Spirit of the age. [volume] (Woodstock, Vt.) 1845-1913, 1885-10-14
PRACTICAL ART.


PRACTICAL ART.
Some Recent Achievements In That Line.
Twenty miles is tho distance pene-
trated by the improved fog-signals now
in USE This power, it appears, is
gained by two slotted cylinders, one
fixed and the other revolving in 1t.
Tho slots, as they pass one another,
stop or cut off the passage of compress
cd mir or steam, thus causing series
of vibrations, and, consequently, n mu-
steal note, the pitch of which depends
upon the speed of the revolving cylin-
der. In order to vary this motto it is
only necessary to control this velocity.
The doublc-note horn is formed with a
easing, within which are fixed slotted
cylinder and revolving cylinder NOV
ing upon q spindle. The slots are
formed in each cylinder at opposite in
clined angles, so that tho motive fluid
impinging against number of inclin-
ed planes causes the inner cylinder TO
revolvc with great rapidity, carrying
two disks, These are attached to the
common spindle, and upon their peri
pheries are pressed levers, under the
action of small pistons operated by dia-
phragms, to the outer surface of which
compressed air is admitted. One brake
is put on for high note, both brakes
for low note.
Large quantities of timber are now
creosoted at the West in special man
ner for railroad purposes, the effect
being to increase the tenacty of the
wood for holding spikes, etc, as well
as its density and ability to resist me-
chanical wear. This is done by means
of an apparatus consisting of boiler
plate cylinder, of n size adapted to tho
timber; this cylinder is of a strength
sufficient to resist 300 pounds pressure
per square inch, and has track ex-
tending for its whole length along the
bottom, the cylinders ends being clos
cd by strong iron doors, air and water
tight When timber has been run into
the cylinder and the doors closed,
steam ut about 100 pounds pressure is
elected into the cylinder, the supply
continuing rs required by the nature
lilNt VII hCoS VI lilO hoOti lhO olNalui 10
then shut off, and vacuum pumps
worked as long as any liquids or vapors
are obtained, tho hot preserving liquid
being now run into the cylinder from
the reservoir until full. The force
pumps are again operated until the in
terror pressure is some 100 pounds per
inch, and kept thus until sufficient pre-
sentative fluid is forced into the pores
OF the wood; the force pumps are now
shut of, and the creosote oil or other
liquid contained in the cylinder is dis
charged in suitable cistern, after
which the doors at the ends OF tho cyl
inder are opened and the car carrying
the timber or ties run out.
A great many napkins and other AZ
ticles of usefulness are now made in
Europe from the bark of the paper
mulberry. The bark for these pur-
poses is first dried in the air for two or
three days, then plunged for twenty
four hours in n current OF fresh water,
after which, with the aid of particu-
lar kind OF cord, the two species of IL
bres of which it is composed are sep
aratcd. The interior iibres are those
from which fine paper is made; they
are rolled into balls weighing about
thirty-tvc pounds each, which are
washed anew in running water, in
which they are allowed TO soak y
shorter time than previously, and are
then dried; finally they are boiled in
I've made from the ashes of buckwheat
Hour, constant stirring being kept up;
another washing in pure water carries
away the last impurities, and the tibres
are next pounded with hammers Of
wood for about twenty minutes; after
this they are second time rolled into
balls, and finally transformed into
pulp, rice-water being mixed with it.
The subsequent treatment Of the pulp
is identical with that of the ordinary
manufacture of paper. Leather pa
per- is obtained by the superposition
of many sheets of the material previ-
ously stepped in "yonoko,' pressed,
and glazed with "shcllas."
The operation has been successfully
accomplished by 4 German chemist of
separating rags of cotton and wool
mixed by subjecting them to the action
of q jet of superheated steam. Under
pressure of five atmospheres tho
wool melts and sinks to the bottom of
the receptacle, while cotton, linen, and
other vegetable fibres stand, thus re-
naming suitable for paper manufac-
turc. The liquid mud which contains
the wool precipitated by this means is
then desiccated; the residue, to which
is given the name of azotine, is COM
pletely soluble in water, and is valua-
BILE on account of its nitrogen. The in
creased value of the pulp free from
wool is sufficient to cover the cost of
the process -NeW York Sun.