The Warner sun. (Warner, Brown Co., Dakota [S.D.]) 1885-1???, 1885-12-18

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the purView Of federal and international law
it is Important within the scope of national legii
~islatiOn to define this right of alien domicile 81
distinguished from federal naturalization:
INTERNATIONAL INTERCOURSE.
The commercial relations of the United Stat.
with their immediate neighbors and with i'm.
portant areas Of traffic near our shores suggest
especially liberal intercourse between them snsS
US. Following the treaty Of 1888, with Mexico
which rested on the basis of a reciprocal ~
emption from customs duties Ocher, similar trea.
ties were initiated by my predecessor. Raco1
nizing the need OF less INSTRUCTED traffic Win
Cuba and Ports Rico, and met by the desire ~
Spain 10 suCcOr languishing interests in +ha
Antilles, steps were taken TO attain these ends
by a treaty Of commerce. A similar treaty u )
afterward signed by the Dominican repnhlic
Subsequently OVertureS were made by he.
Britannia malestys government for a like
mutual extension of commercial intercourse witb
the British West indian and South American de-
Tendencies, but without result. On takino
office / withdrew for re-ex animation the treaties
signed with Spain and Santo Domingo. then
pending before the senate. The result has beer
TO satisfy me of the inexpediency Of enterina
INTO engagements of this character not, coyerine
the entire traffic, These treaties
the surrender by the United States of larvs
revenues for inadequate consideration upon suga,
alone. Duties were surrendered to an amount
far exceeding all the advantages offered Ia az.
change. Even were it intended to relieve nm,
consumers, it was evident that so long As tha
exemption but partially covered our Importation
such relief would be ~illusory. To relinduish :
revenue so essential seemed highly improyident
at a time when new and large drains upon the
treasury were contemplated Moreover embarras.
ing questions would have arisen under the favor.
ed nation clauses Of treaties with other nations
AS further objection, 1t is evident that tariff reg-
ulatiOn by treaty diminished that independents
control over its own revenues which, is essential
for the safety and welfare of any government
Emergency calling 2or an increase of taxation
may at any time arise, and no engagement with
a foreign POWER should exist to hamper the ac-
ton Of the government. By the fourteenth sec
ton OF the shipping act, approved June 26.
1884, certain reductions and contingent exemp.
tiOns from tonnage dues were made as to vessels
entering ports of the United States from anv
foreign port in North and Central America. the
West India islands, the Bahamas and Bermudas
Mexico and the iSthmus as far as Aspinwal and
Panama. The governments OF Belgium, Denmark.
Germany. Portugal, and Sweden and Norvay
have asserted under the favored nation clause in
their treaties with the United States a claim Ia
like treatment in respect to vessels comingto
the United States from their home ports. This
government, however, holds that the privileges
granted by the act are purely geographical.
enuring to any vessel of any foreign power that
may choose to engage in traffic between this
country and any port within the defined zone,
and no warrant exists under the most favored
nation clause for the extension Of the privi-
leges in question TO vessels sailing to this conn
try from ports outside the limitation of the ACT.
Undoubtedly the relations Of commerc with our
near neighbors whose territories form so large a
frontier line difficult to be guarded, and who find
in our country and equally offer to use rational
markets, demand special and considerate treat
mcnt. 1t rests with congress TO consider what
action may increase facilities of intercourse
which cOntiguity makes natural and desira-
BILE. / earnestly urge that congress recast the
appropriations for the maintenance of the
AND SERVICE
on a footing commensurate with the importance
Of our national interests. AT every post where
a representative is necessary the salary should
be so graded as to permit the incumbent to live
with comfort. With the assignment OF ADEQUATE
salaries, the so-called notarial extra official fees,
which out officers abroad are now permitted to
treat as personal perquisites, should be done
away with Every act requiring the certihca-
ton and seal Of the officers should be taxable at
set schedule rates and the fee therefor returned
to the treasury. By restoring these revenues to
the public use the consular service would be
self-sustaining, even with a liberal increase OF
the present low salaries. In further prevention
of abuses, a system of consular inspection
should be instituted. The appointment OF a
limited number of secretaries of legation at
large TO be assigned to duty wherever necessary,
and In particular for temporary service at mis-
slons which for any cause may be without a
head should also be authorized. / favor also
the authorization for the detail of officers of the
regular service as military or naval attaches at
legations. Some foreign governments do not
matte function. Italy ADD Venezuela viii
only receive the appointee in one of his two ca
pacities-but this does not prevent the require
ment OF a bond and submission to the RESPONSE
biltttes of our officer whose duties he
cannot discharge-the separated titles Of
consular generals should be abandoned
4 uSem IL expeulenU UuAC q Weil-QeVlSeu measure
for the reorganization of the extra territorial
courts in Oriental countries should replace the
present system, which labors under the disad-
VANTAGE OF combining judicial and executive
functions in the same Office. In several Oriental
countries generous offers have been made OF
housing the legations OF the United States. A
grant OF land for that purpose was made some
years since by Japan, and has been referred 70
IN the annual messages OF my predecessors. Inc
slam government has made a gift to che United
states OF commodious quarters in Bangkok. Id
Ora fhn \ fpf - ow mas AYR ~ NM M
chase q building from the government for lega-
tion use. In China. the premises rented for the
legation are favored as to local charges. At Tar
gler the house occupied by our represe ntatlye
has been for many years the property Of this
government, having been given for that purpose
in 1922 by the sultan OF Morocco. Iapprove the
suggestion heretofore made that in view OF the
conditions of life and administration In the
Eastern countries the legation buildings 10
China, Japan, Corea, Siam, and perhaps Persia
should be owned and furnished by the govern
ment with a view to permanency and security.
10 this end / recommend that authority pc
given to accept the gifts adverted to In japan
and Slam. and TO purchase IN the other coun-
tries named, with provision for furniture anu ~,
pairs. A considerable saving in rentals Wouia
result. The worlds industrial exposition held
at New Osaeans last winter, with the assistance
OF The federal government, attracted q laIEs
number of foreign exhibits and proved OF great
value In spreading among the concOurse OF VS.
itors from Mexico and Central and South Amer
lea a wider knowledge of the various manufact-
ures and productions OF this country. and their
availability in exchange for the productions ol
those regions. Past congresses have had unuel
consideration the advisability of abolishing tne
discrimination made by the tariff laws in favor
OF the works Of Americas artists. Tho odium o.
the policy which subject to d high rate OF duly
ttc paintings OF foreign artists, and exempts sag
production OF American artists residing apro4e
and who receive gratuitously advantage anu
instruction.. recotls upon our citizens VI
gagged In art culture In Europe, and has cans ~
them with practical unanimity to favor nhs
abolition of such a n ungracious u y
%tinction; and In their interest, and Is
it.