davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-05-08

Blackbird, Pine Grossbeak, Rose.
breasted Grossbeak, Blue Jay, Ameri.
can Goldfinch, Summer Yellowbird,
Bobolink. Meadow Lark, Baltimore
Oriole, Scarlet Tarnager, Bluebird,
Redhead Woodpecker, and Golden
winged Woodpecker.
Some of the birds that stay with lis
oil winter, ore the Barn and Snow Owl,
Prairie chicken, Partridge, Snowbird,
Shore Lark, Pine and Yellow Gross
bsak, Clickatlee. Waxwing, Blue Jay,
Speckled Woodpecker, and others.
Besides the birds mentioned We have
the Swan, White Pelican, Coot, Grebe,
Loon. Wood Cock, Rail, Peetweel,
Yellow Shanks, Tattler, Wilson's
Sand Piper, Curlew, Blackhead
Gull, Small Black Lern, Passenger
Pigeon and common Pigeon, Cuckoo,
Kingfisher, Raven, Fish Grow, Crow,
Grow Blackbird, Meadow and Whiteeye
Blackbird, Shrike, King Bird. Mellow
Lark, Robin, Ground Robin, Cat Bird,
Rock and House Martin, House and
Marsh Wren, Lcngtail Thrush, Ruby
throat Hummine Bird, Whipoorwill,
o"PS"SAoA, Ascu Gyc uuu OW8llOW. vi
Flowers, the Common or Golden, Deli
cate, Sanderling, Blackheart. Prairie.
OF Sparrow, the Queen Ann, Stone
Checker, Fiery Crowned, Black Cap,
Marsh, Long, Blackthroated, and
WMtethroated.
Of Ducks the Mallard, Pintail,
Shoveller. Redhead, Blackhead, Wild
geon, Caldwell or Gray, Butter Ball,
Blue Bill, Wood, Hooded Mergensen n,
Canvasback, Shell, Black, Blue Wing
Teal, Green Wing Teal, and others.
The principal Mammals of the Terri
tory are the Buffalo, Wepiti or Ameri-
can Elk, Virginia Red Deer, Moose,
Pronghorn Buck, Antelope, Black and
Brown Bear, Prairie Wolf or Cayote,
American Grey Wolf, Canada Lynx,
Red Fox, Silver Fox, Beaver, Badger,
Mink, Muskrat, Red and flying Squirrel,
Raccoon, Skunk, Weasel, Stote or Err
mine, Striped, Grey, and Pocket
Gopher. Northern Hare, Jack Rabbit,
Wild Cut, Porcupine, Black Ground.
hog and Prairie Dog.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-05-08
The Land Laws,

There is one million of acres of pul,.
lie land yet remaining in this district,
subject to entry. Much of this land is
the very best quality for agricultural
purposes while there is IL vast area that
experience has shown to be the very
best grazing land in the west. 4 party
intending to locatea CLAIM sAaulq' either
make personai Inspection Of the land he
intends to enter: or have the report Of
some trusted friend who has made pep
sonaI inspection Of the land. After an
entry has once been made, oven if it is
found to be worthless, 1t is very difficult
and in most instances impossible to OBJ
tain the privilege of making another
entry.
The public lands in this Territory
are subject to entry under the home.
stead, presumption and timber culture
laws. One hundred and sixty acres Gan
he entered nndcf each law. A party oan
make a homestead and timber culture
entry, Or pre- emption and timber
culture entry, at the same time, but he
cannot take homestead and pre- emp
ton claim at tie sane time.
4 patty wing Il tWentY:6ne years of
age, OF who il at the head ola family
can make on entry Of public land.
4 woman WHO il the head Of fang
lily. qr 9 single wsman WIG is over
twenty-one years Of age can make entry
Of public land.
Only those persons who are native
born citizens OF the United States or
who have declared their intention to
become citizens, can avail themselves
OF the privilege OF tho land laws. No
person IF foreign birth can obtain anv
right to land by actual settlement be-
fore he has. declared his intention to Ee-
come citizen: hence the first thing
thai q Eersel 81 t9rsigt. Lrttl,;; Mh0 liz:
tend to enter public lands, should DO
upon his arrival is 10 90 before the
Glepk Ct ti.e soArt and daoiale his in
tention to become citizen, No party
who is the owner Of $50 anr.- q. l.n,,
iu any State or Territory can take : a
presumption claim: neither can any
person who leayea land Of his own in this
Territory to 60 upon the public:land,
obtain any pre- einption right by settle
ment.
Ownership to land is no bar to max
ing homestead entry. To make a
legal presumption claim, q party should
ftrst make actual settlement upon the
land. and then within ninety days from
such settlement, he should file his dc
claratory statement in the local land of.
fice. A filing made without prior set
Element is null and void and confers n,
right upon the settler, and even if l.,
has valuable improvements and ha
been an actual resident upon the land Iii
claim is subject to forfeiture in the pres
once OF AL adverse claim. or even wher
there is no adverse claim. Hence nc
party should file declaratory state
ment for land until after he has mad
an actual settlement upon the same
The law allows ninety days FROM set
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-05-08
RUNNING EXENpSES.
Total running exnensos ~

TOTAL running expenses. ....... s3I::,O
Which will give lis for the 333 acres
supposed to be in crop $40 per acre
actual running expenses, without count
ing interest on Investments and counting
but III per cent. on cost, as wear and tear
of outfit, which is far too little in the
long run, although if no accidents oc.
cur to the stock, it would be ample for
the nv wear the first year, on new outfit.
This estimate of course, supposes ev-
erything to he bought for money, seed,
feed and supplies. In subsequent years
these ought to he, and would be
with proper management raised on
the farm at much less cost. though
they would still be worth mar
ket prices. By thus reducing ex-
penses, however, and by raising upon
tho farm, stock enough to supply the
losses by age and disease, it is probable
that the increased wear and tear Of
machinery, (Which would for the years
average at least IL 2-3 per cent J, could
be offset, and the cost per
acre kept ut $40. BY very judici-
GUS management it is possible it might
be reduced as low rs So to 50, not
counting interest on investment. Take
. years together, with all the risks of
vlclsslt,ldes OF seasons, accidents and
losses. it is doubtful if $40 per acre can
he made to cover current expenses, inter
est and wearand tear. Surprising how
ever, that ii can: it will lie seen that q
yield of 70 bushels per acre will make
the cost exactly soc. per bushel And
this is, in the mind of the writer, fair
average crop, in fact almost an assured
average, i'll $ years term with good
farming, and therefore fair average
estimate of cost. If "a bushels per acre
he obtained, the cost will he reduced to
less than "A cts, and probably 10 cts.
per buslel Is the very lowest sum for
Which wheat can he raised, OH any large
areas.
The figures above given, are based on
actual experience under fairly favor
able circumstances and are certain.
ly not wide of the truth. It is
not possible for the writer to see
how they can be much reduced.
The net profits are now very easily
arrived at. If wheat costing so cts. to
put in the bin, can he sold at 10 cts, a
profit of 80 per ct. is the result. This
is fair calculation on both siles. If it
can be raised for 40 to 45 cts, and sold
at 80 cts, q thing not at all unlikely to
happen within year, II will give from
~ to 100 per ct. profit. And when the
big round ''dollar of our daddies," is
paid for a bushel of wheat at the Dakota
elevators, look ont for q first class DO m,
and a yeomanry, us we'll as business
communities, pletlloric with ready cash.
Whether this shall again be realized or
not, lit was more than realized in 1884,
it is not at all likely that the experiences
of 1854 will be repeated, when wheat
touched the lowest point of the century
in the markets of the world, and thous
ands ifnot millions of bushels were sold
by debt-ridden farmers, at or below the
cost of production.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-05-08
Natural Products of Dakota
BY REV. JOHN SCOTT.

Northern Dakota is beyond the limits
of the Red Mulberry, Kentucky Coffee
tree, Black Wa4Nt and Shell-bark
Hickory, but embraces g large number
of trees we'll known in The East.
Among these We find Oak, BasswcSd,
Ash, Poplar, Elm, Willow, Cottonwood,
Red River Maple (Neguado Aceroides),
Ironwood. Hackberry, Birch. Alder,
Wild Cherries, and in certain locallitie.
jumpers. Trees of the Pine, Cedar,
Spruce, Tamerac and Hemlock fami-
lies $50 abundant in Minnesota and in
the region North and West of Lake SUI
-perior), have not noticed in Northern
Dakota.
Among the trees or shrubs bearing
fruit we have the Choke Cherry, Wild
Plum, Bird Cherry and Sand Cherry,
Wild Grape, High Cranberry, Sheep
berry or Black Haw, June Berry or
Saskatoon Gts Indian name,) Red Rasp-
berry, Gooseberry, rough ard smooth,
Wild Currents, Black and Red, Snow
berry, Thorns (red fruited, )Silvetberry,
and Buffalo berry. The last finds it's
eastern limit in Dakota near Walhalla.
In Minnesota it is found on Rainy Lake
and Upper Minnesota River. 1t extends
west to the Yellowstone, and Is found
on the Assiniboine near Brandon and at
Lake Manitoba. Prof. Macoun says that
there is no other berry IN the North
West to be compared with it Ger the
making of jelly. In September whes
loaded with clusters of bright red fruit
like currants It is an object Of great in
,terest. Grizzly bears are said to be very
fond of them. Its stiff. thorpy branches
mark it as the future hedge shrub
of Dakota.
The June Or Service berry is the chief
berry of the west. 1t extends from the
baekwoods of Canada to the Peace Riv-
er. The wood of it is used by the In
dams for frames for their snow shoes.
The berries, the heslthiest perhaps eat
en-, are abundant and all classes Asem to
en- 10Y them. In their season bears,
HIibreeds and Indians almost live up
ION tS11n. The Pembina berry hangs
.on tie shrubs all winter and is as much
nrized as in the fall of the year. OF
Raspberries and Strawberries little
need be said as they are universally
known. Allkinds Of SMALL fruit suited
to the eii.sste do we'll. In woods and
:alone the baeks Of rivers, creeping or
climbing plants abe~cd. Among these
ARE Hops. They extend u latitude 81,
and Hazel bashes are often covered
with them.
D,nches of wild hops are as fine as
those cultivated in the East. The Creep
er called Moon Seed is common, with
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-05-08
The Fish in Our Rivers.

Among the many things in which Da-
kota excels, not the least important are
the abundance and variety of fish that
inhabit her numerous lakes and rivers.
Mayor Cavileer, of Pembina. furnishes
us the following information on this
subject: Almost every variety of the
finny tribes have found their way into
the waters of Dako ia. First
on the list must be mentioned
the Sturgeon, liking of fishes" whose
flesh is equal to veal and whose weight
when full grown, rivals yearling bo-
vine. The second place is held by the
cat fish, which weighs from fifteen to
fifty pounds, makes excellent eating,
and is found in large quantities in the
rivers. In point of numbers the gold
eyes take the first place, and these may
be termed the steple fish of our terri
tory. Pike, Pickerel, all varieties
of suckers and white perch
or snap turtle, are found in number
less quantities, while shovel, pound
nose. channel fork tail, goggle-eyes,
black bass. chulss, day fish, sunfish,
lamper ellis, terrapin and mud turtles
are found in lesser quantities. In the
spring and fall white fish ascend and
descend the rivers. In the head waters
Of the smaller streams are found all
varieties of clubs, steeners, silver sides,
etc.; and of the mlnnow family,
red and gray sides, pickle back, etc.
In former times nets we're generally and
successfully used in fishing on the rivers,
but at present the traffic on the larger
streams makes it no longer possible to
lure the finny tribe in this manner; but
with good hook and tackle the angler
does not often return home from anIafter-
moons work lacking q sufficient guam
tity to put him and his neighbors over
Sunday"
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-05-08
can easily add interest on the cost of his
purchase.
OUTFIT.
For such farm as described, the
outfit required wOuld l,e.

Total cost. ...............,. $4,000
Al! the articles named are necessary,
aud the prices named are as low as o
new outfit eau be purchased here for
cash. If the stock was imported at
emgrant rates, it could probably be
bought considerably cheaper: but per
contra, there would probably lie other
things not enumerated that would be
needed.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21
OBITUARY.
The Hon. MaIcoIm Hay. Pitt.

The Hon. Malcolm Hay, Pfttsburg.
PITTsBURG, Pa, October 20.-Ex, First
Assistant Postmaster General Hay died at
$50 O'Clock this morning, of consumption.
The Hon. Malcolm Hay was born in
Philadelphia in 1872, and was educated at
the primary department of the University
of Pennsylvania. His school days ended
at the age OF seventeen, and he commenced
the study of law shortly afterward. In 1865
he removed to Pittsburg and was admitted
to the bar of Allegheny county and con-
tinued his membership up to the time OF
his death. He esrly assumed a leading po-
sition in the lay ranks OF the u .iecopal
Church, and hsld prominent official rela-
tions in the diocesian conventions. In
politics he was staunch Democrat, and
was always recognized leader in the con-
ventions, both local and State. The first
public position he held was that of mem
Der of the State Constitutional Convention,
in which body he was member OF
the Judiciary Committee. He was
one o. the Democratic Commissioners
sept to Florida to investigate the
frauds alleged in the Hayes cam
paign. He was delegate to the Ma
tional conventions in 1875. 1880 and 1884.
and in the latter was on the Committee OF
Resolutions and framed the tariff plank OF
the platform. He was strong supporter
of Cleveland in the convention, although
his colleagues from this district were
friends OF Randall. He was appointed
First Assistant Postmaster General by
Presid ut Cleveland on March 18th last,
and lei sick bed to go to Washington to
accept the position. He rallied for short
time, but the oneyous duties of the posi-.
ton told on his delicate constitution and
he was compelled to resign. He returned
i r.. Al Aau
be has not been able to leave his house
Although his demise has been expected
the announcement this morning caused
sincere sorrow among all classes.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21
APPEAL SPECIALS.
Sensation at Chattanooga Over the Mys.
terious Disappearance Of Bean
tiful Young Lady.
The Fight Between the East Tennessee,
Virginia and Georgia and the At
lantic Railroads.
First Day Of the Helena Fair-GOOd Races
and Fine Stock Exhibits-Aber-
deem, Miss.
ESPECIAL TO THE APPRAL.I

CHATTANOOGA, October eO-The mystic
nous disappearance of Miss Kate Kaveny
creates considerable sensation here. The
young lady was private secretary for G. E.
James, a leading iron merchant, and she
possessed rare qualities of person and
MIND, and -as greatly esteemed. She left
on June 18th for Cincinnati, to have an
operation performed, and arranged to re-
turn on July lst. Since then nothing has
been heard from her. Her trunk is at the
depot in Cincinnati unclaimed. Her rela-
tives in that city did not know she had
left Chattanooga. She had $7C0 or $500
with her, which she was carrying to her
mother. II is thought here that she was
either robbed and murdered after her ar
rival in Cincinnati by some one who dis
covered on the train that she had the
money, or that she died in hospital under
treatment at Cincinnati, and her relatives
were never notified. No stone is left rn-
turned to discover some trace Of her, and
competent detectives are fefreting out the
mystery.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21
NEWS IN BRIEF.

LOUISVILLE, KY, October PA special
from williamsburg states that white school
teacher named LsanGer was shot and killed by a
colored pupil, who was drunk at the time.
COLUMBUS, o., October 2e-The principal
cities of the State were repr ented to-day in a
c3nvention Of delegates societies for the
in the steam'ssw-mill of J. A. Quaekenbush, meal
Ridgeville, exploded at day break, killing two
men and a boy. Three others were terribly
scalded and one is missing.
ST. LOUIS, MO-, October 20.-The Grand
Lodge of Missouri, Knights of Pytbias, begar
their fifteenth annual meeting here to-day, with
candidates were initiated, besides which nothing
but routine business was enacted.
PENSACOLA, FLA, October 20.-A fire las
night consumed the entire block in which the
city buildings were located. Heavy winds pre-
vailed, but the public plaza, north of the block
assisted the firemen to confne the confagr&tion
The loss exceeds $4,000.
LOUISVILLE, KY, October 2.-A specia
from Williamsburg, KY, to the Courier -Journa
says: The convicts employed in the coal mine
in Whitley county, KY, overpowered the guard
and escaped this afternoon. No further articu
lars have been ascertained.
COLUMBUS, o., October 20.-The Ohio Equa
Rights Association met to-day with a small at
tendance. A new organization was formed, to b
known as the Ohio Women's Suffrage Christian
League, the object heing to admit men as cola
borers. Miss Ida Beaver of Dayton addresse,
the meeting tonight.
AUGUSTA, GA, October 2O.-A Parnell meet
Congressman Barnes and others. Resolution
were passed setting forth the principle that al
governments should be based on the consent o
the governed, and that Ireland is entitled to tn
same status as that accorded to Canada an
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21

Mr. F. H. CossITT of New York, but for
many years Of this city, is a guest of the
Gsyoso, and, as will be seen from an in
terview had with him yesterday by an
APPEAL reporter, is very enthusiastic over
the future Of Memphis. Mr.. Cossitt first
saw this city in 1882, j1st five years after
ats first mayor, Maj. Winchester, had been
inducted into office. He established the
first wholesale dry goods store here, and
Tor many years was the leader of the mer-
camille fraternity. The style of his firm
was for a long time Cossitt, Hill
& Talmadge, and their store at
the corner OF Jefferson and Main streets,
now occupied by the wholesale
house Of B. L0weDstein & Co., was
long famous as the leading establishment
of the kiud in the Southwest, rivaling
those OF Cincinnati ard st. Louis. Mr.. Cos
slit, though for twenty-five years or more
a resident OF New Yors, has never lost
his interest in Memphis; m the contrary,
he is as enthusiastic in his hopes for its
future as the youngest man within its
limits. His present visit hes relation
chiefly to the block on the orner OF Beale
and Main streets, recently condemned as
unsafe, and it is hoped hat he will see il
10 his interest II erect i its place build
ing that viii be an oTnai ent to that part of
the city, an, a fair illus, alton OF his faith
IN the city he helped to lay the founda-
tiOns of
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21

THE death of the late First Assistant
POstmaster-General Hay will be generally
regretted by the country. During the few
months that his failing health permitted
him to hold the Office TO which he was
appointed by the President the peo-
pie learned to know him as a man
worthy Of their confidence, and the high
consideration of Mr. Cleveland expressed
by his appointment. In Pennsylvania,
and especially in Pittsburg, where he was
for years resident member of the bar,
he was held in the highest esteem, and
was beloved by those who knew him
most intimately. An ardent Democrat
and practical politician of experience, he
was noted for the dignity of his methods
and very positive purpose to conserve
principles rather than persons. Had he
lived, he might have reached the highest
stations, for his cfpacity was large and his
ambition was always held within the
limits in which men usually find the en-
during foundation essential to successive
and successful PROGRESS
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21
Racing at VyaahinRs0n

WARRINGTON, October 20.-There was a
good dav and track and a large attendance
at the races to-day.
First Race.-Penalties and allowances,
one mile. Jim Douglass won by length /;
Strathspey second, Rica third. Time
:43.
Second Race. - The Anacosta stakes,
three year olds, penalties and allowances,
one mile and an eighth. Telie Doe won
by half length; Elmendorf second, Bo-
mar "a third. Time-I:t9.
Third Race.-Handicap, one mile and
one-fourth. Swift won by two lengths;
Heels nd-Toe second, King George third.
Tme-2:l13.
Fourth Race.-Selling race, one mile.
Tony Foster won by two lengths; liberia
second, Cardinal McCloskey third. Time
i AS.
Fifth Race.-All ages, three-fourths of a
mile heats First Heat.-Frankie 3 won
by half a Length; McBowling second,
Brookwood third. Time-l:l62. Second
Heat-MeBowling won by two lengths
Brookwood second, frankie B third. Time
-1:163. Third Heat-McBowling won
by three-fourths of length, frankie B
second. Time-1:16
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21
The Railroad War,

CHATTANOOGA, TENN, October TO- The
war between the East Tennessee, Vir-
ginis and Georgia Railroad and the West
ern and Atlantic, is now reaching climax.
The latter has had an offer at Knoxville
for several weeks to cut under the East
Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia on all
Southern business. The East Tennessee,
Virginia and Georgia to-day opened a
prominent Office in Nashville and an
nounced a reduction of z per cent. in
rates to the Southeast and Jack
sonvilie. This step of the East
tennessee, Virginia and Georgia
carries the war into the territory of the
Louisville and Nashville, and must neces-
sarily involve that line. All the cuts are
made from Chattanooga as a base, each OF
warning lines paying local rates from
Nashville and Knoxville to this city. The
trouble arises from the fact that both sys-
TENS have parallel lines out of Chattanooga
to Atlanta and no pool arrangement will
be observed. The war has been in prog
ress already two months, and is now being
urged with renewed energy and further
/ reductions are quite probable.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-10-21
PLEASED WITH HIS RECEPTION.
Archdeacon Farrar's Impression of
America and the People.

New YORK, October 20.-Archdeacon
Fsrrar said to a reporter yesterday: 81
have been impressed with the warmth
and the universally of the kindness that /
have received on all sides. 1t has come
not merely from the bishops OF the United
States and Canada, but also from the repre-.
sentatives of all religious denominations.
1 have been most struck with the enormous
power Of life, energy and vivacity in every
department. have been deeply impressed
by your educational institutions, espe-
cially by those for the instruction Of the
deaf and dumb. 1 found that the instruc-
ton is carried to far greater degree OF
perfection here than in England. In re.
gard to your libraries, l have been pleased
to see the great improvements that You
have over those in England. The same is
true in regard to the smaller libraries.
These great advantages should make
America a nation of scholars"