National Republican. (Washington City (D.C.)) 1872-1888, 1885-07-29

Austrian empire.
She was, us Prince Metternch taunt. |
ingly said, in 1913, but a geographical ex.
preston.
The alliance of the great powers of
Europe, after the fall of Napoleon, in
1915, had carved this country into seven
states, giving one to each Of seven
lnyorite princes to rule-Austria to oc.
cupy with her army Lombardy and
Venice as preserver Of the statu quo.
Sardinia was given to the house of Savoy,
the only Italian dynasty; the duchy of
Parma to Mare.Louise, wife of Ma.
poleon and princess of Austria; the
duchies of Modena, Of Tuscany, and
the kingdom of Naples to Austrian,
Bourbon princes; the states Of Rome to
the pope, and the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
kingdom to Austria. Each of these
princes reveled in court; each had an
army; some had armies and navics; each
had q system of coinage, of taxation, of
customs, &C., &c. the aim of each and
all being the Standardization Of Italy.
The people protested; but, as their pro.
tests were met by contempt or by the
sword, they conspired. Mazaini was
the greatest conspirator of all. Gifted
with talent and indomitable energy, with
a courage that defed all the kings of
Europe; possessed of the loitiest patriot.
ism, he had made the cause Of Italy his
religion. For forty years he never ceased
his work Of propagandism; he seized
upon every occasion to rouse his people
to proper sense of their abasement.
Many were his attempts at bringing
about revolt and revolution, many were
his failures, but undaunted went on in
his great work until 1913, when the
whole country rose en- masse, and
entered into terrible contest with Aus.
,ria, Charles Albert, king of Sardinia,
was invited to lead the great Italian
movement. For two years the war
ragged, but Prussia coming to the assist.
aNce Of Austria in Hungary liberated
2 the Austrian army from the grasp of the
Hungarians, which, reinspiring Austria
= in Lombardy, enabled her to crush
z. Charles Albert. Mazzini and Garibald
e. were then still in possession of Rome,
=. but France sent an army, which, after
/, two months fighting, entered Rome and
5 restored the pope.
d Thus ended that sanguinary war, but
the revolution was not subdued. King
Charles Albert abdicated his throne in
favor of his son, Victor Emanuel; Cavour
$ came into the field of diplomacy as his
prime minister; Ma2zini aud Garibaldi
! returned to exile, but only to prepare for
l other and more offensive movements.
II Louis Napoleon, then president of the
l. French republic, with an eye toward the
IS establishment of the empire with him
a self as emperor, helped to slay the re-
public at Rome, but Felix Orsini, al
ardent Italian patriot, and one Of his
l. early political associates, on the nth o.
5. January, 1856, exploded bomb unde,
Is his carriage, which well nigh destroyed
N the emperor and the empress. 1t wal
ID then that Cavour made the emperor un
of derstaud that unless he did something
v. to atone for his aggression upon Ital!
re the Italians would never forgive him
i'll This warning led Napoleon to find t
cause of war against Austria. With al
army Of two hundred thousand Frtncl
10 he crossed the Alps, and, aided by tn
j. Italian army led by Victor Emanuel an,
m the volunteers led by Garibaldi he de
ID feated Austria in Lombardy. Lombard
U was then given to Sardinia, which, in turn
i. gave Savoy and Nice 10 France. Tn
II. duchesses OF Parma and the dukes OF Mo
4. dena and Tuscany, who had flown at tn
10 breaking out of this war, now attempte
r. to return, but their subjects refused ther
70 allegiance, and, instead, voted for ar
r. nexation to Sardinia. Central Italy an
Lombardy being thus added TO this SEE
ton the Italian kingdom, though but i
ed embryo, was now growing in farm an
OF in strength.
o. Next year we see Garibaldi, with on
C. thousand determined followers, plungin
or into the kingdom of Naples, rouse th
hS people, and carry on SO remarkable
d. war that in four months he had beate
pt an army of thirty thousand men an
e. made himself master of the kingdom
"a which he surrendered to Victor Emanue
ne proclaiming him king Of Italy. Ron
W in possession of the French, and VeniC
of Austria, were the only exceptions
the realization of the Italian dream-tl
'rk unity Of Italy.
VI The Austro. .Prussan war Of 1866 O
en fered an opportunity, which Cavo,
." boldly seized upon, by entering into {
py offensive and defensive alliance wi
IN Prussia. This alliance divided the Au
nu trian army, enabling Prussia to be
ou Austria at Koenigrat2. One Of Il
y" fruits of this victory was the cession
'n' Venice to Victor Emanuel.
-" Rome still remained. Without Ron
hv Italy was body without a head. Sc
ted eral attempts Garibaldi made to wre
Rome from the pope, but every time
was repulsed by the French. I
MIA Franco-Prussian war, however, so,
out came to solve the problem. With t
s is fall Of the French empire at Sedan, VI
,es, tor Emanuel entered Rome and t
> to Italian kingdom was complete.
bill II was fight of nearly twenty ii
for years, but the will and patriotism of t
INST people won at last Italy, from g
the graphical EXPRESSION, became one Of D