davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

A type-setting machine has been invented
with an automatic spacing attachment.
The Royal society of London have ordered
made Photographic aus' Of the stars Of the
southern hemisphere.
Ninety-nine photographs of the late eclipse
of the sun We're taken at the Naval Ob5crya-
tory at Washington.
a language club, which promises to be of
some use, has been organized by some learned
gentlemen of New York and vicinity. Its
objccy is the preservation of the purity Of the
English language.
In Brazil physicians are vaccinating against
yellow fever. The experiment has been tried
on 800 persons, every one of whom has thus
far escaped the infection. The patients are
inoculated with an attenuatad yellow fever
virus.
A new porcelain, superior to the famous
Sevres, and Identical with that of China,
lending itself 10 artistic decoration and
taking all kind, of glazes, has been produced,
after ten years experiment, by NJ. l.auth, ot
Sevrcs.
Frederick Hinkel, German consul at Chi
Cago, died there of consumption recently. He
requested that his body should be burned 1t
was accordingly sent to the crematorium at
Lancaster, Pa. 1t was reduced to ashes in
an hour.
The Dutch government have issued the first
part of their official report of the Kratoa
eruption. 1t deals with the history of the
island prior to the occurrence and the events
Of the catastrophe itself. The second part
will deal with the scientific results of the i'll
vestigation
The Royal Academy Of Turin announces
the foundation of a prize of the value OF
T., 0O0f for the most useful and striking dis
covery in anatomy, physiology, pathology,
the exact sciences geography, or statistics
effected from 1883 to Dec. 81, 1856. The
members of the academy itself are not elig-
Idle for the prize
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
SCIENCE =.5RoG2BSS
kilinnaninro.

Mr.. II. II. Johnston was sent to Africa last
sring by the Royal Geographical society 10
study the fora and fauna Of Mount kiliman-
iaro. He describes the climate of its south
ern slopes as that of Devonshire summer
AT height of II ,0O0feet he built village of
huts for his followers. They We're so suscep-
tible TO cold that nothing would induce them
to accompany him above l4,OOO feet He
reached height OF Ii, 200 feet, but could not
gain the summit. He found warm springs
at height of 1900 feet, and buffaloes
and elephants climb the mountain side to
that elevation. Very few plants. grow near
tie snow line, though vegetation thrives with
tropical luxuriance 5000 or 1000 feet below.
Birds are very rare above 10000 feet and
very abundant below. Many natives live or
.he mountain slopes to a height of 5000 feet.
They are very fond of trade and sold John
ston plenty of provisions at cheap rates He
says this is one of the most beautiful and in
teresting regions in the world and he would
not have lett it so soon had not bis funds
given out. He brought home large collec-
tlDuS.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
FASHiONLETS.

&moug the now colors is Aiio'n",. which
is the deepest shade OF cream color
The most correct glove for the promenade
i, one that matches the costume triilr
darker, If possible.
There is fashion in charity II, in everything
else The latest style is to give breakfasts to
unemployed wOr>ngmen.
Real palms are now used 10 decorate the
churches in profusion on Palm Sunday, which
i, the Sunday before Easter. Piece, Of them
are given to members OF the congregation.
The long. waving branches maxi graceful
ornaments after the day has passed..
The word "pantaloons' is taboood in high
life Don't call 'cm that rs you value your
gpntlitv. And to say pants J., still worse.
II is vulgaity only second t. eating with
yuur knife. Call them "trou5cr, ur b. dis
missed from fashionable society.
The most beautiful fans exhibit a combina-
! ton of -ili embroidery with lin" painting on
the SIX or satin cover There are delicate
| fans Of finest silk gauza, hand. painted and
embroidered There are also artistic and
costly fans decorated by French and German
artist. a 'ter the style Of Watteau Greuze,
| Boucher and others
| Colored cheesa-Cloth VIII make inexpensive
| dresses for pcnics aud small evenings, for,
| trimmed With inexpensive lace and bright
| ribbons. those dresses show Tut little differ
enre between them and the more expensive
yelling Heiotrope, pale yellow, blue and
green are found among the new tints in
the cotton yelling, newly christened from
| rh-rs,.-Cloth
| A pretty cover for the piano sto? is made
Of square Of felt. 1t should have fringe
around the edge, either sewed on or made by
S.ashing the edge Of the felt The Ornamental
| ton is of vel.ct ribbon, put on IN lines q
form squares; the ends should he painted
and the edges Of the velvet may bc fastened
down with fancy stitches in bright embroidery
! silk Or border Of satin ribbon may b
put on; put square Of the ribbon in each
corner, and then plain strip Of the ribbon
with the ends pointed where they join the
| squares. This, too. may lie mad way orua
! mental by the addition oil embroidery.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

About all epidemic aud contagious diseases
are now believed to come from microscopic
germs or spores that arise out of the earth,
or live and float through the atmosphere
These fasten themselves upon various parts
Of the human body, and decline and death
follow Whether these organisms are animal
on vegetable is disputed point Prevailing
authorities perhaps assign them the animal
existence. But whatever they are, they
swarm everywhere. They are found in num-
hers in human saliva in itsnolmal state. The
discharges from the throat in pneumonia con-
tain bacillus, or microscopic organism pecu-
liar to this disease The samcis true of typhoid
fever There is also a hydrophoba bacillus.
Space and matter are inhabited by teeming
millions Invisible to the ordinary human eye.
The cholera has Likewise its own peculiar
germ or spo"c. 1t is found in myriad
swarnls along the intostnes of persons who
have died If this Scourge. 1t IS also found III
waters and in the earth during cholera
epidemic, This creature is to be seen in the
illustration. II i, hc"e naEn.tiod 300 times.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

1t is called the comma bacillus from ITS
slightly curved ur Ern, shape. /. wo hive
cholera IN the United States the present sum
mer this is the demon tina: will be found in
our insideS. But whence he comes, or why,
Or WHY h. leaves Us after a time, are IAya.
teries past the ken of mortal science. Medl-
cal wisdom knows practically nothing ot
cholera though the disease Is hundreds Of
years older ihan the Christian religion itsaiI.
In the oldest Sanscrit writings il is nc
curately described Yet in spite of this UNI
doubted proof Of its existence III the hOaIy
ages, il never appeared in Europe till 1850
That is another curious fact. 1t always eX-
lists in India, in thc province of Lower Ben
gal Yet even III India it only occasionally
becomes epidemic. In 1880 it Travelled to
Europe by way of Russia, coming down
through Poland. increased intercourse
among men between Europe and Asia
brought increase of this pestilence. 1t fol-
lowed tie steamship i'll close company. 1t
has never been known, away from its home
in Indin, to appear at Il place that had not
been in communication with an infected To-
cality Mountainous regions, and towns
built upon high, hard ground, escape its
ravagcs Another fact that some scientific
person thinks he has observed is that cholera
S not so apt TO attack district, subject TO
malaria and ague5. u Is worse III towns
built upon a light, porous soil, through which
all and wafer pass easily. 1t may be OBJ
served, ty in" way, that there rs also an agu"
germ, malun bacillus II Is NOT comfort
able to wake up III the night and remember
that whether sex or wen, awe ,r dead, we
are swalmng inside ami ont with these MI
croscroplc monsters, bit We must accept
the fact. Science is science, II is true there
are more Things II cGnnoa h1i ou. '1aA there
ale that Il can ma cut, but ~" .l'lS' take
such facts a. we can get fer certain aad ae
thankful.
Science tas been more successful an the ny.
gicn.c aspect so the cholera le,ui"nr'. There,
at least, we have some certain ground As
TO the prevention OF cholera an eminent au-
thority puts ii IN tins language; ''@an'iate!
senltate! sahltaie! IN the plaza phrase II
| the paopIe-thank heaven We are permitted
still to use 1t occasionally Clean ceanl
| clean! Kitchen ana mouse Stops ana dolueI-
tic refuse thrown upon the ground IN the vi
Cinity Of dwelling constitute asoI on which
the cholera bacillus battenS and grows fierce
and multlplIeS III hosts nnumerahle, 1t fat
tens on filth. The demon Is III dirt. Scrub
the floor Tor instance OF any ordinary room
with the cleaneSt water, Afterwards take n
drop of the water That has been thus used,
| and inject it into the veins OF Guinea pig.
1t will Kill INN. ms Is the water that too
| often 1t Is the custom to pItch out of
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
tiom and Individual Prophylaxis Against In

blCII dHu ioAiS RSoAh's Ah
fectious Diseases" Fourth-"Preventable
Causes of Disease, Injury and Death IN
American Manufactures and Workshops
and the Best Means for Preventing ana
Avoiding Them In this fourth essay the
needs Of the American workingman VIII he
especially considered. 1t is agreeable 10
know that the judges will award the prize to
those who go down into the work and make
original investigations, rather than TO those
who sit at their desks and compile their es-
says from encyclopedias. This is rs 1t
should be.
The essays on disinfection will discuss the
relative value of disinfectants, and the best
methods whereby the individual may escape
contagion. The essays on food and homes
for the working classes must be written in
popular STYLE as indeed all of them must be,
and within the comprehension of the work
ing people themselves. This, too, is as 1t
should be. For each topic the first prize is
500; second, $500. The prizes are offered
through the American Public Health asSo-
citation The essays are to be sent To its sec
rotary, DR.. Irving A. Watson, Concord, n.
II. They must he handed in by Oct. ID,
1885. Prizes will be awarded at the annual
meeting of the association, the second week
in December. Authors of any nationality
may compete, but the essays must be written
in the English language IL is To be sincerely
hoped that the working people themselves
will take an interest in the matter, Why
should not they as well as anybody else COM
pete for some of these prizes:
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

These viii bc rs fashionable rs over the
coming sumner. Indeed, cotton goods and
wash goods of all kinds will bc worn very
generally. IhDy are much daiuticr and
cleaner than sticky and stuiiy WOODEN goods
during the perspirns days There are beau
tiful fabrics 50 cheap that everybody who
is rich enough to pay liberal wash-hillS, or
fortunate enough tc lc able to do her own
washing. can have plenty OF pretty dresses.
The sateenS are shade cheaper in price
than they were last summer. They viii be
worn ON all ordinary occasions. There are
dark sate2ns for shopping and travelling.
There are also Turkey red sateeu' for the
country, for home and the seashore. This
color, indeed. enters into much of the sum-
mer dress goods Fiery red however, is not
comfortable to the eye during dog days. 1t
is too suggestive of roasting. Pink, blue,
brown and golden brown are fashionable
shades in all fabrics. So also are drab,
myrtle green, navy blue, light olive and
slate. Then we have fine checks, known rs
the pin-head checks. Something quite new
is sateen in pin-head checks, tleckcd with
small squares or polka dots, the color of the
check. The old reliable polka dots, like the
poor, are always with Us. One pretty piece
III RDbNlS lbI StNplbl lilpul llillsS wac u SiNth
with bright purple dots upon black ground.
OTHER FABRICS.
There are French cambrics. for skirtings,
in vivid black, red, blue and pink stripes.
They look like the American flag We have
also percales. In this goods there are dark
blue and IA pretty electric blue used for boat
ing suits.
Batiste comes in the same colors rs those
mentioned for sateons and pcrcaIes, This
thin, clear goods is very elegant 1t is in
plain colols, with wide embroidered edge of
same for trimming.
In novelty goods we have n cotton crepe de
chine. This is, III fact, nothing more or less
than cotton crepe, and pretty one At that.
1t looks like flower garden, SO gay it is.
Another novelty is brocadcd cotton goods,
| like hrocaded silks and velycts. Brocaded
satcens in wood colors and golden browns are
stylish Other novelties are Siciienne goods
of the same style Grenadines will be worn
again.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
Prize Essnys i'm social SCIENCE.

Henry LOmb, Of Rochester, y Y, offers
first and second prizes on each of the follow.
ing topics: First-"Healthy Homes and Food,
for the Working Classes.n Second-''Sani-
tary Conditions and Necessities Of School
Houses and School Life" Third-"Disinfec-
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

The well-Annwn .,.,, York ladies tailor
has designed tor VI summer ulster that may
be used also for colder weather. 1t is made
Of fawn-colored Vienna cloth. The braid with
which it is trimmed is n new pattern Of
dark brown and gold together, fastened in
front down TO the waist with long military
buttons. The skirt Is made to open, and turn
over at the corners which are caught back,
as shown in the illustration. This Is for sum.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

IEss II. RUGER. l. ", E5ER>OI,
u JCiER X EI3ERSoL, Auorncys% CoUn-
II sellers at Law; also Notary Public. Otcc IN Fut-
tcrer d Metzger's Block east of Court House. tcbi -
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
professional GarDs.
At TO r N c y8.

~ w. w. BLA * r., Attorney and Counselor
VI. at Law. Room O. second floor. Court House Ota.
III. All legal business promptly attended TO- jan3i
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

IF. BULL. LESTER II. sTRAwE. s.w. RuGRR.
DULL, STRA WIN * RUGER, Attor
ID neys and Counsellors at Law. Office over CT
Drug Store of La Sale and Madison streets On
tawa H. jan26Sl
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

HIRAM T. GILBERT. JAMES II. ECKELs.
GILBERT IL ECkEIIS, Attorneys ant
VI CounseOrs at law Futterer Metzger's Block
east of Court House sep29.S3
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

:. r. BLANCHARD. HORACE HULL.
OLA NCHARD * HULL, Attorneys, Ar
ID mory Block Ottawa H. Horace Hull, stenogIa
pher and Notary Public. nOvSol
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

BUSHNELL & FULLERTON IA
ID torneys AT Law. Ottawa, Illinois. Office in Bush
ne.'s block, west of Court House. julY2l-ly'
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

J. W. DUNCAN. Al q CONOR.
nUNCAN & O'CONOR, Attorneys ~
~ Law. Office In Futterer d Mctzger's block, east
~ court house, Ottawa, Illinois July29&
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

mr.. n. w. WEBS, (Deutcher poctor.) lat
IL Physician and Surgeon 10 the ST. Louis tema!'
Hospital. Office over Stefel's Clothing Store, corner o
Main and La sale streets. Residence on south bluff
II Mrs. Hen-s. apps
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

r.. &. ALLtN ,..'.'''''''
r D CATlIN .........,. ...........V Vice President.
g. LINDLEY Assist. Cashier.
EXthacge on Chicago and New York and all tn,
principal cities east and west bought and sold.
Exchange on England, Ireland, Scotland and Nil I'm
pOrtant points In Continental Europe drawn in sums L
suit purchasers.
I. S. Revenue Stamps of all denominations constan
~ On hand and for sale.
United States Bonds Local Securities, Gold and Siyr
bought and sold.
Banking hours from A. NJ. to p.
G. L. LINDIEY. Assist Cashier.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

l. G. SWIFT, Attorney AT Law, ArmOry Block.
l.. Special attention given TO probate matters.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
NOTICE.

Notice l. hereby given that the Annual Meeting q
.uckholders Of the Ottawa, Oswego q Fox River Va
v Railroad Company will be held at the office OF tn
Company in Chicago. Illinois. on Wednesday April 22l
eleven O'Clock NJ, for the purpose Of eecting ID
r,ctOrs and transaCting such other business ma
properly come before the meeting.
chicago. March nth, ISIS l.. q. GODDARD.
maT2S-lW Secretary.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

NJ n. MSTRONGf, Attoru,y and Cout
l1. seor at Law, Ottawa Ill. Notary uOlic. Othc
In Gedney's Block. Ottawa. iun5.'N
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

John u: RICE, Attorney at Law RcddcET
- Block, city of ottawa. Will practice law IN l.
Sale and adjoining counties, and il the Appellat
snd Supreme Courts scp.0-'yr'
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

n b. CHA I'M a N. Attorney and COunselo
y. at Law. Office with ID. McDougall, Uttawa. Ill.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

s. NICHOLSON. W GENTLEMAN. &c FINCH
ID ICHOISON. GENTLEMAN g. FINCH, Attorney
n and &c Unselors at Law VIII practice law in the
60 La Sale and adjoining counties Office West
OF court house Ottawa, III. sep20Si
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

r w. BREW t:R, Attorney and Counselor a
l.. Law. and Notary Public. Rooms 5, Il 10. opera
House Block, Ottawa, III.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

DR. h. NJ. McARTHUR, Ottawa, H.
~ Office In the Opera House Block Open from
o'clock A. ~. to s O'Clock p. NJ. Residence Rentoi
street, south Of Illinois Avenue. Ian22Te
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

DR. j. y. RYb.. OTTAWA, lii. ONO
~ IN the Opera House In Office day
light. ianlEls
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

nR. q. MILLER, the well known Ocuis
~ and Aurls Ottawa, III. Otce, IL LA Sale street
Up stairs. aprS-3mOs'
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

CHASE; FOWLER, Master In Chancery, A
" torney and Counselor at Law. Office In Gedneyf
Block northeast Of court house square, Room
sspd 1, Ottawa, Illinois jun10s2
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
OF OTTAWA

Formerly City Bank of Eames, Allen Coz
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

~ G. TRENARY, Attorney at Law. once
with l.. W. Brewer, Rooms $, 3 d TO- Opera House
Block Ottawa III. jun3
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

nR. M ZEN DIR, Homeopathic rnyalClah
IL ottawa III. Offers his services 10 the friends
he Homeopathic system ia Ottawa, In all branches o
lie profession Particular attention give he treat
nent Of women and children. Office In Glover
Cooks Block. feble
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

n GRIGGS, Attorney and Counselor at Law
\. Office in Lynchs block Main street, Ottawa, ILL.,
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11
ny sic A " 3 /.

nR. CHARITY SANDERS, succcsso
~ to DIR. AlCinda AutCn. Office over II. \. Butler
grocery store in Union Block. Ottawa, H. scpl3
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

y r. LINCOLN, Attorney at Law. One
ID. over No. 10 La Sale street, west side ~ u
Court House Ottawa ILL., Ju!ySE
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

I G. BOYLE. Attorney at Law. OAlce VIII
y. Al. 7. MolOucy, Opera House Block. Ottawa. III.
feb2l,S0
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

~ McDOUCiALII,A Attorney Mt Law, Ottaw'
u. iii Office in Cedney's Block deere
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

III NJ. GODFREY, NJ. D., l. Z: C. :
Ii. Edinburg. Office, IN ArmOur's new building OF
Madison street. Residence II Webster st. aggliT
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

Il Y. dRIGGS, Druggist, Bookseller and Sta
Il. ton er, Ottawa. H. Second store in NHttiRger
Block, south side OF Court House Square.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

HENRY MAYO. JOHN l.. WIDMRR.
MAYO " wIDNIF.R, Atturncysat Law
VI Once In Nattingcrs Block. corner Of I a.
g.. ia Main streets front room IN stairs Ottawa. III
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

DR. VIM. Sd PPARD, Member of the
IL Royal College terinary Surgeons, England
Fellow OF the London eterinsry Medical Association
also Veterinary Ed or Dun.on's SptTttOf IN, uvr
can be consulted al his Office, lafayette ST. sugs
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1885-04-11

NJ KNEUSSIi, German Druggist and Apothe.
vi. cary (whoessle and retail, Main street, Otts.
va III. Importer Of Drugs Chemicals. French Cogni.
&C Brandies, Vines. &c.
The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1885-01-09
Care Of Cattle in Winter.
uNFAvoRABLE TO FREEz1Na.

IL ISEELlNt. H
The tender lambs, pigs, colts and
calves of this years crop have so far
know no weather except the warm sun
shine of Summer and Autumn; but the
days are now at hand when, unless pro-
tected, their bodies will be pierced to
the quick by the cutting blasts that Wis
it with such disagreeable frequency and
f%ierceness the farms of more than half
the American States. No animal, even
though matured and of the sort called
tough" can hold it's own much less
thrive and ~fatten, when in o condition
of perpetual discomfort arising from
any cause, and it is doubtless true that
the Winters cold causes not only more
discomfort but actual suffering of farm
stock than all other causes combined.
1t is equally true, if past experience
has proved any thing ct all, that
warmth serves, tn o certain extent,
the purpose of food, or, that
a considerable per cent. Of food may be
saved if its use is not a necessity for
maintaining animal heat that could be
much more economically conserved by
suitable shelter. Those who make
every animal belonging to them as COM
Portable and contented as kindly shelter
and well-flled stomachs imply, are the
people who, in the long run, find them
selves possessed of the contentment
which is supposed to be the child OF
prosperity.
Weather boarding animals on the
inside" with grain is far superior to no
protection at all; but a portion of that
protection which every animal that
yields a profit must have, can be afford
ed more economically by the use of some
other material. It is both folly and
cruelty to permit animals to SILVER away
in winter the summers accumulation Of
flesh and strength, and every reader Of
the Rural should make sure that
Thanksgiving and Christmas do not
come and find his animals a part of the
great throng of half-frozen and half
fed sufferers. [Amen !1-Hon. F. D.
Coburn in Rural New Yorker.