Middlebury register. (Middlebury, Vt.) 1886-1937, 1886-04-23
THE WALNUTS-CONTlNUED.


THE WALNUTS-CONTlNUED.
| From Michauxs "The North American
SYLVIA
! Proi"gdtton. etc.-The species is pro-
pagated by the nut; which, when the
tree is to be grown chiefly for its timber.
is best sown where it is finally to re-
main. on account of the tap root, which
will thus have its full influence on the
vigor and prosperity of the tree. In
soils on moist or otherwise unfavorahle
subsoils. if sown where it is not finally
to remain, a tile, slate, or fiat stone
should be placed under the nut. at the
depth of three or four inches, to give the
tap-root "A horizontal direction. or. if
this precaution is neglected, the tap
root may be cut through with a spade
six or eight inches below the nut. In
dry or rocky subsoil, or among rocks no
precaution of this kind is necessary. The
varieties may be propagated by budding,
grating. marching or layering, and,
possibly. by cuttings of the root.
cred if there is no danger from vermn;
but. if there is, defer sowing till Febru-
airy. The most cOvenient mode is to de-
post the seed in drills two feet apart
from each other. placing the seed at
from three to six inches apart in the
drills. If terminated in heap before
sowing. the points of the tap-root may
be pinched off before planting. Whether
Sown in drills or broadcast. almost the
only attention required in their culture
while in the nursery is TO shorten once Il
year the tap or main root, in order to in
duce them to throw out fibres. for the
purpose of facilitating their transpanta-
ton, which, if performed in the autumn.
should be followed in the spring. before
the sap begins to rise. by cutting the
head of the tree entirely off. leaving only
a main stem terminating in the stumps
of the principal branches. The wounds
of these stumpS are carefully covered
with plaster composed of loan and
cow-dung or grafting-clay, secured from
]
thus treated push out shoots of great
Nigor the first year. and, these being
thinned out or rubbed off, the remainder
soon form head
Soil and SitudtioH.-The walnuts attain
the largest size in a deep loamy soil.
rather dry than moist: but the frnt has
the best flavor. and produces most oil,
when the tree is grown in calcareouS
soils or among calcareous rocks; in II
wet-bottomed soil it will not thrive.
The walnut is not a social tree, and neith-
er produces good timber nor fruit when
planted in masses. The walnut is gener-
ally considered injurious by its shade
both to man and to plants.
Hickories planted in masses should be
thinned when the plants have attained
the height of from five To eight feet, the
the larger trees being left for timber. for
ornament, or for fruit. Managed in this
way, and gradually exposed to the action
of the sun and air, they will have their
peculiar beauties developed in the fullest
manner. The wood which has grown
most rapidly is the most valuable. having
least of the heart-wood. The a~les of
the hickories abound in alkali, ana are
considered better for the purpos" If
making soap than any other of tie ma
tive woods, being next to those o. the
apple-tree. The shell-bark grows best
on the border of cultivated lands. OF IN
the edge of Il forest. Some of our gar
deners have paid attention to procuring
the best nuts for cultivation, and the
''true thin-sheled' may now be pur-
chased from the nurseries the nuts.
however, will differ in different soils and
situations, and even on individual trees
growing in immediate proximity.
METHODICAL DISPOSITION OF THE WAL.
NUTS OF NORTH AMERICA.
Monecia Poiyaadrid Linn. TereJinthdce0
! Juss.
FIRST SECTION. SIMPLE AMESTS.-vEGETATIO
RAPID.
|. Common European Walnut. .Juglans Re.
gia.
,. Black Walnut .Juglans Nj
gra.
3. Butternut. ......................Jug Ca
thartica.
SECOND observation-disclosures.
Compound Aments, each peduncie bearing three.
VEGETATION SLOW.
4. Peanut Hickory .Juglans (Carya)
Olivaetormis.
o. Bitternut Hickory .......Juglans (CaryO