The Laurens advertiser. (Laurens, S.C.) 1885-1973, 1885-08-26
PRACTICAL ART.
Some Recent Achievements In That L


Twenty miles is the distance penc-
tratcd by the improved fog-signals now
in use. This power. it appears, is
gained by two slotted cylinders, ono
fixed and the othor revolving in il.
The slots, us they pass ono another.
stop or cut off the passage of compress
ed air or steam. thus causing \ series
of vibrations, and, consequently, a mu-
sical note. the pitch of which depends
upon the speed of tho revolving cylin-
der. In order to vary this note it is
only necessary to control this velocity.
The doub'e-notc horn is formed with a
casing. within which are fixed slotted
cylinder and revolving cylinder NOV
ing upon spindle. Tho slots are
formed in each cylinder at opposite in
clined angles, so that tho motive fluid
lmpinging against number of inclin-
cd planes causes the inner cylinder TO
revolvc with great rapidity, carrying
two disks. These are attached to tho
common spindle, and upon their peri
phcrics are pressed levers, under tho
action of small pistons operated by dia-
phragms, to the outer surface of which
compressed air is admitted. One brake
is put on for high note. both brakes
Tor Il low note.
Large quantities of timber are now
creosoted ut the West in special man
ner, for railroad purposes, the effect
being to increase the tonacity of tho
wood for holding spikes, etc., as well
as its density and ability to resist me-
chanical wear. This is done by means
OF an apparatus consisting of II boiler
plate cylinder, of u size adapted to tho
timber; this cylinder is of strength
sufficient to resist 800 pounds pressure
per square inch, and has track cy-
tending for its whole length along the
bottom. the cylinders ends being clos
cd by strong iron doors, air and water
tight. When timber has been run into
tho cylinder and the doors closed.
steam at about 100 pounds pressure is
elected into tho cylinder, the supply
continuing as required by the nature
and dryncss of the wood; the steam is
then shut of, and vacuum pumps
worked as long rs any liquids or yapors
arc obtained, the hot preserving liquid
being now run into the cylinder from
the reservoir until full. The force
pumps are again operated until the in
terror pressure is some 100 pounds per
inch, and kept thus until sufficient pre-
servativc fluid is forced into the pores
of the wood; the force pumps are now
shut oil, and the crcosotc oil or other
liquid contained in tho cylinder is dis
charged in suitable ciStern, after
which tho doors ut the ends of tho CYL
inder are opened and tho car carrying
the timber or ties run out
A great many napkins and other ar
ticlcs of usefulness arc now made in
Europe from the bark of the paper
poses is first dried in the air for two or
three days, then plunged for twenty
four hours in II current of fresh water.
after which, with the aid OF Il particu-
lar kind OF cord, the two species of IL
bres of which it is composed arc sep
aratcd. Tho interior iibrcs are those
from which fine paper is made; they
arc rolled into balls weighing about
thirty-tivc pounds each, which arc
washed anew in running water, in
which they are allowed to soak
shorter time than previously, and are
then dried; finally they are boiled in
lyc made from the ashes of buckwheat
Hour, constant stirring being kept UP;
another washing in pure water carries
away tho last Impurities, and The fibres
arc next pounded with hammers of
wood for about twenty minutes; after
this they are Il second time rolled into
balls, and finally transformed into
pulp, ricc-watcr being mixed with il.
The subsequent treatment of the pulp
is identical with that OF the ordinary
manufacture OF paper. Leather pa
per" is obtained by the superposition
Of many sheets OF the material previ-
ously stepped in "yonoko," pressed,
and gl"z Il with "shcllas."
The operation has been successfully
accomplished by u German chemist Of
separating rags of cotton and wool
mixed by subjectiny them to the action
OF jet of supcrhcatcd steam. Under
pressure of five atmosphcrcs tho
wool melts and sinks to tho bottom of
the receptacle, while cotton, linen, and
other vegetable fibres stand, thus re-
naming suitable for paper manufac-
ture. Tho liquid mud which contains
the wool prcciptated by this means Is
then dcsiccatcd; the residue, to which
Is given the name Of azotinc, is com
pletely soluble in watea, and is valua-
bio on account of its nitrogen. The in
creased value of tho pulp free from
wool is sufficient to cover tho cost of
the process. -NcW York Sun.
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