Alma record. (Alma, Mich.) 1878-1928, 1885-08-14
FARM MANAGEMENT.
How TO Treat Wounds I'm Farm ANIMALS
suggestions ON Raising Oak Trees
from seed-General Industrial
Miscellany.
Wounds In Animals.

first of these, and the more favorable
of the two, is the method termed by
surgeons healing by the first intention.
Under favorable circumstances this
takes place in an incised wound when
the surfaces are brought carefully to-
gether anu maintained in close con-
tact after bleeding has ceased. The
two surfaces then become cemented
together by the formation of a thin in
termediate layer of new tissue. The
other principal mode of repair is heal
ing by the second intention. That is
what takes place in large incised
wounds when the cut surfaces can not
be brought and maintained in opposi-
ton, ard it is the invariable method
of repair in punctured and lacerated
wounds. Here the gap in the texture
becomes filled up by the growth of new
material taking place from the bottom
of the wound, while a new skin grows
inwards from the edge of the wound.
This skin, however, is not exactly
similar to the natural healthy skin
from which it extends, being thinner,
more delicate, and without any hair.
A third and much rarer process OF
healing in wounds Is what is termed
immediate union. In this it is said,
the divided surfaces being brought
into accurate contact unite without
the intermediate growth of any new
texture 1t is questionable if such is
really the case, but it is certain that
sometimes in small wounds the cut
surfaces when placed together unite
so speedily and exactly that no scar is
left. In an inoised wound treatment
in the first instance should be directed
toward favoring union by the first in
, tention. The essentials for this
| area sound constitution on the
part of the animal, accurate
/ and close contact with the divided
surface, and the absence of inilamma-
! ton in the wound. Without mans
interference this process would sell
dom or never ensue in the lower ami
mails, for in all wounds except the
/ smallest the cut surfaces cape apart
unless some means be adopted TO keep
them together. The means common
" adopted by surgeons for this pur-
: pose are the application OF strips OF
! plaster across the surface OF the
I wound or the passing OF sutures
through its edge. In adopting the
former plan, few strips, according
To the length of the wound, should be
! applied at intervals; but the entire
surface should never be entirely COW
cred by the plaster. The surfaces,
moreover, should not be brought to-
gether unit! bleeding has been arrest
ed. for should clot of blood be eff
fused into the wound it would prevent
healing by this method. Sutures are
simply stitches used TO tic or sew the
edges OF surface of wound together.
They are used of various materials,
such rs thread. horsehair, cat-gut, and
wire. Nothing further need be said
abou, the application of these, since
their Insertion into a wound should
ALWAYS be left 10 a veterinary surgeon.
In punctured or confused or LAGER
nted wound, where the surfaced can
not DC maintained together. or where
inflammation ensues in such wound
then tho treatment must be that favor
able TO healing by the second inten
ton Inflammation, shown by redness
swelling, and great tenderness of the
copcS of the wound, should be com
batted bv assiduous bathing with. no
L.
wound. such as "broken knees" par
tlclcs of sand and other foreign mat
ter must be carefully and lightl'
sponged from the surface; in punct
ured wounds, or staDs, it must be mad
certain that nothing remains in tn
bottom of the wound; and in all class
es OF wounds healing in this way pro
vision must be made to allow the dis
charge from the wound ready es
: cape.
With the last object it is often neces
sary, in punctured wound, to Ell
large the opening, or to make what
2 called a ''counter-opening' that Is
, one running from the surface upwar
{ TO the deepest part of the wound. Th
necessity for free escape from
punctured wound is seen in the case {
; "pricks" OF the feet. These are gel
q orally simple in their effects If I'll
= tract of the nail be carefully followe
and enlarged; but if not. the nail-ho
is apt to- become INSTRUCTED, an
Q prove insufficient for the escape OF ii
o discharge from the wound. In thu
;; case the discharge accumulates with
the hoof. and gradually forces It's wa
toward the surface, in the direction
h least resistance. and hence ceases
t burst out at the top of the Eoof.
p all wounds union is promoted by pu
ting the part at rest. In the case
I" such large animals as the horse this
p ALWAYS extremely difficult, and som
e times it may be necessary to put Il
animal IN sings.
- Healthy wounds are seldom mu,
II benefited by the application OF lotto
lie or ointments. When the wound is
" small size it is best to leave it uneo
> cred: and if it be in summer it may
:, smeared with zinc ointment, or wi
D forty parts of olive oil to one OF CO
u bolic acid In large wounds the 81
RI face should be lightly covered with
n cloth kept we, with solution of CT
bolic acid in forty parts of wat'
When wound shows what is call
.'proud flesh" it should be rubbed oy
OF at it's most prominent part with s
phatc Of copper (bluestone), or wash
NJ with a solution containing two ounC
of sugar to a pint-bottlc of water
Rai.lng Oak Trees.
IN During the past few years lar
quantities of acorns have been tax
ru from this country for the purpose
- planting. White-oak acorns are p
~ ferred, and they have been CHIEFLY
81. tanned in the state of Missouri. III
go ,,o,,orallv nlanted on sandy