davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15
EARLY CONVENT LIFE.

The Six Functions Laid Down by the Abe
lard Code in the Eleventh Century.
According to the code of Abelard the
convent was divided into six functions,
all alike subject to the direction of the
Abbess. The sacristan was response
BILE for the convent treasury; she kept
the keys, and had the care of the church
plate and sacred vessels; and it was her
duty to set the virgin sisters to prepare
the waters for the Host, which must not
be made by widows. The chantress
taught singing and reading, had care of
the choir and of the library, to which
she was expected to add by copying and
Illuminating manuscripts. The head of
the infirmary had charge of the sick
Another sister was mistress of the ward
robe, and responsible not only for all
the spinning, weaving and sewing nee
essary for the convent, but also for
the tanning and cobbling. The
eellarer had in her charge
the wines for the altar and the sick, the
provisioning of the table, and the man
agement of whatever the convent pos
sessed in orchards and garden land,
flocks and herds and hives, trout
streams and mills. Lastly, the door
keeper, who was especially chosen for
courteous manners, Judgment and trust
worthiness, was responsible for the keep
ing Of the gate, the entertainment of
guests and the distribution of hospital
ity. Life in the convent was not hard,
but monotonous, eventless beyond
description perpetual alienation of
broken sleep, repeated tasks and prayer.
In the middle of the night the sisters
rose for mathis, and the office over,
trooped back through the darkness to
the dormitory. There they slept till
lauds, which were sung at the break of
day In summer, when lauds were
early, the sisters slept again till prime
Atprime they left the dormitory, having
first washed their hands, and TAX
ing their books repaired to
Sie cloister to read and sing
until the Office should begin. Service
over, they all assembled in the chapter
house, whcr' lesson out of the Mar
tyrology was read to them and ex-
pounded. On leaving the chapter each
nun was seat to fulfil her allotted task
singing sewing, nursing or baking
until tn lour of Tierce, when mass
was said. They then resumed their
work till soon, the sixth hour which
was the convent dinner time, except on
fast days, when it was postponed till
nones, or in Lent, when nothing was
eaten till after vespers at four The
convent fare was simple and spare.
Save for the sick, no wine; stale bread
OF coarse flour; roots and greens, and,
at discretion of the Abbess, portion of
unflayored meat on Tuesdays, Thurs
days and Sundays. From the autumn
equinox till Easter, on account of the
shortness of the days, this one meal was
considered sufficient for all save the in
firm. -Fortnightly Review.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15
FRANCE AND POPULATION.
A Country Which Has Practically Ac-
cepted Nautilus Pet Theory.

A Country Which Has Practically Ac-
cepted Nautilus Pet Theory.
Nautilus avowed his desire for longer
life for the living. and fewer births for
the sake of fewer deaths. Had he
prophesied this for France it would
have been a wonderful hit, for there
the average duration of life has risen
from % to 81 years since the beginning
of the century, while the annual deaths
have fallen from 276 in 10000 to 223.
AT the same time the annual births
have also fallen from 318 in 10000 to
249, while the number of marriages
remains the same Thus it may safely
be said that the present apparent small
increase in the population -29 per
10000 annually, as shown above is
in real ty not an accession of new
lives, but chiefly "a postponement Of the
terminal on of old ones. Had the death
rate remained as it was in 1801-10 the
population would now be actually
diminishing at the rate of 81 per 10000
(276-249) The causes of the decrease
of the death rate are various, but not
complex. The advance of applied
melical and sanitary science counts for
oOiiiothiiSf anu bhO VI phO
production of meat, corn and almost
every thing else has brought greater
plenty and comfort. 1t is calculated
that the total supply of food from home
and foreign sources is fourfold what it
was fifty years ago, while foreign trade
has been multiplied by six. AS regards
individual wealth, M. Levasseur made
3 very cautious estimate, eleven years
ago, when he said it had more
than doubled since 1900. And with
all this the annual number of marriages
has remained stationary, and their
total, including the widowed,
falls far short of the English rate, be-
ing but 2,SO3 per 10000 against En-
glands 4,4SS. 1t is impossible to quit
this subject without word upon the
size of French families. The average
number of births to 10 marriages was
AZ. from 1901 to 1910; it is now but 30,
that is 3 to each marriage, and of
course one death among the three
would leave the population stationary.
Last year free schooling was voted for
the seventh child in every family that
had so many, and this measure resulted
in the disc overy of 2l3 such families.
lOI or which had more than Z, and
as many as ID children
each. The fourth fargard of the
Vendidad supports the assertion
of Herodotus q. 1860 that the ancient
Persian monarchs gave prizes to those
who had most children. In 1898 Pitt
brought in n bill for extending relief to
large fam lies. and Nautilus argued
against it that if by artificial encour-
agement \ government increases the
mouths without increasing the food, il
only brings the people nearer to starva-
ton; and though stalwart numbers are
strength. starving swarms are pat
ent weakness. But this style of argu-
ment can not apply to contemporary
France, whore the general individual
wealth and comfort are, as has been
shown, considerable and notorious. =
The Nnleteeath Cen'uru.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15
CURE OF PNEumnKrA
Hess ROAD, NIAGARA Co, N v
March d fSCa -

March "A, 1885.
About year ago was taken with a
severe pain in both lungs. 1 was first
attacked with violentchill, then a dread.
full pain and then a cough accompanied bv
considerable fever. 1t looked very mncb
like bad attack OF pneunionia- A, friend
OF mine procured Ave AtLcoCKss Pas.
TIERS One he put under each arm. one
under each shoulder blade, and one on NV
chest close around my throat In n few
hours the cough ceased, the pain gradually
abated and l broke out in a profuse per.
spiration. fell into profovndu sleeps and
the next day was almost well. | were the
Plasters eight days afterwards, didIhaSe
never had any trouble since. II Il 7
WILLIAM A. SAWED
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15
WHAT "OLp FRITZ SAID.

1t is an aphorism of Frederick the
Greats that Facts are divine things" An
undisputed fact is that DIR. Pierce's Gold
en- Medical Discovery" is the most power.
full liver vitalizer extant, and by it's char
acteristic and scar hing action will cure
dyspepsia, constipation, dropsy, kidney
disease, sick headache, and other maladies
which, popular opinion to the contrary
Notwithstanding, are directly traceable to
diseased condition of the liver, by which
it's work as purifier of the blood is made
incomplete. All druggists.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15

During the session of 1886 the United
States Fish Commission distributed over
90,O00,000 young shad in the various
streams and waters of the country, and at
an expense of less than $4,000. AS less
than 6 000,0 900 shad are taken for the mar.
ket in season, fifteen young fish were
moved
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15

"A granite state of General HalleeE
has been erected in Golden Gate sfk,
San Francisco.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15

The hearse in which the remains of Lin.
coin were conveyed to their last resting
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15

The schooner Lucy Harvey, which has
arrived at Philadelphia, was overrun with
centipedes on the voyage from Hayti.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15
Cheap Land!

SIOOO-Fortv acres In the Shasta Fruit and
Raisin Colony. Level clear vineland especially
adapted for raisins; good water easily OBJ
taired; wood cheap; no irrigation; annual rain
three miles to Cottonwood. Terms, $500 cash,
balance in four equal annual payments at
eight per cent. Circular free. GRIFFIN
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15

The Omaha anarchists attempted to as
sasinate the editors of Bohemian paper
in that city.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15
"OH! BUT I sALIvATED HIM.

Was the actual exclamation of an honest
physician, spoken of one of his patients
to whom he had given calomel for the cure
of biliousness and diseased liver. And
he had saliudted him for certain, from
which he never recovered. All these dis
tressing consequences are avoided by the
use of DR.. Pierce's pleasant Purgative
Pellets" a purely vegetable remedy that
will not salivate, but produce the most
pleasing effect, invigorate the liver, cure
headache. dyspepsia, biiousness, consti.
patton and piles. BY druggists.
Repeating rifles have been furnished to
one third of the German army.
Relief is immediate and a cure sure.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15

Relief is immediate and cure sure.
Piso's Remedy for Catarrh. 80 cents.
Idaho County free press. [volume] (Grangeville, Idaho Territory) 1886-current, 1887-04-15

TRY GERMEA for breakfast.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
GREAT FALLS TRIBUNE.
Horse.

The Northwest is full of good horses;
we have for years been importing the very
best Kentucky blood and can now furnish
to the market horses out of imported
mares and imported studs which can be
bought at reasonable prices who are ac-
climated and good for any service in the
country, that will rival the best eastern
horses. There is no mead for our horse
men to import horses here. 1t is noticeable
in the horses brought in here that the
purchasers seem to be attracted east by
fat. weighty animals instead of the quail
ty, and thus having to pay about 81 Il
pound extra to import them. We have
right in our midst some of the very best
horses in the United States; only q few
days ago $500 was paid to a party near
Helena for Montana yearling for impor
tation to California. There is no further
need of going east for horses when we
have this quality Of horses here, but if
buying east look at the bone and quality
Of the animal instead Of at the weight.
The horse industry will continue to in
crease and improve in this latitude where
the climate and country is so peculiarly
adapted to the business. Montana is des-
tined 10 rival Kentucky in the horse busi-
ness. The chief incentive to enter this
field Of industry will be the superiority of
the horses grown in this climate over those
grown in the States. The long journeys
that Montana horses are capable of MAX
ing and their wonderful powers Of endur-
ance will recommend them to our people.
Whenw claim for the Montana horse
greater endurance it is not the jingle of
idle words, but it is fact, proven to exist.
We have before called attention to the
powers Of our acclimated horses as dem
onstTated in the comparison OF the work
done by the American cavalry horse and
the cayuse Of the mounted infantry IN the
northern campaigns. Under our climatic
influences this stamina and endurance is
impaired alike to all classes from the cay.
use to the heavy draft horse and horses
grown here are bound to go to the front
where good service is required, and a
brisk market will thereby be created in
the near future.
The range horse business is in its years
Of limited existence and the pasture and
hav will be found to be of material ad-
vantage, and when that 6me comes the
business will be so inviting that men will
with each other vie to invest in the busi-
ness.-Stock growers Journal.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
Would RetaIiate.

One railroad president has expressed the
opinion that the railroads Of the country
should retaliate for the passage of the
Inter State commerce bill by combining
to create ruinous panic in the country
by doubling their rates to the seaboard.
Fortunately this view of the matter does
not prevail generally among railway off
cials, who are disposed to give the pros
pective law fair trial
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
Now is the Time.

Beginning on the 1st Of February ! vii.
close out everything in winter goods at
less than cost for 20 days only. | will
give special bargains in blankets, comforts,
Elder Down Jersey cloths, dress goods,
wool hose, hoods, ladies' and childrens
underwear, astrakhan cloak trimmings,
ladies' and children's hats and caps, winter
lined shoes. dress f1annels, silks, plushes
and velvets Big reduction in carpets.
All the above goods and many others
will be sold at cost and less for cash.
Twenty days only. Do otwait until toe
late, but buy while the goods are in season
c. P. Thomson, Central avenue Great
Falls.
Clothing made to order. Agency for
new Singer sewing machine. tt
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
GREAT FALLS, MONTANA.

maatmE sf nmhh ~ val ont
maHoNdt Hew# hh ER Hh
ueEn ramH HeUw~ % It h ] geographical
H
I@ Gree H
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
MIR. Larabie Recalled.

III. ". Andrews. of New York, has bean
appointed member of the Northwestern
Indian commission, vice c. F. Larrabee,
relieved and ordered to resume his duties
in the Indian Office The recall Of LARA
bee, casts no reflection upon that gentle
man in any way, although there has been
disposition on the part of some petty
clerks in the Indian Office to criticise his
position in what they were pleased to call
a ssoft snap Mr.. Larrabee is one of the
best posted clerks in the Indian bureau,
and he has heen found very necessary there
many times during his absence. It is not
unlikely that his recall is for the purpose
Of aiding the bureau to act intelligently
upon the treaties and agreements already
made, several of which have reached the
Indian office The Red Lake matter is
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

puzzling the Indian office considerably in
view OF the criticisms that have been
passed upon it in the Northwest, and some
member of the commission is much needed
here to help untangle the knetty points.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
Rich.

Some cowboys tell good story about
Jessie Hitson: They say that while on a
cattle drive through the Indian territory,
Jessie and his outfit were surrounded by
large band of Indians, and the attacks
of the Indians were so determined that
the brave Jessie made up his mind that
neither he nor any Of his party would ever
get out to tell the story Of their horrible
fate. So to leave some light on the cause
Of their disappearance he caught calf
prepared his branding irons and branded
on the side of the luckless calf:
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

Franz List was received into the Ma
sonic order in 1941, and remained mem
Der of it until his death. His case is re-
ferred to as remarkable, for his having
been a Mason and also a Canon and a
friend of the Pope.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

Postmaster Hendricks, Of Brooklyn, has
arranged to deliver stamps in any quantity
in all parts of the city by letter carriers.
The shipments of southern pig iron to
northern markets increase. During 1885
these shipments amounted to 1912 tons,
against 99,O5S tons for 1885.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

Nine Of the Wells Fargo & Co.'S stages
were stopped last year by highwaymen,
who cot but 81 900 for their pains.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

The slaughter of Holsters at Prince Ed
wards Island is something astounding.
There were exported the past season 81
900 cases, mostly to Europe, which in
1olHed the killing of 36.OOO,OO0 Holsters.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
July 4 '6s Indians
Hot as He'll
j II

By hard fighting the party drove off the
Indians and continued their drive, their
loss being only few ponies. -Four years
ago on the Pickett Wire the boys say they
found an old COW with the above brand on
her.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

Governor Foraker, of Ohio, has received
letter from an excited citizen asking au-
shorty 10 oaganize regiment of soldiers
with which to paralyze Canada if she
doesn't stop making faces at our flag.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

The excise commissioners of New York
CITY have decided to reduce the number
Of licensed drinking places, and have ar
ranged sliding scale to accomplish this
result.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19

A train of cars is now being fitted with
the Martin and anti fire car heater for the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
BRIEFS.

Ouida says: Marriage is only suitable
for the lower classes" Itseems about time
that Ouida was suppressed.
Great Falls tribune., 1887-02-19
DR.. H.H. WYNNE,
Helena, Montana,

Helena, Montana,
Eye, Ear and Throat Surgeon.
Recently attendant upon the large Eye,
Ear, and Throat Hospitals of Europe
Vienna, Berlin, Paris, London and Edin-
burg.
The eye, ear and throat special and
exclusive practice. Spectacles scientifi-
cally fitted to the eye. Catarrh of the
Nose and Throat successfully treated.
Office-Jackson St. 36-1y
Western cyclone. [volume] (Nicodemus, Kan.) 1886-1887, 1887-09-16

The Joint stock company asa ma&-
ing preparations 70 build
The 2OOtL addition Of ~ueIcn 5
Babies isjust being printed
The Festivals given Tuesday and
Wednesday evenings proved grand
success.
The Colby branch of the [. P. to
Colby will bg in working order by
Oct 1st.
S. 4. Boylan will move his stock Of
drugs in Fletchers store building
next week.
Don't fret about the Cyclone heging
for assistance from the Hill City
Democrat We don't need it.
Jessie. Lowery, is helping tie
Cyclone this week jessie Is first
class type setter and a Business man
thourghly.
Mindland College Will start out
with 125 students, nine in The French
man class, the best begin ing Of any
college in Kansas.
The new Brass Band under the
CAREFUL instructions Of j. G.. Lowerv
is fast improving. Nicodemus now
supports to bands.
Taylors barn is now repaired and
in much better shape than it was be-
fore it was rent-a-sundsr by the
Cyclone.
VIM. Patton, who lives ten miles
south of this place, in T. 8, +, 81 had
q terrible encounter with raltletnakes
about ten days ago. lie succeed ed in
killing sixteen Of them-Thomas
County Cat
The Millhrook Times man lies when
he says that the resolutions publis he'd
in his paper this week were adopted
at this snidy convention. The res
OlutiOns were not even read at THEN
meeting.
A local meeting Of the Homestead
ers Union was held at Webster on Sat
urday Of last week. A great deal of
interest was manifested and stirring
addresses were made by j. T. Lock,
F. ". Hiddleson, A. W. Frater, II. L
Oyer Eli Sherman, and others. Twcn-
tyone new members signed the con-
stitution. III spite Of the Vindictive
opposition to this society by the land
Office officials and the democratic
press, it is growing rapidly and will
soon embrace largo psrt Of the agli-
cultural population Of Rocks county
Rocks County Record.
Western cyclone. [volume] (Nicodemus, Kan.) 1886-1887, 1887-09-16
NOTICE FOR FUBLICAT ION.
Public OpeniOn.

FuOuc OpenlOn, gont 1Etb 1907
Graham, Co Kans. SEPT l0'n' 1901
Notice is hereby given that the fol
lowing named settler has filed notice
of HE intention to make fnal proof In
support Of his claim and that said
proof will be made before the County
Court On Nov End, 1887, viz.
County Seat Ring H. +. No. l.
for p. K. Lightfoot Section renegade
town Fsgah range south unlimited
He names the following witnesses to
prove his continuous residence Upon
and cultivation Of said land, viz H.
j. Harwi, Rocks county, Benz Bulldog
Graves. II. j. Fuller and j. H. Heaton
all of suspended proof, Graves addition,
Kansas. Political Honesty having
D. S. No. 10,O0l OF, above ere here ley
notified to appear at some time and
place or your D. S. viii be cancelled.
Graham People. Register.
Cyclone Att'T.
The b3odlers ca~ec down like a
wolf on the fold, And they scOoped
in the silver and greenoacks and gold;
From the town on the sand to the town
on the lea, they Taled in the Doodle
from A unto 4. The people mere
stupid and SILL and green, And the
boodlers the checklist thieves ever
sect, In the street, IN the office by
night and by dag, Che. grabbed what
they wanted rnd took it away They
laughed when the newspapers gave
their = blast, And thev winked in the
face Of the Judge rs Re passed. For
they knew. while this count should
be,peo0.cd with men That bood!eIs
who'd noodle. would doodle again.
The people indicted them bat then
all the same. 4rc expected . cleo.
ner bcodlers 70 tccD up the game.
From Narwi to Lightto3t-vhs '',a'
believes, rs tie fate o. his county
20 be governed By thi0ye- fe.;rocE
cts and gamblers thieves d'a4Aaris
md tonghs, Rartende-s aid -oLgbs,
Fopers ferces and liass, auA conf
dcnce men, We've eleotel to caice
aga,n and again. Ard well do IL
again; ven let people, Ta@-ee :
chance for the thief III the lari Of the
free; Long live Saint Harwi! \ P'edge
let US bo7ow. To the b ea tn OF good
MillbroOk, the righteous Gom"rrah.
Adopted form .Buulstt
Western cyclone. [volume] (Nicodemus, Kan.) 1886-1887, 1887-09-16

We are informed that the school
board has procured Prof Porter of
this coUny, to teach our first term of
school in our new schnol house. We
feel safe in saying that We Will have a
well conducted school for the first
term.
Elder 2. J. jackson has taken his
departure for the south again: and We
are compelled TO join with the greater
mum Der Of our citizens. and regret his
short st@y and his early departure.
Elder Jackson, is young minister, of
great ability anil speaks with power,
4 large gang of Rock Island gra-
ders passed through Edmond last Fri
day going north. 1t was reported
that they had orders 10 90 into camp
eight miles north Of here on the last
line suweyeyed through this county
by the Rock Island and known IS the
divide line. How true the report is,
or was, we are unable to say but it is
our opinion that they are to follow
the line into Phillips county.-Edmond
Times.
We again publish the only true ac-
count Of the snide bolt. fla certain
political leech does not like it he can
obtain relief.
The MiIibrooh What-Was-It.