davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

We understand several cases of dipI
liberia have appeared in the Coulee.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

TT. Bywatet, eaf Camden Point, Me-,
son of E.E Bysater, of Sand Coulee, &C
~aompanied hy his wife, arrived here
Tuesday.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01
Heard From Again.

VIC. Conrad writes that the Northern
Pacific directors will decide on May 90,
whether they will build the Benton branch
or net.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

The frame OF Ed. Canary's tw~o-story
building next to the TRIBUNE office,
which is to be occupied by Nathan, the
-*clother, is MP.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

T. W Murphy has leased the Great
Falls livery and feed stable of VIM. Wa
dner, and is now in Helena purchasing a
complete livery outfit
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Mckay Bros. started their brick yard
this week, and expect to make half a
1niiiaoa hEia aEE during the season.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01
Tie Roster.

There are Ill c~onvicts in the Penitentiary 81
Deer Lodge and ITO inmates of the Asylum ;I
Warm Springs.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01
UP,

One hsy tlly 2 years old, branded ~ii.s.a half,
inverted h. o. figure Aon 1sft shouldan: $50 on.
sor.el n~tallior4, 2 EsaEsseIA no brand visible.
FRANK OaILVII
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

r. is stated that A. B. Hamilton of
Jhoteau, will enter the campaign ring
-.nextEsii for the sheriffalty.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Tourists.

We hare information that a large party
Of Helenaites will shortly make a trip
to Great Falls, via. the river.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

A lumber raft for Hotter Bros, arrived
from the upper river this week.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

P. Fl. Hughes is making numerous
substantial Improvements on his property
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

A twenty foot addition is being made to
the Mckay building On the Park.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Central Ave. between the Park and
= Third street, has been graded and other
wise Improved. -
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Paris Gibson & Sons flock of thorough
bred buck sheep, are on the road between
here and Helena.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

We had q light fall Of the beautiful
Saturday night.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

j The baHk fhuilding is now practically
completed, .aad she institution will be
ready to transact business in a few DAYS.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Warner says he will shortly make ar
engagements st as to make two trips q
week.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01
For Sale.

A saloon outfit. For particulars apply
at this office.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Coy, Hauser Is reported as saying that Mon
tana affairs are attracting q good deal of atten-
ton 10 mornentary circles throughout the east.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

A full crew of Workmen commenced on
the walls of Murphy, Aaclay & Cos.
building Monday morning.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

DR.. Earnest Crutcher, of Choteau, was
in town this week looking after his in
terests in a land contest.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Robt. Vaughn was down from his ranch
one day this week.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Work upon every Improvement in the
town is being pushed forward with
vigor.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01
SPRAY OF PIE FALLS.

AN. Dickerman of st. Paul arrive ed
here Tuesday.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01

Salem Brown was up from Benton one
day this week.
Great Falls tribune. [volume] (Great Falls, Mont.) 1885-1890, 1886-05-01
For Rent and Sale.

/ have aome desirable property in the sity for
rent, also ontaide property for sale.
PHILGl8soN, Real Estate Agent.
tt Great Falls, Mont.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

Robert Wood, II district attorney
left for the east on Thursday, being
summoned by telegraph to the bedside
Of a very sick sister in Iowa.
Thomas Cain from P~crryville stopped
at Custer to rest a little from a painful
ride from, the Sam mine. Mr.. Cain is
afflicted with rheumatism and is on his
way TO Hot Springs. We have seen in
the last year or two so many cured by
bathing and drinking those waters that
We will bet 40 big apples hat Mr. Cain
will be able to return to his work in two
weeks IA we'll nan
VIM. Wilkinson and j. McDermot,
two old time practical miners paid Gus
ter a visit with an eve to business.
They are looking for mines, and that
means they will stay awhile. No man
coming to Custer looking for mines OF
any description ever goes away saying
he cant find them.
Mrs. Walter Owens and two children
from Chadron arrived in Custer on the
4th where she was met by her husband,
Mr.. Walter Owens from Stanum. They
will hereafter reside in Custer.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

An amusing incident occurred at
Booth & Webster store last evening.
Mr.. Booth, commander Of the Grand
Army Post, who is also ex-oficio recruit
ing officer. and ever on the alert for new
recruits, was sitting on the counter
when the bugle call sounded the assem-
bly,, a lank specimen Of the genus homo,
whose general make up gave sufficient
evidence Of Southern origin, sprang to
his feet and approaching Mr.. b. asked
what that bugle call meant. Mr.. b.
stated that it was the signal for the as
sembling of the Grand Army Post.
Well, said the brawny brave, many a
time have | heard that familiar sound.
What, saws Mr.. B. have you been a sol
der, was you in the army, then why
not give me your application for mem
bership in u post Certainly | will,
said the ex-soldier, l was all through
the war, and | am proud Of it, and you
can't get me there too soon, Of course |
will join you. Mr.. Booth was radiant
with delight at the prospect of an &C
QUESTION of a veteran, and asked him
what regiment he belonged to. The
would be candidate replied / served
four years in the 9th Tennessee, and a
truer soldier never fred a musket in the
cause of jeff Davis and the Southern
Confederacy. Mr.. Booths inclination
to answer the call Of the bugle was SO
strong as to cause any further delay
wholly N of the question, and he left
the anxious applicant to commune with
his thoughts. evidently expecting an
early call at the &. A. p. headquarters
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

We received a friendly call from j. P.
Foran, one of Clusters hard working
miners and skillful prospectors. He
has been engaged for some time doing
the assessment on the Mayfower mine
situated at Camp Washington, about
four miles west Of Custer. He is driv-
ing a tunnel which taps the vein at a
depth Of 90 feet. He has already run
through IL feet of ore that will yield
about IS per ton in gold by the free
milling process, and when it is consid-
cred that the vein is a large one, and
the facilities for mining and milling are
excellent, it marks the Mayiower
groupe of mines among the best, and
points to that camp as a of the future
gold producers Of the Southern Hills.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Dry Placer Mining Around Custer.

Although winter which was SO long
deferred has come at last, freezing up
the streams and Causing a stoppaee to
some extent among our placer miners,
yet not so much so as might at first be
thought. For we have here a rather
singular country, and when the streams
are frozen and no sluicing can be done,
the boys take to the dry diggings, where
they sink a pit to bedrock, and drift
on the pay streak, and hoist the pay dirt
only that lies on the bedrock. This
they pile up, and when the spring comes
1t is hauled to the creek and put through
the sluice. In this way a great many
miners make fair wages right through
the winter. This character Of diggings
is i~nexhaustible in the vicinity of Gus
ter, SO that no man who desires to work
need be out Of employment. For al
though some of these mines are far
ri cher than others, yet, we believe, that
all those who have made this class OF
mining a business, have made more
than average miners wages of 81 per
day. One ofthese miners told us that a
good dry placer bar of this character
was better han a farm, as it cost moth
| ing 10 fix up, eats nothing, requires no
care, is not affected by fire or water, hal
or drought. 1t is something the fros
cannot blight or the grasshoppers devour
and the harvest continues every day il
the year. The most independent set o
fellows we know Of are these same d..
gulchers. They Away have money, ye
we meyer knew a man to get rich at tn,
business and probably never will.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Medallion cigars at Wheeler's,
Singer sewing machines, stationery
and confectionery at p. Z. Graffam's
Restaurant, Buffalo Gap.

During our recent trip to Buffalo Gap
we learned that Mr.. Geo. Boland had
consumated a sale Of his entire addition
TO Buffalo Gap, comprising l60 acres OF
land for a consideration Of So, 900. The
parties purchasing were represented by
Hon. G.. c. Moody. We are not in.
formed how many are embraced in the
syndicate purchasing, but understand
that Supt. Greer of the Homestake mine,
VIM. Selbie, agent for the Northwestern
Stage company at Deadwood, DIR. Diken-
son of Lead City are among the number.
Buffalo Gap is a good point and we have
no doubt the gentlemen will realize we'll
on the investment. Possibly the trans
fer may have some railroad Significance,
we do not know.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Annual w FORK.

Every one who is familiar with mines
or that has lived in a mining camp, will
understand what is mcant by assess
ment or annual work. But to those on
the outside we will explain, by saying
that the government requires from
every man who makes claim to a loca-
ton for mining purposes, that he shall
perform 800 worth of labor per year Oh
the claim, as an earnest that he intends
to develope the property and utilize the
same. And in case he fails TO perform
said labor within the specified time, his
claim becomes forfeit and reverts to the
government as vacant land, and is free
to be relocated by any new comer
This is a good law, and entirely salts
factory, but comes a little hard on the
boys, who are trying to protect two or
three locations which they have proven
to be good, but which are of slow sale,
because there are no capitalists IN the
| country. This we have every reason to
believe will soon pass awav, TO be sue
ceeded by an influx Of people of al
~nationalities. Already the tide is sci.
ting in and we begin to see 'the frs
low wash of waves, where soon shall
roll a human sea-"
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Notice.
NOt'ce.
COUNTY CLERKS OFFICE, CUSTER OAK, J

COUNTY CLERKS OFFICE, CUSTER DAK.,l
Jan. 9 1885.
To the Board Of County commissioners
Custer County, ID. T.
You are hereby summoned to meet in
special session on Thursday, January
l4th next, to reconsider, at the request
of a number Of the largest ia of
the county, your resolution regarding
the assessment for the wear 1855, of the
Sheidley Cattle company.
+. j. V. RUTKowsKI,
County Clerk.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Popcorn bricks at Wheeler's.
Smith & Fitch received a fine line of
mems, youths and boys suits this week.

This Office is in receipt Of an elegant
New Years card, the thoughtful gift oil
the Sioux CITY Printing Co. 1t is an
artistic and life-like portrait Of the thir.
teen famous newspaper men Of this
generation: Murat Halstead, Henry
Watterson, James G.. Bennett, Cbas. A.
Dana, Geo. w. Childs, Whitelaw Read,
A. M. Pulsifer, Victor f. Lawson. Thur
low Weed, 4. b. Haskell, Oswald Often
dorfer, J.. r. Hawley, Joseph Medill.
This groupe represents some Of the most
noted editors of the present generation,
and il any of our friends desire to see
them, a cordial invitation is hereby ex
tended. We are satisfied that one glance
at their homely, care-worn, thought
furrowed, time-wrinckled visages will
be sufficient to deter any ambitious
Young man from ever attempting to gain
fame by following in their footsteps.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Notice Of Final Proof.

LAND OFFICE AT DEADwooD, ID. T., !
November II, 1885. J
Notice is hereby given that the fol,
lowing-named settler has filed notice OF
his intention to make final proof in sup.
port of his claim, and that said proof
will be made before the Judge, or in hi,
absence, the clerk Of the district court
for Pennington county, ID. T., at Rapid
City. ID. T., on January 5, 1886, Viz
James Gorton,
DecIaratOry Statement. NJ. 2:J2.
for the SE quarter of NE quarter, lot |,
section g., SW quarter Of NV quarter,
NV quarter of SW quarter, sect on 3
township 3 south, range s east, b. II. NJ.
He names the following witnesses to
proove his continuous residence upon,
and cultivation of, said land. viz: John
f. Reddick, A. =. Way, Charles Ter
willeger, Levi Anderson, all Of Strater
P~ostoiice, ID. r,
j. p. LUSE, Register.
First publication, November %.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Stereoscopic views at Wheeler's.
Custer Fire and Hose Co.

Regular meeting Of the company was
held January 4, 1886, Foreman Stone
presiding.
Minutes of previous meeting read and
approved.
William Barnhardt was elected to
membership.
Secretary was instructed to obtain
lowest quotations for cash purchase of
material required by the company.
Fred Hiede oricm was reinstated to
full membership by payment Of dues
and fines amounting to $500.
Bill Of Fred Heideprim $l.75 for work
and material furnished Feb. 3, 1885, al
lowed and paid.
On motion, the fines assessed against
McKirahan, Fitch and Henault for non
attendance at meetings, RENTED. Salts
factory reason being given for absence.
Roll called and meeting adjourned.
A.. I. FEAY, Asst. Sec'y.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
That mixed candy has come, Wheeler
Furnishing goods, boots and shoes al
Smith & Fitch's.

Hon. Barney Caulfeld is in receipt OF
q letter from Colonel Lamont, convey
ing to Professor Molitor the thanks of
President Cleveland for the tin brick
recently forwarded for a paper weight
attachment to the executive table.
Colonel Lamont beges to assure the pro-
fessor that the gift is highly priced, and
excites much observation-disclosures
Times.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Buffalo GAP.

We made a trip to Buffalo Gap, partly
on business and partly to witness the
improvements and changes that had
transpired since Our last visit, which
was TO celebrate the advent Of the Iron
horse and the driving Of the tin spike.
This was Ave weeks ago, and although
the crowd Of people we witnessed on
the ground at that time, and the lively
bidding on lots presaged a lively immi.
grafton and inflow into the town, not
only from the east coming in by railroad,
but hundreds from the Hills towns. Not
a town or camp in the Hills but what
has furnished its quota to swell the tide
by which Buffalo Gap is filled. And the
result has indeed been wonderful, tran
scending anything of the kind we have
witnessed in thirty years Of life on the
plains and mountains west Of the Mis-
souri, river. A friend of ours counted
the houses on the day we were there.
and assured us that outside Of the
dwelling houses there were 100 business
establishments, and when we come TO
consider that all this has been brought
about in the short space Of five weeks,
we are free to say that, although We
have seen the rise and progress of most
all Of the phenomenal cities Of rapid
growth west of the Missouri river, yet
nothing o approach in rapidity of build
building the first five weeks of Buffalo
Gap.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

The Sam mine paid off November
bills on the first and issued time checks
for December pay, which is not due until
January Goth, general pay day. We are
informed that the company have order
ed the shaft sunk 60 feet where it Ii
proposed to start the next level when
the mill will again be started up. Our
informant could not learn the where
abouts of Supt. Parker.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

The Rapid City Republican has
written up and published an extensive
and interesting description Of the re-
sources Of the Black Hills. In doing
this it has shown a commendable spirit
of enterprise and deserves credit.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Notice of Dissolution.
TERRITORY OF DAKOTA,

TERRITORY OF DAKOTA,
County of Custer, "
Notice Is hereby given that the CO.
partnership heretofore existing under
the firm name and style of burst d Co.,
in the county of Custer and Territory
of Dakota, and operating in the lumber
business in said county and territory, is
hereby dissolved by mntnal consent.
JOHN p. BURST.
HOWARD ID. burst.
Dated this 10th day of October, A. ID.
1885.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

Taxes for 1885 are due and the list is
now in my hands for collection. They
are delinquent February LIST, 1886, and
must be paid before that time in order
to save penalty and interest.
HENRY III. TAMLYN,
Treasurer.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Figs, dates, apples etc. at Wheeler's.

Examine Cochran's price list of gr"-
ceries. j. G. guarantees to the public
that he will keep nothing but first quail
ty of goods. Motto, small profits, quick
sale.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
CUSTER CHRONICLE


.Deadwood and Custer leaves Custer Monday.
Wednesday and Friday mornings, at 8 a. M
and arrives Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays
at 3 d. IN.
Custer and Hot Springs leaves Custer Monday,
Wednesday and Friday at 3 q. M: arrives Tues
day, Thursday and Saturday at p. m.
Custer and Rapid leaves Custer daily at 2 a. m.
Arrives at Custer daily Mt 8 p. m.
All mails close thirty minutes before depar.ufe.
Re, istry and Money order window closes ut 8
o'clock p. m.
Office open on Sunday until IL O'Clock. noon.
II. A.. ALBIEN p. N,
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

When Baby was sick, We gave her CAsToRIA
When she was a Child, she cried for CAsroRIA
When she became Miss. she c,ung to CASTORIA
When she had Children, she gave them CAST'A
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

When you visit Buffalo Cap be sure
and call at P. E. Grafam's Restauran:
and get 4 good, square meal.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

A. r En-. M.

Custer City lodge, No. 6s, A. r. h A. NJ, meets
IN Masonic hall In regular communication on
the first and third Wednesdays Of each month.
D. w. FLICK, w. NJ.
9. NJ. BOOTH, Sec.
T.. q. q. n.
Fidelity Lodge Of I. o. @. r. meets at the
Court. House at 7:3O p. m. Saturday evenings.
y, q. CARR, w. c. T. G. 4. BoYDEN, W., s.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
China ware at Wheeler's.

The Farmers Daughter is a cook
stove, the best stove made. 1t is ssld at
]. Cochran's.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Oil Paintings at Wheeler's.

If you want a good overcoat give
Smith & Fitch a call.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
COBgrcgaf fOnaI Church

Rev. w, d.. j. Stevenson. Divine scrv.
fee every Sunday ut IL a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Sun.
day school at 10 a. m. An address every Wed
nesday night at 7;3O to which all are earnestly
invited.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Tafy candy at Wheeler's.

Ifyou want a good partner get the
Farmers Daughter.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09
Churches.
Methodist Church.

Rev. Fl. A. James. Pastor Services In the NJ
= Church every Sunday Mt IL o'clock a. m, and
7:30 O'Clock p. IN. All are cordially invited.
Sabbath School at 10 o'clock a. n.
HOT SPRINGS
Sabbath School at 10 a. m. each Sabbath
Preaching each third Sabbath by
H.. A. James. Pastor I'm charge.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

Fresh oysters in any style at P. f.
Graffam's Restaurant, Buffalo Gap.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1886-01-09

For heavy and shelf hardware, stoves,
tin, copper, steel and iron ware, 90 to
Cochran's, cheapest house in the HILLS.
St. Paul daily globe., 1886-08-25

street druggist. and Berg is Third street
jeweler. There are now four Scandi-
navians on the list of delegates. and
it is hoped by the Republicans that
this representation will'satisfy thatelement,
the fact that j. E. Osborn's
demand was for six delegates, with pos
sible eight. No steps were taken to heal
the wounded feelings of the Schetfer ele-
ment. 1t is the general impression that
Scheffer has absolutely refused tosbe paci
fled, and will go into the fight with his
forces flying anti-McGill banners. He gives
it out in a
COLD, CHILLY WAY
that he thinks he has been shabbiiy treated,
and if he can find any way in which to get
quiet revenge he will do so. Ii they eau
house the Scandinayians. the McGill crowd
feel quite independent of the German ele-
ment, which may prove disastrous to them.
''This action on the part OF the head
pushers is nothing less than confession that
they have made a serious mistake, said
prominent Republican yesterday, "and the
more they try to patch up the wound, the
worse Off they get and the better pleased will
Gilman be-" Continuing in this strain he
said: mo matter which man is nominated
now. he will have hard fight to win and the
Democrats can scoop the prize if they put up
the right man, and they can do 1t easily too.
If McGill is nominated, the Scandinavians and
Germans will split on him and Gilman will
not work for him but will turn his influence
against him to get even for the way in which
an advantage was taken of him in the calling
Of the primaries. If Gilman Is nominated the
Germans will go against him, and thousands
of his party will cast their ballots for the
Democratic nominee rather than to see him
elected. Gilman is very unpopular among
the people throughout the state, especially in
his own district, and he would be the easiest
man of the two to defeat"