Springfield globe-republic. (Springfield, Ohio) 1884-1887, 1886-06-12
HUDNON'S BAY REGION.
WHERE THE CLIMATE is WARNER
AS ONE TRAVELS NORTAWARO.

WHERE THE CLIMATE IS WARNER
AS ONE TRAVELS NORTHWARO.
The Question Of AItitude-The Chinook
Winds How LatitudinaI Distances Di-
minish >n"wf fall on the Low Table
lands Abundant Game and Grass.
A very important fact must bc noticed
in travelling from HudSon's bay to the
knCkles. Onr starts ON land about nifty
feet above the sea level. and. gradually
rising, reaches an altitude of only Nro feet
at the base of the mountains This Is
following the Goth parallel or within
fifty miles north or south Of it Starting
on the lrh parallel. in the same longitude,
say in the nrighburhuod of the Lake "
the WOuds. the height above the sea is
over l,unN feet, and at the base of tn"
mountains in that latitude it is over 6,nU
feet, or more than 5.H" feet heiEher than
il is in a relative position as to the mount
aims GnO or 40 miles north Of il
II Is generally but erruucuusly supposed
that one travelling from the 4Sth parallel
Of latitude n0rthward, say on the lHth or
10th meridians of longitude, would find the
climate colder each fifty or 100 miles,
while the facts are he will find il warmer
~ he proceeds nOrthward, and this rule
will hold good for ~ miles on the lWth
meridian. and for luU miles on the llOth
meridian, taking the 4~th parallel north As
a starting point The writer has proven
this proposition from actual observation,
and II may easily be established from a
statement of the simplest rules Of natural
science. As a general principle. i'll the
north temperate zone as well as in the
sub-arCtlC regions the further north one
proceeds the colder he will find the atmOS-
pherr hut this rule will apply only when
the traveller l. going from lower tO a
higher altitude above the sea. In the re
gions Just mentioned land let il be under
stood the rule applies until the Goth paral-
lei IL reached altitude has more To do
with the climate, 50 far a. heat and cold
are concerned IN fact, as far rs all
meteorological PHENOMENA gotham latI-
tude
The writer has been upon the delta
shores of Lake Athahaska, which are only
seven hundred feet above the sea, and al
most at the foot of the Rockies. where
snow will scarcely remain on the ground
for twenty four hOurs at "A stretch during
whole winter. This is more than Nv
miles north of the north boundary Of Da
kOta or Montana, where the mercury often
goes down To 10 degrees below zero (Fah
renheiID, and where the winters are long
and severe. At the former places the mer
curry rarely touches zero, and in the grand
stretch of park country on every hand,
and for 30 miles to the northwest, the
cattle belonging to the Hudson Bay posts
in that section have rOamed at large
through more than fifty winters without
the need of stable or cut hay The latter.
cured upon the stalk. Is plentiful, and rs
rich fodder in midwinter a. the excellent
grass is i'll summer Aside from the ques-
ton of altitude, the country last in ques-
tiOn is favurably affected by the Chinook
winds, which find their way from the Pa
Citic through the mountain passes. This
il why the thermal lines extend further
northward on the llOth meridian and west
of il than on the lOOth, as before indi-
Gated.
NORTH OF TIE HEIGHT OF LAND.
Important questions OF mathematical
geography present themselves to one On
the western shore of Hudson's bay Lon
gltHdinally he is nearly in the center of
the continent; little nearer TO Liverpool
or Queenstown than the cities of New York
or Quebec, within $50 miles as near to San
Francisco as the city of Chicago. within
800 miles OF the Pacific ocean: within 80
miles of the northeastern border, and 60
of the center of the great fertile prairie
country north of the height Of land: in
short. a hHrbur on the western coast Of
the bay, provided the latter and the strait
are uavigable for sufficient period, would
command the traffic Of half the continent.
Ii il curious To notice to what extent lat
itudinal distances diminish between any
two meridians as one travels nurthward.
The width of the continent on the siNtieth
parallel-apparently its greatest width on
most maps-Is nearly 6DO miles narrower
than it is 100 miles farther to the
south. On the SiXtieth parallel it is
scarcely 800 miles in breadth Over
1000 miles Of this distance may be
traversed in a steamship, through Hudson
strait and across Hudson's bay: the re
mainder Of the distance, about 90 miles
is across low level country, ranging in
altitude from fifty feet at the start to no
feet at the base of the Rockies above the
sea. The mountain passes by way Of the
Pine river. a series of summit lakes. and
the Skeena, will at no point reach more
than $50 feet above sea level The
average snowfall throughout the low
tablelands does not exceed ten inches.
and that through the mountain PASSES
mentioned not more than three feet The
temperature of the atmosphere in the
coolest months of winter along the line in
question is higher by at least ~ degrees
than il is along the 18th parallel
except on the Shores of Hudsun's
bay and for about 100 r,iles inland From
q. 4.
lower, frequently run, ing down TO 10 and
~ degrees below zero. The statements
are in accordance with meteorological rec
urds kept by Hudsons Bay company pusts 5.
which extend from the Atlantic to the
Pacific along the sixtieth parallel, and for
many miles Ia the north Of il.
For the first 30 miles westward from
the bay. the traveller will meet with thou
sands Of reindeer, and thousands of "har-
rem ground" Indians, a branch of the Cree
family, between whom and the Esqui-
maux. who inhabit the country to the
north Of them, there has always been the
bitterest hostility After that one meets
with the Crees proper, and travels through
II delta or silt country, composed OF nat
ural parks. embracing vast areas OF the
best grazing lands To be found anywhere
They are frequent.-Cor. Chicago Times
A Household Hand-Weaving Machine.
An ingenious kind of hand weaving ma
chine or loom mas been invented in Ger
many, by means of which silk, wool, yarn,
cords. strips of fabric, etc, can be woven
into pieces that may be applied 10 various
useful purposes in the household. In using
this machine the warp threads are first
arranged parallel, either on the backs Of
two chairs, or secured to the knobs of two
doors. The warp threads are then passed
through the heddles, arranged on suita-
ble frame. and the ends of the warp
threads are tied together and fastened to
the back of the chair upon which the per
son operating the loom sits, and the other
ends of the threads are held in a suitable