davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
WATER.
One of the Laws Upon Which Agricultural
Practice is Founded.

One OF the Laws Upon Which Agricultural
Practice is Founded.
Water is the universal solvent. Moth
ing in existence a resist its soluble ac-
ten. And oxygen is the great reducing
agent by which matter may be rem
dered easily soluble in water. Water
and oxygen are everywhere; the atmos-
phere is never so dry but it contains
watery varor or wafer in solution, and
in every 100 parts OF it there arc nearly
p parts Of oxygen. The effect of
water and oNygc" may be familiarly il
Illustrated by the example of Il piece of
iron that is exposed to the airundcr or
binary circumstances. AS the air is
moist, the water and oxygen together
cause the iron to rust, the rust being
an OXIDE or Il combination Of the oxy-
gen with the iron. In time the iron
will have been completely rusted away
or changed into oxide Of iron, which
may be dissolved in water and carried
away; SO that the whole substance of
the iron may be removed. Had the
air been perfectly dry the iron would
have been unaffected, for nearly all
chemical action, and especially that of
oxidation, takes place only in the pres
ence OF moisture. 1t is therefore neces-
sary, before arr change or improve
ment a take place in the soil that it
should be opened by culture to the in
fluences of the atmosphere and OF
moisture; for it is II of the laws upon
which agricultural practice is founded
that the mechanical condition of the
soil is an important element OF it's fer
tility.-N. Y. Times.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
BEAUTY SPOTS.
How Girls Made Themselves Look Pretty
Two Hundred Years Ago.

Two Hundred Years Ago.
By this name We're designated certain
black patches which were placed upon
their features blythe bellies of the seven
teenth century and early in the eigh-
teenth. Usually a black patch of court
plaster was cut out and stuck on any
portion of the countcnance, either to
hide a blemish, to divert attention from
certain details considered Objectionable,
or to fix the eye upon some point which
the wearer wished to be particularly
noticed. 1t was regarded as a foolish
custom and was never an acceptable
fashion. Most writers on dress and
manners have more OF less to say about
the patch or beautyspot, and, Of course,
illusions to it are frequent in the o
OF the poets, dramatists, satirists and
moralists. From all these an enter
tanning collection could be made of
passages bearing upon that subject,
and perhaps the following specimens
may not De useless. The four first Will
be foundin CDR. Johnson's Dictionary"
and the remainder are from a variety
OF sources, which have been carefully
indicated. =
The poet Cleaveland says:
@Then Madam nature wears black patches.
too"
Sir John Sucking writes:
eff to every common fpneral
By yonr eyes martyred, such grace were al.
Your face would wear, not patches, but .
Pope makes n Of his ladies say:
'This the morning omens seem to tell.
Thrice trolD my trembling hand the patch
box fell" ~
The patch box was almost like a snuff
box and often had a small mirror inside
the lid for use when alterations or ad-
ditions We're required, anu so forth.
Addison, when speaking of certain
lady partisans, says: ..Ihey patched
differently, and cast hostile glances
upon one another, and their patches
were placed in different situations as
party signals to distinguish friend,
from foes" DR.. Brewer, in his ''Dic-
tionary OF Phrase and Fable" tells
US that "the wing bolles wore patches
OF court plaster on the right, and the
tories on the left side OF their face or
foreheaL :"
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02

this valuable fur, some Of the costli.
est wraps of the year being made OF
black velvet in the shape OF the Rus
sian circular, and lined throughout
With Russian sable. The mink trim
mines are also very elective on cloth
and other wool garments, especially
when the material is brown, as it is
doubtless the fancy for golden brown
that has revived tho Use OF these furs.
The rare sea-otterNis n OF the fash
ionablc brown furs. but the brown
trimming in most general use is nat
uSal beaver, and the plucked beavers.
some of which are only partly plucSed.
and also the colored brown beavers
Huryc9'S Bugar.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
Ordinary writer's upon the subject

Ordinary writers upon the subject
follow one another SO closely that a
quotation from q book which is now
but little known may furnish an agree
able variation. Mrs. Hannah Woolley
has a long TRADE against patches in
The Gentlewoman's Companions; or,
q Guide to the Female Sex a third
edition of which appeared in London
in 1862. The whole Of the passage can
not be given here, so l content myself
with citing the essential portions Of it.
Mrs. Woolley says: 81 know not how
to excuse the vain custom, now so
much in fashion, to deform the face
with black patches under a p~retcnse to
make it appear more beautiful. 1t is
a riddle to me that a blemish should
appear a grace, a deformity be es-
teemed q beauty. l I'm confident
We're any of them born with those
half-moons, stars, coach horses and
such like trumpcry by which a lady
becomes a stranger to herself as well as
others, she would give more money to
be freed from them than a seven
years costly expense in following the
fashion would amount to-" And
again: II can not imagine whence our
ladies borrowed that monstrous and
prodigious custom of patching their
faces; if they did borrow it from
the French, they will do ill
to initiate such who, it may be,
made use of the fashion out
OF pure necessity and not novelty"
She goes on to suggest pimples, and so
forth, and then proceeds: .'By the i'm
pertinent pains of this face-spoiling
member the exchanges Gor now we have
three great arsenals of choice varicties).
are furnished with q daily supply and
variety of beauty spots," "and these
patches are cut out into little moons,
suns, stars, castles, birds, beasts, and
fishes of all sorts, SO that their faces
may properly be termed a landscape Of
living creatures. The vanity and pride
of these gentlewomen hath in a manner
distracted Noah's ark, and expressed a
compendium of the creation in their
front and cheeks" The notion of .
daily supply is amusing, and, as re-
CARDS the patterns, it is evident that no
pains were spared to diversity and null
tiply them.
Many other writer's could be quoted,
Dut o the most part they add little to
the information afforded by Mrs.
Woolley, so far as the ladies are con-
cerned. Swift refers to this custom:
" begged her but to patch her face,
She never hit one proper place."
According to Addison, wherever
you place a patch you destroy a
beauty" Buffers allusion in his Hudi-
bras is well known:
"Black patches that she wears,
Cut into suns and moons and stars.''
That patches were not unknown to
Shakespeare, for gentlemen at least, is
evident from his words in "All's Well'
CIV, 81, where the clown says: "Oh,
madam, yonder's my lord, your son,
with q patch of velvet on's face; whether
there be a scar under it or no the velvet
knows, but tits u goodly patch of vel
-yet."-N. Y. Herald.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
GENERAL.

Georgia is expecting a large i'm
migration n%eAtspring from England and
Canada.
Men arc too apt to Judge of things
solely by events, and onnect wisdom
with good fortune and folly with disas-
ter.-M O. Ncws.
The tune of John Browns Body''
IS OF Methodist camp-meeting origin.
1t was adapted to its present use by an
organist in Harvard Church in 1S61.-
N. Y. Herald.
-Twenty-four years AGO the United
States a in them only 3d. 900, 900 peo-
pie. Now we are grown to over o.
100000. In 1860 we only had III cities
OF over 5000 inhabitants, now there
are over 500 such cities. The total
population OF this class of cities was
100000 0 now it is over ii, 600, OOO.-
GsSocyo Herald.
Here is a lovely incident: Fifteen
years ago Sir Moses M%otcfiore. then
eighty-tive years old, was walking in a
little garden in Ramsgate, on the coast
OF England. Near a noble tomb was
one filled grave and an empty one. A
~SPNIliCu lllul ASKED,
"Why this empty grave:?" THAT is for
me, replied the philanthropist; lin
the other lies my wife. Her soul is
with me still, as she was with me in
life. She was my guiding-star, and
now looks down upon me-
"A letter has been received at tho
CaU office which relates the interesting
fact That Clay Belmont Clarke, infant
SOY of Fred w. and Mabel A. Clarke,
exists under the happy and unusual
good fortune OF being the grandson of
seven women, or, as the entertaining
communication terscly puts it, the in.
FAINT has seven grandmothcrs. This.
indeed, is a matter of peculiar domestic
and genealogical interest. The infant
who is thus plurally blessed has 1--WE
great-great-grandmothers. three great,
grandmothers and two plain, Simple
grandmothers. Six of these %sinpularlv
fortunate grandparents live in this city
and tho seventh lives in Cambridnt
Aass.~-Sdn francisco Call.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
FUR GARMENTS.

Az about I'ichus AID pclcrines, Mufs and
Collars, with u Word about Brown
S'uDsS.
The novelty in small seal capes is
called q tichu, .andsconsists of ascarf
mantle that merely reaches to the waist
Zine behind, and las half-long pointed
fronts. 1t is edged with scal-skin
fringe, and has a high standing collar
fastened by a %fanciful clasp, The new
seal pc!crines SO popular with young
ladies', to give needed warmth over
closely fitted velvet or cloth rcdingotes
or sacIues, are now made with the
high-shouldered effects, and are Of even
length all around, barely escaping the
waist line. These are by all means
confined to seal-skin, but are especially
liked in otter and beaver to match
trimmings on fur garments. Mink
pelerines are also in fashion, and are
especially valuable when made of the
dark tails of the animal. Russian sable
pelerines OF great beauty are shown
made of tails entirely, and costing
-sG5o, though others Of lighter sable are
sold tor $500. The general choice in
these capcs is for seal, beaver. Astra-
khan, or mink, and in these inexpensive
turs they cost from $50 upward. and
afford great comfort, as they cover adj
Xnirab]y the delicate chest and shout
der-bladcs. and are of very light
weight.
Mutls are sold to match the capes
.r1sS described, and when made round
are not larger than those of last year.
Elat mutis are now commended, and
age slightly curved to hold the hands
nicely. Sometimes these have
CLOSE short fur in Che back.
with a different long fleece
III all the part seen in front, thus the
front will be silver-fox, and the back of
seal-skin, Or else a chinchilla muf' will
flavc merely q silk back. The long
chasuble and scam-like collars remain
ia vogue, and with q mun' complete the
set si Sl1r; but it is now more usual to
t*iin the outer garment with fur around
She neck. There are. however, pretty
uugic collars of fur with square lappets
in front made Of natural beaver, and
costing only 81 or So; seal-skin, krim-
iner, coon, leopard, and the black
Persian lamb are also used for these
small collars, for the large collarettes,
ioT echarpeB or scarfs. and the long
,chasubles; among black fuYs those of
Che Russian hare are chosen for mex
e2ensiveness, of the monkey-sk1n for cd
Persian lamb for those wearing
mourning, and OF the luxurious black
fox for richness. Satchcl muffs that
are useful shopping bags with a handle
ar: shown in seal, otter, and Astrakhan
rfnrs.
From what has already been said
st will be seen that brown furs are
again in favor. and those who
;have taken care of their royal sables
and useful mink now find their re-
ward. The pelerine cape and mutr
of Russian sable is one of the luXuries
of the winter, and those who can af-
Sord it delight i'll wide borders of
liable. and even in a lining Of
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
QUEER, BUT GOOD.
How n North Carolina Justice of the Peace
Decided q Case.

HOW a north carolina Justice OF the Peace
Decided q Case.
Senator Vance claims that the people
of North Carolina are the most law
abiding people i'll the world, and to
prove it tells of a newly appointed
Justice of the Peace who on a public
occasion, when a fight was about to
commence, commanded the peace, and
preserved it by rushing between two
combatants, drawing a knife a foot in
length, and threatening instant death
to the man that should Violate the pub.
lie peace.
l know (writcs a correspondent OF
an incident which illustrates admirably
the love Of justice which animates our
excellent body of magistrates, as well
as their ingenuity in threading the
mazes of the law, and ARRIVING at its
true meaning and intent.
A newly appointed j. P. ill one of our
eastern counties was trying a civil case
of much difficulty, in which the law
appeared to be involved in consider
able doubt. On one side was LAWYER
b ontending that the law was dead
in favor OF his client; on the other
was Lawyer H, who was equally as
positive that the law was clearly on, the
other side. The Court was in great
doubt for a time, but a lucky idea oc-
CURED to its mind. "Gentlemen," said
the Court, ''the facts in this case are
well ascertained, but the law seems to
be doubtful. The attorneys on each
size have stated what the law is. but
they do not agree. The Court decides
that as the facts are established by the
oaths Of W'lncsses, the law must be es-
tablished IN like munnc2. The Court
requires each attorney to wear that
the law is what he has asserted it 10
be-
One of the attorneys took the re-
quired oath without hesitation. The
other demurred, and lost his case.
Our e j. 2. declares that he has
discovered a plan Of getting at the
truth OF the law never thought of by
Coke or Blackstone.-AarpaS's Mage.
zine.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
EARLY PRINTING.
Tho cart Prcservative'' known in China
and Japan Many Centuries Ago. .

Tho cart Prcserv.tive' Known in China
and Japan Many Centuries Ago.
The art Of printing IN wooden blocks
dent of some one desiring u facsimile of
an inscription on a stone monument, in
the first instance, by the process of rub
bling with coloring matter over the
paper, and subsequently by covering
the stone with Indian ink, placing the
paper against it, and rubbing. In 175
A. d., the text of the Chinese classics
was cut on tablets, and Of these impress
sions We're taken, some of which are
said to be still in existence. Printing
from wooden blocks seems to be no
older than the end of the sixth century.
1t was not until the tenth century that
printed books became The
use of movable type was said to date in
China S:om the eleventh century. Nova
BILE copper type was used in Korea at
the beginning of the fifteenth century,
and even earlier; indeed, one book so
printed appeared to date from the
years 1917 and 1924. And ever if it
We're, after all, not so old as it seemed
to be, there were others dating unques-
tionably anterior to the invention of
printing by movable types in Europe.
Tho invention reached Japan from 10
rea, and there was a distinct mention
OF Korean types produced by casting
and molding about 1920 A. d. In
Japan the earliest example of block
printing dates from the middle of the
eighth century. Before that, stone in
scriptions and engraved seals were in
use. The early japanese prints were
chiefly reproductions of Chinese. The
first really National work printed in
Japan was the '~'Ni-hon-gi," at the en1
OF the sixteenth century. Printed slips,
apparently printed from cast copper
or bronzod blocks, containing q
Dharan, out of the Buddhist Scripture,
We're distributed to the number of one
million in 764-77O. The earliest
japanese printed books were of
a considerably later date.
OF those known, the Oldest
was printed about 1900. Printing re-
ceived a great impulse from the expe-
dltions OF H~ideyoshi against Korea,
when a number Of books were brought
back by the v%ictors, and the Japanese
learned what had been achieved bv a
people whom they had considered vast
~ their interiors. Among these were
some books printed with movable type,
which seems to have found Immediate
1avor with the Japanese, for nearly all
the books OF the next thirty or forty
years We're printed with movable type.
Although illustrated books we're OK
tremely common in more recent
Japanese literature, the earliest known
bore the date 1910. Previous to this
there We're wood cuts on a large scale
representing the popular gods, and to
some OF these a very great ace was at
tributed. One was dated 1917, and an.
other was engraved by Nichiren, who
died l2S2-London AMennum..
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
o
The Origin of the Name of the Great State
of the Pacific Coast.

The Origin of the Name of the Great State
of the Pacific Coast.
What California means no one has
been able to definitely settle, but it is
generally accepted that the name was
first used in a Spanish novelette, entitled
''Las Lergas de Esplandian," published
in 1910, and was there applied to an
island ION the right hand Of the Indies,
near the Terrestrial Paradise Calls
toga has been tortured by some local
philogists into meaning cap and gown,
but Bancroft asserts that Sam Bran
nan 'made up" the name by taking the
two front syllables of California and the
two last of Saratoga, joining them, to-
getller and adding a central .'s'' for the
sake OF euphony. Calaveras is said by
some to ear the ''true skull' and by
John S. Hittell, who has devoted much
attention to the Typographical names of
California, to mean simply skulls.
Since c%alavera is the Spanish for skull,
Mr.. Hittel has the balance OF reason on
his side, supposition strengthened by
the legend extant-that the Spaniards
discovered an old Indian battlefield in
that county. 1t is quite probable, how
ever, that the place was named from a
more devout reason and that some
pious friar named the place in sacred
memory of Calvary. The origin of the
name Lodi is quite obscure, although it
isvery near to lodo,. the Spanishfor mud.
lone wa probably named SO by some
poetical admirer Of the Nereid, though it
would puzzle mi to find out where in
the world he drew his inspiration.
Boca is the Spanish for mouth, but
why the little mountain town should
SO be called is not clear, notwith-
standing the ingenious explanation
Of some German that it has been
called Boca because the mouth is the
best place for its brew. Unfortunate
ly for this theory, Boca was called
Boca long before the brewery was
established there. The chances are
that some Typographical popularity
is responsible for the name, Boca also
meaning a hole or an entrance. Moro
and Bolinas, the one meaning pebble,
and the other lowliness, are both puz-
Zles' unless m Is content to accept
them as being named after people.
. II 1Al1l1o NuCfO was, very PROBABLY,
named so because it was discovered on
the first of a new year, and Sonora,
it is generally accepted, was so called
because the first residents of the
place were miners who came from
Sonora, Mexico. The wild and reck-
less burg of Milpitas was perhaps
called so because there grew in its
neishborhood mil pitas," a Thousand
%aloes;, but Visalia bothers all attempts
at explanation. Paradise means paradise
and was often bestowed by the Span
iards upon any place they Thought
'~'heavenly." The correctness With
which the old Spanish names have
generally been retained is remarka-
BILE. The worst modern fault has
been that of chopping off the articles,
while Los Gatos and the Farallones are
about the worst examples of mis-spell-
ing. The first should be Las Gatas,
meaning the eats, and the second
should be Farrellonos, meaning cliffs
IN the sea.-Sam francisco Chronicle.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02
GOSSIP.

n Paris chircpodist says seventy
tive per cent. of the French people have
dGformcd feet.
The new railway station at Bir-
sningham, England, cost nearly S2.0OO,-
COS, and is the largest in tho world.
Tho poor authorities of Paris ask
for IS, coo, 900 for the coming year.
They say they will be compelled to give
assistance to 400, 600 people.
The bread o baked at Naples is
Of precisely the same shape as the
,oaves found at pompeii that were put
in the oven 1000 Years ago.
For q vacant situation in one OF the
Partisan banks-a place worth about
$3.50 a vear-there have been, it is said,
40 fewer than 5000 applications.
In an address recently delivered
Professor Tyndall says that a high Ger
man authority told him that the cry OF
German soldiers i'll entering u battle
during 1S-O-71 was not eve must con-
quer," but eve must do our duty
An umbrella loan society has been
organized in Berlin. Offices will soon
Oe opened in various parts OF the city,
where members OF the society, ''for a
moderate deposit and q triiling fee,'
may procure an umbrella at any time.
"A tunnel 5000 feet in length has
been discovered on the Island OF Samos.
1t was constructed about nine centuries
before the Christian era, and Herodo-
tus says it served the purpose OF pro
viding the old seaport with drinking
water.
That must have been an interesting
scene in Fleet Street, London, not long
ago, when a man, having or
eight wheelbarrows loaded with copies
OF Dickens "Sketches," sold them
,sal,idly for a pennyeac to the passers-
by, who crowded about him.
I'm Paris is beingcstablished a fund
20 provide pensions for physicians when
they reach the age of sixty. By paying
Ga small yearly subscription physi-
clans entitle themselves to an annual
allowance of 1900 francs on reaching
that age. The wives Of physicians may
aIso participate in the benefits of the
society.
"A committee has been formed at
Lucernc with a view OF erecting what
Is called a universal column" 1t is
10 measure 800 feet in height, and is to
contain in it's interior relief portraits of
all the celebrated men and women of
Chs present era on bronze tablets. An
other project of the committee is the
building of a "museum of the nine
<eenth century," to be dedicated to art.
science. inventions, commerce and in
Hustry, and to contain the busts and
statues of all distinguished persons of
these domains. The cost is estimated
at 1000, 600 to 5000, 600 francs, and is
20 be met by subscription, lotteries,
etc.
1t liz etated by an English paper
that General Arantschejef, the con-
idcntial adviser of the Russian En-
pcror Alexander L.. deposited fifty
years ago, in the Imperial Bank Of
Russia, fifty thousand roubles, which
were to be allowed to accumulate in in
Gerest until 1925, when the entire sum,
less onc-tifth for the cost Of publication,
should be awarded to the author who
should write the best work on the life
and reign OF Alexander, the award to
be made by the St. Petersburg Acad-
enaE of Sciences. The prize will be
abont 81. 200. 600.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02

An Ohio farmer shut a hog into a
hole in his havstack by mistake, and
just thirty-three days later the hog came
out On the other side, eighty bounds
lighter and world wiser.-Cysvc1eg1
Leudcr.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1885-01-02

the immense quantities of leaves
Whlch tau on the tracked the Maryland
central Railroad often seriously delay
the trains.