davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17
Paw Your Taxes!

The county tax rolls Of Steele county have been
placed In my hands, and am now prepared 70
receive all taxes for the year 1886 and past years.
The attention Of tax payers is called to the fol-
lowing provision of the Dakota Code. which will
be found on page 475 Of Levisee's revised editions
mo demand of taxes shall be necessary, but 1t
shall be the duty Of every person subject to taxa
rion under this law. to attend at the treasurer's
office, at the the county seat, and pay his taxes
and it any person neglect 80 to attend and pay his
taxes until after the first day of January next,
succeeding the levying Of the taxes the treasurer
is directed and required to collect the same by
distress and sale."
LA. JACOBSON,
Treasurer steele County, ID. r.
Dated, Sherbrooke, D. T., Dec. 10th, 1886.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17
An End to Bone scrapins.

Edward Shepherd, Of Harrisburg, ILL.,, says:
"Having received so much benefit from Elec-
trio Bitters, I feel it my duty to let suffering
humanity know it Have had running sore
on my leg for eight years; my doctors told me-
I would have to have the bone scraped or leg
amputed. I used, instead, three bottles Of
Electric Bitters and seven boxes Rucklin's.
Arnica Salve, and my leg is now sound aud
we'll" Electric Bitters is sold at nifty cents d
bottle, and Bucklen's Arnica Salve at 25 cents
pcr box BY Wamberg & Jacobson, Hope, p. II
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

A letter just received from Mr.. Charles L.
Passmore, formerly Of Page, announces his
marriage on December 9Th, at Andover, Mass,
to Miss Susie NJ. Came, Of Freeport, Maine,
formerly of Page. The ceremony was per-
formed by Rev. John J. Blair, the BRIDES uncle.
At the date of the letter the newly welded
couple were at Freeport, Maine, but expected
to leave soon for Rising Sun, Maryland. About
the first OF January Mr.. Passmore expects to
60 into manufacturing business at Salem,
Ohio. The many friends of the parties in this
section wish them joy.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17
Hone Dramatic Club.


Friday evening the Hope House dining hall
was filled TO its utmost capacity by an audience
gathered from town and country to witness
the presentation by the Hope Dramatic club Of
the "Danger Signal" After an overture by
Prof. Plunkett and the Hope orchestra, the
curtain was rung up, disclosing a stage which
had been improvised to present the appearance
Of well furnished waiting-room. Tho story
of the play is that Mr.. Norman Geo. A. Luce)
had in early life succeeded by questionable
means in obtaining coonelcy which Enfield
(Dr. Baldwin) would otherwise have obtained.
To make amends Norman afterward has Will
Hanson, alias Enfield, appointed captain Of the
steamer Northern Belle, which is wrecked.
Norman, who thinks Williamson wrecked the
vessel Intentionally, had him arrested, and
Williamson foes from justice. He had at the
time of tho wreck rescued Stella (Mrs. Nc
Mahon), who is really Norman's daughter, and
left her at an obscure place on the Great Lakes.
He afterward takes her with him to Bald Point,
where he makes living by keeping summer
boarders, fishing, etc. The wreck Of the ves-
sci and loss of many lives, together with bis
wrongs gradually prey upon Enfeld's mind
till Stella fears insanity. Mother Foresight
(Mrs. Turney) knows his secret. Chester Nor
man &C. H Ward) is on the lake survey and
becomes acquainted with the Enfields. Charles
Norman, his foster father, calls to SEQ him and
is recognized by Enfield. He and Dr. Vaerian
(E. ]. McMahOn), who is pretty thorough
knave, allow Norman to depart in a small boat
with sQuall coming on. Mother Foresight
gives the alarm and Norman is saved. In the
second act Erfield plots to throw Norman over
a cliff with the tacit acquiescence Of DR.. Va
erian. Mother Foresight again illustrates their
plan and the whole denoument is precipitated.
Potter Bullock IT. K. Hulme), dude Of the
first water, with plenty Of money and no brains,
falls desperately in love with Miss Angle (Mrs.
G. J. Paul), an affected young lady on the look
out for rich husband, who keeps up a
filtration between Bullock and Valerian. Pat
Malloney &c. G. MerrielD, witty Irishman,
Norah (Mrs. G. G. MerrielD an Irish maid, and
Persimmon (R. D. Stewart), darkey, who
thinks himself better than a foreigner, round
out the play and afford much laughter by their
droll sayings and doings. Where all did so
well 1t would be invidous to particularize.
It was the unanimous verdict of the audience
that the club lad largely exceeded anticlpa-
tions, and DR.. Baldwin deserves much credit
for the ability he displayed in the performance
passing of without any of the bitches and
jars 50 usual to amateur theatricas.
The Hope orchestra rendered several fine
numbers during the evening, and the excel
lence Of the music evoked much favorable COM
ment the fine performance Of Prof. PIunkett
on the violin being much admired.
1t is to be hoped the club will soon favor the
public with another performance.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

The usual Sabbath evening quietness Of our
town was rudely startled Sunday night by the
wild CRY of fire, and it was discovered that the
parsonage attached to the Congregational
church was all ablaze. The building was oc-
cupied by ]. A. White and family, all the men,
bers Of which were at church when the fire
occurred. The parsonage stood two or three
rods from the church. When Mr.. White left
home he turned the lamp down but did not ex-
tinguish it. and the supposition is that the
lamp exploded and act fire to the house, as the
fire was first discovered in that part of the
house where the lamp stood. The only fire in
the house at the time was in the base burner.
The White family, consisting Of Mr.. and Mrs.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

We learn that there was quite fracas at
Page few days since between Mr.. H. o.
Hawkins, wheat buyer for the Cargill Bros,
and Mike Kenney, employed in the fiat
house. The former accused the latter Of hav-
ing stolen some lumber, and the latter ap-
to know Of Hawkins, who was standing with
his hands in bis overcoat pockets, if he had
made such a statement, and Hawkins re-
piled that he had, whereupon Kenney, without
warning, struck him blow which knocked
him down. The men then clinched, and in
the struggle Mike bit Hawkins lip severely.
Hawkins will prosecute.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17
To BE Abandoned.
The following appeared in the last issue Of
the Gooperstown Courier:
NOTICE TO SETTLERS.

the Gooperstown Courier:
NOTICE TO SETTLERS,
NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD.
Office OF Division Superintendent.
Jamestown, OAK, Dec. l, 1886.
It is altogether probable that the S., C. a. T.
N. r. R. will be closed for at least a part Of
the winter: In view Of this fact, all settlers
are advised to lay in supply Of fuel and pro-
visions, while the road is open,
power, to keep the road open, but as heavy
SHOWS have already fallen, we may be COM
PEELED to close it up on very short notice.
J. n. GRAHAM, Superintendent.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Treasurer Jacobson gives notice in another
column that county taxes are now due and
payable at bis Office, and farmers should avail
themselves Of the season when they have little
to do and have money on hand to pay their
taxes, and thus avoid the risk Of having pen
atty and interest added. Walk up, gentlemen,
aud settle your taxes.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

The first meeting OF the Hope Literary socie-
ty was decided success. At an early hour
the hall was filled with a large audience of
ladies and gentlemen, and standing room was
soon at a premium. Promptly at the hour ap-
pointed, Chairman Smith called the assembly
to order, and the exercises of the evening were
opened with recitation by little Bennie
Wasem. This was followed by song,
Drifting with the Tide" by Mrs. F. N. Gil
more, which called forth loud applause. Next
came recitation by Lucy Hervey, who did re-
markably well. The event of the evening
undoubtedly was the Irish character song and
dance Of E. H. Thurlow, who was loudly en-
cored, and in answer, gave number of Irish
jokes which convulsed the house with laugh
ter. His hit at Prof. Plunkctt, leader of the
orchestra, was particularly happy, and led to
no end Of nerriment. "The Bridal Wine Cup"
by Miss Lane, was well rendered. The Hopo
orchestra rendered one of its fine numbers,
Mr.. S. L. Page gave ''The Terrible Ride of
Peter Mcbride, Mrs. Gilmore sang "Gathering
Home" and DR.. H. II. Baldwin read, with
fine effect, the Little Stowaway." After the
completion Of the literary exercises the follow
ing officers were chosen to serve until the first
of February: H. L. Smith, president; j. L.
Wilcox, vice president; Miss Mary Simpson,
secretary, and Dr.. H. H. Baldwin, treasurer.
A constitution and bylaws was then adopted.
In answer to request, DR.. H. H. Baldwin
favored the audience with parody on Poe's
Raven, which was received with loud laughter
and applause, after which the meeting ad-
journed till Monday week, everybody returning
home well pleased.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Born-To Mr.. and Mrs. Daniel Nelson, Fri
day, December 10, girl. Mother and child
doing well, and Dan happy as a clam.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

James Mathesson left last night for Minne-
sofa. It he fails to find work in the woods he
will visit his father in Nova Scotia,
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

j. A. White and family will move into Ar
thur Warmers house, which is now being re-
paired for their reception.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Rev. I. W. Thurston and wife came over
from Clifford aud spent Sunday in Hope re-
turning Monday morning.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Mr.. Jacob Froelioh, well-known tailor Of
Cincinnati. o., after suffering for years with
rheumatism, was cured in short time by the
use Of St. Jacobs Oil.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17
Church Appointed.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 13.-The president to-day
nominated Judge Louis K Church for COVER
nor Of Dakota, vice Gilbert e. Pierce, resigned.
Church is from New York state, and was ap-
pointed to judgeship in Dakota few months
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

George Warner, agent Of the Red River Ele-
vator company in Hope, returned yesterday
from two weeks visit to his family in South
Dakota.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Arthur Roberts leaves tomorrow on visit to
his parents in New York. Arthur expects to
return in the spring. We wish him bon uoyaqe
and an early return.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Attorney E. j. Mcmahon left yesterday for
visit to his father in Faribault, Minn., and ex-
poets to be absent week or ten days. We
wish Mac pleasant visit to his old home and
the friends of his youth
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Centenary church, Minneapolis, was badly
damaged by fire on the night Of the 9th.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Supt Winchell has potatoes growing in his
cellar that are as large as hens eggs, and he
can enjoy new potatoes for his Christmao din
ner. No chestnut about this.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

A postal card received from Frank L. Ray,
dated at Aitken, Nnn., says: "Many Dakota
people down this way this winter, some with
teams, who find it difficult to get employment
at present. -
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

You cannot make your son or daughter a
better Christmas present than course in Prof.
Plunkett's classes in pennarlshp and pen art.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Clerk Of the District Court Ward has gone to
La Sale to spend Christmas with his relatives
and friands
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

There was quite little storm Monday night
and Tuesday morning, but it was not thought
here that it was sufficient to prevent the train
from coming up, but at an early hour dis
patch was received from Everest announcing
that the Hope train had been abandoned, 80
that we were without mail from Saturday till
veatarday
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Wamberg l. jacobson have just received the
finest assortment Of Christmas goods ever seen
in Hope. Something to please every taste and
to suit every pocket. Call and see them, for
they are too utterly too too.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Howard McGovney, Theodore Whisnand and
Fred Hughes left Saturday for California The
boys will make Los Angeles their objective
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Frank Ward left on Saturday for Omaha,
where he expects to obtain employment
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Rev. H. G. Simmons, superintendent of the
Congregational denomination in North Dakota,
preached to large audience in Hope last Sun
day morning and again in the evening, but the
services on the latter occasion we're brought to
sudden close by the fire which destroyed the
naraona0o
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Mr.. Lovejoy, Of Fargo, adjuster Of the Ger
man-American insurance company, came up
yesterday to adjust the loss OF Lis company by
the recent fire. Jonathan Bistline will make
an estimate to be submitted to the company,
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

The class in penmanship is very near full
and if you wish to join do not delay.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

The Duluth Tribune, the oldest paper in that
city, has suspended.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

James ingalls,, who lives just over the line in
Cass county, but takes the PIONEER all the
same, has just returned from two weeks
hunt in the Minnesota woods, bringing with
him as the result Of bis skill five fine deer and
fine lot Of fish. Jim left a couple of the deer
at Page for the boys to rattle for.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Yesterdays train brought in thirteen car
loads Of coal and merchandise.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

White and four daughters, lost all their wear
ing apparel and nearly all their household ef-
fects, it being almost impossible to enter the
building after the fire was discovered. A large
congregation had assembled to listen to Rev.
Mr.. Simmons, and 1t was only through their
utmost exertions that the church and the two
story building occupied by Mr.. Moote were
saved. Water was scarce, but the ground being
covered with snow, it was made into balls and
thrown against the walls, the heat causing
1t to melt as soon as it touched tho wood, and
was the means Of saving both buildings. MIR.
White estimates that $1,000 will not cover his
loss. The building was insured in the German
American for $500. Rev. H. G. Simmons says
the parsonage will undoubtedly be rebuilt at
an early day.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17
LOCAL ITEMS.

LOCAL ITEMS.
Wheat IS cents.
R. D. Stewart lost a valuable farm horse last
week.
Don't forget Prof. Plunketps class on the
violin.
The little daughter Of Attorney Paul Is quite
seriously i'll.
The thermometer Tuesday night fell to 26
below Zero
Mrs. Henry Palfrey and children left yeeter-
day for visit to Wahpeten.
Yesterdays train brought in thirteen car
loads Of coal and merchandise.
The class in penma1lship is very near full,
and If you wish to join do not delay.
Frank Ward left on Saturday for Omaha,
where he expects to obtain employment
Clerk Of the District Court Ward has gone to
La Sale to spend Christmas with his relatives
and friends.
Rev. 7. w. Thurston and wife came over
from Clifford aud spent Sunday in Hope, re-
turning Monday morning
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

Mrs. Henry Palfrey and children left yeeter-
day for visit to Wahpeten.
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

r. D. Stewart lost valuable farm horse last
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

'et Prof. Plunkett's class on the
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17

The thermometer Tuesday night fell to 26
below Zero
The Hope pioneer. [volume] (Hope, N.D.) 1882-1964, 1886-12-17
Penmanship and Pen Art!

Mr.. j. w. Plunkett has arranged to remain
in Hope until April, 1887. For the last five
years ne has taught privately, bis special
course of training in
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1886-08-05


EDIroe CmnFTAM;-Corn will make about
one-third Of q oropi drouth and ohlnch bugs
the cause. Water getting scarce and grass too
short to make hay, The want OF grass and
water Ia causing the Kansas people to bring
their cattle TO the nation to Craze. n there ls
not some way TO stop them nom this course
the nation will bo oyer-run with cattle. The
Law prohibits its citizens nom holding state
cattle and why not stop non citizens from graz
ing their stock here. There are non-citlEens
holding from three TO ave hundred head here.
Some Of them have tho impudenee 10 take cat
tie nom their nelghbors and graEe them this
side the line. The law prohibits people from
bringing cattle Into the nation between the
frat Of April and tho hrst OF November, but
they pay no attention TO the same. II our Of
heers do their duty they will nip this cattle
business In the bud and stop non-oltlEehs from
apeoulating on Indian grass.
The new mail line nom ChotopA 10 Coodyl
Bluff has no onaces established 0n the route.
Location papers for three olAcea were made
onti one on Cabin creek. one AZ David Mar
tins. and one near James Martins, on Big
creek. The mall has been carried four tripa
and the absence OF oflees accounts for the small
amount OF mall transported, added 10 the fact
that there are two ways Tor mail 70 reach
Coodys Blua nom Chelopa. p d. KnMsoN
Cabin Greek, Cooweescoowee Dist, July 30
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1886-08-05
rRnFRIL COURT nLTTERs.

The witnesses in the Tobier murder cases
must be at Wichita Friday.
The trial u McCarty for the murder Of the
Mahoneys is set for September Is.
Tho August term Of the United States
court opened at Fort Smith last Monday.
Felix Cowan and John Humphrey are al
Fort Smith on the Jim Thompson mule matter
Deputy Mershon, from the Choctaw coun-
try, went east Sunday to be present at the
opening Of the August term. He was acoom-
panied by his little daughter.
Marshal Carroll has been notified that th'
president will not further interfere In the case
OF Kit Ross, who secured two weeks respite
He will therefore be hung tomorrow.
-Conneil Rogers and John r. Lyons. weni
through Sunday on their way TO Fort Smith, Il
give testimony in an assault case in which I
knife was used by party named Fields, some.
thing like a year ago.
e. II. Doane went down Sunday 20 answer
in the whisky case with Hint Ridsnhour whc
is in jail and will plead guilty. Hint statei
tina. Doane was q partner In the business ant
he proposes to swear 10 the same In court.
ID. L. Denny and Messrs. PerrymAn ant
the Halls were among the throng who hstool
themselves towards Fort Smith last Sunday
The easo against orick, who sold cethIng'
cattle was what took portion OF these wit
nesses II not ALL
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1886-08-05


Mrs. W. e. Halseli has returned from her
Colorado trip.
Mrs. Belle Stevens has removed with her
children TO corslcanna, Texas.
Hon 8 II. Mayes.and brother. Tip" were
seen on the streets last Thursday.
Mrs. Barrett, residing In Texas, has been
visiting her sister, Mrs. w. Il. Hsisell.
It. J. McGhee, Eaq., clerk OF Delaware
district, was . caller yesterday morning.
Mrs. Miller and Mra. Dr. Bagby returned
from their visit In Kansas City last Sunday
morning.
Miss Vic knight, after a visit Of several
"a at Tahlequah and Muskogoe, has re-
turned homo.
Charley Chesney. after holding down a
''sit' on this paper for seven months, left
Tuesday for 81. Louis and Chicago.
w. II. CArnaii. who has been running the
Cabin creek tank. on the Frisco, will leave
shortly for q four or ave months visit to Pike
county, Arkansas.
-Miss Ruth Parks, who has been quite sick
for some months, is nor able TO be up.
She has been spending few days with her sis
ters, Mrs. J. W. Skinner and Mrs. T. Y
Tho.1uson.
VIII Miller. who has been in poor health
for some time, stsrted last Thursday for &c
Dorado Springs, Missouri. A letter received
since his arrival states that he is already feel
| Ing yery much improved.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1886-08-05
OOWALA OBSERVATIONS.

Parties who have been shipping stock from
this nsighborhood to St. Louis. return dis
gusted.
willie Stewart, a son OF one OF the 81
Louis commission men. is visiting Charles
Mcclellan.
Misses Kate TimberlAke and Annie Rogers
Of vinita, are enjoying the hospitality Of MIRA.
George Alborty.
Niles Mary J. Adslr, daughier OF the editor
Of the CnmTrAiS. is visiting her sister, Mrs.
W. p. Mcclellan.
y. c. Pagan, deputy United States mar
shAl. arrested Taylor Foreman on . whisky
charge few days ago.
The nrst trip OF tho new post route from
oowalA TO Can nadaville, was made last sAtur-
day, the 25th. The mail was small but was
not as bad as the Chetopa and Coodys Blun
route. As ehronicied In the CnIEFTAIE not long
since.
George Alberty's home seems 10 have q
strange facination for railroad agent Raiston
and DR.. Mcbride, both OF Claremore. Every
day brings us news that Ralston and Mcbride
came TO roost about two oF three O'Clock
"where have they beenS" Why they only
went up to George Albsrty's last night. Per-
hsps the two young ladies who are Visiting
Mrs Alberty. from vinita can explain.
On the night OF the Goth, . most enjoyable
dance and supper was had at Frank Musgroves.
About afteen young ladies were In attendance.
and all danced until sunrise OF the 9Th. The
remnants OF the oowAla string band furnished
the music assisted by I'd. Sunday and Buck
Handy. The supper could not be beaten, and
the dance was better still. Everybody In at
tendance was happy. and they owe u all TO the
Kindness OF Frank and Puss."
Yours truly.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1886-08-05

THR ErEIcAcY or PRAYKR.-Tbe Cof-
feyville Journal gives us the following
information as 10 how the folks up in
Goose Neck Bend secured rain in adj
vance Of other sections Of the country:
"The colored people OF the neighbor-
hood met at Goose Neck TO pray for
rain. They we're slow in gathering and
about the time the meeting got fairly
under way, a thunder storm accompan-
led by bountiful shower, passed over
that locality. The colored people OF
Goose Neck have great faith in the eff
cacy Of prayer since this occurrence"
The PUBLIC scHooL.--A fair number
Of our people turned out TO the mass
meeting held at the public school house
last Friday night. William Little was
chosen president and J.. w. Duncan
secretary. The purpose Of The meet
ing was stated 10 be TO devise means
for raising money for ceiling and seat
ing the upper room. The cost Of cell
ing is estimated at Sl25 and in reality
there ought to be fifty patent double
seats put in at cost OF about S4.5C
each. A committee Of five, consisting
Of b. r Fortner, T. r. Knight, II. II
Trott and oliver Bagby, was appointed
to solicit the purchase Of stock in the
association. These gentlemen we un.
derstand are meeting with fair success.
On Friday night Of this week another
meeting is to be held and full attend
ance is desired.