Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1886-02-04

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the yapor Is converted into c.,siBate
which passes through apipe to the ''re-
ceiving-room'' and the water sinks to
the bottom of the condenser, and is
withdrawn.
All distillate is sent to the receiving
room, where a separation is made ac-
cording to its density. ALI that is be-
low 60 degrees B. (Baume, standard
OF Density. and down to 40 degrees
B., is turned into 3 tank for kerosene
distiilates. The lighter portions, or the
earlier runs from the still. 90 into
naphtha, gasoline or benzine tanks,
while the heavier oils, below So de-
grees B., 60 into the manufacture OF
paratiine and lubricating Gil. The
lightest vapor is called ''rhigolene",
ranging from lis degrees to los de-
grees B.. though it and the second run
are usually turned into the naphtha
tanks. When saved it is used as an
an@sthetc. The next product is known
as ''cymogene" ranging from 1O5 de-
grees to 80 degrees B.. and is some
times used in ice-machines. Below
this is gaso!ene, 90 degrees to 80 de-
grses b., used largely in country
hofises for manufacturing gas. The
Park Avenue Hotel, New York, the
Grand Union, Saratoga, and the Hotel
kaaterskill are lighted by this kind of
gas. Next comes naphtha, so degrees
to 60 degrees B., which is extensively
used in South American towns for
street-lamp lighting. and in conjunction
with benzine, 65 degrees to GO degrees
B., as substitute for turpentine in
mixing varn.shes and paints. They
are also used as solvent to remove
stains and greas: and for cleaning
woods, and for this purpose are of
superior value.
Finally we come to that portion of
the distillate intended for kerosene. 1t
is relatively free from the obnoxious
and inflammable elements that char
acterized the earlier runs from the
stills, but it is necessary to subject it to
further treatment. This distillate,
therefore, is conveyed into still,
where live steam is injected into it, the
gentle heat driving off through pipe
q large proportion OF its remaining in
ilammablc ingredients. The method
Of one Of the leading manufactures in
producing their highest OF! is to in
troduce the oil in the lower part of
tank of water heated to q temperature
of 206 deg. F., or just below the boil
ing-point. The oil rises through the
water. and the vapor which is thus gen.
Grated is carried away; the remaining
portion of the improved distillate is
conveyed to a large tank called the
"a"itator".
In this agitator the disiillate is treat
ed with one and half to two per cent.
of sulphuric acid Meanwhile cur
rent of air is forced down tube sub
merged in the distillatc. The air es-
capes from perforations ct its lower
extremity, breaking up the acid into
minute particles or atoms. winch in
sures the closest commingling and adj
mixture Of the oil and acid. The
pitch which is held in suspension in
the distillate has greater affinity for
the sulphuric acid, and consequently
rent of air ceases. the acid in COM
bination with the pitch is prccipitated
TO the bottom and drawn of. The acid
acts as a scavenger, ''Swcetenin@" the
oil. 1t goes into the agitator as white
and clear as water, and comes out a
thick, black, and tarry substance,
known rs .'sludgcn or spent acid. This
sludge, which has very offensive
odor, is either dumped in deep ocean
or sent to Barren Island to be used in
the manufacture of artificial fertilizers.
The next process is to give the dis
tillate water bath, for which purpose
a large quantity of water is pumped to
the top of the agitator, and falling to
the bottom, cicanses its contents, re-
moving the light films of acid that may
attach to the oil globules. A solution
of caustic soda is next applied in like
manner to neutraliZe any remaining
traces of acid. and to complete the de-
odorization of the oil This distilIate
has now become refined oil, but to
Tighten and brighten its color it is uith-
drawn into settling pans, where it is
bleached from twelve to forly-eight
hours. 1t is then barreled or packed in
wood-incased tin cans. and made ready
for shipment to consumers at home or
abroad. George Il. Gibson, IN Hafper's
Mayazine.