davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
State National Bank.

MEMPHIS, TKNB., July Q, 1855.
fTNHE Board of Directors, from the net earnings
L of the past six months, have declared diyi.
dend of FIVE 90 PER CENT, PAYABLE on de-
mand. N. S. nUCKINGHAM Cashier
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

WASHINGTON, July 2S.-Gen. Hazen,
Chief Signal Officer, will sail for Europe
on Thursday, TO be absent until Oc-
tober.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

TIE Mormons are really making an hon
est effort to find homes in Mexico. They
can't stand the pressure of the gentiles.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
HATS!
LESS THAN NEW YORK COST

OWING to heavy competition, the stringency
" of the money market. lateness of season and
all Summer Hats. Hats all marked down.
Seeing is believing. Come up now, you Hatless,
and get Hat at your own price.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

WASHINGTON, July 2S.-Msj. A. Nj.
MillNr, in charge of improvements on
weston rivers, has made his annual re-
port to the chief of engineers. In the
Mississippi river 1862 snsgs were re-
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

NASHVILLE, July 2S.-The Nashvilles
defeated the Atlantas to-day, winning
three of the series of four games. Score;
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
Games Yesterday.
I InIsr ~ fhfnnrc

BosToN,i July zs.-Chicago, g; BOa-
ton,7
BALTIMORE, July 28.-Athletics, 2
Baltimore, /.
LOUISVILLE, July 2S.-Louisville, 3;
Cincinnati, l,
PRoyIpENoE, July 2S.-Providence,
IL; Buffalo, s.
PHILADELPHIA, July 2S.-St. Louis,
6; Philadelphia, 3.
New YORK, July 2S.-Detroit, II:
New York, 6, Brooklyn, s; Metropoli,
tans, l,
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
The CatfIeEaen Denied Time 10 MeS e
their Herds.

WASHINGTON, July 2S.-After the
Cabinet meeting to-day the Secretary of
the Interior sent the following telegram,
declining to extend the time within
which cattle must be removed from the
Cheyenne and Arapahoe Indian reser-
, vaslon;
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

SARATOGA, July 2S.-The attendance
at the races to-day was large, the weather
good and the track fast.
First Rdce.-For maiden three year
olds, three-quarters OF mile. Starters !.
Kenta, Ernest, Guydette, Tontine and
Spaulding. Ernest won by short head;
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

THE Supreme Court Of the United States
is to be asked to decide on the constitu-
tionality of the civil service law.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

LONDON, July 2S.-The race for plate
valued at $40 sovereigns was run to-day,
and was won by Baron de Rothchild' s
four year old bay colt Loveret, with Mr..
II. Craig's formerly j. B. Kurnes) FIVE
year-old chestnut horse, Blue Grass, sec.
ond, and the Duke of Beaufort's three
year old bay colt Pellegrini, third
There were four starters. The distance
was two miles and half The race fol
the Goodwood stakes, which was to have
been contested to-day, was not run, a;
the number of horses remaining in after
the declaration of forfeit did not reach
ten. as the conditions required.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
The Cleveland Sumaer Trotttug Meet

CLEVELAND, o., July 2S.-There was
good attendance, fine weather and
splendid track for the opening day of the
summer summer meeting OF the ~ SleSeland la Driv-
not finished on account of darkness.
The events were without special interest.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

IT is now stated in New York that John
Kelly will take to journalism so soon as
his health permits.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
TIE APPOINTEES

Samuel Flower, who succeeds Mr..
Herwig as assistant treasurer at New
Orleans, is a lawyer of high standing,
and was urged for the place by almost
the entire State Congressional delega-
ton. He served in the Confederate army
during the war, and rose to the rank of
captain. He is a cousin Of Representa-
tive II. p Flower, of New York.
Anthony Eckhoff, the new Fifth Au-
ditor of the Treasury, is a well known
German Democrat of New York City,
but he has rot allied himself with any OF
the different branches Of the Democratic
party in the State. He is one of the
editors of the Nei0 Yorker Stadis Zeit-
ing, and was a representative in Con-
gress from New York. He also at one
time held the office of coroner of New
York City. He succeeds Judge Alexan-
der, of Indiana
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

LusDBoRG's perfume, Edenis.
Lundborg's perfume, Marchal Mel Ross.
LANDLORDS perfume, Alpine Violet.
LANDLORDS perfume, Lily OF the Valley.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

CINCINNATI admits that her wickedness
differs from that of London only in degree.
A. candid confession.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
w1,I ROW Reach for One Champlon.hip,

PITTsBURG, July 2S.-JOhn Teemer,
the oarsman, having failed to get race
with Hanlan, has decided to go to Aus
tralia to row Beach for the champion
ship of the world He will be ready to
start in about eight weeks.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
1T rs
NEVER TOO HOT


To Buy Parasol-
Worth slo. for s. 5o-AT KREMER'S
To Buy Real White Ostrich Plume
Worth 81 o., for 75c-Ar KREMRR's
To Buy Lovely White Straw Poke
Worth 81 90, for 25e-AT KREEER'S
To Buy Beautiful Quality Of
French Black Goods
Worth 81 so, for 4Oc-Ag X RENE ER'S
these are all-wool, 46 in ches wide, and indeed
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
AT Ek1EME7,S

To see the stylish, nobby:Fall Goods for travel
ing and mountain wear,
SOEE and see the many pretty and useful
goods that we sacrifice THIS WEEK.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
WESTERN RIVERS.
Maj. Miller's Report ON Improvements
During the Past Year to the Chief
of Engineers.
An Appropriation Of $1G1, 200 Asked for
the Mississippi, and $4,000 for
the Missouri.
Appointments by the President-The
Color Line in the Signal Service
Worthless Seed.

WASHINGTON, July 28.-The Presi-
dent day made the following appoint
mems
All ony Eckhoff of New York, to be
Fifth Auditor of the Treasury.
Conrad Krez of Wisconsin, collector
of customs for the district of Milwau-
kee, Wis.
Samuel Flower, assistant treasurer
of the United States at New Orleans, La
The President to-day appointed the
following named Presidential postmas-
ters: Charles w. Howe at Rochester,
N. H., vice Osnan b. Warrvn, GUS
pended; Geo. w Bell at Webster City,
Ia, vice John ID. Hunter, suspended !;
John f. Pyne at Vinton, Ia, vice Ste
phen A. Marine, suspended; Ebeuezer
NJ. Lockwood at Burlington, Ks, vice A.
D. Brown, suspended; VIM. Becker at
suspended; Henry 4. Slaymaker at Ian
pended; c: G. Yonge, jr., at Pensacola,
Shannon at Meridian, Miss, vice VIM.
at Rochester, Mimi, vice Joseph H.
Wagner, suspended; Frank l.. Thayer
at Waterville, Me-, vice Millard NJ.
Dunn, suspended; Nathaniel A. Sivett at
Saccarapha, Me-, vice James Nj. Webb,
suspended; Alexander S. Haller at
Witheville, Va, vice w. +. Slater, sus-
pended; George d. Sanford at Grand
Haven, Mich. vice Samuel C. Glover, re-
signed; Samuel S. Lucey at Marshall,
Mich, vice Wm. Il. Lewis, suspended
Dudley c. Brown at Brandon, Vt, vice
John L. Knight, suspended; w l..
Howard at Fair Hayep, VT. vice Harris
Whipple, suspended; Francis N, Sitter
at Albany, Mo-, vice Adrian G. Case. sus-
pended; VIM. G. Black at Gallatin, Mo-.
vice l. 7. Day, suspended.
The President late this afternoon made
the following appointments: Truman
III. Allen, of BaklaAd, Cal, to be pension
agent at San FRANCISCO; Morris A.
Thomas, of Maryland, and Geo. K. Pear.
son, of Iowa, to be Indian inspectors
and Jason Wheeler, of Oregon, to be
agent for the Indians Of the Warm
Springs Agency in Arizonia.
The President o-day appointed Robert
Murray, Surgeon General United State:
Army; Francis NJ, GInnell, Surgeon
United States Navy; and the Rev Byron
Sunderland, pastor of the First Presby'
| terian church, to be one of the visitors tC
the government hospital for the insane
The President to-day commissioner
the following postmasters: Jas. M
Keys, Bichland Center, Wis: Jno. P
Norvell, DanYilie, H.; Jno. z. Smith
Freeport, Ill; Jno. i. Handley, Fair
field, Ill Miles j Finlen, Streetor, III.
Frank E. Martin Larned, Ks. Geo. W
!; Martin, Chattanooga, Tenn; Jno. Neff
Winchester, Ind; Geo. r. Reynolds
friivmouth, Ind, Henry j, Feltus
Bloomington, Ind; VIM. b. Gillespie
Traer, Ia. Simmer B. Chase, Usage; La.
Homer Luce, HiggiiGGssville, Mo-; Chas
J. Walden, Fayette, Mo-; 1::::- Is u Ne
COnnell. Catlettsburg, Ky; Jno. Taila-
fferro, Winchester, Ky; VIM. 4. Lewis,
Evart, Mich. G. S. Barrett, Charlotte
Mich; Robt. w. Cowan, Ashland, o.;
Smith n. McCloud, Marysville, o.; Jno,
T. Killgore, Longview, Tex, and Robt
W. Speer, Denver, Col.
THE APPOINTEES
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29
Hh ren er'S
ALWAYS IEAR

MERJ.I.r1LR BANK OF MEMPHIS
Memphis, Hsnn., July 81. lsS5.
a the regular monthly meet ng of the Board
~ Of Directors Of this Bank, held this day, a
semi annual cash dividend of per cent. was
declared, out OF the net earnings of the past six
months. payable on demand.
@ RAINE Hash;a-
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1885-07-29

Change Of - chedulo.
,.. FnEIynr OFFICE os THR \
MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE R.R CO.,
MENPRIs, July -, 1885.
M AhlNG qaiek time to Grenada and points on
ANl the Illinois Central Railroad. Ali freishts
received up to pm. delivered at destination the
flowing morning. G. T. SCAIFE, Agent :
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
Brief Mention.

Henry Menard residing near Dozaville, is in
jail at Chester for stabbing to death VIM. S.
Thomas, young companion, in quarrel at a
country ball.
The Governor has offered reward of 5000 for
the arrest of Albert Koch, of Kane county,
charged with the murder of his wife and mother
l. law, Mrs. Mary Butte.
George Cook living one mile northeast of
Sodorus, has gathered, the product of one vine,
six pumpkins, the aggregate weight of which is
5l2 pounds, the heaviest one weighing Ill
pounds.
Shepler and Rutherford, two prisoners, have
escaped from the Danvile Jail. Sheper had
just been sentenced to five years and Ruther-
ford to two years in the penitentiary, both for
burglary
Miss Gertrude Cunningham, of Centralia and
Chicago lady, who within a few days went
South as missionaries to labor among the blacks
stopped at Birmingham, Ala, but would not be
received into any boarding house as soon as their
mission became known. Baptist clergyman
one of their own ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS refusing to
admit them into his household. They were told
that, their work being among the negroes, they
should confine their associations solely to that
race.
David Shaw, general foreman at the new
Court house. at Galesburg, made desperate at
tempt to commit suicide in the county Jail at that
place, by cutting his throat. While in Bur-
lington the Fourth of July, he stabbed bar
tender named Smith, being intoxicated at the
time. He was to be taken to Burlington for
trial, but was found in his cell nearly lifeless
the cut on his throat having made q large cash
in the windpipe Il a letter left he said that he
preferred death to dishonor. He has the repu-
tation of being superior workman. He is in a
precarious condition.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
Minor Notes.

Mrs. Nancy Smith, of Jacksonville, aged
ffty-fiYe years died on Tuesday of cancer
Mrs. David Tomlin, of Jacksonville, fell from
her doorstep and broke her log at the ankle
Elder j. c. Stanley, OF Charlestown, will prob
ably be called to the pastorate of Park Christian
Church, at New Albany.
Judge Lott, of Muncie, has denied the motion
of Stephen Hamilton for new trial. Hamilton
was recently convicted of criminal assault upon
Mrs. Elizabeth Hotlinger.
The Medical Society of the Third Congress
sional district will dsband and reorganize under
the name of the Fall City Medical Society, to be
represented by Louisville, Jeffersonville and
New Albany.
Will Lockhart, a young farmer drove into
Connersyille and hitched his horse, attached to a
buggy nearly new, in front of several business
houses At dark when he returned, the outfit
valued at $500, was gone There is no trace of
the property thief.
Near Evansville on the farm of William Posey,
Neal Walker, colored, was SHOT and fatally
wounded by William Harris. white. Harris be-
came angered at Walker and fred five shots at
him, two taking effect. one passing through his
left arm into his body, and the other entering his
back near the shoulder and ranging downward.
Harris is still at large
The most expensive lawsuit Fayette county
has had for years is now OH trial in the Circuit
Court between the wealthy families of A. B.
land along the river. The oldest inhabitants y
to the number of eighty, attending wit
nesses, and the not less than 5000 day.
The trial will last week.
At Jeffersonville, the case of VIM. r. Work,
guardian of Walter r. Ddrick and Ella Work.
vs. Alex. Lutz and the heirs and devsees of
David Lutz. has been called This suit involves
about 900, and is to set aside the will of
David Lutz on the alleged ground that he was
incapable of making a will at the time it was
drawn. Eight attorneys figure in the case.
Louisville Courier-Journal: caroad of
school furnishings for Thorp. the Morgan town,
ship, Harrison county, fugitive trustee now in
Canada, is at the j., M. & l. yard in New
Albany. This makes the fourth carload of
similar supplies sent from Chicago to that city to
'rhorps order. His frauds aggregate about
$4,000. His wife is now with him at St. Thomas,
Ont.
Harrison county regulators broke in the door
CT Murray Faster eight miles from of Corydon
As they entered Faster struck one Of them a
terrible blow with an AK, telling him to the
floor. The regulators seized Faster, disarmed
him, tied him to a gate post and gave him an
unmerciful beating after which they took their
wounded comrade and departed. Faster thinks
the blow he gave the regulator will prove fatal,
but it is not known yet who he is.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
Mr.. Randalrs Endorsement of Cleveland.

PITTsBURG, Oct 2S.-The Randall Club. of
this city, celebrated the first anniversary of it's
organization with banquet at ''Old City Hall"
j. Randall and others About 1000 per-
sons were present In the course of
his remarks. Mr. Randall said: "A year
ago were told that the success of the
Democratic party would result disastrousy
to the country; that if the Democratic party got
power, it would be tearing down instead of
building up But now we have a Democratic
President and where is all the disaster to
business that was prophesied2 We have
stronger administration than think Grover
Cleveland may facitiousy be called slow, but he is
building up the party in a strong and firm way,
and he will accomplish work that the Republican
party promised for years, but could never do"
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
Deadly Assault on Robert j. Cook,

PHILADELPHIA, Oct 2S.-Robert ]. Cook,
treasurer of the Press company, was attacked
early this morning by Stephen Macpherson. the
coored janitor of the building, and struck on
the head with Ratchet, his skull being frac-
tured. The injured man, who, it is thought, will
die, was removed to the hospital and his assail-
ant was captured. MACPHERSON is a large mus
cular negro, and had been censured by Mr. Cook
for allowing gas 30 escape. 1t is said that Mr.
Cook struck Macpherson first, and that the lat
ter then used the Ratchet The victim had a
national reputation an athlete, having been
captain of the famous centennial crew of Yale
College and trainer of the college crews for sew
eral years.
LATER-Cook was taken to the hospital and
the pressure on his brain relieved by trepanning
Little hope is en- tertained Of his recovery.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
TELEGRAPHIC BREVITIES.

Roswell NJ Field, of the Kansas CITY Times.
was yesterday married to Miss Eta Dexter of
that city.
A gang of counterfeiters mostly gypsies
were arrested in the Cherokee nation, near
Fort Smith, yesterday.
Thomas NJ Turner a dairyman, was arrested
at Kansas City, yesterday, charged with the
murder of Mrs. Conway and her daughter, last
week.
The threemle single scull race between Lang
of Montreal. and Hosmer, of Boston. rowed a.
Lake Sigamund, yesterday, was won by Laine
in 2l:15.
An epidemic of diptheria has broken out al
New Dunham N. j., and the schools have beer
closed. Several deaths from the disease have
occurred.
The large music hall in the ST. Louis Exposi
ton building was formally opened last night
with the first concert of festival which is to last
all the week.
Theophle Pellvillian was arrested while going
aboard the steamer Canadian at New York,
yesterday, charged with robbing Denver, Col,
lady of money and jewery.
Ex-President Best, of the Pacific Bank, Bos-
| ton. charged with embezzling $4,000 of the
banks funds, has been held In $50, 900 bail. He
says the beneficiary of the trust W. w. Car
roth, had the handling of the money. and that ii
was lost by him in speculation.
Six disguised men rode up to the residence of a
colored man named George Templeton. in Hemp
stead county, Arkansas Monday night. called
him out and shot him down. He died instantly.
His assassns are unknown as yet He was
quiet, peaceable colored citizen.
A strike on the South Atlantic railroad
occurred yesterday at Bristol. Tenn, where the
whole force the line quilted work. The
strike is for ST. % per day, the wages paid now
being 80 cents. 1t is thought compromise will
be effected and work resumed to-day
L. 0. David, of Montreal. yesterday received
information from Ottawa to the effect that the
Cabinet had notified Mr.. Lemieux, Riel's coun-
sci. that as additional afidavits are for
warded medical commission would be APP
pointed to pronounce upon Rieis mental con
dition.
About $50 feet of the bridge of the Pleasant
vile d Atlantic City turnpike company fell, on
Tuesday afternoon, while about fifty people
were on it. Many of them were thrown into the
water, but fortunately none were drowned. The
cause of the accident was the eating of the pill
ing by worms until it was honeycombed.
Judge Levi NJ. Villas of Eau Claire Wis, a
brother of the Postmaster general was married
yesterday. in Pullman. H.. to Miss Lizzie S.
Ludam, daughter of Major James d. Ludlam.
Owing to the recent death of the groom's sister,
the attendance was limited to relatives about
seventy of whom were present. Two special
coaches conveyed the guests from Chicago.
A man named Scott, molder. working in a
foundry at St Louis, met horrible death yes
terday. While emptying a large ladle contain
ing TO- DOC pounds of molten iron into pit four
teen feet deep the cable holding the ladle broke
and the unfortunate man was precipitated into
the pit, with the molten metal on top of him.
He was seen to writhe several times. and when
the body was recovered it was found to be
charred beyond recognition.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
Yesterdays Appointments.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 28.-The President made
the following appointments to-day: W. Lee
Dinkins, of Mississippi, to be United States
Marshal for the southern district of Mississippi;
Edmund B. Briggs of the District of Columbia.
to be United States Consul at Santos,
Brazil; Henry F. Wild. of Massachusetts, to be
as sayer in charge of the assay Office at Boise
City, l. T..
The acting Postmaster general to-day ap-
pointed the following named fourth class post
masters:
Ohio-At Smiley, John Haley; Pulaski Steph-
en- A. Robinson; Wavnesville. A. J. Huffer;
Eagle, f. P. Smith; Piketon, e. w. Morgan;
Payne, Daniel E. Kaufman; Swanton, Byron V.
Ludlum Larne, Owen Kane.
Indiana-At Midtown, Charles P. Trotter;
Daleville, George O. Suman; Deland John Vail;
Mason, Andrew j. Campbell; Maryland, Martin
Emmert.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
Tammany's Interest in the Local Offices.

New YORK, Oct 28..-Tammany Hall held its
opening massmeeting to night. There were
banners, torches, Greek fires and an immense
gathering. The Wiewam was filled and the
streets in front of and adjoining were crowded
Speeches were made from several stands. Only
local speakers took part in the oratory. Atten-
ton was chiefly devoted to the local contest.
With'reference to the State ticket and Its sup
port, the resolutions embodied these words:
Confident of our ability to maintain the
supremacy of Democratic principles. we pledge
ourselves to subordinate and sacrifice every con-
sideration of local advantage or personal refer
enceI to the success of the Democratic candidates
nominated at Saratoga"
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29
SOUTHERN HOSPITALITY.
Female Missionaries Refused Entertainment
by the Whites

Dy the whites.
Centralia tIfl.) Special.
A week ago Miss Gertrude Cunningham. of this
city, together with a Chicago lady. left their
homes In the North to shed rays Of enlghten-
ment among the benighted blacks of the South.
l"sy stopped at Birmingham. Ala. where they
made application for boarding and lodging At
Tue nrss house they applied TO they experienced
no trouble until they told the whites the nature
OF tneir southern mission, when they were met
Win nat refusal to he taken in. One entire
aay was spent In endeavoring to secure board
lng-piace' Many houses were called at at all of
which the people refused to take them in as soon
as they found out that the negroes were to be-
come the benefciaries of the ladies' mission in
the locality. The pastor of the white Rant;st
Church would not for the same reason receive
them into his church, although they were mem
bers of that denomination in the North The
ladies were told that if they chose to work
among the blacks they could also associate
among them. These are the difficulties which
good men and women find in the way of their,
lifting the pail of iiliteracy which the South pre-
fers should hang over their former slaves. Edu-
cation to the South is their most deadly foe
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1885-10-29

WASHINGTON Oct. 28.-The Postoffice De-
partment has issued modified circular of in
structons to postmasters concerning the special
delivery service The new circular includes
postal cards and sealed packages in the matter
entitled to special delivery if properly stamped
Postmasters required to report monthly
instead of weekly. and where the business is so
limited as to preclude the employment of regular
messengers the postmasters are directed
to make other arrangements for deliveries.
having regard to the provision of law that for
bids the payment of more than eight cents for
the delivery Of each letter. Pos.masters are
also directed to place notice upon the face Of
registered packages containing special delivery
letters, informing the postmasters at points Of
delivery of the nature of their contents SO that
such packages may be opened at once and the
matter delivered.