davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25
the NEW-YORK TRIBUNE

TIE HEW.YORK TRIBUNE enters upon the
now subscription year with undiminished faith In the
restoration 70 power Of tho party which has shown
the greatest capacity for safe. patriotic Intelligent
government II thanks Its agents and friends for
their hearty support during the last year and II
says 70 them Forward 10 tho work that is still In
hand for us all"
TIE KEw.YORK TRIBUNE remains tho
principal national exponent Of tho arguments, doc
trinos and aims Of the Republican party. 1t Is .
strong. aggressive newspaper, uncompromisingly
Republican and faithfully devoted 10 tho home inter
osts of all America. Tho paper will labor earnestly
Tor protective tariff to develop tho resources 0f tho
different States and secure good wages, good food
good clothing and comfortable homes for the peo.
pic, for equal rights and an honest vote. North
and south for cvcry practical measure In the
interests Of morality; and for upright. dignined
patriotic government
ORepublicans Need The Tribune.
Eveiy Intelligent farmer; evcry old solaiet;
every worker and active man Of whntever cccnpa.
tion every good w1fe with . family and every
eitison Who wants TO identity himself with tho party
Of progress brilliant achievement, and morality.
needs THE TRIBUNE
A Series Of War Stories.
Tho Rsander features Of tho War for tho Union
have I'll been recorded Tho minor incidents, the
thrilling and romantic episodes are great volume,
u Which oniy few chapters have ever been written.
TIiENEW.YORKTRIBUNEoas offers PRIZE
0f 119o in cash for the best story OF the late War.
written By private soldier OF sailor Of the Union
sorces or by an officer under the rank OF Colonel OF
Nsvy Captain about 900 words In length, relating
thrilling Incident raid, Aght, escape, advcntufc,
Or s.ss.es q yn :: sci H wss -; Z s:s s,,sr q
ior the sccsod bsat ssry. Twenty Ave or N.re ssr
Every accepted will be paid for whether u wins
sprne ~ not The best two wil receive the prizes.
Publication bcgins January 9Th The oompetiuon
viii end July Lar 1886. All manuscripts VIII be
carefully read
Premiums.
Woods Household Practice Of Medieinc. two
handsome volumes, profusely illnstratcf Web
sters and Morccsters unabstifed p,cu1nariss
Eidpath q Iuustrntad History 0f tho Unitef Slnt<s
Yoane'H ConrorsiaHcc Of the Bible; and the WA!er.
bury Watch. Send for sample copy, which describes
the premiuma
TERMS.
Tho Daily, rs cents months $50 year Ths
Sunday tribune, tl 90 o year. The semi Weekly,
q 90 4 year, or 81 90 In clnbs The Weekly, tl.2o
year, or u 90 10 einba give your snbscrption 70
THE TRIBuNE'S local Club Agent IL there Is one
TUE TpypIJME Moxu.Vork
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

Judge Penny bunker Is not happy man
He is . gourmand, or IAN epicac, as Mrs,
Partington would say. 1t costs money "a
buy the delicacies Of the season, and Pen.
nybunker is not rich. He happened Ia
see . splendid saddle Of venison in q
butchers window. He went in and asked
the price OF it. Then he came out and
sighed. He wanted it very badly, but two
dollars was too much money. He made
up his mind that he couldn't afford to pay
go much. On his way home Pennybunker
met Gus De Smith. For heavens sake,
Penny bunker, lend me five dollars. am
so pressed for money that ! am almost
crazy, said Gus. But. Gus, yon have not
paid me back what lent you last week,
No, but I'll do so pretty soon, Judge,
Kind hearted Judge Peunybunker took
out his pocketbook and handed Gus a
crisp fve-dollar bill Gus wept tears Of
gratitude and hurried away. In the mean
time Pennybunker's hunger had increased.
His yearnings for venison became stronger
and stronger. At lastlhe said to himself
A man only lives once anyhow, so he
might as we'll enjoy himself while he can.
I'll have the saddle Of venison for dinner.
He hurried back to the butcher. III take
that saddle Of venison now. I'm sorry,
Judge, but il is sold. Mr.. Gus De Smith
bought it only few minutes ago He
thought it was very cheap.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

There Is In Snmpier county, Ga. q car.
tain pond or swamp Of 100 acres OF mere.
Tho wAtsr u very shallow. and sras.
grows luxuriently in IL Here horses aud
cattle love TO feed aud daeAs consresa,e
IN great nnmbers. They do noi lear the
horses and cattle, but are very shy when .
man Il around Jim Murray thought by
hitching bis horse 10 aai bostcmed boat
hc could drive all over the swamp and kin
no end Of ducks The plan worked wcll
u, first The horse drcw the boat easily,
bat when At the right ,imo Jim ,aid Whoa
and Jumped up TO iire at the ducks, therc
was hitch in the programme. The horse
stopped. but ths boat didn't II quietly
noated on aud banged against the borscs
hind lgs. The horse Jumped, aud al that
Jim took header backward into the
waller, his gun going about twenty feet
beyond him. just where the gun went IL
not certain. 1t has not been seen since.
The horse aud boat kept right on. When
tho horse wanted 10 stop. and tho boat hit
his legs and urged him forward. When
the boat wanted to stop the horse didn't
know IL Finally boat aud horse got
thoroughly tangled up, and tho latter went
down. Then Jim's brother Tom. who had
been Watching the show from the solid
land. waded in and cut the horsc loose,
aud at the same timo Jim waded out The
boat was not hurt In the least
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

don't know whether this Is new story
on not, bat when Mr.. James u. Schuyler,
oi the uibson house. told II TO me tho
o,hsy day, I mentally resolved thst i
should ses the light of p.jnt. We wers
speaking Of Ken,neky snd be told how
"blue grass host graded bis guests st q
card pary. "fhsre was myself and two
other elegsot gentlemen from Kentucky.
and there scre two geutienen from virgi.
nis. man from New York, and . uissg.
able son Ola gun from Boston who Won ali
the money.'
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25
THE TRIBUNE, New-York.

A MIR Send 10 eents postage. and vc
Ekt will mad you ffee royal. valaa
Oil BILE, sample boz Of goods thAt
at once. than anything else 10 America. Both
ssxes Of all ages can live At home and work In
spare time, or all tho time. Capital not requir-
"a, We viii start you. Immense pay sure for
those who start At once. hTrSsos Co., Port
land, Maine.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

Gran'm ma, said little boy Of nine years
how old are your
About sixty-sir. replied the grand
mother.
You'll die soon. won't you gran'ms7
Yes. dear, expect 10.
Aud when die. gran'ma. can ] bs bur-
led side OF you?
Yes dear, said she. as her heart warmed
toward the little one. whom she folded clos
er 10 her arms
Grsn'ma. softly whispered the little
rogue, gimme 10 ceuts.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

Goethe says that a mans character IL in.
dicated by what he finds amusing. With
out going so deeply into principles, II is
safe to say that ono may Judge favorably
or uniavorably Of man by what no laughs
at Discontinue Of strangers. however
amusing il may be, ispever . subject Of
laughter TO gentleman.
An American gives as an instance OF his
experience in Syria. Hc Was about 10
mount his mule amidst crowd Of Orien-
tai visitors, and wished TO give them an
exaggerated idea OF American agility. He
jumped little too far, and overshot the
mark, coming down on the other side like
a diver with his hands aud nose in the
mud, his feet caught in the saddle,
and his coatsisirts ceverly rolled over his,
head. TO screen him from what he supposed
was a laughing crowd
Yet not soul smiled, not a sound was
heard save tender grunt Of sympathy
and demure offers Of aid. Now Turk in
America, with bsggy breeches and tur-
baned head, taking leap over mule in
an American city, and getting stuck up
side down, with his proboscis in rut and
his heels in saddle, would be saluted
with something more ethan grunt Of sym
pathy aud demure offers Of aid. We have
more humor than dignity; the Turks more.
dignity than humor.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

Maud and her George we're In the par
lor, and Maud's father who, by the way,
il down on the mugwumps-wa laying
down bis political tenents TO Maud's
George.
tell you, he exclaimed, the democrat
10 aud republican parties embody aIl there
is Of wisdom in party management We
don't want any third party here.
That is it precisely, papa, replied Maud;
q third party is nuisance anywhere.
Msuds father counted noses, concluded
be was the mugwump and withdrew from
the field.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

A New York lady met one OF the
american colony" in Canada aud u
course II conversation asked him the
cause Of his seclusion
Why. was county treasurer in llli-
nois, and was Sl3 short in my accounts
was the frank reply.
You didn't have 10 skip for el3 did
you?
Yes, sir.
should have thought you could raise
hat among yonr friends.
Yes you may think so but II You had
seen 'em put up s2700 to save me on the
other term you'd understand that tho
thing had become rather monotonous.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25
lIlllfQ. .locE I!LIIp Z PltElrR RLILVLY

6ulthoV, uUUA telaNU IhtITjv HhIlWAt
ayrs..e & \. c.assl rs.s,s 4 ssa 'css s,ls,s, Y
sonsinsnts ina 10 nst system ~ shrxGsh trsnspor
stina which Invites And Facilitates travel and trsftc
h aiss sac fsypffs and brsf 70 and from points
Isst. Nestbssss sad Southeast and corfesyonfing
peiats west kcsshsssi ard Southwest.
Tho Great Rock island Route
0akrsnsr@s 80 rstrops thst ~ prrsansi seru.
Xxx snsssss ,rssss n esnstnaoas ses rsn' sabsssa.
usiif haiti csissrfs and bis1ve rolling s,ok
I.rissslsa y has.s All IN ,a.is y ils ..,s,y
y. 'ss. ssss s,s'ss s.... sAs ;,s. .s * .s q
Cnea Dsi.s,s ssi ,s rsssa,rsssss cssafsis is' sni
nsssass a ~ Passenger fssiriaent
-. z. .s,s' gss ssy.s: % T,s... ssss,s. c.sssg .ss
ktixsTvs NY e,ssskss Hssn;ssfss f5iiassa TssT
kssfss y - s..sss as.sxa. sns sasnyaasas bsnlns
.s s-s rs sAs c.,sa @ ss.s casf saa ssa,.'s ss
The Famous Albert Lea Route
Ssa.. I'D M .ssss ssss - s..sss ssss
BRUSH ftesssess Over shis route Pass Gligsrs
yr.aas -. raa y "a. .ss~fsng .rlsess. stssnsf
greusss ~ lows sne kinpsssas II V sisc ths nssst
1sFsn.s fYsts ~ 80 ma ~Asst n<aes <n1 rsstsat
XII .@sssss % i'isf'f isi'A isxs =. s.ae-. .sar.s
spp. .aa Lsfs. fsis asa rsaa,s nisrs Ksesss go.
f@ astsdsas sptgrn.sAen ses Nsps std fe<sss,
osass = SO lastss etaies AL cssses = " "a
.. .. cAala. G.sv. IONS.
q lress asrxs srs. c~fTAi a 1a ax-l
CAycAGC-
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25


Arkansas school teacher TO boy
doesn't your father get YOU another
book?
Boy (holding up volume OF "Benton's
Thirty Years in the American Senate'J
Cause amt wore this here one out yit
Teacher But this book is not the kind
you want; you must begin with first
reader
Boy This one is the fust. It's the fust
one ever had, Pap lows that when this
one is read up he will r'ar aroun' some
whar, an git another This isn't too big
fur me. fur lem me tell you, ken hold o
yearlin calf when ] try.
Teacher--Why, you cant spell yet.
Boy-Nuther ken pap.
Teacher don't know your let
ters.
Boy-Nuther does man.
Teacher--Well, you'll have TO get anoth.
er book or cant teach you.
Boy-Wall then, that let's mo out. Here.
Bose, calling his dog we'll go out and
tree another possum.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

Papa. said the daughter ola large EN-.
ployer Of labor, are you in favor OF the
eight hour systemS
Well. daughter he answered, under Ger
tam circumstances, am.
Oh. I'm so glad, she rspturonsly en-
claimed.
Why. my dear. why sre yon 80 inter-
estcd?
Because. pspa, George has only been
staying four hours every evening. asd hs
told me last night II you favored the eigbi
hour system be needn't go home 40 esrly.
You dear old psps. I'm so glad you are 10
favor Of Il. aud she threw her soft white
arms around his neck snd choked OF all
xplanations
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

b trying hard 70 quell the panic b,
shouting u the TOP Of their voice. vhils
they gssticulassd wildly with thier hand
and arma. The fiddle IL we the Addle.
but what on earth fiddle could have Il
do with II wn more than ! could make
ont At length soms good brother near
the pulpit struck up From 0rsenland's :
Icy Mountains.' Others joined in The ia
miliar hymn and order aud quiet we're at
length restored. The meeting did not last
long, though, after that When the audi.
ence had dipersed the floor vas ssrewn
with false hair. hair pins, hats. bonness.
overshoes. gloves. skirts. canes. capes and
wraps Of oil kinds, overcoats and every
conceivable article Of wearing spparel. A
large cart load OF these things was taken
TO the mayors Office the next morning
10 await the claims Of their owners.
After the trouble was all over learned
that tho crash which created the panic
was caused by some mans stepping on the
big bass fiddle. which was at that time
used ia the choir and which, when not in
was allowed to repose on the
gallery floor This was what the men in
the gallery whom heard shouting about
the fiddle we're trying to explain TO the
people below -Reoolecioas
Of John p. Cough.
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25
Frosen Fast by = Hssty kiss.

The most amusing moment ] have en- :
joyed during it all wss one night when we
we're out it on straw ride, said Fifth
avenue girl to the correspondent Of q
Western paper. There was allowing coup
10 aboard, in closer quarters than even
the size OF the vehicle and the number Of
the party necessitated.
The moonlight was bright. and they
had TO do their loving mostly with their
eyes, until we struck into deep gorge,
where it suddenly became as dark as a
cave.
Then there was slight commotion.
and curious ejaculations, all accredited by
the rest Of us to hasty kiss on the part oi
the sweethearts. ! looked at him ~ soon
as could and was surprised to see = piece
OF skin gone from the chaps lip. lie had
10 hold handkerchief TO il for while in
order 10 hide the blood that started.
What on earth was the matter with him ?
l afterwards asked the girl. Did you bite
him?
No; no, she frankly replied ! bad kept
my mouth open good deal. you see, and
the frost had got into the metal plate Of
my false teeth. When he smacked me i'm
pulsivsly his lips came 10 contact with the
frosty plate and stuck TO il just as the
boys tongue does TO cold lamp post
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

ssso u usscouswvst wE. rsa osoGsas~ ~ uas
eoUefss sal sts sr fsssnfso Stsn sAp rsssr rtt
The Manchester journal. [volume] (Manchester, Vt.) 1861-current, 1886-03-25

Tho Daily, as cents month, $3.50 year. III
sunday tribune, 0i 90 year. The semi. Weekly
81 90 year, or t2 90 In cfnhs The Weekly, tl q
year, Or u 90 In cnba Give your subscription z
THE TRIBuNE'S local Club Agent. II there Is one
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23
THE " HQMB SEEKER. "

The Immigration Association of North
ern California is now preparing to issue
the January number CT the "H0ME
SEEKER" II is to lie enlarged, and
fully Illustrated with photographic views
OF Northern California. twill contain
practical information OF the resources
and advantages of the Northern C0m.
ties. All the proceeds ofthis publication
will be devoted to the carrying on OF
immigration work. We appeal to the
business men of the Northern part ofthe
State to give ii their advertising sup
port. BY SO doing, the work of bring
ing an increase Of population TO the
State will be carried On. At Ogden a
copy will be put in the hands Of each
incoming passenger. In addition to this,
several thousand copies will be dis
tribnted on the trains leaving Chicago,
in order TO attract the settler intending
to settle in other States and Territories.
Give the "H0ME sEEKER' your sup
port. ap7-tf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23
Killing the Mails.

When K. ID. Stephens took charge of the
Postoffice in this city in November he found
on file several complaints of parties claim
ing lost packages. Since his incumbency
additional complaints have been made and
an investigation set on foot to detect. if
possible, the party who was tampering with
the mails, if was done in this office. The
TACT that articles in the office were fire.
quently found misplaced, and that pacSaoe
addressed to gentleman in this civ con-
tanning ring, q Christmas present from
ms sister, was received at the office but not
delivered to him, located the theft. and
Deputy Postmaster w. S. Leake set tran
TO catch the thief. After some DAYS he he
came convinced that E. J. Daley. a lad II
years OF age, and one of the special delivery
letter carriers, was the culprit. He in
CURED of the individual who lost the
ring Tor description. He could not give
II, out said he had photograph of his Sis
Ter taken with the ring upon the finger.
which he would bring to the office. He
aid SO, and by aid of microscope it was
discovered that the ring had double
cameo setting. That evening DALEY, who
remains on watch until midnight. was
called in to lease up the letters. and Mr..
Leake stood by to watch him do his work.
he had the ring upon his finger. and Mr..
Leake immediately identified it as the lost
one. He asked Daley where he obtained
the rlnS. An evasive answer was given
about making some kind of a trade with a
chum; Mr.. Leake then said: lyon are
NOT telling me the truth. You stole that
ring 1t came to this Office some DAYS ago.
addressed to Hugo Cool, and was placed
near the window by Mr.. Rider. You stole
1t. 1t is from Hugo Cool's sister, Christ
mas present, and you know it." DALEY
Droke down, owned up, and also admitted
the stealing of another ring from a similar
package. Several amounts of greenbacks
varying from $40 to 500, are reported as
having been missed but Daley denies
these thefts. The Postmaster Immediately
notified the United States Marshal of the
occurrence. The latter arrived last even
ing and arrested DALEY.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23

PACIFIC BANK.-Some one said, +" Banks
are the barometers of the financial atmos-
phere." If that is true. we would argue
from the last statement of the Pacific Bank
that business is in much more flourish
ing condition than our other sources of
information had led us to believe. How
ever, this old institution is always ex-
pected to keep little in advance of its
competitors. and its condition may indicate
a brighter state of business than really
exists.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23
ST. DAVID'S,

s15 Howard ST., near Third, San Francisco.
4 FIRST-CLASS LODGING HOTEL. CON
II tanning 100 rooms; water and gas in each
room; no better beds in the world; no guest al
lowed TO use the linen once used by another: a
large reading-roOm: hot and cold water baths
free. Price of rooms Per night, so and rs cents,
per week, from 81 upwards. Open ell night r.
HUGHES, Proprietor. At Markets. rect Ferry.
Howard. iy2-TuThStf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23

This morning at 8 o'clock prompt, Clunie
& Kiley will sell their full lines of blankets
and shawls much under their original cost
Also, at $50 this evening, we viii sell 200
white Marseilles bed quilts. at 81 05. worth
s2. Clunie & Kiley, cornez K and Eighth
streets.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23

TO MY OLD PATRONS

T STILL oFFER MY VALUABLE SERVICES
Il II you are SO unfortunate as to require them
With mind matured and enriched by studies OF
an advanced order, can safely say that there is
hardly disease in the catalogue of human Ills
that cannat treat 20 s successful issue.
LADlES-I am always ready to assist you. NY
past knowledge has been increased by extensive
experience. i am now able to treat you with
the certainty. of success. No case peculiar 10
your delicate organism beyond ray sure control
My Female Monthly Medicines are superior 10
any offered heretofore, and will be warranted to
have the desired effect in all cnsoa
Those of the public who need my services can
depend Upon gentlemGllly, honorable and SCI
entifc treatment at reasonable rates.
address particularly those who have been in.
iured sy youthful indiscretio1s, and those wl,3
have contracted local diseass1
Persons afflicted can If they prefer, consult
ma ny letter. detailing the symptoms Of the els
ease or trouble, and receive medicines By az
press, with full Instructions. All letters most
be directed: ]. Z. JGSSELYN, u. D., 2l6 Suffer
street. San Francisco. Cal.
Cure warranted in al cases, or no ray 20
quired- Consultation, personally or t< letter,
gratis. Send fez book Comfortable Apartments
Sor patients st my iEs-mary when 6esired,,
with experienced nErsss-
Consultation Parlozs, 226 Suffer st-eet, adioin.
ing the Young Mess Christian Association
Building.
ONCE Eours-Fscn A. N. osp.A
My Diploma hangs In my ofaes.
Purchase my Essay on Physiology and Marri
age. fsx sale ay all newsdeslers.
j. 81. JOSsELYN, NJ. d.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23
LOCAL INTELLIGENCE,
Public-Spirited.

1t is Nell-known fact that excursion
trains frequently pass through Sacramento
bearing tourists east and west, and nearly
all that those people see of the Capitol
city is the view they have of an I'M
slightly character from the windows of
the passing cars, or during their stop over
loT meals at the passenger depot.
1hat many wrong impressions are formed
as 10 the business prosperity of this
city, the nealthfulness of her location. the
magnitude of her business blocks. the
beauty OF her private residences. the
stability Of her public buildings and in
siItuhons of learning, the grandeur of her
churches, her broad streets, and public
parks is not wondered at, for seeing is
believing, and the prospect from the
points named j. anything but inviting
Not long since one of those trains was
detained at the depot in this city
Tor three hours during the middle of the
Jay. ana the tourists were walking about
the platforms ba>king in the sun, and not
one of then. offered TO venture over 10 the
city proper. They We're heard to makeuse
OF many remarks expressive of what they
thought Of the looks of the tumble-down
town, that was the Capital of the great
State OF California. G. w. Carey, proprie-
tor OF the street railway lines, unwilling
that Eastern visitors should 90 away with
such wrong impression of Sacramento.
placed two Of the large open cars at their
disposal. His offer was kindly accepted.
and with Mr.. Carey as guide, were taken
over all the lines in the city. On Tenth
street the cars were stopped, and the visit
ors conducted through the State Capitol
grounds and buildings They were then
taken TO Agricultural Park, where a num-
Der OF the finest racers on the coast were
speeded for their edification. The beauti-
full residences on II street called forth many
expressions of admiration, and the three
hours thus spent with Mr.. Carey proved to
his guests very interesting, and at least one
excursion train to California went away
with correct idea of Sacramento, the
beautiful city of homes.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-23
new YORK STATE!


| The "EvI MING Journal" print (
ed at Albany, the capital of the |
state of New York. j. the bes: aG-
veitising aasdium In the stare, |
and the best daily newspaper. !
| Its Weekly edition Is tue leading |
weekly in New York. aud is sent I
for Fl a year to any part of the |
country, pSstage free. Every |
subscriber To the. Weekly also re- |
ceives erdfei'oUsy a copy OF the |
| last photograph taken OF General
Grant at Mt McGregcr. The SFsu-
WEEKLY JOUENAL IS sent for 81 |
a year. and with it Is sent free II
clqrGe the Grant photo and copy
of the JorRNAL HANDBOOK os
uSFEJ'L ISFnR NATION. Send for
| specimen cory.
W. J. AhKEl l., President,
Albany. y. Y.