davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1886-04-03
The TranscontinentaI War Ends.

New YORK, April 2.-One of the bitter
est railroad-rate wars that the Western
roads have ever known. has probably come
to an end. The transcontinental pool was
broken on Feb. 10 by the Atchison, Topeka
q Santa Fe announcing cut IN the rates
between New York and San Francisco. 1t
did this because the other members of the
pool would not allow as large a percentage
of the freight business to the AtchisOn as il
demanded. All OF the lines in the pool met
the cut, and the result has been that travel
ers and freight have gone to California
points at extremely low rates. In passen-
ger rates fhe price of unlimited first-class
tickets from New York to San Francisco
was S120.25. This price was cut until the
low-water mark of $29. so was reached. In
freightS, the price tor cotton piece goods,
for example, was So per 100 pounds
from New York to San Francisco
This rate was cut down until
it became too low to quote. The principal
fighters were the Southern Pacific and the
AtchiSon. The other lines noticeably the
Union Pacific and the Pacific Mail Steam
ship company, followed the cuts, but this
was done more TO keep people informed
that there were such routes than because
they wanted to fight. The AtchisOn has
been forcing the fight throughout the con-
test. The result has the appearance of a
victory for that road. 1t is understood
among railroad men that President Strong
practically presented his ultimatum to Pres
ident Huntington of the Southern Pacific
on Thursday, and that Mr.. Huntington
asked until to-day TO answer, and by tele-
graph he did answer and Immediately his
agents announced to shippers that the rates
would be restored to the old basis after to-
morrow. The Atchison agents have not
yet received orders on the subject, though
they are expected to very soon.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1886-04-03
Confirmation of Assessment for Change Of Grade on Warsaw Street

II
t March3
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Brown Ramseys ntoSt.P Paul.
BlockB Damage
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L.G CerkBo of ubucw Works.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1886-04-03
ATCHISON EXTENSION.
Bonds to be Issued For Further Com
structIOn.

BosToN. April 2.-Under date of to-day
a circular is issued TO the stockholders Of
the AtchisOn Railroad company. 1t sets
forth that By an act of congress passed in
July, 1854, the Southern Kansas Railroad
company was invested with the right of To-
eating, constructing and operating railway
and telegraph and telephone line, as well as
branches through certain portions of Indian
Territory, in accordance with which the
company located the main line running
from Arkansas City Southerly in the direc-
ton of Dennison and Fort Worth. and also
located branch from KiOwa ON the south
ern b rider of Kansas, southwesterly in the
direction of Wolf creek and
into the Pan Handle of Texas,
the total mileage thus located being about
$50 miles. Congress also granted at the
same time to the Gulf, Colorado 81 Santa Fe
Railroad company the right to extend its
road nOrthward, whereby a continuous line
of road between LeavenwOrth, Kansas City
and Galveston, will be formed by the eX-
tensions of the two corporations. The cost
of constructing these extensions is esti-
mated at SIC. 600 per mile, and it is pro-
posed that the Southern Kansas company
controlled by the Topeka IL Santa Fe)shall
issue per cent. forty year first mortgage
gold bonds, that rate being permitted on
the projected lines, giving each subscriber
for 81, 900 bond per cent. income bond
for $3.50. The stockholders are entitled to
subscribe in the proportion of one block for
each 100 shares Of AtchiSon stock held by
them on April II, 1886, and may assign
their rights, that the smaller stockholders
may not be excluded. Subscriptions may
also be made for one-tenth of block and
for multiples thereof, and both classes of
bonds will be issued in denominations of
500, $500 and 81, 900. All bonds may be
registered. The first installment on sub
scriptions will be payable May 20 and the
remainder as called, not to exceed 20 per
cent in any one month. Subscriptions
may be made prior to May 3.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21

not produce wholesome flesh tor
human food? The meat is made OF
what the animal eats, and even the
splendid digestive organs OF the hog
can not purify wholly that which Is
impure, and convert it into whole
some and nutritious diet for man.
For us we want no slaughter-house
fGattened pork, no distillery-slop pork,
no pork made from the indigested
material taken from the manure OF
other animals. AS we prefer cider
made from clean apples, with the
rot and worms left out, so we prefer
portland we like good ham and
bacon-made from clean, sweet food,
and that of the vegetable kind. In
this way we stand a chance to steer
clear OF tape worm and trichin@,
and we have a much soldier, sweeter
meat than can be made from animal
refuse, distillery slops and rotten
vegetables. W. have known farmers
who were fond of pork, that never
ate pork away from home unless
they knew how it had been fed and
fattened. They made their own
pork out of clean food. fed to clean
lot of hogs, kept in a clean pen.-EI.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
FOOD o HOGS.

Almost anything is supposed to
be good enough for a hog to eat,
provided it will eat it. Why the
idea is SO prevalent, it is is hard to
say, unless it be because the hog
has such strong digestive powers,
and is, therefore, able to make use
of food that the stomachs of other
animals will reject. The hog has
the longest digestive canal, or intes-
tines Of any Of the domestic animals,
the sheep coming next, with 20 feet
to the hogs " feet. But while the
hog has the longest alimentary canal,
it has also the smallest stomach.
The stomach and contents of the OK
IRE said to average III per cent. Of
the entire weight Of the body; of
the sheep, u per cent, and of the
hog, Ii percent. But when it comes
to the intestines, the case is reversed,
the intestines of the hog and their
contents constituting 81 per cent. of
the entire weight Of the body, of
the sheep 34per cent, and of the OK
"a per cent. So it would seem that
the wonderful digestive powers of
the hog depend upon the length and
capacity of the intestinal canal as
compared with the size of the stom-
ach. 1t a digest and assimiIate
more food in a given time, according
to scientists, than any other animal.
This is why it lays on fat SO much
more readily. But isthis any reason
why it should be compelled to live
on refuse which no other animal
will touch and which evidently will
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
DAIRYMEN PROSPEROUS.

Commissioner Norman J. Colman,
in a recent address to the Virginia
farmers, said: eco to the great State
of New York, the New England
States, to Iowa, Minnesota, and
many other States, and as you travel
through the country you can tell
when you come to the dairy region.
There you see the finest residences,
the most comfortable and best
equipped stables and buildings, the
best fences, the best surroundings,
and if you can get into the bank
you will find the largest bank ac-
counts credited to the dairymen.
Their farms in the East are worth
from one hundred dollars to two
hundred dollars per acre, notwith-
standing the long winters, when
they are compelled, on account of
the severity Of the weather, with
the thermometer sometimes down
to thirty or forty degrees below
zero, to feed so many months Of the
year."-Farm and Fair Journal.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
KEEPING FRUIT.

By preserving a portion of the
surplus fruit for winter, many little
delicacies can be had at a time
when such things are scarce. There
are methods for preserving some
fruits by which they are retained IN
solidity, color and flavor until late
in the winter. Mr. Roe, a fruit,
grower, took a large stone pot ana
placed in it a layer fIsabella grapes
then a double thickness OF straw
paper, and followed with alternate
layers of grapes and paper until the
pot was full, FASTING a piece OF clo'a
over the stone cover to make ~
water-tight. He then buried Inc
pot in a dry knoll, below the reach
OF frost, and on digging the pot up
about New Years day, he toulld
that the grapes looked and tas Te
as if just picked off the vines. Inc
suggestion is given that other frul.'
might be treated in the same ma
ner, while other experiments shou'0
also be tried.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
A REMEDY FOR HOG CHOLERA

Collect the corn cobs in a pile,
burn them until thoroughly charred,
then take them out, sprinkle brine
and salt freely on the Goals, and let
the hogs eat all they want.
Keep the hogs without salt for a
few days over the regular time, 50
they will eat freely Of the Goals.
If farmers throughout the State
will adopt this plan l don't think
they will be troubled with the fell
disease among their swine.
When %fattening, give the cobs
once in two weeks; stock hogs once
a month. If some Of the farmers
whose hogs are now affected, and
not too far gone, will give the cobs
to them as prepared, and let them
eat freely (Which they wilD of it,
think they will find their hogs soon
getting well.-Richmond Dispatch.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
FARMERS SOCIETIES.

W. are heartily in sympathy with
all the societies which bring the
Farmers together to discuss those
topics which interest and benefit
them. The more such organizations
are formed, the wider will be the
prevalence of jtst/fdeas and better
methods Of farming.
W. care very1little what may be
the name Of the $ociety thus formed,
whether it BE al Farmers Club, a
Farmers Grange Farmers ALI
ance, a Farmers Institute, or any
other name; if it will only bring the
Farmers together to talk over the
topics that stir the agricultural
world, and render them better ca
pable of cultivating their lands, har-
vesting their crops, marketing their
produce; thus elevating their pur-
suits to something nearer the sclen-
tifc basis upon which their profes-
sion should stand.-New Farm.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
MORE ABOUT BURR cLovpn

Having received many lettors
inquiry as to the merits of burr 81 u
yer, / desire to answer through ro o,o'
valuable journal, The Southern II Jtr
GATOR. a. 1t will grow on our o oI
est lands, though, like e%vervtb;uI'
else, the richer the soil the m"ls
luxuriant the growth. (2.) If sone
in July or August it will witbstsn1a
our coolest winters. When all otb"
grasses are dead it remains oraea
and flourishing. CO. After once sou
will re-seed itself for years WIKI
out any more cultivation, Maxine
permanent winter pasture. az 6io"'
down in June to reappear in SEN
TENDER. o. All kind of stock hp
come very fond oft; is fine for fowls
chickens and turkeys eating it al
winter. CO., Cannot be e~xterminated
by grazing if stock are taken off Of
it when in bloom, say the first Of
May. CO. I have a lot planted sly
years ago, plowed once since, which
is now nearly four feet high; as
thickly matted as ever you saw red
clover. One has but to have if fl
appreciate the value of it. Those
who have had it for years speak the
highest in it's praise. g. 1t will prove
to be one of the best and cheapest
renovators of old worn lands we can
have, as it will grow we'll on the
hardest surface. Co., 1t is easily
exterminated when desired by blow.
ing any time before the seed ma.
lures. (10.) The seeds are inclosed
in a burr about the size of a buck.
shot. (l1.) Prepare the ground as
you would for turnips, sow the burrs,
then pass roller over to pack them
down. (12.) The past winter was
very severe, killing all the small
grain, nevertheless this clover stood
the test and was then green and
fourishing. J. W. NJ.
Monroe county.
-SOuthern CuEtirdtOr.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
ABOUT MILK RICH IN FATS.

Scientifically why the first milk
may be, according to the expert
ments of DR.. S%turtevant and Prof.
Arnold, stated as follows:
Prof. Arnold holds that it isl not
because the cows udder is likd an
open vessel, in which the cream can
rise, but there is no such thing ali a
backward motion to milk or any(of
it's elements after it has once started
from the point of formation, but
that ducts converge into the one i'll
the teat.
DR.. Sturdevant finds that the
heavier, more liquid part of the
milk will move through the milk
tubes mor easily than the solid
and lighter portion, much on the
principle, we suppose, that a pebble
would move downward in a tube of
running water faster than the water,
and that accounts for part Of the
result.
Prof. Arnold says that in addition
to this cause, the fat of the milk
after it has passed the initial point
of secretion, is absorbed in the gen.
eral circulation faster than the pro-
teine is, and SO becomes poorer in
fat the longer it is retained in the
udder.
1t has been proved that the per
cent of butter fat increases with the
shortness of the time between the
milkings, that it adds wonderfully
to the butter production of the COW
to milk her every six hours, over
milking once in twenty-four hours.
This may account, in some meas
ure, for the phenomenal butter
records of cows fed to the extreme
of digestion with rich food and
MIXED three or four times a day.
Farm, Field and Stockmon.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
MANURE HEAP IN SUMMER.

The manure heap should not be
managed in summer as in winter.
What is desired in winter is to have
the ingredients in the heap in a
state Of gradual decomposition, as
the cold season permits of greater
control of the temperature where
the manure is under cover and not
exposed to the elements. There is
then no fear Of "fire-fanging," and
the laborers have more time for
turning it over. In the summer the
case is different. The temperature
of the atmosphere often reaches
1000, and largely controls the de-
gree of heat within the heap. If
the anu is carefully managed,
it can be regulated with but little
difficulty. All coarse substances
should be placed in the center, and
the freshest manure placed upon it,
the heap being saturated with urine
as it progresses. The heat may be
started at any time by sprinkling a
little lime water upon the materials
as they are added. AS soon as you
are satisfied that the heat has reached
a temperature sufficient to decom-
pose all the materials, turn the
heap over, placing those portions
on the outside to the center, add
urine, and they will soon be decom-
posed. No doubt every farmer I'M
derstands we'll what we have said,
but many of them are not careful.
They allow the heat to reach any
temperature, and when they are
ready to use the manure, they find
it has "fre-fanged," and the volatile
matter gone, and its value greatly
lessened. IF you are too busy to
turn it over and the manure is likely
to become too hot, make holes here
and there and pour in plenty of cold
water, which will absorb the ammo
MIA and prevent it's escape.-Farmj
Field and StOckmdn. I
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
A SUMMER DRINK.

Buttermilk is considered one of
the best of summer drinks. Those
who have a craving for something
sour in warm weather will find the
Tactic acid which buttermilk con-
tains, very grateful to the stomach,
and the staying properties of the
drink will enable a person to undergo
more fatigue than anything else that
he may drink.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
CATTLE

1t has been only a year or more
since the dehorning Of cattle has re-
ceived any attention from Ameri-
can cattle raisers.
At first an occasional article ap-
peared in some journal, but with no
decided advocacy of the practice OF
~dehorning, and usually with COM
ments on the supposed cruelty OF
the operation. But within the past
year, the papers have been full OF
reports sent in by the pioneers,
who have been pruning off the use
less horns from their cattle on the
same principle that they weed oat
useless or dangerous weeds or shrubs
which grow in their lands to the
exhaustion of the soil, or the en-
dangering of either human or ami
NAL life or limbs.
The various reports as made by
those who have already been dehorn-
ing cattle, show that the operation
is not a very painful one to the
animal, especially when performed
on calves when very young and in
every case so far as reported, entire
satisfaction as to the result is x
pressed by those who are dehorning
their cattle.
The earliest accounts which we
have of any systematic practice of
dehorning cattle, is that said to
have been carried on amongst the
dairies attached to the lands of the
religious establishments in Great
Britain, where the priests or monks
being peaceful and non-combatant in
their habits, considered it not in
opposition to humanity and to their
own safety to dehorn their cattle.
1t is a fact established beyond
doubt, that a large proportion of the
polled breeds Of England owe their
origin to the practice Of d%ehorning
in the diaries Of these pious and
peaceful men, where it was carried
on so persistently until the horns
ceased to exist in the breed and the
dehorncd head became hereditary.
Another theory upon this subject
is also upon historical record, and
that is, that these religious dairy
men selected the hornless cattle
wherever they could find one and
thereby produced their h%ornless
herds by selection, but the theory
that dehorning was practiced by
them until the horns disappeared in
breeding is the more plausible con-
clusion to be reached.
But the question of to-day is, shall
we have horns, or shall we not have
horns? and the question is very
answered. Those who want
horns can have them, and those
who do not want horns car dehorn.
1t is simply a question of local
option, and fortunately every cattle
raiser has the option upon his own
cattle and upon his own farm. There
is only one vote to decide the ques-
ton and each farmer can cast it for
himself.
1t is to. be hoped that the spirit of
.ehorning cattle will continue to
progress and do it's work, for it is a
good work, "a sensible work, for the
benefit of both man and beast and
of being cruel it is in the
fullest degree humane, as mor pain
is inflicted by horns than can ever
be done by dehorning cattle.-Mer-
and Exchange ADVOCATE.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
and night. it will stimulate them to

SSAN
renewed exertions and keep them
fresh all day. This sort of stimula-
ton has no bad after effects, as does
that which men often take in the
harvest field. The work of harvest
ing with self-binders is snow as severe
for teams as cutting grain was in
the old times for men when done
by hand labor, and it is a time when
grain for horses has been mostly
used up. With the labor thus thrown
on the teams they need proportion
ton good care.
CURING HAY TOO MUCH.
The great fear of farmers in get
ting hay into the barn is that it will
be too green and heat in the NOW.
This is more especially true where
hay has been cured mainly, as hay
should be-, in the cock. After it has
lain in cock one or two days, they
will open and expose it to the sun
several hours. This is not only un-
necessary but injurious. W. never
knew hay left in cock twenty-four
hours that could injure in the NOW,
if got in without rain. The dried
pieces of grass have a p~reservative
effect, very different from the moist
ture left on hay by rains. After be-
ing wet the outside moisture must
be thoroughly dried out; but it is
better to do it with as little expos
ure to the sun as possible. More hay
is injured by bleaching and sunburn-
ing than by rotting.
WHITE CLOVER SEED.
The pertinacity with white clover
appears in land where it has never
been sown suggests that it is a very
reliable seeder. This is a fact. If
white clover were not SO valuable a
forage plant it would be a bad weed,
as indeed it is in strawberry beds.
1t propagates not only by seeds but
but by runners, just as the straw
berry does. In most eases if the
Drowned heads are examined they
will be found filled with seed. Be
sides, white clover propagates often
where it is least suspected. In mead
ows where no white clover is visible
at moving time the tiny plants r
hidden under the grass, and soon
show blossoms after their shade is
removed. The fact that white clover
has a hard struggle for existence
among grass makes it all the surer
seeder.
REPAIRS FOR HARVESTING MACHINERY.
The competition among manufac-
turers of self binding h~arvesters has
reduced the price toe low. This re-
suits in turning out machines where
poor materials, especially of wood
work, are used. 1t is increasingly
difficult to get just the right kind of
wood, and in the necessity for sell
ing cheaply few will afford the ex-
pense. The worst of the matter is
that not half the agents keep repairs
likely to be called for any day in
the busiest season., and telegraphed
for peahaps from a distance of sew
eral hundred miles. Castings have
to be furnished from the factory, but
a farmer using much machinery
should keep a stock of hardwood
lumber from which he a make re-
pairs to broken woodwork, saving
time, which will often be worth more
TO him than the saving of the ma
chinists' bill.
The progressive farmer. [volume] (Winston, N.C.) 1886-1904, 1886-07-21
WATERING HORSES AT WORK.

Horses hard at work in warm
weather need water frequently. If
a handful of oatmeal is thrown in a
pailfnl of water, and one ortwo swal-
lows given two or three times be-
tween morning and noon, or noon
The Warner sun. (Warner, Brown Co., Dakota [S.D.]) 1885-1???, 1886-04-23

In the street, the park or the rail.
way car all classes of Englishmen make
it a rule to keep the natives in sys.
tematic degradation. A native may
be turned out of a car if an English.
man desires it; he may be insulted on
the street upon the himsiest G ii
is risky for him to walk in the public
parks kept up at his own cost. He
dares not resent, for the slightest
show of resistanceis met thphysical
violence, which may result in death,
while the offender escapes with only q
paltry fine. The highest punishment
usually awarded to an Englishman
for wantonly killing a native is six
months light Imprisonment, with
chances of a remission on a memorial
to the government from his brethren.
Things are SO arranged in Anglo India
that the servant Of an Englishman,
who dares not touch his masters
horse nor dog, may insult a native
caller, no matter how high his
social position, while the master
chuckles behind him. -North American
Review for April.
The Warner sun. (Warner, Brown Co., Dakota [S.D.]) 1885-1???, 1886-04-23
why Major Went to Church.

| once visited a pleasant country
house, the owner of which had a pow
erful and sagacious dog called Major.
This dog was highly priced by his mas
ter and the people ofthe neighborhood.
He had saved many lives. Once when
q swingrope became entangled around
the neck OF a little girl, Major held her
up until help came. One day the
butcher brought in his bill forMajor's
provisions. Majors master thought
It altogether too large. and shaking
the paper angrily at the dog, be said:
ASee here, old fellow, you never ate all
that meat-did your" Thedog looked
hard at the bill, shook himself all over,
regarded the butcher with contempt
and then went back to his rug, where
he stretched himself out with d low
growl OF dissatisfaction. The next
Sunday, just as service began at the
village church, into my friends pew
vaulted Major. Then Major keptper-
fectly quietuntil we oil arosefor nrav
er; then he sprang upon the seat, stood
on his hind legs, placed his front paw
upon the front OF the pew behind, and
stared gravely and reproachfully into
the face OF the butcher, who looked
very much confused and turned first
red and then pale. The whole congre-
CATION smiled and then Uttered. Ma
jor's master at once took the dog
home. But the butchey was more
considerate In his charges from that
TIME. Evidently he felt mortified and
c~sAscience stricken.-St. Nicholas,