davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07

The battle Of the Treaties has begun in
Congress, aud vested interests have opened
their heaviest batteries. The Hawaiian Trea-
ty has been signed by the Secretary OF State
and awaits Congress ioual action. The Spanish
Wcst-lndian, Mexican and San Domingo Urea
ties stand in the same position, and 10 add TO
the CONSERVATION among those who control
profitable monopOlics through the agency of
the Custom House, treaty of commercial re-
ciProciiy has also been negotiated with Cana
ds. This is the unkindest cut of all. Instead
Of absorbing the Dominion it threatens to
absorb the United States. Indeed there is
some danger that San Domingo, the ''Colored
which occupies an elbow Of the
little island, famous siUce Columbus ii ne, may
swamp American industries, put out its fur
mace fires and compel it to "shut up shop, !"
as il were.
All this would be very absurd were it not
SO intensely mischievous. The argument
against these treaties is that we are giving the
other contracting parties the amount of the
duty that might be collected upon their pro-
duco entering into consumption in this scoun-
try. This is not the case. These duties are
paid by the home consumer and not by the
foreign producer. We cheaper the price of
products to consumer, however, and make a
bNN'NA hSh iOi Nutttul tUdbl-
Ing him TO purchase more literally from u.s.
Ii the Hawaiian Treaty did not cheaper SUI
gar here, it wa. because the supply WIS not
cO-eItensive with tire dcmaHd but with free
sugar from Hawaii, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico
and San Domingo; the conditions Of supply
will be changed. and uniform prices prevail
That's inevitable: wherefore opposition to the
Hawaiian Treaty shuul cease IN the ground
If high price.
We observe that the Call has wheeled into
line aud now vigorously attack Reciprocity. Ii
regards the Hawaiian Treaty as iniurirg this
country, and wants no kind of Reciprocity
which does not give the United States exclu-
silva command of the foreign market, of course
compelling the foreigner TO pay whatever our
citizens may please TO demand. Such plea
for exclusive advantages on behalf of the most
prosperous, the richest, the most inventive,
and progressive country in the world is sheer
nonsense. But it is the kind of political
economy which is dished up to Californians
in their daily and weekly press. No wonder
their views Of public policy are perverted
No wonder trade is deserving us and going
elsewhere. Why is it in this home of liberty
that everything should be free except trade?
The Merchant halds that anything which pro
notes international exchanges must be bene-
hcial. The Hawaiian Treaty does this aud is
therefore eminenily profitable to the people on
this Coast
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07
Want to Know. lyon Know.

WAsHISGToS, Dec. lstlr.-In the executive
session Of the Senate to-day, after the con-
hrmatiOn Of Secretary McCulloch, a resolution
was introduced by members Of the Senate
Committee on Foreign Relations, reciting in
its preamble that the Dominican treaty lad
been published in the New York HeTald and
the Nicaraguan treaty in the New York
Tribune to-day, and proposition that
special committee be raised TO investigate the
methods by which copies of these treaties had
been secured by the press. A suggestion was
made that in as much as the Foreign Relations
Committee had treaties in its custody, inves-
legation should be undertaken by that Com
mittee. To this the members Of the Commit
tee objected ON the ground that members of
Committee would lie thus called upon to sit in
judgment upon each other, and suggested that
the Senate-Committee on Privileges and Flee
tons be charged with the duty. The mem
bers of the latter committee objected on gen
eral principles, and called to the attention Of
the originators the fact that on former occa-
sion such an investigation had been under
taken, and had resulted only in bringing
ridicule and contempt upon the committee and
Senate. An assertion was made on the Demo-
cratic side that special friends were first sup
piled with copies of all treaties, and the opin-
ion was expressed by this Senator that the
Administration was probably at fault in this
matter. This gave rise to short and acrim-
onious partisan debate. Several Senators
lamentcd the inability Of the Senate 10 enforce
it's rules, in reply to which the point was
made that the rules had better be amended to
meet what seemed to be popular want Some
one suggested that the Nicaraguan Govern
ment or Nicaraguan Minister had given out
the Nicaraguan Treaty and the Senators
generally accepted this as the probability un-
I'll it was remembered that the Presidents
message transmitted had been published
with this treaty, whereupon the new theory
was abandoned. A new amendment was next
offered. The text of the two treaties will be
published in the CoayreSsioH Record tomorrow
morning. This being objected to, motion
was made to lay the original resolution on the
table, and this was carried almost unanimous
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07
Attacking a Nekarinu. SI.tem

Siguor Celso Cesar Moreno returned to tue
United States last May, after an absence al
eight years aud is actively at work again IN
the effort to destroy the infamous padrohe
system. In 1873 he started the agitation
which resulted in the passage 10y Congress IN
1871 OF law designed to nproot the system,
and he prosecuted the patron, under II IN
Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New
York, New Haven, Hartford, Boston and
through the West as far as San Francisco. SO
long as he remained IN the country the Mo
reuo Law, as II was called, was so effectively
enforced as TO virtually stop the evil. But
after his departure the system WAS revived.
Signor Moreno SAID lately TO Tribune re-
porter:
THIS padrone system Is an outrage on
American civilization and on humanity. Chill
dren are brought here under the plea OF teach
ing thom mechanical trades, and adults oil both
sexes arc induced TO mortgage their little prop
critics, IN farm or vineyard lands in Italy for
quadruple the amount oi their passage money,
and TO enter into contracts with the padronl TO
WORK iof from one TO siI years under the prom
lse that, at the end oil the contract and when
the money advanced has been repaid, tbey VIII
10 gwen farms IN various parts oil inc ohi'eu
STATES Inc chlldren ana auuits whch once
mere enter into a iiic oil slavery worse Than
that oil the southern negro before emancipation.
They are compelled to do whatever their task
masters require oil them; to play the harp,
violin or hand-organ, TO beg, 10 pick rags or to
WORK OH The railroads, and the padroni collect
and keep inc money they earn. lodging them
IN miserable quarters, ahd furnishing them
win poor iood ana cheap clothing, Tor all oil
winch they Charge up against their victims
enormous prices. The head quarters, or rather
pens, oil these slaves are IN Mulberry ST., from
tle rive FONTS 10 BleeRer ST., and IN Elizabat
Mott, Baxter and Crosby SITS. Many Of them
are also lodged IN miserable novels in Browns
Woods, Union hiii, n. ). near The reservoir
Inc padroni, IL unaided by others could
not carry on their infamous traihc so e1ten-
slVely' They arc aided by persons who, with
them, grow lazy anu lat upon the blood and
sweat oil ihe poor slaves. Tins traific IN hu-
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07
Beet Bounties.

The qHseHsiatder says: We have taken
some trouble to endeavor TO learn precisely
what the advantages are that the manufac-
turers OF beet sugar have over those who deal
with the sugar cane, which enables them so
completely to thrust their rivals out Of the
market. The per centage Of sugar in beet-rooi
is but little more than one half OF the per cent
age in sugar cane, bat il is probable that ow-
ing TO the nature Of the material in which il is
enclosed it is more easily extracted, and that
there is more sugar left in the woody megass
after crushing the came than in the pulp Of
beet. The best sugar manufacturers have the
assistance Of the best chemists and of the most
perfect machinery it is possible to obtain.
There is no doubt that their process is much
more perfect than that by which it has hitherto
been possible to treat the cane. The cultiva-
ton OF beet is much less expensive than that
OF cane, and after the sugar has been extracted
from the root, the residue is valuable as food
for stock. while the cane megass is valueless.
Then in all the countries on the Continent Of
Europe there is a heavy excise duty on sugar,
and this duty is refunded on expectation, but
the excise is not charged on the actual guam
tity Of sugar made, but on the quantity OF ma
terial operated on which is calculated to yield
certain quantity Of sugar. These calcula-
tons however, were made before the manu-
facture Of beet sugar had reached its present
perfection, and the governments have not
thought 1t advisable to revise them. Conse-
quently IN France a manufacturer pays duty
on raw material calculated, according to the
official tables, to yield eighty tons Of refined
sugar, but he actually makes ninety tons and
on exporting the ten tons on which he has ac-
tually paid no duty he receives back the full
amount Of the duty on the quantity of refined
sugar. In Germany, in lssi-2, the manufac-
turers produced over 100000 tons of sugar
more than the quantity on which they had to
pay duty, and 90 exporting this they would
receive back the duty which they were sup
posed 10 have paid but did not, and this would
be the bounty. IL is extremely hard to say
what this bounty actually amounts to-no two
writers eau arrive at the same conclusion. OF
course, if a French manufacturer exported
only the one ninth Of his manufacture on which
be paid no duty, the bounty would be equal to
the excise duty, which is on refined sugar, 73f
soc. per 100 kilograms, or about as per ton;
but as a matter Of fact, he exports perhaps.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07

Very soon after the appropriation Of 1873 be-
came available Col tthen Lieut.. Coll Thomas
Lincoln Casey, corps OF engineers, U. S. A.,
was designated bysPresident Grant, through
Secretary Of War McCrary, as the engineer
officer 10 conduct the work, and Capt. George
W. Davis, 18th U. S. infantry, was ordered
here from Texas, and placed on special duty
as an acting engineer officer, a. assistant for
the monument construction.
The first work done was in Il ST., when shafts
were sunk al different points about the mono
lilh and borings made 10 find the character Of
the strata below the foundation. 1t had already
been Nscertainei that the original foundation
extended only FIVE feet below the surrounding
earih's surface, while fourteen feet reached
above 10 the floor Of the shaft The eIsmina-
iions showed that below the Old foundation
was a series Of layers OF yellow and blue clay
TN rock strata, sloping away 10 the original
bed Of the adjoining Potomac, and that these
beds Of clay were thickly strewn with huge
bOulders Of the iceperiod. The clay taken
out was tested for compressibility, but the eI-
aBinations and tests showed that to sustain
the huge structure of over 81 900 tons, the
foundation should rest upon tho bed rock, still
fifteen feet below. These examinations AMI
the studies Of the subject made by Captain
Davis continued until 1878, when finally the
plan Of
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07

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The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07

one half of his make, and the advantage which
he gets by return Of duty which he has not
paid on one ninth Of it has to be sprerd over
the whole lot. To show the difficulty of learn
ing accurately what this bounty amounts to
we will quote some authorities. Mr.. Farrar
saws: "No one knows what the amount Of any
foreign bourty is. Even where bouniics are
admitted to exist, they differ, not only in each
different country, but in different seasons. times
and circumstances in the same country; on
differen, quantities of the raw material, and
almost, i, may be said, on every parcel of su :
gar"
The following table shows the different esti-
mates made Of the French bounties:
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07


Turning
lions Of Nj
Ing the q
contract, J
dsTed the
claim sh
her as hot
res He ~
Bimont, IA
o. disingu
then biz
Ivan said
h present
proof Sh
as wrung Il
beliovo tha
90 viloaui
trsss his
gave hiad
could hay
shoW spoci
In the abs
mus rogar
woman tnf
wilolo staTy
fWia'ig tho
hsya c0usoH
Mhcf thou.
pssalon lou
mArri0i AID
on thissubB
wHkr IN
"iio may
months
have
10 secure,
sisnder SUI
stand mh
iaken this Vi
iniensity
might hyde
nj appear
lignaturoc
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ne woman a
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'uiured
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07

In Belgium they are estimated al from a
SIS Cd. to e per ton. In Germany frum FL
los. 10 les. Sd, and in Austria from $40 to
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07
5aluaiiall Gazette.
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 1855
The last Stone Placed upen the washins-
ton Menunent.

The shaft which commentaries the services
and the virtues Of the commander. Of the revo-
luton which made this a separate country, and
the first President Of these United States WAS
completed externally recently.
During the years that elapsed from 1852 IN
I'll 1879 the unfinished shaft (which resembled
more the whitevashed chimney Of huge fac
tory was this nation. disgrace. II was the
sorrow Of Americans and the sneer Of foreign
visitors. Finally on Independence day Of the
centennial year, Senator Sherman presented a
resolution declaring it to be the sense Of Con-
gTess that the monument should be completed.
The resolution and the necessary appropria-
tion 10 begin the work anew was passed by
both houses unanimously, and since then the
work has progressed steadily.
In 1876 the monument had reached the
height Of l52 feet above the foundation, and
about s2eO, 900 had been expended on its con-
structioD All of the money before that date
had been obtained by the voluntary subscrip-
iions Of the public, but since thai time Dearly
5000, 900 has been expended under appropria-
lions of Congress. The corner stone which was
cut from the same ledge Of marble tnear Cock
eyville, Md from which the marble Of the
shaft has been taken, was laid with grand GER
emonies July {, lsis, weighed little more
than twelve tons and wss laid at the northeast
corner Of the foundation.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07
SETTING THE FINALE

began. At this time the narrow platform was
occupied by Col. Casey, Capt. Davis, Col.
Green, Mr.. Mclaughlin, Dennis o'Leary (the
master mason,) James Hogan master rigger,)
Edward Wsyson (the elevator conductor,
Lewis 0'Brien (the colored man who has pre-
pared all the cement for the cap, and one other.
At the hour named Col. Casey passed the word
below TO the men at the hosting apparatus,
and the stone was swung into place, and after
all those present on the platform had placed a
portion of the cement, Col. Casey giving the
last touch, it was slowly lowered into its rest
ing place, and the aluminium tip was placed
on the top. Before the apex was set various
coins, ranging from $40 gold piece Of Col.
Casey TO a nickel contributed by newspaper
man, were placed in the cement on which the
metal rests. As the bright tip was secured
Col. Casey turned to the h,lliards that loosen
ed the American flag from the top of the scat
folding, and at the same moment Col. Green
leaned over the frail railing and waved his
hat to signal those below. The signal was
seen by the watching thousands, and even be-
fore the beautiful flag Of the country had flung
out its folds, a puff VI smoke from an iron
throat in The white lot began the cougratula-
ton that in q second more was voiced from
hundreds OF steam whistles and thousands Of
threats. The slender flagstaff that hoists its
truck fifteen feet above the tip Of the scaffoid
above the apex was too slight to bear the
strain Saturday Of the garrison dag provided,
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07

Aug. Z, lss0, the first stone above $50 feet
from the foundation was laid, and to this date
Mr.. Mclaughlin has superintendent the whole
of the work.
Saturday morning was as drear a day as
could well be imagined, and many thought the
work of setting the capstone aud aluminium
tip would be postponed on that account. The
rain that fell in sheeting torrents until long
past noon drenched the brave superintendent
and his men, but the work of preparation
went, steadily on, and all was ready at the
appointed hour.
Soon after pm. Col. Casey arrived at the
monument grounds, and, at once ascended to
the top Of the shaft, and was followed later
by bis invited guests. These comprised the
following named persons: Brig Gen. William
Mckee Dunn, U. 5. A; Hon. Horatio King
(eI-postmasier generally DIR. J. NJ. Toner, and
DR.. Daniel b. Clarke. Of the Monument So
cieiy and Of the joint commission of the mon
ument dedication; .eI-Mayor Matthew 6.
Emery, Mr.. G. Freebus, the draughtsman Of
the new portion of the monument; J. b. Dut-
ton and G. NJ. Thomas, clerks of Col. Casey's
Office; John Croley, Col. Casy's messenger;
J. l.. smithmeyer, Mr.. Hinckeldyn, of the
German legation; Gen. Heratio King, IT,,
Of Governor Cleveland's STAFF, and repre-
seniatiyes OF the Associated Press, the United
Press, and tine local newspapers. Col.
Casey's official party comprised besides him
self Capt. Davis, the assistant engineer in
charge, and Col. Bernard X. Green, his as
sistant Oh the state, war, and navy building
construction.
When the guests arrived at
The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07
nUILpINo a Nrw PorNpkTToN

beneath the old one was decided upon, TO
the astonishment OF engineers all over the
civilized world How such thing could be
done was the wonder until Col. Casey and
Capt. Davis practically demonstrated it by
accomplishing the fact.
The old foundation was so Tidiculously shall
low and narrow in base that the addition Of the
weight necessary TO carry ont the design Of
height would have sunk the structure into the
ground. much like thrusting cane into moist
earth, or, more likely, have toppled il over
toward the adjacent Potomac fats new
aud wide foundation was built under the old
one and resting on the bedrock beneath. The
magnitude of this before unheard-Of feat of
engineering was 80 great that home and for
eigu civil engineers visited the work 10 see for
themselves that il was actually being done.
The completed work of the subfoundaiion is
one Of the greatest feats Of engineering known
in the world, aud Col. Casey aud Capt. Davis
are entitled 10 official recognition for their work
without waiting for the slow process rf army
promotion.
Meantime. while tie foundation e1amina-
liun had progressed, mcsi,- had been found TO
reach and examine the top which was left IN
finished before Congress took action. The
three upper courses of stone, each one two
feet high, were found to be so damaged by the
action OF frost, and perhaps lightning, that
they were removed before the work on top was
resumed at the exact height Of $50 feet.
September ii, 1878, an inspector Of the pro-
posed work and Mr.. T. II. Mclaughlin report
ed at the monument grounds, and we're fol-
lowed next day by ANAL gang Of carpenters,
OF which Mr.. Mclaughlin was then the fore
man, who began the erection of the necessary
buildings. The first superintendent, who re-
ported in the same month, was Mr.. Navarro,
son Of the famous old Indian fighter, in the
days of Mad Anthony Wayne's campaign in
the west and the war Of 1872, and on his re-
signation in 1879 Mr.. Mclaughlin was pro-
NOTED from MASTER carnenier 10 anccrnd him
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-09-05

The request for the restoration of ex-Detectfve
McDeVltt TO his old position will doubtless re-
ceiVe the consideration from the Commissioners
10 which IL Is entitled by its respectable and
influential backing. For upwards of thirty
years Mr.. McDevitt has ranked with the first
detectives in the country for sagacity, courage,
and prooity. and in private life he has been
held in general esteem by the community i'm
which he has grown up. When he was sus-
pended from the force his friends who had
known him from boyhood felt sure that the
charges against him were mistakenly made
and the result of the trial where the unanimous
verdict OF acquittal was fully endorsed by the
judge, justified their faith In him.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-09-05

Next week the President and cabinet will he
here again, and the government machine will
60 ahead at full steam. Little has marked the
usual midsummer interregnum. The govern
ment has run along smoothly on its momen-
turn without accident or complaint few de-
partment scandals have helped out the para
graphers, and Higgins and Virgins have re-
heved the dizziness To the extent of their abil-
lily. The thanks of the press also due to
MI. Kelley for timely assistance. Acknowledges
ments are also due to the civil service commits
sion, the ofiice-seekers, Col Stevenson, the Vir-
GINA politicians, Treasurer Jordan, Controller
durham and others, who have contributed to
the interest of newspaper columns at a barren
season.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-09-05

The department clerks are not posing lust
now as offensive partisans," and do not relish
being put in that category by the Pennsylvania
republican committee. The begging campaign
circulars are as promptly repulsed as If they
came from a cholera lair.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-09-05
Tone
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Tor sale oy Druggists and grocerz- Price so cents
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Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-09-05

Chairman Cooper, of the Pennsylvania repub-
lican state committee, has had the nerve to
send the usual begging circular to the depart
ment clerks, but the general impression is that
this particular cooper will be very unsuccessful
In this effort 10 get "barl' Tor use in the state
campaign.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1885-09-05
The NEWEST AND Best TH1scs
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