The Palatka daily news. (Palatka, Fla.) 1884-1888, 1885-09-11
OUR GARMENTS.
PHILOSOPHY OF CLOTHING AND
FACTS IN REGARD THERETO.
The Facility with which Various Kinds
of Goods TraverSed by Heat
Count Rumford's Experiments-
The Warnest Clothing.


same way that a cloudy sky protects the
earth from being too much cooled; the
dew will only fall when the clouds are alb
sent In putting on numerous coverings we
succeed in diminishing the radiation from
our bodies, "a if by a series of stopping-of
places or relays. Our linen underclothes
and our cloak5 make up numerous artificial
epiderms. The heat that is given of by the
skin goes to warm the superimDosed cloth
ing; the the conductor the slower
the heat will pas through; when it arrives
at the surface it goes off, but without our
perceiving it, as in direct contact of the air
should, since it is not We, Lut the Clothes
that get cold. What renders clothes
protection to US is their being waddod with
layer of warm air, the temperature Of
which is maintained at between % degrees
and 80 degrees G. Each OF US thus has his
little atmosphere that follows him
every where AMI renews itself without get
ting cold. An animal in its fur, has its
couch Of air in the interstices, that increases
the protecting power. Furs, soft stuffs and
feathers owe their warmth to the air that
they contain.
1t is evidently a question of great interest
to determine by experiments the facility
with which the various SUITS used as cloth
ing are traversed by the heat. The cele-
brated Count Rumford was the first who
particularly studied these experiments. He
r. W
surmounted by a tube throu yh which he in
troduced into ball Thermometer sur
rounded by the substance to be examined.
The ball was first put in boiling water, and
then into n cooling mixture, and he noted
the time it took the Thermometer TO descend
from 20 degrees II. to 10 degrees r., to lose
90 degrees r. 75 degrees c. When the
thermometer bare, it cooled in %
minutes. When it covered with linen
it took ID minutes. Covered with other
kinds of stuffs it took periods of
time longer and longer to cool; flax
cotton thread, II to ID minutes; silk or
wooden thread ID to Is minutes; flax lint
cotton wadding, II minutes; sleeps wool,
1871 minutes: raw silk, II minutes; elder
down, hare's fur - minutes These expert
ments were made i'll 1913. The most recent
experiments made by DIR. Krieger.
With coverings of FAX, cotton flannel, silk,
Nj. Kreger not ii the absorption of heat III
the proportions shown by the following
number: % 100 103, 1O8. The influence
of color was much greater; for cotton stuffs
differently tinted he found the following
numbers, White, 100; straw color, 102;
yellow, 40; light green, 155; dark green.
16S; Turkish red. 1G5; light blue, 19S; black
POS
To have an idea of played by the
conductibility of tbs t- " krieger ascer-
tanned i'm what measure tho loss of caloric
was diminished by doubling the various
stuffs placed around the iron cylinder He
found that sa tin, cotton stutfs and fine linen
only diminished the loss from ) to \ per
cent. For buckskin, flannel and rather
thick cloth, the loss lie ,sened from 10 to
so per cent. The clearest result of these
periments is that the resistance offered by
these various stuffs does not depend so much
on the cond uctbility of tho textile fabrics
that form their substance on their thick
ness, volume and texture. coat that is
wadded is much warmer when new than it
is after the wa1ding has been fiattenad by its
use as it is thus rendered a better conductor.
Ii the doubling of the coverings of the cyl
inder has little influence when they are
wrapped tightly around, it is very different
when a space of half centimeter,
has been left between the two layers We
find, i'll deducting for the conductiblity of
the two layers retardation of the cooling
amounting to 30 to 30 per cent, that is
cause1 by the interposed layer of air, as it
is independent of the nature of the cover
ing.
From this it follows that, in certain cases,
a garment will keep warmer if it is large
than il were tight; we know that tight
gloves or shoes protect us badly against the
cold. But i'll this reasoning we suppose that
n layer of air is immovable, a large, flow
ing garment is really cooler, being favorable
to the circulation of the air. The most seri
Gus obstacle that the propagation of heat
can encounter in body is the discontinuity
OF its elements. In the manufacture of the
various tissues, destined to clothe us, these
principles are profted by, more or less I'M
knowingly Very warm clothes are obtained
from stuff that are light, spongy and loose
because they can contain q large volume
of air i'll the interStice, between tho fbers;
| said contain but it would be more correct
t. have said allow to pass. Indeed, the
warm air that surrounds our bodies is not
immovable; it is ewed by filtering
through the coverings that we think are
destined to Isolate us from the surrounding
medium.
garment is that it allows of ventilation
The warmest stuffs allow the air to pass
through them more freely than those that
are considered the coolest NJ Pettenkoffer
has demonstrated the proof OF this in meas
uring tho volumes of air that passed through
a series of tubes, closed with different kinds
of stuffs the same pressure and time being
allowed for each kind OF stuff. The follow
ing numbers will give an idea of their rela
tive permeablity: Flannel 100; linen. IS;
silk 40; heavy cloth, 50: buckskin, 81:
glazed skin, |.
Flannel is 100 times more permeable than
IL giaZ II glove, yet we know that 1T Is in
iini,eIy warmer In using double layers tho
volumes of air were only slightly modified.
Thus that clothes are continually
aired AMI the activity of the exchange de-
pends on the exterior Temperature, the aSlta-
ton of the atmosphere, and on the poroe'ty
of thu tissues; what is essential is, that the
exchange should be made so slowly aS to be
imperCeptible.
The warmeSt garment is fur peiisse;
but it is not only the skin; it Is, above all,
the hair that keep, the heat, even If its
mass should be mparatively Insignificant;
the heating efficacy of this kind Of apparel
is due, above all, to the interposed air. Air
tight garments are in general unhealthy,
being obstacle to the aeration of the
clothes underneath. They are useful to
protect us from rain, but they excite per-
spiration AMI prevent it from vaporzing
The Clevcrest Foot.