West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1886-01-29
Rrelf,Ine or PETROLEUM.
The Various Processes Necessary to the
Production oC Rsnued Oli.

The Various Proeesses Necessary to the /
Production oC Renued Oii.
Processes vary in diAerent establish
ments, but they are essentially as fol- !
lows: Tne c,ule oil Is emplied into
stills made of heavy boiler iron, either
in cylindrical form (placed horizon
tally) or with oval top and corrugated
bottom, underneath which is the fur
mace fire Every roIiusry has series
Of these stills each containing from
six hundred to fifteen hundred barrels.
The former are twelve and q bali feet
In diameter AVID thirty feet In length.
The neat Ol the furnace causes vauors
to rise from the most volatile portions
OF the oil withiu throo hours after firing
up. This yopor cntur- q cob, or worm.
OF iron pipC subm .rgc in cold water
The water cools or condrnses the vapor
into II liquid called "di,liliate". This
condensation in some rcGnerics is Of
tected by permitting the vapor to es-
cape into confined boxes of wgtcr OF
condonsers. In this box or condenser
the vapor is converted into di~tilatc
which passes through apipc 10. the ''rc-
ceiviug-room' and the water sinks To
the bottom of the condenser. and is
Withdrawn.
Al di,tllato is sent to the receivine-
room, where a separation is made ac-
cording to its density. An that is be-
low 60 degrees B (Baumc, standard
of denSitO, pud down to 40 dpgrccs
H., is turned into tank for KEROSENE
lisullatcs. Tho lighter portions, or the
earlier runs from the still, 90 into
ndphthS, gasoline or brnzinr tanks,
while the heavier oils. below 90 de-
greeS B., 20 into the manufacture of
parailine aud luhricatina oil Tho
lightest vapor is called "rhigoleno",
ranging FROM ll6 degrees to lO5 de-
grces B., though il and tho second run
are usually turned iuto the naphthn
tanks. When saved il is used as an
an9athct'c. The next product is known
as "cymoGruc', ranging from lO5 do
grees to 81 degrees r. aud is some
times used IN ice-uachires. liclow
this is 9OsOlcnr, % degrees 70 80 de-
grees B., used largely In country
houses for manufacturing gas. The
Park Avenue Hotel, New York. the
Grand Uhion, Saratoga, aud the Hotel
knatcrSkill are lighted by this kind of
gas. Next comes naputhn, 80 degrees
to o. degrees g., which is extensively
used I'M South American towns for
street-lamp lighting, and in coniIncton
with beuznc, 90 icXvars TO 60 degrees
H., rs substitute for turpcntine in
mixing varnishcs and paints They
are also used rs solvent TO remove
stains and grease aud for cleaning
woods, and Tor this pupjso are of
superior value.
EnuIly ,,r .f,,,o - tI,.t ,,,.tlo, ~
the dislillatc intended for Kerosene. It
is relatively free from the obnoxious
and iuilan,nable elements that char
actrrized tho earlier runs fr,m tile
stills, but IL is necessary TO SUBJ IL TO
further treatment. This distillatc,
therefore, is conveyed into a Utll,
where five Steam is injected into it. the
gentle neat driving of through pipe
large proportion Of its remaining in
llSmnnble ingredients. The method
OF one Of the leading manufactures in
producing their high-tcst oil is TO in
trOduce the oil in the lower part Of q
tank OF water heated to tumDcrature
of 2O6 deg. f.. OF Just below the boil
inS-pOnt The oil rises through the
water, and the ynpor which is thus gem
erHted is ca riad away; the remaining
portion OF the improved dislilluto is
conveyed to large tank called the
"agiiator'
IN this aYilator the dislillate is treat
ed with ono and half 70 two per cent
OF suphIriC acid. Meanwhile cur
rent OF air is forced down tube sub
merged in the dstillstc The air es-
Capes from periOratiOns at its lower
extremity. breaking mp the acid into
minute PARTICLES or atoms, which i'm
sures the closest cOuninglinQ and ad-
mixture of the oil and acd The
pitch which is held in suspension in
the distillato bias greater affinity for
the sulphuric acid, and consequently
flies 10 its embrace. When the cur
ront Of air ccases. tho acid in com
blnation with The pitch is precipitatcd
10 the bottom and drawn on The ncid
acts as a scavcugcr, "swcetcuin2" tho
Off, II goes INTO the agitatOr as white
and clcur as water, and comes ont a
thick, black. aud ttrry substance,
known as "sl"dge or spent acid. I his
sluIge, which has very Offensive
OdOr, is either dumped in deep ocean
or sent a. Barren island 20 be used IN
TIE manufacture ~ artificial frliliZrrs.
The noNt process. is ~ give the dis
tiliste q water BATH. for which purpose
a lHrgo quantity of water is pumped 10
the top Of the ugilatOr, and falling 20
'hc butpm. clegnses IT'S contents. re-
moving the light films Of acid thst oiHy
attnch ~ tie oil gloLu'es solution
Of cHu-tic soda is next applied in like
manner 20 ncutrnlizo any rcmsinipg
traces If acid. and to complete tie de-
odOriIatiou Of tho oil This disHllato
has now beeome roHi1d oil. but to
tighten aud brighton its color It is with
drawn into settling pans. where il is
blfacIcd from twelve 10 forty. oiglt
hour. 10 is tron barrclcd on packed in
woOd-Iucased tin cans, and madc ready
for shipment to- cousuinors nt home or
abroad Georgc H. GibsoR in Hayber's
Hag4sMe.