Washington standard. [volume] (Olympia, Wash. Territory) 1860-1921, 1886-05-21

ctotVo uuu AcIIltOIicS are Cl6S6 u
under three groups, each group in.
cludins one OF the great physical
regions of this country. The East
ern, or Atlantic States, include the
Atlantic coast plain and the Apalat-
chian mountains. and comprise the
following three sections:
NEW ENGLAND SrATEs.-Maine, New
Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Mas
sachusetts and Connecticut, in which the
labOrers, who worked in manufacturing es.
Establishments, averaged $3.50 80 in wages in
1890, or gill per day.
MIDDLE STATEs.-New York, Pennsyl.
vania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland.
Virginia, West Virginia and the District
of Columbia Yearly average wages in
these States, $349.1S; daily, Sill. 1t
should not be forgotten that New England,
New York. Pennsylvania and New jersey
have the largest manufacturing establish
mentS.
SOUTHEASTERN STATES North Caro-
lima, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama
and Florida. Yearly average wages, $1Sl
OC 10 CtHtS Ill uNC
States, where the leading occupation is az
ricultural and the principal products cot
ton, corn, rice and sweet potatoes. the pop
ulatiOn is about half black. The whites
number 2,SS0045 and the negroes 1881,
535. Little iron is produced in these
States--sO little that it hardly affects the
iron market or wages. Ofthe jS3 furnaces
in the United States In 1884, these five
EVot Ial lint -, n
in Georgia and 10 in Alabama
In the New England and the Mid.
die States the average wages of all
employees in manufacturing establish
ments are 81 II per day, but when
the Southeastern States are taken
into the account the wages in all the
Atlantic States only average 93A
cents per diem. Taking the second
group, the Central States, which oc-
cupy the Mississippi valley, the
wage showing is as follows:
NORTH CENTRAL STATES. east of the
Mississippi. - Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
Michigan. Wisconsin and Kentucky
Yearly average wages, $346l5; daily aver
age. $l.1O.
NORTH CENTRAL STATES, west Of the
Mississippi-Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota
Dakota Territory, Nebraska and Kansas
Yearly average wages, $311.l3; daily aver
age, $1.1s.
SOUTH CENTRAL STATES. - Tennessee
Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas
and Indian Territory. Yearly average
wages, e203.75; daily average. about 81
cents. Average wages per day In manu-
featuring establishments In all the central
States, 81 lO41.
The third and last group, the
Western States and Territories, in
the region of the Cordilleras. is com.
posed of Montana, Wyoming. Color
ado, New Mexico, Idaho, Utah, Ari'
zona, Nevada, California, Oregon
and Washington. Ia this group the
yearly average wages are $474 30 Of
81 51a day. Tabulatsd. the daily
wages Of operatives in the manufao
tories in all the States and the Ter
ritories in 1880, appears as follows
Southeastern States :.....:.......$ 81
New England, Middle and Sonth
eastern ...... ............... 93I
United States and Territories 800. 1.O35r
Central States 1Wl,
New England and Middle States... LII
In the five greatest manufacturing
States, New York, Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Illinois and Massachusetts. 11G
Western States and Territories. go. 81.
At the last census the total popu
lation of the Eastern. or Atlanti,
States Was % 1861, ,1O9; central States
25. .O19, 1913; Western States and Ter
riiories l .767 ,697. 1t will be noticed
that in the Eastern and Contra
States, the most populous, wage
are very much lower than in th
west, q positive proof that the OLE
and populous countries, despite pro
lection or free trade. pay less 70
labor than the new and more thinl,
settled. If this is not true, why i
it that operatives in manufactures il
Arizona. Wyoming and Nevada aver
ago 81 81 q day, while men similarl.
employed in New York, Pennsylvau
| ia, Massachusetts, Illinois and Obi
only average 81 16 per day? Nor
than half tho 253, $40 manufacturing
establishments in the United States
at the last census were in six State
Indiana, with II, 1913; Illinois. IA,
594; Massachusetts,. 1852; Ohio
20, 500; Pennsylvania, 81, 1,225, an,
New York 42,739. The number o
hands employed in these, and all tn
other States, in manufactures, wa
2,738, $3.50. The whole number en-
gagged in all occupations was II 1892
O99, of which number 2, CAT ,157 wer
females. The following table show
how the greater number were en-
ployed.
! In agriculture ....... ..........7 1870. ~
Professional personal service. -. .4,014,2s
Manufacture and mining ....... 1881, II
Trade and transportation ........ 1,S1O,2j
Farmers and planters. ,225, 81
Agricultural iaborers. ........ 1928 81
LabOrcrs mot specified) ......... ,S59, 2.
Domestic servants -. .........1 Il ,O75,6;
Carpenters and joiners .......... 313,14
Clerks in stores s............... 300, A
Milliners, drcss-makers and seam
stresses as5, ,4(
Employees of railroad companies