The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-09-10

VIXEN Il has risen sufficiently thc f'gNNN'SS
: rs,~,aie>l Al the noiSieSt explosions
vshsck l hSvc heard "a Aswsii hSvc hccn
unIscGb,cil, prNircsSi by eo'aprcSSci and
heslsSi ar
with r,,,ard ~ thc statement ~ often
r;,ssle r,SrcetinS Stcaia escaping ff,'sa Tia
waiisr, r,>ltcn lsNss have = letter by me
ir,,,, the late Mr. CCSu, ~ hilc- Wbo lS';>
hans Ssw r,Ore running lsyS In his lifetime
thar suy cthcr uaan eNcr did IN answer
&c ny inquiries "a the Spbicct, IN which
he StS,r~ his beliei that steam i never Sccn
c,rs;rc tr,,ra Hawaiian lsva> EXCEPT when
thev Clearly ectns In cOrsScg With Wstcr,
ara then the steam eorlsSs fr0m the water,
,,ct fr,sa she lava. frOn the ort6cs-S u
eruf,tic,,. be SAYS he has often Sgcp StcArn,
AL th,.- he clvSrrycSs We may L. Surv
that hre and water arr In c''ntsct below
The late Mr. pculet ScrOpe, IA hi> WOyk On
v,,lca,,lgs, mS,ie 5 Scytc,,s mistake IN quot
irc Mr. Coan In Nij ~ the miNg,3 Stean
anil lava hyrcthy>fS, in which he nGkcS
hisss Ssy. that ~trcln the surface " the ,-'r
r---y8t ~ the eruption u lSS2. the steam
rcSe IN He,,cy wreSthS towards heaven,
M. CpIr VS. culy describing the rise ~
great yplur,es u steam frOsn the pool> ~
WSter - the lava poGrej iutc them IN its
ours. ard which rrSevSS Vas O. b. >cCc
almost iSoly reSr Hilo IN 1881,
PrcleS>rr pGrS reierS t. the hanging
eloud constantly Seen over hilSueS, u q
prsof that SteGru escapes IN lsrge quaint
ties trun the hilSueS lNySgS, anj thSs tins
elpcd often .con,ienSsS An3 falls IN ram.
Much steam frcln percClGtinS water no
icubc ErlSsS from hSSylrvs al about hilNrc1
and when il rams hard fruru all the hot
rlae,S, and frura the surface u the lakes,
and /, usually blows away very quickly
But attribute the hanging cloud 10 diff
ferert cause Simply % that u all hanging
clouds the heated column u ar oyer Nj
lxusa GtSrrbs and retains an Excess "
moisture II an invisible state. II rlSeS by
is lgSS specific gravity INTO cooler sra
turn and there cCnien>eS, The hanging
clccli, OF the wiriwJrI side q al our
mountains H-e merely smother phSSe u the
sSrle urincipls. have two Cil paintings
executed by Mr.. E'urreaux q a reuSrk
shls cloud which hung for q long time over
that uart OF the 1881 low. to the eastward
q HilC where the lava hTi Slt damned
up at the ed,y q the woods aud remained
for a long time Il lErSs half molten lake,
Tbs cloud not only Dropped raln- but one
q the pictures shows wgter spout pru-
cee,iinS trun1 1t. and when the lower end
q Il tcuchsd The bot lava II WIS sent blS
s5r- % Hz-1ir n stem. Now 1 wuult Ep-
peal 70 any observer q the lava Tow y
| ISL tSS1-grd they werv numerous
whether II this situation and away from
Any cracks, tsSures, OF Crihcss Of eruption,
there was any such amount Of steam, pre-
.sr,iiiy f,-,Bt ne if-,'. or from any orIhccs IN
that nsiShbcrhcod a. could have pro
6uced that constant hanging cloud highly
ch1r-ed with vapUr. \ rising column
h5ws7er. q moist Eillo atmosphere heated
over the molten lake and therefore cuutlr
u1lly rlslnS Iuco cooler stratum must pro
tlce j hanging cloud by the cunden>1-
| tiC1 u the excess Of moisture held py the
hsG1ed ar. Il Ray vel have pruduced
wztsr-SpUu-s. for such cloud would soon
become super saturated ard tend 70 tall II
q vortex r1n- This cloud wEs 10 doubt
J.s,sssei- bllcksred and intensified by the
s-nCss ard vIpurs fruu the burning woods
around the edges Of the constantly I'D
vancinE lava lake.
For ny part closely watched the lava
I fgw Of 1883. and walked UpUu the ne
bark Is the molten river ran down
/ the csntsr. I saw it afterwards fal INTO
The ,sa AZ the cuast- l have watched
[ the L1vas IN the llzss Of hIl1Usa- IN
| the fountain Of 1873 IN The summit cru
tar and N the TOW Of Isl near Hll1, and
I I have never been able 10 detect steam
Z c,,n-inz- T-y8t .is lrrr, although 1 have
/ looked for It. Steam from The ocean and
truu the pools Of Eutsr that the lava ran
irsc. from the urIicss 81 eruption from
cracks and ESsurvs IN Ike EsICn1UEu1Cd
/ gF tha hot rocks reur hLlIea and else
El,srs. from the trees Int the jungle tuu
winch the Lava wIs ev1puratI1g the JUICES.
I run The ram that hls poured on 70 1t. l
have seen II abundance. bat coming from
/ the lava itself l have never happened %
/ detect IT, Perhaps others have been more
/ fortunate. Why l. 1t necessary. however
70 imagine the cells In Qur lavas 70 be the
result q steam when ar gives such SIN
! pie account Of them
] Bg1S there l. stu another phase N the
/ behavior Cf our Laws. for which steam L
/ constantly brought forward a the origin,
| an,f Can't. Dur5Ur seems inclined to follow
| the usual Interpretation I mean the E1L-
/ low mounds Of paIiosfgs, which some
| times cover. In Close Succession, hundreds.
perhaps thcusanis Of acrgs Of ground.
| H observes
The u11rIbsrlsss mound, or bosses Cf
gaiss50c we're al formed In detail II the
naansr already described By repeated
/ i,urshCCts u strsanIs1s from beneath the
hardened crust behind A these belches
/ Of LAVA cool they exclude the 0cclutsd
stea1u- and the mass svglLs Up By the
/ f-r-1aziCn q uyrLads 4 vescIcls=, and
H. Nj
dlistsrs Underneath
HE7In- watched the fIruarI1u Of these
mounds Il g,Efoeigs II IS59 and II ISL. Il
did not appsur 70 Ne that steam was cu1-
csrued IN the process. hey seemed 70
| Be 4 simple hyJtrusta5ic effect II Ll-ld
/ e winch The crust cuCls rapld-y- / VI
1 cuus L1'4Tl5i usually tends % low, # s1Ee-
what sI1z Y released II tat1ensd sphsr
| 1IiaI misses. IL pCruc-e does Ct On q
smaller scale Ike quicksilver he rapid
| cooking 11d stIfznI1E Of the crust. 1Izs,
a. Il were. these fattEusd spheruiiaI
misses. and the molten lava flowing from
l the 6f hank Gr from a somewhat higher
Level BEHIND and protected By the crust
rum radlarIur- pUurz into the r1uldsd
mass Under a small head 1f pressure, and
y-Ezll.s II cu1 while the crust 4 somewhat
/ 1lastic- Bot nov two thL1Es cccrr- the
crust -gts sitter and the head Of Eg1li
inside gets higher 4 break has TO 0ccuT
somewhere Hutisr the head Of E4uld pres
SIRE Tins naturally happens az TIE I1w-
est side. the molten Lava belches 1uf a,ZaI1
and FIRMS another mound alongside but
llEzis lower tCwu the zl1ps- Ard 80 the
PROCESS zuss CT HE molten lava oftzE
runs al Cu1 q the mount leaving the
hardened hollow dome inst az It rrIns out
/ Il the arrted =fTsau- leaving the crust
With a Tunnel underneath -umstIues
the contraction Cf the cuCf crust CT the
d1mes. caasss the center piece Of the tap
20 crack II a rrItisly peutaguual or hsIaZ-
cuHI share and 90 f4I n bU1 sometimes
II remains zunIrp- In ny view. Il there
were nc vahsr. steam AZ q elastic --lses
n the plauet- these DIMES would f1ru
essentially a. they appear- While the IA
Ealal sr1Iptons and fountains 0f Lava
might eurrl1Ha 70 spout a. they Do t.1-,ia!
The whole seem 90 s. simple hgi-1sta1Ie
effects the result # Efs71lti.s snd-a7urz1=
% talf the Level dIe 10 their density.
There II tins peculiarly about these h
47Ilis. however. namely that the slightest
cDcilu- MAKES them first vl-'.Iit- then sol