Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

ing SO well IN dry and billy land the al
mond stock IS also extensively used for the
apricot But as the union of the apricot
on the almond is not always perfect, and
liable to break of, the budding should be
done as low as possible, and on the windy
side; and in transplanting the tree the bud
should be buried from four to FIVE inches
into the ground. a better method. though
slower and more costly one, is TO bud a
vigorous plum stock, like the Myroboian
st. Julien or Black Dumas, on the almond
root, and the apricot on the plum stock at
the hight the tree should branch. Larger
apricois are said to be obtained through this
double grating. So il is given as hint to
our aprlcot-growers.
In the ferruginOus-c laysh loan of our
mountains the almond does splendidly and
grows very rapidly, but its crop of nuts is
injured by the frost two years out of three
In the south of France the almond is cul-
tivated on large scale. In the Alps are
seen almond plantations covering hun
dreds of acres of land in lines one mile
long. The paper-shell sells there at twenty
cents per pound the hard-shell at four
cents. Many of these almond plantations
yield as much as from $1,000 to So 600 each.
France exports to the north of Europe and
the United States S4,000,0O0 worth of
almonds. The almonds grown in Califor-
liza az Az 0Ntiy as me anu
sweet as those raised in France, italy and
Spain, and we should boldly take hold of
the Eastern market and supply the whole
of the United States with our handsome
and fresh product.
THE FILBERT.
The filbert is not very particular about
the nature of the soil, though it will do
better in light, moist and rather deep soil.
In heavy, clayish soil its crop of nuts will
be less and in too-cold climate the nuts
might not fill. That tree does unusually
well in the mountains of California, where
it yields large crops, especially the avelines
This tree requires much air and light and
must not be planted under the shade of
larger trees. 1t should be planted rather
by itself, in cordons or rows. In the south
of France, where it is extensively cult
waited, also in the north of Spain, the filbert
is planted around fields and vineyards, or
orchards; and very often it is planted in
.prune orchards, every other row being
filberts. Planted in these various wavs.
the tilberl bears heavy crops. 1t prefers
northern or western exposure, where the
sun shines but feebly. Above all, it breads
a heavy and dry soil, and has to be irri-
gated to bear well. In California, at least
i'll our mountains, filbert orchards should
be irrigated early in the season, some wears
as early as the first week in May, or when
the nuts are filling.
If planted in rows, the trees should be set
twelve feet apart in the rows, and the rows
fifteen feet apart. In planting filberts it
would be well to dig large enough holes
about three feet square and two feet deep.
The tilbert is propagated from layering.
suckering, grating, and also from the seed.
This last mode is not so sure to reproduce
the species true. Common hazel stock
might be used for grating the fibert, or
rather budding it, which is done in August.
A grated standard filbert is said TO live
longer than filbert grown in bushes, with
SIX to ten large stalks. Filberts are very
apt to grow suckers from the roots, and
these suckers have to be taken of every
year.
The cultivated filberts may be divided
into two groups-the oval and round. The
I best, sweetest and most productive kinds
in California are the avelines. or Spanish
filberts. The nut is oval, medium to large.
and very full, the kernel being invested
with crimson, red or white skin, hence
the name of red or white aveline.
The shell is thin and easily cracked.
The Piedmont is round, with thick,
hard shell the kernel is full, sweet and
nutty; very productive. etc. The bulbs
grow more upright than the avelines, which
spread out great deal.
The cluster filbert is very prolific kind.
growing in clusters of three to ten nuts.
The Sicily aveline is another leading
kind.
All these kinds of filberts do very well
ia the mountains of California, and are
we'll adapted to our soil and climate. 1t is
surprising that the owners of large fruit
orchards have not combined filbert-plant-
ing with that of prunes, cherries, etc. A
good way would be to plant row of filberts
every third or fourth row, and hedges of
them all round orchards and vineyards.
Irrigated lilberts will live longer than fl
berts not irrigated.
The city of Paris consumes 200, 900
pounds of filberts annually, and England,
despite her vast groves of Kent cobnut.
Atlas nut, prolific cob, ETC., imports an
nually $500 coo worth of filberts. The
tilbert is not only much used as a dessert
| nut, but is in great demand by confection-
ers. The ayelines are employed, like al
monds, in the manufacture of dragees, or
sugared almonds. A very sweet oil is
manufactured from the filbeTt, whose kerr
mel holds GO per cent. of oil. 1t makes the
very best oil for the hair, and, not being
siccative, it is much employed as greasing
oil.
CONCLUSION.
| believe that | have pretty well shown.
! through this short sketch on nut bearine
trees, that in the culture of those various
nuts there is grand future for California
"a promise for handsome returns. We
find in this fruitful State of ours the verv
land best adapted to their culture the very
climate so favorable to their growth. That
IS the whole State for the walnut; the val
leys and foothills for the almond, and the
endless Sierra and Coast ranges for the
chestnut and filbert. OF course, a nut
orchard will not pay any returns before
certain number of years, but as the
trees have to be planted far apart at
least walnuts and chestnuts = the land
can very well be utilized in the meantime
by raising other crops either of fruit (such
as prunes, apricots or cerealsl or hav, ac-
cording to the nature of the soil, exposure
and altitude. l am well satisfied that the
production of nuts can very well be ear
ried on with that of other fruits. Take the
walnut, chestnut and almond, for instance:
why not, in large vineyards and orchards,
plant an avenue of nut trees, since they do
so splendidly planted in avenues? The
space between the young trees could very
we'll be planted to prunes or grapes till the
nut trees would be of a size to require the
whole space for themselves. All around
large orchards and vineyards such trees
could also be planted with profit, and the
neighbor's land made to help feed the
long, running roots OF the walnut In so
doing the orchardist or vineyardist will
lind himself raising crop for which there
will always be ready market. Then, is
1t not rather hazardous to rely altogether
on green fruit, with a "glutted market
staring US in the face? BY raising part in
green fruit and part in nuts, will not the or
chardist be able to make his land pay, and
with less labor and trouble?
All these are practical suggestions, based
on perfect knowledge of what can be ex-
pected from the planting of nut bearing
trees, and which candidly submit to the
consideration of our intelligent and enter
prising fruit-growers and vinyardists
Canned and Packed Goods.