The Hawaiian gazette., 1885-01-07

wsii-an increase Of nearly million and quart
er gallons over 1883 II follows, therefore, that
ve must be dependent upon foreign countries for
the bulk Of our sugar, and should the demand in
crease in the same ratio in this and subsequent
Years rs in the past, very serious economic ques
lion Is raised on the basis Of international ex-
changes. This IS obvious from the fact that our
chief sources of supply are countries which buy
yery little in return from us Il follows there
fore, that sound policy would suggest changes in
this respect beneficial to this country. In other
words, the preference should be given TO countries
which take american manufactures in exchange
for their own raw products. This is the policy
which England has successfuly-pursued. Ii ad-
mits free OF duty all raw products of manufacture
thus creating market for these. and simulta-
neOusly also demand for English manufactures.
Where a non manufacturing country sells its raw
products there also will Ii buy its supply Of ma
nufactured articles. II viii not tie its money in
the mouth Of its sack and carry it TO some other
country to spend ii. This policy is what has Civ
en- Great Britain, the manufacturing and trading
supremacy among the nations. Tariff policy pre-
/ vents the United States from challenging British
manufactures in the open markets of the world,
| but new departure, looking TO the same end has
/ been made by the negotiation of commercial
treaties which viii increase foreign purchases con-
sideraby' Ii Is not the purpose of this article TO
/ discuss the policy of commercial treaties: their
drift in this is only alluded to, and that drift
Is clearly in the direction of free trade under the
cuiss Of commercial reciprocity, with sugar-pro-
| ducinC countries.
| We have had ample experience of the working
OF the Hawaiian treaty 10 be able TO estimate pret
ty accurately how the Mexican and Spanish West
| Indian treaties are likely to work In 1870 the
wear before the Hawaiian treaty went into effect
| our total trade with that country 81 ,SS9,S55
which WIS about an average of the seven previous
years. In 1855; seven full years under the treaty,
/ the trade had increased to Sl2Oli,5S. But this
| was not all. The San Francisco Merchant shows
that about -, 10000 were expended this coun-
| try on account of Hawaiian planters and trade in
| the building and equpping of wood and iron sail
/ steam vessels and the manufacturer of
for irrigation in the leland The iron yessesw ero
built at Philadelphia, by Cramp Il Sons; the
wooden ones were built and equipped on the
| Pacific coast. 4 sugar refinery at San Francisco,
costing considerably over sl,ON,Do, likewise re-
suited from the Hawaiian treaty. These are all
] reproductive investments entirely outside com
mercial exchanges, and must be credited TO the
treaty. About 100000 of American capital has
also been invested in the islands although it Is TO
! be regretted that the Hawaiian Sugar Company
was not u success. But the fault lies entirely
| with the management. II follows, therefore, that
! similar treaty with Mexico and Spanish West
Indies should create demand for the products Of
| American labor, and thus develop new and i'm
! pOrtant channels OF profit TO American labor and
| capital. That England anticipates this ia appar-
ent from her anxiety TO negotiate similar treaty
| in favor of her West Indian possessions, which
would otherwise be cut of from market. This
will more fully appear If the condition OF the
| European sugar supply be considered.
Ine consumption of cane sugar in Europe for
the three years ended March 81, respectively, nc
subject. was, in ISL, 2067 tons; 1882 l65 tons;
ISS3 2,266 tons, and the total stock in the chief
markets of Europe on March 81, 1855, 569 tons.
But the 18th of May, 1884,, the imports of sugar
by England to date exceeded those of 1855 by -,
i0J tons while the deliveries showed decrease OF
3,70i tons. Tho stock in the British markets on
May II of this year was 2S $50 tons against 2tl,
6l7 toas in 1855 and 2l77i6 tons in 1852 This &C.
cumIlation of sugar in England, and the large
production of beet sugar on the European CONT
neni sufficiently account for the depressed state
of the sugar market. The consumption on the
European continent is estimated at about 300, 0OC
tons of sugar in lSi-Si and there is visible pro-
duct of beet sugar this season of 230 900 tons, SC
that cane sugar will not have much sale there, II
any, this season. Germany will have surplus OF
about 10000 tons. But the area of sugar-cant
cultivation is rapidly extending in the South Paci
fic. New South Wales and Queensland made d.
ST. tons of sugar this season, the Australian
consumption being about 10000 tons per annum
Fiji is turning out large quantities of cane sugar
and plantations are projected in Samoa. 1t is
evident from these considerations that the price Of
sugar will decline, although consumption may in
crease proPortionately. The consumption per head
in the United States and Australia Is about Il
pounds per annum. Mr.. Gladstone anticipates
that the consumption of sugar in England will vel
reach l65 pounds per head as society advances.