davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
PALMS.

No plants have increased in popularity
more rapidly during the past few years,
than the stately and elegant Palms. For
years they were only to be found in bo-
tanica} collections, and in the gardens of
the affluent The cost Of the plants was
then great, and it was supposed they
could not be satisfactorily grown except
in lofty lighthouses. 1t is true that they
luxuriate in such places, and where space
is afforded. attain majestic dimensions,
but. admitting their grandeur when fully
developed, it is more pleas1lrable to know
that Palms can be well and attractively
grown by the million, and small, fresh,
graceful plants are seen almost every
wherein the buffets at railway stations,
on the stages in concert-halls in the cor
ridors and on the tables of hotels, in the
recesses of stair cases, in private houses,
on sideboards, tables, and in windows OF
the plant-loying community OF almost
every class of society-in a word, Palms
are room and domestic plants of the first
order of merit, and have to be grown by
the million TO meet the great demand for
them that now exists.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
AGRICULTURAL.
UPHOI sTERrYg 4 @rnW.sTAI,1,l

UPHOLSIERlNG n COY STALL.
A neighbor Of the New England
Farmer, who uses an old horse barn for
keeping his one COW, found that when the
thermometer indicated from 10 to go
degrees below zero, his COW stood shiver-
ing in her stall, even with an abundance
of good food to eat and warm water to
drink, and that the quantity of milk given
was also reduced below the usual flow.
Being ingenious as we'll as merciful he
went to work, with such material as he
could find at hand, to make his animal
more comfortable. The stalls were ten
feet high, the stable large, and the outside
boarding somewhat loose. III other word,
the ventilation was ablndantly provided
for. To recover the entire building was
out of the question: and even were the
outside fairly tight SO large a barn with
only single animal in it would still be
excessively cold with such a. temperature
outside. The better way seemed to be to
make small room for the COW, in which
tained. Accordingly, q single horse stall
was foored over with loose boards above
the COW, giving just room for the attendant
to stand This floor was then covered with
old hay and straw to the scatfold floor
above. The sides of the stall were made
tight by battens and stufIing, and the front
closed up with a door that could be opened
for putting in the food at feeling time.
At the rear, the supply Of boards having
been exhausted, old carpets sacking. etc.,
were hung in several thicknesses across
the stall from side to side, being tackled
securely to the staging above. The cow
was thus shut into a room but little more
than large enough to contain her with
comfort, and comfortable it was compared
to the large open space she had previously
occupied. Much might be done in this,
or other ways, to render farm stock more
comfortable and more profitable to keep
during these excessively cold spells. If
stables are tight, and not too large in pro-
portion to the number of animals, their
own bodies will warm the air sufficiently
for comfort. There is little occasion to
worry about ventilation when the tenn
perature gets below zero. The danger, in
nine cases out of ten, is in having too
much rather than too little.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
The Plumbers.

The executive committee Of Union
IS. International Association Of Jour-
neymen Plumbers, Steam Filters and
Gas Filters, Monday, visited a number
OF the master plumbers OF the city and
secured The signatures Of II. l.. Peter
son, G. II. IsueI, Jorgen & Kletzen,
Archibald Abercromby and &. Il.
Sykes & Co. to the following demands:
Flrst-That nine hours shall con-
s5itute days work for five days in the
week, and eight hours Oh Saturday.
Second-All journeymen plumbers
shall receive not less than $3.50 per
day, to ali men having worked five
years at the trade.
Third-All jobbing plumbers shall
receive not less than So per day for
those having worked three years at the
trade. other conditions same as jour-
sleymen.
Fourth--Gashtters conditions to be
the same in all respects as journeymen
plumbers with the exception Of wages,
which are to be not less than So per
day,
Fifti--Jobbing gas filters conditions
same rs jobbing plumbers, excepting
wages, which are to be not less than
So per day.
SiXth-That no union men shall work
III a shop where non-un1on men are en-
ploye3. ...
Seyenth--That plumbers will not be
allowed to do iron work, except that
pertaining to water pipes and ventila-
tion.
Eighth-Ihat gas filters will not be
allowed to do any pipe work pertaining
to plumbing.
Ninth-To have q just voice in the
selection and number of apprentices to
whom we will teach our handicraft,
that all apprentices be indentured for
the term Of five years, and shall have
arrived at the age Of 16 years, and be
able to read and write and have thor
ough knowledge Of at least addition,
subtraction, multiplication aud divi-
sion
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
A Parade CT Chicago Sewing Girls.

A novel feature OF the eight-hour
movement was witnessed Monday in
Chicago, when a procession of about
$50 girls, recruited from the tailoring
establishments in the neighborhood Of
Division and Sedgwick streets, marched
on the thoroughfares thereabout pro-
claiming their allegiance to the new
system. They ali demand eight hours
work with an increase Of pay. The
girls are principally employed as stitch
ers. They marched around to the
tailor shops seeking recruits and Sc
cured a good many, but some of their
fellow-workers refused to join the
parade. Four vigilance committees
were appointed to watch the street cor
ners and seek proselytes at noon. One
hundred and fifty men employed in the
shops went out with the girls. The
girls were attired III every costume.
Five hundred men dutifully followed
in their wake, marching two by two.
Above the heads OF the processionists
waved the Stars and Stripes, and ban
ners bearing such notices as s'Hurrah
for eight hours In front Of the COL
umn marched two gigantic Bohemians,
one carrying an immense mallet and
the other an axe. The girls seemed
half crazed with excitement and moved
along, some half dancing, others sing
ing, and all giving vent to their enthn-
siasm by some species of outward de-
monstratlon. Their numbers increased
to nearly a thousand, and the process
sion then moved from one shop to an
other, the girls entering with the Bo-
hemian axemen at their head, and in
every instance threatening to demolish
machines and work dire vengeance on
the heads of employees, if they did not
drop their needles, turn out and join in
the parade. Thirty shops were emptied
of their hands. A reporter was in
formed by three or four Of the en-
ployers that as soon. as they saw the
immense procession approach their es-
tablishment they told their hands to
turn out and shut down their shops in
fear of riot. About 2 O'Clock the
procession reformed, came over to the
South side and, headed by a brass band
S;paraded the princi pal streets.
= . ~ y & > :. /
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
Appeal !!

The Chicago Knights of Labor have
issued the following circular:
Chicago, H., April 26, 'Ss6.-To the
knights Of Labor, IRON Moulders' un~
ions and union workingmen generally:
You are hereby earnestly requested not
to come to Chicago for the purpose of
working in The Mccormick Harvester
works. as the union men are still lock-
ed out and the shop is a scab shop.
BY order OF l.. A. S52, X. of T..
JAMES MCCONVILLE,
THOMAS SCHOLES,
MATT STITCH,
Committee.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
PLANTS.

AS the season advances, the plants in
the window, garden and greenhouse give
more abundant bloom, but there is the
great draw back of an increase of insect
pests In the greenhouse these can be
kept in check by a weekly fumigation
with tobacco smoke. With window
plants, sprinkling with tobacco water,
will destroy the plant-lice. Larger insects,
such as Mealy. bugs and Scale insects, are
best destroyed by hand picking. = = As
the plants will later be removed to the
open air, they should be gradually
hardened for this change, by giving them
full exposure to the air on all suitable
days. American Agriculturist.
Subscribe for the Irish Standard.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
AMERICAN BREEDERS.

The rapidly increasing thoroughbred
stock of America is likely, says London
Truth, to tell upon our race-courses. The
principal breeders, Messrs. Pierre Loril.
lard, August Belmont William L Scott,
ETC., are importing some OF the best Of the
English stations and mares, and Mr..
William K. Vanderbilt, who has modest
income of about $500, 900 per annum and
is a thorough sportsman, will probably
soon appear both in England and America
as the owner of horses that will be able
to hold their own.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
IN BEHALF OF LABOR.
LABOR.

LABOR.
King of the giant form and iron hand!
Who on the brow OF this rude earth hath
placed
A starry crown, and who hath richly graced
Her bosom rude with jewels rare and grand!
With all the splendors of thy magic wand
Still, like some poor paltry slave thourt
beat
Starved, naked, trembling to the tyrant's
feet
Most wretched, abject thing in all the land!
Rise in thy manhood! lift thy great broad, brow! I!
This NJ oloch whose insntiate, ravening NAV
That never yet hath known another law
But vile aggrantlizemept of self! Aye, now
Rise: Thou'rt ear.h's king. And dash him
from Oh high,
And rule oe1 all, us thou shoudst, meath the
skv EDMUND MORTIMER.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
4 CHEAP POULTRY HOUSE.

The accompanying plan shows one Of
the simplest forms Of poultry houses; one
which may be placed in the angle or at
the side of barn or other out-build1ng,
thus saving the expense of one Or two
walls, and giving the added protection OF
the other building. There need he no fear
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08

Fig. 2 shows a con-
venint plan for such
a house, the roost-
ing poles being at
A, and nest boxes
at B, B. The poles
should be at least
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08
PRUNING EVERGREEN SHRUBS.

This may be done now, and should be
done where needed before the ground is
dug or cleared A few branches cut
from evergreens-that is shortening any
that extend too far-does no harm what
ever, and often greatly improves the shape
of the specimens. But these should
never be clipped with shears to sever the
large leaves which then turn brown at
the edges, and become unsightly. The
pruning should always be done with q
sharp knife, cutting off the shoots be-
tween the leaves; and shrubs carefully
trimmed In that way will have an agree
able appearance. When branches be-
meath the eye are shortened they should
be cut underneath, but those above the
eye should be cut from the upper side; the
white marks left by the knife are then
not visible. Many persons never think OF
this wnen cutting evergreens, and the re-
suit is that many specimens when trim
med have spotted and stump appearance
that is the reverse of agreeable.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08

Of vermin reaching the animals in the
barn from the hen-house, if it is located
so close to a stable. An occasional
washing of the separating wall with coal
oil will prevent all trouble Of this
character.
1t it is not desired to be at the expense
Of shingle roof ; a very effective one may
be made of rough pine lumber; such o
roof may be put on very quickly and
cheaply, and if two thicknesses of inch
plani1s are used, breaking the joints care
fully, the roof will be tight and will last
for years. Such a roof should be some
what sleeper than shingle roof.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08

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The Irish standard., 1886-05-08

ter-three is better-and should not be
more than eighteen inches above the floor
The best floor is of earth, and an occas'
ional bedding of straw will keep it clean
and warm.
In Fig. is given a diagram /
showing how a roosting pole may
be placed above the nest boxes; the
pole being held by wooden brack-
cts, and the boxes covered with
slanting board, to throw off the N
! !: :! ! : .! ! ! =! ]
droppings. 4
Large windows are a very great Il
advantage to poultry house. In N1
the design shown the windows are
hung on weights, SO as to lower the -I
top sash for venti-
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08

4htlOu. "a cheaper FIG g.
plan is simply to arrange them to slide
horizontally, one past the other. A screen
Of wire gauze, which is now very cheap,
placed on the inside of the windows, will
prevent all danger of breakage. The win
dows should be on the south side, it
possible.
A house 8x12 feet will accommodate
fifty hens A lean-to of this size would
require about 500 feet of lumber, and, by
getting the sash already glazed, the work
Of constructing it could be done by any
one who can handle saw and hatchet.
The Irish standard., 1886-05-08

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The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

the works are city in themselves-popu.
lous, busy, produCtive-a desirable Rcqui'
sitlOn 10 any commonwealth, an import.
ant item In the prosperity aud mRnuiac.
turing supremacy OF Wheeling aud the
Ohio Valley. Just south OF the boiler
house and east Of the converters is a
chopper" for breaking up scrap, etc.,
dropping a weight oil $500 pounds dis
lance Of fity.iour feet. Sometimes the
steel In the casting boxes where the ingots
are run expands so In cooling that the
powerful "pushers" cannot force 1t out.
The plan Is then resortsd TO OF placing the
casting boxes under this dropper, which
breaks them, liberating the ingots. The
broken boxes are Ie.melted as scrap.
the LaBelle mill was origanilly in the
company, hut did not remain. The ca.
paclty OF tho plant having been fixed
sufficiently large TO supply the four mills,
there will be considerable surplus for
sale, which In the present condition Of
the steel market Ia state OF affairs very
gratifying to the company.
The President Of the company Is A. j.
Clarke, Esq, the well known lawyer, who
Is also Director OF the Belmont mill and
one Of its three representatives in the
Board OF Directors OF the Steel Company.
The Secretary Is A. w. Wilson. w.
Mann Is the Superintendent and B. W.
Peterson the Assistant Superintendent.
In all respects this concern Is one OF the
most valuable OF those which have given
Wheeling so prominent q position In the
industrial world,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

naces and conyerters. Two bar MILL
manufacture commercial iron and stee
bars. Foundries, iorges and machine
shops shape iron into wheels, boilers, en-.
gines, stoves and hollow ware-in fact
with few notable exceptions, into every
conceivable shape for every known pur
poEe. In 1870 West Virginia ranked
tenth among the States In the production
OF iron and steel. In 1880 she had sd
vanCed 10 the seventh position. WhilC
the State includes some iron works out
side Of Wheeling, more are excluded
which we're built and are owned by
Wheeling capital, and though located OF
the Ohio side OF the river, have theil
offices In West Virginia and lie within as
easy access OF the heart Of the city as the
confines Of her own territory.
GROWTH OF THERON INDUSTRY.
When jamestown, Va, was founded II
1907, iron ore was found near the site
taken 10 Europe and smelted. In 1911
the frat iron works on this continent were
located on Falling Creek, Va. At tina
early day the rich resources oil Virgins
were recognized by the Colonists. Thesere
B1urces had some bearing, no doubt, OF
th4 location Of iron works In Wheeling
The hrst iron works known 10 have exist
ed In the present bounds OF West Virginia
and the frat west OF the Allegheny noun
tains was builG on Cheat river by Jackson
& UpdegrsR, aud was Ia operation 10 1912
Wheeling's first iron mill was built ID
1884 by Philip Shoenberger and DAviC
Agnew, and was located on portion o
the present site Of the Top mill. ThlI
works was operated with varying success
until 1857, never having more than /.
nail machines. In 1877 +. n. Norton ant
others organized the Virginia mill, L
manufacture nails exclusively. 1t wa
located on the present site Of the B. & o
depot, and started with forty machines
In 1910 Mr.. Norton and others bull
the Belmont mill. In 1858 the pres
emit Benwood mill was built q
the successor Of the Virginia mill
which had been removed To Civ
room for the Baltimore & Ohio Company
The new Virginia mill was sold under {
decree Of court In 1864, and reorganizs(
as the Benwood mill, L. NJ. Norton beinI
It's President. About the same time CyruI
Mendenhall entered the company, and l
! thus acquired his blast furnace a
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

ducing points. The city comes fairly by
her soubriquet, 1.-THE Nail City," Here
are cut more nails than In any other
city In the world counting the concerns
in the suburbs owned and operated in part
or In whole by citizens OF Wheeling, vast
ly more. The largest nail factory In the
world Is that Of the Riverside Company,
In Wheeling. In a few months the
Lsughlin Company will have its new fac
tory completed, and will then have two
more machines than the Riverside, thus
giving Wheeling the largest two factories.
She has ak others, Seven blast fur
naces produce pig iron, q large proportion
OF which Is consumed by the foundries,
mills and iorges Of the city and vicinity.
Four complete Bssse,ner steel plants Of
large capacity convert much OF this iron
into steel, and Wheeling steel Ia In such
demand that these four plants cannot
spare the metal to all their orders, and
have business enough booked to employ
them 10 the full capacity for months 10
come, Three sheet mills roll into sheets
the iron and steal produced by her fur
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

Martins Ferry, and fifty acres Of ore
land near. In 1852 Mr.. z. O. Dewey
built the Eagle wire mill, ct the head Of
what Is now Twenty.fith street, In 1851
this works was burned, but rebuilt. In
1850 was leased BY o. O. Dewey, ]. N.
Vance and w. II. Russell. who, under the
Arm name Of Dewey, Vance 4 Co., OPP
Grated the Wheeling Iron and Spike
works. From this beginning through va
rious stages OF progress has grown the
Riverside Iron and Steel Works, one OIL
the weAlthlest and most important con-
Ceins Gifts kind In the country. The La
Belle mill Yaa completed In 1852 by
Bailey, Woodward 4 90,
TIE CESTRE OF THE INDUSTRY.
Wheeling he'd thus become the csntre
Of the nail industry and an important iron
producing point IN general before 1860,
Since that time all the mills have gown
In capacity, wealth and Importance. The
Bellairs mill, the Junction and Laughlln
mills, the Crescent Elna and Standard
sheet mills and the Riverside, Junction,
Bellalre and Wheeling Bessomer steel
plants haze diversified and increased
Wheelins's leading Industry. in uls
meantime the iron industry Of Yl'glhlV
had grown, aouriBhed and languished, the
lack OF transportation making II impos
siblo for the business 10 be probably
operated except Sn the railroad or river,
Hence Wheeling became the lrln city Of
Virginia, the Nail City Of the world,
Alter the separation Of Virginia the
mother State declined from the thirteenth
Iron producing State In 1910 10 the si&'
tenth In 1880.
The latest reliable and accessible sta,
tlBtlCs bearing on the iron industry are
contained Ia the United States census o.
1850, They AFFORD satisfactory compatl
sons, since The Industry q shout relatively
the same now As then, excepting thpl
W6ere1S In 1850 there was not q ltee
plant in this vicinity, there are now lou
In he year 1880 Wheeling, including
BsnWOOd, BSllAlfs, Martins Ferry, Esns
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
y s' B. 81 A q Sp9 Ss Z % Il SbS d

Bsllairs, Of Martins Ferry, Of Bhdtu,
o. Brilliant, Of Alpgo, Of Wellsburg, Of
Moundsyille.
These communities afford, In addition
TO the list above, manufactures Of hydIaul.
ic cement, whips, window glass, glAsl
moulds, glass melting pots, agricultural
lmplementg, mining tools, Bemolino, and
increases the number OF those already
named materially.
olWheeling's population Of 81, 900 souls,
in round numbers, probably one-hall are
engaged In her manufactures. Over
81. 100000 are invested In her 800 mills
and isCloTits. The annual product ap-
pToximAtes Sl2OO0,OO0, The u. IS, censna
OF 1850 gave Wheeling the rank OF the
Bixty.irsI city In the country by pOpula-
ton, and tho fiity.iouTth in proportion 10
the value Of her products, her manuiac.
tures being dlspTopoItlOnate, on the right
side, TO her population, There were then
sixty larger cities, but only tiity.three
which produced greater amount Of man.
ulaCtuTed products, In the six years since
that report she has gained relatively,
A GLANCE AT WHERLISd's HUsISESs.
The ISTELLIGRSCER Is fortunate in being
able to lay before the public an exact and
reliable statement which affords, when the
immense figures are considered and
weighed, an adequate idea OF the extent
Of the City's industries, These figures are
not the result Of guess work or estimating,
They were obtained direct from the iudi,
yidual manufacturing OOnCernsin response
to . circular OF inquiry sent out by two
wsll'knoWn citizens, which read az FOL.
lows;
"a representative Of Eastern capitalists
wishes us to obtain and forward TO him
some ststistlcs Of receipts and shipments
Of Wheeling-Esst and West.
"Will yon please to Gil the blank form
below and mail it to either OF US. ANY
information given by you will be consid.
cred strictly confidential, and We assure
you that no improper use will be made Of
t."
The reEponses 10 this cifCular VEGA com.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
has SINE ROOM no Gnowt
An Ample UnoceupIod Territory for New
Mills.

An Ample UnoccupIed Territory for New
Mills.
A casual glance at Wheeling's situation,
hedged in as she Is by hills on one side
and the river on the other, might give one
the impression that Wheeling'u available
territory for building Is pretty we'll occu.
pied. No impression Could be more err.
ronaouS. There 10 within lInits Of an
ordinary city's site SUFFICIENT unoccupied
ground to hold town MANY times as
large as Wheeling. To say nothing Of the
almost llmilleSs expanse Of territory acroaS
the river and above and below the city on
the banks Of the Ohio, a mere glance over
the city from one Of the hills or q drive
through It will show available
sites for a thousand manufacturing eBtab.
iibhmenls, large and small. AT the north
end 10 room for several Coneeng. The First
ward has not only numerous unoccupied
Ellep, but RaTefal large and substantial
buildings vacant or partially vacant, and
especially designed Tor manufactures. In
the Second ward several large factories
might hnd ground and one Or two suitable
buildings ready for the machinery. in this
Third ward are perhaps fewer, bat Of the
east end thOre arc several sites. The
Fourth ward oilers number In the cast
anu. and one or two Ia the heart OF the
city, The Filth and Sixth wards abound
IN sites, Gul The Eighth 10 almost one vast
area Of desirable manufacturing locations.
The room 10 grow does not stop here.
East Of the city the valley Of Wheeling
creek spreads out, offering tempting loga'
tons and ample facilities, The facilities
viii I've increased with Tue prospective
construction Of q second railroad, North
Of the Top mill factories would have
ample "elbow room" and the Hne facilities
Of The river and railroad, This section
olfen especially favorable ground Tor
works Of any class engaged In heavy man'
ulAclufVo,