Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-01-04
FRONTIER SKETCHES.
Something About the Friars and In
iians Who Flourished Long
Ago.
whore the siisslons Were and HOW Thcy
worked-Fun List of The Texas
Indian TRIBES.



10 the subject matter Of our volume, Dat
when the fact is considefed that thsy
were established for the purpose II cou-
vertlus aud ciyitizing the native Indian
tribes, and when we note the untirng
zeal sud energy ot the good missionaries
laboring TO accomplish this difficult task
IL VIII not seem so. Oar knowledge OF .
the history Of these grand old structures
Is very meager, but we give all the facts .
accessible (Which we have complied prin-
cipally from the histories OF Yoakum anu I
Thraln
From the discovery Of Texas by La
Sale IN 1855 until it was colonized hy /
Anelo-A merlcans IN 1921 has apprepri- |
u ely been called "The Mission reriod.n |
Durlng this period quite a number OF /
missions dos missiones) wete bNilt Ia I
different parts OF the state; an |
with the same ohject-the con-
version of the native tribes.
These Texas missions were
established aud presided over by Francis
can irars or monks sent out from The
colleges OF Queretavo and Tacat,c cas-
Nmong them the president OF the latter
college, Father Antouio MargiD, under
the Direction of the Spanish government
To each mission or preside was given a
tract of land several miles square, gem
orally heated in some valley near river
such locations being doubtless selected
on account OF their caDabilty Of irriga-
tion as well as for the fertility Of the soil.
All these rich valleys were irrigated by
Il system Of acequas (ditches) made by
the Indians under supervision OF the
friars. Some OF these bitches are still 10
be seen. The Aceqnia dc Ia Mudre,
which, with its branches, waters large
part OF San Antonio, Is the same that
/ WAS made by tue Eranciscans over one
hundred and fifty years ago.
| Here the fathers began their work with
civilized Indians from Mexico trained 70
agriculture and the mechanical arts. The
best disposed members of the surround
| ing tribes were induced by various means
to congregate upon the land. Houses
were built for the priests and their fol-
! lowers aud rude huts for the Indians. A
chapel was erected as a place Of worship
! While they were making preparations Tor
aud building these massive churches and
we may well believe that with the many
aud great disadvantages they had to en-
counter in country so new 1t must have
been a work Of time. The care of stock,
cultivaiing the soil tor the production
OF food, indeed all the work that was re-
4 CURED was performed by the natives, and
for services thus rendered they were fed,
clothed and instructed Their work was
no small matter, as they were always in
danger of attacks from hostile tribes.
Many of the tribes could not be Induced
to come into the missions and regarded
as eucmies all who did.
The tribes that could not be brought
under the Influence Of the missions are
as follows, up TO date 1893; lejas CATER
whom the state was probably named)
. Vidaias, Taucalinesy Luitsios, Atacapas,
Horcoquesas, Flichazes, Ieryipamos,
Nacodoches, Asinas, Nasones, Cadoda-
ches, TaoDayes, Tahocanes, Pahismahas
and Osages, also the Apaches and Lipans,
although the two tribes last named lived
in that part Of the province near Coahul-
la. IL is possible that individuals Of the
above named tribes may have been con-
verified, but not single tribe as whole,
INDIAN TRIBES OF TEXAS
The following list of the names of the
Indian tribes of Texas is given here as a
matter of history, aud as curioslt lily. II
lis taken from "Drake's North American
Indians" aud is enutled can Alphabet
cal Enumeration of the Indian Tribes OF
Texas:n
Accokesaw, west side Colorado, about
200 miles southwest Nacogdoches, in
, 1906,
Adaize, four miles from Natchitoches,
ON Lake Macdon, forty men IN 1906.
Alicne, near Nacogduches in 1906, then
nearly extinct. Spoke Caddo.
Allibama (Crecks), formerly ON that
river, but removed to Red river in l764
Apaches (Lapane), between Rio Del
Norte and sources OF Nuaees river; 5000
in 1917.
Apalachcola, once on that river in
West Florida; removed to BED river in
: 1894.
; Arrapahas, south side main Canada
4. river; 1900 in 1886 on Kanzas river.
Arrenamuse, ON st. Antonio river, neal
/. It's mouth, in Texas; 1870 in 1918.
AttacapRs, In a district OF their name Ii
Louisiana; but 80 men in 1906; removed
to Texas
Bodies, on Trinity river, Louisiana
about sixty miles south OF Nacogdoches
S lG0 in 1906
Big Devils (Yanktons), $500 in 1896
about the head Of Red river.
Biloxi at Biloxi gulf, Mexico, 1899,
{ few on Red river in 1904, where they haC
removed.
q Caddo, on Red river in l7l7; powerful
ON Sodo bay in 1900; in 1904, 100 men.
/. Cadodache (Nacogdochet), ON Angelina
n river; 100 miles above the Nechezi sixt.
! in 1920.
Canvas or Kaiwa, on main Canada riy
err aud south Of IL in $780,
/. Camanches tShoshone), warlike anC
1 numerous IN interior of Texas.
Canoes, (KNnsas) 1906, from bay Of ST
: Bernard, over Grand river toward Ver
n Cruz
1 Caraukona, (Cannibals) on peninsula
: of bay Of st. Bernard, Louisiana, 1900 ii
I 1906.
I Caree, on coast between the Huacei
and Rio del Norte, 1900 in 1917
Cayugas, Qriquois) one OF six nations
moved 10 Texas very early.
.Chactoo, on Red river, in 1905 but 100
. indigenous, always lived there
! Cherokee, in Georgia, South Carolina
etc, till 1886, thence forced beyond the
! Mississippi to Texas.
!, Cneis, on river flowing into Sabine
Lake, 1890; the Coenis Of Hennipin PROB
: ably.
j Coronkwa, on San Jacinto river, be.
tween Trinity aud Brazos, $50 In 1920.