Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1885-12-03
rhe warning States OF Turkey.

sneakiug, comprehenuS an Ihe cOun'
tries in which Turkish supremacy is
directly or indirectly recognized. AS
a whole the empire is an aggregation
n Governments, often widely separa-
ted and only united by having been
the subjects of a common conquest.
During the years 1877-7S, at which
time the Turkish government engag
ed in a war with Russia, Bulgaria,
Eastern Roumelia, Bosnia and Hcrzs-
govina. were included in the Eu-
ropean Turkey possessions, but the
result Of that war was 70 create semi
independent states of the former two,
Bulgaria and Eastern Roumeiia, and
10 place the latter two, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, under the pro
lection of Austria Hungary.
Bulgaria, Roumania, Servia, Bosnia
and Montenegro are all separate, DIS
tinct and practically Independent
states. enjoying all the rights of SOW
ereignty. They each have their own
rulers. king or emperor, their own
constitutions and their own legisla
tive bodies. They recognize Turkish
suzeranity, some states to a greater ex-
tent than others, and pay to her an
annual tribute or contribution as a
compensation for the obligation of
Turkey to defend their soil.
Eastern Roumelia, Adrianople, Sol
onika, Mascedonia, together with
several others, are divisions of Turkey
proper. 1t was the annexng Of enc
Of these divisions, Eastern Roumella
by Bulgaria which caused the now
existing war in Turkey.
In the early middle ages Servia
formed an Independent kingdom,
powerful and hourlshing. But in 1885
il was conquered and subjected by
the Turks. and they soon brought 1t
to a miserable state. TIE first rising
of the Servians against their oppres-
sors in 1906, under Czsrmy, was sue
cessful but not lasting, and the Turks
took a bloody revenge when they
again came into possession of the
country. The second rising in 1914
under Milosce proved lasting, and the
country is now rapidly progressing
as an hereditary monarchy under the
Obrenovitch dynasty, paying an an
nual tribute of 100000 piasters to
Turkey, but with free constitution
and an independent government.
Ssryia is a kingdom, her complete
independence being recognized ia the
treaty of Berlin. The constitution
Of 1869 reat1irmed succession
in the family of Obrenovitch,
declared the responsibility of the as
sembly and vested the legislative
power in the skuptschlna, jointly
with the sovereign. The senate was
transformed into a council of state,
charged with the elaboration of law.
The skuptscEina, which is elected for
three years, consists of III members,
of whom 1873 are elected by the people.
every tax payer having q vote, and "A
are appointed by the king. A great
national assembly, composed of four
times the number of the ordinary. is
elected to decide on constitutional
questions. Servla was proclaimed a
kingdom March 6, 1882, and Milan /,
the fourth of the dynasty, is its pres
ent king, and Belgrade is its capital.
BULGARIA.
Bulgaria was conquered by the
Turks in 1892, and is now constitu-
tional principally acknowledging the
suzeranity of the Sublime Porte. The
National Assembly, or Sobrauj4, is a
single chamber elected by direct uni
versal suffrage, one member to every
10000 inhabitants. The reignlng
Prince is Alexander l. OF the grand
ducal house of Herse, ia tho cadet
line of Battenburg. Sophia is its
capital.
Servia and Bulgaria have
for some years been rivals for the
primacy among the Balkan states,
and In the summer of 1884 they be-
came involved in a dispute that. be
fore the friendly understanding be-
tween Russia and Austria, might
easily have plunged them into war
and endangered the European equi
hbrlum. Ia the autumn, however,
an understanding was reached.
AGITATIONs FOR THE UNION OF Bull
GARIA AND EASTERN ROUMELIA
The approach of the Tune for APP
pointing d successor to AlekO Pasha,
gave occasion for fresh manifestations
IN favor OF the incorporation OF Hast
ern Roumelia in the principally.
Mass meetings were held IN the prin-
clpal loves of Eastern Roumelia and
IN Bulgaria, IN which the citizens ex-
pressed their desire that the powers
would modify the treaty of Berlin so
as TO satisfy the aspirations of the
Bulgarian people for political unity.
The strongest motive of the Eastern
Roumelians was supplied by the fact
that taxes are much lighter In Bnl-
garia.
The now existing tumult in the
Balkan country dates from Septem-
Der when the people of Philippopolis,
the capital of eastern Roumeha,
rose in revolt from Turkish rule
This move took all Europe by
surprise. The first sus3 icion
OF On-lookers was that it had
been secretly backed by Russia, the
patrons of Bulgaria, who gratefully
acknowledged her aid in their past
struggles Tor freedom The Fevolu-
ton was a plain infraction OF the
treaty of Berlin. The war OF 1877