Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1885-11-22
HOW PAPER rs MADE.
A GLASS OF HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS
VISIT A PAPER MILL.

How Wrapping Paper is Manufactured
Simplicity OF the Machinery-Transfor-
nation of straw and Old ROpe--some
Historical Fla OTIS.
Cor. Western PI0tondH.
A week was spent in reading on the sub
ject and the class came ready for the visit
to the mill, which had been arranged for
them They were met by the foreman Of
the mill, who took them to the beginning Of
the work sour paper, said he, us made
of straw, old rope and refuse paper. Rye
straw is used, it being better adapted to the
purpose than any other and in fact the only
straw that is used to any extent II is
taken from the load and cut into pieces
about two inches long in straw cutter,
and then carried to the loft to be put in the
boiler which l shall soon show you. The
rope you see here" as he went to another
part of the room. ais put through this ma
chine and cut into small pieces The same
Is done with all rags that we use.
BOILING AND BEATING.
@Tbe next operation" said the foreman is
to boil the straw and rags. This il the
boiler" and he showed them hollow sphere
fifteen feet in diameter. "This boiler will
hold six tons Of straw. We put in it lime
and carbonate OF, soda, and force in steam
at a pressure of sixty pounds This takes
out all the silica and sottens the straw You
boys may have noticed where straw-pile
had been burned CLASSY substance This
is silica; it comes from the straw and must
be gotten out of it, before we can make
paper.
"The next operation, reducing the straw
or rags to pulp. is done in the heater
which is in the next room. You see it is an
oval tub about ten feet tong and five feet
wide. 1t is cut in two length wise by a par
tition that is about five feet long, leaving a
a space Of about three feet at each end.
Around this trough the pulp travels. On
one side you see cylinder revolving. Be-
tween this cylinder and ths bottom Oh the
tank the pulp passes. On the cylinler are
ribs, and these ribs tear the straw and rags
in pieces. The cylinder can be raised and
lowered, and thus as the pulp becomes finer
it passes through smaller space till it be-
comes fine enough. All the time the pulp
is in this tub fresh water Is being poured
on it and the dirty water drained off, All
the material is now reduced to fine pulp,
and is ready for making the paper.
SHEETS OF PULP.
} "The pulp is pumped into a box from
} which it flows TO this trough at this end and
: stream of water is forced in from below,
} so as to spread the pulp evenly over this
surface 1t flows now over this fine wire
surface through which the pulp drops, but
all sticks and dirt that have escaped so far
are held by the wire You see now these
two cylinders are covered with felt Each
runs at the edge Of a trough which has two
or three inches Of pulp in it. The pulp rests
against the cylinders and as they revolvs
the solid particles adhere to tho felt while
/ the water flows off. These thin sheets OF
pulp come together on the second cylinder
; and make one sheet of paper
"What remains to he done now is to press
out the water, dry the paper. and give il a
smooth surface And fir.t this paper passes
between rollers which subject it TO immense
pressure and squeeze nearly all the water
out of it. It then passes over q series OF
hollow cylinders filed with steam, which
dry it, and then tn the calendaring rolls.
7 These are heavy steel rolls, very smooth,
which subject it to great pressure and 10 for
it about what the sad-iron does to clothing,
smoothes it thoroughly. The paper that
you see here is used only for wrapping
paper. For finishing paper for writing or
fine book paper a sizing is used to give a
finer surface"
} SOME HISTORICAL FACTS.
The Egyptians used the inner banks of the
papyrus plant to write upon, the innermost
being the finest AMI the outer the coarsesk
At least four grades Of paper were mado
from this plant, the finest of which was
used only by the priests and could not DO
) sold till covered with sacred writing. In
making this piece of the bark was cut as
large as possible, AMI another piece put on
it so the fibres crossed each other. This
was done while the gum was yet In the
bark The pieces we're then pressed together
and dried in the sun. The Chinese made
PAPER as early as the beginning of the
Christian era and it Is supposed they used
cotton IN making though they did not use
rags.
The Arabans learned naper making from
the Chinese and carried it TO Spain. whence
It spread to France and finally to England
Cotton and linen rags were not used till the
twelfth century, as the art of reducing
them to pulp was not understood. It was
not till about 1850 that any paper was made
in England and the progress of the art was
very slow 1t was another hundred years
be ore that was done in England, and from
that time the growth Of tho manufactures
was very rapid All the pulp made up to
this time hal been pounded or stamped
but about 1870 the cylinder with blades
was invented by tthe Dutch. Il was
not long after this. perhaps about 1900, that
the Fourdrinier machine such as we have
seen. or rather the forerunner OF that we
have seen. was invented, and since that the
amount of paper made has increased an
nually. media il t1 uo lsalo
Fancy Ball Hair Dressing.
[rsIz% M
GA 40