns i1,s and villages
port Upon flower farming in Southern France,
snys that the condition Of Industrial success In
flower growing can be best studied from
se liam III IN the @ n
the Var. This farm q about twenty-threo
ops ss .Soat Il sSa shs
level Of the Mediterranean. and at q distance
OF twenty miles from the coast, ,- The cal;
ssn and oye Witch had
ground for 9 century or more prior to
retarns. The slope q The surface was SO steep
| that the waters 81 q spring which nows from
0Gkf R S0 and Sss
regarded as practically worthless. In 1881 the
proprietor caused the olive trees to be re-
Of four feet. the larger stones removed and
r races into which the surface wi was divided.
e msa o, ss
ness Of the slope win be Indicated by the
the terrace walls required to produce a series
n a fps
sroand for plantlns n he autumn o, issi. rs.
900 TUFTS OF vtolets and 600 roots Of tho white
the remainder 81 Tie ground was planted wit6
roses. pelnr2oniums. tnberoses, and jonquils.
he 10 hTs
Sssy snd Esi; snd In. H. 1885,; shs fourth yss'r
ssso1 s Sssf = q sss ss s
lucrative flower farming may become in favor
able districts and under g0od management.
neigRborhood 81 arnsse whers per Hna owss
| growing is the leading industry. Consul Mason
that the essential cenditS S aPpesE to be
grown on such elevated positions are said to
30 richer In perfume than similar varieties
sa rich xssyS ssaa
ton s6stered from God northern winds and
countries like southern France. where the
rainfall Is always scanty. ana often wanting
is essential to the culture. Of flowers as we'll as
OF every other Gr9p It Is said taS perfume
1e not ess
knowledee Of every detail Of the helm Industry YEA
experience. and transmitted from generation
One essential principle in perfume culture is
flowers are discarded. and the natural. simple.
mon pink ones. and tho Single white violet is
preferred to oil the larger artilicially developed
yslloW and less fragrant variety appsaras to
be either discarded or unknown. Jasmine
sn a
tho lower terraces and are also cut low and
tho ground between the plants heayiy ma.
stem Is cut to within a few inches OF the
ground. to preserve for tho next season the
during the harvest season traders or midi
do men go through the country every day
with wagons. collecting iowers from the farms.
market; their loads are hurled to the nearest
arc still fresh and crisp. The lowers arc gath
ered In the morning. as soon as possible after
the dsW o fas gh o
making OF pomades end oils by the process Of
ABSORPTION; and q essences and essential oils
is provided with apparatus for all these proc
esses. Pomades are tho commercial vehicles
OF the jonIIii. tuberose, Jasmine. and other
SPECIES Of flowers. Sc square trems or chassis
On shsp SIDE glass sSus esea
layer Of grease-two parts lard to one OF tallow
bos run ep
the frames ore piled up In ranks Of six or seven
Ss AW aw s hs Of s he ssas
are picked from the stems and laid so as to
cover the grease In each frame. These being
again piled so rs to rest upon their wooden
edges, which ft closely together. there is
formed a. species of tight chambers. tho
floors and ceilings of which are Of grease
exposed to the perfume OF tho flower leaves
within: the grease absorbs the perfume. tho
spent flowers are removed daily, and fresh ones
supplied, and this process goes on from two to
four or Ave months. according to the desired
strength OF tho pomade, which, when sulil-
GENTLY charged with perfume, is takon from the
glass with n wide thin spatula, and packed In
tin cans or s'aytons. Tor export. BY, these
arc extracted and retained for trans
port TO distant marketR. where tho
grease, being treated with alcohol. Yields
the perfume to tho stronger vehicle and pro-
duces the floral waters and extracts OF coul-
Inoree. Coarse pomades are made by boiling
the Gowers In the grease and subjectipg the
residue TO pressure. The spent pomades are
ture Of hno soaps. The process of preparing
periumed oils INVOLVES the same principle. ex.
olive oil is used. With this oil pieces
OF coarse cotton fabric are saturated which