davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
CHARLES A. NIEHAus,

Niehaus, the successful competitor, is a
young man, only 50 years old Though born
in Cincinnati, he is Of German family. It
will probably take a good while for great
sculptor to be developed from the simon pure
Yankee blood. It can make wooden clocks
and sewing machines, but it is not artistic,
and its best friend cannot deny that
The young man began life poor boy. He
commenced to learn wood engraving when
Is years old. But marble chiseling had a
strange fascination for him. Even when try
ing to cut artistic designs in wood something
seemed always to whisper that there his field
and fortune lay. The longing to work in
stone at length became 50 strong in him that
he left the engraving trade, and entered that
of stone cutting. He worked in a regular
marble factory, making tombstones, not to
put too fine point upon it. Here he soon
began to design monuments The first that
attracted considerable notice was an ideal
design Of fireman, seven feet high, for an
interior town in his native state Ohio
fostered her young sculptor, and has a right
to be proud of him. The success of Niehaus'
marble fireman decided him to go to Europe
and study for sculptor. He spent a mum.
Der of years there, mostly in Munich.
SARAH KING
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
A Senatorial OettoF.

WASHINGTON, March Ex-senator John z
Kenna, of West Virginia, who electrified the
sober senate by his maiden speech, Is the
youngest member Of that body. His speech
was defense of the presidents refusal to
give the senate his reasons for making re-
movals from Office. He talked for three
hours extsmpo and it IL seldon that
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

Indiana They havo
oil been pedagogues
in their lives and
are therefore ad-
1nirably fitted for
high school board
examiners, which is
about what their
Office amounts to
Charles Ly m a n
was born in the
New England
states. He served
In the army during
q portion Of the
late war, but was
h- Gcn~o
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

From Cincinnati
the Oberlys went
to Wooster, a hand
some and flourish
ing town in central
Ohio. Here young
Oberly learned the
printing business,
and for q short
period owned and
newspaper. Two.
or three years be-
fore the war he
went to Memphis,
Tenn, but was
driven from there
in Anri1 1891 he
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
The Origin of an Old Custom.

The notion Of oae heat driving out another
gave rise to the old-fasliienes. custom Of
placing burned part near the f:e to drive
out the fire: practice certainly not without
benefit acting On the sa1ns principal as the
application of turpenti1ze aud other s,i,au:anss
70 recent burns. This was ene of the n,alsy
instances OF homeopathic doctrine in OF:
daes.-Dr. BEckLail.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

which he Is better
fitted. William L,
Trenholm was a
commission n mer-
chant until made
civil service COM
missioner last No.
vembsr. he is
about 80 years of
age, and was warm
~ indorsed for the
place Of com1nis-
sioner by leading
friends of the civil
service reform
movement north
and south. He is q
won Of the late Sec
rotary Trenholm of
the treasury Of the
| Southern Confed-
eracy, and WI as
brought into proui-
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

| PROJECTED STATUE OF GEN. r. e. LEE
The site Of the monument is in park, The
foundation Is to be & broad elevated terrace
overlooking the city, tie river ard the valley.
An avenue Of approach to the statue has been
| designed which viii make the effect still more
imposing
A massive pedestal supports the statue,
which is to be heroic size, on horseback The
pedestal is Of granite with inlaid tablets of
colored marble On eech Of two opposite sides
ore two caryatides In granite, four in ALL
They represent peace, Justice, religion and
Rghfsd Rhsfisd Ia DToiiso. At opposite sides Of the
hane are has -raliets Of 'The Departure and
'The Reaurn"
Blk years viii be required to make the
statue and set 1t upon It's pedestal This will
require anothar trip to Europe Oh the part of
Charles A. Nfehaus, the fortunate sculptor
who got the commission. 1t has not been long
since he returned from the old world with his
completed statue of Garfisld for Cincinnati
Every time en- American artist obtains an
order for any fine work II his native country
he must go abroad to make it. America has
not the facilities For stone we have not tho
skilled marble cutters, if indeed we have the
fine marbles. For bronzes we have not the
art foundr;es Americans with fine bronzes
to execute usually 60 to Munich to the gov
ernment foundry there.
The history OF this Lee monument Is inter
esting. Gen. Lee died in October, 1870.
Three days after bis death some Richmond
ladies met at a private house and formed
an association to raise funds to erect
memorial to him. The south was
very poor then, especially Virginin, and i'll
prepared to subscribe for anything outside of
the actual necessities of life. Nevertheless,
Virginia contributed largely. The people Of
Georgia, who are called the Yankees Of the
south, also gave generously. Other states
helped.
At length the ladies' committee opened ne
gotiataons for designs. This WIS number of
years after the project was first set on foot
A prize Of 81, 200 was offered for the best de-
sign for the monument, q GOO for the second
best, and an honorable mention for the third.
Artists of all nationalities were permitted to
compete at length. Fourteen sculptors en-
tered designs }or the prizes. France, Ger
many, Italy and Switzerland were repre-
sented among the foreign artists Some of
the foreigners designs were exquisite, but
they did not seem to catch ths true idea Of
the soldier who was to be oommemorated,
nor would their monuments have suited the
cito
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

responsible part
they take in the
commercial affairs
OF the country. Al
most every interest
depends on the re-
liability Of our rail
road com,nunica-
ton and the broth
erhood has it in its
power to block the
whole system at the
command Of its
chief. In a way his
is a power over
b7lsfneSs Raire
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
His American mother has alvey, bean


Jealous support~of
liberty for Irsland
She has bean al
active worker 10
the Irish National
league. On one oc-
casion, at a meet
ing for Ireland In
the Academy Of
Music, New York,
the whole vast au-
dence rose to their
feet and cheered
h>p ~rhnu ~Ae -nAo
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
WIN. L. TRENHOLM.

nenee lately by llis address before numerous
banksrs' conventions OF the silver question
and his writings on the same subject, which
have attracted wide attention, one paper hav.
kng been read at the bankers' meeting In Chi
eago He served a short term under secre-
tary Lamar as one of the experts of the labor
bureau. Perry BARTON
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
With Power a. Great as

With Power as Great as the President.
The brotherhood CT Locomotive Engineers
was organized in 1868 as benevolent society
by a few engineers Since then it
has grown to be one Of the most
powerful, as well as enc Of the most
intelligent Of labor organizations in the
country. Its intelligence and power comes
from the character Of its members and the
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

that the you n 8
senator received.
Even Senator Ed
nsunds, on whom
this speech was o
most scathing at
tack, did the young
senator the honor
OF re maining
throughout It's de-
livery. Wien the
tall West Vi1ginian
arose 1t was evident
that his fellow mem
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

4 sewing machine, which is held in tee
hand sncs v'orszei hxe a Isair OF sciszors," q
made as Bzidga::e,rt, Conn, tbs saeoc-v e:ss
playing ssventyy-ss I've reo;.s
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
BOOK AND JOB PRINTING OFFICE.

SHE CHIEF 0Hce, Crescent Place, opposite
l. the Msrket-House, is supplied with fine
assortment of t-pe and turns out all kinds Of
plain and fancy Job work in best style At New
Cfleens pricaa. No better end cheaper work is
done anywhere in the State.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING.

INGRY, THE PAINTER. shop at Cheap
VI Tonys Store, corner Mississippi street and
Railroad Avenue. House, Sign and Ornamental
lowest prices. "M
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
CIVIL ENGINEER AND SURVEYOR.

M W. PARTON, Civil Engineer and Sur
N1s veyor-parish Surveyor OF Ascension.
Will attend promptly to work in all branches
OF his professioa, such as surveying, mapping.
lsveling for canals, bridges, rice fumes, estima-
ting cost and supervising construction of same.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
TINSMfTH.
BARRIER SHOPS,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.

LNREDERICK DUFFEL. Attorney at law and
- Notary Public, Office on Chetimaches street
opposite the Courthouse.
DAUL LECHE, Attorney at Law and Notary
L Public, Donaldsonville. Office: on block
below the Court-House. on Attakapas street.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
UNDERTAKER.
MILLINERY.

MRS. NJ. BLUM. Nlilliuer. Mississippi street.
Vl between Lesaard and st. Patrick. Latest
styles Of Bonnets, Hats, French Flowers. etc.;
also. all kinds of Ladies Underware.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03
HOTELS AND HoARD1NG-noUsEs.

ROBERT E. LEE HOTEL. Crescent Place
~ ~ opposite the steamboat landing. tho most
concentrations at reasonable rates Elegant
bar, billiard. and pool room attached. J. j. La.
fargue, ProPrietor.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1886-04-03

1t will be the aim of the new management to
conduct the establishment in manner that
will insure the favor and patronage of the local
and travelling public and they solicit trial Of
the advantages afforded by the Riverside as
a hotel and general pleasure resort,
New-York tribune., 1886-05-23
DEATH or JOSEPH GALL.

Joseph Gall, the Optician, whose shop In
Union Sauare has been landmark for ten years. died
Yesterday from Inflammation OF tn. bowels at the house
OF his friend Dr. Zoluowski, No. 33 West siKeen;h-s
Mr. Gall was eighty-one years old. although his friends
that OF ho not In the habit OF taKhg
much abOut age and that he was once heard 10 say
tnat he was boy OF twelve n the year OF Napoeons
retreat from Russia He was born IN Prussia not iai
from Berlin, but left Germany as boy ana went 10
London II was there that hs learned his trade as an
optclan. From London he went to Lincoln ana sci up
shop Of his own lie prospered and married daugh-
ter oi and who followed TO this country about looo
MI Gall declared that the taxes In Lincolnshire" were
too high and lie would not live under such govern
ment. In America he settled first at Albany. he
opeued shOp and soon dong n prosperous Dusl-
ness. He used TO tell many anecdotes OF lnurio"
Weed Hamilton Fish aud many other celebrated men
who lived In Albany IN those days Fire. however
New York HIS first shop THIS city IN John-st,
thence to the Bowery and about ten years ago
he made his last Removal to Union square. MI pai.
lived with his wife III stuyyesant square be1'
door to ST. Georges Church. lie owned an
other house In Irving place, next door 10 tIc
W-stminaier Hotel and third In Williamsburg he
had o children out he adopted hs nephew Charior,
About years ago Mrs Gail died, and her husoanu
bas lived since time with his adopted son AZ tue
Westminster Hotel Mr. Gall usoi TO 20 to Europe
every year month OF April 10 purchase goods oa'
Matthew Rock, the tailor. Was passenger frigDlcnon
aud caused him To postpone his departure IN sp."
Of ma his hair black. lie spoke EnHlish Win
slight
New-York tribune., 1886-05-23
4 KIRNESs IN THE OPEN AIR.

NOVEL FEATURfs-woRKING TO AID THE SKIN AND
CANCER HOSPITAL
TIE arrangements for the kirmess to be gwen
on Thursday and Friday aid OF the New-York skin ard
Cancer Hospital inhe open air at Thiryourth ST. and
Fourth-svc promises to be most novel and enjoyable
entertainments Tho festivities will be more particularly
for tho benefit OF the country branch
OF the hospital Just opened ut Ford
ham Ueighis near High Bridge. Among the
novel attractive features of the kirmess
will be twenty beautiful young Ladies' who have been
selected to take charge OF the booths whero
arrange variety OF articles will be on
sale The entertainment has the additional recon-
mendaton that given 10 enae m.Gca ,IO't trcs sTo
ment afforded hy the hospital to receive
on large sale tickets Of admission to the grounds
IA 1t is from this source rather thah from 'ne
sale OF articles that the charity fund OF
the Cancer Hospital prcted 10 be increased Ihe at
tanment of this well nigh imperative to the success,
ful maintenance Of the work OF the hospital
OF poor patients that have come under I.s care. .
ii Is expressly stated by the managers OF e tne
Kirmess mat no visitor to the grounds VIII
be solicited buy and payment Of the entrance Zee VIII
enutle any one 10 enjoy the many many f., hove. ,ne
eSan olsn' a- wn''a I there is only one entrance
to grounds II s advisable that tickets be purcha'e
In advance OF some ono OF tho the lsdy man
ayers to delays he gate Among those who nave
this worthy charitable entertainment In charge are MIS-
Mrs Charles saokett, A. C. Gray Dnsmore, MISS
Dinsmore. Miss NJ ,bel Wright Miss Walker. MIS- A. NJ
Dodge Mrs Alexander Leth, Mrs. Laurence HopA KIDS,
Mrs Auder iese and Mrs. Darrell Worden.
New-York tribune., 1886-05-23
MR. OBRiEN DOESN'T GE1 THE BOOKS.
TIE RECEIVER RECEIVES NOTHING YET.

IE CAN HAVE ACCESS TO THEM, HowEyER-No
FURIHrR ACTION TILL TUESDAY.
Receiver O'Brien applied on Friday to Thomas II.
Mclean. IA secretary OF the Broadway Surface Rail-
road Company for the books and papers of that cor
porntion. Mr. Mclean decnei to deliver up tho
books and submitted the demand to Colonel George
Bliss, the counsel of the company. Yesterday Colonel
Bliss sent Mr. O'Brieu II . following ans
eltor without date sig ed y was Yesterday handed
me 9r answer In that letter state that you are Informed
surface ar ad company and demand that deliver
nn 10 yIn as 6ec OF .at c ar SG linz hiG iSe
enar'er OF the broadway suIfce I'aroaa coTpny wa,
S. o Gay Mcre s % II II H a%a r. ssg Sse c a.
PM and william hlrd These gentlemen were
to was sgned they were constituted by provisions
o tie Revised atue trustees t. wind up the AFFAIRS OF he
persoua act entered upon the
Of their duties a. sach trustee and have been
are adee by counsel that have not alleged ca
them. aad that they right you the
adrisei ana hat there"ro lie not
on OF things has arisen where counsel dfer as TO- ths nights
'',' SsSo S suggest that procSedng.
procuring an andlcation Of the question, involved only
one OF the trustees above referred 70 has MT Mclean any re-
your obtaining them yo enod their custody,
deprive you Of access to them have therefore to
SAY thai prepared counsel to the trustees to aranse
of them.
VIII see that proper stipulation they are IN
trusted TO counsel for his examination lie has area
uly ned them his capacity 10 the Railroad
Committee Of the copies Of The chef entries In
them are printed in The pro eengs OF that committee rs
therefore, obvions that there nothing In the which there
can he desire to conceal Mt Mclean however har no
bower To turn these books to T. ne 40 DESIRED
inc trustees re advised tt you nave no right TO demand
such possession hey Will facilitate in way the adJucl
Gallon OF their and claims and pending such
acJuiicauob will aiOri Won any facilities you dc9lre
Mr.. OBrien said that nothing further would be dono
in Broadway matters from his side of the case until
next Tuesday. lie left his Office early but said that he
was not going to Albany to consult the Attorney
General only ont Of town Sunday. Mr. Seward
also SAID that there would be no further until
Tuesday. What action will then be taken could not
be learned Ii is supposed that application Will be
made the court compel the Broadway aud seventh
Avenue and the iweuty-third Street companies to
make an arrangement to pay the receiver percentage
OF their receipts for the OF the surface roads tracks,
Mr.. Sharp. through Stickney & shepard the counsel
of the Twenty third Street road. informed Mr. . Brlen
yesterday that the directors wonld consider his de-
man at their next meeng. This answer is Identical
with that OF the Seventh Avenue Company. The d.
rectors will simply decline to recognize Mr.. OBriens
authority, holding that his appointment Is unconstu-
tlOna.
New-York tribune., 1886-05-23
Royal Elixir.
ROYAL ELIXIR
EOY AL ELIXIR


DIED
.vnprws On Nav 2l stephen Pearl Andrews aged "a
y8psrsi services this Sunday a, at Masonic Hail.
iJthst, neaf 81 ave- .
pnowN Elm BROOKLYN tho 2lst in,t Francis b.. wife
Of Thomas - and da ightor OF Henry g. Dennis
FnSsa services at residence 767 Washing ave-
BIOosyn aoaday 5a,h ls. q, a. III m,Iv m
New London papers please copy
mo LEWIs-At Yonkcrs Y. Nav 81 1895. DiO Lewis.
Funeral services sl1,, No Alb south Broad
way Yon.er. X az 1yo S p M; , 5anaa'; ' nay 3D.
PROS T-Suddenly Friday NAV 81, Caroline A. widow OF
charles l.. frost in The 6Uth year OF her age n
from her late residence AZ west a@us" Oh ucs
d,y Nav 25, at $50 p
Portsmouth y. H. papers please copy.
GALL-Joseph Gall In his o-dy year . ,,,,. 49,,
6Ih.aye on Monday, May a. at 10 O'CLOCK. Friends arc
res jectfully invited TO attend
No bowers.
IopEwICK-In Brooklyn. MAY o. 1895, John VI. Lode
W ck formerly Of NewYorK. aged s3 years ,, ,.
nsrs from his residence lI5 PARK place. Brooklyn
Oh tuesday, May %. AT y N
MEKRIrr-In Brooklyn. on May y Charles OEins,Un' u
only child Of James hayiahd ard Adele Ovinston Met''
The funec. b. private at the residence OF ms grand
father Merritt l54 Lonerts Place. on Aiohnay'
Nay "a. al 10 a.
PLrkR,EN-At Honesdale. Penn. on saturday. May ~.
charlotte Roth. wiieoi charles Pelef'en
Funrlai services Monday, May ~ h 5 O'CLOCK.
nOOTIn BRISTOL Conn., MAY 10 Helen. youngest daughter
OF tbs ate joe. Il. hoot aged - years.
ROskNCKANlZ- .On >aurday morning, May -. Mary -
aiuel wlfsO. NnI.~m ~. hOsehoi oiaAtI =, ....,., ~.
Relatives and trends uvsei 10 attend The innera az hr
late reslence Honokus y J.. Gu iue,iAy May 30 at
rra.a iG caves "a chambes-sL. Now.YoFk, 1920 In.
row NoEND-At Ne@.lor@ aiy =. Robot only son o'
= IN the 32d year o has
FunrrAi at syracuse.
NHlIE-on na'ur 'ay ~ ~ ana a. tle It" %Snaa wlio
and sIAnlson lAto FeteIioA j. Barnard of Albany
New-York tribune., 1886-05-23
DECISION AGAINST MUSICIANS

The recent troubles of Gustaye Anberg, OF
the IhaA Theatre, brought about hy the Carr sahh
Cub OF Musicians because he employed non-union mu
slciAns Ia his orchestra at the theatre terminated III
lawsuit which tired yesterday before Justice AHIo"
the Fourth ID street Court A band or iuusl
clans brOugnt from Germany To wOrk Win tue .,
ciestrl IhaA Tho contracts had not been mAuc
by the musicians with Mr. Aubcrg, but the latt-r maze
MS arrangements Win ono Hermann Brcno VINO aete.
AS director Of the band Tho Carl SAhm cub he'fu "'
the aud ordered the discnar-r OF tie he" ch
ana tlc en- plOyinrut of union mon. MI AmheTg wa
controlled yield to these demands aui hc paid b'
r-hrr over 500 In settlement Of the claims O u"
the musicians. The other musicians declared t".
they had received their salary aud that Mr. hbei-
responsible for IL The evidence showed thA' .nV
musicians had not made any personal contract WIN ~
Ambcg but that Bflrrrr had contracted Tor iheih any
Was IN the htht OF paying them. Mr. Amb-rs decIaI.u
that be al nothing 10 do with the musician. thchssN
and that ne had receipt fun settlement from thci'
director. Wiih whom he lad made Ill, ari'hgelh""''
Justice 5toekor gave judgment for Mr.. Amber y.
New-York tribune., 1886-05-23
READINGS FORECLOSURE PETITION.

PHILADELPHIA, May 22.-lhe hearing upon
the petition OF general mortgage bondholdors OF the
Reading Railroad Company FOR foreclosure under 'Ha'
mortgage was continued before Examiner Pollock 10
day. The attendance OF capitalists WAS unusually large
Thiriyslx witnesses called to-day and the'r 'rS
mony had reference to the Identity oi Signatures ." ~
netition for foreclosure under tho general mortsase
rh.re er, over A hlndrei moro to be examined. The
hearing waa continued until Wednesday next ;" Dun
bar Lock ood chairman OF the General Mortgage hoh
holders Committee stated after tho examination tha'
roo had SO far made by eighythree witnes'o' o
the ownership OF s2.624.OOO general uotls"Eo o", n,
-, ma ,e me psper directing the trustee 10 proceed
WAS signed last fall which Is Sl5GOOO IN excess OF he
.mount r,anlred II signatures are accspte OF hp'e o
al ,.t faII and that the boniholders pave
,s,aed that they to-day own Sl7o3000 VI the identi-
New-York tribune., 1886-05-23
Post 0nice Notice.

tshoud DAILY by all lnterss,sl chaay,s nay
for for!n colnre, n,e n)t os so'say sirsnl
Tor dispAIca py 1ny ptr.cta sitnT M
ments letters not specially aiirs'''l Dhh5 ''A' " ''
Foreign mails or tho week enia, Nay - viii cIDi,
PWOMPILY in al cases a. this 0iic5 - tJ.lp"s
Antilla at 25o pm ron, Brush and spanish honduras.
Guatemala and NIclra5ui. per hato Car o. rom
rUEsDA? for CAPE IIAy'1 , st. Domingo =, and r.,
para Maranham and CesrA Brilil per - Jerome
KcSe va 'S se @as
bedreeei poo City Of ,.'nle A. o,2 m ns ,9r %e,'
(et ePs Britain aud other european Confines
direcr, per S. lab sior wa lisyre etters must be i:
reced at La M i2[ J4mte A. Vnisea
Paeine Ports per > Aisa va hlhSs'on ue''e'' ioe
THURSDAY AT s:j5 a m for Europe pcrs Republic.
Via enstOwn deter, FOR France ,'enany & a. must
Ge,m4gy &C. per .e'a Isat wa Pn aai oast ht
European countries must be directed per Lees a.. al
FRipAlAs a. m for St fisrre MqueOa per steamer
from IAN Wara a. r. z rom o. "a xe% S rIean. at = 80 p Tor
Costa :. Riea S per I. !; Fo1ha ron -oriolns,
f%Tness. via Glasgow dSieTs iireei; per
schsiam a va va mstera lSs ne eer
eest dS'c psr R%sasad va Anl%erS st:eS, b
aud. aud !, per Ps" ; 5 Mirania,
A's .u for as soe 19s %y 'aS 5
Mails Mails og G9aa Fas3d . Jsn %e Psr Ssrs nav a5 ri02
nDn >. M. Mns FOR aas;rala Ses z,al,ai sani"iea.
snS sesaP eos hers saS M % s n ae
S s @ s pnG m wa IN % srn ma mss an. ipf osas, Aa
by from Key West Fla. close at this oiee daily
at 2:3Oa IN
the presumption Of tasir unaterrapsi oysrIi trala:
to IAN F.nc,So on M. 5 S@ s E,; sas os as
patched thence the same day n,,,nso, o...,.
Post ONCE, NewforN y. Y, May Il, 1851