davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
DEMOCRATS Trying TO GAIN TINE

COLUMBUS, Ohio, March 81 (Specidt .-Repub7
ucan Senators are considerably provoked to-day over
the demand for time by the Democratic contingent
OF the Senatorial investigating Committee. Al Cin-
cnnaIi last week. when Senator Pavey wanted 10 end
the the Democrats promised to be through
by Apr but the idea seems to DO to Kill time anu
pile up expenses Already $4,000 has been paid ont
for expenses witness fees, aud carriage hire IL has
most expensive investigation on record III ONO
aud the taxpayers grnmblng. as IL In pow nearly
time for the Assembly TO ADJOURN The purpose OF delay
To secure pospUneinent OF the Cincinnati Scnat"riai
contest until next January allowing the four Demo
crats 10 retain tneir ssats Democrats BAY That lev
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
FORT WORTH.
AN ANGRY MOB IN FORT WORTH
STRIKERS INTERFERING With TRAINS HELD A
RAY WITH wINCHESTERS.

BAY WITH wINCHESTERS.
Fort WoRTu. Tex, March 31.-AbOut nOon
AZ freight train making up Oh the
Nissouri Pacific road, mob Of strikers
surrounded It. Of the strikers attempted to mount
the engine but was knocked down with the butt end OF
sx-shooter in the hands OF a deputy sheriff The mob
was told to stand back the officer threaten
ing to shoot the first striker VINO ap-
proached the train The strikers were unarmed.
trains succeeded in making their way TO
Hodge switch station. three miles north OF here Ihey
we're followed By the strikers In order TO save the
engue. from being killed the cars were side tracked
and the engines we're to Denton. The strikers
ali cOupngpins from the cars on the side
track and then returned 10 the city The sheriff has
summoned 100 of the leading citizens to appear
at freight yards tomorrow. armeu
with Winchester rifles reyOvers, when IL will be de-
rided whether mob force shall rule or not The track
nv the Missouri Pacific Railroad from here to Den
ton belongs to the Texas and Pacific Railroad and
United states Marshal Cabel with deputies wiH Do here
tn-morrow TO aid In the movement OF freight.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
BAD WEATHER on SEA AND LAND.
THUNDER, LIGHTNING AND RAIN-IRoCBLE WITH
TELEGRAPH WIRES

TELEGRAPH WIRES.
All Tuesday night and all day yesterday 1t
was what sailors den nominae dirty weather" at sea-
dense fog hung the and the Sound in the
early morning and all day there fog, wind and Occa
siona gusts OF driving rain AT night the wind rose
high and sent the rain dashing through the thick air.
1t was bad night for the stranded ships the coast
and for the ships trying TO make "A hafbor
In the early evening the assumed the character OF
what called Scotch mist. During the day there was
little wind II increased. however night came and
about 80 d. N. It became gale. Ten minutes later
the rain began TO come down in torrents The Wind
blew Al the rate OF twenty nine miles an hour and with
the ain made pcdes riansn exceptionally unpleasant,
as II was almost impossible 10 carry umbrella First
the wind would be from the southwest and then from
the southeast. Then, II undecided as to Just what
direction il should take It would blow from the south
After about hour the rain almost ceased When the
storm was its highest the lightning flashed brilliantly
and the distant rolling OF thunder was heard, while
occasionally il hailed.
The telegraph companies had much trouble with their
wires With points in he extreme SOUTH such as Jack
sOnvIe Fla. New Orleans. and places In Texas all com
nunicalion cut off Places III the West such as
Chicago while not entirely isolated uncertain At
time there might he dozen wires working; ther
almost Immediately all might be cut of but one so
uncertain lcgraphng that the companies did not
attempt to send anything but the most important dis
patches The trouble WAS not alone the WIND ana rain
but about F. electrical storms began to manifest
themselves. II is what telegraph meL call the aurora
IL was apparent long before the thunder
suc stor ms often fake place This was the main cause
OF the trouble in the West and Northwest. In The South
the telegraph believed that there had been great
OF Iain III eight hCurs The prospects are that II will
this morning but clear and grow colder the
The wind early last evening sign from the
fret story of No. l.264 Broadway and IT struck and
seriously Injured Henry Cormack axe fortyw0 OF No.
4O7 West sIxty-secondst.. and Flora b. Aldrdge age
twenty, Of No. 434 West Eighiy-third-st.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
DEATH FOLLOWED EY DISCLOSURES or FRA

DEATH FOLLOW NJ n BIS' LONt hIN VT Thi ' ~.
BosTON, March 81 (Specidh.-A few days ago
Colonel Il. W. TIoyt, prominent citizen Of New
HAMPSHIRE, well-knOwn in Boston, died sud
denly IA it was alleged, Of apoplexy. lie mad
been married only few weeks He was the treasurer
and manager of large shoe manufactory at Elr
ping y. II. 1t was a joints ock corporation
the stock having been taken by Colonel Hoyrs
personal friends Ills reports all tended to
demonstrate that the company was prosperous.
Generous dividends we're paid and Colonel Iloyt was
on the topmost OF popularity An investg alton
of the affairs OF the company although not
complete reveals bad conduct on Hoyts
part. He issued considerable amount
Of irregular paper and while the company was actually
in debt, borrowed money on fictitious securities 10
pay dividends. lie induced personal friends. IN
cludiny his own father. to sign his paper,
and IN several instances he has thus lett ms
friends destitute circumstances There Is S1OOO ana
more of irregular paper ont. The female DOokkeeper
rigid crOss-eX animation by Hon e. IL Burns
ana Oters she stated that IL HOyts custom 10 take
from the drawer what money he wanted and leave
memorandum the memorandum 50 bind that II was
impossible to know anything about the transac-
ton lie also took blank checks from tne
check books and filled them out for amounts
and purposes she had knowledge o.
over 900 has been taken from the concern when
the bookkeeper has account Of and which IS positively
aefa
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
BOTH SIDES STUBBORN IN LYNN.
THE KEENEs SAY THEIR ENGINE SHALL NOT STAR
UN1II THE BOYCOTT is OFF.


UNTIL THE BOYCOTT is OFF.
LYNN, Mass, March 81 (Speciah. labor
stuation here is growing critical As result OF
conference between the Shso and Leather Association
Elective Board and those members who are deDarred
from steam power this evening 1t Is again feared gen.
era strike will resilt The Keene Brothers hold that
they are absolutely ia the right and tho Executive
Board OF Knights Of Labor feels that has done all In ts
mower TO remedy the evil ard can do no more.
ono OF tho Keenes said to-day: MY engine will not
start again until the boycott is off, The Knights OF La
Dor members have not been IN conference with Mr.
Keene since Tuesday morning
J. c. Fox * Co. were quick 10 making up their minds
on a course TO pursue pending tho Keene trouble.
within an hour after the shutting down they had
extra quarters they havo since been dong as
much of their business as was possible Hsside TINS
they purchased engine and within twenty-Ionr hours
will their entire force of help ana continue man
uiacturing with steam and power OF their OWN lhes
has been considerable discussion among inc disa1eo
their lease contracts with their several tenants Legal
advice has been taken on the question ana the con
Violated their contracts, and thst the violation
win exist until such time as steam for heating
aud power for manufacturing is again FURNISHED.
This IL the week OF the Keene troubles An
extra force employed at the skowhegan factory ana
faciured each day. These goods are received al the
Lynn factory from day to day for hna shipment ~ l,
wolh seem that the Keene business doing WELL ana
for four months the Lynn Knights OF LaDor nave peen
OF the Lynn shop on strike IN behalf oil their
friends to no purpose aud prospect or settlement
| Three or four hundred shOemakcrs. men and women,
! have been out OF work on accout OF the oko"hessn
troubles of these have found work else"here ~
main most OF the L mn Reeme force are t.o s tSe
Thirty tive union lasteTs were discharged from '"e
Maine factory and this caused the trouble.
HUNTINGTON Penn, March 81 Especial -The ehor, 10
hold meeting to-day at Osc0a, IN the Ciearhea region'
was failure far practical results are cohcerneu.
The Invitation OF President Hughes OF the Executive
Board OF the Miners Federation. 10 be present was no
complied WITH and consequently there was nopody WIZ
whom Mr. Hughes aud the committee could hesotia.e
The operators positively refuse TO lress win ~
fTuyles or recognize him in tue onicial capacity IL
| which he presumes TO act
| Chicago. March 3l.Thc Chicago stove WORKS, Gun n
ntovinr $50 men have shut down. An accident 10 th'
machinery the reason gwen nut mere Is usr".
between the firm and some OF It's employees III rcgaiu
wages.
! CLINTON Mass March 1.-The 200 employees OF IN
/ Iancaster gtngham Mills were about TO make uoihah
for higher wages their action was antielpA,ea
the uv,tipz Of an increase 10 @l Al
day. r.. c.,c.rv IN
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01

TIE GULF OF AKABA THOUGHT TO BE LOST.
The steamship Gulf of Akaba, which sailed
from Huelva Oh March with of 1000 tons Of
iron ore consigned to John Parsons Co. OF No. lO5
John.st this city, has arrived and is believed by
many sbippag to be lost Captain Scotland Of the
steamshiD sikh who arrived hore last Saturday from
China and Japan reported that March Is, In latitude
33e 45' and longitude Az IS, during ter
rife southwest hurricane. he sighted the Gulf OF
Akaba she rolling heavily but did not sppear to
be IN any danger The hurricane lasted eighteen houTs,
and feared the Akaba met with an accident She
load petroleum In cases Tor Bomoay
the Red and. according To her chaier
should been ready TO load to-day Tho 0narteIer on
Monday all hopes OF the vessels arriving. ana
carry his contract with the shipper ana
owner OF the oil freight he obliged 10 cancel the
and send TO Phi ephia 10 ENGAGE the steamer
sir Garnet WOlscley. which Is now on her way here
Messrs Funch, Edge Co.. the agents OF the overdue
vessel entertain grave fears for her safety
The Gulf OF Akaba had board crew OF about
thirtyive men. IN command OF Captain A. Walls. she
was an iron steamer OF l.GOf net tonnage. and
was built at MiddleborO, England IN 1888, for the
Greenock Steamship Company Limited. by H. Dixon
Co. She 275 ieet In length. 81 feet beam ana ~
feet deep she had five buikheads anu was valued at
$4,000 Her cargo was worth S1orOOO. BON snip
and cargo are believed 10 be Insured.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01

ALLEGED ELECTION FRAUDS IN CINCINNATI
CISCINNATI, March 31.-Ihe sun Inde
pendent Deinocrau will Tomorrow publish article
claiming that glarna fraud perpetratcd in Pre-
cnct G.. Sixth Ward in the october election. by which
Frank Ratterman. Democratic candidate for County
Treasurer was deprived of 800 votes and his KepuDi-
can opponent, William BOettger. Was credited Wlln
about 800 more than he received.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
VANDALISM IN ATCHISON.
MASKED STRIKERS BEAT DOWN GUARD AND DE-
sTROY PROPERTY.

ATcuIsoN. Kan, March 81 Especial. THE
.uce.,fu moving OF trains yesterday and the presence
M the sheriff to protect property and life
led the people to suppose that the
,trkers had at last been conquered. but
last night moro daring aud destructive rad WAS made
nv them than ever before. The shops were
guarded by ten deputies. who were attacked
early this morning by some seventy-hve masked men,
ho capured guards and then proceeded to demosh
enytnes cut belts disable machinery generally The
damage done considerable. aud II will take three or
tour days This morning the Sherl took out
four trains driving off MASKED men who attempted 10
stop them. ,-- - - ~, 49,. .,...
meeting OF business men was held this after
pnnn who denounced the vandalism and re-
nncs,ed the managers Of the road not TO employ any
OF nen engaged IN H. .,, ~.
circular was ISSUED by the trades anon this after
nonn Announcing that the strike But tho men
,berve IL aud have teegraphed to St. Louis for posi-
tive advice
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
NEW CINCINNATI POLICE COMMISSIONERS.

CoIUMBUs, Ohio, March 31.-Governor Fora
ker this morning appointed the Cincinnati Police Conn
mssioners ne follows: Two years-Thomas {. Mihor'
Democrat; George r. Topp. Republican. -Four years
Robert j. Morgan Republican; Milo q. Dodds, Demo
crat.
The appointments were made under the new non
partisan police Tho Board VIII organize al
once to prevent any police interference IN the spring
election Oh Monday. The Democrats are not pcasei
With Milo G DOdd who has bo!ted the ticket twice III
succession because OF hs featy To Pendlet0ns cause
The law IL considered tie salvation of Cnclhna OF
a deliverance from the gang rule Of both parties
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
TROUBLES OF VARIOUS UNIONS.

The messenger boys employed in the offices
OF the United Telegraph Company IN lower Broad
way wallst and Leonardst. went on strike yesterday
There are about twenty-five OF them They are PAID ia
cents message one-haf cent extra In case OF
reply They claim that each office has pet boy who
gets "a 80 a week. aud they demand the same. IL vas
refused. The offices picketcd and any boy VINO
applics for work meets with warm reception
During the recent session OF the General Executive
Board of the Knights of Labor arrangements we're Eso
for the OF the elegrapLers into the order
and in another month old District Assembly No. - will
be revived.
Nearly 100 blueston e-cutters met at broadway and
Thirty.drsst last night form an Organization to be
known as Bluestoue Cutters and Flaggers ASSOCIATION
No . IL lis organized in opposition to Union No -,
There was no change Yesterday I'm the stsike at 's
Chelsea iue mills tho foot or West twenty ntth-sI
Machinery ia the different departments OF tue estiD-
shment was running but smaller force or operators
man usual was at work. Manager Lyall said that No
was getting applications for work from many sources
and tnat q number OF tho old hands nan returned
TTness Mr. Iyall makes the concessions denandeh tue
case will he taken before he Cen'ra bOr Union oi
sunday aud boycott ordered on the goods N
by the nrnl ,oo - ....t... -. ,ho ,r-ir.i of
rho meaning steamer OF the Cromwell Line carry yes
ferdav morning xOus to go To work Ihey cOeh hos
ali do So however. and waited around In the nope ~
getting Job.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
BREAKING THE RECoRD FOR coTrOy SALES

NEW-ORLEANS, MdItH u Ncpcc"t'' i"'''
week the house OF Y. 4 A. MeyeI OF this city, SOFA i-oo
bales OF for shipment to IIayrr This bg lot went
on record the champion sale and was rceirtdto 10
with pr de by the house until yeseriay when LehmA
Stein * Co. spOsed 300 ba.es 10 Mr. Adams repre-
seDtug Manchester spinning mills The saio was Tue
topic Of conversation to-day and the facts we've zee
graphed To- American and European exchanges. Inc
cotton graded from strict low mddling TO mldnlG anu
brought market quotations.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
rpo,rRtEsoME AoUEDUcr STRIKERS.

A mob of strikers from the shafts OF the new
.orsduct caused a good deal OF excitement IN west
urlem Yesterday afternoon They started at shaft No.
90 with only dozen men. Going up to the mouth Oh
ht they shouted 70 the workmen In to come out ana
pit work Nearly all of the men would stop WORK. ana
,hose no were not inclined TO were made TO by threa
Re the time Shaft No 80 had been reached the crown
numbered more than Atty. They were then gettng Dol"
,sros and we're threatening to make tfouoe ae
rapd. which they made we're compiled with' poncc-
man Ia stationed at each OF the shatts' out 'hey
,-ora not strong enough to queil the a'soruer
Word was sent to the lbit'y'h'" -"
oirct and when tho strikers we're ic'v'ns
sn.,t No 30 they were met BY a sergeant ana '"ev"
,oI,c.m.n. RE strikers picked up stones aud suen
"a .eame inclined 70 fight. but when the pohc' were
-, to make charge the courage OF tue moo us"P
.or.J and they threw down their sticks ahi stones ~
P1o s,rlEers said all they wanted was 10 Set es
,.nsv th AZ was due them. They had been paiu oniy
S 80 day and they could not get that "itnvu. ,na"
@oo,ian ~ IL deducted The police theE ordered tncs
or they would all be locked up Tue CROW.
to scatter after this aud the excltemen %
Son,e Of the strikers however,. went hrthcI w .a 10
sonsduct In small parties and Prcyaed on ne s ~, ,,n ~
~ sha otarr shafts below the Harlem River 10 lo.h
saeip .1fr. on the squeauct would occur TO-DAY: DAY
sh hats from No. p to 81 are being worsst W JonS
Rrnntou & Co. Last evening superintendent ""''
said 4. ,.. og,a nj, Tuesday night. TheJ
apsd 10 get some oil suits that hal just arrived sna
vi rhem that they would get them 10 the mornn;s gSs
,6ev would be charged the cost OF the su svous 80
Tr.y yrnmbed at this. This morning tney retusyu
xorL unless they received the oii suise ana
cents more day. This No refused ano 'n'y Qo'' "''~
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
A TORNADO STRIKES A GEORGIA VILLAGE.

STONE MOUNTAIN. Ga. March 81 iSpeciaD.-
A tornado passed over this village last night Before
the people could take refuge in their "cyclone
pits tho storm was upon them. The frame
house OF James Howell was lifted ana
hurled through the air. the boards scattered
like char and the chmneys eveed to the ground. Tho
seven members OF the family all injured. two OF
them fatally The tornedo has left path 200 yards wide
through he forest
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
LOSSES At KEY WEST.

FOvH THOUSAND PERSONS THROWN OUT OF EN-
PLOYMENT.
EeY WEST Fla, March 3l.-The loss OF
prope..y by the FIRE estimated at Sl.j00,000 Four
thou,aud pcrsoLs thrown out OF employ Tnero
are provisions enough In the city to last about one week
The villages OF Fort Myers aud Punia sassa have sent
s573 In aid Of tho sufferers The Board OF Trade has
appointed committee take charge OF all subscrip-
tlous for the sufferers.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
LossEs sIy VARIOUS PLACES.

FOWLER Ind. March 31.-The hard ware store Of
SNYDER * Cranda and the restaurant OF Mrs McNurtric
were DESTROYED by fire yesterday. Loss on buildings
and stock. $l3,OOO; insurance. $1,000
DoRcuI SER WIS., March 3l.--A fire originating in
schaefer BROTHERS general yesterday spread rap
idly and destroyed the larger portion of the business
houses in an.st before it got under control Loss.
$4,000. insurance, $1,000
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
TELEGRAPHIC NOTES.
snrEP smEAREHs IN cONvENTI0,

SHEEP SHEAKEi.S ~ tONNENIi'N
MInnIIHrIY. VI. March 3i.-Ihe Gfih anunal iHr L
ing ul The Vermont .ielInO sheep ohcarers Asa"e.."L
began here to-day ana Viii continue three ddj Many
nr0minent sheen breeders from New-York and various
Western III Attendance. The usual iSh t-iH
resolutions were passed..
KILLED BY HIS MlSTRESS
MHMpuiS, Penn, March ST. Al Bennett. lormeriy
travelling salesman for fal's safe ana Lock Company
I,aisylile, but recently charge of AN agency
established bore D.bplls S-tc aud Look Company
was shot and killed Today by woman with whom he
had been llyIhg shs shot herself Immediately 6teS
And IL In \ dying condition..
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
END OF THE STRIKE AT COHoEs.

TROY, March 81 (Specidh.-1he strike at
Cohoes ended tonight. and tomorrow morning 5000
operatives will 20 to work. The millowners have con-
ceded demand made. which amounts to an Increase
of IL per cent The strike has lasted een days and
was begun by the Knights OF Labor. One OF tho cond
tions the work Ia that operatives Will DC
discharged because Of the strike There Is great feJoe
Cnh
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
MR. PowDERLY SICK IN SCRANTON.

SCRANTON, Penn, March 31.-General Mas
ter.workman Powdery arrived 10 this city tbs fose-
noon and was taken TO his home IL carriage lie IL
still suffering from the effects Of his recent fall.
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
COLD WEATHER IN TEXAS.

GALVESTON, Tex, March 31.-A heavy frost
In Northern Texas Monday night did great damage to
vegetation. From Dangerhed. Henrietta and other
points come reports that nearly all the carly fruit trees
IN their vicinity have been blasted Garden vegetation
has ussn SET back fully two weeks over wide expanse
Of southw territory The cold wave oxtehos isI
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
WORK OF THE CENTRAL LABOR UNION.

A special meeting of the Central Labor
Union was held last hight al No. lil East Eshtb-sI
The committee appointed to confer with tue cIoth naI
and cap manufacturers reported that tho manufcurcrs
had agreed to the following prop0sitiohs' All
shops must employ none but union hands no person
under sixteen years shall be employed no tenemeh|
bouse or contract work shall be given out all troubles
shall be settled by arbitration AMI no nat or cap hAK"r
shal have more than one heiperi '"o
agreement to last more than one year reso-
luton WAS passed that If any equalization s'AeH
for a committee to settle troubles between ihem auo
their empoyers they must abide by the decision Of tue
committee or be expelled.
The nroposition which was submitted Oh NO"
dav nv the Arbitration Committee OF the CehuA
Labor Union 10 the Executive Committee oil the Manu-
facturers Association IN which 1t offered TO give 'ne
manufacturers until July Is TO do away Win t"e con-
tract system and Insisting that all the strikers shouu 10
nut hack to work. submitted to iui meeting Oh
the Manufacturers Association on Tuesday night hor
long discussion 1t refused. and secretary hcnm"n
xa. ordered to inform the strikers that the mahutacr
ara would not give up the contractors under any cc""
but promising that such OF the strikers s cnose
to resume work would be taken on az once "i'"'" "
gard to their connection with the stflke'
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
BURNED IN THEIR BEDS.

CARVER, Minn. March 31.-The Merchants
Hotel was burned this morning. Andrew swcnson. age
sixty and an unknown were cremated In their
beds Loss on the hotel not estimated, but fully covered
bv
New-York tribune., 1886-04-01
vo reorrpLE ON THE SEVENTH AVENUE ROAD

M TROUBLE on THE sEVESTH AVENUE Ho~'s
There is lutte likelihood OF a '' tie-up on
tho sev.nth Avenue Railroad The action OF the men "n
Tuesday night n resolving to resist reduction IN
from s2 25 TO 81 day was the result OF m'suh'er
standing OF the talk that Of the men hsa Win ou
perintcndent Newell. To TRIBUNE reporter ye''e'~'
Mr.. Newell said: ,..h.-
rho whole thing is mistake and there Is no prop@
huitv Of any trouble between the company anats on"
ployes. We do not propose to reduce wages u."
heard that the employees of Eighth ana ira twenty
rvs cents day which they hal been receiv'ns a. Az
as our mon aud asked two OF our usa AZ tne
%, sh,nL A. would 10 good thns u onr peo!c nns ~
no thing for u.s. Itold them that the sevensn nI
ana Barclay lines wsre not paying thew said
ha, would have to take OF some oil the cars
na, thev would talk the matter over WIN ~. ,.nasd
mat was the whole thing. dd not say ma.
=, rsanoe wsscs at all nSr have any suen n'sn"""'
San Antonio daily light. [volume] (San Antonio, Tex.) 1886-1907, 1886-08-06
AUSTIN NEWS.
AUSTIN. Texas Aupust

AUSTIN, Texas, August 8, 1886.
Comptroller Swain left this morning
to attend the Galveston drill.
Acting Comptroller Mccall has about
1000 for deposit In the state treasury.
The financial agent OF the state peni-
Tertiary reports q balance on hand to
the credit Of the penitentiary account OF
S7l33 up to July l, 1886. About $4,000
was paid in June for manufacturing ma
terial.
Tom Whalen, the young man who
died yesterday from the effects of sun
stroke was buried this afternoon.
Miss Lizzie Haynie, daughter of Mrs.
Louisiana Haynie and the late Hugh
Haynie, and niece of Eugene and John
Bremond. died yesterday and was buried
this evening from the Episcopal church.
State revenue receipts for July sum up
$l22,OOO.
Chartered to-day: The Llano Baptist
church and Caldwell hook and ladder
company.
A negro woman, cook for DR.. j. B.
johnson, was overcome by heat this af-
ternoon and died at 6 o'clock.
Miss Matilda Schultz. daughter Of Mr..
Julius Schultz. editor OF the VorwaertZ,
was married tonight to Mr.. Thomas j.
Baldwin.