davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The Board of County Commissioners
met Iii special session at the Auditors
office yesterday. and in addition to some
routine business, passed resolution con-
cernlng their action on the recent act of
the Legislature, authorizing them to
borrow $4,000 for the benefit of the
Hood sufferers. The Board resolved to
make a thorough examination of the
territory Hooded within the county, and
to investigate the wants and necessi
lies Of those damaged by the food, and
the extent of the relief, if any needed,
and decided to take no further action
until such examination be made. They
appointed Tuesday, 26th, TO meet the
trustees of Pease tp. at Deep Run,
and the same day the Mayors of Bridge
port and Martins Ferry at their offices
the trustees of Pultney at West Wheel
ing on Wednesday. 27th, and the Mayor
Df Bellaire and Il ustees of Mead, on the
same day, in the Mayors office in Bel
alre; and the Trustees of York town
ship at Powhataa on the 2Sth.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

GEORGE MOUNT, while on drunk one
day last week, beat and abused his
father and mother He was taken be-
fore Squire Baker, of Barnesvilie. and
lined SO and costs for his evidence of
filial affection.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

NOTICE. E.-Arrangements have been
perfected by which Mr.. Lewis Tompkins,
of East Richland, has resumed his
former relations as salesman for our
MARBLE and GRANITE Works, and any
orders entrusted to his ca, will be
promptly filled by us.
EVANS & CLOSE,
Marble and Granite Works, ST. Clairsvillt.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
FOR SALE!

IN Loydsvlle, Ohio, five acres of land and
Il large brick house, in perfect repair, with
ten rooms and cellar; stable and all necessary
out buildings; a good well and never-failing
spring. The house stands apart from other
houses; is centrally located, and suitable for
two families or place of business. Poses
sion given April 1st.
PRISCILLA BALDWIN,
31>2t Louisville, Ohio.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

gart' John Quinlan, S, L. Gregg The follow.
ing are the names of the committee which re.
ported: Josiah Merritt. Commodore Pickering
llilam King, William McCleary, John Parker.
quo Rottmeier, Henry Williamson.
In mentioning the names of those who baked
Dread. we omitted the names of Mrs. John
Parker, Mrs. Otto Rottmeier, Mrs. Samuel
Lockard
Henry F. Pickering took a load to West
heeilns Wednesday, and William King and
L. L. Iompkins another on Friday, making
seven loads sent through the instrumentalitv
OF the East Richland committee.
mere is a balance of $50 in the treasurer'S
hand, which will be used to the best advantage
J. L. CARMAS, Sec'v.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
Shooting for Health.

There is no recreation that will benefit in
valids so much as shooting at target. There
is something about it that strengthens the
nerves and builds man up, and with the low
price of Rifles, Shot guns, Pistols, &c, it is
The cheapest medicine. Send for our illus
trated catalogue; it is free. Address, Great
Western Gun Works, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

CHARLES KINsEY, of Flushing, was
stricken with paralysis on Monday of
last week. He is So years of age, which
makes his recovery doubtful. He is the
oldest Mason in Ohio, having been in
itiated in 1916.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The corperators of the JOnes-Hoyle
Manufacturing Co.. of Martins Ferry,
have called a meeting of the stOckhOld-
ers for March lst, for the purpose of
electing Board of Directors, make by
laws, &c,
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

CAPT. H. C. DWIGHT. of Hartford,
Conn, has authorized G. Troll Il Sons,
of this place, to draw on the Mayor of
Hartford for $500. for the benefit of the
flood sufferers in this county, if the same
be needed
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

AT the last meeting of the Eastern
Ohio Horticultural Society. some of the
speakers who had made examinations,
report that the peaches are all killed,
cherries damaged; while other fruits as
yet are all right.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE Etna and Standard mills, at
Etnaville, are said to be the only iron
mills on the west bank of the Ohio be-
tween Pittsburgh and Cincinnati, that
were not damaged by the flood. They
are both running full now.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

LoA MITCHELL, daughter of Prosecu
tor Mitchell, was seven years old on
Tuesday. and a party of her little friends
were invited in to celebrate her birth
day, enjoying themselves heartily.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

Jos. H. Close so instead of 81 as er
roneOnsly reported last week.
To the whole sOuled people who SO
handsomely responded with provisions
and clothing, when the call for aid Was
made, it is proper to state that in the
hurry and excitement of the time, those
who gathered these supplies kept no
note of the amount contributed by each
person, and hence it is not possible for
us to publish the names of the donors.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

|. a LABoEER named Bumgardner while
engaged III repairing dwelling in Bel
laire on Monday, had his back broken by
the building falling on him.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

MONDAY morning, about five o'clock,
the drst thunder storm of the season
visited this section, and vivid lightning
flashes lit up the heavens. Look out for
snakes.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

JAMES HALL, who resides near Sew
ellsville. lost by fire short time ago, a
lot of fine lumber he was drying in to-
Iaeeo house.preFaratory 10 building in the
spring.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

Hon. w. n. CowDEN. II Guernsey
county, is over at Washington City, la
boring with his Democratic friends to
indHce them To assist ia restoring the
duty on wool.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

FRIDAY night the Wheeling dramatic
company will produce Hamlet in the
Wheeling opera house, for the benefit of
the food sufferers, with Ed. Larkin in
the leading role.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE next meeting of the Eastern Ohio
Horticultural Society will be held on
Friday of this week at Barnesville-
subject for discussion: agricultural
Science in the Public Schools"
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE work of cleaning up and repair
ing about the food washed towns is be-
ing rapidly and vigorously pushed for
ward. However. some places viii be
wears recovering their former condition.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The James Dixon homestead near
Quincy has been purchased by Mr.. 5 ID.
McGregor, who owns an adjoining farm.
Nc deserves to have added to his estate
such a desirable property.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

AMONG the patents recently issued,
We notice one to Wm- X. Elson, Martin S
Ferry, on a castor; also. one TO John
Heberling, Mt. Pleasant, on sewing
machine ruffier.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

MRS. CARPENTER, of West Wheeling,
was struck by G. & p. engine on Tues
day morning, and il is thought, fatally
injured internally. She is the mother of
a large family.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

A MARTINS FERRY citizen says that
a Portland man came to that place to
leok for the remains of his two houses,
and carried them home in a sack.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The Independent says that some of the
estimates made by Bellaire people of
their losses would pale the tax duplicate
into significance-beings simply iidicu-
lous.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

A GOOD idea of what the flood in the
lower Ohio was. can be formed from
reading an account of it printed on the
first page of this paper.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The colored Odd Fellows will give a
supper and dance at McMillen's Hall on
Thursday evening, Feb. 2Sth. Every
body invited.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

HEINLEIN Bros, of Bridgeport, will
rebuild their brick block, which was de-
stroyed by fire, as soon as the weather
will permit.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE council of Barnesville is in cor
respondence with The B. & o. Officials in
regard to building a bridge over their
tracks near the wooden factory.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

ISAAC IDDINGs, near East Richland,
had calf to fall into 22-foot well. 1t
was drawn out with ropes, and found to
have sustained no injuries.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

MRS. JEANETTE WEATHERHoUsE. who
resided two miles west of Martins Fer
~, and who was possibly the oldest res
ident of Pease tp., died last Friday, aged
SS Years
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The residence of a W. Gayhardt, at
Lewis Mills. was entered by burglars on
"Wednesday night of last week, and some
silver spoons and clothing carried off.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

FINE TEASING have the largest
stock of the BEST and CHEAPEST Teas ever
held in town. Give us an opportunity to
prove it TO you. Teas are lower than we have
ever known them, and we believe they will
advance: don't forget this. GEO JEPsoN.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE commissioners of Jefferson coun-
ty have voted to issue $4,000 in bonds
to alleviate the sufferers from the flood
in that county.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE night police of Cambridge have
quit. The contributors of the fund re-
fused to pay up at the last collection.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

A SCANDAL of considerable dimensions
is just eIinning to a2itate social circles
in the usually sedate town of Louisville.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

A SERIES of meetings were conducted
at the Cbristian church in HeDdrys
burg. last week, by Rev. Todd, of Nor
ristown, District Evangelist.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

TALooTT KooN, an employe of the
GAINESVILLE glass works, met with a bad
accident last week, very badly cutting
the back of his hand with piece Of
glass.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

SUGARS-Our refined sugars are the
best, and guaranteed to be PURE. Sugars are
low, but we cannot insure them to stay down
all summer. JEPsoN.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

ACCORDING to the almanac. spring
began officially on March 10Th. This
gives the ground hog chance to get in
his weather before spring ought to open
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

TIE next lecture of the Bellaire Y. NJ
G.. A. course will be delivered on Thurs
day evening of this week ny Dr. A: A
Willis. Subject: "The Model Wife.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

COMMUNION services will be held IN
the Presbyterian church on next Sab
bath. Preparatory service on Saturday
nj p. m.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

AN $4,000 steam Touring mill is 20 be
erected at WOedsield, one half of the
money to be subscribed by citizens. and
to be repaid at the rate of $500 per an
mum.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE boring for gas is to be resumed
at Beilaire as soon as the wreck made by
the flood can he repaired.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The C.. L. & w. road began to run
tr:iDs through to Cleveland on Tuesday,
the first since the flood.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
legal Notice.

d DUTH EsTEP. minor Is years old. Charles
III Estep. Susan Estep and Jessie Estep,
minors under II years of age. and Francis b.
Estep of Benwood, Marshall county, West Va, q,
will lake notice. that on the 3Oth day of No
vem Der. 1888. John c. Hayne 1led his petition
in the court of common pleas OF Belmont
county. Ohio, in case No ..-. against the above
named parties, ct al. praying for partition of
the following described real estate. situate In
the village of Martins Ferry, county OF Bell
mont, Ohio. being part of section %. town
ship 3, range 2. commencing ut a slaughter>
house. on south of the premises; thence south
611s0 west 8-l0O poles; thence west l655-luGo
east iI 100 poles: thence 67lSo east 9I>!O0
poles; thence south Is S5-lOOo east i7-l00 poles
10 the place of beginning, containing one.
third OF an acre of land; also piece OF land
of same size adjoining the above. devised TO
Susanna Hayne deceased, by Joseph D. Hayne,
deceased. by VIII dated september 2Sth, 1873.
Said parties are required 70 answer on or be-
tore the 2Sd dav OF February. 1854.
Geo.I Duncan, J I'M o, HAYNE,
Attorney. / 3-5t Plaintiff
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE paper mill at West Wheeling will
be rebuilt at once. Mr.. Wagner will
also build himself new residence.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THAT robin which was SO gayly chirp-
ing around on Tuesday. wished he hadn't
come so soon, Wednesday morning.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

CANNED GOODS-Tomatoes, Corn,
Peaches, Plums, Pears, Apricots, Peas, String
Beans, &c, &c, cheaper than you can put
them up, by can, dozen or case, at JEPsoN's.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE Grand Army entertainment
which was to have come off at Martins
Ferry on the 22d, Washington's birth
day. has been postponed until April Sd
or 4th.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE B.. z. & c. narrow gauge road
which was such a terrible sufferer from
the food, went to work energetically,
aud will get trains into Bellaire during
this week.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

A SON was born to Gus Specht, at
Martins Ferry during the Hood, and
was duly christened Flood Specht.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

e. W. MITCHELL has been appointed
railroad and express agent at Martins
Ferry vice W. 5. Dilworth, resigned.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE right of way for the Mt. Vernon.
Coshocton & Wheeling railroad is now
being secured through Harrison county.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

Among the generous contributors to
the Belaire relief Committee, along the
line of the Central Ohio, none were more
munifcent than the families of Ira
and T. E. Lewis. at Lewis Mills.
who took down on Monday and Tuesday,
18th and 10th, rs loaves of bread. 100
pounds of meat, besides enough clothing
and bed clothing to make IA complete
outfit for two or three families.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE protracted meeting recently closed
at Glencoe, resulted in nine conversions
and twenty-five accessions to the church.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

JOSHUA BARKER, northeast of town.
lost fine four year old mare from dis
temper on Monday night.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

QUARTERLY Conference of the A n
Z. church was held in Martins Ferry OF
Tuesday.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE colored men of Barnesville have
made application through the Cam
bridge lodge, for a charter to establish
lodge of the G. U. o. o. F., at Barnes
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THEY had new version of an old
song at Cincinnati last week, it was:
"Wade till the clouds roll by
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE next teachefs' examination in this
county will be held in GAINESVILLE, Sat
urday March 1.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

UNCLE SANS boys are getting the
mails pretty well in hand.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The country schools for the past few
weeks report slim attendance, owing to
the high waters, deep mud. &c.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

A WITNESS appeared before the Cam
bridge grand jury intoxicated, and was
promptly sent to the Jail 10 sober up.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE NJ. E. church at New Athens
commenced protracted meeting last
Sabbath.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

NEW ORLEANS GOODS-Our
stock is the best that comes up the river.
Come and see it. GEO JEPsoN.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
Popular Line East &West

Time Tab la Eject january 25Ik. ,s4.
CENTRAL STANDARD TIME.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
Or. FREASE'S
WataF-ClIPa

Water-Cure Establishment.
\ health institution in It's Snth wear. for
nearly all kind of chroEic diseases and
especially the disease of womon. Open at
s. FREASE, NJ. D.
6l9S3>ly New Brighton, Beaver Co. Pa
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
Executors Private Sale
REAL ESTATE !!

THE undersigned, executor of Barton
Il Foulke, deceased, will offer at private
sale between now and the 1st day of March,
1884, the farm of said decedent, situate four
miles west of st. Clairssille, north of the
National road, between East Riehland and
Bruce station, consisting Of 60 acres of hnd.
with house, barn and necessary out buildings,
plenty of excellent timber and fruit of all
kinds. To be sold free OF dover.
BENZ. NJ. LOPER, Exr
] 24>8t Barton Foulke, decd,
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
LOCAL RELIEF WORK.

THE following names of contributors
to the cash fund of the st. Clairsville
Relief Committee, have been added since
our report of last week:
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE blue birds and robbins are put
ting in appearance.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

Three men lost their lives at New
comerstOwn on the 9th inst, in attempt
ing to cross the Tuscarawas river in Il
Skiff
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

THE mud will dry up on the pike in
two or three days like Tuesday.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

CARROLL COUNTY is to have $780,.
600 court house.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

DRIED PEACHES very large
stock for sale at wholesale prices at JEPsON's.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

TRIM the grape vines.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

TOMORROW, Friday, is Washington's
birthday.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

EVAPORATED Peaches and APP
ples-The finest you ever saw, at JETsoNs.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The next Woodsfeld Fair will be
held on August 20. 27, 2S and 20.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

The ground hog can go with VeunOr
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
Relief Work at East Richland
EAST RICHLANp, O.. Feb. lS !

As stated last week, we give the names of
those giving cash and provisions to our solicit
in0
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

MONEY TO LOAN at 6, z, and s
ner cent. w. 4. MCMECHAN,
Office, Alexander & Mcdonald,
4 If. Bridgeport, o.
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21
TAR. L. w. KEESOR,

HAVING located permanently In st. Clairs-
L vilIe Ohio is ready 20 answer profeSsio
al calls at all hours.
Office-At National Hotel until April 1st
after that date at residence. 22I>ly@
Belmont chronicle. [volume] (St. Clairsville, Ohio) 1855-1973, 1884-02-21

B. Il. TALBOT, Dentist, st. Glars.
Vile. Office, east of school house. 4l2tt
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-03-08

VENTILATION OF Bedrooms. The me-
cessity, says the Mining and Scientific Press,
for ventilating the bedroom, may be made
very plain by simple experiment.
Weigh yourself before going to bed, and
then again in the morning after rising, and
you will find that you have lost from one
to two or more pounds in weight. This
loss is partly in water, but it is also partly
in the carbon of our food-she butter, oil
and starch which we ate on the preceding
day. These substances have been burned
up, and their product carbOnizsd-i. e.
with some animal matter has escaped into
the air of the bedroom. Now if a
single ounce of cotton were to be
burned in the bedroom, it would fill
the sir with smoke SO as to make
respiration uncomfortable, and if this were
repeated every hour during the night, even
then it would not pollute the atmosphere
more than the breath of single individual
during the same time. II two persons
sleep IN a room they pollute the air twice
as much as when only one sleeps in the
same room. About 3 900 gallons of fresh
air should be admitted hourly for each
person sleeping in bedroom, in order to
maintain proper degree of purity, 1t is
not enough to keep the windows open dur.
ing the day time ; they must also be kept
open during the night, or other methods
equally efficient employed.