The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1886-01-08
AN AND DEMOCRAT, BLOOMSBURY, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA

should NOT be open to women, and that she
Is incapable OF filing them she has, not
withstanding, proven herself capable of
learning business by experience. Many
women are working to-day shoulder to
shoulder with man.
Professor o. ii. Bakeless, Principal of
the schools of Catawissa, gave an explana.
ton Of the differert samples Of work on
exhibition done in those schools. He said
they were presented there without being
touched up by the teachers, and came di.
rect from the hands Of the pupils.
Professor Corew then answered the fol
lowing questions! ''Do you approve Of the
use of the rod in the schools" He said
that was hard question to answer, since
it is very broad one Whipping is evi.
dence of teachers inability to control the
boy he whips. There is good place in
| every heart. 1t is our business to find 1t.
Whipping is not the right thing to do, but
1t is sometimes necessary. The next ques
tion was, docs not the present system ere
ate insubordination in school, home and
state" He answered that it did.
Rev. Garfield, of Orangeville, addressed
the Institute on "Moras in the Schools
Tnc teachers, he said, should seek not only
| to pour into the children a certain amount
OF arithmetic, geography etc, but to make
good men ana women as well. The seeds
| OF morality or immortality are sown young
aud they should not be allowed to sprout.
We can teach by example as well as by
precept. Also truthfulness, honesty and
purity generally need TO be looked after.
DIR. Croft talked next on "The Eye
He used an artificial eye in his demonstra.
tiops.
DR.. Waller spoke on "Arbcr Day."
A great revolution is taking place in re.
gard to tree planting. AS leaders of pub
lie thought We can't lie back and wait till
we are urged forward by public opiEon.
Here is the subject presented to the public
| and we want to have clear views on it. 1t
demands our attention as matter of
economy. The lumber interests In this
country are enormous and at the present
rate the timber will all soon be cut off.
The water in the Schuylkill is so per cent
less than it was sixty years ago. This is
due to dcnuding the face of nature--cut-
ting off the trees. The earth is kept
spongy by the trees and water soaks into
it instead of running off. Tree planting
will awaken an interest in the pupils in ma
ture. Adjourned till a. M, Thursday.
DEC. 81, FORENOON sEssIoS.
The Institute was opened with music.
Devotional exercises were conducted by
DIR. Monroe. Prof. Corlew continued the
subject of Geography" He gave some
plans for reviewing the products of the
world.
Miss Partridge was the next speaker.
She said If she knew what was in the
minds of the teachers she could assist
them more. Some teachers think the new
methods discard text books entirely. This
is mistake; under the new methods
more text books are used than under the
old. The advocates of the new method
use text books but do not abuse them A
variety Of text books creates an interest in
the class. Speaking of the time given to
a rec iation, she said school officers try to
make teachers slaves of time. They try
to teach the schools from their homes.
DR.. Croft discoursed next on the "Nerv-
Gus System" The nervous system con-
tains white and gray matter. Each has a
peculiar kind of structure. Outside of the
brain has gray matter. This matter is
made up of cells. These cells are not
round, but look like an insect with numer.
Gus legs. The white matter is made up of
hbers. Each fiber has n sheath on outside,
and inside white matter acting like India
rubber. We cannot place the point of
needle on the body without touching
nerves. The brain consists of two parts
the cerebrum and the cerebellum. The
cerebrum is the seat of the intellect. 1t is
the organ of >he mind-the seat of sensa-
ton and of pain. The cerebellum is the
seat of the power which controls the mus
cles. The nervous system is the most i'm
portant part of the body.
Miss Partridge showed her method of
teaching reading to primary pupils. She
took six small children from the audience
and gave each OF them flower. After
they all told what they held in their hands
she wrote the name of the object on the
board She wrote the name on different
parts of the board and they were able to
read under any circumstances. She said
she used this method to stimulate thought
by assocating the object itself with the
name. She then questioned the children
on the flower making it the subject for
language lesson.
Mr.. ]. c. Brown spoke next on the sub
ject "How Can Directors Help to Raise the
Standard of Teachers" He said it was his
design to present only few thoughts and
leave the subject for others to discuss. AS
to the work the directors have to perform
he said there is a mistaken notion abroad
that the director has performed his duties |
when he has laid the tax, collected the tax, |
hired the teacher, and month
y Peiu shS tSuthSi' ~ 10 uilothhC |
hat directors have had no experience |
n educational matters, that they are unable |
o judge of methods of procedure. The
public schools have provided an education
lot for those who wish to enter the learned |
but for the boy and girl who
Expect to engage in the practical affairs of
ife. The directors are generally chosen
rom the average intelligence of the CON-
nunity, and certainly know something of
What is necessary to produce the ends de-
ired-what branches should be taught and
What methods used. Directors are
bile to judge of results produced.
The directors can aid materially in ad-
ancing the standard of teachers by insist
ng that difference be made in the salary
aid. This difference should be based on
terary qualification aud the ability to i'm
art information. The teacher that can
btain certificate whose average is three
not qualified to command as much pay
5 he who has an average of one. Nor is
ne that has had no experience in teaching
he right to demand as much as the one
nat has. They will also raise the standard
teaching by making "A difference he |