davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21
A SANDER ON THE MONUMENT.
The Stability of the Structure CUES
toned Thirty.five Years Ago.

Though the strength of the foundation was not
questioned, in the early days of the monument
the statement was made that the marble FORM
ing the facing wanted strength and durability,
and would be crushed by its own weight
These reports, II was thought, did injury to the
cause of the Monument society. Tests were
made, and the results were announced in an
address issued from the Washington National
Monument Office November 9, 1850, by George
Watterston, the secretary, In which he said:
"a statement made by Prof. johnson, In a lee
ture delivered by him some twelve or fourteen
months ago, that the marble forming the ex-
terror facing of the great National Monument,
now building in the city of Washington, in
honor of the illustrious Father of his Country,
wanted strength and durability, and would be
crushed by its own superintendent weight, in
rect the error into which he had fallen, and in
Justice to the board of managers as well as to
arrest the mischiefit was calculated to produce,
to cause the strength of this marble 20 be accu-
rately tested by powerful hydrostatic press at
the Washington navy yard. A series of expert
ments were accordingly made under the direc-
ton of the superintendent of machinery at that
yard, and the architect of the monument, and
they reported, as the result Of these tests, that
the marble was equal in strength to the grantees
and that a base of LA inches, or one foot square,
would bear pressure of 100000 pounds before
lar weight Of a column of marble 500 feet high,
and that the atmospheric action on this ma
terial was only the fifteenth part Of one grain, or
New York. A repetition of the erroneous state
ment referred to having been recently made by
Mr.. johnson and noticed in distant papers
of this country, q circumstance which is operat-
Ing it is believed, to the injury of the patriotic
objects of the monument association, the board
ofmanagers, with view more fully to satisfy
the public mind as to the strength and dura-
bility of the marble objected to, ordered addi-
tional experiments to be made with the same
still more demonstrative of the absurdity of the
opinion entertained and promulgated by Mr..
Johnson"
Appended to this is q detailed statement by
VIM. w. Dougherty, superintendent Of the
monument, of the practical tests made together
with analyses of the stone by Professors Page
and Gale. Mr.. Dougherty declared that instead
of 500 feet, the monument could, If 1t were pos
sible to build it. be carried 200 feet high with
out any danger whatever OF the marble crush
ing under the weight. He said also he was con-
f1dent, from the manner in which the marble
was bound in with the main body Of the wall
which is gneiss rock, that a whole course Of the
marble casing, eighteen inches thick could be
taken out, and the edifice carried up to its full
height without endangering the safety Of the
work.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21

MENT OF THE BASE, &C.
ais 1t necessary to fill up Babcock lake imme-
diately TO insure the stability of the Washing.
ton monument" asked STAR reporter of Col
Casey the other day.
81 disposed of that subject in nv last renort ,,
said the colonel, with weary air. as If he bad
said and heard enough about the monument
II want to tell the readers of THE STAR a
little more about 1t, urged the reporter 1Aii
of them are interested in both the lake and
the monument"
"Weu,' said the colonel, resignedly. "in NV
opinion the lake should be filled as precat-
tionary measure, but 1t makes no difference tn
me whether 1t Is filled or not. MY work Is
finished, and have expressed my opinion IF
1t were filled, however, not thing would he
left .undone for the monuments protection
Then we could trust In Providence to pfotecf ~
from earthquakes, for nothing else could tOnnie
IL over. don't mean TO say that the existence
OF the lake endangers the stability of the mon
ument, for both might remain for ages: at the
same time 1t undoubtedly should be done away
with Tor precautionary reasons. The monn.
ment belongs to the government, and it can do
as 1t pleases, Of course. The pond IL valuable
for carp breeding and for q skating ground and
II these reasons outweigh the others, well and
good" VIZ. "n"
THE DANGER FROM THE LAKE
snow, I'll tell you," continued the colone,
'why think the existence Of the lake NAV
endanger the stability Of the monument. All
along during the construction of the latter ~
was observed that when any motion in the
structure took place, due to the addition of
weight, the two north corners were the first to
settle: Why should they settle first invariabiy
ana then the others follow? Simply because the
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21
SECTIONAL DIAGRAM OF THE MONUMENT
SHOWING METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING FOUNDATION.
qaE83@Gzs2so&SGs& s&aARE1&E@5

small. The standard is one-thousandth of q
foot-less than the width of a horse hair. By
ment of the monument. The standard is incon.
ceivably small and the movement impercepti-
BILE. The greatest settlement recorded is about
seven-thousandths of a foot, in 1879. It sounds
much larger than it Is. OF late years the settle
ment has been much less. For the past sixteen
moved, although we have watched It to the
thousandth part Of a foot The weight is over
$4,000 tons, and the structure contains enough
stones to cover the whole of the White lot, If
spread upon the ground. It stands firm, and all
that care about is to see everything possible
done to keep 1t firm"
THE BASE OF THE SHAFT
"How about the improvement Of the base7"
asked the reporter.
81 don't know anything about IT," was the
reply. "The whole matter is in the hands of
Congress. The construction Of the monument
was in no department of the government. It
came within the sole jurisdiction Of Congress. So
much was it considered outside the depart
ments that it was with the greatest difficulty
velopes. The Post Office department would not
put It on, and the only way got it there was to
put it on myself without authority. I have told
prove the base with marble wall, while the
cost for an earth terrace will only be about
SIG, 600; In my opinion, the latter is the
ment, would be much more effective. '-
leaning back in his office chair, "and am glad
OF 1t. No one knows how anxious I was to
complete the structure in time for dedication
this month. And yet, last summer even, there
was no certainty that it would be done. The
de h IN deiity n material scared us for a
everything. It would take them almost twice
as long to cut stone as necessary. I couldn't
help 1t. II put on the airs of q martinet q
strike might follow. In fact there were one or
two embryo strikes I had to give in right and
left, and be as easy and good natured as posi-
Die. 1t would have been dangerous to do other
avoided, but then there were innumerable dam
gers. The breaking Of q hook or the ruin OF q
stone might have delayed the work for another
season. But it's all over" with sigh Of relief
"If that monument, though, were my private
property I'd have Babcock lake filled up.h
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21
EGS89eaS3g9&929G8S

congreeate pressures on that side were reduced
by the falling away of the earth. The founda-
ton of the monument has been strengthened
and well strengthened, and is now able to sup
port the weight of the monument, and that Is
all. The foundation Is built right in a marsh,
The water stands several inches above the bot
tom OF that foundation, and the earth upon
which it stands is the finest sand imaginable
fine any ever used on writing paper. I'm
agine the pressure upon the stratum of earth on
which the foundation rests with the same di-
mansions as that foundation. 1t is something
enormous. Now, what prevents that section or
stratum from spreading out under this weight
and allowing the structure to settle? Simply
the weight of the earth which is contained
above line drawn from that stratum to the
surface at the angle at which the earth naturally
pendicular. You can catch the idea by recalling
the sdea OF bs cut Gu roll
reaches the natural angle. Very well, then. If
the weight of this earth is unequal the stratum
direction of the least weight. That is exactly
the case II the lake Is allowed to remain. 1t has
the effect OF lessening the pressure on that side
line, If drawn to the surface, through part of
the lake, showing an inequality. of pressure,
part of the lake. Besides, have always noticed
when the water is drawn off that there are a
Of Springs II forth from the
springs, which have their origin in the vicinity
Of the monument, from gradually drawing
fine sand from beneath the monument and al
lowing the structure to settle. These two closely
allied reasons led me to recommend that the
lake be filled. haven't an idea that the monu-
ment will fall II 1t does fall, and from natural
causes, 1t will not take q sudden tumble, but
will be
YEARS In TOPPING OVER.
There will have to be some gradual undermin-
ing, similar to the possibilities suggested. II
these possibilities are done away with there is
no reason for ALARM"
"How much has the monument settted?n
asked the reporter
"Only about four inches" was the reply, "and
the settlement has been equal all round. We
have Kept record Of the daily movement or
settlement of each corner since the foundation
was strengthened. AS said, the north corners
have always started first, and the Others fol-
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21
18th July, 1S4S.
James K Polk

This Cornerstone Laid of Monument
By the People of the United States, to the
Memory of George Washington.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21
Total weight
S1.12O tons

II Is calculated that the pressure upon the bed
OF the foundation nowhere exceeds nine tons
per square foot, and is less than three tons per
square foot near the outer edges OF the founda-
tion- The shaft as prOpOrtioned, both In d.
mansions and weight, is entirely stable as
against winds that would exert a pressure of
one hundred pounds or more per square foot
upon any face of the structure
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21

The work accomplished in securing the foun-
cation seems entirely practicable now but at
the time 1t WA commenced many people re-
garded 1t as toolhardy undertaking. No one
doubted but that II such a foundation as was
proposed could be sunk under the shaft that
the structure would be rendered stable The
RIoolem was how TO get IL under the shaft
x1i me plan adopted by Col. Casey, and success
ioAy carried out, was to introduce the masonry
"a three vertical layers about four feet in width
SSa.sslhg nrst tunneled under the structure with
Sai.s Oh the same width and Of the required
aetsns ana length. These layers were con-
necteo With each other by dowel stones set in
nana, ices aaees as the work progressed and with
Panei expressions In the alternate layers into
Mnich tne Intermediate layers were nodded.
fogtland cs1 used In these layers was strong
distance Just under the old foundation. where
ruSHas IN masonry was forced in and wedged up
nels described were excavated Ina pairs on onnc.
1te sides OF the monument in such a wav hat
the strain was equalized. During the conrse OF
ne work the monument sunk a little hnt ovr
tnG 70 the precautions taken, IL practicaliy set.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21
THE DANGER FROM THE LAKE
Why Col. Casey Wants the Carr Pond
Filled Up.

THE SLIGHT MOVEMENTS OF THE STRUCTURE
ALWAYS NOTICEABLE ON THE NORTH SIDE
THE ENGINEERS VIEWS AS TO THE IMPROVE.
MENT OF THE BASE, &C.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-02-21

H.
President Of the United States and Ex-Oficio
es i1s R Of the B2aE Tis Of Managers
Vice President
j. B. III. Smith, Treasurer.
George WatterstOn, Secretary.
Then followed the names of the board of man.
ayers, the building committee, the committee
OF arrangements and the architect:
A long list of documents in print and manu-.
script were placed in the recess of the stone be-
sides seventy-one newspapers and copies Of
The Washington press was represented by
copies of the National Intelligencer, the Union
the National Era and the Saturday Evening
NetOs all journals which have passed out of ex-
stone was Description Of the Magnetic Te e
rotype process, by John s. Grub, Of Aiexa Sl
dria Va together With likenesses
process called electrotype, which was in those
days considered q marvel.
SETTING THE CAPsToNE.
The actual completion of the shaft, which
was dedicated to-day, was celebrated with due
Of December last. Two o'clock that day was
the hour fixed by Col. Casey for set
ting the capstone, and he carried out the
withstanding the fact that perfect
gale was blowing at the time. Thousands Of
a1d Of the
of the monument. The naked eye could see
only black, diminutive objects moving about
on the scaffolding and platforms erected about
the pyramidion. The topmost platform was
$50 feet from the ground. The only persons
who were admitted to this lofty place were Col.
T. L. Casey, the engineer officer In charge; Capt.
Davis and Mr.. Bernard r. Green, his assistants;
p. II. Mclaughlin, the superintendent of the
work Of constructing the monument; Dennis
the rigger; Edward Wayson, the elevator con.
ductor, and Louis O'Brien, the colored man
whose name goes down TO history as the man
who mixed all the cement used In setting the
stones Of the monument since the work was re-
sumed.
On the larger piatiorm; twenty ieeE Deiow,
King, DR.. ]. NJ. Toner and DR.. Daniel B. Clarke,
of the Monument society, ex-Mayor Emory, Mr..
Harvey, secretary of the joint Monument COM
mission, the draughtsmen and clerks Of the
Monument Office and several representatives of
the press. Each Of the persons on the upper
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25
E1RE AT SEA.

In a bsttle picked Up At Cape Flat
ssry BY the Indians, and brought Z
foFt Townsend by Captain Schofield
vas found q slip Of paper On which ths
foilouing memoranda was written:
i" Pacific Ocean, Lat. n. AZ SeQ. l.
tatn. south l33 deg. Sept. IA, 1881, 6ss
q N Ship Oily ymHus, Captain Edwards
tlosnd from San Francisco to Page,
Sound, on 6re twenty six souls on
board. God help rs.
lSigredl G. c. PH1SNEY.-
Referring to the above, ve may state
that the crew Of the Olympus vss
PICKED up by the War Hawk, Captain
Hzines, and safely landed at Port Dis
spvery. and that @. G. Phinney, Who
saved his valise With the celebrated re-
clpe Of the Swamp Angels Rheunasic
Cure, the only known sure cure for
rheumatism IN all its forms, is alive and
siell, and Is ready and willing to for.
fsat i've hundred dollars to any ose tax.
lag swamp Angels Rheunatio Cure,
sl'csrdine 70 directions, Who is not
cured. although be has sold the
recipe" to the 8. A. 4. G.
n Manufacturing Company, of Seattle,
Washington Territory, Who, on receipt
OF enc dollar, will send bottle Of their
uledicine 81 you, express paid, il you
cannot obtain it Of your druegist. dv
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25
rHE PosTIKTEllIcEncEa PUB. CO


EDrroR Posf- -INrELLIaExoKn
Perhaps q word from here would be
Of interest TO your readers We have
good news TO tell the vorkinQmen Of
Washinetoa- Mr.. Jones has discharged
al the Chinamen from the Black Dia-
nond works. and nov II is all white
Abor here, and We are sure that the CON-
any will perceive the difference in the
cage.
Coel is being taken out very fast fron
both OF the coupany's sections also
from the Franklia mine.
There 10 q Northern PaciRo Railroad
nF7eyinR party running . preliminary
line for branch from the south side OF
The franklin claim TO connect with the
Northern Pacific Railroad at Deep Lake,
or Headquarters. The csal experts re-
esntly sent here from the East 10 exam
inc shs coal region near the line of the
Northern Pacific Railroad, have all
aeresd (six in number) that there IL no
vein Of coal worth opening on the soush
sds Of Green river above the Franklin
vein, and 90 the company IN. T. Il. R.
hes concluded net to open any Of their
sections above that place, bat the nev
branch road nov being surveyed will
give an outlet to several Of their claims.
There are bat few white men in Black
Diamond or Franklin idle. and all are
fssling jubilsnt over the fiiRht Of the
hsathsu Chinse." J.. W.
BLACK DIAMosD. Sept. %. 1885.
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25
A CARD.
RprroE Posr- -INrxLLIaKroKR:

EprroE Posi- -INrKLLIoKsoER:
A local In today's Issue Of your paper
ses1ss that Mr.. Walker said that The
assnt Who waited on Captain Renton 70
sss about the discharge Of Ohinamen
vas sent by the Citizens Executive
Committee. Nov ~ Il might be in
fsrYed from that statement that the
Executive Committee has been taking
action that does not belong TO its funo
tons, will state that the Committee
hes sent no agent on such mission.
bot simply to post notices and other
wise inform the workinsmen 20 elect
ihsis deleQstes 10 the Convention called
for The 18Th instant. Respectfully,
GRo. VKNABLx SMIrH.
Chairnan of the Committee.
HKArrLE, Sept. -.
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25
TEE CREENLANDERs.

A census has recently besu taken oi
the population Of Danish Greenland
which includes nearly 1000 milss Of the
west coast. IL is found that Denmarl
numbers among her subjects about 10.
GO Esquimaux. Of whom 1400 are half
breeds, the descendants Of European
fathers and EsQuimaux msthers. The
census report gives q very favorable 40
count Of the industry and progress OF
shess natives Of Gfeeland.
they have not come in contact with
some Woes of the eivilized races that
often disastrously Affect savage peoples
The Danish 9overnment does not per
init the sale among them Of alcohoiic
liquors. They and their Danish neigh
bors dwell harmeniously together, and
a. . rule. the EsQuinaux welcome
schools aad teachers, and are glad to
learn and practice the ways of civilixs-
tion. At Godthsab, the capital Of West
Greenland, books are printed ky the Es-
quimaux. Some of thsse books are IL
Illustrated With very fair voodcuts, made
BY native enRravers. They have pub
lished An interesting collection Of the
traditions Of their people. They are
fond OF the study Of GEOGRAPHY, and arc
apt pupils in music. The hall breeds
generally have light hair and syes. and
the Esqaimaux type 10 gradually e6aeed
in their dsscendants. Theos Esuui-
maux are geographically the most east
efn Of the three EsQuimsux Rroupa
The natives Of East GfesalAnd shov nc
evidence In thsir language or appear
anoe Of rslationship With the Esqui.
maux. The 800 natives Of Labrados
are olassed with their brethren Of West
Greenland. Then come the Western
Esqoimaox, Who include quite q sumbel
Of tribes living between Hudson Bay
end HshrinG straits, Tbs Tchootcnes
0ho live . the shores Of the Arctic
Ocean, half way across Siberia, are The
third branch Of the Esquiwsux family,
Of which the Greenland group alone ID
veil known aad partly civilissd.
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25

4 FINE SMr.--Capsain Waterhouss,
q ~ chip b. y. Packard. vhish - nov
issafna wheat q TaconA fos oork,
va 10 Seattle yesterday. In spsakine
q his ship the captain said: The
raseard 10 6ns vessel. In facs one Of
- largest and best that ever saue iato
reeel Sound. She was bailt - hath,
Aaine. By Co.'S, sawysr . FAehasd, and
esAehed IN Novenbee. 1S6& - vaa
ened and bnilt fos the Cslfcrnia
! earrying trade. Hsr dimsn.ioos
oN fsst kssl, . fssk depsA & heed
test beam, and ID Z three 0eeess,
eas stsei lower Uaats and Poaee
- Or deeks and seass. 0hs = estsd
a s,sAn hoissing engine ard eou
- Her reQissss 10 S08.G tou1
~ see carries $3.50 tone Of vheaA She
onedine for Oork, has b 800 tuos ol
= Monday"
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25

We are going away, and on wednes.
asy, september I'd, oor entire stock Of
watches Clocks, Jevelry, Diamonds,
silver and silver plated Ware, Pianos
And OrR.ps, Stools, Music Books, vio-
lins, banJoa, Guitars and small mssical
FOODS viii be offered at public auction.
nese goods most be sold, and il II one
snasce IN q thousand TO secure great
2,arR9sns krNRALL 4 Sos,
Jewelers. and Opticians, Frye's Opera
MOOSE auT DIV
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25

The remarkable workmanship Of the
Tarsars ID prsvsrbial. Their fsvorite
weapon 10 long. carved cimetar, quite
made Of the dnest steel, richly Alloyed
With silver, and . svosd becomes an
heirloom In . family AAd desssnds 10
the hrst-born % long - ~ family ex
ises. Whsa The iase Psprsssatativs Of .
rass dies his sword. which may have
come down 70 him thro19h hundred
eenegatisns, 10 broken and buried With
him. Ths blades Of ~ vsapsn. which
sss beaten out % an oayx se0Qs anvil
= the ancient 4ogsl aty of TagesAin.-
y, (the Holy plses) sss vesy TIN. and
sAs vondssfll fsats perfos0sa With
them are as1ooishiua.
Onos vhsn Rsbo, ths eoosin Of ths
0reas Mogul. vas saaeht in reosllioa,
~ a1ss1sioa vAa ssosfsd. Ths oesl
ukiiifui sVoedsman q the Empirs Uaa
prsvidsd for The bsAsadina. ord ths
Great Moeul aud his ee1Ss eaDs0olsd b
80 IL, Dos Q sscood ths kssn Taxtal
blado flashed In ths snnliehA end thsa
dsssonaod upoa ths bare nssk ef Reeo,
vho ssoed upright b rsesivs ~ stroks.
Ths sharp s6ssl pas.sd thFooGA ~ W.
tsbeAe, nasclea and oegAna cf ~ eeck,
hss o swim vaa u 6lov and % kssn
- h1n1s that the head ID moi tall. boi
k6u1 - enact position, and nj Q vital
sesAn vas disturbed. IN surprise ths
Great Mogal exclAiuned,
ewhss. Roeo. art thoa not bshsad.
s6r
sMy Lord, I am" rsplisd Robo; :" boi
. ioaeus ] kesp ny balance right M
hsad vill not fall s9.S
Ths Great Aogal vas % plsassd with
u dsfsnsn of tAs sxssatiooer tAat b
o1dsss1 . bandaas - b I'D on, aaf
npbo suesdily rseoyersa He af,sFva.t
6soams ; loyal sabjssA, aDd - nd
Cashise Of he Empfss. bssasss. - "
Great Noanl remarked,
He knsvs that II - kssps hs bel
anoss right his hsad vii 1oe come o1.
Is b ons Of hos eQrio0s ssrsps d
history thAs ass efssn ovsriooksd.
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25

A DnuxrnKD Innrncros.-Ysuserda
morning Z aeuliouan haeded - Nd
q Rfiea, fnspeo1or Of Castoma q tklg
ppn2, = istter frem Oolleotee Beeo1os
8 Port Townsend. steting thnt ~
bearer Of the letter, Ms. Eliieott would
relieve Mr.. Price as Inspector oe Gus
toala Mr.. Price Was somewhat aston.
ished, but with his customary grace aud
dignity surrendered the papers, bseks.
80, together With the insignia Of his
onos, the Inspectors badge, and re-
tired. Mr.. Eilicott, the new Inspector.
Aad bean Appointed 10 an inspsotorship
= esatsle. bat the Secretary OF the
1ssanufy had refused 70 confirm the
appointment, a. the Department did
nce desire TO increase the force Of Cos
IONS ofhcers Ia thia district. 30. Mr..
Ellicott has becn appoineed 20 the Ia
somA ofiice. Mr.. Pfios haa bsen an In
psesor Of Customs for thirteen years
pa. Daring that time he has been
Stationed at varioas places on the
bsand, and has proved An ef1sient and
careful officer. He b entirely Ignorant
q the cause for his removal. Mr..
Pssoss many friends vill regret 70 heai
q his depositien from ebcA HI
Puss will undoubtedly remain tu Taco-
n for some time yet. ~ b hAs uad<
- home here for several yeass pss&-
faeoua Woes.
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25

GaEAT BARGAINS IN FuKNrruRK.-The
sdnsignmcnt Of elegant walnut furni-
70 70 shipped to the Po0et Sound Furni-
tare Company has been secured BY us,
dstivered here, at less than factory
prices, and In disposinR Of this fine lot
OF goods We will share our bargain with
oqr customers. Our prices are 25 per
oent. lower than any house In town.
We still have Q portion of Phillips
bfothers' stock of stoves on hand.
Pullman 4 WRIoRT, Cherry ct. se22
Seattle daily post-intelligencer. [volume] (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) 1881-1888, 1885-09-25

The Sun Chop Tea 10 having Q con.
staIntiy growing sale. Its fine quality
.pS,.:.isd n.2d.!n and sns d:%sSs ,:as9s fof
parted and sold emily BY O. p. Stone.