The Panola weekly star. (Sardis, Miss.) 1882-18??, 1885-07-25

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itf naaHmpfHt N ffal 40 80,
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la'ns ae fai l4 fapplg fba fsJ
a.ntff in ftf taHsf mtiss Mut w
msi farm fha ol praas N west
sfn i.aa4fIfsna iH mh9rysd b. fhs
fH ms.0if b. bainm1fa w
t aHi lsfy flp fhfmRh stI1.b
Hlh fbfaa ~ fguf hHadfaf M
I7hv HITft underground Thry
WIuu iaffa'l afH hue stirred slsYya
ffuHnl |H hugo iflH tanks and Osfffh
Nn hlfui5 n ffnia 0l INV from no
tHfh h7Ilf Ihe 10 f. distilled from
tHhtt holding Np baffelH egeh mn
iI.iUIaif ia dialdfd iniG ihfos portions
thf Ighif.i rGiDflfss p1ffinu, ahlrh
'Hiula nirfh fat and y ta9ea A. crude
nHphiHH pr 'leHy|nN ibn middle paf
ii1n 900 NrrIarnf nnd lalitg The heavy
lIfiI0ua " fhe ilsflisia containing bar
nninr nod kh0eb ~ .pannina ~
ltr "lenllne' H agaIn distilled md
separated Iniu gasoline and iHt1 A. 49,
nod 4 niphtih these ate uaed IN gas
mnrhIny iof miaing paints. And nIso
mr. burning ln lamps md stoves
Tho krrlannp proper Ia purified by
1gIinlIuR with i've per sent 1fRtfohe aul
prufn hnit which combines with The
u1ruHiw mailoff fOfmingh black tarry
residue which sinks Ia The bottom "
th0 tank nud ID known m "sludgn n
is used 10 large quantities In tho manu-.
it0iuW N commercial fertilizers. The
oil ~ again washed with strong e]anstic-
soda solution, destroying NIL acid CON.
pounds II Is again washed with water,
h made nearly colOrle4s, aud has the
peculiar od0r ~ kerosene and the slight
opnlcsocucr of these oils. These are
the 'hIghost %krroscnCs. The test NJ nn
oil. whether "high' or "low,' Is tho
temperature on Fnhrcnhcits scale 10
which % halfpint Of II must be heated
to give on n sufficient amount u inllam-
mnble yapor to either flash or burn
"Low-lc,t' oils give on n vapor that
will burn when heated from 70 To 9Odc-
grcos. Fahrenheit; highest flash nj l20
degrees 10 40 degrees. No oil that
gives of yapors that will flash when a
burning match Is held over the oil heat
ed ~ 100 degrees IL safe for any legiti.
mate use, The temperature at which
the oil itself will take fire Is no import.
ance rs m i%ndicationO Of safety, although
this is not lnircqucntly used,
The third product Of the distillation is
the dense, thick oil left in the still. This
i, called reduced petroleum. and Is
drawn Of and used for fabrication. The
oils sold in the markets ARE roughly d.
yidcd into three GLASSES first, the NOR
NAL or high.test oil, which represents
the middle distillate; second, the
crooked oils and third, the various
mixtures Of crooked and normal oils.
Crooked oils are made from the dense oils
left after the naphtha and illuminating
oils have been removed. The dense oils
are heated for several hours above their
boiling points, and by this process Of
destructive d|i,tillation are separated
into n lighter oil and q %carbonaceous
residue. Crooked oils contain too much
carbon in proportion to their hydrogen;
they hrc not inert 10 chemical agents
like the normal oils. Hence, when they
ARE washed with sulphuric acid they
take mp sulphurous acid, which. on burn
ing, gives OF in the room the fumes of
sulphur oxide. The wick easily clogs,
and becomes charred and coated with
crnsts of carbon. The last third, or
even half, Of the oil in the reservoir be-
comes murky, the burner, lamp and oil
become heated, and the llamedensc and
smoky; the lighter oils are changed into
yapor above the surface oil in the rcser.
yoir, and taking fire from the flame
cause explosion aud destruction Of tho
lamp.
The pipeline oils flow from two great
oil districts, which represent two ex-
tremes In quality. These two oils are
mixed IN manufacture. The Butler
Clarion district. or clover country as
It is called. in Butler and Clarion Coun-
ties, gives an oil containing but Il small
proportion VI the heavy parafinc oils,
while the product Of the Bradford dis.
trict has II incorporation of the poor
or, heavy oil. Th%ree-fourths Of the crude
oil flowing into the pipeline comes from
the Bradford wells. As n result. the
best brands Of oils on the market have
d|eteriorated until II Is difficult. II not
impossible, 10 purchase an article Of
burning oil rs good Ms the best offered
on the market n few years ago.
Any improvement in the quality Of
kerosencs must come from the opening
Of wells giving a superior quality Of
crude oil, which is not likely, or from
the introduction Of different and better
methods Of separating and refining.
But this, of course. would increase the
cost Of the oil. The present laws re-
lating To the test for oil are Of little val
Ne, and vary in the different States
equal 10 the divorce laws. There Is a
rich field for scientific investigation here
ON the part Of the general government,
ending, perhaps, in some national legis-
lation, To be followed 10y a revision Of
State and municipal Legislation and the
c%nactmcntof uniform laws. -Mdlanapo-
lis journal.