davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
Took an Inventory.

In January last good old-fashion-
ed dealer in dry goods. groceries,
hardware, and pretty much every
thing else, in the central portion of
the state, decided to take an Inventory
for the FIRST time in 81 years. About
the time it was completed. CONNER
cial traveller for house In this city
happened along and asked him how
he came out.
Well, it's kinder dubious, was
the reply.
Howl
why I fell short of my estimate of
stock by about IS, 000."
And you don't know how to make
your figures come cut event"
Il confess | don't
Well, all you have to DO is to
mark everything up 20 per cent"
"Ginersl Jacksonm gasped the old
man; but I kicked around in bed for
three straight nights and never
thought of that. That's the way, of
course, and up goes the price of cali
and tiatirons
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
Iowa County Democrat
MINERAL POINT, WIS.
OWED TO MY BoARDINc-HoUsE.
Alr-.The Old oaken Bucket"

Air-"The Old oaken Bucket"
How dear to my purse Is the boarding house
racet,
Its sour mash potato, its roast beef so dry;
Its doughnut so hard that a hammer won crack
1t;
Its fire-proof back number, dried apple pie:
oh. the pie-crust so clammy so greasy, 50 fera-
No pen can do justice to boarding house pie
Tie ''tea-dust" Bohea and chiccory Mocha
The fraudulent bread made Of pdpier nadcItei
The grocery cracker SO freckled and smoky;
The burglar-proof butter so brindIed and gray
Oh the strong, long-haired butter-so utterly
utter,
Please call in the barber--or take it away.
/ am taking French leave Of my present Lea
ton:
But ere depart--for my landladys sake
AZ n souvenir precious of lasting duration,
I'll have my boots half-soled with boarding house
steak.
Oh, the highway Is rough; but the steak, sure is
tough!
1t shall tramp while / live, and then dance at my
wake.
TEXAS SIFTINGs.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

A man who has invented three
lightning rods is living in poverty and
obscurity In DetroiL-New York Com
mercial Advertiser. The man who be-
came the agent for the rods and at
tempted to Introduce them, is still liv-
ing Ia the hospital with his skull cut
open. and his body covered with
bruises. 1t less dangerous to invent q
lightning rod than 1t is to attempt to
sell it-Norristown Herald.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
WHAT RROKE THE CHARM

Her eyes reflected smiles Of summer skies.
Within whose azure depths a heaven lies;
dimple kissed each creamy-tiBted cheek,
Her voice ike rarest music soft beguiled,
And when she ope'd her rosebud lips to speak
a dozen pearly cherIbs peeped and smiled
The CLINT OF golden sunbeams nestled there
Within the pcrfumed mcshes Of her hair
The sea shell tint, with hue SO pure and clear,
bestowed It's faint blush to each dainty ear
Her grace surpassed all other grace, ween-
Twas like unto some tabled goddess queen
She touched my hand, Il thousand tremors thrilled
Nv heart: vowed. / loved-there, horror chilled
Froze all affection and the charm was broke
When she took out cigarette to smoke.
TEXAS SIFTISGS-
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
Temperance Principles.
Detroit Ere Prs.

Jim" said one of the two colored
men, who were roosting on the Post
office steps, ''wha's de staff of life7n
Z" Wattah,1T' promptly responded
Jim.
''Yoh wrong, yoh is, said the other !;
" it am whisky, Jim, OATS what it
ar"
Den all Is got TO say is it am mitey
pore staff to lean ON, an lets yoh down
cherry time" answered Jim
"Korreck, said the other; Il
'spects yoh principles, an it am my
turn to treat VIII yoh hab de watah
hot or cold Jim?'
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
Who Are the Colonies.
Pittsburg Chrenicle Telegraph.

The title of Colonel" is name of
distinction that is given for different
virtues In different localities. In
Texas a man who shoots another is
entitled to the rank. In Kentucky
the man who can drink the most
whisky and keep his feet receives the
appellation. In New York it belongs
to the president of coaching club.
In Boston it is only given to people
that have swallowed Webster's Una
bridged. In PIttsburg every man Is
a Colonel who keeps his boots
BACKED.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
puImonarT Con.umntiou.

DEAR SRI received the trial bottle of your
White Wine of Tar Syrup, which you sent TO my
address. My wife has been troubled with a lung
disease for more than eighteen years, and was
pronounced to be last January in the last stages
of Pulmonary Consumption. She commenced
taking your valuable medicine and received re-
lief at once. She has used three bottles since aud
is now using the fourth, and her health is better
than for many years. We cheerfully recommend
il to all afflicted with any trouble of the throat or
lungs. We now get our medicine through John
Potter, our merchant at this place,
Yours Respectfully, REV J. B. Fly
Brookline Station, Mo. SUsANE Fly
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
Important.

When you visit or leave New York city, save
at tho GRAND UNION HOTEL. Opposite, Grand
Central depot; $50 elegant rooms, fitted up at a
cost Of one million dollars reduced to 81 and up
ward per day. European plan Elevator. Res
taurant supplied with the best. Horse cars,
stages and elevated railroad to all depots. Fam
lies can i've better for less money at the Grand
Union Hotel thaa at any other hrst-ciGss hotel in
the city.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
4 Yonulnr EatIacH.

Maay people thiuh tina; Rheumatism cannot he
cured II is caused by 4 had State Of the blood
which deposits poiSonoGS matter in the joints and
muscles caIiSIas !apgene>S S;iiTneSS aid swelling
II IIr joints and cNrrnciat!r : pains Kidney
", rt VII csttsl,uls clSrct 4 cure. Il acts ON the
kNiu.yS, Liver and Esw els, stiClG,AtlGS them To
u heait acton. PARTIES and vncicheS the IloSd
ald Eliminates tIsy ulSNa from the SN>tctn TO
10 the near = druggist boy hldUcg Wort and De
cured
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

A Boston paper, in describing the
appearance of that city after a recent
snowstorm, said 'it looked as if it had
been dipped in solution of alum
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
A Splendid Dairy

+ one that Yields IL owner good profit through
the whole season But be must supply the coES
with what they need In order for then 10 be able
70 keep ND their product WHEN their butter gets
iixht il color he must make Il gilt edged by
Ing Wells Richardson & Cos, Improved Butter
Color. II gives the golden color Of June. and
adds i've cents Per pound 70 the value o. To
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

LAST years fashions are ont CT date. but
last years friends are Stil our own This is why
Mrs. PinSham's Vegetable Compound rCv1r los es
favor; every lady who knows lis worth talsi Who
does notN feels that the kindly face Of Mrs Fink
ham is that of an houored friend
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

My son was entirely cured of ner-
"sous prestration and structure of the
''urethra by means of Warmers Safe
Cure" A. A. WALKER,
Eufdld, Ala Times aud NetcS.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

The United States man of-war Iro-
quois has gone 20 Alaska to freeze out
the yellow fever which recently APP
peared in her.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
NOTICE.

The Following Statements arc Pub
lished for the Benefit of the Public
Read and Reflect.
Il have found Warmers Safe Cure all
1t was ever represented to be-"
j.. BACON
Shreveport, La. -
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Brown stone for Floods San Fran
cisco house is quarlied in Connecticut,
cut in Newark, N. j., shipped from
New York IN schooners, taken to clip
per ships, and by them to California.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

FOR nearly % years have suffered
with kidney and liver disease, never
having found relief until used War
''ner Safe Cure, which cured me-"
]. 7. CAMPAGNAC.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

The scaifold on which John Brown
was hanged was recently sold to Il
syndicate of relic hunters for 5000
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
The Dr.. S. 4. Richmond Med. Co., Props,
GS- TGS@pla. Me- aS
American College SONG Book.

Collection Of the Songs OF - representative Amer
lean Colleges one can hardly imagine Songs frcshor
and brighter than these 40 in number. and all newly
contributed hy the colleges in question. including Vas
sar and Wellesley There is average OF songs from
each college. Price SEQ.
Also published, Carmina Colcgcnss. $500 UniyeT,
sity Songs, $3.50, and Students Life IN Song, tl.n
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

/ am miracle to those who know
WHAT 4 terrible condition I have been
in and all through the power of War
''ner's Safe Cure"
NJ ~
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Photographs, EngravingS etc, can be exquisite
ly colored with Liquid Art ColorS made from nia
nlond Dyes Full directions for this beautiful art
work, with handsome colorcd cabinet photo sent
10 any address for 10 cents WELLS \ RICH
ARnSON co, Burlington Vt
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

A little negro boy got into Rev. Mr..
Kennedy's houee in Baltimore and
stole all that gentlemen's clothes, SO
that he had to lie abed until more
could be procured for him.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Pure Cod Liver Oil maze from selected livors
on the seashore, by CAswELL, HAZARD h Co.,
New York. 1t is absolutely pure and sweet.
Patients who have taken it once prefer 1t TO all
others. Physicians have decided IL superior to
any of the other oIls La the market
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Coughs. BROWN BRONCHIAL CGoC HES are
used with advantage To alleviate Coughs, Sore
Throat, and Bronchial Affections Sold only in
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

~ annoyed with this disgusting disease, which
caused severe pain in my head continual drop
ping, into my throat and unpleasant breath. My
sense OF S'I was ;t zen ~ I %'1 ny An, Im'T
have entirely overcome these troubles j II
CASE. ST. neuS Hotel, Broadway and 18th ST \
Y. Not liquid OF snuff.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

1t is estimated that Southern Georgia
will this season produce crop of
watermelons double that OF last year.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Warmers Safe Cure is an excellent
medicine, and beyond all question has
greatly benefited my children, particu-
LARRY my son.
REV. w. w. PATRICK.
Editor North Teras Churchmda.
Fort Worth, Te.rdS.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Chapped Hands Face. PimpIas and Rough
Skin cured by Using Jus PER TAR Soar, made
by CAswELI, HAZARD * Co. Now York.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Are you constipated' DR. Sanforl'S Liver In
yigorator will cure and nrevemt it. Try it.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

1t costs New York about 500, 900 a
year to light her streets and public
buildings.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
American ArI.

Brooklyn, \, Y, now claims SOC, 900
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

iHSulSluS, anu pSyOuu All question mas
greatly benefited my children, particu-
LARRY my son.
REV. w. w. PATRICK.
Editor North Te.rds Churchmda
Fort Worth, TeraS.
Twenty years ago 1 was discharged
from the army for consumption.
had wretched cough, great pains in
the lungs and several hemorrhages.
My physician gave me up and l began
using Warmers Safe Cure which, to my
'amaZement has restored me to health.
1T seems almost a miracle"
A. A. FOWLER.
Enterprise, Miss.
Il have been a sufferer from Bright's
disease. NV limbs were swc lien to an
enormous size, and dropsy set in.
passed a great amount of urine, and
my life was fall of misery. l went To-
Hot Springs and engaged the best of
medical skill but all failing began the
"use of Warmers Safe Cure, and after
1.-The use of IL bottles am a we'll maa.
Nelr BrdunfelS. Terds.
NICHOLAUS NANGER.
County Treasurer.
Il wish had the capacity to do jus
"tice to the value of Warmers SAFE
"Cure. Everybody who is affected
with kidney and liver trouble or a
most any disease flesh is heir to should
use it. 1t surpasses anything ever in
'troduced for ladies' troubles. l have
taken over 20 bottles, and my wife and
daughter have been restored to health
through its use"
Wv. MANNING.
Portsmouth, Va. Ocean House.
"My health is now excellent, but in
Tho summer of 1882. when l was max
ling a canvass for appellate clerk, my
sheath and strength gave way. | had
great lassitude, with pain in the region
''of the kidneys, and it was almost i'm
possible to rally after any effort. At
this time my wife induced me to use
Warmers Safe Cure, and to my great
delight and marked satisfaction,
''was restored to health and have re-
manned so to this day. All the diff
'culties l complained of have disar-
''peared and 1 give the credit wholly 10
Safe Cure" RICHAGD T. JACOB,
Ex-Lieutenant-G Governor.
HIestport, Ky.
For nearly year L was troubled with
extreme wakefulness, failure of
strength, pain in the right side and
general breaking down of my system.
81 had frequent desire to urinat7, often
Gas much as ten or twelve times in
''single hour. At that time my urine was
clark in color, roily and sudsy with
large percentage of albumen. l used
various remedies prescribed by eminent
"collegiates but experienced no RELIEF.
My trouble being of desperate char
''acter, with no relief from medical
sources 1 concluded to try Warmers
Safe Cure, and am to-day as well is
II have ever been in my life cordially
commend it to all who suffer from
kidney or bla oder diseases"
WIN. s CLINE, NJ. d.
Toms Brook, Va, Feb. 27th
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Asthma easily cured Get a free trial bottle
Sec advertisement in another column.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11
- -

Berkshire, n. Y, with 2,000 popu
lation, advertiser for cobbler.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Hampstead, Te.rds.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Savannah, Ga.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1884-04-11

Procured or 20 charge slso Trade MARKS Lsbeis
large uGHssrdte1 book AZ patent Lnn FREE. o<la -
c.yfeAc< Higbest refeTcoeos VI. ]. FIJZOERAlD
Attorney II Law. 1906 v s.. Washington. ID. g,
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1884-09-11
Watching and Waiting.

A wan little woman, with tired,
painful expression. sat in a suburban
railroad depot late Saturday evening.
In her arms she held pale, pinched-
faced baby that was seized, at brief in
tervals, with paroxysms of coughing.
With each return of the distressin
cough the baby seemed to grow weak
er and the mother more disturbed.
Piles of bundles of various shapes and
sizes were ranged on each side of her.
Some of them fell at her feet. To these
she gave little heed. She cast anxious
glances at the open door as if momen-
tarily expecting some one. Every foot
fall on the outside frightened her per-
ceptibly. The lines on her brow deep
ened and her agonized face grew paler
after each look that brought only dis
appointment. Bending tenderly over
her little suffering babe, stupor seemed
to overcome her. Aroused by the ba-
by's cries of pain, she started up and
looked appealingly around, exclaiming
anxiously: "Oh, God! will he never
come?'
She sat late into the night. Train
after train went, and still she budged
not. The last one had gone for the
night. Sympathetic bystanders inquir-
ed why she fingered.
George told me to wait for him."
she replied, absently.
The baby had remained quiet for
some time, and now no longer respond
ed to its mothers caresses. A gutter
begrimed man staggered into the room.
Stalking over to the group, he shook
the little woman roughly and babe her
get ready to go home. Without looking
up, she said: II knew it would break
my heart if George took to drink again;
but baby's all right"
An insane mother, dead baby, and
drunken husband presented sickening
tableau in the depot at midnight. Chi
cago Nes0s.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1884-09-11
The China Dog Craze.

81 want black spitz.' said lady
who entered Chestnut street crockery
store the other day.
81 am very sorry, a'am, but sold
the last one this morning." replied the
salesman.
''Oh, that is too bad. | am simply
ruined without one. Can't you get one
for meP Do you expect any morep I've
gone everywhere, and nobody has one
left. No matter about the price-only
get me black spitz."
'Tll take your order, ma'am, and
try to get one for you," said the sales
man as the lady left the store.
"What does that meanp" asked re-
porter who heard the conversation.
"Why does she come here for a black
spitz?'
"Oh, she wants a china spitz, not q
live dog. Don't you know about the
rage for china dogsP Mop Well, sir,
it's the thing now to make collections
of dogs in china, deli, glass, bisque and
everything of that kind and arrange
them on parlor etageres or cabinets.
Some people try to get as many dogs
as possible, without regard particularly
to tho kind of dog; others make a
point of getting more of one kind than
somebody else. Now the lady who was
here minute ago has doubtless seen q
friend who has collected more speci-
mems of the spitz than she had, and q
black spitz being somewhat rare would
be triumph to her.
"a lady who bought pug with a
bell collar here day or two ago told
me she made every one of her friends
present her with n dog costing from five
cents up, and her collection now, in
cluding those she had bought, number
ed 149, and she had them arranged on
an eagere all to themselves, and the eff
feet, she said. was TOO cunning ~
Philadelphia Times.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1884-09-11
In the Pilot House.

eyes, sii this kind of work obliges man to keep
soberas q Judge. OF all men in the world, steam
boat pilots and railroad engineers shond let liquor
alone. For their clearness of sight and coolness
of head depends the safety Of life and property
Keeping his hand on the wheel as he said this,
Mr.. A. Brockman, of No.29ls Silver street, Chicago,
added: "Of course some of em drink but the sober
ones have the best positions and the best pay. Yes,
the work and exposure sometimes tells on us but
for my part, find Parkers Ton to be all the in
vigorant need. I've got bottle aboard here now
never 60 on a trip without it. When I haven't any
appetite, in any way out of Sorts it sets up
10 no time. Ifdrinking men would use the Tonic,
1t would help 'em to break off. (No, that isn't a
light house; it's star low down near the water.)
As l was saying, the Tonic is new life bottled up.
You see that flag staff? Well, with bottle of Par
kers Tonic In the locker I can keep malaria as far
from me as that, all the time. My wife has used it
for three years for summer complaints and cholic,
work. She says the Tonic is daisy. Good bye!
Don't break your neck going below"
This preparation, which has been known as Par
kers Ginger Tonic. will hereafter be advertised and
sold simply under the name of Parker Tonic. AS
unprncipled dealers constantly deceiving their
customers by substituting inferior articles under the
name of ginger, and gingeris really an unimport-
ant ingredient, we drop the misleading word.
There is no change, however, in the preparation
ITSELF and all bottles remaining in the hands of deal
ers, wrapped under the name of Parker's Ginger
Tonic, contain the genuine medicine II the fac-sm.
lie signature of HIsCox Il Co is at the bottom of the
outside wrapper.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1884-09-11
SHERIFF'T SALE.

Charles II. Gidley, as County Treasurer of Henry
County, Ohio,
W..
Edward B. Magill, ct al
Orler of sale from Htnrs County Court of Com
mon Pleas
By virtue Of order Of sale issued from the above
named court, and to me directed as Sheriff of Henry
county, will offer at public sale at the North door
of the Court House, in Napoleon, Ohio, on
Saturday, September l3, 1884,
at the hour of of 2o'clock, p. m of said day, the
following described real estate, situated in Henry
county, Ohio, to-wit:
Lot number ninety.two 1927 in the original plat of
the Village of Napoleon, Henry county, Ohio.
Appraised at $500.
Terms of sale, cash.
FREDERICK ALLER,
Sheriff of Henry county, Ohio.
R. w. Cahill, attorney for plaintiff.
Mp. IN, Ohio, A ug. Q, 1884,. SS 10.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1884-09-11
StIERIFFS SALE.
Charles II. Gidey, as County Treasurer of Henr
County Ohio,

Charles II. Gidley, as County Treasurer of Henry
County, Ohio,
Charles Bull and Augustus Bull.
Order of sale from Henry County Court Of Com
mon Pleas.
By virtue TO an order of sale issued from the above
named court and to me directed as Sheriff of Henry
County, will offer at public sale at the North Door
of the Court House, in Napoleon. Ohio, on
Saturday, September l3, 1884,
at the hour Of O'Clock p. m of said day, the fol-
lowing des cbed real estate, situated In Henry coun-
ty, Ohio, wit:
That lot or parcel of land situate in Henry county,
Ohio to-wit: portion of that tract of land which
Wealthy P. Gregory bought of Joseph Harman, by
deed dated Dec 81 1864 and recorded on page 1853 OF
Henry County Register of Deeds, and that portion
hereby sold IL bounded and particularly described
follows: Situate between the Wabash and Erie
Canal and the Maumee river, and beginning five (5)
rods westerly from the west line of the land said
Wealthy p. Gregory sold to Bedjamn Bordner by
deed dated April H. 1885, and recorded page 210,
Vol H. of said Henry County Register OF Deeds. at
a point on the south line of the towing path of
said canal and running westerly along said south
line eight and one-half (Sh) rods, and thence
turning and running southerly on line parallel
with the said west line of said land sold to said
Benjamin Bordner TO the Maumee river,
thence running eastery along said river eight aud
one-haf $40 'Ods, thence turning and running
norrhery "a line parallel to said west line to the
place of beginning. All in section l3, town 3, north
of range q east in said county
Appraised at SGl1.
Terms of SALE cash.
FREDERICK ALLER.
Sheriff of Henry County, Ohio.
r. W. Cahill, attorney for plaintiff.
Napoleon, Ohio, Aug. 8, 1881. Sl4 10.
Democratic Northwest. [volume] (Napoleon, Ohio) 1869-1894, 1884-09-11
A waist of time-An old maids

A remedy that has proven itself a
never failing cure for scrofula and all
syphilitic disorders must quickly cure
less terrible blood diseases. DR.. Guy
sott's Yellow Dock and Sarsaparilla is
such perfect blood purifier and
strengthener of bodily functions, that it
cures the above diseases even when Hot
Springs and all other treatment has
failed. Remember, it is absolutely free
from mineral poisons, and will not in
jure the most delicate constitution. Its
use will make you feel buoyant, strong
and we'll, and will rid your system of all
blood impurities and every internal and