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New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
4 UELL-INFORNED DEPARTMENT.

The State Department does not appear to
know Its own mind when appeals are made to 1t
bv American citizens. Captain Whltten, of
Portland, Me-, being the owner of large num-
Der of fishing vessels, was anxious to find out
what were his maritime rights in Canadian
waters. He telcgraphed to the State Depart
mcnt asking whether he would have the right
of entry into DOMINION port for the purpose
of shipping sailors. He received the following
reply:
WASHINGTON. d. c., March 27. 1856.
American vessels OF any character have a right to
enter any port which actually blockaded for the
purpose OF shipping whole or part OF a crew. But
the right does carry with it any other privilege
JAMES ID. PORTER.
Captain Whtten at once gave orders To his
fleet to recruit their crews in Dominion ports,
if necessary, as he considered this dispatch
distinct warrant for such action. Later IN the
day he received the following dispatch, com
pletely upsetting the previous one:
WAsnINCTON ID. G., - March. 1856
Department informed since seniing telegram Of this
morning that fishing vessels can only enter
Canadian Day and harbors for shelter. damages pur-
chasing wood and obtaining water. This is under the
concession ofls1s JAMES ID. PORTER,
Assistant Secretary
This correspondence is interesting not only
as illustrating the rapid fluctuations of official
opinion in the State Department on questions
of maritime rights, but also as indicating re-
serve stock of Information, which turns the
scale III international policy. When the Assist
ant Secretary sent his first dispatch, presum-
ably he had not consulted the British Minister,
and ventured to express private Judgment.
Later in the day it became necess iry to reverse
the Instructions The Department had been
"informedr during the brief interval that the
crews could not be shipped in whole or in part
at Canadian ports. Uniformed" by whomi
Possibly by Sir Lionel SackviIle West, whose
advice was eagerly sought and closely followed
last year in proonging the operation OF the
Fishery clauses, and i'll entering into COM
pact for a new international commission in the
interest of the Dominion
American citizens, when they appeal to the
State Department for definitions of their rights
under existing treaty law have reason to expect
clear. decisive answers. To get two opinions
i'll one day, and to have the later one vaguely
based upon information from unknown sources
does not comport with honorable and creditable
administration. As Mr. Spof1ord sententiOusly
remarks in The Boston Trdceilcr: "GOvcrn-
"ment by information is a new development
in the political history of our country. and is
"not likely to command any considerable meas
cure of popular approval. 1t may have its
"merts on the score of economy and celebrity
"of decision, but it is not i'll the line of states
" "manship, civic capacity, or official dlscipline.'
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
PERSONAL

Senator Joe Brown, OF Georgia, Is said to have the
most complete collection OF newspaper clippings In
Washington all relating to himself. He depends upon
his wife 70 gather them for him. She reads the entire
daily press Georgia and most OF the leading papers
from other states and she has been at work for
about twenty five years she Is now exceedingly
pert reader. She keeps two scrapbooks.
Tor the good things and for the bad things that
said about her husband.
The Hon. Frederick Douglass and his wife are going to
Europe this summer
Mr. Escot still In poor health, has gone TO Egypt,
hoping there enjoy seclusion and quiet no could
not lind la Italy.
MI uauford Flood, OF FloodhaIl. County Kilkenny, Is
defendant In eectment suit for the recovery OF
estates worth at least $4,000 year lie descend
ant Of the Flood who Grattans contemporary aud
rival and against whom some Of tho laters most scath
Ing inyecti,e was directed.
"Our James" whistlers newest exhibition OF artistic
eccentricitles IL an I" Arrangement In Brown Paper
and Gold.
According to lie 6auois N. Nicclini recently sele-
graphsd 70 ~ important psrssusgs" ~ Bucharest
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05

suffer in cities. This change has been going on
in good seasons and in bad. 1t is due primarily
to the land laws of the Kingdom. which make IL
,mpossibe for the tiller of the soil to acquire
that permanence of tenure and to secure that
couity in treatment which are necessary tn the
prosperity of his industry. 1t is due, second 10
British nodcs of taxation, which are framed
with the free trade idea of making Great
Britain supreme in manufactures, and which
therefore seek cheap labor and cheap living at
anv sacrifice In consequence the burdens
borne by the holders and actual cultivators OF
the land are disproportlonately heavy. IL Is
especially due in no small degree to the direct
aud fatal competition to which British mono
metalism and the dcy clopment oil industry IN
India by British capital and the building OF rail-
ways have subjected British farmers.
In short. the free-trade policy OF Great
Britain in all It's phases, having been intended
for the development of manufactures, is prov
ing the ruin of British agriculture Ihe story
would not be complete without mention OF the
great prostraton of British manufactures also.
In denying to those manufactures healthy anu
growing home market, and making the pros
nertv of the Kingdom wholly dependent on
foreign markets for British manufactured prod
nets. that policy has been striving to resist ana
thwart those natural laws which incite every
nation to develop and diversity its own IN
dustres, hich tend TO build up the cotton
manufacture in India and the cloth manu'act-
ure in Germany, and the iron and steel manu-
facture in the United States. British laws cam
not resist or repeal the laws of nature. Hence
it is that the British policy tends to ineN liable
decay, as well for British manufactures as for
British agriculture.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT.

The full recovery of Secretary Manning is
sincerely desired by the whole business world.
1t does not often happen that political oppo-
nents, as well as political friends unite in so
earnest desire fol the continuance of a man in
a place of high trust. Rightly or wrongly,
Secretary Manning has been credited with large
responsibility for the course of the Admnistra-
ton in financial matters, and it has been be-
lieved that his potent influence with the Presi-
dent has gone far to give shape and positlveness
to his policy. No one who has talked with
business men of this or any other city can deny
that there is serious anxiety az to the selection
which the President may make of a successor
to Mr.. Manning, if unhappily change should
become necessary.
1t is not doubted that President Cleveland's
opinions have heartily coincided with those
which the Secretary has expressed, and upon
which he has acted The difficulty is that it is
not known how far President Cleveland himself
has an intelligent understanding Of financial
questions. Most unfortunately for his reputa-
ton, he saw fit to select as conspicuous and
influential officials in his Administration men
who had been ardent and influential in OppOsi-
ton to the policy he had promised. This is true
not only of his financial policy, but in other
respects. He processes most earnest zeal for
Civil Service reform, and, to The amazement of
mankind, selects and retains Mr. Villas in his
Cabinet. With the same apparent inability to
comprehend the principles which he avows he
has chosen for highly responsible positions men
who are uncompromising antagonists of the
policy marked out in his letter to Congress of
February, 1885.
toll yhaf of fho
President might see fit to select as Secretary
of the Treasury, if new selection should be
necessary. Already, in Democratic journals
which are supposed to have special information
regarding his preferences some persons are
named as likely to be appointed in whom the
business community would have no confidence
whatever. The blunder of the President would
be equally great, whether he should choose
known opponent of his policy, or a man so in
tensely partisan and so influenced by other
leaders of the party that he would practically
abandon all efforts to save the credit of the
country, in order to save the harmony of the
party. The President ought to realize, more
over, that the selection OF a man personally un-
known to the public would be mis- lake of the
first importance. just at this time business
hesitates, and is disturbed by fear of unwise
action in Congress- and by strikes of labor. If
there were added serious uncertainty as to the
policy OF the Treasury Department, the result
could not fail to be hurtful to business and
hurtful to the reputation of the Administration
1t is to be hoped that the President will have
no occasion to make any change. But, if COM
PEELED to appoint new Secretary, he will take
care, if he is wise, to select one already widely
known in the business world, and recognized as
sincere and uncompromising supporter of the
financial policy of the Administration
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
IS COPYRIGHT 4 PENSIONf

The importance of the subject warrants our
returning to the question raised by the follow
ing letter, although we answered it only a few
days ago:
To N, Editor Of The Trfbune.
SIR I beg pardon. but It seems TO me that in your
criticisms March 24 the article by Norman Fox
The Ethics of the Copyright Question" you do not
squarely meet the point he makes The law counts IL
felony to take authors watch no matter how lon 1t
has been In his possossion but his published thoughts
any one is allowed to publish after certain number OF
year. not this imply that he las the same
property in his published thoughts AS in his watch
Again, Senator Hawleys bull allows any reprint
published thoughts of foreigner whose country does
not grant copyright to American authors. But surely
would not allow the stealing Of a forei sners watch
because his country bandits allowed to take the
watches Of American travellers Does hot this imply
that there i, not such a property in the published
thoughts IA in the watch
II THE TRIBUNE believes that man has the same
property in his published thoughts in his watch why
does not denan that the control thereof and revenue
therefrom be secured to him and his forever
In the OF the watch and that this De secured
ior-igner though in his country the property OF
Americans is not properly protected Does the very
passage OF a copyright law imply that author has
such right In his published thoughts In his wah or
his peachblow vase regarding which special legisa
tion Ia needed
Certainly there ia denying the correctness OF Mr.
Foxs statement that the fact that. In all countries
copyright i limited to a certain number years Is n
cleaI declaration by the whole civilized world that an
author has such property n his published AS
In mis- watch, ownership in which does lapse" Anc
il follows that the grant to author of COL wright
is in the nature OF pension for public services
not the recognition Of a claim for property"
Nec York; March %, 1856. xY.z
There is no point here which was not met in
The TRIBUNE's answer 70 Mr.. FOx's first CON-
municaton The present rejoinder repeats the
fallacous statements aud ignores the reply to
them. There are cer.ain principles of literary
property so firmly established by the agreement
of jurists and the practice of the courts that in
any discussion of copyright we are justified in
accepting them as beyond dispute. Once more,
however, we make categorical answer to Mr.
Fox's Inquiries SO far as reply seems worth
while.
/. Does not the statutory limitation of copy
right to a term of years imply that the author
has no absolute property in his published
thoughts Answer: No. The absolute prop
eIty right in ideas, rs a right based upon
natural justice, irrespective of any statute, il
recognized by all the highest judicial authori-
ties and by the practice of the common-law
courts for more than two centuries The en-
joyment of this right, unlimited by the COM
mon law, has been limited by statute to O term
of years, just legislatures, in the real sup
posed interest Of the community, have assumed
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
BRITISH POLICY BREAKING DOWN.

The prostration of British agriculture is not
the result of single bad season, as there seems
to be disposition in British official circles to
represent The causes are far-reachng. Wheat
production in the Kingdom may or may not de.
crease % per cent this year; there have been
many similar predictions, though none of them
has been quite realized but it is the fact that
within ten years the decline in production of
food has been very great, and the dependence.
of the British population upon foreign sources
of food supply has steadily and greatly in
creased.
In looking for the causes, it is impossible to
ignore such facts as we're presented by Nj
Wallace in a recent publication for instance.
that fully 100000 workers had been with
drawn from agricultural production within a
comparatively limited period, and gathered to
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
THE DISORDER IN THE SOU7HWEST

THE DISORDER IN THE SOUTHWEST
Although the possibility of additional blood
shed at Fort Worth, Texas, is not entirely re-
moved. there is much reason to hope that the
large force of militia gathered there will
preyent any further outbreak on the
part of the strikers. 1t is not strange
that the feeling among the strklhs
railroad men in the Southwest led them
into violence and bloodshed. A STRIKE
which has behind it a just cause seeks
ways of peace. But strike which Is known
to have been a mistake, the result OF error Oh
local officials in the labor organizatlon k1ndies
different feelings. Conscious of a false posi-
ton, the Knlghts8f Labor in Texas, or some OF
them at least, were prone to extreme measures
| The unhappy workers, who feel that the organ
ization is their only hope, and yet that 1t has
blundered desperately endeavored to correct
its mistake by success at any cost.
Is it not clear that organization OF labor, In
order TO help the cause of the men themselves
needs head that can surely prevent contests
without just cause and stop contests when there
Is reasonf Yet the present situation III the
Southwest is practically proof that the heads
of the organization have no power TO prevent
strikes though whenever they are begun, now
ever wrongfully or mistakenly, they are
claimed to involve the rights and the
very freedom of labor and the
existence of the organization. The PLAIN truth
is that the railroad strike would never have
taken place if the Grand Master and the Execu-
tive Committee of the Knights of Labor had
had any voice III the matter. And since II has
been begun, they seem powerless to end 1t.
The cause of labor all over the country Is thus
thought to depend on the success of demand
which the best men of the organization know
was not reasonable.
Unless labor is so organized that its cause
can be more wisely and justly forwarded, such
organization will do laborers more harm than
good OF course it Will also do the country
more harm thar good. for the prosperity Of
labor is the prosperity of the country. This is
critical moment for the labor organization. 1t
meets decisive test in the Western strike.
If the present ruling organization, the
Knights of Labor, cannot stop a struggle that
ought never to have been begun, if it cannot
prove to the workers and to the country
that it has wisdom and justice as well as brute
force, and. especially, If it cannot put an end
to unlawful interference with property and
with the freedom of men whose lives are
threatened because they are doing only their
duty, it will quickly vanish from sight, because
long run undeserving of the almost boundless
confidence which is necessary to make it of real
value TO their interests.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
BOYCOTTING WOhKINGNEN
THE STRIKE NOT AGAINST CAPITAL BUT AGAINST
UNEMPLOYED AND SUFFERING LABOR.

THE STRIKE NOT AGAINST CAPITAL But AGAINST
UNEMPLOYED AND SUFFERING LABOR.
From The Ncic. York Journal oJ Commerce.
The strikers are struggling Ostensibly for tho
OF workinemen and II sufficient number Of this
'i Eot DO IT Are the worknsmen Who 90 out on .rss
the only members OF the fraternity who have rights
entitled to respect II il is their right 10 combine aud
leave looms. the foTges. the turning atnes
the fronts silent aud deserted. may not other work.
with equal rights rome IN 10 MI the aud
restore the old activity Are the wives and chl iren OF
men who have been long unemployed ana who jump at
snis opportunity to earn livelihood less enu;lcd
TO brea than the families OF strkeIs who have been
the theme OF so much eloquence
What do We SEE on every side The most intoeIable
tyranny his fellows praetsed by the very who
claim TO be the annointed apostles Ot freedom. For let
all mark It! violence Is not directed AGAINST the em-
ployer. II there idle workmen anxiO IS Zoe
service there would be no need OF bowling mob afmrt
with clubs and paving stones TO keep the deserted
works in the idleness 10 which they devoted
The ployer cannot start his works without the abOr
ers and II mob Detded 10 stop the enterprise tue
violence is not against the capitalist, bnt against hs
worLmen who seeking the service II We concrde
the torges AMI the mines and cars and the carts
and thu 10 decay III silence there Is no need ~
angry word effect all this unless the rights of other
workingmen ruthlessy invaded.
The spirit OF mob violence IS not, therefore, directed
tyrant may have been He Is powerless, and may
fold his arms in seuee II no is ready TO enter tbs
to hrut force, shows that other worklngmen are wag
I'LL the deserted aces and must be kept from by tho
Violation or the very liberties these men nave
vowed to cherish and protect There can De no ocfa-
sion for demOns aons Df force, except as these are
directed against men who are willing aud anxious 10
work
W the scabs and the rats take the bread out OF .he
mouths Of our wige aud children T. demand the angry
rioters as tLey break the windows OF the factory
turn the tho the tracks o. the rail.
way up.e tho carts loaded with coal lines of
hs ,rges kill the engines ready TO draw tho fr iss
and hardly stop short OF killing the men who desire 10
use them FOR this purpose. ,..
ut the scabs and the rats and all the rest o. tne
unemployed by whatever opprobrous names they tnay
he tnnwn who seek To thi. ice liberty 10
pt the bread earned by honest toll into the mouths oi
their wives and little onesf BY what new oilI OF
rights Is this denied 10 themi Il II not as much o
sacred right for 10 hire himself ont a, tot
another man TO quit the hirong's pacei But II thrs.
men take the vacant places they keep the others OUT ot
them =" And pray have the - Others not Kept them
out OF these opportunities for work all these bohts o'
wears while they have been idle and hungry
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
Nrp9lprk DAILY Gribn'se'
FOUNDED BY HORACE GREELEY
MONDAY, APRIL 5, 1856.
THE NEWS 1HIS MORNING.

FoPr,Gv.-More desertions from Mr. Gladstone
Cabinet threatened. 60 Socialists arrested anu
;w,r;soned. 80 A body supposed to be that Oh
Bussell Nourse fonnd in the Thames. - biiy
Moloney III Montreal.
DoMrsrrc.-No disorders at Fort worth tne
town in charge of the militia. 60 AIiegeo
CONSPIRACY of Knights of Labor Win
TELEGRAPH operator in st. Louis 60 Inc
Rev. Dr. Bartol preaching on strikes. GO lncen,
d,arism. - Eight wealthy Calfornians arrested
for land frauds. - Attempted ynchng OF a
farmer IN Missouri
CIrYAx SUBURBAS.-Knights of Labor want
the Southwestern strike pressed GO Inc ar
rested Aldermen pass quiet day. - Congress
man Scott's views on silver. - Meetings OF
Irish National League branches. 60 The stIike
ON the Aqueduct - FlurTies of hight snow
The WEATHER.-Indications for to-day: Cold'
damp. cloudy weatheI. Temperature yesterday:
Highest, So; lowest. 80; average, 33lso.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
Amnsements.

ACADEMY OF MUslo-s-Marriage Of JeannettA
6,,or OPERt HcUsH-S-" Adonis
lAsiNo-s-" Gypsy Baron.
DAYS THEA1Rr-s-" Nancy ana Company"
EDEN MUsEE-WaxworkA
GRAND OPERs HOUsf-S-Lotta
3ARRIGAN's PARK THEATRR-s-"LeatherP Patch"
IycrrM THE ATRE-S" One OF Our Girls"
apIsON sou ARR NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. Hearts
HInIsoS-AvF AND 59TH-sT.-9a a. m to IL p. m.-Merrf
mac and Monitor Naval Battle
MADISON SQUARE GARDEN-2 and S-Circus
NATIoNN ACADEMY OF DEsIGN-ExhiOiton.
Mn C's tiARDFS-S-" The Black Crook"
eTAR THE ATRs-S-Judic
eIaYpARD TuEArRR-s--" Little Tycoon"
TpEATRE CoMiQUE-S-A Rag Baby.
THAIIA THEATRE-S-Gypsy Baron.
&AJAck's-S-She Stoops to Conquer.
61H AvFNUR rHEATRE-s-" Mikado.
IIIp SrREyr THsATRE-S-" Evangefne"
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05

to tell what they want. Do they prefer the
"State account" system, which would make
the Commonwealth a manufacturer on large
scale /? If So they must be ready to vote TINS
fall to appropriate three millions to set up the
prisons in business. The prospect is not a pleas
ant one for the taxpayer, no matter on whlch
plan the prisons are worked, but we shall be
interested to see if Mr.. Hill will decide to help
on the scheme that surely will cost the most.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
MR.. HUXLEYS POLITICAL VIEWS

A SPECIMEN OF CONTEST PHILOSOPHY
From The Neio- fork Ecsning Post
Professor Iluxleys manifesto about the Irish
question. published in this mornings TRIBUNE, Is
tremely Interesting. showing what kind Of gOvrra-
ment the modern world would get we're the Comtisr
scheme Of having councils OF scientific to rulo
tIe nations carried ont.
DISrRUsTFUL OF DEMOCRACY.
From The Ncir. York MAJ ant Erprsss
Huxley pats record IA bold way MS nrm conyic-
that the whole world OF politics in the Brltisa
Islands 10 tue demnition bOWwOws. and all be-
OF the democratic ID and th- operation Of mod
ely democratic system For all OF which he rails vt
cr I'm men whose weaknesses and fobles have made
Britain the victim of that sYstem.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05

were unusually steady. But wheat declined l
cent, and oats u cent and there was slight
decline in pork products and tallow. While re-
fined oil was unchanged. crude fell 27s cents
Butter and cheese advanced, but groceries and
metals changed remarkably little. The price OF
cotton advanced sixteenth on account or
speculation. though print cloths ceclined as
much. The spectators consider the floods at
the South more important, in their possible
effect upon a future crop, than the actual con-
sumption of-cotton, in its effect upon the great
surplus already accumulated.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
poI,ppoN GRowL AT cLEvELAND

From me augusta Chronicle (Aarondl DeEaoeraS tom
tsebaaa Walsh's pdpeyl ,,x
Tho Presidents utopian sehemes 10 anenor ,I,c.n o
wumps and make proselytes from the i.epuo.'N =.
ranks reminds OF what French officer SAID 70 sn
En- glish officer reference 10 the charge OF tno
Hundred, At BalxklAvA. whom he asked MN Mnss ="
thought OF the Light Brigade The French once, TO
Piled: at 10 grand sublime. magnificent bur- NOV
In mot
New-York tribune., 1886-04-05
Jn0ex to ADVERTISEMENTS.
Bnslness Noti1es.
OFFICE FURNITURE
In Great Variety, manufactured py
T. q. SRLLkW.
Ill FultOn-st. New-i orR:
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TIsBIxo1oY-l. 1922 Est LoSDoS-zo pe"' -