davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
VERMONT.

A railroad from burlington to Nal
let's Bay is talked Of.
Sir Thaddeus Fairbanks OF Saint
Jchnsbury is dead at 80.
Adirondack Murray is bu.ying HIM
self lecturing and experimenting the
building of yacht for his own use at
Burlington. Hope he will have more
success with it than he did with his
''buckboard. "
Rutland Univcrsaists are moving to
build u church, and 81 800 have been
pledged.
The 10th anniversary Of the Baptist
church IN West Randolph, will be APP
propratcly celebrated Saturday May 8.
A thirty-eight ton locomotive the
"Magog" has recently been placed on
the Passumpsic road. 1t is the hcavl-
est engine on the road.
l.. NJ. Knight, formerly leading
merchant of johnson, is how a ravlng
maniac. it is said from the excessive
use of cigars.
A large number Of COWS have been
shipped from West Randolph to bos-
ton and Rhode Island this Spring, $50
and $40 being the price paid for the
best ones.
Two Rutland men have contracted to
furnish a New York confectionery firm
with three tons of maple sugar.
Work is being pushed rapidly in fit
ing up the building for the shirt factory
at Rutland, and 1t is expected that 80
machines will be started up this week.
Riley Hill of Warren attempted to
kill himself recently, by cutting his
arm with an axe, below the elbow,
thinking to bleed to death. He made
bad job Of it and probably will be-
come town charge.
There is q poplar tree near Middle
bury that measures % feet four inches
in circumference 1T one foot from the
ground.
Rev. 7. Dewitt Talmage lectures al
Montpelier, May 18th. Subject
"The Bright Side of Things
Mrs, /. I. Mack of Bellows Falls,
has in her window o tomato plant four
and half feet high that has one ripe
tomato and more blossoms.
St. Johnsbury has voted an appro-
priation of $4,000 for the location of
the State Soldiers Home in that burg.
Col. Franklin Fairbanks and Gen. ii.
X. Ide have been appointed commit
tee to confer with the Trustees of the
home.
The Central Vermont RAILROAD las
lust had its butter cars thoroughly re-
paired and rcfitted throughout, while
they have been painted delicate shade
of pink on the outside.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

where theip physiological effects arc in
digestion, dyspepsia, or worse evils
The question naturally arises, why
do these cheap baking powder makers
use these things? Alum is three cents
a pound, lime still cheaper, while
cream of tartar costs thir,y-fvc or
forty. The reasons for the chemical
purity of the Royal Baking Powder
were recently gwen in the New York
Times in an interesting description of a
new method for refining argols, or
crude cream OF tartar. 1t seems that
it is only under this process that cream
of tartar can be freed from the lime
natural to it and rendered chemically
pure; that the patents and plant Of this
COS. the Royal Baking Powder Com
pany about half million dollars, and
that they maintain exclusive control Of
tie rights.
Prof. McMurtrie, late chief chemist
of the Department of Agriculture at
Vs. -lngton, ID. o., IN the interests OF
comm rec, made an examination Of
this process, and reported upon the
res Its attained in the refined cream of
tartar. The following extract from
his report would seem to answer the
question repeated at the head Of this
article, and which is so frequently pro-
pounded by the house keeper:
81 have examined the cream OF tar
tar used by the Royal Baking Powder
Company in the manufacture OF their
baking powder, and find it to be per-
fectly pare, and free from lime in amy
form. The chemical tests to which |
have submitted the Royal Baking
Powder proves it perfectly henlihlul,
and free from every deIeterions sub
stnuce,'
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

y willow iarm IN Macon, ,r,., pro-
duGus about Il ton Of switches TO the
acre. commanding, when dried, $500,
and. rs the leaves and bark sell 1T %
cents \ pOlnd bii.ed, The enterprise
pays better tIn cUltVn
last tennessee bids fair 10 become
Me %,rairs, L"n,cco grow, section in
tho L NON Good ldscs dcc,aru that
l5r +u!I ul that ,rgIon is suited To the
production ot ~ line grade of the
weed us any grown in tho world.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

How to laundry linen as it is done in
Troy, N. Y, has been kept secret long
enough; it can and should be done in
every family. The ELASTIC STARCH
is the only starch in the United States
that is put up by men who have a practi-
cal knowledge Of the laundry profession.
1t requires no cooking. keeps the iron
from sticking and linen from blistcring
while ironing, and gives shirts, cuffs and
collars that stiffness and beautiful polish
they have when new, which, everybody
knows keeps them clean twice as long
Beware of limitations See that the name
Off, c. llCBlNGER & BRO, New Haven,
Conn, IS .il every package.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

We observe that some Of the repub-
lcan papers are disturbed as to what
the knights # labor intend to do in
this State. We also notice that IL
large number Of prominent republican
politicians are Just now greatly inter-
csted in the labor question and have
gone into the order, probably with a
view to shape its political action when
the time comes. This sudden rush is
perfectly understood by the knights
and will be dealt with accordingly. -
Hanover Gazette.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

Every effort to "knock the pins
from uud9r the President, only tends
to add another black eye to the Repub-
lcan party. The President is serene,
innexibc, firm, honest and fearless
and all the bug-a.boos that are hurled
at him, pass him by, and in no manner
discomfort him. He has the best side
of all controversies, and it is an undis-
guised fact that Grover Cleveland is
President for the time being.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Farm labor is unusually high in
Coos county, good help asking s26 a
month aud board.
William Parker, prosperous farm
er of New Boston, committed suicide
on Thursday.
Nathaniel Whitehouse Of Tuftens'
boro has celebrated his one hundrcdth
birthday in good health.
A Colebrook octegenarian made u
hundred baskets the past winter.
The proposed legislative reunion at
Concord will probably be held June lG.
Great Falls Methodists have buried
the Ratchet, united in one chunk. and
will enter sheol together.
Agnes Farley, a teacher in Wash
ington, D. c., and niece of ex-Gov.
Cheney, is soon to marry wealthy
manufactures OF Rellast, Ire.
Thomas Gay, of Portsmouth, Wh4
died recently, was one of the daring
sailors who blew up the rebel ram
"Albermarle," in Cape Fear river,
N. c.
Esther Dow of Dearfeld, who died
recently at the age of SO years, had
never seen railway train. For years
she had not been outside the limits of
her farm.
A Hill man, troubled with a stom-
ach difficulty that batlied the skill of
physicians, has lived on bread and
milk for eight years.
Albino Clough OF Etlingham, dam
geoously wounded William Powers by
putting bullet through his lungs, I'M
dEe familiarity with the formers wife
being the moiige.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

The Virgin Salt Co., Of New Haven,
Conn, are making grand offer to in
troducc their salt. Go and ask your
grocer for Virgin salt and get an elegant
Easter Card. In addition Wc offer an cX-
ira induccment: a pair Of Doves beauti-
fully Autographed in Ten colors, as natural
as life on large card 9Xl0 inches. Vir-
gin salt is the Gle ncst, purest and whit
est salt ever seen or used. A large pack
age costs only 10 cts.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

The Republicans have finally got an
issue. 1t has been discovered that
President Cleveland shayes Sunday
mornings. Edmunds should call for
the shaving paper.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

We have received the first number
of "The Rutland Express,' it is Re-
publican, is edited by Jewett p. Cain,
and goes for Uncle Edmunds scalp.
1t is IA good looking, wcll-iilled paper,
but it has no field or mission, and its
early death will be no wonder.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
A GA r d.

TO all who are suffering from the errors
and indiscretions Of youth, nervous weak
ness, carly decay, loss of manhood, &C.,
| will send a 'cipe that will cure you,
FREE OF CHARGE. This great remedy
was discovered by a missionary in South
America. Send sell-addressed envelope
10 the RrY. JOSEPH T, INMAN, Station D.,
New York City.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

Mere than 100000 Copies tiu:,i?tIy.
Among the features for the coming volume.
which pegims with the Novemue, nl:luhcf, .re:
THE WAR PAPERS
BY GEN. GRANT AND OTHERS
These will be continued (mOst of them Illus
tratel) until the chief events of the Civil
War have bcer described by leading p0riici
pants on both sides. Gensral Grant pa
pers includes descriptions Of the battles of
Chattanooga and the Wilderness. General
Mcclellan will write Of Antet,m. General u
{ Buel of Shiloh, Generals Pore. Longotrcet
and others of the Second Bull Run. etc, etc.
Naval combats, including the fight between
the kearsarge and the Alabama by officers of
both ships, viii be described.
The "EecolectiOnS At Private" and
special war papers Of al uuecdotli or humur-
GUS character will be tho feature of the year.
Serial Stories By
WD HowELLs, MARY HALLOCK FOoTE, AND
GEORGE W CABLE,
A!r IioVeils' serial will be in lighter vein
than The Rise Of Siag Laphan." Mrs Foote'.
is a story of mining life, and Mr. Cqble'3 q
novelette, Of the Acadians Of Louisiana Mr.
Cable Will also contribute series OF papers
on Hlafe Songs and paucea, including negro
serpeH,.wor,lnp, ote
SrEcIAL lEArUaG
Include "a Triryc'e Pilgrimage to Rome Sc
illustrated by pcunell Historical Papers by
Edward EsSleston, and others Papers on
Persia. by C W benjamin, lately L. s..
minister, with numerous illustrations !;
Astron ,mical Artic es, practical and popular
on "Si0ereal Astronomy : Papers on Chris
ton Unity by representative of various
religious denominations Papot, GA Manual
Education, by various experts, etc etc.
S4oRr SroRlEs
By Frank Ii Stockton. Mrs Helen Jackson
or. H.. Mrs Mary Ilallock Eoote. Joel
Chandler Harris, Ii II Boycscn, 7 A Janvicr,
Julian Hawthorne, Richard NJ Johnston, and
others and poems by leading poets. The
Departments. -"Open Letters. "nric. Brlc,
etc., viii be fully sustained.
The ILLUsTRATIoNs
Will he kept up to the standard which has
made The Century cugravlngs famous the
world over
rntcEs. i SPECIAL OFFER.
Regular subscription price, $i.C0 year
To euabo new readers to get all the War
Papers, with contributions from Generals
Grant McCiellan, RcfNtega"d, = Johnston,
! ow Wallace, Admiral Porter and others. We
will send the II back numbers, November.
1854, to October, 1855, with years subscrip
ton beginning with November, 1885, for 80
tor the whole. \ subscription, with tho II
numbers bound in two handsome volumes,
81 80 for the whole. Back numbers only
supplied al these prices with subscriptions.
A free specimen copy (back number will
be sent on request. Mention this paper.
All dealers and postmaster
tions and supply numbers a
special offer, or remittance may be made Iii.
rcctly to The CENTURY Co.. New York.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

The only remark attributed to the
President in connection with the report
of his engagement to Miss Folsom is
that to friend who asked him about
it, he said: II cannot afford to get
married. am II poor man.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
STATE OF VERMONT

STATE OF VERMONT, At n Probate
DISTRICT OF HARTFORD, IS. Court neld at
Woodstock, within and for said District,
on the nineteenth day of February. A. d.
1888.
Present, Hon. John Porter, Judge.
Sarah A. Chamberlin's estate, Barnard,
tcstatc
Edwin Allen, Executor of the last
will and testament of the said tcstatriX,
proposes to render an account of his
administration, aud to present his account
against said estate for examination and al
lowance at Probate Court to be held at
Woodstock aforesaid on the first Wednesday
(sevenlh day. OF April next The Court
therefore orders that notice of the zane be
given 10 all persons interested in said esta ate,
by publishing Copy Of the record of this
order three weeks successfully in the Spirit
Of the Age, newspaper printed at Woodstock
afoi esaid, that they may appear before SAID
Court and contest the allowance of said &C
count. if they see cause.
true record.
HENRY S. DANA, Register.
true copy of record.
Attest HENRY, 8. DANA, Register.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
CAPITAL PRIZE, $4,000.
list OF PRIZES.
APPROXIMATION PRIZES.

1867 Prizes, amounting TO s2G3 800
Application for rates to clubs should be made
only to the Office of the Company in New
Orleans.
For further information write clearly, CIV
ing full address. POSTAL NOTES, Express
Money Orders. or New York Exchange in
ordinary letter. Currency by Express (at
cur expense, addressed
NJ. A. DAUPHIN,
New Orleans, La,
or NJ. A. DAUPIIlN,
Washington. ID. &.
Make p O. Money Orders payable and
address Registered Letters to
NEW UIsLRANs NAgsuNss. BANK,
New Orleans, Ia.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
hat Tired Feeling

When tic weather crows warmer, that
GxtgcIGl tired feeling, want OF appetite,
du.NcaS, languor, and lasstudc, aillict
almost the entire human family, and scrof-
ula and other diseases caused by hunors,
manifest themselves with many. IL is i'm
possible to throw of this debility and expcl
huEors from the blood without the aid q Il
reliable medicine Ike Hoods SarSaparIla.
81 could not sleep, and would get up in
the morning with hardly life enough to get
out Of led, hs! no appetite, "n1 my
Lrn womb .lrr. L unt WIN l,Il.Nlns. ! hNMHht
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

SEND MoNEI ~ AMERICAN EX-
PRESS Co. MONEY ORDERS. Receipts
given. Money refunded if Orders are
lost. Sold at all offices of the Co.
Payable at $500 places. Rates TO
Sj-jt; Sl0-Sc; S20-l0c; $50. l2c !;
$40 be; S50.20c.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

At no other season Is the system so sus-
ccptiblc TO tho beneficial effects Of a re-
liable tonic and inyigorant. Tic impure
state Of the blood, the deranged digestion,
and the weak condition Of the body, caused
by Its long battle With the cold, wintry
blasts, all call for the revivlng, regulating
and restoring influences so happily and
effectively combined in Hoods SarSaparIlla,
"Ilood's Sarsaparilla did me great deal
Of good. | had no particular disease, but
WAS tired out from oycrwork, and 1t toned
me Ul." Mrs. &. J.. SIMMONS, COhOcS, \. y.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

RAlE's HONEY is the hes, Cough Crrr, IS zoe, 81.
GLENN's SULPHUR SOAP heals and bcautiles &c.
GERMAN CORN REMOVER kills Coms s: Bunone. &c,
HILLS HAIR & WEIsKER DYE--BlacI; & Brown, 5Dc,
PIXIES rooTHhcHE DROPS cur. in / Minute, 2,:.
DEANS EHEuNhrW Pills ass = str: c'r', "oc-
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
Fnerer sccles or posiOoncs.

lts Grand Single Number Drawing.
take place Iaonihiy auI the i:-.rts-
OrGiifar, EraWing- rcgnE"riy every
three neHihs INSTEAD OF Scnti-in-
nuaiiy az hcs"'oinra, hTgir'iag
March. 1886.
4 ,-PiENDlD OPPORTUNITY 20
WIN A FORTUNE. FIFTH GRAND
EMy OF MUSIC, NEW ORLEANS
TUESDAY, may 18Th. lssG-
lD2d Monthly Drawing.
CAPITAL PRIZE, $4,000.
100000 Tickets at Five Dollars Each.
Fractions, in Fifths in proportion.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
FOR SALE .

One OK Cart, one Farm Wagon TOR one
horse, iron axle and in good repair; one
Shares Harrow: 100 Sap Buckets, nearly
new; one good Chamber Set.
The above will be sold at Il bargain to close
an Estate.
j. $. MONTAGUE.
Woodstock, Feb. %, 1886.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

Eggs are eight cents dozen at sort
Worth. Jay Gould could get big re-
caption there at small cost.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

More than four thousand appoint
ments are awaiting action by the
Senate.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

Why does summer hotel in winter
resemble heaven? Because there not
u damned soul there,
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

A New York jury has given Mrs.
Shivers $500. No reason row why
she shouldn't warm herself
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

1t is said that Allen G. Thurman
drinks only Appolinaris water. Is it
true then that genuine Democracy is
dying out?- Atlanta Constitution.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
- 1; .tI'liS.

In Pomfrct, March 80, PAMELA, wife of
Daniel strcctrr, aged 50 years and . months.
We Nympathize with our venerable demo-
cratic friend in the loss of hi, nearest and
dearest earthly companion. Ed.
In sWcst Randolph, April 10. Mrs l. A
Curtis, aged 80 years and & months.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

When Baby was sick, We gave her Csstoria,
When she WAS Child she cried for Castoria,
When she became Miss, she chung to Castoria,
When abe had Children, she gave them Castoria,
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
100 Doses One Dollar
H=#a.H -.aa#.# -
lisl'IlS.
In Springfield, April ID, It daughter to Mr.
and Mrs l. NJ Cragin.
.Gli lslNS EIAS.

In Windsor, April 10, by Rev Nathan 5
Hill, Charles { Mason and Nellie NJ Hardy,
both Of Cornish, n. H.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
Sick Headache.

SICK HcauaCnc.
Thousands who have suffered intensely with
sick headache say that Hoods Sarsaparla
has completely cured them. One gentleman
thus relieved, wrtesi floods Sarsaparilla
1, worth Its weight In gold" Reader, II you
are q sufferer with sick headache. give Hoods
Sarsapartlla a trial. 1t will do you positive
good. Made BY O. I. Hood & Co., Lowell.
Mass. Sold by all druggists.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
j.. II. 0GLESBY,
Pres. Louisiana National Bank.
). ". KILBRETH,
Pres. State National Bank.
4. BALDWIN.
Pres. New Orleans National Bank.

Incorporated in 1865 for % years by the
Legislature for Educational and Charitable
puIposeS-wth Il capital of @l,00O, 0O0-to
which Il reserve fund of over 100000 has
since been added.
BY an overwhelming popular vote it, fran
chisc was made Il part Of the present State
Constitution adopted Dee. ID A. d., 1879.
The only Lottery ever voted on and en-
dorsed by the people Of any State.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

"For seven years, spring and fall, had
scr0fulOus sores come ont on my legs, and
for two years was not free from them at
all. suffered very much. Last May / began
taking Hoods Sarsaparlla, and before | had
taken two bottles, the sores healed and the
humor left me-" G. \. ARNOLD, Arnold, Me.
"Thcrc is no blood purifier equal 10 Hoods
SarSaparilla." l.. s. PHELPS, Rochester, NY.
Hoods Sarsapariiia
Sold by all druggists. 81; SIX for s.. Made
only by c. ]. HOOD y CO., Lowell, Mass.
100 Doses One Dollar
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
Post Publishing Co.,
Is Milk Street, s!os|08.
n II L G L n II [ r Y
for lSSJ-SG.

The remarkable interest in the Wrr papors
and in the many timely articles aud strong
serial features published recently in the
CENTURY has given that magazine II regular
circulation of
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
A Great Cause of Human Misery
Il the LOSS of
E'k||syIIaag:s''g|j!sz|!s!Y 81

A Lecture on the Nature, Treatment
and Radical cure of Seminal Weakness, or
Spermatorrhoea induced by Self-Abrse, In
voluntary Emissions, Impotoncv, Nervous
Debility, and Gmpedments to Marriage
generally; Consumption, Epilepsy and Fits /;
Mental and Physical Incapacity, &c by
ROBERT !. CULFERWEII.. NJ. D.
Tie world renowned author, in this adj
mirable Lecture, clearly proves from his
own experience that the awful consequences
Of selt.abuse may be etlectualy removed
without dangerous surgical operations
bougies. instruments, rings or cordials
pointing out mode Of cure at once certain
aud electual, by which every sufferer, no
matter what his condition may be, may cure
himself cheaply, privately and radically.
~" This lecture ,oiH prore boon to hou-
sands and thousands.
Sent under seal, in plain envelope, to any
address, on receipt of four cents. or two post
age stamps. Address
THE CULVERWELL MEDICAL CO.,
Al Ann St, New York. n. ": Post
Office Box, $50.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
MY" Ct:;'"a!, ..lsIEH. S75.njh ,Ill
Tickets only ~. Shares in proportion.
Louisiana State Lottery Company.

"We do hereby certify that we super
wise the arrangements for all the Monthly
and Quarterly Drawings Of the Lousi-
ana State Lottery Company, and in per-
son manage and control the Drawings
themselves, and that the same are con-
Quoted with honesty, fairness, and in good
faith toward all parties, and we authorize
the Company to use this certificate, with
fnc-simics Of our signatures attached, in
its advertisements"
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21
Hoods SarsaparffIEs

" bottle If Hoods Sarsaparilla, and soon
began to sleep soundly; could get up with
out that tired and languid feeling, and my
appetite improved" II. A. SANFORD, Kent, o.
81 had been much troubled by general
debility. Last spring Hoods Sarsaparilla
proved just the thing needed. I derived an
Immense amount Of benefit. I never felt
better" Il. T. MILIET, Boston, Mass.
Saooc!'s Sarsapsri!Ia
Sold hy Hl druggists. 81; six for IS. Made
onlyhy G. !, HOOD q CO., Lowell, Mass.
100 Doses One Dollar
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

We the undersigned Banks and Bankers
will pay all Prizes drawn in The Louisiana
State Lotteries which may be presented ut
our counters.
Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1886-04-21

1t Is q well-known fact that most of the
Horse and Cattle Powder sold in this coun-
try is worthless; that Sherldan's Condition
Powder Is absolutely pure and very valuable
Nothing on Earth will make hens
lay like Sheridan's Condition Pow
dor. lnan one lnlSnNnntnl 10 clCh mint Of
The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1886-06-30
The Oldest Republic.

The general reader has no doubt sup
posed Switzerland to be the oldest re-
public on the globe. 1t has usually been
characterized as such, and admired fo1
maintaining its freedom for centuries in
rd-fought battles, principally with
Austria, which, with an eye always to
the annexation of territory, failed to con-
quer the cantons of the Alps. On the
contrary, Austria, in these conflicts, lost
some of her own possessions.
The origin of the Swiss Confederacy
dates back to 1908. But there Is a re-
public named San Marino, in Northwest
Italy, which sprung into existence in
AL, of which little thought has ever
been taken. This republic is inclosed on
all sides by Italian provinces. Z 1t is in a
fourishing condition, although it has but
one principal town, and four or five vii
lagos, with an aggregate population of
between 5000 and 5000. 1t is 2, 200
feet above the level of the sea has a Gov
ernor, schools, churches, a theatre, a
town-hall, museum, two converts and
a couple of vast cisterns to supply the
public with water Rural employment
and silk manufacture are the principal
industries. The army of San Marino
consists of about 1000 AS none of the
surrounding powers seem inclined to in
terfere with the little republic, who can
tell what great commercial triumphs it
will achieve when its railroad is com
pleted2