davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
CHAMBER OF O0MMERcE
OF New York CITY on Strikes aud Labor
Troubles.

TrOuDlenI
NEw York, April 27.-The Chamber Of
Commerce held a special meeting this
afternoon to take action on the labor quss-
ton in It's relation to strikes. A large
number Of business men were in attend.
auce. Resolutions were presented deClar-
ing that minor differences between EN-.
ployers aud employees should be settled
by mutual concessions without the inter-
vention OF third parties; that important
differences affecting the public interest or
convenience ought to be settled by arbi-
tration; that questions as to rates Of wages,
hours OF labor and the kind oi service to
be rendered are proper subjects OF arbitra.
tion; that the Chamber fully recognizes
the right Of all classes OF citizens
to unite In trade or labor associations,
and to use all moral and legal
means In the furtherancs OF their inter
ests; that any employe leaving his bust.
ness and going on a strike forfelts his
place absolutely that any man resorting
to violence to prevent another man work.
ing shall be visited with the full penalty
OF the law; and that every association
which endeavors by intimidating to
abridge the liberty Of choice or Of action
deserves the seYerest censure Of every
American citizen.
These resolutions were discussed at
great length, nearly all Of those present
making strong speeches in favor Of their
adoption.
A resolution presented by Gustave
SChwab, calling upon the citizens OF
America to support the guardians Of the
law In maintaining peace and order was
added to the list Of resolutions presented.
The entire list oi resolutions was then
adopted by the Board with much enthu.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28

Of the house who voted to send 1t here
had no knowledge, 1t having been all
taken in secret session by the committee,
and the House having voted down the
must, however, be supposed to be fairly
represented by the contents Of the ma
jority report, which have read; and,
judging from that, characterize this pro-
Cseding-the transmission Of the testimo.
ny here-as an attempt to circulate and
give currency to baselsss gossip and scam
dal, after everything substantial in the
way Of a charge has been discredited and
disproved, / am content to leave the
Committee on Privileges and Elections for
such disposition OF 1t rs they may find to
be in accordance with dignity and justice.
| trust that IL will receive early attention
and action"
The majority aud minority reports were
referred to the Committee on Privileges
and Elections,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28

ST. LOUIS, Mo-, April 97.-The seventy.
Ave boys employed by the Great Western
Glass Company, who struck yesterday, all
returned to their places this morning and
the works resumed operations. Thirty
I've moro Of the employees Of the Missouri
Gar and Foundry Company, who struck
last week because the management oi
that company refused to cease supplying
repair material to the Missouri Pacific
Railroad Company, returned 10 work this
morning, About two.thirds OF the entire
number of men necessary to carry on the
full business I the establishment are now
at work. A full resumption Of operations
is expected by President Mcmillan by the
end Of the week.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
H0NORS TO DAVIS.
THE SOUTHERN ouIEETA1N
Receives tho Greatest Ovation Of HiS Life
From the People of AlabamA-Ths EE'
President Of tho COEf'dsrSOy
Touched by the Demonstration,

MONTGOMERY, Ala, April 27,-Jetferson
Davis left his home at Bsauvoir, Miss, &C.
companied by his youngest daughter at Il
o'clock this morning, They were in q
special car, in charge OF u committee ol
citizens Of Montgomery, who went 10 es-
cort him. The arrival at every station
was the signal for demonstra-
ton, At the stopping places between
this city aud Mobile great crowds gather
ed, the local militia fred salutes, children
waived handkerchieis and shouted, and
all pressed to the car to shake the hand OF
the man who led the cause Of the South.
Many one'legged and oue.armed soldiers
were waiting to see him, and all had
shouts OF welcome.
MIR. Davis stood or sat at the rear car.
He was too feeble TO speak, but gave
hearty hRud.shake 10 all. The train
reached here atSp. NJ. The tcsne has
never boen equalled, and eClipSed the in.
augural reception In 1851. Houses
were illuminated, fireworks bright
ened the heavens, artillery doomed
and dozen bands played, while
the shouts Of thousands mingled
with the roar and added to It's volume.
The local military and Governor 0'Neil
and staff were at the depot TO receive Mr.,
Davis. It was difficult for the carriage in
which he sat, which was drawn by
four white horses, to get through
the blocked streets, All this despite
Of rain from above and the mud beneath.
Arrived at the Exchange hotel, shout al.
ter shout greeted his entrance. The oya-
ton was the grandest Of his lie. The
decorations on houses are elaborate and
the United States dag floats from every
window.
General ]. B, Gordon, from Atlanta,
arrived shortly before Mr., Davis and was
received at the depot by the military, He
was welcomed on his arrival in speech
by Alderman Watts, acting mayor.
=, General Gordon responded in speech
briet and eloquent. The demonstration
over him was nearly and heartfelt.
Mr., Davis retired at an early hour, His
health 10 good, but he Is not strong. The
feeling shown him greatly touched him,
as II Is the first expression Of any
consequence BinCe the close Of the war.
His speech tomorrow will be short. Tho
occasion is q lecture by him and an I'D.
dress by General Gordon In aid Of the
monument to be erected here to the
soldiers Of Alabama who fell In the war.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
pELLAlRE,
A Readable AIslauEs Of aos.lp from the
HIa.. Ftl-

A Readable MelauEs OF Gossip from ths
Glass City.
Mr.. James Kinney, OF Marbletown, was
In the city yesterday on business.
]. A. Green, the grocer, who was burned
OF the steel works, is getting along finely.
s. L. Mooney President OF the Bellaire,
GAINESVILLE 4 Cincinnati railroad, is In The
city.
Mr.. Harry sampsel and wife left for
their future home in Grand Island, Neb,,
on Monday.
The cashier Of the Commercial Bank, at
Martins Ferry, Mr.. II. w. Smith, was In
the city yesterday. l4 ~
Mr.. Joseph Boggs, q prominent farmer
and wool buyer q WarnockS, Ohio. y, was In
the city yesterday.
The report that William Kennedy had
been shot OF Columbus, turnB out 10 be
without foundation.
The ST. Olaifsville Presbytery is meeting
Of Caldwell, Noble county. The delegates
from here went via Cambridge.
A large crowd witnessed the perform.
ance oi the Ellis Family Of Bell Ringers az
the Christian Church last night.
The work on the new Union street
bridge 10 moving along nicely now AMI
will be pushed as rapidly as possible,
Elder John 8. Sweeney viii lecture IN
the Christian Church tonight and eyerv
evening this week on the subject OF Bati.
tiBm.
Rev. Nv. Walker and MI. W. II, Smith.
Of Martins Ferry, passed through I'M
city yesterday for Caldwell, 10 attend A
meeting Of the Pfssbytefy.
The members Of tho Liedstktaps.
schuetSenverein and their families had a
ball IN Turner hall Monday night Il was
2 private family ball, gotten tip iof the
families and friends Of the members. A
most enjoyable time was had, AZ the Ger.
mans always have. About midnight some
rowdles attempted 10 effect an entrance and
% this was refused, began 10 throw stones
and hfiCks at the hall, much 10 the annoy.
ance ol those inBide. Louis Long went
out and demanded that they clear ont
Some words followed, when Louis flied q
revolver at them two or three times. This
seemed 10 uuiet thihRe,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
GREECE'S ATTITUDE.
TuE UITIMApUM NOT oHEYID
The Allied Blsst Called Back aud Maxi, e
Preparations to Act In Case the aFsshs
douOt DISaIm-Tho War FssliUE slnl
RanpAut- Mass Meeting Held,

LONDON. April 27.-Ths news from
Greeca is conflicting, Oae dispatch states
that France did all in her power to secure
q favorable settlement for Greece by iudi,
vldual mediation but failed. 1t is also
said that France didn't sign the ultlmatum
in which the other powers Joined, ORDER
ing Greece to disarm, that she has not
yet signed 1t aud that II she eventually
does sign it that fact will be commpni-
Gated to Greece in a separate note, Greece,
1t is Ryerred, Is arranging to seek from the
powers certain concessions in return for
dlsarming, Other dispatches say that
Greece dsarmed before receiving the ulti.
matum which ordered the disarming 10
take place within eight days, and That
when Premier DeLyannis received the
he declared 1t was then object
less as the orders for disarming had al
ready been given.
A Vienna dispatch says that It Is under
stood that France intends 10 propose
conference for the purpose Of making con.
cesslons to Greece.
A telegram from Athens states that tue
combined fleet Of the powers will proba.
ply return to the Plrpeus to-day 10 EN-.
bark the Foreign Ministers,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
rio IIouIn AmnIsd.

WARRINGTON, April 27.-The House was
kept amused for nearly an hour to-day BY
a personal explanation Of Mr.. Foran, ol
Ohio, followed by a similar explanation
by Mr.. o'Neil, Of Missouri, all hanging on
. remark attributed by the latter 10 The
former that the labor troubles should be
settled by blood. Mr.. Foran denied with
warmth that he had ever made such q
statement, and during the course Of bis
remarks said Nj. Cain, Of Texas,
and not Mr.. o'Neil was the author Of The
arbitration bill. MIR. O'Neil replied that
ever since he'had been Chairman Of the
Committee on Labor he had been freLted
and worried by the sore.head gentleman
from Ohio. The trouble with the arbltra.
tlon bill was that bis (Mr. o'Neil'sl name
was connected with it. II II had been q
failure the gentleman from Ohio would
have been glad enough 10 have charged
II to his humble servant.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
nase BAli Y.,t,rdaT.

Al Baltimore-Baltimofe, q Athletics,
/. Earned runs, Baltimore, 1. Two base
hits, Larkln and schaeier. Three base
hits, Henderson, First base on balls, of
Henderson, 81 Kennedy 2. Base hits,
Baltimore, 81 Athletics, 8. Erfofa, BalH.
more, Athletics, /. Umpire, Ferguson,
AT Louisville-1,ouisville 3; PittSburgh
s. Earned runs, Louisville 81 Pittsburgh
3. Home runs, Smith and Mann. Two
base hits, Gross. Three base hits, Mann,
Passed balls, Gross, 4, Miller, 1. wild
pitches, Sullivan, 8. Fffst base on balls,
by Sullivan, 4. Struck out, by Sullivan, 81
Calvin, /. Double plays, Mack aud White
Umpire, Young.
Al 81. LouiBzgt. LouiS, 20; Cincinnati,
8 Eatned runs, 81. Louis IS, Cincinnati
none. Two base hits, Gleason, O'Neii
Welch, Robinson, Hudson, Bald win, Fen
nelly 3. Three base hits, O'Neil 2, Iath,
am 3, Comisky, Robinson. Passed balls
Baldwin 3. wild pitches, Peohlny d
First base on balla, Of Hudson ., of
peChiny 8. Struck out, by Pechlny 4, bJ
Hudson 4, Double plays, Gleason, Bob
lnson, Comisky 2. Umpire, Kelly,
Az Augusta-Aagusta,S 8 Ohatlaiioo0a, o
AT Ohafles'n-M -Memphib, o; ChaflesIn, 3
AtsAvannAh-sAvannAh,0 o Eashy'le, ID
AT Macon-Atlanla, Al Macon, 2,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
INDIOrED EOR CONSPIRACY,
srlEiug TailOrs Arrested and
Held to AppaRr at Court,

hclu 70 4ppeAN " VouFb
NEW YoEE, April 27.-Ths reports tc
the effec! that twenty-five OF the Leaders
Of the Third avenue strikers had been
taken into custody arose from the lacI
that thirty.three OF the striking hands ol
the firm Of Oayanaghs, Ford & Co., the
merchant tailors OF 10 West TWenty-third
street, who mad been engaged in trying to
bring about a boycott Of the firm were
marched TO police headquarters by In
spector Byrnes' detectives this morning,
The men wero arrested on bench warrants
Issued by the District Attorney on an
indictment found by the Grand Jury
and handed in yesterday afternoon, The
indictment Is a joint one and contains
fully fifty names.
Tho indictment is drawn under para
graph 5 Of section l8S Of the Penal Code,
which makes 1t unlawful for two or more
persons to Conspire to prevent another
from exercising q lawful trade or calling,
The men were all arraignsd in court this
morning, and held in $500 bail, The
Tailors' Union furnished bondsmen.
The Grand Jury to-day continued their
investigation with regard to the Third
avenue strike aud the general tie-up ol
the surface roads, and warrants for some
OF the leaders may be looked for at any
moment,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
TnRoUan THE STATE.
Accidents aud IncidontS in wOst Virgin
aud Vicinity.

and Vicinity.
Mr.. Farr, prosecuting attorney Of bod.
bridge county, was married TO Agnes,
daughter Of O. ]. Stewart, OF West Union
Thursday evening last.
Leonard Watson and Levi McCloud,
who were sentenced to the penitantiary
from Gllmer county for year for robbing
postotiice, have served out their term
and returned home.
AT Grantsville, Calhoun county, satur.
day night, James Sturms, l8 years old, and
verypopular,w with number Of young men,
among them Samuel Sickles, about Sturms'
age, had been 10 q school examination,
where sickles and sturms quarreled and
left theschool house to fight Il out. Slckles'
father followed, and men who followed at
Q distance declare old man SickleB struck
eturms on the head while young sickles
stabbed him. Sturms fell dead, saying,
".They have cut me TO pieces" The muir.
dererB were captured and confined In tue
Grantsyille jail. Threats Of lynChing were
mnIp
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
A BIG BREAK
In Levee on the misSiSsippl River-Dam
nRe to the Oropl,

Au - hoNeu uu tHb mibAb8Ippl BtuE-bhus
age to the Crops.
MEMPHIS, April 2z-At 1880 o'clock
tonight the lovee on the east bank OF tho
Mississippi river, 42 miles south Of Mem.
phis, broke. The break occurred in the
25 feet high leyee, three.qnarters Of a
mile south Of Austin, Miss. A force Of
men were employed at the time strength.
enins 1t, but when It broke they ceased
work. The water that will pass through
this break will find its way to Beaver dam,
Yazoo pass, Hull's break and White Oak
bayou. II Is feared that portions Of Tunisa,
Qiitman and Sunilower counties will
suffer, which, II the worst Ia realized, will
cause serious loss 10 the farmers who have
already planted their crops. The break
was ten feet wide when the message was
sent, Immediately after II happened, and
nothing later can be learned tonight.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
PreparInE for AetIon.

ATHENS, April 27.-All the foreign rep.
Eessntatlyes except Count DsMonSy, tie
French Minister, had a long conference
with the commanders Of the foreign men.
oi-war now lying at the Plreaus. They
discussed measures to be taken In the
event Of Greece not complying with the
ulumatum OF the powers. Greece's reply
70 the ulIimatum Is expected at the end ol
this week.
The Minister OF War will not agree to
the disarming OF the troops and will ten.
der bis resignation II that course be de.
clded upon. At q mass meeting OF the
war party to-day disarmament was de.
nounCed. Further meetings will be held
tomorrow. A force Of cavalry Is hsld in
readiness for action in the event OF dis
orders.
Several more foreign men.ot-war have
arrived In the oiling.
A decree has been issued disbandlng
the reserves. The Minister OF War Ia re.
turning to Athens from Thessaly.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28

Tar debate in the Senate on the Inter-
Sale Commerce bill totche0 the root Of a
ptous evil. II the farmers and otockmen
n Tie West are put on an equality with
Aae Of the Middle States they ought to
" we'll satisfied. To reverse the adyan-
ags Of neatness to market and discrimi.
A,esgainst near points in favor Of re.
aoler ones, Is to commit a wrong for which
there is no defense.
Under lie power to regulate commerce
ktTeen the States Congress can remedy
Aisvpng and ought to do 1t, 1t ought
n'wr to 10 possible to ship a carload oi
atileor llour from Chicago to the seaboard
IIess cost than from any point in Ohio,
Wee! Virginia, Pennsylvania or Mary.
aadi and yet this is q standing grievance
issiaSt the railroads. Common carriers
IhOald not bO permitted to iuggle the
geography Of the country out Of all recog'
tninn
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
rGE CIINEsE MINIS TER
hsn Leave Of the prssidsnt-spseohss of
the Two OIiloiAls,


WSnSOroS, D. O., April 27.-Mr.
Cheng TSao Ju, the retiring Chinese Min
tet, accompanied by Secretary Bayard,
tlllea at the White House and took Off.
all leave Of the President. In presenting
Ae letter oil recall he said:
MR PRRSlDENT:-l desire 10 express my
ancefe thanks, especially for the unvary.
lag kindness and courtesy which and
las members oi my legation have re-
t!vel from your EICellenCy and the high
s!hcen olthe United States Governmentre-
ldlng here. TheaetokenS Of good will have
lven me much pleasure because Of my
@avCtlon that they were given 10 me as
Ss representative Of the Emperor and
uo'efnmeDt Of China, and that they indi-
ts!e desire to maintain tho ties ot friOnd.
sSp existing between China and the
.alted States. This is reCiproCated by
he Government OF China. And now In
Sll1g my final leave permit me, Mr..
.issdent, 10 offer 10 YOU my sincere
,lnes for your health and happinoaa and
~ The most abundant prosperity Of the
ssN people over whom you preside.
Ihe President replied:
ar NJ MIElsrRR.-It Is always a source Of
!S'gt when the kindly official and per-
4laI relations which have grown between
Js Hovefnment and the representative
va lnendly sovereign are turned into q
Nv ChaunOl, but tho regret l feel In 70.
ss.IlhS rom your hand the Imperial edlCt
@Flnonlng you back 10 China and in bid.
Sls you farewell Is made deeper by tue
ST9Ieetlon Of your high personal quall-
and the unvarying spirit Of courtesy
agood will you have infused into the
Gs.ons IGH..ons between your mission and this
Oey'thmeht,
.ne vmt disLance that separates China
sSn we United States together with the
ssaaNkaOle diversitlCs In Language, laws,
a'VlS and tradition Of the two govern.
,s ,as and their people have not Tin.
aAlly made II more than usually
s,sat sSsaIt to create aud maintain that Cleal
WA good will and understanding &C
.lllal in international intercourse, and
WYE more than yourself has recognized
SaIt OF sought more faithfully 10 over
ny e The difficulties which have growr
SO' race jealousy and tho competition
flyalhts Of labor. l recognize
thank you Tor your earnes
NV TO create that good isel'
gesSeen your country and my own
boGl, Ivy ! trust will continue TO bear IL
M % Iulls TO both natlonaltiss. Whei
Hsi. tysiQtn to your own shore, accom-
NV, 'N ey The most Cotdlal respect ant
l,gn'hy OIL those who have known yot
NM Ia1s Your stay with us, beg that yot
Ssute your sovereign and cause you
Ss.,. Nm couhlrymen 10 know that and m
~, SS,,,H'llIlohal advisors truly represent th
~ 9Gdy ol our Counlfymen In pre-
Sss, sne most cordial and friendly sent
an owatds China, and desire 10 col
SS,,.GMg' Gg' commercial Interchange 10
SA'ly satisfactory and bsnehCent ent
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
VIII Not Isun Under disadvantage.

CHICAGO, ILL, April 26-Mr. r. T.
Crane, President Of the Crane BrOthera'
Manufacturing Company, employing some
1900 men, says that he will close his shops
May II his employees insist upon their
demand. "The reason l shall close the
works." he continued, ''is that tho EN-
ployes OF Eastern manufacturing concerns
In our lins OF business will not make the
same demand. Tho firms have issued cir.
culars to that effect, and are taking con-
tracts for delivery Immediately alter that
date. l will shut down until tho firms in
our business arrive at some conclusion
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28

rITTsBuRun, April 97.-The strike at the
Nellie and Olarissa works Of James Coch-
ran and Others on the DiCkerson run
branch was OF short duration. State secre-
tary Davis, OF the Miners and Laborers
Amalganated Association with somo ol
the men had q conference with Mr.. Coch-
ran and Joseph X. Laughry last night,
tho result Of which was that the three
discharged men were reinsta!ed, and the
men went 10 work to-day. Cochran de.
MES having shipped any raw coal to the
Eaatarn maFkpt
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28

PlrrABURou, April 27.-Ropresentatives
Of engineers and aremen and employees Of
the Pittsburgh & Western and Pittsburgh,
Cleveland & Toledo railroads are in con.
sultation with Superintendent Johnston
in regard to wages, The men on the Pitts.
burgh, Cleveland 4 Toledo division de.
maud u restoration Of wages paid before
the road passed out Of the hands Of
ChaunCey Andrews, while the Pittsburgh
& Western men desire to have a general
increase and runs regulated.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
nnllImoro 1ls.up End.tI.

BALTIMORE, April 27.-The strike Of The
railway car drivers ended to-day and for
the first time in two weeks the cars Of the
Frlck lines are running tonight Many
OF the old drivers have been taken back,
bnt the new men will not be discharged.
Tho pay will be 81 Us for twelve hours
work, the company refusing to give 81, for
which the ntfike was inauYuratel.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
GENERAL CONVENTION
Of the Kniehta of Labor Called for May 20,
at Cleveland, y.

"a NV SA .t+SVA SNASN ASA uAaI ~
at Cleveland, ..
New YoRK, April 27.-General Master
Workman powderly has called a general
assembly Of the Knights Of Labor OF the
United States and Canada to meet in
Cleveland on May 25. This will be a
special meeting Of tho General Assembly
to consider the general labor troubles
throughout the country and the proposed
legislation with reference 10 some system
Of arbitration In disputes between EN-.
ployers and employees. ..S,,.s -;
The delegates who attended the General
Assembly In Hamilton, Ont, In July,
1885, will continue in Office as delegates at
the forthcoming assembly. Mr. Powdetly
Is expected 10 arrive In New York this
week. While the business which brings
him here is not known, II is said that IL In
no way relates To the Third avenue strike.
II is probable that he will take occasion
while here 10 diaclaim for tho Knights Of
Labor any responsibility for the strike at
the sugar houses In WilliamBburgh, which,
IL 10 said, has no sanction from the order,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28
Pacific Ijoait crops,

CHICAGO, LII, April 21.-A special dis
patch from Portland, Oregon, says The
sptins has been favorable lor seeding op.
efallons all over the Northwest coast 90
that the work may measutably be said 70
be done, and the conditions were meyer
better for q bbunliiu harvest. II 10 be.
ileyed from the present Indications that
this yeats crop Of wheat Will exceed tnAt
Of last year by 10000 tons, aud the bafley
product tot surplus will exceed HOOVVV
tons,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-04-28

Of bread to the poor are made every day,
In all cases inquiries are made TO see
whether the people to whom bread 10
given are in reality needy. The result Of
The boycott has been 10 enlarge Mrs.
Grsy's business, Many persons who come
in congratulate Mrs, Gray and promise
their support, She believes she has
gained complete victory over the boy
cOItAFp