The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1885-08-20
PRACTICAL ART.
Ssme Recent Achievements In That

Ssae Recent Achievements In That Line
Twenty miles is the distance psue-
trated by the Improved fog signals now
in use. This power, it appears. is
gained by two slotted cylinders, one
fixed and the other revolving a il.
The slots, as they pass one another,
stop or cat off tho passage of compress
ed air or steam, thHs causing q series
OF vibrations, and, consequently, mu-
steal note, the pitch of which depends
upon the speed of the revolving eylin-
der. In order to vary this note it il
only necessary to control this velssity.
The double-nete horn is formed with \
casing, within which are fixed slotted
cylinder and a revolving cylinder mov-
ing upon spindle. Tho slots are
formed in each cylinder at opposite in
clined angles, so that tho motive fluid
impinging against a number of inclin-
ed planes causes tho inner cylinder 10
revolvc with great rapidity, carrying
two disks. These are attached to the
common spindle, and upon their peri
phcries are pressed levers, under the
action of small pistons operated by dia-
phragms, to the outer surface of which
compressed air is admitted. One brake
is put on for high note, both brakes
for low note.
Large quantities of timber are now
crcosoted at the West in u special man
ner, for railroad purposes. tho effect
boing to increase tho tenacity of the
wood for holding spikes, ETC.. as we'll
as its density and ability to resist me-
chanical wear. This is done by means
of an apparatus consisting of a boiler
plate cylinder, of a size adapted to tho
timber; this cylinder is of a siren 9Th
sufficient to resist 800 pounds pressure
per square inch, and has a track ex-
tending for its whole length along tho
bottom, tho cylinders ends being clos
ed by strong iron doors, air and water
tight. When timber has been run into
the cylinder and the doors closed,
steam at about 100 pounds pressure is
elected into the cylinder, the supply
continuing as required by the nature
and dryness of the wood; the steam is
thon shut off, and vacuum pumps
worked as long as any liquids or vapsrs
are obtained. the hot preserving liquid
being now run into tho cylinder from
the reservoir until full. Tho force
pumps are again operated until the in-
terror pressure is some 100 pounds per
inch, and kept thus until sufficient pre-
servativo fluid is forced into the pores
of the wood; the force pumps are now
shut off, and the crcosotc oil or other
liquid contained in the cylinder is dis
charged in q suitable cistern, after
which the doors at the ends of the CYL
inder are opened and the car carrying
the timber or ties run out.
A great many napkins and other ar
ticles of usefulness are now made in
Europe from the bark of the paper
mulberry. The bark for these pur-
poses is first dried in the air for two or
three days, then plunged for twenty
four hours in n current of fresh water,
after which, with the aid of a particu-
lar kind OF cord, the two species of fl
bres of which it is composed arc sep
arated. The interior fibres are those
from which fine paper is made; they
are rolled into balls weighing about
thirty-fivc pounds each, which arc
washed anew in running water, in
which they are allowed to soak a
shorter time than previously, and are
then dried; finally they are boiled in
lye made from the ashes of buckwheat
Hour, constant stirring being kept up;
another washing in pure water carries
away the last impurities, and the fibrcs
are next pounded with hammers of
wood for about twenty minutes; after
this they are second time relied into
balls, and finally transformed into
pulp, rice-water being mixed with it
lie subsequent treatment of the pulp
I'd ideatieal with that Of the ordinary
of paper. Leather pa
per" is obtained by the superposition
Of many sheets of the material previ-
oHsiy stepped in ''yonoko," pressed,
and glazed with '.shellas."
The operation has been successfully
by Il German chemist OF
rags of cotton and wool
mixed by ssbjeeting them to the action
of jet of surerheated steam. Under
pressure of five atmospheres the
wool melts and siaks to the bottom of
the receptacle, while cotton, linen, and
other vegetable tibres stand, thus re-
suitable for paper manHfae4
turo. The liquid mud which contains
the wool precipitated by this means is
then desiccated; the residue, to which
is given tho name of azotine, is COM
pletcly y soluble in water, and is valua-
bic on account of its nitrogen. The in
creased value of the pulp free from
wool is sufficient to cover the cost of
tho process. York San.