Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1885-09-24
STUTTGARTS SCHOOLS.
THE POLTECHNIkUM, ARCHITECTS
SCHOOL AND GYMNASiA.
Studies Which VIII Assist and ulumIne
Every Practical Art In Which Men
Encage-The Builders-In
Gymnasum.

lie eIucatluhai pride OF Stuttgart u It's
polyteehnikum. The polytechnikum >tands
at the head Of the practical tendency in edp-
cation, as the university does of the So
called Humanitarian" culture. One Of the
finest Of the German schools is located
here. 10 occupies group Of buildings fitted
up with elias. and lecture rooms museums.
libraries. studies. laboratories aud WORK
shop. The faculty consists OF about 100
/ professors and teacLerS The institution in
cludes special schools Of architecture enyi-
neering. machinery, chemistry, pharmacy,
raiiroading and teiegraphy, and there are
studies which viii assist aud illumine every
/ practical art in which men engage.
The course OF studies offers a wide range
and yet all are related to tie chosen depart
ment. For instance, in the school OF engi-
neering there is four years course of
study, with mechanics both mathematical
and technical, physics, chemistry, miner
aiogy and geognosy, building forms, build
ing construction. drawing, shadow, per-
spective plan, and ground plan: theory of
building materials, geometry. analytic and
descriptive, theory OF engineering. brilge
building. waterways. streets, railways. in
all of which experimentation and practice
accompany the instructions
In addition 10 the technical instruction, OK
which a sample has been given there
are lectures on hygiene. ancient art, his
tory OF art, Italian painting of the
Rensis ance, sculpture, with specimens
in plaster Of all the great works; theory of
transportation, laws of trade, German Ian
guage and literature. French. English and
Italian lessons, studio in Shakespeare and
Goethe, and finally mention instruction in
stenography.
The students who graduate from the poly.
technikum are, by the necessities of the
case, o. come in direct contact with the la
boring masses. as their overseers and lead
err. Zach man, therefore, will become i'm
SO far as the training has done its intsniei
work Tor him, an educational and liberaliz-
ing force in living contact with the people
who need him most He, in turn. will be-
come itnerant professor Of law. literature.
history and art, and many a handicrafts-
mans vision viii be extended through his
help.
Not only does Stuttgart have this great
indu trial university. but it also has Bau-
Gewerk-ScEuie for builders and architects,
which have been much interested in visit
ing IL occupies great stone building.
handsomely furnished, and only separates
from the polytechnikum by one intervening
park. Ii differs from the similar depart
ment in this institution by the lower re-
quirements in the entrance examina tions
and by the course of study, occupying three
year insteaI OF four. As far as / could
judge, also more attention is raid TO the
technical details Of the builders art Draw
ing is very prominent, including free hand.
machine dra awing. shadow construction AMI
ornamental drawing. The mathematics in
clude algebra, geometry and trigonometry.
French is obligatory for two years and op-
tional third. History, geography, English
and German literature are also optional
In addition to all the technical studies. in
Guiding strength Of materials. methods Of
support, elements of machinery, and the
like, are given lessons in mechanics, chem
is try and physics. The French language
Is taught because of its practical uss with
workmen who speak that tongue. The
students number about 800 in the winter
semester, and a smaller number in summer
The discipline is much more severe and the
students life less free than at the polytech-
nikum. The results are probably better in
proportion During the course there are
exercises in speaking and writing the Ger
man language.
One of the students informed me that his
total expenses for the year, incudin board.
clothes, tuition, books and amusements,
would be less than $500 II can easily be
assumed that the amusements can be neither
very numerous nor very dangerous.
There are in Stuttgart two gymnasia.
have visited one, the Eberhard Iudwig's,
gymnasium. The rector, Herr Professor
Ossterlen received me very kindly and gave
me much information. The gymnasium
occupies two moderate sized buildings, old !
and ugly; but let us not believe them fit
SO ..x(S II. Il
the propagation of which they are used.
There are forty professors and teachers and
about 500 students 1t will at once be seen
how little like an American college the gym
nasium is when tell you il has q ten years
course Of study. and that the usual time Of
entrance Is s or years Of age The course
Of instruction for the first year is religion,
German, latin, arithmetic through short
division and writing
Religion" is an optional study and con-
sists chiefly Of Bible history. to which are
devoted three hours per week During the
last four years OF the course there are two
professors OF religion, one Catholic and the /
other Protestant, who instruct the youth in /
their somewhat varying views of history /
and faith according To the preference Of i
parents or guardians Geography is added
the second year, and history the third His
tory then holds its place in the course
throughout the remaining seven years, al
though only from one 20 two hours per
week are given for its instruction. The
American practice in teaching history is to
commence with the history Of the United
States, but the Germans commence with the
history of the Morning land" Egypt,
Ph9nicia, Assyria, etc, and walk down the
ages. ending with "From the peace Of West
phalia to the nineteenth century," Latin
continues throughout the course, and, after
four years instruction. Cesar is reached.
While the Latin course will compare
favorably with the work done IN the Amer
ican colleges, the Greek is much more
limited. In mathe matics no comparison is
possible, as the tenth and last year In the
gymnasium finds the student with algebra.
geometry and plane trigonometry. French
Is taught from two to three hours per week
Tor four years. and there are optional studies
Of two hours a week in English for three
years, three nours in Hebrew for three years.
and one hour per week in Italian for ono
year.
II is difficult to see how any substantial
progress can be made by such light work,
but only the preliminary work Is expected
10 be accomplished. Natural science Is re-
served for the last two years, and only two
hours per week is given 70 the pursuit Of
chemistry. botany, geology, zoology, and
physics. OF course that only makes q mere
glimpse through the ouen door DossiblA