The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1887-05-28
The Thirteen Colonies.


the colonies was the settlement at
Jamestown, Va. by the English in
1907, under Captain John Smith.
Massachusetts was first settle at
Plymouth by company of Separa
fists from England. They landed
December 81, 1920. New York was
first settled by the Dutch, who estab-
lished colony on Manhattan Island
In 1923. They called the colony New
Amsterdam, but it received the
name New York when taken
possession of by the English in 1864.
Delaware was first permanently set
tied by the Swedes, who built fort
near the mouth of Christiana creek
In 1888. The Dutch had established
a colony before this In 1880. near
Lewes, but the Indians had Destroy
ed it, They continued to lay claim
to the country, however, and con-
Quered' the Swedish settlement in
1866, and it passed also into the hands
of the English in 1864. The first set
Element in Pennsylvania was also
made by the Swedes, who planted
little colony at Chester in 1913. The
settlement of the colony proper,
however, began in 1851, with col
ony sent out by William Penn who
brought another company himself in
the following year. Their first settle
ment was on the site of Philadelphia,
this city being laid out and named
by Penn in 1858. The first settlement
in New Jersey was made at Elizabeth
in 1864, by Puritans from Long
Island. The first settlement of New
Hampshire was made by the estab-
lishment of two fishing stations at
Portsmouth and Dover in 1923, by
Massachusetts colonists. Connecticut
was first settled by immigrants from
Massachusetts at Wethersfield, in
1884. The Saybrook colony sent out
from England settled at the mouth
of the Connecticut River in 1856.
Rhode Islands first settlement was
at Providence in 1886 by Roger Will
Hams, who had been driven by per-
secution from the Massachusetts COL
ony. Settlement was begun in Mary
land in 1884 by Leonard Calvert,
brother of Lord Baltimore, who
founded colony near the mouth of
the Potomac and called it st. Mary's.
These settlers were Roman Catholics
who had fled from prosecutions in
England. The first settlement in
North Carolina by an English colony
sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh in
1885, had been failure. A small
colony from Virginia had pushed
down the coast and settled the north
ern coast of Albemarle sound, about
1850, but the first colony was formed
by a company from Barbados, which
settled near the Cape Fear river in
1865. South Carolina had also an
early settlement by the French, at
Port Royal in 1862, which proved a
failure. A permanent settlement was
made by an English colony near the
mouth of the Ashley river in 1870.
Georgia's first settlement was by an
English colony under James Ogel-
thorpe in 1873. The governments of
these colonies had each certain pecu-
liarities, but they may all be divided
for conveniences into three classes
the charter colonies, the proprietary
colonies, and the royal colonies. The
charter colonies were Massachusetts,
Rhode Island and Connecticut. These
had charters from the king, which
gave them the power to elect their
own officers and govern themselves.
James II succeeded in altering the
charter of Massachusetts 80 as to take
from the colonists the election of
their principal officers. The attempt
was made to deprive Connecticut of
her charter at the same time, but
failed. The proprietary colonies were
Maryland and Pennsylyania-includ-
ing Delaware. These were given by
the king to proprietors or owners
who formed governments in them,
gave charters to the colonists. defin-
ing their privileges, and appointed
governors for them. The royal COL
onies were New Hampshire, New
York, New Jersey, Virginia. North
Carolina, South Carolina and Geor-
gia. These had no charters, and
their governors were appointed by
the king. Nearly all of them were
proprietary governments for a short
time at first. but were given up by
the proprietors because of the diff
Guilty Of sustaining them.