, 1885-07-28
ANcIgNr 40 MODERN pgRu.
The Grandeur Of the inca Empire -rhs
Misery of To-day.

iAANh- 'ANH AttfA RNAHhsA
The Peruvian army is made up mostly
races are called. and are brought
with ropes. 4 train-load Of these
volunteers came in from the
country the other day, all Of them
with their hands tied behind them, and
were driven into a corral, like 30 many
cattle, where they were given uniforms
and guns and put through a course of
sprouts. IL is of little interest to the
Indian on which side he fights, for he
knows nothing about the political trou-
bios Of the country, AMI serves any
commander who happens to capture
him, like n mule or n horse, until he is
shot or runs away. They are obedient,
tractable, and enduring, and although
those who know enough will cut off
hands and feet to avoid service
in the army, their mutinics always orig
mate with the officers, who are Spanish.
lobertson IN his History of America
asserts that 40, 00O,O 600 Of people werc
slain in the conquest OF Peru. While it
is difficult to believe that this is not an
exaggeration, il is nevertheless true that
the mere handful of Indians that re-
main represent n race which, at the
time Pilarro came, was as dense as tho
population of China. We can see, even
now, that the country was covered with
towns and villages, who were compelled
TO bury their dead in the sands, and
build houses upon the rocks in order to
utilize every inch of soil for agriculture.
The struggle the Indians had to sustain
themselves is illustrated on every noun
tain side, where they built terraces and
scratched the earth out of the crovices
of the rocks to plant a few grains of
corn; and in every desert where
great basins were cxcavated in tho
sand and hlled with guano from the
islands OF the sea TO make them fertile.
Their cemeteries contain millions OF
bodies-mummies, which are found to-
day in a perfect state of preservation,
and teach n lesson Of civilization which
has been and passed away, superior in
its age to that of any prehistoric race.
No man can see Peru without WON
dering at the grandeur, the extent, the
industry, and the intelligence Of the
Inca empire. They had arts which the
world has forgotten; knowledge which
the world never knew; thrift which
their %conquerers could never initiate,
and wealth which made them the prey
OF every adventurer of the sixteenth
century. Their temples and palaces
were built of hewn stone from quar-.
ries that the Spaniards have not been
able to discover, and the means by
which they lifted blocks of gran
ite weighing hundreds OF tons Ia a prob
lem no antiquarian has been able to
solve. They knew how to harden cop
per until il had al edge as keen and en-
during as the finest of modern steel
they made ornaments of gold and silver,
and cut jewels as skillfully as the lapi-
diaries Of to-day, and their fabrics of
wooden and cotton are spun and woven
as smoothly as modern looms can make.
They surpassed modern civil alton in
many things, and had a system of gov
eminent under which millions of people
lived and latored as a single family,
with everything in common, knowing
all arts but those of war, and Worship
ping a deity whose attributes were
almost parallel to those of the Christian
God.
Hemmed in on one side by the impas-
sable SHOWS Of the Andes, and on the
other by a desert, lifted above the rest
Of a world unknown to them, in spirit
rs well as fact, as peaceful and
calm as the Andean stars, they
established a system of civilization in
which, fol- the first time since creation,
the equal rights of every human being
were recognized and observed. Tho
great sea beating necessarily against
their desolate coast was recognized by
them as a symbol Of tho infinite, the
omnipotence, whose force and majesty
their simple logic could not comprehend;
while the sun, whose heat and light
made existence possible, was recognized
as the source of all good. Hence these
two elements, the sun and the ocean
We're %personied and were the objects Of
the lncas' worship.
All their grandeur, all their wealth,
the results of all their industry and ac-
cumulation, were swept away by a
handful Of S~paniards, and finally life
itself surrendered, and the race Of lncas
was so nearly exterminated that Chi
nese coolies were introduced here, rs
the negroes were introduced into the
West Indies, to do the work Of slaves,