The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1886-03-12

tage cheese, which is sold largely in
the city markets. In Denmark, near
Copenhagen, Mrs. Nelson has
school for the Education of dairy
women. Her daily products are sup
piled to the royal families and she is
growing rich. The profits of good
cows are greatly increased by the care
and attention of dairy women. Tact
in marketing-displayirg the goods in
attractive forms--is womans peculiar
province. The demand for butter
milk was alluded to as an interesting
one. There is no reason why the ex-
ample of Mrs. Nelson and the dairy
women of the old world should not be
followed in the new Cleanliness is
necessary, from the water the COW
drinks to the marketing of the goods.
Butter should be sold under the max
er's own name and stamp, She
should find market within 100 miles
of home. The demand is now for
fresh.made butter.
The dairy interest was never more
depressed than now, yet at the same
time the demand for strictly pure
fresh butter was good Mr.. Zerr
thought a great deal of injury was
done to butter by washing in water
The keeping qualities were destroyed
Hard working was the best. The
practice of the creameries he did not
approve of, although it lightened the
labor, but the butter would not keep
unless on ice. Mr.. Hazard favored
washing butter in a weak brine.
John j. Carter said one reason why
creamerymen wash their butter was
because 80 much working worked out
the aromatic oils, and that destroyed
the flavor Water does not wash them
out. He had found no advantage in
using salt in the water. Mr.. Kashin-
ka wanted to know what the profits
of the creamerymen were. Mr. Carter
said they paid three and one-half
cents per quart for milk; nine quarts
of milk made pound of butter they
sold butter at forty cents pound, and
the gentleman could figure the profits
for himself. Mr.; Colvin did not favor
letting butter stand twelve hours be
tween the workings it would set, and
the grain be injured by breaking it up
again. He favored washing, sailing
and doing up for market at one opera
ton.
Mr.. f. II. Little also asked many
pertinent questions on the plans and
profits of working dairies and cream.
cries.
This was followed by very interest
ing paper by DR.. E. w. Hale, member
from Centre county, "What l saw in
Europe" giving brief account of his
travels on the continent last summer
In Switzerland he said the average
farm was about fifty by one hundred
and fifty feet, about the size OF a small
town lot in Pennsylvania, and when g
man owned one of these he was con
sidered we'll off and if he owned three
he was very rich.
The greater part OF the harvesting
in Europe is done with the sickle, anG
the moving with the scythe because
first, machinery is either very poor ol
very high priced and second labor i.
very cheap and easily obtained. He
closed by saying that a trip over tn,
ocean made him feel much better salts
fed with his own country.
THURSDAY MORNING.
In accordance with the cali for this
meeting, Thursday forenoon was giver
up to the discussion of Fences ant
Fence Laws.
"Wooden Fences" according to Mr.
Eastburn Reeder, may be conveniently
classified as worm fences, board fences
and post and rail fences Estimates
of their cost were calculated upon {
farm of 160 acres. To properly fenc,
such farm and divide it into eigb
enclosures with suitable post and four
rail fence would require 2244 panels o
! 10 feet each, and cost over Sl700. IL
fence such farm with worm or zig
gag rail fence would require 246S pan
els, and cost $4,000 The cost o
, board fences was estimated at $l.l,
per rod. The annual cost for repair
would be from $40 to $50 The dura
bility of the fences depended upon tn
, quality of the timber to great ex
} tent, and other conditions of which n
accurate estimates could be well made
The utility of such fences had bee
greatly diminished by the introduction
of wire as fencing material TIL
price of fencing timber had fallen ?
= per cent within few years on this az
count, Notwithstanding the increasin
scarcity of timber. Wood as a mater
: al for fencing is still too dear, and W
= shall soon be obliged TO seek cheape
/ as well as more durable material.
"Wire Fences were discussed b
' John j. Carter. Among their advar
y tages are QD, lightness (when boar
5 fence begins to lean its great weigh
i. soon forces it DOWN; (2), slight OF
t struction to winds; (3), decreased trou
5 be from snow drifts along highway
/. az, cleanliness, from the ease wit
s which brush and weeds are ceare
$ from the rows; (5), cheapness of il
post timber, and (6), rapidity of col
: struction.
S The dangers to stock were not s.
: great as had been feared but a VIII
= fence should be made conspicuou
< The cost of such fences per mile were
i ribbon wire, SlSl.22; buckthorn wir
Y S20S.06; barbed wife, Sl73.77; plair
|. No. wire, SlSS,04. The cost of po.
e and rail fence per mile, S4OO. l
J, Londongrove Township, Chester cour
, ty, there were l40 farms of an averag
], of eighty acres each. To fence one q
t these farms would cost, with plain vii
/ and iron posts, 81 500; with post an
fourrail fence, 81 400; with buck.hor
J, wire -four strands), SIPS; with plai
J. wire five strands), SG5S; with ribbo
e wire -four strands, ,S634; with commo
n lashed wire, S60S. Professor Nelso
Y wanted to know whether a man ma
;, ing barbed wire fence along roa
e would be liable for damages from acc
dents to stock passing along said roa,
and Secretary Edge replied that
Chester county the Supervisors ha
!. ordered such fences taken down, an
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