Springfield globe-republic. (Springfield, Ohio) 1884-1887, 1885-07-07
PRACTICAL ART.
Some Recent Achievements In That l.

PRACTICAL AtT.
Some Recent Achievements In That Line.
Twenty miles is the distance penc-
trated by the improved fog-signals now
in use. This power, it appears, is
gained by two slotted cylinders, ono
fixed and the other revolving in it.
The slots, as they pass one another,
stop or cut off the passage of compress
ed air or steam, thus causing n series
of vibrations, and, consequently, a mu-
steal note, the pitch of which depends
upon the speed of the revolving cylin-
der. In order to vary this note it is
only necessary to control this velocity
The doubc-note horn is formed with a
casing, within which are fixed slotted
cylinder and a revolving cylinder NOV
ing upon spindle. The slots are
formed in each cylinder at opposite in
clined angles. so that the motive fluid
impinging against number of inclin-
ed planes causes the inner cylinder TO
revolvo with great rapidity, carrying
two disks. These are attached to the
common spindle, and upon their peri
phcrics are pressed levers, under the
action of small pistons operated by dia-
phragms, to the outer surface of which
compressed air is admitted. One brake
is put on for high note, both brakes
for a low note.
Large quantities of timber are now
crcosoted at the West in a special man.
nor, for railroad purposes, the effect
being to increase the tenacity of the
wood for holding spikes, etc, as well
as its density and ability to resist me-
chanical wear. This is done by means
of an apparatus consisting of boiler
plate cylinder, of size adapted to the
timber; this cylinder is of strength
sufficient to resist 800 pounds pressure
per square inch. and has track ex-
tending for its whole length along the
bottom, the cylinders ends being clos
ed by strong iron doors, air and water
tight. When timber has been run into
the cylinder and the doors closed,
steam at about 100 pounds pressure is
elected into the cylinder, the supply
continuing as required by the nature
and dryness of the wood; the steam is
then shut of, and vacuum pumps
worked as long as any liquids or vapors
are obtained, the hot preserving liquid
being now run into the cylinder from
the reservoir until full. The force
pumps are again operated until the in
terror pressure is some 100 pounds per
inch, and kept thus until sufficient pre-
scryative fluid is forced into the pores
of the wood; the force pumps are now
shut off, and the crcosote oil or other
liquid contained in the cylinder is dis
charged in n suitable cistern. after
which the doors at the ends of the cyl
indcr are opened and the car carrying
tiie timber or ties run out.
A great many napkins and other ar
ticics of usefulness are now made in
Europe from the bark of the paper
mulberry. The bark for these pur-
poses is first dried in the air for two or
three days, then plunged for twenty
four hours in current of fresh water,
after which, with the aid Of particu-
lar kind of cord, the two species of fl
brcs Of which it is composed are sep
aratcd. The interior iibres are those
from which fine paper is made; they
are rolled into balls weighing about
thirty-iive pounds each, which are
washed anew in running water, in
which they are allowed to soak a
shorter time than previously, and are
then dried; finally they are boiled in
lyc made from the ashes of buckwheat
Hour, constant stirring being kept up;
another washing in pure water carries
away the last impurities, and the iibres
are next pounded with hammers of
wood for about twenty minutes; after
this they are a second time rolled into
balls, and finally transformed into
pulp, rice-water being mixed with it.
The subsequent treatment of the pulp
is identical With that of the ordinary
manufacture Of paper. Leather pa
per- is obtained by the superposition
of many sheets of the material previ-
ously stepped in "yonoko," pressed,
and glazed with "shellas."
The operation has been successfully
accomplished by a German chemist OF
separating rags Of cotton aud wool
mixed by subjec,ing them to the action
of a Jet Of superheated steam. Under
a pressure of five atmosphcres the
wool mclts and sinks to the bottom of
the receptacle. while cotton, linen, and
other vegetable fibres stand, thus re-
naming suitable for paper manufac-
ture The liquid mud which contains
the wool precipitatcd by this means is
then desiccated; the residue, to which
is given the name of azotine, is COM
pletcly soluble in water, and Is valua-
bic on account of its nitrogen. The in
creased value of the pulp free from
wool is sufficient to cover the cost of
the process. .-New York Sun.