The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1885-01-18
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ssvsssss by Oar CsssssUssesae.

a~es long zone b. inhabited this coast have
only served to reveal to me the enormous dif-
cuty OF tho task. This difficulty Is created part
~ BY the confusion Introduced BY the crusad-
Ing nomenclature end traditions, partly BY the
inaccuracy Of tho itineraries OF early pilgrims
and travellers. and to the discrepancies exist
ing In the most primitive maps. and tho con-
tradictions in historical records. Thus
between this place and Santura. Q
distance Of fifteen miles. I have visited
the ruins OF no fewer than nine ancient towns
or villages. some OF them OF considerable size
not one OF which, with the exception OF
Santura. which Is the Biblical Dor. has been
positively identified. do not include In these
the ruins VI towns q mile or more inland.
which would double the number and convey
some idea Of tho densenoss OF the population
which once have inhabited this section OF the
country. At the anne time II Il possible. from
the varied character Of these ruins. that soma
were far more ahcient than tho othors, and
that they may have existed Us traces OF still
more early people. when other cities. also
now In ruin. were rich and fourlshing.
Thus we have on this coast romans OF the early
Ph'eni ciau period. OF tho Greek period. OF the
Roman or byzantine period aud. lastly. OF the
crusading period-the latter too modern to be
OF any archaeological interest They consist
merely OF constructions built from the mo-
terials OF the civilizations which had preceded
No, with ,1 :s up .ns d9,s %bs
stracen nomenclature. which was generally a
corruption Of the original Canaanitish or He
ing to tl,slr own, ideas Of Biblical Topography.
lucin9 insxtricabs confusion. Thus We have
William OF Tyre. one Of the erasadipg histori-
narns e. BSSsn With his a.nS
magnaminity to the generous and noble Tan
s s 81 hs tae 81 eRe
sea town OF kaypha Tor Haifa). which Is other
The Carmsits monks still cling to this tra.
dition.. although modern research has proved
beyond doubt that the site. ut all events OF
s"n's. . ruin: sight miles north Ill., q sidsa.
and mt least sevsnty miles from Haifa: TO
we're two Porphyrons. and thai ' ons was here.
hasing their argument on the fact that in the
% 'ss and Of ihs's II
Chiffon. and tina, Chiffon is the Hebrew for the
mnrnx. ar .sheliilsh which produced tho purple
phyron Or III" purple city.
In carefully examining those ruins. and re-
mark ing the great quantity OF carved porphyry
which il peculiar TO chem, have Thought II
furnished stronger argument in favor OF what
srnsndars even conionnded the sea OF Galilse
with the Mediterranean; thus they supposed
ss oct to Gs s Gsa S x S
BENJAMIN of Luhela asserts To have been
founded by Caiaphas. the High Priest, and
CepliHs. the Greek name of Simon Peter.
Heneo near Hafa the crusading clergy showed
ihe rock where Simon Peter iished, called 70
this day Toll al Samak. or tho Mound Of tho
Fish. LaborinS under similar con fusion OF
Idea " tnsH halIt fort out OF the x rqins Of
name which. no doubt. dates back before the
times Of the crusaders. and which they twisted
hs .s fGat Is e bs as ws all
Of tho crusaders. however. is village on the
Mediterranean shore. thirteen miles down the
Tho itineraries OF the pilgrims and early
| travellers are seareely less psrpexing. They
between the various places they visit. but
rarely with accuracy. Their remarks, how
reading tho journal OF a corniin kntoninus, the
MARTYR. who travelled in Palestine about the
year $50 A. d. Writing of Tyre he says:
.s s
kn's Of clothing are woven.
We do not altogether sac tho connection In
| this last sentence. Going on. he remarks:
VII e""s :" an saca sasss AGs
Pasi,sn ol.,,; ~ mile; q. city Ws6 e n.msa
nus are the hamsts OF ths sanarilans and above the
I.sss r Eh thu prapns ,eS place the os
WOMAN met him wnGsa enid he RAISED from ,hs dead
rouni wneh, when s,rncs, riuxs because is solid.
%ss.. any sSsy vii At % 3.
| Now. there are rs many mistakes as there are
| man. tbs a matter Of dispute which are the
Of aha Of h. myo ss thst
! They are only two miles npart but the nearest
Is thirteen miles from Acre. instead OF six. and
says are the hnnets Of the samartans These
have been identified beyond all doubt as al ruin
| four miles and "a half beyond the other. The
hs an saSS
| letter: 1t T. the picturesque gorge and ruin
the nGe mss The gate ; Of that city,
| There Is no doubt as to Its site. between Tyre
which when struck rings because 1t is solid
an interesting collection OF these, goods, found
near Ain Sian. their peculiar shapes having
and other fruits which the proprietor refused
the pr9phe, when he e, was hungry. and which
hsn ss y sboS; sSc
on, thus probably identiiyng 4 Win AiIhiit:
placing it to the north q sidon. position CON
liam of Tyre identifying i with Halia, and
| now We have Antoninus putting It six miles of.
coming TOT to tho s that the ruin az reiI
81 Samak the Mound Of the Fish already al;
habit the city two miles nearer Haifa where
the porphyry fragments abound. To judge by
the line carvings at both places. they must have
been wealthy rs we'll ns populous, and their
| most pros perous period WAS in all probability
during the first three or four centuries OF our
era. The coins which have found so far are
| OF that epoch Exploring the ruins OF what
nus. distant about 400 Yards from the Fish
| Mound. and 200 feet above It.. a few days ago.
| / came upon a cistern with four circular
! apertures. Upon being let down into It. I
| found it was seventy feet long, hsvn out OF the
| solid rock. twenty feet broad. unl twelve feet
| high from the debris at IN. bottom, but
in reality much deeper. The roof was
| supported by thrss columns. four feet
square. also hewn from the living rock. The
| cement was sill in some places perfect, and
| tho cistern must have bpen CAPABLE Of contain
| ing vast supply Of water. II WAS about fifteen
| yards from an ANGLE Of wall compo ed OF rubbe.
| from which ths ashlar had besn removed
| about four feet thick, and still standing In
places to height OF four feet In others the
foundations of Nh IL wall were easily traeeable.
| As tho whoie ruin sscms tn have escaped the
| observation OF the Pa'sstino Exploration Sur
vey measured il. and iound the east wall to
be Ia yards long. the south wall G5. the west