The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1886-10-08

A Few Important Points to Be Observed
in Order to Succeed Well.
1. Secure good outlet for the water
to flow off freely.
2. Lay the main drains from three
to four feet deep-the latter depth is
better than the less, but we can't al
ways get the outlet to begin so deep.
Ii the fall is sufficient, we can save it,
and soon have the necessary depth.
3. We should use a size of tile large
enough to remove the surplus water so
as to have the surface ready for the
pillow in twenty four hours after rain
fall. have generally determined the
sizes of tile about as follows: [ look
over the land and estimate about how
many acres of the surface will run the
water of a rainfall to the point where |
am going to make my outlet. If the
estimate is that the water of ten acres
is to go through my outlet, l take half
the number of acres as the size in
inches for the inside diameter of my
tile, which would be five-inch tile at
the outlet, and smaller sizes i'll proper
tiona the line of tils advances, de-
pending upon how the water is re-
ceiyed. But if the fall is as much as an
inch to the rod, and the work we'll
done, then | would use a four-inch tile
at the outlet, and third of the way up
the drain drop off to three's, and near
the head of the drain use two S if
could get them. But we must make
allowance for imperfect work, and it is
well to have the tile large enough,
There are more mistakes from the use
of tile too small than of tile too large
4. In laying out the line of the drain
l make it as straight as | can to secure
the most direct flow of the water.
Then | stretch line of two or three
rods in length at the side of the intend
ed ditch, and begin the work with
sixteen-inch ditching spade at the out
let and work back, going the spades
depth, throwing the dirt on one side.
The width of the ditch at the top
should not ordinarily be more than ten
inches, growing narrower as we 90
down. / use an adjustable scoop to
remove the loose dirt that fails to stick
to the ditching spade. Iwork back
the length of the line the first spade,
then 90 forward and commence anoth-
Ell spade of depth, and carry that back
the length of the line, and then the last
spade | work down deep enough to
make the grade, leveling the bottom
with my adjustable scoop.
5. The leveling of the bottom to re-
ceive the tile is the important part of
the work. If there is waterin the bot
tom of the ditch, make the bottom
so uniform in the fall that the water
will flow regularly all the length COM
pleted. The ditch at the bottom
should be just wide enough to receive
the size of tile to be laid, then the tile
will be supported by the side and not
easily moved when the first dirt is
thrown on.
In this way | work out the drain
lines length at the time until | have
gone over sufficient space to make it
necessary to lay the tile, unless there
is quicksand. when lay the tile as /
60.
6. In laying the lie, commence at
the outlet; lay the first Joints of hard
burnt tile so they will not be injured
by the frost lay few cobble stones
as large as my head around the mouth OF
the tile. to hold it firmly and protect it
from the tramping of stock. As soon
as get two or three joints laid stand
on them and lay the next joint, placing
the tile as closely end to end as | can,
and as perfectly in line as possible, to
have the waterway inside free from
shoulders, also having the grade regu-
lar. When have advanced five or six
feet. | have a long-handled shovel Cor
the adjustable scoop will do) and fill in
some clay on the tile, pressing it down
firmly with my foot, watching carefully
that the tile are not displaced. HaY-
ing covered the tile in this way, I fill
the balance of the ditch with pillow or
scraper
When the days work is done and
the ditch is not finished, | put in a
board at the upper end to prevent the
dirt washing into the drain during the
night from any accumulation of water
In the way named | go on with the
work until lay as much as ] can for
the present, then secure the upper
ends and drive a stake, so if / should
want to run the drain further / will
know where to commence. And ]
generally do want to 60 further. -.
B. Mo1ons IN Drainage and Farm Jour
aGl.