Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1884-01-16

ruptcy, necessitating q sub-treasury
law to supply the place Of the suspend
ed State banks, bankrupt Jaw to re
lieve individuals, and new tariff
(Is42) to relieve the country. General
Cameron is, therefore, right in the fact
that the doctrine of protection to Amer
lean industr, was repudiated and the
system itself broken down by the Dem.
ocratic party.
So far, we see, two fundamental
measures for the protection of Ameri-
can interests We're broken down before
the spring of 1888. But that was only
one part of the policy of Jackson :
administration which led to the birth
of the Wbig party. Georgia had pass
ed laws to take jurisdiction over the
Indian Territory (chiefy the Cherokee
within her boundaries, to survey the
lands, and to punish acts therein con-
fcting with this jurisdiction. These
laws were utterly in conflict with
several solemn treaties of the United
| States with the Cherokees Under
one of these laws Samuel A Worcester,
| q citizen Of Vermont, and a missionary
under the permission of the United
States, was indicted, convicted and
sentenced to the penitentiary for four
years. The case was taken up to the
Supreme Court of the United States
where it was decided that the sentence
was, under color of law, void, as being
repugnant to the Constitution and
| af = ha ka
sentence was reversed. Opinion by
Ch. j. Marshall; 6 Peters Rep. SIS.
Notwithstanding the unqualified right
of the Cherokees to their lands as guar
anteed to them by treaties, President
Jackson not only refused his protection
to them, and determined on their re-
moval to territory beyond the Missis-
sippi, but declined to be bound by the
decision of the court, saying that, as q
coordinate branch of the Government,
he would construe the Constitution for
himself The Cherokees persisted in
their rights, and the Presidents de-
termination to remove them is seen in
every annual message until 1885. 1t
ended, when might overturns right.
They finally had to remove.
Another doctrine of Jackson was
that he was responsible for the entire
action of the Executive Department"
and, therefore, had the power to relieve
and appoint all officers at PLEASURE
doctrine which, at later day, during
the administration of Andrew Jackson.
Congress was compelled to legislate
against. Irresponsible p said Mr.
Webster, replying to Jackson's protest.
What does he mean by being respon-
sible? Does he mean legal response
bility? Certainly not-no such thing
Legal responsibility signifies liability
to punishment for misconduct or NAL
administration. A Briareus sits in the
centre of our system, and with his
hundred hands touches everything,
moves everything, controls every thing.
ask, sir, is this Repubicanism is
this government flaws? is this legal
responsibility 2"
Omitting number of other matters
in which Jackson kept still extending
his own authority and advancing to-
ward autocratic will, we come to the
crowning act OF his administration,
which entitled the opponents of arbi-
trary power to the name Wings, as
representing a party refusing to bow to.
royal prerogative and as defending the
Constitution against new and unauthor-
izel Interpretation in favor of executive
claims of power. Not satisfied with
the rightful exercise of the veto power
against the re-charter of the Bank of
the United States, General Jackson,
without provision of Congress for the
rightful deposit and keeping of the pub
lie money, and without q pretense of
legal authority, except his claims to
remove public officer at will, dis
missed William j. Duane, secretary of
Treasury, to whom alone the power
was confined by the charter of the bank,
because he would not remove the pub
lie deposits from the bank, and appoint
ed Roger b Tauey as secretary, who
obeyed his command. The money of
the United States went into the vaults
of State banks, upon individual bond
security, without q shadow of law to
authorize either the deposit or the
bond. Well did Senator Ewing, of
Ohio, in January, 1884, say: "Sir,
the public money in the local banks is
not deposit for safe Keeping it is
lent to them, without interest !" Well
did he also say: "The purse of the
nation is thus seized in the hand of the
the Executive, and is subject to his
WILL" and well did he refer to the union
Of the sword and the purse, as describ-
ed by Patrick Henry in regard to the
King of England.
Such were the causes which led to
the birth of the Whig party in 1882
'33, and the great principles of liberty
and constitutional government which
it espoused in opposition to the arbi-
trary will of the Executive. The party
took its name from the time-honored
designation of their forefathers in the
Revolutionary war, who had adopted
it from the lovers Of liberty who had
defended their rights against royal pre-
rogatIve in England.
In regard TO the rise of parties, Mr..
Cameron seems 10 intimate that the
National Republican" began before
the election Of 1928. If this be his
meaning, he is mistaken. In that
election parties were known only as
Adams and Jackson men. The Nation
al Republicans arose afterwards and
supported Mr.. Clay in 1882; the name
Wing being suggested in that year, but
not fully adopted until 1888. The
present Democratic party began to take
its name in 1881, and became fully
recognized in 1892 -33. have before
me papers of both the National Repub
Ecan and Jackson norties in 1871