The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1886-12-10
PRESIDENT CLEVELAND'S
Last Message to the Forty-Ninth
Congress.
interesting synopsis of n Lengthy ana
carefully Prepared DOcument-The
Various Public Interests
Passed I'm Review.

eign relations, and one-third OF the document is
1eYoted to discussion and review OF this i'm
has consistently maintained its relations OF
friendship toward all other powers, anu q
netghborly interest toward those whose posses
Sions are contiguous to our own rev ques-
lions have arisen during the past year win
other governments and none OF those are Pc
yond the reach Of settlement IN friendly
council.
the far West is alluded TO, and in speaking OF
remedy he says the paramount duty OF main
OF our own people may require the adoption OF
measures of restriction, but they should not /
cial race.
Discussing the fisheries question, SO long
subject OF anxious difference between the
United States and Great Britain, the Presldent
says the questions involved are OF great
consequences ana from time "a tIlLnes
Tor nearly three-quarters OF a century, nave
given rise TO earnest international discussions,
not unaccompanied by irritation. Temporary
arrangements by treaties have served 70 allay
friction which, however has revived as each
treaty was terminated. While DESTROYS that
people OF the United States and Canada, the
action Of Canadian orhcials during the past
season towards our fishermen mas Deeh
such, the President thinks, as to threaten
their continuance; and although disappointed
IN his efforts to secure satisfactory settlement
OF the question, negotiations arc still pending
with reasonable hope that before the close Of
the present session of Congress the announce
ment may be made that an acceptable conclO.
sion has been reached.
Abiding TO our relations with Hawaii, the
President recommends an extension for seven
years Of the reciprocity treaty OF 1875. He ur-
gently renews his Recommendation OF legsla-
tion to carry into eject the American recipro,
city treaty OF january, 1888, and proposes to
initiate NEGOTIATIONS with Mexico for q new and
enlarged treaty Of commerce and legislation,
Referring TO the Cutting case. he says the IN
Mexico novel in our history, whereby offense
place Of its commission and of which n Next
can is the object, may, il the offender be found
in Mexico be there tried and punished in con-
fOrmity with Mexican laws. This jurisdiction
proved by the executive branch OF that Govern.
ment upon the authority OF a Mexican statute.
The Appellate Court, in releasing Mr.. Cutting,
decided that abandonment or the complaint BY
the Mexican citizen aggrieved by the alleged
crime Ga hbelous publication), removed the
basis OF further prosecution, and also declared
justice to have been satisfied by the enforce
The admission Of such pretense, the President
argues, would be attended with serious results,
invasive Of the jurisdiction az this Government,
ana hBhiy dangerous 70 our citizens in for
eign lands; therefore he has denied IL, and
protested against its attempted exercise as
unwaIIahteu Oy the principles OF law ana inter
national uSAges. A sovereign has jurisdiction
of onenses, which take effect in his territory,
2lLh0O8h concocted or commenced OUTSIDE OF IT,
but Enc right is denied of any foreign sovereign
e. punish a citizen OF the United States for
ohense contaminated on our soil in violation of
our laws, even though the Ofense be against
u subject or citizen Of such foreign sovereign.
The Mexican statute in question makes the
claim broadly, and the principle, IL conceded,
would make dual responsibility in the citizen
ana lead TO ineXtr1cable discussion destructive
OF that certainty in the law which is an es-
sental of liberty.
When citizens Of the United States volun-
tarily 60 to foreign country they must abide
by the laws there in force and must not be pro
tected by their own government from the conse-
quence of an o1ense against those laws com
mitted in such foreign Country, but watchfuI
care and interest OF this Government over its
citizens are not reiinquished because they have
gone abroad, and If charged with crime COM
mitted in the Foreign land. Il fair and open trial
conducted with decent regard for justice and
humanity, will be demanded for them. With
less thpn that the Government will NOT be con
~ q q r1 tl az
What other degree to which extra-terrftorial
criminal jurisdiction may have been formerly
allowed by consent and reciprocal agreement
among certain of the European States, no
such doctrine or practice was ever known to
the laws OF this country, nor to that from
which our institutions have been mainly de-
In the case OF Mexico, there are reasons espe
cially strong for perfect harmony ia the mutual
exercise OF Jurisdiction. Nature has made us
irrevocably neiEhbors, and wisdom and kind
feeling should make us friends. The overflow
OF capital and enterprise from the United
States is potent factor in assisting the deyel-
opment Of the recources OF Mexico and in
Countries 70 assist this good Work 00 all
grounds OF apprehension for the security OF
person and property should be removed, and
khe President trusts that in the interests of
good neighborhood the statute referred to will
bc so modified as to eliminate the present pos
sibilites Of danger TO the peace OF the two cOun-
The President recommends the placing OF the
consular system on a better footing, and reiter-
ates the necessity OF some mode Of inspection
Bulates are conducted.
Ho trusts the subject OF an international
copyright will receive the attention it deserves
10y Congress.
He recommends that provision he made for
the immediate discharge nom custody OF per
sons committed for extradition where the
President IS OF opinion that sur
news his recommendation OF last year
that LEGISLATION concerning citzajion end
naturalization be revised. We have ne says,
treaties with many states providing for the re-
nuncirtion of cttization by naturaltzed aliens,
but no statute is found to give effect to such
.eugagements' nor any winch provides needed
control or bureau for registration OF natural
lied citizens.
Reaching domestic affairs the first subject
discussed is the tariu, and 70 this the President
devotos great deal OF space, arguing that the
necessity for n reduction ot the tarin is more
urgent than ever, THE income OF the Govern.
ment' he says, by its increased volume and
Nhorough economies IN IT'S collection, is now
more than ever in excess OF the public neces
stiles The application OF the surplus to the
public debt as is now at our ption
subject TO extinguishment, il continued at the
rate which mas lately prevailed would retire
that class OF Indebtedness within less than one
year from this date Thus continuance OF our
present revenue system would soon result in the
receipt of an annual income much greater than
necessary TO meet Government expenses
with no Indebtedness upon which ii
could be applied. We should he
then confronted With "a vast quantity OF money,
the circulating medium 81 the peopIe bcarded
In the treasury whenit should be in their hands,
or we should be drawn into wasteful public ex
vasanoe, with an the corrupting National
decentralization which follows in Its track
But it is not the simple existence Of this sur.
plus and its threatened attendant evils which
present scale OF Federal taxations; lis worst
phase is the eNaction Of such surplus through
pie and their government, and dangerous de
parture from the rules which limit the
ernment. and especially the govern
meut OF which every American citizen
every person within its care in the greatest
liberty consistent with the good order OF so
ciety and his perfect security in the enjoy
ment Of his earnings, with the least possible
dimiuution for public needs. When more Of
the peoples substance is eNactcd through Tho
forms OF taxation than Is necessary e
meet the Just obligations OF the Government
and the expense Of its economical administra
tion, such eNaction becomes ruthless cXtortioT
and "a violation OF the fundamental principles o
"a free Government.
The indirect manner in which these eNactioni
are made hasa tendency to conceal their true
character and extent, but we have arrived at
stage Of supeiuous revenue which has aroused
the people to g realization OF the fac
yor The sInrort of Inc Cyovernment is paid b1
them as PSsolutely, il added 10 the price o
things which supply their daily wants, as If il
was PAID at fixed periods into the hand OF th'
those who toll for daily wages are beginning
20 understand THAT capital though sometime;
protection ana favor OF the Government. is dull
and sluggish tin, touched by the magical hand OF
labor, 10 springs into activity, furnishing an oc
Caslon for Federal taxation ana gaining ths
value which enables 40 10 bear its burden, and
The laborng man is thouRhtfully inQuirtng
whether under these circumstances, anu con,
Sideriug the tributes he pays in the treasury as
ne supplies his daily wants, he receives his faI
There is also a suspicion abroad that the sur
plus OF our revenues indicates abnormal ano
exceptional business profits which, under the
system which produces such surplus, increase
without corresponding benefit TO the people al
our citizens whose fortunes, rivaling the wealth
OF the most favored In auu-demOcrauc ma
tions, are not natural growth in steady
plain and industrious republic.