The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1885-09-18
THERMOMETERS.
HOW THEY ARE MADE AND HOW
THEY ARE TESTED. ..
IChicago Herald

Tho ctan n orI NnmHhfnA-
10, J, rra 4.,;c.I scianca snJ raou;sita vork.
on .n.n,p "a ,ar frst-c,as. ;nstrumant
b vn,, n. va fo nav "A manv dollars M Won nav
ssn,. tor Nh. orainarv srtI,,la and then Won
c.n,t ,wa.r nv n bacausa tbere ara so MANY
iranances that afYect tha correctness of the
tbarnsI recister not q, sneak of the ;nfiu-
.rca. ny,r tha crn nlatad instrument bv the
locat,or 4, tha lattar - -, -
Numerous nracant;ons ar, renuired Ia
tr,n ant 4 "a ndard instrnment First OF
an comes the choice Of A tube The bora
has ,o h, carafn,lv tastai IN sae whether Il
10 =, ,,n;,oru, 90 ns citv Tn mott Of the tubes
tbs hove is w;dar on ona and than on the
p otb.r although the differences NAV be 20
email that n reouires verv delicate opsra.
ton, 40 ssta b,;sh n. Onitei freouently In
bnndrs {, nonnds of the small tubes not more
thar h.lf dovan ar. FOUND vbich ara abso-
intalv trna bacansa from the verv nature Of
tbe :. ~ tba bora bairo nrodncad Nv blov-
inc Ia I'm fact notbino s,sa Tran a rortion of
. 1srv e,onostad coma Astar the tuba has
h.an sa,act.j the buIh 4 a,sd hv msltino
o,,e ana n the tnha' IN In. aama Of an
alcohol I.mn AMI bIowin, IN At tna other.
Ths, q email quantity Of mercury IA admit
~ ~ .Itarra,aIy COOLING and baatino
tha b,ib tine yerv dajicata thread OF the
ri e,ia a a-;vsnl srov, en-. 'a,,d ~ tha t,,ha to
~. ,,,,.- "A a,,r;,r, th;s rrocs.. it, Iangth
e ss rss,,iv rnassnrss in ali nsrts Shonld
tha Isnotb aItar In variou. SITUATIONS the
vort trsn knows that ths canacitv of the
hor. 4. not nm nisorm - .'-~Ir'' -. ~ : ..
To mike the bnIb Of thu r.ouirsd sizs Is
solalv a u,attsr of prac,ica as no machinery
hi been Invented 10 produce Il automatic-
.uv i Is,ha hn,h l. tno Iar,e thu irstrumant
IL, 49,, .Ios~ .n 4, !, d. ~ sr,.ii
.. IA, sa. a.t.; -, a,.is,. ,,,.r.rr, ., rae,
49, n ~ S;"h ......,,r. tn .h.r ~
.I, siDa..ano. IT,. snhsr;.
~ q .s,,..ss s -. .s....s - -
n. ..'a v..,,;, -. ;, ,hs str,,osrh.x.
s.s Is.,a s.s s..,,.i.;.s, IL, go. I.rsa. an,
-,.rs,-v .nd ~ ,h.r.,ors ne..
ts.r,a sor r,ors 5.,;.s "a ;ns,rrr,snts varv
as..,, 81 .hi,, h.,,hs t>r .r,,.,I o,sr,;t;es ~
-...-- - - -. L.,s Ell i.a,..t;,
.,'.;,.. !. ~ a.. .s .. hs
Fl Sa I.A -, - ~ c.;..1 -
us.a.S 80. h,,1h. p.ao ~ - Oh.
80. s..s. - :, -. s,,.,, S,..-;h,,.;o,, a,
s..s. sr.sI 20 .,s a,n,os~,hsrs hnt
s,..ss ,s,,,s, r,,;- s,r ,h;.Snas. os ol..s
.nes 49, Su y, s.s. =. aht.;,.d e -.
s...',.,.s ,.,.i,,ssS - - 0'5.'0-' :,
qsy , - s,,,.s s .u,. hsw,,
-, sa,.rr,,r.d, H.. s,,I,,s ;s ao,,a IN : vary
I'll si. = ~ .I;,,a 90 hash 49,.
s tIpanna az .sn ;.to.. IT,.
r su,S !. h.stsJ -h;,s th. o,,s,, ana ~ ths
t,,hs - h~ Ia, =, .h. All :. 30 n,ar.,-,,
H., .i,n.;ns tss huIh t,' cool the stuo.
- ~ ~ =, .sa .,,.rsnr,,
~. ,ha go "a ,hfs ~-o,a., q o,,t;nn.i
M, 1te .s.s e ,m.;.s ..s,sv ., b,sh s,,d
- n =. - .ha 80, ';r,,,o-,. - 81 -
IL ,,..c,rv ~ sras srn,,, ,,,o;stnr, AMI air
i. snd !, acconn,,sh this ths n,staI IA hoilad
hssor. ths 6I,inc nrocess After the fillino
n - ho;lod .o.in In the tube and when ths
.,nios;on NJ air and n,oistnra "a comnlate
tha ,yorLr,sn dert.rou.Iv ,,losss thu tnba nv
tho asma from bis b,ovn;ne
That ar;Sbs, the ,,uraIv mechanical nart
NJ m.Ling the thsrmomster. for the oradua-
tion of the sca,a NAV trulv be terned a s,,i-
.,t;fc nrocaa3ino at Last so far ne uradnat-
;rr . st.nd ard ir.trumant is concarn A In
~ Common tbsrmomatsr the tube ia t,xsd
70 . scale on which the degrees are marked.
while i'm the standard iu.trument the Gale Is
snoravad In the stem itsslf Ia order TO in.
snrs Tia yraatest no,sibls accuracy Of obser.
v.t;on Tbs eract freezing point has to pe
dsteruined f,rst and this a done bv means
Of mailing ice. which has always the same
tamrarat,,ra nrovided the water from
which the ice CONCEALED II pure. The bulb
and tba lovar nortion Of the tube ara placed
mQIC1nN mercury
statIonary the freezing point is marked.
Tbis 4 a oomparatiyely easy matter. but 70
dstermine the boiling point Is more difficult
because n varies with tho pressure Of the
atmosphere. i@ F.3
Under certain con iitions, combining GER
tain atmospheric pressure at cartain atti-
tuie, the boiling point can DO ascsrtained
with exactnsss, out ordinarhy' even IN gooa
fn41rnm0ntQ- ADDrOXl-
mately ascertaine1 oy actuai expsrimenI
| copper Douer y pfovlasi win an open
cyhnner IN tne .op servins s'a venic,e ,or
the water 70 % oolied. Inc open cyhnasr
s just long enough 70 permit tne insertion
OF the tnsrmoms.sr, so tnas tne oo,o aoes
mot touch the water. ani over this cyl,nter,
protect the form,r from the air. AS tle
| vap V OF tne ooihnS waS'r ri'e' tns suoe =
gradnally lowered, so 81 20 kssp tne Top OF
| tue mercury Just Visible aoove tne cyhnoer.
Where the mercury remains statonary tna
/ boiling point ootainsd ana marked ON,
subject TO corrections Tor errors
The space oetwssn tne treszsng ana Doll
l ing point = nexs divided into cer1aln aum
Dor of equal degree. FAnrsnneis MAKES .
degrees tne ireexlng anu sls aesrees 1na
boiling point; consequently the intermsdi'
ate space - divided into iso degrses Gel
nus proposss xsro for the irsesing point ana
100 degrees Tor the boiling point hsaumuf
has the freestng and boiling points separ
arated by 30 instead OF 100 degrees Fahr
sahsit arrived at his graduation by onserv
ations and experiments made in.1ceiand
i The Pover Of MsIody.
New York Tribuael
A,.r,. ma, 9TH an ,orouinetta .tood a,
- IA 4 III I. A. A.. Al,
4 Trts1 : q y.,ra : v.taa NJ Al : fhe f,tba,
| ,i.ht vait,ny for !. shuttls tr.in. A mart,
Of q dozen Young psopls. just OF ths Brook