New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1885-12-06
GENERAL LOGAN'S BOOK.
THE GREAT CONSPIRACY.
ITS ORIGIN AND HIsToRY-sCOPE AND CHARACTER
OF THE WORK AND EXTRACTS FROM THE OPEN

OF THE WORK AND EXTRACTS FROM THE OPEN
ING CHAPTERS.
Through the courtesy of the publishers, A. r. Hart
Co.. THE TRIBUNE is enabled to furnish Its readers
with extracts from the initial chapters OF General
Loran's forthcoming book which is to be published by
subscription and will be ready for delivery early in
the spring
The book opens with cursOry view of the institution
of African slavery it existed in the Southern states
pror to the Revolution which sheld primarily respon-
sibe for the evils that followed in its train, although
It's protection and preservation but one Of several
pretexs subsequently put forward by its champions IN
Qualification of their conspiracy to overthrow the
Government Indeed, most of the leaders OF the
American Revolution, in The South as well as the
North are shown have been opposed TO sla ery on
moral "a well a. on economical grounds, and Thomas
Jefferson In his original draft of the Declaration OF
independence proposed to insert clause setting forth
among the indictments against King George I'LL that
he was determined 10 keep or market where men
should be bought and sold and had resisted every
legislative attempt to prohibit restrain this
execrable traffic Objection made however, and
the clause was omittr1 for even at that early period
slavery had it4 adv coates, though they were few IN
number After TIE Revolution the prevailing senti-
ment South "a well as North, continued to be anti
slavery and it was 50 strong in the convention that
framed the Constitution that tho VOID q" slave " was
not permitted to have place in the fundamental law of
the Republic.
1t was not until after the invention of the cotton gin
which greatly enhanced the profit of slave labor. that
a radical change in Southern sentiment began to man
ie.t it7ef and slavery became popular as well as
profitable No soonc had this change become appar-
cnt than the agitation of the elavery question In It's
moral bearings began between the free and slave
State. one side iu,tying it and camoring for its
] nal anIgo Ittrht n
il, restriction and ultimate extinction. 1t was az this
period or perhaps carrier, that the nucleus began to
be formed Of a conspiracy to overthrow the popular
government 50 recently founded by the Fathers OF the
Keoubic and to establish in lieu thereof government
NOR, in harmony with the Institution of slavery which
wa, gradually becoming the dominant power in the
Southern States. From this time forward every pre-
text was eagerly seized hold of by the consplrators to
foneut d,,,rd AMI breed discomfort in the Southern
mind with the Union that bound them to the North.
The doctrine Of state rights began TO be mooted nuil
hcatiln Of tho laws OF Congress suggested as .
legitimate remedy aud. in process CT time secession
was advocated "a constitutional right But the hrsl
DretoNt seized upon the enactment by Congress OF
a protective tariff. which WAS first demanded by the
South a., being in the interest Of slavery. but which,
soon q, seen to oTcrae III the interest OF free
labor lost il charm Tor the shareholders aud was made
/ to give way to a demand for tree trade.
The second chapter Of General Loglns book is de
voted entirely To the tariff legislation OF that period
and is exec ediuglg interesting showing the opinions
OF the founders of the Republic the consttutiona,
and cApedency Of protective tariffs. and the nconsls
ENJOY of the slave power which first demanded such
legislation and aitcrward made use OF it rs preteX
for threats OF nuhhcation secession and rebellion
We quote
We have seen that the first Federal Congress met at
Ncw-lork in March. 11S9. IL organized April T.
None knew better than its members that the war oi the
American Revolution chiefly srew out OF the efforts OF
Great Britain 10 cripple and destroy our colonial
industries To- the benefit of the British trader and thai
the Independence conquered WAS an industrial ~ wei
a.. polite independence and none knew better thau
they thai the failure of the suhseqle political Goa
federation of states due mainly 20 its failure t.
encouragr and protect the bud ling domestic manufact
ufe. o those states Hence they FASTENED, under the
leadership If James Madison, TO pass An Act laying
"A duty on goods and merchandise imported into
the United states" with "A preamble declaring il To bt
Nece sary the discharge of the debt Of the United
Stacs and the encourage cement and protection oi manu-
factures'
1t was approved by President Washington July 4
! lT59-a significant date and levied ml ous both spe
cHo ard ad yalort IL not only our Hrst tarIt
act bui. next to that prescribing the oath used Il
organizing the Government, the first net of the frs
Federal Congress; and was passed In pursuance a
the declaration of President Washington IN his hrs
message that the safety and interest of the people
required it. Under the Inspiration of Alexal der Ham
ilton the tariff of 1890 enacted at the sec1nC
session of the Congress. confirming the previous
aud increasing of the protective duties there
by imposed. An analysis of the vote in the liousS o
Representatives tins tariff bill discloses the fac
that of the 80 votes Tor IT. II were from the Souher'
States, l" from the Mid lie States. and . from New
England States while of the l3 votes against il,
were from New-Engand States, from SoItherl
, States and 1 from Middle States In other words
while the southern States for the bill in the pro
portion of 81 10 g. and the Middle States by ID to
New Eng land was against ii by . to u.
1t will thus be seen-s ingulariy enough in view o
SUBSEQUENT eycntS-thdt we not only owe our frs
steps in Protective Tariff legislation to the almost SOLE
Southern vote but that II was thus secured for us de
! spite the opposition of New England. Nor did on
indebtedness to southern statesmen ana Southern
votes for the institution OF the now uly esabiShe
An ericau system of protection cease here. shall
presently see.
At the close of that war of 1S12-15l the traders o
Great Britain determined. even temporary loss +
themselves. to glut our market with their goods
thus break down forever "a they hoped, our infan
manufactures heir purpose and object were bold
announced in the House of Commons 10y MIR. Brougham
, when he sad: " II is worth while 10 incur "A loss upol
the first Importation, In order by the gOt to stio il
the cradle those rising manufactures in the Unite,
States which the had forced into existence con
trary to the natural course of things" Against thi
threatened ruin, our manufacturers all over the Unite,
Sates-the sugar planters of Louisiana among them
o!amored for protection, and Congress at once re
sponded with the Tariff Act of 1916.
, This act greatly extended and increased specif
duties diminished the application OF the al val
principle to foreign imports. 1t has been wei
described as the practical foundation of the Amer
icau policy Of encouragement OF home manufactures
/ tho practical establishment of the great industrial
= system upon which rests our present National wealth
and the power and the prosperity and happiness o
/ our Whole people" While Henry Clay of Kcntuck
: William LOnndes, of South Carolina and Henry 81
George Tucker of Virginia. supported the bill mos
effectively, no man abored harder and did NOR
effective servce in securing its passage than John
Calhoun of South Carolina. The contention thei
part not for mere incidental protection muc
less tariff for revenue only but for protection
In its broadcast sense and especially the protection
their cotton manufactures Indeed, CalhOuns defenc
q Of protection from the assaults of those from New
England and elsewhere who assailed IL on the nnrroy
ground that It nimical TO commerce and naviga
ton, was notable one. In his opinion the lbert
and union of the country inseparably united au
the destruction OF the latter would most certain
i involve ths former, so Its maintenance would vii
equal certainty preserve it,, aud he uttered an I'm
pressive warning 10 the Nation of new ana terribl
danger " (which threatened 1t. to w.t. disnnon.