davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
HOW THEY Vote.
Casting Of English and
Irish Ballots
In the Approaching Parlia-
mentary Elections.
John Boyle O'Reilly on
the Irish Leaders.
AClear Account Of the
Recent Reforms.
Old and New Style Of Bal
loting Compared,
Sketches of Ireland'S Lions
on the Stump.
Ireland's Electoral Gains Under
the New Regime.
Sketches Of Ireland's Lions
on the Stump.
Ireland's Electoral Gains Under
the New Regime.
Scenes at the Polling Booth
Twenty Years Ago.

The object of this article is to give full
and clear account of the new conditions
under which the elections in Great Britain
and Ireland are shortly to be held. To do
this, it is necessary to explain the precise
changes effected by the county franchise
act of last year called the Representation
of the People Act of 1884 and the redistri-
button of seats act of 1885.
The county franchise legislation, which
became law about the end of last year is
supposed to have enfranchised 1900, 900 of
voters.
The purpose of this act was to assimilate
the county to the borough franchise. The
redistribution of seats was necessary COM
plement to the extension of the franchise
AS the law now stands-persons rated to
the relief of the poor: persons occupying
land or tenements of the clear annual value
of e10; persons who have lived in a lodging
for year and have paid no less than e1O
per annum of rent; persons occupying by
reason of any service, premises in respect
of which an owner or tenant would be en-
titled to vote, provided that such owner or
tenant does not occupy the said premises,
are now entitled to be registered as voters
in the counties and boroughs. Under such
wide qualifications few can be excluded.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08

the grand total of 67O from the three king
doms will represent in the new parliament
constituencies that previously existed and
which have not been altered by the Glad
stone redistribution act.
Another marked departure from the old
system of election is the method of choos-
ing members in counties and boroughs
which have more than one member allotted
to them. Formerly in borough like Liv-
erpool. where three members had to be
elected, they were all three voted for on
the same ticket by all the voters of the Dor
ough. At the coming election Liverpool
and all other boroughs with more than one
member to elect will be divided into as
many electoral districts as there are men,
bers to be chosen, and each voter will be
entitled to vote for one member only in
that district of the borough in which he is
repiStered
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
Cheese and Cheesemites,

Saturday Review.
There is the Pendulum glaucum, which il
found in Roquefort and Gorgonzola cheeses.
Then we have the red cheese fungus. Oldtum
| aurantiacum. Some of these interesting
negotiations are raised by making bread of
wheat, barley flour and vinegar allowing it
to get moldy, and sprinkling few of the
modest crumbs in the curd that is to be-
| come cheese.
| In the apartments in which Roquefort and
| Gorgonzola are made ''the phenomenal" i.
e.. the fungus-is introduced as far as pos
sible.
| Continental cheeses are generally either
soft, such as Neufchatel; salt-soft, such as
Brie and Camembert; firm, such as Rogue
| fort. or hard pressed, such as Gruyere and
Parmesan.
| Roquefort is a sleeps milk cheese, and its
manufacture is both difficult and compli-
Gated. Camemberts are dried for three
weeks or month in carefully constructed
room with peculiar system of ventilation.
They are then ripened for about the same
| length of time in a curing cellar called
cave de perfection, where they are watched
and treated with the greatest care.
The formation of the white mold and the
development of the red spots on their sur
faces are observed with great anxiety, and
very lIUlG CIccSC ID UuluCA VI lClG
to circumstances.
The manufacture of Gorgonzolas is sin
gular. A curd is made in the morning and
another is made in the evening. and at each
making layer of the cold curd is laid be-
tween two layers of the warm curd, and,
as cold and warm curds Will never thor
oughly unite, minute interstices remain in
the cheese, in which, while it is maturing,
the green mold forms.
Parmesan is made in rather primitive
manner, and little saffron is mixed with
the curd, which is stirred with an instru.
ment called rotilla.
The very popular Gruyere is made of
cows milk, but it is not a ''wholly fat
cheese. The evenings milk is SKINNED on
the following morning and mixed with that
mornings milk. The rennet used is rather
weak. Careful pressing is of the utmost
importance in making cheese of this type.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
How the Vote is Taken Now.

The ballot act of 1872 reformed the old
procedure altogether. The writs requiring
the election of members to serve in parlia
ment are sent to the returning officer the
sheriff of the comfy, or the mayor or other
principal officer of the borough-and he is
required, in counties and diStricted Dor
oughs, to give public notice of date for
the election, and that date must be one not
later than nine days after that on which he
received the writ. He is bound to allow an
interval of three clear days at least between
the publication of this notice and the day of
election. He must give the required no
tice, too, within two days from the day on
which the writ reached him. In the smaller
boroughs, those not divided into districts,
the returning officer must see that the cleo
ton takes place within four days from the
day he gets the writ. giving two clear days
notice thereof as soon as he receives it.
The old hastings with its horse-play and its
absurd pantomime has given way. Nomi-
nations are now made on blanks furnished
for the purpose, and filed with the return
ing officer, that is, the sheriff of the county
or his duly appointed deputy, or the mayor
of the borough or his substitute properly
designated. The old viva voce voting is
also thing of the past, the secret ballot
having taken its place. Instead of the old
time polling booth, the voter goes to some
room, generally in public hall designated
by public notice, and there he finds num-
Der of little slips, sentry-box looking af-
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08

says ne Will COL
lect his sayings and publish them as Big
garisms," and ded cate the volume to young
Ireland, as all that an Irish politician ought
to know. Biggar is wretched speaker,
and very modest, with all his obstruction
tactics. He began to say, one day in the
house, every cock crows on his OWN
and he paused at the ugly word, and sub
stituted ''homestead'-which was enor-
mously effective. Il am speaking my
opinions here quite candidly," he
said on another occasion, address
ing Mr.. Gladstone, las candidly, in
fact. as if were addressing men in whom [
had greater confidence than in the present
occupants of the treasury bench" Even
Gladstone had to beam on the doughty lit
tie fisherman with smile.
No man is more popular in the Irish
gar, and when the new party with its ninety
members goes to London it will be well for
Ireland if there are many hearts as devoted,
as kindly and as true as beats in the bosom
of this queer little Belfast merchant.
Strange as it may appear, Healey and Big
gar, men the most unlike in person and
mind, represent in greater degree than
any other members, the forces of the Irish
Nationalist party-bridled passion, relent-
less persistence, audacity equal to the pur-
pose, and fidelity to Ireland which is not
merely rational, but blind, instructive, spir-
itual and controlling every power and emo
ton of brain and heart.
JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
Thomas Sexton.

the member for Sligo is one of Ireland's
strongest representatives and one of the
brave few who enabled Mr.. Parnell to carry
out the audacious and effective ''obstruc-
ton policy" The house of commons re-
CARDS Mr.. Sexton as it did MI. A. M. Sulli-
van, as great orator. He was born in the
historic and eventful year of '49, in the city
of Waterford. He is a journalist by pro-
fessi0n-a patient, earnest worker and a
writer and speaker of the most incisive
power.
1t was on an evening when Forster's CO.
ercion bill was under discussion that he
broke upon the house of commons as a
great orator. Forster had demanded and
carried coercion on instances of violence
alleged rather than produced. The famous
or Infamous Blue Book containing the de-
tails of the alleged crime was not pro-
duced for weeks after the passage
of the bill; and it was Cd the dssec-
ton of this Blue Book that Sexton
proved his extraordinary power. Another
member described the scene of his success
as follows: The house was, when he rose,
but ill-prepared indeed for such speech,
especially from an Irish member, and upon
a subject of which it was already sick to
death, and the final outcome of which was
as predestined as the procession of the
earth through the regions of the air. If
the writer, too, remembers rightly, the
physical circumstances of the moment
tended to increase the prevalent depression,
for it was dull, dark, dismal evening"
The house was therefore. listless, sombre
and but thinly filled when Sexton rose. He
spoke for two hours, not amid the enthusi-
astic plaudits which greet powerful expo
nent of great party's principles, but amid
chilling silence, interrupted occasionally by
the thin cheers of the small group of Irish
men around him; and yet, when he sat
down the whole house instinctively felt that
a great orator had appeared among them.'
Since that dav whenever Sexton rises to
speak the house listens. and many of his
speeches have been masterpieces. Sexton
is not the kind of great orator that we are
apt to associate with this description in
America. He depends little on rhetoric or
grace but everything on clearness, fullness
and force of argument. And vet he can be
passionate, with that most impressive
passion of quiet natures that has something
touchingly awful about it. From the be-
ginning of Mr.. Parnell's career Mr.. Sexton
has been probably of greater service to him
than any other man in Ireland. Long be-
fore he went to parliament, as a journalist,
his splendid support was invaluable In
the councils of his party he is always for
good sense and practicalty. ''Sagacity,"
says man who knows him well, lis the
very soul of his oratory." His judgment is
of inestimable value to his party and
country. He argues, fascinates and con-
vinces. ''Sexron's opponent" says an
English critic. might think that his argu-
ments were bad, that he was making the
worse appear the better reason; but all the
same. Sections vocabulary would so en-
snare him as to leave him powerless to
think or argue in reply. In short, Sexton
can do what he likes with words"
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
william, O,Brien.

the member for Mallow, is another young
Journalist, who stands in the front rank of
this marvellous group of Irishmen. He is
the editor of the irreconcilable United Ire
land, and probably the man that Dublin
Castle hates most bitterly in Ireland. 1t was
William O'Brien who tore the covering off
the social cesspool in which French, Boil
ton, Cornwall and kindred denominations
were disporting. He has driven the moral
reptiles out of Ireland as st. Patrick drove
the snakes, " said Aleck Sullivan of Chicago.
He is vast scholar. When he was in col
lege it was said as fact that he had read
every book in the college library, and re-
membered the best of all he had read He
is a strangely impressive speaker running
the gamut of the emotions, but never break
ing the thread of his argument. Men who
know him say he is likely to outgrow every
mar in the party. He has made his paper
power in Ireland and England, and he has
done it on high level. He has been in
prison, of course. ''If ever l met good
man in Ireland who has not been in prison, !"
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08

During those years of silent but unseen
growth, following the sacrificial seed-rime
of Fenianism. there was graduated in Ok
ford university young aristocrat who had
terrible blood in him, though as yet it was
as unconscious of its own quality as the bud
is of the flower or the egg of the eagle. He
was a cousin of an English peer. Lord
Congleton, and of an old Irish nobleman.
Lord Powerscourt. His grandfather was
speaker of the last Irish house of commons.
a man whose patriotism in resigning that
Office rather than be party to the death of
his country's life earned for him the title
of The Incorruptble. On his mothers side
this young Oxford graduate had the blood
of the Boston Tudors, and his grandfather
was Admiral Stewart of the An erican navy.
Old Ironsides.
Dangerous blood mixtures these for an
English subject to have in his heart, and
doubly dangerous if that subject be an Irish
man.
This graduate of Oxford. cousin of Eng
fish and Irish peers, descendant of Irish
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08

SIR NJ. II. BEACH. any day that John
Dillon will arise in Westminster and earn
a cell in the tower by some terrible out
burst of denunciation and treason"
Michael Davltt has defed the English
government so often and has so nobly
borne years of Imprisonment that they
fear to arrest him again, because of the SYM
pathy he has won even from the English
people. Davitt's self-selected position is a
superlative proof of patriotism. He wants
no pOsition-will take none. He stands
outside as a judge and opposition, as the
voice of the common people," as warn
ing to the politician who may incline to for
get that he represents an urgent cause.
The freedom of Davitt from all trammels of
organization, his clear vision and extraordi-
nary political sagacity. together with the
unqualified confidence of the people in his
integrity, constitute him kind of devoted
watchdog of the peoples cause. If Eng
land were looking for the two Irshnen
that she ought to hang, for her own sake
and to affiict Ireland, she would probably
select John Dillon and Michael Davitt.
Michael Davitt is the founder of the
Land league; and it may be worth stating
here that the outline of this great move
ment was first enunciated by him in the city
of Boston. In the Office of the late DR.. Joyce,
the lamented poet, Michael Davitt read
his program of the Land league Organiza-
ton, there being present DR.. Joyce, John
Dewey and the writer of this sketch. A
month later he delivered the same speech to
a great meeting in the County Mayo, where
$4,000 farmers agreed to stand by the prin-
ciples of the land agitation.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08

other slips close by, planked up on two
sides and furnished with writing desk,
pen, ink and blotter. Here, screened from
observation, the voter takes out his blank,
puts cross thus (X) oppositd the name of
the candidate for whom he desires to vote,
folds it in the envelope, seals it and drops
it in box which looks very much like an
ordinary mail box. This done, he walks
off, his duty done, and nobody the wiser,
unless he sees fit to tell them. The polls
are open from a. m. to p. m, instead of
being closed, as formerly, at p. m. There
are no longer any hourly declarations of
the state of the poll. The vote is not
figured until it is all in, and then, within an
hour or so. it is easily ascertained and an
nounced by the returning officer-much
more easily than with u.s. because there are,
as rule, only two candidates votes, and
never over four, to be footed up. The vot-
ing for members of parliament is done en-
tirely apart from that for county, city,
town or other local officers, so that the
count of the ballots is very simple matter.
AS the returning officers have discretion
in fixing the days for the election, it fol-
lows that the $40 members will not be
chosen on one day, but in patches of from
80 to $50 per day for five or six days in sue
ceSSiOn.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08

he was born while his father was in prison
in 49," True; his father, the courtly John
Blake Dillon, was one of the heroic
Young Ireland party who sowed the seed
of sacrifice in 184S. In the house of COM
mons. when the solid English squires see
this man arise to speak, he looks to them like
a figure from the canvas of Fra Angelica.
They cannot choose but hear; and while
they listen he chains them with a passion
ate eloquence till his fierce denunciations
are done.
John Dillon has in him the material for
martyrdom. In another age he would
have walked with Robert Emmett to the
scaffoId. So long as he is asked to sit in
an English parliament he is in danger. 1t
is probable that no man in Ireland is SO
tenderly loved by the people as John
Dillon
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
Justin Mccarthy,

the member for Longford, is the vice presi-
dent for the Irish Nationalist parliament
airy party. The English speaking world
knows him as the historian, essayist, nov
elst and journalist. His social life in Lon
don is among the most eminent thinkers,
poets, scientists and statesmen of the time.
His son, Justin Huntley Mccarthy, the
member for Athlone. is also winning high
distinction as novelist and dramatist. All
that the world had to give-eXcept the love
and pride of the patriot-this father and
son had before them if they turned their
back on Ireland. 1t is the quality of sac
rifice which has bound the parliamentary
party together, and which constitutes their
chief strength in Ireland.
Justin Mccarthy is one of the 'old'
members of the party, and he is only 55.
He has two children, the son named above
and a daughter, who is also an intense SYM
pathizer with the party.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
JUSTIN MCCARTHY.

patriots and American rebels and heroes,
was Charles Stewart Parnell.
What led him into politics? Why did
this cold, calm youth, with the features
clear cut as marble, who was rich, highly
connected, scholarly, studiOus, reserved
why on earth did this man rush into the
turmoil of politics, and Irish politics at
that, and still worse the popular side of
Irish politics? Fate led him; nature and
the genius of his country guided him; he
was born with the hunger IN his heart to
take up the Irish thread where his brave
old grandfather, Sir John Parnell, dropped
it hundred years ago.
And more marvellous still than Parnell's
patriotism was lrelands recognition. 1t
was the mother knowing her son by the
look in his eyes and the touch of his lips on
her cheek. From the first there was no
doubt or misunderstanding between them.
The passionate heart of Ireland lay restful
under the calm touch of the cool hand.
Parnell is the complementary part of Ire
land.
Beautiful as the noblest poem this recog-
milton and reciprocity of love and devotion.
Out from the ranks of his class. from the
luxury and cultivation and honor and emol-
ument, the young man stepped and took his
place with the poor. the scorned, the I'M
fashionable, the rebelouS. He received
nothing but derision and hatred from his
! class; but he was wrapped round with the
love and blessing of his poor country. Ire
land kissed him when he went to prison for
her sake; and this kiss from mother to son
is one that is never forgotten.
1t is interesting to recall here an instance
related by Mr.. Thomas Flatley last week at
the meeting in Faneuil hall, which shows
the nature of the Parnell stock: lover
one hundred years ago great American
statesman was in the Parliament hall in
College Green, when Ireland had its own
parliament, advocating then for America
what we tonight, here in Faneuil hall, are
advocating for Ireland. The name of that
statesman was Benjamin Franklin, and in
his hearing, and in the halls of the Irish
parliament. when the message OF King
George of England was sent over command
ing levy of troops from Ireland against
the American people. the chancellor of that
Irish parliament stood up and said not a
farthing or man would be voted by an
Irish parliament against the American peo-
pie. The name of that chancellor was Sir
John Parnell.''
In the coming elections Ireland will GER
tainly elect eighty Nationalist members to
follow Parnell-perhaps ninety. He is sup
ported by the. whole country, except the
landlords, the British officials and the
Orange 'carpet-baggers" Insignificant
minority. A Protestant himself, he has
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
- I ers without any cash,
DOUF u Advertise for change of hash.
TIRE f DAYS.

Three golden days of summer weather,
OF sunny sea and purple heather
Freedom for just little space
To gaze upon each others face;
Three golden, perfect days.
Refreshment in life's weary round,
TO tread awhile enchanted ground;
Together, in the heathery chine,
10 lie beneath the odorous pine
Three golden, perfect DAYS.
Together now, so soon to part,
deathless love in either heart;
What wonder that our lips should meet
In burning kisses, dangerous, sweet,
Those golden, perfect days.
Adieu, bright days! adieu, fair shoreI
We hear each others voice no more;
We drag our customary chain,
And neer for US shall dawn again
Such golden, perfect days.
London World.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
Joseph C. Biggrr.

the member for Cayan, u.s. in the words Of
one who knows him, IAN ironclad in
breeches." He is a small man. with some
deformity of the spine. He speaks with
strong Ulster accent" He was the stormy
petrol of obstruction-indeed, he was the
master-spirit and the father Of that aston
ishing process of helping reform. 1t was in
April, 1875, that Joe" Biggar discovered
his own power; and he had no sooner done
so than he used it to such effect that the
English members sat aghast at the conse-
QuenceS. No man can ever tell what was in
Mr.. Biggar'S mind when he rose to speak
that night; but he had seen that no Irish
member was listened to, and he resolved
that this should stop. He rose and spoke
on and no one listened: he kept on till the
attention of the house was attracted; he
proceeded calmly and smilingly while the
English members howled themselves hoarse
and at last sank back in CONSERVATION and
wrath; for five long hours Biggar made
speech" He sailed scathless amid the
groans, Kisses and bowls like an ironclad
among rfemen. 1t must have been while
he spoke that the light dawned on him that
he had discovered tremendous force. He
has the most imperturbable of humors. He
is not wearisome merely to the English
members, he is eXasperating beyond meas
ure. He so keenly enjoyed his power dur
ing the Constructed" debates that he at
once became chief feature and favorite Of
the Irish party, and probably the average
English member hated him more than they
did Parnell-for Biggar rasped them,
watched them, interrupted them, openly
cried Hear, hear" at absurd moments
while Parnell never saw them or listened to
them.
Mr.. Biggar is wealthy man and a rigid
teetotaer. "Biggar has voice like corn
cake,' said 7. P. OConnor to the writer;
but he is one of the bravest and truest
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-11-08
9. s. PARNELL.

The old property qualifications, however, in
the counties are not abolished, and persons
who were entitled to vote under these are
not diSfranchised. Persons possessed of
freehold property of the value of 40 shil-
lings, or of copyhold and leasehold property
of the clear annual value of 5e5, are still
entitled to be registered in the counties.
With this not very important exception
the parliamentary franchise can be gen.
orally described as household suffrage.
The electors for the universities are
those who have taken their master of arts
deprae