Morning journal and courier., 1886-01-25

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 the secretary of the law and order society. four hundred and eighty of the seven hun dred and thirty-two polling places are located in buildings where liquor is sold. No won der that the political atmosphere of Phila- delphia is bad.
 Manufacturers in Wolverhampton, in Stafordshire, England ,are becoming alarmed
 at the rapid increase of German competition. Not only are Germans competing vigorously with them in neutral markets, but they underseliing them in the home market. It transpired that a leading Wolverhampton tool firm had lost a good South American order for axes because of German nndersel- | ling; further, that Wolverhampton mer- chants are now ordering wire nails and screws of German make at prices greatly under those of Birmingham manufacturers. The latter declare that either import duties must be ! imposed or the operatives must work more l hours.
 1 The report of the New York bureau of
 labor statistics is an interesting document. It advocates arbitration as a means of set | ting disputes between employer and em 1 ployed and thinks that the trades unions l should be incorporated and that, when prop l erly conducted, they are of great value. It 1 thinks employers should be forbidden by | law from compelling men to sign an agree | ment not to join union. The report forci- | bly, condemns company stores where em- l ployes compelled to trade out their wages l for inferior goods and also calls for restric | tion upon the rates charged by pawnbrokers | whose especial victims are the poorer work I ing people. Cheap foreign labor is condemned 1 and restriction upon immigration is called 1 for.
 The good effect of enforcing sanitary rules l is plainly shown in the experience of Charles 1 ton South Carolina. The close of the war
 left the city in sad condition, largely de- 1 pendent upon contaminated wells for water
 and with a poor sewerage system. Of late l years the city has been supplied with pure and wholesome water, and the condition of
 the streets has been greatly improved. The
 result is that the ravages of zymotic diseases | have been SO far checked that the number
 of deaths from typhoid fever, after steadily
 diminishing for some years, fell to only 29 l for 1S95-a smaller number than in any pre-
 vious year since 1865, although the city has l SolAOo 1AfttGI1dilJ HI POPuIooAOAA oAooS | twenty years. The death rate from all dis
 eases for the whole population was only about 27 per 1000.
 Among the interesting results of subma-
 rine or deep-sea explorations conducted un-
 der the auspices of the London Geographical
 society are those in reference to the Atlantic
 sea bed. It would seem that the bottom of
 the North Atlantic is occupied by two val
 leys, the eastern extending from ten to thir-
 ty degrees west longitude and traceable as
 far as the equator, with an extreme depth of
 less than 13, 900 feet, while the western val ] ley reaches from the thirtieth to the fftieth
 degree of west longitude. The two are sepa-
 rated by ridge in thirty degrees west longi-
 tude, along which the average depth is only
 1,6OO fathoms, and which can be traced
 northward to Iceland and southward to the I Azores; it is volcanic in character at both extremities. Its extreme breadth is some-
 what less than 500 miles, and the depth of
 the water increases on both sides of it ac-
 cording to the distance of the axis.