Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-12-15

lnches, Callstoga, IN Nspa county, Az lncnes,
Los Angeles IA inches and San Diego inches
! might here say that in Any country where
there is 20 inches of RAINFALL irrigation is unne-
cessary for ordinary fruits At the city OF Paris,
in France. the annual rainfall is - inches, at
Marseilles % inches at Bordeaux "a inches The
average temperature of Pensacola, Florida, In
winter, is 54o, although frequently the tsmpera-
ture falls far below any known in California.
For instance, last year the st. Johns river was
frozen over, and large portion of the orange
and lemon trees of that State were seriously IN
jured or destroyed. At Benicia, in California,
the average temperature in winter Is Az Fan
renheit; at San Francisco 500, at San Diego 5io,
Los Angeles zoe. Thus it will be observed that
our climate north and south, is indeed more
equable than the climate of any other portion
of North America: for in summer, and especially
in our summer nights, the temperature is not
nearly as high as il is either in Florida or any
of the other Southern or Eastern States. while
the days may be warm, yet owing to the dryness
of the atmosphere the heat is never oppressive.
THE ORANGE AND ITS CULTURE.
The orange only grows in the most favored
localities of climate and soil. 1t is native OF
India, and from the earliest times grew wild
along the southern slopes of the Htmalaya
mountain range north of Calcutta, in that vast
region watered by the tributaries of the Ganges.
When America was discovered there were no
oranges on the western continent. The orange
tree possesses wonderful vitality. DR.. Neish
said. in a lecture delivered in 1884 in Kingston,
jamaica that it was almost impossible to tell
how long an orange tree will survive under
statement by saying that there was one orange
| tree at the Convent of Santa Sabina Rome 6S4
years old. 1t is known that the orange groves
planted by the Moors at Cordova in Spain. still
flourish and bear abundantly, and that at the
Moorish palace of Alcazua there is an orange
tree COO years old. The orange requires sun
shine. The trees should be planted widely
apart. The limbs of one tree should never in
terlace or meet the limbs of another tree. Heat
and water are both necessary to the full devel-
opment of the orange. This tree win flourish
in a bI1ta all should
be enriched for the orange, and wood ashes,
| sandy loan and old manure is the best for that
purpose.
In Europe the orange grows well as far north
as the forty-second degree OF north latitude.
None OF the orange producing parts of Calltor-
mia reach beyond that. AS to temperature,
the orange fourishes best where the medium
temperature is about forty in winter and eighty
degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. No place
in California is that cold in winter. The seed
ling orange stands the cold better than gratis
and lives much longer and bears better. Grated
trees bear earlier, but they are short lived. and
rBrely produce abundantly more than fifteen TO
twenty years.
OLIVE CULTURE
The olive fills most conspicuous place in the
fruit culture OF California. Santa Barbara
county is at present far in the lead in olive cult
ure Let me here say, that the three counties
of San Luis Obispo Ventura and Santa Barbara
are eminently suited to the olive. The olive is
a profitable tree IN California. Italy is one of
the great olive-producing countries. The terri
miles California has l56, 591 square miles. Italy
is situated between the thirty eighth and forty
sixth degree of north latitude, and has popu-
lation of IS 100000 In 1878, 2,22i 900 acres of
land in Italy were used in the cultivation of the
olive alone, which produced in oil about 9O000-
900 of gallons, besides pickles and other uses to
which the olive was applied. The whole olive
crop of Italy brings in an annual income of
about 600. California is the home of the
olive. The possibilities of olive culture in this
State are simply boundless. The olive tree will
stand great drought, will grow among rocks,
and often on poor land, viii flourish on fifteen
inches of rainfall year. 1t prospers along
fences and on avenues, and in uncultivated
places in Central and northern California it re-
Quires no irrigation. 1t bears but one good
crop in two years; is a beautiful evergreen can
be propagated from cuttings; lives to great
age, and increases in product until it is twenty
TO thirty years old. It's true home is near the
sea coast.
AIMoND-GRowING.
The almond grows well and produces well in
Calfornis. This is q semi tropical nut, and is q
native of Barbary, Africa. 1t stands drought
well, and prospers best in friable land A large
part of California north and SOUTH is especially
adapted to the almond 1t will stand frost down
to ten or fifteen degrees above zero, Fair. will
grow without irrigation in all of the north and
central portions of the State, and in most of the
south.
But the capabilities of California to produce
all these things is not enough nor is it enough
to produce them in great abundance. We must
have population TO do this. We cannot have
that population unless we offer inducements for
| them to come here. When people come here to
make home with US, they must have an oppor
tunity to buy one at reasonable figures, and, if
| need be, to buy a few acres of land only. In
my judgment, that man is infinitely more useful
| to this State who can teach people here how to
| make money from small farms, than he who has
| ample means when he comes here to buy a large
| one. The mistake in Central and northern
California has been that much of the good land
| was held in vast tracts by few wealthy people
! who would not sell in small pieces at fair fig
ures This was a mistake. Happily this is
changing fruit farms can now be obtained at
fair prices in the most favored localities The
| best proof of this mistake will be readily OBJ
| served IN the present condition of
| ORR FooTHILL COUNTRY.
However rugged and forbidding these foot
hills once seemed to us, they are now being set
| tied up rapidly by an industrious and intelligent
people, even though the land has to be cleared
| of timber and grubbed cut before it can be cul.
| tivated. Take Calaveras, Amador, Ell Dorado
| Placer, Butte, Yuba, Shasta, and even part of
| Nevada county. forming a large portion of the
| foothtll country in Central and northern Cali
| fornia, agriculture and horticulture have, in the
past few years advanced amazingly. | am in
| formed by reliable authority that at least one
! half of the foothfll lands, which were once
| deemed next TO worthless, have either been
| taken up, fenced or cultivated within the last
five or six years. The other half is still unoccu-
| pied. Compare Newcastle and auburn, Napa
| valley and Sonoma and Vaca valley to some of
| the other localities where lands were and still
| are held in large tracts only, and the compare
| son is immeasurably in favor of the localities
| where small farms exist and where the people
| commenced poor.
| In Placer county there were no Mexican
| grants. The land was public land. Poor people
| commenced to settle there because they could
| get home there, and for a reasonable price
In Vac1 valley, which to-day is one of the most
delightful fruit-growing portions of the State
| land was cut up and sold in small lots and
though it is favorable locality for fruit vet but
for the small farms it is certain this never would
| have been known. In Napa valley, where
nearly one-third of the wine of this State is
made, and where there are 100 wine-cellars be-
sides many orchards, the land was early divided
| up in small tracts and sold to small purchasers
Around Los Gatos, in Santa Clara county, and
| in some portions OF Santa Cruz, the same thing
is most notably observed. So 1t is also to a yery
large extent in old Sonoma valley. Indeed Won
may go away up north and note the improve
ments in Shasta county, remote as it is from q
market, nearly all woods, which has to be
| cleared for cultivation, the clearing of which
| requires vast deal of labor and yet no north
ern county is increasing in population more
| rapidly. Most of the land there was public
| land.
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS.
But, my friends, there is still another evil in
| California which we are alone to blame for and
! which we must remedy If we would encourage
| an enlightened and Christian immigration to our
| State. And to remedy this we must talk about
| it, and if need be denounce it. If we would
make this State attractive to the best class of
man who commits murder feel sure that the
| galows staTes him in the face; that he cannot
| any longer fool the jury that is to try him. or
| befog the Court before whom his trial is had
| and that maudlin sentimentality which forgets
| the innocent dead and believes only the story
| of the criminal who is alive, shall no longer
prevail in tots State; but rather that the peace
and security of society, well as the fair fame
| of our State, shall be upheld by the certain
| punishment of criminals and if need be to the
| fullest exten. of the law.
| In a land where nature has been so unsparing
in her generous gifts man should not mar or
defaee the beautiful prize. Where all inanimate
things are so near perfection, man alone should
not be imperfect. The great mountains which
sit in majestic solitude behind US, the ocean
] that lies in measureless distance before u.s. the
sunny sky that arches above our heads, and the
| eXhaustless treasures of the earth beneath our
feet, should inspire us to the nOblest and purest
| ambition that can animate the human heart.
| We have reached the boundary line. Let this,
| the stopping place on the ives ward march of
| empire, be made as iilustrious by man saehieye-
ment as it is marvellous in the greatness and in
| the abundance of Gods bounty.
GENERAL N. P. CHAPMAN
Was then called for and made an i'm
promptu, stirring address. full of vigor and
good suggestion. He believed in going to
Los Angeles with part of the exhibit, and
showing to the Eastern people there the
proof of our claims. He pointed out that
We are comparatively idle in our own be-
half, while our brethren in the south are
/ up and doing and have raaped benefits of