Lancaster daily intelligencer. [volume] (Lancaster, Pa.) 1864-1928, 1885-08-27
HINTS FoR TEE FARMER.

Some Remarks on the Cooling Of Cellars-Pro-
vidipg shelter in Pastures-How to
Break Young Horse.
From the American Agrtcuturist.
A great mistake Is sometimes made IN ven-
tilating cellars and milk houses. The object
OF ventilation is to keep the cellars cool and
dry, but this object often fails or being ac-
complished by common mistake and In
stead the cellar is made both warm and damp
cool place should never be ventilated, un-
less the air admitted is cooler than the air
within, or at least as cool as that, or a very
little warmer The warmer the air the more
moisture it holds in suspension. Necessarily,
the cooler the air the more this moisture is
condensed and precipitated. When cool
cellar is aired on a warm day, the entering
air being In motion appears cool but as it
fills the cellar, the cooler arr with which IL
becomes mixed chills II, the moisture
becomes condensed, and dew is deposited
on the cold walls, and may often be seen
running down them in streams. Then
the cellar is damp and soon becomes mouldy.
To avoid this the windows should only be
opened late at night-the last thing before re-
firing. There il no need to fear that the night
air Is unhealthful it is as pure as the air of
midday, and is really drier The cool air en-
ters the apartment during the night and cir
culates through it. The window should be
closed before sunrise in the morning and kept
Of cellar is damp it may be thoroughly
dried by placing in 1t peck OF fresh lime in
an open box. A peck of lime will absorb
about seven pounds, or more than three
quarts of water, and in this way cellar or
milk room may soon be dried, even in the
hottest weather. A bushel of lime absOrbs
twenty-seven pounds of water. and still APP
pears as dry powder. In this condition ii
or lawn, or around fruit trees, or it may be
used for whitewash. This precaution is often
necessary in the dairy because Of the prev
alerce where the air is damp, of mildews
and the various forms of mould. The
orange and red kinds OF mould especially,
which sometimes form upon the cream, have
most injurious effect upon the butter.
Shelter In Pastures.
From the Germantown Telegraph,
In some sections of the country pastures
are supplied with shade trees that serve as
shelter from the rays Of a scorching sun and
a partial shelter from the pelting of the
merciless storm. When this natural provision
does not exist some sort Of shelter should be
provided temporarily. THIS may be accom-
plished by erecting one or two sheds without
any siding--a simple roof that while afford
ing shelter also admits free circulation Of
air. This of course for early spring or late
fall shelter when storms prevail would not
be as suitable as an enclosed structure.
When pastures are so situated as to have no
open connection with tho barnyard or farm
buildings to which the cattle can go for
shelter from storms 1t would be well to erect
shed with large doors that may be thrown
open In hot weather or kept closed for stormy
weather. A structure of this kind need
not be expensive nor SO elaborate in
2 construction but that any farmer OF average
capacity could erect 1t alone. The roof might
be made or boards and replaced when worn
or too badly warped. All tho lumber that
need be required would be two sills of tho
length Of the building required, six by six
rpnI.n Nxa-0 nf Md xxsstI
the width Of the structure; tour or six posts
of the same dimensions, six feet long, (as the
shelter need not be high), two plates and two
cross beams, Sor three II the length requires
that the middle be tied) four by six inches
ridge pole of the length OF the building;
two pieces four by four inches to serve as
purlin plates, with which to form the roof Of
boards, putting them on up and down, and
support ridge pole and purlins, and studding
for the doors Tho sills may be halved to-
gether, also the plates and ross-beams, and
the posts cut square and spiked. Such
structure twelve by twenty feet would re-
quire about 600 feet of timber and 1,0OO feet
OF boards and few pounds Of nails. Is
there farmer who is unwilling to do so
little for the comfort Of his animals?
Breaking Young Horse.
A well.broken horse, says the breeders
Journal, is moro preferable to use in break
ing a young horse, and long drives in
wagon will organize colt quicker and bet
ter than anything else. For our own use, we
much prefer to break colts at first with
biting zig. This gives them better mouth
and O more wholesome respect for the bit
than any other method. Two weeks of the
the biting bride, three hours day, with
the colt turned out by himself in q safe lot
and good fence, is worth many dollars to a
horse in after life. Never tie a colt or an old
horse with an old or insecure halter; for il
the colt never knows that he can break his