davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
SEALING LETTERS.
The Methods Successfully Employed From
the Remotest Antiquity.

The Methods Successfully Employed From
the Remotest Antiquity.
How were letters sealed before the
invention of gummed envelopes? In
one of the last numbers of Ic Licre.
Mr.. ;. Blondel has an interesting arti-
cle upon this subject. in which he de-
scribes all the methods of sealing tEet
have been successfully employed from
the remotest antiquity. The first seals
consisted of a ring that was affixed to
clay or bole. and later to chalk or c,sta
dSfdticd, mixture OF pitch. wax aud
plaster. The use of wax did not begin
to become general till the Middle Ages.
Beeswax, rendered yellow by time,
was the first material used. Then
came sealing wax mixed with white
substance. Red wax began with Louis
VI, in lll3; and green wax made its
appearance about the year 1863.
In the thirteenth century, yellow.
brown, rose, black and blue were added
to the foregoing colors. Black wax is
n rarity met with in the seals of the
military religious orders.
Among the ancient, ring seals were
used not only for sealing letters, but
also, as small locks were not common,
for scaling caskets and chests that con-
tanned valuable objects; and they We're
even employed for scaling the doors of
houses and apartments.
Under the first empire. people began
TO make waters. which were brought
from Italy by the soldiers and officers
of the French army. These waters
were cut with punch out of thin leaf
made of flour. Finally gummed enve-
lopes gradually began to replace seal
ing wax and waters nearly everywhere
The first envelopes, which were manu-
factured in England, date back to 1870
The machine for folding them was in
vented in 1913. by Messrs. Edwin Hill
and Warren de liz Rue. and in 1S49 was
so improved by the latter that il was
capable of folding and cumming 5000
envelopes per hour. Since 1850 the
annual production of envelopes has
been greatly increasing. and there are
now being daily manufactured in Paris
alone l,500.0 900.
As regards the seals used by certain
famous individuals when the use of wax
was in vogue, lie Lirre gives the fol-
lowing information:
Goethe, after his return from Italy.
almost always sealed his letters with an
antique head. such as that of Socrates,
Minerva or Leda. The astronomer La
lan's seal had a ship engraved upon it.
and Meyerbeer's had Tyre, with the
legend, always in tune" Victor
l.s.1 -. l.. A. II.
sale of his effects in 1852, Arsene Hous-
saye bought seal with the initials V.
IL. so arranged that when inverted
they formed the cipher A. H.-La Sci
eIsce en- Fdnille
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Three separate Sources from Whlch the
Enormous fapal Revenue Is Derived.
A foreign diplomatist accredited to
Rome gives the following account of
the present Pope's income and what he
does with Il. The Pontilical revenue Is
derived from three separate sources.
The first is the interest of an enormous
sum left by Pope Plus TX. to the Papal
treasury, which interest produces some
$600.0O0 The capital of this IL In
vested in English Government funds.
Contrary to what some persons might
imagine, Leo XIII. Is great speeu-
lator and subscribes TO all the Italian
loans. When the latter rise he sells
out and invests the profits in English
consols. To the revenue left by Plus
IN. must be added sum almost equal
IN amount furnished by the Peters
Pence Fund, which, however, has hlllen
of of late years. This constitutes the
ordinary budget of the Holy See as
distinguished from the extraordinary
budget The latter is derived from a
third source. and is supplied 10y the re-
ccipts of the Apostolic Chancellery.
The collation. of titles of nobility, dee
orations, blessings in articula morris,
altar privileges, private ehapels. eccle-
siastical titles such are few of the
items which go TO make up the extra
ordinary budget. IL amounts To an
average of $50O,0 200 per annum. and
serves to make up the private purse of
the Sovereign Pontiif. and on which
he relies 10 exercise his generosity.
Mill ha oil -.
vate budget of the Pope is thus
derived, in great measure, from
the satisfaction Of human vanity. The
ordinary budget of the Holy See. which.
rs stated above, amounts To 81. POO. 900
per annum, is distributed by the major
domo of the Vatican among the Canli-
nails residing in Rome-abnut IS, 900 a
year each-the prelates of the Papal
court. the secretaries. the nuncios, the
Pontitical body-guards, etc.
Ii is denied that Leo XIII. Is avari-
cious. On the contrary. no Pope ever
gave more, his Holiness keeping moth
ing for himself. As for his table, il re-
sembies that of poor country curate.
His clothes cost him nothing, being
supplied by tile faithful from all parts
of the world. and he scarcely keeps a
penny To enrich even his own family.
The dowry he gave to his favorite
nephew, the handsome Camille Pecci,
did not reach $50, 600, while as for the
presents he gave the bride. they were
of the poorest kind. On the other hand
he spends a great deal in raising
the prestige of his court, In creating
schools, relieving the poor and main
tanning the Catholic press. He gives
large subsidies to papers which support
his policy. but they must be entirely
subservient To him.
As vet he has not touched a penny of
the annual allowance of 5000. 600 ac-
corded 10 the Vatican under the law of
Papal Guarantees, passed when Victor
Emanuel took possession of Rome.
The annual income has gone on ac-
cumulating throughout all these seven
teen years, and now reaches AN enor-
nous sum. The Italian Bishops and
clergy are paid by the Italian Govern
ment since the death of Plus Nm y.
Mai md Express.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
TROuRr.E apFAn

When the appetite falls and the sleep grows
restless aud ni refreshing there IL trouble
ahead. The digestive organs. when healthy.
crave food. the nervous system. when vigorous
and tranquil. gives its possessor uneaslness
at night. tonic. 10 be effective, should NOT
be mere appetizer, nor are the nerves to be
strengthened and soothed by the unaided ne.
tlnn Of n sedatiye or narcotic. What Is re.
quired II medicine which invigorates the
stomach and prunotez assimilation of food
by the system, by which means the nervous
aysieni. ns well ~ other parts of the physical
organism. are strengthened. These are the
effects of Hostettcr's Stomach Hitters n medI-
cine whose reputation IL founded firmly IN
public cDniidence. and which physicians COM
mend for It's tonic. anti bilious aud other
properties. II "a used with the best results IN
fever and ague, rheumatism. kidney aud
uterine weakness and other nialadieH.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
PORT WINE MARKS.
How Expert Surgeons Remove These Dis
celebrations Without Leaving "a Scar.

How Expert Surgeons Remove These Dis
celebrations Without Leaving "a Scar.
Dark discolorations. occurring in
patches upon the face or neck. known
as port wine marks" are very disfig-
uring. and require removal occasional
IL. These arc present from birth
cause unknown. When small they
may be cut out or removed by the use
If chemical corrosives or by the gal
sanic cautery. When large, the opera
ion devised by DIR. Squire. an English
surgeon, is preferable. His method is
% freeze the skin 10 be operated upon
by the spray of ether; then with sharp
knife. such as is used in the operation
for cataract of the eye, make parallel
superficial cuts or scratches through the
skin, about one-sixteenth of an inch
apart then pressing a piece of blotting-
paper over the part before it is thaw-
al, in order to absorb the blood which
will flow slightly from each of the cuts.
Clots would form i'm each if this were
not done, and interfere with the heal
ing process. In abo ut five minutes the
dow Of blood ceases.
The scratches should not go through
the entire thic&ne s. of the skin, and
they heal without leaving any scar.
Next day he repeats the process. MAX
ing the second set of scratces diagon-
ally 10 those first made. A thi rd one
may be required The parts must be
we'll frozen, so rs to make the opera
ion painless aad to prevent the
liow of blood until the blotting-
paper can be applied. This
must be firmly pressed upon for about
i've minutes, and the pressure must be
perpendicular to the surface. 1t should
remain in position for ut least half an
hour, then thoroughly wetted so that
it can be removed without exciting re-
newed bleeding. After short time all
blood still adhering should be removed
by means of washing with a camers
hair pencil. then glycerine should be
applied over the surface. DR. Squire
mt first made his incisions perpendicu-
lar to the surface. but has recently de-
vised an instrument that makes num-
ber of ob',lue incisioas all at the same
time. When carefully done the dis
coloration is completely removed and
no scars remain.--St. Louis Globe
Democrat
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
fouRIH OF July az

The four arrest and finest, most novel
and best managsd q displays Of GreicorI =
ever produced were those at the Centen
nial at NewburRh, New York, October *.
1879 the Presidential Inauguration at
Washington, ID. G. March 4, lss5: the
Bi-Centennial at Albany, N. Y July 2
leeO, and the unveiling of the Bartholdi
Statue of Liberty IL the City Of New York.
November /, 1870, aud were manufactured
and fired by tae Unexeelled Fireworks Co..
the largest manufacturers in the world
Day iirem ork-, night fireworks and water
fireworks. William Beck & Son, agents
tx and l6l Second street, Portland, Ore
gon, Send for catalogue No. Z.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
vLneg and saIl vii elean copper.
ALWAYS KEEP THE UPPER HAND OF
DISEAkF

Changes Of temperature are apt TO cause
dangerous sickness; In the fnll.blooded
apoplexy Is TO be feared. When you have
"A pain the head, feel dizzy, feverlsh. rheu.
matte or siek at the stomach take AT once
three 10 ten Of BRANngfH's PILLS. Such
slight affections are only the harbingers
of disease or sudden prostration. and the
thing Ia do Is TO master the trouble at
once. Never let little ckness get the
better Of you. Drive IL out OF doors i'm.
mediately. Let there he no compromise,
always have with yen box Of BRAND.
nErHs PITTS, aud you are prepared TO fight
the worst form of sickness In its In.
eipIcncy.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
a LETTER
From Tho Mother oi Miss Jessie E3onesleeis.

Rochester, N. Y, April 20, 1880.
GENTLEMEN :-lt is with pleasure add
my testimonial TO the many well-known
cures which your most excellent remedy
has effected. For more than two years
was great sufferer with rheumatism,
being scarcely free from pain during the
Sime. l found no relief until procured
Dr. Pardee's remedy, and IL cured me
completely. IL iB now two years since
discontinued its use and | have had no
symptoms of the disease since. know
from my own and from the experience OF
many others also, that II will cure any
case oil rheumatism or neuralgia.
am, very truly yours,
MRS. III. S. BONESTEELE,
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
Syracuse. N

Syracuse, N. Y.
GENTS I'll have been troubled with
rheumatism for three years, at times
very badly afflicted was In that condi-
tion about two weeks ago, when | got
bottle Of DIR. Par,iee's Rheumatic Rem
edy, and In three days time was greatly
relieved, and have not been troubled
with u since | finished this bottle. /
feel like recommending il in the highest
terms, as believe 1t will do all that is
claimed for L.
Yours truly,
JOHN BLODGETr,
02 Madison Sc.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

He was del'ided.-It is not expedi-
ent in carrying on conversation with
colored persons, to use words that are
not clearly within their range of COM
prehension. An Austin waiter told a
Boston man at hotel that in Eastern
Texas white man had married negro
woman. ''Was he not derided?" asked
the Bostonian- ''He was, sab. Dey
rided him out of town on a rail. -
TeIdS ISiftinqs.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
A LUCKY MAN.

"A lucky man Is rarer than n whi e
cow" says Juvenal, and we think he
knew. However, we have heard of thous-
ands of lucky ones and we propose TO let
their secret out. They were people broken
down ln health, suffering with liver, blood
aud skin diseases, scrofula, dropsy, and
consumption, and were lucky enough
10 hear Il and wise enough To u q
DIR. Pierces Golden Medical Discov-
cry, the sovereign blood purifier, tonic
and Alternative OF the age.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Decline OF man or woman,
Induced by excessea or bad
practices, speedily and radically cured.
Book dllustrated). 10 cents I'm stamps.
Consultation free. Worlds Dispenanry
Medical Association, Buffalo, N. Y.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

There II an unwritien law that The
President shall not go to the theatre on
Good Friday night. President Lincoln
was shot ON Good Friday, and since then
the President has nos been seen at the
theatre ON that day.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Rev. VIM. /. Haven, son of the late
Bishop Haven. has been selected super
intendent of the Bulgarian Mission by
the authorities of his church
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
A BoEAEzA NINE

OF health Is 10 be found I'm DR. r.. v
Pierces "Favorite Prescription. 10 tn,
merits OF which as n remedy for female
weakness and kindred affections thous
ands testify
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Dr. J. William White Sr., professor of
physical sfience at the University of Phil.
adelphia, has issued an order prohibiting
students from using tobacco III any form.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

II IL agreed that the finest pork made In
the world Is that OF the Madeira Islands
where the swine live principally ON nuts.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Under the Provisions Of the In.
terstate bill Palmer a. Iiey can sell you
type, presses and printing material lower
than any other hsuse.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

"fsrowB's bronchial Troche...
are an eifectual Cough Remedy. Sold only
in b0res. Price 20 cents.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

II IL now possible To construct com.
plete sewing ma hlne In minute, or sixty
In one hour.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Fay no ErcIgbts. Palmer & Rey
manufacture their own type, aud having
no freights To pas they will not advance
their prices.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Palmer n neey manufacture their
own goods, and can sell % per ceat. lower
than any other house.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Bu ter is the best polish to put into
starch.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

GENTLEMEN ~ think the medicine
prepared by the Pnrdee Medicine Com
pany is in fact the best rheumatic med
icine now on the market; its equal IL
not known. My boy only six years old
was confined 10 his bed with rheuma-
tism got IA bottle Of tire medicine and
IN few days he was out OF bed and
playing around the house. | can cheer
fully recommend this medicine 10 all
rhaufn afip auifprara
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
READ rHis CAREFULLY.

Piso's Remedy for Catarfh Is agreeable
to use. IL Is not liquid or a snuff. 50c.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
]. K. PERRY, Shoe Dealer,

Ask your druggist for DIR. Pardee's
Remedy and take no other. Price 81
per bottle; six bottles, IS.
Pardee Medicine Co.. Rochester, N. Y l..
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
Soda yin eIean larnIshed tIn.

When Baby was sick we gave her Castoria.
When she was Child. she cried for Castoria.
Wien she became Miss. she chung TO Castoria.
When she had Children. she gave them castoria.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03
QApViCSkin and Scalp preserved and bcauti
DhDl y He'd by CuTIUURA MEDIcATED soar

70 fA'16ss Q 40 1''. !As hfeitnTfke IraiiHg e
EfsenSS and sBs rsiefcf Nfr. and ffssf n der llI
riai'sr 10 de. fAeaSa'iaS laaies eisdy fesfy.
Ithas sioodthe test oftwent years in relieving perio-
cal pain, promoting regularity of Seasons and bsushng
weakness, baekache aud consequent nervous distress
Probably no other woman in the world receives sc
many 'leiters Of thanks Lydia l.. Pinkhau, OF
Lynn, Mass. Mrs. p Of Enfield, " H. SAYS:
81 will simply say that your veEe,ablc Compound is all
YOU recommend i, to be. II kes ieAe ne IFeyki4 Of
od." Another lady writes from Ottawa as follows: Il
have just to-day boughtthe seventh bottle OF your Ve
table Compound have used two boxes OF Pills and
eral packages Of your Sanave WASH and think Il but
night tell you how much coed derived from your re
eines. Thy are a rcCnlsr Ceg-scEa. All the pains
and aches have almost disappeared my stomach is much
stronger and feel myself improved every way"
Price sI. sold BY all DruExfst~.
The Lebanon express. (Lebanon, Linn County, Or.) 1887-1898, 1887-06-03

Every aud woman young old, this Coast.
that II afflicted with disease matter what, that
their fsiuy physicsn d9ea not understand cannot
cure should write full description af their Igue 10
Dr Forden get s train and visit him Hh IL pro-
gided with every instrument bf surgery and the hest
plrdieinea ~ be had fgf motley Consultations free
Honest opinions given reasonable charges All
puDdence strictly confidential Enclose stamp Address
W u. fDRDES, NJ u offices. 8, aud u, First Ma.
tlonai flank. Portland. DrrEon.
Rupture Permanently Cured.
No surgery Work every day guFca guaranteed
Address Dra. FuitDEN LUTHER. Offices s. and y,
First National nank. Portland. Dfegun.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1887-06-17
Do the Little Things.

l am fast coming to the conclusion that
it is dong the little and apparently unim-
portant things about the farm that adds
largely to the profit at the end OF the year.
Never before have given so much atten-
ton to them as now, and the results of the
beginning made last year told upon the
credit side of the books, and is helping
even more this year. A few hours more
spent in the preparation of the land may
make great difference at harvest time
even if it is not apparent long before. A
little extra work may sometimes make the
difference between profit and loss, the
work more than paying tor itselfin the in
crease. The best part Cat harvest) OF my
corn field last season was portion that
received an extra hoeing after the corn got
waist high. Ordinarily we should have
said it would not pay, but the corn was
noticeably better, partly, at least. owing
to that last extra hoeing. This simply as
an illustration. and not that would advo-
cate much hoe work in corn as rule. On
large farm, where several hands are
employed, find it pays to keep one or
two hands busy at the little odds and
ends, repairs, etc.. which are apt to be
neglected when the work is driving.
Make repairs as soon as needed.-W. z.
BISHOP, in NeW England Homestead.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1887-06-17
EXPORT Trade in Apples.

The following facts concerning the ex-
port trade in American apples are based
largely on the facts contained in A. G.
Lombards circular, and are of interest to
the apple growers of this country. The
total exports of apples from the United
States and Canada in the year 1869
were 81 ,4l0 barrels. In the year 1885
the exports were $685. 1915 barrels, and the
year previous the aggregate was 787, 785
barrels. The largest exports within eight
years were in the year 1S80-S1, 1,32S, S06
barrels, while during the year 1884 the
exports dwindled to 81 ,532 barrels.
During the past year, 1861 Boston
shipped 306 500 barrels of apples, New
York l75.771, Montreal 106,703. Portland
102.764, Halifax 97.474 and Annapolis
22,005 These figures show large fall
g-off from the previous year in the New
York shipments. and large gain in those
from Boston. Montreal, Halifax and
Annapolis. Nova Scotia shipped nearly
three times as many apples the past year
as during the previous year.
The largest weekly shipments during
the year 1SS6-S7. made from Boston to
all points, was on Nov. 6, 1886, aggre-
eating "a. 353. The largest shipment from
New York to all ports was made Oct. %,
1886. and aggregated 1861 barrels. The
largest shipment from Portland to all
ports occurred Nov. 81, 1886. showing a
tote of 10,032 barrels. The largest re-
ceipts at Liverpool during any one week.
from all ports, were on the week ending
Nov. 20. 1886. when 36,527 barrels were
received. To Glasgow, from all ports,
the largest weekly receipts occurred on
the week ending Nov. 6, 1886, aggregat-
ing 81 $50 barrels. and to London from all
ports, the largest receipts occurred on the
week ending Dec. 4, 1886, aggregating
2S, 997 barrels. The average weekly ship
ments from Boston during the three ship
ping months of October, November and
december. were IS. O37 barrels from New
York 9.4l0 barrels, and from Portland
5,263 barrels.
Sixteen per cent. of the shipments OF
apples to London went by the way Of
Liverpool. The season OF export for
1861 opened Aug. IA and comprised
thiry-six weeks. The season OF 1885 sc
opened Aug. 80 and comprised thirty six
weeks, aud the season of 1884 IS opened
Aug. 16 and comprised thirty-nine weeks,
During the past export season for apples,
the Warren Line OF steamers made
twenty-nine sailings to Liverpool, the
Cunard steamers thirty-three sailings to
the same point. and the Leyland twenty.
one sailings to Liverpool. To Glasgow the
Allan Line of steamers made twenty. one
sailings during the past season and the
Anchor Line three sailings. To London
the Anchor Line made three sailings and
the Furness Line seven sailings.