davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
Bowie.
snonial 20 tho ann0,tn.

Special 20 tho Gazette.
BOWIE, TEX, May lily esterday, after
an exciting chase, Sheriff Mclean of this
county, assisted by Clark Mcdonald, cap.
tured two horse.thieves, one named
Martin The other refused to give any
name. They had rented pasture near
here and had nine head Of horses with
them.
Rain Is badly needed here.
The new roller mill is success, ma
chlnery having been ordered.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

Special 70 The Gazette.
SAN ANTONIO, TEX, May liza rail-
road man named Patton was brought in
ON this mornings Sunset train from the
west and taken to Mrs. Henson's board
ing.house lie is suffering from terrible
bruises received in falling off railroad
train while In motion.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
DEKALH
Bold Burglars blow . B'''' I
Boz.

Bold Burglars blow . p''''
Boz
Special 70 tho Gazette. III
DEKALp, Tx. MaF
entered the grocery stOEs
& Co. last night, and siisFi,
drawers Of their sontsnl
proceeded to blow Opsn
which they were ursls X
drilled a hole over Two l1.if
side Of the combination "
powder, which blew s g N
blow the safe open {
explosion attracted ne Y "A
alarm and scared them ~
Of burglar tools ard W
keys were found hid ny: ~,
the building. The iool
were traced some dls TX h
being made 10 captqies
10 the firm IL aooas y "a.
damage to safe. 4 is '..,l
been offered for theh ~
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

oerrespondenee Of the aazetto.

UcrTeBpOndence OF the Gh2ette.
KEMP, Tx, May l0.--Farmers are
well up with their work, and their pros
poets for another crop are exceedingly
good.
Kemp is surrounded by an intelligent
class Of law -abiding citizens.
We have two excellent schools here,
taught by Prof. McDougall and Rev. Mr..
Burrow.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
wills Point.
wills IOl
speolal TO the Gazettn.

Special to the Gazette
Wills POINT TEX, May Messrs.
llamm & Irving to-day completed the de-
livery of ZIG cattle TO A. p. Samples Of
Helena, M. r. The cattle will 90 to Har-
rold by rail, thence up the trail to Mon
taua.
Mrs, Col Geo. r. Afford of Dallas, in
company with Miss Lille Afford of Aus.
tin, have been visiting the family of Capt.
A. N. Afford. Miss Lille will visit friends
in Fort Worth before going home.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
DUBLIN.
Happy aud Successful May-Day Festival
Mission Day.

Happy and Successful May.Day Festival
Mission Day.
special TO tho Gazette
DUBLIN, Tx, May II Our town yes.
'efday Yves participating in one grand
gaia day recognized as the Sund.y-
schools May day picnic and exercises. all
the merchants closing their stores during
the middle OF tho day SO as TO allow all an
opportunity of witnessing the procession
anu EXERCISES Of browning the NAV
queen The procession started from The
hapust church, headed by the Stephe
vine ana Dublin brass bands, followed by
magnificent chariot In which were seat.
90 the May queen with her twelve
Ialfies and ten attendants, followed
ny the trgdos float, gotten m
~ our enterprlslng druggist, w. r.,
b,aoAshcar after which came the schools
WhIeh agaln We're followed by hupales'
eSen making procession at least a Iuar'
lef OF mile long, which after marching
lhrough the principal streets went Ia the
grounds selected for the day, about ora
niiie from town, whore the exercises ~
browning the May queen, Miss Iucv Ola.
hsn, We're participated In by MISS Bertha
Latlinora MS fairy qreen, assisted 81 her
eleven assistant fairies, Lila and Fav
Mooley, Lucy Ivy, Bessie Hooper. Sehre
ana DE Alva Miller, Pearl Moore. phenis
ioler Gertie Andruss, Lila Maben ana
Aepna May Rlslen, none OF ,yhom yvars !
VNer eight years old They acted their
parts so natural, and All heing
dressed alike, that those who SAW
tnenl say they never Witnessed mnv.
sulng pretter or more ner. |
iec'' The following attendants deserve
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
Montague.
special to the Gazette.

Special to the Gazette.
MONTAGUE, TEX, May ll,--Commis-
sloners' court met yesterday morning
Mr.. Rube Hardy, one OF the commission
ers, resigned, and Mr.. Wyle was APP
pointed IN his place.
Farmers report crops in fine condition,
but beginning TO need rain. The weather
for the pasttwo days has reminded one Of
August, the thermometer standing at l02
in the shade.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

ATHENS, May 1.-THE minister Of the
Interior In the late cabinet, who fayors
SUBMISSION TO the wishes OF the powers.
nas agreed TO form new mlnistry. ne
promises TO disarm the Greek army.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
BeIiviile.
Special to the Gazette.

special 10 tne thzette,
BELLvILLE, TEX, May 1.-THE com
mlssioners' court to-day awarded the
building Of the new courthouse at this
place TO Mr.. Henry Kane of Gonzales,
Tex, for S37, 800. Work is to begin in
thirty days.
Considerable excitement and interest
has been created throughout the country
generally over the prospect of demand
for vote to remove the county seat to
Jacksonville, about eight miles west of
here, but the idea eliminated amicably
to-day, all deciding and conceding that
Bellville ls the proper place.
An opera-house and hotel will also be
built.
The crops throughout the country are
as fine as can be, and an earnest shoulder
Is being put to the wheel
MI 9. II. Brossman, cor ty treasurer,
left to-day Tor Europe.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
scaidsd to Dsalh.

special 20 the Gazette.
WHITEsBoRo, TRx., May ll.--Andrew
McMahau's little child pulled pot OF hot
water over on it, and was scalded TO
death, yesterday morning Its mother
tried 10 catch the child while crawling to-
ward the pot Of water but reached it too
late.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

Special 10 the Gazette.
BIG SPRINGS, Tx, May ll.-Ex-Sec-
rotary Of the Treasury Window passed
east to-day from the City OF Mexico
bound 70 ST. Louis.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

tention to business has well-nefited and
won the confidence Of tho people here.
lie was fortunate in winning the prize Of
one Of weatherford's most esteemed
Young ladiee.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
STATE NEWS.
iDoipgs and happenings Of the Day
occurrences for Veal
4 or Woe.
Gatherings from over the state Reported
Specially for the 0azstte BY its
Own Correspondents.
Ladonin.

Special to the Gazette.
LADoSA, Ten. May II Wheat crops
are suffering for rain, and unless 1t comes
soon the crops in this vicinity Will be
almost a failure.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

special TO the Gazette.
BIC SPRINGS, TEX, May ll.--A verdict
Of not guilty was rendered to-day in the
trial Of Eric Thomas, for the killing Of
J. B. Puller at this place, on the night Of
May 8.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

teotlvc scene, ana tnu .losrs,rA lias,s1a.
~ their aesthetic costumes will complete
charming stage picture This opera
WIS d haploY selection. The llbretto Ia In
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
Palestine.


PALESTINE, TEX, May liza few
months ago when Rams Latham, colored,
shot and wounded Conductor Turner in
this city, brother OF Rams testified be-
fore the magistrate that he (Rans) was
some distance from the place of shooting
at the time 1t occurred. How near he
came proving an alibi may be Judged
from the fact that to-day the Jury found
a verdict against him in the district court
Tor perjury and assessed his punishment
at nine years in the penitentiary, HIS
name is Frank Latham. lie is about
seventeen years Of age.
The strikers who remained out at this
place and failed to get their places back
are seeking employment in various ways
and places, They seem to have aban-
doned the hope that they will ever again
be employed by the railroad company.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

fresh arrivals; also ear-tips and Miller's
patent fish cord 1y-nets, at Tackabery's.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

Gentlemen Will please tss '
aud see our fine custom-Ilsat !.
reduced from SS5, and 'is
sold by merchant tallors :. Y
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

The most skilled gun srd X
to@n at A. Stert's gan sos]
street.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

Can at Taokabery's
for Miller's patent fish cord ny.nets ear
tips and lap-dusters.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

The Fort Worth Grocer Co. have new
safe they will soil cheap on the install.
ment plan.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

Five hundred pretty bird cages a, prices
never before heard OF, at Coleman 4 90 r.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

mock turtle, ox-ail, oka and gumbo, at
". II, Houlkor's.
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

rIbo,. V'sats, m
to Suolce !. cigsrs ss.',. 's
street. ''si''s X, K
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

-. Louis 4. V"'s'iile .,
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

was very great
grsil home, whcrs
; yIsge, which u viii Y 4
i iidssu Inc ,1PE resIdsss. ' 4,
'''eory is that Ia 4. 4
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

s sy uslns Bass' chi ss',s's
f'' sale oy all drus ldss9 IA
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12
Ear.rips

knrsfips
iiy.nets -
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

We have Just received ! car q butcn. \
Fort Worth daily gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) 1882-1891, 1886-05-12

conn, tAs only nsaro ,arrssled Aere q
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14
CLERK AND MASTERS
SALE OF LAND.

In the Chancery Court at Jone sboro.
Washington County, Tennessee.
Il. A. SIMPLIFY, Executor of M. S. Ma.
HONEY, decd, VS.. GEORGE McPHERsoN
Il AL.
Pursuant to a decree of the court rem.
dered at lis November term 1885. in said
cause, | will on Monday the 9Th day of
February 1886, sell at public outcry IA
the highest bidder at the court house
door in Jonesboro, the tract of land men
toned and described in the ~pleadings
and said decree and ordered to be 3 ii
situated in the 18th civil district of said
county, near the town of Jonesboro, ad.
Joining the property of d. J. Gibson and
Others. and containing about 71-1G acres.
being the same property on which the
said George Mcpherson aud wife now
reside, to satisfy complainant's recovery
OF sl3S5.24 mortgage debt, with in
terest thereon from November 24th,l SS5
and the costs of said cause.
Said property will be sold for cash in
hand, the defendants Mcpherson and
wife to have twelve months from date of
sale and no longer time in which to re>
deem the int This the 18th day of
January, 1886.
A. b. BOWMAN. C. & NJ.
By W F. You've, D. &. & NJ.
jan14t3
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14
THE SOUTH ~ASTONYSHED.
A Lower Temperature Than Had Beer
Known for Twenty Years Past.

A Lower Temperature Than Had Been
Known for Twenty Years Past.
NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 9.-The record of
the Signal Office here last night, which
was 19i degrees above zero, is the lowest
that has been known in Louisiana for
twenty years. The cold is much greater
in Texas. AT Galveston the continuous
Northwest wind has driven the water ont
through the channel, exposing the oyster
beds and shells on the bank for miles
along Galveston Bay. The small lakes
down the island are frozen three to five
inches, which is something unprecedent-
ed in that vicinity, An oysterman, nam
ed Thomas Jefferson, attempted to cross
the bay last night in spite of the biting
Northerly wind, and was found lying on
the deck Of his sloop this morning frozen
to death. A negro boy was found below
deck frozen fast to the wet bottom of the
boat. He was alive, but stuck fast. The
rescuer knocked the boy loose with a
plank, and he was thawed out and sur
wives.
The cold wave extends over a vast area
of Texas and will result in immense dam.
age to stocks of all kinds. AT Laredo, on
the Rio Grande, the temperature was
eight degrees below freezing point. At
Palestine the mercury touched zero. 1t
is the coolest weather experienced in for
ty years. The water-works street plugs
are all frozen and cracked. At Orange,
on the Louisiana line, the thermometer
was 120 above zero, and at Corpus Christi
the mercury fell go in twelve hours. The
oldest inhabitants say they never exper-
fenced such a blizzard. Many of these
points report that the cattle are suffering
intensely from the cold. The herds drift
ed simlessly about for hours seeking
shelter, and many of them persisted.
AT Macon, Ca, the blizzard lasted
twenty four hours, during which the mer-
curry went down to IL degrees above zero.
At Savannah there was a light fall of
snow, the first in six years.
The coolest weather prevails at Mont
gomery. Ala, ever known, thesrecord be-
ing . above zero. AT Chattanooga II was
3 above.
AT Jacksonville, Fla. the highest range
OF the thermometer is 41o. Fears are en-.
tertained for the orange crop, not half of
which is gathered. Heavy SHOWS have
fallen in North Georgia, and the rivers
are running high.
ALABAMA COTTON KILLED.
MOBILE, Jan. 9.-The cold destroy ed
the largest cotton crop ever known.
Plants out and under cover were killed.
The loss will aggregate three-quartcrs of
q million dollars.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14
Newspaper Defamation,

The President ought TO be cautioned
by his friends against recklessness in
correspondence. In correcting a mis-.
statement made by a Western journal re.
specting Joseph Keppler ht so far forgets
the dignity of his high office as to make
some sweeping accusations against the
American press. Il don't think" he
remarks, THAT there ever was a time
when newspaper lying was so general
and so mean as at present, and there new.
err was a country under the sun where it
fourished as it does in this. The false.
hoods daily spread before the people in
our newspapers, While they are proofs of
the mental ingenuity of those engaged in
newspaper work, are insults to the Amer.
lean love for decency and fair play of
which we boast" This is a severe in.
dictment to be framed at the height Of
the holiday season when peace and good.
will abound and charity reigns in an ir-
ritable and backbiting world.
As the Presidents generally credited
with sincerity and good intentions, it is
evident that his acrid structures upon the
American press are designed to serve
some useful purpose. We take it that
his criticisms arerneant largely for the
benefit of the Democratic press which
aided in electing him in a campaign of
reckless and malevolent defamation I'M
PARALLEL in the political annals of the
country. His opponent was attacked
month after month as no statesman in
American public life had ever been as
sailed before. Mr., Blaine's c%orrespon-
dence was monstreusly perverted, his
private business transactions were ran
sacked with maligL purpose and the
sanctity of his home wantonly invaded.
From beginning tesnd it was a campaign
of malignant defamation on the part Of
the Democratic press. Apparently the
Presidents retrospect of the methods by
which his eleGGtiis2 .K9ssecnred is not al
st9i pt--se "a est. ILL., =
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14

the signal Office here. The signal Office
reports colder weather this morning than
st Philadelphia or New York,
MOBILE, ALA, Jan. 1.-THE coolest
weather ever known here, has prevailed
since last Friday night. Nearly all day
yesterday the mercury stood at 25 degrees
above zero and this morning it registered
- above.
CHARLESTON, S. c., Jan, 11.-This is
one of the hardest freezes ever known in
South Carolina, The mercury in the upper
part of the State marks from zero to s
below.
JACKSONVILLE, FLA, Jan. 12.-Last
night was the coolest of all. Thermome,
ter at the signal Office recorded fifteen and
three-tenths above zero. The temperature
fell to Is at Fernandina on Sunday, to 20
at st. Augustine and is expected to have
fallen to IL as far south as Tampa on the
gulf coast. The damage done is less than
would be expected from such q freeze.
Oranges remaining on trees are frozen
and lemon trees in northern Florida are
probably killed to the surface of the
ground, but beyond losing their leaves it
is not believed that the orange trees are
injured even in the northern part of the
State.
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn, Jan. i2.-The
extreme cold of the past three days is the
most extraordinary spell of winter wealth
er ever experienced in this section. Yes
terday morning it was seven degrees
below zero at the signal office and nine
below at other points in the State. Last
night at 10 o'clock it stood at zero and
falling. Previous to this spell the coolest
ever recorded here was one degree below
zero. Suffering throughout this section is
intense. Railroad traffic is virtually sus.
pended. No freight trains have been run.
ming on the Virginia and Georgia and
Cincinnati Southern for three days, and
passenger trains are entirely out of regu-
lation. No mail has arrived from the East
in this section of the country for forty.
eight hours until yeste day, when four
belated passenger trains arrived from
Cincinnati two having been out forty
eight hours. The blockade of freight is
causing \ coal famine and prospects are
very gloomy. Three of the largest indus.
tries are already closed for want of coal,
and unless a supply arrives to-day the sit.
uation will be alarming. The suffering
among the poor throughout this section
is very great. Over 500 distressed cases
were relieved by associated charities yes.
terday. Fully 5000 hands are out of EN-.
ployment on account of the recent cold
weather.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14
WEST AND
More Than Fifty Below Zero Reached.
Business Practically Paralyzed.

w. ~ DCioW L0EO ItaCnSus
Business Practically Paralyzed.
CHICAGO, Jan. 9.-The lowest point re-
corded by the Signal Service this morning
was at Minnedosa, Manitoba, where the
thermometer registered 500 below zero.
Winnipeg quoted 440 below, and in this
city this morning at 6 o'clock the mark
was 100 above. Omaha reported 23O be-
low and clear weather, and the figures
were precisely the same at Des Moines.
No winter storm has been so general
throughout Nebraska as that which is
now prevailing. No trains have run in
Nebraska since early yesterday morning,
and no efforts have been made to clear
the tracks, because of the impossibility of
men working in the extreme cold and the
fact that the drifting snow would fill up
any cuts made.
At Des Moines it was $50 below zero
this morning and the railroads were in a
worse condition than yesterday. Most of
the lines have stopped operations until
milder weather. At Cleveland there has
been twenty.four hours of storm, and at
Burlington, La, the mercury has touched
24' below. The storm was terribly de.
structive il Iowa, the sleet sweeping
down poles and wires from Northern Iowa
to Southern Kansas, and the telegraph
service is just being restored. There are
signs of the railway companies being able
to relieve their snow-bound trains in cen
trail Iowa.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14
ST. NICHOLAS

An illustrated monthly periodical fol
boys and girls, appearing on the 25th Of
each month. Edited by Mary Mape.
Dodge. Price, 20 cents a number, O,
50 co. year, IN advance. Booksellers
ncwsdealers, poStmasters, and the pub,
fishers take subscriptions, winch should
begin with the November number, The
fist of the volume.
ST. NICHOLAS aims both ia satisfy and
TO develop the tastes of its constituency:
ana Its record for the past twelve wears,
during which il has always stood, as il
stands to-day, at the head of periodicals
Tor boys and girls, is a sufficient warran,
Tor lis excellence during the coming sea,
son. The editors announce the follow.
ing as among the
LEADING FEATURES FOR 1ss5-ss
A Serial Story by Frances Hodpsop
Burnett. The first long story she has
written fer children.
A Christmas Story by W d. Howells.
with humorous pictures by his little
daughter.
George Washington" by Horace E.
Scudder. A novel and attractive Histori.
cal serial.
Short Stories for Girls by Louisa II.
AlcoiI: The first-'The Candy Country
in November.
New bits OF talk for Young Folks"
by ii. ii. THIS series forms a gracious
and fitting memorial of a child.lovlnp
and cmld-helping soul.
Papers on the Great English Schools,
Rugby and others. illustrations by
Joseph Parnell.
A S~ea-coast Serial Story, by ] T,
Trowbridge, will be lite.like, vigorous,
and useful.
"Jenny's Boarding House, a serial by
James OTIS. Dealing with news.boy life
and enterprise.
Frank r. Stockton will contribute sew.
eral OF his humorous and ianclful stories.
Drill By John Preston True. A
capital school-story for boys.
The Boyhood CT Shakespeare, by Rose
Kingsley. With Illust. atoms by Alfred
Parsons.
Short stories by scores of prominent
writers. including Su san Coolidge, II.
II. Boyesen, Nora Perry, T. A.. Janvier,
Washington GLADDEN., Rossiter johnson,
Joaquin. Miller, Sophie May, Hezekiah
Butterworth, W. 0. Stoddard, Harriet
Prescott Spotford. and many others.
Entertaining Sketches by Alice w.
Rollins, Charles G. Leland, Henry Eek
ford, Lieutenant %Schwatka, Edward Eg.
gleston, and others.
Poems, shorter contributions, and de-
partments will complete what the Rural
New. Yorker calls "the best magazine for
children In the world"
THE CENTURY CO., New YORK.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14
Congressional Proceedings.
JANUARY 8.

In the Senate, Mr.. Eustis offered a con.
current resolution r%eciting that in the
opinion of Congress, the last bond call
for ten millions should be redeemed in
standard silver dollars. Referred to FL
nance Committee for early report. The
resolution for the investigation Of the
Pension office went over until Monday.
A resolution was adopted authorizing the
District Committee to investigate the
Washington street-railway management.
The Edmunds Anti Polygamy bill was
taken up and after long debate passed, SO
to 7. The nays were Blair, Cali, Gibson -,
Hampton, Hoar, Morgan and Vance. Ad,
Journed at $3.50 p. m. until Monday.
Herald and tribune. [volume] (Jonesborough, Tenn.) 1869-current, 1886-01-14
THE BIG STORM.
HALF THE CONTINENT FROZEN
UP.
Heavy Shows and Arctic Cold from the
st. Lawrence to the Gulf.
Gales That Have Locked Up the Northern
Rivers N Blighted Florida Orang-
es and Louisiana Sugar Cane
Trains Fast in tho Snow
Drifts-Buslness I'M
peded and Travel
Delayed.

The January storm which began West
of the Mississippi on Wednesday, Jan, 6,
covered the country from the st. Law,
rencet to the Gulf of Mexico. In its extent,
in the amount of sno which fell, in the
average degree of cold and the velocity
of the wind it has been a phenomenal
winter tempest. Railroad traffic from the
Atlantic to the eastern side Of the Rocky
Mountains has been interrupted and
scores OF trains have been showed in. In
the Southern and Southwestern States the
sudden cold is the most remarkable
known for many years.
Along the coasts-Jersey, New England
and elsewhere-the great gale played sad
havoc with the shipping. Scores of yes.
sells suffered. Some are lost, others were
driven ashore. How many persons have
been drowned can not be estimated.