Ceredo advance. [volume] (Ceredo, W. Va.) 1885-1939, 1886-12-09
TIE MES SAGE
coNrINurp rRou rinsr PAGE.


improvements ! specially direct the atten-
ton OF Congress to tho Recommendation that
oihcers be requ red TO suhmitt to an eNamina-
ton n preliminary to their promotion. I
see no objection. but many advantages in
adopting this feature. VIII CHI has operated so
csnehcially m our navy department a. W eli
a. in some branches of the army.
The subject OF
COAST DEFrNsKs
snd tortncattonS has been fully and carefully
treated by the Board on Fortifications who's.
report was submitted at the last session of
Sina 49, on. no Sonstrneuon work OF the
possible during the set year from the lack OF
appropriations FOR such purpose. The de
1enseless condition of our sea coast and lake
Frontier is perfectly payable. The cxaminn.
kons made must convince us all that certain,
~ our eIti, named in the report of the Board
important OF these Notifications shonId be
commenced at once; the work has been thor,
~ukhly considered and laid out. the Secretary
OF War reports. but all Il della, et I'm default
OF Congressional action. The absolute neccs.
sty Judged by al standards of prudence aud
torres ght. OF our preparation for an effcctuul
resistance against the srmored ships and steel
guns aud mortars OF modern construction
wnch may threaten the cities on our coasts
ls so apparent that hope effective steps Will
90 tasen In that d rect.on immediately.
THE ApAcHEs
In September and October last the hostile
Apaches who. under the leadership OF Zero
nimo, mad Tor eighteen months been on the
Wsr-path, and during that time had comm L
red many murders and been the cause of con.
slant terrors TO the settlers OF Ar IONA, sur
rendered to General aileS. the military com
mand' r. who succeeded General Crook in the
management and direction of their pursuit.
Under the terms of their surrender as then
reported. and in view OF the understand N y
which these murderous savages seemed To
entertain OF the assurance ven them. II
was considered best toimprison them in such
manner rs to prevent the ever engaging in
suen outrages aea n instead OF trying
S sss,n Tor murder. Fort Pickens having
nnemen'. all the adult males were sent
Shither and viii be CLOSELY guarded as pris-
pners In the meantime the residue OF the
band who. though still remaining upon tho
reservation. were regarded as unsafe and
spectod OF furnishing aid to those ON the
war pa mad been removed to Fort Marion
The women and larger children of the hos.
tiles ~ ere also taken there, and ARA gemen,s
nave been made for putting the children of
proper age in Indian schools.
The aifxirs OF
THE POSTAL SERVICE
show marked and gratifying improyemcnt
during the past year. \ particular account
oil lis transact ms and condit on is gwen in
1n e, report OF the Postmaster-Genernl. which
vii De lard before YOU. Tho reduct on of the
rate OF letter postage in lSS3 rendering the
po tai revenues inadequate TO sustain the ex-
pend!tures. and business depression so
contributing. ieSu ted in an excess of cost
Tor the fiscal year ended June 81 IsSs of
eight and ono third mil ons of dollars,
an additional check upou RECENT :
by dou ling the measure of weight in
rating sealed correspondence and d minish-
are. was imposed by legislation which took
euect with the beg inning of the past fiscal
year; while the constant demand of our ter
rltcrial development and growing population
Tor the extension and Increase OF mail facili-
ues anu mach merry necessities steady annual
advance IN outia,, and the careful estimaIe
OF year ago upon the rates of expend ture
then existing contemplated the unavoIdabl
augmentation of the deficiency in the last
nscRl year 10y nearly s2,OJl.UOO The antici-
pated revenue for the last year failed of
real zation by about S64.0JJ, but proper
measures OF economy hav so satisfactorily
limited the growth of expenditure that the
total deficiency in fact fell below that of
1eo. Ana at this tune the increase of revc-
nhe IS rntniug in ratio over the increase of
cost, demonstrating the suficiency of the
present rates OF postage ultimately to sustain
the service. This is The mor,. pleasing ne.
cause our people eIiOv row both cheaper
postage, proIortionably to distances. and "A
Nasster aud more costly service than any
otherupon the globe
again urge change in the
FEDERAL JUDICIAL SYSTEM
, 10 meet the wants OF the people and obviate
conditicn OF alta II in our courts All are
agreed that something should be done and
much favor is shown by those well able 10
advise. To the plan suggested nv the Attor.
ney General at the last sess'on of Congress
ana recommended in NV last annual mes
sage. This recommendation is here renewed
time.
THE INDIAN QUESTION
The President says: There is no autbo,itv
# ha
reservations, and on Others the allotments
provided for are so small that the Indians
though road and desiring to- settle down are
not WI mig 10 ACCEPT such small areas when
their reset vations contain ample lands To AT
1Ord them homesteads of sufficient size 10
meet their present aud future needs These
INEQUALITIES of existing special laws and
treaties should Oe corrected, aud some
general legislation on the subject
progressive members OF the different tribes
may De settled upon homesteads. aud by this
example lead others TO follow. breaking away
LL IOin trinhi customs and substituting there
Jor the laws Of home. the interest OF the tam.
ny aud the rule of tho State. The Indian
chara1tcr and nature are such that they are
not eaaly led while broodug over unIust
Nron2s. IL is especially so regarding thrir
lshus. Matters arising from the construction
ana operation OF railroads across som. OF rho
reservations aud claims OF title and right OF
occupancy set up by white persons to sop,c
OF the best lands within other rcseryatioos
require legislation for their final All in stTnent
Inc settlement OF these matters will reno ,e
nanF emnaT ri-sIneuts to progress in the
WORK OF leuuinR the Indians TO the adoption
OF our Institutions and hriuging them under
the opetat on. the influence aud tho proteo
Iinn OF tie universal laws or our country
Ihe recommcnda ions of the -ecretnry of ihe
Interior and the Commissioner of tie Con.
era Land ONCE, looking TO the bett.r vto-
tecton of
PUBLIC LANDS
and OF tn public surveys. The prsservn,ior
OF nat ona forests. the 40 Indication of grantg
20 states ana corporations. and OF private
we public land service, are commented 10 the
sttent on OF Congress 10 SECURE the vriBes,
distribution OF pubic lands n limited auanti.
YES among tticrs Of residence and clltIva-
Won, and thus make the greatest number of
snuFuua homes, was the primary object Of
the puouc land legislation iu the early daVs
OF the Republic. ''e
This system was a simple one IL com.
mencen with an aim iraule scheme OF pttbIfc
Huryeys, BY which fhe humhlest cif zen rot,id
ldentty the tract upon VII CD be wished 10 Is.
fsUish bis homo. The price OF and was
placed within the reach OF all the enfsroris
ing lnnuatr Gus and honest pioneer citile =
81 tho country. u was soon. however found
that the object ~ the laws was perverted nm.
Ger the system OF cash sales from y distri n.
son OF land amOuV the people TO an secup1.
iltion OF ltnd capital by wealthy and spect.
lNiFc persons. To check this tendencV a
preference Eht ~ purchase was given 10
ee.tiers on TIE land. plan which eliminated
10 we general presumption act Of 1871.
Irecommeud the repeal of the pre-enp,ior
Hun tlmpef culture gCfa and that fba 6ur,.
eNid avs De- 81 amended ~ o. better srcttso
compliance With their requirement 81 r III
ochctf or prnFemcut and cultivation Tor Tho
period of I've years from date or enfrv ygitb
yut cpnnuf4i Ou or urCyls on for -uerufe-
tNe reluQuIslmeuf. ] q 80 recommend tho
rePed ~ tnc desert land laws unless a. shsiI
- t1o pleasure q tho Congress ~ - amend
aDuscs AZ the chief motive FOR en- cvneior,
81 tne laws, ana the principal cause OF the r
result iu land accumulation instead ~ lad
oisiruutou. is the facility with which trapa-
Eers are made of the Rht Intended 10 h. 80
cured 30 serilcrs 10 may fe feer1 II ~, vtssbic
~ provide ~ legisiafior sons g,Ia-ds ~
checks upon .lc alienation Of borncsteef
ssats snd lands covered thereby until PAT
rESIoss.