Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1886-06-30
THE OFFICE OF CARDINAL.
How the senate OF the Church of Rome
- Chosen.

THE OFFICIAL DRESS or A cARDISAL-THE
PoxTIFIoAL HAT CONFERRED ONLY BY THE
PoPE-cUsToas AND TRADITIONS RELATING
TO THE OFFICE.
II has been written, says the New York World
that there were cardinals of the Church Of Rome
In the eighth century, but in those days they
did not comprise the senate of the church-its
chief rulers-from which the pope Is elected as
they do now. II was Paul ~. who constituted
the Roman cardinals the permanent senate OF
the church in the sixteenth century.
There has been much speculation on the
meaning of the word cardinal" Ia Latin 1t
means a .'hinge;" but some incline To the opin-
lon that its derivation IS due to caer, or car
from the Celtic, meaning town. and deoH-ai, u
hesd-deacOn--t. p, the town aTch-deacOn-
The cardinals had their origin in the region
airy deacons" (rso, deaeonil OF Italy, who, in the
early centuries of Christianity had charge of
the poor of Rome-Of all towns and Cities
Sextus v, $3.50 fixed the nun Der at seventy
the number of the disc pes-nameiy, six cardi-
burban OF tue Eternal City, viz, Ostia. Vel
letri, Porta. santa, Rafina, Albano, Palestrina.
Sabina; fifty learned priests, VINO take their !l
tular churches" over which they have lurls.
dietion, and fourteen cardinal deacons. who
are placed over churches called deaconries.
This completes the sacred college of cardinals.
North OF the Rhone the title OF cardinal was
applied 10 every ecciesiast cal functionary
.clertcus carfiindits) OF the principal churches,
aud also used 10 designate the highest dig
nifty in Rome next To that OF pope, but even
then IL was given TO favOrites in certain
churches-to the tituIar functiouaries. Paul ~
restricted the use ol the TITLE; Sextus fixed
the number.
orders oil the Catholic hierarchy, excepting the
suburban diOceses referred to. All the cardi-
mails are only cardinal priests and deacons. 1t
would be almost Impossible for any one to be u
cardinal bishop who did not permanently re-
side at Rome For instance Archbishop Glib
Al nj
Roman Apostolic Catholic church. and arch
bishop OF Baltimore. ~ the late Cardinal Nc
Closkey was of New York.
THE OFFICIAL DRESS.
The official dress OF "A cardinal, that is to say,
when ne attends st. Peters, when the pope
saws mass or visits the church from which he
takes his tite is cassock. scarlet; rochet- lace;
cappa magnee, scarlet; mOzzetta, scarlet;
Inante,etta scarlet; zUchetto, berretta and cap
peilo scarlet.
The cassock is the same as worn by any priest.
excepting the color. The lOcket Is much the
same. The cGppd n1dgna-or great cloak-is only
worn on state occasions and the principal festi-
walls. II has n long train OF from SIX 10 twelve
feet When extended it is held by young men
or boys VINO called candatOrii-traln bear
ers. When the ceremony Is over the tram
bearer tvirls the train round and round into a
coil, and il is hooked under the lett arm oil The
Cardinal q,
IS accompanied also by his esquire iii civil
dress, with Il CLOAK and sword
The cappa magma is made of fine wool for
winter and silk Tor summer. 1t Is not worn
with the manteEetid Bt0zzettd- The latter Is the
robe of authority or jurisdiction. The former
Is worn 1T any time outside OF the cardinal ;
Jurisdiction. There is another kind OF H,OzzeLd
or cane made of ermIne, which l. worn at
Rome BY ali prelateS during tine winter.
The mobility of England on solemn occasions,
when they don their coronets, wear a cape OF
ermine, similar in shape 10 the mozzetta OF The
Roman preiate =,
tonsure circle The pOPe's l. white, the cardi-
nails red, the bishops purple and the priest
black They are not used in this country, be-
cauSe the tonsure is not observed here.
The presentation 10 u cardinal of tie insignia
OF his office never take place i'll Protestant
or non-Cathoiic county by tle oiiiciai IN
sigma is meant the hat and the ring OF sapphire
Set in gold.
When a person whose name is prominent in
the consistoFy is not in Rome, member of the
pope's body guard Is dispatched 10 notify him
BY letter, which Is always in Latin. ana by the
presentation of a skull cap or zuchetto. When
living at "A great distance from Rome the guard
Is accom- panted by a monssDOre connected
with the propaganda college, who Is charged 10
present the berretta. His selection is carefully
made. When notified TO prepare tor his mis-
sion and receive his Instructions from the car
dinal project of the propaganda, he makes
preparations 10 be received oy the pope. This
lakes place at any time that may suit the pom
tiff Soon the interview Is over the mon
signore and the soIdier-hearer oil the Zuchetto
set out immedIatel y-nOt u minute. not a sec
ond must they larry alter they leave the pope's
presence.
Is
the latter pope's messenger. Both are To be
received with respect and Hospitality enter
tanned wherever they may stay, and no one,
under the penalty OF severe censure, Il TO hinder
or delay then on their journey. Should any
accident infirmIty Overtake them they are
10 be carefully taken care oil ana their mishap
Instantly reported to the propaganda and the
cardinal secretary OF state
CARE FOR THE ABLEGATE.
That there may be no mistake about the care
and attention TO be bestowed upon the abiegste,
the letter from the pope 10 the cardinal-elect
charges the latter TO be Careful of him in the fol
would receive with all manner of kindness MIN
whom we have sent 10 you, both for the sake of
the mission upon whlcn ne Is SEMI ana loF our
sake
The person in the absence of the pope to place
the berretta upon the head OF the cardinal-elect
must be appointed for the purpose by the pope.
He is called the apostolic Iegate. The one Sc
Iected to confer the berretta on Archbishop
Gibbons Is the venerable archbishop of ST.
Louis Peter Richard kenrick, VINO was born in
the parish of 81. Nicholas Myra, Dublin. August
IT, 1So6. He was made a bishop in 1S4l and
became archbishop of st. Louis in 1917.
Besides the a0legate and apostolic legate,
there two others, namely, legate de LGteTe
and u tdtere- The nrst Is one sent from the
pope upon special mission into the
papal territory or TO a king or emperor. The
second Is the highest o! all, and Is rarely con-
ferreC, because he presldeS over councils as If
the pope we're present. In all he docs it is the
same as II dome by the pope in person
The temporal power betiig "a thing OF the past
and councils few and tar between, the de teJate
and is0ute are relics OF the past.
The officer undoubtedly held high rank in
the middle ages, but our age OF railroads., tele-
graphs and telephones i "a mortal enemy 10
the gewgavS OF rank unless earned aud made
Respondent by genius, great labor, moral in-
du>Lry. Shakespeare Was not unacquainted
with the Roma1 iegates, who have no ordinary
place in English history. He says:
Look where the holy IeSate comes apace
To give warrant from -he hand OF Heaven
There Is, however, "a Dlatter-of-iact side To the
affair which makes IL very gratifying TO the
Italian. The cardinal recipient, besides enter
tanning them MAKES "a present OF at least
l,0OU TO tn mousignOre, and about as much
more ID the mobile guard. This il exclusive of
all their expenses while in this country, which
are borne by the cardinal
Mgr. Roncetti, the bearer of the berretta to the
late Card nal McCIoskey eleven years ago. took
away in gifts over $4,000.
When the executive Of the country is Cath
Ollie II Is customary 10 send the red hat TO him
TO be presented 10 tine new cardinal. The sap
piIire ring set in gold must be placed ON The
cardinals finger by the pope In person.
There three cOn>iStorIes necessary to
make q cardinal. AT the Iirst the berrelta is
given; al the second the hat; at the third the
titles and ring.
Cardinals hats were first given by innocent,
~. N the thirteenth century "A sign that the
cardinals ~Oug lat tO be ever ready 10 shed their
blood ia defense OF the fdith, and 'ior the lib
erty of the Christian people"
COAT OF ARMS AND y CARRIAGE
A cardinal mast have a coat OF arms and
keep a carriage. lie is never To be seen on foot
At Rome or in his diocese If a bishop or arch
il eitheS one or the other. Cardinal deacons
"a invariably confined N