davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
THE TRAFFIC-ITS RELATION TO
PAUPERISM.
No. ".
THE POLICE OF CHARITY.
From the Princeton Review.

FROM the ITlnCelUu hcNlcN.
From ancient times tothe present,
from motives of public policy, as
we'll as from feelings of humanity, it
has been deemed proper that the
State should make provision for its
infrm poor. The Athenians made
provision for the poor out of the
public treasury as early as the times
of Solon; although at Rome there
were no institutions of public char
it,. In England the giving of pri-
yate aims to beggars was forbidden
by legislation in 1885, and collec-
tions were made for the benefit of
paupers under authority Of law in
every parish. Large amounts Of
money are annually raised by taxa
ton for their relief in every civilized
State. In England alone there was
raised for poor relief in 1888, $780,
600 pounds sterling. In England
and Wales the pauper population in
1859 was equal to 4! per cent. Of
their population; in Holland, in
1855, it was 81 per cent; in Belgium,
in 1916, it was Is per cent, while in
East and West Flanders in the same
year, it reached 30 per cent. The
rate in ordinary times in this coun-
try, where land is cheap and labor
in demand, it is supposed to be only
one per cent. But as we increase
in population and in the number of
our manufacturing towns, we are
sure to find that this rate will be
largely increased. Measures must
be devised for the prevention, as tar
as possible, Of the increase of pau
perism. If we inquire into the re-
Iations of intemperance to pauper-
ism, we shall find that the former is
the parent of the latter. The re-
turns made for long series of years
of the County of Suffolk City of
Boston, to the Secretary of State Of
Massachusetts,, show an average OF
80 per cent. of the pauperism of the
county, due to intemperance alone.
In the year 1868 the whole number
of paupers relieved by the authori-
ties of that county, was l2,242; OF
that number 1886 had been made
dependent either by their own or
their parents intemperance. The
superintendent of the Deer Island
Almshouse, Boston, IN his report to
the State Board of Health for 1875,
declares that go per cent. of the in
mates of that institution are there
by reason of intemperance. The re-
port of the Massachusetts, State
Board of Charities for 1867, states
that intemperance is the chief cause
and occasion of pauperlsm.
Such, then, is the relation of the
traffic to crime, to the public health,
and to pauperism. In the causa-
ton of crime and pauperism, it ap-
pears as more important force than
all other forces combined, and its
injurious effects upon the public
health, are as great as they are
lamentable. Certainly it is a seem
ing absurdity that State should be
possessed of power to legislate fol
the prevention Of offences, and al
the same time be denied the right tc
put forth that power to eradicate the
cause Of almost all offences; that il
should be under the necessity of bur
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02

the greatest promoter of civilization
that the world has ever known. 1t
gives to every man and woman who
has It, a broader view Of life, and its
duties, therefore it is necessaryto the
prosperity and happiness of every
man, woman and child in the world,
and as every man or woman is not
able to educate his or her children.
it is clearly the duty of the State to
do it to the extent Of her ability.
But there are those who think that
the State ought not to furnish q sci
entiGc education to its children. 10
such ! would ask the following ques-
tions; what would be the result to
the farming eommdhYty if every far
mer understood agricultural chemis-
try? What would be the result if
every mechanic understood mechan-
ical philosophy? Who could esti
mate the wealth that would flow
from agriculture if every farmer pos
sessed that much knowledge? Who
could tell what inventions would
leap from the brains Of the mechan
les of this country?
Did you ever think of the fact that
of the six greatest mechanical inyen-
tions ever brought forth in this c0un-
try, five were invented by men born
north of Mason and Dixon's line.
Whitney, Northern man, invent
ed your cotton gin; Morse, your tel
egraph Howe, your sewing machine;
Fulton, your steamboat; Appleby,
your self binder and reaper, and
Northern man discovered and dinven-
ed the telephone. Mccormick was a
Southern nan and invented the reap
er and mower.
Why this disparity Of inventive
genius? You and [ would be unwill-
ing to acknowledge that it was the
mental superiority of the Northern
man. | believe myself that it is the
want Of a general education Of the
Southern people. Therefore | have
come to the conclusion that the
State can invest her money in no
better way than in educating her
children.-G. I. H., in Clarion.
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
Anew Organization but the sesame Old
Devil"

The wholesale and retail liquor
dealers of this city, held meeting
on the 18th of the present month
and took steps toward the organiza-
ton of new secret association to be
called "The Personal Liberty Pro-
tective Association. A second meet
ing in the interest of this movement
was held on Sunday the 10th inst.
This new association IS intended to
supercede, and in its line, to be a
great improvement upon the Grades
Assembly" which is the liquor deal
ers secret association that has its
subordinate auxilaries branches in
eighty-two counties OF the State.
This Assembly was organized in 1882
for the specific purpose of defeating
the submission of a prohibitory
amendment to the State constitution
which was to come before the ensu-
ing legislature, and in this work, as
is we'll known, it was successful. 1t
has ever since that date maintained
it's organization and has been for the
three years Of its existence power
full Indiana politics. Its purpose
also was to secure the abrogation OF
the Sunday laws, but in this it has
thus far been unsuccessful. We
have no doubt that it was this Assem-
bly's money which secured the theft of
the bill prohibiting base ball playing
on Sunday,-which was pending be-
fore the legislature at the late regu-
lar session. And no doubt it was
money from the founders Of this As
sembly, which secured the clerical
omission in 1881 which was used
with such fatal effect against the
pending prohibitory amendment bill
in the legislature Of 1882.
1t is claimed that there were some
defects in the old organization
known as the "Trades Assembly"
such as the absence Of a constitution
and bylaws, which rendered it in
capable Of these effective working
methods which are most emlnently
conducive to the highest degree Of
efficiency. This new organization
"The personal Liberty Protective AS
sociation" is to be thoroughly equip
ned with all the modern appendageS
and useful parapharnalia Of organIz-
ed bodies.
This association is to embrace il
its membership, all liquor dealers
wholesale and also to include grOcers
tobacconists, bakers, dairymen
butchers, ice dealers, and indeed
every vocation wherein pecuniary
self-interest conflicts with the OBJ
servance of the Sunday laws.
This "Personal Liberty Protective
Association is to be thoroughly or
ganized throughout the entire State
having its auxiliary branches II
every county and its ramiGcations tt
encirele and to take firm grip upoI
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02

tom as our knowledge permits US.
This is a great assistance in getting
through with business properly. We
always have interesting talks from
the members. Our meetings never
drag: the only trouble is, we never
have time to say all we wish. AT
the last meeting of the Union, each
member pledged herself to endeayor
to do something for Prohibition be-
fore the next weekly meeting, and to
report before the Union the nature
Of the effort and it's success.
We have been at work for some
time on petitions against saloons.
Our every effort would have been
crowned with success had the law
been executed. This is our stun
bling-block.
We are preparing to open a tenn
perance Sunday-school, to be taught
in the afternoon. We are gaining
ground here daily. The complexion
Of petitions for liquor saloons is
changing. A great falling off Of ele-
CANT names on the last in print. We
hope ere long to see them all with
drawn, until the liquor list will be
no longer respectable
The w. G. I. L. own a column in
the Tri-Weekly Index, published
here. They fill it with newsy mat
ter three times 4 week it is all com
bined and published in the Weekly
Index. The different Unions in the
State would find much there to in
tcrest them.
Some kind friend, | suspect Bro.
Patton, is sending me the SWORD
AND SHIELD, whose pithy articles |
enjoy very much. We wish we had
q ". c. 7. L. column in it.
Hoping these lines given so at
random will interest you, am yours
for God and Home and Native Land.
MoLLIE MCGEE SMELL.
Cor. See. State Miss. ". G. I. |.
We assure the W. G. T. I. that
we will, ,be glad to place a column Of
the SWORD AND SHIELD at their dis
posal.
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
s'Hard Times"

A great deal has been written on
this important subject, yet it will ad-
nit of much more discussion, for it
is living subject, being of interest
to those in every station o. life.
From the millionaire to the poor day
laborer, the depression in business
matters is a source of very great an
noyance. While much has been
said, many expressed their opinion,
the true, underlying cause that pro-
duce, in marked degree, the dull
ness of the times, is overlooked and
we propose, briefly, to call the atten-
ton of our readers to what, we think,
will be accepted as the principal
cause which has a strong tendency
to depress the money market.
Now, we will suppose the case, but
it is true to the actual condition of a
farmers finances: A farmer, who
was fortunate enough to make ''both
ends meet" commences to make ar
rangements for another crop; he has
family Of FIVE: enough supplies in
his smoke-house to last two months
owns four head work-horses; corn
In the CRIB to feed on until first May
He employs one extra laborer April
first he purchases one hundred dol;
lars worth provision, on time, and
gets about half what he would fol
the cash; first of May his corncrib is
empty, and he has to buy corn al
double It's real price, and he has tc
feed on it four months-until his is
gathered. Say he gives to his foul
work animals one-and- a-half bushels
of corn day, that would aggrevate
about one hundred and eighty bus
hels, Ofcourse, he has to get more
advantages, and, too, they are high
er. Well, if he has kept journa
of his expenses-which few do, bu
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
Should the State Educate her Citi-
Zens!

In answering this question, ask,
how can a man without education
perform the duties of citizenship :?
Can he vote intelligently? If you
put a ballot in his hand and ask him
to read it, he says, II can't read, :"
yet he goes and places that ballot in
the box. Does he vote or is he vot-
ed? You and | have to live under
laws made by men put in office by
just such men. Is 1t not clearly the
duty of the State to educate that
man? Education is the most
radical thing in existence. 1t has
revolutionized and continues to rev
olutionize the ideas of men. 1t is
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
Columbus, Miss.

see in your last issue a call for
Temperance news throughout the
State. Here we are, wide awake to
the Importance of work. Our w. q.
L. Z. now numbers over a hundred
members. We meet every Thursday
afternoon. In the absence of our
State President, Mrs. Erwin, differ
ent ladies open the meetings with
Bible lessons and prayer. We have
no lack of members willing to do
this. Our singing is fine feature
of the exercises. A talented young
lady, who belongs to US, plays the
organ for us every time we meet.
Our committee reports are always
interesting. We conduct our meet
ings as near to parliamentary Gus
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
BETOND THE NIGHT

Beyond the night no withered rose
Shall mock the latter bud that blows,
Nor lilv blossoms e'er shall blight,
But all shall.gleam more pure and white
Than starlight on the Arctic SHOWS
Sigh not when daylight DINNER grows
And life turbid river flows,
For all is sweetness-all is light
Beyond the night.
Oh, haste, sweet hour that no man knows;
Upllt us from our Cumbcring woes
Where joy and peace shall crown the right
And persisted hopes shall blossom bright
To aching hearts bring sweet repose
Beyond the night.
Samuel Mntun Peck
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
Evils of AlcOhism.

The free lecture on Alcoholism de-
livered last Sunday afternoon at Tenn
perance Hall by DR.. John Stolze was
listened to by an audience which
nealy filled the auditorium. The
speaker said the subject naturally di-
yided itself into four heads 1st, the
physiology; I'd, the moral Sd, the
political, and 18th, the financial as
pect. OF these he would only have
time to consider the first, in fact not
the time to properly consider that,
but he would devote the hour to that
alone.
He then went back to the discovery
by an Arabian alchemist of the sub
stance known as alcohol. in the four
teenth century, who attributed the
most wonderful effects to the liquid.
He said itw was the elixer of life, which,
if men used it, would give them life
forever. 1t was also claimed to rem
der the acts of witches and evil spirits
null and void of harm. 1t twas uni
versal panacea for all ills. Well, the
result was that it sold by the drop at
fabulous prices, and the alchemist be-
came rich. But time showed that
men died as much as before, and that
the elixer was powerless to prevent
evil. The result was that the alchem-
ist was banished from the country as
an imposter. In the mean time the la
dies had face powder, that if rubbed
on the face or lips would redden
them, and when it was found that
drinking the liquid would redden the
face, they called it alcohol, name
which has since been universally
adopted. For nearly two hundred
years after its discovery, alcohol was
only known to the chemists, but in
1900 the English first found its ma
ture and effect, and commenced its
manufacture and use.
Alcohol is a poison. Pour any of
it on a plant or flower, and it will
wither and die. It is no less a poi
son to man. Taken into the system
it corrodes the mucous membrane of
the stomach, causing liberation and
disease. Here the leturer illustra-
ted the subject by exhibiting the
stomachs of persons who had died
Of gastritis Of alcoholism. The cor
roded membranes showed the terri
Bile effect of the disease. The pro-
gress of the moderate drinker was
shown by illustrated charts from life.
The lecturer said that alcohol har-
dened the albumen and preserved
the tissues. If a portion Of the albu-
men from fresh egg was covered
with alcohol the effect would be to
harden it until it looked as if it had
been cooked. Just so albumen af-
fected the albumen of the human
brain. 1t hardened it and the i'm
mediate effect was delirium tremens,
and the horrible visions which
marked that disease. Generally the
first attack proved fatal, but that no
one could survive the third attack.
The majority of deaths from drink
were at a stage long ways before
delirium tremens. Scientists and
demonstrators of anatomy liked to
get hold of a drunkard's brain for
dissection, as it was hard and in
fine condition for the knife. The
lecturer has seen alcohol in the brain
Of drunkard in such aquantity that
itwould burn like alcohol in another
place.
The lecture was intensely listened
to by those present, who evidently
got some new and valuable ideas OF
the physiological effect Of alcohol
Mobile Register.
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
Crinlinalit!y.

Drunkenness is crime every
where in the known world. Men
are taken up and fined for drunken
ness. In granting license you le-
galize a crime and sell the permit to
violate the law, SCI a trap and bait it
with free lunch, then you punish
him for being caught. Consistency
thou art a jewel. Z.
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02

every voting precinct in the State.
1t is to oppose the enactment and
enforcement ofall "sumptuary laws"
In short. it, with its hundreds of
thousands of dollars, is to be the
power behind ''the power behind the
throne" in Indiana pOlitics.-Ex.
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02

Secretary Endicott, selected by
President Cleveland as Secretary of
War. has for years been a regular
contributor to the work of the Mas
sachusetts Total-Abstinence Society.
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02

Ii Ell Mahdi does not keep sharp
lookout Wolseley will get away from
him after all. Everything points to
a resolve, on Wolseley's part, that if
Ell Mahdi wants the Soudan he can
have it Philadelphia Inquirer.
Sword and shield. (Clinton, Miss.) 1885-1888, 1885-05-02
all should lat the end of the year, it
is not unlike the following:
w. ,,,,>.I;oo r. IL

10 al. al........................... $3.50
Proceeds Of the years crop:
Ten bales cotton, .......... .S40O
One hundred gallons syrup, 49,. SO
Other products chickens, eggs,
milk, butter, ETC., ,........~. 15O
Total .................. ...........S6OO
And by leaving out doctors bills,
medicine, school tuition, and taxes,
and putting the highest market value
on all he sells, he is behind SO he
is compelled to sell some of his stock
to satisfy the supplying merchant; /;
and, too, the merchant loses. He
pays fifteen cents pound for meat !;
sells cotton for ten and lower; pays
one dollar a bushel for corn, when he
could, easily enough, raise it him
self. This estimate is based on a
good crop year, but what would be
the consequences if 1t was not ?
Ruin to himself and, most likely, to
his merchant, for that individual is
forced to pay a dear price for his sup
plies, and the failure Of a farmer is
felt all along the line. How can a
farmer hope for better times with his
smoke-house and corn-crib in the
West? He will, eventually, be ruin
ed by it, but he continues, year after
year, to 90 deeper in debt, always ex-
pecting better times; he will live and
die in expectation, but his hopes will
not be realized unless he changes his
storeroom. Never will he rise above
his present condition until he learns
to LIVE AT HOME. Raise his own
meat, corn, flour, rice, sugar, molas-
ses, etc, etc, he can and should do
so. Then he would have some spare
change, and be more independent;
his family could enjoy more of the
pleasures of this life; he would be
happy, not miserable, as he can not
now help being, and his children
could enjoy the educational advan-
tages that they do not now have.
These are some of the chief reasons
for the present depression in COM
mercial circles, for the farmer is the
main stay, and when he fails it is felt
more or less, by every one; and un-
til change is made, and until di-
versity in farming, and living at
home is the rule, instead Of the ex-
ception, the cry will ever be ''hard
times. "-Ex.
The Hazlehurst signal., 1885-10-08
The Hague.

Il Is said that The Hague, moro
than any other place, may recall what
Versailles was just before the great
Revolution. 1t has thoroughly the as
poet Of little royal city. Without any
of tho crowd and hustle Of Amsterdam
and Rotterdam, il is not dead like the
smaller towns Of Holland; indeed. 1t
seems to have n quiet gayety. without
dissipation. Of its own. All around the
parks and gardens, whence wide streets
lead speedily through the new town Of
tho rich bourgeoisic to the old central
town Of Stockholders, where n beautiful
lake, the Vijver. or fish pond. comes rs
a surprise. with the eccentric old pal
ace of the Binncnhof rising straight out
Of its waters. We had been told II was
picturesque, but were prepared for
nothing so charming as the variety OF
steep roofs and towers, the clear rehec-
tions, the tuftel islct, and the beautiful
coloring of the whole scene OF the
Vijver. Sketches in Holland, augustus
J c. Hare.
The Hazlehurst signal., 1885-10-08
BOUCLE WOOlENS.
Late Importation of Faii and Winter
Goods-Description of the Fabrics.

Late Importation OF Faii and Winter
Goods-Description OF the Fabrics.
Merchants have already received their
first installments Of autumn and winter
dress goods. Wooden stuifs Of plain
color promise to remain in favor for
street and walking costumes in prefer
cnce to the silks, satins and velvcts that
are reserved for house toilets. The
novelty in these is the introduction OF
boucle effects, having curlcd loops OF
the fabric woven in stripes, palms or
other figures as borders, or else cover
ing the entire surface Of tho cloth; In
the latter case the material resembles
Astrakhan cloths, but is much lighter
and less shaggy. Bouclc jersey stufls
with soft loops covering a webbed sur
face are commended for basques and
Jackets to be worn with skirts OF plain
diagonal wool that are bordered with
bands Of the bouclc stuff; these new
rough.surfaccd jersey goods are very
arm.looking. and are so full and thick
that they will be becoming to slight ig-
ures, because they will add to the appar-
ent size. In many other now fabrics
bouclc stripes are seen; for instance, the
winter canvas stufs-like the etamine
of the summer, yet closely woven to
form smooth surface--have along one
sclvedge two rows Of large palm leaves
in boucle loops to serve as border;
there are also bison scrges, with wide
diagonal lines for part OF tho dress, to
be worn over skirt Of the same that
has dashcs of boucle mohair all over 1t,
giving thick. looking and shaggy fab
ric for the skirt of the dress. Bayadere
boucle stripes are also shown for the
skirt and vests Of plain serges. Cancels
hair serges are shown in tine qualities.
soft yet rough on the surface, like the
bison cloths now worn; these come 10 q
dark plain color and in mixtures OF
dark color with black, such rs red with
black. and green or blue with black,
while brown, drab and sage colors arc
dashed with red or blue. These fab.
RIGS are also shown with frise figures,
palms and stripes, or with frlse bor-
der near one selvedgei they come in
double widths, forty.cight inches wide.
and are to be had In black US well as In
The Hazlehurst signal., 1885-10-08
$500 A YEAR.
nose through tho half.opcned shell Of

nose through tho half.opcned shell OF
the oyster.
Now II had been there, would hayo
whispcrcd "Bc very careful. little MIR.
Mouse. for. with all your cunning and
Boosting, you may get yourself into a
fix yet"
And 1t was just as you have doubtless
suspected oyster was dtirc! and no
sooner had the little mouse pokcd his
nose into the opening than 1t closed
with sudden spring, and 10! tho little
mouse was caught at last!
Now dare say. II ho had been given
tho time to think over II all, his ono
thought would have been that he was
not such very wise little mouse after
all.
Little boy. little girl, I am very much
afraid there arc some Of you just like
this wise () little mouse. Oh yes, YOU
arc quitc sure you have wit enough to
keep out of danger. You are too sharp.
so you think, erer to be caught in Il
trap. Take care! The oyster looked
very tempting and harmless to the liz
tic mouse, but within lay danger
death. Carleton Kouard, IN HnpeTs
Young People.
The Hazlehurst signal., 1885-10-08
The DIFFERENCE.

A Sweetheart Who Would Eiopc Even
Though shs Had to Furnish the
Doodle.
That's exactly what I'm going to
do myself" she said. as she looked up
from tho novel she was reading on the
ferryboat the other afternoon.
"whatp" languidly qucricd Gawge
"Elopc. I'm going to let myself
down by rope ladder"
"Aw!"
"And you'll be on hand to receive
me-"
"Awm
"And We will fly together and be
married"
"Awi"
"And return and fall upon our knees
and be forgiven"
"Aw!"
"Oh, Gawgc, promise me that we
will do so!'
"Can't do it."
"But why?"
"It will cost two dollars for a ropo
ladder. To fec in hack would cost
two dollars more. The preachers fee
would be three dollars, and IL would
cost something to ride back home.
Can't do 1t, my dear. Everything must
be in tho regular way, even to your
father tipping the clergyman" :,
"But. Gawgc, my dear. II should
furnish the DOODLE"
"Oh-aw-but that alters the case,
you know! Under those circumstances
no true gentleman could refuse to clope
with his allianced. Begin to practice
rope-ladder gymnastics at once. lie
f,.oiI ErSe press