St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-05-16
MANURE.
some Specol.tions Relative to lts Mann.
facture and Use.

anectlng the future welfare of the farmer
Is the question of keeping up the fertility
OF the soil. If farming is SO conducted
that the farmer is continually exhaust.
ing his capital, the soil. bankruptcy can
only be a question of time. If the farm.
.ers should grow the ordinary rotation
OF crops. selling off the farm all the
fruits, vegetables, grass, straw and
gram grown, 1t is evident that, while
ne would be selling his products in their
cheapest, least valuable forms, he would
be reducing constantly the amount Of
food for crops in his soil, diminishing
its capacity for producing future crops.
The farmer who consumes on the farm
only what is necessary to feed his family
and such animals as are needed to work
the farm and supply the family with
such meat, milk, etc, as it needs, sell
ing the remainder, is reducing the farms
fertility little less rapid, but none the
less certainly. The farmer who works
enough stock to consume all the hay,
straw, corn. oats and barley, converting
all OF these products into beef, mutton,
wool. milk, pork, eggs. etc, and selling
them in such forms, generally receives
more money for his products and re-
talns larger percentage on the farm to
feed future crops, than by any other
disposition he can make of his farms
products.
There is still another way: The
farmer who converts his products into
w 4.
state only his wheat, potatoes, beans
and fruits. purchasing and feeding
enough meal. middlings. oil meal, etc,
to equal the plant food sold, and care
fully saves and judiciously applies the
manure to growing crops. may accumu-
late money and keep his principal, the
ingredients OF crops in his soil unim-
paired. After having done all of this
many farmers really increase the fer
tility of their soil, under crops, by a
judicious purchase and use of CONNER
cial fertilizers, some forms of nitrogen,
phosphoric acid and potash. When a
farmer is able to do all of this he is
successful farmer.
Next to the question of making all
the manure consistent with true econ
omy, it becomes question of hardly
less Importance how best to save and
use the manure. Forty or fifty years
ago, while the farmer understood some
thing of the value of the solid excre-
ments of animals. but little effort was
made to save the liquid excrements.
Since then chemistry has taught him
the value of the latter, and considerable
effort is made to save them by using
litter under the animals to absorb their
liquids, or by draining them into
cutters supplied with absorbents.
Doubtless few farmers make all neces-
sary efforts to save the urine voided by
their domestic animals, but progress
has been made in this direction.
But how shall the manure be saved
from loss through decomposition. evap-
Grafton, solution, ETC.? Forty years ago
much was said about composing ma
nures, mixing them with absorbents. so
that decomposition would be slow, and
the volatile parts, the ammonia espec-
ially, would be taken up by the absorb
ents. Practical farmers found that this
involved too much labor, handling over
the manure and absorbents too many
times. Finally, practical farmers con-
ceived the idea of conserving manure
by applying it to the soil as fast as
made, and allowing the soil to act as an
absorbent The greater bulk of the ma
nure made on the farm is when the an
finals are up from pasture. from the first
of November to the first of May, and
large proportion of farmers apply this
manure to sod land for corn. COnsid-
cradle experience has satisfied them
that if this manure is drawn out daily
or weekly. and spread upon the sod.
more beneficial effects will be visible in
the next seasons crop of corn than by
keeping it in the barn yard and apply
ing it in the spring. We have been
assured by farmers that have COM
menced in November drawing out and
spreading their manure on sod, contin-
;uing it up to the time of ploughing for
corn in May, that the best corn in the
field was where the first manure was
applied and the corn diminished gradu-
,aily to the last application before
ploughing. The manure can gain
nothing in plant-food by lying in q pile
in the barn-yard or under shed or in
q barn-cellar, and it must inevitably
lose something"
Will it not waste more where spread
out upon a sod? Experience says not.
The small proportion of ammonia re-
leased by slow decomposition is prob
ably absorbed by the moisture present
and gradually washed into the soil, and
the soluble portions are also washed in.
Then the effect of the manure as mulch
is beneficial. Scientists have not salts
factorily explained the good effects Of
mulch, summer and winter, upon soil.
but experience has borne witness to it.
For gardening operations OF many
kinds it seems quite important that
stable manure should be rotted down
fine, but for ordinary farming purposes
It is seldom necessary. Weil-rotted
manure undoubtedly costs several times
more than crude manure, and the ex-
ira cost is only returned where the
products are much more valuable than
ordinary farm crops.
The manure made through summer
appears to be used to best advantage as
4 TOP dressing for wheat. 1t is gen.
orally applied after ploughing and har-
rowed in. Perhaps. if applied upon the
surface Just before drilling, it would be
quite as beneficial. if it would not in
terfere with the drilling. Commercial
I,,ov, fo,,nd