Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1885-03-31

DoOk-OInotng. IL WOuiU DC an luI-
possibility to mlnutely describe ev-
cry Etsie thing That contribute to
make up the outfit Of such an es-
taBIfsb4nsnt.
On she GtreetAoor of the building,
next to the corner of Bay lane, is
the JOB pressTe9m.fs Hhis room con-
tains nine presses, viz: two Hoe cyl
inders, two new patent Campbell
presses, two Liberty presses, & one
doubIe-medinEn Cottrell 81 Baboock
press, one Gordon and enc Acme
press, and a large Sheridan steam
seIfsciamping ana cutting machine.
The engines ard boilers that drive
the machinery of the newspaper
Office.aaso furnish the motive power
fer the job departments.
sTEREOTYPING.
One-third Of this room is devoted
to s=creotyping, and has tirst-class
outfit, made by E. Hoe 81 Co., tncIud-
ing steam dryer steam saw for
cutting metal, large casting boxes,
etc. All the MORNING NEWS LII
BRARY serialsfhat have appeared in
bOok-fOrm are stereotyped. "A num-
Der Of other books that have been
issued from the MORNING NEWS
sS5a Printing Hause have also been stere-
III 0typed in this department.
= On the floor above the job press
4 room is the photographic pressroom.
x LITHOGRAPHY IS. A COMBINATION
80 OF CHEMISTRY AND MECHANICS.
It tssa system of artistic printing
= in which the antagonism, of oil and
~ wRtBr are made to subSerVe posi-
s tive purpose illsaHt. photography, or
- the art OF producing impressions
= from stone. was accidentally discOv-
80 cred by Senefeder, a poor German
musician and composer, who, be-
4a1 cause of his poverty, was unable TO
"a have his music engTavedand printed.
In his experiments to find a suostl-
tute for letter-press printing or cop
per or steel-plate engraving, he used
a. piece of OOiitic limestone on which
to- distribute his Ink. One day in
copying a washing list for bis moth
er, has ing no paper handy, he wrote
on this stone what was required with
the thick ink which hehad ready for
his experiments. He accidentally
discovered that this writing gave
forth an impression, and the idea Oc-
CURED to him that by reducing that
part Of the surface of the stone on which
there was no ink, he might bring out the
writing in relief, and thus print from it,
He applied aqua f0TtjS to the stone, 1nd
reduced to the extent of the thickness OF a
sheet Of paper. The art of TYPOGRAPHY was
thus discovered. Senefeider continued his
and lived to see the art estab-
Hshed, diving in 1884, the recipient Of a
pension from his King. The art of en-
craving on stone, transferring designs,
and other methods now commonly in use,
were discovered within the last quarter
of a century. The steam presses now
found in all complete photographic estab-
ments were even a more recent in
vention, only coming into general use
about 10 years ago.
THE ART OF ENGRAVING ON STONE,
which to-day comprises the greater
part of all engreRing used in
requires that the
engraver should be something more
than a copyist. He must be able to
design. His teelssare few-a straight edge,
a pair of cailipers. a small square, and a
few fine-pointed needles stuck IN bits of
wood, are all that ne uses in producing
the most exquisite designs. He has a
machine, however, which is called a
''ruler." whichengraves his conTbin alton
of fine lines. It's diamond worked by
machinery as delicate as watch work,
which cuts the stone with mathematical
precision, and saves the artist hours OF
tedious labor.
The engraver is admitted tobe an artist
-htsname implies art; tut there is an
other woFAmsn, who is called E'a trans
ferrer," who is not only an artist, but a
He transfers the engraver's
work to tbs stone, and also from numer-
Gus engravings makes,
LL-CokCETvED COMBINATIONS, NEW
DESIGNS.
Heworks0n the stone until the design
he has transferred to its fiat surface
stands forth in relief, and Is ready, in the
hands of the printer, TO fmpart it's beau
ties to paper.
After the traRsferrer comes the pressman
or printer. Hemust also have an artistic
eye or the werk of those who have la
bOrea before him will be in vain. He
takes the heavy stone and places it upon
the bed of the press. 1t must be carefully
adjusted or it VIII be broken by the i'm
preston cylinder. When it is ready to
print he starts the press, and watches his
work closely. There are ink rollers on
one side OF the cylinder of the press, and
water rollers on the other. The latter
must only give forth enough water at
each impression or printed sheet to keep
the ink from linking that part OF
the stone which must not
be printed from. At every impression it
is water and ink in QUdRtana SUftctt, no
more, no less. These
PONDEROUs PRINTING MACHINES
are provided with appliances so that the
cylinders Will revolve without taking an
from the stone, and the ink
rokars can be lifted off the stone and give
no Ink. The machines print. deliver and
count the sheets. There are long lines Of
shelving in this room filled with stones
for photographic purposes. The best
stone is QuarTied in Bavaria; in fact, there
is no other stone used to any extent in
this country but the German limestone,
such as Senefel6er first printed from.
Tons of it are imported every year, enough
being used to make the selling Of IL
separate business.
LrTHOGRAPHIC STONE
is also found In other countries, a very
good article being quarried in America.
The preference, however, as has been be-
fore stated, is for the best-the Bavarian.
In addition to the two immense steam
presses there are three hand presses.
One of the latter is kept as a ''ralic OF the
war;" 1t was made in Augusta in the
''war times" and was used in printing
Confederate money. 1t can still do good
work, but its days are almost past-it
can't compete with the steamers"
Covered up in a large wooden box is
E'THE LATEST THING QUIZ
In the business. 1t is a machine for re-
ducing or enlarging engraYings. For in
stance, an engraving used for a letter
head can be reduced in exact proper
ventiOn, and was imported from Paris a
mo