davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

ceeds these granulcs unite In q Bpougy
mass, which Is constantly turned and OK
posed. II ls apparent that In this coudl
ton tho iron Is more susceptible than In
any future worklngto tho delVteFlous IT,
iluenCes Of an impure fuel.
These facts render natural gas pre-.
emlnently tho iuOl for pudding, itgreatly
aiding the production 6tlfon Of a superior
quality on account Of iLs remarkable
purity.
For heating iron and nteel, even when
used In the most primitive manner, ma
turnl gas excels coal. What may then be
said Of II whom used under conditions the
most iayorable2 Simply that II Is tinap.
ptoaChabls by any other fuel at present
known, thoug Oh there may be choice III
the furnaces iot Ito Use,
All other things being equal, tho direct.
working furnace "a preferable Tor heating,
first, because, II the furnace works proper.
~ the Iron At tho bridge becomes hot and |
ready for tue rolls much quicker than that
al the Que, aud ~ the hot metal ID tOmoy.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

American Manufacturer.
Whatever the future may develop as 10
the permanence Of the supply Of natural
gas, II Is probable tina! the day Of the usO
Of solid fuel in iron and glass making in
Pittsburgh Is over. Long before natural
gas had assumed Importance as fuel for
these industries the advantages Of tho
gaseous over the solid fuel weto recognized
and iron and glass manufacturers had
sought earnestly for On economical meth.
cd Of adapting existing plants to ia Use,
but any method or furnace that was both
economical and adapted to itH use required
the abandonment OF much oil the old
plant and extensive new construction,
aud therefore, In most canes, the old sys.
tom Of solid fuel was retained. Natural
gas permitted Of tho use Of tho old fur.
naCSB with but slight and inexpensive
notifications. This facilitated 10 intro.
duCtlDn. 1LH advantages, many Of which
u shares with producer gas, arc no many
that should II fail some other gas will DO
substituted. The days Of solid fuel are
over,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
GAS IN porrERrEs.

It's First Use In this Important Industry.
A supply from Small Wells.
Tho first discovery Of natural gas in tho
neighborhood Of East Liverpool, Ohio,
which locality Is noted for it's manufacture
Of pottery, was in 1860, while drilling for
oil. Gas wasfound at several places in the
Vicinity about the came time. At Jethro,
locality within the town limits OF East
Liverpool, two gas VOLS wcro struck, one
on Balls Island, in the Ohio river, oppo.
sito the eaatend fthe town, one on thcMc.
Kinnon farm, east Of the Cleveland rail.
road depot, one on the West Virginia
shore, directly across the river from the
depot, and several others OF little note.
The gas was struck at 400 To 600 feet from
the surface.
The Jethro well produced strong salt
water in abundance, which was thrown
out in large volume by the pressure OF the
gas. A short time after the well was
struck evaporAtlng pans we're put up and
the gas utilized In evaporatinR the salt
water, which was also thrown out OF tho
well by Its pressure. Shortly after this
utilization Of the gas at tho JeLhro well,
the gas from another well, at Little Beaver
Bridge, four miles east OF East Liverpool,
and near the Pennsylvania State line, was
utilized In the same way. 1t appears from
this, therefore, that aB carly as 1860 nat.
tral gas was Used In evaporating salt In
tho East Livorpoor district.
In October, 1873, Mr.. Homer Laughlin
sunk a we'll at bis pottery within the
town Limits, this being the llrst we'll bored
especially for natural gas, tta product
was also the fret gas utilized In the Ess.
Liverpool region for fuel aud light, with
tho exception Of the gas from the two
wglls above mentioned, which was utilised
In salt manufacture. Two yOAra later, or
In 1876, ollor parties In East Liverpool
bored wells, tho gas from which was also
used for fuol and light.
These wells, however, have never been
large producers, and have only furnished
gas fol light and fuel for snail titeB. Some
years ago, al q tinp when q number Of
WellH had been freshly bored. tho gus from
them was used In firing q very few kllns
Of ware, a large number Of the best wells,
owned by different parties, being coupled
Or connected together.
Tho supplies from these oil wells have
been gradually falling Oh, until at present
tho entire product will only furnish gas
sufficient for llghtand fuel for few stoves
aud hOuEe fires.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

1t has an average thickness Of five feet
though sometimes swelling to seven, aud
ia capped by thin scam from eight to
twelve inches thick, between which and
the main coal Is sandwiched sheet OF
Ere clay, called by the miners "soap
Btone," which varies in thickness from
that Of a'knife blade to the length OF o
two foot rule. In the day Of iron nails
the peculiar chemical combination Of this
coal gave Wheeling nails an admitted su'
periority which they loat on the intro.
duCtion Of the steel nail.
NUMBER 0,
known as the "Redstone," Is not work.
ed, nor has 1t been opened in this inme.
dlats vicinity, though 1t shows In places
on Cold Run; hut at Jim's Run, nine miles
south, where 1t has been opsned and
worked, 1t is five feet eight inches. It Is
also worked In the bend OF the crock above
Triadelphia, whero 1t has the same thick.
ness as at Jim's Run, and ia Of 80 good
quality that 1t Is preferred by some for
household use TO the coal from the Pitts
burgh seam. As the horizon Of this seam
Is but thirty.fve feet above the Pittsburgh
seRtn, 1t might be found to DO we'll worth
prospecting by those having mines in the
Pittsburgh vein, which are run far into
the hills, or whore their territory has DO.
come exhausted.
NUMBER 10,
which In some places Is known aS tho Sc
wiCkley coal, Is also In place, but so far "a
the writer Is aware has not been pros.
peCted beyond It's outcrop. AT Gold Run
which permit me 10 nay for the benefit oil
beginners In the study Of geology who
may wish to combine practical experience
with book lore, affords the best exposure
for tho Same depth Of strata Of any place
In this yiCinty-it shows but about q foot
In thickness; but Rs this Ia quite per.
sstent coal and mined in many places in
other localities with a general thickness
Of four feet, 1t is highly probable thor.
ough investigation would show |! to be a
workable coal here.
NUMBER II
Is not over foot In thickness and Is no.
whore known as q workable coal. No. 12,
like No. II, In the Bam0 exposure, showB
but twelve Inches, but in an exposure up
CAldwells Run, not over q half mllB south,
II Bwella to three feet. No. 10 10 little
better than u trace, rs II Ia nowhere
known to DO over foot In thickness.
NUMBER IA
at The Chapline uill exposure Ia a three
foo! B0anl, but on Boggs' Run four miles
south, Is Ia four and d half feet In thick.
ness aud "a fine coal o. any In the
Upper measures and RB the upper half Of
this Behtn Is a blocking coal, mined In
large Cubgg, and being Of high lusler, Il
affords tho prettlest coal Of the lot. OF
No. 10 the writer knows little more than
II ig In place, and tho same may be said
Of No. TO- Az both Of these required a
large amount Of labor 10 develop their
thickness, they were rated In our Geld
notes al twelve inches each.
. NUMBER II
% q good workable seam Avo feet In thick.
lpss aud In many placed highly ptiSsd "a
! domestic fuel, for 10 high heating power,
hOugh u would prove but an Indifferent
uel IN the manufacture OF iron, owing 10
% being 90 highly charged with sulphur.
10. II, the last Of tue series that shows Ia
III hills, 10 but small seam ten /
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

which undelries, surrounds and oVertops
our city Is considered. So great the quan.
tity, 60 easy OF access, go Cheaply obtained
Is coal that this introduction would Rp-
pear to be carrying Goals to New Castle
with q vengenCe, had 1t not been proved
that even hers, where nature has
thus lAvlahed her bounty of suR.stored
heat, this stranger who has come to visit
US Is not only cheaper and cleaner, hut
more handy than our black diamonds,
however cheap and handy they may be.
But has 1t come to stay? and is this
vast deposit OF concentrated heat, which
for nearly century has been ditfnsing its
genial warmth from 80 many fresldes in
our land and spending itself in innumera-
bls ways for our benefit and comfort, to
be relecated to Its dark chambers in the
earth, no moro to be disturbed until
called on TO contribute to that fire which
shall melt the earth with iervid heat
That We may the better judge Of this, let
us consider somewhat in detail the various
seams or strata that go to make this grand
aggregate, remembering the while that
each Of these reachea miles on miles in
every direction, and that every cubic foot
therein represents tTo'thlrds OF busheI
OF coal.
While doing this 1t may be well to take
in come Of the facts pertaining to several
seams
To prevent burdening tho columns OF
the ISrRLMGRNcgE with TOO many dry de-
tails and statistics, and yet convey tho in.
formation that such q presentation would
afford, the strata will bs spoken Of in q
more popular way. The facts concerning
the coal accessible to Wheeling might be
valuable, in view OF the expectation enter.
tanned by many that the natural gas will
Que day become exhausted. We shall
take the geological arrangement Of these
strata by numbers rather tfAl by letters
Both are used in designating them, and
on an ascending gcale we will for convent
euca commence with No. s Of tho series rs
defined iu tho Geological Survey Of Ohio,
and after ascending to the top, we will go
down and see what we can find below.
Tho reason for commencing at No. 8 is
that the coal embraced between No 3 and
tho top OF the scale is what is known %
the upper coal measure.
NUMBER 8
Is the vol known Pittsburgh seam, and
the one generally worked in this ylCinityi
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

tied are simply kilns drying the life out Of
the inmates as well as out Of tho furniture
and other woodwork.
So insiliously does the heat increase
that the thermometer will register in the
eighties before you are aware OF 1t,
So long as gas companies furnish an l1n-
limited supply at so much q year, careless
people will use 1t improvldently and to
their own injury.
Gypsy kettles are Of little value under
the most favorable conditions, but they are
generally so placed that the yapor Is
drawn into the fireplace.
Sending up vapor with burnt air from
furnace heated to redneEs, may disguise
but cannot restore It's healthiul qualities.
A properly constructed furnace should
have a large radiating surface, which can.
not be overheated, thus securing a supply
Of warm air instead Of bad blast.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

Of this aggregate being doubled, does Il
seem probable that this great body o.
heat Is to be no longer Of account In the
economy Of Gods gifts to MANI but on the
other hand, is 1t not much more probable
that II for the present II Is to be set aside
1t 10 as a reserve 10 be called on to minis
ter to his comforts and necessities when
in the far of future, earth and air hay
ing grown colder without 1t he must die
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
A HOUSE

REGULATOR. Aquaria, ornamental
vases filled with water, and growing
plants watSred according TO theil
needs, will make the atmosphere
sufficiently humid, and an pleasant
as Juno morning. Pittaburgh'f
genial Fire Marshal, Mr.. McFsdden
Compltmented the owner Of house where
all these conditions were carried out, by
saying that he had been In many housed
that were heated but this was tho lirBt one
that no had ever been In that was EARNED
Truly q very nice distinction.
10 those who are deferred from the use
oil gas through fear OF explosions tho
writer would call attention to the fact that
explosions have occurred only IN housVs
where the gas was not used.
AZ between gas and coal, the question
o. the greater safety Ia certainly on the
side Of gas.
You avoid the danger arising from burn.
inRSoot, sparksand iallingCoalB. II gas CO.
.cCapes In agrate without being lighted Il
twil pass up the chimney without dan.
Rer, being lighter than air,
fyour cellar has any ventilation what.
ever, no ordinary leak will DO dangerous,
a. the light gravity oil the gas will cause Il
to escape into tho outer ali.
The gas companies have 30 iully mot the
dangera formerly attending tho tiSe Of FAD,
and their safety appliances are 40 perfect,
!hat the most timid need no longer hesi.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
Fon HOUSEHOLD USE,
starting tito riro aud Keeping IT t,arn

Startling tho Firo md Keeping II turning
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES signals Of Caution. / /
To START FtRBi Before turning on The
gas, place flame on tho GFe.brlCk, or close
70 the burnefsj then turn the GAS on
Blowly, taking care that tho flame 10 not
extinguIBhed, II the gas 10 turned on sud.
denly with full force, Il may blow out Che
hainO. II this occurs, or II the flame is
eGtinguIHhed from any cause, wait o mo.
ment for the gas that has escaped 10 blow
away, before approaching another flame
AipOr q lie beat ior lighting gu areS,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

ed the remainder 10 constantly arriving at
q welding heat, at just the precise moment
when Il Is required to be taken out, which
reduces waste to a minimum; while with
the reversing furnace, the entire heat is
likely to arrive at the rolling temperature
at the came moment, with an inevitable
increase OF waste on that portion retained
in the furnace the longest, Again, the
greater number Of heaters are accustomed
10 working with the direCt,woTking fur
mace; It comes mole natural and easier to
them, and enables them to get better re-
anita
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

II Is worry important that the pumbiug
work connected with the natural rps sci.
ylcs should lie carefully ind skillIuIIy
done. Consumers should employ only
prudent, experienced plumbers, who vll
do honest work. Large pipes are the besi.
Galvanized fittings only should be used.
Wherever II is possible, pipes ShCnd DO
put up ilueg, and under no consideration
should they be placed inside Of Partitions
or Coupboards. A leaky Joint may allOs
gas to accumulate unnotlced for dsys, aud
when 1t comes In contact with flame, az
explosion will follow.
stop.cocks should not be placed between
floors and ceilings, whore they may leak
without detection for some. time, and
where they difficult 10 gelatin tbOevenI
oil repairs becoming needlul Pipes bad
better be directly under the CRATE, wilhal
extension bar to the outside Of the fender,
where the key can be attached when IT,
quired. No cement joints should be PEI;
United. Pipes must stand q pressure Of
ten pounds to the inch.
To make everything Raia have all hOd
around any pipes which enter the celln
carefully stopped with cement on Ousida
and inside. Tramp theearth around Wnisi
pipes and sewers very firmly to preytll
any leaking gas from following tho plPsi
as 1t may do II the earth is loose afoani
them.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14


Cleanliness Of person and G the hons.
Is one OF the blessings secured by tLe sHh
stitutlon OF gas for coal no dust o,,s"S,
upon a gas frei the curtains, Carpels s'I csiI
ings, paper hRngings and other lecom,ior,
are wholly unsoiled, whore gas i p,ooS yI
used resulting in an enormous soyips !!
washing, In wear and tear and in repew,i'
Uniformity OF temperature may ia
perfectly secured, ensUring freedom lrom
Goals aud from other Complaints dps IA
alterations Of heat and cold. IntheCh,S,
bers Of the sick, OF the aged, or Of m n
in feeble health, the gas lire may bs jpb.
ed nolselessly and regulated excel, a.
C0rdingly TO the wishes OF the ocCa1ant.
never loo hot; never too cold.
Convenience. No cellar 10 be GTa
with dusty coal; no burdened back IN en-.
rying 1t up stairs; no search for kinllipa
when 9 fire 10 wanted; only the liphliorcl
y match and the turning Of q cock-be,
hold a fre
The gas Is delivered to the Rr,placp,
without noise or dirt; 1t does not peed 10
be swept after; 1t does not change prics
from Rtrlkes Of miners, nor from rtIirold
blockades, nor from other Interruptions;
it is always at hand.
The use Of gas allows people who have
to rlss early OF least half an hour mora
sleep, owing TO the fact that there Is no
delay in lighting fires.
When "only spark OF frep is wanted
the amount can DO measured to nicely;
the gas can DO shut of the instant the XII.
Ito boils or tho iron Is hot, without over
heating Of tho room. So that the gSs /,
not only better than anything else ior cod
weather, but In hot weather also.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

Relic hunters are pulling to pieces the
Dorchester church, one Of the very oldest
In South Carolina, ~
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

"HonCsly Is the best policy" but II docs
mol make ho silver dollar worth seventy.
I've COnlg
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
IF GAS SHOULD FAIL?
THE onBAP ASD ABUNDANT FUEL
which Ito. Above, beneath and NIL Around
Whesllng-ThS Various seams of Coal to
be Fpund'at Convenient Depths aud
in Workable Veins Around us,
By Col. HENRY B. HUBBARD.

N the eyes Of many
the introduction Of
natural gas rs a fuel
will appeaF as a work
OF supererOgation
where the immense
nuantikV Of coal
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
pnovlDINa AGAINST ExrLosloNs.


Explosions Of n serious nature may
arise without proper precautions on tho
part Of thoso using tho gas, % it 10 pow
fully explosive when mixed with mir, 1t
10 in lighting up cold furnaces that ex.
ploaions generally happen, tho gas being
permitted to ill the furnace before it Ia
ignited, when there Is an explosion which
wrecks tho furnace. When the furnaces
arc in uae they are hot enough to ignite
the gas the moment It enters, but when
Geld the gas should bs ignited as It leaves
tho pipes, or II that Ia impossible fire
shonld DO placed on top OF the bridge
wall, or as near the roof OF the furnace as
eau be-. The gas then takes fire before 1t
aCcnmulates to any dangerous extent.
Under boilers there Is generally small
let OF the gas kept burning continually,
which sets fire to the larger supply the
instant 1t leaves the pipes. This plan is
both simple and safe,
Solid carbon deposits Is a feature pecul.
lar to natural gas, and Is doubtless due to
an inadequate supply OF air for perfect
combustion, and not, as Is the prevailing
impression, to the fact OF the gas being
| ueNINuI III 6uutuNuIluS " ubo tuV gbb III
the Siemens furnace Ia the customary
manner, it was found that the single air
rogenerator was incapable OF supplying
enough air for the combustion Of the now
fuel, and there was an accompanying
heavy deposit OF carbon, but the moment
both regeneration were used for supplying
air no more trouble was had with carbon,
Again, 1t is noticed that carbon is de.
posted moro readily In the direct.work.
Ing furnaces when they arc allowed to run
cold, as over Sunday. This arises from
the fact that during that time the dsmpel
Is so placed as TO almost completely STOP
tho draft, thus admitting very little air
while the gas, being under pressure, lilll
the furnace.
Tho greater affinity othydrogen for oxy
gen causes 1t to combine ut once with all
the oxygen in the limited supply OF air
and the carbon being sol free 1t is depoB
tied in the solid form.
Furnaces with full supply Of air
where Il iS needed, remember, will nevel
create trouble by carbon deposits.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

An experience Of
two years and q hall
with natural gaa
shows that there are
no vile effects attend.
ing It's use, on health
or wood work, when
tho temperature isnot
to allowed 10 exceed
nty degrees.
Aquafia, ornamental
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
NUNpRR

A rather cratic seam, owing to its cut
in many places; has its horisons al
about 440 feet below No, s, and is the
seam that is worked at Rush Run, and
wherever worked is a coal Of good quality
aud as 1t has an average thickness u five
feet Is very valuable,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
Temporary stoppngo OF SUNNI

In case a coal lreis wanted in tho ,..
or fireplace, the supply OF pas 5i ltUva
(which might occur from NECESSARY rug y
pairs or alterations to the main pine: q, ~
move the loose friedrich or cfnciS1 ~
the tire place, II tho burners cSn y
readily removed, displaca them, I'M, " Y
they cannot, put the coal in over tbs s
this FIRE can be burned for several l bon,,
without damage to the fixtures. Tia SV W.,
lorations in the burners can be cS "a nv, Ss'I
out by allowing the gss to blow tbTousS
them for q moment or two. Ee,U,ss
gas turned OF outside The regulate, pD NY
tho coal fires are all extinEuished AMI Il ~
burners are cool, New burners mU nS ' u
put in promptly, II the old ones aTs bn, ~
ed from long exposure to coal iiro 'N'U
When the escape OF gas is di, covprpd I.
9 cellar or elsewhere, open HE wiadDF, +, "
lot 1t esCspei avoid lighting Il by sn "
flame IS gas 10 lighter than air h viii ivy Ivy
to the top Of the room, For this n" rea ,,'0
open Tho tpindOWs from tie Ton, '''''''
DO not hunt u leak with A lipht Wbo,
the leak Is found in this way il gepera WS
causes an explosion. Get the Location =,
your regulator and Of the valve 1Ysj i"
your mind, and shut of tins gas Inv tc,s. ~
ing down tho valve IN tho dark. il ' voD
don't feel like trying thIa plan, pu! cat III
the fires and liGht0, Opsn tIo windoT,
and send word to the CCmpany's otics n,
to your plumber.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
THE NEW FUEL
APPLIED no IRON AND STEEL

An Expert Vlow-The Use OF the YaPor to
Obtain the Best Results The Old aud
tue New COntrasted- Practical. sug-
Ee.tions for Practical Work,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14
because 1t leaves no ashes behind :.
rarely blows out, u'nu And

SNS,eAS ~ ANelVo uu hAleH bAhinI
rarely blows out, ''H'nu lad
When the gas % turned Off ass,ni
leave the doors Of the stove or n MI, ~ IalgAt
the hampers open, so that anv aas o.
may escape from an imperfect fi SGa NAY
be blown up the chimney, "NSNul
Where there Is perfect enmhrs,i,, y,
gas either goes up the tlue uphp,ni,I u!e
out into the room, where It iaslens S ~. OF
furniture, wall pspsr ard enrtains upon
forms greasy deposit, which Ia ro, anu
ticularly Injurious, butt ahon,d N.Y., PN'
for II can DO easily and surely nrs Su1 w.
Burners must BIZ examined 6v 'sn a.,;
plumber, and q proper mixture q rsi s .S'i
air insured, sS' and
There are complaints that fn,r;,,,, +,
warped gnd cracked by the "jTv boat5, y y
gas. This heat Is not driar than any nSS ~, oI
to which vapor or water has M, J Eat.I
added but higher Temperature 'i !. o ','
stsutly maintained with ras Than - , voI'
any other tnel, Ir It does not reani, WIN ~
tention to feed the FIRE; the sa,ns tt ,s,, aI'
nature maintained in any other wav 'v w0,,f;
have the same effect, II Is alwgys h "oS,u
evaporate water at the fire, alicSi S,' y 70
yapor 10 mlngle with the air Of the T6o 'ue
It does no good II the yap0r escsp,s M
the chimney, as many permit it 10 do "
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1886-09-14

At the one at the Top mill four II no
more Of the lower seams were penetrated
but at what depth is known Of but two
and these 20 to show the seventh and
sixth are in place, leaving the place Of the
Others GonieCluTal,