The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1884-08-28

tered during a teffluc bnO"btOfin, seventy
miles an hour. Lockwood.s trips 10 the
north in 1882 and 1883 were productive OF
most valuable results. Standing on May
10Th in each year, where DIR. Hayes had for
merly stood. at about the same time of day,
Lockwood. from an elevation of 1000 feet,
using his strongest glass on Halls Basin
and Robeson's Channels, could discern
nothing but ice-packs. Here IL was that
DIR. HAYES claimed Ia have seen his open
polar sea on the trip of 1852. Lockwood
reached the highest latitude ever attained
SO deg. % min. north. This was about 900
miles directly north of Lady Franklin Bay,
but to get there he travelled over thou
sand miles of open water and bro
ken packs, frequently causing him to
retrace his steps fifty miles. Lock-
wood sounded the sea both years between
Cape Bryant and Cape Britannia, but
could not touch bottom with n hundred
and thirty five fathom line. Markham, q
few years before, about 100 miles west, got
bottom at seventy-two fathoms. Lockwood
found at his farthest north about the same
vegetation as at Lady Franklin Bay, but no
signs of polar current or open polar sea!
In 1888 he was stopped near Cape Bryant,
125 miles from Lady franklin Bay, by an
open channel extending west to the coast
of Grinnell Land. The width of this
five miles, but on the north the
ice packs extended as far as could
be seen with glass. With his supply of
provisions, the failure of which had caused
his return the year before, Lockwood was
confident he could have reached 80 deg.
north if this open channel had not barred
his way. No fossil remains were discov-
cred on the trip, and the only ones found
were the trunks of trees on the southwest
coast Of Grinnell land. The only sea ami
mails seen by Lockwood at SO deg. % min.
were walrus ana seals, and, strange to say,
the walrus is not to be found at Lady
Franklin Bay. At SO deg. 20 min. the de-
Election of the magnetic needle was 104
deg west, more than ne-fOurth of circle
As far as Lockwood went the northwest
ern trend of the Greenland coast continued.
The maps of the new regions he discovered
are in the possession of Lieut.. Greedy, and
are very carefully made. All through two
years at Lady Franklin Bay the magnetic
needle was never quiet. except during
storms. In February, 1888, preparations
for the retreat were made by establishing a
depot at Cape Baird, twelve miles to the
south. Day after day anxious men looked
off over Lady franklin Bay, expecting the
ice TO open so that they might commence
their journey toward home. At last, Aug.
r19, 1888, the welcome news that the ice was
open was brought. All had been made
ready, and that very day the party
embarked in the little steam launch.
Behind them they left their dogs,
as they could not be taken. Four
barrels of pork and some seal oil were left
for the animals. Lady Franklin Bay was
crossed to Cape Baird, a distance of thir-
teen miles, and then the western coast of
Grinnell Land was followed south as far as
Cape Hawkes.. Large quantities of heavy
ice were met, and there was extreme dam
ger every moment that the little launch
would be crushed. Several times all the
boats were nearly lost. The suffering of
the men was great. They were now within
fifty miles of Cape Sabine. Striking from
Cape Hawkes. for Bates's Island. the party
was caught in an ice-pack and frozen in,
ten miles south of Cape Hawkes.. In thirteen
days they drifted south twenty five miles
on foes, suffering horribly from cold. So
they drifted to within eleven miles of Cape
Sabine, and were obliged to abandon the
steam launch on Sept. 10.
The pack now remained motionless for
three days, and several times the party got
within two or three miles of Cape Sabine,
only TO be drifted back by southwest gales.
Five seals We're killed and eaten while the
party were drifting about. Eventually a
heavy northwest gale drove then by Cape
Sabine within mile of Brevoort island,
but they could not land On Sept. % there
arose the most terrific gale they had vet
seen on the Arctic ocean. Their ice-hoe.
was driven hither and thither by the tenn
pest and the waves washed over them again
and again the spray freezing TO them and
causing them intense suffering. The night
came ON. one of inky blackness; the wind
threw heavy foes together, and crash after
brash of the ice breaking from their own.
foe warned the men that death was near to
them. No one knew at what moment the
foe might break up and the water engulf-
7 them. The first faint light of dawn showed
that very little remained of the foe on
which they were: the sea washed another
close to them. Close it came, and ut last,
at the word, the men succeeded in getting
upon it,
The storm slowly subsidized, and they
gained land at Esquimaux point, near Bairds.
inlet, Sept. 20. Here winter quarters were
built and scouts were sent to Cape Isabella
and Cape Sabine. In a few days they re-
turned, and their reports sent thrill of
horror to every heart At Cape Isabella and
Cape Sabine were found only / 500 rations,
aud from Garlingtons records they learned
| TIE fate of the Porteus. Every one knew
death must come to nearly all of the party
| long before the ship of rescue could force
made to sustain the spirits of the men by
lectures and light reading Oct. 10 the
party removed to Cape Sabine. Jan. Is
Cress died of scurvy. In April the rations
issued daily had dwindled to four ounces of
meat and six ounces of bread. Man after
man died, and all hope had fed on the day
that the blast of the whistle raised the sur
vivors from the lethargy of approaching
| death.
Lieut.. Greedy, when asked as to his ideas
upon the probable results of arctic explo-
| nations, said: II do not think the North
Pole can be reached unless every circum-
stance hitherto found to be unfavorable
should prove favorable TO the party at
tempting to reach the pole. If it is to be
done at all, it will be done by way of Franz
Josef Land. 1t could never be reached by
the Jeanette route. That there is an open
polar sea / am well nigh certain. This is
proved by the ice drifting out of Mussel
Bay and Spitzbergen in midwinter, and by
the northern drift of the polar pack ex-
perienced by Pavy and Lockwood in 80
deg. min. Men can stand two winters
very well at Lady Franklin Bay, but their
physical strength rapidly deteriomtes If
we had had every supply and the necessary