davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
AN DEVICE,

A Incsndcscent Lamp Which REQUIRES
No Vacuum In the Globe.
Mr.. Max Muthel has patented in Ger
many an incandescent lamp which
possesses the advantage of requiring no
vacuum in the globe. He has. it is re-
ported. very ingeniously overcome n
danger that experiments of this kind
have hitherto presented, and that is
the fusion of the incandescent wire.
The wire used by him consists of a mix
ture of bodies that are conductors and
nOn-conductors of electricity. He takes
magnesia, silicate of magnesia, etc.,
and porcelain clay, and forms a fine
thread of them, which he heats to in
c~andescence and saturates with a sOlu
ton of platino-iridium salts, and after
ward raises several times to incandes-
cence in order to reduce the absorbed
salts to = metallic state. Instead of the
foregoing mixture, filaments of clay
may be taken and saturated with =
solution of a metallic salt, which is
then reduced to a metallic state, through
incandessence and the use of oil Of
lavender or some other organic sub
stance, or through an electric current.
With wires thus prepared fusion is alb
solutely overcome. the presence of the
non-conducting substances preventing
the metallic parts from melting. Mi.
Mnthel supposcs that the electric spark
jumps, so to speak, from one particle
to another. and in this way causes q
heating of the other substances. which,
brought to incandescence, emit a more
intense light.-N Y. Post.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
GERMAN FARM N
The Wages They Receive In Some OF Il
Empires Richest Districts.

The Wages They Receive In Some Of The
Empl.e's Richest Districts.
Consul Dithmar. at Breslau. Ger
many, has made a report to the Depart
ment of State relative to agricultural
labor. He says the laborer usually
lives upon the estate, and is employed
upon it the year round. The king
hours are in summer from six =. m. to
seven p. m, and in winter from sunrise
to sunset. He has free lodging and free
fuel. and it is customary also to allow
his family the use of 100 square rods Of
land for raising vegetables. As direct
wages he receives per annum $40 to
S23. 80 in cash and "a bushels of rye, S
bushels of peas and II bushels of wheat.
The laborer's wife is bound to work in
the field whenever required. and re-
ceives for a days work in summer IL
to IA cents, and in winter 10 to IL. Of
tea, meat and tobacco the farm laborer
gets but little. If he smokes a pipe it
Is but seldom. and his tobacco is IN
manufactured leaf. In harvest time he
is treated to %schnapps to encourage
him in his work. A writer on economic
subjects estimates that = labOrer's
family, consisting Of himself. wife
and five children. under IL
years of age 4 subsist for
81. O94 a week, or S57 4 year. Miners
and mine laborers receive daily from
52i cents (Which is paid to foremen,
engineers and c%arpenter<) to 1871 and
Is cents paid to women and minors:
The average cost of the subsistence OF
= miners family, including rent, CLOTH
ing and taxes amounts to $122.SO per
annum. The rents paid by miners
range from sc cents to 81. 10 per month.
MI. Fox, the Consul At Brunswick,
sends a report OH agriculture labor in
that duchy. The wages paid to agri-
cultural labor depends upon the lOcali-
ty where such labor is employed. being
considerablyhigher in the level than
in tho mountainous districts. In the
former the wages of \ man and wife
aggregate 1874. % per annum. while in
wife, assisted by n child. earns but
1854. Men and women earn from IS
to AZ cents hOeing, and from AZ TO SO
gathering beets. In this latter work
children are also employed to cut of
the leaves, and \ child from 10 to II
years old will earn in a period of three
or four weeks "a cents daily. In the
matter of beet culture contract labor
is sometimes engaged, cash wages be-
ing from "a to 80 cents pcr diem. Oft
en- a donation of III cents per diem is
given, provided the laborer remains
steadily at work until the contract ex-
pires. Each employee receives from 20
to 20 cents head money upon entering
into the contract. and extra hours are
paid for at the rate Of 2. 3 and A cents
per hour. As a rule, every five or six
work people receive one quart OF milk
aud often one pound of bread per head
daily, with coffee in the morning and .
warm meal at noon and night. with
meat on Sunday Washington Cor. N.
Y. Sun.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
Getting Up Wood.

There is no better time to get wood
from tho lot than on the first SHOWS.
and before q great depth has fallen.
As Don Is the ground freezes, tho
farmer generally get time to 60
into the wood lot and cut what is
needed for the next seasons supply.
and have it ready to be hauled TO tho
wood-shed ~ soon a. there comes good
shedding: This IL ap easy wsy to get
tho wood out, for it is often difficult to
get about the wood lot with wheels,
and then if the wood is at the door it
can be cut at convenient times and
made ready to be housed 1t is much
more comfortable cutting wood in tho
lot before the snow gets deep.- Cong,e-
Q~dtionalsst.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
FARM N FlRESIoE.

When snow is scarce and tho
weather freezing. look out for your
orchard trees and vines.
An exccllen: remedy for hiccough
Tor young and old is grar hated sugar
moisteDed with pure vinegar. For an
infant give from a few grains to . tea-
spoonful. Toronto Globe
Coarse brown paper soaked in
vinegar and placed on the forehead IL
good for dck-headache. If the eyelids
are gently bathed in cool water, the
pain in the head Is generally allayed.-
Exchange.
-Treacle Mullins: One and one
fourth cups oatmeal, one cup -four. one
half cup brown sugar, One-half cup
butter worked into the sugar, one egg,
small cup of milk, a teaspoonful soda
dissolved in less than \ half cup of
molasses, one egg. . little nutmeg
AIbany Journal.
For a light tea cake. take one cup
Of sugar, two eggs. half a cup of melted
butter, n and a quarter cups of milk.
two teaspoonfuls of cream of tartar and
one teaspoonful of soda. Add flour
enough to make q stiff batter. Bake
twenty minutes in a good oven. Boston
Budget.
"A Salamander: Bone a chicken and
rub it well all owe with cayenne and
pounded ginger; put a quarter Of a
pound of butter in a stew-pan and lay
the chicken in it; let it simmer in the
butter until it is quite cooked; lay it on
a dish and pour the butter over it, with
the juice of a lemon; serve very hot
The Caterer.
Snow Bulls: Core and peel six ap.
pies; ill the place wher. the core was
with orange or lemon peel chopped,
Allow two tablespO0nsfuls of rice to
cover each apple and scatter this over,
after it is placed in the cloth. Tie
each apple in = separate cloth and boil
n hour. Serve with sauce.-Ciac;:-
mats Times.
For ebonizing wood. use half an
of copperas and eight II OF
lOswood chips. Boil the loswood
chips in n gallon of water for halt
an hour and then add the cOpperas.
The mixture must be applied hot to
the wood. Two or three coats will be
required. If the ebonized wood is to
be vanished. u little black must be
added to the varnish else it will give il
a brown tiage.-Chicago Journal.
Orange snow is delicious when pre-.
pared after the following method: An
ounce of isinglass is dissolved in 4 pint
of boiling water. 1t is then to be
strained and allowed to stand until it is
nearly cold. Now mix with it the juice
of six or seven oranges and one lemon.
Add the whites of three eggs and sugar
to taste. Whisk the whole together
until it looks white and like q sponge.
Put it into n mold and turn it out on
the following day.-TOledo Blade.
Plum Pudding: Beat thoroughly the
yelks of four eggs and stir them into a
quarter of a pint Of milk; add a quarter
of q pound of su.t chopped fine, half =
pound of fine bread crumbs, half =
pound each of stoned raisins and cur
rants, one-eighth Of a pound Of citrOn
cut into thin peels. one and a quarter
gills of sugar, = little nutmeg, powdered
cinnamon and mace. Mix all vel;
together, adding to the last the white
of the eggs beaten to q stiff froth. Tic
in a cloth and boil six hours, turning
once in a while, and being SUI to keep
boiling water on hand to add to that in
the kettle when it boils dOwn.-BostoI
Globe.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
To Prevent Rusting Of iron.

A composition has been invented BY
an English engineer which is claimed
to effectully preserve iron from
rust. being also usefully applicable to
other materials, such as stone and
wood. used in conjunction with metal.
This composition consists of 100 parts
virgin wax, 125 of Gallipol, 200 Of
Norwegian pitch, 100 of grease. 100 Of
bitumen of Judea. 235 of gutta perchs,
l2O of red lead. 20 of white lead, these
ingredients being mixed together in
the order named in a boiler, the gutta
percha being cut up in small pieces OF
rasped. The mixture is stirred at each
addition and poured into molds. For
iron it is melted and laid on with .
brush; for stopping holes it is used a. .
paste.-Boston Transcript.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
Proper Protection Of Stock.

The rule to be observed BY every
farmer in regard to the proper keeping
of cattle is that every animal from the
greatest to the least should b kept
happy and savedfrom pain and misery.
Then the stock are probably kept, and
the profit 10 in proportion to the degree
Of comfort enjoyed BY them. Every
farmer before he retires to his own
warn bed at night or before he eats
his abundant supper, should ask him
self: Are my cattle. horses. sheep,
pigs, and fowls resting In comfort and
With we'll filed bellies! If he can not
answer himself afirmatively and his
conscience accuses him Of neglect. let
him be assured that his pocket d SUI
fering Just a. much - Els stock ase.
and that. moreover. his conduct Is lust
- inhuman - II he prodded his spt
mails with . fork or beat them VIII
elabs.-M r Times.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
A PEDESTRIAN WONDER.
Tho Remarkable Walking Feats Performed
by . Norwegian Sailor.

The Remarkable Walking Feats Performed
by . Norwegian Sailor.
The pedestrian feats of the present
day are cast into the shade by the re-
corded exploits of Ernst Mensen. a
Norwegian sailor in the English navy.
early in the present century. Monsen
first attracted attention by running from
London to Portsmouth in nine hours,
and soon after he ran from London to
Liverpool in th~irty-nine hours. Having
distinguished himself at the battle Of
Navarino in 1927, he left the navy and
became a professional runner. After
winning a number of matches he UNDER
took the feat of running from Paris to
Moscow. Starting from the Place Ven-
dome at four o'clock in the afternoon
of juno II, 1881, he entered the Krcm.
lin at ten o'clock a. NJ, on June 25.
having accomplished the distance of
1,760 miles in thirteen days and eigh-
teen hours. The employment of Men,
sen As a courier extraordinary became
a popular amusement in European
courts. He a from country to cOun-
try, bearing messages Of c%ongratula-
tons, coincidence or dispatches. and
always beat mounted couriers when
matched against them. He never walked
but invariably ran. his r%efreshment be-
ing biscuit and raspberry syrup. He
took two short rests only in the twenty
four hours. These rests he took stand
ing and leaning against some support;
at such times he covered his face with
. handkerchief and slept. In 1886.
while in the employ of the East India
company, Mensen was charged with
the conveying Of dispatches from CAL
cutta to Constantinople. through Gen.
trail Asia. The distance is 5,615 miles.
which the messenger accomplished in
ffty-nine days, or in one-third of the
time taken by the swiftest caravan. At
last he was employed to discover the
source of the Nile. Setting out from
Silesia on May IL. 184S, he ran to Jeru-
salem. and thence to Cairo and
up the western bank of the river
into Upper Egypt. Here, just outside
the village of Syang, he was seen to
to stop and rest, leaning against a palm
tree, his face covered with q handker-
chief. He rested SO long that some per-
son tried to wake him, but they tried
in vain, for he was dead. He was
buried at the foot of the tree, and it
was years before his friends in Europe
knew what fate had befallen him.-M
I. Clipper.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
A o

Nj. A. Martin, the Gre1tea1 M1thematicfan
In America.
The Librarian of the United States
Coast and Geodetic Survey is an odd
sort of person. The only name hc per-
sonally cares anything about Is Artc.
mas Martin, but he has a half dozen
prefixes and sufixes all given him by
learned societies. Mr.. Martin Is one Of
the first mathcmaticians in the world.
The problems of Calculus are to him
mere child's play. Nothing short Of
mathematical scphistries of the most
abstruse and impractical sort have any
fascination for him. Oddly enough.
Mr.. Martin was, until his appointment
in tho United States Government ser
vice, a market gardener. He owned q
small piece of land on the south shore
of Lake Erie, within a half-dozen miles
of the city of Erie, which he titled,
raising mostly kitchen truck for tho
city market. Twice every week he was
to DO found in his stall. as little known
to his customersO or people of the city as
was the vcnder of poultry or the seller
of beads and buttons in the neighbor-
ing stalls. One day it was announced
in the telcgraphic news in the papers
that a Mr.. A. Martin, of Eric, Pa. had
been elected an honorary member of
one of the leading learned societies of
Great Britain, the Royal Mathematical
or something of that sort, l have for
gotten just now what. Everybody said:
"Who's Martini" ''Have we any such
distinguished individual in our midstp"
No one seemed to know. A few days
later the University of Michigan con-
ferred the degree of Master of Arts
upon Mr.. A. Martin, of Erie, Pa.
Here was a fresh bit of news. Well.
after awhile this learned but mystcri-
Gus man was discovered in the person
Of the gardener who tended a stall in
the city market. A man of perhaps
fOrty-fivc, no was tail and ungainly,
dressed as became his calling. looking
as little like a fellow of a royal British
society as like British royalty itself.
But fame made no change in tho APP
Trarancc or occupation of the market
gardener. He continued to tend his
stall-and study. too.4 suppose-as be-
fore, dropping tho former only when
appointed a few months ago to the
Government position for which he is 50
eminently QUALIFICATION. Detroit Free
Press.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

Its Discoveries In Regard to Mans Senses
and Constitution.
The experiments which have been
and are being made in Germany and
in this country on the five senses show
that there is no especial apparatus for
each in the human system. It has
been proven that touch, for example,
is not a function of the skin solely, as
heretofore believed, but is an organize
ton which works out its wonderful
results through distinctly created ma
chinery. This machinery registers
the minutest pressure and the slightest
alteration in temperature. Scientists
demonstrate that there are distributed
spots on the skin which are cold and
hot, and that there are places interme-
date between these OSCILLATIONS which
arc insensible both to pain and to cold.
These epidermal spots are unequally
distributed over varieties of human
bodies, but are to be found in such size
and localities as r best adapted to
the wants of an individual; and further,
that they peculiarly differ in their dis
tribution on the body Of the same per-
son. 1t is stated. too, that the places
intermediate between the cold and heat
spots may be pierced with a sharp in
strument without producing pain. All
feeling. of course, proceeds from the
brain, the apparatus of touch being but
a register in given localities Of the
human organism. A gentle pressure
on the hidden springs Of the machinery
is at once telegfaphed to the brain, and
the answer is sensation p~leasurable or
painful. Another discovery has been
made, and it is that the whole of the
csophagus is alive to temperature, thus
evincing that the apparatus of touch is
made sensitive even there by the at
mospheric pressure. In fact. if the
hidden organs could be reached, it
would be seen that the organ Of feeling
v~ariously operates upon them. 1t is no
longer c~onjectured that the entire
surface of the body breathes. and
German scientists 60 SO far as to
say that in the experiments touch
ing the five enses they indicate
the external covering of the human
body as the primeval and reliable source
OF knowledge of the external world"
and justify the belief that further re-
searches may ''shed more light on
some of the fundamental problems of
pscychical action and unfolding" That
Is going too far in the reputation of
the primary motor, mind. Neverthe-
less, the onward stride of science is
developing something wholly new in
regard to that '.~fearfnlly and wonder
fully made being, man, and the Gu
rioOs7part of it is that man himself is
becoming gradually but surely to attain
. knowledge of himself! Discoveries
as to touch and temperature are the
most recent of wonders, and the TWEEN
tieth part Of the mysteries of each have
not yet been developed.-M r. Aer-
eHyu.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
ne FOUND OUT.

How n InQu1sttivo Traveller Had Hh CufE
osity Satisfied.
When the train comes to q stop ON q
Suing Between the stations sometime
has goo tobe done. The veteran rad-
road traveller either pulls out a news
paper or settles down for . cat-nap,
ad the responsibility Of finding why
the train b standing here instead Il
laundering along twenty miles away
devoives upon Farmer Davis. HI.
Dsvs got Oh two stations below, and
b going ehree stations beyond. He
wss at the depot Just aq hour and q
half before tfain time. and he spent the
long interval in reading railroad adver-
tssements and walking up and down
the platform. He didn't ask the sta-
ton master If the train was on time
over twenty times, which was letting
him down very easy.
Now that the train has come to q
standstill without just cause OF provo
cation something should be done. In
deed. something shah be done, and MI.
Davis is the man to do it. He throws
up his window. crawls ont as far as he
Gin, and looks up and down tho trim.
He ees nothing to alarm. and nothing
to indicate the cause of delay.
mighty singular, isn't itp" he
queries of the MAN behind him as he
draws in his head.
Eyes"
Ever known = train to stop this way
beforeP"
"Never."
"Some m ought to find out tho II
of it, hadn't theye"
"SOme n certainly had"
"Wen. I'll 90 out and look around a
little. If they've come to 4 stop A.
purpose TO let onl other train run into
Us I want to know it,"
The farmer goes out and walks down
to the real Of tho train, but nothing il
in sight. Then hs heads about for the
locomotive. When he reaches it he
finds the fireman Oiling up and the n
gineer smoking. He can't sec that
there is a single wheel missing-nOt a
one. The c~Ow-catcher is in its accus-
toned positiOn-smOke-stack, cab and
tender are seemingly all right, and
UiiASt USSiuS " Accl lntiSINIlt.
whats the matter?" he demands.
as he looks the engineer square in the
eye.
The engineer looks down upon him
as calm and placid ~ a June morning,
but has no reply.
"Anythfmg give outP"
No reply.
The fireman is next appealed to, but
II Mr. Davis was ten thousand miles
away that fireman could not have been
More Oblivious Of hts existence.
''Now you look a-hcre!" says the
farmer, as he advances q foot nearer.
Il want to know why in Tophet this
ere train is fooling around here aIolgc
side Of this swamp instead of tending
to biznessP Mebbc you've got time to
fool away, but 1 haven't!"
Neither tile engineer nor fireman
looked at him. He thought Of climb
ing into the cab and waking them UP,
but gave up the IDEA on second
thought, and returned to Rfs seat in
the car. just as he reached il the CHI
cago cxpr.cse cspie rushing past. and IN
half q minute his " train moved on.
"Why, they must a-been waiting for
that trainr he said TO the man behind
him.
"Oh. certainly"
':And you knew IL all the timer
"Of COURSE"
"Then, SIR. I want to say that you
arc q piZcn-mean man not to tell me of
il, and 1 wouldn't sell you Eaters Il
you offered four dollars per bushel!''-
Detroit Free Press.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
Tho Latest Society Whim.

The latest craze which has struck
the Washington belle is the carrying
OF canes. A few weeks ago a young
leader in society returned from En-
gland, and the next day she surprised
her friends by appearing on the streets
with . cane. 1t wasn't the ordinary
dude cane, but a nice little stick with a
shepherds crook of hammered silver.
Sometimes she swung it and at other
times she struck the ground with q
sharp rap. There is no question that
this created q sensation, but there is q
great deal of difference of opinion 40
to whether the craze will strike in or
not. So far not more than half a dozen
girls have mustered up courage enough
70 appear on the street with canes.
The probabilities are that the craze
will not extend to that point where it
will seriously interfere with the ordi-
nary everyday happiness of the mod
ern dude ashiNgon Letter.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

nnnn nm la presents g1reM army.
XyIui Send us ) cents postage,
V0UO3UUU and by mail you will get
free a package of goods OF large value.
that will start YOU in work that will at
once bring you in money faster than any,
thing else in America. All about the
10000 III presents with each box.
Agents wanted everywhere, of either
sex, of all ages, for all the time. or spare
time only. 10 work for us at their own
homes. Fortunes for all workers ab-
solutely assured. Don't delay. Ii. HAL
FIT & Co., Portland, Maine.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

The Hawaiian Gazette says the M
tives of the Sandwich Islands have
''only just reached a higher civilization
than poi. the. national dish, and if the
Cinnamon come into the islands all that
has been gained will be lost" Then
by all means let Chinese immigration
into the Sandwich Islands be prohib-
tied. When . people have reached q
higher civilization than ''poi" they
should be assisted and encouraged in
their great and glorious advancement.
But what a ridiculous way to spell pie.
-N0ryist0sCn Heruh,
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

The Supreme Court Of Massachu-
sets has decided that the word guest
rs defined by the public statutes under
tho license law, is limited to persons
who resort to an inn for food and lode-
ing, and clearly excludes those WHO
resort there for the purpose.of procup-
ing and drinking intoxicating liquor.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17
Quite . Novelty In His Way.

The wife of q New York cashier
remarked at the supper table:
Have you read the late novel by
Wilkie Collinsp"
Haven't read it."
well, there is a cashier of a bank
n it just like you. He is honest and
faithful, and does not run off with his
employers money.
That's the way it is with those
novelists. They are SO unnatural .nd
improbable in their descriptions II
Wen."-M T. HeraLd.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

The London Lancet says that chill.
dren who = allowed to 60 barefooted
enjoy almost perfect immunity from the
danger of ''cold" by accidental chill
ing Of the feet, and they r altogether
healthier and happier than those who.
In obediepce to the usages Of social
HE. wear 1hoes and stock3ngs.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

Society spends nearly all of it's
time not devoted to eating and dress
in discussing what somebody not in 60
eiesy is doing or has already DONE
AiSddelphia Times.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

"A nicely sharpened lead pencil IS
the only thing in creation that defies
the law of gTavitation. The lighter
end always strikes the floor first
Burlington w. Free Press.
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

"1N more money than at anything
wv else by taking an agency for
w AAs the best selling book out. Be-
ginners succeed grandly. None full.
Terms free. HALLKrr Book Co, Port
land, Maine. 4-32-y
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

The average price paid . school
teacher in this country is four hundred
dbJlass. And yet some people complain
b>oanee schOOlmistresses are not =.
w1ys professional beaatiss.-M i
MkAnki6
The Columbus journal., 1886-03-17

An artists chance for drawing .
turkey u . rattle Is no better than any.