The Manitowoc pilot. [volume] (Manitowoc, Wis.) 1859-1932, 1885-07-16
PRACTICAL ART.


Twenty miles is the distance pene-
trated by the improved fog-signals now
III use. This power. it appears, is
gained by two slotted cylinders, one
Ilxed and the other revolving in it.
The slots. as they pass one another,
stop OF cut OF the passage of compress
ed air or steam, thus causing q series
! OF vibrations, and, consequently, a mu-
slcal note, the pitch of which depends
| upon the speed OF the revolving cvlin-
der. In order to vary this note it is
only necessary to control this velocity.
The double-note horn is formed with a
casing, within which are fixed slotted
| cylinder and a revolving cylinder NOV
ing upon spindle. The slots are
formed in each cylinder at opposite in
| cllned angles, so that the motive fluid
| lmplnglng against a number of inclin-
ed planes causes the inner cylinder to
revolve with great rapidity, CARRYING
| two disks. These are attached to the
| common spindle, and upon their peri
| pheries are pressed levers, under the
action OF small pistons operated by dia-
| phragms, to the outer surface of which
compressed air is admitted. One brake
is put on for high note, both brakes
| for low note.
Large quantities of timber are now
creosoted at the West in a special man
ner, for railroad purposes, the effect
being to increase the tenacity of the
wood for holding spikes, etc, as well
as its density and ability to resist me-
chanical wear. This is done by means
OF an apparatus consisting of a boiler
plate cylinder, of a size adapted to the
timber; this cylinder is of a strength
sufficient to resist 800 pounds pressure
per square inch, and has a track ex-
tending for its whole length along the
bottom, the cylinders ends being clos
ed by strong iron doors, air and water
tight. When timber has been run into
the cylinder and the doors closed.
steam at about 100 pounds pressure is
elected into the cylinder, the supply
continuing as required by the nature
and dryness of the wood; the steam is
then shut OF, and vacuum pumps
worked rs long as any liquids or vapors
are obtained, the hot preserving LIQUID
being now run into the cylinder from
the reservoir until full. The force
pumps are again operated until the in
terror pressure is some 100 pounds per
inch, and kept thus until sufficient pre-
servative fluid is forced into the pores
OF the wood; the force pumps are now
Shut of, and the creosote oil or other
liquid contained in the cylinder is dis
charged IN suitable cistern, after
which the doors at the ends of the evil
lnder are opened and the car carrying
the timber or ties run out.
A great many napkins and other ar
tcleS OF usefulness are now made in
Europe from the bark of the paper
mulberry. The bark for these pur-
poses Is first dried in the air for two or
three days, then plunged for twenty
four hours in current of fresh water,
after which, with the aid of a particu-
lar kind of cord, the two species of IL
bres of which it is composed are sep
arated. The interior fibres are those
from which fine paper is made; they
washed anew in running water, in
which they are allowed to soak
shorter time than previously, and are
then dried; finally they are boiled in
lye made from the ashes of buckwheat
flour, constant stirring being kept up;
another washing in pure water carries
~" lIlS 4sIoL III anu INC liD4
are next pounded with hammers of
wood for about twenty minutes; after
this they are second time rolled into
balls, and finally transformed into
pulp, rice-water being mixed with it.
The subsequent treatment of the pulp
is identical with that of the ordinary
manufacture of paper. Leather pa
per- is obtained by the superposition
of many sheets of the material previ-
ously stepped in ''yonoko," pressed,
and glazed with ''shellas."
The operation has been successfully
accomplished by German chemist Of
separating rags of cotton and wool
mixed by subiecting them to the action
of jet of superheated steam. Under
q pressure of five atmospheres the
wool melts and sinks to the bottom of
the receptacle, while cotton, linen, and
other vegetable tibres stand, thus re-
naming suitable for paper manufac-
ture. The liquid mud which contains
the wool precipitated by this means is
then desiccated; the residue, to which
is given the name of azotine, is COM
pletely soluble in water, and is valua
bic on account of its nitrogen. The III
creased value of the pulp free from
wool is sufficient TO cover the cost of
the process.-AeI0 York SaGg2.