davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
CONNECTICUT REPUBLICANS.



Hon. r. {. Lo""Nh"rs Nominated for
Governor On the First Ballot.
H.KTFarp ,.onp Sent 10 Tn. Rcnub-
Fcar etat., convention moi hero THURSDAY,
senator O II Tlatt was s..l,,t.d as chairman
In a speech the senator said.
Thirty wears ago the Rennblicaps of Con
necticl;t nominated its first electoral ticket;
twenty SIX years ago. it assumed, and for
t"eh'N ipue ,''ts tite C'il'ioi ol
f ,nati,,J III E, ,,,rI in n l,aIts,, NJ = ,,,,,
turv r,oke s1,cb rand advancement in all
that makes ration strong and n J,eopl,
great Two years AGO the Democratic party
came into power and eighteen months of its
administration nave ht'he tue people Si''i'r
II IN Of c,,,,. .qs,oIa,l
| is not s1rreSs 1t cives prapiss of n dis
nal failure The president, like his party,
came into power with unuumh"rrd promises
made to obtain votes, I" b. fulfilled Not
one OF It's promises mas p7il h1i'tif7i py
clthel lfeSsti VI t'lle ~ iiS us t"G Ii'
in,,l-,.,, az, ,,r,r,Iilts aIona The record is one
of sheer in1in,ciIitv and broken PROMISES
| Mr. Plat then said that Tho Democratic
| SECRETARY ,f tn. navy had deliberately com
r.assed the ruin Of the great shipbailder. John
| Roach
| Mr.. Pla1r continuing sud: We are de
| fenstlt-ss rs a power ut the mercy of any third
rate nation He referred to Mr.. Tilden as
| The leader of the Democratic party, heseech-
| ing congress with his dying breath 10 10
| something to defend our coast and protect
our SEA ports. The Democratic hpusn voted
! the muniiicent sum of s500,e00 for the de
fence of orr more than 1000r miles of de-
| f..nseless shores The seuat4, increased it to
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

Cornelius Vanderbilt scorns crests and
mottoes, c. "" simply ispaiuted on his
carriage
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
Bay state Prohibitionirts.

WORCESTER Mas, Sept to.--The ticket
unanimously nominated 10y the Prohibition
lists Wednesday is as follows: Governor, T.
J. Lothrup; lieutenant governor, DR., John
Blackmer; secretary of sta.,s, George Kemp
ton; treasurer, John l.. Kilburn; attorney
general Samuel NJ Fairfield auditor, VIII
lam M Sherman
The platform demands total prohibition OF
the manufacture, and transportation of in
toxicants.
Both of the great political parties are con-
dernned for their past course regarding the
liquor question The resolutions also recon-
mend that the act of selling or dealing in liz
uors should he punished by disfranchisement
Woman suffrage is Endorsed to the extent Of
favoring the submission to the people of N
amendment TO the constitution granting TIN
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
RECALLING WAR DAYS.
appointment OF the Daughter of the
Man Who Killed Col. Ellsworth.

WASHINGTON CITY, Sept. 10.-Miss Amelia
jackson, of Alexandria, Va, hes just been
appointed to position i'll the patent office.
Mis- Jackson is the daughter of that Capt
jackson of whom the following war incident
is true: "Ou the 2lth Of May, 1$jl, the fed
eral forces occupied Alexandra. Col. Els
worth, of the Chicago zouayes, entered that
city early IN the morning. The Confederate
flag was flying from the Marshall house, kept
by Capt james jackson, commander of an
Alexandra artillery company. Young Els
worth determined to have the flag as n
trophy. He Went to the roof. tore down the
stars and bars, and started hack He was
met by Capt Jackson, who poured into him
load OF slugs from a double barreled shot
gun, killing hun Instantly In another mo
meut Jackson too, was drId. with bullet in
his brain, which was fired from Springfield
rife in the hands OF Prvats-,ilt ,rwar1
Lieut. rowneil, OF Elisw orth'S command, y
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
The Cleveland Pl,,ia- Demer. with clear

The Cleveland PlIiR- D6aler. with clear
discrimination says: If the prohibition
party should poll 10000 votes in Penn
sylvania and prove itself strong enough
to hold the balance Of power in Name,
New jersey and Ohio, 1t will have made
itself factor in politics too strong 10 he
treated with derision and contempt. 1t
will have acquired ii power that will make
il dangerous to the old political parties
and particularly to the republican party,
which it threatens with disruption. What
the result of these efforts viii he remains
to be seen. The prohibitionisIs may he
mistaken, hut they are certainly in earn
est and not likely to be turned from their
purpose by virtuperation and abuse.
They have no faith in republican promN
Uses and very little fear of republican
threats"
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

Miss Cleveland has written an introdut
ton for Miss Frances Wizards new book
GLOW to Win"
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
An END To BONE sCRAPlNG.

Edward Shepherd. of Harrisburg. I'LL
saws: Having received SO much benefit
from Electric Bitters. feel il my duty TO
let suffering humanity know il. Have had
running sore on my leg Tor eight years;
my doctors told me ! would have to have
the bone scraped or leg amputated,
used, instead. three bottles of Electric
Bitters and seven boxes Bucklen's Armies
Salve. and my leg is now sound and well.
Electric Bitters are sold at fifty cents
bottle, and Bucklen's Arnica Salve at 25c
per box by Hartz & BahDsen.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

rom IN: oregon independent
Prof Oidt is native Of Lanark. Cars
roll county, and is gentleman of fine
educational ability and a suitable man for
the place.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
Who l. the Proper Authority?

SHELRYvUIE, Ills, Sept 10 49, Mayor
Marks of this city anl Judge Hes of the
county court are having "A conflict of author
ity SAM lIelton, confined in the county jail
for being drum, aud disurlcrly. was taken
out on a writ IF habetS corpus isSnel hy
Judge Hess, and after examination dis
charged from custody. BY the mayors or
der llcitou was at once rearr,stc,l and again
is an inmate nj the calaboose. The council
will back the mayor in his action. What
steps, if any, will now he taken 10y the Judge
is awaited with considerable interest. Law
yeis are divided as to the question ot the
county courts jurisdiction.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
think good notwithstanding the consider

think good Notwithstanding the consider
able republican majority to overcome.
Our reasons for so believing are
/. We think the people of the state
will look upon the office as nom political
aud are determined to elect man who
win throw life and energy into the work.
-lf there is a man in this session of the
state known for activity in educational
affairs. that man is Prof. Oldt.
.. We believe the professors standing
as an educator, in the state, and especs
rally in his own congressional district, his
excellent work being so well known and
appreciated, will enable him to entirely
overcome the large republican majority
generally cast.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

CINCINNATI, Sept. lo-James NJ Sworn
ste,lt, the noted holy prophet, of Walnut
hills, in an mtery lew Thursday states that the
resent earthquake was caused by bad spirits
in the bowels IT the earth The spirits are
intelligent as men, and have complete knuwl
edge of the use of dynamite, gunpo WIDER, etc.
They have been TRYING In blast passage 10
the surface OF the earth, and thus escape from
bondage The eNploSi ons incident to these
operations have caused the earthquakes |
have forctold this phcnoneul 1t is a sign
of the end Of the Christian age. The United
States will W. DESTROYED within two years
and all the wicked people will die, AMI the
others VIII 20 to Palestine
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
The nroper,ies of Mishlcr's Herb Bit

The properties Of Mishlcr's Herb Bit
ters are wholly medicinal II is com
pounded on scientific principles upon 1
German formula, 2po years old Clergy
men. Temperance people. and all o'hel
classes who oppose strong drink en- prin-
ciple, endorse and recommend our grea
household remedy. 1t is sure cure for
kidney and liver complaints,
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
GOV. RUSK REN0MINATED.
WISCONSIN REPUBLICANS HAVE CON-
. FipENCE IN HIS ABILITY.

The aabor Question in the Platform
Anarchy OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES Platt's
Speech to the Republicans of Connec-
Observation-Disclosures Prohibition Ticket
Congress ional Nominations - Notes
from the Political Field.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

NEW YoRK. sept 1o,-The executive com
mittee Of the Clothing Manufacturers asse-
citation Wednesday reserved a formal notice
from the arbitration committee Of district as
s.miilv 20, Knights Of Labor, notifying them
that their proposition had been accepted and
the strike .iliciaily declared otf in the tive
fa,tori,-, ,,lr,re Tire trouble began The men
are 10 go to work as miNRiuai>. The non.
union men will h retained by The mannfsc,
tuners. This d defeat for the Clothing Cut
tat.S' tuiou
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

DErRoIT, Mich, Sept i0-Judge John
Logan Chapman was unanimously nomi-
mated for congress by the First district Dem
ratio convention held here Thursday, W.
NJ q Maybury, present congressman AM
John J. Em-ight, his chief opponent, with
drawing.
Julius c. Burrows was renom1nated by the
Republicans of the Fourth congressional DIS
triet at st. Joseph, Wednesday, with very
little opposition.
Congressman James ODonnell was renom
mated Wednesday by the Republicans of th'
! Third district at Charlotte by reclamation.
| BAY CITY, Mich, Sept 10-Tbe Tenth dis
| trict Prohibitionists Thursday nominated
| David A. Ross for congress
FLINT, Mich, Sept. 10.-The Democrats o
the Sixth district did not fuse with TIN
Greenbackers, but Thursday nominated L
FL Ripley for congress.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

NEW York, Sept. l0-Richarl S, New
rnmbe, counsel for Maurice r, Flynn, eS-
pect, Ia save his client and Squire by taking
advantage of an alleged irresularity in the
making vi OF the grand juries which indicted
them. lie claims that snne formaiity which
the law require was not complied with in the
| selection OF any of the grand jurics which
have sat since October of last wear If this
is fact, and he can provo it, it will inval-
date any and all Indictments which have
teen found sine, October, 1885, and will Ia,
sweeping in its effects. District Attorney
Marine said about it: Il don't propose to
argue the point in th" newspapers, and do
not intend 10 make public what my course
| will b. in the matter
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
rostomce Robbers Arrested.

CEDAR RAPIDS. Iowa, Sept 10 -Postoilioe
Inspector narbeilay, Of the Chicago division,
"Wednesday arrested l.. J. Sullivan and
Charles Wynan ON the charge of the robbery
of the postoilices at Minneapolis, Northwood,
and GorionyIle Mimi. The inspector with
holds proof in the shape of letters found in
Sullivau's valise until pals in Chicago can bc
arrested Through these letters Glenn was
arrested at st. Paul Wednesday, Oar
bellay says the proof fixes the crime beyond
doubt
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
pETITION TO SELL REAL ESTATE


STATE OF ILLINOIS.
Rock Island County
In the County Court Of said Rock Island county
In Probate.
Charles W Halves. Administrator If the Estate
of Robert Smith, deceased, ~ Amanda J
Smith. John Muross, the Unknown owners Of
the premises In said petition dcsCrIbeh. and the
Unknown heirs of Robert Smith, deceased
Petition to sell Real Estate.
Due affidavit having been filed herein. notice IL
hereby given that the above entitled .uu Il now
pending in said for the sale Of TIN undivided
one half part of tn. following PREMISE situate m
said Rock Island county, viz: Lots scyCrtr'r.
eighteen, nineteen. twenty. twenty one t~'u''
two. twenty three. twenty fur, twenty five nod
twenty siN all of Ransom and Nuungs addition
to the town of Coal valley: also Of the folloa l-
premises in said county. viz. Htgimtng IF 'F
| north west corner of the south east Gur-r- NJ
the southwest quarter OF section twenty rs. ~
township Il. north range l west uf Nh 7. ~.
running thence east on the Is section line. tar
So. Il 81 ion Chlans; thence : Is. IVES 'sr
| "a 19-lW chains; thence sou h ~ east, lho
chains to q post, thence north 81 west NJ
chs ins; thence snUth 50 II west. l1tH cham
To the is section line: therce north said :
section line II 10 100 chains the place Of begin
ming except IS 100 uf an acre at The -o2ih west
corner south Of the creek. formerly conveyed
Now unless YOU shall personally ht and ppear
BEIGE >aid court on til first day of the SepItm-
hertcrm thereof, 10 be begun and holden IN The
city of Ro Island in "a county and state on The
Third Monday of september, \. u. 1856. to
which time and place the said summons Is mad'
leturnahIe and plead. answer or demur 10 tn
petition in said suit filed. that sand petition vii
be taken Tor confessed as against yen and deere,
entered accordingly.
Rock Island III. August 18th. A. u. fNSb-
RICHARD A. DONALDSON,
Clerk of sad Court.
HENRY CURTIS. Solr for Petitioner. i1-div
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
DIED WITH HIS BOOTS ON.
\ Negro Reri.her strung lip Without
Ceremony by Nis>ouriaus-

FAYETrE, No, SEPT. lo-News has been
received here OF lnehnS ON the farm of
John Thier in Howard county, ten miles east
of here Alien Coop-' ; "olora,l farm hand,
was the victim He attacked E'la Thcmp
son Thier's >tc}-laugi,ter, choSe.i her into
nSnsibii,y, AMI then committed hi, foul
purpose Several ntighhoCs Ner,ssJmmoncd.
and search was MAZE for Cooper. He was
found on distan; part of the farm, working
as though nothing had happened. He was
taken before the sirl and identified, after
which he was taken u n tree about 100 yards
distant and iynchctl He protested his limo
| cence, but the girl was positive, and no mercy
was shown. An inquest was held, and a yer
dict OF lynchiHg al the hands of unknown
iartitrs was rendered.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
A FAVoRIrE WITH THE FAIR SEX

Papilon (eNtract of flax Skin Cure i.
superior to all the much advertised skin
beauIitiers with the advantage of being
beneficial. and not like the mineral pre-,
parations usnaly sold which are very
poisonous, 1t will remove all intlamma,
ton, chatting and roughneSs of the skin,
smburn, freckles and unsrcmly hlotches
and leave the ruticle fair and soft as an
infants. An actual necessity for the
complete toilet table Large bottles only
81 90 for sale ut drug stores. Sold 10y
II II peSauto
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

BosroN, Sept 10 There are reports that
T. G. and f. W W aIlace Of Rochester, n
Il, will take The business of ClmItman &
Bingham boot and shoe manufacturers, Bcs
ton and make the creditors a cash offer Of
settlement CIoHtmm & Bingham, it is said,
have been selling DIR goods at less than pay
gpric,-, and the feeling in the trade is that
the failure Is principally 10 be explained in
tins WAY
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

BY virtu. Of an order and decree of the August
term Of the County court of Rock Island, Illinois,
made on the petition of the undersigned admins
traitor of the estate of Charles P swanson. de
ceased. for leave 10 sell real estate of said de-
ceased, | shall the ID day of October.
d, fSSb, between the hours Of ten in the fnft-
noon and i've in the AFTERNOON of said day sell At
public sale 10 the highest and best bidder. al IN,
north door ni the court house in said county. IN,
neal estate descrihci as follows, tr-wt: Lot eight
'sl of Mrs 4. s. Webher's subdivision If cut 'or
twenty-ihree t23), in section thirty five 1884,
township eighteen (1Sl, range two % est of The
fourth t4thl principa! meridian. IN thu e.. 81
Rock Island Rock Island county, lllinuf- 7fr
same 10 be sold subject 10 right of aovrr lrt
homestead IN Mrs. Caroline : swanson widow oi
Charles P. Swanson, deceased. Terms Of saiv-
cash
Dated this ith day Of September, A. D.. f-'b.
JAMES Il. Jon NSTON.
administrators of the estate Of Charles T. swan
son deceased. o
WV. McESTRY, Solicitor. 4-diW
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

The restoration to health of our child
VIC considered uncertain. When two
weeks old she caught cold. For IS months
was not able to breathe through her nos
trils. Upon useing Ely's Cream Balm her
difficulty is-removed; she breathes natural
ly.-Mr. s.. Mrs. J. M. Smith, Oswego,
N. Y.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
some Opinions Of GidI.

Prom TIA oregon Independent.
Prof Oldt is native of Lanark. Cars
roll county, and is a gentleman OF fine
educational ability and suitable man for
the place.
From the Mount Carroll Mirror (Rep1
The democratic party showed its WIS
dom in eIectin@ Prof F. T. Oldt, Of Ian.
ark, this county, rs their candidate for
state superintendent of public instruction,
"a man fully qualified by education and
habits of life 10 honor the position If he
should be elected. While political con>
ventious make the party allegiance of the
candidate requisite for the nomination,
it becomes party measure and the posi-
ton is contested Tor by the party orsani-
cation, and that brings it within the
realm Of political partisanship. We are
as partisan as the genaral run Of human =
ity, but when man of Prof. oldt's NOR
al standing and mental culture gets into
an important office, We will not weep
over it, you bet
From the savanna Times.
We stated in last weeks Issue that
Pot Oldt. of LaDark, had been h0mn-
nle5i for the Office of state superintendent
on the democratic ticket by reclamation
A more deserving compliment was never
paid a more worthy man. For many
years he has been one OF the leading ed
ucators of the northwest. and the people
of this county, irrespective OF politics,
heartily congratulate him. The teachers,
especially, almost to man, are enthu-
siastic over his nomination, and there is
no question but what Carroll county will
roll up big vote for him. There is only
one objection that can possibly be brought
up against Prof. 0ldt and that is that he
is democrat.
From the Lanark News.
Prof Oidt's chances for election we
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

NEW YORK, Sept. 10,-The political
strength of James J. Coogan, who IS being
doomed as "A labor candidate for the mayor
atty in opposition to Henry George, is grow
ing apace Circulars are being prepared for
distribution among the various unions in
which Mr.. Coogans ideas are fully explained
as TO what the efforts of the mayor of New
York should be to better the condition of the
working CLASSES.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
WIGGINS TO THE FRONT.
HE CLAIMS TO HAVE PREDICTED
THE EARTHQUAKE LONG AGO,

And says tho Worst Has Net Yet Hap
neutrality-suspicious. of "A Cincinnati
POLY Prophet"-Raising Money for
thu People OF CharIestoa-E glands
Sympathy Another Slight Shock.
New YORK, Sept lo.-An Ottawa, Ont,
dispatch to The Times says: Professor K.
Stone Virgins, of this city, has submitted
documentary and other proof to the minister
of marine going TO show that he predicted as
far back as March of last year the earth
quakes which are prevailing IN the south. He
also announced in The Ottawa Journal of
May - last the approach of subterranean
disturbance in the same locality. The profess
scr declares that the worst has not yet been
reached, and claims that.the greatest strain
will he felt between this period and the mid
die of October. The southern states will again
be visited by earthquakes, and the disturb
ances will extend to California and
South America. On being asked for his
| reasons for making the predictions,
Virgins said: Earthquakes. are caused by
the shifting of the earth's center of gravity
Suppose this center of gravity to b, moved,
say one mile from her normal center Of
gravity, or from her center of volume; now,
what must happens Why, the parts of her
surface at the end of the longer axis will be
| heavier and the parts at the end of the
shorter axis will he lighter than normal,
These discs, therefore, will grind upon each
other, generating heat and lava Hence,
| earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. If our
little visible satellite were brought down and
slid around the earth from east to west, in
twenty-four hours earthquakes would occur
of such violence as Ia render our globe I'M
| inhahitablen Professor Virgins claims that
those forces were in action at the end of Aug
| ust Both the earth's satellites, two of which
he says exist, Were then in perigee. Jupiter
was also near hisinferior con functions, which
| in limited degree increased the Strain.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

lou drc allowed Il .trcc trial Of thirt &.
days of the use of DIR. Dyes Celebrated
V oltaic Belt with Electric Suspensory
Appliances, for the speedy relief and rer-
manenl cure of Nervous Debility. loss OF
Vitality and Manhood, and all kindred
troubles Also, for many other diseases.
Complete restoration 10 health, vigor and
manhood guaranteed. No risk is incurred
Illustrated pamphlet. with full informa
ton. terms, etc D., mailed free by address
ing Vel,aic Belt Co, Marshall, Mich.
decd 4 W.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
The greatest foe of America people

The greatest foe of America people is
consumption; It's victims number many
thousands each year. Physicians and
druggists have at last found Il remedy
which they feel justified III Recommend
ing. This is DIR. Bigelow's Cure, which
cures consumption in stages that other
remedies are of no benefit. 1t cures
coughs colds, and all throat and lung
diseases speedily and safely Price 81
cents and 81. Of druggists.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

INIHAHAroLIs, Ind, Sept. AT the meet
ing ct sthe federation of coal miners, held
wednesday. a resolution WIS adopted favor
in. arbitration in machine mining, anf urg-
ing that wagesof rraeiiine niiners beequaiized
with those OF pick miners. Aresoiution favor
ing union with the international JiT"ies
union Of tn United States and Canada was
adopted and unanimous balio. was cast on
vote not TO unite with the knights OF
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
E,rn,eenth Illinois District.

ALTON, ms, Sept 10.-Ihe Republican
congressional convention for the. Eighteenth
district met here Wednesday at II a, m. Col
John Thomas, of St Clair county was
elected temporary president. After the cleo
ton of permanent officers, the reports of COM
mittees on credentials, and the appointments
of the executive committee nominations Tor
congressman were in order. Capt. Iritt, Oh
Madison, in am eloquent speech, nominated
the Hon. John Baker, of st. Clair. The noinn-
alton was made unanimous and Mr.. BAKER
was escorted to the platform, where he deiiv-
cred an address The convention was very
LARGELY attended
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10

TOMBSTONE. 4. T.. Sept l0-An Amer
lean living IN Sonora has arrived here with
news that few days ago Col Torres and
4Oa men routed 1903 Yaquis on the coast,
but was afterward attacked by the rein
forced Yaquis 10 the number of $500, and
was defeated. all hut small remnant of his
command I-.ing slain Torres escaped. The
Yaqti war is assuming grave proportions.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
Cholera, dyseniery and diarrhra come

Cholera, dyseniery and diarrhGa come
with the Summer imprudence in fruit diet.
Infection and sudden checks of pcrspira
ton cause these complaints. On the first
symptom take four or five Brandreth
Pills, and drink plen,ifully of hot water.
and you are safe. If You wish to render
the body fortress against disease, take
one or Two Brandreth Pills every night
for ten days and thus remove from the
bowels all irritating substance and purify
the blood.
The Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1885-1886, 1886-09-10
For sale by T. IL. Thomas.

A poiat to be remembered is that if
large flower pots are used there will be
mere leaves than flowers. Often plants
have refused to blossom simply because,
having so much space. their energies were
bent upon forming rootlcts and leaves