davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1886-08-13

The recent decision in favor of the free
dom of the press which has just been made
by the Court of Queens Bench in London is
important. A military newspaper, the
Admiralty and Horse Guards Gazette, has
been publishing series of articles charging
several distinguished personages with a con-
spiracy with the Sir William Armstrong
Arms Manufacturing company by which the
latter was to secure government contracts
for the supply of ordnance. The company
brought libel suit against Captain Armit,
proprietor of the journal in question, and
subsequently petitioned the Court of Queen g
Beuch for an injunction to restrain Captain
Armit from continuing to publish fresh allie
cations of corruption of ordnance officials
pending the result of the action. The court
refused to grant the injunction and the re-
fusal is based upon the ground that the al
legged Hbels come within the class of ''privi-
legged communications" since if the charges
are true it is of the utmost Importance that
the country shall be made aware as speedily
has possible of the knowledge they convey.
The "dodges" of rumsellers where there is
prohibitory law are numerous and ingeni-
GUS. In Portland, Maine, the other day the
police found the outlet of beer pipe in the
cellar Of a shop on Commercial street. The
pipe extended five feet into the ground and
then took slanting direction. The officers
began the task of digging along the pipe and
uncovered it for distance of about thirty
l feet, when it was found to run through the
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1886-08-13
Method of Treatment

Which would be alike satisfactory to my patients
and myself.
Not the work of day, month or year, but
after MANY years of persistent application, have
by actual proof and test fixed and determined a
line of treatment which for positive certainty of
results borders the marvellous and has aptly
heen termed
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1886-08-13

At s2.5OwE OFFER t2-4 Marseilles Quilt.
beautiful pattern and extra quality sold in this
city at $3.50.
At lac PER YARD we offer case Cream
Seersuckers, case Crazy Cloths aud 25 pieces
Figured Etamne. All sold this season at 10
and 1212c.
At Sc PER YARD we offer full line of Seersuck-
er Ginghams sold and worth from 10 to 121ac.
At sc WE OFFER a Nottingham Tidy, all fin
ished by hand, never sold under 10c.
At 90 and 25c WE OFFER Nottingham Sofa
Tides, finished by hand, never sold under 3715
and SOC.
At 65c PER YARD we offer Cream and Beige and
Egyptian Flouncing, 45-inch wide Worth to-
day S715c.
At sc WE OFFER Ladies' Gauze Vest, silk
tipped and bound, pearl buttons. Never sold
under Soc
At 42c WE OFFER Ladies' Balbriggan Vest,
short sleeves, French neck, silk tipped, pearl
buttons, worth zoe.
At Sc WE OFFER Childrens Hose, 5 to S1sc.
Great value and never sold under 30 ceuts.
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1886-08-13
MCINTYRE, MAGUIRE & CO..
THE GREATEST YET!

20
popularity
tomakecus this
values displayed counters unanab in this
Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1886-08-13
UNMISTAKABLE
BARGAINS,

To this end and for this pur-
pose we have just consummated
an immense purchase of
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
INSURANCE SIDE.
GAS IMPROVES ruE RISKS.
and suggestions OF the Wheel
Ing Board of UndsrwrIters-Ho Houses
and Factories should be PIpsd to
Secure sarety-what Not to DO.

AS soon as 1t was known that natural
gas was really to be brought into Wheel
ing and vicinity, the Board Of Underwrit'
ers, an organization composed Of the home
insurance companies and the several for
eign agencies that do q large business here
met and appointed a committee Of Ii
members TO investigate the risk arising
from the use OF natural gas, both in in
dustrial establishments and residences
and to report what rules and regulations
1t would be necessary Tor those using this
wonderful fuel to govern themselves by In
order not to inyalidate their policies.
INSTRUCTIONS TO FILTERS.
This committee made q careful study OIL
the questions assigned to 1t aud reported
to the Board, which deemed 1t only
necessary to issue the following notice to
gas filters in connection with the use Of
natural gas in residences, stores, and
offices:
When natural gas is to be introduced
into dwellings, stores, offices, ETC., the fol-
lowing rules must be observed by the par
ties doing the fitting work;
All pipes must be tested by the gas
company's inspector with mercury col
umn to ton Q0) pounds pressure, from
Gnd OF line where connection is made, to
end OF pipes under CRATES, stoves, etc,
The filter should have his pump on and
see that the pipes are perfectly tight be-
fore sending for the inspector,
The ends Of pipes under CRATES, stoves,
etc, should first 90 capped, so as to allow
tho stop cocks to be tested; then remove
the caps and sec II the cocks allow the gas
TO leak,
In case the mercury drops, test fol
leak, by putting ether In the pump, or
with soap water, will be made,
In no case shall a fire test be used in
dwellings, Offices, stores, etc. No cement
OF any kind shall be used for repairing
faulty tixings or work; nor is the use OF
blind 0aSkelS permissible,
When any attempt TO hide leaks Is made,
the name OF the litter will DO kept on re.
cord at this office and future work done by
him will not be approved without rigid
examination,
In running pipes in buildings, no set
rules can be given, except that pipes must
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

check and dropped Its coarser materials,
evenly assorted and In large quantities,
Around the edges Of the central mass are
q number OF irregular thinner beds, which
often contain Coarser materials, and seldom
have an individual thickness OF over 20
feet. Some ono or other OF these layers
appear to furnish the gas at TGrentum,
Leechburg, MuraysVllle aud Washington,
A rock 80 uniform In thickness and
structure naturally affords a good medium
for the circulation OF fluids, and 1t has q
dip towards the southwest and south, quite
sufficient to sUnsibly. Affect any possible
underground drainage, 1t Is not surprising
that IL Is now full OF water In the neigh
borhood Of Pittsburgh. II appears to have
been traced In maximum thickness from
Butler to MCKeesport, a distance Of about
40 miles and wherever drilled into along
the trend Of best development, presents
very similar characteristics. An average
dip Of 20 feet to the mile III probably ex.
Goods 20 feet In this directory would give
the underground water.bsds in the sand.
stone a fall Of 500 feet in forty mlles-.lOO
feet more fall than the waters OF tho Ohio
river have In travelling about 2,l00 miles,
from Pittsburgh 10 the Gull Of Mexico.
The upper and lower oils in the Gordon
well, az Washington, Washington county,
come, II we judge correctly, the first from
q sandstone lying at the top, the second
from q sandstone lying In the central part
Of the VenAngo.Butler group az represent.
cd Rt Pittsburgh; and II IL quite probable
that other sands belonging 10 tho bottom
Of the group will be found, before the
homogeneous understands are reached,
But, ~ no wells have yet been drilled
deeper In that locality, and tho record Of
this we'll 10 not given With sufficient clear.
moss and detail 10 justify baslnR ConClu.
slOns Upon II, we must await further do.
velopments by deep drilling between
Little Washington aud Pittsburgh, before
the exact horizons In this new field eau be
definitely announced.
To the north aud northwest OF Wash.
ipgLon, a. far as Beaver Falls and Smiths
Ferry, all the developments indicate that
Important changes occur III the attatIgra.
phlCal order aud character Of the rocks
below the mountain sands. This ID part
Of the middle ground between the south.
westerly dipping deposits Of Pennsylyania
aud the B0llheasterly sloping rocks Of
Ohio and II Will be arrange indeed II tho
whole county south oil the Ohio river and
west Of the Monongahsla, should not DO
found 10 bs a region Of considerable iffep.
ulAflty oil structure, requiring close and
patient study Of details and tie drilling Of
many unsuccessful wells 10 uutavol is in.
|trtcAoles,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
ingtou county, a distance in a direct line

ington county, distance in direct line
OF about ll5 miles,
Nov, advancing to Pittsburgh, VIC find
the great saltwater rock" 100 feet, more
or less, in thickness, with its top about
500 feet below the Fsrriferous limestone,
and q representative OF the Thorn creek
gRs.rock from 10 to 800 feet above the salt
water sand, This structure is somewhat
different from that shown in the Boyd
Hill well, but 1t is amply confirmed by
many wells since drilled near Pittsburgh,
and between the city and Thorn creek.
II may bs noticed on Section No, 3, that
all the oil and gas horizons OF WestmOre.
land, Allegheny, Beaver and Washing
ton counties come either in the range OF
the VenRugo.B Butler group or some OF the
sands above 1t, When the proper adjust,
ments are made for the varying thickness
OF intervening strata, some Of the horizons
noted will be found to belong to the
Thorn creek gSs.rock, while the majority
OF them will fall into the Venango.Butler
group, The data required to workou these
adjustments satisfactorily have not yet been
obtained, In fact drIllers do not keep
their records In this portion OF the we'll
with sufficient accuracy for the purpose,
even II there was no disposition to make
matters as cloudy for others as possible,
Large gas wells must stop drilling when
heavy flows are struck, and, consequently,
nothing eau be learned OF the strata
below, and where the rocks are so vari.
able, aud gas is found at different horri-
IONS in them, satisfactory comparison
OF one well with another cannot be made
unless the records have been kept in
minute detail for two or three hundred
feet above the gas sand.
Over thirty-Ave wells have been drilled
In the Mnrrdysvil!e district, and, % all Of
them are large producers, there has been
no necessity for drilling through the sand,
Hence, the sub.stTuCture there Ia still un.
known. The identity OF the gas.sand with
the upper member OF the Venango. Buter
group seems to be confirmed, however, by
lEs position in relation to the CIinoidal
limestone, Mahoning sandstone and Free.
port coal, There is a sandstone about SO
feet abovs its top, which seems TO cores.
pond to the Thorn creek gas rock, and
which here contains some salt water,
One important fact appears to be pretty
clearly established by the wells already
drilled in Pittsburg and vicinity. Where
ever the sand has a thickness OF from SO
to 10 feet, 1t Is always reservoir for salt
or braCkish water. For this purpose 1t is
Constitutionally adapted, being rather
coarse.grsined even-textured sand.bGd
throughout. 1t has the appearance OF
having been deposited as an extensive
sand,bar at the mouth Of some ancient
stream, where the current, ireighted with
q large percentage OF sand, met its first
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
An Industrial Curiosity.

Correspondence Washington Reporter.
A purely manufacturing site, in purely
agricultural State, Ia the anomaly which
strikes one here, with surprises, and makes
one wonder why the boundary makers,
who located tho line between Virginia and
Pennsylvania, did not extend 1t westward
until II swept across the Panhandle, and
gave US this splendid city. Vulcan was
me father Of the Panhandle as well as OF
Western Pennsylvania, and why bis fam.
lily was separated in this cruel fashion Ia a
cCnundrum-easy to ask, but hard TO an.
swer.
1t would delight the soul Of a genuine
Pennsylvania tax assessor To get a chance
1T 'sizlng up" the rolling mills, the blast
furnaces, the nail mills, The glass factories,
the potteries, the machine shops. the
tobacco manufactures, the steel plants,
the tanneries, the lumber mills Vnd boiler
works, which, with numerous other estab.
Ittl me ITS too tedious TO mention, COM
prise Wheeling. That popular gentleman
would return many additional millions
to Lue assessed wealth Of his State, and
would thereby make glad the heart OF
his genial and ever welcome brother, the
collector" The West Virginia genus
has laid his hands but lightly on Wheel.
ing, inaomuCh as his assessment for State.
county, city tand school purposes Ia but
81 05 per 500, while 1t is 1882 In Plttsburp.
Light as this is, 1t is amply sufficient
among other results, 10 maintain a finely
equipped fire, water and police depart.
mOnt, 10 keep the streets we'll paved and
clean and to support a splendid eduCa.
tional system which employs 100 teachers
and furnishes instruction to over 5000 pu.
pills.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

In all cases, when possible, be so placed
that they can be easily inspected; and that
in case Of accident any leaking gas may
escape easily.
Cement wall carefully where service
pipe enters the building, and use large
Pipe for the main that runs through the
cellar. Provide valves 10 shut OF gas from
all risers. In running pipest through llues,
great care is necessary, and lead pipe for
the bends should not DO used.
Do not run pipes between floors or walls
when any other method can DO employed.
Do not place cocks between floors and
ceilings. Do not use any valves which re-
quire packing at the stem, in places where
leaking gas may be dangerous. II pipes
run outside Of walls, provide drip.
Allow plenty Of air Under CRATES, so that
the hearthstono may not get too hot, Set
the back tile In CRATE 80 that the unburnt
gases will DO directed up the chimney,
and not allowed 10 enter the room.
Admitting moro air under tho CRATE, 80
that 1t will peicolato through or between
the hot bats in CRATE, results in a cheerful,
bright Gre from bottom OF CRATE 10 the ton
Of the iiLlings, and also in front.
In fitting up a building, all gas filters
will be required TO furnish the gSs com.
pany, who are 10 supply the fuel, with
statement giving the number Of [res ht.
ted up, and also any additional fires that
may be connected afterwards In the same
building, 80 that complete record may
DO had at this Office. Blank forms for
this purpose will be furnished by the
different companies supplying natural gas.
1t should be borne In mind that leak
oil natural gas Ia not 90 pefCeptlble as OF
artificial gas, on account OF the very slight
odOr arising from 1t; and more care should
be taken In piping q building for lie use.
Filters ahoil1 also remember that acct.
dents and explosions are likely 10 occur
through defects In fittings and pipes and
as the introduction Of natural gas iB a
benefit 10 the filters, tue community at
large, and 10 the Insurance companies, the
filters should do all In their power 10
make tho use Of natural gas ~ Bai0 90 pos.
slble and they can materially aid In this
by endeAvorlng 10 put In pipes and fittings
Id a perfect manner,
H0useholders are expected to sec that
the gas.nlteE they employ conforms strict.
" To- these rules, II being 90 much 10 his
Interest that this Ia done as 10 the interest
OF the Insurance company, more 30 In
fact, for The householder, InleaI the aug.
Vestions printed above arc carefully car.
fled out, Is liable 10 DO damaged by fire
or explosion, beyond the power Of an In.
BntanCe company 10 repair,
After The lttlngs are completed II be
comes the duty ol the oompAnyb In
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

fact that in manufacturing establishments
where the rules OF the Board were carried
out, and no risk will be accepted where
they are not, the risk ia considerably re.
duCed. At tho Central Glass Works, ior
instance, where the system Of pipeNSc
was tested TO 05 pounds where only
10 pound test was required, the danger
from tire or explosion Is very mach re.
duced.
With respect to the use Of the gas in
other than manufactures, Secretary Dob
bins Is Of the opinion that the danger from
flying sparks, hot ashes and the other dan.
gers arising from the Use Of coal, more than
Offset the alleged danger from natural gas.
There can DO no danger from the use Of
natural gas II q proper care is taken In
lighting and turning down the fuel, fol.
lowing instructions and having the pipe.
age as 1t shoulld be.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
NEAnDY OIL AND GAS FIELD.

Prof. Cnrll'S Interesting ltoviOw-HliAt VIII
Deeper Drilling show?
Prof. John +. Carll has made a prelim.
mary report on the oil aud natural gas re.
glons Of Pennsylvania, from advance
sheets Of which the following interesting
and valuable review Is taken:
Deep drilling southwestotly from Forest
county, extending through Pittsburgh aud
Washington county 10 the We1t Virginia
line, has brought to light no productive
rocks below the VOnahRo'Butler group,
except III one spot In Cranberry toWnlhip,
VOnango county, where large deposit OIL
gas is found In an extension oil one Of the
sands oil the Warren group. Southwest oil
Cranberry (so far a. can be learned, no
favorable indications have been seen In
any Of tho deep wells, alter passing
through the VenAngo.Butler gioup. II d
evident that the gas wells surrounding
Pittsburgh draw from the sands oil this
group and from sands above II, as do also
The oil and gas wells oil Allegheny, Beaver
aud Washington counties.
There iB no new feature, then, 10 DO In.
troduued in carrying forward q study OIL
oil and gas rocks. The developments Of
two years and ten months, during which
time 1900 oil wells and over 100 gas welli
have been drilled, amply confirm the
vlBwa Of stFatigaphiCal order advocated In
former reports, and we now have the
means OF tracing the Venango.BntleI
group quite satisfactorily from Tllioute, IL
Warren county, 10 Warrington In Wash
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
IT'S HEATING POWER,
x,rvRAL GAS vs., COKE AND COAL
,.,,an,s Advantage In Favor of the New
n-nar,uro-worth to the Manufacturer
ya,tly nIoru than Its Co't-compo'I'
ton aud Comparative Power
n, A. FORD, Chemist Edgar Thompson
p' ." " Steel Works.

DO : A. FORD, Gnblulbt EukN AhVu4Pe"A
" Steel Works.
"a much has been claimed for natuTa
,,,. ss regards the superiority Of It's heat
mo nroperties as compared with coal thai
so@s analyses OF this gas, together will
calculations showing the comparison be-
,roep It's heating power and that OF coal
NAV be Of interest to your readers.
These calculations are, OF course, theo'
,.,iral in both cases, and itmust not be
imagined that the total amount oil heat In
ton Of coal or in 1000 cubic feet OF gas
can ever be fully utilized,
In making these calculations, ! employ
Ias basis what in my estimation was
nsoi an average chemical composition, as
/ have found that gas from the same well
rs,isa continually In its composition
Tnns samples OF gas from the same well
Inn taken on different days, vary in nitro.
can from % percent to nil, CaIbonIc acid
lam . percent to nil, oxygen from ! per
cant to 4 percent, and 30 with oil the
component gases ,,,, II,
mower Of a 900 cubic feet Of this gas
vii note a few analyses, The first ioul
are Of cas- from the same well, samples tn
ken on the same day that they were ana
i,l4d. The last two are from two differ
rnt wells In the East Liberty district.
/ gl3o give a few analyses OF Siement
nrojucer gas. The Immense heating
mower Of the natural gas over the Siemenl
NAV he seen at a glance when compared
bulk for bulk;
NATURAL Gas.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
wllhoul a CompetItOr.
AH,ican Aanntdclmrr,

"'t'o'lN Manufacturer,
, a great deal hAs been written to show
That other fuels can be produced and used
economically In competition with natural
Bs' The question Of tho relative cost oil
natural gas and producer gas will depend,
aMmongolher things,upon the locality where
s sney are to DO used, lts relation 10 the
sources Of supply Of tho natural gAs, and
The coal out Of which 10 make The producer
M 90 well "a the cost oil the coal laid down
w lGe producer. When oil Of these are
considered, we think II will he difficult to
snow That at q fair price for natural gas ID
Nllcalltyl TO which Asouhd judgment would
uclsle that u DO pipel, coal gas can bB
produced and supplied al a ratio that
would enable II to compete with natural
SaS, There arc localities 10 which The
natural gas could not DO plped and sold In
VO'npetlIioh with producer gal, The dis.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

speCtor to test them, as provided in the
second regulation given above. This done,
and d certificate to that effect having
been furnished the householder by the
inspector, on filing 1t with the Board Of
Underwriters, he ia furnished with q GER
hhCate which Ia attached 10 and made q
part OF his policy. The same rule applies
to warehouses, offices and stores.
CONDITIONS FOR MANUFACTURERS,
For manufacturing establishments, the
Board prepared special memorandum Of
conditions, which are as follows:
Eral-That when gas Ia to be intro
duCed into any premises q tank governor
or regulator shall be placed as remote as
possible from building, by which the
pressure shall be- reduced to not exceed.
ing two pounds, ...
second-A safety valve shall be placed
between the governor or regulator and
buildings, which will blow of when the
pressure exceeds two pounds.
Third-A mercury gauge must be placed
inside OF buildings which will indicate the
exact pressure in the pipes,
Fourth-All pipes leading from the reg.
ulstor and into the mills shall be OF "a
large diameter Us possible, and all pipes
on entering a building shall be elevated
and carried overhead, and above all fur.
naces and boilers.
Fiith-All pipes, valves and fittings
shall be carefully inspected and tested,
when the work is completed, by the in
spsCtor OF the company furnishing the
gas, who shall issue u certificate that the
equipment is in accordance with the above
regulations. The Secretary Of the Board Of
Underwriters on receipt Of the Inspectors
certificate will issue a permit for the use Of
natural gas, for which he shall charge a
fee OF one dollar,
Certificates must be furnished by the
inspector for the Board OF Underwriters,
and lie in turn Issues his permit and the
certificate to be- made q part OF the policy,
1t Ia necessary that the assured warrant
that the pressure in the pipes within the
building shall not exceed two pounds to
the square inch, Any changes or altera.
tons made in any part Of the equipment
Of pipes will isvalidate policy unless the
written consent Of the Board is obtained,
The Board has provided itself with q
complete set OF books in which will bs
kept q systematic record Of all natural gas
risks,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14


II our coal costs US 81 20 per ton Of 1000
10, then the 6l.A ID. cost 81 cents and
1000 cubic feet Of gas Is worth for liz heat
units 81 cents.
AS the price Of coal increases or de.
creasesthe value Of gas will naturally vary
in like proportions.
Thus with the price Of coal al 81 so per
ton, this gas will DO worth o $40 cents Der
1000 cubic feet.
lijl,4 ID. Of coal Is equal to 1000 cubic
leet Of gas, then ton Of coal is equal Ia
BIGl cubic feet.
In those calculations Of tho heating
power Of gas and coal no account is, oil
course, taken Of the loss Of heat by radia.
Ton, etc. My object has been to compare
these two fuels merely as regards theil
actual yalue In heat units.
In collecting samples OF this gas have
noted some very lnletetting deposits from
Tie wells. Thus, in ono well the pipo wa
nearly filled up with soft grayish white
material, which proved on testing to be
chloride oil calcium. In another we'll
soon after the gas vein had been struck
crystals Of carbonate Of ammonia were
ihfown out, and upon testing the gas
lound acongidVrsble amount olthNt Rlkali
aud with this well no chloride Of calcium
vas observed until about two months altei
We BaB had bepn struck.