davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-09-11
Proceedings Of the Pembina County
Commissioner.
AuplroR's OFFICE.

AuDIToR's OFFICE.
Pembina, Sept. Z, 1885.
Board met pursuant to adjournment at
2 p. m. Present, Messrs. Hurley, Wallace,
Bergman, Arnold and county auditor.
The board proceeded to appoint com.
missioner to fill the vacancy in commas
sioner district No. ], caused by the resig-
nation of MIR. &c. Myrick.
Unanimously resolved that L. NJ. Nix
on be appointed county commissioner for
commissioner district No. l. to ill the
unexpired term of +. q. Myrick, resign
ed.
Liquor bond of Randall & Norton up.
proved, also bond of johnson & Bristol.
Mr.. ]. NJ. Tuohy, clerk of the district
court presented his official bond which
was approved.
Board organized rs a board of equaliza-
ton.
Board adjourned until o q. m. rs n
board of equalization.
Mr.. f. NJ. Nixon presented his ccrtiti-
cate of appointment and took a seat rs u
member of the board.
Board adjourned as county board UNI
til 2 p. IN. September Stll, 1885,.
Tuesday, September Sth 1885.
Board met pursuant to adjournment
and proceeded with equalization glasses
ment.
Board adjourned until until 2:3O p. III.
Board met as board of county commits.
siOners at 9 p. IN.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-09-11
Continued next week.
A Gentle Hint to Town and Country
House Keepers.

Ifyou llayc not been at Thompson's
Grocery Store yet, just drop in and see
him, he will be glad to see you and think
it no trouble to give his prices before
making your purchases elsewhere. Also
will exchange for butter and eggs.
Remember the place.-Old Express
Office. Pemblna.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1885-09-11

BILLS ALLOWED:
David Wright, plastering ceiling
ofcourt room and taking old
plaster of, 177 yards at 10 cts,
$40 80, S54 yards kalsomining,
s cts, 1920; placing ventila-
tors in foundation of Jail and
court house, and repairing
chimney, $50, ..................... Sl22 IS
John F. Travis, or index to fill
lngS, OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES. ~ 20
John Morris Co., stationery and
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. IL 20
q. B. Winship, county tax lists,
records for clerk of the court,
Office and tax receipts. PSI 90
w. b. Mcneil, bal. constable fees
i'll Nichols and Edgerton cases II 50
q. Moore &Co. paper for trcasur-
urer's office. Observation-Disclosures. Is 35
Bristol & Macarthur, books and
stationery, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" 80 %
G. Moore & Co., medicine to Co.
poor,..................... 1G IS
I. E. Ycrxa, goods to poor........ 50 az
PIONEER EMPRESS, printing COM
missioners' proceedings, notices
and blanks for May, June, July
and August, .......................... IL 95
John Freeman, constable fees,
case of S. Stephenson, an in
sane person ........................... Is 90
Resolved that the auditor be and is
hereby instructed to purchase the neccs-
sary field notes for the county.
Continued next weekly
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
FREELY LIGHT.
Something About . Very Curious Little
Insect Which all Persons Have Seen.

Something About q Very Curious Little
Insect which AL Persons Have Seen.
NM. Aubert and r. Dubois have re-
Gently made a number of interesting OBJ
servations on the light emitted by
s'pyrophores, or fire-bearing insects of
the family Elateres, genus Pyrophorus.
These pyrophores have three luminous
organs, one situated at the ventral part
and two at the superior part of the pro-
thorax. The last are always visible.
and were submitted to the tests. The
light was produced by rubbing the insect
with light brush, and was examined
by means of an ordinary spectroscope
with a prism of very refrangible glass
and micrometer. The spectrum was
very fine. continuous, and showing
neither brilliant nor dark rays. This
peculiarly has already been pointed out
bv Pasteur and GerneZ, who studied the
light from pyrophore belonging to the
late Able Moigno, editor of Les Mondes.
The spectrum occupied about seventy
five divisions of the micrometer, and
extended on the red side to the middle
of the interval which separates the rays
A and b of the solar spectrum, and on
the blue side little beyond the ray +.
When the intensity of the light varied,
its composition changed In a
remarkable manner. When the
brightness diminished the red
and orange disappeared entirely.
and the spectrum consisted OF green,
and little blue and yellow. The green
rays lasted longest. The contrary took
place when the light grew in brightness,
the green appearing first and the spec
trum extending little on the blue and
great deal on the red side. The least
refrangible rays are therefore emitted
last. No other luminous source known
appears to behave in like manner. The
only case which bears a resemblance is
that of sulphate of strontium becoming
phosphorescent under the action of light
at a growing temperature. AS the
temperature rises, rays less and less re-
frangible appear in the spectrum, but at
the same time, as Edmond Becquerel
has shown, the less refrangible rays
disappear. When the light of the organ
begins to appear, the central and for
ward part only of the organ Is luminous.
1t is only when the light is very bright
that the periphery of the organ i.
luminous. and then the red rays are
visible. The light was found to give
Photographic images on gelatino-bro-
mide plate; the insect being two cent?
meters from the plate, and the time of
exposure reduced from an hour to five
minutes. The photographs show that
the light of the pyrophore is capable OF
producing intense chemical effects, if
the smallness of the quantity emitted
be taken into account. The light also
determines the phosphorescence of sui
plate of calcium, after an exposure OF
five minutes; and eosine and azotate OF
uranium are rendered fluorescent by it.
Scientific american.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
A Phenomenal Family.

please, mann, give me a penny"
said one of the numerous infantile beg
oars who hound the streets between the
avenue and X and Twelfth and Fifteenth
Streets to lady yesterday afternoon.
The appeal was not an unusual one, and
although the applicant was very small
and not uncommonly dirty the lady APP
pealed to was passing her by without
notice. She was not to be discouraged
or put off by such treatment. however.
She persisted in her plea. please give
me a penny. My mother hasn't had a
mouthful to eat for three days, and she's
rot sixty-eight children"
The last part of this statement was
sufficiently striking to demand attention,
and the lady stopped.
s.What did you say, child?'' she asked
in some surprise.
The appeal was repeated through two
handsful of dirty fingers. winding up as
before with, ''She's got sixty-eight chill
dren."
"You must mean six or eight, l guess,
don't you," said the lady.
mo, she's got sixty-eight, and she
hasn't had mouthful," etc.
She got . penny.-Nationas Repub-
lican.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
NEW USE FOR FROGS.
Their Skins to be Used for Grating OF
the Human Flesh.

Their Skins to be Used for Grating on
the Human Flesh.
A new use for the frog has been dis
covered. A medical correspondent OF
the Lancet says that, finding the treat
ment of graduating wounds by skin.
grating is in country practice liable to
fall into disuse through the unwilling
ness of patients to part with the little
bit of skin necessary. he has lately been
induced to try experiments with othet
substances as substitute for human
gratis. As the outcome of these expe-
riments he finds that bits of skin from a
decapitated frog make gratis which
admirably answer all purposes. forming
a source of supply always at hand in
the country, except during the winter
months, and being easily applied on
account of their uniformity in thickness,
and necessitating no pain to suffering
humanity. The skin of single frog
Yields gratis for an enormous extent OF
surface, and preserves its vitality so long
that, if the patient is at a distance, the
portion of skin required can be carried
by the surgeon in his pocket for an hour
or more without injury. provided it is
wrapped in gutta-percha or other water
proof tissue to pyevent drying. The
frog is so extensively used for expert
mental purposes by surgical savants that
the appropriation of its skin for the
convenience of human beings whose
own skins require renewal is not a pro-
ceeding to which it can reasonably
object, more especially as it is decapi-
tated before being thus utilized. The
public, however, would be interested to
hear little more about these frog-grafts
before adopting them generally: Does
the skin of the frog when grated retain
its peculiarities? The point is of some
importance, as the appearance of a
person in speckled frog-skin would
hardly be prepossessing. May not frog.
grating also lead to an increase Of
toadyism?-PdHM Mall Gazette.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
WHAT A BLUNDER DID.
How . Competitors Error Came Near
Costing Man kis Life.

How . Competitors Error Came Near
Costing a Man Kis Life.
In the Youngstown correspondence of
an evening contemporary yesterday was
an item to the effect that well-known
young Pittsburgher dined in that thriv-
ing young city yesterday. 1t was
hurriedly sent to the composing-room
with mass of other copy, where the
Intelligent compositor" set it up
'sdied."
The city editor saw the item in the
proof and sent reporter ont for an
obituary of the deceased. Surprising.
of course, that the family We're already
acquainted with the sad news. the re-
porter sought the aged father, who sat
at his desk in a Smithtield Street Office.
MIR. - said the reporter, ''can
you give me any facts about Johns
death?'
John who?" exclaimed the old gen.
tleman.
why, your son, who died at Youngs-
town yesterday"
s.My Godl" and the old man turned
a deathly white and fell from his chair
to the floor. He was at once laid on a
sofa and a physician summoned. The
now thoroughly frightened reporter ran
back to the Office and told his story
Again the proof was ''cailed down, 7"
and with it the copy. when the error
was discovered. Again the reporter
was hurried out to make an effort to
repair the mischief he had done. OF
course his second appearance brought
great relief to the stricken father. who
had partially recovered. He was SO
broken up BY the excitement, however,
that he had to be put in n carriage and
taken home. The reporter was so
badly ratified by the affair that he had
to put on sub for the remainder OF
the day.-PHtsburgh Times.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
FARM AND FIREsIDE.
1t is said that the best of all fodder
for Sbaon IL Uood clover hay

1t is said that the best of all fodder
for sheep is good clover hay.
Milk, either fresh or sour. butter
milk, SKINNED milk, mixed with meal,
or in any other form, is just the thing
for fowls. 1t will pay better to give
waste milk to fowls than to pigs.-Chi-
cago Tribune.
Ginger Pudding: One cup sweet
milk. one-quarter cup butter, two eggs.
two large spoonfuls of ginger, two of
sugar, one of saleratus, two of cream of
tartar; flour enough to thicken; steam
two hours and half.-BOston Globe.
Any ailing fowl should be at once
removed from the flock to comfortable,
quiet quarters and specially treated with
medicines and food. A fowl is worth
saving, but is often neglected and left to
get well or die.-Prdirie Farmer.
When grain is cheap the farmer
should strive doubly hard to dispose of
it in the shape of pork, beef, poultry or
the products of the dairy and hem
house Even if it does not get full
market rates for grain so fed he will be
the gamer in the end.-E1change.
Cookies: Two cups of sugar, one cup
of butter, three eggs, not quite table,
spoonful of soda, dissolved into two
tablespoonfuls of water: nutmeg to taste,
and flour enough to roll out soft. Cut
into cakes and bake in q moderately hot
oven.-Ihe Household.
To make invisible ink, take linseed
oil, one part; water of ammonia, twenty
parts; pure water, one hundred parts.
Mix thoroughly and shake well before
using. To make the writing appear.
dip the paper in water. The characters
fade as the paper dries.-C Chicago
Journal.
A white ash tree with tall. straight
body, free from limbs, makes very
valuable timber. 1t is an excellent
flooring for kitchens and Mushrooms
which are not carpeted, as it does not
absorb water as the softer woods do.
The lower cut of the log should be sawn
up into whifiletrees, wagon poles and
other woodwork where ightness with
strength is desirable.-N. y Herald.
Golden Sauce: Four ounces of
butter, seven ounces of powdered sugar,
one gill of wine. two gills of cream.
half nutmeg, the yelks of six eggs;
scald the cream in two-quart basin
over boiling water; beat the butter,
sugar and eggs together; add the nut
meg, pour the hot cream over them.
then pour all in the basin over the boil
| ing water, add the wine and stir until it
thickens.-BoSton Budget.
DIR. Lawes thinks that the loss OF
nitric acid by being washed out of the
soil is greater in wet than in dry seasons.
Dry seasons, therefore. are favorable
for the production of large crops OF
wheat He further says that when
farmyard dung is employed to grow
wheat considerably larger amount OF
nitrogen must be applied to produce a
| given increase in the crop, as much OF
the nitrogen contained in the dung is
not in an active form.-Rurat Neu
| Yorker.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
Thermometers.
How They Should he Exposed In Order to
Work Satisfactorily.


Work Satisfactorily.
One of the first conditions to be re-
garded is that of securing a good height
above the ground, on which consider
able diversity of opinion prevails. Much
depends upon the immediate conditions
Of the locality. When this point is de-
cided upon, uniform and satisfactory
shelter or screen should be provided for
the instrument. The height and the
screen should be so adjusted that the
thermometer shall be free from ground
fog, and that access of the air to it
should be perfect. The shelter should
shield it from all reflected heat, from all
radiation from surrounding objects. as
well as from moisture. Many different
forms of shelter have been contrived in
different countries. In experimenting
upon the merits of these devices, q
standard of comparison is found in the
swung thermometer, or. as the French
call it, the Mermometre trOnde, which is
common thermometer attached to a
string or wire, and rapidly swung
through circle whose radius
is the length of the string. The
theory Of this arrangement is that, as
the instrument is rapidly brought in
contact with large mass of air. it must
give the temperature of the same, UNI
less the results are vitiated by other
causes. From number Of experiments
the following conclusions as to the best
disposition of shelters are advanced:
When exposed to direct sun-heat they
should be at least thirty-six inches long;
with proper precautions the thermom-
eter '.fronde" both dry and wet will
give the most correct air temperature
and relative humidity: single louvre
shelter is sufficient. The interposition
of a second louvre prevents the free
access of air, and if ventilation is used
it must affect the air which is propelled
to the thermometer. For obtaining even
approximate relative humidity in calm
weat her single louvred shelters are nee
essary, and for the best results an in
duced air current is essential, especially
in the winter in northern countries.
When window shelter is used there
should be free air-space of from six to
twelve inches between the shelter on
the north side of the building and the
wall. The simplest form of screen
would be four pieces of board ten or
twelve inches square, nailed together
boX-fashion, leaving the bottom and the
side toward the window open. The
thermometers, dry and wet. should be
placed five inches apart, near the center
of this screen, with their bulbs project
ing below the plane of the lower edge.
Shade may be given, at such times as
the sun is shining on the north side of
the house, by the adjustment of the
window blinds Chicago Times.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
: Insanity is Durable.
: All Sorts of Mental Alteration Treated
No Such Thing as Insanity.
: Step Up Stairs.

The reporter stepped up stairs. and in
q small back room found little, round,
red-faced woman in faded black dress.
Her fat little hands were clasped upon
her lap, and she looked altogether the
personification of careless good humor.
..Well. you don't look is if you were
insane" was her greeting. Il don t
look as if was insane either. do l? And
yet let me tell you there's many doctors
would tell you l was and prove it, too,
according to their own logic. Let me
tell YOU they are pretty nearly all OF
them mad themselves. They will tell
YOU person becomes insane from think
ing too much of one subject. There's
nothing insane about that. A man In
vents something. an engine or frees
cape; of course he fancies it s going to
supercede every other kind of an engine
or fire-escape. People laugh at him.
He sticks to his opinion. More folk
laugh at him. He gets angry and kills
some one. He's run in and tried for
murder. Up jumps one of these insanity
doctor cranks and proves that he suf-
fered from temporary alteration OF in
tellect. And if they have the good for
tune to prove that an uncle. cousin or
relative had an ungovernable temper
under provocation, they swear that tho
insanity is hereditary. All fiddle-faddle.
WHY, these doctors are mad themselves.
They have spent so much of their time
studying the subject from their own
point of view that they get to believe
that everybody but themselves are in
sane. Put any one of them in the dock,
and see if half dozen others won't
lump up and prove, logically and con-
clusively, that he isn't answerable for
his actions"
The little woman stopped for want Of
breath.
..Do you cure insanity" asked the re-
porter.
s.Of course do, what there is of it to
cure Change of scene. rational amuse-
ments. careful diet, change of occupa-
ton. open air and plenty of exercise;
those are my medicines. And the worst
kind of insanity, except, of course. born
idiocy or progressive idiocy, is bound to
give way under.that treatment. l don
believe in any other insanity, except
born idiocy. Temporary alteration is
nonsense. O, yes, I've doctored any
number of cranks and have sent them
all away cured, except one man. who
refused to pay me until improved his
mind. In ten minutes saw the task
was hopeless, and trotted him away
about his business. = Philadelphia
Times.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
LIGHTNING RODS.
An Explanation OF the Way They Act n
SAFEGUARDS.

An Explanation or the Way They Act rs
SAFEGUARDS.
A Neutrality-suspicious. consists essen
tally of long piece of metal, pointed
at the end, whose business it is. not so
much Gas most people imagine) to carry
off the flash Of lightning harmlessly,
should it happen to strike the house to
which the conductor is attached, but
rather to prevent the occurrence OF a
flash at all, by gradually and gently
drawing off the electricity as fast as it
gathers, before it has had time to
collect in sufficient force tor destruc-
tive discharge. 1t resembles in effect
an overflow pipe, which drains of the
surplus water of pond as soon as it
runs in, in such a manner as to prevent
the possibility of an inundation, which
might occur if the water were allowed
to collect in force behind dam or en-
bankment. 1t is flood-gate, not q
moat: it carries away the electricity OF
the air quietly to the ground, without
allowing it to gather in sufficient amount
to produce a flash of lightning. 1t might
thus be better called a lightning-pre-
ventor than a Neutrality-suspicious.; it
conducts electricity, but prevents light
ming. At first, all lightning-rods used
to be made with knobs on the top, and
then the electricity used to collect at
the surface until the electric force was
sufficient to cause spark. In those
happy DAYS, you had the pleasure of
seeing that the lightning was actually
being drawn off from your neighborhood
piecemeal. Knobs, it was held, must
be the best things, because YOU could
incontestably see the sparks striking
them with your eyes. But as time went
on. electricians discovered that if you
fixed fine metal point to the conductor
of an electric machine it was impossible
to get up any appreciate charge, be-
cause the electricity kept always leaking
out BY means of the point. Then it was
seen that if you made your lightning
rods pointed at the end, you would be
able in the same way to dissipate your
electricity before it ever had time to
come to head in the shape of lightning.
From that moment the thunderbolt was
safely dead and buried. 1t was urged.
indeed. that the attempt thus to rob
Heaven of its thunders was wicked and
impious; but the common sense OF
mankind refused to believe that absolute
omnipotence could be sensibly defied by
twenty yards of cylindrical iron tubing.
-CoraaiiA Magazine.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
OHIO COLLEGES.
The Buckeye States Great Number OF
These Institutions of Learning.

The Buckeye states Great Number Of
These Institutions of Learning.
1t is a fact perhaps not generally
known that Ohio has more so-calied
colleges than any other State in the
Union. While Illinois and New York
have twenty-eight each and Pennsylva-
MIA twenty-six, no other State
having more than nineteen. Ohio
has thirty-fve. But it is only
in the number of these institutions
that the State can boast. The r aggre-
gate income from the productive funds
Is but S21O,51O, and from tuition fees
hut s125.3S2. while the value OF all
grounds and buildings is but 81, ~. Sio.
and the number of volumes IN their
libraries but 16l, 1902. The number OF
students. however, in the preparatory
collegiate departments compares favor-
ably with the older States, New York
only surprising Ohio. How much bet
ter endowed the colleges of Massachu-
setts are than those of Ohio may be
seen at glance. With but seven col
lepes they have an income from pro-
ductive funds of 1921 1872, and receipts
from tuition Of S166,538 and 3OS, l26
volumes in their libraries; but the value
Of buildings and grounds is only ST.
$4,000. The colleges of New York and
Pennsylvania are also much better en-
dowed than those of Ohio, and are
vastly richer in libraries and apparatus.
Michigan, with only nine colleges,
shows up better than Ohio in the pro-
vision made for their support.-Csnesn-
uati Commercial Gazette.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
How to Save Money,

and we might also say-time and pain as
well, in our advice to good housekeepers
existing always to have a perfectly safe
remedy convenient for the relief and
prompt cure of the ailments peculiar to
woman-functional irregularity, constant
pains, and all the symptoms attendant
upon uterine Observation-Disclosures us to rec
ommend strongly and unqualifiedly Dr..
Pierce's "Favorite cription"-woman's
best friend. twill save money.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07
Lo.s OF Flesh and Strength,

W tn poor appetite, and perhaps slight
cough in morning, or on first lying down
at night, should be looked to in time. Per-
sons afflicted with consumption are pro-
verbally unconscious of their real state.
Most cases commence with disordered liver,
leading to bad digestion and imperfect as
similation of food-hence the emaciation,
or wasting of the flesh. 1t is q form Of
scrofulous disease, and is durable by the
use of that greatest of all blood-cleansing,
anti bilious and invigorating compounds,
known as DIR. Pierce's "Golden Medical
Discovery"
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1885-02-07

Mas. HARRIET CUMMINGS, Of Cincinnati,
o., writes: Early last winter my daugh-
ter was attacked with severe cold, which
settled on her lungs. We tried several medi-
cines, but she continued to get worse, and
finally raised large amounts of blood. We
called physician, but he failed to do her
any good. A friend, who had been cured by
DIR. WM. HALLS BALSAM FOR THE LUNGS,
advised me to give it q trial, and she began
to improve, and by the use Of three bottles
was entirely cured"