Delaware gazette and state journal., 1884-06-19
rHn JEssup & MOORE MILLS.
Paper Making at Augustine, Rock :
land ana ModeDa.

there been more marked advances in recent
years than in the manufacture OF paper.
Modern printing presses, and society OF
which nearly all are large readers, as well OF
tastily printed books periodicals as of the
daily papers, have increased the demand
many fold within the present generation. 1t
would have been impossible to meet this
greatly enlarged call for paper if it were all
manufactured or rags, as was the case few
years ago, aud to use the cotton flax &c, in
their raw state would have made the product
very expensive therefore, in this country,
wood has been largely used, either in connec-
ton with rags or alone for the cheaper
grades, and in England the Spanish esparto
grass has, since 1856, furnished very large
| proportion of all the paper stock. Materials OF
| which paper can be made are found in nearly
| all vegetable life, but the cellulose is in many
| cases 30 intimately associated with coloring
| and other matters as to require the ute of
expensive chemicals while rags, having been
originally purified during the manufacture of
the cotton and flax, yield large percentage
of fiber with comparatively little cost for
chemicals. They give very pure white with
exceedingly strong fiber, and are used alone
for only the finest qualities Of paper,
although pulp from inferior fbers is often
mixed Herewith in making medium grades OF
paper. or the wood used in paper making
| poplar is most esteemed, as it gives very
/ white fiber pine gives long and strong
| fiber, but the wood has so much resinous that
| ii requires stronger chemicals and more work
to fit 1T for the paper machine. The manu-
| facture Of paper pulp from wood is prin-
cipally confined to the United States and
| Sweden, though wood pulp il somewhat used
by English and European paper .manufac
| turers.
| In practical paper making the asserting and
| dusting OF the rags il the first step. They
come Ill great variety, differing according to
| Uat and Il nd
| INTO many classes and grades, this market re-
| ceiVlng many from the Baltic and Mediter-
ranean ports. When stored in large quanti-
| lies great care should be taken that they
| are perfectly dry, many fires having occurred
| from the heat developed by the slow decom-
position OF rags stored i'll a damp condition.
| The sorting Of the rags is necessarily done
| by hand but cutting them up into pieces
| about two l'y i've inches or less is now done
| principally by machine. Both before and
after the sorting they are passed through
| thrashers or busters, which beat the rags and
| drive the dust through wire gauze partitions.
| The boiling, which comes next, may be
| done in various kinds of vessels but u hori-
zontal cylindrical boiler, which revolves, gives
a more perfect circulation Of the liquor and
| il generally preferred. The chemical used s
lime, carbonate OF sada, caustic soda, or
| mixture of the two former, which is equiva-
lent to the latter. The quantities used, as
| we'll as the pressure and time of boiling, vary
| with the quality OF rags, and afterwards the
rags must be thoroughly washed, which is
| effected by running on water and with more
| or less pressure of steam. The breaking and
washing usually require from two to four
hours, and the machinery therefor is repre-
sented at the right in two Of our first page
| views.
The bleaching may be effected with liquor
made by dissolving bleaching powder in
water, although bleaching with gas and sour
4 A.ati I,,,A
ever the method adopted, any excess OF
| bleaching agent must be got rid Of.
| The sizing is effected by the precipitation
and intimate mixture with the pulp OF sub
stance which will, when dry, to some extent
| fill up the interstices between the fibers OF
the paper, and which will not readily take up
water. Common resin and alumina, with
carbonate OF soda, through the medium of a
| resin soap, make a mixture which may be
thoroughly incorporated with the fiber, and
it is hero that small quantity of china clay
is added, for some qualities Of paper, to close up
the pores and enable it to take good surface,
such addition, to the amount OF per cent,
not being considered detrimental, while more
| that would weaken the fiber.
The Fourdrinier paper machine of which
several may be seen in the large view near
the middle OF the page, forms in itself one Of
the best representations Of the high attain
ment reached by modern mechanical skill.
improvements have been steadily made in it
| through many years, for the better working
of different kinds of pulp, and the making of
greater variety of product but the original
! features OF Its construction hRYe been
maintained. The pulp ID fed to it over sand
tables and strainers, to remove Jumps and
| imperfections and separate the tibers, then to
| an endless cloth OF very fine wire carried by
large number of small rolls, the wire cloth
also having shaking motion from side to
side to weave and inteItwine the hbres; thence
l fR nft old +-n, 1f,,.r
rolls, and between press rolls till the water
| is so taken out and the fiber knit together
that it can bepassed over drying cylinders and
between heated and polished rolls for
surfacing and calendering. There are of
course, many different notifications of
machines, the details being variously contrived
for the best results in different kinds of work,
but these are the essential features in all of
them.
The calendering Machines view of which
| is given at the bottom of the page, are for
| the purpose OF giving a hard finish, the paper
being here passed around steam heated cylin-
ders and rolls, where powerful pressure can
| be applied
The Jessup & Moore Paper Company, whose
establishments furnish the subjects of our
illustrations, have four paper mills, the
| Augustine the Rockland, the Delaware. and
the Chester, the two former being on the
| Brandywine, near Wilmington, Delaware, the
Delaware mill on the Christiana river, and
the Chester mill near Coatesyille, Pa. In
selecting site for a paper mill, it is abso
lutely requisite to obtain one which shall
have an abundant supply of pure water, not
| only as matter of economy il working, but
tine paper cannot at all with the water found
III many localities. In respect to this prime
essential, these mills have exceptionally ad
| vantageous locations.
The Augustine mill was the first built and
run by the firm, but il has been successfully
I al mot of
original structure, and it stands to day one of
the most costly and complete paper mills in
the world FOR the manufacture of fine grades
OF book paper. 1t has Jonval turbines for a
water power equal to 300 horses besides a 20
inch, Il 3b inch, and two l5 inch cylinder
leather belt ever then sent from New York
WAS furnished for this mill about 1--WE years
ago. The engine room forms striking
feature of the establishment. The eutire mill
is OF stone and iron, tireproof, and lighted by
electricity, and all the machinery Is of the
latest and most improved description, the
engines for the preparation OF the stock being
of iron, and there being at work here two 90
and one rs inch Fourdrinier machines Many
of the most artistic publications in the
country are printed upon paper made at this
mill, and 1t has for years furnished the paper
for the Scientific american. The capacity Of
the mill is 3U,uO0 pounds day.
| The Rockland mill, built in 1860, was de-
signed for the manufacture OF newspaper,
and was among the first to utilize the process
of making printing paper from chemically
prepared straw pulp. Reconstructed, after a
fire in 1864, of stone and iron lts capacity
was greatly enlarged, the straw process abar-
doned modern machinery introduced, and
good grades of paper for book work and
weekly newspapers have since been made.
Besides the water power furnished by Jonval
turbines there are employed here two 20 inch
and l6 inch cylinder COrliss engine and
one 2S inch cylinder Babcock engine. Three
Fourdrinier machines are used one "A inches
and two Sc inches wide, and the product is
26,C0O pounds of paper day.
The Delaware mil has a production of
$4,000 pounds day, and the Chester mill
5000 pounds daily, and both are completely
equipped with the best modern appliances.
The firm of Jessup Il Moore was organized
in 1913, by Augustus L, Jessup Of Westfeld.
Mass, and Bloomfield IL. Moore of Philadel-
phia, and the corporation of the Jessup 4
Moore Paper Company was organized Decem-
| ber lst 1878, its officers consisting of 9. i.
| Moore, President ID. W. Evans OF New York
City, Vice President F. w Mcdowell, Sacre-
tary; aud j. Il. Moore Of New York, Treasurer
under whose management the business is
still conducted. The business offices OF the
house are in the Bennett Building, New York,
and % South Sixth street, Philadelphia.
The history of this house has been in a
marked degree typical of the progress OF
paper making for the past half century 1t
has kept fully abreast OF the times, and ite
exhibit Of cellulose at the last Paris Exposi-
tion was great surprise to the paper mskers
of Europe, showing, as it did, that American
paper manufacturers were decidedly in ad.
vance of their European competitors in the
! - ~ Al