davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
DARING THIEVES,
Who Have Been the Terror ct Three
Counties.
An Bneounter In Pennsylvania, Tn which
Several Men Arc Reported 70
Have Been Killed.

FITTsBURG, Pa, May 3.-For some time
past numerous daring burglaries have
taken place in Armstrong, Clarion, and
Jefferson counties in this State. Night be-
fore last the ticket office of the Allegheny
Valley Railroad and two stores at Manor
vile, Armstrong County, were robbed.
About $500 worth of goods, were taken.
The thieves, three in number, then stole a
skiff and carried their plunder
down the river, where they hid it
ing in stone quarry saw them and notified
County Detective Stiveson. He got the
assistance of three other men and started
after the thieves. When the pursuing party
came up with them, not one of the officers
had out his revolver, but the three thieves
each had in his hands two self-cocking re-
Tolvers. They had seen the officers and were
prepared for their coming. Stiveson recog-
nized the thieves as Daniel Mitchell and
Sol and George Haynes, brothers, who
sr1 MfsRs sass5y In leader the Of he
said to Stiveson, "You see, we have the
drop on you. You are a married man, and
you have a family. We don't want to hurt
you, and we know you can't afford to be
killed. The best thing you can do is to go
Stiveson is noted as very brave man, but
under the circumstances had to give in,
and turned and took his men with him.
This afternoon it was learned where the
men were located and a posse of
twelve men headed by District
Attorney Buchanan, of Armstrong
County, started after the thieves.
They met them in a deep hollow in the
woods, and fierce fight took place, the
thieves firing from shelter in the woods.
1t is reported that several men were killed,
but owing to the fact that the telegraph
a oil at n m
no further information could be obtained.
The burglars notified Detective Stiveson
yesterday that they would never be taken
alive. The Haynes have been terror to
the community for years and intense ex-
citement exists in the three counties over
the occurrence
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

the corrupt surrender Of millions OF
acres of public lands to railroad corpor-
ations; in Whisky Rings reaching into
the Executive Chamber; in Post-trader
frauds involving Cabinet Ministers; in
Credit Mobilier bribery embracing Sem
ators and Congressman, and in the bold
official protection of public robbers!
There is no petit larceny about the
enormous fees drawn from the Treasury
under cover of the bogus Star-route
prosecutions!
The question now is whether the
magnificent crimes of the Grand Old
Party shall be condoned, or be punished
by the Punishment of their perpetrators
from power. Are men who have stolen
one Presidential term and boastingly
purchased another to be allowed third
time to defy the will of the people by
refusing to permit an honest election. a
fair count and the Inauguration OF the
successful candidate? Are robberies OF
the Star-route character to be repeated
and the criminals to be protected? Are
political lawyers and pet Congressman
to continue to deplete the Treasury
through extravagant fees as Govern
ment counsel and to receive pay at tho
same time for settling" cases adverse
ly to the Governments interestsp Are
we still to have corrupt legislation for
favored corporations and monopolies
and against the rights and interests of
the people?
These are the questions to be decided
| within the next six months. It depends
upon the Democratic party to say how
| they shall be answered. Only through
| Democratic President can the country
be saved from misrule. Only through
| a Democratic Administration can the
Government be brought back to the
landmarks of honesty, purity and econ
omy. Only through Democratic blind
ness and folly can the people be induced
to condone the crimes of Republicanism
and continue corrupt and dangerous
party in power.
Before the country makes up its mind
to rid itself of the Grand Old Party il
will demand to be satisfied that the
Democracy is united and harmonious in
favor of effective administrative reform
and strong American policy. The
people want honest legislation, honest
elections, pure Judiciary, the protec.
ton and elevation of labor, the proper
restriction of corporate power, reduced
taxation, economy and simplicity in ad
ministration and assured punishment
for official crime If the candidate.
and harmony of the Democratic party
assure these reforms, the days of Re
publicanism will be numbersd.-M 7
World.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Bloody Afray,

MoNTsERRAr, Mo-, May &-Last night ut
about ten O'Clock party of white men
visited the house of Joseph Hughes, negro,
living two miles north of this place,
with the alleged intention of horse
whipping him for an insult he was said
to have offered to a white woman
several days ago. When the house
was reached two of the party en-
tered, Charles Miller and man named
Long. The details of what followed are
not easily obtainable, but the negro offered
a desperate resistance, seizing an ak,
literally splitting open the head of Miller
and striking Long terrible blow in the
breast. The result of the encounter is that
Miller will die, and there is prospect also
that Long will not recover. Hughes has
given himself up, and is now in the hands
of the authorities,
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
1.-THE Grand Old Party"

The Republican party has called it
self the .'Grand Old Party" 1t de-
serves the title! Its early leaders were
as grand in love OF Liberty as the modern
leaders are grand in love of Larceny.
1t was once grand in its Freedom-it is
now grand in its Frauds! 1t was grand
in its Lincoln, in its Sumner and its
Gerrit Smith-it is now grand in its
Arthur, its Kellogg. Its Keifer, its Dor
sey, its Bliss, its Bill Chandler and its
Johnny o. Brien.
1t is no petty theft to steal a Presi-
dency. There is grandeur of crime
in the purchase of Presidential elec-
ton; in the sale of a Supreme Court
Judgeship; in the stealing of millions
of dollars through Stsr-rents fraaasi in
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
A Young Lord Jailed for vagrancy.O

TORONTO, ONT, May 3.-RichardB B. Cham
berlain, son of Chief Baron Chamberlain,
London, England, and Walter N. Redford,
son of Colonel Redford, a British officer.
were arrested here to-day for vagrancy.
They, in company with an alleged son of
Lord Rossmore, have been living in style
in the Rossin House for some weeks.
The proprietor informed them that he
would like the settlement of the bill, nd
they became indignant. The Lordl ing
left the hotel in the night, and detective
arrested the others. They claim that Lord
Rossmore's son carried away their money,
but that they will meet all their obligations
as soon as the English mail arrives. In
the mean time the bloods will enjoy jail
diet.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Suicide of a Printer.

MEADvILLE, Pa, May 3.-Late last even
ing Henry c., son of Hon. H. D. Lowing,
publisher of the Linesville Herald, at
tempted suicide by shooting himself while
laboring under a fit of mental alteration,
caused by severe fall some time since.
The ball passed through both temples, cut
ting the cords of both eyes, which he will
doubtless lose the sight of, provided he sur
wives, though the physicians have fears of
non-recovery. Mr.. Lowing is aged twenty
four years, and was a newspaper compos-
itor, and has for long time been in poor
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Love and Clam Chowder,

WASHINGTON, May "A very sad case
of jealousy and clam chowder, leading to
suicide has just occurred here. A young
lady was left behind by her lover, who
went on a picnic to Great Falls.
Upon his return there was a scene.
To Jealous upbraidings he only re-
sponded by proceeding to prepare and serve
himself with clam chowder. There
upon the young lady, as she afterwards
explained, because he did not ask her to
serve the chowder, pulled out pistol and
shot herself. At the hospital, previous to
her death, she attributed her act directly to
the clam chowder.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
A Wife.Murderer.a sentence,

HARRISBURG, May 3.-fhe Jury in the
case of VIM. Andrews, charged with
killing his wife, and then burning her body,
at Highspire, July 4, 1881, returned a
verdict of murder in the second degree.
This verdict was based on the charge Of
the court, which tended to show that unless
there was legal proof of the killing, OF the
body of deceased should be produced, was
murder in the second degree. No portion
of the burned body was produced by the
Commonwealth. Andrews had already
been convicted of murder in the first
degree, but was granted new trial. He
was sentenced to twelve years. imprison-
ment, the full penslty,
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

A foolish young man at Norwich,
Conn, named Mussell, amused q crowd
the other day by pretending to violent
ly stab his friend Dennis Coughlin.
Mussell turned his wrist with every
blow so that the handle instead of the
blade of the knife struck Coughlin, but
after a while forgot the turn, and
Coughlan now lies dangerously hurt,
with stab between his seventh and
eighth ribs reaching almost to lis heart.
-MeW HdUe11 Register.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Officer Wounded by Desperadoes.

PIrTsBURa, May 4.-Last night Officers
King, O'Shea and Staley attempted to ar
rest three brothers named Skelly, who re-
sisted, and in the encounter which ensued,
King was shot twice in the head. O'Shea
and Staley had narrow escapes, each hav-
ing a bullet hole through their coats.
About twenty shots were exchanged. The
three Skellys were arrested to-day, and are
now in Jail. They have the reputation of
being desperate men.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Female LAWYER Admitted to Practice

PHILADELPHIA, May 3.-Judge Thayer to-
day delivered an opinion in the Court of
Common Pleas, No. 4, admitting Mrs. Car
rie B. Kngore to practice. Every other
Common Pleas Court has refused her admis.
sion, although exceptional action was taken
some time ago by the Orphans Court,
where the lady is practitioner. Judge
Arnold dissents from the opinion of his
colleagues, Thayer and Elcock. The Court
took the ground that it's action was sus-
tanned by the common law right, which
the Legislature had not interfered with by
statute.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
"A fine-lookinp old lady

"A fine-looking old lady was sent to
prison recently under an assumed name
by Philadelphia Judge for habitual
drunkenness. She formerly resided on
Arch street, and moved in the most ex-
elusive society, her husband, now dead,
being widely known. He left her an es-
tate, which she has dissipated by in
temperance. She has two sons-one an
officer in National bank, and the other
a physician with extensive practice
HiLadckpkia Record.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
nunamite In Germanu

LONDON, May "A shop was blown up
by dynamite explosion to-day in Hagen,
manufacturing town in Westphalia. Ad-
vises from different parts of Germany
show an increasing number of outrages of
this kind, which are generally attributed
to the spread of the doctrines inculcated
by Herr Most, O'Donovan Rosa and other
agitators of their stamp.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
The American Forestry Congress

WASHINGTON, May A general session
of the American Forestry Congress will be
held in the rooms of the Department of
Agricultural next W ednesday, the object OF
the meeting being to impress upon Con.
gress the needs of forestry in this country.
Almost every subject connected with for
estry will be discussed.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
A Remarkable Affair.

EVANSVILLE, O., May 3.-This afternoon
a child aged eighteen months, belonging to
Thomas Coulton, prominent merchant
of this city, fell from second story win
dow to the earth below, alighting on brick
pavement, and, strange to relate, when
picked up by an astonished and frightened
mother, who expected to find it dead, the
child was unhurt save few bruises.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
A Bold Robbery,

NEW York, May 2.-Five men jumped on
the front platform of street car at
Eleventh street and Waverly place tonight
and threw the driver, Thos. Jefferson, over
the dashboard under the horses feet
They then snatched his money-box, con:
tanning $11, and ran off. The passengers
shouted for the police, and after a chase
during which several shots were exchanged
one of the robbers, Chas. Miller, was cap
tured.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Nlneteen Lives Lost al Sea-.

QUEBEC, May 2.-The ship Alantine, of
Drammen, Norway, was wrecked Wednes-
day night in a northeast gale and sleet
storm five miles east of Wolfe Island Sta
tion, Magdalen Islands. She broke up i'm
mediately. Nineteen lives were lost. The
second mate is the only snrviunr
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

"A Philadelphia teacher attempted to
reprimand some little boys, when they
pulled their revolvers and attempted to
shoot him. Out here in the quiet West
such story as this reads like fable,
but the papers assure us that it it is true
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Miss Maru Van Vra

-Ih!ss MARY van franken, OF Geneva,
Ontario County, N. Y, who has held q
position in the Internal Revenue Bu-
reau, has been promoted, at the in
stance of Commissioner Evans, 10 an
$1,000 clerkship. This is the second
instance in the records of all the de-
partments in which female clerk has
reached the $1,000 grade.-Bufalo Ea-
press.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
A Scenic Artist Dead.

NEW YoRK, May 3.-John Evero, scenic
artist, died this morning IN Hampstead, L..
l., at eighty-seven years of age. He was
a scene painter in the old Park Theater, in
this CITY, for twenty-one wears,
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Paris Green and Whisky.

D.. New YORK, May 4.-John Wentz, thirty
nine years old, bought Paris Green yester-
day, dissolved it in four tumblers, and CIV
ling one to each of his three children, aged
twelve, ten, and eight years, ordered them
Ito drink it. The children ran away, and
iWentz, who drank it, was soon taken vio-
lently sick, and died during the night. He
was pr robably crazed with drink.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
A murderer Commits SuicIde.

HARRIsoNvILLE. Mo-, May 3.-James
Maxwell, young druggist, arrested last
night for the murder of his brother.in-law.
Newton Saffron, was found dead in his cell
this morning, having taken poison, which
he had concealed in tobacco on his person.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
-Four Generations of ROYALTY.

LONDON, MAY 4.-The Queen has allowed
local photographer to take a group of
herself, her daughter, the Crown Princess
of Germany, her granddaughter, the Prin.
cess of Saxe-Meiningen, and her great
granddaughter, the. Princess Fedora, of
Saxe-Meiningen, aged five years, a group
male line.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

Statistics recently gathered show
that the colored population of the Uni
ted States is increasing at the rate of
nearly two hundred thousand year
a fact that does not look much like the
immediate extinction of the race which
has been so freely prophesied in some
quarters. Ghicd0O Journal
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

"A grand wedding in India is re-
markable for many things, but no fea-
ture of it IS more extraordinary than
the universal hospitality by which it is
attended. At the wedding of the Rae
of Clutch $4,000 people were fed the
first day, the second $1,000, and the
third $4,000
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
a Steamer Burned at the Wharf.

BALTIMORE, May 4.-The steamer B. s.
Ford, of the Chester River Steamboat Com
pany, burned at the wharf at Chestertown
Kent County, at l O'Clock this morning.
The crew and hands had barely time to es-
cape. The Ford was built in 1877, and cost
S75, 900.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
EscauinolBuroIar Drowned

CAIRO, Ill, May 3.-Fred. Moore, a mu-
latto, arrested for burglary to-day, broke
from the officers, and was drowned while
trying to cross the Mississippi River in a
skiff. He had but one oar, was closely pur-
sued, and capsized in the rapid current.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
lnfuriated Over a Iury's Verdict.

CHARLESTON, W. VA, May 2.-The
Sheriff of Mason County, at PIT. Pleasant,
W. Va, telegraphed here this morning for
cartridges, as there was a prospect of the
mob lynching James Kirby, who killed
man al Clifton, and who was fined 500 and
imprisoned thirty days. The people are
lnfuriated over the verdict of the jury in
The eesei
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
siamess Embassy at New York.

NEW YORK, May 4.-The members of the
Siamese Embassy to the United States ar
rived to-day, in the steamship Alaska.
They were received by the Chief Clerk of
the Department of State. The native
Siamese members were attired in European
costume. The Embassy goes to Washing
ton tO-mOrrOW.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
The River and Harbor Bill.

WASHINGTON, May 4.-The River and
Harbor Committee completed their bill to-
day. 1t will be reported to the House on
Monday. The total amount appropriated
is something less than $13, 900, which js
mado Immediately available.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
The Sandwich Islands are tho nor

The Sandwich Islands are the pop
ular resort for people on the Pacific
Coast who wish to make a sea voyage
for health, Just as Europe is for the peo-
pie of the East. The tourist travel to
King Kalakaua's dominions has
toublel within The past year.--,S.sa
Francisco ChYnf,tele.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
The Crew of a Steamer Murdered

BosToN, May IA report comes from
Port au Prince that the English schooner
Grapple was burned by the natives at Coy
Island and $4,000 IN property confiscated
and the crew murdered. A war vessel has
been sent there
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

In Canada, when a public official
takes money from contractor for
favors received it is called '.simony." y"
In the States the synonym for sim
ony' is called ."perquisite.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

Two young women in New Orleans
earn forty-eight dollars month by
keeping books, and on this have bought
and are paying for cozy little home
for themselves and their mother.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Another Gold Field.

GLENDrvE, MONT, May 3.-There is great
excitement here over the discovery OF
gold at Lone Tree Gulch, sixty miles north
in paying quantities.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

There are no less than eight
prominent Republican leaders who have
announced themselves already as will
ing to be Presidential candidates. The
Democratic leaders are more. dignified
in respect to the dignity of the Office,
and with statesman-like self-respect,
await to be called rather than sound
their own trumpets,
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

Business cards Of i've lines lees, S3 per anuum.
Local notices, 10 cents per line each insertion.
Simple announcements Of marriages and deaths,
snd church aud benevolent society notices inserted
free. Any additions to obituary notices will be
charged i've cents per line.
Favors must be handed in ~ early as Tuesday
morning to insure insertion the same week. Com
munications upon subjects Of general or local
iaterest are solicited.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

1t is predicted that Northern Ne
braska will one day in the not very far
future be the finest blue grass region in
the world.
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
Thirteen Deaths From Yellow Fever.

HAVANA, May S.-There were thirteen
deaths from yellow fever during the week
which ended Friday,
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

--Eatonton, Ga, has had the &an,e
postmaster for forty.nine years
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08

An English soldier sentenced to
death, while on the march to the place
of execution, complained of the man in
front of him for not keeping step to the
music. He said it made him sick to see
q soldier marching out of time
The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1884-05-08
A Terrible Affair.

NEW YORK, May 4.-Patrick Keating, a
hod-carrier, was arrested to-day for beat.
ing bis :. ife to death. When the police
arrived he was in bed drunk, lying on the
head of the dead woman.
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1884-04-02
FOR SALE!
Real Estate
AND
Mining Property!
The GeuleSl Uppoz2u
nsW Ever offered.
DT -

One-fourth interest in the Spectator Ia.
{patented) now under bond 70 Col. G.syoa &.
$N,O0O, q valuable property.
One-hal' of LOO acres ofplacer mining gron,,
adjoining the Jas. Ta.Dot ground, located ~.
the Silver Bow Mill
One-eighth interest in IS acres Of pa:ao.a1
placer mining ground. located near tie Ken.
Der Bros. ranch, adjoining Butte
Une-half interest in the Sioux Chief Iot.
adjoining the Mountain Chief mine on The va.
~tne-eighth int. in the Napa lpsteutedl Io1s
adjoining the Wake Jim mine on n was,
4 thin eenih interest in the Mint lode, ID.
joining the Orphan Boy mine.
A sixth interest in pa acres IN the Railroai
addition of Butte, and one-slXth Interest ia 4
lots in Noyes & Upton addition 10 Butte.
A one-sixth interest in the Soyes & Upton Y.
tor ditch. supplying waite. - numerous p.sca,
mining claims
One-sixth INTEREST," j.. Snu - W the No-sk
Upton patented plsecf ntuIce :-cund consis;.
ing Of about 80 q, res Gge.tec With I'll eppg,.
tena.>es the1e7c .u-b es aA:S.ni!h 90 mn.
ing tools. etc
Onethird interest IN the Ophir patented,
lode, DIV under bond till Jnly 18th fox S0UI
half interest in the Comauche lode, a.
Joining the Moun'ain View mine.
One third interest in the Never Despair lod.
east of the st. Law. ence.
Also one house and lot located on lower Main
lpmber. and hard finished. Good we'll. stabis
For further information call on 0. address
DAVID N. UPTON,
Butte City, MT.
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1884-04-02
DR.. L. z. HOLMES.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON
~ Cured.

lemplars HallBurte, N. T,
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1884-04-02
NOTICE. Of Eorfeiture

70 Edward Stack srd Thomas DALEY. You
I1H HyrsoS ! o.! med that l have expended ole
on the War Eagle loue claim. situated in :, sta.
.sco Hlnlng District, Jefferson County, " l.
niaa Territory: as will appear by ccr,l:.ca:a
c cos !aHuary nth, 1854, in the office Of the 70
nrau;oa sa!0 county. III order 70 hold SAID
plemlses,u under the provisions of section $50.
as.lseu statutes OF the United states, being tie
amount required to hold the sam for the year
- an - cemoer olst. 1sS, aud if within nine
!! ua!s rom the service of this notice. or with
"a ~. ETY. days afec this ro,ica BY publication.
YOU Iail or refu>e 10 contribute Your proport:on
" sHcn expenditures as your inter.
H., !. - salu Slaim Wlll-oecolne the properly Of
me subscriber under aid section 2,S4
@is".sou PAT. DUUGHERTT.
fasin City, Jefferson County, MT. Feb,
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1884-04-02

~, An O.d physician, retired from sctive prac,
fnSia nasing mad placed in his hands by ali East.
ahnla Missionary the f rmula of a simple ve.e.
eUle temery for the speedy and psrnsuan,
s ShS o. Consumption, Bronchitis. Catar-h,
aiso : ano al Throat and Lung affections,
aiso positive and radical cure for general de.
t I1aty ana allnervous complains, after having
enoioughly tested its W nderful curative pow
n,s IN thousands of cases, feels it his duty 10
1SeiPe VIII be sent free of charge to all who &c.
sus ~, WITH I'LL oirec ions for preparing and
ss rc usirg. Address, with stamp, nam
t o1 01s PeRer, Dr. J. Z. Raymond, 164 Washing
~ s1ssb 61ooklyo, n. Z. 2-iS-w1y.