davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
ORIGIN OF ENGRAVING.
How One of the Most Precious Arts
Known to Men Originated.

How One of the Most Precious Arts
Known to Men Originated.
There are few chapters in the history
of art of greater interest than those
which unfold to us the discovery of for
gotten treasures, and reveal the exis-
tence of works which had long ago
passed out of remembrance. The in
innate connection between the inven-
ton of engraving and the art oikthe
silversmith, or rather that branch of the
silversmith's work which consists of
the chasing of an outline into plate of
precious metal to be subsequently filled
up with dark-colored enamel, the So
called Niello work, was never appre-
ciated until, at the close of the last GEN.
tury, abb Zani found among some
old Italian engravings, in the National
Library at Paris, print which he rec
ognized as similar in subject to the
famous Pax, decorated with Niello
work, made by Maso Finiguerra for
the baptistery of st. John, and paid
for, as is proved by the records, in
1852. This Pax or Assumption was
subsequently transferred to the cabinet
of bronzes in the gallery of Flor
ence, where it is now pre-
served, and it was proved, on
comparing with it the engraving, that
the latter had actually been printed
from the silver plate, before the enam ol
was fused into the outline, prior. there
fore, to 1862. On the strength OF this
discovery, Finiguerra has, ever since
the year. 1896, been credited with the
invention of producing engravings on
| paper from metal plates. There seems
little reason to doubt, as has been Otter
pointed out, that many silversmiths oi
the fifteenth century may have been il
the habit of obtaining trials of theil
work in progress, as did Finiguerra
| perchance, when he produced his his
torical print, representing Christ crown
ing the Virgin, from his work on tn,
Florentine Pax. 1t may indeed hav'
been, together with the well-knowr
sulphur casts, recognized method o
obtaining record of the Niello work
which had been practiced for man,
years previous to the time in question
though no such paper impressions o
an earlier date than this have beei
handed down to us. 1t was a common
practice to take proofs of the work b,
means of sulphur casts long previous t,
1852, as numerous specimens of sucl
casts have been preserved to us, but i
is difficult to say who was the first Dol,
innovator to substitute a piece of pape
for the sulphur, and thus originate th
precious art of engraving. The stor,
of the wet linen, which accidental,
gave the idea to Finiguerra, is general
treated as fiction by those who hay
studied the subject journal.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
A PRETTY STORY.

The Bell of Justice and the Queer Pc
titioner. for Aid.
1t is a beautiful story that in one of
the cities of Italy the King caused a. bell
to be hung in tower in one of the
public squares, and called it the 'sbell
of justice" and commanded that any
one who had been wronged should go and
ring the bell, and so call the magistrate
of the city, and ask and receive justice.
And, when, in the course of time, the
lower end of the bell-rope rotted away,
a wild vine was tied to it to lengthen it;
and one day an old and starving horse
that had been abandoned by its owner
and turned out to die, wandered into
the tower, and trying to eat the vine
rang the bell. And the magistrate of
the city, coming to see who had rung
the bell, found this old and starving
horse; and he. caused the owner Of
the horse, in whose service he had
toiled and been worn out, to be sum-
moned before him, and decreed that
as his poor horse had rung the bell of
justice, he should have justice, and thar
during the remainder of the horse's life
his owner should provide for him
proper food and drink and stable, In
clsa7lQe,
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
A COMPLETE CHANGE.
Mercantile Hypocrisy Displayed on Sigh
of Ready Money,

Mercantile Hypocrisy Displayed on Sight
of Ready Money.
In a store. Merchant Ito clerk Did
you send Hammerton his bill again this
weekp
Clerk-Yes, sir.
Merchant-What did he say;
Clerk-Said he would be around and
pay it.
Merchant-That's what he has said
for the last six months. He's the big
gest liar in this town. He can never get
ten cents worth on credit here any
more. / Ireckon we'll have to sue him
-sh-here he comes now.
Merchant-Good morning, Mr.. Ham
merton, glad to see you, sir. Won't
you sit DOWN.
Hammerton No, thank you.
called in to settle that bill.
Merchant-What bill-oh, yes. Why,
sir, I hadn't thought of it. You soc,
the collector has charge of the bills and
/ pay but little attention to them.
Thank you receiving the money and
receipting the billy. Call again, Mr..
Hammerton.
Hammerton-1 am little pushed
for money at present.
Merchant-That makes ne difference,
sir, none whatever. Whenever you
want any thing give us call. Good
morning. ArbdnsGs 1raUelef.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30

learned in the convent, when she, In
1875, as the wife of the barrister Rollain,
came to Eibenstock. But she will never
occupy such place rs Barbara
Uttmann.
That energetic woman brought her
beneficent life in peace and honor to a
close. On the brass tablet which at first
alone marked her grave, was inscribed:
"On the 18th of January, 1876, is the
honored and 4irtuous widow of
Christoph Uttmann fallen asleep,
blessed of God, on whose soul God
have mercy. Her age was sixty-one
years, and She had lived to see sixty-four
children and grandchildren. In the
eleventh chapter of St. John, Christ
says: l am the resurrection, and the
life; he that believeth in me, though he
were dead, yet shall he live; and who
soever liveth, and believeth in me, shall
never die."
The new monument was put up in
Annaberg on the 18th of October, 1884,
Il female figure sitting on a beehive (the
symbol of Industry making lace, whilst
an angel is in the act of crowning her
with laurel. What was her crown for
this womanly service is not clearly
shown. Nevertheless the designer OF
the monument must have ascribed cer-
tain value to this mark of triumph, since
on the opposite side of the base, in adj
dition to the emblems of the trade, an
anchor, the wand of Mercury and a ball
goods, is this inscription:
"a worthy spirit, cunning hand
she drew down blessings on her father.
land.n
The old brass-piate expressed it bet
ter. Appropriate to Barbara Uttmanr
were the words which the ancients APP
piled in honor of a woman.
"Casta vixit,
| Lanam fecit,
! Domum servavit."I
She lived chaste, spun wool, and sht
kept her house. Leigh HINT, from h'
German, IN Demorests Magazine.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
ABOUT CANDY.
Its Inventor Unknown-How 1t Is Made
and the Origin of Its Name.

Its Inventor Unknown-How 1t 18 Made
and the Origin of Its Name.
There are some young people who
do not care about Indians, or gypsies,
or Robinson Crusoes, particularly girls.
There are some who are not interested
about horses, or pirates, or picnics,
and who do not care about riddles
But is there one who is Indifferent to
confectioneryP If there are any such,
there are enough elders with 'ssweet
tooth to make the count good. And
yet it is safe to say that not one OF all
can tell who first made or ate confec-
tionery, or where the most is made
now, or how it is made. In fact, the
Frenchmen, Grinod de la Reyniere and
Coste, told the truth in 1905, when
they said, "the inventor of sugar
candy is not known"
Candy got its name from the Vene-
tians. They learned how to refine the
sugar by boiling and otherwise treating
the molasses, and called the sugar they
made candidus, because it was white.
And now let us see how candy is made.
First, the confectioner buys hogsheads
of refined sugar. When this is in his
factory, he first dissolves the sugar in
water. Then he boils the sugar water
to what is called the standard consisl
tency-that is, the water is just so
sweet, and the sugar has just so much
water. This is cooled, and then it is
boiled again, and cream of tartar is
put in to prevent it from crystallizing.
Rock candy, the purest of all, is made
directly from this, by pouring the
melted mass into cans which have
strings run through them. The sugar
collects on the strings, and when the
cans have been placed in cool room,
the crystals form in forty-eight hours.
and the liquid is strained away.
If cream candy is wanted, nothing is
needed but to use sugar that has been
slightly boiled, and add little coloring
and nut flavor.
The ordinary ''stick'' candy is pro-
duced by cooking to crisp, and pour
ing the product upon marble slab tc
cool. 1t is then warmed slightly and
"pulled.n Great establishments pull
by machinery; but small ones take the
candy in such amounts as one person
can handle, and each puller throws the
! middle of what he holds over big iror
hook in the side of the room, and pull
/, the ends toward him.
There is great knack in doing this
When it is we'll done, the candy be
comes soft and even in color. Th
8 essences or oils are poured in while i
is being pulled, and the liquids o
paste are added at the same time t
: flavor and color the candy; and whel
it has been well worked" it is draw
!, . out into ''sticks," which are broke
/, apart and laid in piles.-M Y. Esam
= liner.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
Beans as Food.

The nutritive value of beans is very
great, greater than almost any other ar
ticle of food in common use. Consider
ing their richness they are probably the
cheapest food we have, but somewhat
the fact that we rarely cook them
enough and masticate insuificiently. In
preparing beans for the table they
should be first we'll soaked in cold wa
ter, then thrown into boiling water and
cooked of a medium constituency, be-
tween fluid and solid, neither too
thick nor too thin. They require some
acid when eaten, and sufficient amount
of salt to render them palatable. They
may be eaten with potatoes or other
vegetables which contain more starch
and less albumen, rather than with too
much bread or meat, II Ctevelen9 Leader
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30

have captain, and parade days, with
leather-knees of fancy colors for dress,
black is best for everyday use. We
could get lots of fun out of it. and any
way it won't hurt us to show that we
have little consideration as well as
lots of love for our mothers.
Phil stopped here, all out of breath,
with very flushed but very earnest
face.
"Hurrah! Three cheers for Phil!"
one of the boys exclaimed, and three
hearty, lusty cheers followed. When
the last sound died away Phil ex-
claimed, eagerly: "Now let's give
three times three cheers for our moth
ers!"
And this was heartily responded to.
Phil's speech had won over to his side
the most of the boys; few hung back
and ridicufed, but only for short
time, for this class of seven were too
good friends to disagree long. Before
the close of the week they each owned
two pairs of leather-knees, black for
everyday use, and colored for pa
rade, to be fastened on with ribbon.
On Saturday they made their first
parade. Each boy had on his fancy
knees, also a black leather cap around
which was pasted in colored leather
| letters "Leather-knees." Each boy
carried in his right hand a bag OF
marbles and one bore small leather
flag having thereon this motto: 'Moth-
ers and Marbles Forever!"
Perhaps 1t is needless to say that Phil
was chosen captain of the company.
Proudly they marched back and forth
in front of their several homes and on
all the principal streets. Some Won
dered at them, some laughed good
naturedly, some ridiculed, and still
others gave hearty approval. But
certain seven proud mammas smiled
at the sight and were made exceeding
ly happy thereby. Cora Van Nostrand
in M 7. Tribune.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
A RARE FRUIT.
The Marvellous Product of a Strange In-
dian Ocean Tree.

dian Ocean Tree.
Frederick Stearns has on exhibition
at his office two specimens of the coco
de-mer, or double cocoanut, a remark
able fruit of one of the largest and most
wonderful of palm trees. They were
sent him by the Hon. E. v. Mussey,
United States Consul at the Seychelles,
a group of islands in the Indian ocean,,
north of Madagascar.
This palm tree, it is stated, attains a
height of one hundred feet, its stem
being nearly two feet in diameter, bear
ing at the summit crown of fan-shaped
leaves. 1t is remarkable for growing
In socket of d hard, woody texture,
perforated with holes made by the roots.
This curious appendage derives its
origin from the cotyledon, which in this
palm attains the extraordinary length
of two feet, growing downward, like u
root, having the stem seated in its
thickened end. When perfect the thick
end opens on one side, like d sheath,
out of which rises the first succeeding
leaves of the plant, roots also being pro-
duced, which make their exit by pierre
ing the end OF. the sheath. In time the
nutriment of the nut becomes exhaust
ed, and the part of the cotyledon be-
tween it and the young plant withers.
The latter, however, retains its
placental vital connection with the
sheath end of the cotyledon, which is
henceforth nourished by the plant and
increases in size with it's growth, which
thus continues seated in the cradle of its
birth through life. This formation
appears, however, to be common to the
palms, but very much more largely de-
veloped in this variety. The fruit is d
large oblong nut, covered with thin
rind. After the removal of the outer
rind it has the appearance oftwo oblong
nuts firmly united together, often
weighing thirty to forty pounds. They
IRE borne in punches, each consisting
of nine or ten nuts, SO that whole
bunch will often weigh four hundred
| pounds. It takes ten years to ripen its
| fruit, the albumen of which is similar to
that of the common cocoanut, but it is
| too hard and horny to serve as food
The shell is converted into many useful
articles by the natives. The leaves are
made into hats, baskets and the like
The demand has of late years become sc
great that in order to obtain the leaves
the trees are cut down, and as no care
is taken to form new plantations it was
at one time feared this palm woult
eventually become extinct. In 1864 tn,
leading botanists in England petitionec
che Government for its protection. By
more recent information, however, i
appears that in one island alone thert
are many thousands of these palm trees
detroit Free Press.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
GOOD EVIDENCE.
A Frenchman's Description of His Stem
Winding Time Piece.

A Frenchman's Description of His Stem
Winding Time Piece.
Travellers tell us that the popular
method of driving the little street dom
key in Palestine is by twisting the tail OF
the beast. The Virginia City Enterprise
has found Frenchman who pursues
similar tactics with his watch. The
Enterprise says that a day or two since,
Mr.. Shaw of the Consolidated Virginia
Mine, found watch lying in the snow,
where it had evidently been dropped by
some one walking in or about the mine.
Mr.. Shaw wrote a notice to this effect,
posting it by the side of the window to
which the men came to give their names
when going on or coming off the mines
A little Frenchman soon came to Mr..
Shaw, and asked:
'You find one watch, Mistaire Shawl"
eyes, sir" said Mr.. Shaw. sHave
you lost watchP''
''Yes, saire."
''Can you describe itp''
"Oh, yes, saire, ver' perfectly.
"Well, what is it likeP''
my watch he vas silver vatch.''
sVery good. What kind of facep"
"Well, he had he's face wide open. y
"What kind of champ
"One leedle brass chain"
What kind of key was on the
chainpn
HE have no key at all. wind him
by ze tail"
The watch was q stem-winder, and
the Frenchman had given an accurate
description of his property, even down
to ''ze tail. ."-Pcck's Sun.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
READING FOR THE YOUNG.
ON A RAINY DAY.

Now jrst take peep at the window and Sec
Oh, dear mel
How cloudy and dark, and how dreary and
grayl
What a dayi
The rain seems to frown
AS 1t comes pouring down;
And the wet, muddy earth looks as cross as
the sky.
So dol.
How could / expect to be happy and gay,
Such day2
When things are as dull and as still as mouse
In the house.
Oh, dear, if knew
OF something to dol
The world looks as II 1t were having a cry.
So am l.
II only the sunshine would smile out againi
And the rain,
And the dark. gloomy clouds, and the mist
and the gray
Go away
Why, then you would SEQ
How merry I'd be!
If the sun and the weather would try,
So would l..
Sydney Dayre, u, st. Nicholas.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
ABOUT LEAD PENCILS.
Interesting Facts That Will Be New to
Most Newspaper Readers.

Interesting Facts That Will Be New to
Most Newspaper Readers.
There is no lead pencil in existence to-
day and there have been none for more
than forty years past. There was a
time when a spiracle of lead cut from
the bar OF sheet sufficed to make marks
on white paper or some roughed abrad-
ing material. The name lead pencil
comes from the old notion that the
products of the Cumberland mines
in England are lead, instead of be-
ing plumbago or graphite, a carbon
ate of iron, capable of leaving a lead
colored mark. With the original lead
pencil or strip, and with the earlier
styles of the "lead pencir' made direct
from the Cumberland mines, the wet
ting of the pencil was necessary pre-
liminary of writing. But since it has
become a manufacture, the lead pencil
is adapted by numbers or letters to
each particular design. There are all
grades of hardness, from the pencil
that can be sharpened down to needle
point to the one which can not make
other than broad mark. Between
these two extremes are a number of
gradations which cover all the uses of
the lead pencil. These gradations are
made by taking the original carbonate
and grinding and mixing it with fine
quality of clay, in different proper
, tons, according to the quality of the
pencil required to be produced. The
mixture is made thoroughly, and then
, squeezed through dies to form and size
t it, after which it is dried and encased
! in its wooden envelope.--M r Aai
I | ns,d Er,1ssao y "
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
PlTH AND POINT

The general complaint about the
nlf-satisfied bachelor is, that he is too
much .'a man after his own heart" in
,tead of some woman's. Life.
"A proyerb has it that interest blinds
Some people. 1t never blinds the man
who holds the note upon which the in
terest runs, we believe.--M. z. Graphic.
--Algernon: Your poem ''The rain
fell down in torrents" is declined. One
about the rain falling upward would
Mt least have something novel in it,
Philadelphia CaU
A writer describes beauty as hav.
ing san exquisitely nodded face, OF
which two dark hazel eyes are the CEN
trail feature" Where is the nose situat-
edP-Batrlinqton Free Press.
1t is said that a girl who can shed
three or four tears at critical mO-
ment, and follow them up with quiver-
ing sigh, can marry all around a good
looking blonde who does nothing but
| try to blush.-N. Y. Ledger.
-"Sam, you are not honest. Why
did you put all the good peaches on the
top of the measure, and the little ones
belowp" "Same reason, sab, dat makes
de front of your house marble, and the
back gate chiefly slop bar'l, sab. N.
Z. Times;
Employment Agent-Want a girl
who can cookp Distressed Man--Guess
we'll try one who can't cook. All we've
had lately were experienced in the busi-
ness. / don't believe it's safe for man
to be starved longer than three weeks
Mt a stretch. It'd Bits.
! Strict Secrecy Dentist: ssOh,
madame may be perfectly easy in her
mind. We dental surgeons always make
point of observing the strictest conf.
dence. Only last week, for instance,
supplied Countess Pampmann and Bar
oness Borgheim with complete sci
each, and not soul living knows {
word about it. ."-Montreay Witness.
--"What kept you so late last night
Archibaldp" demanded Mrs. Spoteash
'sTakin' inventory" replied Spotcask
81 knowed it, she replied; "smelled il
on your breath the minute you came in
You'll keep on takin' it till you ge
in the lookup and disgrace your family
and then | hope you'll be satisfied. -
Brooklyn Eagle.
Miss Clara-O, Ethel, I expect tt
have the 1oveliest spring hat, and all i
will cost will be the price shall have t.
pay for the ribbon. shall trim it my
self. Miss Ethel-Have you the frame
Miss Clira-O, yes. was rummagins
in the store-room this morning, ant
what do you think I foundP Miss Ethe
II have no idea. Miss Clara-One 0
last years peach baskets. So Chicag
Tribune.
BE observing:
II you your lips
Would keep from slips
Five things observe with care
Of whom you speak,
To whom you speak,
And how, and when, and where.
II you your ears
Would save from jeers,
These things keep meekly hid
aMyself and L."
And "mine" and "my,"
And how 81" do or did.
The Magnolia gazette. [volume] (Magnolia, Miss.) 1872-current, 1886-04-30
JOHN s. LAEKIN, Editor and Proprietor.
Wy HERO.


What signifies the outward show?
What signifies his wealth or placer
When we the heart have learned to know
What do we care for form or face?
And what care we for name or creed
That buried ages may unroll,
II under all we clearly read
The record of dauntless souli
If loyal to his sense of right,
II prompt and sure at Duty's call,
He walks, as walking in Gods sight,
His aim the manifest man of all;
III helpful as the sun bright day,
If pitiful of others woes,
He follows in the Masters way
And bears blessing where he goes.
If, gaining much, he loses all,
While summer friends go coldly by.
He proves his courage by his fall,
Resolved to win the day or dies
With hope alive. In God his trust,
He keeps spirit kind and true,
And rises bravely from the dust
To fight his weary battle through.
If, working on through pain and loss,
II earnest soul be not cast down;
He beareth patiently his cross,
While winning steadily his crown;
The mans a heroI and we give
The need of love, which is his due,
No idle praisei but while we live,
The wreath of bay the knot of bluel
Helen Keith, in ~ Y. Mail and Cypress.