davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15

time when the valleys of Arizona were | very much deeper and the mountains | very much higher than they now are. ! When tins was, geology cannot tell, as 1 that science never can give cL-onologi- cal data, but IL is sufficient to know that
 We can plainly read this much upcn the open page of nature thus spread be- fore us. Through the valley of the Sacred Cross in the prehistoric age flowed majestic river. On its banks
 were mighty forests. The table
 lands were fertile in luxurian, growths
 of green. The prehistoric races titled
 the soil, cities thrived and commerce
 prospered. Through some change,
 whether gradual or rapid Nature does
 not delgn to, indeed she can no tell and
 It Is lmmaterial anyway, the tcps of the
 mighty mountains were leveled and the
 depths of the valleys filled. Though the
 loosely packed top-soil of the valleys the same river continues the same course 1t
 pursued for centuries. when the sunlight
 glanced on all its waters.
 We know the river drains q much larger area of country, some two thous- and square miles, than its current indl- cates. Then. too. 1t is fed by cieuegas all along its course. Yet, below Tucson its waters are seen no more. Some curious phenomena are worthy of notice in this connection. When the Santa Cruz is filled, the l0wlands to the south of Flor euce, some sixty odd miles north of Tucson, ard the flats between Casa Graude and the Gila aFe wet. : Jme ave- that in seasons Of very high water that there has been a continuous connection l between the Santa Cruz and ae Gila. | and the direction oi this rent IS | marked en- the mars Rs eth S .ilsed ] underground current 1i the Santa Cruz" At Casa Grande m January 1881, a | child fell into a well, and before 1t could | be recovered was carried out of sight by | an underground current. This well is on llDe with the Santa Cruz river.
 The vast scope of territory drained, the loose character of the soil through which 1t passes, the vast volumes of water 1t absorbs towards its head, and hat Is fed it by the c'enegas, the phe- lumeua of the low lands of Florence, and the underground currents of Casa irande are mdenIable evidence that
 he largest portion of tine Santa Cruz liver finds it's way under ground io the sea. h the ages past, before the valleys were filled ana the mountains leyeed, it lowed over its bed of hard pan n the pen sunlight to the Gila. Now 1t seeps nroughthe made soil
 The Santa Ana river, in Los Angeles 'OInty. Gal, is similar to the SantaCruZ concrete dam down to the bedrock | ayes all the seepagc water. and pro -ites more than enough for irrigaung purposes
 The project of similar dam across
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15

| During the boyhood of Washington the workings of the Baboquivari and Sar | Pedro gold mines were commenced. The Baboquivari mines were closed m ls2C by au Apache war, after R successful run of seventy-two years, during which time they attained @ depth of three hundred feet
 A decree of Philip V. king of Spain. dated at Anguez, May 2S, TAI, says tl al "a mass of pure silver, which weighed ! lO5 arrobas l2,700 pounds). and another of II afrobas t275 pounds), ought to have been sent io Madrid by the discov- l erers of Arizona"
 History mentions that "a sheet Of yir- | gln silver weighing l49 arrobas (3.-75 | pOundsl was taken from the Plancha de | Plata, mine, ln ArIZona. at the close of | the 18th century"
 In 1895 the Apaches compelled the l abandonment of Tubac, at which time ] the records state there were one hund red and fifty silver mmes being proftaoly worked within a radius of sixteen mlies.
 In l175 the Spanish records show that two hundred silver mines were beng worked for a consideration Tn the neigh borhood of Calabasas.
  Lower California last summer, says that as early as l77t orss were shipped from the vicinity 0s Quijotoa and hio Co Muieie for reduction.
 In 1774 Manuel Lopez worked the Qmlot1a placers, some of which now g1 .S,00O to the ton iu gold.
 In 1877 a great mining excitement broke out in the Santa RItas, and D. a searched for old mIles, which toe ,Jesaits col worked, and at that early date baa been forgotten.
 As late as 1857 Ajo ore vas shipped via Yuma Go Swansea at e big profit.
 The Mowry mine in the Patagonia l mountains, which had been opened in tue | j0s, was the first American mining ven tuTe in Arizona. Then came tle Gila | placers. the Yayapai and Pinal mines and Tombstone, and last but not least, | Quijotoa.
 There is no foot of Ariz ua that has | not been Prospected. The Mexican | prospector looks only for petanque. l. ne cannot see the gray carb0natss 1r the native metal he goes on. The unssien- tItic prospector IS likewise satisfied onl. with horn silver or the richest of TocA. TIE prOspector. who combines the theO- ry of the books with his persona. ez- perience, Is the enc who will yet find val uable mines where the ground has been searched a thousand times by the lg norant.
 The Quiiotoa mines are striking ex- ample as to the manner in which mine are discovered where scores of prospect ors have been before. Two years az the GuDsisEt ,ZeItcmtrt "a ut ls
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15

outdo Cortez, and ordered Vasquez ol ! C0ronad0 10 visit Ciboln. NasqueZ
 with ll,UO men, mostly Indians, lei,
 Culiacan, April -, l5i0, and arrived ai | CIbOla, June 9th. He travelled down the valley of the Santa Cruz. On the pres- | ent site of Tucson was Gn Indian will cc.
 Its inhabitants burned the sacred fire, ! which MonteZuma had kindled and c-- | dered to be kept alive until his reIu B..
 Then as now the Indians called tlsllsco
 Tdcson, although no one can pronounce
 It ID the Indian fashion, SO guitCraI E.
 their language. IL stars in wltha hait
 choked off chuck, as s;ook-son i;mears
 black hIil and has direct reference to
 Picket Post butte.
 In l560 the first European settlement
 was made at Tucson. This makes Tue
 son the second oldest city in the United
 States, Santa Fe being established in
 1850, ten years earlier. and St. Augutiue
 in l56j, five years lster. Tucsoa was then Spanish trading post for barter with the Indians, and a point of supplies for the prOspectOrs, who were then thor oughly searching every Iavine and mountain for the precious metals. Veg etable gardens were cultivated, a1d gram was rals |, An adobe wall WAS built around the town. for protection against Apaches. Its stone foundations may now be seen along tine center of Church street from Washington to Pen nIlgton. lttheu ran Co Man. and along Main tO Washington, and back to the 1 place of beginning. To this wall Iuc son owes the fact that ot all the towns ] on the Spanish frontier sue alone was | never subducd by the Ap5ches. Inc Indians brought m rich pieces ot AJa- and specimens of native silver and god. ! which they traued for beads md saif5 of brightly cUlored cloth.
 Through troubles arising in trade and intercourse with the Indians the SpanIards were fOrceI to establish go post here, which they did iu ljI5. It was four years later when Sir Francis Drake wiu;ared at Jack Harii1r near San Francisco.
 Tucson. at this period, Was visited by Rev. Father Antonio Ruyz, in IjSl, and Antonio of EspeiO, i'll 1882 kuyz yis ted Cibola. AntCnlO explored the san Francesca mountains and the valleys of Inc Salt, Verde and Little Colorado, and .islted Zani.
 h Ij9 Tucson was attached to tse larIsh of Rev. Father Martin PcleZ. Of oinalOa, whose headquarters were at Cu- IHcan.
 When We consider that the first En- ,lish colony Iu America was establish u at Jamestown m lGJ1, and that it vas lot till l62O that the Pilgrims landed up . 'n Plymouth Rock, We get true con eption of the idea that thIs pueblo in- Iced deserves tine title of ancient.
 In l63O Tucson was yls!ted by @ fe- {
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
1lll
The santa Cruz Water Comnanr:

This company supplies the city Of Tucson with pure water for all purposes.
 be headquarters are in AtchI-Cn. Kan, R. l.. Pease ls president ani r. p. Lot lon, secretary. In Tucson, J. 1L. Watts
 8 manager and E. N LeaiherWoCd, sU- perintendent.
 At present there are 26S consumers.
 This includes both public and prv Co customers, great and small Water was
 introduced into Tucson September Ij, ls>2. The entire cost to date of organi- ration. piping, repairs, etc, IS Sl0AUo.
 The water IS brought from G-sy's springs. six miles south of Tucson, ia the bottom If the Santa Cruz river. From the spring it IS conveyed 2,lJO feet uu- dergrOund ID wooden boxes tzt-s feet.
 st depth ten to twelve feet, Go tls "fOrbay." From this point r- goes | through the 1l-inch main SIX miles Go ] Tucson. and thence k distributed over ths citv by four. six and eigit-i-ch p-pes.
 The company has. laid down, SIX miles ,r aIsvsn-inch pipe, three miles ot four- ;,,.t, nine. one mile of six-inch pipe. and ---'-- - ,i-,1rt-r of a mile cf eigh--iuch plpe. --.l f,U from the -fOrbsy to Tucson t.s.s+ in a distance of SIX miles. and
 -.f,r,is a strong pressure
 -T5s-s are now fOrty-three hycraIts on The streets.
 The company's office ls in the old cor
 Ios guIly js Ochoa, on the cc-ner os O-boa street and Stone Avenue.
 Inc company supplies the city with 5000 gallons of water per day, and has ,spaeitv for a supply Oi 100000 gallons iaily, sufficient fora population Of Ao,- 00 New mains are being laid on Con -ent and Meyer streets
 The affairs of the company are m cry prosperous condition.
 Tn Q conversation with CITIZEN rg- orter, the superintendent, R- \. Lsath- wood, who IS an ex-mayor Of IGcsOn, as asked in relation 10 the Santa Cruz yer. what he thought in regard 0 it's ldergrOund current. @A perfect river,' ss bis reply. ~Is the proposition of & buerged concrete dam down Co bed ek to save its seepsge. feasIblec- @Fer- ,tlv SO. and it would irrigate all the ,d 10 the south and east of Tucson
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
THE CITY OF TtCSON.

Pefore We turn to the tctuaI resources of Pima county and spAk particularly of its mines and farms let us take a glance at the city of Tason itself. the ancient and honorable Reblo.
 ITS HIsToH-.
 Within half centurylfter Columbus had discovered the isla1 of San SRlva- dor. ST. Don Cabeza ds faca (Mr. Cows headD crossed the AIiei continent from Florida, aud. pasfry down through Arizona to Mexico. tol ff the marvellous land and the seven cils of Ciools' he had seen. Cortez wa hen exploring Lower California MnoZa, the yiceroy of Mexico, and Cortez Wal, resolved to
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15

height. and every foot of territory ior many miles around was prosIe,tei. Al the base of Mount Qujotoa itself Messrs. Mckay. Weldon. Eoark and o-heTs work cd with more or less sucOur sgeuent for three wears. The ore of the Cr0cker w8- rirht above them They saw i- every day. yet did not recognize its valuable character. Artr Mckay,tha discoverer, had climbed 1t rocky heights all could see the great ledge above them.
 There are other ranges to the west ol Ouiiotna awaiting examination. Good finds are reported in the Mohawk aon other mountains. and no doubt as great ss fine Ouiiotoas will yet be made.
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15

of the town walls that year. He say.
 that the houses In the town were al
 built ur tO fEe vaii leaving plaza In tht centre. The A1acLes had oftened mcr . dared thcIr Vis-L Ls right u. the town . Eates. which were closed every night.
 ll l-t2 the confederate flag was hoist
 ed here A state government was organ
 --cl, with a full corps of officials The
 lag aoated only a few hours, and year
 alter the federal troops from California ! took possession oi the town. tu lej3 Iubac WAS af0rmidabie rival February. iSj>. the Weekly ArIz0niau. ! Lu C-0-s, editor, at Iabac and iu 1883 tta. place Ecl },IHJ inhabitants. With the failure Of @ big eastern inning syndicate, whose interests were c5ntered there. Iu1IC gradually declined, and Tucson iucreussi
 Tn 1858 the fret stage coach run out of Tucson, and March To- lSSO. the
 S0nthern Pacific railroad was completed to Tucson, and the Pope notified thereof.
 In 1871 the first public school house was built. That date also marks the in- corprratoa ot the village of Tucson. :. F. DeLoBg was mayor; Samuel Hughes. w. W. Williams and W. S. Oury were councilmen. II $. Stevens Was treasurer and ". J. Osborn, record | CT.
 In loI inquiry Vss made by the c0un- rL concerning congressional donation u lNii of land for town site, and it | was discovered that although such a de- | nation had been made. .t had laps-j, be- ! c-use Tucson bad laiied Co nake 1t 1 
 Tn 1872 the sum of Sl,CJ0wa~ paid the government for [. $. patent To two sec uons of land for the town si-a of Tue 1--. and an AIlust, 1881, tlo ulla go au- ito-llc- commenced ,o issue deeds to 1 purchasers o- lots, and io donate land for cIol- and chu-ci purposes.
 \ new charter for incorporating as a eltE was drawn, and granted by the and. Ui-I The council meet ing oi February ., 1877, Tucson ceased To he a village, and thereafter assuctd .h7 dignity and Ig possibilities of city.
 Alter .lt close of the War Tucson l built up a largo commerce, principally l with Sonora, which led Go the foun5a- hon of some mercantile houses, which would be the prda O. any city.
 The sgcce sIve mayors of Tucson have farr.
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
MINES
CHLORIDE CAMP.

Th.s cump is situated near Covered Wells. $. c. Williams. writing to Judge G ". Baker, of this city under date ct 2ith instant. says; Our mine here hes improved beyond my exp, ctations- We ore down thirty feet, and have twenty inch vein in the bottom filled with chloride, horn silver, black sulphates, and malleable silver, near.y pure. With ont auy exception it IS tine finest vein of silver ore I ever saw. ] think the orc 1n .he dump will net us 5000. The maiieable sIlver Is scattered through the rock SO that 1t is impossible to make any approximate guess on the ore. The buuarza folks were up to look at 1t, and took an average piece of the high grade and it assayed S6,00O. A piece l sent t1 NIT. Ayres went 11,00l"
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
NOIS.

Brittle Silver. thence on through the Discovery. The Silver Glance is now
 being worked, and with present iudica- tious the mine will doubtless prove to
 be one of the very best m all the Ouiio-
 toas. It joins the Brittle Silver.
 THE DURA MINE.
 This mine Is the property Of Sanhago | AiDsa. Esq. Of Tucson, and is located on | the west side of the Sierritas. about thiIty-hve miles southwest of Tucson. There are four shafts, one of which is down 2S feet. Assays average SI2O sil- yer and 20 per cent. copper. This mine adloius the famous PrOyidencia. The ore is a copoer-silver glance, and there k abundance in sight, only waiting the patronage of an ore market or custom smelter.
 DISCOVERY MINE
 The Discovery mine IS also owned by Dr. $. F. Gladwin and R. ?. Elh0tE IL joins the Brittle Silver. The ledge is not as prominent on the Discovery gs on the Silver Glance, but it IS no doubt covered up as 1t lays on lower ground similar to the Brittle Silver which has not much surface indications, but it is turning out wonderfully rich ore. The developments already made on that valuable property is very conclusive that the true Assure vein of the Silver Glance passess through the Brittle Silver on into and through the Dis 'Jvery. It is predicted by good judges hat the Discovery will also prove to be ,u excellent mine on account of it's be- ng located m the direcs course of this emarkable veIn. This mine is four niles north ot Logan.
 McKAY's MINES
 Alexander Mckay, the Giscovsrer of he bonanza mines at the Quijotoas, has wO good mlnes on the Lo.thogn siopc of he Santa Cataliuas, which he has just Iad surveyed for a patent. They are slied the Christmas and New Years. ilxty and twenty-fOOt shafts have been uuk. The ore is free milling Average ssays go S3O to si0 gold, and have gone S high as S6O0. They are near Oracle, 'hlch IS Tn easy stage communication nth Tucson.
 THE QUIJOTOA MINE.
 This property belongs to Henry B. iurray. of Casa Grande. and Charles l. Horne, of Tucson. It Is located on he peak of the bonanza hill, and from ll5 peak the QuijotOa mountains take lsir name. The claim is on the same .dgs as the Locomotive, Peer, Peerless nd CrOcker. Down the side of the lst bluff of the QuijotOa peak the onSuza vein may be seen for upwards nine hundred feet. The largest as TVS on the QuijotOa claim go S70O, and ill average S250 to S30O. The ore IS 'ee milling, and has horn silver all trough. Tbe ore consists mostly of liver carbonates. As this clam adiOins ie Crocker 1t will probably be pur- based by the bonanza company.
 AvALUABLE GROUP. Three .llies north of the Peer uine, n inc west side of the On iot 8 noun lln-, ,s a group of mines recently Ioc8t- ] by Geo. T. Martin, l.. F. ROweiI. Alex. J. B. Hume and J. F. Walker. he ore is free milling and assays SlCO } gold and silver. Tho claims are uowH as the Emma, Lulu, Smith and histle.
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
ARIZONA.

! II ARIZONA. z .c-sp Description @ o. the Sun Kissed e Land ' ,,..,a Where She k Sit mated aal Her Ad- yau,ageS.
 ,rrg-,. smsTORY OF THE A aL7 PUEBLO.
 sms County Adapted to A--lsulclrsand Stock
 Grazing
 t,s onsg 5s Tuo.an, Pima
 County and Arizona. 1dLYEa AND GOLD HINES. n Interesting Chapter
 Abou. 5heir History.
 ac-~ and Fmcies Inter
 e~t.rg to Read and
 WeILrO Know.
 The Country to Come to for
 Silver and Gold. UTHE GsElTEST GRAZING COUY-
 Tgg 0y THE CONTINENT. n 5g 3liats 8aiay Atmosphere ui 8su Climate Go.t for ln3allds, | N Enrerpa>ng and Liberal Mer- chants of Tucson, HoW They speak tp ih- 3eOpl. and |
 for a Country FE0T WHICH PEOPLE IN THE STATES ! FORM AN OPINION. \, '!rr-ss..- IalL So People Who Read | Believe.
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
srrrrn ANn noLn.

The Quiiotoa purchase Of mlnes, ana several others of no small amount, nave ,iven mining an unprecedented boom m Arizona- and 1t is very safe to say that the output for 1884 will be at least S'o'- 100000.
 THE PAST AMI FUTURE
 The mines of Arizona have lust com com menced to be developed. The span | ish prospectors of the 10th century found | native silver in the northeastern part ul the territory. The Inlssionarles or the | I7tb and 18th centuries worked the rich metal brought them by their converts.
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
rrr .nNur.r

This is one of the last rich strikes made in the OuliotOas. The Sunrise mine is located about four miles north of the Peer mIne on the west sIte of the QuIOtoas mountains. Assays made from this mine two weeks since go s1, JJj go gold and So34 silver. The ore is free milling Robert Canon and Ben Pyatt are the owners. They also owu the rest of the same group as follows: Beecher. Gaideld, Sunrise and Pearl. They have e force Cf men at work developing the mine. and piling the ore on the dump ready for shipment abroad or to the first custom mill. No mil assays ot this ore hls yet been made, but from the high character of the as says it is confidently expected that mil tests will be very satisfactory.
 THE "SoRTH END"
 Upon 8 survey of the Peer mine in the Quij0t0as, 1t was ascertained that there was surplus ground to the extent Of about 1.lO1 feet wi hin it's north end line. This surplus hal been locatei by Messrs. Ruff, Allen and Lewis, under the name of the "NOr-h End" and deeds | were exchanged between the PeerLqiu ing company and the owners o~Tbe North End. settling boundaries Tbs l claim commencing on the top Of tic ! mountain at the Pee|s north end line l f-s settled) extends down the monntair 10 tbe 7outh line of the Mineral Bed claim. the original north end line Of the Peer and beng d-rec'ly on the Ene of -ba large ore body of the Peer, Is tleI onlv portion of the north end cf t-r mountain not owned by the Bougu- couuaHy. It- owners have refused se' eraI offers, and are holding for ths
 manga developments tO become tsr'Lr advanced. It Is a desirable prOper,'
 SILVER GLANCE MINE
 The Silver Glance mine. owned by 5. F. Gladwin aad R. P. Elliott, is ---~ ated four miles northeast of Ll- | City. It is a very promising D- 2 or what k called croDpinCs, 114 ! P says gave S263.5s silver and S25 h Eo4- per ton, certainly a splendid resnI, lh. ', ledge Is visible the entire length q tbs ,laim. and wherever prOsDecte5 t-s ? 'emsTk ably fine showing. That z, is Q 2 rue Assure vein k quite appa-s.t. snd i' he same one that extends op i-,l the ls
Arizona weekly citizen., 1884-03-15
Anthracite Coal Measures of sonora.


 These immense coal fields. though outside Of this Territory and the United States, by their geographical position and close connection by rail and steamer with this Territory and the Pacific States, are part and parcel ol the re- sources of the Pacific slope. and their development IS of as great importance Co thls part of the country, and perhaps to the whole domain of the Pacific ocean aS was the discovery of gold in Cali, r- uia. A cheap and compact fuel once brought into our markets will multiply tua efforts of manufacture, cheapeu Tail transportation and erabio the rapid and cheap shipping across ths Psg lc ocean to be reduced in every direction
 These extraordinary coal feld meas ures occupy a territory about one hun dred miles square. The nearest mines to tide water are those in san Narei4l, aDoJt - miles east from the Sonora railroad, or 70 miles Co Guaymas There .7..,-seipS cs ---. -.s~-i-t -..as measures I50' feeti IhtredIrte os -rfs appears, nevertheless 10 k @ iGct, and a fact which may upset some ot the tbaO- ries of the origin of coal beds, but =el- rnce has often had tO recon ,ruc. her theories to account for a fact In nature, and will have to do 1t here agaIu.
 These mines are the property nt Mexican company known as tae Com pauia de Terrenos CarbOnIieros en 9o- nora" This company IS uow opening the mInes near San Marcial, on a ledge OF vein six feet wide of anthracite. he coal Is of a bright metallic appearance, looking to Bn inexperienced eye like bur uished steel It's analysis is as fellows; Water and volatile substances. -.. 1905 Ash, red-...---.-.---- --.....--- IutV
 loo.oo Another snalysis gave;
 Water and volatile substance ...- l20 Fixed carbon. n..............-.......-...- o335 Ash, white -,.-....---.- --.---- 7.i5
 10000 Arrangements are being made with the Sonora railroad to run a branch to the mines, and the coal company are opening up the mines tO produce fifty thousand tons per month, under @ con tract with certain partles, who will ship the coal to San Francisco and to this Territory
 The influence this coal will have upon industries of every kind, including min ing, all over the western slope cannot hc estimated. The analyses show tha coal JO contain only two thOusandtLs os one per cent of sulphur, and to have the cd- Dacity of evapOratiug twelve pounds of water to one of coal. These conditions make the coal available for sIa--i-g purposes in mining properties. Iron ores. so abundant over tle country, with this cheap anthracite, may be worked Co adyantage, and greatly reduce tine price Of machinery of every description.