davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
RUSSIAN USURERS.
How They Cypress the Poor, Struggling
 and DespOndent Peasantry.

How They Cypress the Poor, Strugglin g
 and DespOndent Peasantry.
 Russia is fast verging toward land- lordism in its most pronounced form. and the people are being divorced| wholesale from the soil which their| fathers titled and by which alone them selves can live. In another generation, at the present rate of progress (or| degredation), there will be on one side' an agricultural proletariat of sixty OrI seventy millions, on the other a class' of koulaks and ''mir-eaters," holdingi all the land and virtually owning those by whom it is cultivated. The present. system is based on the bondage of the peasants. Koulaks (usurers) and land lords lend their money, taking as se7 curity the hypOthecatiOn of the borrow- CTS future labor, and once in debt thd Russian peasant is never free. He bel comes the bond-slave of his creditor who exacts his pound of flesh with Shy lock ferOcity.
 But the debtor, when his creditor is landlord, has simple yet effective way of averaging himself. He works as littl( and intellectually as he knows how. Th' free laborer does twice as much ana does it a great deal better, and for thi evil there is no remedy except one tha is worse than the disease it is meant cure-a well-paid Overseer for ever bondageman. For the peasant who working off a debt does not fear dis missal-wants it in fact, and the gov oIl fn tho but itself The bOuldk, or local usurel is in better position than the big lano lord. A peasant himself, he works the fields with his bondsmen, and ca sea that they work. Being, mor1 over, a man of importance the village, he is naturally mol feared and better served than the al sentee owner It is obvious that undo these conditions agricultural progre and scientific farming are quite out the question. Bondage labor is cheapt than any other, cheaper even tha machinery. Besides, who would i vest money in labor-saving machin' when he can lend it out at two or thr' hundred per cent. per annum- So comes to pass that land owners al usurers grow rich, cereals are exportf and the peasants die. Hardly ye passes that parts of Russia are not vastated by local famines. Instanc of anthropopo hagy often occur, wretched peasants being reduced such straits that in their desperati' they eat human fesh-literally prey each other.-Cor. SGN Frdncls Chronicle,
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
NATURES BEAUTIES.
On the Rio di sOmno. Brazil. at the Dawn
 of Morning.

On the Rio di Somno. Brazil, at the Dawn
 of Morning.
 The soft tones of the dawn of q fine morning fell alike upon field and flood and tinged all creation with its rosy hues. The rich-colored banks glowed with the warm light that made the dripping leaves of forest, the ferns and flowers of the shore, all flash and spar kle like jewels. On the river, here and there, patches of rising vapOr partly obscured its sheets of cleaning gold, until gentle breeze carried away the mist in the faintest of clouds. The fish splashed in the misty waters; gay blue-bronze king-fshers darted from their perches on the bleached skeleton trunks of stranded snags; while herons skinned the waters with wide outstretched wing; clouds of noisy, chattering parroquets flew by, numerous small birds twittered and chirruped, and in the woods the roar of gudTibdS, or bowling monkeys, echoed and re-echoed from cliff to cliff of the banks. It was picture that even in the absence of personal comfort one could gaze upon with delight, and all nature seemed to welcome the rosy dawn and pure, fresh air after the bois- terous, darKsome night.-JanaeS ". Wells.
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
Some Useful Hints About the Culture oi
 This Charming Plant.

Some Useful Hints About the Culture of
 This Charming Plant.
 This charming race (Pyrethrum sin e,sSe), which may justly be considered everybody's flower, from its easy cul- ture and it's wide adaptability to soils and localities, is especially valuable for coming in at time when approaching winter denudes the gardens of their ac- customed ornaments. Indeed, it seems almost smoke and frost proof, and will struggle on against both drawbacks with the perseverance and resolution that brave spirit encounters difficult ties, blooming during intervals when ever open weather permits till its pe
 riod of duty IS accomplished. Under the shelter of glass, of course this is not interfered with, but warm house is not required; indeed, it is rather against the welfare of this plant. The chrysanthemum has undergone sim liar improvement to that which has attended so many other favorite plants. New types have been introduced, and new varieties have come to the front. Of all these, however, the Japanese are unquestionably the creme de la creme. As to their treatment, it is worth while noting that the taller varieties succeed well trained against a wall, and in that position, being somewhat sheltered, continue to flower later than in the open ground. For indoor blooming in pots. it will be most advantageous for amateurs to purchase compact little plants about to come into flower. But where any of the dwarf kinds are not already in bloom in the borders, same may be taken up with good ''ball' and dropped into pots (nOt too smalD already prepared, with crooks for drainage, and rich loamy and sandy soil about one-third up the pot for the ball to rest upon. Then drop the ball into the pot with as little dis turbance as psSsible, and fill in firmly with the soil already named. Water with tepid water, and keep the plants close for a few days. If this operation be carefully done, the plants will re- ceive no greater check than will pro- tract their towering for short time which is one of the advantages of such a procedure. To increase a stock of favorite varieties, young suckers from the roots may be taken after the bloom ing has entirely ceased. Let them be potted singly in small pots of sandy soil, and placed in gentle hotbed in frame, or kept in warm greenhouse if such be at command. As they grow they must be shifted once or twice, ac- cording to circumstances, and will be fit to plant out or potted on if intended for that mode of culture. e.-LOndon
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
WINDS AND WAVES.
They Are Slowly But Surely Washing
 Away Historic Cape Cod.

Away hlSJOrlc tape COu
 The winds and waves are slowly but surely working changes in the shore line of the Cape. Scientists claim that Cape Cod, from the highlands of Truro to the end of Long Point, was washed up from the sea. A look along the shores reveals many changes during the past decade. Pawet harbor, at Truro. which in old times was busy place, accommodating a large fleet of fishing vessels, has so filled up that it is almost impossible to enter with a five-ton fishing smack. The low-water mark is gradually moving down from the bank along the entire shore. The little shoal off the end of Long Point, at the entrance to Provincetown har- Dor, over which twenty years ago were fifteen feet of water at low tide, has gained in height until now eight or nine feet is the average low water. In the cove, at the west end of the har- bor, the low-water mark has moved about eight hundred feet farther from the shore during the past fifteen years, caused mainly by the dry sand blowing off the hills and at low tide filling in the flats. At point a short distance from Wood End Light the tide has gradually cut in, until now, at eX- treme highest tides, only about twenty feet of dry land remain between the waters of the bay and harbor The northerly and easterly gales do the most damage, and are aided by the ..la Nbo T., that Sh nr from the banks are spread out, increasing the dangerous bars, some Of which eX- tend half a mile from the shore, caus- ing so many wrecks and making Cape Cod one of the most dangerous points in the world. The famous Peaked Hill Bars, three miles east of the Race, in crease more rapidly than any other point. While the sands are being washed seaward, the wind is also sweeping them landward in large quan- titles, covering the bushes and trees. It is estimated that the sand hills have moved downward three-quarters of a mile in the past dozen years. At Highland Light the high cliffs are gradually washing away The aver age yearly waste is nearly two feet, ana It IS Only question Ol IlLne WHeH all the lighthouse buildings will have to be moved inland. The buildings have beeI rebuilt twice since the light was first established, ninety-seven years ago, and the site of the first lighthouse has entirely disappeared. At point just north of the light more than thirty feet of the surface have washed into the sea during the past two years. This gradual washing away is continued along the coast to Chat ham, At Nausett Lights the bank is disappearing, if any thing, more rapid ly than at any other point Around Chatham the low, sandy beaches are yearly disappearing beneath the waves, and Chatham harbor is nearly spoiled by the sea breaking through.-Boston Transcript.
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
GALLEY SLAVES.
Their Deplorable Lot in the Early Days
 of the Eighteenth Century.

Their DeplorabIe Lot in the Early Days
 of the Eighteenth Century.
 The life of the French galley-slaves of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has been thus described by Admiral de la Graviere: "They place seven men on each bench; that Is to say, in a space ten feet long by four feet wide. They are so packed away that you can see nothing from stern to bow but the heads of the sailors. The captain and the officers are not much better of. When the seas over take the galleys, when the north wind howls along the coast, or when the sirocco dampens the passengers with its deadly moisture, all these make the galley perfect hell. The lamentation of the ships company, the shrieks of the sailors, the horrible bowling of the cOnvicts, the grooming of the timbers, mixed with the clanking of the chains and the natural noises of the storm, produce an effect which will terrify the bravest of men. Even the calm has its inconvenience. The horrid smells are so powerful that you can not with stand them, despite the fact that you use tobacco in some shape from mOrn- ing till night.
 ''COndemned in 1701 to serve in the galleyS of France on account of being q Protestant Jean Martelle de Bugerac died in TIT at Galenburg, on the Gueldre, at the age of ninety-fve. He seems to have had (to use a common expression, though quite in place here) his soul devoted to his body All the convicts, he says, are chained six to bench; these benches are four feet apart, and covered with bag stuffed with wool, on which is thrown sheep skin. The overseer, who is the Juaster of the slaves, remains aft, near the captain, to receive his orders. There are two sub-overseers-one amidships; the other on the bow. Each of them is armed with a whip, which he exercises on the naked bodies of the crew. When the captain orders the boat off, the overseer gives a signal from a silver whistle which hangs from his neck. This is repeated by tine two others, and at once the slaves strike the water. One would say the fifty oars were but one. Imagine six men chained to a bench, naked as they were born, one foot on the foot-rest, the other braced against the seat in front, holding in their hands an oar of enormous weight, stretching their bodies out, and extending their arms forward into the backs of those before them, who have the same attitude. The oar thus advanced, they raise the end they hold in their hands, so that the other end shall plunge into the sea. That done. they throw themselves back and fall on their seats, which bend in receiving them. Sometimes the slave rows ten, twelve, even twenty, hours at time, without the slightest relaxa- ton. The overseer, or some one else, on such occasions, puts into the mouth of the unfortunate rower a morsel Of bread steeped with wine to prevent his fainting. If, by chance, one falls over (which often happens), he eis beat en until he is given up for dead, and then he is thrown overheard without ceremony. ."-InteT7or.
 .
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
The Preferred Creditor.

"Mine fren'," said a Georgia mer- chant to a drummer who used to frolic with him, after the former had compro- missed all around at forty cents on the dollar and gained year to wind up the business, I'm goin' ter make of you er-vot you call hierm- -brevered creditor. How vas dot?"
 Thanks, old fellow, thanks! knew you wouldn't go back on me. How are you going to arrange it?' The mer- chant led him aside.
 "Vell," said he, closing one eye, 'I want to tell you rite now that nobody vas gointer git darn cent outer dis pizness."
 And you call this making me pre- ferred creditor?" The drummer's eyes could have been knocked out with q stick.
 Wy not? You know all aloud it now, but dem udder vellers won't fine id out fur CT year. .'-Macon (Ga.) Tele- grdph.
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
WORTH KNOWING.
How to Prevent the Deterioration of the
 Skin After a Blow.

How to Prevent the DiscoIoratiOn of the
 Skin After a Blow.
 Take little starch or arrow-root, and merely moisten it with cold water, and lay it on the injured part. This must be done immediately, so as to prevent the action of the air upon the skin. However, it may be applied some hours afterwards with good eff fleets.
 I learned this when resident of France. It may already be known here, but have met with none among my acquaintances who seem to have heard of it. The old remedy, raw meat is not always at hand, and some children have an insur- mountable repugnance to let it be ap- piled. always make use of the above remedy when my children meet with an accident; there is nothing unpleasant in its use, and it keeps down swelling, and cleanses and facilitates the healing of scratches when the little ones fall on the gravel in the garden. n.-Jour1eGJ ot Chemistry.
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08
VOLUME XVI.
THE WISHING BONE.

stood with Kit,
 The roguish chit, Beneath the lamplight in the hall. The feast was o'er-
 The opened door Invited us unto the ball.
 She dropped her head SAnd softly said: T took this bone from of my dish; Will you join me
 And break to see Which of us two will have the wlshf Her blushes came,
 And mine the same, The while wish and fates invoke That may dare
 Some day declare My love-The bone it bent and broke. culprit stand
 With bone in hand The fragile thing is now undone. And pretty Kit,
 The roguish chit, She softly said: Your wish is won" "Ahi pretty maid.
 I'm sore afraid I'll have to tell my wish to you. wished that
 Might by and by Declare my love as lovers do." "And wished just the same thing too"
 II. s. Keller, in Judge.
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08

A CdsSeUs Magazine correspondent says that undue proportion of animal food renders one more liable to infam- matory troubles, whether acute or chronic, and is injurious to those sub ject to rheumatism.
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08

-Thompson-Suppose a man should call you a liar, what would you do? Jones (hesitatingiy)-What sized man? Pittsburgh Dispatch,
The Arizona sentinel., 1887-01-08

The only Unitarian Churches in the South are in Charleston, New Or leans and Etlanta.-M o. PicdVaRe.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-06-23

bodies, I was told. and they have sira.
been organized into acounty Alliance
with MI. T. Ivey as President NJ
Ivey promised to give our readers tbo
benefit of his experience, and so sban
leave that to him. It was trulv on
couraging to see how enthusiastic and
hopeful all the farmers I met seemed
And they have much cause for benz
so. Il have not seen such excellonf
prospects for a glorious harvest ANY,
where this year. The wheat, oats and
corn are very fine, especially the corn .
and the cotton, in some sections I
learned, was beginning to bloom
From Ashpole to Plainview the cronc
we're exceptionally fine. Unless soma
unfavorable season shall visit tbem
the! farmers of.Robeson will have q
most gratifying yield this year.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-06-23

nized as a grave crime, and should be
punished by law. The South produ-
ced a little over 5000, 900 bales Of
cotton in 1885, and yet the value of
80, 900, 900 bales, exchanged hands in
the cotton exchanges Of this country.
Some years before his. death Ed
ward: Everett; the heightened, and
pure-minded Statesman, delivered an
address before the New York" State
Agricultural Society, in which he re-:
ferred to gambling in breadstufs as
follows; q, q -
In acknowledging, rs [ do most
cheerfully, the important relations Of
city life and commercial pursuits to
the entire social. systems Of the coun-
try, leave of course out Of the account
Il have no words but Of adherence
:for-the organized conspiracies, swim
ding and plumber which, exist side by
side with the legitimate transactions
of the stock exchange. 1T is not one
of the least perplexing anomalies OF
modern life and manners, that while
avowed and thus far honest gambling
If [ may connect these words-is
driven by public opinions and the law
to seclude itself from observation with
in carefully tiled doors, there to fool
away hundreds, perhaps thousands
in secret-discredited, Infamous,
blasted by the anathemas of deserted,
heart-broken wives and beggared chill
dren, subject at all times to the fell
swoop. of the police-the licensed
gambling Of the brokers' board is car
ried on in the face of day, its preten-
ded sales of what it does not own, it's
pretended purchases of what it does
not expect to pay for, are chronicled
in the public prints to the extent OF
millions in the course of the season,
for the cruel and dishonest purposes
of frightening innocent third parties
into the ruinous sacrafce of bona fde
property, and thus making a guilty
profit out of the public distress and
the ruin of thousands.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-06-23
GOOD CARE PRODUCES GOOD
SO STOCK.

- - -"
This self-evident TRUTHS brought to
mind by the experience of a couple OF
farmers of our acquaintance. They
had planned to 60 to an auction at a
distance to buy some thoroughbred
calves. Henry went but John did not
go. Henry returned with two nice
looking calves which he had bought
not at the auction, but of a neighbor'
the poorest. of which he sold to John
(who thought it was a thoroughbred)
for 500. This spring having taken
most excellent care of the calf, when
was developing into a very promising
anfaQal, Farmer John declined to take
S2O0fQr it, w~hereupon Farmer Henry
returned him the $10O1paid and e1.
planned. how he had bought the CAL
from theif neighbor's herd. Inc
moral of this story is that if Farmer
John had given as good care to hls
other stock las he did to what he sup.
posed was d thoroughbred, the other
stock would have done just as we'll
Farm and Home.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-06-23

healthy animal, and $40 for each<one
infected with the disease. Commls-
sioner of Agriculture has issued a
notice as follows:
.The attention of all persons IS
called to. sections 6 and Z OF the act OF
Congress, approved May 20, 1884, es-
tablishing the Bureau OF Animal In
dusstryy, which sections make it a mis-,
demeanor punishable by a fine OF not
less than 500 nor more than $4,000,
or by Imprisonment for not more than
one year or by both such fine and I'M
prisonment, for any, transportation
company or. person to, receive Tor
transportation, or to transport, or to
idrive, from one State or Territory to
another, any live stock affected with
any contagious, Infectious or commu-
'nicabfe disease, and especially pleuro-
pneumonia; or 0 rany person or per-
sons to deliver such affected live stock
to any transportation company. sSt~~
.AA reward of SSllO0 will be- paid to.
any person giving Information. to the
chief of the. Bureau Of Animal Indus
try that results in The conviction of
any person for a violation of section I. 6
and I Of the act Of Congress of May
20, 1884" Country Gentleman.
We clip the above to show our read
ers, that this fearfully fatal disease,
may make it's appearance in u State
any day and to admonish them to be
very careful in purchasing cattle of
all kinds, that are brought to our
State. We cannot be too cautious
when we see that it has found it's way
into the herds of a County in New
York, where the cattle are valued at
$1,000, 900, despite all the vigilance
that was used to prevent it. This dis
ease among our cattle would be indeed,
a great calamity.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-06-23
NORTH CAROLINA SHOULD BE
THERE IN FULL FORCE.

Questions Of magnitude and of vital
Importance to the progress and de-
velopment of agriculture in the South,
will engage the attention Of the At
lanta Convention. \Every farmer in
the South is directly and vitality in
terested in the consideration of these
questions -and/ in the conclusions
reached. And they should interest
themselves to see that they are prop
erly represented in that body. Es-
pecially should North Carolina be
there in full force, and we hope to see
very many of our progressive and
thinking farmers from all parts of the
State, in that convention, in addition
to those appointed by the Governor,
as delegates. No convention has ever
been held in the South, having in
charge, issues of higher magnitude
and involving results of so great and
direct Importance. Let every county,
at least, be represented, and by it's
best men. If it is found that for any
reason a county is not to be repre-
sented, the clubs in such county should
take hold of the matter and select and
send a delegate.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-06-23
PULLING STUMPS.

After the crops are laid by, the
farmer will use his time in clearing
up. At request, a friend has sup
piled a description of a successful
plan for pulling stumps. He writes:
"I will be only too glad to give you
all the knowledge atamy command,
though I have none about stump
pullers, strictly speaking. From my
experience, and I have had a good
deal, I think God put stumps in the
ground to stay there, not to come out,
and if there is any easy way to take
them out, [ have not found it.
We take them out by cutting off
all lateral roots with axe and grub-hoe,
a spade is a great help. To do it
properly you cut a trench around the
stump, cutting each root off twice, and
all but n as close to the stump as
convenient, that me is left a little
longer to catch the chain against, to
prevent slipping around the stump.
When the stump is weakened by this,
we twist it off with lever and chain.
Experience alone will teach when it is
weak enough to twist. Our lever is
of some tough wood black-gum is
good, eighteen or twenty feet long,
some six OF seven inches at the butt,
used round just as it, grows. The
chain is made of 5-8 round iron, and
[ think it is about eight feet long,
perhaps more, (larger the stump the
longer the chain required) with large
ring at one end to go over the butt
end of the lever. Trim the lever to
fit the ring, and put in afspike tokeep
it from slipping off, with a hookaat
the other end this shape ID to. IN
hook easily Hitch mules or oxen at
the little end of the lever, fasten on to
the stump, and pull around in circle,
to the left is best. PracticeawiH soon
teach how to ,ffasten the chain around
the stump I1o 8
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1887-06-23

I The agents of the National Bureau
of Animal Industry are engagedm a
vigorous stamping-out Of this terrible
the northernetowns of West
chester County, N. Y, just above
New-York City, The disease ICON
.veyed by a drove of western mich
cows was first reported in March, and
Investigation showed the urgent need
quarantine which has been declared,
forbidding the transportation of cattle
from one farm to another, or into or
outsof the county, without theconsent
of the agent Of the 9g~overnmenH
There r 80, 900 neat cattle IN West
chester Conntyavalued at$1,,20D, 0eo,
and the virtual ,paralyzing of thisffm-
dustry is a serious matter. SevFral
hundred head have been-slaughtefeds
the-gevernment paying $40 for efch