News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1886-04-29
" Hiding in Turkey.


Shp OF from five to eiobt wears. Car
pentery and masonry are distinct and
separate trades. We will suppose you
WISH mouse built. You 90 to the sEbOss
cdl pehter present to him your plan and
ni!Ne your contract.-but previous to
tniS you must get an official permit from
tne government to build. He will take
the JOB by the day and charge YOU about
Twelve plasters, silver, day for himself
ana from three to eight piastres for the
oIher nailds. A plaster is a trifle more
t'i''ii iour cents. He will make all the
purchases OF wood, stone. etc. and pre-
seilC Cile Dlils to you. He will engage
Ghe hiasonS and oversee them. In fact. |
he will assume all racnonsihilitv Rut
you must not be deceived by this; he
must be constantly watched. for in little
hetails the turkish or Armenian carpen-
yer Is very careless. [ am inclined to
Chlh6 that if native of this country
were TO look from one hill to another a
mile away he would look around curve.
lt would be against his principles to look
StralSht. So, | say, you must watch
NM Tor his eye is defective. If he saws
wlGhln an eighth of an inch of line he
calls lG saving on the line. You engage
MN TO be on hand on Monday morning
AFTER the stone are secured. He will APP
IL
rise with some ten or twelve hands,
mostly boys. We need not follow the
laying of the foundation. 1t will be
strongly laid in lime mortar, deep and
broad, and perhaps continued up three
OF Iour feet above the street. Some hOuS
es are built entirely of stone, but we as
sumo you are not building one of this
kind. While the wall is being laid the
boss" will get the timber together. He
Will purchase this in the log and have it
sawed by hand, mostlYon the spot where
1t Is needed. To do chis. log is placed
on frame seven feet from the ground. |
One end of this frame is movable. so it |
can be pushed backward and forward |
A man mounts the log in his stocking
feet and another takes his place under i
meath. The log is chalk-lined. The saw
is about five feet long and set in frame
like an American jig-saw. The man on
the log stands facing the end and grasps |
the upper end of the frame with both |
hands. The man beneath faces the one
above and pulls down with both hands. |
So they saw. cutting with the downward |
stroke, and will make more lumber i'll a |
day than you think. While these men
nave been saving, logs have been coming |
in in quantities. They have all been
brought upon the backs of horses, mules |
and donkeys, one strapped upon each |
side of kind of saddle. 1t would sur
prise you to see che loads they bring in |
this way.
Well, the wall is done. and now the |
boss" comes on with full force. He
has been at other jobs since he got your
work started. He comes with a good |
many hands, and they bring their tools
rolled up in coarse, heavy cloth. 1t is |
not large kit. There are a few Euro
pean tools. a spirit level and try-square |
but the principal tool is short handled |
adj. 1t answers for axe. hammer. broad |
axe, etc. Each man has one of these.
Then there is a saw about the size of our !
buck-saw, and in a similar frame. a small |
saw, fourteen inches long and three |
broad. with teeth slanting back towards |
the handle. which cnts on the back stroke !
There are half a dozen planes about the |
size of your smoothing planes. These |
have two ten inch wooden pins through |
them to take hold of when using. There
are also two or three long planes for |
goueing, and these, with few rules and |
chiSels make up the kit. They do most |
of their work sitting upon the floor or
ground. If a stick is to be sawed in two |
even if it is not more than three inches |
thick. two men sit down upon the floor. |
hold the stick between their feet and use |
the buck-saw, man at each end. A |
frame Is put Oh the wall, one story high |
-12 or Is feet. If you wish two story |
house you had better make the first story |
of stone. This frame is made of timbers. !
unhewn and unsawcd, and fastened to- |
gether with long iron spikes. The nails |
used are made of round polished wire,
with fiat heads and sharply pointed, and |
of the same size from head to point. You
70
in length. and in size accordingly. | be-
lieve they are imported from France.
They are superior to the common Amer
lean nail and just elleap-=AIL along
the sides of this frame, timbers are put
in between the stills and plates from two
to four feet apart. They are placed in
all directions and securely fastened with
spikes. All the main partitions are made
with three tImbers, which are from five
TO eight inches in diameter, with plates
above and stills below. The roof is near
ly flat. Across the plates. from partition
to partition, are placed more of these
heavy timbers, from six inches to a foot
apart. The frame is now done, and next
comes the walls. Between all of these
timbers Of the walls and partitions, eX-
cept in the places for windows and doors
are packed sun dried bricks, which are
made of Gay and straw and about 10
by and 3 inches. After everything but
the doors and windows have been bricked
up, the mason fills all the holes with a
coarse lime mortar and so makes outside
and in, a smooth plastered wall, conceal
ing all bricks and timberS. The outside
is now done, aud the inside will later on
receive hard finish of pure white made
from kind of white earth found here.
For the roof, boards and slabs are put
upon the roof tint Q ;, and upon these
are put several " IS of coarse mortar.
The roof is Il it.tta slantiug. and here is
The play grou III OF most families. Many
houses have picket fence around the
roof to keep the children from falling Off
Each roof has Il stone roller with which
,he roof is rolled i'll damp weather, for it
will soak up if it is not kept packed
closely down.
For the chimney, frame is made in
The wall, extending from the floor to
soma six feet above the roof. which is,
perhaps. two and half by three feet
Large tiles are set up in the center of ;
ibis, with L tiles where pipes are to enter.
All around these are packed stones and
mortar. States are put on the inside of
his frame, and the whole when done is
)lastered. The ceiling is finished by
upon lath made level. Doors
Will plHelS anu ulOuullllSS are lndue on |
he spot. While upon finishing work the
carpenters need the closest watching;
lere is where he cannot see straight. /
There are usually no passages between !
houses. Que can often walk over the q
ops of twenty houses and hardly tell I
when he steps from one to the other r
But they frequently differ in height a
They are liable to make their doors an d
nch or two too short for the average
American with tall hat Oh. The glass
or the windows is usually set in hinged \
ash. opening inside.
From this description ycu can imagine
of the appearance of our cities.
Everything is the color of the outside
Mortar, which is a sober dirt brown. A
eW houses are white hard finished, out
ide as well as in. These houses are n
warm and strong. They keep out the
odd i'll winter and the heat in summer.
UARPOOT.
The three outlets of disease are the
bowels tho shin onH rho Ei1upvS Rn0r-