davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

age, perseverance, energy and thrift for the
undertaking, with a natural taste for it
which will make his labors and trials en-
durable; and if he thinks he can see his
way clear to keep the pot boiling through
several non-producing years, why, let him
go ahead, and God speed him! He is en-
barking in good enterprise, and one that
will surely bring its reward if intelligently
carried through.
Too many men undertake the growing of
an orange grove without fully comprehend
ing the magnitude of the task When it is
past the time for them TO retire without
sacrifice. they find out that it was a fancy,
not well-settled purpose, that first pos
sessed them, and the labors involved are
too onerous to be borne; or their means
have run out, they get into debt, mortgage
the farm, and then, perhaps, as the trees
are lust about to bear, the result of all their
labors and sacrifices is swept away If a
candid word OF mine may set some over
sanguine man to thinking, and avert from
him the heart-burnings incident to the
course above outlined, that word shall not
pass unspoken."
THE ORANGE ORCHARD
Should have loose, well-drained soil. 1t
flourishes best in sandy or gravelly loan.
Hard-pan should be deep, if at all. These
kinds of soil are good for the orange: Dis
integrated granite, with vegetable deposit
gravelly alluvium sandy clay, chocolate
colored; clayish sand, brown; sandy clay,
reddish brown, colored by ferric acid, and
known as "red land"
The best results cannot be accomplished
in ground that bakes and packs hard under
the action of water and sun, even though
such ground be rich in all the chemical
elements required in tree growth. On roll
ing or elevated lands southern, southeast
ern or southwestern exposure is desirable.
The orange luxuriates in warmth, and the
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

Mr.. Dalton netted $500 from quarter of
an acre. (Of course, these are extreme
cases. 1t is not unusual for growers to
clear $500 an acre, and iii the season of
1898 one producer in the San Gabriel val
ley sold his crop-on 40 acres-on the trees
at $4,000.
AN EXAMPLE.
In the Ress and Horticlltlrist for October.
1884, occurs the following:
Mr.. D. c. Twogood has $50 Seeding
orange trees, covering six acres The trees
were planted twelve years ago and the
roots were three years old when the trees
were planted, thus making the trees now
actually fifteen years old. They have been
bearing about six or seven years. 1t is
from this six acres that Mr.. Twogood ex-
poets to harvest 1000 boxes of oranges
He judges his crop this year from actual
yields in previous years. He has, however
about sixty budded trees, now bearing
lightly, in addition to the $50 seedlings,
and possibly it may require portion of
this fruit to make up his estimate. He
also has ten acres of budded orange trees
that are just beginning to show fruit.
He has obtained So per box. with the
exception of one vear-two wears ago
when, on account of the freeze, he got only
So Is per box. If he gets So per box this
year, that will be 1000 per acre, which
will pay 10 per cent. on an investment of
$1,000 per acre, or something less, after
deducting running expenses.
Regarding the cost of caring FOR place,
that depends upon circumstances If a
man has five-acre tract, it costs him more
to take care of it than it does if he has
twenty or forty acres. A man can hire all
the work done in an orange orchard for
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16
ADVANCEMENT OF IRoPAGArING BOXES

more the tree and the ground in which it
stands are exposed to the direct rays of the
sun the better.
The orchard should not be exposed to
severe winds, and frost must be avoided
ana guarded against, of course. If the
orchard is on granite formation. beware of
rocks.
THE TREES.
In selecting trees get the hest, those two
years old in budded growth and four wears
old in stock, and from five to seven feet
nigh, are first class if vigorous. The dark
green of the foliage indicates good health.
DO not practice false economy bv buvinr
half-price trees. Select the Younger trees
but insist on health and thrift. Mark your
trees with tags when you buy, so there can
be no change made by the nurserymen
without discovery. In taking trees from
the nursery, consider their condition and
the season. Take them, if possible, at the
dormant stage; that is, when they are rest
ing from growing. This period is as nearly
as general rule will apply from middle
OF Mafch TO the middle of April the month
OF June; the month OF September; middle
OF November to the middle of December
The chief thing to be provided AGAINST
IN transplanting is cold; the roots must
suffer no chill. There are three common
methods of transplanting citrus trees: LIST.
pallng or sacking the roots I'd, pudding
the roots; 3D., packing the roots in damp
straw. The first is the best, though the
most laborious. Description of these
several methods should be studied and
thoroughly mastered before any attempts
are made; SO also should the methods of
planting the orchards and the approved
systems of cultivation. Irrigation in south
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

of orange-growing, and sometimes with no
natural taste for horticulture; planted
planted planted anywhere, anyhow, any
thing, if only they might possess them
selves of an orange grove.
Taking advantage of this Juror, the few
nurserymen that carried citrus stocks put
their prices up to dollar or two tree,
sold out, got rich. Then the frenzy of
speculation extended 10 the propagation of
orange seeds for relays of nurseries, and d
widcT extension of plantations. Nursery
projects were inaugurated, ranging through
every degree from the hundred acre joint
stock enterprise to the row of oyster cans
which materfanilias established in the
back yard to augment the family income.
From this planting came trees that were
good, bad and Indifferent, of course, but the
average was, if possible, worse than the
preceding supply. And when this hetero-
geneous stock was fairly on the market
then the deluge, or rather, the contrary.
The dry season of 1867 came on, fol-
lowed by the wave of hard times which
swept across the country. People who had
planted on insufficient capital were the first
to feel the pressure. Many were obliged to
surrender their places; joint-stock nursery
projects failed some nurserymen sold out
or were closed out, and left the country
Thus
THR FURoR OF ORANGE PLANTING
Received a check. Nursery stock being of
slow sale, began to tall under the operation
of the law OF the survival of the fittest
Most of the orange orchards already plant
ed were too valuable to be abandoned, no
matter what the fate Of the planter might
be, SO somebody stepped in to carry them
forward. Thus it was that, through all the
times of depression and encouragement.
the industry itself went steadily and surely
forward. The unprecedented frosts which
occurred in the winter of 1S79-S0 gave a
rude awakening to some people who plant
ed in low, cold places. Not only was the
nursery stock frosted to the ground, but in
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

ern California and non-irrigation in north
ern California are the rules. Flowing begins
as soon as the rainy season is well on
single blowing in the fall or early winter.
II the soil is reasonably loose. is deemed
ample. Twice year is certainly enough.
according to Mr.. Spalding Aside from
this, work with the cultivator is all that is
needed, followed III some cases by the har-
row or ciod-crusher. After the rains, the
SOIL must be kept mellow and free from
weeds 1t is wise advice the author piyes
when he SAYS that Judgment is the best
monitor If the orchardst has q knowledge
OF the theory OF cultivation.
PRUNING OF THE TREE
Has two objects First-To give it SYM
metry. Second-To make it healthy and
productive. No part of the orchardist's
work is more entertaining than this, be-
cause 1t furnishes intellectual as well as
manual occupation. 4 man who would
prune successfully must keep up constant
thinking. and should be prepared to give a
good and sufficient reason for every cut he
makes His employment is like that of
the sculptor, for he is transforming an un
calmly object into one of beauty but. m
like the sculptor, the primer must cut deem
calculating to nicely how nature NAV be
relied on to round out the contour. On
this subject the grower must study as GER
tain the experience of others. and thor
oughly inform himself. The question of
fertilization will also gain his attention. for
no soil exists that must not, some time, be
aided and renewed
ENEMIES OF THE ORANGE TREE.
The gopher, the hare, rabbit and squirrel
are enemies TO be fought, trapped and poi
soned, and the grasshopper must be counted
also as a possible enemy. Flowing the
ground kills the eggs, but sometimes the
young trees may need to be wrapped in
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

prolific; vigorous; not as large as some A.;
leaves elliptical, acute and scattering /;
branches tender and thornless. Originally
imported. but long grown in Florida
sATsuMA.
For the following description of this
tree | am indebted to A. F. Styles, of Jack
sonTille. He writes This new japanese
orange was introduced into Florida several
years since by Mrs. General Vanvalken-
burg, Of st. Nicholas, and is destined to
take high rank among the new varieties.
The tree is of dwarf habit of growth, en-
tirely thornless and very hardy In the
cold snap" of December $780, the leaves
of this tree did not even curl, while all
other varieties. with the same exposure
lest all their leaves. II is sure to bear the
second year from budding, and it will bear
too heavily unless prevented by thinning
1t makes much more vigorous and thrifty
tree if budded on sweet stock in prefer
ence to the sour or bitter-sweet."
EoHPAREIL.
Size above medium, somewhat fattened.
color ordinary, grain fine, pulp melting
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16
Sweet has attained the greatest popularity
of any of the budded kinds.

Sweet has attained the greatest popularity
of any of the budded kinds.
THIN-sKINHED AoR PAPER RIND ST. MICHAEL.
Fruit small, round thin-skinned, highly
favored and delicious sub-acid one of
the best budded varieties, and destined to
increase in popularity keeps well, and
therefore a good shipper. A vender once
told me they sold ON the streets of Los
Angeles better than any variety he could
obtain. Trees dwarfish in habit, thorny.
MALTESE BLOOD.
This variety derives its name from the
peculiar marking of the pulp. which seems
to be streaked and clotted with blood. This
queer characteristic varies with fruit from
different trees. different ages of trees, and
in different stages of ripeness, in some in
stances being barely traceable, and in
others the blood-red stain suffusing the
entire pulp. The older the tree grows
the more marked the fruit. The Maltese
blood is little unde medium size, smooth,
round and fine textured juicy, high
favored, and the pulp tender and melting.
The tree Is semi-dwarf; thornless, or only
slightly thorny.
KoNAH
A California seeding from seed grown
on Konah Island; most of the character
istics of a first-class Seeding, the chief adj
vantage being III the uniformity of fruit;
thick rind, juicy, large. The tree grows to
the-full size of a Seeding, and is thorny.
DU RoI
Size medium, round, skin firm; quality
good, fruit apt to be ribbed somewhat like
musk melon. Trees prolific, vigorous, few
thorns. Long grown in Florida, and inn
ported from there
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16
Propagation of the Orange, Lemon and
Lime in California.
INTERESTING AND INSTRUCTIVE FACTS FOR GROWERS
ndustryThe Methods of Citrus Fruit Culture
Enemies of the Orange and
Devices their determination.

unfavorable outlook, found that they had
their trouble for their pains and a freight
bill to settle besides. Then it was that
some superficial people began to inquire,
" Will orange growing pay?" Haven't
we been deluded all this time in thinking
il a remunerative business?"
THOSE WHO GOT STARTED RIGHT;
Who planted on high, mellow soils; who
took good care OF their trees, and followed
orange-growing as an industry, not a
speculation, are the ones who suffered no
loss through the time of depression, and
who are now firmly grounded in the belief
that orange growing pays. Last season
while the average oranges of the lower
valley were going at dollar box, and
slow sale at that; while many trees hung
full of little fruit, not salable at any price
l talked with an orange grower of Pasa-
dena, who was sending off his large, lus-
cious Washington or Riverside Navels,
and realizing therefore So so to 81 box
And if | had a hundred thousand boxes,n
he said, 4" could sell every one of them
at these prices. Will orange-growing
pay? Well, | rather think it will. 1t is
to-day the best enterprise man can en-
gage in"
THE ORANGE IN CALIFORNIA.
The antiquity OF the citrus family is
subject of most interesting historical char
acter. Concerning the introduction of the
orange in California, the nucleus of orange
growing in this territory appears to have
been at San Gabriel Mission-but as to the
time and circumstances history is aggra-
vatingly silent. Colonel Warner as early
as 1881, found orange trees in Los Angeles
county twenty-five or thirty years old 1t
is clear that the early Christian fathers had
faith in the adaptability of the climate of
southern California.
For orange culture the lowlands are to be
avoided, and on the middle lands the
chances of success increase as the valleys
recede from the ocean As to "mesas,'
their advantages for fruit growing are I'M
doubted, and the capacity of the foothills
and elevated lands are now confessed.
STATES OF THE ORANGE INDUSTRY.
The orange tree is not indigenous to
southern California. nor will it exist in Cal
ifornia in wild state. In the matter of
manuring the soil and preparing and pack
ing the fruit alone are our culturists behind
those of the best orange producing coun-
tries. From 1870 to 1880 citrus culture in
California presented the spectacle of great
industry run mad Since then calmer pro-
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

The facts and the great part of the textin
this article we take, by kind permission of
L. NJ. Holt, publisher of the Press and
Hortica.lt,iri,t Riverside, San Bernardino
county, from a work published by him, and
entitled The Orange; Its Culture in Cali
fornia; with Brief Discussion of the
Lemon, Lime, and other Citrus Fruits, by
William A. Spalding. With an appendix
on Insects Injurious to Citrus Trees and
How to Combat Them, from the Work of
Matthew Cooke" The illustrations in this
article are used by permission of Mr.. Holt.
We have freely availed of his courtesy in
the matter, for the reason that the brief
period in which the whole northern citrus
fair scheme has been matured. has not af-
forded time for the preparation of original
cuts or articles satisfactory to US. Nor has
there been issued any work of such a prac-
teal and useful character for the orange
grower as that of Mr.. Spalding 1t is pre-
cisely the book to meet the wants of every
person seeking information concerning the
cultivation of citrus fruits for either COM
mercial or ornamental purposes. We can
recommend the work of Mr. Spalding as
the result of careful examination, and do
not hesitate to avail of the permission to
freely quote from it. But these extracts
present only small part of the work,
which is exhaustive of the whole subject of
the cultivation of citrus fruits, and en-
bodies the results of long study and the ex-
perience of the culturists of southern Cali
fornia, presented by writer clear, forcible
aud entertaining.
WILL 1T PAY TO RAISE ORANGES?
Mr. Spalding replies, yes and no. 1t will
pay to raise good fruit it will not pay to
raise poor. Simple as this proposition ap-
pears when reduced to print, ii has taken Dc
good many of us here in California long
time to find it out. While experience has
already demonstrated that this survival of
the fittest is inevitable, we will yet be COM
PEELED to acknowledge that it is reasonable
and just. The time was, and not so long
ago either, when many of our people
rushed into orange-growing as they would
have rushed into speculation in stocks.
Carried away by the prospect of great re-
wards, they engaged in the industry blindly
and recklessly planted orchards in locali-
ties not at all suited to them; planted
scrubby or infested trees; planted beyond
their means; planted without knowledge
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16
ACAPULCO.

ACAPULCO.
Tree a vigorous, strong grower; rind,
thick and rough pulp, coarse; favor,
good regular but late bearer.
WILSON'S BEST.
A Seeding of the latter class, originally
grown by B. D. Wilson. All the character
istics of a good Seeding.
woLFsKILL's BEST
Originated by Mr.. Wolfskill, of Los An
geles, and answering the same general de-
scription as the above.
BALDwIN's FAvoRIrE.
Originated by E. ]. Baldwin, of Los An
geles county. Same as above.
NIcARAGuAN
A Seeding from fruit brought from the
peninsula by DR.. ]. Shaw twenty-five years
ago. Fruit very large, thick skinned.
HoaosAssA.
OF Florida origin; size of fruit medium.
somewhat flattened very heavy; color
bright; skin very smooth, thin, tough and
dense; pulp fine, sweet and juicy flavor
full and vinous; membrane covering seq
ments of pulp very thin and small ripens
very early and keeps and carries well
quality best. Tree prolific, vigorous, very
thorny,
TANGERINE, MANDARIN OF KID-GLovE
ORANGE.
This is dwarf, both in tree and fruit.
and has been grown for ornament and
curiosity more than for any other purpose.
l see, however, that its cultivation is ex-
tending in Florida to supplya certain diet
tante custom, which likes to eat its orange
without soiling its gloves. The fruit is
very small, safiron-colored, fiattened at the
ends, and the skin parts readily from the
pulp, while sthe pulp divides readily into
sections without the loss of Juice. 1t has
peculiar fragrance and flavor but altogether
amounts to little more than a bon-bon. Its
use is only passing faacy, think, and
man would hardly be justified in planting
a large grove of Tangerines. The tree, or
shrub, as it might be termed, is regarded
by some botanists as distinct species, and
by others as marked variety of the sweet
orange. II is very ornamental, being dis
tingushed by its small, lanceolate leaves;
slender, flexible branches; somewhat for
NAL habit of growth, and the flowers, which
are white and smaller than those Of the
ordinary orange.
PUMALo.
A dwarf tree with peculiar glossy foliage,
leaves drawn as if by a pickering string,
:
good to eat Grown for ornament only.
BERGAMoT.
Fruit large, rough, hattened quality
fair; leaves large and broadly winged
when bruised give forth delicious aroma
not unlike that Of bergamot, from which
popularity the tree derives it's name
Grown mostly for ornament and curiosity
Besides the above Mr.. Carey enumerates
the varieties which he imported or propa-
gated.
The following varieties grown in Florida
are held in high esteem there, but have
never been cultivated in California, so far
as ! am informed. For this list | am
mainly indebted to Manvile's Practical
Orange Culture"
EARLY oBLoNG.
Fruit medium size, oblong, thick skin;
lacking the sub-acid of other sorts; quality
fair. Though its color does not turn much
before the other sorts, its juices attain per-
fiction one or two months earlier, when it
should be marketed. Tree bears young
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

cedure has been observed, and natural
conditions studied. In 1872 we had in the
State 81, 40 bearing lemon trees and 4S4,-
221 orange bearing trees. In 1898, in Los
Angeles county. there were 526 $40 orange
and so 565 lemon trees bearing. In 1892
the California crop of oranges was 10000
OOO of which San Francisco consumed
100000. In 1879 Los Angeles sent to
Utah fifteen carloads of oranges, and found
good market. Since then the market has
been extended to all the chief centers of
the East and West, and some citrus fruit
has been shipped to Europe. From jan
uary to July, 1888, southern California
shipped TO Arizona, New Mexico. Utah and
Colorado 15l, 450 boxes, containing &c, 290,-
COO oranges. From July to December, the
same year, 100000 more oranges were
shipped, and 100000 were consumed in
local markets, exclusive of 100000
shipped to San Francisco From 1923
the annual increase is estimated at 10, 0O0.-
Geo year.
THE KEEPING QUALITIES
OF the California orange is due in meas
ure to its thick rind, rendering long ship
ments feasible. In southern California the
fruit ripens from December to March In
northern California, we add, it is in season
from November to February, but it is lust
to say that fully ripe oranges in northern
California in favorable season are best OBJ
tainable in january. Mr.. Spalding says
that in southern California it can remain
on the tree from December to July without
detriment. Florida and Louisiana oranges
sell from November 1st to March 1st, at
which date the crop is exhausted. Mr..
Spaldlng entertains no fear of the market
ever being overstocked with good fruit. In
1851, as early as December LIST, one cult
vator had contracted his crop on the trees
for $4,000, averaging 81 per box at $50 to
the box. Fancy lots went up to 81 SO, So
and even 50. In that year, however, the
crop was short, but the number of bearing
trees had greatly increased. Concerning
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

THE DISTRIBUTING.
The treatment in the nursery involves all
the questions of soil, warmth, water, ETC.,
and the use Of the transplanter, by which
plug of earth is raised with the roots from
the boxes. Budding is done in the fall,
spring and early summer. The stock must
be in the condition when the bark slips
readily. Trees planted in the nursery in
the spring are sometimes budded the fol-
lowing spring, but generally not until the
end of the second year in the nursery. The
methods of budding are not here entered
upon.
WORD TO THE WISE.
Mr.. Spalding's advice is quoted below in
full The man who contemplates plant
ing an orange orchard-especially the man
of limited means-ought to stop and think
twice. He should consider that it is great
undertaking to raise orange trees; and he
should also bear in mind that, during the
long period in which they are attaining
maturity, his family and himself must
have living. If, after weighing the mat
ter carefully, he comes to the conclusion
that he is possessed of the requisite cour.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-16

THE PROFITS OF ORANGE CULTURE
1t is sufficient to say that its great profit
ableness is demonstrated by quotation of
authorities in foreign sections. Riverside
is deemed the model orange growing settle
ment. Of 100000 trees, on 1000 acres,
in 1881 the total orange product
was $4,000 boxes, at an average of So. In
1885 the product was estimated at from
1O0, 900 to $50 geo boxes. at from 81 TO So 13
per box net returns. Navels brought better
prices, of course. than the seedlings. TAX
ing 81 50 as the average, the net income on
1000 boxes would be $4,000: or on
10000 boxes sos. 000 This is on the basis
of 1900 acres, giving from SIS to SIP 80
per acre net. This includes all trees. and
proportion are not yet bearing, while prices
ran lower than ever before, with one excep-
ton, as the channels of trade are just open
ing up. The Riverside district, with all
trees in full bearing, estimated at 5 boxes to
the tree, or l ,000, 600 boxes, with Is cents d
box estimated-a low prlce, scarcely likely
to be visited-and the estimated net income
is S750,oo0, or 1915 per acre. In Colonel
Wilson's older orchard single acre yielded
nearly 81 ,6ooin one year. Three years ago