davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30
ABOUT THE SCREW.
The Origin and True Discovery OF the
Use Of the Inclined Plane.

The Origin and True Discovery of the
Use Of the Inclined Plane.
1t is not clearly known how far the
mechanical powers were known to the
ancients. There is no doubt that they
comprehended the lever, the wheel and
axle, and the pulley, and an acquaint-
ance with the principle of the inclined
plane seems to have been necessary to
the Egyptians in moving the huge
blocks of stone of which the pyramids
are built. Archimedes, about 1856 B. c.,
invented a pumping-screw, or spiral
shaped cylinder, for raising water. The
writings of this mechanician and
philosopher form the clearest index we
have to the extent of knowledge of his
time. and, indeed, his own intelligenc 9
was so far ahead of that of his con-
tempOraries that much of his reasoning
was not fully established as part of the
worlds stock of knowledge until
centuries after his death. Apparently
Archimedes did not understand the in
clined plane, for he makes no direct
mention of it, and we have no evidence
to show that it was included in the
knowledge of mechanics possessed by
the Romans. The true discovery of the
use of the inclined plane dates fromthc
latter part of the sixteenth century,
when the minds of men were Just
awakening from their long sleep during
the dark ages. The discovery is gen.
orally ascribed to Calico, but Stevinus,
one of his contemporaries, mechani-
clan of Holland, was the first to explain
in a treatise the true theory of the
power. The screw is an application Of
the inclined plane, as may be seen by
winding triangular piece of paper
around cylinder. The screw and
the wedge are alluded to by more than
one writer of the sixteenth century.
showing that knowledge of these
secondary powers formed part of the
revival of physical science in which
GalileO took most important part, il
he did not wholly inspire it. The
principle of the screw propeller was
first enunciated by Hooke in 1851.
though it was not successfully applied
to the movement of vessels until the
nineteenth century. The first use OF
the screw was in the screw-jack for
raising heavy weights. The various
notifications and applications of this
power belong to the era of mechanical
discovery in the present century,
Chicago Inter Ocean.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30
VERMONT SPRUCE.GuM.
A Chat With the Most Prominent Dealer
In This Commodity.

A Chat with the Most Prominent Dealer
In This Commodity.
Ten miles from Bennington, VT,
lives Lou Bishop who is something of a
celebrity in that neighborhood. He is
a spruce-gum merchant and talked as
follows of his business to correspond.
ent:
II gathered 600 pounds of spruce.
gum last season. I've been in the
business thirty years and have sold Il
good many tons of gum in that time.
I've pretty near sold out my supply
this season already, and haven't MORN
1000 barrels left.
80. the barrels ant big ones" he
explained, when some surprise was ex-
pressed that he should have 1000
barrels left out of total stock of only
600 pounds. "The barrels run about
six to the pound, and sell 'em at six
for a dollar. The storekeepers sell
'em for 35 cents apiece. Then there $
another size that retails at 25 cents,
but most of 'em are six for dollar. "
Some sample barrels were shown,
and they proved to be small in size and
made upon lathe, each out of single
piece of wood.
The spruce-gum farmer pointed with
pride to the vehicle which bears him
upon his business journeys over the
country, for he is his own travelling
salesman. 1t is a twO-wheeled affair
which years ago saw its best days. A
box-seat mounted upon heavy springs
was amply filled when its owner was on
the road, and the bulk OF his travelling
old-fashiOned valise carried in suspen-
sion below the axle of the vehicle.
When on extended journeys Mr.
Bishops son forwards re-enforcements
Of barreled gum to his father by rail.
II sell gum all through this country
and down in Massachusetts,, said the
gum picker. my best customers are
the dealers in the factory towns. Fac
tory girls are mighty fond of gum.
Judging from the demand in those
places. 1t kinder keeps their jaws busy
when they are to work, and can't talk
among themselves" .s,.
There's only one kind O. spruce
gum, though they advertise medicine
made from red spruce gum, just rs il
there were blue gum or any other color.
There's no use talkin', spruce gum is
good for the stomach, an advise
everybody to chew it. It don't need
any preparing, only just scraping the
bits Of bark of, an then Ii ready to be
sold and chewed. Spruce trees is get.
tin scarcer'n they used to be, an you
have to travel a good ways further n
you used to to get much gum. footit
on snow-shoes that made my
self. In winter have some help; mer
an boys who hain't nothin' to do, an
l pay 'em for what they pick. ."-Bosto,
Globe.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30
THE SPARTAN MOTHERS,

who held 1t to be grand for their offspring
to lose their ears, fracture their limbs,
spill their blood, and in extreme cases.
even get killed, and be brought home on
shields (for they didn't use shutters in
those days) dead-dead for their country.
Mothers at the present day have entirely
eschewed the fascinating pleasure OF glad
ly letting their sons dis-even on the
Fourth. What is true OF American moth.
ers is lasgely tsussot American iathsrs.
The primitive slove'of country seems to
have wanh in the hpman heart. That
grand and heroic devotion to ones native
land. which. in the days OF traditional
poetry and song, prompted men to yield
their lives on the altar OF their country,
to hew their ways into the thickest OF the
fight, and there. sinking exhausted in pools
OF blood, give up the ghost at the shrine OF
patriotism, or NOW q swath through
battling columns and die protecting the
body OF . fallen chief or king-is no longer
emulat1 ~ isshsrs' IN real life, in their
own p(bA nor y It looked upon with
especial iavor BY them when exhibited by
sons; ipdeals N most cssss, 1t appsars to
have become distasteiul to fathers to see
their sons shoot of their ears and main
themselves in working oii. with cannon and
crackers, the wild irsnsy OF their patriotic
devotion. q. d, -
Old naids and old b bechelors--two classes
si peopss totally unlike and ~ 3. whom
there appsas . strange analogy-sre,
equally. with fathers and mothsrs, avsrss
TO Fourth. ot-Julys. The explanation Of
their dissi1sction probably Me- In the
fact that their tsmperaments won't stand
the racket.
To tell the truth, the pleasures Of Fourth
oi July seem. TO the greater part OF the
raoa, idealistie and illusory; there Il . sort
OF effort to got some fun out OF what isn't
. bit funny. II u like iooling with an
electrical machine. 30 that the only por-
tion Of the population to whom the
Fourth OF July comes with real unadulter-
atsd delishth the yeasg land this means
especially "
THE Boys.
Christmas 10 moro properly the girls
holiday. but the Fourth sminsntly belongs
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30
Thoug hts, Serious and Facetious
Incident Thereto.
The nay - Viewed nom Many stand-
Points-!xhe epartsn 1fother-"Youhg
America" Let Loose = The Con-
ventional Picnic.
lOriginaL.1


gle, there is no day In the calendar fraught
There is no use talking, the Fourth Of
July double. discounts any thing in the
line OF q holiday yet familiar to the
American mind. It is on the Fourth OF
July only that TIE American heart makes
its most formiLhb BILE demonstrations OF
patriotism and "shows up what itcan do"
And the American heart, by the way-not
to speak boastfully-is capable Of consid.
cradle. All IL wants Is a chance; and that
chance the Fourth sfiords. F II
The Fourth prssents ID many different
phases az the moon, according to prsju-
dices, favorable or otherwise, through
which it is observed, and these depend large
ly upon the age, nerves and property in
volved OF the person conducting the OBJ
servation. Some, it must be confessed, do
not possess that patriotic spirit which
should temper their judgment. Many, it
is possible, look upon the national day as
a necessary evil-as grievous as the re-
turn OF q lady's birthday after forty; some
hail it's approach as the harbinger OF ex-
quisite delight-the glad tidings OF great
Joy; while many, it is probable, diligently
strive to persuade themselves that it is q
blessing In disguise, deluding themselves
with the fanciful idea that somewhere in
this holiday there turks an indescribable
pleasure which only the continuous 'fizz"
OF "squibs'' and other distracting agents
prevent them from discovering. To such
as thus make q chimera OF Fourth Of July
joys, it is scarcely necessary to remark
that their expectations are never realized
the delusive vail Of powder smoke and sui
phurous odors scarce ever rises sufficiently
to reveal the hidden joys or dispel the
illusion. ...- H
To those who look upon this glorious
anniversary merely as an aggravated
outbreak OF feeling and fire-crackers, it is
probable that no class 10 more conspicu.
Gus than mothers. The regulation Ameri.
can mother, it may be said without ex-
aggeration looks upon the Fourth as a
terror, a sort OF epidemic Of punk, pow
der and disfgured small-boys; or an inn
personated destroyer OF youth, sizzling
with hot breath and red rockets, going
about with "nigger-chasers," and hor.
rible gun-wads, seeking small.boys to de-
YOUR. The average females conception OF
the instruments Of destruction used by
this boy-exterminator, it con not be de.
MED, are somewhat vague; she does not
know whether IL be punk or gun.wads
that constitute the most formidable
demolishers OF boyish thumbs and ears.
or whether it be ''squibs" or torpe.
does that most insidiously puncture
the youthful flesh and despoil the
comeliness OF the childish coun.
tenance, but she has an idea that
any OF the fiery mediums through
which the exuberancs Of the Young Ameri.
can finds vent are wretched abomina tions,
likely to ''go Off at any moment, and she
abhors them accordingly. In this it must
be admitted with chagrin, the American
mother does not entertain that noble and
nnselfish devotion to country that actuated
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

"knew they would be lats." and they all
ran for it.
Arrived at the depot, Jones was hot, the
starch was fading from his collar and
they found that the train didn't for fiji
teen minutes. They, got seated, the chill
drsn scattering over the whole side OF the
car. just as Jones had got settled down
to cool and wipe the perspiration from his
brow, and the bell was ringing for the
train to start. Mrs. Jones discovered
that she had forgotten the tickets, Zach
Gus waa out ON the platform, and Maria
had her finger squeezed in the window.
Jones made dive for Zacheus and dis
concerted the provender basket; Mrs.
Jones ''hit- for" Maria and knocked her
hat out Of the Window, while Nsbuchad-
nesxar cried and jumped up and down ON a
fat lady's toss. But at last they got ad-
justsd; Jones snatched Zachsus into the
train, Mrs. Jones found the tickets in her
hand and NsbuchadnesEar sat down in an
old lady's lap.
I When they arrived at the park Jones
| got together the basket. the shswls and
parasols, with the exception OF some they
aiterward found at the railroad Office in
the city. Mrs. j. took the children in tow.
except three that fed out OF the other end
Of the car and got lost in the crowd. Al
Jones got ON the platform he discovered
zachariah balancing on q plank that
crossed the ditch and heard Mrs. Jones
shrek:
"For Hsavsn's sake, Zacheus, come out
from under that carl" At'A ~
Jones was never 20, put out in his LID
and yelled, with his haif standing on end
and blood in hls sys;'
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

There is danger in some of the
patent hair-dyes,. and hence the Sci
entifc American offers what is known
as the walnut hair-dye. The simplest
form il the expressed juice Of the bark
or shell of green walnuts. To preserve
the juice little alcohol Is commonly
added to it with q few bruised cloves,
and the whole digestsd together. with
occasional agitation. for week or fort
night, when the clear portion Is de.
canted and, II necessary, filtered
Sometimes q little common salt Ia
added with the same intention. Il
should be kept in cool place. The
most convenient way Of application 4
by means Of . spongs.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30


"Zachariah, climb out Of that ditch, or
I'll tan your Internal little skin, and then
he stood zacheus on his head for about .
minute.
But when they reached the grove and
Jones had got halter on Zacheus, e,,d
they found nice shady place whore che
sun would strike sursr than guns II about
fifteen minutes, Jones began to feel easier
in his mind and sat down to view hhe stu-
alton, just where somebody tad spilled
some lemonade; but It did not mat ter-he
got right mp, and only swore. Mrs. Jones
took napkin and made the grass stain
on his aft quarter about q foot square.
Then he stood up in tho sun to let his
pants dry, ana said:
by George. Mrs. Jones, Fourth.of-
Julys amt what they're cracked up to
Great Scott! there's Nebuchadnez-," and
he hauled him, heels first, out OF the lem.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

"And how's your father now-a-days?"
asked an Eastern woman OF her friend
whose pater lived in Kansas. II trust the
old gentleman and the rest Of the family
do not suffer as much from rhsumatism -
formerly"
mo. they don't. Father writes that
since the last tornado out there. there
Isn't pane In the houss."-Tjd-Bits.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

"You say the trout weighed ten
pounds?"
"Yes, sir; 1t was the biggest trout ] ever
saw"
"And it got away from youf"
'sYes."
"Wil! you take an oath to shat?"
"I'll take no more oaths; Iswore enough
about it whom it got away."-Yonksrs
Statesman.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

Railroad life in Europe Is gradually
taking on improvements Sleeping-cars
have been running for some years on
the through lines between the great
cities ON the continent, and restaurant.
cars are now beginning to appear.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

back against the door to keep Zacheus
from riding ON the platform. while that
hopeful was riding on the other one.
The baby cried all night with the ice.
cream collie. and Jones swore he'd never go
to another Fourth OF July picnic, $50 help
him."
But, nevertheless, he pro badly will.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30
Stranger lat the restaurant)-"B

Stranger Cat the restaurant) )-"Beg
pardon, sir, but you have spilled soup all
over your vest" Fogg-'.I wish you'd
mind your own business. You've been
sitting on your lighted cigar for fifteen
minutes and have burned hole in your
coat-tail as big as my fist, but you
didn't hear me shouting 1t at you."-
Pittsburgh CAronicls.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

hand"
Notwithstanding
our ancestors are
won't to tell us
that they knew
nothing OF fire.
crackers and torpe.
does, but used to
amuse and main
thems elves with
anvils and blunder.
buses, or flint.
locks, while the
smaller children
amused themselves
with slices of Uin.
ger. read and
Jumps OF brown
sugar; we are prone
to believe that they
must have known
something of the
joys that lie coiled
up in a pin.wheel,
or, at least, IL these
W ere foreign t o
tn cir a acquaint-
ance that they
must have found a
Joy somewhat like
that OF the modern
boy, who, at two
\ q. m. OF the morn.
ing OF "the rlori.
ous," stealthily
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

climbs the staircase to the village church
belfry and, with half dozen companions,
startles the slumbering town with the dis
cordant peals Of the cracked bell, and
then fees with precipitate haste and
boisterous laughter, to hide away, and by
and by venture back again to wake the
echoes, growing bolder and bolder when
no one comes, until at last, with perfect
unrestraint, he shivers the air until the
sun comes up and, by rousing to life OF
day the village people. dispels the fun that
consisted solely in the mischief. Our an
cestors enjoyed this sport; SO did we; SO
do our boys now, though in the city they
are mostly deprived OF it.
In another respect the Fourth is gre eat.
1t is the
DAY OF PIcNICs.
The writer remembers sucL day. The
Sunday -school-the one that Jones be.
longed to-was going to have one. Mrs.
Jones said:
snow, Jonesie, dear, we'll 60 and take
the children-it'll be such nice change for
the little loves
Jones agreed, and said ''picnics were his
stronghold" r.e. ss ggnu
So they got up at five o'clock in the
morning, got the children out on their pins
there were seven. all under twelve years
and fixed them all up nice.
Jones combed their hair, tied the baby q
sash, put on his white pants and vest
took the youngest OF the family incum.
brances on his arm and a basket in his
hand with Zachariah hanging onto the
handle; Mrs. ]. followed in his wake with
O young Jones under each wing and q
sweet smile on her face, and they started
for the train, the rest OF the young Jonesea
skirmishing along the tanks. Mrs. Jonei
saw man running, so she got nervous
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30
DAY OF PIcNrcs.

The writer remembers sucL a day. The
Sunday y-school-the one that Jones be-
longed to-was going to have one. Mrs.
The News-Herald. [volume] (Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio) 1886-1973, 1886-06-30

Christmas 10 moro properly the girls
holiday. but the Fourth sminsntly belongs
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1886-12-10
Sleeping In Church.

A physician who was asked for
reasons why people became drowsy in
church and if there was any remedy
for chronic cases, said that the drowsy
feeling In church was often due to bad
construction, to overheating and to the
general quiet and composing sur
roundings.
Il have often" said he, advised
patients of mine who are troubled with
insomnia to try quiet church where
the preacher was not too energetic in
his manner, and in most cases the
result has been gratifying.
The poor man who has become
almost wild through want of sleep gen.
orally obtains relief and falls off into 3
gentle and refreshing slumber.
Many people suffering in this way
take a ride in a railroad train for
relief and often get it, but nothing has
succeeded so well as the Sunday morn
ing service in a quiet church.
eff those people, however, who do not
need to sleep in church and do not
want to would drink very strong tea or
coffee before going to church they
might find it effective, but by no means
healthy.
Why do you see the baldheads
nodding most In church? Because the
old are more susceptible to the in
fuence of such surroundings.
1.-The women seldom go to sleep,
because they are SO dressed that to
sleep would be almost impossible. If
the men would lace themselves up
tight they might keep awake, too,
but, in the words of General Knicker-
booker, They cawn't do it, you know.
PHILADELPHIA Record.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1886-12-10
Th.r stnked the Preacher.

A gentleman from Dakota tells Us
how the fund was startel for
building the first Methodist church
erected in Bismarck
The town was young and was prncti-
cally in possession of the gamblers.
Faro banks and all sorts of gambling
schemes were run openly and without
fear
One largo gambling establishment
was situated in a large tent near the
centre OF tho town, and thither went
tho Rev. Mr.. Bull, vhe had como to
Bismarck TO establish . Methodist
church
Mounting . poker table in the
middle of the thickly crowded tent,
Mr Bull proceeded TO speak for Christ.
At once the busy gamblers laid down
their chips and turned to jecring the
preacher, some Of them evon pelting 1t
him with whatever came easiest TO
hand.
Presently the slender form Of Dennis
Hannifan, tho boss gambler and feather
weight champion of tho place, arose
and moved toward the preacher.
Hold on, boys" said Dennis, "this
is no way to troat a stranger. know =
thing worth two o this.
At this Dennis took OF his hat and
passed it around among the gamblers,
who each put in . chip. And, taking
up this strange collection, Dennis
walked up to the table, dumped the
hatful of chips upon it, and said:
There you are, stranger, that's for
you"
But" said the clergyman, "what
am [ to do with it?"
"Well," replied Dennis, " it's yours,
and you can do what you please with it.
You can cash it or buck it, just as you
like"
Buck it?" said the holy man; what
is that?"
"Why. play it in you know; bet il on
one of the games"
Mr.. Bull preferred to leash the chips
in" 90 he went to the proprietor Of the
place, got S47 for the chips, and with
that sum began the fund which bull
the Methodist church, In which -four
ishing society now vorshiPs. .- ChicagC
News.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1886-12-10
A Modern NTezicsp Town.

A correspondent of the Cleveland
Leader writes of Lerdo, town which
has grown up within the last twenty
years, and is increasing in population
every year. At present it numbers
probably 800 souls.
The best of Mexican towns seem
shabby to Americans, so that the ug-
line of this Mexican slab town goes
without saying
All its houses and public edifices are of
one story. The soil being loamv. the
adobe brick walls are guttered by the
rains, leaving them ragged and insecure.
Muddy canals wander in and out among
the gardens, which latter are the only
redeeming feature amid universal ug-
illness.
But such gardens, with almost entire
absence of tasteful culture, where viii
you find their equal? l secured a
bunch of mission grapes, the first of
the season, which filed completely the
crown of my tall hat Tons of
them, Just ripening, hung from the
vines.
Figs grow everywhere in profusion.
Wstermelons-this is June-came into
the town by the cartload. The brown
natives were feasting on green corn.
Hedges of rose bushes girt the plaza
IN dense thickets that required constant
trimming At the back of a bench
where l CHANGED to seat myself, three
kernels of corn had been dropped
by accident, and their stalks, eighteen
feet high, lowered over my head like
shade trees.
A couple of hotels, or attempts at
them, sundry commercial houses, four
mills and a telegraph Office, with beer
at three shillings q glass and no news
paper, viii enable the re-der to A" size "
the place without further description.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1886-12-10
Mskr, Good Point.

General Manager Galloway, Of the
Union Pacific, in conversation with a
reporter of the Omaha Republican, re-
marked that there arc two kinds Of
railroad men and grievance committees.
The one Is represented by respect
fnl argument, and is usually met
with respectful attention aud COD
sideration.
." The other is represented by the
big headed fellow who comes svagger-
ing into your Office with his cigar OF an
angle of forty-five degrees in front, and
his tile at an angle Of forty-five degrees
behind.
He presents his ultimRtums
with great vigor and lack of dignity,
demands an answer In twenty minutes,
and. when be gets it in = twentieth Uf
the allotted time, walks of, remRrking
- he recedes, That settles it.
" The latter is the representative OF
brute force, and requires 10 be dealt
with on an entirely different basis from
the man who respectfully presents his
claims, be they reasonable or other
wise"