The Memphis appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1886-1890, 1886-09-22

! ~ CLOCK No. fame cay, ~ tinH on
direct line with the sun. Extremely
high tides occurred, therefore, for sew
eral days following. The moons upper
transit at Cha ,leston occurred at 2:22
o'clock pm. on August 3lst. The high
tide following (the higher OF the two
daily tides was at 9:35 o'clock pm,
just twenty minutes before the shock
occurred"
1t is obvious hist il the Carolina
earthquake was due to tidal influences
any repetition Of the shocks win be
hera' dtd, az was that CT August 3lst,
by minor sh, k pgs Of the earth in that
region. 1t also seems 10 be C ear tina.
il Perrey's theory be confirmed, its
fulfilment would be a strong agument
for the huidity OF the esIt1's interior
mas, and for the not yet disproved
theory that the fused m lsses glowing
under our feet may be su 2 ject to dis
turoaDc;s which at certain periods are
competent to cause fractures IN por-
tious Of the earth's crust. In his re-
port OF the earthquakes Of February,
1874, 1T Stone mountain, n. @. (witbin
fifteen miles of Block mountain or
Mount Mitchell, the highss. peak in
the United States east OF the Rocky
mounta'ns), rrot. Dupie compared the
shocks 10 these which would probably
be made by a snbterra 1ean tid1.
There may be b Dad and high
arches" he said, under wnich tho
earthquake wave may move without
disuroipg tie crust above, or there
may be deep depr ioas present ng
walls against which the molten tide
may beat and break end send up its
tounderiDg vibrations to the summit
Of the LIFT est mouDtail"
AGENCY OF STEAM IN EARTHQUAKES.
All leolog'ets astign an important
par steam in the produ ton Of vol
csnic trupions, aud it is highly prof.
able that most esrtt qusk have b en-
caused by the pene'r ton Of water
into the euperhsated depths. The
| formation 81 enormous quantities O!
aesm and other gases having pro
diRious pressure and explosive power
in TIE pe1t up spaces below is GER
taialy adequate t. account for ismic
phenom ma on a very extensive sea e.
rbe great Krek ,ioa eiupt on end the
to-sequsnt eaIthqu ikes ia 1883 were
cause d BY the sudden incu rsion of the
Javan seas into the volcanic furnaces
raging beneath them. Dr.. Hector, the
Epglish scientist, WHO hss just exam
ind the region cf the late New
Zealand earthquakes, gives the follow
ing explaustlon Of these awful convul-
sous: "The TarawtrA mountain,
which was formerly volcano, hal
been for ages heavily cap ed with CD.
aid an, fl;miBg, as it were, an enor-
nous glars dome hermet'c ally sealing
it. The pent forces lava now blGwn
this dome away. The tremendous ex-
p sion has shattered the tubes or
the piping Ct tho pink and white ter
races, which probably lead thouf ads
OF f. ct into the sup 1rheatsd regions I
the earth. This let down the VIII ole
of Lake Ro omahaua and generate d
an ir conceiv ible body OF team, which
simply blew. the entire valley an the
adjoining river into the air" While
such explos ons are not likely to &C.
cur in nonvolcanic srAss, they may
possibly, on smaller deRl zee OF int 81
sity, tax place in any part t the world.
CHEMICAL ACTION.
As the formation of deep hollows in
the sub rust { the earth would nat
urally weaken the support of the over.
crust i; Is evi 'ent that when the un-
de lying rocks ae soluble by water
ortu ct 10 any kind OF chemical
gia1ation eartt q uakes may origi-
nate. TIE eatirg ont OF large cavern
Gus spaces 10 the earth msy be given
as powerful Gauss Of seismic convul.
s our. The extayated area, deep I'M
foreground, would ia in, NJ is illus,
trart d ON SIN all scale ia mining dir
tricIs. P,of. Palmlerl suggas' ed
that toe d sastrous ca thquake # 1881
at O,slmiccio Yves caused by the
action of tie o. springs urder the
town, weslit G and washing out large
hollows, THUS weakening the upper
crus'.
To the tause' which have been men
ton, d as possibly produc i've OF ear h
tbrots must he ided those connected
with failing in the overcast, which
ia tn Oh subj ct to elevi ton, by which
C acRs and fl sures are produced. The
rapid bralions Of atmosphere pres
SUIT during cyclones and anli-cycjoBe1
mos clio be- regarded rs sutii iet t,
under peculiarly favorable circum.
3 amer, 20 cause earth tremos which
may pr ssibly eventuats in feri, us
ca thquskes.
But the la'tst scie ntiGc research es
tenn to prove tha the no effective
agent in causing des ,uctivr sho ks Is
water pelc. latlng h ough ti,sure' a. d
cracks to The su e heat, d rocks at
grtai depths below the surface.
THE EARTHs SECULAR COOLING"
1t is now assumed by scientists
generally that the earth Is slowly les
ing is heat Gu ing long ages by rad a.
ton into ep ce OF its PRINT We bea ,
and hence that is structure is slowly
c ntr ing. A studs Of terrestrial
climates within the historic period af-
forda, however, no evidence OF any
mattel alteration of the temperature
OF the land, sea or atmosphere. Q l.
matolog sts who havs loug labored in
comparing the mean tempe ature OF
d fferent parts of the glob9 IL recent
aud in remote per obs have failed to
disc yer any very notice able change
Of climate in any lsrGe geographical
ca einte the beginning OF hlstory.
find any ev dence of climatic
change We must go back into the
shadows OF prehistoric time, where
nothing defnile can bs found. But
notwithstanding the utter absence
Ct climatic changes there is
strong evidence for a pre-.
glessive loss OF heat in. our planet
The primitive hest must he slowly
redieted iuto interselsr space, as
there can be no question that the ex
cess tf heat in the enth's inteiol
gradually reaches the terrestrial sur
fece by COZ due ion, al d once on the
surlece only toe am spue'ic envelope
lies between IL and space. Thai
this envelope ole no eff ctua
barrier tn rdiAuun IS PROVED
every night, when thu tojl throw,
of the hest obtained Gom tn
solar rays This radiation from IL
surface Of all heat, whether from thu
solsr rays above or [ om The CLOWNS