davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
CORRUPTION IN MIssOuRI.

"Get money, my son, get money,
honestly II you can, but-get money"
Such was the advice of a thoughtful
father to his son on the sons entrance
into business life, and an unsccounta-
BILE number OF sons since his day have
followed his fAtherly advice, and are
following 1t now. To get rich is the
grand aim CT society generally today,
and Mammon is the great god that
rules over us. The municipal authori-
ties Of st, Louis, faithful in their ser
Sice to the reiRning god, have been
following the Mammon devotion Of
the New York Aldermen, and the Mis-.
souri, Legislature have not been be-
hind them in bringing forth fruit
suited to the god who is so ar
IDENTIFY served. Rival gas CON-
panies and rival city and sub
urban railroads have been bribing,
and State legislators and city Alder
men have taken the brides without
scruple. The st. Louis Republican Of
Monday contains details OF the whole.
sale corruption that has been going on,
that are sickeDing in their revelations
OF depravity. The bribing corpora.
tions first used their money in secur-
ing the election of scoundrels willing
to act as their tools. That done, the
business OF bribing individual legisla-
tors aud municipal city authorities OF
st. Louis went on actively; went on,
says the Republican, with a noncha-
1ence aud an openness, which, by &C m.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
THE DEAD mONsrROsIrY,

The Ways and Means Committee
made quick work Of Randall's poor,
little tariff bantling. The life OF the
poor thing was as tleetiug as the snow
fake on the river, for it died in bornin'.
AT the burial OF his progeny Randall
did not even feel the emotion OF the
husband who, on seeing the coffin
OF his wife lowered into the
grave, sadly said to himself;
"Pve lost cows and dogs and
Iackin' horses, but l never bad any
thing to hurt me Sc" for this Unnatural
father helped to strangle the mon
strosity, which he knew would not
live. An analysis Of the bill shows
that INSTEAD OF reducing the tariff Inn
ports 81 100000, as alleged, IL actually,
as calculated on the basis
Of last years imports, increases
the import duties, $5,0O0,O0O. These
are the figures of Representative Nc
Millin, a member OF the Ways and
Means Committee. Mr.. Randall is a
success in preventing the promised
tariff reform, but a failure in getting
up tariff of his own. lie has been
eminently successful in securing the
applause of the Republicans, but q
failure in relieving the burdens OF an
oppressed people groaning under the
robber protective system for more than
twenty years. MIR. Randall's whole
power and Influence in the present
House have been exerted to p'rpetu
ate the war taxes which the Demo
cratic platform denounc,s. He has
firmly SGT his face against any bill fol-
tie reduction OF the tariff. Mr.. Nor
rison's bill was not and should not be
made a test of Democratic orthodoxy or
the tariff question. But the Democrat
who psrsis'ently votes to prevent any
reduction of taxation or revision O.
the tariff whatever, as promised in the
Democratic platform, is traitor to hi
party.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
CABLEGRAMS.

PARIS, July 7.-Cardinal Guibert,
Archbishop Of Paris, is seriously i'll.
CoNsTANrINoPLR, July THE Porte,
on account of the Bulgarian complics-
tons, has stopped disbandiDg the
troops.
LONDON, July THE British Cham
Der of Commerce have agreed to favor
the naturalization of all submarine
telegraphiC cables.
LONDON, July Mr.. Flower gave a
brilliant entertainment last evening at
neutrality-suspicious. in honor OF DR..
Oliver Wendell Holmes.
PARIS, July THE Marchard Bros.
oil factory, at puuquerque, has been
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
THE TwO.THIRDs RULE.

II is understood that an effort will be
made in the approaching Democratic
County Convention to substitute the
majority rule for the two-,hirds rule.
This innovation is proposed by the
friends of the aspirsDtI who are can
guine OF a majority in the conven-
ton, bat doubt their ability to secure
d two-ihirds vote. New departures
are dangerous, and any innovation on
the established ussges OF tho party
alwa1s furnish q convenient excuse
for tho who desire pretext for
boliug. For forty years the two
thirds rule has been scrupulously Oh
served by the Democratic party. 1t
has been faithfully adhered to by our
national conventions since 1874.
The wisdom OF the rule has
been illustrated in the nomina-
ton and election of such mon
as Polk, Pierce, Buchanan AID Cleve'
land. All the State, district and
county conventions Of any kind in
volving political issues held in Ten
nessee during the past forty years
have adopted the two thirds rule. ~
has been uniformly observed in Shell
by county, as the files OF the newspa-
pers will show. 1t is traditonsry
rule with the Democratic party, hon
ored and respected on account Of fre-
quent use and the good it has done
A deliberatlve body Is the cole judge
OF It's own rules, and we trust the APP
preaching County Convention will
follow the example OF all former nom.
mating conventions and observe a
rule which In the last three
conventions secured the nomination
OF men who led the party to victory.
Bad nominations are sometimes
made under the majority rule, but
the two.thirds rule is hulwark be-
tween the people and incompetent
men, who by INSCRIPTIONS methods
manage to secure q majority vote.
The aspirant who cannot secure two
thirds vote OF his party shows that
there are insuperable objections to
his nomination. The man who is in
dorsed by a two-thirds vote goes
before the people with prestige
which bare majority vote never in
spires.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
GRENADA. MISS.
A Red Hot Fight Over the PrOhibi
billion Question.
ESPECIAL TO THE APPEAL. |

GRENADA, MISS, July Tomorrow
will decide whether whisky will be
sold in Grenada county or not for the
next two years. The town and courty
has been at white heat for the last
ten days aud over and about the most
exciting cam aign that has ever taken
place here. No doubt large majority
OF the whites favor Prohibition, while
a majority of the colored seem 10 be in
favor of whisky. Red hot work will
be done tomorrow and everything
promises to be exciting, About 100 OF
the best ladies composing the Wom-
ems Christian Temperance Union
marched from store to sore this even
ing, headed by 7. Broaue, Circuit
Judge, soliciting votes, which created
a considerable hulter. Several speeches
are being made daily over the county
by both sides.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
Shot From Ambush.

LOUISVILLE, KY, July while P.
j. Creger was riding through lonely
woods near Mount Vernon, KY, he
was shot from Ambush and almost in
stautly killed by unknown parties.
Creger had sworn out warrants against
several parties charging them with ku-
kluxing, and it is thought that these
ara the murderers, and that they are
the same parties who whipped the
man Ramsey aud his wife, causing
him to suicide lBst week.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08

Bruut today with the Commissioners
and the case to be submitted to the
general term OF the Supreme Court
was agreed upon and signed. The
question to be determined at law is
whether the new Commissioners are
the legal successors in Office Of the old
Commits sioners. II the question is
decided in the affirmative, then the
defendants are entitled 10 judgment
disrnissing the complaint without
costs, but il in the negative, the re.
lators ere entitled to judgment. All
the parties seem plea,ed with the
present determination OF the cese.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
The PrOhIbItIOnIsIs and Repub-
IiCAnS

BIRMINGHAM, ALA, July about
$50 Pfohibitionists met here in S,ae
Convention yesterday, and after spit
into two factions, one against and the
other 70 the nomination OF State
ticket, the latter named the following
candidates: For Governor, John +.
Tanner, of Limestone; Secretary CT
ate, George l.. Thomas, of Jetierson /;
Treasurer, l.. S. Stevens, Of Elmo re (;
Auditor, l.. f. Within, of Jefferson (;
Attorney General, J. L Cunningham,
of Walker; Superintendent of E1uca-
ton, l.. g. Couson, Of Jackson
The Republican Sta Executive
Committee met here today, aud, ac-
cording to instructions Of the recent
S ate Convention, nominated thu fol-
lowing ticket: Governor, Arthur
Bingham, of Tallsdaga; Secretary OF
State, j. d. Hardy, OF Shelby; Treas
urer, Calvin Goodlue, OF Culbert; Au-
ditor, w. d. Wicker ham, Of Mobile;
Attorney General, Lewis f.. Parsons,
OF Coosa; Chief Justice, d. d. Shelbv,
OF Madison; Associates, George H.
Craig, OF Dallas, and Geo. L. Dustin,
OF Marengo.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
The manchester Cotton Market

MANCHESTER, ESG., July The
Guardian, in its commercial article,
says: Business on Tuesday was not
up to the average. The low exchanges
discourage buyers. Though there is
an increased Eas ern inquiry, there is
no disposition on the part OF prices to
respond. Producers are impressed
with the strength of cotton, and are
striving, but without success, to raise
the value of yarns. The yarn market
is inactive. A moderate business is
done where spinpers will accept pre-
vious p'icss. They are, however, gen
orally asking an advance, which is
rarely obt unable. Manufa ituTers re-
fuse to pay an advance, as they find
the supply offered at previous quota.
tions to be ample. The quotations.,
however, are higher. There is some
demand for ordinary widths of sheet
ing at the lowest prices, but manutsc.
turerS are holding for full rats
Wider sheetings are slightly improved
in price, and fair business is doing
Printing. and other finishing cloths
command full prices.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08

ST. LOUIS, Mo, July fudge Van
Wagner, OF the Criminal Court, today
overruled the motion, made recently
by Maxwell's attorneys, for new
trial. AS toon as the prisoner shall
have been sentenced an appeal will
be taken to the Supreme Court. II
this shall prove unsuccessful, the case
will be taken to the Uni,ed States
Court, on the ground that the State
law which allows the prosecution
more challenges of jurors than the de-
tense is unconstitutional.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
The Fractional whisky Bill,

WASHINGTON, July THE Senate
Committee on Finance will, as soon as
q report on the subject can be pre-
pared, propose several amendments 10
the fractional whisky bill already on
the Senate calendar. This will en-
body substantially the legislation
asked for by the Viticultural Associa.
ton, with The exception cf the pro.
visions relating TO the adulterarion Of
wines. They will confer the privilege
of fortiiying sweet wines with grape
brandy free of tax, OF certifying wines
for export when aong eide the out
going vessel, aud of warehousing for
three years all kinds OF fruit brandies,
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
JACKSON, TENN.
Democrats 10 Nominate u Candidate
for COngress.
ESPECIAL TO THE APPEAL

JACKSON, Tenn, July Tho Demo-
cratic Executive Committee OF the
Eighth Congrss ional District will
meet in this city tomorrow, for the
purpose of ordering Conve Dtion or a
primary to nominate can didate for
Copgre 1t is thought that the COM
mittee will order pr mary TO be held
in each county in the district.
A refreshing rain fell in portion of
this comfy last evening.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
Two peonIn Drowned .

LOUISVILLE, KY, July 7.-Dr. ]. A.
Wheels and a little girl named Ada
Rudolph were rowing on lake across
the river from Paducah, KY, today,
when the girl fell out OF the boat.
Wheels attempted to rescue her and
both were drowned,
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
The New York Excise MIDDLE Set.
tied

NEW York, July The new Elk.
else Commissioners today were given
possession Of the offices in Bond street
by the old board, who evacuated them
in pesceable manner. The old EN-.
ployes turned over the effects of the
department to the new employees, and
this afternoon business was being con-
Quoted as usual. The way in which
the Excise Commissioners quarrel
ended was as follows; The counsel in
the case waited upon Judge Van
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
The Hancocn Memorial.

New York, July THE memorial
of the late Gen, Hancock, which is to
be presented to Mrs Hancock ny the
Common Council was delivered to the
board today. 1t is in the form OF an
album and contains the Mayors mes
sage, and the resolutions of the Board
of Aldermen engrossed on Latin mot
toes, a portrait of the dead general and
other matters, and each page is differ
emit in design In the center top lid
is a solid silver plate eDgro@ed with
the city's coat of arms and a suitable
inscription.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
The PRESIDENTS VETOES
SUSTAINED BY HIS PARTY IN
CONGRESS-.
A Significant Discussion In the House
e. John Ellis and the Mem.
phIs Bridge.
ESPECIAL TO THE APPEAL.I

WASHINGTON, July 7.-The action OF
the Democrats in the House today
concerning the vetoed pension bills
indicated very clearly that the Demo-
cratic patty intends to stand by the
President over his ve,o. The Repub.
leans attempted to pfs3 the bill sent
in yesterday over his veto without
reference to the committee. Nearly
the entire day YVES occupied in fight
ing over the question, the yess and
nays being frequently ca led, and
there was, also, call of the House.
The votes followed party lines each
time, and the effort TO get the bill up
for consideration failed each time,
In the Senate today
SENATOR PLUME
submitted letter from james Kirk
patrick complainingof the Presidents
maligpily" in vetoing his penaion
bill, and asking tha, il be passed over
the veto. This etier wss a bitter az
sault upon the Pre'iieut, and, no mat
ter what merits the bil III gh5 have
had, killed il, for Democrats, Gfler
hearing it read, faid th-y would take
pains 10 sea that KirGpst,ick's bill
thould not pass.
FX-REPREsENTATIvE E. JOHN ELLIS,
Of Louisiana, appeared today before
the Select COMMITTEES of the House
charged with the investigation Of the
alleged abuses of the floor privileges
by ex-members. Mr.. Ellis made an
indignant denial OF the statement
made in the New York World concern
ing his connection with the Memphis
bridge bill. He admitted that he was
an attorney for the Tennessee Con.
struct;on and Contracting Company,
in whose interest an antagonistc bill
had been introduced, and that he had
drawn up the minority report pre-
sented by Mr.. Irion but only after
that member had expressed his oppo.
8 ton to the bill. He maintained tina. he
had not violated the House Iule
unless it should be held that an ex-
member not personally interested in
legislation was not entitled to the
privilege OF the floor.
SENATOR PLUMB
succeeded today in having the Senate
Appropriation Committee increase the
amount for the Mussel Shoals improve-
ment, in the river and harbor bill, to
$350,000. The House named $3.50, COO.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
SIGNED by The President.

WARRINGTON, July THE Presi-
dent has approved the bill to forfeit
the lands granted TO the Atlantic and
Pacific Railroad Company TO aid in
the construction of a railroad and tele-
graph line from the States OF Missouri
and Arkansas to the Pacific coast, and
to restore the same to settlement.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
A wisconsin Hamlet Burned

MILWAUKEE,, Wis, July IA special
to the evening Wisconsin from Spen-
Ger, Wis, says the entire hamlet of
Romeo burned at o'clock this after
noon, including the sswmill, planning
mill, 100000 feet OF lumber, store,
boarding house and dwellings of VIM.
Van Hoosear. Loss, $4,000; insur-
ance, $4,000. The woods are on fire
and further particulars cannot be OBJ
tained
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
Killed by an Officer.

HOLDEN, Mo, July IA young
man named Robinson was shot and
instantly killed by Officer Hessler
yes erday. Robinson bad been ar.
res ed for slight misdemeanor and
was being taken to Jail by the officer
when he broke away and started on a
run down the street. Hsssler called
upon him to halt, at the came time
drawing his revolver and firing. The
ball passed through Robinson's heart;
killing lin instantly. The officer
was arrested.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
Remarkable Surgical Operation

GALVESTON, TEN, July 6.-Today an
ovarian tumor, weighing twelve
pounds, was successfully removed from
the two year old daughter OF Z. H.
Hurst, of Delta county, by Drs. Hook
and Rush. The child for the past six
months had been treated for droPsy,
with no sign of improvement. The
only similar case spoken OF in medical
works is that performed upon child
four years old by Sir Spencer Wells in
London,
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
ChoInrn I'm IInIN.

ROME, July THE cholera returns
today are Ms follows: Venice, new
cases, death Brindisi, 1S9 new cases,
II deaths; Iatano, 20 new cases, 20
deaths; San Vito, 80 new cases, 4
deaths; Fontano, 70 new cases, 81
deaths,
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
BIRMINGHAM, ALA.
Candidates Refuse 10 Run ON the
Prohibition Ticket.
ESPECIAL TO TIM APPEAL.T

BIRMINGHAM, ALA, July 7.-Gen.
George L Thomas, aud the Rev. l.. b
Written, both of this CT y, who were
nominated by the Probibltionists lest
night for Secretary OF State and Au.
ditor respectively, decline to run.
Gen. Thomas says he will never run
against the Democratic nominee so
long as the Republican ticket is in the
field
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
Minpesota Prohibitiouists.

ST. PAUL, MINI, July 1.-THE Pro.
hibltion State Convention met in this
city today and placed full State tick
ct in the fed. ]. Z. Cbilders, of
Wasecs, was nominated for Governor,
and j. Pinkham, OF HeAnepin, for
Lieutenant Governor, both by accla-
mat on. The platform contains moth
ing more than the enumeration of the
principles usually set forth by prohi-
bition conventions, but earnestly APP
proves what has been done in the past
by the party and EXPRESSES hope for
the future.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
snotharatl His Infant

SPRINGFIELD, Mass, July ~. II.
Burns, of Holy oke, accidentally smoth-
cred his five months old child yester-
day by throwing quilt over it when
he entered q dark bedroom for q nap.
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08

LUNDBoRe's perfume, Edenis
LANDLORDS perfume, Alpine Violet
LANDLORDS perfume, Lily of the,
Valley.
LANDLORDS perfume Maraea Mel
Rose,
The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-07-08
SENATOR PLUM

succeeded today in having the Senate
Appropriation Committee increase the
amount for the Mussel Shoals improve-
ment, in the river and barbor bill, to
$3.50, 900. The House named $3.50, coo.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1886-09-07
CITY sHERIFFs SALE.

TTNDER and by virtue of a writ OF execu-
~ culion issuiI & out of the Honorable. the
City Court Il savannah, in favor OF the
AVANNAH MUTUAL LOAN ASSOCIA-
TlOE, plaintiff, ag inst THOMAS WAL
LACE, ON adebt fecured by property bei elm
after desc ibed, J nave le7itd upon the fol-
lowing described properly rs lie properly Of
the saii Thomas allace: All that tract or
parcel ofland, einG the northern half OF lot
number two ~. subdivision Of lot number
five (5) back lot, part OF tie estate OF the late
Levi Sheitall and KIN 1wn as part OF the Tan
Yard tract. said half lot running twenty-five
feet front on West Boundary street aud ruu-
ming pack one hundred and fifty feet, with
the improvements thereon.
And ] viii sell the same at public out
cry btf re lhs Court III use door OF said
county, IN the CITY Of savannah, county
OF chatham aud state ~ Georgia. on the
FIRST TUESDAY IN SEPTEMBER, 1885,
dur n leg a. hours a sale.
Defendant notihs d OF levy. Terms caah.
purchaser payiDg Tor ii les. Property point
ed out by laintirs attorney
DAVID BAILEY,
Sheriff City Court OF Savannah.
SAVANNAH, Ga, Aug. ., 1886.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1886-09-07
Administrators Sale.
DANIEL ENNEDY, Auctioneer.

DANIEL II. KENNEDY, Auctioneer.
BY KENNEDY q MALLETTE.
TUESDAY, Oct. 9th. 1886, in front OF Court
House, during the legal hours Of sale.
Under and by virtue OF an order granted by
tho Honorable Court of Ordinary of Chat
ham county, will sell the following prop
erty to pay debts and distribution:
South half of lot number and lot number
Choctaw ward, with improvements, which
consist OF i've frame houses, situated on the
northwest corner Wllson and Walker streets.
Terms cash. j. h. BROOKS,
Administrator Estate NJ. II. Cullen.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1886-09-07
Eegal tIntirrn.

In the Superior Court of Chatham county,
i June Term, lSs6.-MARGARET SMITH
81 al, Compliments, and FANNIE LOWEN-
THAI ct al. Defendants. In Equity. Bill
for Relief, etc.
II appearing TO the court that MRS. JENNIE
LOEB, one OF the defendants In said case
1oes not side in said Stale OF Georgia. but
IN ,the State OF New York, 10 is. therefore,
ordered that service Of said bill be perfected
upon said defendant, MRS. JENNIE LOEB,
by the publication OF this order once month
for four months before the December Term,
(lsSGJ OF this court in the Savannah Morning
News, newspaper published In said county
OF Chatham.
Granted this July 14th. 1885.
A. p. ADAMS,
Judge S. c., e. J. e., Ga.
J y ~ ~ a .WHArLEY' com'p'nts solicitors.
A true extract from the minutes this Slst
day OF July, A. ID. 1856.
(L,s} JAMES X. T.. CARR
Denuts Clark Is. q. a.. q.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1886-09-07
ADMINISTRATIVE SALE.

@. III. DORsETT, Auctioneer,
Under and by virtue OF an order granted byv
the Honorable Court OF Ordinary of ChatT
ham county, will sell before the Court
House, in the city Of Savannah, during the
usual hours Of sale, on TUESDAY, septemS
Der 9TH, 1885,
Lot No. 30 jackson ward, on Perry street,
next to the corner of Barnard street. Thd
said lot being sixty by ninety feet. more Cd
less, and being subject to an annual ground
rent to the CITY OF savannah of $26 a..
Also, lots "a and IS OF Section ID OF Bonas
venture Cemetery.
Sold as the property of Chas. Il. Wakefield
for the payment OF debis.
MARY WAKEFIELD, Administrators.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1886-09-07
CHATHAM sHERIFPs SALE.


II NDbR and by virtue OF a Fl. IA. issued out
~ Of the Justices Court for tho First dis
trict &. NJ. by NJ. Naughtin, Notary Public
and OK -Oficio Justice OF the Peace. Chatham
county, Ga.. In favor Of FRANK MCDER-
MOTT ys. CELIA GREHAN, and levy hay-
ing been made on certain property herein
after described by Robert II. Bourke, Con-
stable OF Chatham county, ga; said levy in
dorsed on said d IA. and turned over 20 Sheriff
Of Chatham county for advertisement and
sale In terms of law:
Lot and improvements on west half OF lot
letter ar" Middle Oglethorpe ward in the city
OF savannah, containing % feet 2 inches on
Harmon street, "a feet 4 inches in depth on
Poplar street. and Ss feet l0inches IN the rear,
more or less. the property Of the defendant.
And ] will offer the said above described
property Of the defendant for sale at public
outcry, before the Court House door OF Chat
ham county, In the city of Savannah, on the
FIRST TUESDAY IN SEPTEMBER, 1855,
during the legal hours OF sale, TO satisfy said
mortgage II. fa.
Terms cash, purchasers paying FOR titles.
JOHN Il. ROMAN,
A. "a