The Universalist. [volume] (Chicago [Ill.]) 1884-1897, 1886-10-02
VARIOUS ITEMS.

The keeping of horses in stables in
summer almost as much as in winter,
which in some parts of the East prevails.
is very injurious. Not only is it warm
and unpleasant for the animals thus
treated, but it also deprives them of a
large portion OF natures own washing by
the warm summer rains, and going into
water holes and creeks. This stabling
must or certainly should cause large
amount OF extra labor, for an animal that
loses large part Of natures cleaning
must necessarily need considerable more
cleaning by hand, both of currying and
washing, than an animal that receives all
OF natures washing. In feeding animals,
especially at noon, in summer, it is far
better to have shade trees to feed them
under than to have to feed them in a
stable.
M. Duclaux, through M. Pasteur,
draws attention to the rancidity of butter
He demonstrates that the decomposition
OF butter, which takes place SO rapidly
through warm weather, is not due at the
commencement to microbe, but to the
action of the oxygen of the air on the
butyrine forming butyric acid, and in
quantity proportionate to the prolonged
action OF the oxygen. This does not alter
the alimentary character of the butter,
for in the latter, even the freshest and
the best in quality, traces of that acid ex-
ist Gradually the accumulation of the
acid imparts an offensive odor ana disa-
greeable taste to the butter, when "must"
appears, producing its special fungi.
1t is well for those who plant large
market orchards, says the Country Gen.
ttemGa, to set the trees out by the hun
dred, after having made wise and care
full selection of sorts and thorough
preparation of the ground. 1t will prove
most convenient to set each kind in row,
extending across the orchard, or in two
or more rows, so that in gathering the
spring wagon may be driven directly on
ward without turning. For home supply,
the systematic method is less essential;
but all newly-set orchards, large or small,
should be registered, SO that when the
names are lost, they may be easily re-
stored by referring to the record.
In late report the botanist OF the
United States Department Of Agriculture
as regarding the prevention
OF diseases in orchards: Many of the dis
eases Of our fruit orchards might be rem
edied, or at least diminished, by raking
together and burning the leaves as soon
they have all fallen. Above all, these
leaves should not be used as material for
compost, for it is probable that this would
only serve the better to preserve the vi.
tality of the spores through the winter.
Clean, fresh, dry dirt should be plen.
tifully used in the barnyards and stalls.
1t is not only an excellent disinfectant
and absorbent, but the animals will use
it to wallow in and clean themselves.
The hog that has access to dry dirt will
be easier to keep, while lice on the stock
and in the stables may be prevented by
its use.
The Netc England Farmer advises
that dairy salt and all other salt that is to
be used for human food be kept in clean
packages and away from all foul odors,
for salt will absorb impurities from bad
air, and atterward impart it to food with
which it comes in contact. Serious losses
have occurred from ignorance of this fact.
Cows on good pasture, supplemented
by feed of corn and oatmeal and bran,
viii keep up their flow we'll into the win
ter, and as good butter may be made in
and October as in June.
Winter COWS should be dried of two
months, and when kept dry gaining in
flesh-it will all come back in milk and
butter.