The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1887-12-30

In 1887, there were, according 10 the nest
information obtainable, S53 strikes, the de-
tail Of which are not available. fhe report
shows that during the six years, New York
had the largest number Of establishments
affected, both by strikes and lockouts, being
for the former 9,247, and for the latter 1,523.
The total number of employees involved in
the whole number Of strikes for the entire
period was 1,3iS,624; the number Of en-
ployes originating strikes, 1,020,832; the
number in all establishments before the
strikes occurred was 1,662045: while the
number employed in the establishments In
v0lved after the strikes was l 1,636, 247; loss
of 25,798. There were 103,03 new employees
engaged after the strikes. and 81, ,4S3 brought
from other places. In 2,182 establishments,
lockouts were ordered during the period. In
these there were 173,995 employees before the
lockouts, and 100, ,436 after, the number actu-
ally locked out being 159,548. There were
1896 new employees secured at the close OF
the lOckouts, and 5,682 brought from other
places. New York, Pennsylvania, Massa-
chusetts, Ohio and Illinois represent "a. "a
per cent of the whole number Of establish
ments affected by strikes throughout the
country, and $3.50 per cent Of all the manu-
featuring establishments, employing 58 per
cent Of the capital invested in the mechani-
cal industry of the United States.
OF q, 1856 establishments in which strikes
occurred, in 1892 or S2.12 per cent. the
strikes were ordered by labor organizations,
while of 2182 establishments in which lock-
outs occurred, in 1853 or S0.34 per cent. the
lOckOuts were ordered by combination OF
managers. OF the whole number of estab-
lishments temporarily closed for business
13, 443 or go 10 per cent. were closed on ac-
count of strikes. On account OF lockouts
62.60 per cent. were closed. The average
duration of stoppage. on account Of the
The results of the strikes. as far as gain
ing the objects sought lis concerned, are as
follows: Success followed in 10,407 cases,
| or As 80 per cent. of the whole; partial sue
| cess in 1904, or 13.45 per cent. of the whole
| failure in 500 cases, or 39.S9 per cent Of the
whole. BY lockouts, 564 establishments. or
| 25.S5 per cent Of the whole. succeeded in
gaining their point 100 or 8. n per cent part
iy succeeded 1905 or $3.50 per cent. failed
crease of wages was the principal one, being
49, per cent. The other leading causes were
for the reduction of hours, 19.45 per cent. !;
against reduction of wages, 40 per cent, !;
for increase OF wages and reduction OF hours,
l.57 per cent. against increase Of hours, 50
per cent. total for five leading causes, T.S3
per cent. all other causes, 22.17 per cent.
Disclaining absolute accuracy, the report
gives the losses TO employees and employers
resulting from strikes and lockouts as fol-
lows: Losses to strikers during the six
years, S5l, ,Sl6165; loss to employees through
lockOuts, IS, 132,717; total wage loss, $751;
94S, $50; average loss, S2,445 to each estab-
lishment or nearly $40 to each striker. As
sistancc given to strikers in the same period
was s., ,057; to sufferers from l0ck0uts,
81, 10, ,53S; total, "a, 430, ,593 These amounts
are undoubtedly too low. The employers
losses through strikes were $50, 732, ,65S;
through lockouts, S34322 26l, the total
amount involved being S34, ,164, ,914.
The chief burden Of the strike was borne
by 13 industries, viz: boots and shoes, 352
establishments brick-making, 478; building
trades, 6060; clothing, 172s; cooperage, 4S4;
food preparations, 1419; furniture. 491 ;
umber, 395; metals and metallic
goods, 1895; mining, 2060; stone, 468; tobac-
co, 2959; transportation, 147S. These repre-
sented 1895 per cent. of the whole number.
In the lockouts, five trades bore so per
cent of the whole burden, as follows:
Boots and shoes, 155 establishments: build
ing trades, 5Sl; clothing, 773; metals and
metallic goods, 76 tobacco, 226 total, 1861.
Besides completing the field work for this
report and the compilation of the lnf0rma-
tion, the bureau has carried on almost to
completion the investigation begun last
year concerning the moral, physical and
economical conditions of working-w0men In
the great cities, and continued the investiga-
tion into the cost of distribution OF the
great staple products. The bureau has also
undertaken, according to Congressional in
structiOn the collection of marriage and di-
vorce statistics in the United States, re-
port which may be submitted before the
close Of the present session OF Congress.