davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1885-08-07

If the soil is stiff these slices re.
tain much the shape Of brick, if we
could see them cut across as they
arc laid over. IF the soil is lighter
it is more or less broken into frag-
ments,- but still there are hollows and
vacant places at the bottoms of the
burrows, in the very best plowing,
and in the general run Of plowing
these openings are in numerous
places from the surface to the bottom
of the fuIrow. The farmer cannot
sow his seed successfully upon land
like that. lie therefore harrows it..
The harrow levels the surface; the
teeth hit clod and the harrow
Jumps over it, or il is pulled to the
surface The narrowing does not
please the farmer, but he says to him
self, 81 will fix that all right with the
roller, by and by" Then he sows
his seed and harrows it in, or drillit; /;
it is all the same. The harrow teeth
disturb the soil and the seed falls
down into the open spaces at the bot
tom, and is covered withethe soil that
settles over it. Then the roller is
drown over the field, and smooths
and leyels-the surface let us re-
member but not the soil. For
awhile the surface was made hard and
smooth, the soil below is not affected
in the least, or very little, and the
openings and vacans spaces still re.
main. And thousands Of seed lie
in these spaces without any fine soil
in contact with them and are there
fore entirely unable to sprout; or if
they do send out rootlet, it wanders
here and there for a little time and
then dries up because it is exposed
to the air and it perishes, and with
it tperishes the weak spire which may
have appeared above the surface, all
yellow and sickly looking, living
only upon the substance of the grain;
and when this is used up, it also dies,
because the roots are unable to get
any food from the dry clods and frag.
ments in which it lies loosely. (This
is shown in Figure
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1885-08-07
why do Doctors Prescribe Liquors.

Because they do not know what else
to do or because sometimes little liq-
uor serves to kindle the exhausted fires
fdigertion. But this liquor prescription
is bad business for the patients, for it
makes drunkards out Of a large majority
of them. Browns Iron Bitters does
not kindle TEMPORARY fire. 1t nourish-
es, senriches, strengthens, purifes. It
drives out debility and dyspepsia, and
sets the inyigorated system at work,
on basis of health.
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1885-08-07

of tile soil may be produced. The
farmer plows his soil and lays over
the furrows. Ifthe plowiog is we'll
done. the soil is cut into slices which
are laid on edge at varying angles.
Usually they appear as shown IN
Figure ~
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1885-08-07
Fall Flowing.
Profit Resulting From 9 Prop
or Cultivation OF the Soil.
Ry HENRY STEWART.

From The Farm and Fireside March u 1888.
Flowing Is the most important work
of the farm. because tile successful
growth and yield Of the crops sown
depend upon the manner in which
the work is performed. 1t is . great
help when one knows why a certain
work or operation should be done,
and for what purpose it is performed.
"A farmer is then able to choose the
method or manner of doing the work
SO that it may serve the required pur-
pose in the best manner. Now, We
plow soil simply to make proper
bed for the seed. and the better we do
this, the better the seed will germi
nate; the better the plants will grow;
the better they will be able to pass
through the rigors 0: the winter, aad
the better will be the HARVEST. Then.
it is of great interest to know pre-
cisely what the seed requires for its
complete termination; for the spread
of its roots in the soil; for its strong
est attachment to the soil, and for it's
most abundant nutriment. When the
seed falls into good and well prepar.
ed soil-that is. one thoroughly
broken up into fine particles-and is
closely packed, it Immediately ab-
serbs moisture, swells and puts forth
q root and then spire.
The root puts forth off:shoots in
every direction; and these work their
way among the fine PARTICLES of The
soil, and imbibe moisture from them
which supplies food to the young
plant. The green spire appears above
the surface and is supported by the
roots. 1t must be evident that the
growth of the spire or young plant
depends upon the.growth and vigor
of the roots. The more roots the
stronger they are, the more food they
gather from the soil and convey to
the plant above the surface. But
into the plant except through the
roots, and nothing enters into The roofs
except aoith The moisture aUhich they
anaJibe or suck up from The soil.
This is the great point upon which
all we have to say here depends.
Mn1SSAae4young plant has put forth
gfst roots and sent its spire above
the surface, new set of roots are
put forth, several inches down in the
soil, and there they spread far and
wide; the farther and wider as the
Ehner and more compact and moister.
4 Cali this is shown in Figure 1)
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1885-08-07

Then it is necessary, first, for the
termination ofthe plant; second, for
the safe and vigorous growth of the
roots; and third, for the proper feed
ing ofthe plant, that the soil should
be made fine and compact. Now let
us see how this necessary condition
The midland journal. (Rising Sun, Md.) 1885-1947, 1885-08-07

s
kind (but one which also levels the
surface, breaks the clods, settles the
soil and makes it compact at one
operation can properly serve the pur-
pose.
This is the sACME" Pulverizing
Harrow, Clod Crusher and Leveler.
and which does the work for which
sit is designed in the most thorough
and effective manner. It's leveling
bar, furnished with cutters, crushes
the clods, levels the surface and cuts
mp the soil. The hind bar, furnish
ed with scrapers and curved steel
knives, works completely into the
soil as deep as the plow has broken
it, and these cut the furrow-slices and
pulverize them, and turn the fine soil
over as SO many plows, the cutting
plates being curved in the manner
of the mold-board Of plow for this
very purpose. The effect is to make
a compact bed of mellow, fine soil
down to the suhsoil. in which the
seed finds the most appropriate bed
for its termination and the spread
ing of its roots. Moreover, as a
plant, like an animal, can digest it's
food the better as it is brought into
a finer condition, so that the soil thus
prepared offers to the roots an inf
nitely greater feeding surface, and
so encourages the formation of a
mass of fine feeding roots, which
supply the plants abundantly with
the food they require.
But it is not every farmer who
uses the plow to put in his fall crops.
A corn stubble which has been we'll
cultivated does not require blowing
lit it can broken up and mellowed
leveled ready for the seed. And this,
which is done sometimes imperfectly
by the common harrow. may be per-
feetly done by the ',AcME'' Pulveriz-
ing H ARROW, Clod Crushefand Lev
eler which combines the plow-or
rather a series of gang plows, with
the most effective harrow in one i'm
|plement. The writer has thus pre-
pared corn stubble for fall rye with
better results as to yield of crop than
an adjoining field that was plowed; +;
for the soil being copmact. was not
affected by the frost and not plant
was thrown out or heaved by the
winter. And just here attention
might be directed to this point.
Winter killing is universally disas-
trous to fall crops. but if a farmer
will observe the cause and effects Of
this he will find it will be due to the
lifting and bursting of the sail by the
freezing of the water in it. And this
occurs where the ground is loose and
puffy and gives opportunity for the
water to collect in small quantities
here and there. 1t is very common
experience that the headlands of
field, or the angles of fields which
have been plowed around, always
yield better grain and suffer less in
jury than the other portions. This
is because of the treading of the
ground which makes the soil COM
pact. And it is indispensable that
the soil all over the field should be
brought into this condition. And il
is'very certain that the plow and the
harrow and the roller will not 90 II.
or that these have not done it and d.
not effect it. But it is quite certain.
ifmany years practice and experience
of thousands of farmers, and the
scientific principles of mechanics,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15
COURT NOTES.

VIM. J. Stahl brings suit against Julia j.
Mitchell ct al. to quiet the title of certain
real estate situated in this county.
Testimony is still being heard by Judge
WiIkin i'm the Keller damage suit against
the Minneapolis & ST. Louis Railway Com
pany.
John J. Buckhout yesterday brought suit
against William g. Ward and others for
breach of contract in the transfer of certain
real estate.
Margaret Levy was yesterday granted a
divorce from Edward Levy by Judge Brill
on the grounds of desertiOn, adultery and
drunkenness. The plaintiff takes her
maiden name OF Weaver.
The Missouri Steam Washer company of
Illinois fled suit last May against the
Missouri Steam Washer company of Mime
sofa on a claim of $3.50 for goods furnished
the latter. Yesterday Judge Brill granted
the plaintiffs motion 10 strike out certain
portions of defendants answer 10 original
complaint.
\ suit was filed in the district court yes
terday by Fred J.. Simpson ct al. against
William II. Burkhardt ct al. The plaintiffs
represent property interests near the corner
of butcher avenue and Saltwater street.
and bring suit to enjOin defendants from
erecting a powder sstOrehOuse in the imme-
diate vicinity.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15

that the first appropriation ever secured for
the upper Mississippi was the result of
convention held in st. Paul i'm October
1877, and which was called by the chamber
of commerce. Another significant fact
is stated by Mr.. McCLUNG. OF
the S2s, 10000 appropriated by the
general government for the improvement
of the Mississippi river only 81, ZOO, 600 has
been expended on the river above the
rapids. The Northwest is interested in the
improvements from this point to the rapids
and the only way to secure our rights is to
assert them and combine our efforts. We
need not expect help unless we manifest
a disposition to help ourselves. 1t is not
expected that the Lower river country will
be pleased with our convention. 1t is not
called for that purpose. AS the leading
state of the Northwest it is appropriate that
Minnesota should take the initiative in this
movement. The summer is nearly half
gone, and if we expect to accomplish any
thing this year it is time that the conven-
ton should be called. We want to be in
position to present our claims to the next
congress. If we are to get fair share of
the appropriations for the upper river it be-
hooves us to be on the move.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15
Miscellaneous.

The Chicago d Northwestern gives notice
that rates to Gordon, Bordeaux and Chad
ron, Neb,, named in circulars No. 14S of
April 1, and No. 156 of April Is, have been
Withdrawn and Cancelled. Until further
notice the billing rates on freight from the
various stations from Valentine, Neb., will
apply on freight when destined to the above
named places. Rates on this freight beyond
Valentine must be obtained from the trans
portatiOn companies handling this business
beyond Valentine.
Capt. w. P. Spalding, local land agent
for the Northern Pacific road at Brainerd,
was in the city yesterday. The captain is
one of the oldest men connected with the
company, having served with it for fifteen
years. He was conductor on the first
freight and also on the first passenger train
on the Northern Pacific line. He is healthy
and looking as well as ever.
Circular No. was issued from the gem
eraI superinIendent's Office of the Minnesota
81 Northwestern yesterday, and it an
nounced the appointment of Mr.. Joel May
as trainmaster of that road. Mr.. May will
have direct charge of the movement of
trains. and all train men and dispatchers
will report to and receive their instructions
from him.
The central passenger committee, consist
ing of the passenger agents of twenty-five
railroads operating in Ohio, Indiana and
Illinois west of the trunk line terminus, held
its regular monthly meeting at Commits
sioner Fink'S Office yesterday. But little
business of public interest was transacted.
Supt. NJ. G. Hall of the Eastern di-
vision. and E. J. Cottell, local agent for
the Northern Pacific Express company, left
last night for Fargo, to be present at the
hearing of the case against abscOnder
Sanbro by the Express company.
The first train of the fast service estab-
lished by the Erie railway arrived at Chi
cago at 9 o'clock last night, having arrived
on schedule time, or twenty-seven hours
from New York.
The Canadian Pacific has been obliged to
reduce its freight rates to $50 per ton for a
haul of 100 miles on the mountain division
on account of the fierce competition by OK
teams. u
Gen. F. NJ. Drake, president of the
Indiana. Indianapolis 4 Illinois road, went
out TO Lake Minnetonka with his family
yesterday. and intends staying some time
Ed. Underwood, superintendent of the
Southern Minnesota division of the Mil
waukee IL st. Paul road, left for Chicago
yesterday.
The Northern Pacific road is preparing a
new time card which will lessen the time
between number of stations on its line.
E. d. Spencer, general agent for the
Mobile route at Chicago, was visiting al
several of the railway offices yesterday.
Assistant General Passenger and Freigh
Agent Rockwell, of the st. Paul & Duluth
road, returned from Chicago yesterday.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15
RECONSTRUCT THE BOATS.

The coroner of Hennepin county has de-
cided not to hold an inquest on the tragic
drowning case of Sunday. The cause of the
appalling catastrophe was clearly obvious to
all who participated in the search for the
bodies of ten people who trusted themselves
to frail steamer freighted with heavy ma
chinery. Technically Coroner HILL is correct
in his conclusion not TO hold an inquest, but
it is an open question if thorough inquiry
into the matter would not have a whole
some effect in restraining other owners of
such craft from inviting the public to the
fate which befel the flower of Minneapolis
business and social life. There are many
other unseaworthy craft on Lake Mime
ton ka and their owners should be admOn-
ished to take the proper precautions
to render them safe before an
other tragedy follows in the
footsteps of the last and forces them all out
of the service, for a recurrence of Sundays
calamity could have no other result. Capt.
BROOKS, the veteran boat builder at the
lake, was asked bya GLOBE reporter on the
day of the search for the last of Sundays vic
Tins what would have been necessary in the
case of the Minnie Cook and other craft of
the same character to render them compar-
atively safe. He replied that had the Min
ME Cook had side boards or heavy canvas
up she would have been much less likely to
swamp in the squat that struck her off the
point. Her machinery was heavy for the
capacity of the craft and the moment
volume of water rolled over her sides,
which cut close to the water in
dead calm with ten people aboard,
she sank so quick that not a
soul was saved, although all the men
and even the boys were expert swimmers.
There are other boats on the lake which are
less seaworthy than the ill-starred Minnie,
and which are destined to meet like fate
unless they are reconstructed on some safer
basis. There is nothing to show that there
was a single life preserver on the Minnie
Cook, and on the ensuing day other small
steamers were plying the same waters with
out any life-saving equipment, just as if
nothing had happened on the day before.
If such tragic warning as the loss of so
many valuable lives as went out with the
storm of Sunday will not suffice to force
these vessels to provide against accidents,
then an investigation should be instituted
and force the boat owners to do their duty
or beach their boats.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15
Fast Time On Freight.

Last Saturday morning train of twenty
cars of agricultural implements left Toronto
by the Grand Trunk road and on Saturday
night at o'clock the consignment was de-
livered TO the Rock Island road at Blue Is
land Junction. In half an hour the transfer
was made and at 7:30 o'clock yesterday
morning the train arrived at Minnesota
Transfer and was there passed over to the
Manitoba road, which will deliver it at
Winnipeg tonight. This will make the
trip only four-and-a-half days, which is the
quickest time ever made on freight from
Toronto to Winnipeg. The time would
have been some quicker only for delay of
five hours at the MinneSOtaTransfer. The
Canadian Pacific worked hard TO receive
the shipment and guaranteed to deliver it
at Winnipeg in five days.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15

west, as it will settle many disputed land
titles and will remove the suspicion and doubt
which have hung over the title of lands
claimed by railway companies by virtue Of
their grants, as well as those acquired I'M
der the indemnity provisions Of the grants.
The ruling of Commissioner Sparks is so
clear and specific as to what constitutes a
good title that purchasers will have no diff
Guilty in the future determining for them
selves the security of the investment when
they buy of the railroad companies. In
this particular the decision will doubtless
be beneficial in promoting immigration.
Mr.. SPARKS deserves the gratitude of the
public for having taken hold of the matter
SO theoretically and for disposing of it with
such remarkable fairness and ability.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15
Mime ygaukOn Freight.

In regard 10 what appeared in yesterdays
GLOBE relative to the trouble which has re-
suited in the withdrawal of trains from the
jamestown branch OF the Northern Pa
cific road, it appears that the constructing
company, the Oregon TranscOntinental,
wanted the Northern Pacific to accept a
portion of the road which was not COM
pleted, some twenty miles, and issue bonds
on the $50, 900 per mile basis, less SO, 900,
and this the latter refused to do. Trains
are now only running to New Rockford
where freight. which had been previously
consigned, lies awaiting transportation.
\ stage line has been put ON from New
Rockford to MinnewaukOn, and freight now
consigned to the latter place is sent over
the Manitoba road to Devils Lake, and
from there is taken by boat to Mime
waukOn. What the result of this latter
way of reaching the jamestown terminus
will be remains to be seen, but ii is likely
that the Northern Pacific will want TO know
the reason why the Manitoba company is
taking freight to MIinnewaukon. Accord
ing TO pool agreements and other stip-
ulations that have been consented
to by both companies from time
to time, the Manitoba road is not al
lowed to receive freight for points that
are exclusively in Northern Pacific territory,
nor is the latter company allowed to ship
to points which are controlled by the Mani
tOba company. The MinnewaukOn people
claim that TIE Northern Pacific people have
not lived up 20 their agreement, and are kick
ing, and when they cannot get freight over
the Northern Pacific line they will have to
get another line to carry it for them. The
Manitoba claims it is not receiving freight
for MinnewaukOn, and if any does go over
its line for that point, it is rebilled from
Devils lake, and here the matter rests.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15
OUR MERCHANT MARINE.

The committee, charged by the New York
marine exchange to communicate with the
commercial boards of the various cities and
elicit their opinions as to the best meth DDS
of encouraging American shipping, has re-
ceived numerous replies. Some boards
recommend bounties to shipbuilders; some
the French system of substituting mail
lines; some the free admission of all mate
rials used IN shipbuilding; some freedom of
buying ships where they can be bought
cheapest. We have had enough bounties
and subsidies in the United States, enough
of taking money out of one pocket and
dropping some as it is put into the other.
1t is worth noting as Indicative of the SEN
timent of this section that the Minneapolis
board was emphatic in its protest against
all bounties and subsidies. The repeal of
the absurd navigation laws that prohibit
but do not encourage or protect, the policy
of free ships and the admission of materials
used in their construction free of duty will
cause the sound of the shipbuilder's ham
mer to be heard along our coasts, the mer-
chant marine of the United States to regain
its supremacy and our flag to reappear on
all the seas of the globe.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15

uphold the tariff that has been in effect, but
by doing this the Milwaukee 81 st. Paul
would be unable to compete on business
consigned to Fargo and points in Dakota
and Minnesota reached by the Fargo South
ern division of the line, and it was at last
decided to establish the same rate from
Chicago as that from Lake Superior ports
to the common points named; and
also that the rates from Peoria
thereto shall be % cents net. The
greatest difficulty was experienced in
arranging rates to st. Paul and Minneapolis
and Fargo by the Milwaukee & st. Paul, to
compete against the Northern Pacific and
Manitoba roads The latter lines make
rate of So so from Duluth and Superior to
those three places, their distances being
about equal, while the Milwaukee g. st.
Paul will have to make a rate to st. Paul
and Minneapolis less than it makes to Fargo,
or SNAKE the rate to the three places
alike. This it cannot do without discrim-
mating in favor of Fargo. There is a new
deal on foot, however, between the
lines interested in the Fargo trade, and q
meeting of the freight representatives will
be held in few days. 1t was decided that
any differences arising among the lines in
this agreement should be referred to a COM
mittee of three outsiders, and their decision
will be accepted as final. At the meeting
representatives of ten interested railways
were present.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-07-15
WHY THE DELAYR

The delay of the war department in COM
pleting and furnishing the building designed
for the quartermaster's headquarters
in this city is unaccountable. In view of
the fact that the city donated a valuable
tract of ground to the United States gov
eminent for the purpose of constructing a
building to be used as quartermasters
headquarters, and in view of the fact that
appropriations for the purpose of complet-
ing and furnishing the building have been
made, which appropriations are yet uneX-
pended, it does seem that this city is entitled
to prompt attention from the war depart
ment in this matter. Ii is difficult to under
stand why the building under the war de-
partment should drag while other buildings
connected with the treasury department
have been pushed forward. There are
many good reasons why the army head
quarters of the Northwest should
at once be removed from Fort
Smelling to this city. Independent
of the great convenience in transacting
the business at headquarters, it has been
thoroughly demonstrated in the columns of
the GLOBE in previous issues, that
the removal is demanded by economic con-
siderations-aS thousands of dollars could
be saved to the government annually by
having the headquarters established at st.
Paul instead of Fort Smelling. Rigid
economy is the fundamental idea of the
new administration, and viewing it in this
light, if in no other, it does occur to us that
the secretary of war should at once give his
attention to a matter which in its very
nature is a measure of retrenchment.