St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1886-09-04

Uncle Joe took the advice, and tn
next day, when he carried the tram,
d to town and turned him over to tn
authorities. he sent the fifty dollars t,
n the man he was owing, thankful tha
0 he had it to send. Il wouldn't hav
had it fit hadn't been for your pluck, ;
S he said to his nephew. IL tell yo,
!, what it is, Willie, you did something :
G good many men wouldn't have daret
t do"
And Uncle Joe was right. .-Eben E
Rerford, in american igricul,urist.
MODERN WAR SHIPS.
, What Would be the Cost of a Perfect YES
; sci Suitable for War Purposes.
The best rough measure of the value
OF modern war ship is the weight o
water she displaces. for this equals the
weight of the ship and her contents
and the greater it is the larger her hui
can be, the thicker her armor. the more
powerful her engines. the heavier hel
guns and the greater her coal and am
munition capacity.
Aperfect war ship would be one able
to resist any .projectile or torpedo and
to pierce any armor made, and ut the
same time to throw a greater weight oi
metal per minute, to turn more rapidly
and to steam faster and further than
any other.
| Ability to resist any projectile or
torpedo would necessitate great thick
ness OF armor and heavy inner bot
tom; ability to pierce any armor would
require very large guns; ability to
throw greater weight of metal per
minute than any foreign war ship would
render necessary considerable num-
ber of guns. and these would require a
considerable space to be projected.
which means considerable extent of
armor.
We can see at glance that the
weight of guns and armor alone would
be enormous, and that in consequence
the ship would be immense. since she
must be not only as large rs volume
of water of equal weight. but larger. in
order that she may possess sufficient
reserve buoyancy to float her when Il
sea comes on board. or when water
tight compartment fills after torpedo
explosion or 4 collision. But the ship
must be large enough to float, in addi-
ton, her machinery and coal. and these
would be very heavy, since the boilers
and engines must be very powerful in
| order to secure the necessary speed,
| and must have an enormous supply of
coal at hand in order to steam the
necessary distance.
Clearly. perfect war ship would be
an exceedingly heavy and expensive
one. An English naval architect in a
recent lecture before the Royal Naval
College stated that war ship. to be
even approximately perfect, would
least 92,OQO.000!
Since perfection can not at anv prac.
| ticable cost be attained in any one war
ship. the only thing to do is to design
a number for different purposes. seek
ing in each certain excellencies, and
resigning others. In heavily-arm-
ored ship, in which power of offense
and defense must be very great, the
weight allowed must be expended prin-
cipally in guns and armor, SO that
great speed and coal endurance have
to be abandoned. In Il cruiser. on the
other hand. speed and coal endurance
are essential. so that armor and heavy
guns must be resigned; while i'm
gun-boat heavy guns and great speed
must be secured. and armor and coal
endurance sacrificed.
Furthermore. speed is comparatively
an easy thing to get in a ship. if we are
at liberty TO make her as long, as mar
nd dam
place the boilers. engines and steam
pipes in convenient positions. But a
long ship will not turn so quickly asa
shorter one, yet hardness is almost as
important in war ship rs speed; Il
long ship can not have so thick armor
as a shorter one carrying an equal
weight of armor, and she is easier to
hit. To make war ship deep forces
on her the naval disadvantages of great
draught, which prevents her from en-
tering some harbors and from chasing
vessels near some coasts; and boilers,
engines and steam-pipes have to be
crowded below the water line to pro-
tect them from projectiles. Is it mat
ter for wonder, then, that war ships
are not so fast rs some passenger
steamers whose requirements are so
simple?
1t is sometimes urged that war ships
should carry great deal of sail in or
der to be able to stay long time at
sea without going into port for coal.
But masts and spars are very heavy;
they fall on deck when struck in action
and kill men, and they present such
resistance to the air that they decrease
the speed when a ship is fighting under
steam alone-which is the only way in
which ship can fight. Moreover. if
a war ship should be caught under sail
by a hostile war ship under steam
alone, she would simply be in the posi-
ton of a ship unprepared meeting
ship thoroughly prepared to fight; and
while she had her men aloft furlinS
sail and clearing ship for action"
the other could be knocking holes in
her hull with heavy guns and killing
the men aloft with Hotchkiss and Cat
ling machine guns.-B. 4. Ftske, Lieu
tenant y. S. N, in " Y. Post.
NO." snappishly said the sum.
mer clearinghouse keeper to Mrs.
Culture, of Bost IN, who was inuuirino