davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
LOCAL NOTICES

An important discovery. What ?
Why, the Home Art Co., of st. Johns
bury Centre ar~ selling photograph al
buns at wonderfully low prices.
You are invited to call at the Varie-
ty Store and see the largest variety of
goods III the state, always the lowest
prices. Immense line of new goods of
all kinds. A complete stock of every
thing. Special low prices during the
Fair. You can save money. If yOu
want anything will sell for less than
you can buy elsewhere. want to
close these goods out must be sold at
some price. Call in and see.
GEO. +. GROW.
FOUR WINTER TRIPS TO CALIFORNIA.
Messrs Raymond Il Whitcomb have
planned four grand winter excursions
to California. The first party will
leave Boston November II, the second
December 10, the third January ii and
the fourth February IL. Two months
will he passed at the elegant aud fash
ionable Hotel del Monte, Monterey,
and Il further time according to indl-
yidual inclination, at various other
health and pleasure resorts i'll Calitor-
mia, Colorado, Utah, etc. Persons who
wish to visit friends in California can
join any of the parties, and travel to
and from the Pacific coast with the
personally escorted companies, and
still be independent Of them i'll Cali
fOrnia. All the tickets are good to re-
turn independently, and there is "a
choice of rontes which renders the
homeward journey especially inviting.
All the passengers will return through
Colorado, visiting some of the grand
/ est scenic points in the Rocky Noun
| tains. Special rates are given for
| spring and early summer excursions to
the Yosemite Valley, the Sandwich
Islands, etc. Never before has tho
winter excursions TO California per-
mitted Of such freedoms in independent
action, or included so many attractive
features. Fhll descriptive circulars
may be obtained of w. Raymond 24l
| Washington street, b OstOn.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
A Grateful Patient.


MR. sTEARSs TELLS WHAT DIR. GAGE HAS DoNR
MR. EDIToR:-I am an old resident of Concord
and have. many know been q martyr to that
terrible dsease-epileptie fits for tho past sew
ungenerous as to take tn task because l pro-
posed tn try DIR. Cages treatment after they had
TAILED. now thank God that had sufficient re-
naming courage to try, for the terrible affection
was arrested almost at once aud | have had but
one attack during the last year or more This tes-
tmonlal IL wholly unsolicited by DIR. Gage. 1t is
duty owe 10 him and to the public.
Sincerely and gratefully yours
w. Is. STEARNS Concord, n H.
c. l.. Buffum. No. Monroe n H. total loss of
power in lower extremities; also kidney disease
cured and the doctor did not see him.
Edmund Brown, Keene, n. H., child could not
walk spinal disease and nearly blind with scrofulA
cured and can run and play.
Alice Titus, Winchester. y. H.. scrofula in eyes;
10 weeks in dark room cured.
Oliver Pelren, Concord n. H wife cured Of
ovarian difficulty and general female meaknsss
Mary Smith, East Gambia n. H.. dropsy and
ovarian tumor large as a persons head; cured.
Isaac BUtterick Londonderry n. H wife cured
of scrotula, and son of deafness and catSrrh.
A. l. Celley, West AndOver, n. H.. makes oath
DR. Gage cured her radically
Ora Bishop, Post Master at McIndOes. Vt, says:
My wife was very lame used crutohes DIR. Gage
Frank wheelock Newport, Vt. stomach liver
and kidney troubles and nervous prOstrAtOni gam
ed pounds in first 81 DAYS.
Levi Burt, LittletOn, n. H.. nervous prOstrAtiOn
&c, cured.
&. {. Hall, Boscawen. N H. cancer on lip. cured
Miss NJ. j. Barnet WaIpoIe n H. cured of
deafness and catarrh.
Amos Young Derry Depot, n. H., catarrh and
scrOfnla, 50 bad thai an Or6ce eaten through
the ROOF of the mouth; cured.
Ira AGIIeton. Hillsboro Bridge n. H, makes
oathA ife was helpless with spinal aud other
disea< Figbt 80 pounds; DR. Gage cured her and
never ss" herr weight l65 pounds"
Or. GAGE's APPOINTMENTS.
st. JObnsbury House Thursday Sept 10.
70 w Jlst 81. n. Y. every Monday.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
DIR. BRAsTow LAST SUNDAY.

Rev. Dr. l.. o. BrastOw Of New Hav-
Ell, Ct, formerly pastor of the South
church in this place, preached at that
church to- good congregations last Sum
day morning and evening, and also ad
ministered the communion in the af-
ternoon. DIR. BrastOw is now professor
of homiletics and pastoral theology at
Yale theological seminary.
''COme unto me, all We that labor
and are heavy laden, and will give
you rest" was the text of the scholar
ly but spiritual discourse which DIR
BrastOw preached at the morning SER
vice. He referred to the need of rest
to the various kinds of WEAKNESS, and
specially TO that of the soul, for which
Christ is the rest. Ours is notably a
restless age. No age ever needed Je-
sus Christ as this age does.
! The remarks made by the former
pastor at the communion service in the
afternoon were suggested by the
thought of those having no part in
that sacred service. He referred t,
the masses in heather darkness, who
ought specially to be remembered OF
such an occasion; to members of on
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
st. Johnsbury East.

james Mclaughlin is about to move
his barn TO its former site for leather
finishing shop and tannery.
Mrs. Calvin Morrill, is shingling her
house.--Miss Charlotte Morrill, has
gone back to Brooklyn, N. Y.-George
Goodall has newly shingled his Sar-
gent hOuse.-Warren Estabrooks is
looking for two more run of stone for
his grist-mill. Amy one having mill
stones for sale may call on Warren.
Oliver Spaulding is confined to the
house with sore throat.-Miss Emma
c. Stevens, who went to Boston to be
treated by DR.. Spear for deafness, has
returned improved.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
sHarriaaes.

A St Johnsbury, Sept s. by Rev. r. Il. Sand
ford, J. Eiwin Parker of Lyndon aud Clara +. Par
ker of st. JOhnsbury
At ST Johnsbury Sept. 5, by Rev. Z. T. Sand
ford. Bert A Goodrich and Ada Nelson both Of 81
JOhnsbury.
At ST. JohnsbuIy, Sept. ., by Rev. L. L. Sand
ford, Albert II. Shaw and Clara 4. Holder both OF
st. JOhnsbury
At st Johosbury. Sept. by Rev. II. W jenkins
Frank LOvejOy Of Enfield, n H., and Belle New
come of Lebanon. N. II.
Al Peacbsm, Sept 9, by Rev John BOle, Quincy
A. Whtehll Of Ryegats and bible A Warden OF
Peacham.
At Lancaster n. H.. Aug. 81, Michael McCOr-
ssnic< OF st. JOhnsbury and Mrs. Mary Hopkins of
Lancaster.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
Thousands Say So

Mr. t. W. Atkins, Girard, Kan writes: II never
hesitate to recommend your Electric Bitters
to my customers, they give entire satisfaction and
rapid sellers" Electric Btters are the purest
and best medicine known and will positively cure
Kidney and Liver complaints Purify the blood
and regulate the bowels No family can afford to
be without them. They will save hundreds of dol
lars in doctors bills every year Sold at fifty cent
a bottle by Flint Brothers. No3tJan 's6
Catarrh Cured health and sweet breath secured
by shilOh's Catarrh Remedy Price 50 cents Nasal
Injector free. Sold by G. F. BoYNToN, Druggist
sept 30
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
SINGING CLASSES.
Mr.. ]. n. HUMPHREY

VIII open a class for instruction in the rudiments
Of singing commencing Tuesday evening Oct 6,
at 80 O'Clock IN Good TemplArs hall Walkers
block Two lessons viii be given each week and
the winters course will embrace two terms of
eighteen lessons each, the second term being in
tended TO supplement the first, and taking up the
study where the first leaves it
The second term will offer desirab BILE facilities to
those some what advanced in music reading. The
system used will be that employed BY DIR. Palmer
in the classes Of the Church Choral Union" OF
New York city. The tuition will be dollar and
half per single tsIm OF two dollars for the course
of two terms. payable in advance Books will eosi
fifty cents
Mr.. Hum hrey will open q class for children q
be held in the North Church Chapel twice each
week al hours not conflicting with school Thirty
ak lessons will b. given At charge Of one dollar
Due notice Of the opening will be given ANY fur
Their information regarding these schools will b,
furnished by Mr.. Humphrey.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
Advice tn Mnthers.

Are you disturbed at night and broken of your
rest by sick child suffering and crying with pain
OF cutting teeth If so send at once and get bot
tie of MRS. WINsLOws SOOTHING SYRUP FOR CHILD
REN TEETHING. Its value is incalculable 1t will
relieve the poor little sufferer immediately. De-
pend upon 1t, mothers, there is mistake about it,
II cures dysentery and darrhOea, regulates the
bowels, cures wind collie sOftens tho gums reduces
Inflammation. and gives tone and energy to the
whole system. Mrs WinslOw's Soothing Syrup tor
Children Teething is pleasant to the taste and is
the prescription of of the oldest and best female
nurses and ply sicians in the United States and il
for sale by all druggists throughout the world.
Price 20 cents a bottle. t13 Oct IS
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
QeaHs.

At Lyndon Centre, Sept. e. Sewen Bradley, Esq,
aged 81.
At Newport Sept 2, EphrAiD W. Carpenter
aged 9I-fOrmerly Of Lyndon.
At Coventry, Sept. l. Mary, wife Of Ezra Guild
aged Sc.
at Coventry sept 2 John Chapman.
At Irasburgh Sept. 3 Thomas j. Eaton, aged 70.
At Bloomington, Sept, g. Fred Alexander, aged
about IS
At Cabot, Aug 81. Martha EngAlls. wife OF Seth
Adams aged g..
At Hardwick Sept. Rosetta Luce wife Of
Cyrus l.. Wheeler, aged 50.
Ar Cabot, sept ., Mary g., wife Of p. n. Parker
Of ChieOpee Mass-, and daughter Of Seth aud Mar
tina l.. Adams aged -.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

Mr. f. Springer, of Mechanicsburg. Pa. writes
Il was afflicted with lung fever and abscess GU
lungs, and reduced 10 a walking skeleton Got a
free trial bottle of DR.. Kings New Discovery for
Consumption, which did me so much good that
got dollar bottle fter using three bottles found
myself once more man, completely restored to
health, with hearty appetite, and gain in flesh
of AZ lbs" Call at Flint Brothers drug store and
get free trial bottle of this certain cure for all
Lung diseases Large bottles Soc and 81.
No. ; I Jan SO
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

-Pliny j. Cowles, for several years
past head clerk in the postoffice here,
was to have been married yesterday at
Derby to Miss Lila /. Morse of that
town. Their wedding trip takes in
Boston and other interesting points.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

The South church society of
Christian endeavOr had its annual
meeting last Monday evening and
elected these officers: president, Fred
Ross ; vice president, Miss Gillian
Webster; secretary and treasurer,
Miss Alice Hall; chairman of devotion
al committee, George b. Case; chair
man of membership committee, Miss
Ii. +. BlOdgett.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

graduate Of the Training School Of Nurses at the
Mary Fleteher Hospital, Burlington, will accept
employment as Nurse In private families Adreas
II Webster ST, st. JObnsbUry, VI. I'll
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

sends The CaledOnian several crab APP
pie bOughs cut from the same tree,
some heavy with ripeDed fruit and
others lnxnriant in blossoms very
pretty but not very rare sight.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

The lecture on phrenOlogy, adver-
tised To take place in the town hall last
week, was not given as there was no.
body there to hear it. ST. Johnsbury
people don't seem to care whether they
have well-shaped heads or not
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
Tin Shop for Sale or Rent.

Also a stock Of Stoves Tin Ware and 1iBmAn's
Tools, for sale. With good security, time given
for payment For particulars inquire at CAledo-
MAN Office.
ST. Johnsbury, Vt. Aug. 94th 1855. s-lI'
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
Fire at Barton This Morning.

The drug store of f. F. Dutton and
the general store of o. ID. Owen at Bar
ton were both burned this morning.
Particulars have not come to hand as
we go to press.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
THE PAssUMPsIC RAILROAD.

The annual report of the Passumpsic
road shows for the year ending June
30 last, total receipts of S797 $50; ex-
penses, $498, Ill; net earnings, 5000, =
AIS. There was a slight decrease in
the business of the road, of which the
directors say "The falling off in pas
senger receipts was mainly owing to
the decrease in the demand for opera
which have been supplied from Can
ada. The decrease in freight receipts
results from a reduction in rates of To-
cal freight Oh the line of the road, made
to correspond with reductions made by
other competing roads. We hope, on
! the revival of business, that the in
crease on local freight will more than
make good the loss by the reduction
made in rates" One new locomotive
! and one new saloon ear have been add
ed to the equipment; 1000 tons of steel
rails and &c, 4S3 new ties were laid dur
ing the year and 1900 tons of steel rails
have been purchased and will be used
in the following year. This will com.
plete the track with steel rails the en-
tire length of road from White Rivel
Junction to LennOxville. The follow
ing are the directors and officers of tn,
road, the same as last year Directors
Emmons Raymond, Cambridge, Mass.
w. X. Blodgett, Boston, A. b. Har
ris, Springfield, Mass. Frederick Bill
lings, Woodstock Alden Speare, New
ton, Mass. Amos Barnes, Boston Os
car Edwards, Northampton, Mass. /;
, w. Pierce, Boston S. S. Thompson
5 Lyndonville. E. Raymond, president
: A. b. Harris, vice president; n. F
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

Dy nuIIUD Curo We GUARANTEE it
Hair Vine stimulates the hair and prevents it
from falling out itching of the scalp and re-
moves dandrufi. Try it for headache aud neuralgia
At druggists st. JOhnsbury and elsewhere ItoetIs
HdIe'S Honey the great Cough cure. CSC SOC & 81
Gtenn'S Sulphur Soap heals and beautihes 25c
German Corn Remover kills corns and Bunions
HiuS Hair and WhisEeT Dye-black and brown soc
Pixies IoOthGche Drops cure in Minute 25cts feb
Deans Rheumatic Pills are a cure Scots 1856
VIII You Suffer with Dyspepsia and Liver com
plainti Shiloh's Vitalizer is guaranteed to cure
you. Sold by e. F. BoyntOn, Druggist
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
AT THE STATE FAIR.

AL The SLATE FAlh.
A number of st. JOhnsbury people
attended the state fair at Burlington
this week. Among the exhibits were
some from here. G.. f. Gibbs, florist,
sent IL number of very handsome floral
designs. The principal one was a large
arch of asters, roses, etc, some three
feet in height. Over the upper part of
it were the words Coates Ajar," while
below were the gates made of golden
rod and standing ajar. At the base of
the arch rested a rich cross of roses
and just through and beyond the gates
was suspended "A large crown of roses,
asters, etc. The design was quite
unique and very happily executed.
Among the other pieces were masonic
emblems, floral Tyre, pillows, etc.
A. l.. Bailey has on exhibition at the
fair full line of cabinet organs and
unuSioal
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
RuckIen,s Arnica SaIvs

The Best Salve in the world for cuts bruises
sores ulcers, salt rhume fever sores letter chap
ped hands chilblains cOrns, and all skin eruptions
and positively cures piles, pay required. 1t
Is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction money
refunded frce - cents per box For sale by
Flint Brothers. L Ian q &c
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

The official list of special delivery
pOstOtfices has been received at the
st. JOhnsbury office and gives only
five Vermont offices st. Johnsbnry,
BrattlebOro, Burlington, Rutland, st.
Albans-instead of seven as has been
published
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
A CARD.

We desire to express our sincere thanks To those
friends and neighbors who 50 kindly assisted us
during the long sickness and death OF a husband
and father. MRS. ). HUMPHREY
L. q. HUMPHREY.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

On account of the extreme humid
ity of the atmosphere the band did not
give an open air concert Tuesday
evening. If the weather is favorable
the band will play in front of the Ath-
enaum SATURDAY. evening.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
OUR ADVERTISERS.

Our columns are so crowded with
news this week that we cannot give
our very liberal advertisers the notice
we would like to. They are all index
ed at the head of local columns how
ever. Besides the ads. of Mr.. Conant
and the st. j. Clothing Company,
which speak for themselves, Mr.. An
derson's poor health obliges him to of
fer his business for sale; Charles Car
penter argues with those of defective
vision E. n. Randall gives list %
his nice goods; w. n. Randall has
fine stock, and A. Williamson tells
what he knows about horse shoeing.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
VACCINATE.

1t has been said that more people
are frightened to death than die of dis
ease. A small pOx epidemic in healthy
st. JOhnsbury may be considered
among the impOssibilities by many, but
it would seem nothing more than COM
mon sense that the people of this COM
munity should take every precautiOn
to guard against the disease. The
small pox scourge has brought bnsi-
ness to a stand-still in Montreal and il
half the published stories of its ravages
there are true, the condition of the
people is sad indeed. Through the
negligence and carelessness of the Off
Gals the disease continues to spread
and. has already reached New Eng
land having broken out at Fall River
Mass, Manchester, n. H., and Other
places. Vaccination furnishes pro
lection that is tolerably sure and ne
eessitates a very slight ontlay of effort
time or money. Therefore vaccinate.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

Bella Hastings, the well known
drover, was injured in a slight collision
of cars at Canaan, n. H., Monday
night. At first it was thought leg
was broken, but it proved only a
anrnin
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
TELEPHONERs PROTEST AND OR
DER OUT THEIR INSTRUMENTS.

TELEPHONERS PROTEST AND OR
DER OUT THEIR INSTRUMENTS
Since the advance in telephone rates,
noticed last week, protest has beer
drawn up and circulated among the
village subscribers who represent the
20 telephones in use in this village. AS
fast as they were seen, with very few
exceptions, the subscribers said they
would rather do without the instru-
ments than pay the advance rates, and
very readily signed the paper that de-
clares that the signers, believing that
the rates already charged for tele-
phOnic service are eXOrbitant, "agree
and mutually promise each with and
discontinue our subscriptions" on and
after Oct. !, 'and will not resume the
same until the present rates are re-
stored, and, in addition thereto we are
allowed out of town service without
extra charge"
All of the village subscribers have
ing 80 ont of 20 telephones, were read
lily secured and five or six more are as
sured. BesidS this two ut Lyndonville
have signed the paper and one each at
East St. Jolnsbury and Passumpsic.
Many other towns in New England are
having Il similar experience with the
company. In some towns every in
strument has been ordered out. ST.
Johnsbury evidently means to fight it
out to the end and not only refuse to
submit to the advance but demand
what is granted the subscribers in
many other places, out of town service
without extra charge. If the other
towns in New England were as de-
tGmined not to submit to the extortiOn
of this monopoly the telephone COM
pany would soon see Il great light.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
musical instruments.
A NARROW ESCAPE.

As Mrs. ID. Q. Woodruff was eating
Il plum after dinner last Sunday she
remarked to some one in the room that
the plum had no stone. She had hard
~ said it, however, when the stone
lodged in her throat and could not be
started either up or down. Every eff
fort to relieve her proved unavailing
until physician arrived and forced
the stone down her throat. 1t was a
very narrow escape from death by
strangulation.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
THE COUNTY FAIR.

The Caledonia county fair comes
next week. The improvements on the
fair ground are about completed. Some
$1,000 has been laid out on the track
and the passage way under it,. About
60 feet has been added to the seats OPP
posite the grand stand, which will now
accommodate good sized crowd.
Between $500 and $1,000 has been
laid out on the improvements altogeth-
er. There have already been about
100 stock entries, mostly in this coun-
ty. Stock is expected from n distance
in our own state and some from Can
ada.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10

NEW ADS IN THIS PAPER.
st. JOhnsbury Clothing CO-Fall Bargains
II. j. Conant-Hardwarea and Stoves.
A. WilliamsOn--HOrse Shooting.
w. b. AndersOn-Dress Trimmings, etc.
+. N. Randall-Dry and Fancy Goods.
W. n. Randall & CO-Holstein Stock.
w. RaymOnd-VacatiOn Excursions.
c. NJ. Carpentsr-Eye Glasses.
Probate EOtice-Est. Submit Farrow
Probate Notice-Est. Solomon Humphrey.
Probate NOtice-Est. Geo. II. Senter.
j. II. Humphrey-Singing Glasses.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1885-09-10
TRUSTEES MEETING-THE POLICE
CHANGES, &C.

The trustees had their regular
monthly meeting last Friday evening.
Daniel f. GrOut was elected chief of
police in place of II. +. Randall, who
resigned to accept place in the Island
Pond custom house. Edward Goss
was appointed member of the police
force to take the place made vacanssy
the advancement of Mr.. GrOut. The
sidewalks, sewers, etc, of the village
came up for discussion. 1t was v9ed
To lay a brick sidewalk from the Bap-
list church on Railroad street to JO-
seph ClOutier's. Petitions were receiF-
ed for "A sidewalk from Paddock village
to the Catholic cemetery and also from
Mt Pleasant street down to meet the
walk on Cliff. 1t is doubtful if either
of these will be built this season, the
trustees have so much work in hand
The sewers are to be fixed up some
what, and foot sewer will be laid at
Paddock village from the river to
school street and six-inch sewer
from thence to the school house.
The trustees are doing excellent
work at the street crossings ia the vii
lage. In place of plank an 'l concrete
crossings the substantial granite slabs
are decided Improvement, and they
are likely to stay put for some time.