davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1886-09-29
By Request.
Extracts from the Constitution
Of the Theological Seminary of the Synod Of
South Carolina and Georgia.
Adopted. December. la2e


South Carolina and Georgia
Adopted, December, 1929.
Sec. H., Art. q The Synod snail ap-
point the Professors Of the Seminary, and
fix their salaries.
Sec. III, Art s. The Board of Direc.
tors shall inaugurate the Professors of the
Seminary, and inspect their conduct and
doctrines; and if at any time they shall
be guilty of immoral conduct, or teaching
erroneous doctrines, they shall be report
ed to the Synod or if their continuing
in office be thought dangerous, the Board
may suspend them until their case be de.
cided by the Synod.
Constitution Adopted December, 1888
Sec. H., Art 4. Tie Synod shall tgv
and decide the case of every Professor i'm.
peached or reported by the Board, for
immortality, error, unfaithfulness, or in.
competency; and from their decision there
shall be no appeal.
Sec. W., Art. g. The Board of Direc-
tors shall inaugurate the Professors, and
prescribe the forms and service of the oc-
casion. They shall also direct them in
regard to the subjects of instruction, so
far as not prescribed in the Constitution.
And they shall inspect their conduct and
doctrines; and if any Professor be found
immoral in his conduct, unsound in the
faith, opposed to the government of the
Presbyterian Church, uniaithful to his
trust, or incompetent to discharge his
duties, they shall report him to Synod :;
or should his continuance in office be
thought highly injurious or dangerous,
the Board may Immediately suspend him
until his case be tried by Synod.
Constitution Adopted December, 1914.
Sec. H., Art. 4. In the trial or i'm.
peachment of Professor fo1 immortality,
error, unfaithfulness, or incompetency,
the trial on lnapeochnent may be before
either of the Syaods; and if the decision
of the one body shall be confirmed by the
other, there shall be no further appeal.
Constitution Of 1860.
Sec H., Art. 4. Unchanged.
Constitution Adopted by the General
Assembly of 1863.
Printed 1s67)
Sec l., Art. 2. All Professors of the
Seminary shall be appointed by the Gen
eral Assembly, and their salaries fixed by
the same. The Assembly shall also d.
rect the Professors in regard to the sub
jects and topics on which they are seve-
rally to give instruction to the pupils
And the Inauguration OF every Professor
shall be regulated by the Assembly.
Sec. H., Art 10. The Board of Direc-
tors shall be charged with the duty Of re-
porting to the Assembly any Professor
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1886-09-29
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The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1886-09-29

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second-class matter
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
NUMBER P.

have captain, and parade days, with leather-knees of fancy colors for dress, black is best for everyday use. We could get lots of fun out of it, and any way it won't hurt us to show that we have a little consideration as well as lots of love for our mothers"
 Phil stopped here, all out of breath. with very flushed but very earnest face.
 "Hurrah! Three cheers for Philip one of the boys exclaimed, and three hearty, lusty cheers followed. When the last sound died away Phil ex- claimed, eagerly: ''Now let's give three times three cheers for our moth ersr'
 And this was heartily responded to. Phil's speech had won over to his side the most of the boys; a few hung back and ridiculed, but only for a short time, for this class of seven were too good friends to disagree long. Before the close of the week they each owned two pairs of leather-knees, black for everyday use, and a colored for pa rade, to be fastened on with ribbon.
 On Saturday they made their first parade. Each boy had on his fancy knees, also black leather cap around which was pasted in colored leather letters "Leather-knees." Each boy carried in his right hand a bag of marbles and one bore a small leather flag having thereon this motto: Moth CTS and Marbles Forever!'
 Perhaps it is needless to say that Phil was chosen captain of the company. Proudly they marched back and forth in front of their several homes and on all the principal streets. Some won dered at them, some laughed good naturedly, some ridiculed, and still others gave hearty approval. But certain seven proud mammas smiled at the sight and were made exceeding ly happy thereby.-Cora Van Nostrarsd, in W Tribune
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
A RARE FRUIT.
The Marvellous Product of Strange In.
 dian Ocean Tree.


 Frederick Stearns has on exhibition at his office two specimens of the coco de-mer, or double cocoanut, remark able fruit of one of the largest and most wonderful of palm trees. They were sent him by the Hon. E. V. Mussey, United States Consul at the Seychelles, a group of islands in the Indian ocean, north of Madagascar.
 This palm tree, it is stated, attains a height of one hundred feet, its stem being nearly two feet in diameter, bear ing at the summit crown of fan-shaped leaves. It is remarkable for growing in socket of hard, woody texture, perforated with holes made by the roots. This curious appendage derives it's origin from the cotyledon, which in this palm attains the extraordinary length of two feet, growing downward, like root, having the stem seated in it's thickened end. When perfect the thick end opens on one side, like a sheath, out of which rises the first succeeding leaves of the plant, roots also being pro- duced, which make their exit by pierc- ing the end of the sheath. In time the nutriment of the nut becomes exhaust ed, and the part of the cotyledon be- tween it and the young plant withers. The latter, however, retains it's placental vital connection with the sheath end of the cotyledon, which is henceforth nourished by the plant and increases in size with its growth, which thus continues seated in the cradle of its birth through life. This formation appears, however, to be common to the palms, but very much more largely de- veloped in this variety. The fruit is a large oblong nut, covered with a thin rind. After the removal of the outer rind it has the appearance oftwo oblong nuts firmly united together, often weighing thirty to forty pounds They are borne in punches, each consisting of nine or ten nuts, so that whole bunch will often weigh four hundred pounds. It takes ten years to ripen its fruit, the albumen ofwhich is similar to that of the common cocoanut, but it is too hard and horny to serve as food. The shell is converted into many useful articles by the natives. The leaves are made into hats, baskets and the like. The demand has of late years become so great that in order to obtain the leaves the trees are cut down, and as no care is taken to form new plantations it was at one time feared this palm would eventually become extinct. In 1864 the leading botanists in England petitioned the Government for its protection. By more recent information, however, it appears that in one island alone there are many thousands of these palm trees. Detroit Free Press.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
 ORIGIN OF ENGRAVING.

How One of the Most Precious Arts
 Known to Men Originated.
 There are few chapters in the history of art of greater interest than those which unfold to us the discovery of for gotten treasures, and reveal the exis- tence of works which had long ago passed out of remembrance. The in- innate connection between the inven- ton of engraving and the art of the silversmith, or rather that branch of the silversmith's work which consists of the chasing of an outline into plate of precious metal to be subsequently, filled up with dark-colored enamel, the so- called Niello work, was never appre- ciated until, at the close of the last cen- tury, Abbi Zani found among some old Italian engravings, in the National Library at Paris, print which he rec ognized as similar in subject to the famous Pax, decorated with Niello work, made by Maso Finiguerra for the baptistery of St. John, and paid for, as is proved by the records, in 1452. This Pax or Assumption was subsequently, transferred to the cabinet of bronzes in the gallery of Flor ence, where it is now pre- served, and it was proved, on comparing with it the engraving, that the latter had actually been printed from the silver plate, before the enamel was fused into the outline, prior, there- fore, to 1462. On the strength of this discovery, Finiguerra has, ever since the year 1796, been credited with the invention of producing engravings on paper from metal plates. There seems little reason to doubt, as has been often pointed out, that many silversmiths of the fifteenth century may have been in the habit of obtaining trials of their work in progress, as did Finiguerra, perchance, when he produced his his- torical print, representing Christ crown ing the Virgin, from his work on the Florentine Pax. It may indeed have been, together with the well-known sulphur casts, a recognized method of obtaining a record of the Niello work, which had been practiced for many years previous to the time in question, though no such paper impressions of an earlier date than this have been handed down to us. It was a common practice to take proofs of the work by means of sulphur casts long previous to 1452, as numerous specimens of such casts have been preserved to us, bu. it is difficult to say who was the first bold innovator to substitute piece of paper for the sulphur, and thus originate the precious art of engraving. The story of the wet linen, which accidentally gave the idea to Finiguerra, is generally treated as fiction by those who have studied the subject. t.-Art Journal.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
GOOD EVIDENCE.
Frenchman's Description of His Stem
 Winding Time Piece.

A Frenchman's Description of His Stem
 Winding Time Piece.
 Travellers tell us that the popular method of driving the little street don- key in Palestine is by twisting the tail of the beast. The Virginia City Enterprise has found a Frenchman who pursues similar tactics with his watch. The Enterprise says that day or two since, MT. Shaw of the Consolidated Virginia Mine, found watch lying in the snow, where it had evidently been dropped by some one walking in or about the mine MT. Shaw wrote notice to this effect, posting it by the side of the window to which the men came to give their names when going on or coming off the mines. A little Frenchman soon came to MT. Shaw, and asked:
 "You find one watch, Mistaire Shawl" "Yes, sir," said Mr. Shaw. "Have you lost watchP"
 ''Yes, saire."
 ''Can you describe itp''
 ''Oh, yes, saire, ver' perfectly"
 "Well, what is it ike?"
 "My watch he vas silver watch"
 "Very good. What kind of face?" "Well, he had he's face wide open. "What kind of chain?''
 "One leedle brass chain.''
 "What kind of key was on the chain?''
 "He have no key at all. Iwind him by ze tail"
 The watch was a stem-winder, and the Frenchman had given an accurate description of his property, even down to "ze tail. ."-Peck'S Sun.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
Beans as Food.

The nutritive value of beans is very great, greater than almost any other ar- ticle of food in common use. Consider ing their richness they are probably the cheapest food we have, but somewhat difficult of digestion, probably owing to the fact that we rarely cook them enough and masticate insufficiently. In preparing beans for the table they should be first well soaked in cold wa ter, then thrown into boiling water and cooked of a medium constituency, be- tween a fluid and solid, neither too thick nor too thin. They require some acid when eaten, and sufficient amount of salt to render them palatable. They may be eaten with potatoes or other vegetables which contain more starch and less albumen, rather than with too much bread or meat. Oeyelatpd Leader.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
ABOUT CANDY.
Its Inventor Unknown-How It Is Made
 and the Origin of Its Name.

Its Inventor UnknOwn-How It Is Made and the Origin of Its Name.
 There are some young people who do not care about Indians, or gypsies, or Robinson Crusoes, particularly girls. There are some who are not interested about horses, or pirates, or picnics. and who do not care about riddles But is there one who is indifferent to confectionery? If there are any such, there are enough elders with sweet tooth'' to make the count good. Ands yet it is safe to say that not one of all can tell who first made or ate confec- tionery, or where the most is made now, or how it is made. In fact, the Frenchmen, Grinod de la Reyniere and Coste, told the truth in 1895, when they said, ''the inventor of sugar candy is not known"
 Candy got its name from the Vene- tians. They learned how to refine the sugar by boiling and otherwise treating the molasses, and called the sugar they made candtduS, because it was white. And now let us see how candy is made
 
 of refined sugar. When this is in his factory, he first dissolves the sugar in water. Then he boils the sugar water to what is called the standard consis- tency-that is, the water is just so sweet, and the sugar has just so much water. This is cooled, and then it IS boiled again, and cream of tartar is put in to prevent it from crystallizing.
 Rock candy, the purest of all, is made directly from this, by pouring the melted mass into cans which have strings run through them. The sugar collects on the strings, and when the cans have been placed in a cool room, the crystals form in forty-eight hours, and the liquid is strained away.
 If cream candy is wanted, nothing is needed but to use sugar that has been slightly boiled, and add little coloring and nut flavor
 The ordinary ''stick" candy is pro- duced by cooking to crisp, and pour ing the product upon marble slab to cool. It is then warmed slightly and pulled" Great establishments ''pulr' by machinery; but small ones take the candy in such amounts as one person can handle, and each puller throws the middle of what he holds over big iron hook in the side of the room, and pulls the ends toward him.
 There is a great knack in doing this. When it is well done, the candy be- comes soft and even in color. The essences or oils are poured in while it is being pulled, and the liquids or paste are added at the same time to flavor and color the candy; and when it has been well worked" it is drawn out into ''sticks," which are broken apart and laid in piles.-M. r. Eram- liner.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01

learned ilf - rent, when she, in 1775, as the wifesa s.e barrister Rollain, came to Eibenstock. ,ydt she will never occupy such place as Barbara Uttmann.
 That energetic woman brought her benefcent life in peace and honor to a close. On the brass tablet which at first alone marked her grave, was inscribe d.: ''On the 14th of January, 1875, is the honored and virtuous widow of Christoph Uttmann fallen asleep, blessed of God, on whose soul God have mercy. Her age was sixty-one years, and she had lived to see sixty-four children and grandchildren. In the eleventh chapter of St. John, Christ says: l am the resurrection, and the life; he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live; and who- soever liveth, and believeth in me, shall never die. "
 The new monument was put up in Annaberg on the 17th of October, 1884, and was of marble and iron. It shows female figure sitting on beehive (the symbol of industry) making lace, whilst an angel is in the act of crowning her with laurel. What was her. crown for this womanly service is not clearly shown. Nevertheless the designer of the monument must have ascribed cer- tain value to this mark of triumph, since on the opposite side of the base, in ad- dition to the emblems of the trade, an anchor, the wand of Mercury and ball goods, is this inscription:
 "A worthy spirit, a cunning hand, she drew down blessings on her father land"
 The old brass-plate expressed it bet ter. Appropriate to Barbara Uttmann were the words which the ancients ap- piled in honor of woman:
 "Casta vixit,
 Lanam fecit,
 Domum servavitI
 She lived chaste, spun wool, and she kept her house.-Leigh Hunt, from tue German, ias Denaorest'S Magazi'ae.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
A COMPLETE CHANGE.
Mercantile Hypocrisy Displayed on Sight
 of Ready Money.

Mercantile Hypocrisy Displayed on Sight
 of Ready Money.
 In store. Merchant (to clerk Did you send Hammerton his bill again this week?
 Clerk-Yes, sir.
 Merchant-What did he saye
 Clerk-Said he would be around and pay it.
 Merchant-That's what he has said for the last six months. He's the big gest liar in this town. He can never get ten cents worth on a credit here any more. Ireckon we'll have to sue him -sh-here he comes now.
 Merchant-Good morning, Mir. Ham, merton, glad to see you, sir. Won't you sit down?
 Hammerton - No, thank you. called in to settle that bill
 Merchant-Whatb bill-oh, yes. Why, sir, I hadn't thought of it. You see, the collector has charge of the bills and pay but little attention to them. Thank you (receiving the money and receipting the bilD. Call again, MT. Hammerton.
 Hammerton-I am little pushed for money at present.
 Merchant-That makes no difference, sir, none whatever. Whenever you want any thing give us call Good morning. IrGUeLer.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
A PRETTY STORY.
The Bell of Justice and the Queer Pc
 titioner for Aid.

The Bell of Justice and the Queer Pe-
 titioner for Aid.
 It is beautiful story that in one of the cities of Italy the King caused bell to be hung in tower in one of the public squares, and called it the ''bell of justice," and commanded that any one who had been wronged should go and ring the bell, and so call the magistrate of the city, and ask and receive justice. And, when, in the course of time, the lower end of the bell-rope routed away, wild vine was tied to it to lengthen it: and one day an old and starving horse that had been abandoned by its owner and turned out to die, wandered into the tower, and trying to eat the vine rang the bell. And the magistrate of the city, coming to see who had runo the bell, found this old and starving horse; and he caused the owner of the horse, in whose service he had toiled and been worn out, to be sum- moned before him, and decreed that as his poor horse had rung the bell of justice, he should have justice, and that during the remainder of the horses life his owner should provide for him proper food and drink and stable.-Ey- change.
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
READING FOR THE YOUNG.
ON A RAINY DAY.

Now just take peep at the window and sec Oh, dear me! How cloudy and dark, and how dreary and gray!
 What dayl The rain seems to frown AS it comes pouring down; And the wet muddy earth looks as cross as the sky.
 So dol. How could expect to be happy and gay,
 Such a day? When things are as dull and as still as mouse
 In the house. Oh, dear if I knew Of something to dol The world looks as if it were having cry.
 So am 1. u only the sunshine would smile out again;
 And the rain, And the dark, gloomy clouds, and the mist and the gray
 Go away Why, then you would see How merry I'd bel If the sun and the weather would try,
 So would |.
 -Sudney DdyTe, il St. Nicholas
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
ABOUT LEAD PENCILS.
Interesting Facts That Will Be New to
 Most Newspaper Readers.

Interesting Facts That Will Be New to Most Newspaper Readers.
 There is no lead pencil in existence to- day and there have been none for more than forty years past. There was time when spiracle of lead cut from the bar or sheet sufficed to make marks on white paper or some roughed abrad- ing material. The name lead pencil comes from the old notion that the products of the Cumberland mines in England are lead, instead of be- ing plumbago or graphite, carbon ate of iron, capable of leaving lead colored mark. With the original lead pencil or strip, and with the earlier styles of the Head penciln made direct from the Cumberland mines, the wet ting of the pencil was a necessary pre- liminary of writing. But since it has become manufacture, the lead pencil is adapted by numbers or letters to each particular design. There are all grades of hardness, from the pencil that can be sharpened down to needle point to the one which can not make other than a broad mark. Between these two extremes are a number of gradations which cover all the uses of the lead pencil. These gradations are made by taking the original carbonate and grinding and mixing it with fine quality of clay, in different propor. tions, according to the quality of the pencil required to be produced. The mixture is made thoroughly, and then squeezed through dies to form and size it, after which it is dried and encased in its wooden envelope.-M r 4ais Gs1d EIpress,
The Arizona sentinel., 1886-05-01
MY HERO.

What signifies the outward show?
 What signifies his wealth or placer When we the heart have learned to know What do we care for form or face? And what care we for name or creed
 That buried ages may unroll, If under all we clearly read
 The record ot a dauntless souli If loyal to his sense of right,
 If prompt and sure at Duty's call, He walks, as walking in Gods sight,
 His aim the manifest man of all; If helpful as the sun- bright day,
 If pitiful of others woes, He follows in the Masters way
 And bears blessing where he goes. If, gaining much, he loses all,
 While summer friends go coldly by, He proves his courage by his fall,
 Resolved to win the day or die; With hope alive, in God his trust,
 He keeps a spirit kind and true, And rises bravely from the dust
 To fight his weary battle through. If, working on through pain and loss, His earnest soul be not cast down; He beareth patiently his cross,
 While winning steadily his crown; The mans a hero and we give
 The need of love, which is his due, No idle praisei but while we live,
 The wreath of bay! the knot of blue! --Helen Keith, in N '. Mail and ErDress.