Thomas County cat. [volume] (Colby, Kan.) 1885-1891, 1885-04-23
THE FORCES BENEATH Us.
The Phenomena of Volcanoes and
Earthquakes.

Earthquakes.
The intensity of the snbterranean
forces over any given area of the earth's
surface is in constant state of ebb and
flow, now rising to a flood of great
power, now ebbing into long period
of quiescence, and then again gathering
force for new and awful manifesto.
ton of energy. 1t would seem that the
volcanic forces of Southern Eerope are
again approaching a period of maxi
mum intensity. But SO recently as the
summer of 1888, the beautiful little
island of Ischia was convulsed by earth
quake shocks. 1t was the season of the
year when all was at its gayest and
brightest, the little capital being filled
by the m any Neapolitans and Romans
who find it so delightful retreat in
summer. On a bril- ht July evening,
when all were sitting out in the clear.
calm air, under a cloudless sky. there
came a sudden earth-throe. and in a
few seconds the charmin 2 town of Casa
micciOla was a shapeleSs heap of ruins !;
whilst the other small towns which dot
the little island shared in less degree
the same fate. Only two years before
another shock had been experienced
over the same area. but the earthquake
of 1888 was of much greater intensity
than that which preceded it.
1t is but few months, too, since the
subterranean forces seemed to threaten
an outbreak in our own country, mani
Testing their gathering energy by a
slight earthtremor in Suffolk; and now
Spain has been the scene of their awful
activity. On Christmas night last, the
inhabitants of Madrid were thrown into
state of alarm by two slight vibra-
tions. On the same evening more
violent earthquakes occurred in the
provinces of Andalusia, Malaga and
Granada. In the town of the latter
name the whole population, we are
told, fearing repetition of the shocks.
camped out in squares and other open
places. On the morning of the Goth
three severe shocks We're felt at Gran
ada; whilst at Torrox, in the same
province, several yet more violent
shocks were experienced later in the
same day. The greater part of the
Albania has been Overthrown. more
than half the inhabitants of Albunuelas
killed, and the cathedrals of Seville and
Granada seriously damaged. Each day
the provinces of Granada and Malaga
were shaken by fresh earth-throes, and
the loss of life has been very great The
subterranean forces augmented in in
tensity daily, reaching maximum on
December 81, when a more severe shock
than any experienced previously was
felt at Granada. that being the tenth
which up to that date had occurred
there. The inhabitants were panic
stricken; thousands fled from their
homes; those who remained paced the
streets in religious professions. headed
by their priests. imploring the Divine
clemency. From this date the shocks
were less violent in character, although
a severe one shook Albania on January
II, and they have now happily
altogether ceased. About the same
time. an earthquake seems to have been
experienced at sea. the Captain of
Cadiz bark reporting a shock. accom-
panied by loud roaring noise. on
December Is, when he was not long
out of Cadiz. seven days. however. be-
fore the firri shocks were experienced
In the Spanish provinces.
Often in the worlds history must
Spain have been the field of volcanic
activity. rs her crumbling caves remain
to attest. and it was in this corner of
Europe that the greatest manifestation
OF subterranean energy in modern times
occurred. The story of the earthquake
which one hundred and thirty years ago
DESTROYED Lisbon is a familiar one
Then. as in the case of the present
the inhabitants do not
to have had any warning of the
coming danger; but suddenly noise
like the rolling of thunder was heard
this being followed inn
me<;,ately by tremendous shock. which
threw down the greater part of the city.
and in the course of few minutes sixty !
hoasand persons persisted. The sea
'lrst retired. and then rose to a height !
of hfty feet above its ordinary level; and |
ihe new quay just completed. on which |
he people had collected for safety. |
sank with all its human freight: and |
Where it had stood. there was after
wards found to be one hundred fathoms |
of water, if, indeed. as some accounts |
say. the sea was not there unfathom- |
able. The effects of this earthquake |
were felt over so large region that it |
has oeen calculated a portion of the |
earth IS surface equal to four times the /
area OF Europe was included within its
range. From the West Indies and the
great inland lakes of Canada it extended /
its range to our own country. to Sweden. |