davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10
School books al AT. & NH. Grier's
New Prunes, 10 lbs. for s1.OO.
LTrOwIcH & WOLsIEFFER.

School books 20 AT. & NH. GTier's
New Prunes, 10 lbs. for sI.OO.
LITOWIcH & WOLsIEFFER.
Good all wool Overeoats worth SIS
for $3.50. Suits worth SIS for SIP at
ROthsehild Bros.
Happy New Year New Storei
New Goods New Priees-all at
Campbell q TuthIlls.
ANAsAL INJECTOR free with each
bottle Of Shiloh's Catarrh Remedy.
Price 50 cents
Millinery at cost at T. 4 NJ. H.
Grier's.
Mrs. Ada sill desires 10 give lessons
on the Piano 70 q number Of pupils
Apply At the residence Of Elder A. d
Goodwin, Seventh Street.
Z. Lott Is agent for Salina and vi
einity for the celebrated Rock Spring
and Carbon Wyoming Territory coal,
superior to any Colorado coal and
from t2-25 10 s3-25 less . ton. Cheapest
and best coal ever brought to this
market Try Il.
Happy New Year! New store (!
New Goods. New Prlces-all af
Campbell 4 TuthiIPs.
sLEEPLEss NIGHTS, made mis-
cradle by that terrible cough. shilOh's
Cure Is the remedy for you For sale
By Oscar Seitz.
Heavy business and dress suits, and
Overeoats can be bought very cheap at
Solberg's.
Happy New Year. New Store :
New GoOdsi New Prices-all at
Campbell a Tuihll1's.
Have you seen those elegant library,
table and hanging lamps AZ Seitz's
Drug Store IfyOu have not, 90 At
once and view them. You will find
just what you have been looking for.
Happy New Year! New stnrel
New Goods New Priees-an at
Campbell 4 Tuihlll's.
WANTED - wash girl and dining
rom gin, e the WRtmann Houae.
Tmmedlatsly.
Have yoa seen those elegant library
table and hanging lamps a. Seitz Drug
store Ifyou have not, 60 al once and
view them. You viii ind just what
yoa have been boxing Tor.
Happy New Year. New Store
New Goolsi New Pirees-Call q
Campbell & Tufhilra.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

Mr. William. johnson. % Huron.
Dak.. writes that bis wife had been
trouble with acute Bronchitis Coz
many yeaTs, and that al rsmedlss
tired gave no permanent relief. until
be procured = bottle o. D.. RTag's
View Discovery for Consnmpiion.
Coughs. and Colds. which had q nag
Ieal sfssst, and prOduee9 q permanent
cure. Il II guaranteed % cure al
Diseases Of Threat. Lsungs, o. Bron-
ehial Tubs.
Trial Bottles Free Il Oscar seiiE'
drug store. Large size 800.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

Mr.. Deweese, attorney Of he B. &
NJ railroad, has been in town arran-
ging preliminaries for the construc-
ton Of his road 20 Salina. To con-
form 10 the Kansas laws, the new
route il called the Chicago, Iowa &
Kansas Railroad. and IL 10 be con-
strueted from Odell, on the B. & NJ,
by way Of Washington, Ks, Coneor-
dia, aud Minneapolis 10 Salina. The
roid Is already graded 10 Washington,
about 100 miles from Salina. All be
asks Of Salina Is that her people shall
pie lge depot grounds % about 10 acres
FIR tracks. depot and round house
purposes and the right OF way from
the North line OF the county 20 the
Southern limits Of the city This the
citizens Of Salina agree to do. many Of
them entering into a bond Of SIS, 900
for the performance of the agreement.
Mr.. Deweese states that the board Of
directnrS Of the b x NJ. meet in Chi
cagO ora the 18th inst, al which time
the proposition Of 5alina and similar
propositions ofOther towns on the pro-
posed line % road will be considered,
and probably accepted. This railroad
connection with Salina will be one Of
the greatest benefit. aud our peOl le
are enthusiastic for Il.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

The following pupils have been per
feet In aftendanee, punetnality and
department and have an average
scholarship o. IS o. more
High SehOol-EdWard Arnold, 100
L. Wsger, S.; +. Martin, s.
Sixth Grsde-Anua Jennerson, g ;
Flora Davis, 81.
Fidh Grade-Phoebs Godfrey, S. ;
Clara Bryant, IS; Nora joyce, g
Flora Hensley, 81
Third Grade-Hattie Maps, s. F;
Sophla White, 81; Bertha Krouse, 81.
Blanehe CiaFkson, 81 Ma1d Mills.s7:
MsEgie Mo0Fe, 81; Ettie Husion. 81 ;
Pauline Putsch, 81; Norman Bishop.
s. {: Annls Maxwell, s., George Dihie,
s. T: Jennie Swanson. IS Willie Stone
brakeF. s. T: ALFRED Andersun, -.
Second Grade-Ogear Broweau, s. ;
Katie Peters, S. Josie Maxwell, s. .
Allie Martha. S.; Ana Ransom, 81 ;
May Kulm, 81.
First Greie-Bemi Hoore, Fanuy
Ransoa. Grace Moore, HAIRY MARI
land, Oscar Broweau-
PRoE. +. d. FFTzPATECK
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

IL II the week Of prayer" the
chuIenes holding separate evening
services. The Union services are
held In the afternoon i'm the Baptist
Church. The following is the pro-
gramnie for the remaining evenings /:
Thursday. January 10th Prayer
for the church OF Christ-FOF q
prayerful aud labOriOus ministry for
n conservation and cooperation in
members; for early devotion in edu-
Gated youths; and for the divine
blessing in winning the worldly.
Friday, January nth: Prayer for
NatiOns.-FOr Legislators. that staiutei
may be cOnfOrmed to divine law; for
rulers, that they may conscientiOusly
administer government for peace and
Cancellation between nations, and for
popular integrity in the duties Of citi-
zens
Saturday, January l2th: Prayer
for Home and Foreign Missions: For
missionaries, that they may be sus-
tanned In trials and prove efficient in
labers; FOR heathens, MOhamme,lan
and lsraelites, that they may be won
TO Christ.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10
FREE or COST.

By calling At Oscar seitz's drug store
you can get q sample bottle Of Dr..
BOsanko's Cough and Lung Syrup
which will relieve the most obstinate
Cough or Cold, and show you what
the regular 50 cent size win do. when
troubled with Asthma, Bronchitis,
Dry Hacking Cough, Pains in the
Chest and eli diseases Of the Threat
and Lungs, try q sample bottle o. this
medicine.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

Anyone deairous 81 being he oRner
ola house and I0t. o. farm, Wiu b
able % secure Il By subscFibing sioek
in the new Bidding and Loan Aso-
eiaiion nov being organiled This 3
tas bsss opp0rfunliy ever offered %
persons 81 limited lne0msio make a.
ing@@ent whioh VIII insuss llrgs
psofis o. seeuEe . hone. Cal Is 0nes
e fhe Olics q Wight. Henns a Lynn
over Eaiina Bank The o3cs Will -
kspf open every evening tbs wuek
unlfi9 o'elsek, % aco0mmodais ihoas
wko ennnof eall duling ne dsy.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

The best Salve 10 THE world FOR
Cuts, Bruises, Sore, Ulces, Salt
Rbeum, Fever Sores. letter, Chappsd
Hands. Chilblains, sCOEns. and eli
Skin EruptIOns. add positively eurss
Piles. OF no pay roquired- II b guar
auteed 10 give perfect satisfaction, o.
money refunded Price = cents per
box. Fer Sale By Oscar Seitz.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

l@u A ~. o II
c. P. Collins. aad Al Dssh went 5
Minneapolis Tuesday afl1fnoon, 70
assist 1Ir. Devices. attorney Tor the B.
a n, in procuring Of Minneapolis the
same agreement for right q way, de-
pot grounds &C., which va procured
here.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

The following Il the programme for
the Literary Society Friday. Jan. n.
Musical Director, NJ s. 3.
Music.
biographical Sketch-S Scott, Mrs.
league.
Recitation from Scott, Mr. Geo.
Hough.
Criticism on works Of Scott, DR.. J.
W Daily.
Reading from Scott. Mrs Radclif.
RECEss.
Music.
Lecture, Mr.. Geo White.
Recitation, Miss May Belleville.
Music.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

IWIli sell e public auction, IN Sc
lima, on Saturday, Jan. 18th, 1884. e
? O'eioek, P. ~ three pure bred Poland
China B ars. six months Old-just
right Tor service. RID. PECK,
49-2w. aalfna. Eaneaa.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

VIII you suffer with Dyspepsia an
Liver Complaint? Shiloh's VitalizeT
is guaranteed 10 cure you. For sale By
Oscar Seitz.
happy New Year. New Store
New GOOdsl New Prices - all e
Campbell 4 Tuthllps.
FOR DYSPEPSIA and Liver Com
plant, you have = printed GUARANTEES
on every bottle Of ShIloh's VitalizsF.
II never fails 10 cure.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

"Whaf causes TIE great rush e.
Oscar SeliE's drug siors9 - The free
dl.fribuiiol q sample bottles q Dr..
Bosanko'a Coush and Lang Syrup. tie
mast populaF Remedy Scr Coughs.
Coids. Cunaampiicn and Bronchitis.
On he market Regular sizs 50 cents
auf q.oo.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

The annual meeting Of the stock
holders Of the Opera House AssOcia-
ton, Of Sallna. Kansas, will be held
at the Office Of the secretary, Friday,
Jan. II, 1884, at ten O'Clock An.
T. l.. BOND, Secretary.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

At the residence OF the brides par
ents. January 9Th. 1884. Mr.. William
Robertson to Miss Mary f. Holm, all
Of Saline county. Rev. J. A Antrim
officiating.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

There will be a meeting Of the sa-
lima Post, No. l27, @. A. r, Saturday
afternoon, Jan 18th, 1884, at O'Clock
in Odd Fellows Hall.
L. NJ. FUTILE, F. A. SMITH,
Post Commander, Adjutant.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

We have received SO, 900 worth Of e
finer grade Of clothing than ever came
to this country. which we will sell a.
prices lower than ever known here
before. Come and see ~.
LTrOwICH & WoIsrEFFER.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10
Notice.

All persons indebted to us are re
quested 10 come In and settle up their
accounts. either by cash OF note, on or
before the 2Oth day Of January, 1854
MARYLAND, DODGE 4 MOORE.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

ThS STRONG LullBER COMPANY W. sassasa.z b.e
sbou October st. with and eonipless soek e unss
shingles ah sh doors blinds &c. &c once and ysrd on Iron
Avenue west Of the Metropolitan Hotel In connection with cur
red and white cedar posts win sale 20 tons Hr-
barbed fence wire at $6as per 100 pounds
CHARLES c. cULP. Manager
LIMA. KANs- Sept 9. 1883.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

Regular Annual meeting Of the
Kansas Valley Detective Association
for election Of officers, Saturday, Jan.
18th, 1884, az one O'Clock. A full at
tendance Il desired.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

Report showing the enrolment, at
tendance and punetuality Of the Sa
lima public schools, for the month end
fng Jan 4,I88i:
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10
FL JOURNAL
THURSDAY, JANUARY 10. 1854.

EEu epi.s e EHE gOURE1L 49, . -
q - HsSta's 0ss - q - BsoE aurs q Bliss
ks.f a s.aaaa-
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

Notice Is hereby given TO all teach
ers who intend 10 teach IN this
county, that there will be but four
examinations held this year. a. fol-
lows: The first, Jan. 18th, the second
March sth. the third August 18th and
3Oth, and the fourth October 4tb.
The first examination will be held at
the Court House. The exercises will
begin promptly at 8 O'Clock.
498t L. A. DAVIS, Co. Supt.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10
WhaW

What ans suits. soiberg. the Taylor.
= tuning oat-Go and leave yOuF
rlan.nra
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10

OveTeOats at Bankrupt prices at
Rothsehild Bros'.
Buy your Overcoats At SolbeFg's.
where you win get value received.
New Year! New Store! New
Goods! New Priees-Al at Camp
bell q Tuihill's.
Have you seen those elegant library,
table and hanging lamps At Seltz's
Drug store. Ifyou have not, 20 a.
once aud view them. You viii ind
just what you have been looking for.
WASTED-A competent servant
girl. Inquire Oft. =. Carver.
FOR SALE-A fine new Piano. En-
quire orc. Melbert. Santa Fe.
Happy New Year. New Store
New Goods New Prices-Au az
Campbell q TnshlIl's.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10
Say /


Get you q nice suit Tor the holidays
at Solbers's
CATARRH CURED, health and
sweet breath secured By Shiloh's Cat
tarrh remedy. Prier % cents, Nasal
Injector free For sale by Oscar seliz
Furnished rOoms for rent. second
house from cor. sth and Ash streets.
GEo. +. BANKS.
WANTED-A girl 10 do general
housework Enquire Of Mr.. ND.
Sampson.
SHILOH'S COUGH and Consume
ton Cure Is sold By Us on q guarantpe
For sale BY Oscar Seiiz.
ss0oO prize given this week At
Shooting Gallery to any man Who
beats John Baker In q seven Of eight
shots. shots sc.
Happy New Year. New Store
New Goods New Prlees-aIi at
Campbell & Tuthills.
Anderson q LlndblOm's prices are
away down below former prices
Leave orders with them and you viii
get the latest styles and the cheapest
and best work in Central Kansas
We have one hundred new Caa.i-
mere Suits, also 100 new OveIeuaia
just received from = bankrupt sals.
We bought them Tor about % cents
on the dollar and will sell them lower
than manufacturers price.
ROTHscHTLD BRos.
sHILOHiS VITALIZER l. what
you need for Constipation, Los Of
Dizziness and all symptoms
Of Dyspepsia Price 10 aud IS cents
per bottle For sale By Oscar Seitz.
LOsT-A bunch Of small keys IN
post-Offiee. The finder will recsive q
very liberal reward by returning them
to this Office.
Happy New Year! New Store!
New Goods New Prices all a
4 TuthilPa
CROUP,H HOPPING COUGH and
Bronchitis Immediately relieved by
Cure. For sale by Oscar seitz.
Go 10 Bsnheld & wiIllams' for
The best goods In the line Of harness,
saddles, lap-rObes, whips. &c.
Courteous treatment and cheap pr
res.
The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1884-01-10
j. c. Rash & son. Isl
Low Priced Cash Store

The place buy clean goods Of the latest e most dabl
things in every line that the markets Of the United States afford
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1884-01-16
The Highland Lynching to be
InvestigaIed-R esignattOn
of Judge Goodwin.

Especial Dispatch to the Baltimore SUM-
Richmond, Jan. ll,-Mr. L. H..
Stevenson, Commonwealth attorney
Of Highland county, who was 10 this
city yesterday, left for home on learn
ing of the lynching of Atchison by
drunken mob. He will take imme-
date action looking to the arrest of
the lynchers, who are said to be
pretty we'll known 10 Highland
county, where the horrible affair was
perpetrated.
Gov. Cameron sent communica-
ton to the Legislature o-day trans
hitting the resignation of Judge D.
J. Goodwin, Of the corporation Court
Of Norfolk, to take effect February l,
which was tabled and ordered to be
printed. Charges were preferred
against Judge Goodwin and heard by
committee of the House in which
it was alleged that he displayed favort-
ism to his SOD and had otherwise con-
Quoted himself in a manner unbecom
ing bis position. The committee rec
ported these charges were not sus-
tanned by the evidence.
The House committee for courts of
Justice this sfterDoon commenced to
hear testimony in tho case OF Judge
Claiborne a coalition judge OF Frank
lin county, whose removal from office
is asked for by petitioners of that
county. Tie charges preferred
against him are unbecoming conduct
on aud Of the bench. Claiborne,
when he was elected by the Malone
Legislature in 1880, was denounc-
ed asa gambler. The investigation
will occupy several days. There are
two OF three other Malone county
~ dyes against whom charges are
pending, and which will be heard as
speedily as possible by the committee.
Dir. Samuel c. Williams, late read
juster superintendent Of the Virginia
peniteutiary. in answer to resolution
Of inquiry from the State Senate in
regard to the cost Of the new femsle
ward of that institution, admits that
5000 was wasted by gross misman-
agement OF one Of the board Of direc-
tors" who assumed the superinteno
deDcc Of The improvement.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1884-01-16
AOueen's OpinIOn.f

What peculiar feeling is experien
ced by americans the first time they
gaze upou royalty. Here, in THU
free country, where every citizen is
king and every mother a queen,
peep at royalty or entitled princes and
potentates does not come very often.
Morbid curiosity often leads our citi'
zens to act ia a manner unbccoming
their nigh estate. PERUNA is fast
making its way throughout the land
aud is becoming known. Everywhere
that it is used by tue sick and afflicted,
it makes wonderful cures, and is given
all the praise tor It's good work.
j. NJ. Queen Whites from JObnstown
". Va, that be had been sorely attic
ted tor several years, but he was urg-
ed 10 try PERUNA, which he did, and
he now feels that he is about over bis
trouble, and con siders it the greatest
medicine in the world. He says be
has to 70 or send distance OF fifteen
miles TO obtain PERUNA, but it will
repay hin for this. Ask for it at the
Learest dug store.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1884-01-16
some OF the Very Coolest Days
In the Worlds History.
cleveland Herald

II is bit of a coincidence that the
comet upon shsh Nspoleou'S soldiers
gazed seveLty years ago, when they
were making that dreadful march from
Moscow which resulted in the death
from cold and exposure of 400, 900 men,
shonld be accompanied on its reappear-
ance with a bitter cold spell Of weather.
When it swept out Of sight the world
witnessed an unusually severe winter.
This incident, as we'll as the present
cold snap. recalls other severe winters.
In October. T63. and February, 764, the
denizens of the cities of mosques and
minarets were astonished By q cold
spell of weather, and the two seas at
Constantinople were frozen over for
twenty DAYS. In 1868 the Thames was
frozen over for fourteen weeks. In
l4O7 the cold was so intense 10 England
that all tho small birds persisted, aud
10 1888 The large fow 10 Of the air were
driven by the terrible cold into the
towns aud cities of Germany.
In 1853 The winter was so severe IN
Flanders that the wine distributed wac
cut with hatchcs.
The year 1868 was noted for cold
weather IN England. Thousands oil
forest and shade trees were split by
trost, birds and stock persisted. line of
stages ran Oh the Thames for several
weeks, and shops were built on the ice
10 the middle OF the Thames.
10 1851 the wolves were driven by
the cold Into Vienna, where they At
tackled men aud cattle OIL the street.
In 1910 quicksilver froze 10 the Their
momster bulbs at Moscow. One OF
the most remarkable changes OF tenn
peraturc was witnessed at HornseV aud
nammersmith, near London, In 1867.
The thermometer was 90 below zero on
the Alb OF January, aud sevcOty-two
hours later il had lsaped to $50 above
zero.
With respect TO America some OF the
remarkable cold spells we're as follows:
In 1870, and again 1921, New York
barber was frozen over so that teams
were driven across the ice 10 Staten
Island. The neighboring State OF In'
diana saw weather cold enough to con-
geal the mercury in 1855. The winter
Of 1881 was made memorable by cold
weather. Ga the 18th and Goth days
of January many deaths occurred from
the intense cold, and the residents OF
Mobile saw the thermometer sing to
zero.
A record OF cold sieges would be i'm
perfect without a mention Of the terribly
sudden storm that swept over the coun-
try in 1864, which has gone into history
as the cold New Years. A drayWan
was frozen to death 10 Cincinnati while
driving along the street: man climb
ing feu &c 10 Minnesota froze 10 death
and toppled over into the snow. while
the loss of human and animal lives 10
all parts OF the country was immense
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1884-01-16
Virginia Legislative Affairs.

RICHMOND, VA. Jan. IA. bill
was today introduced in the Sem
ate for the apportlonment of the
State TOR members OF Congress
The State is entitled to ten MEM
bers. The Mahoneites endeavored
at the last session of the Legisla
ture TO gerrymander the Stale so as
10 secure at least seven districts,
but were thwarted by the "Blg
Four" in the Senate.
A resolution was passed by the
Senate today directing an inyesti-
cation OF the manner in which the
contract was awarded in 1882 tor
the printing OF the new Rlddleber'
ger bonds. The Malone sinking
lnnd commissioners. whe had cou
troll oil the matter, awarded the
contract tor that work first to the
Kendall Bank>Note Company OF
New York. Malone officials,
however, subsequently interposed
objections to the action OF the boald.
The Kendalls proceeded with the
work, aud completed a large por-
ton OF it The sinking tuLd
board raised captIous objections to
the time at which the first Install
ment OF bonds were delivered, al
though delay, as is alleged, was
caused by the interference Of tue
board. The contract was subse
quently awarded TO the American
Bank Nole Company Of New York.
Saturday suit instituted by Ken
dali against the State in the CIR
cult Coult resulted in verdict OF
$4,000 for the complalnants.
This legislative investigation is ILL.,
tended to develop the means a.
dopted for the rejection oil the
Kendall work by The Malone
board.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1884-01-16

A LOVER DUMPED IN THE SNOW
There was sad ending 10 an elope-
ment of young couple in Glovers'
vile, n. Y, last week. At midnight,
on Thursday last, tie young lover ar
rived at the house OF a wealthy manu-
factursr, by appointment, aud carried
the daughter away with him 10 his
cutter. The family were aroused, how
ever, and The irate father took one Of
bis horses from bis stable and followed
the ruuaways. He overlook them
about ten miles from the town, dumped
the young man out into the snow, took
seat il the sleigh beside bis daughter,
and drove home. while the young
Romeo was compelled to wend bis
weary way back through the snow and
wind and darkness.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1884-01-16
The Lee Monument.

The Petersburg Nail says: Let US
hare The monument. 10 all It's stately
grandeur, appearing its front TO high
heaven. ard telling future generations
how nobly men fought and died 10 the
brave days of '60-'65. Let every Vr-
ginian who did service under the great
old man deem il his duty as well as his
ples sure to give something toward the
erection OF the monument. And let us
never cease 70 thank heaven that ID
these days Of cynicism, OF materialism.
Virginia gave birth 10 man whose
highest boast was that he was a u rls'
tiau soldier and Virsinian.