davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1886-12-11
d" 1887.
hARP RS B A z A r
nTn

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mentioned. subscriptions will begin with the Num-
Der current at time of receipt of order.
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Address HARPER & BROTHERS,,
dec III New York
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1886-12-11
" 1887.
Ill ARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE.

Harpers Young People has been called "the mode.
of what periodical for young readers ought to be-,
and the Justice of this commendaton is amply sus-
tanned by the large circulation has attained both
at home and in Great Britain. This success has
been reached by methods thatmu commend them
selves to the Judgment of parents, no less than TO
the tastes of children-namely, by an earnest and
well sustained effort to provide the best and most
attractive reading for young people at low price
The Illustrations copious and of conspicuousy
high standard of excellence.
An epitome of everying that is attractive and de-
sirable in Juvenile lterature.-Boston Courier.
weekly feast of good things to the boys and girls
in every family which it visits.-Brooklyn Union.
1t is wonderful in its wealth of pictures informa-
tion and interest-Christian Advocate n. Y.
Terms. postage prepaid, 81 per year
Vol VIII commenced November ., 1885,
Single Number five cents each.
Remittances should be made by Postotiice Money
Order or Draft to avoid chance of loss.
Newspapers are not to copy this advertisement
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Address HARPER L BROTHERS,
dec II New York.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
MARTINsBURG, W. VA, NOVEMBER Is, 1886.

particularly in 1925; men and beasts
died il scores. The heat III several
French departments during the summer
Of 1705 was equal To that IN glass fury
mace Meat could be cooked By merele
exposing II to the sun. Not soul dar-
venture out between noon and r. Nj
n 171S many shops had to close: the
theatres never opened their doors for
several months Not drop Of water
fell during six months. In 1853 the ther-
mometer rose to 118 degrees. In 1779
the heat Of Bologna was so great that q
great number 81 people were stifled
There was not sufficient air for the breath,
and people had to take refuge under
ground. II July, 1898, the heat became
intolcrable. Vegetables were burned up
and fruit dried upon the trees. The
furniture aud woodwork ID dwelling
houses cracked and split up; meat went
bad il an hour. The rivers ran dry in
several provinces during 1921; expedi-
ents had to be devised for the grinding
Of corn. In 1922 protracted heat was
accompanied By storms and earthquakes;
during the drought legions Of mice over
ran Lorraine and Alsace, committing in
calculable damage. In 1882 the heat
brought about cholera in France; twenty
thousand persons fell victims to the Wis
itation in Paris alone. III 1915 the thor
mometer marked 1875 degrees in the sun.
9
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
WORDS OF WISDOM.

Wounds given to honor never heal.
he who lives but for himself lizas but
for little thing.
Women enjoy more the please they
give than the pleasure they feel
TO succeed one must sometimes be very
bold, and sometimes very prudent.
A man can frequently polish bis boots
with better grace than be can polish bis
manners.
Good taste rejects excessive nicely; #
treats little things IS little things, and i
not hurt BY them.
Nothing makes the world seem 20
spacious Is to have friends 1t distance;
they make the ATTITUDES and longitudes
The world deals good naturally with
good people; and never knew
. sulky misanthropist who quaTeIed with
it, but II was be, and not &c, that was ii
tho wrong.
Honest good humor is the oil and
wine Of merry meeting, and there IS no
jovial companionship equal to that
where the jokes are rather small and the
laughter abundant.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
A Record Of Hot summers.

Says an English paper: In 627 the
heat was so great in France and Ger
many that all springs dried up; ssarer
became SO scarce that many people died
Of thirst. In S79 work ia the fields had
to be given up; agricultural laborers per
sisting in their work were struck down
in few minutes, 50 powerful was the
sun. Ii 9g3 the suns rays were SO fierce
that vegetation burned as under the
action Of fire. In 1000 rivers ran dry
under the protracted heat; the fish were
left dry in heaps, and putrefied in few
hours. The stencil that ensued produced
the plague. Men and animals venturing
in the sun in the summer Of 1922 fell
down dying; the throat parched to q
finder and the blood rushed to the brain.
m 1882 not only did the rivers dry np,
but the ground cracked on every side,
and became baked to the hardness Of
stone. The Rhine, in Alsace, nearly
dried up. Italy was visited with terrific
heat in 1889; vegetation and plants were
burned up. During the battle Of Bella,
in 1860, there were more victims made
BY the sun than by Weapons; msn fell
down snnstruck ia regulars rows,
In 1903 and 1904 the Rhine, Loire
and Seine ran dry. Scotland suffered
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
Disease and Filth.

Whether infectious epidemics are di-
rccfly due to vegetable germs, Or to vari-
GUS inorganic poisons, they depend largely
on bad sanitary conditions Facts Of
constant occurrence prove this.
The cholera which, some over half i
century ago, started from the unutterable
filth Of India its native home and,
following the track Of trade and COM
merce, swept around the shores Of the
Caspian sea, into Russia, and thence into
England, and, in 1882, sped from nation
to nation in Europe, and thence the same
year to our own land, everywhere sought
out and rioted III filth. No spot was so
signal an illustration of this as New Or
leans. The city is built on alluyial soil
two Or three feet thick, resting on tough,
blue clay, that lets nothing pass through
1t. Miles and miles of streets were often
Inundated BY overfoWs, which left behind
slime to putrefy in the hot SUM- The
climate was exceedingly moist. The city
was without drainage From generation
to generation the soil beneath It had be-
come loaded with the excreta of man and
beast. Nearly all the dead Of the city
were buried above ground the tombs
often being left in state Of utter neglect
and decay.
On October s5, 1889, the cholera
reached New Orleans. The city then
had population Of some forty-six thou
sand. Eleven thousand of these sought
safety in fight after the disease APP
peared. Of the remainder, six thousand
died of the pestilence in twenty days
on some days at the rate of five hundred
day. The cemeteries were too small
for the victims, and they were dumped
into trenches by the cart load, while
large numbers, weighted with stone,
were thrown into the Mississippi At
the same rate Of mortality there now
would be thirteen thousand deaths
week.
Essentially the same has been true Of
yellow fever Between 1887 and 1S43
five thousand five hundred died Of it in
New Orleans; ii I847, two thousand
eight hundred; in 1858 and the two fol-
lowing years. the deaths numbered thir
ty-seven thousand. Five dollars q day
failed to secure graye-diggers enough.
Vice and crime became rampant.
The people Of New Orleans have since
become convinced of the value Of sani-
tation. Says the Century Measures
are growing and bearing fruit day by
day which have already reduced the in
salubritv of New Orleans to i point
where it may be compared with that Of
other great cities, and which promise be-
fore long to make it really and emphati-
cally the home of health, comfort and
safety. - louth's 0onspanion.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15

The custom of touching glasses prior
to drinking healths Is, says an English
paper, very common ID this and many
other countries, and especially in Ger
many. 1t is curious to trace how this
custom has prevailed, and still exists,
even among savage tribes. To drink out
Of the same cup and to eat Off the same
plate was one Of the ways ID which the
ancients celebrated marriage, and the
wedding feast continues to be not the
least important Of the marriage ceremo-
mics to the present day. The Indians Of
Brazil retain j custom Of drinking to-
gether little brandy, asa, sign that the
marriageis concluded. InChina similar
customs are met with. In the medi@val
banquets of Germany, it was the custom
ito pass 9 loving cup from hand to
hand, but this gradually necessita-
ted that the cup should be Of
an enormous size, and thus smaller
cups Or glasses were adopted, and the
old custom was conf0rmed to BY the
drinkers touching their glasses before
drinking. The ceremony attending
the passing and drinking out Of the
loving cup, as practiced at our great
city festivals and at some of our college
halls, IS said to have arisen from the as
sassination Of King Edward. It was
then the custom among the Anglo-Sax-
ons to pass around large cup, from
which each guest drank; he who thus
drank stood up, and as he lifted the cup
with both hands, his. body was exposed
without any defense to blow, and the
occasion WIS often seized BY an enemyto
murder him. TO prevent this, the fol
lowing plan was adopted When one, Of
the company stood up to drink he re-
quired the companion who sat next to
him to be his pied that is, to be re-
sponsible for protecting him against any
body who should attempt to take advan-
tage Of his defenseless position; this
companion stood up also, and raised his
drawn sword III his hand to defend the
drinker while drinking. This practice,
in q somewhat altered form, continued
long after the condition Of society had
ceased to require it, and was the origin
Of the modern practice Of pledging ID
drinking. In drinking from the Flowing
cup as now practiced, each person rises
and takes the cup in his hand to drink,
and at the same time the person seated
next to him rises also, and when the lat
ter takes the cup in his turn, the individ-
ual next to him does the same.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
Il Crick iii the Back.


4 there y one thing We know more
about than another, 4 A crck 10 the
Dack, ana On the other hand, 4 there
Is one thing we know less about, + y
that same cr1ck ~ the back That q,
We experience lts beauties and know
nothing q ~ origin ana nothing Will
prevent A. when q y due man may
chop wood, shovel snow, drive pair q
pulling norses exercise with dumb
bells, 80 through gymnasium anu nv
all the appliances fof developing muscle,
and expect every minute tnat nls back
Will break ana y Will pc aIl right. And
yet some day ne Will De putting on ms
oyercoat, Of Will reach across hls desk
Tor photograph Ct his girl, q PICK up
paper on the moo, and the crIck catches
him, ana he ~ g. limp ~ 2 rag md sui
iers horror for two days every breath
ne draws seeming 70 go right through
that crick when large healthy man
has crlck ~ tne back ne realizes what
2 weak puny thing ne y. Before the
arrival q the crlck ne admlres himself
~ the glass before retiring, as ne looks
at his muscle, and almost wishes some
body would pitch on 70 him to whip
MIN, when ne could wade IA and maui
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
a Rattlesnake's Suicide.

The letter Of Edward II. Hardman ID
Nature with reference to the suicide Of
black snakes, recalls an incident which
once witnessed Gan Indiana corresponds
entsWrites to Ndtur6). was quite small,
but my memory Of the strange occur
renee IS very clear and distinct. It was
In the Stare Of Illinois, when at that
early day short, thick variety Of rattle
snake was very numerous, 50 much so
that the State acquired an unenviable
reputation in the older parts Of the
Union. Farmers in ssbreaking prairie, y
IS the first blowing Of the prairie sod
was called, would kill them By dozens
in the course Of d single summer. They
were venomous, but owing to their slug
gish nature and their rattle, which was
always sounded before an attack, but
few persons were bitten BY them. More
over, there was little danger Of death il
proper remedies were applied at once.
was one day following one of the
large breaking ploWs common at that
time. It was drawn BY five or six yoke
of oxen, and there were two men to man
age the pillow and the team. As we were
going along, one Of the men discovered
3 rattlesnake, as / remember, about
twelve or fourteen inches In length. They
rarely exceeded eighteen Or twenty
inches, SO that this one was probably
about two thirds grown. The man who
first saw it was about to kill it when the
other proposed tosee ifitcouId be made to
kill itself, which it was commonly reported
the rattlesnake would do if angered and
prevented from escaping. Accordingly
they poked the snake over into the plowed
ground, and then Began teasing it with
their long whips. Escape was impossi-
BILE, and the snake soon became frantic
at its Intellectual attempts either to injure
its assailants or to get away from them.
AT last it turned upon itself and struck
its fangs into its own body, about the
middle.
The poison seemed to take effect in
stantly. The fangs were not withdrawn
at all, and if not perfectly dead within
less than i've minutes, it at least showed
no signs Of life That it should die SO,
quickly will not seem strange il it is.
borne in mind that the same bite would
have killed q full-grown man in o few
hours time.
The men watched it long enough to be
sure that it would not be likely to move
away, and then went on with their work
I trudged around with them for an hour
or more, and every time we came where
the snake was stopped and looked at
it, but it never moved again. In this
case do not remember that the snake
had been injured 1T all. | have often
heard Of rattlesnakes biting themselves
under such circumstances, but this was
Z only case that ever came under my
observation.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15

In the milt of Goldfish or iii water IN
which vegetables have been infused the
microscope discovers animalcules Of
which many thousands together do not
equal in bulk grain Of sand; and yet
nature, with . singular prodigality, has
supplied many Of these with organs as
complete as those of the whale.or the ele-
phant, and their bodies consist Of the
same substance, or ultimate atoms, as
that Of man himself. In single pound
Of such matter there are more living crea-
lures than Of human beings on the face
Of the globe.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
New York Is the center 81 the cigar,

New York IS the center Of the cigar
making trade. She has nearly 1000
factories and turns out |, 900, 000, 900
cigars year. Pennsylvania, Ohio and
Illinois rank after New York. There
were made in this country last year
8, IT., s69, 952 cigars, about forty 10.
every pound of tobacco used. About
80, 900, 900 were imported, thus making
atotal of about 5, 15O, 000. 900, or sixty
for every man, woman and child in the
United States, and $50 for every man
ovcrtwenty4on years Of age.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15

The nutmeg trees grow on the islands
Of Asia and tropical America, and look
like small pear trees, They bear fruit
seventy Or eighty years. Ii Ihmaica
there is one tree that every year has on It
over 4, 900 nutmegs The fruit Is about
the size Of peach, AMI when ripe ii
breaks open and shows the seed, which
Is the article known to commerce IL. the
nutmeg.
Martinsburg gazette. (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1886-1887, 1886-11-15
Richest Farmer II south America.

Richest Farmer "a South America.
The London Times says that tie late
Mi. Nicholas Anchorena, who died not
long since at Buenos Ayres, was probably
the richest farmer ii the world. His
executors report bis rural estate as fol.
lows Land, no square miles cows.
Isl, 900; sheep, 40, 900. He also owned
much house property in Bnenos Ayres,
ana his assets have been valued 1T e2, 400, y
600 sterling. He inherited R200, 600 from
bis father thirty years ago.
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1886-06-23
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS.

The opinion of the Minister of the
Interior, as expressed in his report
to the Legislature, is that "increas-
ed activity and expenditure" in the
direction of harbor improvements is
justifiable, in view of the possible
future of the country. No doubt,
the Minister is right. Nothing, be-
sides roads and bridges, is more
needed than increased harbor accom-
mediation, both at Honolulu and
many other places throughout the
Islands, and liberal expenditure in
that direction is justifiable, and will
ultimately prove remunerative.
Money so expended, judiciously and
intelligently, may be regarded in
the light of a safe investment, that
will return good interest to the in
vestors. We take the liberty to
suggest that the extension of Queen
street along the city front, from the
Fish Market to the King street
bridge, affords a splendid oppor-
tunity for increase of harbor accom-
mediation for small vessels at a con-
venient point. The material col
lected by. the" dredge in deepening
the channel can be used right on
the spot for building up the new
street. Many citizens would be
pleased to see some activity and
expenditure" in the indicated local
ity with as little delay as possible.
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1886-06-23
THE LEGISLATURE
FoRTY-THIRD DAY-CoNTINUED.

TUESDAY, June 22nd.
Noble Bishop SAID he was on the
committee that considered this act,
and it was explained by the Minister
of Interior that good deal of this
surveying had been done. 1t was
matter of necessity, of justice to
the property holders, that the grade
should be established, so that any
man building-ssha0uifd know how high
.te4make the foundations of structures.
1t was necessity in towns of any
considerable size, and certainly was
such in Honolulu. Since the survey
of streets had been made to estab-
lish grade, streets had been made
in accordance with that survey, and
some of them were higher than the
older ones, in that way making
distractions so that the water would
not run off. Although that survey
had been done, the public were not
informed as to the grade that had
been established, and the grade had
so far not been established by law,
so that it was necessary to make this
enactment. This bill was not per-
feet, but it would be great mistake
to throw it out. 1t seemed an abso-
lutte necessity to have this work done
before long, as people were building
and would have to know what height
to start from.
Rep. Thurston considered the
arguments in favor of the bill to be
unanswerable. The work must be
done Immediately or very soon. The
objection Oh the face of the bill,
that it involved new officials and
extra salaries, was put very strongly
by the members for Makawao and
Hama, but the Minister'S explanation
showed that it was not the intention
to employ any official outside Of the
existing staff of the Government
Survey. As the bill did not say
that, however, he moved to insert al
the end of the section the clause
"Such commissioners shall be pait
out of the regular appropriation fol
the Survey Department.
Minister Neumann seconded th,
amendment of the hon. member fol
Molokai, with reference to the pay
ment Of commissioners, and hoped
the motion of the hon. member fol-
Hama would not prevail. He feared
that hon. member had not under
stood the. necessities of th,
case, that il the grades of street,
were established those people whit
hereafter build would certainly say,
great deal of expense which woult
= fall on them alone. 1t certainly
could not be the intention of th,
(: hon. member to have such a burdel
fall on any one man through th,
/. remissness Of this body. This fact
in addition, to the arguments ant
reasons of hon. members who ha,
b explained it, he hoped would induce
I the hon. member to vote for th
\ bill.
: Rep. p.'Dickey, saying the amend
= ment of the hon. member for Molo
kai had reached his object, withdre,
his amendment.
Rep. Richardson moved to amen,
the amendment by inserting tn
words, "one of whom shall be th
Superintendent of Public Works,
after "civil engineers"
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1886-06-23
NOVEL NOTIONS.

Mr.. Dickey promulgated some
novel notions on taxation the other
day, on the occasion Of his introduce
tion of bill to exempt native-born
Hawaiians from the payment of road
taxes. 1t was natural enough for
Mr.. Dole to suppose that the mem
Der for Makawao was simply full
filling the wish of his constituents,
and would have considered himself
to have done his duty when he had.
crystalized their peculiar ideas into
a bill and presented it to the house.
This is just what intelligent people
outside who had heard and read of
the Hon. Members intention to in
troduce the measure thought. But
Mr.. Dickey makes it clear that this
was false impression. He said
the idea originated with himself,
and he took all the responsibility
for it. He gave as one reason for
the proposed exemption "that ma.
tive-born Hawaiian subjects are en-
titled to some benefits as against
aliens" This may be valid
reason from the standpoint of the
: native-born subject; but from the
.lpoint of view of the alien, which we
here take to mean foreigner, it is
narrowed down to too fine an edge
for the year. 1886. The foreigner
who comes to this or any other
country, is freely admitted and well
coined by the: original inhabitants,
settles in the country, respects its
regularly constituted authority,
obeys its laws, and pays his full
share towards its government, has Q
just claim to every privilege and
immunity accorded to the man born
in the land, and there is no COM
nonsense reason why he should
be laden with special burdens
for the benefit of his adopted
country. 1t is admitted that Mr..
Dickey is not entirely alone in hi:
view of the relative rights of '.'native,
born subjects" and "aliens;" bu'
men of cosmopolitan tendencies
with few years of travel in various
lands at their back, are incapable o.
working themselves up into a MOOD
Of reverential respect for what they
deem narrow and small. But Mr.
Dickey's special novelty is presented
in the expressed opinion that ''th,
road tax is for the benefit of pro
perty-holders, and not of the poo
j, people, and property holders. shoult
therefore pay that tax" phis il
ssedual to saying that ,tke roads arr
ter,the'benefit of'ths;fieRFos tile iex
ftlusion of the poor. In countr,
like the Hawaiian Islands, wher,
i, the roads are perpetually open tt
all, without even the obstruction ol
toll-gates, the idea strikes with thu
force of an original conception, f. f.,
The Daily bulletin. [volume] (Honolulu [Hawaii]) 1882-1895, 1886-06-23

wonderful discovery. We had sup.
posed that the Kings highways are
not only free to all, but are used by
all who are capable of locomotion,
rich and poor alike. In fact, that
only one other thing in the kingdom
can be placed on the same list,
and that is atmospheric air. "Who
uses the roadY" Why, everybody.
rs it the poor or is it the rich!"
Why, both. OF course, the man
who has a carriage is "heavier" on
the roads than the man who foots
it, and he pays more, Gas he
should,) because his carriage is
taxed. Really, the road lax is
about the fairest on the catalogue,
because it is the only one from
which everybody receives direct
benefit, that is if used as intended.
To be sure, we have no particular
attachment TO road taxes or any
other taxes, and shall be extremely
glad to see them all abolished, pro-
vided it be shown that we can get
on decently without them. But
when we hear man advocating the
removal of tax merely from one
portion of the population ON the
ground that that portion was first in
the field, and advancing the absurd
notion that a public thoroughfare is
a benefit to the rich only, we take q
long breath and sigh. for a change.