The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1887-10-23

n. r,.r.,-,s... 81 lsAs.

30 far q boolED ACCESSIBLE 20 Englisn foau-
ers are concerned. attention has been unduly
concentrated on the French section OF the
miehty vaye Of revolution which In lS49 swept
ever Europe and laid upon the wreck Of the
Holy Alliance and Of the Metternich system the
basis OF Q new era To redress for Thorn the
balance Of interest and Information In the aim
OF q remarkably painstaking and thoughtful
narrative. TIE Revolutionary Movement OF 1915
IN Italy. Austria Hungary. and Germany. By
O, ED,xuND MAunrcs (Putnsmsl In preface
and In the seventh chapter OF his narrative
the author gives his reasons for combining his
attention TO those countries. and for alluding
only In an incidental and cursory manner 70
the events that overthrow the Orleans regime
IN France. OF the various upheavals that
made memorable the year i84S. that which
took place In Paris was neither antecedent In
order Of time nor identical In aim. II was, 40
Mr.. Maurice brings out clearly. from Palermo.
mot from Paris, that the first revolutionary
outburst came. From Presburg not from
Paris, Game the word that shook Metternioh
nom power and secured European character
10 the revolution" From tho Metternich sys-
tenn. that strovs to put down constitutional
government By force. tho subjects OF Louis
Philippe had nothing TO fear. having for many
years possessed parliamentary institutions.
II was not liberalism that triumphod In Paris,
bat advanced Radicalism cooperating with Q
strons socialist element. On tho other hand.
IN the italian, German. and Hungarian out
breaks there were but few traces Of socialism.
and oven Jacobinism played NO considerable
rola The Magyar, the 6icilian. tho Lombard.
che South. German patriots would have been
glad to compromise for such concessions as
shelr French contemporaries had enjoyed since
1880, provided with these concessions were
10 . ~ NJ nj III
ON such grounds - those that Mr.. Maurice
bases his aysrment that "the questions with
which France had to deal. vitality important 80
they wers were not those which were aRitat-
inR Europe ut that period. And. II the SUBJ
3ects In which France was interested were
not yet ripe for handling BY the other ma
tons Of Europe. still lesp could the watch
words Of tho European revolution be In
scribed on the banner Of France. Tho princi-
plo Of nationality. tho development, that is.
Of q freer life BY the voluntary union OF
mon Of the Same race and Language. was
not . principle which could interest the
French" Whyf Because In their case tho
principle Of nationality had not been violated.
the Congress Of Vienna having permitted them
TO retain not only Lorraine but Alsace. whose
Sthnio relationships wore at least disputable.
The Government Of Louis Philippe was over
thrown on Fob. "A, 1s4s, but no one now doubts
that twonty-iour hours before . little wisdom
and nrmness could easily have saved 1t. 1t is
important to keep this date and this fact In
mind q No review the revolutionary demon
STATIONS In other countries which were much
less fortuitous and repressible. The first NUT
terings Of tho storm which was to break over
tho greater part Of Europe swere heard In tho
dominions Of the King Of Naples. As early as
tho middle Of 1847 tho Sioilians and Neapoli-
ssns, who had at last learned to work for .
time at least together, had planned simulta-
neous rising on the island and tho mainland.
At Messina, on Sept. l. an outbreak did actual
~ occur. but was Quelled without much DIM
Guilty. and It's authors and agents were relent-
lessly dealt with. Stimulated by this example.
the Neapolitans rose on Christmas day to the
CRY Of ESpira Palermo" but they also were
promptly silenced. It was truly from Palermo
that tho most formidable effort for deliverance
from despotism was to be made. There the In
surrection which began on Jan 10, ls4s,
was 90 far triumphant that the CON-
spirators. after prolonged and desper-
ate conflicts with tho royal troops,
retained possession Of the city and organized
Q government. The modest limits Of their
purpose were Indicated by their design ating
for the post Of President man OF seventy who
had helped to proclaim the Spanish Constitu-
ton in Sicily in 1890. Under the impulse Of
the news from Palermo the Neapolitans had
risen In salerno. and King Ferdinand not only
dismissed his Minister OF Police. but on Jan.
20 promised to concede constitution to Ma
plea. Tho Sicilians now went o little further
and demanded that the grant Of parliamentary
institutions should be followed by adhesion to
an italian confederation. Thus they sounded
the keynote OF the dual outcry for nationality
~ MN IN N n Ia n in N
many and Hungary. Before noting tho imme-
diate effect on other parts Of Italy OF this in
itial success. let us bear In mind that the Nea-
politan Constitution. whom actually promul-
rated. turned out to DO modelled on the French
Constitution Of 1880, and to be much less pop
ular In its character than Its Spanish prede-
cessor Of 1920. Nevertheless, what Mr.. Maurice
says upon this point Is obviously true. that tho
granting of any constitution at all by Bour-
bon king was fact which naturally supplied
Q spark to the combustible material to be
found In all parts Of the Italian peninsula"
The Papal dominions were In Q particularly
inflammAble condition. and there was reason
20 believe that Plus TX. was not uniriendly to
constitutional methods of government. Al
ready. on Dec. 81. 1847. the Pope had promised
BY decree separate and Independent respon-
sibility to each Of his Ministers. When the
uOln80 Cdu10 That NbploS ubu OUtaiuou u COH-
stitution, the Romans rose and secured tho
Pontifrs assent to the formation Of u secular
Ministry. and to tho increase OF the army.
which were their cardinal demands. In Tus-
csny there had been an attempt at insurroo-
ton at LeRhorn before the success Of the
Hicilisns was known. but although this was
foiled. the Grand Duke Leopold yielded to tho
wishes Of his people with much moro alao-
rity than Ferdinand. and granted CON-
stitution which. when 1t appeared on Feb.
II, proved to be an Improvement upon
that acquired at Naples In the mat
Tor OF religious liberty. In tho king
dom Of Sardinia tho leading role In the revolu-
ton was taken by Genoa. where. owing to the
circumstances under which It had been an
nexed to Piedmont, the discontinued element
was strong. But for some time Genoese dis
content had ceased to be directed against Sa-
voyard rule, but had taken the form Of propul-
sion toward territorial expansion and moro
liberal institutions. In the course Of demon
stration In November. 1847. Charles Albert had
been publicly called upon to cross the Ticino.
It was not howe, or. until Feb. 2. and then with
extreme reluctance, that the King agreed to