The Manning times. [volume] (Manning, Clarendon County, S.C.) 1884-current, 1886-09-15

I: SCrtcS Gi POINTS III WHICH INC OScllEi
tons arc felt at the same moment. Sucl
observations are Very difficult to obtain
2i Mailct's plan by examination of th
crack il TIC land after an earthquake
and determining their points of con
vergencc, which is also the points O
origin.
Captain Delaunav, Of the Frencl
Marine Artillery, maintains that the
niakatoa out-burst resulted from tht
conjunction o. ';lpiter and the Angus
swarm cy inctcoTs. He predicted violen
earthquakes i'll 1856 from the nlalerolcnt
ml!:cncc OF Saturn. (Bosh.
Science, vol. V, No. JOG, contains
tie map OF an earthquake occurring 2C
January, 1885, and felt III Virginia anc
Maryland.
Earthquakes seem to show a prefer
cnce for the night hours. Maximum
10 / q. m.; minimum II to 2 P. m.
Between 1878 and 1888, there are re-
corded as occurring in the United States
and Canada, not Including Alaska, 364
earthquakes. OF these $50 occurred on
the Pacific slope, 6G in the great valley
of the Mississippi, l47 on the Atlantic
slope, making al average OF one IN
twelve days for the whole region, and
about one month for the Atlantic
slope. Doubtless many lighter tremors
fer each Of these might have been noted
by any one possessed of seismoscope,
an instrument devised for that purpose.
Prof. Ewing, of Toxic, Japan, says OF
earthquakes there: lst. ''The motion OF
the ground begins very gradually. I'd.
An earthquake consists of many success
sive movements, and there is almost al
ways 70 single large one which stands
out prominently from the rest. Sd. The
disturbance ends even more gradually
than it begins. 4th. The range, tie
period and the direction OF movement
are exceedingly and irregrllarly variable
during any one earthquake. 9TH. The
duration OF the disturbance Of the ground
is rarely less than one minute, and is
often several minutes. 9th. Even il
somewhat destructive earthquakes the
greatest displacement OF point on the
Surface Of the soil is only some hun
dreQths OF an inch. 7th. The vertical
motion is generally much less than the
horizontal. Sth. An earthquake exert
ing q horizontal force against mass
equal to one thirty-third OF its weight, if
repeated, is sufficient to crack
brick walls and sometimes throw down
chimneys.
The minds Of the inhabitants of earth
quake regions lose their calm equipoise;
they become nervous, and the first shock
sends them to the street or Cathedral for
safety, so that the earthquake records
Itself in mans spiritual nature.
The -icssrs. Darwin having under
taken some lunar observations at Cam
bridge with very sensitive instruments
could not proceed with them on account
Of the continual movements of the
earth. !" 1t was never really still. It
quivered and throbbed and bent under
the pendulum night and day. \ situa-
ton at the bottom Of deep mine was
then tried, but with no better success.
It was probably never before imagined
that when the barometer rises an inch
over land area ike that of Australia,
the increased load OF ar sinks the entire
continent two or three inches. Over o
Ike sea area the water surface may be
Z foot or more. The tide ex-
ercises similar power, depressing the
shore at the food, and allowing it to rise
at the ebb.
The slight earthquake shock along the
slope 10th August, 1881, was
fatal to several persons through nervous
excitement.
Countries where the rocky strata have
preserved their original horizontal posi-
ton as in the north of France, part Of
Belgium and most OF Russia, are nearly
exempt from earthquakes. While vio-
lent connections are experienced ID re-
gions OF highly inclined strata, especial
" where such inclination has been re-
Gently effected, as is the Alps, Italy and
Sicily.
On the Sd OF April, 1881, in the island
OF Scio, in the Egean sea, about noon,
and in less than one hour, moro than
thirty villages wrecked by an earthquake,
killing 5000 people; there had been pre-
monitory tremors during 1879 and 1880.
The earthquake Of Rio Bomba, in
1897, came silently but destroyed 30,
600 people with great suddenness,
throwing some OF them up cliff one
hundred feet high.
The wave caused by the krakatoa
eruption travelled 1880 miles in twenty
hours and fifty minutes. In 1868 the
wave that destroyed Arequipa and africa,
and ingulfed 30, 900 people, crossed the
Pacific ocean from Honolulu in twelve
hours, at the rate of four hundred and
fifty miles an hour.
The Smithsonian Reports, 1884, con.
tains complete account of all known
concerning earthquakes, by Professor
Rockwood.
N. n. D. Montessus writes in the
Revue Scientifque, from Central Amer
lea: During my residence Of four years
in San Salvador I have been able to
write the detailed history of 1882 earth.
Quakes, 137 volcanic eruptions: q ruins
Of important towns, and the formation
CT new volcanoes.
Professor Milne, Of Toxic, Is.pan,
recommends as an earthquake proof
house, a one-storied, strongly-framed
timber house, with light, hattish root
of shingles OF sheet iron, the whole rest
ing on d quantity Of small cast-iron
ais, carried on fiat plates, bedded in
the foundations. The chimneys might
be made Of sheet-iron, carried through
holes free of the roof.
Earthquakes are vibrations or oscila'
tions Of the ground backwards and for
wards, due to the passage Of waves SINH
lar to those produced in a body Of watel
by throwing rock Or stick into It
1 l :.