davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
Manual Training for Every Child.

Superintendent MacAlister writes that
the conviction obtains among the mem
bers of the board of education of Phila-
delphia, and is, in his opinion, growing
in the public mind generally, that every
child should receive manual training;
that a complete education implies the
training of the mind, and that this
feature must ultimately be incorporated
into the public education. He concludes:
II feel encouraged to go forward with
the work. The great principles which
underlie the system are with me intense
convictions, and they mean nothing less
than a revolution in education. The new
system is the realization of the dream of
every great thinker and reformer in edu-
cation, from CQmenius, Locke and Rous-
seau to Postalozzi, Froebel and Spencer.
NV conviction and action in connection
with this movement are based upon
what, in my judgment, should constitute
an education designed to prepare a
human being for the social conditions of
to-day, and not merely for the industrial
demands of our time. And this must be
realized in the public schools, or they
will fail In accomplishing the ends for
which they were instituted and are
maintained. "-Harper's Magazine.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29

There is something in the nature of a
covenant with the animals that do our
work and supply our tables and cover
our limbs. 1t is not only that they die
for US; they have ever lived for us, and
but for us they would never have been.
Nor is it consistent with civilized ideas
to parade the unchanged exterior of the
animals we are obliged to use. We
clothe our extremities with skins, but so
changed as never to suggest the sleek or
agile forms they once covered. We
fleece sheep for our clothes, but nothing
is less like flock of sheep than a crowd
of men. The cowhide, telling its own
tale, has long disappeared from even the
trunk shop and has become a curiosity
on a railway platform.
Well, but how about ladies' muffs and
sealsl1in jackets? Civilization must con-
fess to them and leave the fair sex to
speak for itself. No doubt the lions skin
became Hercules, and the custom has
long since assimilated to our taste the
most outlandish creatures gracefully dis
posed over fair form. But there is NO
needless parade, or at least, so little that
we do not notice it. 1t is not so with
the assumption of plumage. The poor
bird is exhibited as whole as possible.
Head, wings and tail are all shown as
faithfully and fully as those of the
hawk nailed to barn door. But the
most foolish fashion can always exceed
itself, and, bad as a thing may be, there
is worse.-London Times.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
Religious Belief of the Aztecs.

The Aztecs believed there were thIes
places assigned as abodes for departed
spirits Women who died in childbirth
and soldiers who persisted in battle or
captivity went to the House of the Sun, :"
where they enjoyed endless delight.
AT morning they hailed the luminary
with music and dancing, attended him
in his journey to the meridian, where
they met the spirits of women, and with
similar festivities accompanied him to
setting.~ After years of these pleasures
their spirits were transformed into clouds
or birds of beautiful plumage and pleas
ant song, but had always power to
ascend at will to Heaven-the House of
the Sun. The notion of aristocracy was
carried to the other world; for while
kings and mobiles animated gorgeous
birds and dazzling clouds, and hoated
through the purest atmosphere, the souls
of common people were doomed to crawl
eternally in weasels, beetles and the
meaner animals.
The spirits of those who were drowned,
or struck by lightning, or who died of
wounds, dropsy and similar diseases,
with the souls of children who had been
sacrificed to Tlaloe, the god of waters,
went to a delightful place, called Tlalo-
can, where that god resided, surrounded
by everything which could contribute to
immortal happiness. The third place of
departed souls was Mietlan, or hell, a
kingdom of total darkness, ruled by an
evil god and goddess, where their only
punishment was the gloomy blackness Of
the realm, cheered by never ray from
sun or moon nor the glimmer of a star.
The ancients located this hell in the
center of the earth, and it may have
oeen but type of total annihilation---
Fannie B. Ward in Philadelphia Record.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
Borax Field ON the Pacific Coast.

Teel's marsh, in Nevada, is the most
productive borax field on the Pacific
coast. Its deposits cover ten square
miles of surface, and it is said to include
chemically pure common salt, borax in
three forms. sulphate of soda, and carbo-
nate of soda. The basin of Nevada, in
which it is situated, is covered in many
parts with dry, effiorescent salts, washed
in course of ages from the soda feldspar
of the volcanic rocks and ridges Of yellow
lava which cover the country for miles.
The waters of the lakes are heavy, APP
pear like thin oil, smell like soap, possess
great defensive qualities, are caustic as
potash, and easily saponify. Chicago
Times.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
Enioyment of Apt similItudos.

There is nothing the mind enjoys,
after all, like getting an idea, and get.
ting it quick-which is only giving in
nutshell the gist Of Herbert Spencer's adj
mirable essay on style" A friend was
telling me the other day that he had a
new cook. lie said (he il a small man,
Il am afraid of her. She is as big as
bonded warehouse" / ss.w in the paper
lately that somebody expressed himself
as being "dry as a covered bridge" And
how can we declare the fineness of any
thing so well as by saying it is "fine as a
fiddler"
The ALTERATION, no doubt, helps, but
it does not count for very much. You
could not substitute fish, or feather, or
fife, or hamingo. though each is fine
after fashion. Nothing will serve but
fiddle" with its preternatural shine Of
vanish, its perky angles and curves
pointed like a saucy nose-with perhaps
but this is venturing into deep psyche
logical water) a suggestion subcomcious
of the jaunty fiddler with his airs and
graces. dressed as if just out OF band
box. Lively as a flea" seems good and
lively, but an old sea captain Of mine
used to say, "he flew around like flea in
a hot skillet" Like a humble bee i'm a
bass drum" describes the activity of a
different sort of temperament.-The At
lantic.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
The Creole Ladies of New Orleans.

The creoles give to New Orleans much
of its most charming and polished so
ciety; its fetes, carnivals, and far-famed
winter gayeties. They must be seen and
known to be properly understood. But
a few years since and comparatively few
had much knowledge of English. With
q very large proportion to-day, even, but
little of it is heard among themselves.
The most of this little, again, is with the
young folks. The latter talk it fluently
enough, though the foreign accent is gen
orally discernable With the older ones,
more particularly in "Frenchtown," that
portion below Canal street, is still we'll
nigh unknown. They may perhaps I'm.
derstand it after a fashion. They rarely
affect to talk it. They prefer, generally,
that the young folks should act as inter
prefers. The latter here, again, are by
no means confined to French and Eng
Ish.
Perhaps nowhere else is there to bi
heard such a diversity of languages. Onc
here in Il French, or rather creole, board
ing-house, for instance, may not infre
quently hear, at the table, the daughter
of the landlady, or madame" carrying
on a conversation in French, English
Spanish, and Italian with those of the
different nationalities at the same time
The thing il so common as hardly to bt
classed in the line of accomplishments
New Orleans Cor. Cleveland Plaindeaier
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
Cat,catures of American Speech

A celebrated English reader once
asked me to go and hear him read, as he
wanted to hear the candid opinion of an
American on his methods of initiating
the American vernacular at his public
entertainments. 1 have some experienced
of the manner in which the people of
this planet receive candid opinions, and
so 1 candidly refused and candidly gave
gave my reasons for refusing. This
made him the more persistent and SO at
last l weakly consented.
spent an hour and half of agony.
After it was over told him with the
candidness he had desired that his Amer
can limitations were by all odds the most
villainous, libelous caricatures of Ameri-
can speech that it had ever been my evil
fortune to listen to. He said, quite
good-naturedly, that he had long sus-
pected it, but that he did not intend to
change the style, as the people of Eng
land expected that sort of thing, and of
course he merely supplied a public de-
mand.-Cor. Detroit Free Press.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
cooperative Establishments in France.

COOPERATIVE Establishments in France.
Paris has seventy-four cooperative
establishments, with 5000 members
printers being the most largely rep
resented-and furniture makers, builders,
carpenters and jewellers also having their
cooperative concerns, Their combined
capital is a little over So, 900, goo, but
this, as well as their number, can not
make much of an impression in great
center of industry like Paris. The most
successful of them are managed by men
of shrewdness, ON strict business princi-
pies, and not as philanthropic schemes,
and they employ outside labor, getting
the full Amount of work or wages with
out giving these recruits any participa-
ion in the profits.
There are only thirty-nine CO operative
stores in Paris, with 10000 members,
and IN all France not over $50, as against
the 1900 and more in England. Never
theless, the system of participation in the
profits is a favorite panacea in France,
and it is proposed that in Paris and else
where all public contracts should be
awarded cnly to those employers who
are willing to adopt this as part of their
method of dealing with their workmen.
The greatest of the French insurance
companies and the largest French print
ing establishment have tried it for many
years, with fair success; but the employees
in both cases are very different from
those employed in ordinary work, shift
ing and changing as work and wages
vary.-San Francisco Chronicle.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29

We have a right-handed writing to be
written, with centrifugal motion, in one
direction, across the page from left to
right, writing which taxes the weak
muscles of the hands, and which takes
four or five times as long as is necessary
for the representation of word, as is
shown by stenographers, who write as
fast as person caIa speak. In view of
the increase of writer's cramp due to the
extraordinary amount of writing to be
done by bookkeepers, book-writers,
teachers, and savants, it was suggested
that new method of writing should be
intelligently discussed and one inaugur-
ated that should be less elaborate, less
taxing upon the small and weak muscles
Of the hand; handwriting in which the
letters can be formed as in photography,
disconnected, not requiring such precise
and complicated motions to make them
legible, and which can be written from
above downward, from right to left or
left to right. as one may choose.-Detroit
Free Press.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
ADVERTISING RATES

Ualismanic word OF much repute among
"broncho busters" Streaks finds that
bucking is no use and he suddenly reArs
and falls over backward, driving the horn
of the saddle into the ground. He looks
around to enjoy the sight of Tex's life
less body, but Tex is standing by his
head with the coil OF the macarte, which
had been caught under his belt, fast in
his left hand. When Streaks frds his
feet again Tex is on his back, and the
pony makes bolt of it. A rb Tor two
tells ON him, and Tex manae erk his
head around 50 that he heads Cor home
again. When the pony is SO exlialHted
that he is comparatively submissive he Is
"broke horse" He will be harder to
ride the second time when he Is bitted
than the first, but by the time he has
been mounted half a dozen times he.will
be quite tractable. Then he has TO be
taught to "savvy cows" and must learn
to dodge, stop and whirl around like q
cat.-San Francisco Chronicle.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29

Nominally there is now one-third Of
an inch in length and one-tNvelfth of an
inch in width between contiguous sizes
of shoes. Thus: In women's shoes tho
width . is supposed 20 be 1-12th of an
broader than the width A. O is liz
inch wider than b, and so on, + being
usually the extreme width Of women's
shoes in general use.
But the constituencies Of a portion of
the fair sex on the subject of wide feet
has induced many manufacturers To
label their wide goods EE. This width
is really 1-12 broader than T.. Upon the
notion Of getting close fit, also, many
ladies' have got into the habit of calling
for G and IL, or ID and 1-2. If such
,xactness of measurement were obtaina-
DE it would signify that Gig was 1874
inch wider than G.. But as a matter OF
fact, no manufacturer splits his sizes as
fine as that.
Lengths of shoes are almost as much
demoralized as widths. The beginning
Of the scale in lengths Of shoes is
child's 0, which should be just four
inches in length, and each additional
size should add one-third Of an inch. A
childs 0 being four inches in length,
child's 9 would consequently be five
inches long, and 10 would be six and
one-third inches in length The numbers
then begin at 1 again, which is six and
two-thir1s inches long. A mans 8 should
be nine inches long
But it has become so customary TO
abridge half a size, that when manu-
facturer receives orders for mems shoes
6s TO los, or women's 3s 10 rs, he knows
very well that his customer expects lbs
TO lbs III one case and 2 1-2 TO @ 1-2s in
the other.-Eoston Commercial Bulletin.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
cold TO ne FOUND IN the ocean.

In recent lecture delivered by the
Rev. r. a. Cross of Denver, Col, he
said: Scientists tell US that the water
of the ocean contains gold at the rate Of
one grain, or about 4 cents worth, to
every ton. At this rate 1000 cubic feet
Of ocean water contains about 81 worth
of gold. If the ocean has an average
depth of one mile Though it is probably
greater), it contains enough gold TO fur
nish $15,0O0,000 to every man, woman
and child in all the world, or more than
800, 100000 to every family of seven.
At this rate, if figures do not lie, cubic
raile of ocean water contains about
S14O,OOO,OOO worth Of gold.-Boston
TrangcriDt
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
HOW to Address the President.

The title of the president is simply
"The President" and when one addresses
him, the proper form is "Mr. President, !"
and not "Your Excellency." Mrs. Wash
ington always spoke of Gen. Washing
ton as "the president, and to have called
him General" or Mr." would have been
in bad taste. An invitation from the
president is equal to a command. 1t
supersedes all other invitations, whether
accepted or not, and demands an imme-
date reply in writing to the president.
The form of address to be used is 1.-THE
President: Sir" And the president in
answering never uses "Yours truly" or
your obedient servant" but simply
signs his name.-Harper's Bazaar.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
rhousnnds wlth NothInr 70 nn.

It's interesting and instructive TO watch
the currents of thought as they crop out
in various directions. / sometimes think
that if the philanthropic ideas that hatch
ia Boston and eastern Massachusetts
coitisl-soshipped, as we ship wares and
cases of books, to all parts of the land
they would be seed corn for the millen-
MUM on this continent. But ideas pro-
pagate mainly by contact with living
men and women.
Here in Boston there are uncounted
thousands who are dying Of ennui be
cause they have nothing to do; that is,
they have no real life errand, and so no
spontaniety, freshness, vitality--no call
ing that is satisfying TO an immortal
nature. A cataclysm that should dis
tribute them over the continent, landin.-
them safely in new fields of enterprise,
would give them opportunity TO
root and grow and come to fruitage. As
the sequel to Nothing to Wear" some
one should give poem entitled "Noth-
ing TO Do" Is not the theme ample for
an epic Cor Christian Union.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29

1t was only very recently that we wer'
surprised with some of the good things
that abound near Lake Apopka. Mr.
Perkins and his good wife and theil
nabors sent the sick boy a good dea
more than he can eat just now, for those
Were fat, healthy chickens and orange:
and tangerines that had not been frozen
and cabbages as large as a half bushel
and the buds of the palmetto cabbage &
foot long and a foot round, which is re
garded by the natives as the finest vege-
table dish in the world. 1t looks like
ivory, pure ivory, and tastes like green
chestnuts and when cooked is a delight
full mixture of green corn and oysters
When picked it is better than cauli
flower, and the only reason why it is no
upon the tables of the rich is because you
have to cut down tree to get it.-Bil
Apps Florida Letter.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
nIemi.bes which Mar Our sool,s

Recent book-malzing has developed
many innovations in taste that are ques-
tionable. One of these is the unpunctu-
ated title-page. The latest English and
American publications now display title
pages guiltless of punctuation of any
sort, save that which is incidental to
authorizations. There is no justification
whatever for this, more than there would
be for continuation of this state of af
fairs all the way through the book. A
common blemish of English books is the
lack of dates indicating the year IN
which the book was published. This
fashion has only obtained within the last
twenty or thirty years. The reason
given is that booksellers do not wish pur
chashers to know the age of the books
they buy. Luckily in this country books
can not be copyrighted unless they are
dated. 1t is absolutely impossible to
learn without writing to the publishers
what year certain English magazines rep
resent. the month and the volume being
alone indicated.
Another fault is the omission of the
folio upon which new article begins.
This is done to save underlying" Cata-
loguers find many such obstacles in Eng
fish books and magazines. Another snag
they strike is the English habit of using
a mans title or office instead of his given
name, as Principal Sharp, Canon Farrar,
Prebendary Reynolds, etc. Until recently
few English magazines attached the
names of authors to the articles, and this
has been the cause of no end of mystery
and confusion. Harper's Magazine did the
same Until about ten years ago. Authors
Of historical books often write the chap
Gers full of references to months and
days, but to discover the year one has to
read sometimes a good share of the book.
These are but a few of the blemishes
which keep our books from mechanical
and artistic perfection.-Cor. Chicago
News
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
ouriosities of an Antiseptic Climate

One of the most curious results of my
observations is that the climate OF
Damaraland possesses what we might
call an antiseptic character for several
months of each year. The quality is an
attendant of the long annual drought.
Every living thing suffers during that
period from the excessive heat, and
much comfort is impossible, even in the
shade, while in places exposed to the
warm winds the thermometer has risen
to 1913 degrees; and the sand, unmoistened
for six months, becomes so hot that /
have seen eggs hardened in it. This
arid heat is opposed to the propagation
of ferment, for it dries up everything
that is exposed to the wind before it has
time to sour. No manifestation of tuber-
culosis are known.
Wounds of every kind heal remarkably
quickly and well, without enough sup
Duration taking place to make the BAN
dages stick. The manner in which large,
neglected wounds heal themselves would
form an interesting study for a profess
sional surgeon. 1 observed case of a
Herero whose right lower arm had been
shattered in battle by a musket=bal-
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
A Naturalized Chinaman's opinion.

Cinnamon are no good-that is, the
Cinnamon you have in this country.
would sooner trust a Yankee every time.
The only good Cinnamon in the United
States are in Jail, and while they are
there YOU can be sure of their goodness;
only then. o. yes, am Chinaman,
and love my country, but I am also
naturalized American citizen. Do be-
ieve in the Bible oath? Yes. My re-
igion consists in a belief in Supreme
Being. and 1 am firmly convinced that If
1 do right L shall go to Heaven. The
Christian religion has no influence on the
Monaghan. BE goes to Sunday school
for amusement more than anything else,
and he never can or will be thoroughly
good until he is dead and buried.-Wong
Chin Foo in Clobe-Democrat.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29

That word crank" with its modern
birth and forcefulness, is sometimes useC
with too great freedom and loses its origi
nal meaning, which attached it only t.
monomaniacs or people of unbalanced
minds. Every reformer is called ;
crank by those who misuse the word
every individual who sees beyond thu
line of vision which contents his neigh
Dor, is so designated; every specialist
or profound thinker ON any particular
subject, or any person who gives utter
ance to a fanciful expression or origina
thought, is set down at once as a crank
by persons who do not discriminate
between individual power and menta
weakness. Tanlatt Woods il
Boston Globe.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
r1,e proflI. OF Rose-Farming.

In this time of agricultural depression
it is gratifying to know rose-farming is
akin to a silver mine-if silver currency
be in "boom." At Kezanlik, a Guilt
vator entered a railway carriage with
two small boxes in his hands. The con-
tents represented his harvest transactions
for the year. Good goods are wrapped
up in small parcels. The boxes con-
tanned essence of roses, value for 100000
francs. The rose-trees require as much
care as do vines, and only produce at the
end of five to ten years. The leaf-pick-
ing lasts from twenty-five to forty days.
To obtain one-sixth of an ounce of es-
sence thirty pounds of leaves are re-
ouired and an ounce of essence fetches
Is francs.-Paris Cor. Chicago Journal.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29

cone to-day" remarks wise man,
"is worth two to-morrows." On, Is IT,
then? You go into the market with to-
dav and see how many to-morrows you
can get for it. You can't get one. Not
a solitary one; you can't even get to-mor-
row morning for it. But if you have a
tomorrow that you want to put on the
market you might get whole week OF
+o-davs for it. The only man who
xvouldu't offer to-day for it is the man
who is going to be hanged tomorrow
and has consequently very little use for
it. VIVA. he wants to trade for Is about
two months of yesterdays and a couple
&c weeks before last.-Burdate
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1886-04-29
SracauIay and the Doll Question.

Dining at Holland house one day, Ma
caulay quite wore out his hostess pa
tience by giving the most exact informa-
ton on all sorts of interesting subjects.
until Lady Holland asked him with de-
rision and view to puzzling him: spray,
Macaulay, what was the origin Of doll?
When were dolls first mentioned in his
tory?" AS if dolls were his favorite
topic and had been his chief study, Ma
caulay grappled with the question,
quoted Latin writers, and, remarks Gre
vile, "if he had been allowed to proceed,
would have told the name of the first
baby that ever handled a doll. "-Ex-
change.