davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
ThreeProfits a Year.

Sheep afford double income annu-
ally, lambs and wool, and must be
considered among the most profitable
of farm stock, especially where the
fences and accommodations are adapt.
ed to them. My experience proves
that sheep pay best which yield three
profits year. This can be accomplied
by selecting good framed healthy,
middle aged ewes in August, or early
in September, and turning them with
Southdown or other mutton breed
ram, 30 they will drop their lambs at
any time from January Is, to February
Is. Suitable warm and comfortable
quarters. of course, need to be pro-
vided. Give these ewes run at gras:
during the fall, and have them come
into winter quarters in good condition.
If the pasture is not fine, give little
corn daily all through tho fall. When
housed for the winter, feed plenty Of
good clover hay and have water by
them at all times. Give little corn
every day. When lambs begin to drop
feed liberally with turnips, or bran
and corn. After the lambs are all
born, and the danger Of caked bags
has passed. cotton seed and meal may
be fed to advantages: in fact, feed the
eve for milk as you would milch
COW. As soon as the lambs are old
enough to cat, which they will be at
an early age, have pen separate from
the sheep, and accessible to the lambs
at all times. containing trough from
which they can eat. Feed meal of oats
and corn ground together, two parts
oats to one of corn, cracked corn, and
oats. Change the feed and encourage
them to eat all they will. Keep them
dry and warm with plenty of room
for exercise. Sell as early as they are
ready for market and when they will
bring the highest prices. After the
lambs are sold. keep on feeding the
ewes all they will bear. Shear early,
and then sell the we'll fattencd ewes to
the butcher. BY this process you get
your three profits. VIZ: lambs, wool,
and the difference between thinnish
store sheep in August, and fat sheep
in May or June, when. because OF
of scarcity, mutton brings the highest
price. The Southdown ram, of course.
may be retained with which to repca,
the same course the next fall. 1t is
a we'll established fact among the
most prosperous sheep growers near
large cities. that one we'll cared fol
early lamb is worth half dozen borl
in May or June.-J. Din,on in Ame,1
can Agricu1vrtst for February.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

OK New Years night, 1868, Presi.
dent Lincoln signed the emancipation
proclamation. As he took up the pen
he said to Secretary Stanton: .My
arm 10 numb to the shoulder from so
much haadshaking. If my hand trem-
bles they will say it was because I was
afraid" Then he threw out his under
lip in q peculiar manner, and wrote
the unfaltering signature, ga. Lin
coin, that gave freedom to over three
million blacks.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
What is Erxots

Ergot + fungus that develops upon
the young grain Of various species of
the grass family, more especially the
common rye. When full grown the
Affected grains are several times their
normal size, dark brown or purple
upon the surface, and gray and hard
within. The common name for this
fungus (Claviceps purparea) is "spur-
red rye;;"s SO called from the resem-
blanae ot the long, curved and pointed
grains to, the spurs Of a cock. The
lie history of the parasitic plant is as
follows: The spores (seeds) Of the
ergot find their way to the young
dowers Of the grass and germinate,
after which the filaments OF the fun
gus penetrate tho ovary and change
the interior into mass of threads.
Spores are soon formed upon the sur
face Of the infested ovary, which serve
to rapidly propagate the fungus on
other grains. As the season advances
the ergotted grains cease to form sur.
face spores, increase to their full size,
and usually remain as such until
spring. At this time, those grains
that have fallen on wet ground or
otherwise have sufficient moisture,
produce long stalks from their surface,
bearing globular heads, and within
these are borne vast numbers of spores.
The hard, oily, ergotted grains, may
be considered the winter state of the
fungus-a condition of inactivity out
of which it comes with renewed vigor
in the spring.
krgot has long been known as a
poison, which, when taken in large
quantities, has induced dreadful dis
ease sometimes terminated onlv by
death. In the hands of careful prac-
titioner it is d powerful medical agent
Of grea! value. When present in con-
siderable quantities. III rye, it has
sometimes caused serious epidemics
among people who have fed largely
upon bread made from the ergotted
grain. 1t is not our purpose to re-
count the fearful misery that ergotism
has brought to mankind, especially in
those countries where rye has been the
leading cereal food. It is sufficient to
state that gangrene, and loss of the
extremities of the afflicted persons
have frequently resulted from eating
bread made of ergotted grain.
The live stock of the farm are not
exempt from the evil results of ergot-
ism. That many Of the epidemics
which have occurred among flocks and
herds, both in this country and abroad,
have been due to ergot is we'll estab-
lished.-Dr. Halsted, in american IA.
,.icnlturist for February.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

BALzAc being asked to explain an
abstruse passage in one of his books,
frankly owned that he had no mean
ing at all. '.You sec," said he, ..for
the average reader all that is clear
seems easy, and if 1 did not sometimes
give him complicated and meaning
less sentence, he would think he knew
~ much as myself. But when he
comes upon something he cannot COM
prehend. he re-reads it, puzzles over
1t. takes his head between his hands,
and glares at it, and, finding it impos-
sible to make head or tail out of it.
says: Great man, Balzac; he knows
more than I do!''
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
NEWS or THR VBRk sUnnllngD.



WAsaMdTox, Specia Telegram, fsh 10A
There has besn grsa3 dsai u sufbsise ex-
pressed to-day ct! tie ht6tamptness OF the SON
ate In voting 6h the Texas Paoiho forfeiture.
The expectation was that no voto would be
reached this session. II % said Senator
Books nsrce attack j Morgan of Alabama
and other Democratic senators for delayinR
action had tts effect to bsing 0A IA immedi-
ate vota Forfeiture men are 1ubilant at the
result, and feel eufe that other triumphs will
follow. Tho house has already passed bills
ffoefeatthg over hfty million acres Of land,
With an average value. at the lowest esti-
mate, Of SO to $16 per acre, but owing
to the tardiness Of the senate, only,one Of
these bills-the Oregon Central-has become
Law. Tho house started in at the beginning
of tho Forty eighth congress with determi.
nation to forfeit all the uneaEned lands held
BY the railroad corporationA me public
lands committee. with M. Cobb for chair
man, worked hard, and reported bills to the
house Tor forfeiting over 100, ,OO0. 900 acres.
Their consideration was pressed upon the
house BY Mr.. Cobb and NJ. Payson, and bills
were passed last session declaring forfeited
seven small Southern grants, amounting in
all to about 100000 acres, the
Texas Pacific 5000, 900. tho Ore
eon Central 1900, 600, the California
Z Oregon 5000. 900, and tho Atlantic 4
Pacific 5000, 600 acrea The other for
feiture bills, which forfeit aH6ut 90, ,OOO, 900
acres, are on the house calendar. Tho SEN
ate has acted very slo@ly upon these bills
They passed the Oregon Central with an
amendment giving the railroad tho lands co.
teraminous with their work at the end Of the
time the entire work should have been CON-
pleted This the house agreed to do after
some protestation, and the forfeiture, re-
duced to 1000, 900 acres, became law.
The only Others the senate has passed are the
Atlantic Il Pacific, which they 20 amended
that 1t took from the bill ita whole character,
referring the matter to the court Of claims
Tor settlement. which amendment the house
would not agree to, and the bill cannot
become law unless the senate recedes from
its position on the Texas Pacific bill yester-
day. Among the bills reported upon by the
house public lands committee, but not yet
acted upon by the house, is the Northern Pa
ctdc, amounting to So, 600, 900 acreA All
on the 4th Of March. but they will be intro
duced into the next house, and being in such
complete form they can then be acted
upon without much delay, the committee
considering them in merely q formal way.
The Texas land forfeiture bill, as passed by
the senate yesterday, meets with the ap-
proval Of the house committee, and a. soon
as tho bill comes over to the house MI. Rea-
gan will move to concur ia the senate
amendments, and the bill will be sent to the
president for his signature
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

Iperduous water compelled to 20 out
through. these instead Of creeping
lazily over the surfacep It can be
made the best grass land on the farm.
Why not make 1t 20. and handle the
dollars that come from maximum
cropsp Brain power can be increased
BY reading and digesting the instruct
I've contents Of agricultural papers
WNs. QSe ~ ASssviedn Agricssltwrist for
FebruayV.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

ANNA DICKINSON has abandoned pol.
itics. dropped such characters as
Claude Melnotte and Hamlet on the
stage, has resumed her old position on
the lecture platform, and is now enjoy
ing reasonable success in some of the
NewvEng land towns.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

THEODORE TtLroN is living in Paris.
where he Is described as giving good
dinners to good persons. writing vol
ume OF poems, and mingling in art
tsac society. including that Of Sarah
8ernhardt
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

ONE of the most enthusiastic demo.
crats who expects to be present
at the Inauguration ball at Wash
ington Is an old lady of 75 years,
who danced with Andrew jackson
when he was president, and who at
tended the last democratic inaugura-
Hon ball.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

EsaLa5H is the popular foreign Ian.
yuage in Scan dinavia, but not because
Of English influence, 1t is due to the
American ties that reach every hamlet
in the peninsula by reason of some rel
ative or dear friend in the great free
land beyond the waters.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

Cart. NATHAN APPLETON, Of New
York, advances the prediction that
the Panama canal will be completed
before the Americans get through with
tho details of beginning work at Mic.
arapua.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

The curse of the eldest son of the
father Of the human race seems to be
no longer effective. The British par
Lament and the American congress
have each . member bearing the name
Of Csine.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
Q .. wsr.i.,,,s van.

Milwaukee Special Telegram, Feb 1a--This
aftsenoon tho win of ts,s late sherburn g Nsr.
III Was fled IN t1e probate court together
with IN application for IL probate, made BY
lra Mary z Morrill,, the widow. Tho petition
rscisss that tho deceased left personal proper
y worth asah 1000 and real estate worth
4Ao@ H Merrill left hs follow
"a .Sirs ss1ion IaS 1errl sss1diss s%iss
aged twenty three; Fred +. Merrill, aged
twenty, and Richard Merrill aged sixteen.
The viii 10 dated July 22, 1884 John J. John.
ston, David Q. Green, Benjamin g. Lennox, and
AL Merrill are named e executors By tho
VII the homestead on Grand avenue and the
The executors are also directed to set apart $500
GOO and pay Mrs. Merrill the interest on the
same from year to year. Annual. beqnesA Of
goo each are made TO Nsrcisse Heath Of
Conoorit Masa.; And Chastina Walker Of
shl' h-atS:. sis sisters, - and Moses Moses n Merrill
tator having, during his lifetime, given
property worth 4O,O06 to his eldest daughter,
Ars. Becker, tract ofland lying between Grand
avenue and Wells street and Western avenue
and Twenty fourth street is given to Mrs Grant
smith, the other daughter, and the executors are
instructed M 70 erect 3 house upon the same at .
including the reversion Of the homestead and
tho $4,000 already mentioned is to be turned
over TO the executors who are empowered to do
with Il % they. may deem best in order 70
invest 1t proftably. The testatof then gives
directions for the nal disposition Of his estate.
One-fourth Of the residuery estate is to go to
Mrs. Becker, and il she shall die without issue
the said one fourth is to be divided into three
equal shares and given to the testators other
children; The same provision is made in re;
gard to Mrs. Smith, the other daughter. Tho
two other one fourth shares are bequeathed to
the two sons, Richard and Fred +. Merrill. II
the four children should die leaving no issue
the residue to be paid over to the next Of kin in
tho proportion fixed BY law. If at any time tho
three, the judges Of the supreme court are ia
select successor. The executors are not ia
be required to give bonds. The will is attest
ed by p. n Myers, s. W. Green andD. g. Wegg.
Tho genuineness Of two unimportant correc-
tons is attested by Benjamin G. Lennox, w. r.
Morrison and D. s. Wogg. Judge Mann sci
the matter for hearing at the April term, and
appointed W. J. Turner guardian I'D Item, Of
sidered to be worth about 42,0O0,OO0
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
Discussed tho Tariff

NEW YORK, Special Telegram, Feb 90
Prof. W. G. Sumner, of Yale college, and
Gen. Stewart L. Woodford of Brooklyn dis
cussed The tariff question for two hours this
evening IN tho American Art association
rooms. Brooklyn. The debate was held
under the auspices of the Revenue Reform
club Of that city, and attracted to the hall al
most twice - many people as could be ae-
commodatedL Two thirds of the audience
had to stand throughout the debate, but
they listened attetively to the dis
cussion until the close The question
Vas was SHOULD the tariff laws of the
Prof. Sumner argued in the affirmative, and
Gen. Woodford took the opposite view. The
Yale theorist consumed the first half hour of
the debate by stating his we'll views
on the iniquity of the tariff system and the
necessity ct an immediate return to a
he followed the same line of argument
which he had used in all his public
speeches and pamphlets. Gen. Woodford
was roundly applauded as he stepped for
ward to the reading desk Fora time he
confined himself to answering what Prof
Sumner had called sthe fundamental falla-
cies of protection" but afterward made q
general statement of the benefits of protec-
ton He said ip part:
believe in the tariff because am an Amer
lean, and have the good OF the country 1t heart.
l don't care to give our market over to the i'm.
porters. and the nations wealth 10 great enough
and its industries strong enough to give
us fair chance to strike the markets abroad in
return. When the iron industries Of Pennsyl.
vanis and the cotton mills of New England are
sufficiently developed to allow us to compete with
European countries on their own ground, then
we shall be willing to let them compete with us
,SoaI wonid have peace. p comfort and content s :
second law that was PASSED BY con. on
gress in 1887 was to introduce . proper
tarth system. andfts preamble read in order to
develop and encourage American industries" 80
wo started, and. after almost ccn-
tury, We are independent Of tho whole
world in everything. Wages are higher,
goods are cheaper and the people
are richer. Why? Because the nation has fol-
lowed In the line marked out by that resolution.
30 far as the present business depression Is con.
cerned, believe that It Is due to the con.
slant threat Of free traders and the constant
fear Of the manufacturer and the importer of
radical changes In the tariff system. Stop agita-
tion and prosperity will reign. II this country
could have anything positively stable and settled
In its financial and commercial legislation
If we would have ono system continuously
within twenty-five years America would control
the manufactures and business Of tho world.
We are nearer to 1t to-day than we ever were,
and the advance has only begun.
In concluding, Gen. Woodford said:
The free traders have never dared to ask vote
Of the country on the question. They are afraid
to. Evcrv time that 1t has been introduced they
have been repudtated by the voice Of the people
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
SENSATIONAL ASSAULT.

OTTAWA, Ont, Special Telegram. Feb 20
"A sensation took place in the corridors Of
the house this evening. Landry of Mont
magny, NJ p, made cpwardly attack on
Charles Langlier, brother Of Langlier, M. p,
q leading Quebec journalist and politician.
Langlier was in conversation with the
minister of customs when Landry came up
and asked If he wrote certain articles in
le Lecteur. Langlier said he did not want
anything to do with him Thereupon Landry
took from behind his back q riding whip,
having the lash rolled around his hand
two or three times, and struck Langlier with
the butt on the forehead, stunning him.
Dealing couple more blows he sneaked
into the house for protection Beside Lam
dry stood Itudel, chief Of the river police of
Quebec. who also made wordy attack on
Langlier. Landry. after entering the house,
handed his whip round among his friends
The excuse made by Landry for attacking
his opponent was that he accused him in his
paper Of being in open adultery with his Sis
ter-in-law. The case will be ventilated in
the courtA Lundry edits the Nouvelista
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

SILVER and gold bearing quartz has
besn struck at Q depth of $50 feet in
An artesian well now being bored on
tho old fair-groands at Petaluma, CAL
ncrnia,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

Tn tile-fish found in deep waite,
soata OF New England, in 1879. and
which promised to be q valuable food
supply, has entirely disappeared.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

AZ ics bridge has beenY formed across
! athe AlagArs river just bslow thS falls.
Old residents say il is the finest that
has been formed for years.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

BEsssE LoNa, Of Goldendale. Wash.
tngeoa territory, was 8 years old last
August, and weighs a2t pounds. Her
mother weighs $50 pounds.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

Oven thirty bodies are awaiting cre-
NATION in the furnace of the New York
Cremation society at Mount Olivet, N.
J. Il win be completed by March.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
Z = I, 70 0UIH, plbh,hsr.
CURRENT TOPICS
THEas ~ I've thousand unemploy.
u mea q Hdnslc.
THraz are thirty-two miles Of ole.
! satsd eailway in New York city.

4 WaEx tAs Alaska Indians want b
( ~ drunk they drink koclynahoo.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

The Fontaine locomotive, which won
peculiar celebrity some time ago on the
line of the Canada Southern, has final
ly disappeared. The central idea was
the introduction of two friction wheels
above two driving wheels. By the
contact of the upper wheel with the
lower, greater number of revolutions
per minute, and hence a greater speed,
could be obtained. A company was
formed with $1,000, 900 nominal capi-
tai stock at S25 per share. Two en-.
gines were built at an expense of $685.
600, but they proved failure. Alto
gcther the company paid out s645;oO
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

The roller-skate dates back to- 1861. The
patents ran for II years. Not until the patent
rights ran out did it become popular. Now
| there are some fifteen hundred legitimate rinks
through the moth, and 1t is the universal aud
popular craze.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

1H public schools Of Tucson, Ari.
soma have been CLOSED since Dec. 1
on account Of . diphtheria epidemic.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
THExs ars about six thousand ma.
ont Of work In Montreal and suburbs.
CouNEcrBcur savings banks have
I'll. 900. 600 invested in western securi.

Im highest-prioed pew in Grace
church. New York. cost the owner
-. GOO.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

The body of drowned Chinaman was
found hanging by the arms from tie +" Ks of
Il ,,ec at Jelly's ferry, twelve miles II II
tel Bluff, Ca, recently. The body had evt
aenNy lodged there during the treshei,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
The Milwaukee 4 St. Paul Managers.

Roswell Miller. who was yesterday appointed
general manager Of the Chicago, Milwaukee q
81. Paul as the successor to the late General
Manager 8. 8. Merrill, was, previous to Nay,
cessively. Of the Cairo q vincennes railroad.
The lstter ONCE he accepted under the charge Of
the receivers having been chosen for his eminent
fitness. From May, 1882, to April, 1888, he was
second vice president and treasurer Of the Chi
caeo 4 Western Indiana Railroad company;
from April, 1888. to March, 1884. he WAS sssist-
ant to General Manager Merrill, Of the Chicago,
Milwaukee 4 St. Paul. Since March, 1884, he
has been assistant general manager Of the road.
By those who know him, Mr.. Miller is described
as an able railroad Official and 10 considered one
Of the smsrtest Of the rising mon Of the country.
He ts about forty years old: hair dark: eyes
keen in expression. He Is clear-headed. quick
70 srasp the scope o. intricate question: and con-
he undertakes to do, and can Admiralty All tho
position Of general manager Of tho Milwaukee
road, to which he has just been appointed.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27

There is no doubt that, notwithstanding the
many disadvantages under which the man.
ayers Of the New Orleans Exposition have Ia.
bored, 1t is, to say the least, a fair show, and
should have fair show.-Pittsburgh Com.
nerci0L Gdzsfte
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-02-27
Fatally Stabbed.

RocnsrER, Special, Feb. 20.-A bloody
and probably fatal stabbing ARRAY took place
on the farm of Jack Sullivan in Haverhill
township, near here jeremiah DAILY and tho
Mackin brothers, John and Tom, are rival
rag peddiers. and fell into dispute over the
profits they had made. Words ran high, and
ugly wound in Days side. The blow was
returned, Tom Nackin came 10 his br0ther's
aid, aud q savage fight ensued Some farm
ers passing saw the melee und came to the
spot The Nacktns disappeared. but DAILY
wns fearfully laoerated and unable to move
There were @ % more than forty cuts I1 IN his body,
bly, die Tho Nackiu brothers arc still ct
liberty.