Daily Republican., 1885-12-21
Political P.r,le. I'm In. United

Political Parties I'm the United
States.
Written for the REPUBLICAN by jos. Osborne.
Party lines were not clearly drawn
until the beginning of the Revolution
AIRY war, when the question arose on
what terms the colonies should con.
tinue their relations with England.
WING PARTY.
Wing and Tory then became the re-
speotive party designations, after fac
lions which bore these applications in
England. The former wished to remain
oolonists with guaranteed rights, while
the latter were willing TO continue that
relation under such dispensation as
the crown saw At to extend. The
Whigs, early In 1915, took advanced
ground, and advocated absolute sepa
ration from Great Britain, while the
Tories held to royal allegiance. Step
by step this progressive party moved
saw beyond the clouds of British sub.
lection, and or the 7th of june 1t
moved, In Congress, the resolution of
separation, and on the 4th of July fol-
10 wing the Declaration Of Independence
was adopted. The Wings fought for
cause ~ righteous a. any which ever
arrayed men In combat, and after years
of struggle they won o victory which
the prophetic patriots could not then
compass, and which, more than cen.
tury later, 10 without . boundary line
Toe Wing party fulfilled the mission
for which 1t was organized, and in 1881
ceased TO exist.
TORY PARTY.
The Tory party was composed Of the
timid and conservative. who feared the
re myth of England, and who had mir
givings of the ultimate success Of the
pa riots-a large professional class de-
pendent upon royal landholders aud all
the royal officers. The party died with
the Revolution in 1888, when its men,
hers, such as had not been quito death,
banished, exlled or transported, or had
not abandoned the United States, COM
mingled with the Wings. When the
issues of the Revolution were substan.
TALLY settled, the Wing party, the only
~ to the best means OF establishing q
! National government. One faction,
Gale P Lrticularists. held that State
, government should be supreme, while
the other, styled Strong governmer
mon, maintained that local self gov.
ernm snt was inadequate to meet the
public service, which could only be
controlled through central power -
From discussion of these q questions, as
to the best basis for government of the
i United States, developed the Federal
and anti. Federal parties In 1887.
FEDERAL PARTY.
The Federal party advocated Q Con.
Istitution, and the anti. Federal party q
Confederation. The condition OF the
country at this period, with threatened
lanarchy and civil war, gave strength
to the measure advocated by the FEEDER
alists, and by the adoption of the Con
, stitution In 1878 they won their frs
party victory. They developed into
broad Constructionists, desiring to in
terpret the Constitution in such 9
, manner as would invest tie Fedora
Government with the greatest amount
!. Iof power. The Federal party was II
4 the minority until the election of Wash
. ington to the Presidency, when tn
prestige of his name gave 1t numerical
strength, and the reins of government
passed into his hands. As party tn
Federalists maintained an existence TO
nearly thirty three years, during whicl
| time It settled the form Of government
q under the Constitution, elected ant
: controlled the Administration of Wash
o ington during two terms, and of Adam
, during one term. The election, in 1900
/. broke the sceptre of Federal power, An
4 for twenty years thereafter, when IL
1 members commingled with the Rspub
licans.
ANTI FEDERAL PARTY.
III The anti Federalists, formerly know
as Particularists, were the dominar
faction until the adoption of the Cor
stitution. This name they were give
q by their opponents, because they OF
lposed a Federal government under th
J, Constitution. When that measure wa
!. adopted the anti Federalists becam
close Constructionists, desiring to in
Iterpret the Constitution in its moi
liberal sense.
I'll DEMOCRATIC PARTY.
In 1789-90 the Constitution ha
: gained such popularity that the m
!, Inority withdrew all opposition, an
iviei with Its founders In promoting
Ibenefcent objects. They claimed to /
!, the true friends Of Republican govern
q ment and the advocates of populs
institutions, and rejected, as inappr
pirate, the anti Federal name, an
9 assumed the title!.of Democratic Repul
m lican. In 1891 the name " Democratic
il was generally dropped, and the organ
cation, . direct outgrowth from IL
anti Federal party, was known as Il
M Republican party. The Republican
n existence from 1901 until 1928. IL Of
al waited Thomas Jefferson to the Vic
~ Presidency In 1T96 promoted him
~ the Presidency In 1900, re- elected hi
ID in 1904; chose Madison as his suoce
m sor In 1908; elected Madison In 1915
ve elected and supported Monroe tw
esr terms, and selected j ohm Quincy Adam
a. as his successor In 1924. From 1917
n 1928 this org snization WAS substan tial
IN the only party in existence, 1t havir
3 absorbed the last OF the Federalists
# the close of the campaign In 1920.
CLINToNIAN PARTY.
In 1912 q faction broke out In Il
Republican party. which opposed Il
DO monopoly which Virginia had acquir,
y. in supplying executive officers, ar
Z. to the caucus syetem, which disfral
ie chised the people from selectir
nv candidates., and who were dissatisfi,
with the foreign policy Of the admi
istration. This movement WAS led |
Z. Dewitt Clinton, and his supporte
.Iwere called Olintonians. This el
Il ment returned to the Republican 70
- 10 1915
|. PEACE PARTY.
Il The peace party came from the RAM
of the Federalists in 1872 The
: osteusible aim WAS for the purpose
instillipg in the minds of the Peep