davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
GENERAL NEWS.
An Uncomfortable Fire is Rag
ing at Pierre.
Damaging Floods in the
Wisconsin Lumber
District.
Denial Of {. Well Circulated Repor,
Of the Serious illness Of
the President.
GENERAL NEWS.
A FIRE Raging at Pierre.

FIRE Raging at Pierre.
Pierre, Dak., Sept. 12-A fire broke
out here at l:SO this morning. One
entire business block has been consumed,
including the First National bank. At
3 O'Clock the fire is still burning.
Later-A terrible fire raging in Hayden
u Bros. store. 1t spread north to Da.
kota avenue and south to Missouri
avenue, sweeping the entire block. in.
cluding the First National bank build.
ing. the stores of Phelan & Co., Good &
Co., II. Shurtliff and the Palace Theatre
The FIRE is still uncontrolled. The brick
bank building is in danger, but the
chances are it wiz be saved. The dam.
age is estimated at $4,000, with insur-
ance to cover one half the amount. Nc
fire department in the city. The fire il
spreading west on Dakota avenue, but
will not go any further north.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
FOREIGN.
A LOAN PROFFERED,

Cairo, Sept. PIT IS reported that
England has offered to guarantee a loan
to the Egyptian government if Egypt
will place its mosque property unde,
English control as security.
CHOLERA ITEMS.
Rome, Sept. l2-Italy has abolished
its quarantine against cholera on the
French frontier. King Humbolt hat
given $6O,0OO to the relief of cholera suf.
ferers. r. .
Naples. Sept. l2-The condition of af
fairs in Naples continues to improve
Throughout the night wooden housef
are building for the shelter of the pool
and sick.
The apprehended meat famine hat
been averted and the strike of butchers
has been settled.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

st. Paul, Sept. LA special to the
Evening Dispatch from Eau Claire, says
the booms on Point Greek tributary to
the Chippewa river. went out last night
and the water in the Chippewa rose
rapidly. This, with floating logs, carried
away the upper bridge OF the Wisconsin
Central at Chippewa Falls and also the
lower bridge between there and that
city, the Milwaukee & St. Paul bridge
and oil the city bridges here. and the
city bridge at Chippewa Falls, all car
ried away. The Omaha bridge at the
latter place has not yet gone, but there
is no telling what may happen if the
water gets higher, the Omaha railroad
bank beng badly washed. The water is
flooding the streets of this city, doing
great damage.
Later-The Eau Claire and Chippewa
rivers are higher than ever known be-
fore, the water flowing over the princi-
pal streets. Many buildings on the
lower grounds are floating away and half
million feet OF logs, broken fron the
boom near the Eddy Mills, are floating
down stream.
Chippewa Falls, Wis. Sept. 12-The
water has fallen about six feet in the
past twenty.four hours. From the city
side fifteen buildings were carried away,
and from the south side twenty. The
city will Immediately commence the
reconstruction of bridges. The bridges
through the country. without hardly an
exception, have been carried away. The
loss will not be less than one million
dollars.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Hopelessly Insane.

Pittsburg, Sept. ll-Lizzie Shonif, the
victim of the terrible assault near Six
Mile ferry on the night Of July Goth, is
hopelessly insane. She was brought
here from her home in Syracuse. N. Y,
to testify against the parties accused Of
making the assault, but her condition is
such that her testimony cannot be taken
in court. Preparations have been made
to have her placed in the insane asylum
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

A CARD-To all who are suffering from
errors and indescretions of youth, nervous
weakness, early decay. loss of manhood, &C..
will send recipe that will cure you, FREE OF
CHARGE. This great remedy was discovered
by missionary in South America. Send self
addressed envelope to REV. JOSEPH T. INMAN
Station D, NeW York
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Tie Mitchell Fire,

Mitchell. D. T.. Sept. 1l-Mitchell has
quieted down after the fire, and plans
for rebuilding on more extensive scale
ore being matured. All who have lost
in the fire will re- engage in business as
soon us IL location can be secured. The
aggregate loss is not far from 100000,
as first reported; insurance about $780,
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

STRAYED OR STOLEN From the farm o.
~ Isaiah Rifenbark on the Bon Homme roae
four miles west of Yam kton, on Saturday. th.
9Th day Of August. light bay mare pony will
white stripe in face, about eight years old
her head when attempting to disturb her ears
A small piece of rope was fastened to hel
neck: The finder will be rewarded by return
ing the animal or giving information that vii
lead to Its recovery. l. RlFENBARk.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Well and Hearty,

New York, Sept. l2-Referring to the
report that President Arthur, from heat
and other causes. was seriously ill, Mr..
Phillips, the presidents private secre-
tary, said this afternoon that the presi-
dent is as we'll and hearty as he ever
was.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Bankers Arrested.

Philadelphia, Sept. l2-Both OF the
Ladder Bros, the suspended bankers
were arrested this morning. Louis j. Of
Hoboken and VIM. at Atlantic City.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

Washington, d. O., Sept. 12-The
weather indications for the upper Mis-
sissipi valley are: Generally fair
weather, variable winds and slight rise
IN Temperature.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
The Weeks Failures

New York, Sept. 12-The failures in
the last seven days are reported by r. G.
Dun e. Co., number 22O as against 2l3
last week
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
A Banker Auicides.

Washington. D.. O., Sept. III. H.
Squier, private banker who made an
assignment short time ago. committed
suicide this morning by cutting his
throat with q pen knife.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

New York, September l3- The fail.
ure of Stafford & Co., of Providence
and Fall River cotton goods merchants,
is announced. Liabilities $25O,OOO.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

New York, Sept. l2, II q. m.-Stocks
opened firm but soon became weak and
lower. Prices declined Il to l1llc, the
later on Lackawana. Western Union
rallied and advanced l@11sc.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Dissolution Notice.

The partnership heretofore existing unde
the firm name and st, lie of Peterson 4 Co.. ii
this the ninth day Of August. 1884, dissolved b!
mutual consent. The business will be con
tinued by Peterson Brothers. who are author
lied to collect all due and to pay all liabilit!
of said firm.
Yankton, D. T., Aug. eth, 1884.
J. L.. NORRIS,
OLE PEDEkSON.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

Dissolution Of Partnership.
NOTICE is hereby given that the firm Of
~ Tideman, Taylor q Co., cOnsisting Of Kari
Tideman, Alfred Taylor and Walter y. Taylor
located and conducting farming business in
Hutchinson county, Dakota, is this day dis
solved.
Witness our hands this 8th day of August, 81
ALFRED TAYLOR,
WALTER Il. TAYLOR.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

Vermiilion Republican: The second
academic year Of the university of Da-
kota began on the 9th inst. The atten.
dance of students at the opening was
very encouraging. 1t is evident the en-
rollment within short time will reach
one hundred. Nearly one-fourth of the
present number consists of new students,
some of whom have entered the first
class. The process of examination and
classification is rapidly progressing, and
by Friday of this week the regular class
work will be going on in the various de-
partments. We are pleased to note that
the good work done in the university
last year is showing it's fruits in the in.
creased attendance and in the marked
improvement in scholarship. The citi.
zens in this vicinity are evidently appre.
ciatipg the work of SO valuable an insti-
tuition.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

Mitchell, d. T., Sept. l1-Douglas
county selects four delegates to the
Pierre convention. instructed for Ray
mond
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

YNAkEN UP-Five spring calves came to m,
Il place ten miles nOrthWest from YanktOn
Zigkov p. q. The owner is invited to call. pa,
charges and take them away.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Notice of Dissolution.

Notice Of Dissolution.
NOTICE is hereby given that the partnershiI
~ heretofore existing under the firm of Ware
4 West IL this day dissolved by mutual consent
All accounts due said firm to be settled b,
Ralph III. Ward.
RALPH NJ. WARD.
FRED. N. WEST.
Yankton, Dakota, Sept. ], 1884.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

l,OR RENT-Two rooms, carpeted. Suitable
Il for offices, over First National bank
NOR RENT-A brick store on south side of
4 Third street between Walnut and Cedar
also desirable second story rooms en- suite or
single. Applyto y. DEWITT.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
For Sale.
EOR SALE-About 100 choice young cows and
Il hcifers we'll gradsdand in tine condition.
", MINER, u Co., lanktcu, u. 4.


irURNISHED ROOMs-Comfortably furnish
ed rooms tor rent. Enquire at the north
west corner of Cedar and Second streets.
ID. p. DOWLlNG.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
MARKETS BY TELEGRAPH,

CHICAGO.
Chicago. Sept. l2.
W1zAr.,5L7owsr;; 7s,so cash, September; 7bac
October; 78Ac November; 7YAc December.
CoRN-Weak ard lower; 53slc cash, Septem-
ber; 50bc October; 49sc November, SOC year.
OATs-Steady; 24Ac September; 24Sc Octo-
WHIsKY-$l.1S.
RYE-54c.
BARLEY-Higher; 65c.
FLAxsEED-x1.3O. .
PoRK-Dull; $3.50 September, 1890 October
LARD Weaker: S7.17hc September; $7.17hc
October; 707Hc November.
Hoas-Receipts $500; firm; For light, $5.25
ing and slipping, S5.75e.25; grassels, $1,000
CA17LE-Reeeipts $500; steady exports. 81. 80
07;0o; good to choice, SB00g6g0; common
era, $S.5O14.4O.
MILWAUKEE,. - IT,.
Milwaukee. Sept. 12
WHEAT-Weaker; &c cash, September; 75Sc c
October; ;i; TSc November No e ats
OATs-Firm, 2Sc.
B4a1ssssteady, Bfnnssssa s1c.
Yankton Prices.
Yankton, Sept. IL.
WHEAT-No. 1,.......... ................. .65088s
SAas
10000
POTATOES. .160oOc
LIVE ii Hoos .::.:..........x;is;o;ss5dS x;soas5
WOOL................ .ADlbc
Eggs, per dOz.... ......................... Pc
outtef' per 6Ol2o
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

The Illinois Central railroad company
has made its report to the railroad and
warehouse commissioners for the year
ending June 30, 1884. as follows: Capi.
tai stock. $4,000, 900; liabilities, So, 7,l25,-
600; length OF track operated, 2,3l5
miles; number passengers carried. $685.
454; tons Of freight carried, 3,47I,300;
earnings passenger department, $3,417,-
1882; earnings freight department, S.
430,OO7.87; income from all sources, Sl2,-
749. 1885; operating expenses and taxes,
S6,S45.7lO.92; net income, $lS4.6s6.27;
balance last year, $4,s50,656.50; balance
this yea, $3l, ,09S.22; balance, $4,Ss1. .749..
72; locomotives, 1872; cars Of all classes,
4,641.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Dakota Conventions

Dakota Conventions.
st. Vincent. Sept 1.-THE republi.
cans OF Pembina county, Oak, held their
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

jamestown special: The Morning
Alert, established in July, 1881, has sus.
pended. An associated press agent called
on Mr.. Mcclure. proprietor, this evening
to ascertain the cause. and was informed
that the patronage of the city would not
justify the publication of q morning
paper with the associated press report,
without which he could not make his
daily satisfactory success. Mcclure is
one of the Oldest journalists in the terri
tory, and is known to be solid financially,
with an Office and material worth over
SIS, 600 and out of debt. The Alert will
now be published as weekly, together
with Sunday morning edition.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

xNANTED IMMEDIATELY-A girl to dt
w general housswork. Apply to .,,,
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Aaily 2ress and @akotaiau

Ipswich Tribune: It would be sensi.
bic thing il some Of our exchanges Who
are laudipg Gov. Pierce would remove
Ordway's name from their territorial
directories. They should remember that
Ordway has 'tgone.''
Huron Times: Will the righteous re-
gent inform the public Why, when he
failed to go down and attend real
business meeting at the Vermillion
university but went to Minneapolis in.
stead, he telegraphed Gen. Beadle to
have mileage allowed him from Huron
to Vermillion.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12

GIRL WANTED-To do general housework,
bury's, corner Of Second and Cedar streets.
Press and daily Dakotaian. (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1880-1889, 1884-09-12
Special Notices.
Wants.

WANTED D-Wantsd . gOed
- blaoksmith and horsosAocr. Apply 70 T.
j. Williams, Douglas Avenue. st
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1884-03-08
A Marblehead Romance.

In January, 1883, Howard Blackmore
and Thomas WEIGH, of the Gloucester
schooner Grace L. Fears, went adrift in
their dory off the Burgeo bank, and
WEIGH soon succumbed to the intense
cold, leaving his companion, barely
alive, to drift about in the frail boat.
By carefully outstanding his little re-
naming strength the poor fellow man
aged, after several days of almost in
credible hardship, to gain the shore of
Newfoundland, where he was kindly
cared for by one Frank Lishman and his
family. Blackmore, restored to health,
reached his home in Gloucester in May,
and, very naturally, made no secret Of
the trials through which he had passed.
Mr. William Litchman, of Marblehead,
was one of those who heard the tale,
and it occurred to him that the hospita-
BILE Newfoundlander might be rela-
tive. 1t appears that Mr.. Litchman,
who is a native of Little River, N. F.,
left that place in 1888 with his father,
and came to Massae husetts. The father,
who was a fisherman, disappeared in
1888, leaving the boy to believe him
dead. William grew to manhood in ig-
nOrance Oh II ldllly cOnhoctlOnSi
changed his name to conform to it,
usual pronunciation, and became use
full member of society. Until he hearC
this recital of Blackmore he supposed
that his wife and children were his only
near relatives; but now he wrote to Lit
tie River to gain, if possible, informa
ton on this point. The result has beer
an Identification of Mr.. Frank LishmaI
as a brother. Boston Journal.
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1884-03-08
Boy Murderers.

Two Cincinnati boys worked in liv-
cry stable. Their employer had in his
possession something less than $500,
and they knew it. They conferred to-
gether and made up their minds to kill
and rob HIM. One night he entered the
stable, and one boy asked the other:
sis it bargainP" The reply was:
'It's go.'' 1t had been agreed that
the boy who struck the first blow should
have fifty dollars of the "swag" more
than the other. They both rushed upon
the man and knocked him senseless.
Then they beat him more. Then as he
still showed signs of life they took
halter from the head of one of the horses
and tying it about his throat choked
him to death. Afterward they took the
body in a wagon some miles out OF
town and threw it among some willows
on the bank of the river. One of the
boys bought his sweetheart bracelet,
and for some time the two enjoyed
themselves with their ill-gotten funds.
These boys are as old in crime as if
they had done many murders. They
took pains to throw suspicion on an in
nocent person, and doubtless enjoyed
his agony. The fact that the crime has
finally been traced to them gives them
no trouble, however. Perhaps they
even enjoy the notoriety they have ere
ated. They have confessed, but show
no regret. One of them dances iigs in
his cell. 81 s'pose we ought to be
lynched," he says, ''but l don't care. y
The cruelty of the murder and the
agony of the dead mans family occa-
sion them little pain. Possibly, since
it helps to make them notorious, they
like it.
How shall this extraordinary deprav.
ity be accounted forP Undoubtedly by
the circulation of bad lite ature-flash
newspapers, dime novels and papers
for boys and girls which paint vice in
gaudy colors and show in various ways
that virtue and responsibility are to be
laughed at. This flash literature is for
sale at every news stand. 1t is openly
exhibited in shop windows. There is a
pretense of regulating the sale of the
various poisons known a. poisons, but
this most dangerous of I'll poisons is
given the freedom of the city, and Of
every city and every town. Half the
murders of the day are com mitted by
children that ought still to he within
the circuit of their motherS apron
strings. The most of-them are murders
more brutal than the worst grown per
son would be guilty of, and some o
them are committed from mere wanton
ness. The boy of the period passes ;
large portion of his time imagining
himself heroic thief, noble assassin
pirate with red sash about his wais
and saber slash across his check.
What is the law going to do abont it
Will the incoming Legislature ignoreth
question, as so many Legislatures have
M Y. Graphic.
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1884-03-08
NUMBER 10.
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

Cashmere shawls are embroidered
almost entirely by men, and sometimes
q single garment represents the work
of three generations.--N. x. Sa15.
"A breastpin containing ON Edison
glow light, fed by q small wAistcoat
pocket battery, is sold for nine dollars
at Nuremberg, Germany. Chicago Her
aid.
The Mennonites in Nebraska build
dams across the ravines on their farms,
aud in that way provide an abundance
OF stock water They stock many OF
their ponds with fish and utilize others
by raising large numbers of water fowls.
Chicago Times.
Holland. In the last three centuries,
has recovered from the sea at least co.
600 nc es. The Lake OF Harlem became
terra firma between 1910 and 1852, and
the Zuyder Zee Is in process of transfor-
nation into 100000 valuable. acres.
Holland has now 1,479,000 oxen and
cows, and her present output Of cheese
Is estimated to be worth ~, 100000
Baltimore men are talking about
reviving the sugar refining business in
the city, which declined In 1875. The
plan Is to organize company with
| 81, 900, 900 capital. and erect buildings
with capacity OF twelve hundred bar
rels a day. IL Is said that such an enter
| prise would give employment, directly
and indirectly, to twenty thousand per-
sons. Baltimore San.
Even little Bernau, hermit near
Berlin, may boast Of having given birth
| to an inventor, who has taken out n
patent on no less an invention than
! that Of cane, holding sewing-ma-
chine in its head. 1t Is said to be very
neat, practicable and recommendahle
thing; unfortunately, however, the in
dividuals ARRIVING canes are, Us rule,
not In the habit Of sewing, aud those
that are do not carry canes. 80 Chicago
i1sicr- Ocean.
West Virginia papers are saying
that the need OF that State Is men Of
money, brains, energy, muscle and
steadfastness, and all such are promised
hearty welcome and abundant oppor.
tunlties for increasing their. store Of
means and happiness. "We have, say
they, "room for industries without mum
, her; we have lands to be cultivated 81
unrivaled fertility; we have mineral
wealth beyond compares; we have raw
material OF every kind to be mined anC
mlled, rising generation to educate
schools to buih up; we have work foi
all.
England found Australia, Indie
and New Zealand destitute of hundreds
Of products for which their climate ant
soil seemed well adapted. In a brie
time numerous experiment stations, un
der the management Of experts trained
at the home stations, had introduced
such variety " valuable products no
native to tho countries as to many time
J quadruple their commerce, and TO ma
! terally modify the habits and custom
of the people. Russia has experimental
stations and forestry plantations i
J every province supported in princel,
l fashion
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1884-03-08
Advertising Enterprise in San Francisco

When the defendant took the stand
his honor said:
prisoner, you are charged with hav-
ing removed the goblet from the hand
of the Cogswell statue, substituting
pair of two-bit suspenders, with a pla-
card calling attention to your establish
ment across the way"
"Well, shudge, replied the offender
with an ingratiating smile, "off goorse
wants to get along in peesness.
"After which," continued the court,
sternly, ''you substituted lot of neck
ties for the suspenders, and attached to
the other hand lot OF bills referring to
your new stock of gum shoes and hair
oil -
"Dose hair oil is fust-rate, your hon
or, said the defendant 81 would like
to sell you pottle.n
"And yesterday, continued the court,
consulting the indictment, ''you OBJ
structed the thoro fares, and created a
sturbance, by placing a paper-collar
and plug hat on the statue in ques-
ton"
"Dose blug hats is cheap at four dol
lar, shudge. Moses Levy sharges fife
unit hal # vor dem same kind, re-
Joined the trader, cheerfully. II beats
dose fellers efery dimes"
"And at night went on his honor,
sat night it appears you place in the
| figures hand a transparency contain
| ing further advertisement of your
wares. Now, this is most improper an6
reprehensible."
''Dot's right, shudge," said Mr. Solo
mons, deli htedly. Glitch into me OF
you please. Spheak loudt, so dos
noosbaper vellers gan hear you,' ant
he smiled benignantly upon the report
ers.
'sGreat heayensr' Numbered tn,
court, as a frightful idea struck him
us it possible YOU have the mendaeit,
to use the machinery OF this court as Al
advertising dodgep'
'Dots it, dots it, shud ge!' exclaime
the Cheap John. rubbing his hands ex
ultantly. 81 svore oud der gomblain
myself '-Sqn Francisco Post.
The St. Charles herald. [volume] (Hahnville, La.) 1873-1993, 1884-03-08
in the sum of $4,000 to preserve the
peace and dignity of the State of Colora-

in the sum of $4,000 to preserve the
peace and dignity of the State of Colora-
do"
Then came an awful crash in Reds
affairs. Creditors swooped down like
cormorantS, and the Netos' outfit was
disposed of pieeemeal to the job offices
by the Sheriff. The Colonel tore h s
hair. and. for a time, was demented in
earnest. He had lucid intervals, however,
and in one of them gave bond and fled
between two suns.
Nearly year after met him in Den
yer. 1t was most unexpected. He
looked old and seedy, and his coat was
pinned in several places where the but
tons had given way; still he seemed to
De living life of glorious ease. We
talked for upward of an hour ON old
times, and then he excused himself,
saying that his wife would be expecting
him home.
Your wife!n I exclaimed, in aston
ishment.
"Yes," he said, composedly; "don't
you remember her-nee Nolan. The
fact is" he dropped his vol lower,
''she is working for society paper here,
and supporting us both !"
He started away, and then turned
round and cried out in hoarse, wilde x-
ultation: Revenge! me boy, revenge!'
-TeIGs SiftisgS.