Morning journal and courier., 1885-04-11
NEW CONN. SATURDAY MORNING. APRIL Il, 1885:

l soldier is paid once a month, when he re- l ceives three arfd half taels of silver. This sum, which is equal to about $4.75, is given
 to him in scrap bullion; and during the night preceding each pay day the paymasters are
 busily engaged in weighing out silver and
 making it up into neat little packages for distribution. As soon as he has obtained his share the soldier takes it to the nearest shopkeeper or money changer, who, in re- turn for it, hands him $500 copper cash, the aggregate weight of which is quite as
 much as he can conveniently carry. Out of
 this the soldier has to keep himself in food
 and clothing; and the pay cannot, therefore,
 be called excessive. A Chinaman, however,
 lives almost exclusively upon rice, 8 months supply of which costs good deal less than
 1 1000 cash; and many private not only
 supports family upon the balance of his
 earnings, but puts by a few hundreds cash
 every month.
 The Russian peasants are very poor, but
 they drink great deal of strong drink. Our
 consul general MT. Stanton, reports that
 vast quantities of beer and ale are consumed
 by them. For some districts distilleries are so numerous and large as to make up nearly
 half the wealth of the community. The
 largest establishment is in Voronesh. This
 turns out 1, 720, GOO gallons year. The an- nua1 production of all the distilleries, of which there are 2,517, amounts to grand total of 1O3, 1860, ,969 gallons As might be supposed from these figures, beer shops are very plenty, there being 137, 7,553 licensed 4o inhabitants. Owing to high license the number has decreased nearly B per cent. since 1S73 It must not be inferred from this, however, that high license has tended to check the liquor traffic. Speaking of the law Mir. Stanton says: In general, the diminution of licensed saloons has resulted in an increase of clandestine drinking places. In 1883 there were 16,0 ,0SS cases discovered, the largest number being in St. Petersburg. The main breaches of the excise law are con- fined to the clandestine sale of bad liquor, and the sale of spirits disguised under the name of fruit juices. In districts where the sale of spirits had been prohibited, the population began to consume cologne water. In the Oural, for instance, in small town named Gourievo, 2,000 dozens of cologne water, valued at S, 1000, annually con sumed, and similar instances occur at other places.
 If Philadelphia invention does what is promised for it the existing system of cleo trical communication will be revolutionized. The new instrument is used both trans hitter and receiver. The two instruments 11Sa i11t ha tad hyv many miles of wire coiled about the offices Each appeared in it's front part to be simply an ordinary type writer, with the letters, nu- morals, etc., on raised keys. Behind this rises small column with blank paper wrap ped around it and moved up line by line as required by simple device. Inside that column is a small hammer that strikes out wardly, so as to, whenever key is touched, press the paper against the periphery of 8 horizontal wheel that lies between the key board and the column. On that periphery, in high relief, are the letters of the alphabet, numerals and points of punctuation. The wheel spins around with lightning-like rapid ity as the keys successively touched by an expert. When it has to retrocede in the alphabetical order it flies back to a fixed point, as does the wheel of gold and stock indicator, but much more swiftly. All the delicate and intricate electrical attachments necessary are below, and when understood are much less complicated than they seem, their apparent complication being caused by their multiplicity. A separate wire leads from each key to single common wire and each of these key connected wires serves either for transmission or reception of mes sages. The sending or receiving of a partic- ular letter or figure is governed by the strength of current required for just that in dividual ore and for no other. It seems very strange that all those various impulses should be flashed along wire-even in op posite directions at the same time-with- out jostling each other or gstting mixed up, but they do. Many messages were sent and received in the test by nen-experts at speed of from forty to fifty words per minute with greater accuracy than is generally shown by expert Morse "sound" operators, and that speed, it was affirmed, could be very greatly increased. A noticeable and valuable feature of the system is that it prints clearly in sight of the person transmitting message just what is being sent to the receiver, so that errors are avoided or if committed, are readily corrected