Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1885-06-21


the school, the object Of which Is to
train designers for textile fabrics OF all
kinds, for isce-making and embroidery.
furniture, bronze, and goldsmiths'
work, and ornamental modellers for
house decoration. Special courses Of
lectures are given on the industrial APP
| plication Of electricity, q subject attract
ing much attention in both Europe and
America. Nearly thousand pupils at
tend the Client school.
The celebrated Ambacht Schools Of
Holland are trade schools which have
proved Of the greatest service in the
| education Of The workmen Of that coun-
try. They were established as a private
undertaking to supply the place former
ly filed by apprenticeship, and in ad-
dition to an elementary education gave
instruction in carpentry, smiths and
joiners' work. There are also special
schools for teaching the handicrafts re-
| quired in house, and ship-building.
The value OF these schools was
soon recognized by the Government
authorities, who permitted them to
take the :lsSe OF the middle-class
schools. Consequently, they now re-
ceive an annual grant for their support.
| At Amsterdam and The Hague profess
sional school, FOR girls have been
formed. Industrial education is further
developed in France, Belgium, Ger
many, and Austria by the higher tech
meal and polytechnic schools for the
advanced training of those who wish to
attain the highest degree Of scientific
training in their respective callings with
a view Of becosaing foremen, superin-
| tendents, or ergineSrs Of great manu-
| featuring interests.
BY law recently passed in France
all of the intermediate ana many of the
higher technical schools are gratai:aus,
while the fees in Austria and Germany
are so low as to place them within the
reach Of every one. The best examples
ofthe higher technical schools are found
in France. The Ecoles Centrales OF
Paris and Lyons, the Ecoles des Arts
ct Meters at Chalons, AK, Anglers, and
Lille are all schools for the training Of
foremen, draughtsmen, civil and me-
chanical engineers, as well as the tech
nology Of the trader and manufacturer.
The weaving schools form an impor-
tant feature Of both the industrial and
technical schools Of Europe, and exert
n marked influence upon the value of
their textile manufactures. Some Of
these are separate schools, devoted ex-
clusiyely to the teaching of spinning,
designing, and weaving, while in others
it forms one of the departments of the
general school. The Ecole CONNER
cale Of Lyons is one Of the most COM
plete of the weaving schools Of
France, and Is supported entirely
by the Lyons manufacturers. 1t
contains fourteen looms capable
Of doing twenty-three different
kinds Of work, such as taffeta. foulard,
&c. There are two tulle looms and
looms for weaving ribbons and velvets.
At this school a portrait Of NJ. Theirs
is shown, woven by the pupils, which
required 1000 loops and 5000 cards
in the process of weaving it. The
Vienna weaving school is the largest
in the world, and gives instruction in
all the numerous processes Of hand and
loom weaving, drawing and artistic de-
signing, the dyeiug of fabrics and printing
of calicoes. ltoccupies immense build
ings erected by the municipality, the fur
nishing and apparatus having been sup
piled by the State. There are at pres
ent 800 pupils. The day pupils pay
small fee, but the evening instruction is
free. The drawing and designing de-
partments are particularly noteworthy.
Original drawing is first taught, and
afterward its application to the works
intended for the loom. A collection Of
the best casts from the sculptures Of
the Royal Museum in Vienna furnish
models for the Students. An extensive
art library, to " !'Ich is added every
important new work, adds much to the
value of the department..
A novel feature Of the desi"~o ;nc work
is the d.ptation Of rir..ural flowers fol
des'ceas for textile fabrics. This course
segins abort the lst of May, and the
flowers are supplied from the
pubic gardens of the city. They
Ere used as copies to be treat
ed separately or in groups, according
to the colors and materials selected by
qualified professors. The English COM
missioners who visited this school give
an extended report Of its organization
and workings, from which the follow
ing is taken: I'VE saw a number Of
advanced students, all of whom were
said to be practically familiar with the
loom, engaged in dissecting patterns IL
cloth as a class exercise. A small pat
tern had been given to each, and thu
pupils were required to copy the design
dissect the cloth, thread by thread, so a.
to ascertain the nature and quality
of the material employed in It's con
struction. They were to estimate thu
counts Of the warp and welt, calcu
lating the quantity Of each required iol
the weaving of yard of the cloth anc
the cost per yard Of the finished piece
All kinds Of complicated patterns arr
given to the students, some containing
mixtures Of silk, mohair, wool, anC
cotton, and deliberately figured. Al
these calculations are taught by practi
: cal men, whose experience is founded
upon the commercial usages Of tn
foremost manufacturing establishments
not of Austria only, but also of Franc
| and England"
r Industrial art schools, as the nam
A.. implies, are schools where art is laugh
Q in application to vast number Of IN
2 dustries the principal departments ar
/, designing, modelling, wood-carying
a decorative painting, &c. The fines
{ schools of this kind are found at Mt
a Mich, Dresden, Nuremberg, Berlin, an
/, Vienna, where annual exhibitions an
/, the consequent competition, as well
the State patronage of certain art IL
Il dustries, have done much TO rails
e the schools to their present hig
81 standard of excellence. The Dire
,e den Art School is one of Il
, A.. a., E.rooa aod 20 ,ca;nta;nad h