The Brookhaven leader. [volume] (Brookhaven, Miss.) 1883-1891, 1884-02-14
Orders Of Chivalry.

the various sovereigns and States OF
this modern world. The United States
almost alone are missing from the list.
Even the little Republic of San Marino
has its order of chivalry, established by
the Sovereign Grand Council, and our
''sister republics of South America are
abundlntly provided with means for the
decoration of most distinguished in
their internal conflicts. The parent of
all the knightly orders, of course, is
the Sovereign Order of St. JOIN of
Jerusalem. that half mystic organiza-
ton which took its origin at the Hos
pital of St. John, founded at Jerusalem
in l,0iS, in the monastic order estab-
lished there, and was confirmed in lib
by Pope Pascal III. In LIS the con-
gregation o. Hospitallers was converted
into an order OF religious knighthood by
the Grand Master, Raymond de Puy,
and confirmed as such in 1,120 by
CalIxtus 4. From 1,3O9sthe Knights
of St. John called themselves Knights
of Rhodes and after $50 Knights of
Malta. and the history of the order dur
ing all this period is full of romance.
After the death of the Grand n aSter,
Fra Tomassi di Cortoni, in 1905, until
the year 1879 the order was admins
tered by a Lieutenant of the Grand
Magistracy and by Consul residing at
Rome, but in the year named the
ancient dignity of the Grand Master
was re-established. The Order of the
Holy Sepulcher, of contemporary origin,
is now attached to the Latin Patriarch.
ate of Jerusalem.
tbiS nnSp,nnpliton nr,lnt.
naturally turn to Spain to find the or
carnations which reach back FART est
into medi pval chivalry. The military
order of Calatrava was founded by the
King of Castillo, Sancho H., in lbs,
and that of Alcantara, known as the
Order of st. Julien, claims an origin
two years earlier, though not confirmed
by Iapal decree until 1l77. The great
military order of st. James of the Swo.d d
was confirmed by Alexander III. in ! 10.
and two years later was introduced by
Alphonso |. into Portugal, where the
same monarch had already established
the Order of st Benoit d AviZ, in 1862.
The other early spanish orders is that
of Notre Dame de'Montesa, founded by
James III. of Arragon in l3l6, and about
the same t me King Denis of Portugal
founded the Order of Christ, which was
confirmed in 1920 by Pope John XIII.
The origion of this order, whi h is for
personages of high rank, is supposed to
be connected with the ancient Order of
the Temple.
In chronological sequence the famous
Order of the Garter must be mentioned
next, assigning its origin TO Edwa d
. Al l.,
dates from Henry ~, 1899. The Scot
tish Order of the Thistle, according to
tradition, should 90 at the top of the
whole list, for it is said to have been
instituted in 7S1; but it will be safest to
give it the date of its reestablshment
by James V. in 1910. The Danish Or
der of Danebrog should also have been
mentioned earlier, since it ella ms de.
scent from Waldemar H., 1919, and the
Swedish Order of the Seraphim, found
ed by Magnus |. about 1860, and then
we come TO another of the great orders,
that of the Golden Fleece, founded by
Phillip the Good of Burgundy in 1929,
and whose collar is now the highest
honor that the Emperor of Austria can
bestOw. The Order of the Swan, estab-
lished by the ElectOr Frederick H., of
Prussia. in 144O, the Ravarian Order of
st. Hubert, the Danish Order o. the
Elephant and the Portuguese Order of
the Tower and Sword also date from
the fifteenth century.
After these few new orders were es-
tablished until the eighteenth century,
when they began to multiply rapidly,
but two or three famous orders come in
al ho nf hr wi
founded by Gustavus Vasa, of Sweden,
in 1922, and notably the Order of st.
Andrew, founded by Peter, of Russia,
in 1893. OF the younger orders, estab-
lished by various Princes for various
motives, there is not space to speak,
though it is necessary at least to men
ton one of the greatest of them all, the
Legion of Honor, founded by the consul
Bonaparte in 1902 and now the only Or
der officially recognized in France.
Contrasted with some of these ancient
monuments of chivalry, the little orde $
of the petty States and Principalities do
not escape the ridiculous. The Prince
of Monaco has founded the Order of
St. Charles, and there are no less than
three orders of chival y in Montenegro.
Ancient empires China, Japan, Persia
have established orders ON the Euro
pean plan; so has the Kingdom of
Hawaii, and the youngest order of all is
the African Order of the Redemption,
of Liberia.
The orders established for ladies de-
serve paragraph to themselves. We
find in the list. in Austria, the Order of
the Starry Cross, founded by Eleonora
Gonzaga, widow of the Emperor Ferdi-
nand H., in 1868; in Bavaria, the Or
ders of st. Elizabeth and Tn eresa; the
Imperial Order of the Crown of India,
establ shed by Victoria in 1873; the Or
der of st. Isabella, in Portugal; the Or
der of Louise, in Pruss a; the Order of
st. Catharine. in Russia, establisl ed by
Peter l., in IVA; the Order of Sidone,
of Saxony; the Order of olga, of Wur-
temburg, and finally, among those no
longer perpetuated, the short-lived Or
der of St. Charles, founded by the En-
peror Macmillan and the Empress
Charlotte of Mexico in 1865.-PhiIadeI.
phia Times.
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