The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1886-02-19
FARMERS GATHERING.
THE STATE AGRICULTURAL CoNvENr1o,

LIE 01AIE AQh1CCLIUhAL OONNENTXONs
The Agricultural Convention under the au-
spices of the Wisconsin State Agricultural So
ciety was held in the Assembly chamber, Madi-
son. Feb LIST to 9Th. The proceedings through
out were OF great interest, but shall have TO
confine myself to q mention of such matters as
seem to be of the most Importance.
" DAIRYING THE BEST FOR THE FARM AND THE
FARMER"
Was the title of paper read before the Con.
vention by Major Henry e A word, of Houghton
Farm, Mouatainvile, New York He said the
first duty of q farmer was to supply the millions
with food and the materials for clothing. The
principal foods were bread meat milk, cheese
and butter The production OF foods was ex-
haustive 10 the soil, and the use Of fertilizers
must be res0rted to to maintain its productive
ca acity The export to foreign countries of
was exhausting American farms. To restore
their fertility we must keep more stock and feed
better.
To illustrate the points he wished to make the
Major exhibited series of charts showing the
relations IF wheat, beef, milk, cheese and butter
production to soil exhaustion, and also the rela-
tive proposition of thu retail price eceived by
the ia -ner ami the middle man The dealers
receipts included cost of transportation and all
expenses of handling betweei the farmer and
the consumer The wheat diagram showed a
large percentage of exhaustion He said that
unless about six per cent of the value of the
wheat product was returned Ia fertilizers the
productive capacity of the soil would decrease.
The cost of handling, trans ortation and other
cApSuacS were 81 SICdt Gudt buc tdEIu0T T6Colt6U
| less than half the rice pad by the consumer of
the wheat in our distant MARKERS.
The diagram representing b. eft made q better
| showing than wheat for the farmer. The ex.
haustion 10 the soft was in producing bone and
| muscle OF the growing animal While the AMI
mat was being fattened there was large return
of fertility to the soil by the manure, and there
Its frame AND flesh. For beefthe farmer received
nearly one half the price paid by the consumer
The diagrams repre- seDting milk and cheese
| made trifle better showing for the farm and
| farmer
The diagram representing butter showed an
| infnitessimal amount of
SOIL EXHAUSTION,
and the farmer received nine-tenths of the price
paid by the consumer. Butter is the most finish
ed product placed on the market by the farmer.
The cost of transportation and the handling Is
very small compared with its price. 1t is car
bonaceous compound, and its elements are de-
| rived through the plants from the air. Its min
eral elements taken from the soil amount to
three-tent of one per cent. Wheat, beef, milk
and cheese have large intrinsic value as food.
They supply the material for bone, flesh and
nerve tissue Butter has itle intrinsic value as
food 1t simply supplies heat by its consumption.
The others are properly foods butter Is more
properly luxury, and there Is no country in
versaily and in such quantities as in the United
States. There is a class of people who are will.
| ing to paw large price for butter whose flavor
dares ere are Cents ane
| 81 Is per pound. the demand of this class of
Gus omers are not yet fully supplied, and it is
I market worth cultlvating.
| Dr. A. L. Chaplin, President of Beloit college,
read very interesting paper, entitled,
"UNDER-C oNsUMPTIoN.'
| It treated Of" hard times" depression In bust.
| ness, stag alton of industry, high and ow
prices. He said: Large and prospective profits
| more was produced than was demanded lower
prices resulted The lower prices would bring
the article within the means of purchase of
large number of consumers. The world fas
never yet produced more food than Its inhabit-
ants required. But when large numbers OF men
were compelled to be idle their means of pur-
chase was largely diminished, and much small
or consumption resulted.
The remedy for stagnation In business, labor
ers unem plos ed was yet to be found probably in
some new adjustment of labor and capital.
1t Is we'll known that
ALL ORCHARDS
throughout the Northwest have suffered great
destruction by The severity of the seaso &, es.
pc iallv the severe protracted cold of the past
three winters.
Prof. T. j. Burrlll. of the University Of I'LL.
no s, gave an interesting lecture this subject,
using the blackboard and crayons to illustrate
BE said trees that had suffered disintegration by
| reason of sew re freezing and too sudden thaw.
ing would put out their leaves in spring and
live until midsummer, causing one to think 1t
was something In the summer that caused their
death. Whan the season growth of the tree was
p6T1cCtcu tQ0 sap Ue1U III bOluLliIu CGTta1u ele"
ments and in this condition would not freeze at
low temperature any more THAI brine an
| some other liquids The rtmedi are 70 secure
the continued growth Of the tree unchecked oy
dro tn in summer, SO that 1t will be In ripeDed
condition for winter and to plant those trees
VIII Sc habit is to perfect their growth before
winter Such rees are called hardy.
Prot. G. K. Morrow delivered an address, en-.
titled
"OuR FARMING, ITS CHANGING CONDITION AND
OUTLOOK ("
Among other topics discussed was that of agr1-
cul ural education He did not favor he estab
fishing of another school Of agriculture. SO a.
rate from the State University He said the
farm is a school, and is the only school worth
entioning for teaching the practice of agricul-
tura.
University Of Illinois and while publishing the
Western Farmer at Madison originated the In
stitu ion of the Farmers State As ricuitural Con-
ventions, and his opinion carries great weight
with It.
In the discussion Major Alvord took the same
position on the agricultural college question as
Prof Morrow. He said 1t had been instanced
that agricultural colleges St pardte from univer
sites had been more successful Ibis was not
because they were separate, but because they |
were older ana more support had been given |
them. He said an agricultural college would |
derive strength and efficiency from its connec- |
ton with the University.
Mayor Alvord is Superintendent of the New
York experimental station, and has made q thor. |
nearly every scnool and college of agriculture
in the United states, and his opinion Is formed l
from thorough consideration of the facts.
w. A. Henry, Professor Of Agri ulture In the /
College of AgricU lture of the state University |
was on the programme for paper, entitled,
"WHAT SCIENCE HAS DONE FOB THE FARMER" |
The Professor had several drawings suspended |
around and above the speakers desk, showing
different plows of the most primitive pattern 1
used in past and present times The drawings .
were large and could be easily seen from any /
part of the Assembly chamber. He also placed /
on the Speakers desk steel beam pillow, such /
as are used on our farms of to-day. one draw.
ing showed the pillow now used in India, where
large quantities of wheat are grown that comes
IN composition with our wheat In the worlds
markets. 1t Is very primitive affair, made OIL
wood. with the cutting part of the snare cover.
ed with iron. The drawing showed the DOW
drawn by pair o. small horses with almost no
harness An American plow would accomp ish
as much as ten of the Sc Indian pIows. Perhaps
the American p ow may follow the railroads
now building by the British government to
reach the immense wheat fields of that empire.
Another drawing showed the Mexican pillow In
use to-day In that Country. It a. very awkward
and inen1cient implement compared with our
modern ploW. Itwould seem now our American
railroads extend into that country that our
plow makers would find good market In Mexi.
co. Another drawing showed the English plow
OF the fifteenth Century, very inefficient affair
ings showed, one the land side, the other the
cutting side OF the Webst-r pillow. This pow
was designed by Daniel Webster, the great I,
statesman, to subdue ten-acre piece of land
full of the stumps of small trees The pillow is an
immense affair, thirteen feet long, and broad In
made Of strong timbers, the cutting
part and mould board being covered with iron.
Mr.. Webster assisted with his own hands In the
construction Of this pillow. Five yoke of cattle
were attached to it, and with five men to hold
and guide the plow the stumps were all plowed
out and the land brought under cultivation.
This piow Is now In the museum In Massachu.
sets.
THokAs JEFFERSON.
the farmer and statesman OF eternal fame, was
the originator of the science Of pIow construc.
don. Up to his time every pillow maker had Al
pattern Of his own. but no rules were ever writ
len by which another could make pow ex |
actly like It. Now any mechanic can take the
rules given by Jefferson and make pillow exact.
y like the one he made The Professor exhibit
ID model made by one of the University stu
tents after Jehersons rules, which was Examined
With great interest. The pillow of to-day Is the
Jefferson plow improved. The Professor ex.
planned the application Of the draft line, 20