davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
npobeIlo Citizens Deny
Charge of PIunderine.

OTTAWA, Ont, Nov. 6-James Johnston,
commissioner of customs, has addressed a
communication to the Citizen, to show the
falsity of charges which have appeared
against the inhabitants lof Campobello and
adjacent island, that they had been guilty Of
the gross and cruel crime of plundering and
otherwise maltreating the citizens of East
yort, on the occasion of the late disastrous
fire by which that city was visited.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
RussIan Moxements.

1t is alleged in Russian quarters that move
ments similar to the one at Boargas ON
Wednesday are being made in several towns
in Roumelia. 1t is said that forces under
Captain Nabokoff seize the authorities Of the
town and then proclaim Russian rule.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08

PIrTsBURG, Nov. 7.-Emile Winters's
grease rendering establishment, McCanvay
Y Torley's foundry, and the Westinghouse
Machine Company foundry were burned
this morning. The buildings adjoined each
other on Liberty street and occupied nearly
the entire square between 25th and 26th
streets. They were brick and iron clad and
extended back to Spring alley, a distance of
about 100 feet. The fire started in Winters's
grease factory and an amount of inflamma-
BILE material spread east and west envelop-
ing two foundries before the fire department
arrived. In 30 minutes from the time the fire
was discovered the buildings were in ruins.
The total loss was $4,000. All of the build
ings were fully insured.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
mr.. Blaine Still In New York.

NEW YORK, Nov. 7.-Mr. Blaine is still at
the Fifth Avenue Hotel. He told reporer
today that he did not know when he would
leave the city. He thought he might remain
for several days yet. He was rendered din
ner last night by Mr.. Stephen B. Elkins at
the latter's residence in New York. Those
present were Gen. w. I. Sherman, Chaun-
cey NJ. Depew, VIM. Walter Phelps, White
law Reid and many other distinguished
guests.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08

Articles Of agreement for dash Of 125
yards, have been signed by. George II.
Smith Of Fitchburg, Pa, and Henry M.
johnson, champion OF America, also OF
Fitchburg. The race will be for $1,000 and
will take place at the exposition driving
park, on the afternoon Of Dec. 9th.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
A Fatal Accident.

CINCINNATI, Nov. THE little steamer
Dale that plies up the Ohio IA miles, blew up
Two men in fright jumped overheard and
were drowned
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
THE WEATHER.
WASHINGTON. NoY

WASHINGTON, Nov. s.
The indications for Maine, New Hamp-
shire and Vermont are fair weather, slightly
warmer.
The indications for New England are fair,
slightly warmer weather, northwesterly
winds.
Cautionary northwest sig.lals continue
from Boston to Eastport.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08

At the annual meeting Of the Golden cross
Circle, Tuesday afternoon. Mrs. John Baker
was elected president. Mrs. Leander
Moody vice nrealdept; Mrs. Charles Carlll.
secretary. Mrs Merrill Hall, treasurer The
circle gave an oyster supper In the evening
The Golden Cross contemplate building q
navy hall
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
= shIpwrecked crew Rescuea.

New YORK, Nov. 6'-Schooner Anna b.
Hutcheson,. lately arrived, reports that, on
Oct. l4th, they picked up the shipwrecked
crew OF the Spanish bark Tres Auroras, aud
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08

been underway In Fifth Avenue, New York,
the granite blocks which are used coming
from the Mount Waldo quarries In Maine
operated by the New York and Maine raw
ing Block Company.
Horace ID. Benson, postmaster at West
Hollis, died Thursday
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
EarmIngton,s NeIghbor.

PHILLIPS, Nov. Cat a special town meet
ing proposition to purchase steam fire en-
gine and other fire apparatus was rejected by
an overwhelming vote, as was also motion
to appropriate $500 for hose. Phillips has
one hand engine.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
LOCAL WEATHER REPORT.

Mean daily bar. ..29. 9.445 Maximum ther. ..55.9
Meani daily ther. .41.2 Minimum ther.. ..3o.6
Mean daily. wIpt.31.5 Max. vel. wind44 Fam
Mean daily hum... 6S7 Total precip..... ..0.39
METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.
(Nov. 7, 1886, 1000 p. NJ
Observations taken at the same moment of time
at all stations.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
Colby University.

The appointments for the Senior exhibi-
tion to occur the last Wednesday evening OF
the present term, Nov nth, have been an
nouneed as follows; G. E. Cook, G. G. Rich
ardson, w, +. Watson, f. X. Owen and Miss
Winnie Brooks. The hve junior parts al
ready announced win be in connection with
this exhibition.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08

Failures.

The following are late failures reported In
Maine;
f. A. Young, dealer In general merchan-
disc, South Hancock has failed. He has la
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
False Rumor about senator Eyarts,

New YORK, Nov. 6.-The rumors of the
death Of Senator Evarts are denied. He left
for his country house at Winsor, Vt, this
morning.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
The Adams Express Robbery

ST. LOUIS, Nov. 6.-Specials from Nevada,
Mo-, says that Frank James has sent TO Su-
perintendent Damsel of the Adams Express
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
MuzzIIng the Irish Press.

the Roscommon Herald, has received notice
that he will be prosecuted for publishing re-
solutions adopted by branches of the Ma
tional League The United Ireland Of Dub
lin has received similar notice.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
The Death Rate.

The whole number Of deaths in the city for
last week was 49, from the following
causes:
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
Congressman LAWYERS Election to
be Protested.

INDIANAPOLIS. Nov. 6.-Daniel F. Gleeson
who ran against Frank Lawler for Congress
in the Second Illinois district stated today
that before the day was over he would pro-
duce affidavits from man who will swear
he saw election judges in some precincts
erase fgnres credited to Gleeson and substi-
tute others.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
ARequest for $3.50, 900 Apprspria-


Prof Spencer F. Baird asks Congress to
ing of the flank of the Smithsonian building
ON the West. Another similar sum win
probably be needed to finish the structure.
Prof. Baird says such a building is much
needed as the present museum is greatly
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
CIDER BARRELS.

A FINE lor of barrels Just received and for sale
"A by X. STANLEY SON, 4lO Fore Street,
Portland. sep20du
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
Irish National League,

LIVERPOOL, Nov 6-Five hundred dele
gates attended the convention of the Irish
National League Of Great Britain in this
city to-day. Among those present were
Thos. Power O'Connor, Joseph Biggar, Mr..
0'Brien, and the members of the Irish par
liamentary party. President O'Connor said
he never had such faith in the success of the
leagues cause as he had now. After lengthy
pressing gratitude to Mr.. Gladstone, America
and Australia, for their generous aid.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
An Elevator Burned.
An $4,000 Blaze.

CLEVELAND. Nov. THE Otis grain ele-
vator on River street was burned today. The
loss is $4,000: insured.
The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-11-08
STARTLING REPORT.
United States Steamer Manhattan
Reported to Have Foundered
And Her Officers and Crew to Have
Been Lost.
The Vessel Last Seen off New Ha-
ven, Conn.,, Harbor.
A Heavy Gale Prevailing and Much
Wreckage Coming Ashore.

New iHAvEN, Conn, Nov. 7.-United
States Steamer Manhattan is reported to
have foundered about half a mile off the
mouth Of this harbor this morning and all
hands are supposed to have been lost.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
Death OF Mrs. Ann Pouiads.

In the Salem toregon) Statesman of July
4th we find the following obituary notice OF
Mrs Ann Poujade, the step mother of T. C..
Poujade of Ward
Friday afternoon, when the old church bell
tolled forth Its mournful notes II announced to
our citizens that that good and noble woman
Grandma Ann Poujade, had quietly and peace.
fully passed over the silent river, at her home
near Gervals, July 2, 1885.
Grandma Ann Ponjade was 90 years, months,
and 10 days old. at the time Of her death. She
was born March %. 1898, In Lancaster county.
Pennsylvania, and was married to DR.. j. p.
Poujade in 1888, In Perry county, Ohio, with
whom che immigrated 10 Illinois In the fall OF
1890. and to Oregon in lsi7. Here she located
on farm with her husband on French Prairie,
half mile south Of the present town of Ger,
vais, on the ground where the celebration OF
the Fourth Of July 10 to be held next Monday
She had no children Of her own, but che leaves
three step-sOns TO mourn her loss-the Oldest,
Louis II. Poujade, residing near Geryais; the
the second. T. c. Boujade, residing al Ward
Nevada: the third. Andrew Poujade, in Lane
county, ORIGIN.
mrs. PouJade retained all her 70 culties unim-
paired until within a short time Of her death.
She was a woman OF very strong mind and
varied Information, and In early days was said
to be The best politician Ia Marion county
She always took an interest in the prosperity
and welfare Of The country. and to her homer
aud glory she will be laid 10 rest on the day
that s dear to every Americ an heart, the 10th
anniversary Of American Independence. She
was devout Christian and a faithful member
OF tie Catholic Church, aud will b. laid TO
rest in the Catholic cemetery nc S; Louis
Marion county, st u N July 9TH, b, tho side
OF her beloved husband, who preceded her
eleven fears. Her remains will be followed
to the grave by a large coi'coarse of people,
who viii pay the last tribute to that good add
true old poeeer, Grlnd,na Ponilde. May sho
find eternal rest
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

Come ex-senator Stewart. Come
and tell US of Taylor, how 1t was you
voted for the decentralization of silver
in 1873. Come, tell Us that beautiful
little history ofthe Emma mine. Come,
tell US all you know of Pacific railroads.
Come, tell US of that beautiful mansion
In Washington, how II was built, and
If it IL not your SOILS delight to &C.
cupy it once more. Come and tell US
you are going to be "perIhanent res
ident" of Nevada and dwell among US
forevermOre. We woHld like to hear
these things, because we know you
are sincere and will give ue no taffy.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
Beat. ali III. Racords.

At Chicago, July 18th. California
broke all the records when Porter
Ashes Brunette won the mile and a
quarter in Booty. Jim Guest second
Buchanan third. and the Californian
Jim Douglas good fourth. The
previous record was 2:07A. made by
Getaway at Saratoga. August 4 1881
He carried 10 pounds as three-year-
old. Brunette only carried l01 pounds,
her maiden allowance.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
Lynchers Arrested.

At Tintic, Utah. one day last week, Philip
Green. Thomas Atkinson, John Murphy
Timothy Sullivan, Timothy Driscoll, Dennis
o'Connor. Dennis Sullivan, John Quinley and
Pat Harrington, were arrested by Deputy T..
s. Marshals and taken TO Salt Lake to undergo
examination for participating in the hanging
OF Joseph Fisher at Eureka in that Territory
on the 9th instant The complaint charges
them with willfnl and deliberate murder. las
Fisher lie said to have committed q cold-blood-
ed murder before he was lynched, 1t is no
likely his murderers will be harshly dealt
with Ed. News.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
winnemucca shaken Up.

The Silver State of the 10th says that
at 4:20 o'clock that morning the
people were startled by an explosion
which shook every building 10 town
from foundation to roof and made
many believe the end of the world had
come. Many persons suddenly awak-
cned by the shock rushed from their
rooms, while others were almost para
lied 10y fright. and for a time were
almost unable to move. camps, pic
lures aud other articles were thrown
from the walls; glass and chinaware
were broken, doors forced from their
fastenings, window blinds torn off, and
windows shattered to pieces. Sufne
thought an @rolite had struck the
earth. others thought lightning had
struck their houses. while many imag-
ined dynamite bombs had been expl0-
ded under their windows. Ii was as
ceftained from persons who were up at
the time that the explosion occurred ut
n. Levy & Co.'S powder house on the
old Humboldt canal above town, where
ton or more of giant and black pow
der was stored. This powder caught
fire from some unknown cause, and
persons who were looking in that dir.
ection SOY that they saw sheet of
flame light up the heavens, and immed-
lately afterwards heard the explosion.
which was followed BS cloud of dust
which rose high in the Air. No one
was killed, but The damage to property
is said to reach considerable sum.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
eth Lower L.v.I."

The clover levels" of he B lse Range are
becoming az notorious for ''a,iag away" with
men a. the wharfs OF New York or of San
Francisco. Unsophistiealed Wine piners
are c1aiioned against tie pitfal Of hureka's
sinfs .aetrppos ia the following, whicl We
clip :. n ! leading Journal
The ntlnel 'arns that another mysterious
disapp arance has occurred In these parts. II
appears that during the fret part of June
James King care 20 Eureka from Hamilton
and registered ~ the Bureau otel. He had
for some tim" IN emplo, ed az a Waterman
at the Sweetw company's mill there, and
had got leave of absence for a week, intending
TO return the following Monday morning.
His GRAND 10 Eurka was. IL Is said, to transact
some business the character OF which no one
seems 10 know. He brought with him 500 in
coin, and he had to his credit with The sweet
water Company quite all amount for service
rendered. After stopping at the hotel day
"r two he spoke Of going 10 Palisade, and
squared his account for board and lodging.
He Afterwards changed his mind and took
lunch a. the hotel and paid for IL. That after
noon he disappeared and has not since been
seen either In town or in Hamilton. His
White Pine friends are apprehensive that he
has been fonlly dealt with He lie tenn
perate man, abont 30 years Of age Of light
sandy complexion, about six feet In hight.
and weighing probably 10 pounds. He had
lost a finger OF one of his hands,
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
Thomas Frseh,li'a viii.

The Virginia Enterprise of Sunday
says: The will Of the late Thomas
Treehill was filed for probate yester.
terday. The testator appointed Mr..
Frank Golden, his nephew, as ad.
riihistrator, and Mrs. L. Byiog-
ton, his sister, administrative. without
bonds. The instrument devises $780,
900 each to his four sisters and two
brothers. Frank Is bequathed the 10,
AMI building now occupied by him as
a jewelry store. His fees as admins:
traitor will net him in the neighi.or-
hood of $4,000.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
A ~ 600 EuRRet.

The Sierra City (Cal) Tribune of
July 9th. records the finding of gold
nugget in drift mine in Gold Valley,
Is miles from that place, and saws
This huge specimen. with the quartz
that chung to it, weighed 81 pounds,
and the gold alone tipped the scales
At. 32 pounds amounting to about
$1,000. The nugget was brought to
town last Saturday evening. Five
years ago a chunk weighing 2,90O
was picked up in these diggings.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

The Piochc Record of the nth says Last
Sunday evening at PAnaca. about sh o'clock.
Elias Hunt was struck by lightning. He was
engaged IN washing his hands In basin OF
water that rested on the stove, when the
lightning came down the stovepipe, hitting
Hunt on tho shoulder, and running down his
arm and side, entering the floor and tearing
up the planks. Hunt was paralyzed for q
day, but is now much better.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

In less than month two Eureka
frauds have visited this town aud skip
ped out leaving unpaid bills. The
last was H. forenoon. ieweler. repre-
senting, as he claimed, the firm of P.
Steler. Mr.. Stelef is gentleman we
have long known and esteemed, but
his agent, if such he was. had better
he replaced by more honorable man.
Our people had better lei those adven-
turers severely alone. We certainly
shall.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
information for Voters.

State Printer Harlow is getting oui
a neat pamphlet. about 35 pages, con-
tanning compilation of the laws re
laiing tn elections. 1t will he distrib.
iitcd to- the County Clerks IF the State
nv Secretary of tate Dnrmcy. as soon
H. fhe binding Is finished. Il is com
plere in every particular, containing
The law governing registration, the
general election, and the primary cleo.
iions.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

Miss Nellie f. Davis, who resided
with her mother, Mrs. Lovejoy, in
Carlin last year, committed suicide in
Chicago, on the evening Of July 9Th,
by shooting herself in the head. She
Nas to have been married to Carl Haws,
ay6uhg man well known in Carlih and
Battle Mountain, on the 9th of July.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

From Hon. Robert Briggs, just in
from Osceola, we learn that Jack Gil.
mer, who owns half the Eagle mining
and milling property, has leased the
other half from ex-senator Spencer:
He has now force of men at work on
both mine and mill. and expected to
start the mill the latter part of this
week.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
Bullion ahinmnnfh.

The Argus Mining Company ship
PED this week through Wells, Fargo
q Co.'S Express, bars of bullion, val
ued at $4,000.
The Martin White Mining Company.
o. o. Ward, shipped this week through
wells, Fargo and Co.'S Express, 4 bars
oi bullion, valued at S., 400.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
Gas Eins.

supt. Culver. of lhe Martin White
at Ward, shipped this week bullion
025 fine, while dispensing with the
roasting process. This is the best
showing ever made there. Even with
roasters, which are heavy expense,
Martin White bullion never before
went over 715 fine.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
Saving and rIendinR.

Mrs. J: Ranger, at her residence on the hill,
back of Ross Humphreys. is prepare ed to do
all kinds OF sewing, cleaning, pressing and
repairing on gents clothing Also, ladies
hair switches, curls and hair flowers. Prices
to suit the times
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

The editor of the Dcs RET News, pub
lishcd at Salt Lake, is in jail for hav-
ing four wives. and the San Francisco
Attn offers to paw his fine if he will
divulge tn the profession the secret of
how he. managed to support four wives
upon the profits of one newspaper.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

Tom Duncan. who was sentenced TO
10 years in the State Prison at Carson,
for attempting to rob the Tuscarora
stage, was pardoned by the Prison
Board last Monday.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

j. r Curb, Chairman.
JOHN WEBER. Secretary
This was unanimously voted 10 J. F. Cupid
to reimburse him In put fOt deficiency rightly
due him on account of nh; celebration Of 1885.
lie declined to keep IL and has turned this
balance over to the Taylor School Fund.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
WHITE PINE DEMOCRACY.
Proceedings OF the County Csntrai
Committee.

Proceedings OF the County Central
COMMITTEES.
The Democratic County Central
Committee convened IN Hamilton at
P. N. July 18th, and was called I'd
order by the Chairman, Mr.. R0ckhill,
and.
On motion. John McKernan was ap-
pointed Acting Secretary.
The following precincts were repre-
sented in person Or by proxy:
Hamilton-ThOmas Rockiiill, John
McKernan, Charles Wray (rHomas
RockhiIl, proxy.
Eberhardt Dennis McAlleh.
Treasure Hill-Thomas KennA IT.
Z. Shine. proxy.
Colo Creek-A. A. Conover &C. u.
Thackston, proxy.
Newark-Richard Robinson (unrep-
resented).
Ward-Sol Hip.
Taylor-J. F. Cupid, VIM. Borth.
wick, I. E. Edwards (P c. Webef,
proxy for ally.
White River-Thomas Ellison.
0sceola-Chas. Busy (P. C. Weber,
proxy.
Spring Valley-N. C. Noe Up. c.
Weber, proxy.
5che!ibourne-Wm. Burke Up. e.
Weber, proxy.
Cherry Creek-T. f. Shine. John
Weber, Geo. +. Parker Up. G. Weber,
proxy for latter two).
Monitor Mill. Douglas Up. c.
Weber, proxy.
EIy-J"hn Henry Up. C. Weber,
proxy.
Duck Creek-John Cowger lunrep-
tesentedJ.
On motion, II Mas ordered that the
County Convention be held at Taylor.
On motion, it was ordered that the
Delegates for State and County Con.
ventiOns be held at the respective pre-
cincts on Saturday, the 2lst day Of
August, between the hours of and 7
o'clock p. n.
On motion, il was ordered that the
County Convention be held ON Wed
nesday, September 90, 1888, and that
said Convention consist OF 81 Dclegste
auDortioned as follows:
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
POsrOFFIcE aOURs.

u.p opens 8 4, l. and closes loP. =.
1..,.,sred mall Closes At 7P.N.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24

On motion. II WAS ordered thai the
apportlonmcnt for Delegates tn the
State Convention, tn he elected at said
PRIMARY election, be rs follows:
IIanilton, Treasure City. White River.
Cold Crees aud Newark .......s.. $50. =
Cherry Ste X. Sael D3drne. Auram aud
ihDs hlli s*#s .-ssAE ts.s...... i
oseeo,a, Snake aud sprihg Valleys 80 -.
TAYLOR. Manilor aud Af:ns Mills, Robinson
Ely an1 blck Creek Observation-Disclosures. 3
The CpmnIttee adjourned subject
tn the Gull OF the Chairman.
The White Pine news. [volume] (Treasure City, Nev.) 1868-1906, 1886-07-24
a+par, IF Four,h Of July comm,,,-.

Following the report Of the receipt. aud ex.
peuddu5e- Of The Fourth Of July Committee
Amonat subscribed ......=z.. s3i0
AUorut cell sclsd =.,.. S3O6 90
Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1886-01-21
Three Military Companies.

A plan is proposed, which may get
to the committee on militia, in the
Legislature. for having three regi-
ments in the State, one of them to be
the Fifth, with an artillery battery
attached The companies of the other
two regiments are to be stationed
through the State. on the Pennsyl-
vania plan. Heretofore $4,000 a
year has been given by the State for
the military establishment, but twice
that sum is deemed needfUl to make
the military service efficient