Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1886-01-22

nitrogen ana lnOtehbeh tne supply IN the SOL.
Oats take but little nitrogen from the atmos.
phere, and are, therefore, an exhausing crop.
A heavy crop of clover will draw $50 worth
Of nitrogen. A ton Of common stable ma
nure contains about 50 worth Of nitrogen
and 81 Of phosphorio acid and potash. The
cheapest form Of nitrogen in chemicals is the
sulphate OF ammonia. Phosphorio acid is
best obtained from bones. Phosphorc acid,
made soluble by dissolving bones in sulphur
ic acid, is best for immediate effect, but the
raw bone ground fine is cheaper and better
In lasting effect. Bones may be burned and
mixed with ashes, but in burning the nitro
gen which they contain is lost This, how
ever, is not very valuable, for the per cent
OF nitrogen in bones is small. He recon-
mended buying ground bone and sulphurio
acid and making superphosphate at home.
Unmixed chemicals do not have to pay H.
oense under the fertilizer law. He did not
believe in applying all the manure and fertil-
izers Of a farm to a few acres, but would
distribute 1t over the whole SO that each
might be fed a little continually instead Of
being alternately starved and overfed
The speaker closed with remarks commend
ing the Vermont fertilizer law, which DIR.
Cutting, following, fully endorsed. He (Dr.
Outting) said Vermont was for many years
the only state not requiring license for the
sale of fertilizers and every manufacturer of
fraudulent fertilizers sent them here to be
sold The good for.nothing Grafton fertil-
izer was sold here at $50 per ton 600 tons
Of another worthless fertilizer was sold in
Vermont at $35 per ton. We now get bet
ter fertilizers. The phosphoric acid which
they contain has been raised from two per
cent 70 - per cent. In some brands.
Referring to what had been said about the
use of muck as a. an absorbent, DR.. Cutting
stated that some muck beds were nearly equal
in value to manure. A fertilizer manufac-
tured in Vermont sold for $50 per ton, and
1t had high value when muck was used as
dryer, but when the muck was discontinued
its value deprecated. He thought the S. c.
phosphate rock, il ground fine, valuable
fertilizer and the cheapest source OF phos.
phste. The cost Of the rock varies accord
ing TO fneness OF the grinding, but it is very
much cheaper than bone. Experiments
made by DR.. Hoskins Of Newport, Mr.. Chez
yer Of the New England Farmer, and others,
go to show that it is nearly equal in value to
bone meal
Mr.. Chamberlain inquired how much sui.
phurc acid must be used to dissolve ground
bone Prof. Cooke replied, so pounds of nc.
i'd for 100 pounds of bone, to dissolve the
bone completely but it is not safe to die
solve the whole, because uncombined sui
phuric acid, which is poisonous to plants,
might remain.
Mr. Cooke had stated that 20 per cent of
the fertilizing material of the food Of mich
cows was carried away from the farm. Mr. j.
O. Newton inquired if it was as much MS that
when the milk was partly consumed on the
farm. Answer, no.
Dr. Cutting on Forestry.
In the evening, though stormy, fair sized
though not large audience came together to
listen to DIR. Cutting, secretary of the board,
who addressed the meeting upon Forestry
and the Sugar Maple" The forests were a
noble gift to man. We owe a debt of graft
tude for their utility and their beauty. Their
preservation ia demanded by nature. With
out them our land would be nearly desolate,
our springs and brooks numbered with the
things that were, and our rivers rivulets
The floods in Ohio were spoken Of and their
damages all seem to result from the denud-
ing of the mountain slopes. The clouds
raised in tropical seas and gaining from the
evaporation OF our soil, are condensed by the
GOODNESS Of our forests and give us showers
and steady rains, when if the parched soil
only reflected the heat OF the sun the mois.
| ture would pass over us TO return no more.
! The decreasing storms in Kentucky as well AZ
OF Ohio and Vermont, were shown as facts
that none could dispute. The memory Of all
middle-aged people attested it. Our summer
rains are becoming less abundant and our
winters more erratic and uncertain. Malaria
| is creeping into our midst, and danger be-
coming reality, as every year some sections
suffer from drought.
But let us restore our forests, stop vandal-
ism, and do the best for future generations
as well as ourselves. Let US raise naples.
DR.. Cutting represented their growth rs a
profitable Investment, while the sugar paid a
sure profit annually. Seeds planted grow to
trees Of 40 inches circumference in % years
on an average, and 10 years growth admit of
tapping. He showed the profit of our sugar
places to equal 50 to every man, woman and
child in Vermont, the product being ~, al,
SS7 lbs He gave Indian rules for foretelling
a coming sugar season, and predicted good
spring coming from all signs and facts. lie
spoke Of the circulation of sap and credited
it to the life principle noted the different
manner of tapping and said that it was best
TO tap low down on the trees. The lecturer
discussed the different percentages Of sugar
in the sap and showed that there was
change needed in its manufacture that stric
cleanliness and rapid boiling were a necessi
ty.
The lecture was listened to with great at
tention and his words seemed TO the point
and we doubt not will do much good not on
ly here but elsewhere.
At the close Of his lecture DIR. Cutting.ex
hibited large number of specimens of thu
wood of different forest trees, illustrating
both the structure Of the wood and the worl
of recently invented machinery for cutting
it, and also some OF the new purposes 70
which wood is now used.
Mr.. Lane on Fruit Raising.
The principal speaker Wednesday forenoon
was Henry Lane OF Cornwall. His subj &C
was Fruit Raising" Some kinds of fruit
he said, can be raised almost anywhere il
the state, but there are localities which ar
unfavorable. Montpelier is not good plac
for fruit. 1t cannot be raised there (W
suppose he referred to the apple and othe
large fruits The northern part of the stat
is not generally good for fruit but tn
Champlain valley is very productive in a vari
ETY. of fruits. Pears do well there, and ar
now raised in so large quantities that the.
are sold for less than apples. Grapes becom
productive in three years from planting.
The apple is the best of all fruits; it keep
the longest and is most extensively used bot
for cooking and for eating without cooking
| Apple trees grow very well on rocky or rougl
land. He would not use his best land TO Re
an orchard. The orchard will do well on
hillside, but should not be on the north o
, northwest side. In selecting varieties re
, gard should be had to locality. Some kind
will be very productive in some localities an
, failures in others. Some trees are not goo
bearers and some are not hardy. The Green
, ing does better in his locality than the Bald
win. The two kinds most profitable TO
4 market in this state are the Greetings an
| Baldwins. There should be but few varietie
, in an orchard. Trees do not do well takel
, from soil that is greatly different from tina
. into which they are transplsnted He doe
not like trees to transplant taken from
sandy soil. He had trees, packed in dr.
moss, sent from France that were six week
out before planting, yet they did well. II
thinks there is no need to dig as large hole
for setting trees as Downing and other hor
4 ticultural writer's have recommended. H
a would set the trees at least 80 feet apar
, The branches of his greeniug trees interloc
4 at this distance, and the roots extend niue
farther than the branches. He believes thu
nine out of ten of all the fruit trees tran,
planted do not live five years. But nearly a
a of them might live if they were properly S,
, lected, transpanted and cared for. Sma
a trees are better to set than large ones an
4 will soon make larger trees than those whie
a are too large to transplant. Borers are yer
r destructive to the apple trees, and must b
4 looked after and killed or they will kill th
) tree By keeping watch it can be seen wher
; they have entered the tree, and they can /
4 cut out with a pen-knife. They remain
a the tree three years, but do not injure it th
frat YEAR Sometimes O hole is found abOI