The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1885-05-27
Datraiian 6aEettt.
WEDNESDAY, NAY p Isss
The Ascent of Mauna LOa.
THE GREAT CRATERS KILAUEA
AND MOkUWEOWE0
VISITED.
Camping at Night in the Pit OF
the Summit Crater.
AZ Iat.rc..lag Asssas, q &C. rriP.
H1tn. H,w,II. s.h Nav. ISIS

d "
;auritirs IL Question reaching and visiting ths
tyro geographical points 90 the leland OF HaW-
All. which msy BE written down a., Of al
others, The most remarkable in general, as
well as scientifically the most importsni; The
erate-s namely. Of KilaBea and MokuSWao-
wac,
The volc1nism Of Kilapea IS clearly less in
the present than II has been in the past. To
say nothing ci years sSO, when there were IN
Eiiarea, The ncrth lake, directly under the
crater wal on which the Volcano House ROW
stands. an3, two niles distant, the south lake
and Halsmarusu. along with perpetual flows
ard uuuerucs vent holes here, there aud
every Ehere SEEMINGLY, according TO sll &C
counts. there were IN that same crater. 10
longer aso than ISIS two lakes in VigOr-
Gus cperaticu, oue Of them breaking up al the
time. and the other every hour and hall; ~
/ place CT the enc lake and vent bole Of the
present, which Is Substantially, the entire vol
cane demonstration now left II the fAr-famed
volcanic center.
All of which Is not saying that hilAuea is
CO It's way &c sure extinction, as a volcano, in
ibe 10 distant future, ibe real fact being, that,
lust IS all Ere disappeared from the kilauea
| lakes 10 lS6S, bUr, after while returned
l .hilher, 50 the smaller amount OF subterranean
beat A. present issuing frum this famous orr
I ice may be followed BY the issuance there
| from Of larger amount IN the time to come.
/ While VIC cannot forecast future volcanic ae-
\ tiyities 90 The zoe hand, neither can we fore
/ cast. en- tie ether hand, the lack or cessation
I OF such activities Periodicity seems 70 be
I feature pertaining 10 most volcanoes, and
| hilluea which does not seem to be 4 periodic
volcano ~ al, may be, after ALL slowly oseillai-
/ I1S between a greater and less degree Of H.
I ;easiiy marking Its activity.
n June, lSS2, l spent several days beside
| the rev lake. watching It's movements and
! fCgaG that the cocle,l crust on the surface Of
/ 1t, was then breaking up once every hour and
a half, glu1st 70 . usiuuts;-this same crust
thIl Is, gave way every hour and half
brgke into fragments, plunged into the fiery
mass beneath and was remsl,ed; while a new
ard fresh crust Immediately proceeded TO form
IN is place. The molten lava Of Halemaurlan,
the other lake, had, AZ this same DATE, (June,
ISL too much heat pouring up from it. TO
allow the formation Of 4 crust On its surface,
sxcep; &c 4 very limited extent.
Watching these sane lakes u April. ISIS,
aiuCs. three years later, l notieel this change.
that, whereas the new AXE IN June. iSS2,
broke up every hour AMI bah. IN April, 1855,
It breke only once in three ur fuEr weeks: and
whereas HllemaumaU in June did not break
up az all, (JLe amount Of heat emitted from il
rot allowing tie formation Of a crust upon it
70 be broken Up, this sane HalemaamI1 in
April, iSSS, broke " once II about - hours:
rs heat having sune down, in the interval Of
three years, 80 as 70 be abou. equal in volume
ard intensity to that Of the new lake in June,
IsS2.
No, that HaleuaGmau behaved itself after
altogether tie SIms fashion IN iSS5, as the
new lake did in lSS3; j. did not The heat Of
the new lake IN So, seemed to be quite evenly
distributed through It's entire mass; while that
Of Hdleuauu1u IN ISIS, seemed TO be eoucen-
sra-5G IN Is Interior areas; the result Of which
tlIerecce would naturally be and was, that.
While The new lake IN lSS3, used CO mmouly 10
break Up all ever It's surface. and with much
hur,y lu-iy and Demonstration, the periodic
e-sakiu-s up Of H1lemaGu4G three years later,
we've mostly confined % its outer periphery; The
central portion Of tho surface q this sane
l1lzs- by reason Of the intense and continuous
beat given Of from It, being kept broken up,
nearly at the umes just'as its whole surface
vas kept orUken up, in the same way, three
years before. And the April, ISSj, breakiUgs
lp ot the solid crust Of Halemaamau. I found.
turtLetuore- to he .lllBg place quietly, tamely,
and almost without observation; although It's
June, lss-, breaking up, took place fsura-
lively speaking, with ''bip. hip, hurrg.' and
tie tlare Of trumpets.
A fessrrsf- OF molten lava, IN process Of
cuolirE l5 matter how large, will crust over
ana the crust remain wholly uudisturbed,
growing thicker and thicker, until the whole
liquid mass beneath become solid rocks: while
yet Use Of lava, ! mass CT molten lava that
Z, winch Is receiving from below continual
accession % is cal0ric, IN the form Of super
heated steam gus CT atmospheric zir) viii
crust over indeed, bat then, the crust thus
termed, VII Mt for any length Of time re-
--al1 ind disturbed: the uprising through the
zsry lGulc bezeath, OF superhelted steam CT
gas, tending TO uplItt the crust above II: until
a. length the tension, uccasionei By the an
.azcu1sn 10 each ether Of the elasticity Of the
s1per1eatsd steam Or gas confined beneath, |
and the downward pressure OF the rocky crust |
resting It's tIll weight on the unwilling prfs- |
lCsC below, becoming too severe to Be e. /
curec any longer, the crust gives way The !
cuuhEgc -gses below OF course esunoC give |
w1yl= which giving way IS seen % tASe place !
Somewhat as follows; 4 fragment Of the crust. |
which has already cracked eff frum the main !
body Is observed TO tilt up and plunge into |
the 5er- sea beneath (co0led lava having /
greater specific gravity than mslt.n lava.) |
Then The next aclgining fragment, unsupported |
as Il Is ca cue side, follows suit. and then an
ether, another and still another; the process /
coming &c N end, only when az the otI crust /
has gone down and been remelted, and new 1
and Tim crust has bes= formed to take the I
place Of the old; this new and thin crust, after
a while becoming CID and thick, AMI in It's 1
turn, going the way CT its predecessor.
Molten lava may be and often Is 90 Lct IS
to forbid the formatioa On the surface Of 1t,
when that surface cCmes II contact with the 4
atmosphere, % any crust az all, or so hot as 10
forbid The formation ca It's surface Of ANYTHING
more than very thin and fraguentzry crusr: 4
or Ct degree Of heat 70 allow the foruation 4
co IL surface, Of i crust four OF si1 inches IN
thickness, which serves 70 impris0u the elas-
TIC gases, beneath, until, the tension becoming
too great they break the stony covering over
them this lzst the stains Of the new lake in
81, and Of Halemau1a1 IN 1851, or Sc cecil
that, what with the relief the tension beneath
l. able to obtain through sGndry cracks or
vent hole it may be, the crust ca the surface
Of Ir. very seldom or almost never breaks I'd.
have repeatedly thrown iron wire into the
molten lava CT kIla1sa; the wire thrown into
the new axe, first re,idsning, then embedding
ITSELF IN the crust and 50 refusing to be drawn
cut again g. report its culditicu- that thruwn
II LltllladliI4 Win fragment OF rpcE II
lached e the end Of IL as i ziukar, puIIiaz
down. down and down. as II 4 huge fish had
hold Of bait al the end Of II, and presently
thereafter burning CT; while that thruEu into
The present vent hole 0f the new lake Oarre
fence wire fused N about i've Minutes, aad
that too at a distance somewhat above The
unitsn lava Now the fusion DaiaE Of alaIle-
able iron Is 1900 CsHtgrade, OF 2sl1 FGEr1n
heir- s. that the temperature Obtaining. 1t the
surface Of the molten Lava 0f Eilauea, is not
less than 5000 FIhrsnheii; while how much
above that figure IL may be cannot NV Be AZ
irmed- Mr.. " :. Terry Of HIio has re-
7eatsdly meited both "a and gahsehae IN 4
blacksmith f1rgs-)
But not more than twenty OF thirty niles
distant from kilaRea. i another volcano, ex-
lihIGug phenomena Of heat and eruptiv. 6grrs
when Il does 50 EXHIBIT on much vaster
md Erzudsr scale than anything ever beheld
n the crater uEually visited by t1urists,-4a-
ltler Fllcals I say; for while the arzrmsnt
lt Distinguished Hlwaiian vulcanist IS N
ingenious oues thar, ca the suppositi0u, Of the
molten Substance constituting Il, having
7ruporunnally greater specific gravity, the
shorter enluma Ct lava terminating az kilaasa.
xculd. balance ten Thousand feet Ioagsr cnIaula
.sruIlatIug 1t 4ssaawsnVeo, there l. not a
shred CT evidence f1rthcumings &C far az I
NOV thar fha zlr-rrz5fil-- n sr---z-s-r = - I