Morning journal and courier., 1884-08-19

transportation as a choice of evils"
 A notable private act, the Earl of Devon's
 Estate bill, was recently introduced in the House of Commons. It empowers Lord De- von and his son, Lord Courtenay, to sell
 every acre of the vast family estate, preserv-
 ing no other house but Powderham, and
 deals with mortgage debts amounting to $1,
 250, ,000 The bill has become a necessity
 through the conduct of Lord Courtenay, who
 few years ago passed through the Bank
 ruptcy Court with debts amounting to $3,-
 500,0O0. The Courtenays, who are of royal
 descent, owned in time past no inconsidera-
 ble portion of Devonshire, besides holding
 one of the largest properties in Ireland.
 Much of their Irish property has been sold.
 The attempt of Pittsburg Pennsylpania)
 firm to make nails from steel is watched with interest. If the experiment is successful the
 trade will be revolutionized, it is claimed,
 for the steel product will require much less
 labor in it's manufacture than the iron. The
 saving will not be in the nail making but in
 the preliminary process. There are now two
 Bessemer plants in the country making steel
 nai1-plates, one at Bellaire, Ohio, and the
 other at Worcester, Massachusetts, and either of these (they each consist of two four-ton
 converters), with 8 small squad of laborers,
 could turn out TOO tons of steel To make the same amount of puddled iron would re-
 quire the labor of from ], ,O00 to 200 skilled iron-workers, and then the product would be inferior to the steel
 The city council of Charleston, South Car
 olina, has, by unanimous vote, approved of the proposal to open marginal railroad along the eastern front of the city and has appointed special committee to confer with property holders on the line of the avenue
 The original committee recommends that the railroad be built by the city, and held for the advancement of it's commercial interests by seven citizens trustees, namely, the mayor, the president of the. chamber of com merce, the president of the cotton exchange, the president of the merchants' exchange and three others. The inadequacy of the wharf accommodations of Charleston was most ap- parent in 1881, when, on the arrival of SIS 000 bales of cotton, vessels had to remain at anchor in the stream for long time wait \ ing for vacant berth. 
 The ''harvest of the sea-" 80 far as it is gathered in Scottish waters, has just been made the subject of an official valuation by the officers of the fishery board, by whom it is estimated as amounting in money to a total sum of e3, ,286, ,242. The larger portion, a little over two millions sterling, is derived from the herring fishery, which has for a long period been the most important fishing industry of the country. The haddock is taken in vast quantities by the Scotch fish ing boats; 543, ,568 cwt. were caught during the last twelve months, the estimated value of the catch being 9340, 693 The Scottish oyster boats, like those in other localities, have largely fallen off in productiveness, only 6 ,456 hundreds of oysters (of 120 each) hay- ing been gathered from the once-productive FFScalps" of Scotland. The total value of the shell fish taken is set down as amounting to 982, ,945.
 London, with it's population of 1, ,000, 900, takes precedence of all other great cities in it's list of periodical publications, which I number nearly 2,000. These have an annual \ circulation of about 1,017, ,O0O,O0 copies. Paris, with population less than 1000, ,OOO, issues ,553 periodicals, and these have an annual circulation of about HOO, ,00O, 900 [ copies, so that in fact the citizens of Paris \ are more iberaIly supplied with daily and < weekly provender than their British neigh | bors. In fact, it is estimated that the jour nalistic products of Paris amount annually ! to almost one-tenth of the entire issue of the \ globe. New York and Brooklyn, with pop llation nearly equal to that of Paris, pro- luce 587 publications, with an annual cireu- Iation of about 516, ,OOO, 900; Berlin produces 536; Vienna, 482: Madrid, 253; Brussels, 233; Rome, 213, showinga gradual diminu- 5ion until St. Petersburg is reached, with a I population of 667, ,963, and newspaper issue I of 183; and Moscow, with 8 population of ! 501 ,969, and only 57 periodicals