St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-06-25
tary, together with collection of photo
graphs of the exhibit.


PROF. PORTER
was the next speaker. He began by compli-
menting Mr. Gibbs efforts at the exposi-
ton. The fact that we have been able to
''scoop'in the premiums is due to Mr.. Gibbs,
Prof. Porter explained how Minnesota cap
tured the premiums on apples. The fruit
was kept in cold storage for two months, or
until the last day on which it could be
placed on the tables. Then the 200 bushels
of sound, bright fruit was massed upon the
table, while the apples from all the other
states had withered and become worthless.
He spoke OF the growth of creamerieS. he
said that three years ago One-half OF the
butter consumed in Minnesota was made in
the East, but in 1884 80, 600 pounds of Min
nesOta butter was exported. Another
thing in which Minnesota stood head and
shoulders above all other states was the ed
ucatiOnal interests
PROF. BUDD.
CT. Smith presented resolution, which,
being seconded by Prof. Porter in an elab-
crate address, enlarging upon the work OF
Prof. Budd in obtaining trees, Of his visit
ing Russia and bringing back fine
collections of scions cut from trees and
shrubs in that country, propagating them
on the experimental farm in Iowa. He
has promised to send to Minnesota samples
of the most successful varieties. Prof.
Porter had secured a complete collection
and they are nearly all now in a fine grow
ing condition.
THE FOLLOWING IS THE RESOLUTION:
Resolved, That it is the sense of this society
that Prof. ]. L. Budd is doing a good work
for the horticultural interests Of the North
west.
Resolved, That we respectfully ask the
commissioner of agriculture, Norman j. COL
man, to render such assistance to Prof. Budd
as is necessary to secure to the people or the
Northwest the full benefits of his works.
Resolved, That copy of these resolutions
be forwarded to the commissioner OF agrl-
culture and to Prof. Budd.
The secretary here read several letters
and communications, which were given
proper reference.
APPLE FUNGI.
A Few Common Apple Fungi was the
caption of an interesting paper contributed
by William TreleaSe. AS an introduction
he said: In preparing paper to be read
at a popular convention like this I have as
sumed that the most satisfactory result will
be reached, not by giving an extensive ac-
count of one or more injurious species, but
by speaking in general terms of a few forms
which are so abundant as to attract general
attention, without, however, going beyond
the comprehension of ordinary observers"
The eSSayist then mentioned, in a rambling
way, the various parasites which the hOrti-
culturist has to contend with, and then,
reaching the theme of the paper, he said:
The word fungus, as properly used, in
dicates plant of low organization, having
nothing that can be compared with the
leaves and trunk of Towering plant and
entirely destitute of the green coloring
matter, to which the higher plants and, in
deed, many of the lower plants
as well owe their leaf green color.
One Of the commonest groups of fungi is
that which includes the puff ball and toad
stools, and from what has been said it will
be seen why these growths are found in
well-manured pastures or rotten wood, and
in other places where organic matter is
going to decay. More of these plants are
found in dead or decaying substances, but
there are unfortunately few exceptions to
this general rule. / say unfortunately be-
cause the only alternative is for them to
grow on living matter, either vegetable or
animal A common sight in old orchards,
too common wherever the apple is grown, is
the heart rot of trees, which, usually start
ing from some unhealed pruning wound
insidiously eats into the very center of the
tree, up and down, until the once solid
trunk is but shell filled with powder,
ready to fall before puff of wind that
would once scarcely have stirred its larger
branches. This is the work of
the slow but sure growth of
fungus which ordinarily carries on
destructive work within the tree for years
before it can be seen by the naked eye.
How it lives may be shown by comparison
with the well-known process of cultivating
mushrooms. in which, after suitable bed of
compost is made, bits of spawn are set as
seed. To the eye this spawn is nothing but
turf or manure, traversed by few mouldy
threads, but from it the leaves, which are
the organs of the mushroom, spread into
every part of the bed, working over the
crude dead manure until it is transformed
into part of their own substance when
they suddenly develop the growth that we
prize for our tables. So, when a branch is
cut from an apple tree, and the wound fails
to heal over, spare or reproduction cell,
exceedingly minute, falls upon the wound
and develops a myclinum in the healthy
effected its work of destruction.
but one very unlike the toadstools, is that
which has attracted much attention of late
years as the scab or leaf mildew. To sus-
tain its own life it needs the nutritious sub
stances taken up by the leaves, nor does it
hesitate to fully take them, leaving the
twigs weakened to make a spindling,
Sickly growth if they succeed in growing at
all. The gnarled.. cracked and blackened
snow apples that alone can be raised in many
localities, testified with equal force to the
destructive power of the same parasite
when it seats itself upon the young fruit.
Many orchards are affected by a white mil
dew that appears on the young boughS or
more especially ON the twigs. Apple mil
dew is more injurious than many of its rel
ativeS, hence it does not cOnfine its attacks
mainly or entirely to the boughs but settles
at once on the twigS, which dWindle and
die under its baneful influence. Like the
other true mildews this forms its snowy
spores during the open season. their place
being taken as winter approaches by an
other sort of point visible to the naked eye
in which spores are formed, capable of sur
viving the winter and prOpagating the dis
ease the following spring. Accurate ObSer-
vations on this pOrastle and its work and
the result of experiments with sulphur
properly made, kerosene evulsions and Other
substances destructive to it are much to be
desired.
CULTIvATING STRAWBERRIES.
Mr.. Pearce read paper on the cultiva-
ton of strawberries, from which the follow
ing is taken: We know of nothing more
reliable or early grown than the strawberry.
and no crop in our estimation gives better
profit to the grower. The cost of planting
one acre of good corn ground, 80; harrow
ing, IS cents; 1000 good strawberry plants,
$50; planting them out with line three
and one-half feet one way and fifteen inches
the other So; cultivating and hoeing them
during the summer, $12; mulching very
lightly in the winter on top of the snow
IL