davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
Application for Patent.
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE
NOTICE NO. lO8.

UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
HALEY, IDAHO. March "a. 1885.
his attorney in fact. Milton +. Pinney. has made
application for United States Patent for the
CARBONATE LODE MINING CLAIM,
situate in Warm Spring Creek Mining District, Altu
county Idaho Territory consisting Of 1850 linear
fest of the lode, and surface ground 600 feet wide
being Lot No. A. and described in the field notes
and plat OF the official survey file in this office
with magnetic variation ut Is degrees and 30 min
utes east as follows:
Commencing at the discovery point Of this
claim. mud running thence II deg. 800 feet to
the southeast corner of the cnim to post marked
Il S l. II, cor. l: thence along the southery end
line Of the claim n deg. W GOO feet to u post
marked U $ l. ~, cor. g. the southwest corner Of
the claim; thence ID deg. 1900 feet to a post
marked L L Al cor. 3, the northwest corner Of
the claim thence along the northerly end line of
the claim N n deg 600 feet to post marked U
l. n. cor 1, the northeast corner of the claim
tnenc. along the easterly side line Of the claim
l3 E 1900 feet to corner No l, the place Of begin
n.n of survey Of exterior boundaries of the claim
From snid corner No 3, the corner common to Sec
tons .. 3; 10 and II, ia II II E, bears ~ deg.
u min. W 1924 feet distant. Embracing an area
of ". &C acres.
The said mining claim being of record In the Of
flee of the Recorder of said mining district at Hal
ley, IN Alturss county, Idaho. The nearest known
location being the Veta Grande lode claim, s
Lot No A. adjoining the Carbonate lode on the
south
Any and all persons claiming adversely any por.
ton of the said Carbonate Lode Mining Claim. or
surface ground. required to file their adverse
claims thereto with the Register of the United
States Land Office. at HALEY, Idaho Territory,
within the sixty days publication thereof or they
will be barred by virtue of the provisions of the
Statute in such cases made and provided.
HOMER l.. POUND, Register.
direct that the foregoing notice of application
for patent be published for the period of sixty
days item consecutive weeksl in the Woop RIvEn
TIMES, ewspaper published ut HALEY, Alturas
county, Idaho Territory,
MIA HOMER l.. POUND, Register.
| LJtteton Price, atty for applicant.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
Notice to Creditors.

ESTATE OF C. c. MORT, DECEASED.
Notice is hereby given by the undersi s.ncd. J. NJ
Burkett, Administrator of the estate of &. q. Mott
of Bellevue l. IT, deceased, to the creditors of,
aud all persons having claims against the said de-
ceased. to exhibit them with the necessary v.uch-
ers. within four months after the first publication
of this notice, to the said Administrator at Haley.
ill the county of Alturas,
Dated ut HALEY. l. r.. March 20. 1885.
J. NJ. BIkkErT,
Administrator of the Estate OF q. G. Mott. de-
ceased. l2O
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
Application for Patent.
NOTICE NO. 100.

UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
HALEY, Idaho, February Z. 1885.
Notice is hereby given. that Enos A. Wall and
Michael Shsughiiessy have made Application for
United States Patent for the
MONARCH LODE MINING CLAIM,
situate in the Mineral Kill Mining District Alturas
county, Idaho Territory, consisting of 800 linear
feet OF the lode, and surface ground 600 feet wide
being Lot No u. and described in the field notes
and plat of the official survey file in this Office
with magnetic variation at IL degrees and 10 min
utrs east as follows
Commencing at the discovery point of this
claim. and running thence y - deg. Is min. 4
along the sontheasterIy center line Of the claim
800 feet t. the center Of the southeaster,y end line
thence IA deg As min. along the southeasterly
end line 300 feet to post marked U LIB, 7 No /,
the horthensterly corner Of the claim: thence Is
deg Ii min. along the nOrthea tery side line of
the claim 1900 feet to post marked u l. -. p No
2. the northwcster!y corner OF the claim; thence
IA deg. A. min. along the nortnwesterly end line
Of the claim 600 feet to post marked u s J. H. y
No 3. the southwesterly corner Of the claim thence
y 10 DEG. Ii min. along the southwesterly side
line of the claim 1900 feet to post marked U S l.
-, No A. the southes sterly corner Of the claim
thence II deg. A min. along the southeasterly
end line of the claim GOO feet to post marked u
l. 70. No l, the northessterly corner OF the
claim. the place of beginning of survey of t.e
terror boundaries From Post No |. the corner of
Sections ., 10, IS and 49,, TIN N +, bears N A
deg. II min. W 727.5 feet distant.
The said mining claim being of record in the
Office of the County Recorder of said Mining Dis
trict, at HALEY i'll Alturas county, Idaho Territory.
The nearest known locations Oeing tine Pass Oh the
north, and Bay state on the south.
Any and all persons claiming adversely any por-
tion of the said Monarch Lode mining claim OF
surface ground are required to file their adverse
claims thereto with the Register of the United
within the sixty days publication thereof or they
will he barred by virtue of the provisions of the
Statute in such cases made and provided.
HOMER l.. POUND, Register
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
Application for Patent.
EOrIcE NO. lG,.
UStrEp STATES LAND OFFICE

uSfrED STATES LAND OFFICE
HALEY, IDAaG, February Z, 1885.
Notice is hereby given, that Enos A. Wall and
Michael Shaughnessy have made application tor
United States Patent for the
BON TON LODE MINING CLAIM,
situate in the Mineral Hill Mining District Alturas
county. Idaho Territory. consisting of l465
linear feet Of the lode, and surface ground
900 feet wide, being Lot No Is, and de-
scriLed in the field notes and Plat of the ofci
survey on file in this ONCE with magnetic varia.
ton ut Is degrees and 10 minutes east. follows :
Commencing at the discovery point Of this claim
center of the easterly end line OF the claim: thence
deg. W along the easterly end line of the
claim 300 feet to post marked U l. IS. No L.
the northeastery corner Of the claim: thence n "a
deg. 30 Iain. W along the northery side line of the
claim us feet TO q post marked U y L IS. z No 2,
the northery side line corner of the claim: thence
$ g, deg. W along the northerly side line OF the
claim $50 feet to post marked u s l. 49, No 3,
the northwesterly corner Of the claim: thence $ Z
deg. along the westerly end line Of the claim GOO
feet to post marked U l. 70. p No4, the south
westerly corner of the claim: thence 81 deg f
$50 feet along the southerly side line of the claim
to post marked U l. IS. P No 5. the souther!y
side line corner of the claim; thence S "a deg 80
min. us feet along the southery side line of the
claim 10 post marked = l. Is, p No q. the sont..
easterly corner of the claim; thence deg. GOD
feet along the easerly end line If the claim to u
post marked U S l. rs, = No |, the place of begin
ming of survey of ext .rior boundaries. From Post
No2 the corner of Sections - 10. Is and H. y , N
Il II +, bears deg. 81 min. " 1869 feet distant.
Except the in conflict with the Bay State Lode,
u. S. Lot No IL, containing 75-lO0 acres.
The said mining claim being of record in the
Office of the County Recorder of said Mining Dis.
trct, at Haley in Alturas county Idaho Territory
The nearest known locations being the Bay State
on the MOI III, and the Mountain Boy on the east.
ANY and all persons claiming adversely any por.
tion of the said Bon Ton Lode mining claim
or surface ground, ure required to file thei,
adverse claims thereto with the Register of the
United States Land Office, at Haiey, Idaho Ter.
rt,ry. within the sixty days publication thereof
or they will be barred by virtue of the provisions
OF the statute in such made and provided
HOMER L.. POUND, Ke;, ster.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
YOUTH q MEN

and MIDDIE-AGED MEN, who are suffering from
the effects of Youthful Indiscretons or Exress-s
IN mAturcr years. Nervous and Physical Debility
Impotcn.y, Lost Manhood, confusion Of ideas
dull eyes, aversion to society, dependency PIN.
pies on the face, loss Of energy and Inc uory fire.
quency of urinat'ng, etc. Remember that by a
combination of VEGETABLE REMEDIES of great cur.
alive power, the Doctor has arranged his
treatment that ii will not only afford immediate
r.li hnt
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
Application for Patent.
NOTICE NO 10l,

UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
HALEY, IDAEo, February Z. 1855.
Notice If hereby given, that Enoa A. Wall ind
Michael Shaughnessy have made application tor a
United States Patent for the
BAY STATE LODE MINING CLAIM,
situate In the Mineral Hill Mining Dist-ict, Altu-
ras County, Idaho Territory, consisting of 1900
linear feet OF the Lode and surface ground 5Tj
field notes and plat of the official survey on file in
this Office, with magnetic variation ut Is degrees
and 30 minutes east, as follews
Coinmencinga at the discovery point of this claim
and running thence $ Is deg. Is min. 300 feet to
point in the easterly end line Of the claim
thence N 50 deg. 30 min. along the southeasterly
end line of the claim Al feet to u pest marked u
LIZA p No l, the northcasterly corner of the
elaim; thence N Is deg. Il MN. along the
northe asttrly side line of the cmim to post
marked u l. n Y No ., the northwosterly corner
of the claim: theme 80 .its. 30 min. along the
northwestcIiy end line of the claim TG9 feet to n
post marked L $ l. "a, P No 3, the southwesterly
corner Of the claim; thence u deg. Is 1nin
along the suuthwtstery side line of the claim 1900
feet to a post marked S l. -. No 4. the south
eastcrly corner Of the claim; thence % deg. 10
min. 100 feet to II post marked U I. -. No l.,
daries. From Post No l., corner of Sections ., 10.
l., and IL, II N Il II L. bears n A deg. 03 min.
1851 feet distant.
The said mining claim being of record in the
trirt Mt HALEY in Aturas County, Idaho Terito-
ny. The nearest known locations being the Bon
Ton on the south, and the Mountain Boy the
southeast.
Any amt all persons claiming adversely any por-
ton of the sa Day state Lode mining claim or
face groundar required to tiie their adverse claims
til, reto with the Register of the United States Land
Oui"e ut HALEY Idaho Territory, within the sixty
days publication thereof, or they will be barred
10y virtue of the provisions of the Statute in such
cases made AID provided.
HOMER l.. POUND. Register.
I direct that the FOREGOING notice Of apDlica-
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE,

(lIaving been surgeon III charge of two leading
hosptaisl ensbles me t. treat all private troubles
with excellent results. i wish ii distinctly under.
stood that do not claim to perform impossible.
ties. to have miraculous or supernatural power
claim only to be- skillful and successful Physi
clan ami Surgeon, TuoRoUGHLY informed i'll my
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
Application for Patent.
NOTICE NO. lOo.
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE.
lI.rIEv JnAup E.lru,rv = ~

UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE.
HALEY, IDAHO, February !, 1885.
Notice IL hereby given that Enos A. Wall and
Michael Shaughnessy have made application for
United States Patent for the
MOUNTAIN BOY LODE MINING CLAIM,
situate in the Mineral Hill Mining District, Aluras
county Idaho Territory. consisting of $50 linear
feet OF tn. lnle and surface ground 6lO feet wide
being Lot No 70. and described in the field notes
and plat of the official survey on file in this office.
with magnetic variation at IL degrees and 30 min
utcs east MS follows:
Commencing at the discovery point of this claim
and running hence n. 80 deg. 30 min. H. along the
northe rly end line of this claim $40 feet t. post
marke! L. !. III +. No. l. the northensttrly cor
OF the claim: therce $ - deg. 10 min. W aloLg
the Eorthvrly end line Of the claim $50 feet to n
post marned u s. l.. &c 4. Mo-, the northwe'tery
corn r of the claim: thent - ia deg T.. alon the
W. ST. rA s,dr line If the claim $50 feet to post
n..r.rd 4. \, l.. ii f. No. J. the southwcst,ry cor
n.r q. the cain; thence y. - deg. 30 rim. r.
along the sou nery cad line of the claim go feet
t. post marked L. =. l.. az. p. No. l. the south
eat rly CORNER If the Il i'm: thence n. 10 deg, W.
81 feet along he esSteiiy side line of the claim to
post marked L. $. l.. IL Post No. |. the point "f
beginning of survey of exterior boundaries. From
Post No. the corner OF Sections ., IL, II and ID.
rp L. IL 4, bears n. Is deg. 10 nun. W. lSJS
feet distant. Exert tac area in conflict with the
acres.
The said mining clai,n being Of record in the
Office of the County Recorder of said mining dis
trirt at liliry, in Atras county. Idaho Territory.
The nearest known locations being the Bay State
and roa Ton lod,s, both on the northwest.
Any aud MI persons claiming adversely any ror-
tiun u: the said Mountain Boy Lode nNiAg claim or
surface ground, are required to file their adverse
claims thereto with the Register of the United
States Land ONCE, ut lIailey. Idaho Territory.
within the sixty days publication thereof, or they
Will he barred 10y virtue of the provisions of the
Statute in such cases made and provided.
HOMER l.. POUND. Register.
direct that the forcg ing notice of application
for patent be published for the period of sixty
days ttcn consecutive weeks in the Noon RIVER
TIMES, newspaper published at HALEY,
Aiiuras county, Idaho Territory.
HOMER l.. POUND. Register.
" Ii " AlI AtiurNi.X f.lr ALilliLauis
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
Application for Patent.
NOTICE NO. 100.
UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
HALEY lnAIIO Mar.h 1. 1SS1

UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE,
HALEY, IDAHO. March II, 1895.
Notice is hereby gwen that John Borden and
Charles q. Wicker, by their attorney in fact Lyt-
tleton Price. whose postoffi address is HALEY.
Idaho, have luade application FOR Il United States
Patent for tAe
MOSCOW LODE MINING CLAIM,
Situate in Mineral Hill Mining District, Nturas
county, Idaho Territory, consisting of lIi0 linear
feet of the lode. and surface ground COO feet wde
being Lot No. II, and described in the field notes
and plat of the official survey file in this Office
with magnetic variation ut Is deg and 80 minutes
east. as follows:
Commencing at the discovery point of this claim
and running thence N - deg. along the center
line of the claim lODfeot to the center ~ til" north
west end line of the claim: thence ~ deg.
along the northwest end line of the claim 800 feet
t. post naked L l. II, cor. l. corner No of
said Claim being the northwest corner of the
caim; thence n ~ deg. + along said IL" rtnwts st
end line GoJ feet t. post marked L 5 l. II, .
the northeast corner Of the claim; thence y
deg. along the nurtheasttrly side line of the
claim lilo feet to II post marked II, cor. 3
the srutheast.rly corner of the claim thence
along the sou.hea>tcrly end line OF the claim $
~ deg W COO feet to II post marked L 81 II, cor
t. the southwt ster y corner OF the claim: thence
n b deg W along the nNrthwcsttrly side line of
the claim 1910 feet to corner No |, aud the place of
beginning of survey of exterior boundaries of the
claim. From said corner 3, the quarter section
corner between . and 16 t. IN Il II L, bears 5 "A
deg II MN. L. G47.? feet distant.
Except the i'll conflict with the Banno,'k
lode claim, 4 : Lot 40, embracing area Of ] ~
acres Said Moscow lode claim embrac ing nm area
without said exception of II 20 acres said area in
conflict with the Banuutk lode claim being hereby
waived.
The said mining claim being Of record in the
office of the Recorder of said mining district at
Haley. in Alturas county. Idaho Territory. The
nearest known locations being the Bannock and
Narrow Gauge, Nos aud ,.
ANY and all persons claiming adversely any poi-
tion of the said Moscow Lode Mining Claim or
surface gronnd are required t. file their adverse
claims thereto with the Register of the United
States Land Office, ut HALEY. Idaho Territory
within the sixty days publcat on thereof. or they
Will he barred by virtue uf the provisions OF the
Statute IN such cases m ,de and provided
HOMER l.. POUND, Register.
direct that the foregoing notice of applicat on
for pxtent he published for the period of sixty
days ttcn consecutive weeks in the Woop RIVER
TIMLs, newspaper published ut HALEY. Alturas
county, Idaho Territory.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

direct that the foregoing notice of application
for patent be published for the period of sixty
days item consecutive weeks in the TIMES, a
newspaper published at HALEY, Alturas county,
Idaho Territory.
MIA HOMER L. POUND, Register.
I.yttleton Price, atty n applicant.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14
DISEASES OF MAN.

All applying to me will receive my honest opin-
ion of their com laint-no experimenting. will
guarantee n positive cure in every case under.
take or f)rfeit 81 O00 Consultation in Office hy
letter rRsE and strictly private Charges moder
ate. thorough examination. including chemical
aud nicroscopicsl analysis of urine advice,
81 M. Once hours. D to daily. 6 to s evenings;
Suplays y to IL only. Call or address
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

direct that the foregoing notice of application
for patent be published for the period of sixty
days item consecutive weekS) IN the WooD RIVER
TIMES. II newspaper published ut HALEY, Alturas
county, Idaho Territory.
HOMER l.. POUND. Register.
W. II. WATT Attorney for Applicants.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

o.S. hive VEGETABLE COMPOUND. the result
of mary years of special practice and hsrd study,
which under INV special advice HAS NEVER f,IILD
Of scC,fss in the cure of LosI MASoap, PhnsrA-
io4s';ttrA. rrc. oiltf
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

YOU'VE MIDDL AGED and OLD men and all. who
need medical SKILL and experience, consult the
old European Physician at once. His opiHien
costs nothing, and may save future misery and
shame. When inconvenient to visit the city for
treatment, medicines can be sent everywhere by
express FREE from. observation. 1t is self.evi.
dent that physician who gives his whole atten-
ton to q class of diseases sttains great Skill and
physicians throughout the country. knowing this.
frequently recommend difficult cases to the OLD.
EST SPECIALIST. by WHOM every known Good
Remedy is used. The Doctors AGE and ExPE.
R1ENCE make his opinion Of SUPREME impor-
lance.
Kx'Thcse who call one but the Doc,u.
Consultation free and Sacredly Confidential
Cases which have failed in obtaining relief else
agree to forfeit 81 600 for a undertaken MT
cured. Call or write. Hours: Daily, from ga.
n. to p. m, to evenings; Sundays. 10 to 1.
only. Send for the Sanitarist Guide to Health;
SENT FREE. Address MS above.
NI-The services of the celebrated old German
Physician, DIR. o. GIltARD, from Strasburg, have
fame az specialist for diseases OF men il univers
ally known, and hundreds arc daily availing them
selves of the opportunity of free consultation
personally or by letter. i'll all languages.
DE. LIEElG'S WONDERFUL GERMAN lNviGO ORATOR
permanently prevents all Unnatural Losses from
the system, tones the nerves, strengthens the
cles checks the waste, invigorates the whole sys.
tein and restores the afflicted to Health aad Hap
pness.
The reason so many cannot get cured of Seminal
Weakness, Loss .f Manhood etc. il owing to y
complication, called PROSTATOHnHEA with Hy.
PERAErHESIA. which requires peculiar treat.
tive cure for .PROsTATORKHEA. with peculiar
special treatment. used at the Iiebip Disptnsary
VAHICOCELE,
Or Wormy Veins of the Scrotum Often the Uu.
suspected cause OF Lost Manhood, Debility, Nc.
Price of Jnvigorator, 81, Case OF six bottles 80
Sent to any address. covered securely from obser.
vstion.
Most powerful electric belts free to pntients.
To prove the wonderful power OF the Invigor.
ator,
81 BOTTLE GIVEN or SENT FREE.
DR.. Lebig's Wonderful Magnetic Heaters o, Self
Magnetizers the greatest curative invention of the
age. Every man or woman can now he their own
Magnetic Healer. 1t can be used without the aid
of professional hand rubber. consequently no
big fees to pay Price IS, complete. Sold only ut
the DR.. Liebig Dispensary.
Colsultation free and private. Call or address,
LIEB!G DISPENSARY,
1G S.,,, Ira, Oh
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

Private entrance, 4e5 Mason Street. four blocks
mp deary Street IRON Kearny. Main entrance
through Dispenspry Drugstore. j3O.f
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

direct that the foregoing notice Of application
for patent be published for the period Of sixty days
(ten consecutive weeks) in the WOOD RIVER TINES
n newspaper published ut Haley Alturus county
Idaho Territory.
HOMER l.. POUND. Register.
". Ii. MATT. ATTORNEY for Aulllir ults.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

! direct that the foregoing notice Of applca-
ton for patent be published for the period of
sixty days item consecutive weeks,) i'll the Woop
RIVER TIMES, newspaper published at
HALEY, Aturas county, Idaho Territory.
HOMER l.. POUND, Register.
W. II. WArr, Attorney for Applicants.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

establish hea IN y SIRE f"uut'ti-D. use the
rc'ricsS ivigorsnt For sale y all r'l.s'''s a,it
deal Is "-;r RAIN.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

direct that the foregoing notice of applicat on
for pxtent he published for the period of sixty
days ttcn consecutive weeks in the Woop RIVER
TIMLs, newspaper published ut HALEY. Alturas
county, Idaho Territory.
mis- HOMER l.. POUND, Register.
Iyttleton Price, atty for applicants.
Wood River times. [volume] (Hailey, Idaho) 1882-1915, 1885-04-14

IDHIiU, J,
Notice is hereby gwen that John Borden and
Charles q. Wicker by their attorney in fact, Lyt-
tleton Price. whose postofh address is HALEY.
Idaho have made application FOR United States
Patent
New-York tribune., 1885-07-20
uORE REFORM BACKYARD.

We are approaching one great reform. Inc
merchants of this country are about 10 DC iclt
dependent on British steamers, British mails
and British subsidies, for communication WIN
foreign ports In some cases, mails from tiiis
country will have to go first to London ana
thence to foreign ports, whereas hlther,o
British mails have come first to the United
States and thence to the foreign ports. There
will he an. increase for instance, of about
fourteen days in the time of communicating
with Australia. In other cases the dIherehcc
will be less, but still considerable. III mas long
been dsgraccful that the business OF this couh-
try was so greatly dependent. upon foreign
means of communication, and that foreign iner
chants were allowed to have so greatly the au-
vantage in more sure and speedy means OF
communication than those OF this country ENJOY.
But the present Administration. not content
with the past discrimination against American
merchants and American commerce, proposes TO
make 1t still greater.
This il does, too, by deliberate violation OF m
act of Congress For Congress had desired 10
secure substantial reform. and more speedy ana
inlcpendent communication for American mel
chants. and &c tnat end, after much dlscusslon'
it enacted that the Government should expehd
n certain sum in promoting more iapid COM
munication. But the Administration refuses to
cxnend this money in the node required. III
declares that the money shall lie Idle until the
ncxt Congress can have something to say about
if. II declares that the public service shall be
made dependent upon the convenience OF
foreigners, that the reform which Congress IN
tended in the interest OF American merchants
and producers shall be defeated, and that com
mcrca interests shall be sacrificed by the with
drawal of part of the facilities hitherto en-
loved. And this it calls reform" No. 1t Is just
the sort of shallow demagogsm which always
defeats itself II will not please the people oi
this country to find that their substantial in
tercsts are disregarled. and their commerce
crippled, under the pretext of avoiding the
payment of subsidies.