Springfield globe-republic. (Springfield, Ohio) 1884-1887, 1886-04-03
TYPES" AND "GRAPHS'.
VARIOUS INGENIOUS DE VICES FOR
REPRODUCING PICTURES.
The Leading Methods Of what Has Now
Become Very Important Industry
The secret Of Lithograph and the Celia
tine Process -PhotO-Gr.Vure.

tine Process PhOto-Gr.Vur-.
The reprodu ton Of pictures by mechsni-
cal means has within the last quarter Of n
century, become very important industry;
Llthography, long its most considerable
branch has in re ent Years teen effectively
supplemented by photography, and other
processes, which do away with the htho-
graphic stone have developed with amazing
rapiditv None Of the>e have elualled the
eN, ellence Of photographs printed from
negatives, but some Df them have prOdp ed
results that none but the expert can di>tin
gu sh f'um direct photographs They have
greatly cheapened the cost Of reproducing
pi rtur,,s and have proved an immense help
to edu alton. amusement art and business
In all the photo" AMI "tyIe pro eSses a
negative j. the first thing o be obtained,
and in most of them this negative differs
little fr IN that usei in ordinary phOtogra
ply. By mrans Of this negative the picture
is tiVei On the stone. metal or gelatine from
which the impre ,sons are to be printed i'll
hand or steam prrSS
THE SECRET or LITHOGRAPHY.
Let us take first the stone or lithOgraphic
proce ;, as that was the first to be developed
The secret Of lithography, you know, lies in
the aversion Of grease for water. The
greasy lines Of the drawing keep the water
in the sponge passed over the stone from he
ing ABSORBED hv any but the uncovered
part Of the stone Then the parts thu
moistened repel the ink of tine roller passed
over it. while the Inns OF the drawing are
linked The paper placed on the stone is
pressed down and thus printed In photo
photography the Photographic negative does
the work Of the artist who draws on the
photographic stone First from the negative
Is printed a pICtur on sheet Of paper
coated with a mixture Of alhumen. gelatlne,
etc This is transferred to the lthographic
stone by means of ink and press ire For
an example Of photo lithograph" zee The
New York Graphic pictu Is Much more
deli ate work, however, can be produced by
this process.
As the photo lithography NUT lie printed
in a special press and the p~o e-S is slow and
expensive. tor much w0rn it i desirable to
have cuts that an be us Il in the ordinary
printing press. Here phntn-engravng comes
into play. As now apPle in this city. II,
results take three forms. which may be
broadly designated a. liuc etchings ~teren
types and lie. trutyp-S. II yinc etching Is
to b,. made from a photograph, the artist
goes over the photograph with pen and
peculiar ink. known a. transfer ink. and
makes fine drawing of it, When this is
pressed on the polished zinc plate the ink
lines are transferred thereto The ink re
sists the acid that is tn II poured over the
plate. while the acid eats in where there Is
no ink The plate then being fastened to a
wooden bed IS ready 70 be used in the form.
~ ha,-a laa "a IN II ! mas
are made bv the ~swelled ge'atlne" process
After the picture has been printed from the
negative uIon the geIatine, it i placed in
water, AMI the parts not acted upon by
light, are swollen TO slight degree: from
this a plaster mould is taken, from which a
plate is subsequently, 'ast As the depth
obtained by this method is but slight, it has
10 be SUI mitted to the engraver'S skill. to
deepen the lights, the result, when finished
being stereotype plate Of soft type metal,
produ ed partly by photography and partly
by the engrave.''s skill
In the electrotyPs pro ess the picture is
printed on gelatine prepared i'll a little diff
ferent way On removing the gelatine
from the negative, the picture is plainly
seen. every dot and line on the negative
having been duplicated upon the gelatine
by the action of light, which renders the
parts 50 acted upon insu uble, while the
portions of gelatIne prote ted by the opacity
of the negative from the action of light re-
main perfectly soluble, and are washed
away with warm water. leaving the insOlu
bic portions raised and in relief After the
gel!tine tecomes dry it Is fasten to a
metal plate b. means of sh .llac. and then
electrotyped
These processes are rapid and compara-
lively chear. but, a. the drawings must be
all in lines or dots, they cannot have the
half tones found in a photograph and are
lot useful in the most artistic work, but for
newspaper cuts, many magazines and book
illustrations, maps, manuscript, drawings
music diplomas and the like they are bOti
pI actical and economical
PHOTU-GRkVURE-HELIO
A finer class of photo-engraving is to be
seen in the photo gravure. made by a pro
cess that may be called copper plate print
ing 1t is use extensively and with ex.
quisite effect in France. but this has been
put into practice very little in Ameri q
Almost all the fine work in the meshani.
cal reproduction of pictures in this country
has b-en a. comp i,hed by the use of gela-
tine Hundreds of the works of the old
masters have been reproduced here, and
book illustration has teen immensely helped.
not to speak of many minor ways in which
90, d work has been done
Most Prints from gelatine are either hello
types, albertypes, or autOglyPhs; slight
variations in methods give pictures known
by other names, such as photoindotint and
a. tOtypa. In the hehotype process skin
or sheet Of gelatine Is put un Ter the ga
tive in a printing frame. The sunlight
passing through the light portions of the
negative the darkS Of the original hardens
the gelatine beneath, making il more or less
impcrviOus to water. Then this gelatine
= in Is put on IA zinc base, mu b as boy
puts his leather sucker on a stone The
plate of zinc wth a gelatine surface thus
inrmed is PIT in the hehotyPe press and
lhr printing goes on OF this printing
he secret is the aversion of greasy ink for
oistened gelatine Upon sponging the
'inte the parts Of the gelatine soak in
atsr ut in proportion TO their hardness
p II the greasy ink from the roller adheres
the parts of the elatine Just in proper
III TO tie moisture
both the albertype and the autOglyph
nca-s the gelatine film is thinner. and
,,iaad Of being without a base, when
rIHted under the negative, is alta he'd to a
- rom the very start Of the process. In
II ALI ertype process the geiatine film is
owed over a glass plate; in the autoglyph
ROC s. it is flo ed over polished copper
late The pictures oduced by these pro.
s,es ditIer little in general character
eins soft and delicate, while those pro
iu ed by the heliotyPe process are brilliant
and strong. The greatest expense in all
three processes is caused by the lack of
durability in lie gelatine plate Only Il
few score OF pictures can be printed from
single plate. TEen, too, by far the greater
part of the printing must be done by hand
Power presses can be used for some grades
of work, but have not vet been perfected
enough to give the most satisfactory results
Boston Globe
Case of FiIial Solicitude
A Carroll correspondent relates the fol-
lowing: The marriage of one Of the Young