The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-10-26

nothing about the escuteheon, because
do not know very much about it, and
do not believe in half that is sa,d and
written about it. Still | must say /
would prefer good, broad, well-winged
escutcheOn, of the Flanderine type. for
II the escutcheOn shows anything, 1t
indicates staying power, which is, per-
haps, the greatest merit COW can have.
Many twelve or fOurteen-quart COW
viii beat twenty-quart one in the long
run, especially in her butter record, a
true test of cows understanding
World.
A correspondent of an exchange says:
Horses may work well without injury
10 their feet, shod or unshod, according
to circumstances. If the farm and
roads arc free from stones or hard
gravel, even a tender-foOted horse may
be used advantageously without
shoes, except when the ground is frozen.
l have had horses with hOofs SO tough
that they aid not require single shoe
on them during the mild season for SIX
to seven months in succession. although
the roads they travelled off the farm
were OF hard, coarse gravel. From
other horses l could take Of the shoes
early in the spring, and have them work
from a week to a month, according to
tougbness, before their hOofs wore down
to be tender and they required shoeing.
Then allowed the shoes to remain on
four to six weeks, and again took them
off and allowed the horse to go barefoot
for a time. In this way their feet are
kept in perfect order. When shoeless,
the feet ought to be looked at daily, to
see that they are wearing down evenly,
and the wall is not Clipped or broken,
and that the frog is in good order.
Some horses are so tender-fOOted they
can not go a single day without shoes,
unless kept on soft pasture, clear OF
stones and gravel, or worked on soft,
cultivated ground. l have tried it Occa-
sionally. but have never yet possessed a
horse which could endure stOne-paved
streets without injury to the hoof, and
rarely one that could do so any length
of time on macadamized or quite stony
road.
1t is fact that will be readily admit
ted, by farmers especially, that they
know too little of the construction and
organism of the horse. Colvin gives a
very clear and simple description of the
stomach and digestive organs of this
animal which should be read by every
one that has anything to do with a
horse. He says: The horses stomach
| has a capacity Of only about sixteen
quarts, while that of the OK has two
| hundred and fifty. In the iAtestines
this proportion is reversed, the horse
having a capacity of one hundred and
ninety quarts against one hundred of
| the OK. The OK and most other animals
have a gall bladder for the retention of
| a part of the bile secreted during diges-
ton; the horse has none, and the bile
| flows directly into the intestineS as fast
as secreted. This construction of the
digestive apparatus indicates that the
| horse was formed to trot slowly and
digest continually bulky and injurious
food. When fed on hay it passes very
rapidly through the stomach into the
inteStineS.- The horse can eat but five
pounds of hay in an hour, which is
charged during mastication with four
times its weight of saliva. Now the
stomach, to digest it well viii contain
but about ten quarts, and when the
animal eats one third Gifts daily rations
or seven pounds, in one and one-hali
hours, he has swallowed at least two
stomachfulS of hay and saliva, one OF
| these having passed to the intestines
Observation has showed that the food
is passed to the intestines by his stom-
ach in the order in which it is received
Ii we feed horse six quarts of oats il
will just fill his stomach, and If, as soon
as he finishes these, We feed him the
above ration of seven pounds of hay, he
will eat sufficient in three-QuarterS of ar
| hour to have forced the oats entirely
out of his stomach into the intestines
As it Is the Office of the stomach to di
gest the heterogeneous parts of the feed
and as stomach full of oats contains
four or FIVE times as much of these a:
the same amount of hay, it is certain
that either the stomach must secret,
the gastric juice FIVE times as fast, which
is hardly possible, or it must retain thi'
food five times as long. BY feeding tn,
oats first, it can be retainedlong enough
for the proper digestion of hay, conse
quently it seems logical, when feeding
concentrated food like oats, with bulky
one like hay, to feed the latter first, Civ
ing the grain the whole time between
the repasts to be digested.-E1.
To be successful in wintering bee
each colony ought to have from twenty
five to thirty pounds of sound honey
that is to say, capped over, the comb
. of which if the cells are not closed owe
in the fall contain unsound honey, un
favorable for wintering-thes shoul(
he emptied with an extractor. and re
placed by combs firmly capped over
All the colonies should be taken int,
the cellar in the month of November
; or by the beginning of December, at tn
latest, If the season be mild, which celia
should be dry and perfectly dark; keeI
! up temperature from forty-five to fit,
degrees Fab. Dry and dark cellars or
) those in general use in the houses of tn
farmers, and are in general very favor
able to the wintering of colonies.
! 1t Is also necessary to create an nj
current at the top of the hives by mean
: of openings, or absorbents, which ma
draw off the. excess of moisture without
at the same time causing current @
air which would prove fatal to the bees
Bees emit during the winter an enormou
quantity of wdtery yaror, which, If
does not find an outlet, penetrates tn
: honey, renders 1t acid and causes tina
| fatal disease, dysentery-six or eigh
} inches Of straw placed directly upon til
comb frames are sufficient absorbent
/ you can obtain the same result wit
, Sawdust. Some cry out against the yer
e tilation of hives, relying upon the fac
| that they always winter with'sucees
without giving ventilation to their hives
5 1t is possible that they can succeed in
/ cellar exceedingly dry, and where ther
3 is not the least moisture, but such cor
ditions are seldom met with, and W
e affirm that ventilation is an essentia
} thing to successful wintering. II yo