davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
THE EARrH's INTERIOR.

If we go downa deep mine we find at
the rock at the bottom is hotter than at
the top; if we sink very deep well the
water comes up warm. By observations
of this kind it has been found that the
earth gets hotter the deeper down we
go into 1t the ra te at which the tenn
perature increases is not everywhere
the same, but on the average it may be
put at 10 Fathrenheit for every go
feet we go down. We have been able to
get only very little way down into the
earth, nowhere as much as u mile, and
therefore we cannot say how far down the
temrerature continues to rise, or whether
the rate Mt which it increases is the same
at all depths. But what little we do know
makes it all but certain that the earth
is very much hotter inside that at the sur
face. For, consider what would happen
if we were to put coating of clay some
inches thick round red hot cannon
ball The heat from the ball would
travel or be conducted through the clay
slowly because clay does not allow
heat to pass rapidly through it. Still
there would be constant flow of heat
from the ball through the clay, and
this heat when il reached the outside of
the clay covering would pass away or be
radated into the air. In the end the
ball would grow cold. Now in the case
of the earth, we know that we have an
outside cold shell which corresponds to
the clay coating. Whether the earth is
hot all through like the cannon ball we
are not certain. but we have found that
portion of it, an interior shell, is
| hotter than the outside crust. The heat
from this hot part must be constantly
flowing away through the outside shell
and passing off into space and unless
there is something which constantly
supplies fresh heat the inside hot shell
would before this have grown cold as
outside crust This has not happened
so there must be something which keep:
furnishing the shell with heat ant
makes it cool much more slowly thar
it otherwise would. Several possible
ways of keeping up this supply of hea
have been suggested; the most liliel,
explanation is that the inside OF th'
earth is very much hotter even THAI
these warm depths we have been abl
to get down to-
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17

tell her that it didn't matter one brass
farthing if you had?"
mo"
"Nella, do you love me2 No
answer. "Do you know that | can't
get along without my little snowdropS
Do you know that | shall shoot myself
if you won't be my little wifeS Nella,
look at me-"
One shy huttering glance, when the
futtering heart seemed to shine out of
the glowing eyes, aud then her head
dropped ON his shoulder and his
mustache swept her cheek.
Eleanor" |"
The roses were swept aside by .
hasty .hand, and Clara Spence stood
transfixed by the sight before her In
stead of being in the least .abashed,
Lord Wilton raised his head with a
sunny smile.
"Ah, Miss Spence, you have just
come in time Let me introduce you to
my future wife!"
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
RINGING THE CHURCH BELLS.

at is the spirit of vandalism still
extant which wishes to do away with the
time-honored custom OF ringing church
bells" said prominent DIVINE.
"Civiization demands that many
obnoxious customs and foolish laws
should be done away with, but the pro-
gress of science, the morals Of the people
and general ery-day business are in
my opinion, not effected in the least by
church-bell ringing. The bell was
adopted before clocks were invented to
call people to worship. 1t was a time
piece itself, informing all in hearing OF
the hour. In England at one time the
carfew tolled the knell of parting day,
Just the same as the cannon at our
military forts are discharged at sunset.
THE atheistical iconoclasts, who
would be delighted to have not only the
bell ringing stopped, but the very foun-
dations of the churches razed, are the
chief instigators of the hue and cry that
the church bell must go. The old, loud
and continuous ringing has been
stopped and merry, silvery chimes peal
forth that gladden. the hearts of those
| who hear it. and sound like music in the
| heavens. Civilization does not neces-
| sarily require dead silence. admit
| that any noise persisted i'll for several
consecutive hours becomes monotonous
and disagree cable The church bells
only ring Mt certain hours, and then for
a brief period The old agnostic next
| door to the church howls against it and
writes an article to scientific magazine
setting forth what great nuisance the
! church bells is and how civilization
should blush to tolerate such a relic of
superstitious days A newspaper copies
the article and the general public is led
to believe that unless the church bells
stop ringing, not only will civilization
be throttled in its onward march, but
that the world will soon turn into a
bowling pandemonium, maddened by
bell ringing. They also allege that
every house has clock and nearly
every person n watch, SO at the
appointed hour they meet without being
called together by bell. This is to
great extent true. A great many
churches do not ring their bells t.
signify the time for services. They
frequently have stated hours for th'
chimes to peal, and on Sunday thes'
hours are just before services or afte
the close. AS long as churches ar
built with tall spires the bell with it
chimes will be with them, to sound a
certain hours Of the day. Then, too
there is poetry in the ringing OF tn
bells. A man who objects to them
rather matter-of-fact and disposed to b
hypochondriacal A large city has
,, great deal of noise made from man
different sources, but of them all, d
believe that church bell ringing is les
detrimental to head, repose and healt
than any The church bell may &c
but it will be many generations hence
when different order prevails an
when sound is less popular than
present"
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17

4 PECULIAR PLANT.

The pitcher plant, found on the
Island of Borneo, has long, narrow
leaves, each OF which has thick vein
running down the middle to the end,
where it forms cord, to which is
fastened kind of jug with lid and all
complete Round the top is a thick
rim stiff, like a wire which keeps the
soft side of the Jug in its place. The
upper part OF the pitcher is shaped like
funnel, which runs down to bowl
below. When flies and aunts settle
upon the edge and begin slipping the
honey hidden there, they slip down into
the pitcher which has some water at the
bottom. The narrow funnel or the stiff
hooks prevent their escape, and they
fall into the water, AS soon as fl!
| goes in the water begins to flow from tn,
sides of the pitcher and dissolves tn
body, forming a kind of soap whic'
feeds the plants. Sometimes thas
pitchers are so large that small birds Z
to drink, and the hools keep them IN
so they die there.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
Those who deserve success general
achieve it.
THE SMOKE OF CIGARETTES.

The inhalingo OF the smoke OF cigarettes
has been common practice, and unless
one is graceful in the art he is not con-
sidered professional consumer. The
London uedca Times, i'll commenting
upon this subject, says Of ordinary
cigarette smoking we say nothing; we
do not believe that smoking dozen
cigarettes day, in the ordinary way,
ever did grown-up person any tangible
harm. But inhaling the smoke is very
different thing Let even the most
inveterate smoker try this and he will be
convinced. Let him smoke an ordinary
Turkish cigarette while walking, and ut
some distance from meal, inhaling the
smoke well into the bronchial tubes
| Then if, before lie has finished his
cigarette, he does not find his head grow
dizzy, CT his heart begin to thump, or
his fingers tingle, we shall be quite ready
to congratulate him ON the possession
of an excellent organism Whether the
effect is due to an impression on the
termination of the vagus or whether
the active principle of the tobacco is
absorbed and carried straight to the
heart in the blood current, we shall mol
undertake to decide We only describe
the fact.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
LINCOLN AND STANTON.

A new Lincoln-Stanton story comes
from Washington. 1t relates to an
application for appointment as army
chaplain, which remains on file in the
War Department, and bears these
Endorsements Dear Stanton-Appoint
this man a chaplain in the army. A.
Lincoln" "Dear Mr.. Lincoln He is
not preacher. L. NJ. Stanton" Three
or four months elapse, evidently, and
then we have Dear Stnton-He is
now. A. Lincoln" Dear Mr.
Lincoln--But there is no vacancy. Il.
NJ. Stanton" Dear Stanton-Appoint
him chaplain at-large. A. Lincoln.
Dear Mr.. Lincoln There is NJ
warrant of law for that Z. NJ. Stanton.
Dear Stanton-Appoint him anyhow
A. Lincoln" Dear Mr.. Lincoln
will not. L. NJ Stanton" And h
told the applicant he could leave hi
petition on file.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
now Long WE SHOULD SLEEP.

The latest authority ON this yexed
question. DIR. Malins says that the
proper amount of sleep to be taken by a
man is eight hours. So far as regards
city life the estimate is probably correct
Proverbial wisdom does not apply to
modern conditions of social existence.
Five (hours) for man, seven for
woman ard nine for a pig" says one
proverb and second, quoted by Mr.
Hazlitt in his English Proverbs declares
that nature requires five; custom allows
seven laziness takes nine and wicked
ness eleven" These conclusions we're
however, drawn from observation OF
country life. Physical fatigue is more
easily overcome than intellectual. Which
of us when travelling in the country
OF abroad, or in any way separated
from the ordinary process of Thought
and anxiety, has not found that he
could. without difficulty, do with
couple of hours less sleep than he was
in the habit of taking? Men, however,
who follow an intellectual pursuit are
exceptionally fortunate if the processes
of restoration occupy less than seven
hours More frequently they extend
to eight or nine hours. Kant | it see
stated, took never less than seven hours.
Goethe owned to requiring nine.
Soldiers and sailors, on the other hand,
| like laborers, do with much less quantity
/ am afraid to say how few the Duke of
| Wellington regarded as essential. A
schoomaster under whom at one time l
studied Woodworking man ut the
acquisition of languages, proclaimed
loudly that he never took more than
five hours' sleep The hour at which he
rose in the morning gave some color to
this assertion. Only in after life did
discover that a two hours postprandial
siesta was not included i'll that allow
| auce.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
AN UNREHEARSED EFFECT.

A melodrama was being performed in
a provincial city, says an English
exchange, and the closing act was to
witness the death of the heroine by poi
son administered by her lover. The
end approached, when the lover said, !"
Il have forgotten the vial. Kill me
with pistol or dagger" whispered the
actress" Il have neither" xiii me
quickly, for the audience is impatient, "
she exclaimed An inspiration seized
him, and as she turned he gave her a
kick. She faltered and fell exclaiming,
81 die by the hand of the poisoner!" 1t
was an effective climax.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
BRUSSELS CARPET.

Brussels carpet was first made at
Wilton, where it was introduced from
Journal, in Belgium, rather more than
century and quarter ago, and it has
always held its own in public esteem. 1t
was woven ON jacquard looms. and con,
sists of from one to six thicknesses OF
wooleu thread wrought ON hemp ol
other strong back, Two, three, four OF
five thicknesses, however are most
general and these usually indicate the
number of colors used in forming the
pattern.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17

No woman can be the worse for pos
sessing brains The hue and cry set up
against higher education, examinations
and new openings for womans work.
has hollow ring about it. Men have
sneaking suspicion that they are not
so intellectually superior as they have
been led to suppose. Unconsciously to
themselves, they are afraid of being
found out; or else, perhaps, they are
lazy, and are fearful OF being stirred up.
Yet womanliness does not consist il
intellectually. The first thing in which
it does consist is sslf-respect.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
SOME REALLY QUEER CUSTOMS.

The manners and customs OF the
Nasal, as described by Mr.. Joseph
Thomson in the account of his. recent
travels in Africa are, to put it in the
mildest language, most peculiar, and
whole chapter is devoted to the des-
cription of them. Their usual mode of
salutation ON meeting is to spit in one
another's faces, and more copious the
expectoration the greater the friend
ship; and Mr. Thomson, having been
voted n great medicine man, was ex-
pected to heal diseases in this way; but
so great was the demand on his salivary
organs that he could only satisfy his
patients by taking repeated draughts
Cf water
Equally strange is the custom of all
unmarried men and women living in
villages together, while the married
| folks live by themselves these latter
| are allowed to eat what they like, but
the unmarried ones may only eat meat
and drink milk. As soon as mar
| marries he ceases to be o warrior, anC
has to tend the heard of cattle. He II
no more allowed to join in cattle raids
or the extermination of his neighbor'
which is continually going ON, an'
which seems TO be the greatest deligh
that the young Nasal is capable of en-
ioying and it is probably because the.
would have to forgo the pleasures o
rapine and bloodshed that these amiabl
} people decline entering into the state c
matrimony, which after all, is a mer
form, for virtue, as we understand it,
, unknown to them.
, They have certainly kind of religio
} but very little even Of that, and seem
, have no belief in a future, as all dea
bodies are thrown to the hyenas, VIII
7 are so encouraged by being thus COZ
J tinually fed that if no one should d
G to provide them with feast they hel
e themselves to the living by taking IL
children out of the huts.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17

The sensitive actor, who couldn't stay
IN the same room with a tea-urn on
account of its kissing, has just been
killed by burst of applause
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17
BOLD WOMEN OF SPAIN.

The volor with the woman of Sara
gossa aided in the defence of their city
against the French still lives in the
hearts of Spaniards Two thousand
wives and maidens of Madrid have
shown what great things can yet be
accomplished by the woman of CASTLE
in holding tobacco factory against the
armed forces of the town-military and
civil, to say nothing of the minorfeats of
insulting the Governor and smashing
the furniture and machinery of the
factory The cause of this outbreak was
the introduction of machinery into the
factory. The women employed there,
knowing the excellence of their own
| handiwork, resented this attempt to
| lower the quality of the national cigar;
at least we should be 10 h to believe
that any paltry question of the pros
poets of lowered wages called forth this
| demonstration of the rights and powers
| of women when they choose to stand up
| for such rights The hearts of the female
lecturers on English platforms must
beat with pride and pleasure at this fresh
| proof that down trodden woman is
bursting the chains of centuries, and is
asserting her rights to be as aggressive
| and rs turbulent us man himself.
| u
| An item is gong the rounds of the
medical press that forty years ago
DIR. Wilkinson King gstudied one thousand
autopsies at Guy Hospital, London,
to ascertain the proportion of persons
who have lantent cancer or cancerous
growths, but who die from other causes
without a suspicion that they have the
hidden germs of that disease. He found
that "of all females who die at about
forty, nearly one-half have cancers o
males, one-eighth. OF males above sixty
five one-ffth of all are cancerous."
In Maryland, in early times, box o
, | forty pounds of tobacco was levied upol
| every taxable inhabitant for the pay o
, the preachers salary, This tax wa
: collected by the sheriff, who charge
Q four per cent. for his services, and ais
> deducted from the total collected sixtee
Q hundred pounds per annum for tn
payment of the parish clerk. BY IL
laws of Virginia, every clergyma
" received annually fifteen hundre
m pounds Of tobacco and sixtesn barrels
m -four.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17

The use of the leech is much more
common abroad than with us, and more
especially i'll France and Spain, where
the climate lends itself more to the
application. The foreign apothecary
keeps larger quantity i'll stock, and
few of them are without their 400 OF 800
where our countrymen limit themselves
to 25. Leeches were already going out
of fashion when, in 1870, blood-letting
received severe shock from the death
of Count Cavour, whose end was
hastened by its injudicious use, but his
death threw additional discredit ON
the practice in Europe, and since that
year the scale has declined more rapidly
than in the 20 previous. Poultices and
lamentations have taken their place,
because they are generally found
sufficient and are certainly i'll every
respect handler but we imagine with
the result that nowadays the patient is
longer under the doctors hands than
| he used to be. We have been told, not,
as may be que sed, by member of the
of the lotion over the leech is to certain
extent due to the fact that the smaller
practitioners have found they can make
more out of the former than the latter
but rs on inquiry it appears that those
against whom this charge (if 1t be a
charge) is brought rs II rule dispense
ii they please out of leeches us out of their
| own medicines and can make us much
| lotions, this explanation scarcely holds
good. 1t is more likely that they FIND
that the idea of bleeding and biting
frightens their patients. Still it is true
that in many cases, for instance those
of accident, the relief given by the leecl
is speedier than that afforded by the
louon and we have ourselves seen {
black eye received in combat in tht
neighborhood of Pentonville road
visibly lose its sutfused aspect unde
the leech's bite, and knee swollen b,
cricket ball subside like the oceal
after storm. With courageous patien
who is not particular as to the means S
long he arrives at the result, thos
instancesare likely to belively argument
and more especially whose time is en-
phatically money, or with those VIII
desire to cure their lameness quickl
for country match, and find themselve
tied to bed and the wet compress nsteat
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1885-04-17

IN. CRITTENTON, N, v, General Agent.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1885-08-26
A MEMORABLE MEETING
The 18th Anniversary Of the Meeting Of the
Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1850.

Grand Reunion of the Survivors of That
Body and of the First Legislature
Under the New Constitution.
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1885-08-26
FASHION AS 1T FLIES.
Childrens Costumes Autumn Millinery
Varieties.

White and very delicate colors are quite
the rage for children's dresses this season,
but may be diversified by red and navy blue;
green is, however, entirely excluded. Ba-
bies' pelisses of white serge, or fine wooden
materials are trimmed with narrow white
braid and wooden lace, pique pelisses with
white embroidery. We have also observed
many very fashionable toilets embroidered
in colors, and every kind of canvas material
is employed for young children, the trans
parent kinds looking particularly elegant
when lined with coIored silk or muslin.
Rough fabrics seem to take more than fine
smooth tissues, and dressmakers for older
girls have been busy making up costumes
for the seaside of two materials, the polo
naise being of plain stuff, and the skirt strip
ped in cream, red blue etc, in fact, many
of the costumes for the country and seaside
seem to be the essence of simplicity, some
being merely of a fiounced skirt and SIM
pie blouse secured round the waist by rich
silk sash. We must not forget, however,
that great admiration prevails for bright
tints and varieties of colors In lash
ions for ladies, and similar
styles are therefore brought out for young
girls and young chlldren.
Most effective outdoor costumes for girls OF
8 or 10 years are made with robings of pale
colored lace, and waistcoats to match of light
ottoman or faille. The jackets are of the
same material as the pleated skirt, and many
of the Examines employed for the robes are
embroidered with colored wool. as. for in
stance gray etamine was ornamented with
red stars and leather-colorad one with blue
spr;gs A novel effect is often given by put
ting broad velvet tabs matching the turn
down collar and sleeve parements into the
waist and these fall down beneath the short,
loose Jacket The hats worn with such cos
TUNES are trimmed with two colors, and can
vas ribbons predominant.
Costumes for young children show great
variety in style and arrangement. We have
got accustomed to see little boys, as well as
girls. in their pretty casaques and polonaises
with pulled plastrons and lace trimmings,
although for the former large velvet pockets
are added. Little boys frocks too are trim
med in front with rows of braid studded with
gold buttons and band to match: lace or
embroidered collar always accompanies q
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1885-08-26
WASHINGTON LETTER.
Our illustrated Weekly Letter From the
National Capital
GreenOugII's Statue of washington-CIarIx
Mills Equestrian Statue of General
Jackson Statue of Emancipation"
Other Works of the Sculp-
tors Art.

WASHINGTON August 21-Now that every
body is away from Washington, there is
time to stop and look around at Washington
itself. When this series of illustrated let
tiers was begun, more than year ago, it was
the intention to devote some of them to
Washington itself-to its beautiful streets,
its elegant residences, historic buildings, and
its costly and impressive statuary and art
productions which adorn its streets and pub
lie buildings. But events have crowded so
thick upon each other and people whose
faces are of interest have come so rapidly to
the front that this feature of the work has
been omitted until now, when it is found
possible and practicable to give to outdoor
Washington a very small degree of the at
tention to which it is entitled. No single
newspaper article can do justice to the SUBJ
iect, for Washington is very rich in this de-
partment of art. Nobody who has not
studied Washington, visited all parts of it,
and made this particular feature subject of
inquiry, can realize the field which one ven
lures upon when he attempts to say any
thing about outdoor art in Wash
ington. Outdoor art is perhaps
not the expression which stu