The Cecil Whig., 1885-06-20
Jefferson and Madison Republicanism vs.
Jackson Democracy.
by AN OLD DEMOCRAT.

the Protcctionist and Internal Improve
ment Republicans of the frontier States
Votes for them have accordingly beer
classed as votes against the more dis
tinctly Democratic Jackson and Craw
ford. Until 1924 the organization nov
known as the Democratic party usually
styled itself Republican. To prevent
misunderstanding, however, in the above
table, it has been thought best to cal
the party Of Jefferson and Madison by its
now more familiar name"
To claim for the Jackson Democratic
party, which was composed of many
Federalists, as the same organization as
the Jetferson-Madison Republican party
is absurd and falacious. 1t did not ever
have the same name. "Niles' Register .
published about the time of the war ol
1912, and ''Hale's History of the United
States, published after the war, nevel
applies the name Democratic to the Re.
publican party, whose opponent was the
Federal party, any more than the name
Democrat is now applied to the present
Republican party, whose opponent is the
Democratic party.
The writer recOllectS seeing pamphlet
giving the returns of the Presidential
election of 1918; and in Virginia, among
the Adams electors was James Madison
and James Monroe. These gentlemen
did not serve; but it is the strongest kind
of proof that they were in favor of the
reelection of John @. Adams, or they
never would have been chosen as
Adams electors; and their not serving
was owing to other causes. Some of the
leading Republican newspapers, such as
the NdtiSHdl ItelligeHcer, Niles Regis
ter, and, l believe, the United States CT
:ette, became Wing, and opponents of
Jackson Democracy.
Mr.. Crawford, who was the caucus
nominee of the Republican party in 1924,
was in favor of the recharter of the
United States Bank in 1911, which was
established by the Federal party, but its
recharter was opposed by most of the
Republicans, and Henry Clay among the
rest; bnt Mr.. Clay changed his opinion,
and in his speech on the veto of the
bank in 1882 said:
And here, Mr.. President, l must re-
quest the indulgence of the Senate whilst
express few words in relation to my
self. | voted in 1911 against the old
Bank of the United States, and | deliv-
cred on the occasion a speech in which.
among other reasons, | assigned that of
its being unconstitutional. My speech
has been read to the Senate during the
progress of this bill; but the reading of
it excited no other regret than that 1t
was read in such wretched, bungling
manner. During long public life Il
mention the fact not as claiming any
merit for iD, the only great question in
which have ever changed my opinion is
that of the Bank of the United States.
If the researches of the Senator had
carried him little further, he would, by
turning over few more leaves of the
same book from which he read my
speech, have found that which made in
1918 in support of the present bank. By
the reasons assigned in it for the change
of my opinion l am ready to abide in
the judgment of the present generation
and of posterity. In 1916, being Speaker
of the House of Representatives, it was
ing and done nothing, and thus have
concealed the change of opinion which
my mind mad undergone. But did moi
choose to remain silent and escape re
sponsibility; chose publicly to avow
my actual conversion. The war and the
fatal experience of its disasterous event.
had changed me, Mr. Madison, Gov.
ernor Pleasants and almost all the public
men around me. My political friend.
had changed their opinions from thu
same causes.
''The power to establish bank is de
duced from that clause of the Constitu
tion which confers on Congress all pow
ers necessary and proper to carry int
effect the enumerated powers. In 1911
believed bank of the United States no
necessary, and that 4 safe reliance nigh
be placed on the local banks in the ad
ministration of the fiscal affairs of tn,
Government. The war taught us man,
lessons; and among others demonstrated
the necessity of the Bank of the United
States to the successful operations of th,
Government"
AS for General Jackson, who wa
merely a military man and no statesman
| and who was not in Congress in 1911, hi
opinion on the bank question and othe
political measures at that time was,
believe thought to be of but very littl
Importance.
Mr.. Clay, who was supporter of JEFF
| ferson's and Madison's Administration
and the war of 1912, and was one of th
leaders of the old Republican party, wa
far better authority upon the subiec
IL ,1,
published, or any man now living said il
his speech at Taylorsville, Va, i'll 1910
And yet the partisans of this tire
mendous executive powe: arrogate tt
| themselves the name of Democrats an(
bestow upon us, who are opposed to it.
| the denomination of the Fcderalists. Ii
the Senate of the United States there ar
| ti.e gentlemen who were members of TIN
| Federal party. and four of them hav
| been suddenly transformed into Demo
Gratis, and are now warm supporters o
this Administration, whilst |, who ha,
eXerted the utmost of my humble abili
| ties to arouSe the nation to vindicatio,
of its insulted honor and its violate,
rights. and to the vigorous prosecution
| of the war against Great Britain, t.
which they were violently opposed, fin,
myself, by a sort of magical influence
converted into Fcderalist. The onl
American citizen that | ever met wit
who was an avowed monarchist was
supporter of the Administration of Gen
eral Jackson, and he acknowledged t
me that his motive was to bring abOu
the system of monarchy which his judg
mGnt preferred.
There were other points of differenc
between the Federalists and the Demo
cratic or rather Republican party G
119S, but the great leading, prominen
discrimination between them related t
the constitution of the Executive De
parment of the Government. The Fed
eraists believed that in its structure
was too weak, and was in danger OF be
ing crushed by the preponderatin
weight of the Legislative branch. Henc
they rallied around the Executive, an
sought to give to it strength and euerg,
A strong government and an energeti
Executive was among them-the CON
mon language and the great object
that day. The Republicans, on the col
trary believed that the real danger la
O..