The Sunday tatler and Jersey City express. (Jersey City, N.J.) 1883-1886, 1885-12-20

state her W. anu Auuu1tEhcns
The boundaries of New Jersey are all
natural ones, except the northern. These
natural boundaries are the Hudson River,
Staten Island Sound aud the Atlantic
Ocean ON the east, and The Delaware River
and Bay on tie west and south The
| northern boundary is straight line extend
| ing from the junction of Ncversink aud
| Delaware Rivers to where the 4lst parallel
of north latitude cuts the west bank of the
Hudson River The length of the State,
| from north to south, is nearly 40 miles,
and in width it ranges from 80 to go mi es.
It's area is $500 square miles (by State
survey, 7577 square miles,
The rivers of the State are all quite short
ones. Those among the Appalachian
i Mountains, in the northwestern counties,
4 flow either in northeasterly direction into
| the Hudson or in southwesterly direction
into the Delaware. OF the latter the
largest is the Musconetcong which flows
| from the largest lake in the State, the
| Hopatcong. into the Delaware. The rivers
| in the region of the trap mountains are
very crooked, flowing in some parts of
| their course towards all points of the COM
pass. Two of these, the Passaic and the
| Raritan, are the longest rivers within the
| State. The Passaic rises near Mendham,
only twenty-five miles from its mouth in
| Newark Bay, yet the length of its course
is eighty miles. The Raritan is also eighty
miles long. though it rises in Budd's Lake,
only thiriy-six miles from its mouth in
Raritan Bay.
There are in the State ali grades of sandy,
loamy and clayey soils. fitted for all the
| productions of the middle temperate zone.
| The southern part of the State, as whole,
has a soil varying from loamy to sandy,
which is easily worked, and which. with
the addition Of mari and other fertilizers.
can be kept in very productive condition.
| In the northern section the soil, except
where it is formed of decomposed trap,
has red color and a more or less clayey.
character. The soil of the northwest is
quite varied. About one-twentieth part of
| the State is marsby or swampy; but much
of this can be drained and made into pro-
| ductive land. A very large proportion of
the State can, with proper cultivation, be
made to yield abundant crops.
| The forests cover one-half of the State,
and contain over so species of timber trees.
| Ocean and Atlantic Counties have six
seventies of their area covered with forests.
| The counties which come next to these in
| the amount of timber land are Cumberland,
| Burlington, Camden and Morris. The
counties having the least forest land are in
the order named: Hu ison Somerset, Hun
terdon, Essex and Union. TIE position of
| land with reference 10 market had mnch
to do with the kinds of productions which
can be most profitably cultivated. New
| Jersey, situated between the three largest
cities in America, produces great quanti-
| ties of market vegetables. and is often
called "The Garden State"
| Iron ore is very abundant and of rich
| quality in the northwestern part of the
| State, including the counties of Passaic,
| Morris Sussex, Warren and Hunterdon.
| Most of these are magnetic. though thers
are some limonite and hematite ores.
Throughout this same region there are ex-
tensive deposits of magnesia and other
limestones. Very valuable pieces of zinc
are found in Sussex County. Fire clay
aud peters clay of excellent quality are
abundant in Middlesex County. Mari in
inexhaustible quantity occurs in a strip
extending across the State from Sandy
Hook in southwesterly direction to
Salem. Valuable glass sand is found in
Burlington Camden, Gloucester and Cum
berland Counties.
Many varieties of building and paving
stone are found in all the northern coun-
tries. Roofing slate of the first quality is
| found in Sussex and Warren, and marble
of fine rose color also in Warren. Among
| the other minerals are copper, found in
| the trap mountain section in Middlesex
and Morris, and graphite in Sussex and
Morris.
The State has an excellent system of
education, providing for free schools for
children between the ages OF five and
eighteen. The money for the support of
these schools derived partly from State
and local taxes, and partly from the inter-
est on public school funds The number
of school districts is about 1000. There
are nearly $50, 900 children of school age.
Besides the public free schools, there are
many institutions of learning, of high
grade. endowed by private or denomina-
tional benevoleBce
The oldest, larges and best endowed of
these is the College of New Jersey, ut
Princeton this was incorporated in TAG.
A Scientific School was added to the col
lege in 1873
Rutgers College, at New Brunswick, the
second in age and size, was founded iR
in ITO. The State agricultural College
was added to this Institution in 1854.
The Stevens Institute of Technology,
at Hoboken, is school of mechanical
engineering and applied science. This
institution was founded in 1871 by the
bequest of E. A. Stevens. There are
seminaries connected with the colleges,
and great number of excellent private
and denominational schools in all parts of
the State. 5Tt
There are two State Asylums for the
Insane, one at Morris Plains, near Morris
town, capable of accommodating 800 pa
tients and the other, near Trenton, fitted
for 500 patients. There are also number
of county asylums There is Soldiers
Home at Newark.
The State Prison is at Trent IN. The
State Reform School for Boys is at James
burg, Middlesex Oouaty, and the State
Industrial School for Girls is situated near
Trenton.
New Jersey is one of the smallest States
in the Union; only Rhode Island, Della.
ware and Connecticut are smaller. Penn
sylvania is six times. California 25 times,
and Texas SO times larger.
Though there are eighteen States with
greater population than New Jersey, there
are but two-Massachusetts ard Rhode
Island-with more inhabitants to the
square mile. The State has increased in
population at greater rate during the
last twenty years (from 1850 to 18S0) than
any of the States east of the Mississippi
River, except Wisconsin, Michigan, Hi
nois and Florida.
The average value of the farm lands of
New Jersey is more per acre than that of
any other State. 1t is about three times as
great as that OF the farm lands of the New
England States.
In the capital invested in mining, New
jersey ranks twelfth of all the States of
the Union but, if allowance be made for
her size, only two Siates-Pennsylvania
and Maryland-outrank her.
Allowing for size, there are a great
many branches of manufactures in which
New Jersey ranks first. More THAI one
ha'f of the raw silk imported is used in
Passaic and Hudson Counties. AS some
of his silk is only partially manufactured
in these counties. the gross value of the
manufactured praducts of these goods is
l.. 40. L. e 4. - "a