The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1884-07-19
Chewing the Cud.

Every child living in the country has
stood and watched this curious opera
ton, and wondered what the lump was
which he saw come up in the cows
throat, and then go down again after
she had chewed it for certain length
of time. And perhaps he may have
seen the anxiety and turmoil produced
on farm by the report that some one
of the cows had ''lost her cud, and as
the result of this excitement he may
have seen the absurd attempt to make
new cud,' in the hope that the COW
would by such means be restored to
good condition. There is in the minds
of large proportion of the community
SO little correct understanding of the
true nature of chewing the cud' that
few words concerning it may not be
amiss. A very large tribe of animals.
of which sheep and COWS are only
familiar examples, are called in works
of natural history ruminantia because
they all ruminate-they chew the cud.
They have, it is said in the books, four
stomachs, but the statement is not
strictly correct, for the entire digestion
is done in a single one, that which is
called the fourth, the other three being
only places for preparatory work.
They do so because their peculiar
organs of digestion require it, they can
get their nourishment in no other way.
Their food is swallowed without being
chewed; the chewing is to come later.
When this unchewed food is swallowed
it passes directly into the first
stomach, to use the common term;
but the drink which the animal takes
goes straight past the entrance of
the first into the second. These two
serve only to soak and soften the coarse
food. When the first has done what it
can the food passes out of it into the
second, and then the COW or sheep is
ready to ''chew the cud." The second
stomach, while busily at work in soaking
the food, keeps it in motion, and grad
ually rolls it up into masses, so that inv
the small upper part there is formed an
oblong solid lump Of the size that we
recognize as the "cud" This the ami
NAL throws up into the mouth. and
chews with evidently as much satisfac-
ton as the same act of masticauion gives
us when we put the most delicate NOR
sells between our teeth. When it is suf-
ticiently chewed the mass is swallowed
and its place taken by another which
had been rolled up in the meantime.
But the ''cud' thus masticated does
not return to the second stomach,
from which it had come. 1t passes
smoothly into the third, a place for adj
ditional fabrication, and then into the
fourth, where the true digestion begins
and ends. This is, in brief, the whole
story, and we sea how naturally the
chewing comes in; it is the same as in
our own case, only that it is at differ
ent stage of the foods progress. And
we see also what dosing the cud'
really is. The COW or sheep is suffering
from indigestion; the second stom-
ach'' has failed to roll up the 1.-THE
masses suitable for chewing, and there
is nothing which the poor beast can
bring up. OF course, therefore, the
one thing required is to restore the tone
and power of the stomach; not to bur-
then it with an artificial cud," which
would only increase the difficulty, in
stead of relieving it. Scientific Amer-
ican.