The examiner., 1886-06-19
SOCIALISM,
ANTAGONEsTIC OPPOsGTEs.
The Difference Between ,he r.ms

Secretary:
 In reading the newspapers, we find the two names mentioned above frequently put side by side. Nay, we find them also asso- cIated with the terms Communism and Nlhlllsm, as though these four F|isms'' had the closest relation to each other. This is mistake. Socialism and Audrchisns are opposltes which have nothing in common but their appurtenance to Social Science. Socialists and Anarchists as such are en- em1es. They pursue contrary aims, and the success of the former will destroy for ever the hopes of the latter.
 It is true that in theories, both are thoroughly dissatisfied with the present state of human society and it's politics, and that they severely criticize almost all the economical and political constitutions and laws, teachings and practices, as now understood. But they do so from very diff ferent points of view. The Anarchist worships at the shrine of Liberty. Liberty is his goddess, and his only deity, in theory at least. He rejects all laws imposed on him from without, and respects only such laws as he himself ordains. He wants no association but with men of his own turn of mind, no rule of the majority, no sub- mission under any will but his own, no discipline. He imagines that human so- clety may be recognized in the following way: When persons enough are convert ed to his ideas, all present Institutions are to be destroyed, State and church, property and laws, of course, foremost, Re-organ- 1zation then may begin by the voluntary association of groups of such persons as are thoroughly in accord; these groups may = form larger societies for certain special purposes of work or enjoyment; and these societies may agree with other such for still more special aims, and so on till all mankind is voluntarily organized. And since men are changeable in their ideas, purposes and whims, each of the groups, societies and their connections may dis solve and differently re-organize them selves, as far as they see fit, without ever applying constraint upon one another.
 It must not be assumed that we misrep- resent the Auarchistic theory. We would gladly quote from their writings to prove the correctness of our statements: but as no book IS Ill existence in which their theory IS taught commercially, we would need great deal of scattered sayings found in their newspapers, in order to present their own documentary evidence. Our readers may, however, find in Beniauai9a R. Fuckers weekly Liberty (box 1866. Boston, Mass. an Anarchistic organ which they may take for an authority on the sub Ject, and an interesting one, too Our readers will of course, call the above ideas an Utopia and utterly impractical; of our own opinion in this respect we will speak later on.
 Socialism, on the other hand is an anti pode of Anarchism. It presupposes hu- ffSn Ths as sfmpfgst fl o1tsr times through many changes into what it is. Society cannot be dissolved and re- organized. If it is to be renewed, it has to do it and does it generally at all times. It obeys it's own inborn laws, and the et- forts of single men and sects cannot even give it any other direction but the one which is inherent and prepared. Scientific truth and discoveries may hasten or retard it's development, but can little change It. This is the fundamental doctrine of that most modern form of Socialism which was originated by Karl MarT, which calls it. self Social Democracy, and is so widely spread in Germany and many other coun- tries of Europe, and bids fair to convert mankind.
 According to the doctrine which is well established by historical and scientific re- search human society began in tribes which were enlarged families of blood relationship and had communistic and democratic institution, such as we still find preserved among Indians, Arabs, nomadlc tribes generally, and traces or remnants of which may yet be witnessed in old cus- toms of every civilized nation. At this staoe of development the first division of labor was invented, together with the first attempts of agriculture, the tanning of wild animals and the improvement of plants into plants of culture. When the working in metals was invented, and new, powerful weapons gave some tribes an ascendency over others, wars on larger scale were in augurated for the conquest of land and the achievement of weaker tribes-and thus monarchy and feudalistic institutions based on enslaved labor, arose and found ed large realms, laws for the government of the slaves and all but the lawgivers who rarely obeyed their own laws. At this stage private property came into existence After a vain attempt at re-establishing, II fine old Greek and Roman republics, th' original communistic democracy and re DnbIic. despotism remained victorious, ant after the conquest of the the Roman Elm pire through German and Mongol barbar ians. their communism was blended witl the Roman physical and mental despotlsn in the feudalism of the Middle Age.
 Most of the old inventions and discover ies. together with the contemporary metho' of production aud distribution of products were lost. as was the best portion of an tiaue science and art. Yet vestige o ancient democracy and communism wa preserved through the German conquerers and institutions were founded which SC cured a sufficiency of support for ever walk in life. Everybody was more or les provided for and could hardly ever becom entilely helpless. In the walled cities new democracy sprang up, and new 1nVen tiOQS ana O1ScOVerlGS NoIc AI6uC3 OA VI ones renewed. Thus it was again th method of production which revolutionize all religion, State constitutions, social 0 panizations and laws. The invention gunpowder, gradually eradicating knigh hood and, through the discovery and COT quest of America, inaugurated the model neriod. in which capital became supren arbiter of the fate of nations, and set u 9 human mind discovering and inventin dissolVing all old prejudices, superstitio
 and dogmas. This fourth great period
 deyelopement cultivated for the secoI time in history an excessive individuals and established anarchy.
 Modern production is essentially anarc
 ial. though under the skillful semblanee
 law. The majority of men are, or so.
 become, disinherited, because land, bull
 ings. money-all the great means of lab
 are the property of capitalists, which
 protecte by State and church; they mu
 in order to live, sell their only propert
 their working force, for what capitals
 will pay for it, which is rarely more th
 one-half of it's real value. Labor becon
 merchandize, which, like every other,
 sold for what it will bring. And as
 supply of labor is, or soon becomes great
 than the demand for it, the competition
 capitalists for the worlds market of tn
 goods prevents them from paying more
 labor than what 1t costs to keep It's SC IOroduaffOn iS m Tor