The Grenada gazette. (Grenada, Miss.) 1885-18??, 1886-05-15
WATER cONvENIENCES.
How to Supply the Farm and Farmhouse
with Plenty of Water.

S@N
naturally has q good water supply, an,
the ninety and nine have TO be partial
ly, If not wholly, supplied artiticially
However much nature may have don
to furnish water in abundance for tn
farm and farmhouse, there is Away
something to be added. some con
venience to be supplied, before accom-
mOdations are perfect and complete
Upon most farms both the supply ant
c~onveniences are to be provided. Nat
ural water supplies come from springs
brooklets, the larger streams or lake
which are upon or adjacent to the
farm; but where these are not found
resort must be had to ponds. cistcrns
and wells. How and where these can
be most easily and cheaply constructed
are matters hardly within the scope OF
the subject under consideration. TAX
ing it for granted that the water sup
ply on the farm is amply sufficient for
all practical purposes, we have only to
consider the matter of conyeniences.
A water convenience is any artificial
construction or apparatus that saves
times or labor in the deliverance of
water, in any desired quantity, where
it is needed or is to be used. 1t may
be very rude and imperfect, or as
complete and convenient as the water
works of a town or city.
The kind of water convenience best
adapted to the farm and farmhouse
depends to a great extent upon the
nature of the supply. Where living
springs furnish an abundance of water
c%onveniences a be constructed very
easily and cheaply. In most instances
water can be piped to either fields,
houses or barns. If the source of the
spring is on a high point on the farm
all that is necessary to be done is to lay
pipes to such points as water may be
desired. The more convenient the sup
ply the easier and cheaper it will be to
construct the water convenience. All
pipes should 60 below the freezing
point, at least, and where water is to
be used in the house they should 90
down three feet under ground, and if
the soil is sandy or porous, to a still
greater depth, If it is desirable to have
the water as cool and refreshing as it
is at the fountain head. The best me-
tallic pipes are those made of galvan-
lied iron; the best wooden ones are
constructed of hcmlock. For carving
water short distances, and where the
amount desired is greater than can be
supplied by a half-inch pipe, wooden
tubing will be found cheaper than iron,
and where there is a constant flow Of
water there is but little danger of de-
cay. Or glazed earthenware pipes
may sometimes be used to advantage
where a large flow of water is desired.
When it is impossible or incon-
and expensive to ditch around
dig through a hill the siphon may
used to good advantage. A siphon
will draw water from a depth of twen-
:y-six or twenty-seyen feet, with a very
smooth pipe. The friction of the wa
,er in a long pipe tends to reduce its
power considerably. A short pipe.
furnished with a stop cock and funnel,
must be fitted to the highest point of
he siphon. This will be found very
convenient in filling the pipe, when it
tops flowing from any cause.
When the spring that is to furnish
he water supply is on low ground,
must be provided for hosting
water and forcing it where needed
there isn't much pressure.
he hydraulic ram Is a most useful and
responsive apparatus for this purpose,
here there is sufficient water and the
ecessary fall to operate it. When
constructed the mechanical
feet obtained is about two-thirds of
lie energy Of the falling water. :
A method of bringing water from a a.,
stance, by ear of a wire stretched :
poles, which serves as a track ;
# carriage and bucket, is termed the ,
telegraph carrier 1t is convenient =,
here the spring is a considerable dis ,
nee from the house and at such q j.,
'pth below it that a pump can not be !.
'ed to advantage. Water may be ,
ought by photography a distance Of a
70 hundred yards, or more, and up :,
l incline of n hundred feet if neccs- :,
ry. 1t is only adapted to supplying =
e house where q limited AMOUNT of .
alter is needed. y
Of pumps there is almost an endless ~
.riety. Those in general use arc diff 4
rent models of the suction force and !,
ain pumps, the force pump being ~
st adapted to the variety of needs to +,
hich it can be applied on the farm. -
means of the force-pump water +
n be raised from streams, springs, r.
or cisterns and carried wherever -,
eded, and in any desired quantity. q,
lis is without doubt the most impor- h
Mt and indispensable of all water con-
niences' Chain and bucket-pumps t0
used most advantageously in els a,
where it is desirable to keep the ii
lter pure for drinking purposes, the q,
'quent agitation preventing stagna- ii
N of water w. W Stevens, in Ohio -,
lrmer. "