The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1885-12-19

lStnnlan rOute Whlcn may De opened ana
employed for the ends OF peace and traffic:
or in other contingencies for uses inimical
to both.
TRANSPORTATION
is factor in the cost OF commodities scarce.
ly second to that of their pro tucton, and
weighs as heavily upon their consumer. Our
existence already has proven the great inn
portance of having the competition between
land carriage and water carriage fully deyel-
oped, each acting as protection to the public
against the tendencies of monopoly, which
Is inherent In the consolidation of wealth
and power in the hands of vast corpora
tions. These suggestions may serve to en-
phasze what | have already said on the
score of the necessity of a naturalization OF
any inter oceanic transit, and this can only
be accomplished by making the uses OF the
route open to all nations and subject to the
ambitions and warlike necessities of none,
The drawings and report OF a recent survey
of the Nicaragua Canal route made by Chief
Engineer Menocal will be communicated for
your information.
The claims of citizens of the United States
for losses by reason of the late military OPP.
epations OF Chill in Peru and Bolivia are the
subject OF negotiation for a claims conven-
ton with Chill, providing for their submis-
sion to arbitration.
The harmony of our relations with China
is fully sustained in the application of the
acts lately passed to execute the treaty of
1880, restrictive OF the immigration of Chi
nese laborers into the United States. Indi-
vidual cases OF hardship have occurred be-
yond the p Iwer of the Executive to remedy,
and calling for judicial determination. The
condition OF
THE CHINESE QUESTION
In the Western States and Territories Is, de.
spite this restrictive legislation, far from be.
ing satisfactory. The recent outbreak In
Wyoming Territory. where numbers OF un.
offending Cinnamon, indisputably within
the protection OF the treaties and the law,
were murdered by mob, aud the still more
tinpnofAnnH Of fha
character in Washington Territory, are
fresh in the minds of all, and there Is appre-
henson lest the bitterness of ceiling against
the Monaghan race on the Pacific slope may
find vent il similar lawless demonstration.
All the power of this Government should be
exelted to maintain the amplest good
faith toward China In the treatment OF these
men, and the inflexible sternness of the
law in bringing the wrongdoers to Justice
should be insisted on. Every effort has been
made by this Government to prevent those
violent outbreaks and to aid the representa-
tives of China in their investigation or these
outrages, and 1t Is but justice to say they are
traceable TO the lawlessness of men not citi.
zens of the United States engaged in com
petition with Chinese laborers. Race preju.
dice Is the chief factor in originating these
disturbances, and 1t exists in a large part of
our domain, jeopardizing our domestic
peace and the good relationship we strive to
maintain with China The admitted right ofa
Government to prevent the influx OF elements
nOSln6 To lJS INTERNAL pedcb anu security
may not be questioned even where there Is
no treaty stipulation on the subject That
the exclusion of Chinese labor Is demanded
In other countries where like conditions pre-.
vail Is strongly evidenced in the Dominion
of Canada, where Chinese immigration is
now regulated b. laws more exclusive than
our own. If existing laws are inadequate to
compass the end In view, shall be prepared
to give my earnest consideration to any fur.
Their RENE lial measures within the treaty
limits which the wisdom of Congress may
devise.
THE CONGO.
The independent State of the Congo has
been organized rs a government under the
sovereignty o, II Majesty the King of the
Belglans, who nss mes its chief magistracy
in his PERSONA character only, without
making the new tate n dependency on
Belgium. 1t Is un or una'e thata benighted
region, owing all il has OF quickening cvili-
zatlon to the benefc ,nce and philanthro-
pic spirit of tbis IN ma ch, should have the
advantage anG security of his benevolent
supervision. The action by this Govern
ment last year in being the first to recog.
nize the flag of the international Assocl-
alton of the Congo has been followed by
formal rec ognitlon OF the new nation
powers. conference of delegates
of the principal commercial
nations was held at Berlin last winter to dis
cuss methods whereby the Congo. basin
might be kept open to the worlds trade.
Delegates attended on behalf of the Quilted
States on the understanding that their part
should be merely deliberative, without i'm
posing to the results any binding character,
so far as the United States were concerned.
This reserve was due to the indispOslton of
this Government to share In any disposal by
an international congress of turlsdictional
questions In remote foreign territories The
results of the conference was embodie in
formal act of the nature of an international
convention, which laid down certain
obligations purporting to be binding on
the slgnatorles, subject to ratification within
one year Notwithstanding the reservation
under which the delegates of the United
States attended, their signatures were at
tached to the general act In the same man.
ner as those of the Plenipotentarles of
other Governments, thus making the United
States appear without reserve or qualltica-
ton as signatory to q joint international
engagement imposing on the signers the
conservation of the territorial integrity of
distant regions where we have no estab-
lished interests or control. This Gov:
ernment does not, however, regard
its reservation of liberty of action
in the premises as at all impaired,
and holding that an engagement to share In
the obligation of enforcing neutrality in the
remote valley of the Congo would be an al
lance whose responsibilities we are not In a
position to assume l abstain from asking
the sanction of the Senate { that general
act. The correspondence will be laid before
YOU and the instructive and interesting re-
port of the agent sent by this Government
TO the Congo Country anu MS RECOMMENDING
lions for the establishment of commercial
agencies on the African coast are also sub
mltted for YOUR consideration.
THE SOUTH AMERICAN COMMISSION.
The commission appointed by my prede:.
cessor last winter TO visit the Central and
South American countries and report on
the methods of enlargng the commercial
relations otthe Untel states has submitted
reports which will be laid before you. No
opportunity has been omitted to testify to
the frendliness OF this Government toward
Corea, VIII Sc entrance into the family OF
treaty making powers the United States was
the first to recognize. l regard with favor
the application made by the COrean Gov
eminent tn be allowed to employ American
officers as military instructors, to 'ch the
assent of Congress became necessary; and
am happy tn say this request has the con-
current sanction of China and Japan
The arrest and imprisonment OF Julius Il.
Santos, citizen OF the United states, by the
authorities of Ecuador gave rise to a conten.
ton with that Government In which his right
TO be released or to have a speedy and i'm
partial trial on announced charges, and
with all guarantees of defense stipulated by
treaty, was insisted upon by the United
States. After an elaborate correspondence
and repeated and earnest representations on
Our mart. Mr. Santos was. after alleged