davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
STEAMERS.

STEAMERS.
INFECT LINE TO NORFOLK IT,
~ AND ,sssS5t.5.ss=ss:S
FORTRESS MONROE.
THE POTOMAC STEAMBOAT CCMPANY's
First-cia5s steamer
GEOR GE L E AIRY
will leave Prince St. Wharf EVERY MONDAY,
WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY, at P. H.,
Connecting at Norfolk with
BOSTON AND PROVIDENCE" STEAMERS
and Steamer ARIEL FOR RICHMOND.
For further particulars enquire al Company's
Office 7th Street Wharf, Washington. d. c., or to
PHILIP B. HOOE,
may7.tf Agt Prince Street Wharf.
S iEAAhhS AN4 4sn $50
WAKEFIELD,
FOR POTOMAC RIVER LANDINGS.
Leave Washington, from It'll street wharf, at
4. M. and Alexandria, from foot of King street,
at S a. IN. MONDAYS, THURSDAYS and SA-
TURDAYS, returning on Tuesdays, Fridays, and
Sundays, for all River Landings as far as Ncmiui
Creek, Currioman aud st. Clements Bay.
FERRY SCHEDULE.
Leacc Alexandria: 7:3O, $50, 9:3O. 1896
and 11:So A: M., 1880 lao. 2:3O. $50. 4:30,
$50 and $50 P. 81.
Leave Washington: 7:3O, $50, $50. 1926
and 11:3O A. NJ, 1890 $50, 2:3O, $50, $50,
$50 and $50 P. M.
Same schedule OH Sundays commencing at $50
q. n.
For information apply at Office TIN st. wharf,
Washington D. c., and ct office foot Of King ST.,
Alexandria, Va. C. w. RIDLEY, Manager
J. B. PADGETT, Agent. ie30
INLAND AND sEABoARD .T-s
4 COAsTING COMPANY. sss.E -
GREATLY REDUCED RATES.
FOE FORTRESS MONROE AND NORFOLK
DIRECT NO sToPs.)
The Steamer LADY OF THE LAKE leavcs her
wharf EVERY MONDAY. WEDNESDAY and
SATURDAY, at six o'clock p. n. RoturDs OF;
alternate days.
Single fare, first class 81 round trip, $3.50.
rOR THE LOWER POTOMAC.
The steamer JOHN W. THOMPSON will leave
her wharf EVERY SUNDAY and EVERY TUES
DAY, at 1870 a. NJ. for Lconardtown, and
EVERY FRIDAY, at 7:3O a. M, for River Land
ings as far down as Nomini. returning on alter
nate days. Fare so cents for any landing.
FOR NEW YORK..
STEAMERS E. G. KNIGHT AND >zs
JOHN GIBSON $500 $500
every WEDNESDAY, and returning leave New
York, from pier Al, East river, EVERY SAT-
URDAY.
The steamers Of thig company make connections
ct Norfolk for Boston and all points East; at New
Yoris with I'll points West and Northwest, and at
aloz@cc;iri With Virginia Midland Railway and
Washington and Ohio Railroad. Through rates
given ana freight handled carefully and promptly
For further information apply to
F. &. REED 8: CO., Agent,
Janncy's wharf
]. W. THOMPSON, President
1A1G T street,
sep27-tf Washington. D. G.
NLYDE'S STEAM LINE WEEKLY TO
PHILADELPHIA. 1919
Appointed sailing days from Alexa, II EV.
cry TUESDAY and from Philadelpb: EVERY
SATURDAY.
This line connects at Alexandria with the Vir-
ginia Midland and Washington and Ohio railroads,
and at Philadelphia with Clydc's regular Steam
ships.
Freight forwarded with promptno5s and care.
free of commissions.
No charge for transfer in Philadelphia. Quick
through bills of ladins given. Insurance ct tho
lowest rates.
Agents
F. 4. REED & CO., Alexandria.
VIM. T. CLYDE s. CO., Philadelphia
JOHNSON & CO., Wash. s. Ge.or ct II
jan9-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
gOEN w. PEAkE,
i AMES F. CARLIN & SONS,

JAMES F. CABIN & SONS,
NO. So KING STREET
ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA.
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
HARDWARE AND CUTLERY.
Builders Hardware, Locks, Hinges, Screws
DoorBolts, Latchos, &C., Saddlery, Hardware,
Bride Bits, Buckles, Rings, Hames, &C., &c,
Wheelwrights' Hardware, Axlos, Rims, Hubs,
Spokes, Sawed Fellows Tire Iron, &C., Pocket,
Table Carving, and Butcher Knives &c, Guns.
Pistols, &c. full and complete stock of frat
class goods away in store and sold at lowest caah
orices. sug15
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

STATE TAXEs.-Remembe you save
per cent. by paying your State taxes before
December 1st.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
Sold by all Druggists

VIRGINIA: In the Clerks Office of the Circuit
Court of the City of Alexandria, on tho 10Th
day of November, 1885.
Timothy Ryan,
VS.. In Cnancery.
John Mclean.
Memo: The object of this suit is to charge in
the hands of tho defendant as assets descended
from James II. Mclean, deceased, house and
lot in Alexandria, Va, in case certain realty OF
said plaintiff, conveyed to him by said James ID:
Mclean, with general warranty aad covenants OF
quiet possession aud freedom from membranes,
be held Liable for a certain ground rent now set
up against the same.
Thedefcndant, John o. Mclean, not having en-
tered his appearance and given security according
to the act of Assembly, and the rules of this
Court, and it appearing by affidavit that
he is not resident of this State: 1t is or
dered that the said defendant appear here with
in one month after due publication of this order,
and do what is necessary to protect his interest
in this suit and that copy of this order be forth
with inserted in the Alexandria GAZETTE, a news
paper published in the city of Alexandria, once a
week for four successive weeks and posted at the
front door of :!e Court House of this city.
copy tcste: JOHN S. BEACH. Clerk.
s. Ferguson Bcs CHI D. a. pov20-w4w
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
BRANCHES

LOUISVILLE dSlu NlhSIhHali "i'hN"S SH'H5S'
BRANCHES.
MANASSAS DIYISION-Daily except Sunday.
Westwa,d-I cave Washington 2:;'0 p. IN. Alex
andria, 2:5J p. m. Manassas -3:5S u. M. Ar
rive Front loyal G:32 p. NJ, Riverton 6:4l p.
M. Strasburg 7:O5 p. NJ. Accommodation leaves
Manassas al a. M. ArrTo Front Royal
1920 a. m Riverton 1855 a. m. Strssburg
11:3O a. m
Observation-Disclosures Strasburg Clio a. M. River
ton G3S &. M. Front Royal G:51 a. II. Ar.
rive Manassas OIL g. IN. Alexandria 1918 Il.
III. Washington 1910 Il. m. Accommodation
leave Strasburg 1900 noon. Rivcrton 1880
noon. Front ROYAL 1:2O p N: Arrive Manas'
saS 100 D. GlcZandrla S:oD p. III. WASH
ngton 9:15 p H.
WARRENTON BRANCH.
Trains Nos So 81, "a, and 80 connect daily at
Warrcrton Junction to and from Warren
ton. Trains Nos. SD, 50 and 50 daily, except
Sunday, to anc from Warrcnton. Train No.
80 docs not connect with Wsrrenton.
FRANKLIN DIVISION.
DAILY except Sunday. Leave Rocky Mount 700
a. IN. Arrive Franklin Junction 1920 4. II.
! Leave Franklin Junction 500 p. IN. Arrive
| Rocky Mount 11:3O p. n.
CONNECTIONS.
| At Orange with P F. & P R. R. for Fredcricks,
! burg. At Gordonsvllc ahd Charlottesville with
Chesapeake and Ohio Ry. for Richmond, Old
Point, Stanton, and points East and West, and
Virginia Springs. At Lynchburg with Norfolk
| and Western E. f. for Southwest Virginia,
! Bristol, Chattanooga, Memphis, Nashville and
| Knoxville and with Richmond and Allie.
| ghany r. II. for Lexington and Natural Bridge,
AS we'll as points Gu r. & A. L. Il. east OF
| Lynchburg.
| At DanvilIc with Richmond and Danvillc, 70.
| all points in the Carolinas, Florida, Georgia and
the South. At Rivcrton with Shenandoah Val
| ley r. Z. for Luray and Points in the Page Val
1nv bu with IN Raltimorn and OHM
| for Harrisonburg Winchester and points in the
! Shenandoah Valley.
All trains make close connections at Washing
! ton with through trains to and from the Nor.l!
| and West via both Penna. and b. & O. r. r.
Through tickets "t lowest prices to all import
| ant points in the United States This is the hest
line for points in Texas and California
For all information, tickets and Sleeping Car
reservations apply to agents of this company, or
J. 2. THOMPSON,
Assistant General Passenger Agent
Alexandria, Virginia
ROBERT ANDREWS, Supt. and Eng.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
PULLMAN SERVICE.

Trains Nos. so and 81, Pullman Buffet and
Sleeping Cars between Washington and Ne"
Orleans without change. Pullman Builct and
Slecpinc Cars between New York and Atlanta
without change. Mann Boudoir Cars Atlantis
to New Orleans via Bennington.
Train No. 30 makes close connection at Green's
boro with Sleeper to Ashcriie, n. C.
Trains Nos So and 53, Pullman Buffet and sleep
ing Cars between Washington and New Orleans
without change. Pullman Sleeping Cars be.
tween Vas hington and Augusta without change
TRAVIS Nos. sd and 50, Pullman Sleeping Cars
between Washington and Louisville withou:
change. Pullman Sleeping Cars between Char
lottesville and Cincinnati without change.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
s6KDWARE And CUTLERY.

D w. MALLS,
Iate of Peake & Nalls
DEALER IN
HARDWARE, CUTLERY, PAINTS, OIL, GLASS,
BUILDING MATERIAL, &C., &C.
S. E. corner King and Washington SITS.
Agent for NEVINS & cos. READY MIXED
PAINT, AND DAVIS, CHAMBERS cos.
PURE WHITE LEAD.
@E-Gooas delivered to all parts of the city free
OF charge. p. o. Box 293. feb2I-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

TREEN AND FIGURED SCRJI ZEN WIRE %,
VI 30 ard SO inches, wholesale and retail, at
81 King, corner of Royal stree t. You can buy
wire, and have Window end Door Frames made
of better quality, to cost no moro than the COM
mon Frames offered for sale in the city. Call and
sec. ]. r. CREIGHTON & SON.
led SO King, cor. ROYAL st.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

CONTINUED RUSHES at our store since the
~ announcement Saturday Of changing our bus
mess. PEOPLE will believe i'll low prices, and We
shall mako BOOTS and SHOES fly. Come and
see what We are doing. Now is your time and
chance to buy ch zap Boots aud Shoes.
oct27 -3m z. KAUFMANN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

John LANNON,
WHOLESALE
GROCER AND LIQ0UR MERCHANT
Corner Market ssre Get and Strand,
.,-,,-,,-, ,,-r5 AieH%9 .Idria, Virginia.
-AehNoi "! UNT'S SPORTING, MINING AMI
80 BLASTING POWDER.
* rul line Of celebrated puro old Whiskos.
Brandies, Gin, Rum, &C., Massey & Co.'S. Phila-
aelphia and Claggctt's Baltimore Aies, and Berger
s. Engcl's Lager Beer in casks or bottles.
Agent for the POTOMAC RIVER STEAMERS.
Orders promptly attended to and consignment
collected. myl-tf
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

COAL COAL,
We invite the attention OF dealers and co,l..
sumors to our large stock of CAREFULLY PEE.
PARED COAL of the following varieties
LYKEN'S VALLEY,
LORBERRY and
SHAMOKIN RED ASE
WHITE ASH Gree burning and hard) of stoani-
or broken, egg, stove and and nut sizes
Also GEORGES CREEK, CUMBERLAND aud
KANAWHA SPLINT, from West Va.
Making Coal q speciality wo aim to keep only
the HIGHEST GRADES, and having two large
Storage Yards, each variety is kept separate, amd
is specially prepared for family use.
Yards hoorcd, and ell Coal sent out WELL
SCREEND AND FREE FROM IMPURITIES.
Dealers, families, public institutions and man
ufactories supplied al lowest market rates-per
ton OF 2240 lbs. J. Z. ZIMMERMAN
Successor to T. J. Mchafey & Co..
my7 Wharf and Yards foot of Queen st
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
RfHRC.ApS.
VIRGINIA MIDLAND RAILWAY

VIRGINIA MIDLAND RAILWAY
THE GREAT THOROUGHFARE
BETWEEN THE
NORTH AND THE SOUTH.
THE ONLY LINE OFFERING A DOUBLE
DAILY PULLMAN BUFFET AND
SLEEPING CAR SERVICE,
Between Washington and New Orleans. Tins
line offers to the travelling public accommoda-
tions and facilities such as cannot be found on
any other line entering Washington.
This is the quickest line between New York
and New Orleans only 45 hours.
On and after SUNDAY, Novr Is, 1885, pas
scnger trains will be run as follows:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
B. HOOE,

DHILIP B. HOOE,
AGENT
Liverpool and London and Globe Fire ms Co
n. Y. Underwriters Agency Fire ms. Co.
Petersburg Savings and Ins. Co.
Fro and Marine ms Co.
Risks taken by these first class comp, mics st
current rates.
Losses settled promptly ana literally. feb7
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

CHANGE OF BUSINESS!
" CHANGE OF BIZ tSINESS!
Satisfy yourselves that We mean hat we say.
and do it, don't you forget it, Boz )Ts, SHOES
and everything in the way of RUB BtR GOODS
% per cent. cheaper than anywher else.
oct2I -:}m R. Is AIJFMANE
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

NUR DETERMINATION and preparations for
~ making an early change in our business will
benefit our patrons if they call early and be con-
WINGED that we hayo reduced figures on BOOTS
and SHOES to such slaughtering prices that they
will make you think and your heart believe.
oct27.3m E. KAUFMAN.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

TITY TREASURER'S OFFICE,
~ Room No. 3, Market Building,
Alexandria, Va. Nov. 10th, 1885.
lam now prepared to receive the State taxes
for the year 1885. All persons paying thoir bills
before December LIST. will save five per cent on
the amount Of their bills. On and after December
list FIVE per cent Will be added to all unpaid bills,
and their payment enforced according to law.
NJ. B. HARLOW
nov19-1Ot City Treasurer
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

r BRoDERs & CO..
Wholesale Dealers and Jcbbers in
GROCERIES, PROVISIONS, FLOUR, SALT
AND FISH.
A full limo OF celebrated pure old Whiskics,
Brandics,, Gin, Rum, &C., Massey &. Co.'S Philadcls
phia and Claggetts Baltimore Ales, and Berger &
Engels Lager Beer, in casks or Bottles.
Agents for Jame9 S. Kirk &: Cos. Standard
Soap, and for Tho Baltimore River Steamers.
Orders promptly attended to, and consignmen!a
solicited, No II King street.
my1-tf Alexandria, Va
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

DICTURE WIRE CORD, MOULDING, PIC
i ture Hooks, Picture Nails, Spool Flower
Wire and other goods in same line at SS King,
corner of Royal street.
led ]. t. CREIGHTON & SON. !
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

NRASS.-English Mixed Lawn Grass Seed
VI This is the proper season for sowing it. A
full supply on hand.
now E. S. LEADBEATER & BRO.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

NEW EASY LAWN MOWER, the best Mower
IN in tho market will perform the greatest
variety of work and costs but little money. Call
and SEQ them al JAS. F. CARLIN & SONS.
ie9 Alexandria, W.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

VIZ Z. JOHNSON G CO.,
WHOLESALE GROCERS.
GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
And Dealers in
ALL KINDS OF LIQUORS,
Have on hand GIBSON'S XIX, Xxx. XXXX
and PURE OLD RYE, OLD CABINET and
MONOGRAM WHISTLES; also BAKERS and
THOMPSONS PURE RYE WHISTLES, to whic5
they invite tho attention Of tho trade.
Orders from tho country for merchandise shall
receive prompt attention.
Consignments OF Flour, Grain and Country Pro-
duce solicited for which they guarantee the high.
est market prices and prompt returns.
Northeast corner of Cameron and Royal streets
sep14 Alexandria, Va.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

lin No. Train No.
so, 80,
ALLY. DAILY.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

&aulHGTUN, OHIO $50 VEST.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

VERY HEAVY PATENT STAYED reinforced
v seats, Canton Flannel Drawers. Sizes from
% to so inches at
nov12 AMOS B. SLAYMAKERS.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28
Ri. is;;sES

1909 II RIA 900.
1000 pESNSYLvaN!h ECiIEE iHN1
TO THE EOETU. WiI5J :ND stCTf. 49,
DOUBLE TEhCh, SIEE.. ..tf.'
SPLENDID -,'ENEHT
MAGNIFICENT EQUIPMENT
In effect November II, 1850.
rHro;.,r lnnrn y a., I'm, 49,.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1885-11-28

JTLAX TWINES of assorted numbers Cotton
L Irvine, Wool Irvine and Rope for wells and
other purposes. For sale at 50 King, corner Of
ROYAL. fmy27T ]. I. CREIGHTON & SON.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1885-03-25
Pomona and Capital.

Pomona Grange of Kennebec county,
Patrons of Husbandry, clasped hands
and joined hearts with Capital Grange,
this city, on Thursday last, and the re-
suit was one of the happiest days and
best meetings ever held by the county
grange since its organization. The day
was perfect one in every respect, for
the season, and at an early hour the
members began to arrive by teams and
trains, and at the hour of calling to or
der for the forenoon session, the large
hall of Capital Grange was completely
filed Over eighty horses were pro-
vided for at the various stables in the
city, besides many that were taken to
private stables. Thirty-two candidates
were instructed in the work of the fifth
degree. At the noon recess dinner was
served, and about three hundred twen-
ty-fve-not including the members of
Capital Grange-were victualed as fast
as the tables could be got in readiness.
We cut the above from Brother Board
mans Home Farm, of Augusta, Me-, to
show our Vermont grangers that Maine
is wide-awake. The master of the state
grange, DR.. Robbie, is governor of the
state. He was present at this meeting,
and charmed the large audience by an
admirable speech of twenty minutes
one of the best speeches the state mas
ter has ever made to the order. His
remarks were chiefly upon the question
of the Experiment Station, the bill Gre
ating which, just passed, was regarded
as triumph for the order of Patrons of
Husbandry." We used to think Yer
mont was far ahead of Maine in all ag-
ricultural matters, but the {" Pine Tree
State " has made some big jumps lately
to catch up.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1885-03-25
"Granger" Legislation, Again.
The Boston Cultiuator says:


The granger feeling is so strong in
the West that the railroads can have no
hope of mercy from the state legisla-
lures when they assemble. The farm
ers are poor, and they think the main
cause is the onerous transportation tax.
1t is the local rates of which the farm
ers complain. Where competition is
free to act, the rates of through freight
seem to be down to hard pan. 1t be-
hooves the railway managers to at
tempt to meet the farmers at least half
way, and not to force them to unwise
measures in securing their rights. 1t
will be many years before the trunk
lines will ever be able to exact as high
rates as they have in the past"
This is a lovely assumption for the
"leading " agricultural paper of New
England to make, isn't it? The rail-
roads had better not force them to
unwise measures in securing their
rights! What reason has the Guilt
GATOR to assume that farmers are likely
to take "unwise" measures for this
purpose? These city papers almost
universally seem to go upon the idea
that farmers are necessarily fools, and
cannot possibly frame wise measures
for their own protection. The fact is
that about all the wise and effective
legislation for the arrest of corporate
abuses that this country has so far had
has been framed at the instance of the
farmers. 1t has been sound enough to
stand the pressure of the ablest lawyers
the roads could hire, and to receive the
endorsement of the supreme court, and
it has been wise enough to win the APP
proval and respect of many of the ablest
publicists of the country. AT all events
it has been quite as skillfully framed as
the average of American legislation,
and quite as useful.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1885-03-25
A Vermont Cookery Book.

Did any of our readers ever see
little book of forty-two pages, entitled
" American Cooking, or the art of
dressing Viands, Fish, Poultry and
Vegetables, and the best mode of
making Puff-pastes. Puddings, Custards
and Preserves, and all kinds of Cakes,
from the Imperial Plum to Plain cake,
adapted to this Country and all grades
of Life, by an American Orphan. Brat
tleborough: Published by John Hol-
brook, 1871?
Miss Anna Aver, in a recent issue of
the Home Farm, alludes to this pioneer
cook book, and gives several extracts,
from which we take the following:
DIET BREAD.-One pound of sugar,
nine eggs, beat for an hour, add to four
teen ounces of flour spoonful of rose
water, one of cinnamon or coriander
Bake quick.
To make fine syllabub from the
COW: Sweeten quart of cider with
double refined sugar, CRATE nutmeg into
it, then milk your COW into your liquor;
when you have thus added what guam
tity of milk you think proper, pour half
pint or more, in proportion to the
quantity of syllabub you make, of the
sweetest cream you can get, all over it.
To preserve bush beans take half a
bushel of beans of suitable size and
age for eating green, string and break
them, then put them in cask, first
sprinkling in salt, then layer of beans,
and so alternately till the cask is full,
then add weak brine so as to cover
them; take out for use and freshen
twenty-four hours in water, often chang
ing it. Boil three hours in fresh water.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1885-03-25
Sugaring for Profit.

Mr.. Editor The season for sugar
ing will soon be upon us, and our
thoughts are being turned in this direc-
ton. The most profitable labor results
from systematic way of performing it.
There is system in all branches of bust
ness, even in farming, and why should
there not be in the sugar orchard? La
Dor is lessened in proportion as it is
systematized. Forty and fifty years ago
maple sugar was only made for its sweet
ening quality in domestic use (maple
honey, or molasses, was hardly thought
of them, but now it is largely made, and
sold, and used in its molasses state as
luxury. In those early years referred
to, color, quality and flavor were of but
little account, so no system was OBJ
served; cast-iron kettles were used for
boiling, and Eastwood troughs for catch
ing the sap, but perhaps these troughs
were only used by the poorer classes.
Then it mattered little how the sugar
was made, nor its quality, but now, as
the object of the manufacture of maple
sweets has so changed, it becomes nee
essary that more system be used in this
department of labor. To meet the de-
mand for luxurious use of maple
sweets we must have an eye to purity,
color and flavor, as these qualities
combined sell the article. To accom-
plish this, everything connected with
the handling of sap must be kept scrupu-
lousy clean. Sap should never touch
wood after leaving the tree; sap-spouts
should be made of some kind of metal,
sap-tubs should also be of metal; gath
ering pals of tin, drawing tubs and
storage should be lined with tin, All
kinds of wood in contact with sap de-
teriorates the quality except the maple.
Every kind of wood imparts its own
flavor. For instance, sap caught by
using poplar spouts will have poplar
taste. Sap should be boiled in evapo-
rators to hasten the work. Good wood,
dried under cover one year, will facili-
tate rapid boiling. Every sap-tub should
have cover to exclude all storms, sun,
air, and floating leaves, bark, sticks,