davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12
CRTET COUNCIL.

Board met at z 30 last evening.
 Present-Mayor Thomas, and conn cilmen Knight, Cohen and Rafiehty
 A communication was read from the Huachuca Water Go. regarding the action of Mir. R. ". Wool in upIlying water to the inhabitants of Tombstone by means of the City Water Works.
 On motion of Mr. Knight, it was ordered that the Council notify the Huachuca Wa5er O., through tie city attorney, that the city Lad leased the City Water Works to Mtssrs. Berrott & Wool and inc city had nothing further to do with the mat ter.
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12
CDRJNTH GEUD2ZDs.

The following instruments were fil4l in the ufii:o of the County Re cnTder to-lly:
 DEEDs-R7AL ESTATE. N. c. CostGnich to RoherS g. Miller, lot in Bisbee and Improvements; {; S3Q9
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12

Fruit trees, small fruits, and grap9 zines for Late planting; monthly rose bushes, Oleanders, and plants and bulrs iu variety. and the combination steam washing machine, best in use, sold 5y J. H. Futile, Second street, between Allen and Fremont, Tornb- stone. 3.22t
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12
lasasici Nlnsic!G

Organs and Pianos, row, right from the factory, will be sold on the intsal- ment plan. at $10 per month. These bedu,iiul instruments must be sold.
 Call ant set them. Opposite the Elite Theatr-. 5-5t
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12
651w W.

Cntract for 175 feet work on Ground ilu- mine. For spec f atons etc, enquire If H. FISuER. 9:
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12

The chcap-st aud best store to trade in .oan, is al Herrera t Mcclure 52Sf
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12
Eas-..,e- EsIsasGss E%.s-:2 ozasezv-c-
 5iDn%.

Cr.fa,t Ju e II Tle pao le have been wtou 5ht t. state ~: sra! 9X-
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12

A petition from citizens regar ling the location of wash houses, Was re ceived and, on mo.irn, referred to the city attornoy with instructions to rc- port at the next regular meeting.
 The Council then adjourned.
The Daily Tombstone., 1886-06-12

1t to go-NOr ON THE wARPATFI-hut on their murderous expeditions, de. stroying property, and taking the lives Of unprotected women and chil dren
 How long is this thing to last, is what the people of Arizona are ask ing? And the time lias come when they intend to know. INDEX.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
SMOKE TRfxY CIGARS.
MOTHERS! M0TIlERS! !

Are you disturbed at night and broken of
your rest by a sick child suffering and crying
with the excruciating pain Of cutting teeth 7
II so. go at once and get "A bottle OF Mrs.
WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP. IL Will
relieve the poor little sufferer immediately
depend upon II; there is no mistake about
IL. There Is not mother on earth who has
ever used IL who will not tell you at once
that II will regulate the bowels and give
rest to the mother and relief and health to
the child. operating Ike magic. IL is per-
fectly safe To use IN all cases and pleasantlo
the taste. and is the prescription ot one ot
the oldest and best female physicians ana
nurses In tine United states. Sold every
where. Twenty-Five cents bottle.
fe s-eodlw
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
, DIR. ARMSTRONG'S TRIAL.


what Rev. Charles %. Strong rhinhs Of 1t
Hope that the sentence VII BE Reduced.
Especial telegram to the Dispatch.
ATLANTA. Ga, February S.-rhe
Savannah Times publishes lengthy
interview this afternoon with Rev.
Charles ii. Strong in reference to the
trial Of DR.. Armstrong, of Atlanta.
The following extract shows his posi-
ton:
d" As a simple matter of logical rea-
soning, if there was not more evidence
than what was brought before us--and
there was a suspicion that there
was some that had not been brought
out must say that, upon the
evidence before the court, | could
reach but one conclusion--that he had
been guilty of very great imprudence
and indlscretion, and deserved at least
an admonition from the Bishop in re-
gard to his future conduct. Nay, |
will go further AS the purity Of the
Church is treasure that can't be
guarded too zealously, there was
enough suspicion Of evidence having
been spirited away which did not put
in an appearance when expected to
have justified the court in suspending
the Doctor temporarily, until this fact
could be more thoroughly investigated.
But you are asking me about the
evidence before the court. Upon that
could not have convicted him or any
other man. Probably the whole story
will be published in book form, and |
think that most reasoning men on read
ing it will reach the same conclusion"
DO you not think, then, that the
sentence Of the court was too marsh 2"
From my standpoint of course |
do, and sincerely hope that the
Bishop, who has not the power to in
crease but has the power to diminish
the sentence, will see best to reduce
the term Of the Doctors suspension.
His own kindly feeling toward DR..
Armstrong, as evidenced throughout
the proceedings, furnish some ground
for this hope"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
BRETHREN OF THE BAR.
Annual Meeting or the LEGAL Fraternity OF
the CITY.

Annual Meeting or the LEGAL Fraternity OF
the CiU.
The annual meeting Of the Richmond
Bar Association was held at the Cir
cuit-Court room yesterday afternoon. IL
was called to order by the president,
Judge Fitzhugh, and large number Of
the brethren were present.
The Association directed their Exc
cutive Committee to secure a suit oil
rooms over the Merchants National
Bank for the use Of the body. The
constitution was changed, so that in the
future the annual dues shall be five dol
lars.
After considering other business of
interest the following officers were elect
ed for the ensuing year: Major Isaac
n. Darlington, president; Messrs. W..
W. Henry, John A. Coke, and c. 5.
Stringfeiiow, vice-presidents; William
Ellyson, secretary; James Peasants,
treasurer Messrs. Thomas y. Carter,
Tazewell Elicit, and Beverley L. Crump,
Committee on Admission. Mr.. j. p.
Coke was elected to fill the vacancy on
the Executive Committee.
The question of the adoption of tariff
of minimum fees was referred to spe-
cial committee to report at its next
meeting.
After the meeting the members of the
Association repaired to Sanger Halle,
where a sumptuous banquet was served
them.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
IuJgmeuts for s.eneraI Field.

In the case of the Commonwealth rs.
ex-Attorney-General James &. Field,
which has been pending in the City Cir
cult Court, Judge Wexford has caused
an order to be entered rendering judg-
ment in favor of the def ndant. This
was q case in which Genera Field was
alleged to have drawn, under a mista-
ken view Of the law, money from the
Treasury as fees in excess Of his salary
as AttorneyGeneral.
An order was entered awarding q
similar judgment in the case Of General
Field against Auditor Marye for money
which be claimed still to be due him by
the State as part Of his salary.
Both orders have been left open so
that an appeal may be taken by either
party if desired.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
MUSICAL.
The Opera Robin Hood" AT Mozart Han
Last Night.

The Opera Robin Hood" AT Mozart Han
Last Nght.
4 crowded house witnessed the per-
foImance of Mr.. T.. Louis lde's opera
Of "Robin Hood" before the Mozart
Association last night. The story OF
the opera is the familiar legend of the
exploits of Robin Hood and his fol-
lowers, and the libretto is understood
to be the work Of a gentleman of this
city.
The argument, as presented on the
programmes, opens with the proclama-
ton of outlawry and the parting Of
Robin Hood from Marion as he fees
from his prosecutors. The subsequent
scenes deal with the adventures of the
merry band in the romantic exploits
that have charmed many generations OF
readers. As presented last night 1t
was rather succession Of scenes
than clearly-worked-out plot,
developing in a dramatic climax.
1t is understood that the eXlgencies OF
the occasion and limited time for pre-
paration caused the omission Of some
scenes necessary, perhaps, to the clear
development Of the thread Of the story.
The familiarity Of the story, however,
doubtless supplied to most OF the audi
ence the connection between the sue
cessiye scenes. At the late hour Of
closing the performance it is impos-
sible to enter into any detailed
notice or criticism Of Mr.. lde's music.
1t must now suffice to say that it shows
the work of clever and scholarly mu-
sician; and it deserves to be heard and
appreciated when singers and orchestra
shall have become more familiar with
the music and action, and thus better
enabled to render in their spirit and
meaning the composers ideas. The
lack Of due familiarity with the work IN
hand last night impaired the rendering
Of some Of the best numbers and
scenes, that would command the
applause of any intelligent au-
dience when properly rendered.
Especially noticeable for graceful melo
DIV and rich Orchestration are the song
and chorus in the first part Of the Sec
ond act, and the beautiful solo of Allin'
a-Dale, the rendition Of which won an
encore for Mr.. Frank Cunningham.
The leading part Of Robin Hood was
skilfully sung and acted by Mr.. George
/ K. Wade, who proved himself an ac'
cOmplished artist. The leading female
parts were sustained by Misses Wal
I dron and Staude, and the follow
ing was the cast Of the parts
Hood. Earl of Locksley, George R.
Wade Earine, Miss Julia Waldron ;
Marian and the Queen, Miss Carrie
Staude; Little John and Moor, Mr..
Marshall Ramos; Alin-a-Dale and
Knight, Mr.. Frank W. Cunningham ;
Sheriff, Mr.. Douglass Leftwich; Scath-
lock, Mr.. William S. IIenning Friar,
Mr.. Gay L. Barker Bishop, Mr.. James
Calder; Justice and Clifton, Mr..
! Charles Eubank Captain, Mr.. Virgin
ius Hall; King and Old Lord, Mr.. Isaac
n. Jones three Keepers Of the Kings
Forest, Mr.. Henry Greener, Mr.. II. l..
Rees, Mr.. Gus F. 10th; Page, Master
Frank Cunningham, .jr.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
Richmond Theatre,

Last night Tony Denier gave an ex-
cellent performance Of his Humpty-
Dumpty. The specialties were all
clever. Rayel as clown was, as usual,
full of fun and tricks. Sophie Ravel
as Columbine was pretty and graceful.
The Troupe Goodrich made some merry
music on a lot Of kitchen utensils, and
the Baby's Anthem was quite won
der. The LeOnhardt brothers showed
themselves to be very clever acrobats,
while Signor Reyillo, in parlor legerde-
main, and Eldora, the juggier, and
" lillian Ashton, on the horizontal bar,
received much applause.
by special request there will be a
matinee tomorrow afternoon at 3
o'clock to suit the schools, and doubt
less Humpty-Dumpty will be played to
a crowded house both then and at
night.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
Bloomberg, trustee. Liabilities about
s7O0; assets about s200.
Personal q nd Briefs.

Mr.. McGilvray has not been seriously
i'll from his attack, and Is in an inn
proving condition.
The ice on the river is going away
quite rapidly, and the river is q little
above the usual tide.
Miss Mary j. Watkins, OF Prince
Edward county, is visiting Miss Belle
Jacob, III west Main street.
Rev. William ii. Christian and Rev.
Mr.. Campbell, Of Manchester, we're on
the floor of the Senate yesterday.
The Police Board last night imposed
a fine Of s7j on Policeman Ogilvie for
violating one of the rules OF the force.
The sun shone brightly yesterday,
and under its influence the snow melted
rapidly. The prospect is that 1t will all
be gone in a few days.
Colonel Peyton S. Coles, Grand Lee
turer Of Masons, was in the city yester-
day. lie is on his annual rounds visit
ing the lodges of the State.
Attorney. General sherman, Of Massa-
chusetts "a kinsman ofiIon. John Sher-
mani was on the floor Of the House yes
terday with several friends from that
State.
Mr. F. 7. Glasgow, who has been in
Cuba for several weeks past in the in-
terest Of the Tredegsr Company, is en-
route home, and is expected to arrive
tomorrow.
Messrs. r. A. Hopkins and j. Wren
Williams have been elected third and
fourth corporal, respectively, of Com
panv sc" Guard of the Common
wealth., First regiment Virginia vOlun-
teeTs.
A large meeting of the leather-work-
ers was held last night at Knights Of
Labor Hall for the purpose of organ
izing an assembly Of the knights Of
Labor. The meeting was addressed by
District Master-W Workman Mullen, by
whom the benefits Of the order were
fully explained.
Robert Coleman, who was before the
Police Court yesterday, charged with
being fugitive from justice from New
York, will be examined this morning
on the charge of stealing a pocket
book and some papers from DR.. 7. j.
Royal, who resides at No. COB north
Fourth street. The pocket-bOOk and
papers were found on the person OF
Coleman and identified by DR.. Royal
as his property.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
HANGED TO A TREE.
A LYNCHING IN PATRICK.
The s,or, OF the Pate OF Jshn q. wiises has
Csmss tTsm Martissviyls.

The s,or, or the Pate OF Jshn G.. wiises shas
Genes tTem Marsissviyb.
Especial telegram 70 tho Dispetcn.l
MARTIssvILLE, February s.-Ths
report is current to-day Of the lynch
ing Of John G. Wilson in the county OF
Patrick on last Friday night. About
two weeks ago Wilson stole two mules
from farmer in Patrick, made his way
into this county, swapped one mule TO
James Griggs for horse and returned
the following night and carried awaythe
mule. He was pursued into North
Carolina and was arrested in Stokes
county. When confronted by GrIggs
he confessed the stealing, and made no
resistance. He was brought to the
State line and delivered to an officer.
who, in company with deputy, started
for this place. They had not gotten
far when they were oyertsken by
a large number Of armed men, who
demanded the prisoner as If they would
take him by force. They took charge
of Wilson and went back 10 the drrec-
tion whence they came. Shortly alter
leaving the officers they drew up under
a tree, placed q rope over q limb
and a moose around Wilson's neck.
lie was found dead the next day, hang.
ing to a limb, the wind blowing the
body 10 and fro. A memorandum was
found in his pocket, apparently written
while the mob had him, to the effect
"If should fail to make my escape
write to Reamy, Germantown, y. O.,
who will take charge of my body aud
protect my children" The people OF
Patrick regret this unfortunate affair.
They are a lsw-abiding people, aud
there must be some very aggravating
circumstances to have thus made them
forget themselves.
COUNTY COURT.
The quarterly term Of the County
Court began to-day-Judge III. G. Null
Inns presiding. Ills charge to the grand
j.ry was exhaustive and thorough, en-
phasizing his determination to put down
the illegal traffic in whiskey and law
lessness of all kinds. There is a full
docket and the time will be extended.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
Killed NJ the Dcpof.

Coroner Taylor on Sunday morning
viewed the body of the colored youth
killed at the Chesapeake and Ohio rail-
road depot Saturday night. The name
Of deceased was William Taylor, he
was about fifteen years Of age, and re-
sided on r street, Church Hill.
The Coroner did not hold an inquest,
but he heard the statements of num-
Der Of persons, among them Taylor's
brother, and it seemed quite certain that
Taylor was drinky, if not drunk, when
be met his death. lie was killed by
some detached cars which were being
run down one of the tracks. The
wheels did not pass over him, and there
were no external marks of consequence,
from which it is considered probable
that he fell between the two rails and
was crushed to the earth by the frame
work Of the trucks.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
POiIcc Court.

The following cases were disposed Of
yesterday:
o. E. Bennett and Allen Bennett,
yagrants. Discharged.
Julia Green (colored), keeping dis
orderly house. Discharged.
Silas Anderson (colored) was fined
SIS for being disorderly in the street.
Mary Anderson (colored), disorderly
in the street. Fined IS.
Arthur Burke, disorderly in the
house of Julia Green. Fined s5.
Mary Bass, drunk on the Sabbath
day. Fined 81 and costs.
j. Ellerson and Charles Degory.
fighting in the street on Sunday. Fined
S. each and costs.
Robert Coleman tcolored) was charged
with being a fugitive from justice from
New York. The case was continued
till Thursday.
Henry Going, charged with assaulting
and beating Lee Smith and Lizzie Glea-
son two cases.. Fined sl0 in each case
and jailed for sixty days.
p. Ligan and Michael Whalen, drunk.
Fined 80 and costs each.
William Jackson (colorei), stealing
a turkey from Frank Glasgow. Sent
TO Jail for three months.
Thomas Dobbins, drunk. Dis
charged.
Walter Mayo, drunk. Fined s2 and
costs.
Martha Harris, cursing and abusing
Sally Large. Discharged on payment
Of costs.
Edward Goette, drunk. Fined $3.50
and costs.
Hamblin Harrison and Frank Bull,
drunk. Fined s2 and costs each.
G. Norrell (colored), assaulting and
abusing Martha Miles. Dismissed.
Pat McDonough and William Ma
hone, trespassing upon the premises OF
and assaulting and beating William
Hanes. Required to give security for
twelve months in the sum Of 1900.
The Lee Smith published in Satur-
days report Of Police Court is not
Leigh s. Smith, travelling salesman for
Messrs. Brown, Davis & Co.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09


otherwise, by contact with older Offend
ers, would become hardened criminals
in the Jail. lie believed this school,
could be established for half the amount
it would cost to improve the jail, and
thought the plan a far more laudaole
one. He wanted the matter referred
to some committee to be acted upon.
The resolution was referred to the
Committee on Grounds and Buildings.
DETECTIVES AND sTENoGRAPHERs.
Mr.. Dickerson offered resolution
instructing the Committee on Ordinances
to prepare an ordinance to prevent the
employment hereafter Of detectives or
stenographers by the city except by
authority of the Mayor or City Coun-
Gil.
Referred.
FROM THE COMMON COUNCIL.
Among the resolutions sent by the
Common Council to the Board were
the following, which we're concurred in
Returning thanks to the Old Domin-
ion Steamship Company for services
rendered in connection with the recent
ice blockade.
Instructing the Auditor to pay GER
tain expenses of the public schools.
Providing for the payment of certain
fees to the High Constable and Coroner.
sNIALL-ToX HOSPITAL.
Mr.. Chaffn offered resolution that
a committee of seven be appointed.
three from the Board Of Aldermen and
four from the Common Council, whose
duty it shall be to sell the smallpox
hospital (Clark's Spring. property.
Mr.. BarkSdale moved to lay the res
olution on the table until the LegiSla-
ture has taken final action with refer
ence to the location Of the new small
pox hospital. Agreed TO.
Adiournpd.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
cor. LEES RECEPTIONS.
Gtreral aud Mr.. bee 10 Receive Thurs .
Ninb, aud M1skiy Thereafter.

Gtreral aud Mrs. bee 30 Receive Thurs 'ay
Nighi aud weekJ Thereafter.
The necessary repairs on the Execu-
tive Mansion having been completed.
the Governor and Mrs. Lee will receive
the members of the Legislature, with
families and visiting friends, and the
citizens Of Richmond generally, from
half-past eight to halfpast eleven on
Thursday evening next.
These public receptions will proba-
bly be held once a week, and it is un-
dtrstood that any one can call IN such
dress as he or she may prefer, as every
thing will be conducted in a make
yourselfat-home. informal style.
These receptions will be heartily
welcomed by our people, ADD will give
an additional interest and charm to
life here at the capital of Virginia.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
Iturglarx Ratified.

Messrs. Bell & Bowles, corner Main
and Belvidere streets. are the sole
agents for the Eureka Sash Lock
Hold and Ventilator. Ii is q most in
genious invention, and is a sure pre-
ventive against burglary. In it strength
and simplicity of construction are COM
bined. An inspection will convince
the most skeptical that it is just the
thing needed in these burglarious
times.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
supreme Court OF appeals.

Stoner against Harris. Submitted or
printed notes.
Smith against Henkel and ais. Sub
mitted on printed notes.
Thompson against Clarke. Argued
by W. W. Henry for appellant, and
Colonel W. W. Gordon and Major |.
II. Darlington, for appellees, and sub
mitted.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09

The sermon was greatly enjoyed by the
large audience, and was delivered WIN
Ere and vigor.
At Leigh-Street Baptist church on
Sunday morning communion was ad'
ministered and the right hand OF fellow
ship was given to eight persons.
Rev. S. b. Myler (colored), who ex-
poets to sail for Africa on August lst,
was present at the Baptist Ministers
Conference. and made statement with
reference to his work.
Rev. W. f. Hatcher, d. d., who has
been sick for some time, is still con-
fined to his room, but is conyalescing.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
Commitment 20 Mayor Taylor.

A mass-meeing Of the citizens Of
Manchester and Swansboro' will be
held at the Manchester courthouse at
$50 O'Clock tonight, the occasion be-
ing the presentation by the citizens Of a
very handsome gold-headed cane to
Mayor John z. Taylor for the interest
that he has taken in building up the
city. The presentation speech will be
made by Judse-elect John II. Ingram.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09

Mr. Cardwell opposed all this extraor-
binary legislation, and he proceeded to
expose the fallacy Of some Of the In
stances Of the discrimination in rates
brought forward here, and showed that
the Board no more than the roads could
bs able to satisfy the people in q tariff
Of rates because there are so many d.
verse interests, so many local influences
to be consulted.
He had the floor when, at . P. NJ,
the House took recess to 2. NJ.
At the afternoon session this bill was
not taken up. Itgoes over to II o'clock
to-day.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09

FOr flfIeen years they nave steadily
gained ia favor, and, with sales constantly
INCREASING. have become the most popular
corset throughout the United states.
The q quality is warranted 10 Wedr ti0fce
as l0ng as ordinary C0rSefS. We have lately
introduced the e. and R II grades with E1'
ma lima Waist. and we can furnish them
when preferred.
Highest awards from all the worlds great
fairs The last medal received is for First
DScFec Of Merit, from the late Exposition
neld at New Orleans.
While scores OF patents have been .ound
worthless. the principles OF the GlOve-Fit-
ting have proved invaluable.
Retailers are authorized 10 refund money
n. on examination, these Corsets do mol
prove as represented.
For sale everywhere. Catalogue free on
application.
oc 18TH .Su&1u6m New Hork'
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
Hastings Court.

The following special grand jury has
been summoned for to-day to consider
the Gallego.Mills matter Messrs.
George W. DOnly, c. T. Loehr, f. A.
Saunders, John Ahern, Alexander
Ilierholzer, B. r. Lipscomb, j. A.
Lewis, NJ. Hessberg, and William H..
Pierce.
The only case tried yesterday wa
that of Lucy Brockenbrough, which
occupied the attention Of the court all
day. She was found guilty Of shooting
Josephine Nelson, fined $40, and sem
10 iail for twelve months.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09

scorT's EMULSION or PURE CoD-LIvER
OIL, WITH lilroPHosPHIrEs, IN Cos-
SUMPTION AND WASTING DISEASES. DIR. Z.
W. Barringer. Pittsburgh, Pa, says; "l
think your Emulsion OF Cod-Liver on Is
very fine preparation. and nlls a long'felt
want. II Is very useful In consumption
and wasting diseases"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1886-02-09
ToTake place Tnis Afternoon.

The funeral Of Mr. F. Saunders, who
died suddenly Saturday, will take place
from ST. Marks church at $50 O'Clock
this afternoon. The procession will
leave the late residence Of deceased,
2l5 Governor street, at o'clock. His
funeral will be attended by Lee Camp
ex.COnfederate Veterans.