The daily herald. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1886-1887, 1886-09-14
HUDSON'S BAY REGION.
WHERE THE CLIMATE is WARMER
AS ONE TRAVELS NoRTHWARD.


minish.-snowfall on the Low Table
lands-Abundant Game and Grass.
very important fact must be noticed
In travelling from Hudson's bay to the
Rockies. One starts on land about fifty
feet above the sea level, and, gradually
rising reaches an altitude of only 800 feet
at the base of the mountains. This is
following the Goth parallel, or within
fifty miles north or south of IT, Starting
on the 10th parallel, in the same longitude
say in the neighborhood of the Lake Of
the Woods, the height above the sea is
over 1000 feet, and at the base of the
mountains in that latitude 1t is over 5000
feet, or more than 5000 feet heigher than
1t is in relative position as to the mount
aims 600 or 700 miles north Of 1t.
1t Is generally but enormously supposed
that one travelling from the 4Sth parallel
of latitude northward say on the Tooth or
10th meridians of longitude, would find the
climate colder each fifty or 100 mil =,
while the facts are he will find it warmer
as he proceeds northward, and this rule
will hold good for 500 miles on the Tooth
meridian, and for 1000 miles on the 10th
meridian, taking the 4Sth parallel north as
starting point. The writer has proven
this proposition from actual observation,
and 1t may easily be established from
statement of the simplest rules of natural
science. AS general principle, in the
north temperate zone, as well as in the
sub-arctic regions, the further north one
proceeds the colder he will find the atmos-
phere, but this rule will apply only when
the traveller is going from lower to a
higher altitude above the sea- In the re-
gions just newfoundland let 1t be under
gfOOd fha rnla annliao until tho e0th moi
lei is reached-altitude has more to do
with the climate, so far as heat and cold
are concerned-and, in fact, as far as all
meteorological phenomena gotham lati-
tude.
The writer has been upon the delta
shores of Lake Athabaska, which are only
seven hundred feet above the sea, and al
most at the foot of the Rockies, where
snow will scarcely remain on the ground
for twenty-four honrs at stretch during
whole winter This is more than 800
miles north of the north boundary of Da-
kota or Montana, where the mercury often
goes down to 40 degrees below zero (Fah~
renheit, and where the winters are long
and severe At the former places the mer-
curry rarely touches zero, and in the grand
stretch of park country ON every hand,
and for 300 miles to the northwest, the
In that section have roamed at large
through more than fifty winters without
the need of stable or cut hay. The latter,
cured upon the stalk, is plentiful, and as
rich fodder in midwinter as the excellent
grass Is in summer Aside from the cues
ton of altitude, the country last in ques-
tion Is favorably affected by the Chinook |
winds, which find their way from the Pa |
ctfic through the mountain passes. This |
Is why the thermal lines extend further |
northward ON the 10th meridian and west |
Of it than on the Tooth, as before indi- |
Gated
NORTH OF THE HEIGHT OF LAND
Important questions Of mathematical |
geography present themselves to one on
the western shore of Hudson's bay. Lon
gitudinally he Is nearly In the center Of
the continent; little nearer to Liverpool
or Queenstown than the cities of New York
or Quebec; within 100 miles as near to San
Francisco as the city of Chicago; within
1900 miles Of the Pacific ocean; within 300
miles of the northeastern border, and 600
of the center of the great fertile prairie
country north Of the height of land; in
short, harbor on the western coast of
the bay, provided the latter and the strait
are navtgable for a sufficient period, would
command the traffic of half the continent
1t Is curious to notice to what extent lat
itudinal distances diminish between any
two meridians as one travels northward.
The width of the continent on the sixtieth
parallel-apparently its greatest width on
most maps-is nearly 600 miles narrower
than 1t is 1900 miles farther to the
south On the sixtieth parallel it is
scarcely $500 miles in breadth. Over
1000 miles of this distance may be
oaA In or
strait and across Hudson's bay; the re-
= mainder of the distance, about / 800 miles
is across low level country, ranging in
altitude from fifty feet at the start to 800
t4eet at the base Of the Rockies above the
sea. The mountain passes by way of the
Pine river series of summit lakes, and
the Skeena, will at no point reach more
than $500 feet above sea level The
average snowfall throughout the low
tablelands does not exceed ten inches,
and that through the mountain passes
mentioned not .more than three feet. The
temperature Of the atmosphere In the
coolest months Of winter along the line in
question is higher by at least 20 degrees
than it is along the 4Sth parallel
except on the shores of Hudson's
bay and for about 100 miles inland From
the latter point to the Atlantic it is mucI
lower, frequently running down to 40 an(
80 degrees below zero The statement.
are In accordance with meteorological rec
ordskept by Hudson's Bay company posts
which extend from the Atlantic to tin
Pacific along the sixtieth parallel, and 70
many miles to the north of it.
For the first 300 miles westward from
the bay, the traveller will meet with thou
sands OF reindeer and thousands of abai
rem ground" Indians, branch of the Gre
family, between whom and the Esau
maux, who inhabit the country to th
north of them, there has always been tn
bitterest hostility. After that one meet
with the Crees proper, and travels throug
delta or silt country, composed of ma
ural parks, embracing vast areas of til
best grazing lands to be found anywher
They are frequent Cor Chicago Time
Eagles Breeding in Captivity.
The female of pair OF eagles whiC
have been in captivity in Toledo, Ohio, {,
six years, laid an egg on the 18th of Marc
and another the day following. Then 81
began sitting on the eggs and never left III