davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bad Lands cow boy. [volume] (Little Missouri, Dakota [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-1886, 1884-06-12

than ever known, and the calf crop simply
surprising. The extra number Of bnlls
that have been placed upon the range are
accountable for the gratifying increase,
and have demonstrated the wisdom of the
rule requiring each stockmen to fully
provide himself with male beasts. [Chey-
enne Livestock Journal. ~ 5:.ss
Colts should be halter broken while fol-
lowing their dams; they never forget it.
Once broken always broken. Youngsters
may he weaned from their dams at sig
months old. They should be fed with
oats and wheat bran when taken from
their mothers milk; it VIII keep them
growing through the first winter, which is
essential to carly maturity. The good
start lays the foundation, in bone and sub
stance, for a good horse. ANY check to
the, growth Of the young scion the first
winter will seldom be recovered in after
years. A colt neglected the first winter
never RECEIVERS its proper shape, nor does
it grow the size and strength Of body and
limbs which naturally appertain to his
breed. II Kansas L. S. Indicator. y
Never, in the history of tho livestock
business Of Texas, has there been such
buying and selling and interchange OF
stock as there has been for the past month,
and likely to continue for at least two
weeks to come. It would seem as though
every large ranchman and every heavy
buyer in the region west of the Mississippi
had gone there toy buy or to make con-
tracts for the future. The trail is full Of
moving herds, and flor weeks past every
railroad in the State has been having a
rush. Rolling stock is at a premium,
and on some of tho roads cars could not be
had under any circumstances. It is not
that cars are limited in number, but that
large lots Of cattle are being shipped.
The trade in horses has been unusually
large also. About twenty carloads have
been shipped to the vicinity of Wichita
Falls, Kan, and some east. Most of the
cattle go north and vest Arizona Live
Stock Journal. 4. n 3; .e d.
A Aranchman named Wilson, Of Colorado,
now said to be worth some s., OOO, ,OCO to
$4,000, 600, some twenty-five or: thirty
years ago made the trip to Pixies peak
with team or two Of oxen, and which
hauled himself and family and all their
possessions. A short time since this ad.
yenturous settler, through lawyer in
this city, sold one of his ranches to an
English company for between $4OO, ,OOC
and $500, 900. It was a curious circnm.
stance that first directed Mr.. Wilson'S
attention to the capabilities Of Colorado
as a stOck-raising state. On his way Il
the peak q yoke Of his oxen gave out. Ht
therefore turned them loose, as Iii
thought, to die. a year or SO afterwarf
he was passing through the same tract d
country, when he came upon his oxen
looking in splendid condition. He a
once made up his mind if oxen couls
lstand such; a winter as that which thi
yoke had just xeathered in such prim,
condition that stock raising ssould ID !,
pToftabls business in Colorado. He I'M
lmediately went into the business, wit
THE result that now ''cattle upon thou
1sanp hills are his, besides seyera
ranches and q mansion in the eityof Dor
1yer. Chicago News Sssss;
The Bad Lands cow boy. [volume] (Little Missouri, Dakota [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-1886, 1884-06-12

having one bull less than $he should
[Droyers' journal.
& The Calgary Herald is informed by farm.
ers south Of there that the md ianst are Il
playing sad havoc among the calves.
One gentleman saws that out Of seventy
Of last YEAR calves lie has only seven y
left, and that a neigI,bor who last wear
had one hundred cattle can only count
twenty-five. The other day butcher.
noticing that two cows had calves, and
that two Sarcees were eyeing them, went
over to the farmers boy, telling him what &
he saw, and that he had better go at once.
and tell his father, who immed lately sent
him after the calves; and although twenty
minutes had not elapsed since the butcher Il
left them, yet when the boy got there one
calf was gone and the Indians nowhere to-.
be seen. These depred dations are carried
on chiefly by the young bucks, who go in
parties OF FIVE and six. They win not di-8
vulge anything, and think that it is only
the one who killed the animal who is
amenable to tile law, and that by going
in parties he cannot be SO easily canlght.
/, 3z5
Some OF our ranchmen have struck q I
chord which could have been sounded
independence. It is simply the spaying
of heifers and old cows. It is Just as easy
to send Of to market a fulI-gro,Win1l. fatss
animal, which viii bring more than i 4
steer, as to sell as surplus Of the range
sorry yearling to soma other fellow who
makes all the profit Of the growth. And
it is inst as easy to have an old COW %,
fat to market as to die Door o. the prairie
or in the bog. To some extent this expe- s1,e. +
ldient was resorted to last wear on those
ranges whose prolific stock had outprpW1l rr,,Tl
1 the pounds, and with results entirely nj sat-
1 isfaeto,y. One Of our anhaniIle IL ranches
last year shaved 1000 heifers and thiss
year the little experiment will be follow;
! ed by the same ranch as well as others.
On those ranges where the selling mania
Of recent times has caused an enhance.
ment in value Of heifers This NAV beS
regarded as clear waste. but to those with
i prospective oYerstock il is a means of saw
i ing grace and profit most apparent.
IIAIobeetie Tex.) Panhandle. ss
s.s
] While in North Platte, recently,
1.-THE editor OF the News had a pleas
ant interview with Messrs. John Bratt o.
Co, one OF the largest and oldest cattle
firms IN western Nebraska, whose cattle
find their range not only in that State
but IN Wyoming and eastern Colorado 70, do,
Mr. Bratt said that for years his firm had
pracstalcea putting Up al The hay ii
they could. Dnrlngs me l'l last winter and
sprung they fed ,l2es tons OF hay, and
some corn; tills was g bulls, COWS and q.
caves anu althongn tt the past season was
nnsnally s severe Mr, BraH ESTIMATES the
iosses q s., ms urn M, 2 nos more .han TWO pei
cent' me s1oek business remarked s IS
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
Values in the Time Of Henry VIM

In the part of the sixteenth century,
just before the Reformation, the ounce
of silver was was worth 3s. 4d., or, in
other words, the shilling of Henry VIII.
was in intrinsic value Los the modern
coin. Tho wages Of an ordinary labor
er were Gid per day. The rents of
cottages varied from Is. Sd. to As. per
annuln. Six or eight days labor was,
therefore, sufficient to pay the years
rent. At the present day, taking an
agricultural laborer's wages ct l5s. q
week, and cottage rent ct q. week,
f5 year, it requires 40
days labor to pay the yearly rent.
No doubt the cottages at that time
were mere novels; but I fear Q large
number at the present day are little
better. About the same period wheat
was 6s. Sd. per quarter, the price Of a
pig Be-. 3D., and Of COW los. A labor
er earning Sid. q day, or IS. Sd. per
week, could purchase squsrter Of wheat
witha fortnightb labor, which would
now requiresthree weeks, or q pig with
one week % work, which would certainly
now require the labor Of three. LsaY-
ing ont O. view, the cost Of clothing and
cf IT, gher smens lihich mod
IN require - - teAo 4 m
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
very Favorable 1ritish 1uagst.

The budget was presented to the house Of
commons Wednesday. It was the smallest rec
orded, and was received with cheers from the
iberals. The document was presented and
explained by the Rt Hon Huch C. Childers,
chancellor OF the exchequer, and the occasioli
being his first public appearance in the house
for some time, he was accorded an ovation. He
said: n
The revenue for 1888 amounted to es7,oo5
1S4, and expenditures to 9S6, 89O, COO The beer
duty alone exceeded the estimate by 600, 600,
whilst the spirit duty fell off, The income tai
produced G453, 600 beyond the estimate. The
national debt up to the present time is reduced
by E726S0, CO., tCheersl Itisnow lower than
since 1911; while the interest is lower than
since 1903 lCheersl The national debt WAS
reduced during 1883 by II, sou, OO The est
mated expenditure for the current fiscal year
is Es5. 81, o0O the previous year.
Mr.. Childers stated that the finances Of the
country were in such satisfactory condition
that the government felt able to recommend
some general decrease in the present taxation
and believing it to DO wise to give the roliet
where it would be most widely felt, proposed
to reduce the present duty on tobacco from
four pence per pound, which would prove an
mont made the Liberals fsirly Wild With en-
thusiasm.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
Varied Agricultural Notes.

Farm implements, when occasionally
brushed over with crude petroleum.
will last longer and be protected from
changes of weather when exposed.
Tree-worship among the ancients had
a most important influence on the pres
elwation of forests in circumscribed
places Beautiful groves, which would
otherwise have been sacrificed OH the
altar OF immediate utility, were pre-
served by the religions respect for trees.
Milwaukee Sentinel.
There Is no Use in cleaning your
poultry houses unless You burn vour
old nests. They will harbor more of
the various kinds OF poultry parasites
than you can ever cxterminatc with a
whitewash brush.
1t is all important ogivc carly chicks
some flesh cut very finely, such AZ beef
bacon OF mutton. Nothing seems so
delicious to them as these occasional
meals. which they swallow with great
avidity.
An enemy Of the grape-in the form
OF grape-seed grub-has been discov-
cred. The eggs are deposited by a
small black fly upon the skin of the
grape, and the young grubs work their
way INTO the immature seeds soon after
Matching. The infested fruit usually
shrivels in midsummer The best rem.
edy for the pest is to gather and burn
the affected grapes.
Professor j. w. Sanborn. of the Mis-
souri, College Farm at Columbia, has
been glancing at the agricultural sta
tlstlcs OF that state, and finds that the
wheat yield has gradually run down in
twenty years from IA to IT. bushels
per acre, and the corn crop from 10 g
to 26.6. These significant figures en-
pllaslze the unmistakable necessity of
refreshing the soil, whose fairness the
pioneers have been extorting without
compensation.
Mr.sN. J. Shepherd says that farm
ers should always he careful to use only
good seed for potatoes. With every.
thing favorable you may sometimes
raise good crop from poor seed, but
this is only the case when the general
crop has been plentiful and the prices
low. while, by using only the best of
seed, giving it good soil to grow in, and
good clean cultivation, You are reason-
ably sure of q good crop when others
fail, and as there is then received a
higher price the result is more profit
able.
The following expressions against
shoeing horses are reported by the
Kansas Farmer q having been made at
2 meeting in Nortonyille. Of thst stste :
Professor B. u. Nihsrt rid that ths
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
Cultivate the sunaov.r.

How to cultivate the sunflower is told
by writer in the Rural Home, as fol-
flows: Tho Mammoth Russian is the
largest, best and most productive varie-
ty, and should he planted tine same a.
corn, leaving one stalk in the hill. You
con begin planting early in the spring,
and continue until the last of 7une, but
the earlier they are planted the larger
they will grow. ] raised heads last
year from twelve to twenty two inches
in diameter. They averaged one quart
of seed to the head. 1t will yield more
grain per acre than corn, and of more
value. The average yield is sixty to
one hundred bushels per acre. From a
half acre / raised eight wagon loads OF
heads that l gathered in the fall, be-
sides what I fed. began to feed my
poultry sunfower seed the 18th OF
August; it is the best egg-producine
food known for poultry. They eat
it greedily, fatten we'll on it, increase in
eggs. II is fully recommended by
poultry-breeders who have tried it a.
an excellent and cheap food for fowls.
It keeps them healthy, prevents chicken
cholera, and should he fed to laying hens
three times week. For show birds
on exhibition, short diet of sunfiower-
seed gives their feathers an extra glossy
coat. During cold weather the seed
serves the same purpose as oil in lamps,
and furnishes fuel to keep up the ami
NAL heat. I feed one gallon to 40 hens,
per week, all the season. It will grow
on almost any soil where fruits and
grain will not grow; along side of fences
or any place where the soil is not SO
easily cultivated. Iplanted low piece
of ground last year that was hard and
lumpy. In the fall the ground was mel
low as q garden, as the large leaves
absorb the moisture from the soil and
leave it valuable for other crops.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
Roots For Stool.

The majority of western farmers have
yet to learn that roots, such as carrots,
parsnips, beets and turnips can be raised
much cheaper than corn and oats, andwill
yield larger crop per acre, and will
furnish a large amount of excellent stock
feed at the lowest price. Corn, oats
and hay are the principal dependence
of the western farmers, and they make
the best of stock feed, whether fed alone
or in connection with other material,
but they IRE also high priced when COM
pared with roots.
do not think misstate the facts
when / say fifty bushels of either corn OF
oats is considered very fine crop, in
fact, 1 believe taking one year with an
ether the majority Of crops will fall un.
der rather than go over this, while in
the same soil and with the same cultiva-
ton three or four times this amount can
be raised of roots, and with artichokcs
or turnips five or six times the number
of bushels can he raised and with even
less cultivation.
The trouble of putting away may be
something over the expense Of shocking
and cribbing corn, but in the increased
number of bushels that can he raised
per acre will doubly pay for this, but
the larger number of bushels that can
he raised per acre is not the only ad.
vantage. Every farmer knows that toe
much corn is unhealthy. Stock, to keep
in the best thriving condition, require a
change, and roots furnish this at very
low expense. In fact, Eastern farmers
find it more profitable to feed largely Of
roots, saving their corn as a change OF
supplemental feed and to finish offthei,
stock for market. For growing stock
roots are much better and much cheap.
er than corn or oats, and by feeding
largely of them the cost of the stock al
maturity is much less than If fed upon
corn alone, besides giving thriftier and
healthier stock and giving the farmers
more corn to spare to finish off hogs fol
market.
Try small plat this year. Keep 81
account of the cost of raising and the
value as feed, and in this way determine
for yourself if it is not more profitable
to raise roots for stock feed,
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
. Sweet xsrn.

Sweet herbs will be in demand next
winter and should lie provided now.
The usual kinds are: Sage, thyme
summer savory, and sweet majoram, to
which may be added tarragon, basil, and
spearmint. The first three named
above should he sown in seed bed, as
soon as the weather is settled and the
plants kept free of weeds, and we'll cult
waited until June or July, when they
may follow some earlier crop. The
plants may bo set a foot apart each way.
Tarragon is hardy perennial with o
pleasant flavor, and is used in salads
and pickles. The roots may be bought
of the seedmen. Mint, or spearmint, is
much in demand in spring for the "mint
sauce, to accompany spring lamb, and
an excellent favorng for soups. It is
propagated by division of the roots,
which are naturalized in many places.
Basil is raised from the seeds like sage,
etc
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
saltia9 8 1IIsss1sssSs I1i.e.

Tho city Of Duluth has been oonsidsrably cx-
cited over the practices Of ) company known q
the Oneots Gold andGilvcr Mining company.
Last fall it was given ont that Albert e Ssals and
Edward Lghtheart Of Duluth had discovered
what was claimed TO b an exceedingly rich
gold and silver mine in ravine about ono mile
back Of the village Of OneotA. They pretended
to keep the discovery . secret until they OBJ
tanned possession Of ths land On which thsvsin
cropped ont But more or les Of tho aflaif
was published IN the local papers during
the winter: This eprlng company WSs
formed auder the above name By gesEs, Light
heart and James Nalloch, and articles Of In
corporation were hled ON tho "a Of April
Since that time they have done all they could
to attract public attention to Tho mine and orc
ate excitement by frequent reports Of rich ~
says and Improvements made, and specimens
Of rocks from the mine have been freely o.
hbited around The city. Il u said considerable
Of the stock Of the company was unloaded q
~ per share. H. Hulbett, mining ensi-
n; and asssyist got hold Of some specimen.
had been salted with gold shavingA
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02

s:Ss Y - - Ms
n Hca.s sArnss ( aIiI; r ~ ~ y y
saly al o'clock ~ = = -
|inC 1is s1ysr An M = I6iSi y
yAs IT, laAas Gauss ~ S1 -
was evsS essrtion Of NJ
poweeA WAish 20 a61raxA -
tuubles - g bring 6}m = n " r.
leaves folf daughters, tw0 % n in | ~ Saafs
ried and living In ChiceGA lGn4e 3e9Sra
Arnold ~ born In HstsNic = G. e..
N. Y, Nov. 50, 1915 Hts paisG "a GSoiffss
". and sophia u. Afnoya-NSeo n1stvss q
Rhode Island, whence they - MA 81 NeW
York about 1904 He'recetved Nc ona0a oeAool
sducation, and entered W nv cilSe q
admitted to the bar In l616 q. Xrnoid esnss
to Chicago in 1854, having eva INV kundrsd
dollars and some Law books h opeood q
Office, and fow months sftssvatd foFnsd {
partnership with the lsts 1lAhlon D, Oeden.
Tho next year, Chicago having bssa, incofpoe.
ated, Mr.. Ogden was elected mayor and ~.
Arnold city clerk. In 1879 Mr Arnold bs9an
to take an active part h political Gdsirs. No
name was moro conspicuous IN tho lannals az
Chicago than that Of Isaac Newton Arnold, Who
achieved distinction % IN able lawyer, an IN
right politicians patriotic statssnlan, and faith
ful historian Is
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
Go. CARROTS Sensations, Dsv.rs. case.

0sa. CAROLS 0snsational Divorce oasa.
A lively sensation has been caused in Wash.
ington in social circles by the announcement
that Mrs Helen Marshall Carroll had entered
suit for divorce from her husband, Samuel
Rprigg Carroll Mira Carroll was married "a
Mr.. Carroll atSt Louis in 1856. In the army
the promotion Of Carroll was rapid After The
war lie settled in Washington, and was few
years ago retired will, tho rank and pay Of 4
major general He built him . fine home and
lived In according style, with luxurious tsstes
In the bill fled by q. b. Corkhill recently the
petition says that she has positive proof thai
her husband has frequently had sdulteroui
commerce with the keeper and also an inmate
Of house Of ill-fame Gen. Carroll Is Vel
known in military circles throughout the whole
country. Mrs Carroll is related to some Of the
most distinguished officers in the service.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
Doing House Ny Way.
Anna B. McMahan In Tho Current

tauut ID. AlcMaNdu III lHc CurrCuL.
During tledifiicult and ar,luous period
"breaking in" q new girl, most women
say: do thus and do so, because this is
my way" "wllen the back is turned, in
stantly the maid does it another and
probably poorer way, because it is her
way. But if my way were shown to be
the best one anu for what reasons, and
it were seen that the lady herself found it
no less fitting and beautiful to practice
the best way i'll the work of the kitchen
than in her other affairs. then the work
seems no longer mental but dignified.
Though tedious ut first it pays because
Of the principle involved. For the
same reason it is n great advantage to
make friendly visits to tile kitchen, list
ell to experiences, discuss methods, be-
cause this shows respect for the work
and is as far as possible from that "fa-
miliarity which breeds contempt" which
comes from mere chat. There are hun
dreds of little ways in which mistress
with tact and genuine respect for the
work and the worker, can make this felt
and as an incentive to good work it is
beyond calculation.
Then, the average mistress is often
guilty of ignoring the sensibilities of
her hand-maiden. Grant all that may
be said of the ignorance, dullness, i'll
difference, Incidence, extravaganza, re.
belliousness, and recklessness of the
present body Of domestic workers, still
these difficulties are not met in the right
way and spirit. It is not in the right
way when children are allowed to make
sport Of the blunders, when lady cor
reefs them in the presence of guests or
others. nor when she "nags" continually,
nor when she holds up the virtues Of
some predecessor, nor when she re-
proves every wrong and failure but fails
to praise generously the successes or
approximations thereto.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
1hysiciaa lrurasr.a IA ,coat...,

DR. H B. Barley of Radenburg, Mont, was
murdered Monday, the 2lst at Indians Greek,
near Townsend He went from his home to do
some work on mining ditch in which he was
interested, and not returning, search was made
and his body found in the ditch ON which he
was at work. He had evidently been shot BY
found on his body. Barley WAS an old-tiinor,
and was constantly in trouble with some ons.
II is said his litigations have cost Jefferson
county over fifty thousand dollars. No Clue to
the assassin. Barley was distinguished
surgeon in the confederate army, and brother
Of G. G. Barley, editor Of the Chillicothe MOL
Constitution
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02

Articles of incorporation of tho lows L Min
nesota Northern Railway company have filed
with the secretary Of state. It is proposed to
construct and operate line of rs,ad from .
Minnesota, in the county of jackson, to the
northern boundary Of the state, and also "a
build branches and extensions. The principal
place of business is to be st Paul Tho cor
poration is to continue for fifty years from
May 1881 Tho amount Of capitol stock ID
placed at q 5Oo, GOO, which is also the limit Of
directors are: William Crooks, George W.
Cross, Andrew De Graf and James B. Hubbel
Of st Paul; Hamilton Browne Of Des Noines,
lowe; Harry A Foster Of Angus, Iowa; Philip
Brady Of Fort Dodge, lows. The stock is di.
vided into g, OOO shares Of 600 each.
The pioneer express. [volume] (Pembina, Dakota [N.D.]) 1883-1928, 1884-05-02
4 minnesota IA p,ss q 8 INC, ve,.1

4 lGinnssota IN Daee q . EniaD WovnA.
William G. Essler, proprietor Of the k Peter
foundry, and one Of tho old settlers Of Minnesota
died Thursday morning, tho cath, from tie a.
fects of wound received from knife in The
hands Of one Grin Wallace, ON the evening Of
March ~, Mr.. Essler and Wallace got into a
alteration. Essler accused Wsllacs Of stealing
some iron Wallace drew knife and cut e.
sler severely in the arm. Wallace was arrested
term Of court Two weeks ago orysipelss a
in on Mr.. Essler's arm and his case soon b.
came serious. A warrant was issued for Wal
lsce's rcarrest, but for some reason he was not
taken in charge by the officers, and he left the
country and his whereabouts Is unknown.
Wallace had served one term in the penitent-
ary, having been sent from Blue Earth county
for stealing.