davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31
HOME, FARM ANo GARDEN.


A I'm sowing timothy with wheat and
oh Wfr grains the best results are OBJ
AN 4 by having the ground dragged
anytollcd iirst.--N y. Former.
Don't forgctthat all fowls are
without teeth, and must be supple,H
with sand and gravel in order 10 carry
on the work Of grinding tho food. - IN
dian0pohs Journal
When food Il TO be fried have the
pan very hot before the fat Is put In,
and have the fat hot before beginning
TO fry. Then the miDimum am0unt of
fat win be absorbed.--M y CONNER
cial .idCoriiscr.
In using cold. dips for the scab and
other diseases of sheep, unless the Dip
ping is done ina thorough manner tho
solution will rot pepctrate close, COM
pact wool aud reach all the parasites on
the skin, owing b. the dirt and other
matter in the wool. Troy Times.
"A good way to roast spare rio is
70 crack the bones in the middle, fold
over and stun with regular turkey
dressing; sew II up with stout thread,
put into the dripping pan and put In a
ooifeecup Of water; sprinkle pcpporand
salt over the meat, aud let il cook un-
On tender and brown. Then Il is so
that each side will be equally brown.--
Chicago Times.
MIX Soup; Four large potatoes.
two onions, two ounces Of butter, one
pint of milk, three teaspoonfulls Of
tapioca, salt and pepper to taste; boil
the vegetables slowly with two quarts
OF water several hours, then strain
through the cclauder and add the milk
aud tapioca; boil slowly and stir con-
stantly for about fifteen minutes, then
serve. The Household.
To use cold turkey pick the meat
| of the turkey bones, slrod IL In bits
not too small, add dressing and pieces
OF light biscuit cut up fine, mix togeth-
or and put in a dripping-pan. Pour
over il any gravy that is left, add water
| TO thoroughly moisten, but not enough
10 make il sloppy; place in hot oven
| for twenty minutes, and when eaCen all
will agree that the turkey is better this
time than it was at iirst.-Ihe Caterer.
-.Alince Meat for Pies Three pounds
of boiled beef. one pound of met,
| three pounds of brown sugar, one-half
peck of apples. two pounds Of raisins,
one and Ono-half pounds Of currants,
one pound of citroD, one nutmeg graf
ed, inactive cents worth of pow
dcred allspice. and cinnamon TO suit
the taste. Chop the meat, suot and APP
! pies fine. Then put them together
with seasoning. Slice the citron fine.
Pour on sweet cider TO make thick
batter Of it, and warm it thoroughly.
1t is seasoned through so much better.
--lPcSicrp Rural.
A writer advises ridging the gar
den in the fall. Good idea. IL is the
highest land that dries and warns first
in the spring. If you will take the
trouble to observe how much sooner n
door-yard i'm town or city, that is raised
above the level, BECOMES green in
spring you will see what high land does
for vegetation. A garden that is ridged
will be ready for planting much sooner
than one that is not, and whether we
want vegetables simply for our own
use or for market purposes it will pay
us to ridge. Don't be afraid OF getting
the ridges too high. The higher the
better. The burrows serve as drains
| Prairie Turner,
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31
A GREAT WORK.
Draining Of Enormous Marshes Under the
Direction Of the Russian Government.

Draining Of Enormous Marshes Under the
Direction Of the Russian Government.
Few people are probably aware Of
the great engineering undertaking in
which Russia has been engaged for
years, draining the Pinsk Marshes.
These are so extensive as to secure
special designation on the ordinary map
Of Europe, being, We believe, the only
case Of the kind, and in point of area
are very much larger than Ireland.
Situated on the RussO-Polish confines
they have become famous in Russian
history as a refuge for all manner Of
romantic characters, and have rcmlined
an irreclaimable wilderness in the midst
OF q prosperous, corn-grOwing region
up to within the last few years. In
1870 the Russian Government first took
in hand seriously the abolition Of
this wild expanse, which, owing TO be-
ing perpetually more or less submerged
and covered with q Jungle growth of
fOre3t, prevented not only communi-
cation between the Russian districts on
either side, but also between Russia and
Austro-Germany. Consequently large
staif Of engineering officers and several
thousand troops were drafted into the
region, and these have been engaged
on the undertaking since Up 10 tho
present moment about four million
acres have been reclaimed, thanks
70 the construction Of several
thousand miles Of bitches and Of
canals 50 broad ~ 10 bo navig-
able for barges Of several hundred tons
burden. just now the engineers
are drawing up the programme for
next year, which comprises the drain
age Of $4,000 acres by means OF the
construction OF 10 miles OF litches aud
canals. OF the 4,0O0, 900 acres already
reclaimed, 6OO,OOO acres consisted Of
sheer bog, which have been converted
into good meadow land, 9OO,O 600 Of
''iOrost tangle." which have been pre-
pared for timber purposes by cutting
down all the underwood aud thinning
the trees, 100000 acres Of good forest
land forest Oascs In the midst of the
marshes hitherto inaccessible. but
which have been connected
moro or less with nayigable
canals and thereby with the dis
tant markets, aud finally 1900, 900
tion, although only l2O, 900 acres have
been actually occupied mp 10 now. Be
sides making the canals aud ditehes the
engineers have built l70 bridges, bored
ib2 wells from forty feet 10 eighty feet
deep, and 425 wells from twenty feet TO
forty feet, and have made survey OF
10000 square miles Of country hitherto
unmapped. Whom their task Is finished
Russia will have eifacod from the map
Of Europe one OF the Oldest and tough
est bits Of savage nature Of the cOnti-
nent, aud few years VIII suffice 10
render the Pinsk Marshes indlstin-
guishablc from the rest Of tho cult.
yated region Of the sources OF the
Dneipov. From an engineering, geo
logical and scientific point Of Wow. tho
work y one Of special Interest, and
capable RlQhestrRtArrr. anxious for 4
nrFoi rilNnn. might 10 worso lha0
IN INW monIt4 amid tho lHI|.|
III
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31
MULcHIno FOR PLANTS.
A Winter Protection (which should Not
Be Neglected.

A Winter Protection which should Not
Iie Neglected.
There src many plants and trees that
ncel some protection to carry them
safely through the winter. 1t is not the
river cold that, as a rule, does the mis-
chief, but rather the frequent sudden
changes, freezing one day and thaw-
ing the next; small plants especf
are injured in this way; and often
tirely killed. unless afforded some pro-
lection by mulching. The strawberry
in exposed positions is very often in
jured IL left uncovered; but the straw
berry Is a plant that requires much
more care in covering than most of
garden plants, because, being q partial
evergreen, it is not safe to cover it TO
any great depth, or 10 cover Il with
any material which will settle down so
close rs to shut out the air; coarse hay
is really one OF the best coverings that
can be given the strawberry; but corn
stalks, or even evergreen boughs,
make q very good covering. Raspberry
plants may be laid down and covered
with earth, because there are no leaves
TO preserve.
Young, aud even old, trees are very
much improved by heavy mulching;
but If anything is used 10 mulch with
that will make good shelter for mice
care must be taken 10 protect each tree
with q mound of earth TO reach above
the mulching. The material to be
used for mulching the orchard must be
governed by the condition OF the soil
If the soil be q moist, heavy soil few
inches in depth Of sand makes an OK
cellent mulch, aud will very much inn
prove the orchard il it be spread over
the whole land; but il the soil be some
what light and dry the soil from an old
swamp is an excellent material, and
covering of two or three inches over the
whole surface will make lasting inn
proyement The practice OF spreading
on such material for mulch, and COW
ering only small space around each
Tree. Is very poor one. Before ap-
plying sand or leaf mulch 10 en- orchard,
the land should receive good dressing
Of manure An orchard that has born
in grass n few years will be greatly
benefited IL covered late in the autumn
with a mulching OF leaf-mOuld deep
enough to smother the grass TO de-
gree sufficient to Kill out q portion Of
iho roots. This benefits an orchard
more than il does TO plow IL, aud il the
material is near. it costs but little. II
any more.
Plants. the tops Of which die ont
every year and send up new shoots
every spring, and are only hall hardy,
can easily be protected by covering
with some material that viii settle
down close aud shut out the air. One
Of the best materials for this purpose Is
moist leaves; but, TO keep them in place
after they have been packed down
closely, they must be covered with
boards or slight covering of.earlh.
Currant bushes always do better
when well mulchcd; the best material
for this purpose Is good stable manure,
thc more the better. IL not dcep enough
10 heat There are few plants that
grow which take so kindly TO stable
manure as the currant. and few that II
will pay 70 feed so liberally. -Massa-
chKsetts Pi0u0hman.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

with Cariiston's sketch. Lookino q, q
iau-ielt sure Il was exactly Ne ,Sa
man whom II was intended to repre-
sent So that with the certain amount
of art knowledge which am at least
supposed to possess, II was hard for me,
after examining the drawing and
recognizing the true artists touch in
every line, to bring myself to accept
the fact that il was but tho outcome Of
diseased imagination. AS, at this
very moment, glance at that draw
ing, / scarcely blame myself for tho
question that family framed itself in
my innermost heart. could IL be
possible could there be in certain or
CARNATIONS powers not yet known
not yet properly investigated"
My thought-supposing such a
thought was ever there was not dis
couragcd by Carriston, who. speaking,
as II his faith in the bodily existence OF
the man whose portrait lay in my haud
was unassailable, said;
a. noticed that his general appear
ance was that of countryman-an En-
glish peasant; so in the country ] shall
find my love. Moreover. II will he
easy to identity the man, as the toy
10 mt is missing from the middle finger
of his right hand As it lay on Made
lines arm / noticed thas.
argued with him no more. l fol-
that words would be but wasted
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31


Once IN Persia rcirncd a King
Who upon hle signet ring
graved maxim true aud wiec.
which, II held before hia cyoe
tlevc him counsel AZ n glance
l1t for every change and chance.
Solemn words, aud these are thoys
" Ever this shah pass away"
Trains Of camcls through the sand
Drought him gems from Samarcand;
- leote OF enllcye through tho seas
Wrought him pearls TO match with those
hut he counted not his gain
Treasures OF the mine or mains
. what e wealth. the King would say.
"Even this shan pass away"
In the rovcls OF his court
At the zenith OF his sport,
When the palms OF all his guests
nurned with clepping at his jests,
He. amid his fips and wine.
Cried; "Oh, loving friends OF mineu
Pleasure comes, but not TO stay;
Even this shall pass away"
Fighting on furious foid,
once n iavelin pierced his shield.
Soldiers with n loud lancn(
Borc him bleeding 10 his tent.
Gruaning from his tortured side,
+" Pain is hard 10 bear" he cricd.
Tut with patience. day by day
Gvcn this shall pass away"
Towering In tho public square,
Twenty cuhits IN tho air
Rose his stntuc carved IN stonc.
Thcn the king, disRuiFcd, unknown. =
stood before his sculpturcd name
Mus.nE mcckly: What is tanner
famc ie but n slow dcuay-
Even this shall pGss away"
Struck with palsy. sorc and old,
Waiting nj the gates OF gold,
snid he, with his diving breath
Lilo is done. bur what ie ucathr'
lhtn in answer 20 the King
lcll q eunvcam on his ring.
showing by n heavenly ruy-
Even this shall pass away"
indianapolis Ncirs.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31
PERcHERoN HORSES.


To a Tribune reporter, Mr.. A. s.
Chamberlain, who for 40 years has been
the proprietor of the " Old Bulls Head
Stables" New York City, said: II
keep exchange and sale stables for
horses, thousands of which annually
come to my stables from all parts OF
tho country. don't deal on my own
account TO any extent. The French
horses have good feet and stand the
payements better than the 6iydesdales,
and bring better price on the market.
The ClJ desdales are short-ribbed, slim
wasted and lack action Compare
lively few of them arc now brought TO
this market. The demand is largely
for French horses. would advise the
farmer and breeders. who are breeding
horses TO sell on the New York market,
to breed from French horses in prefer
ence to all others. ~ Chicago Tribune.
Percheron stations of the finest quality
and with choicest pcdigrces, registered
in the Percheron Stud Book Of France,
are annually imported in immense
numbers. Within tho past two years
1000 have been imported and collected
by one firm alone.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31
Natures Agrleulturlsls.

Prof Henry Drummond remarks that
there can be no succession OF crops
without the most thorough agriculture,
end that where man is not doing this
work nature employs other agents.
Darwin has shown hoSy the soil OF
England Is titled by earth worms 10
an extent Of having ion tons OF dry
eaith per acre sBhually transferred
from below 10 the surface, By passing
through their bodies and being dcpos-
tied ~ their casts. Bat Ia the lard
baked soil Of tropical climates the
worms are unable 10 operate, and
other agencies are demanded, an Of
icetiye one being, ProL DnminOnd
finds, the termitc, OF 'whIte ant. :"
This creature lives upon dead vegctD
bic matter. and rs tlinnelings. like the
action % the earth ornie. constantly
nrin9 fr,sh laYarslhf soil 10 the surface.
Unlike tho earth Worms, however, II Ia
very destructive y MANS works, and
IN eplte Of is Spbioll blowing isralhcr
= Dreaded ioe NJ afglued f'sfnd'-<
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31
HUMOROUS.

There Is no occasion fora man with
acold IN his head to be idle Has up 70
his sneezc in business. cHfcago 1elc-
gram.
The chorister who was tossed over
the fence by n ball was willing 70 con-
cede that he for once got the wrong
pitch - Yonkers Gazette.
-IMamma, what's blank idiot?"
at what was when ! got married.
usbd 20 have four new hats year,
buYTm awful lucky to get one now"
--DansriHe Breeze.
E"Can you tell of what race Ma
pdleon cameP" said the Ciyil-Servi, o
examiner. "Why, of Corrican,n said
tie candidate. a 6rst-class clerk ship
was drawn.-N o. PicayHnc-
"A prominent public Office has ills
notice posted up: Don't open this
door, under which some wag Wrote
thei query "WhyP" and another re-
spondcd: "Because you can't; it's
locked. IN Y telegram.
-"Wbat beautiful lampln exclaim-
ed Mrs. Parvenu's visitor; where Gid
you get il; medieval isn't itp' We
got il in Paris said the good lady of
the house, "bul il isn't mcdimval; Il Is
bronze. IN T. Mail.
Pa (Who has been explaining ccr-
tain facts about stOycs) Nov Jimmy,
do you know what base-burner is?
Jimmy-You bet your life.
Pa-Have we one in the housep
Jimmy-Yessir, mas slipper-4Ht
Rambler.
do YOU allow drunkenpcople q
the trainP' asked an old gentleman Il;
the city hall elevated strtion "Somb
timcs-but not when they arc too
drunk replied the brakeman. "Jugt
take a seat near the middle Of the ear
and keep quiet, and you'llbe All right y
N T. sun.
Man IN carriage TO farmer in
the iield). "Jhat corn doesn't l0ok MS
though you'd get morc'n half q crop.
FARMER in the field 60 man in Il car-
riage). Don't expect to-l'm work
II on shares. 81 mean you WON'T get
much to the acre" Don't expect to
only got half an acre. ."--Bdrper's
Bdz0r
The plumbers song
The lceinan I'm lel as he counts his Ralns
Derived from the trade OF summer
Aud as bo walks the streets disdans
The greeting OF the plumber
He feels hlH Oats; vel let him smile,
This Thing will be adjusted;
III Iunke u hole In the lccman's pllO,
when the water pipes arc bustcd.
Chicago Inter ocean.
-"Stcp right into the parlor and
make yourself at home, said the nine
year-old son Of the editor 10 his sisters
best young man. "'rake the rocking
chan and help yourself TO the album.
Helen Louise Is up stairs, and won DO
down for some time yet--has 10 make
up her form, you know, before going
TO press. ~ Phiiadeiphia Press.
-Customer-"Aron't you afraid to
leave al these clothes hanging out on
the Sidewalk with nobody 20 watch
themP ] should think you would be
afraid somebody would steal them. "
Dealer "Shteal doze glOthesP Mcin
lllmnlel, nol (ConfdeniiallyD Wy,
mein friend, dell you, I sells doze
Clothes so sheap that II doesn't bay TO
shteal them. - = S0merUlie Journal
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

= Some person mutilated IN enrolled
bill amending the Liquor law which
had been passed at the late session Of
she Oregon Legislature by drawing a
pen through the words "bo it enacted. ="
But Governor Moody decided that the
mutilation was not material, and signed
The bill. - Chicaqo Nal.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

"A maH in Salem Mass, has in
vented a method OF vcniilating railway
cars by means Of fans revolving under
meath the car through pipes having
bcll-shaped movable openings above
each seat; but this alr is freed from
dust by passing through water. IL is
on trial by The Poston & Lowell Rail-
road. ~ Boston Posi-
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

Tic p9sseuger Department Of the Chice-
go, Rock Island q Pacific Railway ON
nounco the publication Of a new and yalu.
able work-whoso scope end intent Is best
expressed on its title page, which reads as
follows: "Voltagal, Genius Of Electricity -
or Ned Benson'a Adventures and Talk with
ono OF tho Genii, by "A NAM OF the Rock
Island Route-respectfully dedicated TO the
Boys and Girls Of America, by the General
Ticket and Passenger Agent OF tho Chicago,
Rock Island az Pacific Railway. IL Is an ap.
propriate sequel 10 Watt-5tcphens on steam
and its uses, which ottaincd such a popu.
lnrity year ago. IL 10 carefully written
pamphlet OF 50 pages, elegantly printed,
and viii be sent 10 any applicanton receipt
OF 10 cents in postage stamps. Address
L. ST.. JOHN,
Gen. Ticket and Passenger Agt O., H. l. &
i. Ry., Chicago, III.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

A con.eIentIoua Mllnes,.

Counsel 60 wiincss)-The previous
witness swore that whom found he was
breathing like a porpoise.
Witness--I dunno bout dat Yah.
Counsel--You were prescnta
Witness Yes, sab.
Counsel--Examlned him cartlllyp
Wilness-Ycs, sab ] zamlny biv
keerfnlly.
counsel--And yet you will notaswear
that he was breathing like a pcrAoisel
Witness--No, sab.
Counsol-You win state 10 tire fHurt
why
lI.fsoe. H.. 49,. ....... [ !.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

"A short tine ago a rat got into the
cage OF canary belonging 10 2 Buffalo
woman and killed the bird The woman
returned In time 10 trap the rat In The
cage, aud kept il there six days withoul
food or drink. ill il died Of starvation.
To further satisfy her vengeance she
would at times prod tho rat with red.
hot kniiiing -ueedle She also tortured
a ~ GiVihx u eoun fitriol IN a spoon
and q ied pepper pill. II Is alea..nlnt..I
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

Maryland Legislators, who are always
alive TO tho public interests, have endorsed
the new discovery, Red Star Cough Cure,
because IL contains mother morphia nor
opium, and always cures. The price ia only
% cents
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

No Opi,n In Piso's Cure for Coummp.
ton. Cures where other remedies fail 25c
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

"a MISS is as good as q mile" and q
grfat deal better. You can't kiss mile.--
Philadelphia cal.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

A BoiI In the kcttlo is worth two on your
se.-Chiecgo Te'sg,im.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

einEsTOOrHACHE msOrs cure In minute, 25c
yteHHA sulphur Soap heals and bcautinos. SC
6KnNAs COnN REMOVER kills Corns 4 DunIona
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

EVERY ono Is perfectly satisfied who uses
Buckingham's Dye for the Whiskers.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

A SOUND instructor-A music teacher
TAe Ramblsr.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

Tne fisherman who got a bite from ii Q
mouth Of river has been heard from.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

THH bowels may he regulated, and ths
stomach strengthened, with ayers Pills.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

" an1lctcd with Sore Eyes, use nr. Isaac
fhonp'on's Eyo Water. Druggists sell IL. 26e.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

WaRs does a man impose upon hlmselfi
When he tnxcshis memory.
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

No ONE knows the value OF flowers wiO
hasn't botany - R0sion POST
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

"stand back, gentleiheni !
track" shouted tho pomco,
quickiy-gathoring crowd snr6A I
steamer No. 4 came up the streetNf
ni1cent black horses striking fire
pavement.
But Loldl A wheel comes OF tbW
or Is overturned, and the brave frei|
picked up bleeding aud soneolcesl
An investigation revealed the fact
oiling the steamer that nloIntnE the
had neglected 10 put IN the linch-l,
little neglect on bis part bed causodi
OF half million dollars. The busy
OF trade are full OF mon who are m
the same fatal mistake. 1ney neglect
kidneys, thinking they need ne nttel
whereas II they made OCCASIONAL
Warmers safe cure they WVuin ~, 7.
that they don't feel quito WI tnssii, ~
feeling bothers them; thattfey W. W, ~ N
with Indigestion; that theiK
20 respond AZ call; that the|
ssoefr.ttsser Me- Lstaf,suaI
Indian chieftain. [volume] (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, 1885-12-31

Tic ioeinnn I'm les rs he counts hls galna
Derived from the trade OF summer
Aud as DO walks the streets disdains
Tho greeting OF the plumber
He feels hls Oats; vel let him smile,
This thing will be adjusted;
Ill mnke "a hole In tho icemans pllo,
When inc water pipes are buttcd.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1885-05-21

yt4ed
""
these teri monfas n1va
dict ' i''' - ' I'm 0'' '0'
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1885-05-21

Dr. personally
ghcny and be
on e
W AHL
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1885-05-21
A wonderful Discovery.

Consumptives and all, who suffer
from any affection Of the Throat an
Lungs, can find certain cure in DR.
Kings New Discovery for Consump-
ton. Thousands of permanent cures
verify the truth of this statement
No medicine can show such a rec.
ord of wonderful cures. Thousands
of once hopeless sufferers now CRATE
fully proclaim they owe their lives to
this New Discovery 1t will cost
you nothing to give it a trial. Free
Trial Bottles at 9 r. MoTFETT Drug
Store. Large size, 8l00.