The Portland daily press. [volume] (Portland, Me.) 1862-1921, 1886-08-25


1886. The States referred to are the six of
New England, with New York, New Jersey
and Pennsylvania. In 1861 the country pre-
scented a condition brought about by nearly
an entire generation of free trade, and the
aggregate amount which the people had ac-
cumulated in their savings banks during that
long period was less than one hundred and
sixty millions of dollars. In the same States
on the first day OF January, 1886, the aggre-
gate amount in the sayings banks was over
one thousand and twenty millions of dollars.
The difference in the amount of savings In
Maine for the two periods show that in Jan
uary, 1861, the people had less than million
and half in bank, while in January, 1886,
the people had over thirty-six millions In
bank.
During this period it must be remembered
that the increase of population in the nine
States has been about thirty-five per cent,
while the increase of deposits in savings
banks has been at the rate of eight hundred
per cent.
1t must be remembered that seventy-fve
per cent. of this vast sum belongs to the wage
workers. The vast number of depOSitOrs may
be inferred from the fact that in Maine,
where the aggregate population is less than
seven hundred thousand, the thlrty-slX mil
lions of deposits are divided between 10000
persons, showing that about one in six of the
total population is depositor, and that the
average TO each is about three hundred and
twenty dollars.
The figures with which we are dealing
have been confined to the nine States named
because in 1861 the manufacturing done in
this country was mainly confined to those
States. But the thousand millions of savings
by the workers within their borders become
still more significant, as an economic fact,
when we remember that since 1861 the great
body of Northwestern States under the in
spring influence of a Protective Tariff have
in tuln developed an enormous aggregation
of manufacturing industries. Ohio, Indiana,
Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, are no longer
devoted to agriculture solely but have a mass
of manufacturing industries larger in aggre-
gate value than all the manufactures in all
the States of the Union on the day Mr.. Lin
coin was first inaugurated
And yet another comparison may be made
still more embarrassing to the free trade
dOctrindires and more difficult for them to
answer. While the American workmen in
nine states, working under a protective tar
iff, have over thousand millions of dollars
in savings banks, the vastly greater mass of
working men in England, Ireland, Scotland
and Wales, the whole United Kingdom, all
working under free trade have less than four
hundred millions of dollars in the aggregate
both in savings banks and postal banks.
These figures and these dollars are the most
persuasive of arguments and the conclusion
they teach is so plain that the running man
may read.
THE LABOR QUESTION.
The leading feature in the industrial field
of 1885 and 1886 is the discomfort among the
nnskiliad labor ITneo sineSs and uncertain-
ty are foundon all sides; there are wise aims
among many and with not few there is aim
lessness with its inevitable result of disap-
pointment and encouragement. The man
who could by any prescription remove this
discomfort and at once restore harmony and
happiness would be philosopher, patriot and
statesman The man who processes to be
able to do it will generally prove to be com
n noun of emniricism and iennrance Rut
In the end. perhaps by toilsome paths. with
many blunders and some wrongs. no one
need doubt that sound and inst and righteous
conclusions will he reached. Perfect free
dom to fest the virtues and secure the adyan-
tage of ORGANIZATION. to exert strong power
thTonab combination are certainlT among
the Common RIGHTS Of ali men nnder q Renuh7
Iican government Labor ASSOCIATIONS have
the same sanction and tbe same rights that
any form of INCORPORATION NAV assume-sub-
iect as all must he TO the condition that the
nersons and Dronertv of others shall be re-
snected # Is we'll for every citizen of free
epyernIr emit IN keen before his ewes and in
Ris thnnghts The banored mayim fhat ssthe
liberty nf one man must ALWAYS end where
the RIGHTS of another man begin
I have no new nostrnms to offer for the
cure of labor troubles 7 have no onacIx rem
edies In nronose I am a firm believer in the
efficacv IF the protective tariff and 7 can
e 1n1 u ',G aM 1a
recnrd in Congress &c never Hated hv si ps
ole vote that was not friendlv to the interests
m1o " so
thing ,ob en- vas candidate for nnbiie ~
fee and mi' now as q nrivafe citizen have no
aa " a. -, x+ata ~
tbing else than The sim9le truth as see tbe
0iIt =; q; + III Si;t +bat "o offa so,o
snnaeSt;nnS , 10, seem to me- worthy Of at
az w my Si+at;a 81 ~.
i Ieo,on n,, .aaHo, 'n0 'isu'i " '"o
iapoi 9uesvlon. +o,.,,,oa .bo ,,o,;t;oo, orooa
II Wac may " .ei ;iio 49, ~
" uo va,iouo aauYa " - at
selveu some Slnguial ontisSi9nS 81 telllae nv
anu, az Inliih, GontlIii.ns idoesml la.
, when IN splr1t u lrle d anu canaud,
peg 70 poIlC guy th lehu lew uag3 slnc -
~ z Jieeu p4C ioit ny + a Saeooiaeiua VI
n " ~ ~ dnSrau
o. elsnteeli ulssilicV enGs wilio1 tlluy utnireI
10 ast U tSa.e thera as ot tba
SisItess nlehslon VI piut9c.irG Iali a,as
illsHC nave peeai acciuens s ~ ~ ,iss nay
~ pelaeo. sotSo " saaely -, ~
Slle thot ~ s0 10 ~
naae 5 nleae sHs eia4do NV " ore
az = YoId he oiI fo ta
III any Gvent ~ M4uiu pe wen aoi une iapol
4lgahlzatt t w ulse 81 aquiiG anu aoGea7
"a salt loW 1io m"S4o ~ t' ~, ~ ulto =;
oa ,,d Eao o ~ 10
nv. .;tho1,+ H.
+;n,, of ,,ro+oo+i,za d,tiao with +bo ,racon+
VI " a,,d
r. I onditioS Of tbasa
Ilun oi air I t lily 81 FL od +do
e e -, aaro IN tba TIn;tad StataS Io i1oni
odn 3fbo nanerol Ctandard Of Furonaapn
S,ogoe 'ii do not stop for the detoi Of arg
~, d noT ~ loda o ,as II
me- Any ~ tba miliionS Of Amer;con To-
liio " ~ Vn - IL +bai nnar 70 90;
~; rootin or 70 inaTnrst" free tradn
L b,,o ~ -; +ba; $3.50 ~ ,,nbold +h 49,
~, f I AZ ,,ert Of frea
AZ nj at Iae haen nnoitted
for &c hsWa ohserue S -e3 tho cnnSid
orofo o% andiindgmenf Of tba Iahnr u
tio,e rhaIy can, 70 have taien ittis or no
heed of the eyistance Of more than q million
and u half siIf Of able bodied 1ahorerS in The
South with dark skins bnt with expanding
inteiIect increa SING intelligence and grOwinS
ambition, Wh;Ie these men We're Slaves slaves
yynrkino in the corn and cotton fields in the
rice swsmns and on fine sngar plantations of
the Somth. the skilled labor of the Northern
States felt no competition from them. But
since thew became freemen there has been a
great change in the variety and skill of fine
labor performed by colored men in the South.
The great mass are. of course. still engaged
in Agricultural work but thousands and tens
If Thousands and in fact hundreds of thous-
ands. have entered and are entering the me-
chanicaI and semi-mechancal field. They
y ro -, L;nn n;g and hor iron in Tanneesee
az and ainhampe Thay 70 Inannfactnrino COT
II md Mo Sterers evarvwhere thev
ao I'd ,,ointars tbav arc blact
thou n,aiya wagons and carts thew
maTa cIoars. thew tan leather and make har.
ahe tS sfT Ysn oe and Mats nn river
oo9 Wy ny d III n ,oecaI ~ pnnthor, ,,nrtS