, 1885-07-31
TECHNICAL SCHOOLS.
THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH ENABLES
ONE TO EARN BREAD.
An Inv~-tigating Committee Looking
After the Theory and Practice OF In
dustriai school. ON tho Cont.
nent-E Exam pies Of Note.

isirah H. so,t,n ia The conrresationnli.t
No person visits England without being
deeply Interested in her schools for tech
meal or industrial education. This is com
pamlivcly "A Lew matter with her. Al her
great exposition In London. in 1851.
largely the result Of ! rince Alberts fore.
sight and energy. England led the world
in textile fabrics. and doubtless in
machinery. Eleven years later. at u second
world fair in London. she discovered
that the outside world was making great
progress. and ut the exposition in } arts in
50. she found herself outdonc by French
aud German looms and by the iron aud
sleel Industries Of belgium and crlin.
Al once she sent an investigating com
mittee 10 the continent. who found tech
uical schools at every large Industrial cen
Ter. supported by state or city. There
every boy or girl could learn the theory.
or the practice. or both. of the trnde or
profession 10 be followed for a livelihood.
aris had nearly 100 free art schools for
adults. most Of The pupils being working
men, The College de France and the
Conservatory DIES Arts ct Meters were
thronged by workingmen and women.
eager to hear the free lectures In social
and physical science, biology. mathe.
MATES and languages A large amount
OF money was given for workshops in
connection with primary schools. The
committee found another admirable thing.
viz. That in French schools of every
grade corporal punishment is absolutely
unknown.
Since 1867 Paris herself has made great
studies in industrial education. In the
primary school of the ! ue Tournefort, the
children begin to learn drawing, carving,
~1oiners or smiths work, from their 9th
year. The school hours are from 8 to q;
In the higher classes the work in the shops
consume eighteen hour per week. ON
leaving school tho pupils can earn 81 a
week. Twenty three primary schools have
workshops attached. and twenty.tw
others are in preparation for combining
mental and manual instruction. The lat
ter is usually optional. given before and
after school hours
Several Of the municipalities Of France
have established free public apprentice.
ship schools. where children. after leav-
ing the primaries. can receive practical
instruction In the trades for three years.
besides advancement in other branches.
In the summer they visit industrial estab-
lishments and give descriptions of them in
writing. AT the beginning Of the second
year of the course they select their trade.
The enter school at a. IN. and leave at
p. m, six hours In workshop and four
in school. will two for dinner and recre.
alton. usually in gymnasium. On leav-
ing. the pupils can earn from 81 TO 81. so
per day. ar,s has found that money
spent To make meu and women self sup
porting Is a safeguard against crime. As
the trades will not usually receive young
learners. arts has solved the matter by
her escellent apprenticeship schools.
The trouble in our own country has
been that our technical schools. provided
through private gifts generally, are not
free, and. therefore. cannot reach those
most needing assistance. The stale must
eventually take the matter in hand, Civ
ing US not only free schools, but free
books. and free opportunities to learn how
TO earn "A liv ng England ascertained all
these facts aud more in Germany and
switzerland. aud pr0tited by them In
1siE she established Yorkshire college at
ceds. with classes in mathematics, Ian
guages, chemistry, geology. engineering.
C al mining. weaving, dyeing, etc. with
evening schools and popu ar lectures for
The people. at the low price of 4 cents
each Weaving sch OILS were begun at
Huddrrsied and Glasgow, and me
chanigs Institutes were opened in variou
parts OF the country.
was fortunate IN b ing present at the
grand opening Of Bradford technical
NNAbkAf 81 hAt - A1N~s LlddlOIu Is llJ
center Of the wooden trade. and. with 0
population Of a little over POO. 900. pays
an income tax on $40. O0O. 900. Tho prince
aud princess of Wales had come from
london by special ullman train. Houses
were decorated with banners. aud trium.
hai arches spanned the roadway. AT the
station the platform was draped with
crimson cloth. surrounded by a beautiful
canopy Of flowers. The procession of
lord mayors. members of parliament. trade
societies, cavalry. artillery. and in.
fantry made m imposing pa cant The
prince opened The door OF the elegant
school building, Ita ian Ia style, with
great central tower. with a key OF gold
and silver nearly a loot long. bearing his
arms and the words. ~ abOr omnia vincit "
ari0us guilds contributed largely &C.
the building fund. while wealthy manu-
f%acturers gave plants Of machinery aud
scholarships. Bes dies a public hall the
building contains an industrial museum
where the products of the arts and trades
are shown. chemical laboratory. library.
art department and model mandatory.
exhibiting all the processes Of combing.
spinning. weaving and dyelng.