Morning journal and courier., 1885-05-20
CEREBRAL HAwLRY ON TARIFF.

Protection to Home Tndustr1es.
 A good sized audience assembled in the Atheneum last evening to listen to lecture by General Joseph R. Hawley before the Young Mems Republican club.
 The general was introduced by Professor William K. Townsend in brief address. On stepping to the desk the distinguished speak CT was received with every manifestation ot approval by the audience. In his opening remarks the general, referring to General To- gan's reelection as senator from Illinois, said: am rejoiced to hear that General Lo- gan has been returned to the United States Senate. Hewas very able soldier and there never was a braver man in fight In gen. eral, on political subjects he is all right. He is absolutely an incorruptible man and he is poor man, which understand is virtue in a Congressman or Senator even though he may have received 8 fortune from his grandmother Daughter ) The general then expressed his pleasure at the formation of the Young Mems club so soon after the smoke of battle had cleared away. He thought it right that they should band themselve, together to uphold the prin- ciples of that party which had done so much for the country.
 Proceeding to the discussion of the tariff question he spoke in substance as follows:
 do not propose to discuss any particular form of tariff to night, but propose to discuss it in general way. That there must and will be 8 tariff there is no doubt The pure free trade advocates are in 8 woeful minority and always will be- A tariff is the easiest way to collect the revenue. The govern ment does not go to you directly for taxes, but it is paid by revenue from customs and direct taxes Men who favor tariff for revenue only say the tax should be levied on a few articles. They adopt substantially the British system of taxing tea, coffee, liquors and tobacco. We affirm the rightfulness of the doctrine of tariff for the protection of American industries. I affirm the rightful- ness and also sometimes the imperative duty. I protest against those few traders who say we ought to be ashamed to advocate tariff and who tell us we are legislating for the rich as against the poor. It is sheer non- sense.
 The man who starts in 8 manufacturing business starts to very great disadvantage when there is no duty on the goods he is to The general quoted from noted free trade authors to show that in many points they were in accord with high tariff advocates, especially so on manufac-
 
 an authority of the free traders. He says: 'sIt cannot be expected that men can go to the expense of building up extensive bus mess without having some sort of protec- tion."
 A new country in self defense should protect the manufacture of iron if it has the mineral to manufacture A nation, think all will agree, is justified in building up such an industry. We threw off the political con- trol of Great Britain in the Revolution, but it was quite as necessary that we should throw off the industrial control, and this we have been doing under 8 protective tariff The government is with you from morning to night wherever you go It regulates not only the public, but the private affairs of the people. In many cases, and the illustrations of the fact are everywhere apparent, the Americans can manufacture many articles cheaper and better than the imported, duty or no duty. This comes from She inventive genius of the American mind, which can and does invent machinery that enables them to overcome the duty on imported articles. No one cares now about the tariff on clocks, because we can compete with foreign manufacturers.
 Divine revelation comes to us to teach us that there is something better than nature, and I think our free trade friends oyerdo the matter when they try to convince us that it s contrary to nature when we advocate a .aT1n duu pEOG0CO OURSELVES aSdluSG hA Competition is not always an or a fair one.
 The curse is the separation of distance, of travel, of transportation. l am sorry that we don't have our share of the carrying, yet instead of carrying itself being good it is curse to be gotten rid of. We have destroyed distance by the railroad, the steamboat and the telegraph, and this is just what the tariff proposes to do. It will annihilate distance, iS of 1ha cyraaf n11iaofa tn hQ at- tained. Why in the world should we take it us blessing for the Dakota farmer to send his wool four thousand miles in order to get it manufactured when he can have it manu- factured at home? The mother country to- day is finding fault with Canada because she puts tariff on England's manufactured goods and takes those made in this country in preference. But she has to submit because she dare not do otherwise. Every nation ought to be able to manufacture every article which 1t consumes. A community that is all devoted to one thing cannot be model community. In order to succeed there should be diversi fed industries. Some men cannot be able occupation, but they will go wild over 8 dirty blacksmith shop. Now we know that every human being in New England is de- veloped into one or another interest and the industries thereby become diversified. This tends to develop all the physical resources of the country. So we can here manufacture that we absolutely need. We could do without pearls and diamonds and sven silks. A few years ago there now it is very extensive in 1ustry in your city, in Bridgeport and other cities. Free traders say that all these industries could be developed without ! duty, but think not. Take the effect of 1uty on steel. Now we can use the Besse- ner steel rails cheaper than iron and this industry has wholly revolutionized the whole railroad business. Steel rails are now uni versally used and I don't know that they will ever wear out The price commenced at $150 ton ill England and the improve nents of machinery in this country have run the price down to $23 a ton, which is less han the duty used to be on Bessemer steel Great Britain holds herself up as the great free trade nation. Why she is the most au- protected nation that ever existed. She has coaxed her people away from agri- culture. The economists say they have begun o exhaust their limit of agriculture. Why hat people of 35, ,000,0 is threatening the world. She is controlling the East and try ng to extend her possessions everywhere. All her legislation is devoted to this, in an ,ffort to build up trade.
 The proper way to begin levying tax is o levy it on luxuries. Not only this, but
 WOulO tax all cOoG1y WOEhS O1 dTG oACOpb 1OE public institutions This builds up indus ries in this country and takes the taxes of he poor man. I would tax of course the vines, the liquors and the tobacco. The British collect their revenues from tobacco. ;igars, coffee and liquors, which realizeS lbout $90, 0,000,0 ,00O. They say that they de- tire to levy the tax on as few articles as pos 'ible and get it from all the people, rich and poor alike. It is not unlike ! poll tax, which is always disagreeable. Their taxes are levied without discrimination, while ours ara levied so that the best results follow. The agricultural interests are equal y benefited with the mechanics from the fact that they reap the benefits of the manu- featuring industries which make market for their products. We shall soon be be- yond the possibilities of all competition, but there is something to be thought of besides cheapness. The cheap and nasty is not the highest form of ambition. Cheapness is not all that is to be sought in the composition of country. see no evidence of starva- tion in this country, but the evidence of cleanly, well fed people, and the effects of the tariff must have had something to do with it.
 When the general concluded 8 vote of thanks was extended to him for his very able lecture and on the suggestion of Professor Townsend that three cheers be given for Senator Joe Hawley" they were given with B will. The general bowed his thanks and retired, going directly to the New Haven House where he was entertained by members of the club.
 Entertainments.