Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1886-03-04
The Revolution Of 1913.

The Revolution Of 1S4S.
The year 1646 was an era in. the
modern history Of Europe. 1t was the
year of @unfulfilled revolutions" The
trouble began in France, where the ex-
travagant and incompetent administra-
tion Of Louis Philippe met its natural
result in popular instruction, and
the King and all the foyal family we're
forced to fee for their lives from 0
furious Partisan mob. His fight and
the immediate establishment of pro-
visional republican government in
France was the signal for the outbreak
of the long pent-up fires OF republican
ism all over Europe. Revolution was
soon ahame or threatening In all the
great cities. In Austria the popular
party took things pretty much into their
own hands. In few months this enl-
pire was apparently on the verge of
dissolution. Lombardy and Venetia
were in revolt; Hungary had declared
herself independent; the Slavs of Boz
hemia and Silesa had taken up arms
and Vienna was in the hands of an
armed mob, and the Emperor had been
obliged to flee for his life. However,
the Imperialists had the aid of the
army, and the popular party hal be-
fore long to give way to the force OF
arms. The provincial Instructions
were soon quelled, and the army now
marched upon Vienna The rebels at
this city held out against the lombard
ment until the terrible slaughter in
their ranks rendered further resistance
impossible. But they had forced the
Imperial party to admit the strength of
their movement, and the first step
toward peaceful negotiations was the
abdication of the unpopular Emperor,
Ferdinand, in favor of his nephew,
Francis Joseph, then a youth of Is
years. The Hungarians, however, were
still in revolt, under the leadership OF
Louis Kossuth, and, with well-equ p
ped and numerous army, were making
noble resistance to the forces of
tyranny. But when the Gar OF Rus
sia sent large body of soldiers to the
were fofeea py overwhelming numbers
into surrender. In Italy the news OF
the abdication of the King of France
was received with the greatest ehthu-
siasm, and the whole country rushed I'd
arms. The patriots who had been ex-
lied, Mazzini, Garibaldi, and others,
who had never hoped sto see their ma
tive land again, hurried back to take
part In the struggle. The war which
| followed was by no means successful,
however, and italian unity was again
postponed for many years. In the
smaller states of Germany the rulers,
terrified at the fate OF Lotiise Philippe
granted all that the populace asked
In Prussia, however, In spite of the
ready promises of the frightened King
terrible and bloody conflicts ragged If
the streets of Berlin, which were only
quelled, after many lives had been lost
by the soldiery. The result of this.
however, was the establishment Of {
new and more liberal constitution fol
the kingdom. Perhaps no government
bore the test of this universal outbreal
better than that of Belgium. There
the King told the people frankly that i
they wanted to be rid Of him he wa'
quite ready to go. The Belgians appre
ciated his honorable position, declared
themselves in favor of his continued
rule, and the revolution passed harm
lessly away. In England there wa
much alarm reused by the activity dis
played by the Chartists. This was tn
name adopted by political party whicl
for some years had been contending TO
certain political reforms embodied in
bill of rights called "The People
Charter" These made arrangement
for presenting a monster petition t
Parliament, and planned to have it car
ried to the door of the House Com
mons at the head of procession c
nearly a million people. The object c
this undoubtedly was to make such
parade of physical force as should quit
overawe the Government. However
the authorities were beforehand wit
: the agitators. An enormous force {
special constables and soldiers, 200
600 in all, under the command OF til
Duke of Wellington, were lntruste
with the task of keeping order in Loi
don on that day, April 10, 1S48. Th
manifestation of power so impresse
/ the populace that the great Charts
demonstration was a wre he'd failur
) The gathering in Kensington Commo
{ amounted to not more than 10000, an
: the great procession was not formed
3 all. After some speech-making u
: crowd quietly dispersed, and this w
the end of the revolution IN Englan
, It may be said, however, that thoue
the immediate results of 1S4S were We
s disappointing to the hopes of its lea
e ers the ultimate effect of the agitatit
I was to greatly strengthen the cause
o popular liberty in Europe. - Int
Ocean.