davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
Resolutions of the PEABODY
Institute,

Held in Storer College, Harper's Ferry,
w. Va, from June 1st to the 9TH inst. This
Institute consisted Of 81 teachers, everyone
of whom, after spirited discussion, voted
against the use Of tobacco; and adopted
the following:
ResolUed, That we the members of the
Peabody Institute, of Harper's Ferry, W E.
Va, do highly appreciate the advance step
made by Hon. b. ;. Morgan, State Supt. +
Schools, in sending us Mr.. j. X. Clifford,
an efficient colored instructor.
,, ReSotged, That the State make some
provision by which all Of the public schools
shall be furnished with necessary apparat-
us; and that the school law be SO amended
as to make some provision for the colored
youth in districts where the number is not
large enough TO constitute school.
3, Resolved, That we favora compulsory
school law, and that we shall endeavor to
become better teachers from year to year /;
and that it shall be our purpose to form
reading circles in our respective districts.
1, Whereas, The teachers salaries are
SO poor, that they are compelled to seek
other employment for support, be it
ReSOiVed, That the State Supt. so ar
range the examination as TO be held at the
close of each institute, together with the
County Supt., the Institute instructor and
another Efficient member.
., ReSOtBed, That the district trustees be
educated men, capable Of filing the posi-
ton, and that the same be compensated for
their services.
6, ReSOiUed, That we as teachers, recog.
nize a friend in the w. Va. School Journal
and the press in general.
7, ReSoLUed, That the habtual use Of
Tobacco i'll any form by teachers, is very
detrimental to their moral influence. Be
it further resolved, that the members o.
this Institute do what they can to do away
| with the pernicious use oft.
8, ReSoJDed, That in the work Of the
Blue Ribbon Army Temperance society
we recognize a progressive movement, anC
! further; that by precept and example w
| endorse the temperance cause in what
ever field we may chance to labor.
| 8, ResoiUed, That we viii cherish
| pleasant memory of this meeting and tina
we tender vote ofthanks to the facul ty o
Storer College tor the use of the same dur
ing our institute.
10, ResOived, That n copy of these reso
lntions be seat to the SPIRIT of Jefferson
the W. IA. School Journal. the Martins
burg INDEPENDENT, the Shepherdst0tOl
Register and the Pioneer Press.
Com. w. II. Jenkins, G.. w. Robinson
Miss Laura Curtis, Miss Emily Carter ant
Ii. II. Winters, Secretary.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
Mime Troubles.

POINT PLEASANT, W, Va, June s.
Hazen and thirty armed
men arrived here to-day by boat, on
their way to the Raymond City coal
mines, situated 80 miles above here.
They are all armed with Winchester
rifles and will be REINFORCED by 9TH
ers on their arrived at the mines. An
attempt will be made to settle the
trouble with the miners which has
now lasted more than eleven months.
Marmet 81 Co. have tried to arbi-
trate the matter several times, but
no arbitration could be decided upon
and they have finally determined to
try what force will accomplish
There are three hundred men EN-.
ployed in the mines and many oil
them are willing to resume work
but are prevented by others, who say
that they will sell their lives before
the others shall go to work. Tht
mines are among the most valuable
in Virginia.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

around. In bewildered state he
ran oyer to Evans Bros. tobacco
store, with both hands up to his
head. When asked by one Of the
proprietors what was the matter. he
replied that he had been either hit
or shot, and was very sick. Exam
nation showed that he had received
blow on the left side of the head
but it was thought not to be serious.
He then walked up to Reardon's
store and had the blood wiped off his
head, and then went home, reaching
there about 10 o'clock, and after tell
ing the occurrence to those in the
house went up to his room and retir-
ed. MIR. John Green, d gentleman
who teaches in the Catholic school,
occupied the same apartment and
slept in the same bed, says young
McFaull did not 90 to sleep until
about ~ o'clock. KS
Mr.. Green, upon awakening about
6 O'Clock next morning, found him
lying dead by his side. Immediately
the officers were placed in possession
of the facts, and soon thereafter
Banks and Honesty were arrested
and lodged in jail.
The above was the evidence adj
duced at the inquest, and which was
substantially corrcborated and large
ly amplified at the trials in chief. 1t
was also proven upon the trials that
the Negro Banks, who was with Hon
esty, said early in the evening" that
che was going to crack the skull Of
some white democratic son of -
before the night was over" At the
December term, 1884, of Corporation
Court, Banks was tried, the jury
being out only fifteen minutes, when
they rendered verdict of murder
in the first degree. The case was
appealed on bill of exceptions. At
the January term (1sS5) of Court,
Honesty was tried, the jury disagree
ing. A jury was then summoned
from Staunton, who heard the case
at the same term of Court and rem
dered verdict of guilty of murder
in the first degree. This case was
also appealed. The Court of appeals
refused new trials in both cases. At
the April term of Court, Judge Clark
named Friday, June 4th, 1886, as
the day for the execution.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
FALLACIOUS.

The Statesman utters the follow
ing very fallacious idea in this weeks
issue, viz:
''The working men are beginning
to awake to their true interests, and
realize that they have been terribly
imposed upon by the fallacious teach
ings of alleged protectionists."
We come of Democratic stock, but
was early in life grated with the
Wing principles of protection to
American labor and manufacturers,
and we have yet to learn, by logical
deduction or argument, wherein the
teachings of.protection are fallacious.
Lower the tariff and a reduction OF
wages must surely follow. Down
the tariff and the ten hour system of
the American workmen must length
en- into twelve and sixteen hours per
day to compete with the cheaper Ia
Dor of the half fed, half paid and over
worked millions of Europe. 1t is this
very free trade pauper labor that
throws bombs and defes the law
The material development and adj
van6ement Of West Virginia's inter
ests depends largely upon Wing pro
lection principles, and no party can
keep control Of West Virginia affairs
upon straight and deceptive basis
Of free trade Mark that.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

"Wanted-A Republican with cash
who is not afraid to be beaten, to
make the race for Congress in this
district. Sealed proposals will be re-
ceived by the committee till August
1st. The committee reserves the
right to reject any or all bids and the
people reserve the right to reject the
nominee. '-CIarksbatrg Neaos
Has the Neaos man any knowledge
of the whereabouts of Gen. Nathan
Golf, or does he reside in Clarksburg?
There is rumor afloat that he sup.
piled the cash for the past two Con
gressional elections, wasn't beaten
and is drawing the rations to-day. Il
this rumor correct, Mr.. NeaoS
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

OVER million and half copies of
speeches of Congressman have been
printed during this session. Of these
speeches one-third were written for
their supposed authors by friends"
or q clerk, and not more than one
fourth Of the matter contained in the
report" of half of these was deliver
ed on the floors of Congress. A sSss-
tenn Of padding speeches for ptiblica-
ton has always been in vogue, though
It is in violation of parliamentary
law.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

The NJ. G.. Band gave their third
weekly concert in the public square on
Tuesday night, to very large and APP
preciative audience. The music was
perfectly rendered and evidently enjoy
ed by all, as each piece was loudly APP
plauded. This band, under the leader
ship of Prof Luscomb, has won quite
a reputation, as is shown by the many
invitations they have received to at
tend some of the leading events of the
summer, among them an invitation to
the grand conclave of Knights Tenn
plar, to be held at st. Louis, Mo-, and
also one to accompany the Baltimore
Knights of Pythias TO the Worlds Su-
preme Lodge, at Toronto Canada,
which will probably be accepted. On
this trip they will visit Niagara Falls,
Watkins Glen and other noted places
of interest. This is quite feather in
the boys caps, and it's with feeling
OF pride and qualification that our citi-
Gems hear of these honors being bestow-
ed upon them. Following is the pro-
gramme for next Tuesday night
March-s1Russian Prize" - Faust.
Baritone Solo-''Une Serenade" Chapele.
Waltz Academy ... .Missud.
Bellini.
March-''rhe Maior'. .,...s.. Dusuim.
Statesman.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
PARTY RESPoNsIBTLITY.

The Statesman in referring to the
letters exchanged by President
Cleveland and Secretary Manning,
which resulted in keeping the latter
drawing pay while another does the
work, says:
"a perusal of these letters will
show another thing, with equal clear
ness, that the President and the Sec
rotary both feel the Importance of a
reduction and simplification Of our
tariff laws and radical change in
our financial policy, and recognize
the responsibility Of the party in the
premises"
We agree in good measure with
the Editor, especially that which
recognizes the responsibility of the
party for the untoward and wretch
ed condition of the business Of the
country. We are glad that he sees
SO clearly what ruin change of
administration has wrought. We
disagree, however, on what he terms
q reduction and simplification Of our
tariff laws. Hon Mr.. Randall an
other well known leaders of the dem
ocrats of the House also disagree
with Messrs. Cleveland and Manning
on that point. 1t is the uncertainty
of legislative action on this very
subject that has unsettled values and
frightened capital from its field of
labor, and as long as the legislative
uncertainty exists just so long will
business affairs continue unsettled.
Capital end labor require certainty
of basis for action, and the uncer
tainty of protection against foreign
encroachment paralyzes their every
effort.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

4 SOCIALIST plot has been discov-
cred on the Pacific coast, which aims
to work its way into every labor or
ganization possible and stir up dis
content and overthrow the govern
ment and bring on Anarchy. The
Chinese riots last fall were the first
fruits Of their work. But the cloven
feet of these fellows are beginning
to show themselves too much and
people are finding them out and pre-
pairing to deal with them as they de
serve.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
DEAD LETTERS. Following is list

DEAD LETTERs.-Following is list
of letters remaining In the Post.o office at
Martinsburg W. ", June 9Th, 1885,
and will be sent to the Dead Letter
Office, June 10Th, if not delivered.
When calling say advertised.
Geo. II. Anderson, j. A. Armstrong,
Jno. A. Coils, Mrs. Mary Doll, Mrs
Jennie Jackson, Misses a. and M. Mid
dlekamp, Alexander Pitcy, William
Sutletch, FL. f. Stone. Held for pos,
tage. Rev. Alex Kennedy, Rehoboth
county, e. Va; Held for better di-
rection. Mrs. Mary p Rodrick, care
Besel Smith, Carol county, Nd, w.
M. Il. Il. w. b. Colston, F. M.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
.rious church enterprises.

ACCORDING to the census of 1880,
the number of insane born in the
United States was 1864, or one to
every 662 of the entire native popu
lation, while the number of foreign
birth was 26,346. or one to every 254
of the foreign population. This would
make the per cent of insane among
the foreign population nearly three
times as large as that of our native
horn
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
"A writer in the Charlestown Spirit

"A writer in the Charlestown Spirit
is booming Dan Lucas for U. s. Sen
ator. Now if some we'll wisher of the
Democracy will bring out Judge
Hoge, the bird Harmony will spread
her wings over the State, and the
democratic children of the Second
Congressional district will sit in sol
emn silence beneath the shadows
thereof-while these eminent political
sluggers fight it out."-Fatraoont
Ipder.
Say, Mr.. Lader, there are some
things too pointed for joke Such
"reminiscences of the late unpleasant
ness viii be the death of the bird
Harmony
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
Personal.

Rev. Jacob Birmingham was in town
on Tuesday
Mr.. b. Hughes has returned from a
trip to Augusta, Ga.
Mr. d. S. Eicbelberger, is attending
court at Parkersburg.
Mr.. G.. G. Swartz, of Baltimore, was
in town on Sunday last.
Miss Dallie Campbell has returned
from visit to Washington.
Miss Cora Hathaway returned from
visit to Baltimore last week.
Mr.. w. II. H. Flick, left on Wednes-
day last to attend u. s. Court at Park.
ersburg.
Miss Birdie Washington, of Waverly,
Frederick county, Va, is the guest of
Miss Sue Colston.
Misses AnnaBelle Deatrick and Min
ME Hawk have returned from the Luz
theryiile Seminary.
Misses =. McAvoy and Ellie Bevans,
of Hancock, Nd, are visiting the fami.
ly of Mr.. J. e. Cox, of this city.
Miss Daisy Yantis, after lengthy
and very pleasant visit to her sister,
Mrs. George Sencindiyer, left for Har-
per's Ferry on last Wednesday.
Mr.. Henry Kogleschatz leaves for
Norristown, Pa, to-day, where he takes
a leading clerkship in large furniture
establishment. Our best wishes go
with him.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
The Presbyterian general assembly

THE Presbyterian general assembly
in Minneapolis Sunday decided to
hold the Tooth general assembly at
Philadelphia, in 1883, and to make
the second Thursday of the session q
day of Jubilee in the church all over
the world, also to raise centenary
fund of S5,00o,0O0 for the benefit of
various church enterprises.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

THANKSGIVING, VA, June S.-The
greater portion Of Rawley Springs,
situated twelve miles west of this
place, was destroyed by fire between
two and four o'clock this morning.
The main building, known as the
Virginia House, the Washington
House, the dining-room, kitchen,
bakery and storehouse, with all their
furniture, were totally destroyed.
The Baltimore House was saved.
The fire is supposed to have origina-
ted in the kitchen or bakery. The
insurance aggregates $4,000. The
insurance was upon all the buildings
including the one left standing. The
loss is estimated at $4,000. The
springs were to have been opened
Thursday. The buildings will not
he rebuilt this season The man
agement will open the springs and
receive as many guests as the re-
naming building will accommodate.
- ~auu---
Based on the City Directory, Col
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
Homicide In West Virginia.

CUMBERLAND, Mp, June 10.-At
Davis, Tucker county, W. Va, this
afternoon, Harry Robinson went to
the boarding house of John Joseph
for some clothing left there by fe-
male friend, when, after an alterca-
ton, he was shot and killed by Jo-
seph. The latter, who is a justice of
the peace. was arrested and put in
Jail
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
MARTINSBURG,
June 9th, 1886.
INDEPENDENT.


AS political parties are now casting
about for proper men TO fiji both State and
County Offices we take occasion to name
our young friend, STUART w. WALKER, of
this district, for the Legislature. Mr.. w.
has been faithful worker in county and
town affairs, and halls from a portion of
the county that is never forward in putting
in claims for official positions, and as he is
gentleman highly qualified, the Demo-
cratic party could notdo better than to put
him on the ticket. MANY VOTERS.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
SATURDAY, JUNE IL, 1886.

RICHARD NJ. Hoe, the printing press
maker, of New York, died in Flor
ence, Italy, on Monday.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

THIS is the weather for serge suits, the
cheapest and best can be gotten only at
the BALTIMORE CLOTHING HOUSE.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

Near Bunker Hill, June 1st. 1896. SCoTIE
MABEL, daughter of John G. and NJ. Flor
ence Lloyd, aged year, months and %
days.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

Miss Annie zerp, of picnic par
ty, was drowned in Congress Lake,
near Canton, 0.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
Notice.

ANY one suffering with erysipelas,
should call on Mr.. Anthony Turner, on
College street. Cure affected without
medicine No cure, no pay. References,
B. Thornburg, Geo. Wild, s. Tunnel, w.
Nicely, d. Grow. Sure cure, jnel2-tf
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12
DIED..

s9y- Halt tdtes-fce cents per une-for Obituary No
tees beyond the usual announcement.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

Hon. HENRY g. DAVIS is prominent
ly spoken Of as successor to Mr.. Man
ming as Secretary of the Treasury.
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

NEW line of Wedding Preseats. See
them at HYDE'S JEWELRY STORE.
m29 IT,
Martinsburg independent. [volume] (Martinsburg, W. Va.) 1875-1900, 1886-06-12

Based on the City Directory, Col
umbus, O., has 10000 inhabitants.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09
You Take No Chances

when you buy Chamberlain Collie.
Cholera and Diarrhea Remedy. 1t is
positively guaranteed to do all that is
claimed for it. An attack of bowel
complaint and gripping pains are so often
sudden and dangerous that no one can
afford to be without prompt and GER
tain remedy: Ask your druggist f6i
CharTberlain,s Collie, Cholera and Diar-
rhGa Remedy, manufactured at Des
Moines. Iowa. and be sure you GET it
Three sizes, 25c, soc and 100 bottles
Sold by Southworth & Co. IA
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09
Keen Qniat

and take Chamberlain Collie, Cholera
and DiarrhPa Remedy. II cures pain
in the stomach almost instantly: get a
sc bottle, take nothing else. You will
need nothing else 10 cure the worst case
OF olarrhoea. cholera morbus or bowel
COMPLAINT. This medicine IS made fo-
bower complaint only, and has been in
constant use IN the west for nearly fif-
teen years Hs success has been I'M
bounded ard its name become Il house
hold word in thousands of homes. Try
it. Sold by S0uthWoTth K Co. n
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

Express of that city says: A game of
and the Hazeltou club, resulted in a vic
tory for the latter. The Grafton of the
day was delivered by Rev. Robt. SAN
dersOn; Rev. Jas. Lewis also delivered
an address. A good dinner vas served,
and at o'clock parade of the fantas-
tics occurred. Following this were the
sports catching a creased pig, the
ting of war, the potato race, the back
ward race. foot-racing, horse-racing,
&e. At night there was grand dis
play of fireworks, and then free ball,
which lasted until midnight. The only
thing that married the pleasures of the
occasion was the burning of 81. 4. Set
land 5 residence, oecasioning loss of
800.
AT AETNA.
The celebration was held in tic wal-
nut grove two miles north of town.
An address of welcome was delivered
by w. n. Bradbury; other addresses
were delivered by T. II. Macdonald and
II. l.: Shannon CO Medicine Lodge and
DIR. Bright of XEtna. 4 first class To-
cal choir rendered popular patriotic
airs and good dinner was served:
The Klngman coinet band furniShed
music for our celebration and it can be
truthfully said that this feature was an
| interesting one. The band is well
trained, is made up of gentlemen and
commands respect and admiration from
every source. Followingis the makeup:
o. s. Capps, leader, E b cornet, $. c.
Hawthorne, Eb clarionet, Minor NJ.
Englis. 1st BIB corneti Chas Shelley,
% b b cornet, ~ r.. Frazier, solo
trombone, E. Hawthorne, 1st alto, r.
L. ROdman, 1st tenor, X. Humphreys
ID tenor, +. J. Rhodes, b bass, w. IL
Ron. L b bass tuba, r. E. McKi;istry
tenor drum, Wn. Fftzhhgh bass drum
The band arrived here Friday even,
ing in their band chariot and at once
enlivehed the town with their presence
and never let UP, Oh all appropriate oc.
casions to furnish music when asked tC
do SO.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

4 car load of sugar just received at Herring
ton & Smiths. As usual their customers will
receive the benefit IF low freight rates and low
prices. Come and see MS. IL ms granulated
sugar for $l.00. Choice II. 7. Beans p n for
$l.00 and all other goods in roportion. Don't
forget our elegant Inc or ladies' shoes of the
celebrated J. & =, Cousins ihdnhtastnre.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09
LEE. DORIAN g ROBERTS.
Notice TO Debtors.

G. b. Shaw & Co. having sold out their entire
lumber business at Medicine Lodge, would re-
specially ask for prompt and immediate ct
tlement of all balances due them, paymen ito
be made to CIR late manager, E &. Pollard;
WHOM, y.u will End at our Old location in Med,
c;ne Lodge.
July Isl: 1885. G. r. SnAM e. Co
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

have opened in this CITY, next door Is t1t
INDEX Office, real estate and loan Office, and
am prepared TO loan money en- real estate
personal or collateral secUrrry. for short on
long time Money furnished at once OF shor.
loans. - JA4Ey n TrTs-s
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09
Grand Centrnl Rms Linz

Our new and elegant bus and our baggage
wagons viii cali in any part of the city for pas
sengers or baggage for any train Leave or
ders AT the Grand hotel, or at our office cast of
the Grand hotel.
"a LEE DORIAN a RORFTTs
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

SEND 20 CENTS for my 5e-page pamphlet,
81 SO Year, O. How 1 Manage Poultry"
Tells how TO make an incubator costing less
than SO. How TO build cheap poultry houses
cure cholera, make hens lay, etc, etc, c. q
BEssEY. abilene, Earrses, breeder of Plymouth
Rock Fowls and Polaild China Swine. Price
List Free. e
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09
For Sale or Exchange

1 offer for sale, or exchange for property
nearer my business, my residence in the north
end of town. New cottage rooms; half acre
of garden; 100 vigorous fruit and shade trees:
excellent nei2hborhood. Inquire on premises,
or at In lex office. w. G. MUSGROVE.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

Well Burned, ready for delivery. We vii
contract Tor the same in the wall, or sell iron
the Kiln, at extra low fltes.
WEIGH & MACY,
Medicine Lodge Kan
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

Ech, Prairie Mango, and Scratches of
ersIy kind cured an so minunes 6y WOOL
foyd's Sanitary Lotion. Sold bg Ell
Smith, druggist. Medicine Lodqe. sc
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09
100000 BRICK.

For the Latest Styles of Fine Boots or Shoes
for every day wear, call on ]. w Singer.
good 1T guaranteed. >
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

Just received, large invo.cs Q. SIMMER
goods, srct IS lap ro5es. Es.s, szd clusters n
BEck.sse's -
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1886-07-09

THE benefit OF car load rates OF all
heavy goods, and at Kansas City prices
On other goods guaranteed, by Herring
ton & Smith. AZ