National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1885-12-23
THE OLD COUNTRY.
Consul General walters Report Upon
the Trade of Great Britain and Ire

,lnnus
Consul General Waller has made an
elaborate report to the State Department IN
regard to the commerce and condition OF
trade of Great Britain and Ireland for the
year ended Sept. 30, 1885, OF which the fol.
lowing is q summary: The population Of
the United Kingdom is 36,325,ll5, an In
crease of 1868, $50 over 1884. The loss from
emigration during the year (303,90l) was
reduced hy immigration to lS0,435. The
total wealth Of the nation amounts to
sl3,GC0,0O0, 600, allowing about Sl,245 to
every man, woman, and child. or about
$500 more than such division In the
United States would produce. While the
savings banks returns indicate the com
parative prosperity Of thrifty class
whose annual savings average from
S!5 to $50 per annum, still the pecuniary
condition Of large part Of the population
is exceedingly distressing. Statistics show
that oncout Of every thirty.six residents
are registered as paupers. The poverty is
undoubtedly greater than has ever been ex-
pcricnced in the United States. Evidence
Is given " the great liberality Of English
people TO their poor. The great prevalence
Of crime is nscrbed IN part to the intemper-
ancc of women, to the suppression Of which
the hest efforts Of the country are being d.
reCted. While one.tcnth OF the population
are engaged in agriculture one-tifth OF the
area Of England Is held by 1913 proprietors,
one.fOurth Of Scotland by twelve, and one
third Of Ireland by 2g2 The value OF the
average agricultural produce is variously
estimated at from $3.50, 100000 to $780,
600. 900.
The free rudimentary education OF chill
dren is one Of the leading questions engag-
Ing public attention, and the history OF edu-
cation In the United States Ia cited In sup
port of such a policy. The total current
governmental expenditures for the year
ended March 81 last was s5N, l39.995, from
which the largest appropriations were first,
to meet interest and charges on the funded
aud floating debt: second, for the main
tonnncc Of the army: third, for civil service;
fourth, for the navy, and, fifth, for judicial
expenses. The national income from all
sources for the same period amounted to
$500, l3g,VH5, Of which Sl35, 600, 900 was the
net produce Of excise on internal revenue,
and so, 1907 800 from customs.
The postal system of Great Britain Is
highly commended. There are 1864 miles
Of railroad in operation In the country, rep
resenting u capital Of - ,001 800, 600, and
paying an average dividend uf ~ per cent.
The marine carrying trade Of Great Britain
employs nearly 25O,OOO men, aud cOnsti-
the world. The mining product Of coal and
metals, amounting to ldS.I22, iA tons, was
3,bl3, 1872 tons less than that Of 1884, and in
valuation $50, iiS, li5 less.
The total value of the exports Of the king
dom for 1854 was 81, Az. S37 ,9l5, decrease
of SlSI, 3G5. $50 for the same period, that is
the decrease in exports was Sl3T,0l7,6l5
less than the decrease In imports.
The exports of the United States to Great
Britain IN 1854 amounted to S43l ,3g2, 105, a
decrease of SG4, S02,095.
The exports from Great Britain to the
United States for the same period amounted
to l63,G92,G Cos, Il decrease Of $40, 969, s65.
While the difference In the diminutiOn of
trade between the countries was S44, S32, go
In favor of the kingdom, the balance OF
trade was S2G1, ZOO, 600 in favor Of the United
States. The principal falling off in the
English exports was IN wrought and un.
wrought metals, cOttons, earthen and china.
ware, machinery, wearing apparel, skins
and furs, chemicals and dyc.stufIs, hard
ware aud cutlery, cement and animals. The
principal increases were IN silk manufac
lures. Geographic apparatus, wool, aud
| paper rags.
TIE principal falling of IN United State,
| exports to Great Britain was In corn, grain
| and flower. and the chief increases In sugar
copper. and hops. The fact is encourag
ingly significant that the United State,
maintained the large percentage Of formei
years in the aggregate imports OF grain
| flour, and cotton.
The present indications are that tn,
record for the current year on the trade o.
the two countries will he In all respects al
| improvement on 1884. General causes hav,
undermined profitable cereal cultivation
until now the depression has reached III
acutcst stage. The year has also witnessed
u serious decline In the cheese making ant
sheep raising industries. The wheat acre
age continues to decrease and show
D falling off Of y per cent 81
compared with last year. The bal
anco Of cereal cultivation has not, how
ever, been seriously disturbed. American
competitors and bad seasons have born,
most heavily upon wheat, although tn
British yield per acre is the largest In tn
aud small transportation rates have touched
most heavily on this point. and the tim
has come when the American producer
should, us they have been doing OF late
turn their attention to the English ant
European oat and barley markets, wher
the severe rivalry OF India will least flee
them. There is an evident revival Of tn
fax cultivation, and the trade Is very mucl
encouraged. The continual decease In tn
| NUMBER OF pigs is hscTlDeu 10 Ine prcVa
lence OF the swine fever and the cOmpe
titiOn Of American pork and bacon.
The aggregate exports from the variou
United States consular districts for tn
year amounts to Sl32, ia, 506; decrease o
S2iGOl, lO0 from the preceding year, and o
| S46. 726, $50 for the year 1889. Every con
sulate except those at Belfast and Bristo
participates IN this decrease. An analyst
Of the returns show that since the begin
ming Of iSS5 business has slowly but steadil
improved throughout the kingdom, nearl.
OnC-half Of the decrease Of the fiscal yea
having occurred In tie December quarter
The total value Of exports from tn
kingdom TO the United States from Oct, |
1873, to Sept. 30, 1885, was 81 $3.50, 229, 500
having increased from S94, s93,660 In 1871
to Sl32, 7l3596 In 1885. The export
reached their maximum during the tel
years In 1850, when they amounted I,
Sl9l, 0T3,290. since which year they hav
been gradually decreasing.