davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
PRICE FIVE CENTS
SENATOR SIBERIAN
rendered . Rousing Reception in Column
@ bus Ohio.

Jus oAAAOs
COLUMBUS, OHIO, January IA. Senator
Sherman arrived from Washington over
the Baltimore s. Ohio road at o'clock this
afternoon and was met by a alegislatiye COM
mittee and escorted to the house Of repre-
sentatlves, where in the presence Of members
of both branches and a large audience Of
spectators he was formally welcomed in
an address by Hon. G. Washburn.4 Mr. Sher-
man replied in a lengthy speech, in which
he returned thanks for renewed honor and
confidence in him expressed by his re-elec-
ton to the Office of United States senator
from Ohio. In course of his re-
marks addressing himself to members Of
legislature, as a body, said The time has
arrived when both political parties should
address themselves to this question and
prevent fraudulent voting. AS for myself,
Icould never see why, in state affairs, pol
itics should be brought into play. 1t is
different with great national questions. In
state affairs you should be patriotic. regard
less Of political Affiliations, and regard this
Question. from the same standpoint. # is
apparent there ought to- be a general re-
vision of onr election laws. Ohio is the
Hidiy idy sSate t ~ .i,G oliao4 silat cillgs % me
nidad ,d 'laS he eos ;. ate 10y snc.ea 70 DC IL
CIV upon slilHis s distflcts ana smai Young
PIeclncGs; me occurrences Whlch nave
liMappS1m!ae:u nMp iecentiy shoula convince menof
" polIlcal oplll9ns InaC q raalcal cnange
sil shouid De maze. invite your attentlpn To-
Gne example nlp set Dy the grea5 ea5 state q New
were perpetrated by a man whose name
WI Mlll De I, repudiated Dy any party, Boss
Tweed, lnen twas tnat men OF both politl-
t,a "a II, paIIues Iu. WenI 10 Work ~ and reformed
t1as Gneir eiec1lon e:i laws; II u mad not been
a1ne none q CYL 1 war would nave been inevitable.
feIormatlon and 1t resulted In the best
eiectlon ae 40 laws n the world, In the dispute
last Iall over the election they awaited the
announcement natal OF the ofticial vote and the
matter was ended. One OF the distinguished
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
A Thrilling Experience.

NEW YORK, January IA. "A most dread
full accident was narrowly ayerted BY a.
quick witted engineer this morning. The
north bound express of the New York &
Long Island railroad was filled with prom
inent business men, coming to their Offices,
and when near Matawan, and just before
reaching a trestle bridge 500 feet long, the
cars We're deraiied by broken frog. The
cars, after dropping down on the ties, ran
across the bridge, Swapping the steel rails
into bits and tearing the wooden structure
into splinters. The rear coach lost its
trucks, and was drawn a long distance on
its floor beams. George Clickner, the en-
gineer, finding he could not stoph engine,
which was tearing along at a rate of thirty
miles an hour, saw the only hope was to
increase the speed. He threw open the
throttle, and thus prevented the cars from
topping over off the bridge. The ears
swayed from side to side. but We're safely
carried out OF danger. The passengers
were more or less shaken mp, but no body
was seriously injured. W II
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Purely Personal.

ST. PAUL, Jan. 12-Major Robert e.
Walker, a retired paymaster of the United
States army, a brother-iD-law of James G..
Blaine, and who was resident of St. Paul
twelve or fifteen years ago, but who is now
located in Helena, Montana, is in st. Paul,
and will report the carnival for the Helena
Herald. Major Walker is an old friend of
81. NJ. Rice. Mayor Rice, General Sibley
and other old settlers, and called on them
today.
Dennis Ryan was elected today president
of the Peoples bank. He is one of the
great financiers of the northwest, withal a
modest man, and the presidency of the Peo-
pies bank is but an incident of his busy
life, yet great thing for the bank and the
city %g
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Our Export Trade.

Z WASHINGTON, Jan. lS.-The chief of the
bureau of statistics reports that the total
values of exports of bread stuffs from the
United States during the month of Decem-
Der, 1885, and for the six and twelve months
ending December 81, 1885, as compared
with similar export during the correspond
ing period Of the preceding year was as
follows: 1885, December, $10,1l7,242; 1884,
S13,361,5 1,542. The six months ended Decem-
Der 81 1885, $52,99s, ,7SS; 1884, $40, s,700,5O7.
1885, 1929, Isl, ,260; 1884, S147, ,81S 4O3.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Runblings.

ST. PAUL, Jan. &c. w. Thompson has
gone to New York, and will make propo-
sition to the directors of the Northern Pa
cific next Thursday to build a coal road
from Billings to Bull Mountain. s
1t was reported today that j. j. Hill, had
bought the franchise of the Grand Forks,
Crookston & Lake Superior railroad. incor-
porated two years ago. &. @
Henry D. Minot, of Boston, the son of a
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy magnate,
has come to st Paul to reside, taking an Of
fic in the Manitoba building.
Representatives of all the lines interested
in Lake Superior traffic in Minnesota and
Wisconsin are in session at Chicago, trying
to agree on the Duluth and Chicago bust
ness. A proposition is pending to make
as from Chicago to st. Paul and Mime ap-
oils
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Two More Victims.

TOMBSTONE, ARIz, January Is. Frank
Leslie, the government scout who has been
accompanying Capt. Crawford's command.
has arrived here, and reports having en-
conntered, near Mud Springs. two couriers
of the 10th cavalry, who informed him that
trouble had occurred between an Indian
scout and the quartermaster, at Cave
Creek, twenty miles south of Bowie. The
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Possibility of Shortage of North
western Wheat Before the
Next Crop.
An Indian Scouts Mode Of Securing
a More Liberal Allowance
of Bread.
The Next Territorial Fair Will be
Held in Huron-News in E
Brief.
The Fargo Convention.

FARGO, Jan. 13-The first fight in the
convention was precipitated this forenoon
by majority and minority reports on pro-
gramme. The majority report favored re-
versing the order of the programme as laid
down in the call, placing division first. The
minority report, which, it is understood,
represents the wishes of those favoring di-
vision on the forty-sixth parallel, favored
following out the order OF exercises as laid
down in the call. After warm debate the
majority report was carried. The vote for
division came from the counties of
Central and North Dakota: those opposed
from the Missouri river counties and
central Dakota counties and northern
frontier counties. The question of division
now comes up on the last day. The report
of the committee on permanent organiza-
ton was opposed by Root, of Valley City,
on the ground that the nominee for chair
man, r. E. Wallace, favored division on the
forty-sixth parallel. A rather warm debate
followed, in the course of which it was
charged that the committee had already
been made up by Wallace. This was an
grily repelled by his friends, and the COM
mittee was finally adopted, making a
permanent organization of the convention
as follows: For permanent chair
man, r. E. Wallace, of Stuttsman
county. Vice presidents j. P. Bray, of
Grand Forks county; W. H. White, of RAM
son; Martin Ryan, of Cass; NJ. G. Wing,
of Barnes; H. D. Fruit, of Nelson. Secre-
taries: Henry Dickey, of Dickey county;
E. j. Smith, of Trail; G. s. Montgomery, Of
Sargent. A number or resolutions We're
offered and referred without debate, after
which the convention took recess till 2:SO
p. m. Chairman Wallace thinks he will
have the committees ready to report at the
session this afternoon, and session will
also be held this evening, but it is doubtful
if any committees are ready to report be-
fore morning.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Another Rate War.

CHICAGO, Jan. 12-Reliable information
was received this evening to the effect that
the Baltimore & Ohio railway had decided
to extend the field Of operations of the pres
ent rate war to Chicago, and probably to
st. Louis. The warfare was inaugurated
in New York City couple of days ago,
when the Baltimore & Ohio, in order to
compel recognition from other trunk lines,
cut fare to Chicago from $40 to $15, doing
this by purchasing tickets for its patrons
at full rates from New York to Baltimore
ing rates from that city to Chicago to suf-
ficient extent to bring the total fare down
to $15.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Minnesota Masons.

ST. PAUL, January 12-The grand lodge
OF Minnesota, A. F. and A. NJ, Is now hold
ing its annual cOnclave in this city. Over
120 lodges are represented. This morning
the grand lodge met to hear the address Of
the grand master, after which an adjourn
ment was taken till 80 this evening. The
row, and the business coming up may oc-
cupy the attention Of the body until Thurs
day. -a :s- g. F.. .9 1a..0"
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Served Him Right.

MINNEAPoLIs, January 12.-E. A. Camp
bell, of Minneapolis, will go to Michigan
City, Oak, the last of the month, to defend
Jonas Wheeler, of Litchfeld, Mimi, charged
with the murder of man in the Pillsbury
elevator at the former place, last fall.
Wheeler was watchman in the elevator,
and noticed man lurking in the building
at night. He ordered him to leave, but the
man persisted in staying, and during fur
ther trouble with him, Wheeler shot him.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
A Possible Shortage in Wheat.

MINNEAPOLIS, Jan. ia statement is
made of the amount of wheat, marketed. in
store, and yet in the farmers hands, in Da-
kota and Minnesota, compiled from reports
from 200 elevators and warehouses in this
state and Dakota territory. From the best
information obtainable, the wheat crop of
Minnesota and Dakota for 1885 was 55,OOO,-
600 bushels. The crop in the state and ter
ritory in 1884 was 6S,OOO,OOO bushels. There
was marketed at all stations, in the north
west, in 1885, 47,0O0,00O bushels in round
numbers. There has been marketed this
year 35,0O0.O00 bushels. There is now in
store in country elevators, out side of st.
Paul, Minneapolis and Duluth, 1885, 600
bushels. About Il, 100000 bushels may be
allowed as remaining in the hands Of the
This would leave only 1000, 600 bushels the
hands Of the farmers for sale. This,with the
100000 bushels in country elevators, make
only 15,OO0O00 bushels yet to be placed on
the market in Minnesota and Dakota, an
amount much smaller than has generally
surplus, and if the mills continue making
-four at the rate of last year there will be a
shortage before the new crop comes in.
The estimates show that farmers in the
western part of this state and the territory,
where the bulk of wheat is raised, have
freely disposed of their crop, while those in
the sOuthren part have been very slow to
sell. The total available stock for milling
and shipping is 27,734,782 bushels, but as q
large amount of this has been sold for ship
ment eastward. there can only be the 49,
100000 above estimated for use by the mills
until the new crop comes in. The mills in
Minneapolis alone used this amount last
year from January 1st to September 1st,
and mills outside the state and territory
use as much more. ,s$
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
An EnbezzIer

WASHINGTON, January 13.-The treas
ury department is informed that Norman
H. Camp, formerly assayer in charge of the
assay Office at Boise City, Idaho, who was
removed i'll April last, has been convicted
Of embezzling $12,507 of the funds of that
ment and to pay fine of $4,000. The de-
partment Of justice has instituted proceed
ings to recover the deficit in his account
from his bondsmen, who are residents of
Boise City. .-.r ~
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Suicide.

HASTINGS, MINI, January 14-Michael
Fischer, a gunsmith, committed suicide this
morning. He was 6Oyears old, settled here
in 1856, and was one of the oldest and most
respected citizens. He had been ill but a
day or so. After eating his breakfast this
morning he shot himself in the temple with
50 calibre revolver. His wife died little
over two years ago, and since he has been
of somewhat melancholy disposition. .
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Cotopaxi Throwing Up.

GUAYAQUM, January 14.--Serious vol
canic disturbances have occurred within
the last few days. There h ave been at diff
ferent places showers of earth and ashes.
accompanied by loud rumbling. Cotopaxi
volcano is supposed to be in eruption. The
real state of the mountain is unknown.
owing to the interruption of government
telegraphs. Slight shocks Of earthquake
have been felt
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
A Test Case.

YANKToN, Jan. 13-In the district court
today verdict of conviction was rendered
against w. III. Conry, who was indicted for
practicing medicine without license. This
is a test case brought by the county board
to test the validity Of the laws.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
John Sherman Elected.

COLUMBUS, Ohio, Jan. 13.-The senate
and house met in joint convention at noon
today and elected John Sherman to the
United States senate. Sherman received
81 votes and Allen G. Thurman 82 votes.
Seventy-four votes were requisite to an
election.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
silver and Paper.

( WASHINGTON, Jan. 12.-Senator Leland
Stanford, of California. in conversation on
the general subject OF national finance,
and of paper as the bankers money.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
safe Blown.

ATLANTA, GA, Jan. 13.-Early this fore
noon burglars blew open the safe of L.
Cohen & Co., wholesale liquor dealers, and
stole S2O00. 7Ts&ais EE3EAs 's5 ar
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Accused of Forgery.

! ST. PAUL, Jan. 13-Henry Vernon, ar
rested at MOorhead for forgery committed
here last summer, was brought here for
trial today.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Huron Gets the Fair.

ST. PAUL, Jan. 13.-Aberdeen special to
the Pioneer Press: Huron has been agreed
upon as the place Of holding the next terri
toriai fair.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Northern Pacific Lands.

New YORK, Jan. 12.-The following let
teris made public: @
NORTHERN PACIFIC R. r. COMPANY,
PRESIDENTS OFFICE,
New YORK, January IL.
To the Bond Holders and Stock Holders of
the Northern Pacific Railroad Com
1t is publicly stated that Commissioner
Sparks, of the general land Office. has rem
dered q decision to the effect that this COM
pany has no grant Of lands for its road be-
tween the Columbia river and Puget
sound. There is no foundation, in law or
reason, Tor such decision. Appeal will at
once be taken to the secretary Of the inter-
ior, and if necessary the company will re-
sort to the courts to maintain it's rights.
Neither you or purchasers of land of this
company need entertain the slightest ap-
prehensiOn as to the result.
ROBERT HARRIS, President.
United We stand Divided We Can stand.
FARGO, January l2. The convention was
called to order at IL O'clock, with about one
half the delegates entitled to seats present.
The bad condition of the roads accounts
for some absentees, and others will arrive
this evening in time for the first working
day OF the convention. The Honorable W.
M. Potter, of La Moure county, was chosen
temporary chairman. with W. III. Burke, of
jamestown secretary. On motion a COM
mittee of seven on credentials wasIappoint-
ed. A motion for committee of three on
permanent organization was voted down,
as was also a motion for committee of
seven on nprogramme. The convention then
took a recess until 3 p. m.
Theconvention, SO far, appears too even
ly divided to predict its course on the
question of division. The Central Dakota
contingent here is strongly anti-division.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
Killed by an Engine.

SALTWATER, MINI, January lS.-At 8
o'clock this morning Barney Davlin, of this
city, while walking on the Omaha track at
Oakdale, was struck by a locomotive and
killed. He was a laborer, single and IS
years of age.
Bismarck weekly tribune. [volume] (Bismarck, Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1943, 1886-01-15
j GONE THE SAME WAY.

z ST. PETER. MINI, January 9.-Fritz Es-
cher, German batchelor, about S6 years of
age, was run over last night, it is supposed
by the 9o'clock passenger train going south
on the Omaha road. Both legs were cut
off and he was bruised about the face
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
Sherman and the Press


New York, Feb. 16-The Tribune
says: Gen. Sherman has remained here
since Gen. Hancock's funeral, but will
return to st. Louis to-day.
The publication in the Sun regarding
the condition of the confedeacy when
Sherman offered johnson terms of capt.
tnlatIon which, it is said, would have
left the south in possession of Its slaves
and the states in the hands of existing
governments, has caused considerable
talk. The Tribune reporter asked the
general about it yesterday and he re-
plred: II haven't seen the article, al
though my attention has been called to
it. l shall not read it. The tyranny OF
tile press in this country is simply appal.
ling. 1t is worse than the old
tyranny of the shareholders. 1t
Will aus o worse revolution
than slavery did. 1t will not be blood
less either. Why the gossips of the
| press have destroyed the social freedom
of intercourse. It has made men afraid
of their nelghbors. H. has led to q gem
eral suspicion and dlstrust. No man
car open his mouth any more and be
sure that his confidence will be respect
ed. No man can write to his %acquain-
lance and be sure that hls letter Will not
appear in print. There is no comfort
left in the land. I am old and cannot
be hurt by this condition of things, but
1t will be the bane of the rising genera
ton, and they will be obliged to rebel
against it. There will be some sort of
trouble and then the country will settle
down for q while. 1t seems as though
the man who serves his country most is
the target of the greatest amount of
abuse from the press."
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
4 Nlurderous aranlnc.

Bloomington, H., Feb. 19-David
Sholty, the maniac who last night fred
a barn and shot two persons, was sup
posed to have escaped to the timber, bat
this morning the charred body of the
lunatic was found in the smoking ashes,
with his revolver and gun beside it. His
brother, Levi Sholty, is unhurt, the re-
volver ball lodging in his clothing. Mrs.
Sholty received thirteen wounds in the
back from a gun charged with missiles
ranging from bird shot to rifle balls. She
will die. Her daughter received a bullet
in tho arm from the same shot. The
barn cost $1,000 and was full of hay and
grain. Insurance S $4,000.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19

Trans-COntinentaI Rates Reduced.
Chicago, Feb. 19-All Chicago rail-
roads having trans-continental con-
nection are booking passengers to San
Francisco, at the following figures:
First class, unlimited, 5000.
First class. limited, $60.40.
Second class, emigrant limited, $32.
This is a reduction of about $35 on
first class rates. Rates to Portland and
California, over the Northern Pacific re-
main unchanged, no reductions having
been announced.
A prominent railroad Official, in com
menting on the situation this morning,
SAID the action of the Pacific road in
announcing the sale of unlimited tickets
at a reduced rate meant that the old
tariff would probably never again be
restored, as the present rate allowed
them nearly three cents o mile, which
was an equitable return for SO long q
| haul.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19

Attention comrades.

There will be o regular inspection Of
Phil Kearney Post No 7 G. A.. r. thi.
evening at Grand Army hall by Com
rade a. G. Kevee, who has been duly APP
pointed by orders received from head
quarters 6. A. r. to peform said duty,
The comrades are all earnestly request
cd to be present. By order of
w. H. CARR, Commander.
E. +. ENaIIsE, Adis.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
Watterson Improyine,

Louisville, Feb. l9-Henry Waiter.
sons condition this morning is reported
improved. He had an exceedingly quiet
and restful night. This morning his
intelligence is at times clear for a few
seconds then wandering. His tempera-
ture has fallen to 80 and pulse to 96.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
Dominion LIQUOR Licenses

Toronto, Feb. l9-The government
has decided to raise the price Of liquor
licenses and has fixed the following
scale: In cities of over twenty thous.
and inhabitants, $3.50; under twenty
thousand, $500; towns, 500; villages,
$3.50, townships, 800. Saloon licenses
in the cities will be $500 and in towns
$3.50.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19

Allow a cough to run until it gets be-
yond the reach Of medicine. They often
cay, Oh il will wear away, but in most
CAGES it wears them away. Could they be
induced to try the successful medicine
called Kemp's Balsam, which we sell on a
positive guarantee to cure, they would
immediately see the excellent effect after
taking the frat dose. Price fifty cents and
Sl,0O. Trial size free. Ralph NJ. Ward
irigpist.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
John R. Gourh bead.

Philadelphia, Feb.I9-John B. Cough
died early last evening at the residence
of DR.. r. Bruce Burns, in frankfort,
where he was taken IN Monday night
when stricken with paralysis while
lecturing at the Frankiurd Presbyterian
church
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
Nop-Partisan Election Boards

Columbus, Feb. 1s-The legislature
passed a bill to-day creating non-partisan
boards of election in Cincinnati, Cleve-
land, Toledo and Columbus. The prin-
cipal duties of the boards are to select
judges and clerks of election.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
News About Town.

Il is the current report about town tha9
Kemp's Balsam for the Throat and Lungs
is making some remarkable cure with PEG,
fls who are troubled with Coughs, Asthma
bronchitis, and Consumption, Ralph NJ
Ward will give any person a trial bottle
fee from cost. II is guaranteed 10 relieve
and cure. Price fifty cents and 81.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
Gold shipn,ent.

New York, Feb. 19-Seyen hundred
and fifty thousand dollars in gold bars
has been engaged for shipment to-mor-
row.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19
FOREIGN.
A SIN a

Lisbon, Feb. 19-The ministry have
resigned. The king has summoned the
progressionlsts to form a new cabinet.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19

Sleepless Nights, made miserable by
that terrible cough. Shiloh's Cure is
HE remedy for you. Sold by Purdy &
Brecnt.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19

Shilnh's Cough and Consumption Cure
is sold by us on q guarantee. 1t cures
consumption. Sold > Purdy & Brecht.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1886-02-19

That Hacking Cough can be SO
quickly cured by Shiloh's Cure. We
guarantee il. Sold by Purdy & Brecht.