davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
A Valuable

In India the mongooso is the great
ally Of the native in his constant strife
with tho snakes. OF the mongoose
there is a tale. sufficiently famii,ar. no
doubt, and yet apt in its application
Just here. In an American railway
carriage thore ono %juurneycd a quiet
gentleman, having between his feet a
basket of peculiar shape. An inquisi-
tive stranger asked him what tho
basket might contain. ut contains a
mongoosc," was tho answer: ..And
what is a mongooscf" the stranger
queried. "a mongoosc." ,hY gentle
mar replied politely, '.is an East India
animal that Kills suakes." ':And what
might you want u mongoose for now?"
continued the inquisitive stranger.
''Well," answered the stranger, II
have q b%roli,er-in-luw who has been u
little too fond Of tanglcfoot whisky,
and sometimes i!e secs snakes, and so
l am taking :ais mongoose 10 him to
kill the snakes" The inquisit,vc
stranger hesi,a.ed q moment. and then
no said: ''i;u, those are not real
snakes your brott,er-in-law secs!" 81
know it," returned the quiet gentle
man. ''aud this is not IL real mon.
goose!'-s0tuedu Rcv:c,r.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
BUSINESS NOTES.

Try our new tea and you will use no
other. Lee Bros. SO
Buvyour wall paper at c. McTaggart's,
Kelly avenue, 43tf.
For maple syrup and New Orleans
molasses, call at Pasquale De Flores. 4ltf
Another carload Of good mich co ws
for sale byDodd & Dill. 2stf
Lee Bros. have received an importation
of tea direct from Japan. 80
60 to J. L. Locke Il Co.'s for black.
smithing and buggy repairing. ll4tf
Large stock of cigars, guaranteed Ha-
wanna filters, wholesale and retail. at
p. Do Flores. 4l-tf
Don't sell your Ramsey county war.
rants until you 500 A. o. Whipple. ~
Elegant sleighs of all descriptions,
cheap for cash. Inquire at Lee Bros.
Our tea is put up In perfection tea cans.
1t will never lose Its strength. Lee Bros.
Cushions, dashes and carriage tixings
car. be found at J. E. Locke T. Co.'S. ll4tf
Fine bologna sausage, 10 cents or h.;
select oysters, Is cents per can; standard
oysters, IS cents per can, at Pasquale De
Flores. 4l.tf
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
which a o special examination Of the

which a more special examination Of the
returns of the sex of those born within
the year, in Ramsey county, corrobo-
rates and confirms, and that is that the
number Of girl babies born was greater
than the boys, during the year ending
May 81, 1885, and by analogy therefore
it is fair to assume that this year will
witness the same result. This must be
a satisfaction and a relief to our friend
Col. DOMAIN, whose heart and earnest eff.
forts have been lavishly given to work
out a scheme whereby the great dispar.
ity between the sexes might be wiped
out. An all wise providence has devised
the way and the colonel il seemingly re-
lieved from duty. I regret that l have
not the figures for the rest of the district
on this naturally interesting point. In
Ramsey the number of male productions
was Is, female So, SO births all told.
There are several other equally interest
ing results deduclble from the foregoing,
as for example. a comparison between
the American and the foreign born pop
ulation, etc. But perhaps the most
striking deduction that can be made is
that which relates to the Character of
the diseases and the causes Of death.
Here it will be observed there is no
prevalence Of any of those dread diseases
that have scourged SO many portions of
the country and brought sorrow to many
communities and which in our ozone at
mosphere have not and cannot have any
foothold; only one case of diphtheria in
Benson county and one of typhoid fever
in Ramsey, while malaria is unknown.
Consumption, which is invariably CON
tracted out of the territory and brought
here in the hope of a cure, had 8 VIC
Tins, but IF how many. to whom the
lfe-prolonging, health.producing prop.
critics Of our climate have been a bless.
and a god send. no figures can be given
and no estimate can be made, but that
there are many who thank God that
their steps have been toward Dakota, in
search Of Its princely boon of health and
have found, 1t there is no doubt.
There is in the above facts and figures
abundant food for thought to occupy
the time of the student, the philosopher,
the lover of his kind and the members
of your Chautauqua circle for many All
evening this winter. There is enough in
them, from my stand point, to show that
the fecundity and salubrity of the climate
Of the far-famed Devils lake and Turtle
mountain district. cannot be surpassed.
the following table shows in u compre.
hensive manner the figures on which
the foregoing comparisons and develop.
ments were made:
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

/, Ed. G. KiLEY, who has purchased
the Northwood Headlight and is making
an excellent papers Oft, has these items
under the heading Of Journalistic Jots:"
Otis, Of the Bismarck Tribune, is one
of the very best political writers in the
northwest.
The Plaindealer, of Grand Forks, is a
good daily, hut even its. editor doesn't
know its politics.
The Bismarck Tribune is the hand
soonest paper in the territory. but the
less said Of its politics the better.
The INTER OCEAN, ofDevils Lake, is tie
Hansbrough has plenty of brains, and
be knows precisely what to do with 'em.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
KERsAl STEELE, the Kidder county

KERNA1 STEELE, the Kidder county
patriot who claims to be representative
of the "morals' Of his community, is in
Washington lobbying to secure the
passage ola bill giving him a school sec.
ton upon which he laid out q part ofthc
town of Steele, afer the land ,uas Surveyed.
It's the same bill that Steele asked John
B. Raymond to introduce, and Mr.. Ray
mond refused. Steele then swore ven
gance upon Raymond, and helped to de.
feat the latter at Pierre in 1854. The
INrER-OcEAN is sorry that Delegate
Clifford introduced the bill that Steele is
N ow trying to get through.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
Confirmed.

Tho senate in executive session We'd
nesday confirmed the following Dakot ia
nominations: VIM. B. Mcconnell, as
sociate justice Of the supreme court of
Dakota; Bartlett Trip, chief justice Of
the supreme court of Dakota. Postmas.
ters-L. NJ. Thomas, Watertown; M. P.
slattery, Bismarck; ]. D. Pratt, Ipswich:
G. T. Lashell, Larimore, E. w. Car,
Woonsocket: ]. g. Wharton, Glendale;
?. B. Brod, Lisbon. W. P. Carr, Sioux
Falls,
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
CAUSES OF DEATH.


Cholera lnfaltum, l; measles, l; diph-
therea, l; scarlet fever, 1; consumption,
8; typhoid fever, l; diseases Of the ncr.
vous system, S; respiratory system, a;
other diseases, q; not stated, 9; acct.
dents and injuries, 10. The latter are
specifically returned as follows: Burned,
l; drowned, 1: exposure and neglect,
(lost i'll a snow storm up in Rolette coun-
ty) l; suicide, 8, 2 Ivy shooting and l
throat cut; struck by lightning, 2; other
accidents and INJURIES 2. Total10. An
examination of the foregoing figures de-
velops some very curious and interesting
results. In the first place, the death
rate is very low, being only 80 to the
1000, while that for the territory is a lit
tie over 6 to the 1000. 1t is lower than
any state Of the Union, the death rate
throughout the United States, ranging
FROM s to Is per 1000. This fact, which
may be established by comparisons with
the Isl of 1880, settles the question
of health in Dakota and notably in the
district herein described. AS is gener.
orally the case everywhere else, infant
mortality is very large, but the largest
proportion of death occurs among those
between the ages Of 81 ind 50, and what
is especially observable, among the sim
gle persons. This is probably to be &C
counted for by the fact that by far the
largest proportion Of Dakota's popula-
ton is made up Of masculine bone and
sinew Of other states and countries, the
percentage Of males (1l,043) being GIL
while that of females (7026) is 1873, but
Y further examination discloses the fact
that the death rate among the married
persons Is less than that among the lin.
gle. above the age of 81; for the former
it is Ain q 1000, for the latter 4.s in a
1000. If there is any IL lesson to be
learned from the fact Of so great a NOR
tality among the single between 81 and
SO, and the comparatively small death
rate among married people, it is this,
that the divine mandate should be obey.
cd, and, st. Paul to the contrary not
withstanding, that it is q good thing to
get married if youdesire to prolong life.
f"0id timers' like the subscriber can
take comfort from the fact that the least
number of deaths occur between 50 and
GO, only 8 out of 70 deaths-lit.le over 4
per cent. Of the Is deaths that occur.
red under 6 years Of age, IL were Infants
under ! year, and Of these II, 5 were
jIitlles and 6 femalesy this fact, taken in
connection with the number sof 6tFths re-
lporsiet )haws . most gratifying result,
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
A Card from Ephriam

Dear Sir: In reply to the charge made
against me by your correspondent "R."
in your issue Of last week, in respect to
the report concerning Edwin D. Bccker's
farm and operations, I have only to say
that all the figures given in that report
were written down on paper by Mr..
Becker and sanctioned by him. In fact
! had n little suspicion that perhaps he
had strained things a little too much,
and to make it douhly sure that it was
correct I let some persons see the report
whom I knew were in a position to
know all about Mr.. Becker's farm and
improvements, and did not receive from
them any contradiction to it. In gath.
ering news Of \ general character again
from this neighborhood, Mr.. Editor. I
shall certainly be very careful that I do
not come in contact with any person
from the town in which RI" lives and
which, he represents in your paper, but
will leave them to be dealt with by him.
I would advise MI. "R.". tina, if ever he
makes any more charges against your
Bartlett correspondent to see whether
ho has the right bull by the horns or
not. Yours, very truly,
EPHR1AM Woop.
BARTLETT, Jan. 20.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

Bishop Turner, a prominent colored
Georgian. urges the young mon of his
race to seek homes on the government
lands OF the west instead Of c'inging to
tho eastern cities and engaging In oc.
equations too often servile. Says the
bishop: You might take the BRIGHT
est, young man in Georgia aud lot him
come out OF Harvard or Yalo with q
diploma as large as q bcd-sheet. but
after he has blacked boots for three
mouths at q. hotel his manhood is gone
for life"
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
Bucklen's Aru1ca salve.

The best salve in the world for Cuts,
Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum,
Fever Sores, letter, Chapped Hands,
Chilblains Corns, and all Skin Er%uptions,
and positively cures P les, or no pay
required. 1t is guaranteed to give
perfect satisfaction, or money refunded.
Price 25 cents per box.
For Sale Bv Bennett & Horsman,
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
The 1NrER-ocEAN calls Commissioners

The INTER-OcEAN calls Commissioner
Sparks especial attention to the forego-
ing tables. 'Ofthe five And half million
acres in the district, only a little over
n and a half million acres have been
settled upon-or, as Mr.. Sparks would
put 1t, only a little over one and a half
million acres have been ''stolen... Less
than half a million acres were ''stolen"
last year, and at this rate it will require
ten years to''steal', all the land in tho
district. BY that time Mr.. Sparks will
be hoeing potatoes for a Lying in the
gumbo "bottoms''of Illinois, for he is a
dead failure as q statesman.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

"THE gentleman from Cavilier" with
five proxies in his pocket. turns out to
be a resident of Ransom county. His
proxies were manufactured IN the Fargo
Argus Office, under the immediate super
vision Of Fatty Edwards, the libeler Of
the dead.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

WlAT next! is the question that is
being asked by those who love to feed
upon sensations and fear the last will
end the feast. live could only have an
Indian massacre, accompanied by an
earthquake, the calendar would be full.
Devils Lake is marching to the front as
a metropolis, and if the periodical con-
vulsions continue the next horror will be
the starting of a daily paper to record
the startling eventa.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
DOG TAX.
ORDINANCE No. 10.

An ordinance to annul ordinance No. s Of the City Of
Devils LAX , d. T.
The bard u trustees Of the City Of Devils Lake. D.
T., do ordsin as foil
Bee. /, That section one ~ Of Ordinance Number sx
(6) Of the City Of Devils Lake, y. 7, b amended 70 -
10 read as follows: section !, Every owner or keeper
Of . dog owned or kept in the CITY ofDsvils Lake
shsll ON Or before the nrst day Of January ofe ch year
cause such dog to b registered, nunlered and licsnssd
for one year from January !, aud such dog. attsr being
licensed shall wear around bis neck . collar having Ut.
tached thereto . metal tax With the registered number
Of such dog stamped thereon: Tho owner or keeper Of
such dog shall psyfor such ltesnse the sum OF one SD
dollar for each male dog aud two t42) dollars &r each
female dog over six month"; old, which sum shall b
paid II the city marshsl and bis receipt therefor shall
be presented to the city treasurer and . license issued
by said treasurer scc0ldingiy."
Sec. 2, This ordinance shall b In force from and after
NJ passage and publication.
rsssed Dec. l6. lSs5.
PssSssss Ssasa 4 ssssssss
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

THE Fargo convention. resulted disas.
trously to the old gang Of marplots who
went there and manufactured proxies
for all the counties unrepresented. On
the question of division nothing was &C.
complished beyond the test made upon
the ''sand" of the ringsters. 1t developed
tina: the ring vas long on bogus prox-
les and short on s:sand."
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
INTERESTING STATISTICS.
Some Valuable Figures on Ram.
sew and Other, Counties.

VIVIAN SASASS0AO &A6AAO va AkStl1As
sey ana Other Counties.
Editor htr-O Ocean: As a Ramsey coun-
ty old settler, rejoicing i'll everything
that concerns its welfare and prosperity,
with a desire that the merits of that region
should be known to the world and the
rest Of mankind, I have taken occasion,
in my humble way, to furnish to the
press, for the information of the people
OF Dakota as, well as for the enlighten-
ment of the outside world, very many
facts and figures relating to Dakota's un-
paralleled growth as developed by the
recent census, and especially those which
redounded to the renown Of old Ramsey.
This county was very fortunate in hav'
ing for enumerator one of its most esti-
mable citizens, whose returns can be de-
pended on for their correctness and re-
liability. Noteworthy and truly may
this be said Of DR.. Ruger'ss mortuary
statistics, and as Ramsey county and the
Devils lake and Turtle mountain dis
tricts have been fully written up con-
corning their extraordinary increase in
population as we'll rs in respect to the
development Of their agricultural re.
sources, l propose to enable you to fur
nish food for reflection for the readers of
the 1NTER-OcEAN in the matter of those
statistics relating to births and deaths, in
which we are naturally more OF less in
terested; the replenishing of the earth
being an injunction of divine origin,
while the preservation of health and the
prolongation Of life are both equally de-
sired, if not as sacredly eljoined as the
multiplication of the human race. For
the purpose Of a proper presentation Of
the results which the mortality statis-
tics develop, after the manner Of the U.
s. census Of 1880, I have taken the fol-
lowing named counties as composing
what I have designated as the Devils
lake and Turtle mountain group, in con-
tradistinction to the Red river valley Or
the Missouri slope; for it cannot be de-
MED that there is a great difference be-
tween them, at least In respect to the
characteristics of the soil if not the cll-
mate.
The counties referred to are Ben
son. Bottineau, Cavalier, De Smet, Eddy,
McHenry, Nelson, Ramsey, Renville,
Rolette, Towner, Ward, Wynn and a
strip Of land lying between Ramsey, Cav
alier and Walsh, not in any county;
quite y large area,as will be observed bv
reference to the map, and containing in
June last 1909 inhabitants, which fora
country that didn't contain any settlers
four years ago is q fact almost bordering
on the marvellous.
The statistics being quite numerous
are given in tabulated form as follows:
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
Railroad Rumpl,ng,

(. The Dunseith Times Of Jan. 8 says;
"A letter from w. A. Hhlhouse to a
friend here, states that on his way east,
between St. Paul and Chicago, he was
accompanied bya gentleman whom he
knows to bea large contractor, and who
told him that he 1.-THE c%ontractor) had a
contract from the Manitoba road to
grade and huild bridges 100 miles north.
west from Devils Lake during the season
of 1885,"
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

BORROWERS should write to the
Dakota Investment Company Of
Grand Forks for terms on FARM
and CITY loans. Highest price
paid for SCHOOL, COUNTY and
MUNICIPAL BONDS and WAR.
RANTS. Correspondence Solicited.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
Reward.

$50 reward paid for the arrest and con-
viction of the party or parties who
broke into the granary o N sec 4, township
Isl. range "a, and stole wheat thercfrom,
or 500 reward for the arrest and convic-
ton Of the party or parties and recovery
of the wheat stolen; and 500 reward paid
far tho arrest. detection and conviction Of
granary hereafter.
80 G. 8. CONVERSE.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

Final proofs in the Grand Forks land
district can be made before John w.
Maher, Notary Public, at Devils Lake,
Oak. SIT .
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
OFFICIAL PAPER OF THE COUNTY AND CITY
Fatty EDWARDS has %softening Of the
brain, If it is he who is doing the silly
Ribberish business Of the Argus.
The Ozone Office at Steele was de-
stroyedby fire Monday night; no insur-
ance The editor has our sympathy.

STEELE, Kidder county, the home Of
Kernal Steele, is %luxurating in a six
percent tax levy. And still Burke was
arrested for saying there had been some
Steeling in Kidder.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
A Girl

A Girl
Who wants a good permanent home,
with light work, will do we'll to call ut
this office. 43tf
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
1000 Role
Rooms to Rent.

Ofwall paper for sale by G. McTageart
Kelly avenue. 43tf
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

Chattel money. PLENTY Of it at a reas-
enable rate. G. NJ. Fisher. 44t2
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

Land Once At Devils Lake. Oak, Jan lS, lsae-'
Notice u hereby given that the following named settler
support Of his claim, . ID that said proof will b made
before the Register and Rspeiver At Devils Lake, D +
on March 2, 1856, Wis HENRY Il RUGER, II e II.
VI tn, nwZ, sec Is, { t64. : IS.
He names the following witnesses % provo his con.
tinuous rpsidenoe u on AMI cultivation Of said land:
Ever Wagness P J McClury Gs.rse Lsxvitt william
Flummerfslt, all ofGrand Harbor. Dak.
44.4e NENt:Y Y. LORD. Register
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

Land ONCE at Grand r.sks, Oak. Jan 81, 1885,
Notice 10 hereby xiven that the { flowing named settler
has filed notice Of his intention to make Anal proof In
support Of bis claim, and that said proof will b. made
Oak, on March IL Is 8, viz: NILS OLSON, for the
az Of the ne nwA ne and lot 3. sec 20. tlY reg.
He names the following witnesses to prove his con.
tinuou residence uIyon. and cultivation Of, said land:
Swan Olesun Charles tleson JAG b >o,berg John Chris
topherson, all Of Devils Lake P I. DIX.
A49. u CTlFFANY, Register.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
Lost

On or about Nov. %, a bay gelding
about fifteen hands high, black name
and tail; has a small lump below stifae on
the inside Of left back leg. Persons
heerIng Of the above will kindly com.
m{p1p6te. with Capt. Parker, Cando, OK
T.6JfQish. 4Sttnssu. Aah1
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

Rooms to Rent.
Furnished and unfurnished rooms to
rent over North Shore bank. Apply in
bank. soft
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23

h, For Sale.
I have for sale Int u, block q. corner
Fourth street and Kelly evenpe. adjoip'
jng &s0o 1res. l23 4. o. W1i|4IE.
Devils Lake inter-ocean. (Devils Lake, Ramsey Co., Dakota [N.D.]) 1884-1905, 1886-01-23
Mich Cows
For Sale.

For sale. Frst-class. Inquire Of
80 ALLEN METTLR.
National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1886-01-11
THE COURT RECORD.

Circuit Court-Justice Cox.-Hoover vs. Lit
tleford new trial granted. Morrison vs.. Nc
Gill; judgment for defendant for costs. Hazen
& Co. VS.. Kondig motion to quash granted.
Weinberg vs., Anglo-American Insurance Com
pany; order for security for costs. WalkooslSi
VS.. Anglo-Amerlcan Insurance Company: same
order Herman VS.. Hertzog; same order.
Bierman vs.. Hertzog; same order. Shopleigh
Richold; Judgment for defendant Juenemann
made party. Walden VS.. Richold; Judgment
for defendant. Dupler vs.. Thorn; defendants
motion to dismiss granted, Block VS., Pattison;
motion TO set aside default and inquest granted
and leave TO plead Cooner VS.. Arnold; order
Tor security for costs. Tolson VS.. Inland and
seaboard Coasting Company; jury out Assign
ment for to'dny--Nos. 1853, 6i5, 2lS, o. sos, 597,
800 6O5. 623 G25, 633, 635. 627, and $50,
Circuit Court-Justice Merrick, -Benham VS..
Porter ct al now trial denied; appeal noted.
keyser VS.. Hume; demurrer sustained with
leave to amend. Assignment for to-day-Nos.
6SG 506 $685. Gl2, 57i.
Equity Court-Justice Hagner.-Benson vs..
Morgan ct al; deposit of 81 900 in registry of
court ordered and injunction granted. Shoe.
maker VS.. Campbell; decree granting petition
of John Linkins. Assignment for today-Nos.
16. H. Is, 10, 90 81, % %, 20, g.
Criminal Court-Justice MacArthur-Louis
Sommerfeld; murder; sentenced to be hung.
Richard J. Lee murder: notice of motion to set
aside verdict filed Assignment for to-day-G.
A. Whitaker; presenting false vouchers.