davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

What has become Of the wonderful Shake
speare cipher which Ignatius Donnelley dis
covered? He says he hasn't time to publish
the astonishing results Of his researches be-
cause he has been nominated for the legisla-
ture! II RDonnelley doesn't hurry up, the next
century will regard him as sun-myth.-
Wdshi,aqton Post. qr..
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Complete assortment OF all silk, satin and
gros grain ribbons. Just received, at Wasem's.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Married.-By the Rev. A. R. Barlow, at the
Hope House, Saturday evening, October 3Oth,
1885, Mr. Charles T. Henry, Of Page, Cass Co.,
D. T., to Miss Josephine Bermen, Of Clarkssille,
Ohio
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Ihaye full line Of samples of ready made
clothing, representing $10O,000 stock. I can
sell you suit from IS up to $25. Mems pants
from SO up. Boys' and children's suits. Ialso
have nice line Of samples from Geo. w.
Simmons & Co., Boston. can take your
measure and get you a suit made to order,
warranted to fit. Come and see me If you
want anything In the line Of clothing.
n, Fl, WASEM,
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

The room over Douglass l. Milligan's saloon
is being fitted up as an oyster saloon.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Postmaster Rice reports the following letters
remaining in the postofficc: Bhemann Fred,
Bassett j. L., Green E. G. Miss, Haynes Miles
Mr., Kelly Annie Miss, Lathrop c. M. 2, Peters
Wesly Mr., Rowan Charles Mr., Sherry Henry
Mr., Skillman Fred A., Swartzall Henry. When
calling for the above please say advertised.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

TheArtificial Manufacture Of Quinine.
A remarkable discovery, by which the price
OF quinine may be reduced to something like
six cents per ounce, says the London Lancet,
has been made by Mr.. Cresswell Hewett. The
synthetical manufacture of quinine was first
suggested to Mr.. Hewett, in 1859, by the late
DR.. Mattheson, Of st. Bartholomew's Hospital,
while giving his assistance in course of ex-
periments in connection with apomorphia.
Subsequently, Professor Parkes, of Netley.
aided with his advice, and to these gentlemen,
rather than to himself, Mr.. Hewett modesty
explains that the process is due. The impor-
tance Of this discovery is rendered greater by
the fact that while hitherto we have been de-
pending for our quinine on the cultivation Of
the cincbona tree, from whose bark only about
2 per cent. Of good quinine can be extracted,
9S per cent. being valueless, the drug can now
he manufactured without limit by very sim
pie process from an article which can always
be got in abundance in any part Of the world.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

New line Of dress prints, st waseR's.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Buckwheat flour and maple syrup, at
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Mrs. Rimball, mother of Porter Kimball, hal
returned to Minneapolis for the winter.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Thomas Bean, an old bachelor living in Will
low Lake township, mysterioUsly disappeared
on the 9th Of October and nothing has been
seen OF heard of him since. The evening be-
fore he was talking with one Of his neighbors
but expressed no intention Of going away.
The door Of his house was closed but not
locked, and his cat was closed in. Tho clothes
lie usually wore when coming to town were
left hanging in the house, and 1925 were
found in one Of the pockets. He had good
team Of horses that are also gone. His entire
crop of wheat, with the exception of one or
two loads, is in his> granary. His neghbors
and friends are much exercised at his disap-
pearance, and some think that he has been
fouly dealt with. Any information concern
ing him sent to Mr. Thomas Baldwin, CHAIR
man Of the board Of supervisors of Willow
Lake township, Hope postofflce, will be gladly
received. MIR. Bean is about fifty years Of age,
weighs about 130 cr 40 pounds. Some of bis
neighbors think it possible that he may be in
the neighborhood of Tower City or Oasselton,
and the papers there arc requested to call at
tention to his disappearance.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Yesterday was one Of the widest stormiest
days we have ever seen in Dakota. The wind
blew perfect hurricane at times, and the air
was filled with clouds Of dust 80 dense that OBJ
jects short distance away could not be seen.
A number Of outhouses were blown over and
shingles were blown from the roofs of several
buildings. A large piece Of timber was blown
from the roof OF the Hope House and fell
within few feet of gentleman who was
passing. Last night the wind fell, and this
morning opened calm aud cold, and at the
present writing it is showing.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

Frank E. Ketcham has gone to Blue Mound,
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05

H. H. Hesford came up from Buffalo on yes
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-11-05
LOCAL ITEMS

Wheat 81 cents.
Fall plowing is about finished ap.
Ladies' toboggan caps, at Wasem's.
NJ E. Fuller returned from Illinois on Tues
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
Eaton and the Patent Hotel Register.


lSt Louis Republican,
The work of the hotel bell boy has
been recently reduced by the invention Of
a new hotel register At present the
Albermarle is the only hotel In the world
that has one. but all the principal houses
here have made arrangements for them
as soon as they can be manufactured In
every room in hotel is dial Of about
six inches in diameter. Around 1t are
arranged In circle. just like the numbers
of clock dial. the name of almost every
thing guest could desire. For instance.
If guest wants gin and milk he turns
the hand on the dial to where the article
is printed. and then pushes the button
which is situated In the centre of the dial.
In an instant it Is known in the Office
what is wanted without having to send
to inquire There is another dial in the
office arranged the same as in the rooms
and the regular register informs you Of
the number of the room.
Although this new invention had been
In working order q number of amusing
incidents have occurred Dorman B.
Eaton, while ct the ALTERNATE the other
day, occupied room No 224 Previous
TO his entering the room the hand on the
dial was set al the words whisky
straight The ex-civil service commits.
sioner not being familiar with the work
ing Of the machine, simply pushed the
knob, although be wanted ice water. In
short time boy entered his room with
glass of whisky Mr. Eaton wanted
the boy to understand that he did not
drink whisky. He was very indignant,
and 10 took some to explain the mistake
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
Tho Cattle Business.

fw. A. Paxton, "fat,ie King" in Inter Ocean |
The cattle business 10 on such basis
now that man must have money as we'll
as luck to do well in it In other words,
it has passed under the control of big com
panies, and there is at present but one
owner where few years ago there were
forty Last year was bad one because
of the depreciation in prices. but / be-
lieve that we have now reached bottom,
and that the reaction will soon be felt
At least / have been playing it that way,
! have bought over 40. 900 cattle, in three
herds, on the strength of my opinion II
may happen that have gone in year
too soon, but feel that have only got
in in time to take advantage of the rise OF
next year. English cattlemen. should
judge. are not of my opinion. Anyway,
they have not been investing much money
in our country this year. but that is where
they have made mistake
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26


happen to know great deal more
about the making of Mr.. Cox's book than
you will find between the covers /
visited Minister Cox several times while
be was in the midst of his work upon it.
and talked with him as to its construction
and his habits of work. Said he to me
one night: "The secret Of my accom-
plishing so much work lies in my power
of method and analysis went to school
at Brown university, and there came in
contact with Dr. Wayland. the man who
wrote the Political Economy. The doc.
tor was great advocate of thought
analysis, and he trained his students TO
make an outline Of everything they took
up. The practice of this method in a
short time leads one to think analytically,
and before l commenced my book had
skeleton of the whole thing in my
mind conceived the idea of 1t before
Blaine began his Twenty Years in
Congress. and the writing of it was only
filling in the flesh and blood of the skele-
ton which / had already constructed
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
ORIGIN OF a Peerage.
Exchange.

An anecdote in the Greville memoirs
gives an edifying idea as to why peers Of
England may come to exist:
Mr.. Granville. one day asked his
cousin. Lord Glastonbury, what had in
duced him to get made peer, for he
could not think he had ever cared much
for title He said God. devil flor such
1t seems. was his queer habit of express
ing himself) I'll tell you. never thought
of a peerage; but one day / took up tie
newspaper, and l read in it that Tommy
Townshend was made peer Confound
the fellow, said |, what right had he to be
made peer. should like to know. Why,
am as rich again as he is. and have a
much better right SO resolved to write
to Pitt and tell him so. | wrote and was
made peer the following week
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
An Artists skill.
lEvnt.o.ont

A surprising example of artistic ability
was cited by Mr. Henry Blackburn in his
last lecture upon English water colors
He said that he knew an artist who I'M
derstood the value OF line" TO such
perfection that he could draw a picture
In his pocket. When street scene Ia
teresied him he would put his hand in
his pocket. seize pencil. and illustrate
the event without taking the paper or
pencil out Of The poe .et.
Pierre orillard is willing to pay &c.
600 year for a good jockey, And yet
come people banker for u. 800 con
'niA'e -.-s AlAAM
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
Llfe's cHivALRv.


lCuhtnDtr3 JOurnall
Where in the busy city's care and strife
its thirst for riches and It's toll FOR bread
Is found that soul Of chivalry in life
Which some are mourning for as truly
deadl
Shall we sock for IL in the forest glade,
In hoary. dim cathedral gray with agei
In chnncei where the mailed knights are
laid
With rusted lance, no further war to
wage;
In mould'ring castle OF in ivied tower.
Where pomp and pageantry were wont
to BET
Ali no. But yet the ancient spirits power
Is with US, and its FORM II we would sea.
To lobor cheerfully from hour TO hour,
To do good graciously Is chivslry.
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
A veteran Locomotive Engineer.

A locomotive driver who can point to
forty years of uninterrupted service
without a single accident is not a man to
be met with every day. Such one is a
Saxon engine driver of the name of Henze.
who has Just gone into retirement Dur
ing his forty years of railway riding.
Henze has Travelled distance of 253, 3l7
geographical miles, or 1900, 1902 kilo-
meters--in other words. distance equal
to forty seven journeys round the earth.
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
tforsigm advertisements.
HEALDS :: : :. 4: !: e: !: !:

The Full BUSINESS COURSE includes Single and
Double Entry Bookkeeping as applied TO all Depart
ments Of business Commercial Arithmetic; Business
Penmanship; Mercantile Law, Business Correspond
ence Lectures on Law Business Forms, and the
Science Of Accounts Actual Business Rractice in
Wholesale and Retail Merchandising Commission.
yobbing, Importing, Raroading, Express Business,
Brokerage, and Banking English Branches, including
Reading, Spelling, Grammer, etc; Drawing and
Modern Languages consisting Of practical Instruction
in French, German and Spanish.
SPECIAL BRANCHES are: Ornamental Penmanship
Higher Mathematics Surveying, Navigation, Civil En-
gineering Assayng, Shorthand Type-Wrting, Gee
graphy, etc,
For full information address
E. p. HEALD q 90.
NeIseo, A..
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
A Novel FIower-Holder.

In the garden Of residence on the
banks Of the Delaware, near Chester,
ships yawl been set upright, painted
red and turned into flower.holder. Liv-
ing blossoms and foliage plants fill it
from stem to stern and climb its mast and
twine about the rigging.
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
The sacred Kaaba.

The silk covering for the kaaba which
the sultan sent this year to Mecca is
worth i5,400 pounds sterling, and that
sent by the khedive for the same purpose
is valued at 25. 900 pounds sterling. The
kaaba is the sacred stone at the tomb of
Mohammed, to kiss which the faithful
make long pigrimages
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
Lowest in the scale.

Some Earthmen from the interior of
Africa. now in London, are only four feet
in height They live almost entirely
under ground. and subsist on insects.
They use sign language. These people
are the lowest in the scale of humanity of
any yet discovered.
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
CT. MATTHEW'S HALL, SAN MATEo. CAL.
a SCHOOL FOR BOYs.
Under Military Discipline


n Of rep nc bun
For further n6nadOn and ss.los aa out address
- Principal
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
General advertisements.

V9clIerat eAUucrltSgHteIlIB.
At THOMAS c. rHRuMs
FoRT.sTREET STORE. BREWERS BLOCK
CAN DE FOUND 4 puLL ASSORTMENT OF
Fine and Commercial Stationery.
CONSISTING IN PART or
Note Letter, Packet Post, Cap, Legal a. Bill Pape
Gold, Steel and Gull Pens,
Black Writing and Copying Inks,
Carmine, Violet, and Blue Inks.
TREASURY MUcILAGE
Dixon's, Fabers, Guttnecks and Crossberger
Pencils. Wood, Rubber and Celuloid
Penholder's.
Papeteries, Visiting Cards,
Cap, Letter, Note and Memo Tablets and Block
in Manila and fine paper,
Inkstands, Rulers,
Envelopes, all sizes, paper and cloth lined
sroAKEs' AUTOMATIC SHADING PENS
IN SEVERAL SIZES,
Very Useful in ornamental Work. and
INK POWDERS, VARIOUS coLoRs,
FOR USE wrrHErhE SAME.
Plantation Time Books,
Trial Balance Books,
log Books,
LETTER PRESS SEES.
Pass, Memo, Time, Order, Receipts Exercise
and Letter Books
Copying Brushes, Rubber Copying Sheets.
Manns (Nfanla) and French (white) Copying Paper
Blank Books in Various.Size and Styles Of Binding
Roll, Mounted and Manila Detail
DRA WING PAPER.
Photograph Frames and Passepartouts,
Autograph and Photo. Albums Scrap Books,
Inaid Work Boxes and Writing Desks
Artotypes framed and unframed,
Ebonized Easels, Brackets and Cabinets,
Celluloid Sets Of Comb, Brush and Mirror,
Ladies Handbags Reticules, Baskets
Shawl Traps. School Bags,
Political, Birthday and Miscellaneous Books
Illustrated Letter Sheets Pocket and Letter Maps o
the Islands. Maps Of Honolulu.
Souvenir Views of Honolulu.
Windsor & Newtons Artists Materials.
Oil and Water Colors Brushes, Palettes Canvas, Oh
and varnish Plaques, Oil Cups, etc,
Special or extra large books made up order from
wESroNS LINEN RECORD PAPER,
COMPETENT woRKMES,
In Any Style Desired.
PAPER RULING TO ANY PATTERN
FAITHFULLY EXECUTED.
A FULL LINE soF FLAT PAPERS.
IConstantly in Stock,
INCLUDING MARCUS WARDS IRISH LINEN.
Pocket Edition Seaside Library"
IN LARGE VARIETY THE MOST POPULAR AUTHORS
MUSIC, MAGAZINES, PERIODICALS, LAW
AND
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS,
HOUND TO ORDER ON SHORT NOTICE
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
General advertisements.

General advertisements.
N. v. MCChDSnGy& Sons,
No. az Queen Street.
Nave NOW landing
Per Alameda & John D. spreckels,
LARGE SHIPMENTS OF
assorted Mcrchtt2edise
consisting IN part OF
Bbls. Flour, Golden Gate
Bbls. Flour. 81 Dorado.
Sacks Wheat, Best,
Sacks Barley, Best,
Sacks Corn Best, Whole,
Sacks Corn, Best, Cracked
Sacks Bran, Coarse and Fine
Sacks Beans. White,
Sacks Beans, Red,
Sacks Beans, Bayou
Sacks Beans, Horse,
Sacks Beans. Lima
Sacks Onions, Best Silver skin
Sacks Potatoes, Best in Gunnies.
Gases Nicnscs.
Cases Extra Soda Crackers,
Cases Medium Bread,
Cases Cracked Wheat, 10 h. bags,
Cases Corn Meal white, 10 h. bags.
Cases Dat Meal 10 ID. bags,
Cases Corn Starch.
Casks A Hams
Gases r. b. Bacon.
Gases Fairbanks Lard, ID. pail,
Gases Fairbanks Lard, 10 lib. pail
Cases whitneys Butter, in tins,
Half bbs. Butter, Pickle Roll,
Or. bbls. Butter, Pickle Roll,
Half hrkins Butter, Gilt Edge,
Or. irkins Butter, Gilt Edge,
Cases New Cheese.
Boxes and bds Salt Goldfish,
Bbs Tierces Columbia River Salmon
Cases Fresh Eggs,
Gases Laundry Starch,
Boxes Brown Laundry Soap
dozens Brooms
Pure Java Coffee, Roasted and Ground, lb. tins.
Sacks Green Coffee,
Chests Japan I ca, lb. papers,
Chests Japan Tea, Y h. papers
Boxes Raisns London Layers,
boxes Raisins, London Layers,
u boxes Rasins, London Layers,
Boxes Rasins. Muscatel
Drums Citron,
Boxes Currants,
Cases Chocolate.
Gases Mixed Pickles,
Cases Spices, assorted all sizes,
Pals Mince Meat, Atmores,
Tins Mince Meat, Cuttings.
Sacks Raw Peanuts,
Sacks English walnuts,
Sacks Soft Shell Almonds,
Sacks Texas Pecans extra large.
Cases California Honey, lib. tins,
Cases King, Morse Cos fresh canned
Fruits, Jelies and Vegetables
Bales Wrapping Paper, extra quality
LARGE ASSORTMENT OF
Best California Leather.
Sole Insole, Harness. Skirting and Uppers.
French and American Calfskins,
Sheep Skins, Goat Skins,
Hawaiian Saddle Trees.
And other goods too numerous to mention.
These goods fresh, bought very low, and
will be sold at
LOWEST MARKET RATES.
". W NsGHEsEEy { son,
s6r-as4 No. AZ Queen Street.
n DnrIAgrn o nm
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
Staple Groceries,

No. and Flour, No. and Rice,
Crushed Sugar, China and Japan Teas,
Oysters, Clans, Salmon, HOLSTERS,
Finest Table Fruits from the Factory
Pure English Spices, Condensed MilkE
Cocoa, SPECIALTIES: The Pal
ace Kerosene OF, WestOn's Gem
trifugal Innings, "a inch, Rubber
Spring aud Canvds Brake just at
hand, Blake Steam Pump Valves, Pack
ing, Be-, Blake Boiler Feed, Juice or
Molasses, Irrigating & Vacuum Pumps
Daily Honolulu press. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1885-1886, 1886-02-26
General ADVERTISEMENTS.

General ADVERTISEMENTS.
CASTLE &CooKE
HoEoLuLu, HI
Would call attention to their Large and
varied Stock Of
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,
Consisting Of tae unrvalIsd Paris Steel
Breahtmg PIosc,
The Moline Steel Breakers, and Funowing Plow. Mo.
line Steel Flows all si1es-Panet. Jr Guilt
vators, Dirt Scrapers,
John Deers's Gang PlOws
Planters Hoes of the best makes,
DIssroNs' CELEBRATED CANE. KNIVES
Garden Hoes, Canal Barrows, Ok
Bows. Yokes, Chains, Fence
Chains,
Sugar Mill Requirements.
SUGAR BAGS. SUGAR KEGS
Cumberland Coal,
Sperm Oil, Cylinder, Lara
and Kerosene Oil, Perfect
Lubricators, Plumbago, Al
bany Grease, Disston's and
s. and ]. Files, all szesand
kinds, Steam Packing, Flat
and Round India Rubber,
Asbestos and Soap Stone,
Flax Packing, India Rub
Der Hose, y to inch, Pipe
and Couplings, Nuts and
Washers, finished, Machine
Bolts all sizes, Cold-pressed
Blacksmith's, Engineers and
Carpenters Hammers, Pipe
Cutters, Winches, 8 inch to
a inch, Anvils, Vices, Tube
Scrapers Grindstones, Bes,
American Bar Iron and Too
Steel Builders Hardware
all kinds and Styles Hub
bucks Paints and Oils, raw
and boiled, Small Paints in
Oil, in large variety, Dry
Paints, Umber Venetian,
Red, Ochres, Metallic, &C.,
Whiting, German Window
asstd sizes Manila Rope
Staple Groceries,
No. and Flour, No. and Rice,
Crushed Sugar, China and Japan Teas
Oysters, Clans Salmon, Lobsters
Finest Table Fruits from the Factory.
coe e n sPRc iPfe fIEs P@7
ace Kerosene on, Westom's Gem
trifttgal Lintngs, "a inch, Rubber
hand, Blake Steam Pump Valves, Pack
ing, &c., Blake Boiler Feed, Juice
Moiasses, Irrigating & Vacuum Pumps
Weston's Patent Csntrifugais Complete,
ALSO ON CONSIGNMENT
California Hay, Barley, Potatoes, Barrels!
Salmon Hams, Asbestos Mixture for Boilers
and Steam Pipes, very cheap, Fence Wire
and Staples, Galvanized Roofing
SEWING MACHINES.
Wilcox and Gibbs Automatic Singer Manufacturing
Company, Assorted; Remington Company Family;
Wilson Machines, the best assortment to be found
and at Bottom Prices.
New Goods by every arrival from England, New
York and San Francisco.
The clarion. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1883-1888, 1886-02-24

machinery, etc, to compete with Ten
/ nessee, and provide prison and cell room
Tor her eonylcts, would require ne9rly
three quarters of million dollars. and
then she could not get as much hire for
her labor as Tennessee. Yet Mississippi
with something more than half of the
number &C conv;cts has for the past five
years paid nearly half as much to the
State as the Tennessee Penitentiary.
notwithstanding all the difficulties and
drawbacks with which it has had to
contend; but, with the present number
OF conyicts and an almost certain de-
crease during the next few wears, if all
the convicts in the Penitentiary could
De hired to sub-iessees at the usual rates
IL would not return more than enough
to properly carry on the Peniten-
t!ary and pay for guarding, trausporta-
ton, etc. A number of convicts cannot
De hired out at any price, and must
either be given to sub-lessees free of
charge or kept at the walls
There two sides to most questions. hut
when the Tennessee Penitentiary is |
brought into the Penitentiary question |
In Mississippi, an imposing triangular
structure Is the result, with the State ON |
one size, the leasing system on the sec
ond, and the Gulf and Ship Island |
Railroad on the third. 1t is hard to say /
which will commend itself to the mem /
bers of our Legislature; but of one
thing we are quite certain, whichever
party gets il will haveno great bonanza,
and our legislators should make up
their minds that when they vote to
enact law transferring the Peniten-
tiary to the State, they must also vote for
an appropriation, aad this is likely to be
increased every session for at least five
)r six years. OBSERVER