davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

Th" deficiency 1T Altman :. Thomp
son, late cashier Of the d,tunct Prov
ilnt Savings Bank "f 81. Louis. has
teen aSertaIned to l@ fully t;O,WO up
I" yesterday, hut today's investigation
may swell these figures to u much larger
sum. Thompson could not only steal
int forge. He raised 500 certificate,
81 I'll" t,rystal Plate Glass company Ia
Sl0,mW, hylHih"catrd the same with hi-
own bank f"ra large loan. AMI with tn,
rr'"erls and his stolen sums. hastrnrl Ia
'anada, the haven Of bank rn~als gen.
orally.
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

We assure our esteemed friend, Elitnt
Harrison. OF the nalatka NrWS, that uur
article upon the falatka and st. Angus.
tine post offices does not IN the falnt,e,
degree ,mpuEn his motives IN the SUP
port of MIR. lnughrriy. We rccuenl'r
Mr. Harrison as "A manly, dignltirl and
honorable champion ot his candidate.
influenced 10y ne motive unworthy Of ms
admirable career. hut uur friend must
not So\rr-stnsitivc IT, our rNptS,irr vt
Mr. hUuShtriN's Inconsistencies for the
editor oi the Herald has never vet held
back, through fear or favor. from an,
expression that his come ctiurs demand
ed. In he n'atter ot these two appoint
mcnts. MIR. loughrrty'S ,lacksunyillr
organ has convicted MIR. nughrris ot
striking Inconsistency, and We Calml,
pointed II ont Mr.. Harrison comes in
Tor not n line Of criticism or condemns,
on.-JachsonNilt Herald.
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

The railroad fare il reduced, the hall
engaged. the hotel accommodations pro
tl'l'd and the brass band about read,
We g'lrs. this is quite all that IL neers
sary tn make the Orala convention "A sue
cess. Lets see, is tins all: There seems
to he something lacking. q. yes: We
comprehend The temperance con,cn,
ton Is to i" held there the day previous,
ahd that may account for the omission,
To mention the other adluncts. Dough.
erty men never drink, however The
"eatahrs and drinkalrs" ARE for thu,
minority. We shall "hr there. Eh;" at
least represented. and will take our
chances on getting a fair share uf the
good things that the royal fine people Of
ocala know 81 well how to provide.
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

People often. IN moments OF tNcti' -
ment, commit SsIinII> crimes, and of a
nature. to,. that are Shocking in the eN-
trrme. Some time last yrar "a man
named Fred Halter was arrested ON IA
charge of stal,bing Mr.. William Me
l.aughIin AMI her sister sn severely that
they nearly luSt their lives. \ party Of
disguised men broke open the Jail and
shot llallcr through the abdomen. b.
fore IIaller died he insisted that he dI,l
not commit thu. decd Nm. Mcl.augh-
I'm, who deserted his wife, died recently
in Western State confeS,ing in his last
moments that H. Was the author Of the
crime for which Heller was shot. There
is AN important l..,son H. h" learned from
thls terrible crime. AMI that i, tor tt,
Law To- take its course in all cases, and
for tn. ls-opls' Ia learn tn await its just
verdict
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

\ good deal of space Is given m the
NEWS tins morning to the proceedings
OF the otockman's convention, held at
Enterprise on the 10th inst, and val.
liable article from the Sanford journal on
the Same subject. The editor of tn,
journal. l'r. Harris, was one Of III,
speakers uh the occasion. We suppus,
that the article from the journal einhu,l.
les. to some extent, the substance uf ms
Remarks To- the convention. As this il a
subject IN which our own citizens ar,
greatly interested, we checrfuly yield
the slac" necessary for the publication
ct all th" proceedings and comments had
on the occasion.
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

Everything IL ~ "appl' pie order for
the bcala convention. The rallr, ads
have reduced the rates to one half fare
round trip. and the lral committee ut
ocala has arranged for Tine hail IN
which to hold ia" convention. and the
hotels have fixed their rates at 500 and
$40 per day. MI that il wanted now
~ n brass band, and tlu r. is first rate
prospects of securing that The MEMS
readers viii SEQ that all " ready.
Ocala Is delightful place to visit, and
everybody, democrats especially. should
try and he present. 1t will do good Ia
have oar political faith renewed.
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

The storm that visited northern In
diana and Illinois ON the nth was one Of
the most destructive ever tx t~,ienced in
that section. Houses were greatly dam
aged AMI crops were destroyed IN every
hand. II is estimated that the l,s, Ia
crops alone will reach x2JO. NW
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

Peter Jones il the chief uf Ia, new
lire department of jacksonville. His III
ert'on was officially announced yestrr
day. The 1mes.l mon says the fact that
Mr. Jones is "a Republican should have
and will have M influence in drtermin
inv the public's view or his fitness for th,
place. He was selected because he has
executive ability, familiarity with the
situation, knowledge OF men and tho re-.
sources available, which will enable hin,
To organize and run II fire department
where efficiency will meet the Just ex
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

pactation of the citizen, AMI xpayers-
From the foregoing We reckon that Jack
sonv;le has found the right man for
ehiaf IN Peter JONES.
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

The Southern Transportation con,rn.
tMn, which has l~rn in session in Wash
ington for several days, finished it's work
yesterday and adlourned. The next AN
nual meeting will n held at Atlanta,
(,unru,n
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17
THE DAILY NEWS.

Tar bAGLS NEw> i published every morn
M, CNtt "a tntaA AMI ti"ittrrrd To- car ritrs
m f1ss CITY, or uEIiti Vf>fagr trrt, tor - cents
a month. sl.i- tor thr,'.. munth-. 3. ~ tor siI
tHt WtEkIN Nts> = ~-pags hf-DulumB
Piis-r. putrl,htei EVERY FTi hy. containing
All thu n-N OF the St.k lsis at AMI general 10
~ he largest Bud htt. I>.lni,->t wrskly ldI-r
putsi~itsl 90 fi9ri'it. ami viii H. matted ts>f
az ttts Tor - year, ct ~ cents tut -
mtnth>. >t-rtmrn copies tire tu ans address.
lnsat d'lNrftg-' tu.'ut- n rents pr unt' tor
n"~I iH-s ftif amt u rents TT linz. ter h 49,
dHtt'fEti tu~t ,ttptt. SPECIAL Ittttt- tur'H PCT
hu''. U,iuVsi tttT- sSu CtrutiuusTt trtN"ttt-'--
IN a.
Att tiNrtti>tu- tarl> t-,"rnt ,lu'- pGtt rata
every rnuutk. landI a.tNtttl>'-tu,'Iits 'tut at
tt'' Nt.tngtt'tt 81 tie tim t"t whHh ti1Ft mn.
In~'Ti.-i
NJ remittance >hoIt H. m-.t,. hy "hpr"ss,
IN ui..1 .tr.itrt 90 reg l-f.'t' a Litter.
Atltt.H~-
:. 4. HAMMOND.
R,-I>ts - NA>t.Ea,
fatATsk. tLuHtDa.
Hs..f-utttt ~ THE PALaTkA fo~f bsSIcK
A. ~t,tt>f-sIa,> NAH. NarrER.
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17
/. 4 NAN Nl(lNn

ts..t-Ttbttt ~ THF PAt,TsA fo-r usSIcK
A. ~t,t>t,-t MAIL NtrrER
The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1886-07-17

Having recently pur, haS,d the balance 1T
cleveland sans stut h, We are Cun~tuntA
adding h,W goods tn oar ste. X, hnl W., ID
uut PROPOSE tu W. uHi,t~uli ~ any nu,. 81
ruui~ We handle. iia'lurr purchasing, ,ati
and pt.t utir uthcS.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1886-05-26
A Doctors Fright.

DR.. Charles Harvey, Macon, Ca, told
a reporter of the St. Louis Globe-Dem-
ocrat: "When / was a young man !
had an experience that implanted
degree of care IN me that has proba-
bly been worth thousands OF dollars
in after life. l was clerk IN a drugstore
at Grand Rapids, Mich, and my du-
ties kept me there from Z in the even
ing until about in the morning. One
night lust at dark, a woman with
shawl over her head came in, and Civ
ing me a prescription, told me to put it
up quick. l hurried it through and
she paid ME and went out. About half
an hour later a wellknown physician
of the place came rushing in, and
said: "Did you put up a prescrip-
ton for woman bit ago." eyes,
SIR" l said. "Did you do it in a
hurry?" eyes," 1 answered again,
with pang of fear. "Give me some
tartar emetic, quickp he exclaimed;
"the man it is for is dying!" l got
the drug mechanically, and he tore
out, leaving me in an agony OF doubt
and fear perfectly indescribable. A
man poisoned through mistake. a
coroner's inquest, Jail, trial, pen
itentiary, ruined reputation, my
wife and children bessars. all passed
in galloping defle before my whirl-
ing brain. l thought of suicide or
flight; paced up and down the store
and gnawed at my nails. A couple OF
hours elasped and the doctor came in
again. Chow is that man." l gasped.
ooh, he's dead" he replied indiffer
emily. My God! I felt nay heart
stand still He walked back to-
ward the stove while l stood dazed by
the door. Presently he strolled up
and said: "You put up that rrescrip-
ton, I believer" Eyes" the cold
sweat breaking out all over me. "Dld
the woman give you a $40 bill?'
Eyes" .Well, he went on, 'tshe never
came back with the medicine or the
change either" The world suddenly
grew bright again. began to breathe
at my normal rate of respiration. [
thought that doctor was the loveliest
human being I had ever looked upon.
But do you see this hair watch-guard
| wear? When [ looked at it next
day found that in those two awful
hours my hair had turned white as the
driven snow.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1886-05-26
Lobbyists in PetticOats.

Washington Letter New Orleans Picayune
Not many days ago l sat one morn
ing IN my favorlte niche in that little
white marble and red velveted hall at
the capitol that have nicknamed the
Ladies Lobby" 1t is always dark
IN this lobby, even on the sunshiniest
days, and the gas has always to be
lighted. 1t was IL O'Clock, and the
house had just been called to, order.
Groups OF mem and woraen werestandN
ing around everywhere. A couple OF
Mormon women in respectable black
silk gowns, gold brooches and pendent
ear rings lad a member, in one corner
and We're. haranguing him glsbly, Mrs.
Mary Hunt, the great temperance lob
bylst, g. plump, amaab!e lady, also in
an ultra respectable silk gown, with
pretty gray hair waving down either
pink cheeks rounded contour, was
comforting with another member. 4
notorious female lobbyist whom u
heard tell one day has some 900 bills
/ to work through congress was pacing
thoughtfully up and down the aparso
1aent. She had on a deep blue velvet
dress trimmed with bands of yellow
tox tur. She was artistically painted
only s. woman would have known it
was palnt-and her bountiiul hair was
pushed back from handsome and
dellcately moulded face. She looked
like q star actress in her play.robes
waiting Tor the curtain to rise,
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1886-05-26

sophistical arguments which assert
that the deed was right. Then con-
science says, Very we'll, and goes of OF,
to sleep again. Such a conscience mas
no lettering influence. no veto
power in the parliament OF the
criminals brain. 1t only exists for
the purpose of approving what is done
by it's owner. A hardened criminal
never Acknowledges even to himself
that he has done anything which IS
wrong. The world, to him, IS the real
criminal, and he is only a righteous
avenger of the injuries heaped on him
by his fellow-citizens.
81 have seen murderers who suffered
remorse, but they were always men OF
previous responsibility who had been
led into crime through drunkenness or
mistake. For instance, if a man deem
ing his wife unfaithful shoots her and
then finds out that his suspicious are
unfounded, he will suffer terribly, but
such cases are infrequent.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1886-05-26
Senator Morton and Grant.

I met ex-United States Treasure,
John C. New as l was. strolling alcns
the avenue, writes a Washington cor.
respondent OF The New York Herald
He has been stopping at the Riggs.
heard curious story told by one
of Gen. Grants closest friends who
had it direct from the ex-president
Senator Morton called to see the pres.
ident one day, and being a cripple:
Gen. Grant came downstairs to see
him. Finding that his visitor wa
leading up to the subject ofpatronage.
Gen. Grant suggested that they &C
round to the stable and see new colt
that had just been bought. Morton
did not seem averse. and when his SER
want had lifted him into his coupe, he
asked the president to take the place
by his side. They reached the, stable
in due time. The new colt was trot.
ted out. His good points were all in.
dictated by the president, who. was 8
fair Judge of horsehesh.
"'What do you think l gave 70,
him?" he asked the senator.
"About $780," replied Morton, who
knew nothing about horses and cared
less.
Wrong" said thepresident," paid
$780,"
"I'd rather have the money" ex
claimed Morton.
'sStrange; but that's exactly what
the man said of whom I bought the
horse
elbow SOP
81 offered him my note for three
months" answered Gen. Grant, evi
IDENTIFY much pleased that he hac
worked Off favorite story in new
shape on the senator from Indiana
But he suddenly stopped smiling a!
the latter retorted: "If you offered
that to a horse-jockey want you t.
offer thevacant treasurership to Joh1
G. New of my state.
The directness OF she request stag
gered the president and he replied:
ri have already about promised tn
place to Senator Conkling for a frient
of ours in New York" tn
name, though ! do not recall il at thi
moment-ssI can't disappoint him, yo1
| know"
sAnd you can't put off an old iok
on him as you have on me" was tn
bland rejoinder.
At this the president laughed heart
| lily and John c. New received the al
pointment a few dayslater.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1886-05-26
Politics in New Mexico.

The First Assistant Postmaster
General has received the following in
teresting letter from a. citizen of New
Mexico, who signs himself "Justice of
the Peace" The word "confdential"
is written at the head Of the letter,
and out of considerations of human
ity his name and residence will be kept
q profound secret:
RESPECTED Skiold Dick Hanson is
circulatin' paper around town ask 4
ing to be made postmaster at this
place and have signed it, but don't
want it to Count, and when it Comes
in pleas scrach my name off, as he is
no more fit for postmaster than l am:
for minister Of the holy gospel. Dick
is an awful ruff cuss-drinkS, sWears,
fghts-and would belt hell out of me
if he knew OF this letter. Pleas burn
this, and don't give me way, and has
no education, nor any manners, would
whip any republican in town if he had
that office, and | bleave would steal
U: S. poor in four years. Heis reich
OF the first water, and everyone in this,
town. is fraid OF him, and would put
on more airs than a French stud horse
and drive every republicn out of this
town. [ write strong because wehave.
a very refined community, and you
don't want to give him that office I'M
less you want to dysorganiz this COM,
munity, for he is holy terrur, ano9
you may depend on it. We look toy
the Hon. postmaster general to save.
us from a shedazerous doom.
Yours respect'y,
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1886-05-26
ALYR1C FROM THE GERMAN.

Ny heart thought revealing,
Say, how can Love be known?
Love is two souls-one feeling;
Two hearts pulse alone
Then tell me how Love grew, heart?
s'She comes-and is in man."
How can Love leave the true heart?
''She is not Love-that CAM
And when is Love the purest?
"Where Self no place can fill"
Where her foundations surest?
''When they are very still. -
When are Loves riches greatest?
!aWhen her gifts freest prove"
What language is Loves latest?
She hath none. She is Love-"
Herman Merivale.
New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1886-05-26

Justice of the Peace.
p: S. Others will sine this, but are.
froi5i
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
SOME PEOPLE,.

Hayes Centre, it appears, is becom-
ing a far-famed place. 1t has not only
attained an altitude of Importance, but
some of its people have assumed def
ance. Two of McCook's citizens have
recently been threatened with mob law,
if they should return to that place.
The offence, it is alleged, has been the
contesting of some of "Uncle Sans
domain" Is it not about time for an
other of Hayes Centres "most promi-
nent' to visit McCook? Of the party
that left here, recently, it is reported,
that a couple of the land agents and
attorneys composing the party were so
top heavy" in their homeward trip, as,
to fall from a loaded wagon, n Of them
into a canyon, and another under the
horses feet, the latter being severely
kicked. Rumor has it that one of the
aforesaid land agents and attorneys has
been doing some peculiar business in
the way of locating. Also that two men
with ''blood in their eyes," wanted to
interview this land man, who hied him
self away to the protection of a shelter
ing barn. 1t seems to me that there are
some brave and irrepressible men about
Hayes Centre, but it is not definitely
known where they bury their dead.
SPOTTER.
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
ITEMS.

Sam Asiunore iias been a. home for several
days.
E.. J. Arlington of Beaver precinct was in our
city, Friday last.
B. F. sibbett of Curtis has been in our burg.
for several days.
w. H. tanning of Hastings was in Indianola,
Monday, on business.
A. A. Prehm of Danbury was seen in our
model village. Tuesday.
r. B.. wahlquist of the McCook Democrat was
in our village, Saturday.
w. II. Mccartney and family are expected
home on 80, Wednesday.
Jake Shearer, the Pioneer Vulcan of Curtis,
is in our city on a short stay.
&C. Tyler left, Wednesday, for Curtis, where
he will locate for the present.
b. B. Duckworth of Danbury was in Indian
ola, Tuesday and Wednesday on business.
f. C.Ballew returned, Monday evening, from
his regular weekly trip to his Colorado ranch.
N.Y. - w Z Sotht
dent of Public Instruction, spent Tuesday in
Indianola.
Alex. Walmrose was in our place, the first
of this week. He intends plating a part OF
his farm as an addition to Indianola.
Geo. Hunter has returned from a trip in Ne
braska and Kansas, and signified his intention
of staying with us. We need many such.
Messrs. Oman & Hutchinson are to be COM
%plimented on having the finest little office in
the Republican Valley. We need more Just
like them.
+. NJ. Smith. one Of our nice young men,
spent Sunday, down at Arapahoe, where he
was engaged" in business of the greatest i'm
port ance-to him..
Sheriff Wclborn started, Sunday, on rather
an e~nviable official trip in which he takes in
Chicago, st. Louis, Kansas City, Burlington,
st. Joe, Omaha, Lincoln, etc.
Our Congregational pastor, Rev. Taylor, has
bought the lots ON Main ST., adjoining the
church, and may be seen in his shirt sleeves,
setting out trees and otherwise improving his
new possessions.
The Easter exercises at the NJ. E. church,
Sunday, drew out Il fair crowd in spite of the
miserable weather. The exercises were splen-
did, and the music by the choir was worthy of
special mention.
The village Of Indianola is on the boom in
earnest. New houses are springing up like
mushrooms, and every one is setting out trees
and making every show OF improvements,
which we like to see.
Rev. Allen BARLEY Of York is in our place.
their NJ. E. University town some seven or
eight miles east of here on land donated TO
them by Mr.. BARLEY.
The Dunbar Comedy Co. OF their return trip
played to small, ~pOor-paying houses. 'My
Partner was the only good play of the season.
They promise to return soon and give us
COMEDY under Canvas
The painters are having Il harvest in our
city just low. d.. K. Whites drug store has
been thoroughly ''daubed' inside and Powell
Bros front is also changing color; and men
of every business are touching up. They de-
serve it.
The reception of the Republican Valley
Ministerial Association at the NJ. E. church,
Tuesday evening, was Il grand success. The
room was crowded and with excellent music
and deli cacies for the inner man" the even
ing was very happily spent.
April2 Is, 1856. NONDEsCRIPT. .
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
FARM LOANS.

Made by the McCook Loan and
Trust Co.. on decided land, or on final re-
ceipts, when proof is unquestionable,
without sending east for funds. No in
terest is payable in advance, but ten
per cent. straight. Money paid as soon
as abstract can be obtained. Office in
First National Bank.
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
FOR SALE OR TRADE.

200 head of cattle and horses, for
cash, or land in Nebraska or Kansas.
Some choice quarters of land on line
of proposed railroad from Oberlin to
Bird City, Kas.
a splendid stock ranch of 1880 acres,
at a bargain, on the Beaver Creek.
A business house in McCook, Neb.,
in a choice location. j. P. MATHEs,
is Atwood, Kas. or McCook, Neb.
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
LAND OFFICE AT MCCOOK, NEB., !
--:I .DsaL 1909 i

= y II TTVU. - ="
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has flied notice of his intention
to make fina1 proof III support of his claim,
and that said proof will be made before Regis
terror Receiver at McCook, Neb- on Saturday,
June 9Th. 1856, viz: James C.. Drury, Homestead
Entry 1858, for the northwest quarterO of section
), township ) north, range %, west 9th =. NJ.
He names the following witnesses 10 prove his
continuous residence upon, and cultivation OF,
said land, viz: John w. Bennett, Coibcin p.
Viland, Enoch f. Osvog and Nels. c. Dueland,
all of McCook, Nebraska.
4S. G.. l.. LAWS, Register.
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
LAND OFFICE AT MCCOOK, NEB.,
-..I 81 1000

ITIT III I-UU.
Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make tinal proof in support of his claim,
and that said proof will be made before Reg
lister or Receiver ut McCoOk, Neb., on Thursday,
May 10th, 1886, viz: James NJ. Mchelvey,
homestead entry 1908 for the E. y S. E. Il Sec
ton IL and E. 4 n. E. Il section II, township
l north, range ~ west d p. NJ. He names the
following witnesses to prove his continuous
residence upon. and cultivation of, said land,
viz: Henry Gale, William y. Gold, Ferman
y. Gold and Frank Albright all of McCOOk,
Neb. 10 G.. l.. LAWS, Register.
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
G. L. LAWS, Register.
LAND OFFICE AT MCCOOK, NEB., ;
Ali I0tL INNI.

Notice is hereby given that the following
named settler has filed notice of his intention
to make final proof in support of his claim,
and that said proof will be made before Regis
ter or Receiver at McCook, Neb., on Saturday,
May ed. 1856, viz: Thomas II. Fowler, Home
stead Entry 2l51, for the northeast quarter of
section q, township l north, range IS west 9th
T.. NJ. He names the following witnesses to
prove his continuous residence upon, and cul-
~tiYatiOn of, said land, viz: William +. Thorp,
Eugene Durham, William B.. Kennedy and
Thomas II. Gait, all of Danbury, Neb.
IS 6. l.. LAWS, Register.
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
r. A. Cole, Merchant Tailor.

To THE PEOPLE: | have received,
complete in every line. my new spring
stock, and assure to all who call upon
me, fine goods, elegant fits, at very rea-
sonable prices. Drop in and be convinc-
ed. r. A. Cole, three doors west of
Citizens Bank, Dennison street.
The McCook tribune. (McCook, Neb.) 1886-1936, 1886-04-29
FOR SALE.

B. +. Olcott has two second hand top
buggies and two second hand lumber
wagons for sale, or will trade for horses.
Also remember that Olcott has the fin
est road stallion in the west, and farm
ers and stockmen should see him before
breeding.