davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Minneapolis gamblers failed to pay their
fines and were jagged.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Forty-eight printers employed at the West
publishing house went out on strike.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Cleveland wants to see the Hendricks mon
ument boom and will contribute literally.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

The lumbermen are anxiously looking for
snow.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

A Philadelphia woman cut the throat of her
ten-months old child with butcher knife.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30
SPORTING EVENTS.
Four Bouts at the Olympic Theater
and More to Come.
The st. Pau1ites Defeat a saltwater
Team at POlo--Other Sports.
sparring at the Olympic.

The give-and-take sparring was resumed
at the Olympic theater last evening, the
house being well filed. After the usual
prelude Trainer of Montana and fleming
of Milwaukee were called out and ex-
changed fair specimens of bone and muscle,
the Montana man being the heavier, and
If possible the quicker of the two, for he
soon had Fenning winded and chased him
around the stage administering taps at will.
The next to show up were the dwarf-giant,
Hadley and Patsy Mccarthy, both of St.
Paul. The latter is very young man and
looked like an infant before the powerful AZ
rican. Mccarthy is. however, rather clever
boxer. and tapped Hadley the greater num-
Der Of times during the first round. In the
second Mccarthy injured his right arm and
was unable to do anything with it, Hadley
noticed this and Immediately took advan-
tage, chasing his opponent around the
stage and hitting him as he pleased. He
even appeared to think he was covering him
self with glory, punching defenseless foe.
The MagOOn kids made another good show
ing of science, and it was not a very easy
matter to decide which secured an advan-
tage. After this match Black Frank Of
Mexico and another descendant of Ham from
Charleston. S. c., spared four rounds.
The former possesses no science, but a
mighty frame, and it stood the Charleston
chap well to keep out of his reach. In the
last round they spared with whitened
gloves, and when the round ended their
compilations were greatly changed
Tomorrow night Hadley will be placed
before ex-Policeman Barney Smith, whose
record in st. Paul is well known. This
match will no doubt be an interesting one
as they are evenly matched in size and
strength, and if there is not a Touchdown
it will be because there is mutual under
standing that there is to be no smuggling.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

A Maryland man married on Dec. 5 has
been placed in au insane asylum.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Another unfortunate case of desertion was
brought to the attention of the mayor.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Eek covered his Sc miles in 2 hours and
40 seconds, establishing new American
record. He then took rest and Woodside
forced ahead mo- rin1r tho f1,lo1ui1an ranord .
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

The annual meeting of the State Dairy
men association will be held at Albert Lea
on Feb. s.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

NJ. Grevy received many congratulatory
kilograms on his reelection to the presidency.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Alec Mclean of Bruce, Wis, is living with
three bullets in his body, received last Satur-
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

President Cyrus Northrup delivere an en-
Pertaining lecture before the State Teachers
association.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

The convention of county school superin-
tendents held an interesting session yester-
day.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

A sensational murder committed in In
diana five years ago has just been unrav-
nln
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Prem'er Brisson has rendered to President
Grevy the designations of the entire French
cabinet,
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

II e Baltimore Ohio railroad have COM
II a .,..,-igi.; Inents for an entrance into
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30
ST. PAUL, WEDNESDAY. DEC. 80, 1885.
DAILY WEATHER BULLETIN.

OFFICE OF CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER. WASH
1NGToN, D. c., Dec. 49, p. m.-Observations
taken at the same moment of time at all sta
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

A Wisconsin nau has been attending Meth
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1885-12-30

Judge Holman thinks the time has come for
Dakotas admission as a state.
The river Improvement convention assem-
bled in Kansas City yesterday.
Sparks has issued another circular to reg
listers and receivers of land offices.
Maryland man married on Dec. has
been placed in au insane ASYLUM.
The cabinet discussed the probable action
OF congress on the silver question.
The Duluth street railway has been sold to
81. Paul and Minneapolis parties.
Forty-eight printers employed at the West
publishing house went out on strike.
Cleveland wants to see the Hendricks mon
ument boom and will contribute literally
Another unfortunate case of desertion was
brought to the attention of the mayor.
4 Montana mans life was saved by his
skull being too thick to receive a bullet shot,
Philadelphia woman cut the throat of her
ten-months' old child with butcher knife.
NJ. Grevy received many congratulatory
kilograms on his reelection to the presidency.
a sensational murder committed in In
diana five years ago has just been unrav-
eed.
The convention of county school superin-
tendents held an Interesting session yester-
day.
Alec Mclean of Bruce, Wis. is living with
three bullets in his body, received last Satur-
day.
The annual meeting of the State Dairy
mems association will be held at Albert Lea
on Feb. 3.
President Cyrus Northrup delivere an en-
Pertaining lecture before the State Teachers,
association.
Premer Brisson has rendered to President
Grevy the designations of the entire French
cabinet
II Baltimore Ohio railroad have CON-
IL a ,-igs.. Ineuts for an entrance into
New =.
A Wisconsin man has been Attending Meth.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22

7oars, such IS Los. OF Memory. La-situde,
fncturna Emissions, Aversiois Society,
Jimuess of Vision, Noises in the Head; the vita
ibid passing unOb5erved in the urlne and many
lther diseases that lead to insanity and Death.
DR.. MINT , who is a regular physician
graduate of the University # Pennsylvania
will agree to forfeit FIVE HUNDRED DOL
4ARS for cas-, Of this kind tue TAI RES
'RAfiVE under his special advice and treat
nentl wi not cure, or for snvthing impure or
niuriou fou d in it, DR. MlNiIE treats all
private iseases successfully without mercury.
Consultation free. borough examination and
'dvice, including analysis If urine. s.. t'rice of
VITAL RESTOR ATIVt, 81 so a bottle, or fou-
times the quantity. S.; sent to v address
upon ,eceipt of price, r C. d., secure fl, m
observation and in private name if desired by
T.. A. MINTIE, NJ d,
II Kearney t., San rancisco, Cal
SAMPLE BOTTLE FREE will be sent to any
one a plying by letter, aGitg symptoms,
and are Strict secrecy in regard to all bust
hess transactions
Il. MiNTIES KIDNEY &EMEDY-NEP-
HRETICCS cures all kinds Of kidney and
bladder complaint, gonorrf "ea gleei, leucOr-
rhoea. For sale by all druggists; 81 bottle;
six bolt es for So.
DIR MINTIES DANDELiON PILLS are the
best and cheapest Dvsnn. ,sia and Bilious cure
in the market. For saic by all druggists.
iaul9t
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
MEDICAL.
Sd,,NHSMs&'S sa.,,


cal Denillty, seminal " eak g.
Sprem2torrhe, PrOstats,rrilsc. Emissions,
lmpotency, Exhaust Il Vitality, Prem ture he
cline. and Los OF MANHOOD, iss
all ITS com fsl jcatIOns. aHi; from
whatever cause pr .iucei. 1t en-
riches and purifes the Blood, Strengthens the
Nerves. Brain, Muscles digestion, Reproduc-
tive Organs, and Physical and Mental Faculties.
1t stops all unnatural and debilita,ing drain
upon the system, preventing involuntary losses,
facilitating dreams, seminal losses with the
urine, ETC., 80 destructive to mind and body.
1t is a sure eiminator of all KIDNEY AND
BLADDER COMPLAINTS. It contains no
injurious ingredients. TO those sslfY. r.
Ing from the evil effects Of yOul h.
fnl in .lisc re tfOH or excess, n speedy
Thorough and perm en-nt Ca K Il.
Is GUAR FED. Price, g. so pei
,nttie, or five bottles in case, with full direc-
tinns nd advice, 80 Sent secure from OBJ
servation 70 any address upon the receipt Of
price, .. d. To be had only Of
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
SORES ON NECK

Chas Brady, Somerville, Mass. who
refers TO D.. J. Wood druggist of that
eitv, cerrifieS 10 a wonderful cure of ru n
ming sores an the neck which had been
treated dy hospital physicians without
cure, and which yielded completely to
the CUTICURA REMEDIYS
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
CURED BY CUTICURA,

My skin disease, which resisted sew
eraI popular remedies and other RENE
dies advised by physicians. has been
sured by your CUTICURA REMEDIE S.
They SUI rpassed my most sanguine ex.
YectationS and rapidly effected cure.
&c, ARENTRUE,
VISCsNNES. IND.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22

ii PPI ES~.
The Esac4or will a-rce tot rfelt q 600
for a case uu crtakln Il cured. The reason
so many cum not get erred Of E'eahness and
tie abUue diseases is 0cjng u q compJjcatiOn,
called PAOSTA TORRHEA, uhjch requires
sDccjuL treatment
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
5ltti Il
The Only Remedies For The Skin
And R!ood Universally
COMMENDED

VIM. 4. rOtten, 672 North Tenth ST.,
Philadelphia, reports that one of his
customers stated to him incidentally
that he was feeling so well and had
yea, all of which he attributed to a
systematic cou' Sc of the CUTICURA Re-
sOLvENr, which has proved effectual
when all other remedies failed.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
VOW ITS VALUE:

All OF YOUR CUTICURA REMEDIES give
very COOL satisfaction. The CUTICURA
i especially recommend for the dis
seases for which ii is used. know from
experience its value. DIR. H. j. PRATT.
MontellO, Wis.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
CONNECTIONS:

At Carson. with daily stages for Lake
Tahoe, GENOA, Carson Valley, silver
Mountain, Sweetwater mines, etc
At Mound House. with trains of the
Carson and Colorado railroad.
H. NJ YEdINGTON.
General superintendent.
D A. BENDER.
General Freight ana Passenger gent.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
CUTlCURA ABROAD

Through "A home returned Norwegian
have learned to know your CUTICURA,
which has in short time cured me 81 al
Eczema that my physicians m adicines
S0u'd not heal CHH. HELTIEN.
BEkssn, NORWAY. Agenturforretniny
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
TRIAL BOTTLE FREE.

sufficient to show its merit, will be sert to
yon applying by Letter, stating his symp-
toms and age. Communications strictly conf
,iential ais
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
=. 4. .AlfIelD.
2l6 KearA.y STREET,
SAN FIR A n CTS CA.,

Consultation strictly confidential, by letter
or at office, FREE For the convenience OF
PATIENTS ana in order to insure perfect secrecy
| have adopted private address, under which
all pa ckages are forwarded
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22

his Great
Strengs II & ss.
ing SesRe...
an y er v
.<s IL is thu
legitimate result
OF over twenty
years practice,byl
THO r o L G. l. !
QUALIFIED BA
DtI A TE Ply j
CLAN OF one oi
the hi hest nedi-
cal cole = e $ OF
r II r o y e a n Il
CURE, W | I II
U n IA LIN G
G Z r T AIN I y
nervous and ply 81
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22

THE Elk - >.EjA kT
ak. ALIEN. ~ l. WhLL KNOWN
, is Il rtGul,t -;r ,iuat"d Physician
educated n BpUs college and Uni
versity of Mtcl,- n. He mas devoted II
lifetime to and = ackuowIe tged to be
the most eXper surgeon in his >pecial l.
ity on the c,h'. 'Ast
N.s3 *: NfI.N
And middle. a2t"t men. VINO are suffer
ing from the eG.cl> Of Youthful IndiS-
cretiOnS uf LX"t'-~,'- n maturer years,
NERVOUS Hnt PHYSICAL DEBILITY,
IMPOTENCE, L'ST MANHOOD, confusion
OIL iea>, duil eyes. aversion to society,
ieSpOndenc%, pI}upttS on the face. loss
of energy ana memory, frequency OF
urtnat.1g, etc
iets- aeu.em Der, the Doctor has a Veg
etahte Compound. the result of man.
study, wnich, "nrler MS spec. al aChSi e,
mas never faile.i III Suc"eSS in lhe cure
rl Lost Nanupn ''rDstntOrrnea. etc.
IS, Es"~>,stss! Experience
iisritg nc.tt -.ts o.. "a iii charge of two
i,.--tin@ hosp. .... hleS lnp to treat
1T priN.le - '.4 ..'- vita excellent re-
SUITS. wash .- ..~iincGly understood
lH. ! do uut .'r't.t Ia perform impOSSi-
riiiUeS, or 40 a.. .ntrn"Iinus or super
natural pJ"+r LAIN only to be
.ki.lful tr.t ~It- s~tIIi Ply stefan and
-urytun. thora..thbf tuforruel IN my
SpcoIal!V
2f4;&E lra- zsE 1s.4N.
Nj applying tne viii receive my
honest optuIn' ,.' a.tlr com plains NO
experimenting. 7 viii guarantee a pos
itIvr cure il ,'v... case undertake, OF
forfeit 5 .Arl .}H~IIiIfiOn in office or
by letter fire. rn' strictly private.
Iha' yes r,ASnJs, t.-.. Thorough exam
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22

ow ha aver " 50 ms .N
rs Il a COWS ii v q
seri
.
twenty-five haye ovrrGoD1b& sixty
/
*
lbs ? III S
: / n
lIJnr II l.
Nnira hly
i Il
OF ii e.
week the yhicn, unIt alton stock "
'0 4.iaA x i 4
Eakesfdc &
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
WAVING SUCCEEDED 70

ryAVING SGCCEEDED TO
the business OF tue carson Ilty ,av'
,N1s Rank we are now prepared to dc
,,nn.r,j Ranking Business
Rills of Exchange bought and sold On
u,n Francisco, New York, England,
Iraland. Germany, France and all the
principal cities OF the United States ans
Europe.
Issue certificates of deposit and r.
ceive deposits on open account.
collections made at current r"tss
exchange
bullion boaght and sold
Mining stocks bought and sold
cam missioA oaly.
Liberal advances made on ApprovoA
stocks and ether securities.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
THs: pO31 POWERS

A. .eeiing of grati ude impels me To
Aeknowledse the great merits of your
CUrrcuRA, aud ! cordially recommend it
- the public as a very valuable remedy.
II. y POWERS. Bridgeport, Conn
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
~ for working peope1
Send 10 cents post.
MI age, and We will
mail you free .

DRyal. valuable sample box Of goods
more money in = fsw days than you
ever thought possible at any business,
Capital not required. You can live At
home and work IN spare tims only, Or
all the time. All Of both sexes, Of all
easily exraei every evening That ali
vho want to work may test the bust,
ness. we make This unparalleled offer !,
r ell vac are net we'll satisfled We Will
ooad 81 - pay for the trouble Of writing
- as: Full partieulars, directions. etc
Jhr all Who start At oaes. Dent DELAY
Address SRI nSoK i c.. Portland, Ne.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
n ssn, send six cents TO
4 usfx,i postage, and receive
IN slEi free, costly box of
IL 5tAI a. goods which will help

you { m r. money right away than
anything else in this world. All, OF
either sex, succeed from first hour The
broad road TO fortune opens before the
workers, absolutely sure. At once ad-
dress, TRUE Co., Augusts, Maine.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
{; = III w =

y III t. "a saS tst Ass
Company arr supplied with water
from Never Railing ~prings, which flow
Jron the ~ierfa NrVada. By analysis
fhIswater Is srHWn 30 be perfectly free
from all i1Guur:t:rS The mains of this
COM paEy having been laid in all the
principal streets nf the city, the water
d. rendprA>. ayai'abte to all within the
citv limits. Families. Hotels, Bars,
r. fDles. etc. snnptied on favorable
terms
g.. CARSON WATER COMPANY
Office next ~ Wells. Fargo Co.'S.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1885-10-22
HOLSTEIN--.FRIESIAN CAT

-aLE AGES ANss Es8EEE SaES
f3epssfh;EtEs IASD HI PORTED.
Cs~7s md i3eifers bred to best he IL
GRAND and Aa.gie Bulls.
The average Records OF a Nerd Ia a
the true tcst Gf its merit.
Che f02io.4 ing HEsI.. G9ll Butter s:es,-
0ras l.avA al been male bJ ..nirnaIs
new in oar Ezerd:
St. Landry democrat. (Opelousas, La.) 1878-1894, 1885-05-23

Let any one 60 into the fields at
this spring season Of the year; let
him mark the busy preparations for
life which are going on. Life is at
work in every emerald bud, in the
bursting bark of every polished
bough, in the greening tints of every
brown hillside. A month ago
everything was as still as the dead
silence which chills the heart in the
highest regions of the glacier soil
tudes. Lie is coming back to a
dead world. It is a resurrection,
The return Of freshness to the frozen
world is not less marvellous than the
return of sensibilitY to heart which
has ceased to beat. IL one has
taken place, the other is not impos-
sible.
St. Landry democrat. (Opelousas, La.) 1878-1894, 1885-05-23

The distance from ST. Louis to
New Orleans by river, is | ,352 miles.
The length Of the Mississippi is
2,616 miles, and it is navigable for
1900 miles. The Length of,the Mis-
souri, is 2,9O8 miles it is navigable
about 1900 miles. The distance
from the sourse of the Mississippi
to the mouth of the Missouri is l, 900
miles. It is 1872 miles from the
mouth of the Missouri to the mouth
Of the Mississippi.
St. Landry democrat. (Opelousas, La.) 1878-1894, 1885-05-23
The Tensas Fraud.

The Morehouse Clarion of May l,
says: A suit has been brought in
the United States District Court by
Judge Hough against the commits
sioners Of election in the parish Of
Tensas when McEnery was elected.
Mr.. Hough AYERS that a fair count
of the votes polled at that election,
would have given him, instead of
Young, the District Judgeship, "and
that on account Of anguish and men
tai torment, grief and chagrin, and
the probable Fastening of his wife
to a premature grave, and the fail
ure to vindicate his character by re-
election, caused by fraudulent re-
turns made by the commissioners of
election, he has suffered damages
amounting to $4,000"
This "Tensas fraud" as it was so
often called by the opponents of
Gen. King last fall after the immor-
tai Monroe convention, is familiar
to the readers of the Clarion. There
has never existed a doubt in the
mind Of any honest and thinking
man that it was the most shameless
and stupendous outrage ever COM
ted upon the elective franchise. At
the time the election was held near
ly everybody in the parish was
largely under water. Very little in
terest was felt in the election, and
moreover, there are not registered
voters enough in the entire parish
to foot up the enormous vote count
ed and returned for McEnery and
Young, the present judge. The dis
trict is composed of Concordia and
Tensas parishes, Concordia gave,
according to the returns a majority
for Hough Of 1440 votes. In order
to defeat him, Tensas. with legal
voting strength of less than 5000
rolled up 1922 votes for Young and
315 for Hough.
This is what the Louisiana Demo
Gratis used to curse the Republicans
for 'stufing the ballot box"
When the scallawag Republicans
acted dishonorably in the conduct
of elections, the immaculate Demo
Gratis held up their paws in execrable
horror. But when a Democratic
Governor and a Judge can climb in
to Office through such means, where
is the horror? It is true, last fall
we heard no end of abusive twaddle
concerning the ''Tensas outrage"
but we heard it from some so-called
Democrats, who were perfectly will
ing to carry their point on the virtue
of the outrage and who never de-
tected the outrage until it turned
upon them with devouring Voracity.
Had Mr.. Boatner gone into the
Monroe convention with the 'sTensas
fraud" at his back to lift him into
Congress the yell and cry and hur-
rah against the people Of that parish
would never have been heard from
the lips and pens of Louisiana Dem
ocrats. Now, however, since a Re
publican has reopened the question
and presents some incontroyertible
evidence to substantiate his claims,
will those who so mercilessly assail-
ed the Tensas Democrats last fall
lend their assistance to Mr.. Hough's
effort to expose and punish an out
rageous abuse Of one of the most
sacred institutions of our Govern
ment? We guess not. Bourbon
Democrats would raise cry Of trail
tor too hideous to endure.
Here is one Democrat who de-
sires the Tensas matter to be thor
oughly investigated, and the guilty,
if there be such, punished thor
oughly.
T of onIy ono M into Tho Hn11e az
St. Landry democrat. (Opelousas, La.) 1878-1894, 1885-05-23

No USE FoR H1M.-"I amt got
no use for Mr.. Jackson said old
Patterson.
"Why ?"
BEAT me outen FIVE cents
did, eh p
Eyes, sab. 7 seed his vest hang
in on de fence an / sarched de
pockets an foun' whut I thought
wuz er quarter but it want nuthin'
but one o desc heah twenty cent
pieces. Eff dat man hader been
homes he wouldn'ter fooled me In
dat way. 7 ain got no use for him. !"
Western appeal. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1885-18??, 1885-06-27

A brave, active, intelligent terrier.
belonging to a lady, one day discovered
monkey belonging to an itinerate
organ-g grinder seated upon bank with
in the grounds, and at once made dash
toward him. The monkey, who was
attired in a jacket and hat, awaited the
onset with such undisturbed tranquility
that the dog halted within few feet
of him to reconnoitre. Both animals
took long steady stare at each other,
but the dog evidently was recovering
his surprise, and about to make
spring for the intruder. At this
ritical juncture the monkey, who
had remained perfectly quiet hith-
erto, raised his paw, and gracefully
saluted by lifting his hat. The effect
was magical; the dogs head and tail
dropped, and he sneaked off and entered
the house, refusing TO leave it till he
was satisfied that his polite but mys-
FERROUS guest had departed. His whole
demanor showed plainly that he felt
the monkey was something ..uncanny,'
and not to be meddled with.