davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

nuts have to be planted with the suture, or
seam, perpendicular to the horizon-that is,
in a vertical position-so as to obtain
straight trees: but never with the small end
down.
A wrong idea, pretty general among cur
people, is that the walnut cannot bear
transplanting well. 1t is not SO. l have
myself planted walnut trees 5 to years
old, big as the wrist and branched at seven
feet-trees, besides, imported from France.
They all have done WELL and went to bear
ing three to four years afterward, so that
have never had to wait decade for walnut
and chestnut trees to bear. If walnut trees
are well provided with lateral roots and
fibers it is just as easy to transplant and
make them grow as any other class of trees.
We must bear in mind that walnuts, and
chestnuts, too, do not bear much OF crop
before being ten years old; SO in planting
large trees-that is from to years of age
we do not have to wait long for the tree
to go into bearing-oply three to four years.
Our people must not be humbugge6 BY
tree-dealers travelling round with loads of
little yearlings in wagon, and telling
them such yarns as that the walnut, 10 sue
coed well, must be planted when 50 young
II is all nonsense. | have planted myself, or
had planted by others, for the last sixteen
y
may be taken for granted that large trees
will bear transplanting as well in California
as in Europe, were no walnuts are planted
unless they are five to six years old and
branched at seven feet from the ground
The main thing is to have the trees planted
right. To that effect, large and deep holes
have to be dug-say four feet square
and from two to three feet in depth the
top dirt being put aside by itself to be used
round the roots when planting the trees
The walnut likes, above all calcareoas,
light or sandy soil; and the deeper the
soil the better; so bones thrown into the
holes are of good help. In TRANSFORMING
a walnut tree, the long, heavy tap root
might be pruned back little, but not too
short, especially in mountain land, where
all kinds of trees and plants send down
into the ground a long tap root, which sup
plies the tree or plant with the moisture
necessary to their existence
The walnut may be grated in the nurs-
cry, or after having been transplanted. To
undergo that operation, the trees have to
be at least several years old, as common
shield budding fails entirely with the wal
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

600 pounds of walnuts, almonds and fl
berts were exported from France; the port
of Marseilles alone exporting nuts of the
value of SS00,000 In the Department of
Dordogne, over IL 600 acres are planted in
wainuts, giving revenue of 81 00O, 900
| many trees there pay as much as 800 apiece
in nuts, which sell from 50 to IS so per
hundred pounds. Most of the walnuts
| imported into the United States from
France come from that Department. They
are greatly inferior to those of the Isere. in
the southeast of France, which supplies
the Paris, London and ST. Petersburg mar
kets with the finer products of the Frau
quette, Mayette and other leading varieties.
The Department of Lot has also 81 900
acres IN walnuts; the Loire, 1900 acres,
aud so on of twenty Departments in south.
western, central and southeastern France
those walnut districts besides produce an
, immense quantity of walnut wood. mostly
employed by cabinet-makers, gunsmiths,
carrlage-maker etc. The Department of
SaVole alone exports annually $50, 600 worth
of walnut wood
Thus we see how important an industry
, the growing of the walnut and the market
/ ing OF Its nuts and commerce of its wood is
in that country. And now the question
for us is, why shouldn't we try to create
for ourselves and our State such a splendid
ANfSh0Sf "hSh CNSi climate
and near market is SO favorable to the
culture of that noble tree?
, THE CHESTNUT.
The chestnut is hardy tree, whose crop
i is very seldom injured by late frosts in the
spring. as it blooms late in June. 1t is a
regular mountain tree, and may be re-
garded right at home in the Sierr5 Neysfx
foothills of California. The soil best
suited to the chestnut is sandy. granite
soil, or ferruginous- sandy -clayish deep
soil in calcareous soil it does not do we'll.
In Nevada county can be seen twenty
year-old chestnut trees bearing well, and
bearing very nice nuts. This tree is GER
tainly better adapted to nortiiern than
southern California. Wherever the olive
does well the chestnut does badly.
There the climate is too hot forit In warm
countries, in fact, the chestnut bears nuts
only on the northern side and where the
nuts are well protected by leaves from the
too hot sun. The whole of tie Sierra Ne
yada, with its granitic, ferrugnous- cIayish
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

county the almond does splendidly, and
yields heavy crops.
The best soil for the almond is dry and
deep soil. In sandy and barren land. but
deep, the tree will grow more slowly, but
1t will thrive better and live longer The
almond is not precisely particular as to the
quality and composition of the soil. What
is of more importance is the exposure and
shelter from frost and north winds; for the
almond requires warm exposure and
exemption from early frosts in the
spring. Blooming before it buds out,
the least cold spell during mild winter
would jeopardze the whole crop of nuts
No tree Is so capricious in blooming as the
almond. Thus We see ii blooming in the
first week OF February in SMYRNA in
March in England; the latter part of
April in Germany; and il the beginning
OF June in Sweden. AT the Cape of Good
Hope, in Africa, il blooms in August. In
California it blooms ont at any time from
the 1st OF January to the middle of March.
When the almond is in full bloom and it
blows cold, dry wind from the north, it
Injuries the crop considerably by preventing
the blossoms from filling
There are three sorts of almond. viz ::
Hard-sheii. seft-shell and paper shell.
The hard-shell is the hardest of the
sAA>N' ohN cca.o ildH'aSOiaiC trOpS III the
mountains. The soft-sheh, or Ldngueeioc.
is also quite hardy, bears good crops in
California. and resist the attacks OF the
gum well. The shell is soft enough to be
cracked with the teeth or the fingers and
thumb The paper-shell, or Princess, is the
incest and sweetest of the three kinds, but
it is very delicate variety, the blossoms
being more apt to be b.ighted. Then it is
injured badly by the gum, particularly in
the snow beieeftAs Sierra.
The almond is propagsted by grating, its
own stock being used to that effect.
Wherever the almond root would not do
well, it might very well be grated on plum
or apricot stock Shield budding in the
fall is the popular mode for propagating
the almond. 1t may le grated by cleft
grating in early summtf, when all danger
of gum is passed.
If the almond tree ID planted avenue
like, the trees may be eet out thirty feet
apart; if orchard-like, ftom forty to FORTY
five feet. The almond requires q little
pruning every other yehr, dead wood and
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

nut. and 1t does not matter how large is the
tree to be grated. | have myself trans
formed, in Nevada county, twenty-year-old
English and black walnut trees into other
kinds, like the Late Prnparturiens. The
finest example of that kind may be seen at
Canada HILL near Nevada City, in this
county, at l.. Charonnats place Graft
ing proper does badly on the walnut. as
also does shield budding. The most sue
cessful mode of grating walnuts is through
annular budding in the fall. when the trees
are yet well in sap.
Walnut trees should be planted in poor
or moderately rich soil 40 feet apart, even
closer; but in rich and deep soil, so to 60
feet apart. Smaller trees, like prunes.
might be planted between, if desirable. till
the walnuts have attained a large size. Let
us always remember, however. in planting
walnut and chestnut trees, that those trees,
the giants of our orchards, require much
room, air and light to thrive well and bear
large crops. The walnut does not do well
planted orchard-like; but it gives good re-
suits planted in avenues, alongside roads,
drives and fences, round a field, or simply
by themselves. The ground where young
wainuts are planted should be cultivated at
least till the trees are of bearing size, when
they may very well; be left to themselves.
Walnuis go TO bearing as soon as they
grow catkins, or staminate blossoms. and
they generally grow catkins when six to
isfsa gears OF sses according to kinds. The
nuts. or pistillate. blossoms. sometimes
make their appearance oefore the catkins,
but drop off unless fertilized by the catkins
of larger trees in the neighborhood. The
Pr9parturiens, or earlv< bearing walnut
that is, trees of the second generation ~
when propagated from the seed, are apt to
lose their characteristic after the second
generation, and get pis4illate blossoms or
nuts even at two years This earliness in
bearing-the Preparturiens growing cat
klns between six and keven years at the
altitude of Nevada CitSErenders that va
riety, which is very productive, quite valu-
able for young plantations in thus yielding
a crop sooner than anvother kind, except
grated trees. Whenever walnut trees are
planted orchard-like, they should be given
much space, and the ground be cultivated.
Cultivating walnut 81 chestnut orchard
will always tell on the crop, which will be
larger and the nuts fine3
The main varieties ef wainuts mostly
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

soil, and moderately warm climate, is emf
nently adapted to the culture of the chest
nut. The chestnut will mature its nuts
well at an altitude of 1900 feet, in the
| latitude of Nevada county, and even higher
in more southerly latitude, and at less
altitude farther northward. At a higher
altitude the earliest kinds only should be
planted. In mountain gorges and with a
sunny exposure the chestnut does splen-
| did otherwise, an Eastern exposure is best
for that tree The chestnut does not re-
produce itself very well from the seed
hence the reason why that tree is inyari-
ably grated to obtain those large round
nuts known the world over under the
name OF marrons" The American chest
nut is propagated from the seed, but if the
best types were propagated by grating
better results would be obtained as to size,
if not quality The chestnut is more easy
to bud and graft than the walnut Shield
and annular budding may be employed in
the fall; cleft-grafting in the spring. Some
people prefer to graft the chestnut at the
head, six to seven feet from the ground,
but it is generally budded or grated on the
root In certain soils, where the chestnut
root does badly, but the oak root well, the
chestnut may be then grated with advan-
tage on the oak.
The chestnut, like the walnut does bet
ter-if planted in avenues, or alongside
roads and fences, or by itself-than orchard
like. The trees may be planted forty feet
apart, but orchard-like fifty to sixty feet.
Such stately trees require much room, air
and light to bear well. Large and deep
holes have to be dug for chestnuts, as well
as for walnuts, the tap root being cut back
little A chestnut orchard requires the
same care as walnut orchard; but if the
walnut requires no pruning at all, the
chestnut needs pruning of some kind every
two or three years. Suckers should not be
allowed TO grow at the foot of the trees. If
planted in a proper soil and at good ex-
posture, chestnut may live two or three
centuries; though when getting to be $50
years old its products diminish rapidly.
1t may then be renovated by cutting back
its branches about three feet from the main
limbs, and it will bear anew abundant crops
for another fifty years.
The common chestnut, or Chataigne, is
small, fiat on both sides, and grows gene
rally four to six in one burr. In Europe
they are dried hard and ground fine; and a
mush made with the meal. In central
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

cultivated in Europe, as well for the beauty
of the nut and quality of kernel as for their
important characteristics of budding and
! blooming out late in the spring-varieties
| that are doing as well here in California as
in Europe-are:
| Chaberte walnut-A very valuable kind.
of medium size, very rich in oil late kind
| in budding out. 1t was originated CEN
| fury ago by man named Chabert, hence
| its name.
Mayette walnut-A regular dessert nut.
| for its large size and full kernel was orig
mated in the east of France about the
same time as the Chaberte, by a man
named Mayet.
Cluster walnut-One of the most valu-
able kinds for its surprising productive
ness, the nuts growing in long clusters of
eight to twenty. The crops of this variety
are said TO be simply astonishing. 1t is ex-
tensively planted in central France.
| Preparturiens, or early-bearing walnut
| Bears sometimes at two years, very often
at three years; goes to regular bearing at
kind, called also Fertile walnut, and very
desirable for its lateness in budding out.
Franquette walnut-One of the finest
dessert nuts, large, elongated, with a full,
! splendid kernel.
| Serotina, or late walnut-This nut is
only of medium size, very rich in oil a
late kind in budding out.
! Cant walnut-A remarkable variety for
| the large size of the nut. The kernel,
| though quite large, does not correspond to
| the size of the nut.
| There are other good varieties, but these
are the most valuable ones, and have been
| tried in this State and found TO do we'll.
have noticed that the nuts grown in south
ern California have larger shell than those
grown in northern California, but a thin
ner kernel that does not correspond to the
| size of the nut. A walnut tree commences
| to bear in the southern part of the State,
where the growth of trees is more rapid. at
seven or eight years from the seed; in our
| mountains not before ten years, except the
Pr9parturiens and grated trees. But no
walnut gets in full bearing before being
forty or fifty years of age large walnut
tree bears as much as $4,000 to 100, 900 nuts
Walnut, especially late kinds, which are
less liable to have their crop killed by
frost in the spring, are regarded as first
class property in France. In 1881, as
shown by Custom-house statistics, 25,0O0,-
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01
PAPER PIANos.-An interestir

PAPER PIANos-An interesting expert
ment has been made in Germany with
compressed pafer-capable of high polish
las material for piano-cases. The tone
ofihe instrument is reported to be not loud
but very sweet; and, unlike the short
broken note d the ordinary piano, the
sound is soft, full, and slightly continuous,
resembling sorhewhat that Of the organ.
This modificatitn Of tone is ascribed TO the
evenness of fixture of the compressed
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01
Canned and Packed Goods.

The California Grocer and Gamer makes
the following summary of packing opera
lions lin cases. on the the Pacific coast for
the season of 1885:
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

John /. CHM, editor of the Nogales a.
IT, Frontier, is IN possession of an iron
cross of unknown antiquity, which was re-
Gently found in the 35O-foot level of the
[ Ventana mime situated in Sonora, q few
miles south Of Hagdalena.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

The Phoebe New 3Rscord says: For
several years there 9ns scarcely jack
rabbit or coyote to be seen in this country,
but now the country APPEARS oyerrun with
them. They are now thicker than the nuts
in the pine bur.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

DoN'T TRIPLE WITH 4 SORE THROAT, OF.
bad cough or cold when a remedy as
sure, prompt and thorough as DIR. Jaynes
Expectorant can be readily obtained.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01

Land can only be obtained from the
Government in tracts of eighty and one
hundred and sixty acres. A monopoly OF
the land in large estates is consequently
impossible. The character of the country
being of rolling and rounded hills prevents
the possibility OF very large farms. Ex-
periments have shown that the soil is more
productive than the dry plains of the val
ley, but Of course it does not yield crops as
largely as the deltas and bottom lands of
the rivers. II is certainly better and more
productive than lands similarly situated in
France, Switzerland, and Italy, which now
sustain a population of millions. Wood is
everywhere to be found, and in this region
north OF Oroville there is an abundance of
water in the streams and springs not yet
appropriated. These lands have remained
open for settlement because, up to
the present time, sufficient Govern
ment land could be found in the valleys.
There are a mfftion acres of these lands
on which there is no mineral reservation,
and which can be obtained by homestead
and presumption as cheaply as were the
lands in the valley. As l have shown,
there are more than a million acres of
these Sacramento valley foothill lands
open to settlement-fallow from the flood
waiting for occupants; capable of sup
porting population Of hundred thou
sand people, if they viii but cultivate them
Situated in semi-tropical climate, and in
ali the higher regions free from miasma,
one need not be a prophet nor the son of a
prophet, to foretell that before many years
the agriculture of California will become
varied, and cultivation will not be confined
to one cereal Then the foothill region of
the Sierra will be occupied by prosperous
and happy rural population.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1886-01-01


And increase of rainfall appears to be the
law throughout the whole extent of the
foothills of the Sierra, with this variation
as relates TO temperature, namely, as lati-
tude is decreased the temperature
of the valley is continued to a pro-
portionately greater elevation. To IL
lustrate approximately, if the tempera-
ture of Redding at the northern end OF the
valley is continued up the foothills to a
-hight Of 2 0aA- feet lien sAe Temperature Of
Sacramento valley in the center of the val
ley would be continued up to $500 feet, and
that of Sumner in the extreme southern
end of the valley up to 1900 feet The in
crease of rainfall ON the foothills in the
latitude of Sacramento, due to elevation. is
about one inch to each 100 feet. South
from Sacramento the proportion decreases
until at Sumner the increase due to eleya-
ton is but half an inch to each 100 feet.
This is shown by the record kept at Fort
TETON in the Tehachipa mountains, near
Sumner, at an elevation of 9, $40 feet, where
the annual rainfall is 1858 inches. There
is no record kept at any point in the hills
above Redding, but probably in this lati-
tude the increase due to elevation is about
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1886-05-07

(REMITIDO.)
Morovis, Mayo 10 de 1886.
Sr. Director del BOLETIN.

Sr. Director del BOLETIN.
Muy senior mio Y apreciado CO
rreligionario: Seg1n manifestation
que ell ex-Alcalde, D. Heraclio Es-
parolini, hizo a los caballeros Don
Jose Guerrero, Don Jose r. Barre
ras Y Don Manuel Romero, es COM
pletamente falso todo cuanto sc
haya dicho 8 escrito por Ell en- contra
de los hermanos Porrata de esta
localidad, pues, como amigo que es
de ellos Y de quienes no tiene re-
sentimiento alguno, le consta y ha'
ce constar que siempre han estado
en- sus respectivos puestos; y que
con respecto al Pbro. d. Manuel
Rios, del Corozal, NADIA le ha escri-
to que Sc relacioDe con los referi-
dos Porrata, nj en- pro nj en- contra
Ante Ia anterior manifestation,
deponemos toda clase de agravioS
y dejamos q la sensatez de las per-
sonas a qnienes verbalmente, Q POI
escrito, nos hayan recomendado
NAL, para que juzguen en- 10 que
vale al autor.
En- la seguridad, Sr. Director, de
que V. me publicara estas NAL re-
dactadas lfneas, lie anticipa las mas
expresivas gracias su affmo. ami
go y correligionario
@. B. S. NJ.
Jose r. POrrata.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1886-05-07

CELTIC risueno felix. Els muy agra
daole al paladar. Alivia al pequefue-
10, ablanda Las encias, calma todo do
lor, regulariza los intestinos, ss Ell
meior remedio conocido para la diarrea
ocasionada por Ia dentici6n d otra
ca usa.
Pledra PlAstica.-La mas bara-
ia Piedra Plastica de Portland es la
que venden Armas y Jimenez, Cruz
Is. --Puerto-Rico.
iRough on Rats! Muerte d los
ratonesl-Al fin Sc ha encontrado 10
que hemos ncesitado toda la vidal
Pidase d los boticarios Ell "Rough on
Rats" Destierra los ratones, cucara-
chas, moscas y chinches.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1886-05-07
mo colega, en- su ndmero del "a de
Abril:

"No entraremos, no, en- el profundC
au&lisis de tan imEortsnte cuestlon-
aunque 81 debiersmos hacerio-nl ira
taremos de amsrgar los dltimos ms
tsntes de una agonia desespersda: pefo
81 diremos, llenos de pesar, qne la I'M
preston esparcids por aquella csrts no
ha podido ser mas desagradable en- to-
dos los Snimos, sobradamente pertur-
bados por recelos y desconhanzas que
nadie acertaba D explicarse: en- cambIo
alli Sc revelan cosas y procedim'entcs
que bien merecen estudiarse medltar
Sc con calma, pues todo reclsma ire
vocabIes 4 imperiosas resoluciones.
81 aqneI golpe hs herido de musrte,
justo es lamentarlo; y nosotros 10 Ia
mentaremoe con doble raz6n porque
tememos que los alumnos del L'ceo
lleguen a perder ell curse actual, 81, por
desgracia, ell va repetido centro de en-
sefianza hubiera de cerrarse antes del
mes de JUNO pr6ximo, en- que los CO.
Iegisles deben ser examinados.
Quiera Dios que asi no suceda.
SegGn hace pdblico EI AnHn
ciadOr de Mayaguez, Sc han en-
barcado para la Peninsula ell Sr.
Ruiz Rojo y su esposa, la Sra.
D. Conception Albeniz, Directo-
~
ra del Colegio de Nilas de la Sc
ciedad Propagadora......
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1886-05-07
A S AJEROS.

Llegados en- 81 vap. esp. "Reina Mercedes" +"
-Clements Fleurian, sehora hijo.-Jose Flo
res sedora.-Juan NJ. Rodriguez.-Adalber-
to Disz Isabel Casanova y hijos-Jose
Perez c6gnito-~Frsncisco Sierra.-Pablo
Portela. Fl rancisco Prieto.-Manuel Trasau-
co., Manuel Blanco.
Salidos en- ell mismo--Juan Lujau.-Chat-
ter Robert.-Rosa Prieto.-Felipe Rodriguez,
Manuel Galindo.-Angel Santini--Carmelo
Navarro Felipe 0tero.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1886-05-07
SOBRE La PROPAGADORA.

Por 10 que hsmos visto en- al
O,uos peri6dicos, Sc intenta lie
Var. & se ha IIevado ya q los tri-
bunales 1 los sutores de Ia carta
Que. sobre 10 Sociedad Propaga
dora de Ia instruction, public6 FL
Criteyio Esp0aOI, de Maysgdez,
' parte de Il cual reproduJimos
nosotros con espiritu neutral.
Acerca del efecto causado POI
aqueIla carta en- ID opinion publ
81, dice, entire otras coaas, q mis-
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1886-05-07
AVlSO.
LA MALLORQUINA,
PABRICA DE CHOCOLATE Al VAPOR
DE
CARROMEEL. RIB AS a. Co,
CARBoMEEL. RIBAS T. Co.
SAN JUsro %, 25 Y 81.

DAN JUSTO 90, 81 @''
Los duefos de esta antigua y
creditada fabrica, fundada en-
l84S, tienen el gusto de participar
a sus constantes parroquianos y
al pdblico en- general, que desde
hoy, el precio al por mayor del
CHOCOLATE
1ue fabrican 10 han rebajado al
tipo que tenian de costumore an
,es de los derechos de consume y
psjo las mismas condolences an
eriores.
Puerto Rico, IL de Mayo de
Ie 1886. 52
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1886-05-07
sues. De J. SALA & CO,

Gale de 10 FortAleEa mum. 81.
Casa Dc giFea 2 coAisionsS, Imporsadoree DO
tcdss proosasnciAs. uRices AGenaes On esta lsla
de ia oompAhiA de SegHrOs ccntEs inceadsos Hans
barge MAadshRFgaesa = del lsaitsmo AmAfgo Dc
kaaaslaEa Del nh aeaEA