Weekly commercial herald. (Vicksburg, Miss.) 1884-18??, 1885-12-11

measures for It's realization Dtyonu lne Sop,
OF our national policy or present means. IN
lanse ~ years las abundantly confirmed The
wi.dOm and fOrethOught OF these tarlier al
mi istratiOns which, long before the conditions
OF maritime intercourse, were changed ant
Fnlarged by the progress OF the age, proclaimed
lie vial need OF inter-Oeeanic transit across The
American isthmus and cODseerated II IN ad
vance to the common use OF mankind, by theil
positive declaration and through the lorna
obligation Of treaties. Toward such TeanLaIlOn
the efforts Of my administration will be ap
Piled, ever bearing in mind the preetpIs On
which 1t must rest and which were declared ~
no uncertain tones by Mr.. Cass, VINO, Wnllt
Secretary of State, in 1859, announced t0al
'iwhat lie United states want Ia Central Annex
lea, need TO the happiness OF JUS people, IS Lht
security and neutrality OF the Inter-Oceanlt
routes. which lad through IT," Inc cOnsIru'
ton Of three trans continental lines
ton. wholly within our territory, and uni
ting the At antic and the Pacific oceans, ha:
been accompanied by results OF a most interest
ing and impressive nature, ana mas created new
conditions, not in the routes Of commerce only
but in political geography, winch powerfully
affect OH relations toward, and OF necessity IN
crease our interests IN any Lrans-lsthmlal route
which may be opened and employed LOT tneehds
OF peace and traffic; or, in other contingency
for uses inimicai to both. Transportation IS Z
factor in the cost Of commodities scarcely secOnu
to that of their production, and weighs az nea.u-
ly upon the consumer. Our experience aile@hy
! Has DIONtH TIT EItdI llIlDUL anu "a .
COMPETITION between land carriage ana water
carriage Gully developed, racn actlllg a. a to
lection to the public against tne Iednnnstitntion
monopoly which Is inherent ID tne usst cor
of wealth and D wer in the hands OF Yast oUi-
pOratiOns. These suggestions may serve 10 eLl-
phasize what l have u ready saiu on ,n1 az nv
of the necessity Of the IederdIlLdtlVn W any
inter-Ocean transit. and tDls cah ondy ue ~ ~
DlIshed by making the uses OF lheIouts upeil W
Iii nations and subject to the anDlllouS ana
w Ta necessities oil none. The drawing aud
rennrt Of a recent survey OF me Nicaragua
canal route, made by, Chlel E1gineer Mcioc"i'
viii be communicated for your Information.
The claims OF citizens OF the United states Tor
losses bV reason of the late military operations
OF Chill, in Peru and Bolivia, are the suDJect OF
negotiation for the claims, ana a convention
with Chill, providing for their submission to
arbitration.
The harmony Of our relations with China Is
fully sustained. In the application OF the acts
lately passed to execute the treaty OF lSS =,
restrictive of the immigration OF Chinese la
bOrers into the United States, individual cases
OF hardship have occurred beyond the power OF
the executive to remedy. and calling for Judicial
determination. The condition ot the
Chinese in the western n,to STATES dbis
restrictive legislation. far from being salts
factory. The recent outbreak i'll wyoming
Territory, where numbers OF unoi1endlnS Uni
namen. lnGisputably within the protection Of
the tire aties aud law. were murdered by a lnOD,
and the still more recent threatened outbreak
OF the same character in Washington Territory,
are fresh in the minds of ali. aud there Is. APP
prehension lest the bitterness OIL leellhg against
the M0ngOlian race ON tile racine slope may
iud vent in similar lawleSS demonstrations.
All the power of TINS government should DC eX-
erted TO maintain the ample good faith toward
China in the treatment OF these men. ana tile
infieXible ~sternness of the law in bringing inc
wrOng-dOeGs to justice should he insisted upon.
Every effOr has been made by this government
to prevent these violent outbreaks, ana 10 ana
the representatives OF CHINA III, their lnVeStl-
cation of these outrages, and IL DuC lalf
to say that they are traeeaDle 70 tne laWleSSlesS
Of men not citizens Of the Unite States, Ell
gagged in competition with I hinese laDorerS.
Race prejudice is the chief factor in originating
heSe di turbanceS, and it exists III a large part
Of our domain, je0pardlZlns our dOmeSIlc peace,
and the good relationship we strive 10 maintain
with China. The admitted tight OF a govern
ment to prevent the influx of those hostile to
internal peace and security may not ne ques-
Uoned, even where there is no treaty stlpula.
tiOnS on the sutiect. Thai the exclusion OF
Chinese labor is demanded in other countries,
where ike conditions prevail, is strongly eVl
denced in the Dominica Of Canada. where
Chinese immigration Is now regulated by laws
more exclusive than OuroWn. Ii existing laws
are Inadequate to compass the end in view, l
shall be prepared to give earnest consideration
to any remedial measure within the treaty
limits, which the NiS0Om OF congress may devise.
The Independent state of the Congo has been
organized as a government under the soVer-
eighty Of his majesty, the king OF the Belglans,
who assumes its chef maglStracy II MS per
soma. character only, without making. tlle new
slate a dependency on Belgium. 1t is fortunate
that that benighted region, owing all lS quick
enlng C vilization to the beniticence and phi
lanthropic spirit of this mOnorch, should have
the advantage and security OF TIL benevolent
su. ~ervislon. The acti n taken by this goveru-
ment last year in being the first to recognize the
flag OF the international ASSOCIATION OF The Con
20 has been followed by the formal recognition
Of the new nationality which succe eds TO It's
sovereign power. A conference OF delegates OF
the principal commercial nations was neld AT
Berlin last winter, to discuss methods whereby
the OngO basin might be Kept open 10 me
worlds trade. Delegates attend d Oh Denali OF
the United States, on the understanding tlal
their part should be merely dellDeratlVe, WIN
out impartlng to the results any binding charac'
ter, so far as the United States were concerned
his reserve was due to the indlsp0sltloI
of this government 10 snare III
any disposal by an nternatlOhal con,
gress Of jurisdiction on questions IN relations ol
foreign territories. The results OF the confer
enee were embodied in a formal act OF the ma
ture Of an international convention, winch ialt
down certain obligations purporting to pc bud
ing on the signalorieS, subject to ratlllcatloi
within one year. Notwithstanding the rsserva
ton, under which the delegates OF the Unlte(
States attended, their signatures were attached
TO the general act, in the same mann7r as th0S'
Of the pienipOtentiarleS OF other governments
thus making The United States appear w.thou
reserve OF modification as signatOries to a join
International engag ment imposing on the sign
erS the conservation OF the territorial lntegrt Il!
of distant regions where we have no established
interest or control.
This government does not, however, reg I'd it
reservation OF liberty Of act on in the premise!
as at all impaired, aud holding that an engage
ment TO share the Obligation III enforcing lleu
trality in the remote valley OF the Congo wOulC
be an alliance, whose responsibility we are no
In a position to assume, | abstain from askin:
he sanction Of the senate to that general act
The correspondence viii be before you, and thu
instructive and interesting report VI The agenl
sent by this government to the Congo country
and his recommendations for the establishment
of commercial gencleS on The African coast
are also sub tilted for your consideration. Tht
commission appointed by my predecessor last
winter TO visit the Central and South Amer
can countries and report on the methods Of
enlarging the cen mercial relation Of the United
States Herewith has submitted reports, which
will be LAID before you.
NO opportunity has been omitted to testify
t e ~frlendliness Of this government toward
COrea, whose entrance INTO the fdmily OF treaty
power the United States was the first to reCog.
nize. l regard with favor the application
made by the Oorean government to be
as military instructors, to which the assent oil
congress becomes necessary, and | am happy
to say this request has the concurrent sanction
OF China and Japan.
tos. a citizen of the u tied States, by the au-
thOrities Of ecuador, give rise to a contention
with that government, which his right to be re-
leased or 10 have a speedy and impartial trial,
on announced charges, and with all guarantees
of defense stipulated by treaty, was insisted
upon by the United States. After an elaborate
cores pOndence and repeated and earnest rep
reservations on our part, MIR. san
los was, after an alleged trial.
and conviction eventually included in a gener.
al decree Of amnesty and pardoned by the Be-
uadOrlan executive and released, leaving the
question of his American citizenship denied by
hcuadnrinn Government. but insisted upon by