, 1885-03-22

Our illustration shows on the left the pupa,
or insect In It's chryEalis state; ON the right
the maggot itself. They look much alike.
The mnggot Is white, sometimes with a
greenish tinge, and about one-ffth of an nch
long. At it, head, plainly seen, are two black
hooks. With these the creature gouges and
tunnel our rich, mellow autumn apples
through and through. Unless his career Is
stopped he will soon get into every orchard
Ia the country.
For large apple trees, the best distance
apart Is 30 feet In all directions. For those Of
the largest size, In a deep, strong soil, 40 feet
Is not too much. In planting your orchard,
prepare the ground first by subsoil blowing.
IL Is not enough 10 dig a place and chuck tho
nursery tree into IL, roots doubled up, M
though your young fruit bearer was a wooden
post in a posthole. A growing tree is some
thing very different from a fence post In
places half way between north and south,
where late frosts are apt 10 come unexl ectedly
and ruin all, never plant your orchard where
il win have a southerly or eastcrly exposure.
A northern hillside Is best. Many OF the best
farmers now plant a belt Of quick growing
forest trees OF OF evergreons as a wind break
on the north side OF their orchards. You
may plant your apple trees either in late fall
or early spring. An old orchardist says: at
is better to ave one tree well planted than
three planted badly, and more fruit may be
anticipated within the first ten years, II not
forever, from the first one than from all the
others Lack OF pruning and want OF fertil-
ixing and cultivation will speedily make bar
rem fig trees OF the best young apple sprouts
nature can make. An apple tree Is not a pro-
duct Of nature exactly, as has been well said.
1t is the result largely of domestication and
culture by man. twill not, therefore, thrive
II left to itself, like q forest tree. Its soil
must be enriched and its branches kept
trimmed constantly. Pruning should be done
regularly yearly. No method Of pruning,
either, Is better thar pinching off undesirable
buds when the trees are young. This method
avoids wounding the branches. There is
scarcely a more discouraging task before the
farmer than 10 climb into the trees Of a stub
born, neglected old orchard and attempt TO
thin out its thickly grown branches with AK
and saw. He ruins his temper, tears his
trousers, and makes his bones ache for weeks.
All this may be avoided by watching the
trees rs II they were real living beings, cut
ting back the growth whore they run to
wood and height, and thinning out the
branches and making the tree look ship-shape.
Attend TO them every year and they will not
get ahead Of you. The apple tree wants sun
light and air in all its foliage, or Il viii not
~ " wv n Nn1ALA~1H AEIttD ALAAAOA hNNA
fruit. The difference between fruit buds and
wood buds, the methods Of budding, grating,
etc, are things every farmer knows already.
If be does not, the sooner he finds out the
better. His nearest neighbor can probably
tell him.
There has been much discussion about which
Is the best season for pruning. As a matter
OF fact, II may be lone at any time during
the season when the tree Is at rest. Bot II an
old orchard has been neglected for any reason,
10 that there are in II trees which require the
looping of Of large branches, that Is best
Ion in May or june, when the growth Of tn,
tree is vigorous The Htumps OF the limb
thus left bleeding must be thoroughly covered
with grating wax.
We have been at some pains to find a list Of
the best kinds Of apples for the farmer tc
plant in a mixed orcherd for home and mar
ket use. For n market apple for fall and
winter, no apple Is more desirable than the
Rome Beauty. IL Is a surer, fuller bearer
than most other sorts. IL also keeps in sounder
condition For cooking purposes, no apple
could be better. But for eating raw, In some
seasons IL is rather dry and tough.
The varieties named below are those that
have been rled and found good in nearly all
parts OF the United States where this fruit
growss
summer Apptes-Eariy Harvest, Red A.
trachan, Large yellow Bough-
Fail APpfe<-Rambo, Golden Sweet,
G~ravenstein, FAN Pippiu-
Hfnter appie&-Baldwin, Northern Spy,
Rhode Island Greening, Westfield Seek-no-
Farther, Russet, Yellow Belliower and
Esophus spifzenberg.
In various parts Of the country there WINS
an apple for fall and winter known among
the pioneers as the Green Winesap. As was
said Of the strawberry, probably the Almighty
might have made a better apple than the
Green Winesap, hut doubtless He never did.