The Sunday herald. [volume] (Washington [D.C.]) 1866-1887, 1885-05-24
FOREIGN NOTES.

after being mounted In position on board ship, be-
lleye, IN 1850. 1t has fred eehty.sx rounds up to
serve, ION loan TO Shoeburyness for an experiment
against armor plates) The reserve gun Is OF the
fonr in the lnnexibe, two In Dover Tufret-and he
yond this there are two reserve guns. 10 refine the
damaged gun Will not cost more than cloo.n
The manner In which the war with France was
brought To an end has strengthened greatly the
war party In CHINA. 1t Is Russia that they propose
10 turn upon next, and they demand n lelmtation
OF the Russian Empire on their side For years
past the Russian line has come further down the
eastern coast OF Asia, until II IL moi very distant
from Pekin. This makes the Chinese more sensi-
tive Than did French aggression IN Ionquln. Iekin
bew nj II Is lie onY means me- Of ,cqnv me n"cy
OF the ruling caste. And to Pekin the russians are
most too near for Chinese comfort 1t is doubtful
whether the rhmors OF an impending war between
Russia aud England suggested this new move on
China's part. Conceit aud cunning are 80 nearly
balanced In the character OF the Chinese that 1t Is
hard TO say which of the two Ia uppermost at any
one time: Their cunning would suggest use OF
conce a non tns ewo ~ hn
q match for Russia without Englands aid.-7he
Week, Toronto
Col. Malleson In writing ON " lIerat, the Granary
and Garden OF Central ASIA" says: "lt is easy to
understand why a Russian Hcrat--that Is Herat
possessed by powerful and ambitious power al
ways enargng its b0rders-must ever be n standing
menace to llndustan. The fruitful and fertile val
ley Of the neriRud furnishes new base IN which an
march southeastward In that valley all the munl-
tons OF war can be produced or be manufactured
The willow and the poplar flourish; mines OF lead
nothing across long sterile, and sandy deserts The
iron and the lead are there. the sapetre is there,
The charcoal is there, the corn, the wine and the oil
are there, the horses there and in very short
time she could drill the hardy population into such
with the SiSSs of he Panab and the atnans OF the
frontier. But that Is not all. Secure In fertile
country which provided all the supplies requisite
for her army; possessed, by the occupation of Hera,
of the markets of Central Asla-a magnificent trade
from which England would thus forever be ex-
cluded-Russla could afford: to wait while she put
In practice In the native courts and the bazaars OF
industan those devices In which she Is proficient,
aud which she has worked 80 successfully In Bul,
| there would be no peace for the people Of India
The English in that country would live In continual
fear of the intrigue which corrupts native soldiers,
| which wins over native allies, Which makes every
| man doubtful OF the morrow.
The Marquis of Salisbury lately made powerful
political address at Hackney, in which the conduct
OF the foreign affairs of the Empire by the British
Ministry was the subject of scathing analysis.
| There were many passages OF sarcasm well worth
quoting. Among other things he said: "'rhe truth
Is, we have suffered In estimation throughout the
world, and that the position of our country In the
| esteem OF men ia not what IL That fault has
not come because we are weaker; 1t certainly has
not come because our soldiers have fought less gal
Field Marshal Moitke Himself confessed, but il has
come because for the last four years an incurabe
| indrmty OF purpose has marked every step of our
policy of the government No, do not differ
from the policy of the government more than differ
| [laughter.l My objection is not to the way the
drunken man IL going, but that he will go this way
and that way In the operation. that he Will never look
before his nose, and that he will tumble into every
ditch and run his head against every lamp-post, and
because object to his proceeding on that account
| am to he told that am TO ind another direction
that is better for him to take. do not want him to
change his direction; want him to become sober
| instead OF drunk; and so 1 say that wish her
Majesty's government not so much to change their
policy as to abandon that inrinty of purpose which
| has marked every act. Many men have
eaten the lcek, but these are the first ministers who
carefully grew and watered the leek In order that
| they might eat It,"
| Gen. Ze!enOy, who was appointed by the Russian
government their commissioner for the dellmitaton
OF the Afghan frontier has contributed an account of
Afghanistan to the Caucasian section of the Russian
| Geographical Society, of which the following pas
sages relating to Herat are the more interesting
1.-THE most fertile district OF the whole Iranian
plateau Is Herat, with Its excellent soil and
| rivers. The harvests there are always good, and
there two in the thatthey reap forty grains
for one sown. In another paper on nerat we have
described the grains and fruits which abound there
There two crops of tobacco year, and opium IL
brought there from India by the route of Candahar
The cotton IS Of two knsWhlte ana brown me
| to India, and even to England. The horses OF the
Hazaras are famous and superior even to those OF
the Turcomnns The SILK is only used for local
purposes, but the iron and lead are exported.
Herat Is the centre of the commerce OF India
Persia, the Caspian Sea, Orenburg, and Sainarcand
From it the routes start for Candahar, Mehsed
| Sestan, Merry. and Maimena. II Is said that the
route from Hera to Mesed Is suitable for carriages
which ought to be true, seeing that the Persian
troops have several times traversed 1t with artillery
Herat, like all Afghan towns and even villages, Is
surrounded by wall made out of dry clay of which
each side Ia about mile and the height nearly forty
feet. The ditch Is full of water, and the English
ted gas in is The , six gates
tremity is citadel built of bricks named Chakhal
Bagh. Water is brought there from the Herr Rud.'
Gen. Zelenoy.then quotes what Connolly wrote abOu
Herat; and concludes with the proyerb prevalent il
Khorasan, that ''if the soil of Ispahan, the COO
breezcs Of Herat, and the waters of Ilhwaresn
could be united together man would never die"
Sir Henry Layard says in the Contemporary Re
pie,C: "The ancient policy OF England In maintain
ing the integrity and independence of the Turkish
Empire was founded upon the conviction that 1t wa
Of importance to this country to have in the east
Erope ana n As rSwer sl ra !" !" me n6o
her MahOmmedan population. and at the same tim,
a sufficiently strong state TO maintain It's rule In III
East, and to prevent that Empire from falling Il
pieces 1t was felt that II that great Empire did fa
to pieces, Powers that might be hostile to England
would pront by lis dissolution and obtain an acces
sion OF strength which would be dangerous to III
interests OF England. This was the policy whicl
> was pursued by the greatest of English statesmen
from the time OF Lord Chatham dOwnwards. Thi
was the policy of Lord Palmerston and o
those who succeeded him, until Mr.. Gladstone be
came the head OF the Government Mr.. Gladstone
to be determined 10 reverse that policy
Before he came into ONCE 1t is well Know
he did his utmost by his speeches and writ
ngs TO excite strong feeling in England agains
the Sultan and the Turkish people and against Lor
Beaconsfeld, who considered 1t In the interests o
England to follow the policy OF those who had gon
before him. This policy cannot be called, as
Inc II he only followed the example and traditions O
all English statesmen up TO that time. The anici
pations of most statesmen AS to the consequences
the breaking up OF the ottoman Empire have bee
fulfilled. we now see that the dismemberment la
commenced, that already large part OF what iol
Into the hands of Russia or at least virtually passe
under her sway and influence"
"The Ottoman State" says Bldckicood'S Mage
zine, has been her own enemy In the first place
hut the nations have been hostile to her too, an
n very forward In hostility has been Britain of LAT
: years. denOuncing and revlng her, and setting he
y enemies upon her. Nobody In those islands though
probably that Turkey could ever again he OF any "a
| count; she was only q thing 10 thank God on. Bu
somehow, AZ II to teach US how vaneless are OF
dispositions and forecasts, and how enduring Al
great national tendencies, we see Turkey not by an
action OF her own, but by the operation OF force
which none OF us can control, raising her mead one
| more as Il nation not utterly insignitcant-as Oh
| whose alliance may be well worth securing. Such
state of things might easily have been ioreseen
had not been wtuly and obslinatey blind to u
| perception OF II, for the elements out OF which
has arisen are neither new nor hard TO be discovers
natural enemy and rival. She ihat Ia Turkey
conveniently situated and possesses many facilities
| among the rest u numerous ana brave army-fl
making herself felt on that enemys frontier, II 81
ID had hut the sinews of war wherewith to make h,
| other advantages available, but these sinews nj
| has not. on the other hand, England, haviI
the same natural enemy, cannot, for gcograpl
| cal reasons, easily make an impression on tn
| enemy's frontier. Though she Possesses none
ships, arms, ammunition, stores, and brain power
direct an attack, she Ia short OF the man-powe
without which all her other qualities are unavailin
;, She has got Just what Turkey wants. turkey Ia
got lust what Britain wants. Together they ca
assai, with excellent chance OF success their con
: mon foe Thus, In this regard Turkey Is the con
y | pement OF England These things being 3d. are N
Inc two nations pressed 10y power of grayitatio
as 1t were, TO act together? The Instinct of sci
preservation must impel both OF them In that dire
ton. We have Russia ut the very gates OF Britt,
India; Turkey has Russia Oh more than one fronile
watching only, as Turkey well knows, favorab
opportunity OF taking another slice OF the Ottoma
Empire, perhaps Consantinople Itself. The Turkii
Y army paid, clad. armed, aud partly onlcered by n
British, could attack Russia ON the coasts OF Il
\ Black Sea and on the Armenian frontier. TIL
n would weaken, perhaps paralyze, the Russian II
j vance ON Afghanistai, aud probably result In gre
advantage 10 both the allies The arguments Il
union are 10 patent and 20 strong that, sooner
later It hardly fail TO take place. The vile Tur
The abhorrcd Turk! Yes he isnot altogether mic
hut we Brlt0ns have AZ present great poverty
friends, and poverty makes one acquainted wi
strange bedfellows. This seems to he our fa
whether we ike II or pot-lo light again alongsi
of the Turk"
The astute writer of foreign editoriaia In the N.