davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
Apple.Growing and Railway
TRANSFORMATION.

And again the Homestead says: GA
Michigan fruit.grower, who has recently
visited among the billy districts of Yer
mont and New Hampshire, remarks to
us that he is surprised that certain To-
calities are not more extensively utilized
in apple-growing. Lands can be bought
so chesply in those districts, and are
really of 80 little value for any other
farm purposes, that he believes good
sized apple orchard, we'll cared for, would
be most valuable adjunct to the typical
New England farm, especially where
average railway transportation exists"
Average railway transportation exists,
indeed 1t costs from seventy,five cents
to dollar per barrel to send anything
less than carload of apples fifty miles
across the state of Vermont by rail, while
from forty to sixty cents per barrel is
charged in carload lots. They can be
brought for less from Michigan, and
usually are taken from that state to Bos-
ton for much less than they can 60 from
Vermont to Boston. Along the Cham
plain valley apples go to New York, by
water, for about twelve cents barrel.
In Maine the railways carry all farm
products to Boston, over larger average
haul than from Vermont, at less than
half the prices charged here. We cannot
encourage any one in Vermont to 60 into
orcharding, or into any sort of shipping
crop, other than butter, as long as all our
legislators, jurists, politicians, editors,
and even our ministers, are travelling on
free passes, or halffare tickets. When
we began newspaper work in Vermont We
for several years accepted these passes, as
no more than legitimate courtesy in re-
turn for the many otherwise gratuitous
favors which the press is constantly doing
the roads. But when we found that b
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
Wintering Bees.

"Mr. w. Chapman of Exeter, Name"
writes correspondent Of the Home Farm,
"wintered fifty-two colonies last winter,
without the loss of single colony. He
was not only successful the past winter,
but has been successful for number of
winters past. As l had the pleasure of
visiting Mr.. Chapman and helped him un-
pack quite number of colonies, perhaps
it would not be out place for me to give
an outline of his method of wintering.
He prefers, for all purposes, the chaff hive,
as manufactured by A. I. Root of Ohio,
but as portion of his bees are in sim
plicity and single walled hives, he makes
long bins, holding from four to six colo
MES, each set few inches apart, and
packed all around with chaff, with the
exception of small entrance. The snow
is kept away from the entrance all winter
and the entrance is contracted with a
piece of carpeting to about one inch in
ordinary winter weather, and, during the
extreme cold squalls, closed entirely, and
in mild weather opened wider. This may
look like small matter, but Mr.. Chap
man lays considerable stress upon look
ing after small things. He thinks sugar
syrup to be the safest feed for winter, but
last winter his bees had mostly natural
stores. Bees mostly hybrids and Italians. ,
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
eAarirnhuraL
III. HosKINs. Newport. VT. Editor.
Burnt Bones.

A New Boston IN. H) subscriber
writes "Can you give me information,
either from your own knowledge or the
experience of others, as to the value of
burnt bones, ashes and bean-meal, mixed
as you advised in one of your back num-
bers l tried little this season with az
parently good results, and If it really is
good thing could get lot for next seq
son." Well then, Subscriber" we advise
you 10 get it, by all means. We use meal
made from old, injured, or rejected beans,
for this purpose, but we believe that it
will pay to use even good beans as fer.
tilizer, when they can be had for S1,50, or
less, per bushel. But cotton-seed meal is
equally good, and can be had for about
one dollar bushel. Where beans are
hand-picked for market the rejected beans
are often to be had for less still. The
bones are collected and burnt in piles, by
the addition of a little wood, until they
are white. Then they can be pounded fine
Oh plhuk uOOf, Will u UlOCh VI uhTu-WoOuj
having an old broom-handle inserted in an
auger hole bored in one end, handling it
like psvior's hammer. Use coarse
seive to sift out the fine bone pounding
the coarser part again and again, until
nearly all will pass through meshes eight
to the inch. Mix a bushel of this with
four bushels of unlesched hardwood ashes
and two bushels Of bean or cotton-seed
meal. This is good dressing for one
third of an acre, applied broadcast and har-
rowed in. We use it for all crops, from
grass to onions, with entire success. In
a small way the bones can be burned in
the kitchen fire, few at time, and the
bone ash taken up with the other ashes.
In the spring pound and sift as above d.
rected, and add the proper proportion of
bean or cotton.seed meal. The proportion
of bone to ashes can be guessed at near
enough, when made in this way.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10

can always tell by these leaves near the
ground, full of holes, that the worms are
Matched. Suddenly they separate and dis
perse all over the bush, and in few days
grow to full size. There are 80 many of
them that they will clear off the foliage
in very short time. 1t is too late now
to do much good with poison. There is
very little left to put poison on. People
who come to my place and see the hun
dreds of large bushes, with all the leaves
perfect, always inquire how it is that l do
not have any worms-just as they also
ask why don't have any weeds. The
secret is very simple one. Before the
hower-buds of the currant have opened
the foliage is we'll sprinkled with poison,
mixed in water and applied by sprinkler.
The man goes around with barrel of
water on astone-boat, and pail of the he'll
lebore (pure and genuine, without regard
to cost, and, putting a heaping large
spoonful into the sprinkler (holding two
gallons), yours in little water and shakes
it well to mix the poison. Then the
sprinkler is filled with water, and care is
taken to wet every leaf on the bush. This
is few days before the worms hatch and
when they come out, if the work is prop
erly done, they rarely live to leave their
native leaf. 1t is a mistake about their
breeding every three weeks. There is
sometimes second brood, but these will
not be numerous enough to do harm if
the first brood has all been killed. There
is another native worm, span-worm or
looper, that attacks the currant, and is
often mistaken by careless observers for
the European species of which we are
speaking. But these are rarely numerous
enough to do much BARN.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10

eastern seaboard at an sstonishingly low
cost, and the facilities for this transporta-
ton are now so perfect that comparatively
little is lost to their owners by the death
of the cattle or wastage in their weight.
And yet, in spite of all these advantages,
beef is sold in our markets at more than
double the price 1t fetched when the sup
ply Of meat was obtained from cattle
raised in the immediate vicinity Of this
city, upon relatively high-priced land, aud
under conditions which made cattle-rais-
ing an always costly, and sometimes pre-
carious, occupation. Given the conditions
we have Just set forth, and the ordinary
reader would take it for granted that beef
would have much lower market price
now in this city than it had forty or fifty
years ago. And yet one has only to turn
to the market records to find that what was
reasonably expected has not occurred,
but that, instead, the consumers have not
in the least benefited by the extraordinary
facilities which these new methods of
transportation have provided. What has
been said of beef will, in certain ways,
hold good of other articles of daily coz
sumption, though in some of these no in
CTbd6b mas Decu IL OuO
those in the trade for the purpose of find
ing out why it is that these disadvanta
geous changes have taken place, he will
probably be told that it is entirely due to
the increased demand that this has much
more than kept pace with production, and
on this account has prevented any marked
reduction in price. 1t may be admitted
that there is some truth in this assertion,
but at best it is only half truth. Proba-
bly,, per capita, there is much more beef
consumed by the citizens of Boston tnan
was consumed by the residents of this city
half a century ago. 1t may also be true
that the desire generally evinced to pur-
chase parts of each carcass, to the exclu-
sion of other portions, has had tendency
to increase the price on those parts most
in demand. Preferences of this kind for
any special article invariably add to its
market value; but, after admitting all
this, it must still be said that these expla-
nations are not in themselves sufficient to
account for the existing condition of
things. 1t is obvious that the demand for
beef cannot be in advance of the supply,
when each week hundreds, and sometimes
thousands, of cattle are shipped from this
port to Great Britain"
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10

the roads they we're considered as brides,
we ceased to take them. 1t is the free
pass that gives the corporation man.
ayers their strongest bulwark against e.
forms, which would in the end benefit the
legitimate interests OF the owners of the
roads as much as it would benefit the
people. We believe the people are begin
ming really to understand these facts, and
that they will soon be as adverse to elect.
ing free-pass men as they now are to
electing tax-dodgers to office. How would
Glow Freights and Low Taxes, but nc
Passes," do for rallying cry among the
farmers Of New England
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
AppIe Batter.

In the West and South this preparation
is seen upon every farmers table, and has
large sale in the cities. Properly made
il keeps well. The following directions
for its manufacture may interest our
readers Thorough cooking for a long
time, over slow fire, is the main point,
care being taken to prevent burning.
Cider made from sweet apples will make
better article but If it cannot be OBJ
tanned common cider can be used. Take
the cider as it runs from the press, before
any fermentation has taken place, and
boilit down in a tin or copper boiler (uever
use iron) until it has evaporated fully one
half while it is boiling all the scum that
rises must be carefully removed, and as
soon as it is thick enough add quantity
of good tart apples, pared and cut into
quarters, taking out all the cores. Fill
the boiler half full of the quarters. Keep
up slow but steady fire, and be very
careful to stir the apples every few mo-
ments, to prevent them from sticking to
the bottom and sides of the kettle. When
the apples have boiled about fifteen min
utes and have settled down little, add
more, until the boiler is quite full enough
now cook to pulp stirring it almost con-
tinually. When it is finished, showing
no whole piece, but all one mass of pulp,
turn it into jars or firkins, and let it cool ;
cover it and store it in cool place. 1t can
be seasoned with spices, while cooking or
afterward; ground cinnamon and cloves
are the best suited as a Aavoring. One
and half bushels of apples, after they
are pared and quartered, are enough for
one barrel of older before it is boiled
down.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
Transportation.

"The success or failure of special crops
often turns upon the cost of transporta-
ton, and it would seem as much to the
interests of railway managers to encour-
age traffic as to the producers to market
their produce. Yet corporate greed fire..
quently kills the goose that lays the
golden egg. 1t is said that in consequence
of an advance of $40 car the shipment
to western cities of wstermelons from
Georgia (two thousand and four hundred
carloads last Year, will not foot up more
than one Thousand carloads this season."
So says the Homestead.
This short-sighted folly of transporta-
ton companies exists in New England as
well as elsewhere. The railroads of Yer
mont, holding their franchises from the
people of the state, treat its leading
interest with utter disregard, not to say
contempt. Reaching out after through
traffic (Which may offer more profits to
the managers, whose private interests are
often at war with the interests of stock
and bondholders, as we'll as of the people),
the home interests and local traffic are
sacrificed, and the progress and prosperity
of the state seriously impaired. The
leading line in the state has taken millions
of dollars out of the hands of confding
stock and bondholders, which has been
utterly lost, and it has never fulfilled any
of the rightful expectations Of the people
for such accommodation as would develop
our agricultural and other home interests
Why these roads have been kept at work
in the interest of this through traffic, thai
has never afforded dollar for dividends
or for interest on debts, while the domes
tic rates of transportation have been prohib
itory on the very products whirled across
the state at no profit to the roads and il
direct competition with the home pro
auctions which they were ostensibly
chartered and built TO foster, who knows
or, knowing, dsres to tell ? The state O.
New Jersey was long called the State o
Camden & Amboy," because its legis
lature was owned by that railway corpora
ton. The state of Vermont has had als'
to bear blame and endure much obloqu.
on a similar account, without reapinl
any of the benefits to which her people ar
entitled from cheap transportation.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
A Beef Monopoly.

The Boston Cultivator is very strenu-
ously fighting the western dressed beef
trade, in behalf of the Boston butchers,
but the Boston Herald looks upon the
matter in another light. Buyers of beef
cattle in Vermont are all the time telling
the farmers that they must sell low, in or
der to compete with western beef. But
the high prices of beef at retail, in Bos-
ton, are still kept up. Says the Herald:
"Cattle are pastured in the free lands
of the West and Southwest, where no ex.
pense is needed for fencing and housing,
and where few men can manage herds
of thousands. They are brought to the
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
r WARREN BAILEY's ESTATE.

-. STATE OF VERMONT, Washington District, S.
In Probate Court held at Montpelier in said District
on the 26th day OF August, A. D. 1884:
John L. Mason Administrator of the estate OF j. War
rem Bailey, late OF Montpelier, in said District, de-
ceased presents his administration account for exam
nation and allowance. Whereupon, 1t Ia ordered by
said Court that said account be referred TO session
thereof be held at the Probate Office In said Mont
peer the 18th day of September A. D. 1854 for hear
ing and decision thereon; And 1t Is further ordered
that notice hereof be given TO all persons interested by
publication of the three weeks successfully in the
Vermont Waterman Il State Journal newspaper pub
shed Montpelier, previous 10 said time appointed for
hearing, that they may appear at said time and place
and show cause, If any they may have why said &C
count should not be allowed.
BY the CoHrt.-Attest,
63-65 A. c. AvERILL, Register.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
rI,IMOTHY j. HuBBARp,s ESTATE.

In Probate Court held at Montpelier in said District,
on the I'd day of September, A. ID. 1884
+. p, Jewett and George W Reed, Executors OF the
last win and Testament of Timothy d. Hubbard. late
of Montpeiier in said District, deceased, present
their administration account for examination and al
lowance and make application for a decree of dis
tbuton and partition OF the estate OF said deceased
whereupon, 1t is ordered by said Court that said
account and said application be referred TO session
thereof, 10 be held at the Probate Office In said
Montpelier the I'D day OF September, A. ID.
1884 for hearing and decision hereon and IA further
ordered that notice hereof be given 10 all persons inter
ested, by publication OF the three weeks success
svey In the Vermont Waterman & State Journal a
newspaper published at Montpelier, previous TO said
time appointed for hearing, that they may appear AT
said time and place, and show cause, any they may
have why said account should be allowed, and such
decree made. By the Court-Attest
6i6e A. @. AvERlLL Register.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
SAMUEL +. MAooMgER,s ESTATE:

-
The undersigned, having been appointed by the Hon.
orable Probate Court for the District Of Washington
Commissioners, to receive examine, and adjust all
Of Samuel s. Macomber late of East Montpelier in said
District deceased, and all claims exhibited in offset
thereto, hereby give notice that will meet for the
purposes aforesaid at the County Clerks 0ce in Mont
pelier In said District the 3ls day of october and
18th day of February next from nine o'clock until
three o'clock p. NJ, each Of said days and that six
months from the lst day of September A. D. 1884, ia the
time limited by sad Court for said creditors 10 present
their claims to us for examination and allowance:
Dated at Montpelier this lat day OF September A. Dl3Sf
$. G. SHURTLEFF,l Com,nissLoners
1886 M. M. CUTLER, COMMISSIONER
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
IRENA SHOWS EsTATE.

= =
In Probate Court. held Montpelier, In said District,
on the LIST day of September, A. ID. 1884
Clark King Administrator of the estate OF lrena SNOW,
late OF Middlesex said District deceased presena his
supplementary administration account for examination
and allowance and makes application for supplement
Ty decree OF distribution and partition OF the estate Of
said deceased. Whereupon II Ia ordered by said Court,
thai said account and said application be referred to
thereof to be held at the Probate once In said
MONTPELIER on the 9th day OF Sept A. D. 1884 for hear
ing and decision thereon. And, II is further ordered,
that notice hereof be given 10 all persons Interested,
by publication OF the three weeks successfully in
the Vermont Watchman a State Journal, Il newspaper
published Mt Montpelier previous 10 said time APP
pointed hearing that they appear at said time
and place and show cause II any they may have, why
sAd account should not be allowed, and such decree
made. by the Court-Auest
64-66 A. c. AYERILL, Register.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
IRA GRAY'S ESTATE.

Il STATE OF VEKMONT, washington DstfIct, "a.
In Probate Court held at Montpelier in and for said
District, on the 23d day of August A. ID. 1884
An instrument purportng to be the last VIII and Tes
lament of Ira Gray, late of Planheld, in said Dis
rict deceased being presented to the Court by Wes
ley A. Gray, the Executor therein named for Probate
II ordered by said Court that all persons concerned
therein be notified to appear at session OF said Court
to be held at the Probate Office in Montpelier, on the
18th day of september A. d. 1884 and show II any
they may have against the Probate Of said will: for
which purpose it further ordered that notice OF this
mont Watchman b State Journal printed at Montpe-
ler, previous to said time appointed for hearing.
By the Court.-Attest,
1855 A. c. AVERILL. Register
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
DOBERT sEAvER,s ESTATE:

The undersigned having been appointed by the Hon
orable Probate Court for the District of Randolph,
Commissioners. to receive examine, and adjust all
claims and demands of all against the estate OF
Robert Seaver. late of Willamstown in said District
deceased, and all claims exhibited in Offset thereto
hereby give notice that will meet for the purposes
aforesaid at the late residence of Robert Seaver, on
the 9th day of September and 9th day Of December
next from o'clock until tour o'clock p NJ each
of said days and that six months from the 18th day Of
July A. ID. 1884, is the time limited by said Court for
said creditors their claims to us for examina-
ton and allowance.
Dated at Wliamstown this 2st day OF Aug, AID 1884.
o. :. WALKER, I cor,,,issonars
63-65 DAVID NJ. SMITH, COMMISSIONER
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
AINswoRTH,s ESTATE.

il STATE OF VERMONT, Washington District. ss.
In Probate Court held Montpelier in said District,
on the 9th day of August, A. d. 1884:
A. p Town, Administrator of the estate of Frederick
Answorth. late of Woodbury., in said District, de-
ceased presents his administration account for examina-
ton and allowance, and makes application for a
decree of distribution and partition of the estate Of
said deceased Whereupon It s ordered by said Court,
that said account and said application be referred TO
session thereof 70 be held at the Probate Ofce in
said Montpelier the 26h day Of Sept A. d. 1884, for
hearing and decision thereon And 1t Is further ordered
that notice hereof be given to all persons interested by
publication OF the three weeks successfully in the
Vermont Waterman d State Journal, newspaper pub
lshed at Montpelier previous 70 said time appointed for
hearing that they may appear at said time and place
should not be allowed and such decree made
BY the Court.-Attsst.
6l-66 A. c. AVERILL, Register
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
John H. HgNTER's ESTATE.

- STATE OF W AsnlnBtOn Dlstrlct, So
In Probate Court held at Montpelier In and for said
District on the LIST day OF September, A. ID. 1854:
Samuel j. Dana, Administrator OF the estate OF
John ii. Hunter, late of FAyston, In said District
deceased application to said Court for license to
sell all OF the real estate of said deceased situated in
said Fayson, TO witt The right, title and interest OF
said deceased in the home place, being homestead
interest," representing that the sale thereof would be
beneficial 10 the widow said deceased Whereupon, II
ordered by said Court that said application be referred
session thereof, TO be held at the Probate ONCE In
said Montpelier the 9th day OF September AID 1884
for hearing and decision thereon and Ia further ordered
that all persons interested be notified hereof by pubca
ton notice of said application and order thereon hret
weeks successfully in the Vermont Waterman STATE
Journal, a newspaper published at Montpelier. and
which crculates In the OF those interested
before said time of hearing that they may appear At said
time and place and II they cause object thereto.
By the Court.--Attsst
64-66 A. G. AVERILL Register
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-09-10
DANIEL CARR's ESTATE.

~ COMMISSIONERS NOTICE.
The undersigned, having been appointed by the Honor
able Probate Court for the District Of Washington Com
missones. to receive examine and adjust all claims and
demands of all persons against the estate of Daniel
Carr, late Of Montpelier in said District, deceased,
and all claims exhibited in offset thereto. hereby give
notice that will meet FOR the purposes aforesaid at
Gordon & Gary's office, in Montpelier, on the 2sth
day of September and 23d lay Of February next from
nine o'clock until five o'clock each of said
days and that six months from the 26h day Of August
D. 1884, is the time limited by said Court for said credit
TO present their claims TO for examination and al
lowance.
Dated at Montpelier. this 21h day of August A D. 1884
E. d. PUTNAM, corro,ss,o,aro
6i.66 ORRIN DALEY COMMISSIONER