davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1886-04-10


Trovare, in Roberts county, is Immediately
on the edge of the Sisseton reservation and
looking for big boom as it is opened and il
is believed il will be available for settlement
much sooner than the Sioux, as the Indians
are far more civilized and in favor of the
measure.
AS the territory does NOT insure any OF its
buildings, the citizens OF BrookinRs are rails
ing money to insure the college buildings
there, which they can better afford to do than
to take the chances and delay of an appropri-
alton from the legislature, as in the case of
Madison.
Some of the capitalists, or those who ex-
pect to be- at Salem have organized a COM
pany to mine for silver in the Palisades in
the Sioux Falls region. Similar companies
are being organized in other places, and there
is q growing interest in the silver question.
Central Dakota has determined to hold q
grand celebration and camp fire OF the G. A.
X. at the lakewood Lakes the first week in
July. The grounds by the old fort occupied
by Capt. Kennedy and his scouts in the In
dian war of 1862 will probably be used.
The people of Grandviev, in Douglas
county, are unhappy over the prospect that
the new railroad from Scotland to Mitchell
VIII miss the town just far enough to kill it.
There is almost too much of it to put Oh
wheels to take to the railroad.
1t is not often the wheat seeding is under
full beadway before the ice breaks I'm tho
Rcd river, Uub bHdI is Iue Cuse luis year. nc
rain has yet fallen and the ground is so dry
and dusty that little of the surplus rain OF
the East would be acceptable.
A great deal of interest is being taken il
the establishment of a Y. NJ. G. A. at Sioux
Falls. eighty-one members having been Sc
cured and arrangements making for opening
rooms j. V Farwell, the Chicago merchant
has sent SIS towards it.
The artesian well at Aberdeen also is to b
utilized to furnish power for an electric ligh
plant. 1t is thought that ultimately 1t ma
be used as d motor TO perform pretty niue
all kinds of work except editing newspaper
and running for Office.
The Office fitted up for Marshal Maratta q
Yankton is said to lay over anything in tn
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
Wabash.

Mrs Hannah Clarke, of Cambridge City, who
has been visiting relatives here for two weeks
past, returned home on Thursday. Mrs. Sam
Simon is visiting relatives in South Bend
Mr.. AL Oswald, of Roam, and Miss Grace Ellis,
a popular young lady of this city, were married
last evening, at the residence of DR.. G. S. Ellis
on West Main street. Mrs. r.. T. Brown, of
indianapolis, is visiting Rev. S. j. Tomlinson
and wife. :. Mrs. S. NJ. Blount, of East Hill
street, is entertaining Mrs. S. 8. Lovey of
Lima, o. Miss Ida Smith has returned
from Oxford, where she has been attending
the female seminary. Mr.. and Mrs. Lon
Fongeres leave this week for Chicago and
Mount Clemens, Mich. At the latter place they
will make sojourn of several weeks. Mrs.
Aaron Simon is visiting relatives at New Cum
bertrand. Mr.. and Mrs. B. F. Harris. of Rich
mond, Ind, are visiting Mr.. and Mrs. Asa Ross
West Maple street. Rev. Charles Little
Of the Presbyterian Church. Is spending week
or two in Dakota. DIR. D. W. Strodlsy and
wife will leave on Tuesday for Colorado where
they will visit relatives. A. NJ atkinson and
wife are spending several weeks at Bethany
Park. Mr.. NJ j.. Boron, well-known
young merchant, and Miss Lulu Reed. a
popular teacher in me city. will be married at
the home of the bride, on Falls avenue. next
Wednesday evening. Misses Alme Zeieler
and Rosalind Keller are visiting Miss Eda Maier.
at Fort Wayne. MIS-. Fannie Brake, of Kan
sas City, is visiting ner parents Mr. and Mrs.
Sam q. Smiley. o. East Main street Mrs.
Julia Curtis, OF Goshen, is spending the sum.
mer with relatives here. Mr.. and Mrs. L. g.
Miles are whiting Mr. and Mrs. Joe Russell, OF
West Way ne street, Fort Wayne.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20

others, of this city, were present and assisted in
instituting the Spencer Lodge, and they will, no
doubt, watch with great interest the working Of
this team, which is said to be one Of the very
best in the State
Excelsior LodgesNo. Is, Initiated one candi-
date 10 the first rank, gave Ave candidates an
insight into the mysteries of the second rank.
and received two applications for the first on
Friday night. Officers were also nominated for
the approaching term. DIR. Saul. Brothers
McFadden. of Star Lodge, No. Z, and Morris, of
Olive Branch Lodge, No 3. and other visiting
brothers assisted in the work The candid ates
who received the second rank will ever remem-
Der the admirable work done by DIR. Saul on
this occasion.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
PERSONAL MENTION ELSEWHERE.
Crawfordsyille.

Seymour Detchon and sister, Miss Matte,
gave tea party on Sunday evening. Miss
Ida Brown. of Indianapolis, has been visiting
the family of T. ID. Brown. Miss Mary H.
Krout, of the Chicago Interior, attended the
commencement exercises, and is at home for a
vacation of three weeks. Rev. G. r. Hills, of
jacksonville o.. will preach at the First Pres
byterian Church this morning. Rev w. p
Mckee will preach each Sunday this summer at
Center Church. President Tuttle and wife
are visiting at Fox Lake, Wis. Prof W. r.
McLane will spend the summer at Kendall
III. Elder U. g Brewer, of Danville, will
preach at the Christian Church to day. /. :.
Prof j. L. Campbell has gone to southern In
diana, to work the geodetc survey this sum
mer. Mrs. Prof. Harvey Thompson is visiting
at Paxton, III. Rev, J. c. Foster will preach
this morning and evening at the Baptist Church
=, Mrs. Jere Keeney is among friends at South
Bend. s. c. Kenny was married on last
Wednesday, at Stilesville to Miss Laura E.
Swope and d. w. Doty was married on Thurs
day TO a Miss Smith. at Wellsvile, o. These
two young men are prominent attorneys.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
*. of p.

Indianapolis Lodge, No. Sc, nominated officers
on Thursday night.
There is talk of a new K. of P. lodge being in
stituted in this city.
Marion Lodge, No. l, had work in the Hrst
rank on Wednesday night.
Poseyvlle, Posey county. and Whitlock, Mont
gomery county, are thinking very seriously of
instituting K. of P. lodges
Proceedings of the Grand Lodge for the SEES
sions of January. 1873, July. 1874, and January,
1875, are desired by the grand keeper of records
and seal.
Star Lodge, No. Z. instructed one candidate in
the first rank and conferred the amplified third
upon two candidates, on Tuesday night. OIL
GERS were also nominated.
Grand Keeper of Records and Seal Frank p
Bowers, granted his first dispepsaton the past
week for the instituting of Lima Lodge, No. 142,
at Lima Lagrange county.
Frank p Bowers attended the reception given
to Grand Chancellor G. E. Shively, at Cant
bridge City, on Thursday night, and reports
that magnificent time was enjoyed
Capt. Charles j. Many was appointed district
deputy chancellor commander for the English
speaking lodges in this city. and Theodore
Werner for the German lodges by the Grand
Lodge
city of the death of Past Supreme Chancellor s.
S. Davis, at his home in Nashua, N. H., on May
81. He was one of the pioneer Knights of the
country.
The report of the last session OF the Grand
Lodge, which held in this city the first part
of the present month, will be placed in the hands
of the printer the coming week. The work OF
preparing the report has been completed about
sixty days earlier than usual.
Indianapolis Division, No. 2. u. r.. went into
camp at the Exposition grounds Tuesday
where they will remain until their departure for
| Toronto, next month, to take part in the tourna
ment This division is entered in the frst class
and will make strenuous effort to carry off the
grand prize.
| The council from the Spencer Lodge win bt
present at the meeeing of Excelsior Lodge, No.
%, on next Friday evening, June %. TO assist in
comforting the amplified third rank upon several
candidates. and the attendance of all Knights In
| the city Ia earnestly desired DR.. Hcskell and
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20

Capt. j. A. Humphrey, who for twenty years
past has been in the railway postal service, the
last few years running between Indianapolis and
st. Louis, on arriving at the Union Depot yes
terday afternoon was handed letter, notifying
him that his services were no longer needed, and
his pay would be discontinued after to-day. Mr..
Humphrey has an excellent war record. and now
suffers from wounds received in the service
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
SECRET SOCIETY NEWS.
Items of Interest to Members of Fraternities
-Masons. 0dd-Fellows and Pythians.


Masonic.
Marion Lodge, No. 80, F. and A. NJ. will
hold it's stated monthly meeting on Monday
evening.
Practice drills of Raper Commandery viii be
held weekly FROM now until after the triennial
conclave in September at ST. Louis, at which
they will give an exhibition drill.
Thursday, being St Johns Day, will be duly
celebrated by Masons in various localities
throughout the State. At Cloverdale. Judge
Byron K. Elliott, of this city, will deliver the
address, and at Portland Mills the Masons will
be addressed by Gen. NJ. ID. Manson At Terre
Haute special meeting of Terre Haute Lodge.
No. 49, will be held, at which the newly elected
grand master, Mortimer Nye, of LaPorte, will be
present.
At the meeting of the Imperial Council of the
Mystic Shrine held at Cleveland, last week q
number of Indianapolis members were present
among whom were John A. Holman, John L.
Brush and J. w. Smith. Mr. Brush was elected
Grand High Priest and Prophet. The proceed
ings closed with banquet, at which Mr. Brush
responded to the toast tine Indiana Contin-
gent" The next meeting of the council will oc-
cur in this city.
lis Chapter of Rose Croix, A. and A. S. R. !, held
last Wednesday evening, the following were
elected: Byron K. Elliott, NJ. W. and P. NJ.
Roscoe 0. Hawkins senior warden: George w.
Sloan, junior warden; John G. Blake. orator.
Joseph Staub. treasurer; Cortes f. Holiday,
secretary; Frisby S. Newcomer, hospitaler;
Jacob w. Smith, master of ceremonies; J. Giles
Smith, captain of the guard.
Indiana Consistory. A. and A. S. r.. will meet
on Thursday at o'clock p NJ, and continuing in
the evening, for the purpose of comforting the
consistorial grades, 100 to 800, inclusive, under
the direction Of Joseph w. Smith, commander
in-chief. A constitutional meeting of Adoniram
Grand Lodge of Perfection will also be held on
the same evening, at 7.45 o'clock, when the at
tendance of all resident members is expected, in
accordance with the laws of the order.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20

Mr.. and Mrs. Calvin A. Austin have gone to
their new home at Salem, N. Y. Mrs George
Currens has returned from two weeks visit in
Terre Haute and Indianapolis. Miss Matte
Wiley of Charleston. spent Sunday with Mrs.
A. j. McFall John w. Hanna and wife have
returned from their Ohio trip. Miss Pink
Messer has sailed from Europe. and will arrive
home next week. Mrs d. f. Long. of Indi-
annapolis, spent Sunday with her son, G. G, Rey-
nolds. Mrs. James Stubbns has returned
from Danville, III. Mrs. A. j. Sandborn and
daughter have gone to Canton, d. T. Mrs.
William Page has spent the week with Peoria
friends. Mrs. j. NJ. Kelly is making visit at
Terre Haute. /. Professor Better and wife will
leave for their Kansas home in a lew days.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20

Glendale, O. The Mechanics Cornst Band.
of this place. gave LAWN fetes in Breeding's
grove, on East Main-cross street, Friday night.
The Mt. Auburn Cornet Band was in attend
ance, and pleasant evening was enjoyed by all
present The grounds were beautifully ilumi-
mated with Japanese lanterns. The new base
ball park, on North Walnut street, will be COM
pleted in short time and is claimed to be the
best grounds in southern Indiana.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
Edinburg.

Roscoe Matt has returned home from Bloom
ington, where he has been attending college.
j. d. Fee and wife spent the first of the week in
Indianapolis. guests of H. L. Best and family.
. Chas. Mitchell and wife, of Columbus, spent
last Sunday here, guests of M. A. Mitchell and
wife. Samuel Kyle and wife, Geo. Kyle and
wife and Misses Lille King and Anna Kyle
visited friends in Columbus Wednesday.
Rev. ID. A. Kuhn was in Springfield. O.. this
week. attending the commencement exercises Of
the Wittenberg College Mics Mollie Deming
has returned homo from the female college at
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
Frightened by a Figure In the Sand.

Captain Campbell was notified yesterday oy
two boys that the dead body of a woman was ly-
ing on the bank of Fall creek, north of the city.
He drove up there and found that some children
had made a figure in the sand in the shape of a
woman. The boys had seen 1t from distance
and thought it was a dead body. They were too
much frightened to 60 near.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20

Mrs. Emma Mont. McRae, formerly principal
of the High school of this city, but now of Mari
on, arrived in the city yesterday to spend few
days. the guest of her many friends. Mr.. W.
B. Kline, who, last winter, with his family. re-
moved to San Diego, CAL, has been in the city
during the week, calling upon friends He left
last night for New York city to look after bust
ness interests. ;. The Socialite Club, of this
city, picnicked at Blacks Mills nine miles north
Of this city, on Friday afternoon. A
very pleasant time was had :.
A musicale and social was given at the home of
Mrs. Mary Kirby on Thursday evening. Some
very excellent music was furnished by the best
talent OF the city, and very enjoyable occasion
was the result /. Miss Alta Stifier and Miss
Annie Goddard are visiting friends at Rich
mond where they will remain several days. !.
Miss Carrie McCulloch has been in Chicago, Wis
iting friends. . Mr.. and Mrs. S. u. Huffer iv-
ing short distance north of the city, celebrated
the twentieth anniversary Of their marriage on
Tuesday evening A large number of friends
from this city were in attendance, and pleas
ant time was had.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20

IN no other blood medicine nave the results OF
Scientific inquiry been 50 steadily utilized as in
Ayers SarsaparillA
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
Personal AND SOCIETY GOSSIP.

IAN matters of inter and items Of news whether
a the city or State proper for this department. viii
DO printed if properly auihenticated.l
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
WASH DRESS G00DSI


Our late purchase of styles in Wash Dress Goods
will be displayed tomorrow
Printed Etamne, Zephyr Chambra delicate and beauti
full with embroidery mach Printed Wash Grapes Coored
Wash Grapes in delicate shades Crazy Cloth Alpine Batste
French Batiste, Tourist Suitng Velvet Base Tufted
Gngham and patterns French Sateen Seesuckers
fine and medium quality Lawns in great quantity and
styles
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
Peru.


Mrs. Morgan Harvey is visiting friends and
relatives at Delphi. The following teachers
in our public schools who live at distance left
for their respective homes Friday morning:
Miss Mamie Reece, for Delphi Miss Mamie
Taylor. for Madison; Miss Nellie Ahern, for
Spencer, and Prof Elmer Henry, for Greentown,
Howard county. The organ recital given by
1. L. Forman of Philadelphia, under the aus
pices of the Ladies' Social Union, of the Baptist
Church, Wednesday evening, waspoorly attended,
but richly received by those who were there.
Mrs. Eugene Hall. of Chicago, is visiting at the
residence of III. III. Hall, on East Third street.
Miss Vene McKenna, of Indianapolis, daugh-
ter of John McKenna, former master mechanic
at this city, is visiting friends here The
Presbyterian, Methodist and Baptist Sunday
schools united on Friday and picnicked on Fri
day at Warsaw. A splendid time was bad by
all. About seven hundred scholars attended.
Mrs. b. F. Cavins and daughters left Friday for
Lafayette, to spend six weeks with her parents,
who reside in that city. Miss e S. Edwards,
of Princeton, ILL.,, is visiting her brother, r.. A.
Edwards, on West Fifth street.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
Shelbyville.


Mr.. and Mrs. John Elliott, of West Washing
ton street. entertained Mr.. and Mrs. J. E. Rob-
ertson. of indianapolis, last week. Mr.. Silven
Morris and wife went to Oxford, o.. Monday,
where their daughter. Miss Florence, graduated
on Tuesday evening. Miss JUNE Elliot, who
has been visiting friends in Paris, ILL.,, has re-
turned home. Mrs. FL. L. Byers of West
Broadway, is entertaining Mrs Raglan and
daughter, Miss Fife Rusk and Miss Mollie
Rohrer, of Indianapolis Mrs. Abram Hen
bricks, Mrs. T.. A. Hendricks, Mrs
Victor Hendricks, and Mrs. lockwood, of In
dianapolis. and Mrs. Thomson, of Pittsburg
were among the guests who wers
in attendance at the tea given at the home of
DIR. Day. in honor of the Misses Thomson. of
Pittsburg Mrs. B. S. Sutton. of South Har
rson street, entertained Mrs. Ed Holloway and
son, of Kansas City, Mo-, last weed. Mr.. +.
g. Sheldon, wife and daughter, Miss Marie
have left for Adrian, Mich, to visit Mr.. Shell
don's parents, to be absent some time. Mrs
G.. Fl. Dunn. was the guest of Mrs. j.
G. Perry. Of Indianapolis, last Tuesday. :.
Mr.. win Laws. who has been attend
ing college in Cincinnati, has returned
home Miss Eva Wingate. who has been
teaching in the public schools at Terre Haute
the past winter, has returned to her home. :.
DIR. Bigbev, wife and daughter of Cincinnati,
are the guests of Mr.. g. B. Wingate and family
Miss Laura Cory, of this city, will shortly be
be married to Mr. George w. Stout prominent
wholesale grocer Of Indianapolis.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1886-06-20
Plainheld.


Miss Minnie Wilkin is visiting at Terre Haute
Miss Flora Ellis is visiting her sister, Mrs
j. /. Jewar, at Indianapolis Miss Emma
Schroll, of Decatur H., is the guest of DIR. T. B.
Harlan and wife. Miss Della Osborn is at
tending the commencement Of Franklin College.
Misses Carrie and Annie Green, of Danvile,
were the guests of Miss Emma Hiss last week
Miss Mary Jones, of Indianapolis Wis
tied her parents here last week. !. Misses
Emma and Ella Reeve, of Fairfield, have
been the guests Of Miss Viola Newlin. .
Mrs. A L. Moore, of Charlottesville. is
visiting relatives here. Miss Belle Mills has
gone to Kansas for an extended visit Pro-
fessor White and brother Will will leave for Bel
videre, N. c., where they will spend their vaca-
tion This has been commencement week at
Central Academy Rev. u. G. Brewer, of
Danville, delivered the annual sermon to the
students last Sunday night. On Monday night
Hon. Enoch Hogate, of Danville, lectured to the
students on the American Student" The
grammar school departments Of the
school held their graduating exercises
Wednesday night at Crescent Hall. The mem
bers all acquitted themselves creditably, and at
the close of their exercises were addressed by
Prof j. ID. Nyerwander, of Perryvile, I'll. The
graduates association of the grammar school de-
partment held their annual banquet at Guilford
Hall on Thursday night, where they were ad-
dressed by Prof. T. j. McAvoy. of Indianapolis.
At 10 A. M. on Friday the senior class and as
piring graduates of the teachers course held
their commencement exercises at Crescent Hail.
They were afterward addressed by Miss A.
Kate Huron, of Danville.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1886-07-21
Never Too Old to Learn.

When we first heard that it had been
demonstrated that hogs could be kept
profitably and in good condition during
the winter on clover hay we had our
doubts about the matter. A good many
other d" old folks " shared these doubts
with us, but one of them, j. j. Reed,
considerable older than we are, writes
his experience in regard to making the
experiment to the Canadian Breeder, as
follows:
L" Last fall saw in farm paper that
clover hay was good for hogs. / have
lived to be sixty-eight years old and
never saw foddering hogs advocated
before, nor did ever see farmer, with
his fork full of hay, feeding his hogs
in my life until this winter. l now feed
hay to my hogs every day, with most
pleasing results. l confess am not
too old TO learn yet"
We should think if hogs can be kept
so easily on clover hay, the tendency
would be to make cheap pork in the
near future.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1886-07-21

nurseries for the sale of fruit-trees in
New England. Even in Maine there
was at least one such as early as 1904,
owned by Ephraim Goodale, of Bucks
town, on the Penobscot river, the
fac Simile of one of the catalogues of
which is printed in the report of the
Maine Pathological Society for 1873,
page 10. In this catalogue were offered
fifteen varieties of pears, including
Uvedale's st. German " Pound pear),
"St. Michael" white Doyenne),
"Sweet York" (probably Autumn
BergamoD, " Premative Oittle Mus
cat), Monsieur John" (Messire
Jean), Windsor" Jargonelle !"
(probably English Jargonelle), with
others now unknown by the names
given. Among the apples were " Bells
Early" (Sops of Wine), Maiden's
Blush" Golden Pippin," " Pumpkin
Sweet" Ounce" T." Yellow Geniton !"
(perhaps Rawle's JaneD, and others
not recognizable by the names given.
"Also a few butternut, plumb and
ounce trees" We have no doubt
that President Wilder of the American
Pathological Society could give list of
nurseries in New England covering
more than a century.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1886-07-21
Lady's Slippers.

The various kinds of Cypripedium are
among the most snowy of Orchidaceous
plants in this section, and the beauty of
their blossoms rivals that of some of
their more favored sisters occupying
conspicuous places in the greenhouse.
The Cypripedium acaule, with its large,
purple flower, nodding on the slender
graceful scape, is a veritable floral gem,
and the more common Cypripedium
pubescens, or Indian moccasin flower,
with its golden blossom, so like gi-
gantic Calceolaria, is plant which no
one who loves the wild beauties of the
forest would pass unheeded. The love-
illness of both the preceding species
pales, however, beside that of the
Cypripedium Specialize, or tall lady's
slipper, a denizen of swamps in this
part of the world. There is something
marvellous in the appearance of these
great, white flowers. which have mark
ings on the inner surface, delicate as if
the tiny fecks of color were laid on
with brush held by fairy's hand
The large sepals of these blossoms are
white, or nearly so, which adds greatly
to their beauty. Indeed, when looking
at a cluster from little distance. one
would not find it very difficult to
imagine that the angel of the flowers had
appeared to mortal vision. Vick's Mag
OzjD1
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1886-07-21
The Oldest Nursery in New England.

A New Hampshire correspondent of
the Boston CultiUatOr, seeing it stated
in that paper recently that in 1896 there
was not in all New England a nursery
for the sale of fruit-trees, writes as fol-
lows: Robert Wilson of Londonderry
(now Derry, N. H., had nursery for
the sale of fruit-trees some years pre-
vious to 1926. | am acquainted with
an individual who went from Lowell in
the spring of 1924 to the Wilson nur-
sery and purchased variety of fruit
trees sufficient to stock about three
fourths of an acre of land 1t was also
quite common for people in the vicinity
of Boston, earlier than that period, to
visit the Wilson nursery and to secure
fruit-trees." Benjamin LOSING was
the authority of this paper for the state
ment made.
We may add that there has never
been a year since this century began
that there has not been one or more