The Red Cloud chief., 1886-01-22
asF,..,mo or persoteu.H.
Jhs vssipss Processes Seeesaasy - sAo
rrsaassi.a Of Reaasa Ot1-

vs,irss Processes Necessary - -
rrsaaesi.s 81 RsassS Osi-
Processes vary in diG~r.n, establish.
ments. but they are essentially - TO-.
lows. The crui. oil Is smp;ied into
stills made Of heavy boiler iron. either
in n cylindrical form (plaeei horison.
tslly) or with oval top and corrugated
bottom. underneath which IL the fur.
mace ire. Every refinery has . series
OF these stills. each containing from
SIT hundred Ia fifteen hundred barrels
Tn. former are twelve and q hal! feet
in diameter and thirty feet in length.
The heat Of the furnace causes vApors
tn rise from the mos. volatile portions
Of the OIL within three hour. after nring
up. This yapor eaters \ cod. or worm.
Of iron pipe submerged in cold water.
The water COOS or cond.nsss the yapor
into = lian;d called "disullAte". Thi.
condensation in some r.hncr.s is .f-
f.c,ed by permitting the vspor to 80
cape into confined boxes Of water or
conicnsers. In this box or condenser
wv sNtAh ~ 49, 49, -
which passes through apipc 20 the re
cei,ing-room'. and the water sinks 10
the bottom 81 the condenser. and Il
Withdrawn.
All disiillatc IL sent 10 the receiving
room. where a separation Is riAdC &C
cording - It's density. All thu, - be-
low % degrees H. tBsumc. standard
of Density. aud down Ia io degrees
Is, i turned into a tank for kerosene
di-tilla,-s. The lighter portions. or he
earlier runs from the stall. - into
naphtha. gasoline or bcnkinc tanks.
while the heavier OILS, below j. de-
grres L., 90 into the manufacture q
psraiiine and ~lubricstlng oLl. The
iightr.t yspor Is called ''rhig"lsnc ,
RANGING from rs degrees Ia loS de-
grecs Il. though II and the second run
are usually turned into the naphlha
tanks. When saved IL - u>ol ~ an
anu,ihelc. The next product - known
a. .'cymogene' ranging from los de-
gre.s To q degrees Il. and j. some
times used in ice-machine~. Below
ihi, j. ga.oi-nc. - degrees 10 81 de-
grrcs y, used largely IN country
hou-e, for manufacturing gas. The
Park Avenue Hotel. New York, III.
Grand Union. Saratoga. and the Hotel
kartcr>kill are lightcd ny this kind II
.1~. Next comes naphtha. ~ degrees
10 g. degrees T.. which il extensively
used in South American towns foo
sir.et-lamp lighting. and IN con unctIon
with bcnzinc. ID degree, To a. degrees
L.. A. a substitute. for turpcntin" IN
,..Stn.. ,.,n.n.- .nt ...tnf- They
are also used a, a solvent To remove
stains and grease and for cleaning
woods. and for this purpose are VI
superior value.
Finally We come 90 that portion 81
the di-tiliatc intended for Kerosene. IL
il relatively free from the obnoxious
and in'iammablc elements that char
sct"rizcd the earlier runs from the
stills, but II il necessary la subject II TO
further treatment. This di-iIllatc.
therefore. l. conveyed into a still.
where live steam i. injected into IL. the
gentle heat driving oh through n pipe
a larg. proportion 81 its remaining in
ilammablc ingredients. ~ method
Of one nf the leading manufactures m
producing their highest oil is to in
o'ii' nv VII III " " IRtA y
tank Of water heated to "A temperature
of 2"6 deg. r, or just below the boil
ing-polnt The oil rises through the
water, and the vaIor which is thus gen
Grated - carried away; tin. remaining
portion Of the improved dis!ills,c l.
conveyed 10 n large TANK called the
'.ayitator".
In this a9itator the di-,illatc is trcNt-
ed with one and = half to two per cent.
Of sulphuric acid. Meanwhile. u cur
rent Of air !, forced down a tube sub
merged in the distillate. The air cs-
capcs from pcrIordtions a, Ia lower
extremity, breaking up the acid into
minute particles al atoms. which IN
sures the closest commingljng and all
mixture of the oil aud acid. The
pitch which il held in suspension IN
the di-tillate has a greater affinity for
the ~sulphuric acid, and consequently
flies 90 IL embrace. When the cur
rem of air ceases. the acid in com
bination with the pitch Is precipiiated
To- the bottom and drawn OF. The acid
acts - a scavcnger. ''sw.et.Ding' the
oil. II goes into the agitator "a white
and clear rs water. aud ONE out .
thick. black. and tarry substance.
known Is .'siudge' or spent acid. This
siudge. which has a very offensive
odor. J. either dumped in deep ocean
or sent 10 Barren Island To be used in
the manufacture Of artificial fertilizers.
The next process j. tn give the dis
tillatc a water bath. for winch purpose
a large quantity Of water j. pumped To
the top If the agitaiOr. and falling to
the bottom. ~clcanses it, contents. re-
moving the light films of acid that may
attach tn the oil globules. a solution
Of caustic soda - next applied Ia like
tanner to neUtraiile any remaining
traces Of acid. and to complete the de-
odorization oi the oil. Tia di-tilla,r
has now become refined oil. but To
tighten and brighten IL color IL j. with
drawn into settling pans. where d; i
bleachcd from twelve to foriy-elght
hours. IL j. then barreled or packed IN
wood-incased tin can.. and made ready
for shipment To consumers at home or
abroad.-Geor1c X. Gibson. iH HGTPtTs
Magazine.
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