National Republican., 1885-11-21

Yves, therefore, totally different Morse's
idea Of utilizing the power generated by
electricity In an electrO-magnet readily
suggested to ingenious persons the idea OF
operating mechanism for printing charac-
tiers at receiving station and as a result
printing telegraphs sprung into existence.
A large class Of instruments Of this kind ex-
lists, and much ingenuity has been exhibited.
The well-known "stock tickcrs' found in
all stock exchanges are OF this class OF in
vention. The simplest form of apparatus
embraces main line earthed at both ends,
with battery located at the transmitting
station. A rotatory arm rotated by clock
or other mechanism Is attached TO vertical
shaft which carries a device for making and
breaking the circuit as many times as there
are characters to be transmitted on
making one complete revolution OF this
shaft.
Located above the rotatory arm is dial
having keys bearing the characters to be
transmitted, said keys being adapted to be
projected into the path OF the rotatory arm
so as to stop II and send prolonged cur
rent to line
At the several receiving stations are To-
Gated two electro magnets one OF which is
more sensitive than the other, or as ex-
pressed in electrical terms Is not so sluggish
as the other This sensitive magnet actuates
an armature on each make and break Of the
circuit which armature has attached to IL
an escapement wheel for controlling the
rotation Of type wheel located on the same
shaft as this escapement wheel. Beneath
the type wheel, which has on It's lateral face
as many characters as there are keys on the
key board or dial at the transmitting sta
tion, is located a paper strip normally out
of contact with the type wheel, and borne
by printing arm attached to an armature
actu0ted by the second electro magnet on
each prolonged make Of the circuit occa-
stoned by a stoppage of the rotating trans
mittlng arm.
The type. wheel is linked by an mixing
roller resting on its upper surface. Now
on starting the transmitter each time the
circuit is made and broken the type wheel
is advanced one step.
To print any particular letter It's corre-
spending key is depressed until the arm is
stopped in its rotation. A prolonged stop
page Gctuates the second or sluggish print
ing magnet and causes its armature to lift
the paper strip and print the desired letter.
On releasing the Key the printing lever
actuates by pawl mechanism a feed ap
paratus and advances the paper one step
ready for the next letter.
If several such receiving apparatus are
located ON one line IL becomes necessary to
provide unlsoning devices for keeping all
the type wheels at unison, or so that the
same letter will be printed at each impress
sion.
To this end c-ntrivances are supplied
which throw all the type wheels to com
mon or zero point once In each complete
revolution or once after each impression, as
desired.
These devices display much ingenuity.
particularly in the class of printers known
by the title of "doublc type wheel" In the
double type wheel instruments one type
wheel prints letters and the other figures,
and usually each wheel is actuated by a
magnet in an independent line, and the
printing Is effected by shifting apparatus
for throwing the lever first against one wheel
and then its fellow, thus printing letters or
figures at the pleasure Of the transmitting
operator
Mr.. Edison has doubtless done more to
simplify and make complete the modern
printer than any other inventor, and more
| patents have been granted him upon such
apparatus than any other person.
The invention Of the speaking telephone
almost stopped invention upon printers, for
the reason that 1t supplied want which
| they could not meet, viz, an actual and
immediate interchange of thought
But little is now done in this direction,
and competition is not very active. There
are about 800 patents covering all kinds OF
electrical inventions appertaining to this
| type Of apparatus.
| Following the improved printers came
the duplex and quadrupleX instruments for
transmitting two or more messages over
one wire simultaneously in the same or OPP
| posite directions.
II had been known as early as 1853 that
two messages could be transmitted over
one wire at the same time by diiferentIating
the circuits at both stations; that Is to say,
by winding one leg of the receiving
clectro-magnet with the main line wire apd
the other leg with an artificial line OF re-
sistance equal the main line, but in such
| III shnt N
transmitting battery and the home station
would cause said battery to have no effect
upon the home instrument, and would
aCtuate the distant instrument while both
Instruments would respond for signals
sent simultaneously by both the keys.
Steinhel devised such an arrangement,
but It was only adapted for short distances,
not excluding thirty miles.
1t was not until 1873, however, that ]. B.
Stearns hit upon the happy idea of equaliz..
ing the statical or charging conditions OF
the main and artificial lines Of duplex
line, locating a statical equalizer in the
nature of condenser in the artificial line at
each station, for overcoming false signals
due TO the unbalanced statical condition OF
the main and artificial lines on long circuits,
that duplex telegraphing became a success
for long distances over thirty miles
Mr.. Stearns obtained patents In 1870 GOV
ering this ingenious contrlvance, and the
Western Union Telegraph Company pur-
chased them for handsome compensation.
1t is upon these patents that suit has been
recently brought In Newly ori by the Western
Union against the baltimore and Ohio Tee
graph Company. The patents II sustained
are very valuable, and cover all successful
duplexes for long distances.
In 1873 and 1874 Mcssrs. Edison and Mich
olson turned their attention to quadrupleS
telegraphy, each independent Of the other
Their inventions involve the idea of send
ing one message by current reversals and
pressure. To this end pole key at the
transmitting station sends currents OF al
ternate direction as 1t is depressed
and raised, thus actuating polal
relay magnet at the receiving station
whose armature remains In one posi-
tiOn for a current of one direction
and is caused to assume another position OF
reversal Of the direction OF the current
This armature by its vibrations opens ant
closes a local battery circuit through {
Morse sounder. Another key at the trans
mitting station causes currents OF create
strength TO be sent to line which actuates
neutral or common magnet relay, whose ar
mature is held back by a strong spring 70
the currents which actuate the polar relay
the spring only being overcome entirel!
when the intensity key is actuated alone o
when both keys are actuated together
This relay also actuates a local Morse read
ing sounder
If this system is differentiated, that is du
picked In the manner above noted, 1t double
its capacity, SO that four messages may b
sent ut one. tlme-twO in each direction
Mr.. Edison has also devised seXtuplel
telegraph for sending six messages at once
r In this apparatus one message is sent b.
current Teyersals, one by current tension
and a third by reed vibration; and b.
differentiation, as is above shown, thre
: more messages are sent,
p In multipleX tecgraphy much mas bee
done with reeds tuned to vlbrate in unison
but not with very gratifying success,
e The latest improvement in the line O
multiple transmission Is that known as tn
unison rotating system, where any numbe
Of messages are transmitted. An arm cal
rylng contact brush is caused TO rotat
over a series Of contacts at each station
The series OF contacts are divided into seq
a | mpnte thnt each mir Of ODAratDr,