davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
English Farming a Century Ago.

In If4o tho ouara0a 0rnss weight of
cattle sold in Smith6eld Market was
$40 pounds, and that of sheep twenty
eight pounds. Though many Northern
farmers in 1850 were masters of from
5000 to 10000 sheep, they still milked
their ewes and were ignorant of the ma
ture Of fold Half of England was
cultivated in very small farms, or on
the common field system. In 1897
Stewkley (Bucks) was surrounded by
three extended fields, one fallow, one
wheat, and one beans, these being sub
divided into 104 yardlands of thirty
acres. The main road was rendered in
visible by the driftways to these varions
properties Turnpike roads have been
established in 1862, yet in one stretch of
eighteen miles, near Preston, Young
found ruts four feet deep. The roads in
Essex were narrow lanes, where mouse
could hardly pass carriage often
choked by a string of chalkwagon
mireG so that it took thirty or forty
{ horses to extricate them. In other
counties the roads were impossible, ex-
( cept for well-mounted horsemen, or
wagons drawn by twelve horses. There
: were scarcely any books on farming; one
manual prescribed snakes tails and salt
as a cure for fukes in sheep. By i'm
memorial custom in Worcestershire six
horses, two men, and a boy we're al
lotted to each plow, and, though Coke
: L. ha
doEe with one man a span of horses, it
was twenty years ere his innovating ex-
ample was followed by his neighboEs.
In Devonshire tie spade was of the
shape known to cardplayers, and the
crops were led from the fields packed
on the backs of horses. In Ireland, up
to 1900, farmers sowed potatoes broad
cast, drew their plows and harrows by
their horses tails-a practice forbidden
in England by the act of 1634-and
walked backwards before their teams,
striking the animals in the face as a
signal to advance. The agricultural
implements and household utensils OF
the farmers were made at home. The
men carved wooden spoons, platters
and bowls, plated baskets, fitted rakes
with teeth of wilow-wood hardened il
the fire, and twisted willow for traces
or harness gears, while the womer
plated the straw for the neck collars
stitched sheepskin bags for cart-saddles
wove straw or hempen stirrups and hal
ters, and peeled rushes to make can
dies. The ordinary method of drain
ing was to throw the land into ridge
from two to four feet high; in Glouces
tershire a man crossing a field would b.
lost to sight in every furrow.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

A MACHINE is reported to be in use
at Melbourne for sheering sheep by
steam. It is made of brass, something
in the shape of small trowel. The mo-
tion is gotten up by a turbine wheel
about three inches in diameter, and
this is geared to another wheel, on
which is fixed cutter; in front is a
comb, which serves as a guard against
cutting the skin of the sheep. The
steam is conveyed from the boiler by a
tube of india rubber. This tube or pipe
is double, having one inside the other.
The inner one is the injection, and the
space between the two is the election.
The machine it used in the same fashion
as the shears, but cuts much quicker
and far cleaner, without the least dan
ger of injuring the fleece OF the shee D.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

Starch black calicoes with starch
made of weak coffee
Save your cold tea; it is excellent for
cleaning grained wood.
Never put blueing in babies clothes
which comes next to the skin, as il
causes painful chafng.
a tablespoonful of turpentine boile
with white clothes will greatly aid the
whitening process.
Cover plants with newspaper before
sweeping. Also put little ammonia
upon them once a week.
Mildew may be removed by dipping
the stained parts into buttermilk and
putting them in the sun.
Remove flower pot stains from win
dow sills by rubbing with fine wood
ashes and rinse with clean water.
Mixtures of two parts of glycerine,
one part ammonia and a little rose
water whiten and soften the hands.
Clean tin with paper and it will
shine better, and you won't need to
keep an old, dusty piece of flannel in
your box of whiting.
To clean zinc, rub with a cloth dam
pened slightly with kerosine to get off
all the spots, then take another cloth
and rub with brick and another cloth
to polish.
If any housekeeper finds it imperative
to clean windows on an icy-cold day,
she can accomplish it safely by using a
cloth dampened with alcohol, which
never freezes.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

PENNSYLVANIA AND ALABAMA
1t is obviously the best policy for Penn
sylvania to stop making pig iron. de-
velop her rolling mills and establish
ments for the manufacture of the higher
grades of iron, take advantage of the
low cost of this crude product from the
South, and, with the help of its abund
ant supply of natural gas, make the
best iron so cheaply that even England
cannot compete with America in the
markets of the world. There need be
no effort to discourage Alabama, and
there is no reason why Pennsylvania
manufacturers should go to the WALL
Manchester Union.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

WHAT THEY EAT on OCEAN STEAM
Rs.-Few persons are aware of the ex-
tensive nature of victualizating on
board of the great ocean steamers. Each
vessel is provisOned as follows for the
passengers and crew: $500 pounds of
butter, 1900 hams, ], 500 pounds of bis
cults. exclusive of those supplied for
the crew; s, 200 pounds Of grapes, al
monds, figs and other dessert fruits;
1,2OO pounds of jams and iellies; timed
meats, 1000 pounds; dried beans, 1900
pounds; rice, 1900 pounds; onions, s.
600 pounds; potatoes, 40 tons; -four, 800
barrels; and eggs, 1,2OO dozen. Fresh
vegetables, dead meat and live bulloeks,
sheep, pigs, geese, turkeys, ducks, fowls,
hsh and casual game are generally sup.
piled at each port, so that is difficult to
estimate them, probably two dozen bull
locks and 60 sheep would be a fair av-
erage ot the whole voyage, and the rest
may be inferred in proportion. During
the summer months, when travelling j:
heavy, 25 fowls are often used in sOuI
for a single dinner.--London Times.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

A HINT TO MOTHERS you set
out in life to keep your childTen's
bodies clean, healthy and comfortably
clothed, their hearts pure and their
minds trained for their work in life,
whatever that may be, your strength
viii rot give oct. But if you propose
to dress them Esthetically or fashion
ably, to I'LL your house with brio e-a-brac,
to eclipse your friends in your balls or
brilliant little dinners, 10 attain this or
that social success-no strength has
ever been promised you for any such
work.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
Sheep Washing In England.

From paper in the Century we quote
the following zone morning, going
down to the barn, found two of the
farm laborers, ShadIac and Meshach,
Cknown ameng their brethren as Shed
and Shach) raising a huge empty barrel
into a wagon, In response to my in
quiry one OF the men said 'We'se
q going 70 wash them ewes, num- A
vision of lthem ewes being tumbIed
into that barrel and secured seemed
rather peculiar so, on an invitation
from Farmer Stubble, to come and look
on I followed the procession. First
went the numbering, picturesque old
cart, then the sheep were driven from
the fold and turned into the lane. along
which they craWled until they came to
the mill stream. I then found il was
Shed and not the sheep that went into
the barrel, which was placed in the
water and lashed to the bank. The
sheep we're driven up on one side and
guarded by several men. while the shep-
herd raised a great eve in his arms and
threw it head foremost into the rivulet.
As it rose the watchful Shed. in the
barrel, grasped it by the back and duck
ed Il several times. Escaping from his
hand the poor half-drOwned creature
rushed toward a cut in the bank and so
escaped TO dry land. This process was
Whether it was due to their natural
stupidity or the muddling effect tie wa
ter on the brain many of them blundered
into the stream again and tried TO es-
cape by a steep bank on the other side.
then came the turn of the ruddv, cher
Unlike son Of Shadrach. who, planted
on the farther shore and armed with an
Iron hook on ten foot pole. crooked the
wandering sheep to land. Many of them
needed assisting up the slippery cut.
and very cOmical it was to see their
weakened struggles to regain the
meadow. They appeared utterly unable
TO account for the enormous additional
weight of their water soaked wool and
as they stood huddled in the puddles
from their streaming sides, the bleating
lambs did not appear to know their own
mothers. The following day the flock
was driven into a new fold in the hill
side pasture and the process Of shearing
commenced. All of the we'll washed
sheep were in turn deprived of their
heavy winter coats. AS they left the
shearer's hands it did not seem possible
that these poor, lean creatures could be
the round balls of wool we were accus-
toned to see. Every shOrn lamb gazed
at lis clipped and unclipped sisters with
a vague, solemn look, wondering what
was coming next. After the ordeal they
Wen turned into the brightest meadow
Oh .-- fuu and probably soon forgot
the -r days break in their monotonous
i - u.H."EF The numerous floCks
OF ... .n erss give a charming pas
tOra .-. g. my Of the delightful
pietuTa. yf upland and lowland, so char
acter'stic rf 7-Ithern England
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
Durable Timber.

The durability of the frame timber of
buildings are very considerable. Trusses
of the ol6 part of the roof of the basilic
of st. Paul, of Rome, were framed in
SIC, and were sound and good in 1916, a
space of nearly thousand years. These
trusses are of fir. The timber work of
the external domes of the Church of
st. Mark, at Venice, is more than $40
years old, and is still in a good state.
Alberti observed the gates of cypress to
the church of st. Peter, at Rome, to be
whole and sound after being up nearly
600 years. The irner roof of the chapel
of st. Nicholas, Kings Lynn, Norfolk,
is of oak, and was constructed upwards
of 500 years ago. Daviller states, as
instance of the durability of fir, that the
large dormitory of the Jacobins' con-
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

THE INVENTION OF INK.-When
ink was first introduced does not seem
to have been decided, but given the pa
per and the pen, colored medium that
would show on a light surface was so
obvious want, and one so readily
found, that there is no extraordinay
credit due to the unknown inventor. 1t
appears to be only Of late years that
black ink has been almost universal.
Roman ink was red, purple and gold,
aud inks of blue. green, violet and other
shades we're not uncommon. It is said
that simple as is the composition of ink,
I'VE possess none equal in beauty and
color to that used by the ancients the
Saxon manuscripts written in England
exceed in color anything OF the kind. I"
Modern inkmakers will deny the supe-
riority of the ancients but who shall
say whethe. words written in ink manu-
tacLured to day will stand as vlvidly
centuries hence as those Saxon manu-
scripts have stood It is difficult to
see how the writing materials of the
present day can be improved upon, for
convenience at least, setting aside ques-
tions of lasting inks, which the genera
tion using them cannot settle. Paper,
rough and smooth, fluent inks of any
color that the writer may believe suita-
bic to his eyes, pens as fine as needle or
as blunt as a spade, are all to be bought
in every street. The great lack of the
age seems to be ideas at once more novel
and sensible in the record of which these
serviceaole materials may be employed.
London Standard.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
Turtey Raisirr

To farmers who can give tber,
strieted range there is no mors NJ.
bic stock than turkeys, and il rn,.S.
so be said with truthtulness tbo, a.
you can allow them full libertv ,L--'i ---'s'i
about as Improbable as any kind ~ az a's
stock could possibly be. Turts-. ''s
quire free range they will m, IN
chickens, thrive in confinement ro-
tel how much attention and cars -
en- them. But when they can bs,,., s''
range OF large farm, and wbar .-
the best and largest are kent e., 1-9
will weigh from twenty to tvsn,-
pounds by the holidays. the turkss ,-' -'s
will be found TO be valuable ons 1r
the farmers wife can realize cons;s.--
bic ''pin money" from them.
Turkeys are great foragers. ard -,
gather from the fields during the
mer months their entire food o. =
same time destroying myriads of -
grasshoppers and other insects tbs, -
upon the vegetable or grain crops
this reason they are not expeDsir.
troublesome to raise, aud as the ola -
keys can take care Of themselvs, -
that is necessary in this article is IN ,.r
how to care for and raise the vo,,-
poults successfully.
The turkey hen usually commer,.,
lay about the first of April, and will
from fifteen to twenty eggs at lit,s-
The first litter should be given 10 o.
large Brabms or Cochin hens. and a.
second to the turkey hen herself n.
period OF incubation is from twertv..s.
to twenty-eigtt days. As soon as fb.-
are hatched and strong enough to ls.v.
the nest, they should be placed in d.
coop. For :he first two weeks sfts,
Matching great care should be taken =,
keep them from the burning sun bss,-
rains and heavy morning and eveni,,
dews. 1t is well if the coop can h.
placed in an open shed, with plenty n.
chaff, sand, or dry earth for the vor--
poults to run upon. When two wesk,
old they may be allowed their libe-,y
with their mother, precautions bsiBy
taken to avoid dews and rain storms
always closing them up early in tbs
evening and not letting them out untg
the grass is quite dry in the morning
AfteI they are six weeks old. OF after
they 'shoot the red" " they may De con.
sidered past all danger, and do not IA
quire so much care, only needing to Be
/ fed little wheat screenings. cracked
corn, OF buckWheat when they coma
1 home to roOst. Allow them to roost in
the trees with the mother turkey wien
they show an inclination 10 do 50. and
they do much better to roost in the open
Z AIR.
The first food for young turkeys should
( be hard boiled eggs, curds, scalded meal.
( oatmeal, Eice OF barley, both cooked and
uncooked, with a little fine CHOPPED
! and cooked meat occasionally: gradualy
introducing the VIII at screening
/ cracked corn and buckwheat as they sd
! vance in age. If these hints are cara
/ fully observed there need be no troubls
I in raising turkeys.
The varieties of turkeys recognized D.
/ the American standard Of exceTsnu
are the bronze, Nsrragansett, white
black, buff and slate. OF these, tb
bronze are by far the largest and mos
popular, and as size is the most impor
tant point, they will be found to be ID
most profitable Country Gentleman.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

The AGE OF HoRsEs.-A horses
age with moderate care and good u'as'
is protracted to 25, 30, or 40 years =
gentleman at DuIwich, near L0ndon'ns1
three monuments of three boTses VIC
severally died in his possession .
the ages of 50, 81, and 80 years. ID'
oldest, II is remarked, was in the eSi-
riage to the very day be died, strong 81
vigorous, but be was carried Oh j
few hours by a spasmodic collie to WIZ
he was subject. At Chesham, IN bu'A-
inghamshlre, there was a horse that vs.
36 years old and exhibited no SYMPTOM
of debility nor any external signs o' -
except being nearly covered With Wsl's'
1t was remarked with regard 10 tHS
four-footed Nestor that when an unus0'
ally hard days work was required y
was chosen as never failing in vhaI vs.
expected of him. A horse nsmed Mou-
der, formerly belonging to the IioiDs
school at Woolwich, may be quo'ea ,
living to forty years Mr.. Gully, ID :.
"Observations on Live Stock "iN
one he knew which lived AZ years, na'
ing all that time q ball in his neck y
ceived at the battle of Preston Pass j.
the rebellion Of 1715. which was extrSo.
ted at his death n 175S But even ms
yenerables were mere babies compareo
the barge horse Of the Mersey and lrSe"
Navigation which was well known :
be in his sixty-secOnd wear whsn D'
died
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

An Independent Newspaper of DEM
ocratic Principles but not Controlled by
any Set Of Politicians or ManipuIators
Devoted 10 Collecting and Publishing all
the News Of the Day in the most Inter
esting Shape and with the greatest pos
sible PromPtness, Accuracy and Impair
tialjty; and to the Promotion of Demo-
cratic Ideas and Policy in the affairs of
Government Society and Industry.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

EEE production of wheat in 1875 was
lnc1t 30, 600, 900 bushels, and the ex-
ports upward Of 1900. 600 bushels.
q Last year the production amounted 70
800, ,OOO. 900 bushels and the exports TO
Ill 900, 600 bushels, or an increase in
production of 10000, 600 bushels and
an export of 3s,OOO,OOO bushels. In
1881, $4,000, 900 bushels Of wheat were
produced, being the smallest production
since 1877, yet in this year we exported
1876. 900 600 bushels. or more than in any
uaar before or since.
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
"ROuEh eu Rats
Heart Pains.

Heart Pains.
Plantation, dropsical sweIIings, dTzzIuess. in.
digestion, headache, slesplessnsss cured by Wehs
Rough on ce-ns"
complete cure. Hard or soft corns,warts, bunions.
tsBucbu-Pafba'
Quick, complete cure. all kidney, bladder and
Ell, catarrh Of the bladder. 81, druggists.
Bed-BuEs, Flies.
Flies, reaches. ants. bed bugs rats, mice. goph-
ers chipmunks. cleared out by Rough on Rats
Thin People
wells Health Remover" restores health an snd
vigor cures dyspepsia, impotence sexual debility.
"ROugh on Pain"
pains sprsins headache, neuralgia, rheumatism.
2Oc. Rough on Pain Plssters. 15c.
Mothers.
If you are falling. broken. worn out and nervous,
use Wells Health Remover 81. Druggists.
Life Preserver.
Health Renewer." Goes direct to weak spots.
"ROuEh on piles"
Cures piles OF hemorrhoids, itching. protruding.
bleeding internal or other. Internal and external
remedy in each package. Sure cure, SOC. Drug
gists.
Pretty women.
Ladies who would retain freshness ana vivacit
don't fail to try ''Well's Health ReueWer.
ssROuRh on Itch.'' -.
Rough on ltch' cures humOrs. eruptions, ring
worm letter salt rheum frosted feet, chillb lsins
Rough on Catarrh.'
Corrects offensive odOrs at once. Complete cure
of worst chronic, also unequaled as Rargle fol
diphtheria, sore throat, foul breath. SOC.
The Hope Of the Nation.
Children. slow in development. puny scraw ny
and delicate, use Nv els Health Remover"
Catarrh OF the Bladder.
Singing, irritation, Inflammation. all kidney
and urinary complaints cured by "Buchu-Paiba.'
81.
''Water Bugs. ROaches."
Rough on Rats" clears them out also beetlei
ants
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
Nos. 800. S22 & e24 LIBERT
1885. 1885.
THE WEEKLY POST
Under aDemOcratic Ma
tiOnal Administration.
The Will of the People
indicated and the
Great Wrong
Righted.
THE PITlPSBURG WEEKLY POST

congratulates its Democratic readers on the dawn
of a new year. under conditions that have not ex-
listed for quarter Of a century
Ring out the old. ring in the new,
Ring out the false, ring in the true"
Cleveland and Hendricks have been elected
After the fourth Of March there will be a Demo
cratic administration at Washington, with great
possibilities iot the progress prosperity and ad-
yancemeut Of the country.
As TIE PosT has Iabored INCREASINGLY for TWEEN
ty-hve years for these glorious results so IL will
extend to the new administration hearty greet
iGS ans, n cpruI, -.,-ort In the re-establishmeni
o. principles and policies vital to p2olic wei-
asserting the supremacy of the Democratic faith.
We are on the Threshold OF important events and
great changes To a Democrat who aided in
Cleveland's election tie future is full Of interest
and hope.
The wEEKLY Posi- viii aim to keep fully
abreast Of the times In everything relating to the
incoming administration. It's policy at home and
abroad will be nteUigently discussed. generously
supported OF candidly and kindly criticised. No
year in the history Of this journal promises to he
so replete with matters of interest TO DemOcs
as the one which We are about to enter. Tho
meeting OF Congress the declaration OF the Pres
idential vote. the Inauguration the new Cabinet.
the changes in the public service the opening ug
OF ne cooks All are OF great concern. The WEEK
LY PosT will furnish the earliest intelligence
I standpoint success VIII not hamper IL any more
than quarter Of a century of defeat impaired it,
| energies.
I The session Of the Legislature. with Reform
Governor opposed by Republican majority
promises TO be fruitful Of Uortant Issues and e
citing Incident The coming session OF Congress
will be even more interesting in its broader Held
/ In all its varied departments. TIE WEEKLY
/ PosT will aim at excellence and reliability. Its
l literary. miscellaneous, news and local depart
{ ments will be maintained in their utmost eficien
cy, while its market reports will be prepared with
/ greater care ana precision than ever before and
I made absolutely reliable.
Now the time ?or Democrats everywhere to take
hold, cement and strengthen the party and IL
chosen representatives. by extending the circula
3 ttOn OF Democratic papers. We are no longer OF
/ the defensive-we are done with a2ologiztng-th
party TO day stands for q naioTity Of the American
] people, a=d in few weeks 10 will be called {,
/ ADM mister the general Government. Truth &
mighty and has prevailed,
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11

THE OBJECT OF A DITCH.-A New
Yorker who wa1 m New Jersey last fall
found a number of men digging small
ditch between two lakes in park.
~ don't see the object, " he observed,
after surveying the work for awhile.
The lakes are too shallow to be nav.
igated' -
well"
,sArd the ditch cant be of any use ex
,.Dt % tls ish."
'-Tsbbe not"
'' called the nettled New York
what i the object of your inferna
cid stitch anyhow 20
r1 issue 10000 worth of bonds
ga. Tas -ae aalm reply Wall Stree
lre-
The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
BEST and CHEAPEST
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1t is newsy, spicy, instructive and entertaining
The subscription price Of the WEEKLY PATRIOT is
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The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938, 1885-09-11
THE DAILY PATRIOT

Is the only morning paper published at the State
capital; the only morning paper outside Of Phfia-
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