Springfield globe-republic. (Springfield, Ohio) 1884-1887, 1886-09-28
MAN MUST LEARN TO SEE
HOW OPTICAL ILLUSIONS ARE PRO-
DUcEO IN PANORAMAS.
What the Painter Has to Study Care
fully in Order To BE Successful-How
the Most Critical Eye Is Decetved-Ths
Senses Require Training.

fully in Order To BE SuccessfuI-How
the Most Critical Eye Is Decetved-Ths
Senses Require Training.
"To learn to see, doctor, Is not the
sense of sight natural?" exclaimed the re-
porter in surprise. The oculist, who had
been enlarging upon optical delusions, re-
piled with a smile:
Sounds queer, does it not, Well, the
sense of sight il Unborn to a certain ex-
tent but then so is walking. Still, If the
child does not learn to walk 1t will never
be able to do it The eye undoubtedly
acts quicker and at an earlier stage in
life upon exterior things, and is one of the
first means to enlighten the growing
piece of humanity about the world; yet 1t
must be trained to do its work we'll In
other words, man has to learn TO see as
well as to walk. The eye is the busiest
organ in the human economy. 1t does not
only inform the intelligent conception
about space and time and atmospheric
conditions and gravitation-to certain
degree it represents sound, for readingis is
nothing else than hearing With the eyes.
You see the words aud their sound is
mentally present to you. 1t Is certain
that external impressions are at first al
together indistinct to the new born babe;
it has not yet learned to make mental
notes of the picture on the retina Of it's
eye But then the impressions of touch
and movements go hand in hand with the
impression of seeing things, and by and
by the child distinguishes what Is within
and without, on top and below, right and
left. The perception Of distances is one Of
the last things the eye learns to under
ltlS ;.s f..
quently subject to optical illusions in the
matter of distances.
MODERN PANORAMA.
"You enter a modern panorama and
your eye--that is, your sense of seeing
is almost forced to believe in the reality
of what you see You look in an almost
endless horizon, upon the episodes of a
battle between thousands of men, many
OF whom you recognize; you are moved by
the dying moments Of one mortally
wounded you are enthused over the cour-
age of the advancing troops and feel like
jumping over the barriers into the SEEM
ing limitless plain to be closer to the
scenes Of battle. You see in the fore
ground the knapsacks, muskets, guns,
the withered vegetation, the uudulating
ground, and far, far in the background
sIlC llic " ACAo ShC AOAAhOu anu yOAbt
cutting of from sight what is beyond.
Everything is so natural, SO realistic.
For awhile you try to fx the line be-
tween body and space, reality and pict-
ure, but you soon give 1t up and are salts
fed with the illusion. You do not even
think of the quietude of the surround
ings, the mysterious stiffness which rests
over the fighting armies, the bu. =
| buildings, and the laundering Cannon.
The optical illusion is complete.
There are so-called local signs in sight
which the painter Of a panorama picture
has to study carefully in order to be sue
cessfuL FRS t, the eye brings the siz. of
the impression upon the retins into pro-
portion to the distance; then the lens &C
commodities itself to the distance; then
| comes the color perspective-distant arti-
cles being indistinct, the nearer ones
plain; then the comparison of the object
| TO be seen with objects intervening. II
you, for instance, compare a distant tree
with one near at hand. you do not calcu-
late upon the size Of the former actually
seen by You, but compare it mentally
with the size Of the one next TO you.
AFTER SENTURIEs OF EFFORT.
The first artists painted things as they
thought them to be-that is, as they
| would be able to perceive them by the
| sense of touching. After centuries of ef-
forts the dimensi sion and color perspectives
was invented, and the effects of these are
| -mployed in the panorama with great
shrewdnsss and very subtle observation of
nature. The perspectives of dimensions
and colors are so calculated that the OBJ
| server has little or no measure for reality.
The canvas Is as far removed from the
eye Of the observer as possible, and conse-
luently the eye is compelled to accom-
| modate itself TO distance. an operation
which requires mental work and impairs
criticism. There Is no frame to the pict-
, ure, and in stretching the canvas care is
taken to avoid any creases which would
offer point OF vantage to the eye.
The objects intervening between the
eye and the picture are of natural sizs,
but carefully chosen as to diameter and
position; tie ground is sloping and the
connection between these real objects and
the picture Is so arranged that the en-
semble is not disturbed. The spell of the
illusion might be broken should one step
directly from the street in front of the
picture, so that his mind would be filed
by lively rememb brance of the reality
without In such a case IL would take
time before the eye accustomed itself to
the illusion. But then you have to pass
through darkened corridors and narrow
passages, dimly illuminated by ar tifcial
light, before you come into the panorama
proper. These changing impressions de-
stroy the last remnant of the scenes of
reality offered on the street without, and
after the first glance at the picture the
illusion is complete Chicago News.