davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29

Stanley, the explorer, is Hooded
with offers from good men who wish
to accompany him on his expedition
for the relief of Emin Bey.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29

ssUnole Toms Cabin has been thor
oughly remodeled by Abbey's company,
and as treated at the Opera House last
night, afforded degree Of interest even
for those who haveseen the play regular.
ly for the past twenty years. The audi
ence was large and the performances
pleasing. Glens Falls Morning STAR
AT, Central Opera House, Friday
night, Feb. 4th.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29

FOR Building Material and Slate Roof.
ing, call on SMALL & co, at old Sash
Factory. a10 If
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29
Bn,ILa,q e Co.

Call especial att, nttan % their large stock
of CHRISTMAS 6COb~ mot
be Surpassed for beauty am cheapness
Pub icsquare,
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29
H. FL. Il.
Hersisi0's Happy Hit.

500 White Dress shirts, three-ply Linen
Bosoms, reinforced front and back, Dwight
Anchor muslin, worth lei cts. per yard
and every shirt warfhnfeda perfect tit.
ALL FOR % c.sNl'S
at q. T.. HERRING IS co.'s. wiGe-awake
Cash BARGAIN Store.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29

Go 20 john HELERs carnage empo
-ium for neat, pretty sleishs. at
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29

led "A Day with the PRESIDENT, /. Civ
ing vivid picture of the daily life of
the President and Mrs. Cleveland. The
departments are as bright as ever. and
good poetry is furnished by "a. w. r..
and G. III. Crandall.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29
1he Best. fl.e chennesf

And the prettiessCHAMBER SETS ever
offered By u.s. BURKHART & co.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29
Pufcnt Ear AIu1feS.

An elegant, complete and convenient
protection for tho ., RS, and very cheap,
GETTINGEH and HOKE'S
Head quarters for boots, shoes. hsts.
caps and trunks, a isl
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1887-01-29

THE CHAIR FACTORY This insti-
tuition has met with good many dis
couragements during the past year.
First of all it started too late to get the
benefit of last years spring trade. 1t
also lacked the amount of capital it
ought to have had to enable it's projec-
tors to push forward its interests to adj
vantage. Some very lucky contracts,
however, were made in the beginning.
which helped to make up for losses sus.
tanned during it's first nine months ex-
perience. The building and machinery
now owned by the company are:6rst-class
in every respect and well adapted to the
purposes intended. The work turned
out during last year ranks in style, fin
ish and durability with any similar
work. About six hundred chairs have
been sold in our own town at prices
that beat competition. We are justly
proud Of this new enterprise, and are
confident that under management of the
new Board Of Directors its interests
win be pushed forward rapidly. Il
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30

FoX.-on Salmon river, this county. Sept. II,
1887, Frank c. Fox, native OF New York
state, aged about 80 years
The particulars of the shocking accident by
which Mr.. Fox met his death are narrated in
the funeral sermon published elsewhere 1t
is long since death occurred in this county
which has left behind it such feelings of sorrow
and regret, for Frank Fox was of a nature and
disposition which made him devoted friend :
wherever he went. Warm hearted, generous
sociable and brave. he was an universal favor
lite among his associates. Everything that
prompt medical skill and attendance could do
to save him was done, but the injuries were
fatal, and he passed in thirteen hours without
recovering consciousness from the effect of the
blow. To MS Borrowing widow and children
this community extends sincere sympathy in
their hour of affection. Peace to HIS ashes
BlNNARD.-In lewiston I. t. Sept IL, 1887.
Birka Binnard, native of Poland, aged
10 years and days. .t.-
From the "Nez Perez News" obituary we
CLEAN the following facts concerning the life of
Major b. Binnard. He was born in Poland In
1877 where he resided until the years of major
ity brought out the manly ambitions of his life.
From Poland he emigrated To England enga-
ging IN business at London and Bristol, where
ne thrived successfully for twenty years, when
ne locatad az Montgomery Alabama. residing
there TWO years. Mexico then drew his atten-
ton, and he visited the entire territory finally
going to Peru, where he engaged successfully
III ouslHesS Ior NUMBER OF years Desiring to
see more of the United States. he returned to
Alabama. but shortly after ne came to Lewiston
ana being then attracted by the Elk city mi
ming excitement he turned his enterprise in
that direction dealing In general merchandise
at Newsome creek and Elk city. With the sub
sidence OF tile mining trade he entered the
firm OF Grostein Binnard at Mt. Idaho, CON
Quoting affairs as he went in a manner that
made him untold friends and patrons. After a
successful career OF several years at that famil-
lar point he entered into partnership with
|. ). Weller with whom he remained associa-
ted at the old stand until two years ago. when
he was Threatened with prolonged illness aud
he retired from business, being succeeded by
the present firm of Weller & Wax. Since then
Major Binnard has resided in Lewiston with
his nephew, Aaron Binnard, under whose roof
he entered upon his great journey to the Mys-
tie Land. lie was generous, benevolent
big hearted and broad minded gentleman and
never allowed man or beast to suffer where
attention and means could divert 1t. In the
mining days of long ago he gave thousands of
dollars to strangers and others in absolute
need. such are the memories which he leaves
noatlng behind TO cheer the sorrow OF those
VINO have known and respected, and those
near and dear to him. The funeral was under
Masonic auspices, and Hebrew services were
also held, and attended by large concourse of
friends the mortal remains of this kind
hearted gentleman were tearfully consigned
TO mother earth.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
A MENDED SCHOOL Law.

OFFICE SCHOOL SuP'T IDAHO Co, IpAHo,l
MT. IDAHO, Sept. 26, 1887.
would respectfully call the attention of the
School Trustees and patrons of the different
School districts in Idaho County, to Chapter
vi, Sections Cos and 666 of the General School
Law of Idaho Territory, which changes the
time OF holding the annual election from the
first Monday in January to the first Monday in
September. AT the election the following
facts should be observed:
1st.-The election must be held at the school
house.
2nd.-There can only be one Trustee elected
and that must be for three years, except in
newly organised districts.
3rd.-The polls must be kept open from one
o'clock to five O'Clock, p m.
albany person not qualified to vote at
County election cannot vote at the School cleo
tons, and the voting should be by ballot
5th.-The returns should include the poll
list and the tally sheet. WEI
Your attention is also invited to the teuth
subdivision of Section 667, which requires the
annual reports to be made on September LIST.
1920. T. j. RHOADS, Co. Supt.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPTIoN PROOF.


James II. Aram, D. s., 2,611.
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON IDAHO. !
Sept. "a, 1887. I
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim, and
that said proof will be made before Fred L.
Lucas, Clerk of District Court. First Judicial
District Idaho Territory, at his Office at Mt
Idaho |. T.. on November 10Th 1857, viz:
JAMES II. ARAM, d. s., 26ll.
For the seq neI, nel4 sell and So sell sec. 6,
tip. 20, 2 B m.
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
OF said land, viz:
Thomas Pearson, J. G. Harris. w. L.. Nickson,
Arthur Denham, all Of Grangeville Idaho.
1921 FRANCIS +. PATTERSON, Register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR HOMESTEAD PROOF.
John Henry Won Bargen. Home 773
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON IDAHO

John Henry Won Bargen. Home 77s
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON IDAHO
Sept. %, 1887.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim, and
that said proof win be made before the Judge
before the Clerk OF said Court at Mt. Idsho, on
November II, 1887, viz: Nf
JOHN HENRY Won BARGEN, Home 773.
For the nwl4 Sec IL, tip. So mr. l e B m.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
Of said land, viz
Henry Meyer, Abram B. White, William Won
Berge, Elijah West, all of Grangeville, Idaho.
1921 FRANCIS 4. PATTERSON, Register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR HOMESTEAD PROOF.
Elva Gully, Home 1,493.


LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON IDAHO, !
Sept. u 1887.
Notice liz hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of her intention
to make final proof in support of her claim, and
that said proof will be made before the Judge
of the LIST Judicial District Idaho and ii he is
absent then before the Clerk of said Court at
his office. Mt. Idaho, l. IT, on Nov. l.; 1887, viz
ELVA GULLY, Home ,493.
For the nw14 sec. 10. tip. 80, II re e b m.
She names the following witnesses to prove
her continuous residence upon and cultivation
of, said land viz:
James Adkison J. G. Eckles, William Zum-
walt, all OF Grangeville, Idaho.
1921. FRANCIS +. PATTERSON, Register
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPTIoN PROOF
Benjamin F. Pricherd, DIS. 5000.
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON. IDAHO

Benjamin F. Pricherd. DIS. 5000.
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON, IDAHO, I
Sept. D. 1887
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim,
and that said proof will be made before Fred
Z; Lucas Clerk of Court, LIST Judicial District
November 10Th, 1887 viz:
BENJAMIN f. PRICHARD D. s. 3,o29.
For the eL swl4 and ela nw14, sec. 2S TIP. 81,
nr2e b IN.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of, said land, viz: fs.l
Clayburn J. Frazier. John r. PICKERING, Ar
thur Warden, A. b. Rookie, all of Grangevillc,
Idaho.
1921 FRANCIS II. PATTERSON, Register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR HOME PROOF.
Charles f. Holt, Home 1858.
LAND OFFICE AT Lewiston, IDAHO, !

September 10th 1857
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice OF his intention
10 make final proof in support Of his claim, and
that said proof will be made before the Judge
OF the District Court LIST Judicial District Idaho
or II he be absent, before the Clerk of said
Court, at Mt Idaho, on November 9Th 1887 viz:
CHARLES r. HOLT, HOME 1858.
For the WI sw14, sec 20 and .ela seq, sec 80,
80, n r, l e, b m.
He names the following witnesses TO prove
HIS continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of aid land, viz:
]. X. q. Gwyn, Charles Gregory. James Nc
Cafferty and Daniel Mcneil, all OF Cottonwood
Idaho.
l5-2O. FRANCIS f. PATTERSON, Register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPTIoN PROOF.
Alta E. Holt, d. S. 1907.

Alta +. Holt, D. s. 1907.
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON, IDAHo.l
.....-. m September 10Th, 1881
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of her intention
To make final proof in support Of her claim and
that said proof will be made before Fred +. Lu-
cas-. Clerk District Court, LIST Judicial District
Idaho Territory, at his office at Mt. Idaho, on
November 9Th 1887 viz:
ALTA L. HOLT, d. s 1897.
For the e1a swl and ma sell, sec %, tip 80,
e. BIN.
She names the following witnesses to prove
her continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of said land viz:
Jacob L. Echert, Daniel Mcneil. J.rR. C.
Gwyn and James McCafferty, all OF Cottonwood
Idaho
1870. FRANCIS f. PATTERSON, Register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30

For Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Evergreens
Small Fruits, Grape Vines, Roses, &C., send to
the Old Reliable Oswego Nurseries, Oswego
oregon, Walling & Jarrisch Proprietors Those
desiring anything in the fruit line can be sup
piled direct from the nurseries through me.
and satisfaction guaranteed. Send your orders
in soon and get trees before cold weather. Cat
alogues in few days. FRANK HORNING.
GRANGEyILLE. September 9th 1857. 1916.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR HOME PROOF.

James J. Remington Home 1910.
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON IDAHo,(
August 3lst 1887.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim, and
that said proof will be made before the Judge
of the y. S. District Court LIST Judicial District,
Idaho Territory, or ii he be absent before the
clerk of said court, at Mt. Idaho, on october
Sth 1887, viz
JAMES ]. REMINGTON, HOME 1910
For the sw a ne a W y Sc II. sc a Sc a sec
81, tip 80, II r. e, b m
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of said land, viz:
J. 7. Bradley. L. C. Pyle, J. Il. Addison and
NJ. V. Jarrett, all of Grangeville z. o., Idaho.
12-l7. FRANCIS L. PATTERSON, Register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
CHURCH DIRECTORY.

DREACHING EVERY SUNDAY EVENING
i at the Grange Hall.
A I MT IDAHO AT II O'CLOCK A. NJ, ON
n August 81. At Fairview, on Sunday morn
ing, August 2S
CUNDAY SCHOOL EVERY SUNDAY AT
O10 O'Clock, a NJ, in Grange hall Also every
Sunday at Fairview, at II A NJ
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR HOME PROOF

NOTICE FOR HOME PROOF
Isaac o. b. Mcdonald Home 1921.
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON, IDAHO.l
September 18th 1887.
Notice Is hereby given that the following
named settler has fled notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim,
and that said proof will be made before the
Judge of the District Court ii he be absent
before the Clerk of said Court at Mt. Idaho,
Idaho. on October 29th 1887. viz:
ISAAC o. b. MCDONALD, HOME 1921.
For the Lots and and e q sw4 sec 81 tip 30
n Sc, m.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of said land. viz:
G. w. Dallas, A. A. Harris, A. D. BARLEY and
G. +. Brown, all of Grangeville. Idaho.
1920. FRANCIS +. PATTERSON. register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30

II. c. Brown, OF Mt. Idaho, offers for sale, Mt
the original cost price, large lot OF California
and Oregon made clothing consisting OF mems,
gents, boys and children's clothing. The en-
tire stock was selected carefully with especial
will positively be sold at the original cost price
for cash. Vln27tf.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30

rINHE PIONEER HARDWARE STORE OF C.
l. G. Bunnell is an institution of which Lew
iston may well be proud. He has an enormous
stock of everything in the hardware line, can
not nor will not be undersold and is doing
immense business. He buys stoves by the car
load and is selling them at marvelously low fig
ures. When You come to town call and see him
and you VIII be benefited. u II
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE.

A IL PARTIES INDEBTED TO J. IT, WILL
N son win please call and settle as early as
possible, as this money must be had to carry on
the business. 15tf
GRASGEvILLE September 22nd 1887.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30

Back at lastl No more running around, but
viii confne myself exclusively to an Office
practice, where l can be found every day from
3 A. NJ. to 6 Pm. J. III. McCALIIE,
3lf. Dentist
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
BORN.

GREGORf.-ln Grangeville precinct Septem-
81 Der 26, 1887, to the wife of c. S. Gregory,
son.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPTIoN PROOF.

NOTICE FOR PRE-EMPTION PROOF
Conrad Gebhart, D. s. 3050
LAND OFFICE AT LEWISTON, IDAHol
s.r September Sth 1857
Notice Is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
tomake final proof in support OF his claim, and
that said proof will be made before Fred f.
Lucas, Clerk District Court, list Judicial District
Idaho Territory at his Office at Mt. Idaho, l. f.,
ON October Goth 1887, viz:
CONRAD GEBHART, d. s. 1850.
For the swl3 sec 81, tip 81, II r, W b IN.
He names the following witnesses to prove
his continuous residence upon, and cultivation
of, said land, viz:
Christian Waldman, Julius Delsol, Join Weis
and Augustine o. Johnson, all of Cottonwood
p. o. Idaho.
1919. FRANCIS +. PATTERSON, Register.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
DOLL TAX NOTICE.

DOLL TAX NOTICE.
Notice is hereby given that Poll Taxes are
Delinquent on the Second Monday in Novem-
Der, and If not paid at that time the sum of
Fifty Cents additional will be added, as by law
required JOHN N RICE
MI Idaho, l. T., Tax Collector Idaho
Sept. 26 1887 County, l. T.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30
NEW THIS WEEK.
A PPLES FOR SALE.

Good Cooking Eating and Winter Apples
cheap for cash or grain Fresh Cider made to
order Horses in stable to hay overnight 25
cents to hay and grain, so cents. One-half
mile east of Grangeville. J. ii. ROBINSON.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30

Stock Brands, with cut of animal, will be
published in the FREE PRESS for $40 per year.
Large cuts made to order and charged for ac-
cording to space occupied. Payable in advance.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-09-30

FOX,-On Salmon river this county. Sept II,
1887, Frank G. Fox, a native OF New York
state, aged about 30 years.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1887-08-06
q s..g,1alGllrla G'5AzsGi&ee
SATURDAY. EVENING, AUGUST 6.

SHUTTING OUT THE KNIGHTs.-R. Neu-
mann & Co., has been the first firm in the
leather business in Newark, N. j., to an"
nounce that hereafter its work will be done
only by non.union workmen. Mr. Clemens
Hetemeyer, one of the firm, went through
the shop one day this week and told the
men that he was about TO make the works
independent of the knights of labor. He
gave them to understand that he did not in
tend to make any change in hours or wages,
but that he proposed to conduct the bust
ness upon his own basis and according to
his own methods, and not at the dictation
of others. He said that ne was satisfied
with the men now in the shop, and would
require them to sign simple contract which
guaranteed the signer the same wages and
The same occupation he had been enjoying.
1t stipulated that the signer should give one
months notice of intention to quit the shop,
and the firm was bound by it not to dis
charge the workman without cause before
giving him months notice. Two shsvers
said they would not sign it, but would be
loyal to the knights, and they left the shop.
Their places were filled. The Leather
Manufacturers Association of Newark, held
secret meeting recently and it is believed
that Neumann & Co.'s example will be gen.
orally followed.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1887-08-06

A MOTHERS POIGNANT GRIEF.-Annie,
the nine.y ear.old daughter of James shaugh-
Messy, of Jersey City, was sent by her
mother on an errand on Thursday last.
When she returned she was crying, She
told her mother that Charles Clark, a saloon
keeper in the neighborhood, had assaulted
her. a. physician discovered her story of i'll
usage was true, and Clarke was arrested
and is now in Jail. Mrs Shaughnessey has
been acting strangely since she heard OF the
assault. She could not sleep at night and
in the day time she was continually talking
to herself about the case. Friday afternoon
she and her daughter Annie talked together
over the matter. The girl noticed that her
mother was more than usually excited, and
therefore went into another room. She re-
turned in few minutes and discovered her
mother with sheath knife in her hand.
Before the girl could prevent her she plunged
the blade into her throat. Annie ran into
the street and returned with some neigh
bors. Then Mrs. Shaughne.eey was lying
on the floor. Blood was flowing from two
gashes, and the blood stained knife lay by
her side She was unconscious. At the
hospital it was discovered that the wind
pipe mad been severed. Nevertheless the
physicians think she will get well. She re-
covered consciousness III the hospital, hut
soon afterward became delirious. She has
six. months-old infant.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1887-08-06

Successors to R. Fl. stablor)
DRUGGISTS AND CHEMISTS,
N. w. Corner King and Washington Streets
Dealers in Patent Medicines, Drugs Cigars and
Cigarettes, Fine Tooth Brushes, Nail Brusbcs,
German and Domestic Cologne, Hair Brushes,
sponges Flesh Straps, &c. Especial care given to
prescriptions jan2S-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1887-08-06

IL. OaiOhi p u. JJ'S w"
| VTIRGINIA: In the Clerks office of the Corpo-
| Y ration Court of the city of Alexandria, on
the 2Sth day of July, 1887.
| John Lynch VS.. A. R. White and J. Guilford
White. In chancery.
Memo. The object of this suit is to attach all
right, title, interest and estate OF a. z. White in
tho following property, and subject the same to
| the payment of debt amounting to the sum of
$3.50, with interest from July 10th, 1887, due by
note of defendants, to wit All that lot of ground,
with the improvements thereon, in the city of
| Alexandria, Virginia situated the south side
of Prince street, between Fayctte and Payne
streets, and bounded as follows: Beginning on
the south side of Prince street JAG feet 10 inches
east of Payne, and running thence west on Prince
street 18 feet inches thence south parallel to
| Payne street 100 feet to 1O-feet alley; thence
east on said alley IS feet inches; thence north
| in straight line 100 feet to tho beginning.
! The defendants, A. Z. White aud ]. Guilford
White, not having entered their appearance
and given security according to the act of AS
| sembly and the rules of this Court, and
| it appearing by affidavit that they arc not
| residents OF this State: 1t is ordered that the
said defendants appear here within one month af
ter due publication of this order and do what is
necessary protect their interest in this suit; and
that copy of this order be forthwith inserted in
the ALEXANDRIA GAZETTE, 4 newspaper published
in tho city of Alexandria, once week for foursuc
cessiye weeks and posted at the front door of the
Court House of this city. A copy-teste
JOHN s. BEACH, Clerk.
Marburv and Armstrong N N iv09 w4 w