davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24
A Use for Corncobs.

Deep gulies can be kept out Of
"washy" land only by closing the little
waterways after each heavy rain. De-
lay makes the work greater, not only
because the larger gully will require
more material, but smaller gullies will
form toward it which must be closed
and which makes il more difficult to re-
tain distractions in the larger gully.
For closing small waterways, corncobs
from the feeding floors serve an excel
lent purpose These are usually water
soaked, or soon become So and then the
water will not move them They do not
interfere with blowing or narrowing
The pillow Or harrow will pass through
them and remove very few from their
PLACES, to which they eau be returned
easily. If brush is used il must be
staked down, and either pillow or harrow
will pull the stakes and brush from their
places. II more solid distractions are
opposed to the water, they suffer all the
greater FROM the passage of Implements
Many farmers neglect to Gil small wash
outs after the fall rains and, of course,
fail to get them filled before the spring
freshets begin, and before the washing
can be stopped large gullies are formed
If cobs are placed in the washouts late
in the fall, they become so compacted
and firmly fixed until spring. that even
the heavy spring rains will not remove
them, while the winter thaws will bring
enough soil to the waterway to fill the
crevices between them, and thus aid in
filling the gully. @
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24
Winter Management of Sheep.

1t is best to keep sheep in a yard
sheltered by their shed, with warm
southern exposure. Let them have their
regular time for exercise as much as for
their grain ration or their hay. Ii snow
continues on the ground long time, so
that they hava 20 ipducement to take
exercise in search of grass, turn them
into a corn-stubble from which the fod-
der has been hauled out and ricked.
They will rove up and down in this aud
pick a large amount of 'turnbles" from
the stubs, no matter how weather-beaten
they be, which they would not cat if
given to them in the yard A sheep is
grateful for the privilege Of picking up
a portion of his living in his own way,
nibblug about in all kinds of hidden
hooks with bis nimble prehensil e lips ;
and even after they have picked the stubs
over twenty times, it will pay to turn
them in again simply for the sake of the
exercise The great use of the system
of yasding is that it allows the master to
regulate the time and amount Of exer-
else, and also secures more effectual
Authorization.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24
Clover Chat for Poultry.

1t may be new idea to some poultry
breeders. this one of feeding clover chaff
to poultry during the winter, but many
successful breeders feed large quantities
of it each season. On every farm where
clover hay is made and fed. large guam
titles Of the chat collect on the barn
floor. This should be gathered up daily
and put away in barrels or boxes for the
poultry to use, the fine pieces of heads
aud leaves which compose the chaff be-
ing the very choicest part of the hay.
The poultry will eat quantities of this
dry, il it be supplied in conveniently ar
ranged boxes, SO made as to prevent the
birds from wasting it. The best way to
feed the finest portion of it is with the
mixed feed. They relish it exceedingly,
and it goes far towards taking the place
Of green food, which is not always OBJ
tainable during the winter months.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24

If your hogs begin to cough look out
for nalignant lung trouble. If they
nope aud lie about their beds intestinal
difficulties may be suspected Plenty
Of pure air. pure water and varied food
will scare away malignant diseases.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24

1t is useless to hope to destroy the
acidity of certain soils by the applica-
ton pf lime and other supposed correct
ives only drainage will accomplish it.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24

Ilouiuy meal, the refuse from mills
where horDiny is made is an excellent
food for cattle.
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24
ITO The -EAya'asaeaess

In offering my Fertilizers to the public this year. desire
to thank my old who have dealt with the past
twentyone years. and to ask continuance of the same prom
Using that the high standard Of goods shall be maintained
To those desiring special mixtures would say prepared
put them up and to competition Call and tell what
you want and will quote prices My shall pay
cent for Fertilizers than they be purchased for
elsewhere, for the goods
Montgomery County sentinel. [volume] (Rockville, Md.) 1855-1974, 1886-12-24

11hder Irvine.
CLIPPER MOWERS.
HORSE RAKES,
WOOD PUMPS,
DOUGLAS FORCE PUMPS,
FENCE WIRE,
FIELD ROLLERS,
MANURE SPREADERS,
IRON AGE CULTIVATORS.
CORN SHELTERS,
Silver & Deering Feed Cutters,
Sinclair Feed Cutters, Rifles Patent
Grindstone, for grinding Reaper Knives,
Young America Corn and Cob Mill,
Harrows of all kinds and sizes, Farm
Bells, Wheelbarrows, Lightning Hay
Knife, Monumental Churns. Cylinder
Ckurns, Staff Churns. Well Buckets,
Measures, Horse Buckets, Trace Chains,
Curry Combs, Horse Brushes, Hames,
Whitewash Brushes, Forks, Picks, Sho.
wells, Spades, Hoes aud Mattocks. -
Grindstones and Fixtures. Hay Rakes.
Plow Handles. Back Bands, IIatchcts,
Axes, dc.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12


The main issue in the telephone controver-
sy is between the people and the Bell monop.
oily. The Pan Electric matter is a mere side
issue, to be dealt with on its merits. What.
ever scandal there may be in it, the Bell. West
ern Union Gould clique aud their organs can
not succeed in their attempts to use it as a
means of diverting public attention from the
controlling issue Of turning the purpose of the
government from the chief end in view.
1t has been charged that Bell was not the
inventor of the telephone and that his patent
was obtained by fraud. II that is true the
government has been swindled aud the peo-
pie robbed. The patent should be declared
void, the monopoly abolished aud the people
relieved from the extortionate e1aetions nov
forced from them
Specific proofs have been produced to sup.
port this charge. The proofs have been
twice held strong enough to warrant trial
of the issue. The matter has never been in
vestigated by judicial tribunal. The ques-
tion cannot be tried in any case now pend
ing. 1t can be tested aud settled only in a
suit brought expressly for that purpose by
the government of the United States.
1t is plain duty which 1.-The government
owes both to itself and to the country to
bring such a suit promptly and prosecute il
vigorously. Whatever may be said of Mr..
Garland's connection with rival company,
that connection cannot be allowed to stand
in the way of bringing the suit. What the
Pan Electric or any of the other half dozen
rival companies may gain or lose by the re-
suit of the litigation is not material consid
Grafton.
The contest is not between any or all OF
these concerns and the Bell monopoly, bui
between the public and the Bell monopoly
It is in the interest of the people that the
government must move. II the patent is sci
aside it will be for the benefit of the people.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12
The Grounds on which the Government
Will Proceed.

The government will make plain in its bill
OF complaint against the Bell Telephone com
pany the issue of law aud fact 1t proposes to
present for the confederation of the courts
Very clear in the minds Of Secretary Lamar
and his assistants il the conviction that only
by suit brought by the government can a
verdict be obtained that will settle the ones
ton, so that there will be u thorough under
standing of the po ion of all the defendants
who have been brought into court for having
intringed the Bell patent. The government
will assert that this law authorizes the grant
ing OF patent only to the inventor or dis
coverer. The law limits the power of Off
GERS who cause a patent TO be issued. IL
these officers issue patent to person who
Is not the inventor or discoveTer under the
definition fixed by law, the Act is without
authority aud the patent is yoidabe.
To declare the patent yoidable, however,
would not be enough. 1t would still exist
The seal Of the sovereign against any but the
grantor would be conclusive until the citizen,
by statutory provision, when attacked by the
patentee, might deny the validity Of the
grant Success on the defense would free
him only from the claim Of the complainant,
leaving the patent still complete proof Of
prima facia case as against every other as
though the defense had not been successfully
made To those who have examined into
the power Of the government to cancel un-
authorized patents, it is plain that every citi
Zen using patented devise might be forced
by the patentte to defend a suit In such
suits each defendant might be confronted
with the alleged patent, supported by no evi
deuce of a right to hold il, aud the holder of
the patent Vould thereby have clear case,
only to be overcome by evidence which time,
accident. distance, or lack of means might
render unattainsble to the defence. A pat
ent is regarded as a contract made by the
government, in which the consideration by
the patentee is his investment, while the
government for this consideration grants Il
monopoly TO the inventor. II this considera-
ton fails the contract for the want of con
sideration, is voidable at the instance of the
party wronged
Ii will be held that a patent cannot be can
celed at the instance OF any one but the gov
eTnment. II it cannot be cancelled by the
government, then there is no remedy for a
great wrong.
The department of justice will not decide
where the telephone suit shall be brought un-
til after the papers have been prepared.
Those who are opposed to the Bell patent
desire to have the suit brought in Memphis,
because Judge Baxter, the presiding judge, is
known as an incorporating foe of corpor-
ations, having shown this hostility in a mum
Der OF important railroad cases. In any case
Washington is likely to be avoided in select
ing the trial ground for the reason that in the
District Of Columbia courts the government
is nearly always at a disadvantage in suits to
which il is A party
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12

The following advertise nent appeared in
Vienna newspaper: "A respectable married
couple, of whom the husband is no dancer,
desire to make the acquaintance of an equal
ly respectable couple where the wife is no
dancer, in order to visit balls in company"
small Harrow boy, being asked by his
parents at a cricket match whether a youth
named Golden, who was making a splendid
score was "any relation to the great Golden" "
replied, all unconscious of the exploits of the
free trade champion, HE is the great Cob
den. "-Ne0 York Sun.
The captain of New Bedford whaling
vessel is named Preserved Fish, During his
first cruise a cutter bore down upon him and
demanded the name of the brig. The Flying
Fish, shouted back the young commander.
whats the cargo2" "Pckled Fish" "And
who is captain ?" preserved Fish" The
government officer did not propose to be
made fun of by anybody, and on board he
climbed with his lieutenants, to find that
nothing but the truth had been told him.
good story is told of ex Governor Long,
of Massachusetts,, and Congressman II sed, of
Maine. A newspaper reporter, in referring
to possible Presidential candidates, recently
mentioned Mr. Long and Mr.. Reed as among
the number. A few days later he met Mr..
Long, who thanked him for the compliment,
but said you will have to withdraw my
name now Reed and have made bargain.
He has offered me Sl5 to withdraw in his
favor aud make a speech nominating him at
the next Republican convention. The only
hitch ia the proceedings is that l want the
Sl5 down, but he wants TO pay 50 now and
the other $40 after the speech is made.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12

was an unusually short time to investigate 30
important and delicate a novehy, the average
time by the same examiner being / days
All the irregular and exceptional action fa-
vored MIR. Bell and tended to great haste in
the results. II the irregularities had been
accidental, they would reasonably have been
expected to be found about equally distrib
uted between the applicant and the csveator
with probability Of preponderance in fa-
vor Of delay rather than haste. II ordinary
delay had occurred the knowledge that would
have reached the examiner and its considera-
tion might have led to an adverse conclusion
by showing that the invention, by prior dis
covery and publication was that of another
If this is true the patent should be cancelled.
II there is a substantial preponderanc9 of ev-
idence in favor OF the probability that it is
true, it should be tested by suit
Mr.. Bell, in his affidavit of December last,
admitted that he knew OF the Refs apparatus.
II had been fully described in many journals.
The experiments Of Antonio Meucci with a
speaking telephone we're known, and the
principle included all Of the elements in
Bells instruments. These facts, and the
further fact that be made an effortto have his
telephone tried upon the New York district
telegraph company's wires In 1872, are well
known. Prof. Eaton experimental upon the
Refs telephone, substantially the same as that
of Bell, aud used il successfully in 1875. He
sold telephones to Spencer, and then came
the Spencer suit by Bsll, in which Eaton,
strangely enough, does not appear as wit
ness. Bells patent was just awarded, but
the charge has been that Spencer was 10 the
interest of the Bell company, and that the
suit was collusive. The Spencer suit was the
first brought to test the Bell patent. Five
other suits were brought by the Bell company,
and the defendants were all enjoined. These
suits are principal feature in the evidence Of
the Bell company in opposing the order for a
government suit. They are alluded to az not
a bar, but as persuasive evidence that the
claim Of the opponents Of the Bell telephone
was not well founded. But ii is argued that
their weight as persuasive evidence would
depend upon the evidence offered by the de-
PENDANTS in each case and the skill and integ-
rity with which that evidence was presented.
Assistant Secretary jerks, after full re-
view of the testimony, and after reconciling
the testimony a. far AS it was reasonably pos
sble, concluded that there was clear pre-
ponderance in favor Of the applicants for a
suit by the government
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12

The Lancet, London, publishes figures CIV
ing the cholera mortality of the past year,
from which it appears that the number Of
deaths in the various provinces of Spain
reaches the appalling aggregate of nearly So =
600, of which Valencia furnishes 13, 400 /;
Saragossa, 10, 9ji, and Granada, 9, 1852. 1t is
thought that even this tremendous total is far
from complete, as there WAS considerable
laxity shown in the keeping of the official
records. In France the disease was all but
limited to Msrseilles and Toulon, and to scat
tered cases in the south, until November,
when an outbreak occurred in Brittany,
Brest and its immediate neighborhood being
affected The total cholera deaths at Mar
settles were just short of 1000, and at Tou-
lon just short of 200. The number at Brest
has not been made known. In Italy only
scattered cases occurred at several places on
the mainland but in the city and province
OF Palermo, in the island of Sicily consid-
cradle epidemic occurred the total mortality
there reaching at least 243O. There was also
a rumor of cases as late as the present month
in the province of Venice.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12

Grant had certain elements of character il
is important should not be ignored in any at
tempt to estimate his value as leader These
elements may be variously grouped under
the one head-moral courage. He cared moth
ing for criticism, because his acts were in
spired by his sense of his duty as a soldier,
and because of his consciousness that he un-
dertook nothing rashly. He had no schemes
for personal aggrsndlzement, and was not,
therefore, chary of commendation when 9TH
ers were concerned He entirely subordinated
selfish interests to the interests of his ooun.
try his one ambition was the triumph of
the cause in behalf of which his services we're
enlisted. There was something to overcome
aud he directed every energy to its conquest.
The calm resolution, the imperturbable cour-
age, the cool, comprehensive judgment the
Indifference to means fitted Grant to fill the
office of commanding general, but it was the
moral courage, the justice the equity of his
character, that won men to him and made
him leader where others had failed. Grant
drew his soldiers to him by his manhood, no
less than by his courage--St. Louis Globe
Democrat
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12
A Giant Monopoly.


Never in the history of America, nor in the
history of any other country, has a corpora
ton grown to such dimensions in so short
time as the American Bell Telephone com
pany. Never before has an inventor so i'm
mediately grown enormously rich from the
proceeds of an invention as Prof. Alexander
Graham Bell.
Bell took his telephone to the Centennial
exposition, where il was seen and experiment
ed with by thousands of visitors, who never
suspected that il would come TO more than
an ingenious plaything. 1t was two years
after the centennial that the first telephone
exchanges under the Bell patent were estab-
lished, though a company had been organized
in 1877. It was not till 1879 that the new
method of communication was firmly estab
lished as a commercial aud social necessity,
and from that year dates the marvellous growth
and success of the Bell company. It's capital
stock on the 3lst of December, 1884, was
$24 OOO, 600, and an application was made
last year TO the Massachusetts, legislature for
an increase to $50, OOO, 600. Up to the 10Th
of January, 1885, the total dividends paid to
stockholders amounted to about 81 900, 600
The original investors In Bell telephone stock
paid from $50 TO $40 per share. Since then
the stock has been increased or "watered"
seven times, and the shares are worth $50
each, 80 that an original holder has now eight
shares for every one that he first held, aud
what he paid say $50 for is now worth $1,000.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12

On the lst Of January, 1886, the Bell com
pany controlled in the United States and Ter
rtories 772 exchanges, 107, 4iO circuits, 10l,
73t miles Of wire, gave service to DIGS em-
ploy = and had 1874, 600 subscribers. It's pay
roll last year averaged about & IL, 900 month,
or about Sl2O, 900 year. The employ e. are
nearly nll girls, who receive very small sals-
res. The expenses are very light the origi-
nal cost Of property small and the incomes
sure. As monopoly Of the modern school
II has no rival, and what II will attain to in
another ten years, unless checked in it's Prog
ress, no one would undertake to foretell The
character Of its property, when it comes 10 a
valuation in dollars and cents, is very well IL
lustrated by the insignificant amount IL has
paid to the various states for taxes. Up to
the beginning Of 1885 its total outlay for tax
% in all the United States bad reached only
Sl29, 600. The amount paid for taxes in New
York for 1884 was $24SG The amount paid
in Missouri the same year was "a &C. In
Massachusetts,, where the capital stock is tax
ed, the amount paid in 1884 was S24, 40.
The amount paid in all the United States out
side Of NJ Massachusetts, since 1881 up TO the
beginning Of 1885 was less than S25 600. A
company that has a combined salary and tax
expense Of about $50, 600 a year, with an
income Of 81, 900, 900 year, is fine illus
tration of the modern science of money max
ing.
A number of men have grown very rich
through small investments made in Bell tele-
phone stock five or six years ago Prof. Bell,
who makes his home in Washington, is sup
posed to be worth ! 4, 00O, 900. He was origi-
nally Massachusetts man, aud when he ap'
piled for his first patent WAS teacher Of lan-
guages in a school for the deaf and dumb. W.
II. Forbes OF Boston, the president, is said to
be worth from 50, 900 600 to S. 600, 900,
which comfortable sum has accumulated on
an original investment of SG4 900. Other
Massachusetts, men who have made fortunes
the same way are GardDer G.. Hubbard of
Boston, said TO be worth 50 600 600: O. p.
Bowditch Of Boston, vice president Of the
company. said to be worth fully as much
Theodore II Vail manager of the company,
who is a millionaire two or three times over,
and ex Congressman W. w. Grape, who has
grown rich on an original small Investment.
1t is curious fact that the Western Union
telegraph company derives a large income
from the Bell telephone company. A bitter
fight arose between the two corporations in
the infancy of the latter, and there grew out
OF il a long and bitterly contested litigation.
The matter was finally settled in favor of the
Bell company, so far as the right of patent
was concerned, but the Western Union did
not let loose till it had got an agreement by
which it was to receive certain royalties or
percentages on the business done. For 1884
the amount so paid reacht d the sum Of $3S3,.
600, and for 1885 it was over S4O0 600. This
is by far the heaviest expense borne by the
Bell company.
Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-02-12
GarArId's BODY Placed In a New sar.
cOphaRus.

The body Of the late President Garfield was
transferred to a metallic sarcophagus last Sat
urday at Cleveland, O.. in the presence Of
bis son James and the guard at the tomb.
When the body was placed in the tomb at
Lake View cemetery Oct. 6, 1881, it was en-
cased in an elegant bronze coffin, which was
at that time supposed to be proof against the
ravages Of time Four years exposure to the
open air, however, has left marked traces Of
decay upon the beautiful burial case and
some months ago it was decided to have the
remains transferred to coffin that through
its unmistakable stability would set at rest all
fears as to the preservation of the body. The
casket WAS not opened on Saturday, but was
quietly placed in the sarcOphsgus The out
er covering was bermeticsly sealed, aud the
sarcophagus was returned to the vault, where
it will remain until the handsome monument
is completed. The sarcophsgus which cost
$1,000, is a work Of art, aud is the finest ever
manufactured in this country. IL is OF solid
bronze metal, handsomely oruamented, and
weighs $50 pounds. handsome tablet was
placed on the top. The military guard about
the vault will be continued until the latter
part of next June.