The Highland weekly news. [volume] (Hillsborough [Hillsboro], Highland County, Ohio) 1853-1886, 1885-09-30

temperatures, which, when mixed with
proper proportions Of air, constitute explo-
5ive mixtures; (2) the heavier oils, which
do not burn well in lamps, but are excellent
lubicators C3) the tarry matter, which
would crust the wiclzs in lamps; a. the
colering matters (5) the compounds,
which cause the offensive odors in the crude
oil.
We will now endenvor to describe the
three processes in refining as best We can
FBACrIoNAI D1srILLAT1oN.-Wh the
still has been filled with crude oil, the fro
is Lighted beneath It, and soon the oil begins
to boil. The first products are gases, which
at the ordinary temperatures, pass through
the cell, without being condensed Soon
the vapors begin 10 condense in the coil,
and stream Of oil trickles, from the for
end Of the coil, into the receiving tank.
The FIRST oils received have q gravity Of
about 80 degrees, and ns the distillation pro-
ceeds, the product becomes heavier. In
the refinery which visited, which was net
very large, it is the custom to run the pro-
duct from 95 to "a degrees into the gasoline
tank, which is connected with the receiving
tank, by a tube from "a TO So degrees, into
the benzine tank from So to So degrees,
into the lighter kerosine tank from 90 10
43 degrees, into the heavier kerosine tank;
4 and the remaining product, as long as it will
run, into the residuum tank, the remain
ing product in the still is coke In some
establishments, lighter product is obtain
ed, by cooling the condensing worm by ice
aud salt called ''rhigolene," which is used
as an anaesthetic. By the use Of a c0nden-
sing pump, a still more volatile liquid, call
ed, "cymogono," used in ice machines, is
obtained.
By several processes, the heavier products
as well as the lighter, are prepared for the
markets, in the shape of gasoline, benzine,
signal oil, miners oil, cylinder oil, lubrica-
ting oil, ETC., but burning oil, or kerosine,
is that Of which we shall particularly speak.
TREATMENT WITH Ao1D.-After the oil
has been fraotioned, it is pumped from the
tank, into which it was conducted, from the
receiving tank, into a large tank, or vessel,
open at the top and furnished with stop
cocks, below, to treat it with acid, to re-
move little color, but more particularly to
sweeten it-i. e., to remove the disagree
, able odor it contains. First, the oil, in the
tank, is agitatsd by means of a steam blow
er, until it is all frothy then, about two
. per cent, by measure, Of sulphuric acid, is
q poured into it, and, after being thoroughly
. agitated, allowed to settle. When the acid
is poured into the oil, it changes it to almost
4 a blood red, but this is owing to impurities
which settle to the bottom. After standing
some time, the impureties, which have set
A tied, are drawn of, and the clear oil is ther
o agitated with water to "Wash" IT,
TREATMENT WITH CAUsTIo SODA Oh AN
n MONIA.--It is then treated with an alkali,
oaustic soda, or ammonia This neutralizel
the last traces Of the acid, and, after re-
.e moval, by water, leaves the oil sweet" A
d few refners improve the quality Of theil
n refined oil, by a re-distillation, but this il
l. by no means general. After the oil hal
Ig been treated, as above, it is drawn off int,
IN tanks, ready to be placed into barrels, FOL
v market.
~ Kerosine, when properly refined, is nearl,
= ColOTless, by transmitted light and Rt Ordi
N nary temperatures, it should eLtinguish
r. match, as readily as water. When heated
Il it should not evolve an inhammable vapoi
below 10 degrees or better, 100 degrees
and should not take fire below 125 to IA
10 degrees. As the temperature in a burning
e. lamp rarely exceeds 100 degrees, such a
nj oil would be safe, and even if overtuTne
-. or broken the oil would not take fire.
y TESTING KEROSENE. This is merely al
49, certaining the temperature at which the O
is evolves an inhammable vapor, the "hasl
ing point" and the temperature at whic
10. the oil takes fire, the burning point"
| suitable apparatus consists Of q cup TO hOl
al the oil, surrounded by vessel Of waite
lt- which is heated by q small spirit lamp Il
~ bulb of q thermometer being immerse
9' In the oil. The oil is heated slowly, ~
u more than degrees per minute, and,
oy making the test, a very small flame must
ra- used, in trying the oil. OF the two test
the "hashing test " is by far, the most r
liable-and each is quite independent
ou the Other-the burning point being fro
ss, 10 to 90 degrees higher than the 'hashiI
.he point" The flashing point" determin
Eg lLlE uAADAlk Dl lLC L4oak N8A4lAAN AAAoAAhNoA
- present--nRphtha, etc., while the "buniI
lie point" depends upon the character Of q
10y whole oil, One per cent Of nRphtha W
eY. lower the flashing point" 10 degrees, wit
o., out materially affecting the burning pOiI
'N' add as naphthR is so much cheaper th
ng, kerosiue it is largely used to adulterat
in- hence, the flashing test should always
inc made the law test-ag il is In Ohio-Whe
the adulteration Of oil is severely punish
by law. The Ohio State test is 100 degre
minimum flashing point" in oil, used
inn burning in lamps, for general use, and an
coil one selling an article, not up to this sta
T., dard, is liable to q fine of five hundred dt
N lars, and two years imprisOnment-a seve
the penalty, but no more than commensura
ich with such a crime as jeopardizes hum
,ar- life and property.
The residuum Of the distillatiOn Of {
% heavy oils of Ohio and West Virginia. m
ks, at once be used as a lubricator, after {
on gritty portions have been settled out
.oo it is generally run through charcoal 10 d
. prove the colon. In Pennsylvania oils, d
NIX cannot be DONE and the residuum must
nix, subject TO several processes, before it C
.Il be utilized,
y., There are many tricks in the oil busiue
as in most every other, but as my artiD
maj has grown 10 a greater length than we
lric first Intended, we will fOrbenr exposing a
, or of them, at this time, II. E. III.