The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1887-09-03
THE FOREST TER
Taaspianting l.ou.y rrecs.

i tH5tNt5iHVttH8 lpHt'J = If'S.
r. ". Phipps, at the head Of the For
estry Bureau in Canada, sends the follow
ing Communication to the Toronto Gj0be
in answer to a query how young trees
might be moved after attaining consider
able size:
There are two ways, in one or the other
Of which this is most generally done.
One is put in practice towards fall,
when trench is cut round each tree a
couple Of feet deep, enclosing a circle five
or six feet in diameter. The trench
is then filed in with straw, which, while
allowing the mass of the disk to freeze
when winter arrives, keeps it unfrozen at
the point OF its junction with the earth
below. As soon as this state is reached,
it is time to remove them, which is done
by lifting the whole mass, tree, roots,
and earth, sometimes eighing n ton, on
a sledge by means of levers, and drawing
il to where an excavation, made in the
fall, is ready to receive IT. As soon as the
earth has thawed in the spring all open
ing5 are filed in and leyeled. | have
known hundreds of trees, many of them
evergreens, fifteen to twenty feet high,
thus moved, and do not recollect one
failure. The trees, to use a common ex-
pre- sion, never know they have been
moved" The other method is practised
in England, and, ! believe, in the States
1t is carried ont by the use of the tree
litter. mn apparatus consisting of two
large wheels connected by an axle and
furnished with shafts. The root Is
trenched round three feet deep, and the
ball of earth fastened by chains to the
axle, which is so contrived that it forms
n windlass, and lifts the whole root
above the surface, when it is drawn bv n
lo,uo ,rI pEaIa1 and T,Iopta1 ~
once The disk of earth is three feet
six inches across, and generally about
two feet deep. This is said to succeed
we'll. l should think a combination of
these systems would be the best in
Canada, and that very rapid and effective
work might be performed. 1t IS quite
possible. by these means, to change a
field into n park at once, without the
usual slow process of growth on the spot
he great need in many parks and
streets in Ontario is n better understand
ing by those who attend to the trees of
what they are doing. | knew one instance
where it was the practice, for many years,
to collect and cart away the leaves a they
fell each fall. 1t is probable that this was
done very inteligently on the part of some
gardener whose land received the benefit,
but tie trees necessarily suffered in exact
proportion. Where grass is not deeUed
around trees they are always much bone
fitted by having the surrounding earth
stirred, not so deeply as 10 touch the roots,
and at this time the leaves could be turned
under. Where the sod is desired 1t can be
lifted. and fresh earth, composted leaves
or well-rotted manure placed under, and
the sods reiail. | have used this method
with great advantage both for fruit and
forest trees. The chief error in manage
ment seems, however, to be the method of
pruning. Evergreens are better of never
beng pruned nj all The growth of n
branch is FIR better checked if necessary
by breaking off some of the fresh Growth
at the EMS. When n branch dies il should
be removed, but not otherwise. As for
decidHous trees, when they are pruned the
limb should be cut off close to the tree.
When q stub is left, say one, two or even
three inches Tonga very common practice
1t rots TO the heart of the tree, and greatly
il ures IFS vitality. On the other hand, if
the cut be made close to the trunk, the
bark viii at once commence to grow over
il, and, except IN the case of very large
branches, no injury, but often benefit, will
fo3lIvr