davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11
Attacking Telephone Monopoly.

The severest onslaught ever made
against Bells telephone patent is in pro
gress. The preliminary hearing before
the Secretary of the Interior shows Il Inc
of attack that embraces Il denial of prior
ity of invention and charge OF fraud on
the part of Bell and of mistake on the
part of the Patent office. The charge OF
fraud is this: That Prof. Gray, who had
invented Il telephone about the same time
and independently of Bell, filed caveat
for telephone on the day of Bells appli-
cation, and that contrary to law the con,
tents of Gray's caveat We're made known
to Bell by an official of the Patent office,
and that within Il few days Bell made an
important amendment to his application
covering the matter described IN Gray
caVeat. If this can be sustained Bell Will
lose his patent. \ great mass ofevidence
has been submitted to prove that Ress,
Gray, Meucci and others invented the
telephone prior to Bell, and this may be
enough to set aside the patent.
That this monopoly ought to he broken
is the common opinion across the length
and breadth of the land, and to those
who are not electrical experts the evi-
dence has long made il probabl" that Bell
was not the original inventor of tine telc-
phone. II the patent should be declared
void, other companies ROW in existence
and 10 be created would compete with the
Bell company. THIS company would pro.
badly hold the field for a time, but In the
long run the best telephone the best eys-
tenn. ana the cheapest rates would gam
favor fhr people could choose in open
market without beng compelled Ia. pay
from as 20 Sl95 a year for the H." ct M
slrumvhts that cost less than a. This Is
Il ligHt in which the people are lnlele~ltd'
and it is generally hoped that the tr.c-
phone monopoly Shall be broNen.-Pdp|'
ITUTd
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11
1856.
Harper'S Bazaar.
ILLUSTRATED.

IIARPER'S BAZAAR is the only paper in the
world that combine, the choicest literature
and the finest art Illustrations with the latest
fashions and methods of household adOrn-
mcnt. Is weekly illustrations and GcSCrlp-
tions of the newest Paris and New York
styles, with its usual puttcrn-ShCCt supple
mcnts and cut patterns, by enabling ladies
times the cost OF subscription. Its papers on
cooking, the management of servants, and
housekeeping in its various details are emf
uently practical. Much attention is given
to the interesting topic of social etiquette
and its illustrations of art needie-wOrk are
acknowledged To Toe unequalled. Its literary
merit Is of the highest excellence, and the
UNIQUE character of lis humorous pictures
has won tor it the name of the American
BltuTN.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11

issue Of new coins of greater weight and
beauty, throwing open the designs for Il
new issue to competition. He recommends
that the entire revenue derived from the
postoflice department 90 through the
treasury, to be spent under its supervision
as all other moneys are which are derived
from revenue of any kind
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11

D
Pc IODTCALS.
Qulrtcrly Review,
Brit. Quarterly Re-
view,
Edinburgh Review,
WcStm MISTER Review,
Contemporary Review
FOrtLightly Review,
The Nineteenth Cen
fury,
Science Miscellany,
Blackwood's Maya =
zine,
Corphill Magazine,
Mucmi.lan's Maga-
zine.
LOngmau'S Magazine,
New Quart. MdEdz ne,
Temple Bar,
RclgrdVia,
Coca Words.
London Society.
saturday Review,
The Spectator,
The Academy,
The AthcnTum.
Nature,
etc, etc.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11
THE TREASURY.
Secretary Manning's Report for the Fiscal
Year ending June 80. 1885.

year June ~. 1880.
The total ordinary receipts of the gov
eminent from all sources for the fiscal
year ending June 80, 1885, were 1923, &C.,
706. 3S. Total ordinary expenditures for
the same period, S3O5, 800, 910.5i; leaving
Il surplus of 1859, 1854. AS compared
with the fiscal year lSSi the receipts for
1885 have decreased S24 ,S29, 1854. Under
the provisions of law, United States bonds
and fractional currency to the amount of
SI5, go, 035.43 were redeemed and applied
to the sinking fund during the past fiscal
year.
The assets of the treasury on the list of
November, 1885, excluding fractional coin
and other unavailable items, were rs fol
lows:
Gold coin and bu!-
lion,....:,...., S?5l359,3i9.29
Less certificates
outstanding 49,. l0g,O9O,G50OO
- sll2,33S,5so?9
Silver coin 90.
bullon...... ljI6jGs1S.ij
Less certificates.
outstanding. B,ii6,772.0O
- 7l,jll,lO6.l5
Lcgal-tcndcr..
notes............. i5,G9j,HL3l
Less certificates.
outstanding 49,. ls,l45,OOOO0
------- 2;,5O,3iL3l
National bank.
notes ....................... l,iH,sl32,
Deposits in Ma.
tiOnal banks NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.. B,j0j,5jO.93
------ 80. ~ .i3l -
The liabilities of the treasury upon the
same date were as follows:
Interest due and
unpaid .............S 2,21O, jj6;5
Accrued interest to
date. .......... 7,22j,1194g
MaturCd debt and
interest ........... 3,9j3,Gs91G
National bank re-
dCmptiOn fund. iS,OjjGjiOG
Discussing officers
balances. ......... 22,774,53LOS
POstOilicc depart
mcnt ............. 3.706,0Sl52
Outstanding drafts
and chcCils....... 4,G}tSt}.2l
legal tender re-
serve. ............. 1O0GOO,NO00
--------- SlR ,6i0 1857
Net balance in treasury ...... SOL, lS2a2 j.
The balance in the treasury has there
fore been increased within the above pc
nj nv bn SuI1 If s1S OI.9 40
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11
THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.
Continued from first pnpeJ


discovering their exact condition and
need. aud determining what steps shall be
prove their situStton in The direction of
their self support ana complete ciVillza-
tloil ....... ,.,,, d, ,,,,,,,,, ,,,r
III wv ", Wy picSGuu S,"l,ns a., ttbo
non OF the Chlrlcahua Apaches on ole
Wmtr mountain reservation In nti ta3
LEV ,ne ftnt, nh'.o,, d''u ',o,iniinnS nm
huillotr VI ilui,le!9 .',iu pi , up
~ 7e'' ~ i"1' INV throotaring ot
tiS"In'u p.'Itu NV, ,moat ,nnoo,,r, ~ tho
o" y" ,"n If th Ina of their reseryation
1870 .D'i vi Wy nttin ,viicb tGnir
~ ,',''',>, W., " .o Win f,iiv tLorn
UmI,.H I,... ,,,,d, Nv thn Irhione
u,cE ,.,,,i,,t,,i ,,,,nnrn,, hmm pvnmin.
,ti,,, ~ H. i,I5,yfnl tbn intruders
80" 49,, i,.,i f., ,,',',rn ,ritb thnir cottin
49, " I',' W. -, I,i,a,,.. H.. ,,.i,
tive prucinmatiun. The enforcement of
mus prncl'll4'Ioil nae. .ne e"tCC "I rtHl,r
lu@ tV',' ""', 'i''i "''i,' i7 Iii ' i',,'i
"'N '"'' ''.' "'' I'N' ' WA ~ '' "
,,,,r pt.prrc no,t,1>
The public domain has its origin in CCS-
sous OI land by the states to the general
government The first cessiun was made
by the State OF New York and the largest.
which IL area exceeded all the others 10y
the State uf Nirgiuia The territory, the
proprirlrlsnip f which became thus
vestpU ,u the General government extend
ed from inc western line OF Pennsylvania
to th,. Mississippi river These patriotic
dona ion, OF the states were encountered
with up condition except that "they
should be- held and used tor
the common benefit of the United
States BY purchase with the common
fund Of all thpppOple, additions were made
to this domain until it extended to the
northern line OF Mexico. the Pacific ocean.
and the Polar sea- the original trust "fOr
the common benefit OF the United States, -
attached to ALL In the execution of that
trust the DO Icv of many homes rather than
larger estates was adopted by the govern
meut That these mignt be easily obtained
and hr the abode OF security and content
ment, the laws for their acquisition were
few, easily understood. and general in
their character But the pressure of local
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11

Carriers Little Liver Pills will positively
cure sick headache and prevent is return.
This Is not talk, but truth. one pin dose
To he h1d Of all Druggists. See advertise
ment.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11
or IMPoRTER'-Gcr-

Birds IS $s5.5... If
aries. bell flute notes, 81,
50; CampaNIri Cluaucs, trained whistlcrS
long trim aud water bubble notes, sS and $40.
dnchc,. IiunctS. Birds safe 10y express. List
lrcc, Bool, on Birds, ieS PIP, so ILLUSTRATIONS,
food, care, diseases, poe" stamps. "Canarics
about birds, So. q. II. Holden, Bowdoin
square, Boston. Mass. %G,dAW3m
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11

/ A UTHOBS.
TT. Hon. T.. W. Glad
stone.
Alfred TennySon.
/ Professor Huxley,
/ Professor Tyndall,
Rich. y. Proctor, b. A.
1 J. Norman LOckyer,
+. X. :.
. DR.. W. b. Carpenter,
+. Il. Tylor.
Professor Max Null
Ter,
( Professor Owen,
4 Matthew Arnold.
f. y. Freeman, d. {.
l..
james Anthony
4 Froudc,
Thomas Hughes,
AlTcrnOn c. swim
buru",
William Black,
Mrs. Oliphant.
Cardinal Newman,
Cardinal Manning,
Miss ThackCry,
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11
HARPER'S PERIODICALS.
Per Year :

Fo.idr, Fr.t m o1 Subscribers ia ~, J-uTot
Ni.f,> uT tfI,rtf.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1885-12-11

The increase in the annual ad valorem
rate of duty on dutiable merchandise,
from 4l1O2 per cent in 1884 to 1904 per
cent in 1883, has been caused mainly by
the decline in the prices of goods subject
TO specific duties, upon which are imposed
high rates of duty.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1885-05-16
A WEAK JURY,

1t is very seldom that u Judge from the
bench feels justified in denouncing d jury
he has impaneled to try criminal case.
A sort of sanctity cnshrouds the verdict Of
twelve good men and true sworn to try a
cause according to the law and the facts.
When Court does rebuke jury it is on
an occasion marked by unusual disregard
for the jurors oath. Judge Van Brunt, of
New York City, happened upon one of
these occasions the other day in the case
of Short, who murderously assaulted
Captain Phelan in the Office of O'Donovan
Rosa, or as he was leaving the office of
that wordy conspirator. Short was tried
before Judge Van Brunt and a jury, and
the latter Haunting the lie in the face of
the evidence in the case, returned a YER
dict of not guilty. The Judge not only
expressed his surprise, but did so in terms
which amounted to a charge that the
jurors were asses, or corrupt In any
light in which viewed, the verdict was
against fact and law, and this the Judge
plainly declared in the presence of the
jury. 1t is charitable to assume that the
jurors were weak men and unequal to the
task of doing plain duty. But if the
jury intended by its verdict to say that the
community would have been benefited by
the killing of Phelan, then the jurors pro-
posed the substitution of brute force for
the orderly methods Of the law, put pre-
MUM upon murder, and attempted to
give license for one vicious fellow to kill
another vicious fellow The Phelan-Short-
O'Donoyan Rosa crowd are bad lot, and
the country would be better off without
them; but for all that, no self respecting
man can defend acts of murder aimed
against them.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1885-05-16
CONTEMPORARY EXPRESSIONS.

LET Us, if we can, endeavor to strengthen the
Democracy under the trials to which it is sub
jected, rather than by any useless quarrels to
break it in twain and to render its future sue
cess difficult, if not impossible. Mr.. Cleveland
has his merits, and let us make the best OF them.
New York sun.
THE man who puts up ramshackle building,
or, owning one, refuses to repair it, is bloody
murderer when the structure falls and kills his
tenants There is law for such criminals and ii
ought to be enforced.-lChicagO Herald.
PEOPLE are unkind enough to say that the
drum Is not the only British thing just now that
is being beaten all around the world.-lSt Louis
Globe-Democrat
IT might be well for our folks at Panama not
to depend too much on the tropical greasers.
The South American revolutionist Is always
most charming when you have the drop on him.
Galveston News.
THE curse OF the Southern service, as q whole,
now is that it is partisan service 1t would be
but little gain for the best interests of the South
that it should remain partisan, and that Demo-
Gratis of the same stamp and with the same mo-
tives and tendencies should replace the Repub-
licans.-lNew York Times.
AVlRGINIA paper says that State wants Yankee
capital. but does not want Yankee methods
When the Yankee carries his capital to any part
of this world, you may bet his methods are not
far behind. No methods, no capital Mime
apolis Tribune.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1885-05-16
OUR sELF-CONTENT.

Consul Scott Of La Guayra, Venezuela,
reports that during residence of nearly
four years at La Guayra, he has seen but
three commercial travellers from the
United States and only one Of these
understood we'll the language Of the coun-
try, and none took orders for more than
two or three lines Of goods, the chief being
biscuits and tobacco But European mer
chants have many solicitors in the country;
they are persistent takers and manage to
place many kinds Of goods upon the mar
ket. They are converaant with the Span
ISL language, and appear to have been
selected with special reference to the
trade Of the country. The Consul cx-
presses reasonable surprise at our mac
tivity relative to the Venezuelan trade
In the matter Of flour, lard and other
staple provisions, we have no reason to
fear competition. All these goods are
now imported, and the bulk, if not ALL
comes from the United States. But there
is vast deal Of merchandise that VIC
might control which is now manipulated
bv European merchants. Ourwhi cotton
fabrics control the markets, but European
prints supplart ours. Generally our inn
ports at La Guayra exceed those Of any
other nations, but the Consul believes that
we should control very nearly all imports.
That we do not results from our own neg
lect. Europeans are impreo-ing them
selves, their tastes and habits
upon Venezuela, but there are few
American merchants there, and
an American on arrival finds
himself among 4 people with but little if
any sympathy for us. The remedy pro-
posed is for our manufacturers to combine
and employ responsible agents TO repre-
sent them who are familiar with the lam
guage, intelligent, and distinguished for
energy. These should be supplied with
full lines of samples; they must study the
tastes Of that people and report their pc
culiarities and predictions, that our inn
ports may be prepared to suit. For in
stance, we consider the American axes the
very best, but they are not wanted at all in
Nenzuela. Our pots and iron kitchen
utensils We know to be superior, but the
Venezuelan will not pay even the duty on
them, The long-credit system is neces-
Sity IN that country, and the Europeans
adapt themselves to it with perfect success
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1885-05-16
THE EXCUSE FOR FRAUD.

4 believer in Airs. Reynolds Crindle,
the exposed spiritual medium, attempts, in
the Stockton Independent, to explain away
the damaging exposition of her frauds
The method employed is not even ingeni-
Gus 1t will be remembered that various
sized figures, all clad in white, appeared at
the door of the cabinet. Some came out
into the room and talked with spectators
and permitted visitors to touch them.
That Suddenly, when one of them was
alone, a newspaper man seized the figure,
and that il proved to be that of the medi-
um, in scant attire-Such, indeed, as a lady
ventures upon only in the privacy of her
dressing room. Now says the apologist
It cannot be denied that this finding the me
dunn uudressed has the appearance OF Il shame
ful cheat. SO it must rest until II is retrieved 10y
q reasonable explanation and intelligent dem
onstratiOn. Here is one adverse fact 10 half n
dozen affirmative facts, of which no weight or
note is given. In answer to that one fact / of
fer the following spirit solution of a similar ex-
10 Miss Florence Cook. which gives reason
why the dress was taken off the medium
The case referred to is reported in the
Banner Of Light, a spiritual paper, and re-
fers to the expose of Florence Cook, in
London. She was caught precisely as was
the Reynolds-Crindle woman, and the ex-
PLANTATION advanced in her behalf is now
nut forward for the California fraud. The
"theory" reads:
Now. to explain this inconsistency so far as
the working and result of any of natures myste-
ries may be explained. Miss Cook was con
trolled by a little spirit called Marie, who took
the principal charge of her during the NANTES
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1885-05-16
NEWS OF THE MORNING.

IN New York yesterday Government bond
we're quoted at 12l9E for As of 1897; 1254 for 479
sterling, 81 6s94 90; 1857 for IS; silver bars
1855
Silver in London, t91sd; oonsols, 98 7-l6d;
per cent. United States bonds, extended IV0' Is
HAS As. ll334.
IN San Francisco Mexican dollars are quoted
at S4@Sf}4 cents
In the mining share market at oal fiaAiOIAVc
yesterday the Conlstocks sold at slightly reauceo
prices, excepting a few stocks. BUSINESS was
active among the brokers. The outside STOCKS
mad few changes.
An armed mob overpowered the guarG In
Brazos county, Tex, and released forty con
victs.
John Langster (colnred) Was hanged IN Wash
1ngton yesterday for murder.
Rugg, the Maybee murderer, was executed
Yesterday at Hunter Point, Long Island.
It is denied that MG.lsiguor Morgan has been
appointed to the Dublin Archbishoprc,
England is trying to sell to Egypt the railway
material now on board the ships at Suakim.
Austria and Germany will not ratify the
Egyptian convention until autumn.
Minister Phelps arrived at Southampton yes
cerday, en- route to London.
Ills reported that Russia has entirely rejected
she latest British proposals.
Military preparations continue in India
The steamers Munidia and Messina came IN
collision off the English coast and ten OF the
latter's crew were drowned
Rx-Minster Lowell dined with Queen Vic
toria. at Windsor Castle. yesterday.
IN family shooting ARRAY at Vallejo, Michael
O'Keefe. his wife and daughter, were danger
ously wounded
4 startling exhibit of the helplessness of the
Atlantic and Pacific seacoast detenses has been
made by Lieutenant Griffin.
It is said that Postmaster-General Villas and
che President are at cuts.
i is not settled yet who is 70 be United States
Minister to China.
During the past seven days 800 business fail
urcs occurred in the United States, against 2lS
the previous week.
No vote was taken in the Illinois Legislature
yesterday for Senator, and an adjournment was
had until Tuesday next.
The rebel loss in the fight at Batouchc, Mani
toba, was 81 killed and l73 wounded
Since the cheap fare OH the river steamboats,
was inaugurated, Stockton has been overrun
with san Francisco toughs
Heavy rains fell yesterday in Northern Ca4i-
fornia.
California cherries are selling IN New York at
81 per pound.
The revolt of the Mohammedan population OF
Kashgar against Chinese rule has assumed
serious proportions.
General Graham with number OF British
troops, will leave 8uakim to-day for England.
The strike of railroad employees at Denver,
Col, has ended in q complete failure
Zach Montgomery has been appointed Assist
snt Attorney General Of the Interior Depart
ment.
At Owatonna, Mimi, Thursday night, FIVE
children of Henry Lewiston persisted in the
flames of his burning residence.
Copies OF the revised version of the Old Tesla
ment were furnished the London newspapers
last night.
Another day of excellent racing wa had yes
acrday st Louisville, KY
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1885-05-16
pAssENGEas FROM TIE EAST,
SPECIAL BY TELEGRAPH 70 THE EEooED-UstoN.

PRoMoEToRy tUtahl, May 15th.-The fol
lowing overland passengers passed here
to-day, to arrive in Sacramento May 18th
J. Kirk, J. 2. Underworld, New York; F
Cannon. Denver. Ind; Mrs. J. Bartell, De
troit, Mich A. Field and wife, w. i. Wat
son. L. Perkins and wife, New York Miss
l.. Clark, England NJ. NJ. Dixon and wife
New York W. C. Muller, Montana Mrs
l.. Munger, Butte, Mont
NEwHALL, May 15th.-The following
overland passengers passed Newhail May
18th, 10 arrive i'll San Francisco May 10th
hrs. c. NJ. Grafton. Mrs c. J. Bruce, James
l.. Wilder and wife, w. II. Pentilton and
wife, San Francisco; John Daggett, Oak
land Miss 7. S. Tone, Miss S. @. Meek.
San Lorenzo; c. J. Frost. Sacramento; J.
II. Garnet, Dixon H. L. Moss, Kansas
City; f. r. Earl and wife, San Francisco
Miss c. c. Thomas Miss Z. rockingham,
Boston; John White, William Vale, San
Francisco; +. 2. Baker. New York city
r. II. Magill, Alameda; George T. Aines,
Mrs. NJ. Eberhardt, w. u. Witham, w T.
Garratt, wife and daughter, T. N.Williams,
Sam. Vuttean and wife, San Francisco; d.
p. Whine, New York city; p. Lazarus,
Miss Coughan, Louisiana; Geo. A. Harris,
Connecticut; J. A. Fitzpatrick, Iowa; F.
z. Marsh, Oakland o. f. Harris, Colonel
Nicholas de Lacerda, Mexico Miss Matte
Nicely, Sacramento.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1885-05-16
ARB0R DAYS.

The United States Bureau Of Education
has responded to numerous demands for
information respecting tree planting and
She celebration Of Arbor Day, by issuing
pamphlet devoted to that subject. 1t con
fists of Dr.. Hough's monograph FIRST issued
In 1883, an essayon trees and tree planting
by John B. Peaslee, of Ohio, with 4 pre-
face by Warren Higley, Of Cincinnati, and
= number Of pages of extracts from letters
and papers by eminent authors on the same
subject in both prose and poetry. Thus we
have the views of J. 7. Headley, Oliver
Wendell Holmes, George p. Marsh, J. G.
Whittier, Benson j. Losing. Professor B.
p. Mann, Moncurc D. Conway, S. F. Carey,
George p Morris Emerson, Cooper, Burns
Lowell, Bryant, Ru5kin, Irving and others
A great deal Of stress is laid upon the
benefit Of teaching children the uses of
trees and the important part they play IN
the economy of nature. Commissioner
Eaton. in an introduction, urges the adj
visibility of adjoining school grounds by
planting shade and ornamental trees, and
points to the example of Hon. B. G.. North
rup, Of Connecticut, by whose activity
movement was inaugurated in that State,
By which the surroundings of rural school
houses were improved almost beyond re-
cognition. SO, too in West Virginia, Hon,
BI. Butcher worked a similar reform,
and under Dr. Peaslee greater Improvement
in the same direction has been effected in
Ohio. The reference to rural school sur
roundings Is timely As a rule in towns
and cities the school grounds are well set
with trees, but As a rule, also, in the coun-
Try where there is the broadest opportunity
for tree cultivation on school grounds the
least is done Who has not been struck
by the singular fact that our country
brethren in a majority Of cases locate the
school-house upon the most exposed piece
Of ground where there is the maximum Of
barrenncss as regards tree growth. The
country sohool-housc j. ali too often situa-
ted upon bald bit of earth with never
sprig Of vegetation near it to shelter it
from the heat of the sun in summer
OF the blasts Of the storms Of win
ter. The rural young idea finds
most frequently nothing in the school
grounds to please the eye, cultivate the
love for the beautiful or give him any
pride in the locality. The story is briefly
told by Mr. Elson Of how Sylva's efforts to
introduce ornamental plantations in 1864
into England resulted in benefits not even
he had foreseen, since the tree growth his
Iabors secured eventually resulted in sup
plying England with timber needed in the
construction Of navy with which she
maintained her supremacy at sea during
the Napoleonic wars. In interesting chill
dren in tree culture we introduce them
with delightful ease to an important phase
of landscape gardening; we teach them
importan; facts in meteorology; excite
their curiosity relative to growth pro-
cesses of nature; the quality of soils; the
cause and effect of the fall of moisture
TO the ground; the right methods Of trans
planting what kinds of trees are best to
plant, and their adaptation to climate, soil