The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-11-19
Dalraiialr Gazette.
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 10 1884
Migration of Eu-opsAn Populations.

Mierations Of European Populations.
The rnigrations of European populations
" ere never before so general. 50 extensive and
SO complex as they are at the present moment.
Railways have cbeapcned travel and almost
oblitoraied frontiers, and movements that in
any former age would have occupied years,
are now accomplished 10 a twelve-Inonth. The
| greatest wanderers are, perhaps Italians, for
/ 10 Italy the struggle for existence is keener
than in any other European land. The Royal
Commission on technical education, which paid
special attention 10 the condition Of the
working classes in the countries which II vis-
tied, found that the working classes Of Italy,
both as touching pay and hours Of labor, were
by far the lowest on the scale. The factory
hands Of Lombardy have to work fourteen and
sixteen hours a day-sometifnes iwenty-four
hours at . sire,ch-foT pitiance that hardly
will keep body and soul together Agricni-
iural laborers are in equally evil case,
aud skilled worilmeu are relatively quite
az badly of. The natural result is an enor-
nous emigration Of Italian artizans and labor
err into neighboring countries. Inspiring every
Alt,iBe pass swarms with them. Its officially
stated that in February and March OF the pres
ent rear the single prefecture Of Undine granted
passports TO 10, 900 Worimen bound for Aus
tina and Germany. Neither Germans, Anstri-
ans nor Swiss can compete with them. They
are letter skilled in their calling and more
s,ber in tbeir habits. and. Though ihey begin
by working for lower pay, many OF them earn,
because they deserve, higher wages than their
native competitors. They excel IN all sorts Of
stone work; and at Zurich, and some other
places, architects are in the habit Of stipulat-
Ing that none bot Italian masons shall be cm-
- 4 IL H. - y
halfway Tbcv are fouud as far North as
Dresden and Berlin. and the Greater part Of the
engineering work in France is done by Italian
navvics.
The Ciermaiis and Austsians and Swiss, dis
placed bv the Italians, push north and west.
Many come 10 England. moro 20 10 the United
States; but nearly all, partly because they
sneak German, partly because Austrians and,
more rarely, Swiss prefer when abroad, to be
considered couutrymen OF Prince Bismarck,
and subjects Of the German Emperor. There
ia a large Austrian immigration via Hamburg;
but when they land at Castle Garden, they are
all Jumped together as 'fDutch, term more
used in the Upited States than our less idiom-
attic German
II ia found in Austria that emigration is
most rife in districts where two races are in
conflict, and that those most prone to migrate
are Of German race. This is especially the
case in Robe,nia and Noravia. WHARF The slav
and Tcutonic elements are struggling for su-
premacy; in the north of Hungary, where Ger
mans have the upper hand, and in Ciallicia, |
where the ponulation /, Polish and German.
and The Jewish element is being increased by |
immigration frpm Russia. Peopie cannot travel |
from The middle of Europe to America without |
money: the poyerty-striten do not wander be- |
vond me seas. and those who traverse the /
Atlantic may he moved thereto either by fear |
Of want or a desire TO better themselves There |
ia sonctbins, In fashion ,oo. and /, il s;gni6- /
can't illat the emigration is much greater from
some districts than from others. The district |
Of Wooitz In Norayia il said IN have lost 1
nearly half ne ronpIa,ior, Ia, ar;s,,tinp. and /
tbe Prarne G;1,sgs of knrii "a. stated ,bat in
the region Of Tabor and Kuttenbsrr there pre-
vailed yeritabe emigration fever Hardly a
day nassed that pntire families from rI,oso narts
were NOT seen AZ The Pra~pe raiIvav sta,jon,
en- route for North or seutl, America The
Austrian Government. greatly concerned al
Inc loss Of so many no,entiaI soldiers and .c-
tuol tay-navers- does an in lie ro,yer to cbcck
the outflow of population. Nobody. probably
will watch ihe eTperimeDt with greater interest
Than P,ince R;sm,rcL for bn ;nsriros n Lo
does NOT actpsIIy direc, Tho fors;c, ,,ol;c,. N
the Austro- HUNGARIAN Emnire. and t6c eIten-
sion Of Austrian influence eastward Il in strict
accord with his IDEAS and tbe interests Of Inc
country whose dest;nv he controls Az for
the CHANCELLOR supposed ambition 10 found
new colonies under the mris Of tic German
fac II sbould not he forrotten tbat colonies
Ike Canada or Australia arc b.rdl,r counat
ible with the military svstom which be AZ
strenuouslv maintains -Fyerv abIc- boJisd
male German ia either actually mr. notentiaIIv
n soldier. and vonnr mon ~ r,;i;,arr 90 o.
approaebipr military o O., as also mon SSI
ing 10 the reserve. who leave tbe country are
regarded "a deserters and II thav retrrn are
unfinished ne descrtors IL ,,ronort, l. co,,;rS,
10 them IL ia onnfscsted and in ,oroo coscs
parents arc made 10 sufier for their ciiIdreD's
detection. Thousands Of those who emirrate
do go 10 avoid military service and emirra-
~ ~ e'S'0 i"i'Aig oSaficS, ehu SinABLa-