davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

MAI OF BOPEo NihtIlNlA SA1E
Aug. 0, 1862, the battle of Cedar Mountain,
the first in Popes Virginia campaign, was
fought Sigel had been ordered to march to
Culpepper Aug. 8, but mistook his orders and
did not reach there till the afternoon of the
9th. That afternoon the battle opened with
an attack from Ewells division on Banks.
Banks held possession of a hill near Cedar
mountain Ewell planted battery on Cedar
mountain to rake the Union forces. Part Of
Ewell's and Jackson's divisions took position
on a ridge opposite the hill occupied 10y the
Federal troops. The battle began with a
sharp artillery fire at o'clock. A corn field
and wheat field lay between the two armies.
Jaczson's old troops, called sometimes "Jack-
sons own" sometimes the "Stonewall bri-
gadc," were commanded at Cedar mountain
bv Gen. Winder He was killed early in the
action. and his command devolved on Gen.
Taliaferro.
Cedar mountain is called by the Confeder-
ates Slaughter mountain. Banks men were
posted on the hill mentioned and on the plain
uear Cedar run, stream crossing the Cul-
pepper road The attack was ordered by
Stonewall Jackson, who, i'll his report, says
that, finding only a part of Popes army at
Culpepper Court House, he hoped, through
the blessing of Providence, to defeat it before
re-enforcements came up. In this fight jack
son had his own old division and those of Hill
and Ewell, nearly 5000 men in all, the best
and most experienced soldiers of the army Of
the Confederacy. Banks had less than 9,000
men, consisting of Williams and Augurs di-
visions, with Gordon's brigade, not quite
1900, posted as a reserve on the extreme
right.
Gen. Jubal A Early, c. s. A, took prominent
part in the battle of Cedar Mountain, having
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

ginia. They regarded his appointment as a
snub TO Mcclellan, i'll q measure, and re-
sented it in various ways, as was claimed.
Early in August, 1862, Gen. Mcclellan deter
mined, from his camp at Harrisons landing,
on the james, to make an attack on Rich
mond. Hooker and SedgwicH took possession
of Malvern Hill on the 4th, and made q re-
connoiSsance toward Richmond Officers
and men were in fighting trim and enthusi-
astic. But suddenly, the night of Aug. 4,
there came an order from Halleck for Nc
Clellan to leave the James, and withdraw
from the peninsula with his whole army.
Mcclellan demonstrated earnestly. Both
sides of the James were in his hands, and he
could now attack Richmond with good hope
of success. He begged to be permitted to do
SO. "Fighting Joe Hooker" indeed, tried to
persuade Mcclellan to fiatly disobey Hal
leck's order. You might as well die for a
sheep as lamb" argued Hooker.
TO McClellan's remonstrance against the
order Halleck telegraphed only: "The order
viii not be rescinded and you will be ex-
pected to execute it with all possible prompt
nessn
Accordingly, with a heavy heart, McClel-
Ian prepared 10 nIoVe bis army out of the
peninsula to Acquia creek and nearer Pope.
Ii Mcclellan and Hallcck had only known
il, Richmond could then have been taken
almost without blow, for by the 18th of
August that city had been nearly stripped of
troops.
Tie next campaign in Virginia was to be
fought in a region south and somewhat east
of where the last one Lad closed in the Shen-
andOah valley.
The reader will observe ON the map the
town of Gordonsviile, on the Orange and
Alexandria railroad. The Confederates We're
well informed as to Federal movements.
They early learned that Pope's forces were
concentrating near Gordonsvile. This was
a railroad center, and kept Richmond i'll COM
BunlcaLion with the region both to the west
ward and southwark, enabling it to draw
supplies.
Popo resolved to take possession of Cor
donsville. An order to seize IL and destroy
the railroads lad been given as early as July
II, but was not carried out.
To preserve GOrdOnSville Lee had hurried
division after division cf his army away from
Richmond TO that place. First jackson and
Ewell went, then A. ?. Hill, to protect Cor
louisville Jackson and Ewell went as early
as July Is. Aug. 13, just at the time Nc
Ciellan was Withdrawing reluctantly from
the James, the rest of the Confederate divi-
sions, Longstreet's and Hoods. and nearly all
Of Magruder's and Huger's, started to join the
main body at GordonsviIle. There was thus
a prospect for a large fight. The scene was
now to be changed from the ChickahoIniny
and the Shenandoah to the Rappahannock
and Bull Run.
Brig Gems. Buford and Bayard had com
mand Of POpe's cavalry.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01
BoIdness of BrigaDds,

The brigand season is at its height.
We are consequently confined to the
town, and, though surrounded by charm
ing country, obliged to pass the summer
in dusty, disease breeding streets. Only
persons who are notoriousIy not worth
capturing dare travel without a big
escort, even in the immediate neighb0r-
hood. There has been some severe fight
ing on the Santi- -Quaranto road, and two
troopers have already lost their lives.
Indeed, if the authorities do not speedily
grapple with the evil, we shall be in the
same wretched plight as last year. Then
the brigands actually tried to snatch a
bishop from dozen well armed cavalry
men, and were only beaten off after a
sharp and bloody struggle. Such was
the boldness of the plundering fraternity
that bands did not hesitate to come down
to the very edge of the lake and seize
victims in full view of the fortress. One
unlucky woman was pounced upon close
to her village home in the midst of o
score of people, and kept prisoner till
ransomed with $1,000. The spectators,
being unarmed, could not assist her. But
I will not trouble you with list of those
who have been carried up into the noun
tains. 1t is enough to say that the whole
district round about lies at the mercy of
the brigands. Cor. Levant Her
aid
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01
cHANTILLY, OR OK HILL.


The battle of Chantily was fought ON Mon
day, Sept. ], on ridge called Ok Hill, near
the village OF Chantily. The Confederates,
therefore, call this fight the battle Of OK Hill,
or Germantown. The ridge lies little north
east of Centreville, whittier the Federal troops
had fed after the defeat at Manassas, Aug. 80.
jackson pursued the retreatirg army toward
Centreville. He crossed Bull Run at Sudley's
ford the morning Of the 3lst. Pope had been
REINFORCED by Summers and Franklins ex-
cellent corps of McClellan's army. They had
come up from Alexandria Pope had now
G., 600 men.
The afternoon of Sept. the two armies
fought at Ok Hill, in the midst of a storm
which out thundered even the roar of cannon.
jackson had hoped TO reach Fairfax Court
House, in the rear of the Federal army, and
cut off its communication with Washington.
The battle was opened with an attack by
Stuart's Confederate cavalry. First the Con-
federates were driven back. Then they, re-
enforced, repulsed the Union troops belong
ing to Gen. lsaac |. Stevens division Of Rcno's
corps In this action Gen. Stevens, a gallant
officer, was killed Gen. Phil Kearney dashed
in to the aid of Stevens He was riding in
front of his soldiers so far that he had got
outside of his own lines 1t was growing
dusk Kearney asked of a soldier where a
certain regiment was. The instant he did so
be perceived it was a Confederate soldier.
He galloped away. But the soldier fired a
bullet after him and he fell. he died In a
few minutes. The Confederates sent his BODY
under flag of truce TO his own men next day.
Thick darkness closed the combat ON the
field of Chantilly, where there was bloody
fighting, but no victory for either side
The Union forces engaged in the battle OF
Ok Hill or Chantily were of the corps OF
Reno and Heintzelman. The Confederate
troops were chiefly those OF Stonewall Jack
son, among them the veteran troops OF Ewell,
Early and A. T., HILL Longstreet's advance
came up about the time the battle was ended
Pope's army suffered greatly for want OF
supplies during the three days fighting and
Immediately subsequent His cavalry horses
were especially used up. On the first day of
September he wrote to Gen. Halleck: "There
are not five horses TO n company that can
raise trot." In bis official report, made
afterward, he says that on the morning of
Aug. 30 when the battle OF Manassas was
fought, his troops had had little to eat for
two days. his cavalry horses nothing at all,
and had not been unsaddled for ten days He
also complains bitterly of the want of loyalty
to himself among the soldiers and officers OF
the Army Of the Potomac, occasioned by their
partisan feeling for Mcclellan, whom Pope
had partially superseded.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

~ 1861 He afterward saw much severe fighting.
He is now retired brigadier general, living in
New York city, and engaged in scientific and
literary pursuits. He contributed the volume
"Chancellorsville and Gettysburg" to the Cam
paigns of the Civil War"
In the battle of Groveton, Aug. 80, both
forces took up the fight which had been left
unfinished near Gainesville the night before.
Groveton was a village on the Warrenton
turnpike, which led to Alexandria. Grove
ton was near the center of the three days
fighting A little to the northeast of Grove
ton was the historic stream Of Bull Run,
whence the fighting grounds hereabouts
gained their name. Bull Run flows south
east and empties into the Potomac.
At the battle of Groveton, the 29th, Jack
son fronted nearly south, his left at Sudley
Ford on Bull Run, his right at Grovetop.
Sgers corps attacked his right at daylight,
and there was bloody fight there till 1880,
with varied result. Milroy and Carl Schurz
made fierce charges on the Confederate line.
Amid the conflicting accounts and recrimi-
nations which grew out OF the battle OF
Groveton, Aug. 90, it is hard to get at the
truth about that fight. 1t seems clear, how
ever, that Thoroughfare Gap was the key to
victory for Pope. 1t might be called a second
Thermopyle. Two brigades Of Federal
troops could have held it against ten times
their number. 1t was the mountain pass to-
ward which Longstreet was marching with
his whole heavy division, and through which
he must pass to join jackson at Groveton.
If the pass had been well guarded be could
not have gone through it. Then Pope's army
might have defeated Jackson before he was
REINFORCED 1t was what Pope planned to
do. He expected Longstreet's coming. In
an order issued the morning of the Goth, he
mentioned that by tomorrow night or next
day" Lengstreet would be upon them.
Gen. John Bell Hood, Of the Confederate army,
was a Kentuckian, born in 1881. He passed
through the course at West Point and served in
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

COL FLETCHER wEDsTER he was killed.
By the morning of Aug. 30 the last of Lees
forces had come up. He now had 30, 900 men
ready for action. Pope had 10000. At $50
on the night of the 29th Pope sent another
order to Fitz John Porter to be present at
daybreak with his corps. He obeyed this
time, except two of his brigades, that miscoil-
strued orders and marched TO Centreville and
remained there all day. The rest took brave
part in the fighting 1t was terrible battle.
There We're roar of artillery, a crash of
musketry and exploding sheas, the neighing
of horses, the shouts of soldiers and then the
groans of wounded and dying, till the waters
Of Bull Run ran with blood.
Pope believed the Confederates were re-
treating, and at noon ordered pursuit. A
sudden discharge of artillery that shook the
ground told Lee that the battle had begun.
As TO lighting, 1t was repetition of tho day
before. As to the end, it resulted in the do
feat of Pope. His soldiers We're driven back
across the east side of Bull Run and retreated
to Centrevile. There were, however, in
stances of heroism that day which have
never been exceled.
Heintzeman's corps was on the extreme
Federal right in this battle Next to him
came Reno, with two divisions of Burnside's
corps, and next Sigels corps The left wing
was almost at right angles to the right and in
the rear. IL consisted of McDowellis and
Porter's corps and Reynolds Pennsylvania re-
serves.
This was the order of fight on that disas-
trous day for the Union troops: Butteriield's
brigade made IA gallant advance, supported
by Sykes regulars At the same time Reno
and Heintzelman attacked on the right
They were joined afterward by Reynolds
Here the Confederate left held by Jackson
was Longstreet. who went to his aid, drove
back the Federals with fierce fire from two
batteries, and then charged upon them.
AS Buttertield advanced ON the Union left
the woods suddenly seemed alive with men in
gray. Col, Warren, with two regiments,
tried TO hold the place Reynolds vacated
when he went to the right He was over
whelned by Confederates The Federal
troops fought gallantly, but, outnumbereCt
two to one, what could they dor Porter's
corps went into that bloody fight with not
quite 1000 men. When it came out and drew
back across Bull Run there were not 5000
left. The center Of both armies suffered most.
In the fighting of Aug. 2S, % and 30 the
Union troops lost ll,o00 men, the Confeder-
ates about :, 400.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

marches. They had travelled fifty miles in
two days with only green corn and apples to
eat. Many of them limped along barefoot.
Yet there was not u straggler, and they were
ready for fight.
By the evening of Aug. &c the advance of
Jackson's men were at Manassas Junction on
the railroad which supplied Pope A great
number of supplies was there, which the Con-
federates destroyed after getting one square
meal" out them
Hooker was at Bristoe Station, seven miles
from Manassas, and Fitz John Porter was at
Warrenton junction, nine miles away, with
4,50O men. They were the advance of Pope's
army. That general had become aware of
Jacksons movement, and had decided to
march his whole army to Manassas and
Gainesville
By Aug. q Gen. Pope had got reinforce
ments to the number of not quite q, 600 men
from the Army of the Potomac. They were
of the flower of that army, including Fitz
John Porter's corps, with his troops of the
regular army, under the division command
ers Moreil and Sykes. Gen. Reynolds was
also there with his division of the Pennsyl-
wanna Reserves Gen. Meade was one of the
brigade commanders
Longstreet was following jackson, mean
ing to flank Pope on the right while Jackson
attacked the rear. He was marching rap
idly, pressing toward Thoroughfare Gap.
His position as well as that of jackson was
extremely ticklish. If Pope could fall on
them separately, before Lees whole army
could come up, then each would be cut to
pieces. The greatest watchfulness night and
day was observed On the morning of the
29th Longstreet observed that his brigades
were being suddenly halted on different
roads. With no apparent reason they
stopped and remained stock still, although
he was hurrying them forward at the top of
their speed. In towering rage he rode for
ward to find out the reason. He was told a
courier had brought orders from Gen. Lee
directing the army to halt.
Where is that courier?" demanded Long
street
"There, galloping down the road" said
brigadier.
"Overtake him; bring him to me-" cried
Longstreet
He was halted and brought back
81 must be off to the rear, y said the courier,
endeavoring to go free; Il have orders for
Longstreet"
II am Gen. Longstreet," said that individ-
ual. "Where are your orders2"
| The man turned deathly white and did not
answer. He was Union spy.
| "Give this man ten minutes and hang him, ~
| thundered Longstreet "Let the columns
| push forward Immediately"
The columns moved on. But when they
did so they left behind them man in Con-
federate gray hanging to a roadside tree,
dead.
Gen. George Sykes, brigadier general Of volun-
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

wheat field over which they had come. Pope,
who was coming up with Ricketts, division
just at dark, met the retreating columns.
The battle line was formed anew then, and
jackson, who was in pursuit, attacked once
more, but was met SO vigorously that he
desisted, and bivouacked on the battle field
In the battle of Cedar Mountain Brig Gen.
s. w. Crawford made upon the Confederate
left heroic charge, which has become ia
nous.
The battle of Cedar Mountain was bloody
one. The Union side lost in killed, wounded
and prisoners over 1900 men, the Confeder-
ates less than 1, 400. 1t is noted for the large
number of officers killed and wounded on
both sides.
After this battle neither army moved for
two days. On the 11th the dead were buried
Then Jackson with his army retreated south
across the Rapidan toward Orange Court
House, and Aug IA held divine service, in
which he gave thanks to God for the victory
at Cedar run.
Gen. John Buford took very active part in
directing the cavalry movements of Popes Vir-
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01
SECOND BULL RUN.
Story Of Gen. Pope's Campaign
in Virginia.
ITS QUARTER CENTENARY.
Hot Figh ling from Cedar Mountain
to Chantilly.

The Campaign Begins at Cedar Noun
tain, the 9th of August, 1S62-It Ends
with Pope's Retreat to Washington,
September 1-Fighting Every Step of
the way--The Three Days Battles at
Bull Run, Gainesville, Groveton and
Manassas.
1t was quarter of century ago on June
IS that Maj. Gen. John Pope was appointed
to command the Army of Virginia. The
scattered forces Of Banks, Fremont and
Mcdowell that had been demoralzed by the
movements of Stonewall Jackson in the
Shenandoah valley were to to be united into
one army, the Army of Virginia, and put
under one head. That head was Gen. Pope.
There were three corps under the COM
manders named. Fremont resigned when
Pope was appointed, and his corps-the First
was given to Gen. Franz Sigel. Banks COM
manded the Second CORPS Mcdowell the
Third. The three contained altogether not
quite $4,000 men. But one marked feature
of this Army of Virginia was the great num-
Der of stragglers connected with it. After
the second battle of Bull Run Pope himself
complained of it and said half the great
diminution of his forces there was caused by
''straggling and skulking from the army"
Gen. Gordon i'll his book, the "Army of Vir-
ginia," remarks of one corps that its mem
bers sel;iom reported i'll full except at meal
time. The cause Of this want of discipline is
hard to trace.
Pope was western man of large stature
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

fioers during the war, as brave and willing as he
was modest He served in Pope's campaign and
with the Army OF the Potomac continuously, dis
tinguisling himself in many severe fights He
was at Antietanl, Gettysburg and elsewhere, and
was once severely wounded At this time he was
a brigadier general.
Toward the last Of the year 1868 this brave sol
dier and accomplished gentleman was sent to
take charge of the cavalry in the Army of the
Cumberland He parted from his old command
in the Army OF the Potomac and started west,
with O. major generals commission awaiting him.
But just before he reached his new headquarters
he was stricken with typhoid fever and after a
very brief sickness died. His illness was brought
on by exposure and toll in the Army of the Poto-
mac. The very last day of his life, Dec 16, 1883,
almost in the moment death was upon him, the
mails brought his commission major general
Flo held it in his dying hands, and smile of joy
and qualification lit his face. Then, gently lay
ing it aside, he soon ceased to breathe"
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01
To Melt Gold.

Gold will only melt at a comparatively
high temperature, as we all know, but
what is not generally known is that if 2
per cent. of silica be added to the gold it
can be melted over the flame of a COM
mon candle. From the same source the
reader may learn that pretty alloy, said
to resemble gold exactly, can be made
with sixteen parts of copper, one Of zinc
and seven of platinum. The copper and
platinum are covered first with borax and
then with powdered charcoal and melted,
then the zinc added, and the alloy thus
produced is exceedingly malleable and
can be drawn into the finest wire, while
1t never furnishes. es.-Jewelers' Journal.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01
Flannel Shirts Becoming Popular.

1 have noticed of late that the wearing
of neglige or flannel shirts is becoming
quite popular even for the streets, Law
yers and business men generally can be
seen on Fulton street these warm days
dressed in blue and white shirts, around
the collars of which are polka dot or red
neckties. A few years ago anything but
a white shirt and collar for city wear was
thought to be vulgar, In the country it
was permissible to dress as one pleased.
What can be more comfortable ON hot
day in August than a loose fitting blouse?
Those who don't wear one know little of
the comforts of summer spent in the
city Rambler in Brooklyn Eagle.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01
a grandson of the Rufus


ericksburg, Groveton, Manassas, Yorktown and
Fairfax After the war he was again minister to
Rome. He died in 1876.
At midnight, after a march of twenty
miles, jackson and his men biyouacked at
Salem, near Thoroughfare Gap, on the rail-
road jackson had forbidden his soldiers to
shout, but whenever they caught sight of him
in his faded uniform and old yellow cap they
sent up roaring cheers, and he could not stop
them.
At daylight they were on the march again
Thoroughfare Gap was undefended by Union
troops, as they had hoped, aud now they were
ready for Pope on the right or Washington
city on the left. Jackson's men had per-
formed another one of their extraordinary
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

bVLDIEfIo HUNUMENT AT HULL nun.
Before the 30th Pope had sent TO Mcclellan.
at Alexandria, for horse feed and supplies for
his cavalry, Gen. Mcclellan sent him back
word that the supplies would be forthcoming
aa soon as Pope sent a cavalry escort for
them.
Gen. Pope says, in his report: at was not
until after received this letter that began
to feel discouraged and nearly hopeless OF any
l was charged"
In the night Of Sept l, Immediately after
the battle Of Chantllly, the Union army re-
treated to Alexandria and the defenses about
Washington. Lee pursued IA few miles and
then turned TO new fields
AT bis own request, Gen. Pope went back
west. Gen. Mcclellan became again COM
mander of the Army of the Potomac, which
lncluded also now the late Army of VIRGINIA.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

close be was engaged in making government
surveys till the outbreak of the civil war.
As typographical engineer he did consider
able experimenting in the line of boring arte-
sian wells to obtain water supply on the
arid western plains.
In 1861 he WAS made a brigadier general
of volunteers, and the district of Northern
Missouri was placed in his charge. After
ward he commanded the Army of the Missis
sippi In March, 1862, he was promoted to
be major general Of volunteers. From these
experiences he was called east in June and
placed at the head of the Army Of Virginia.
He was to reorganize and consolidate it. In
July he became a brigadier general in the
regular army.
At the close of the campaign, which is the
subject of this chapter in war history, in Sep
tember, 1862, Gen. Pope requested to be re-
heved Of the command of the Army of Vir-
ginia and so back west. He was permitted
to do so, and received back his old command
in the northwest. He is now retired from the
regular army.
Gen Irwin Mcdowell commanded Pope's Third
t.nrrs in Virginia He was born in Columbus, o.,
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1887-09-01

gfnla campaign. lie
belonged to the ia
nous Buf or DIS of
Kentucky, a family
noted for furnishing
a number of soldiers
to both sides during
the civil war. Gen.
Buford was born in
1896, and was a grad
uate of West Point.
Like a horse loving
keutuckian, he en-
tered the cavalry SER
vice OF the United
States army. He was
ono of the most. ucp-