Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1885-01-04
FARM AND STOCK NOTES.

BY breeding in-and-in no change of
blood is made, therefore no change in the
character Of the offspring would ordina-
rily be expected Experience, however,
has shown that in the most of our domes-
tic animals changes do occur; though not
so much in form or family likeness as in
the general weakening Of constitu tiOnal
YigOr. Hence this course is usually con-
sidered Objectionable.
A Western farmer successfully dwarfs
the Usage orange after it has, in six or
seven years, become an efficient hedge, by
first clipping 10 inches wide at the base
and tapering to a very narrow top, and
then cutting a ditch eight or ten inches
deep and within six inches of the hedge.
Crops will grow as close as they can be
planted or sown. The hedge puts out
low, stiff, stubby branches when thus
dwarfed and looks exceedingly neat.
There is nothing that takes the life out
OF cream like old age. Twelve hoRrs will
ripen it, and, like fully matured fruit,
after this point is reached every addi-
tional minute is waste of quality. Ifit
is not sour then churn it sweet, but churn
it any way, and if you want it acid then
put some sour milk in at first. By long
standing sweet milk gets tunky and, in
time, bitter. The man who keeps his
cream toe long is the victim Of q lost OPP
portunity.
Swine breeders have not sufficiently
borne in mind the variation in the amount
of lean meat found in the carcasses of
different hogs. The Berkshire is univer-
sally credited with having more lean than
any other breed, but they as well as other
classes vary in this regard. By closely
scanning the cut up carcasses, giving
preference to certain families showing
liberal presence of muscular substances,
these to be used as breeders, the relative
quantity of lean could be increased.
At the New Orleans Exposition the fol-
lowing premiums are offered for AngOFa
goats: Best buck ever two years, 500;
second best, $50. Best pen Of two ewes
over two years, 800; second best, $50.
Best pen of three lambs or kids, $50; Sec
ond best, $50, the exhibition to open JAN
uary %, and continue until March l. In
tending exhibitors should address John
A. Cross. superintendent sheep, wool and
goat exhibit, at Chanute, Kansas, until
January, 1885; then at Exposition build
ing, New Orleans.
Pulverized bones furnish the best mate
rial for the shells Of eggs. Meal made
from entire bones is the best and is pre-
ferred by fowls, as it contains cOnsidera-
BILE nutriment in the form of fat and gela-
tine. 1t is difficult, however, to pulveTize
ed strictly for the purpose, and unless
they are fresh they are undesirable. By
placing the bones in wood or coal fire
the animal matter Will be consumed, when
the bones Become SO brittle that they are
easily reduced. 1t is not necessary to
grind them to powder. If left in pieces
as large as faXseed they will be eaten.
The managers of the Southern EXPOSE
tion Company, at Louisville, KY, have
issued prospectus for a National Agri-
cultural, Horticultural, Mineral and Live
Stock Exposition, to be held at Louisville
some time IN the future. In this mani
festO it is claimed that agriculture has
never received the encouragement from
the government that has been awarded to
the manufacturing interests. While there
are about 100000 of persons engaged in
agriculture there are but 3, 000, 600 engaged
in manufactures. There is mere than $12,-
600, 100000 of capital invested in farms,
implements and live stock, and less than
$4,000, 900, 900 invested in manufactures,
If plant be burned in the air 80 per
cent. of it will disappear in invisible
gases, diffused into the surrounding air,
and per cent. of it will remain unburned,
constituting the ash. The cOmbustible
parts are composed of four elements
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen.
The ash is composed of nine elements
potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium,
iron, silicon, chlorine, phosphorus and
sulphur. These last are conveniently
termed the ash minerals. The ash mine
rails exist in all soils, but not, as fire.
quently supposed, in ineXhaustible sup
ply, for experience demonstrates that the
phOsphates are especially liable to be-
come, after continuous cropping, deficient
for the full need of our cereal crops. In
like manner, in some soils, potash and
lime are deficient.
Here and there on all farms and in most
fruit gardens will be seen an occasional
tree or grapevine which seems to lack
vigor-does not grow well and yet seems
to have no particular disease. The prob
abilities are that the tree is dying of star
walton and needs liberal supply of food.
When you give it this ration do not pile a
load of manure around the trunk OF a
tree or the body of a grapevine. This is
just the place where it will do the least
good. Nearest the trunk of the tree the
roots are all large. The fibrous roots, the
feeders, are farther off near the end of the
roots. These only can take up the nutsi-
ment. 1t is always safe to assume that
the roots extend as far from the trunk in
every direction as do the limbs of the tree,
and to properly fertiliZe spread the ma
nure all over that area. Then fork it in,
and you have done good work and done
it well.
A writer in the Kansas Farmer says
that hives should be in readiness to re-
ceive the swarm as soon as it issues. And
to guard against absconding it will be
well to give them a comb containing ma
tured brood and honey, and in case clean
empty comb is available il will be well to
give this also, as IL saves labor and honey
and at the same time gives the new colony
Of 1Cn hn
swarm is hived, place it on its permanent
stand and in the shade. Excessive heat
often renders a new swarm discontinued,
and as consequence they leave the hive
and their owner. Besides, Immediately
after the bees enter their new quarters,
they mark the location, and in case the
hive is left where they first take possess
sion of it for several hours, many Of them
will be lost, as on leaving the hive the
next day they VIII go back to where they
were hived and become loss.
Cottonseed is the Southern bonanza.
There are three and a half pounds of the
seed to every pound of fibre. More than
4,000,0 600 tons are produced annually, but
Notwithstanding the rapid increase in the
number of mills, only about 10 per cent.
OF the seed is crushed, the rest being
largely thrown away. A ton Of seed
yields So gallons of oil, % pounds Of cot
ton and $50 pounds of cake used for fat
tening cattle. The value of these products
is $40. The oil is largely used for making
fine soaps, and when refined properly can
hardly be distinguished from olive Oil,
which it is superseding fer many purposes.
The hull of the seed constitutes about ore
half its bulk, and it is found that the hulis
supply fuel sufficient 20 operate the mills.
Not pound Of coal is needed. After the
burning the ashes are highly valued as a
fertilizer. The oil is also easily convert
BILE into glycerine, as has been demon
strated by actual manufacture, though it
has not been followed up to any great ex-
tent. Taken all in all, there are few raw
materials which work up more closely
and profitably than cottOnseed. Its man
ufactured products now reach IS, 00O, 900
annually, being about double what thew
were four years ago.
Now that the cold weather is approach
ing, or with Us, it ought 10 aforementioned
Of fa1f r,fo