New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1884-08-29
SCIENCE IN MONTREAL.
THE BRITISH ASSOCIATIONS WORK.
INTERESTING PRoCREDiNGs-THE ADDRESSES
LARGE ArTENDANCE-gNGLIsH TRAITS
lBY TELEGRAPH THE TRIBUNE.l


| MONTREAL, Aug. 2S.-Eight sections of the
British Association held simultaneously this
afternoon various university buildings, and In Synod
Hail. The argest audience assembled IN the Chemistry
section but the most spirited and intere ting meetings
were those OF the economic aud geology sections. The
president OF each section read an elaborate address,
which was followed by the presentation OF papers and
general discussion Procsedngs conductei m'inly
by English scientists; sections economic ADD
geoo neal, preference was gvento Canaiian ana Amer
lean representatives Ladies present IN Tar num-
ber and the audiences apparently were d erv hter
ested the erude papers an clos y reasone1 speeches
which taxed their power OF attention. Ihe hhghsh
c aracte OF the sessions betOkened b. the serious
ness with which the proceedings were followed the
onous OF the speakers and the frequent
recurrence OF the natl ma eecllaton, " Hearl hearI
GREAT BRIrAINs EXTENT AID RESOURCES.
The presidents address, In the economic elton. was
delivered by Richard Temple OF the brightest or
nameuts OF the civil service IA India II a summary
OF general statistics Of the British Empire ami was
calculated 20 briug flush Of honest pr to every Brit
on's face IN the hall 1t dcyere with energy and
dignity " manner, and wae wing m evidence Of Mr.
Glad. d.tones power OF making figures pictorial was In
teresng from sharpness with which The aos were
pre ufed AMI the tersenes with which they were COM
pressed into welghty sentencts The stalls les we're
gronped under three general headings. area popu uon
and the works OF dsp aged In TINS vast theatc oi
acton. Ihs OF the British Empire was estimated Az
ten millions Of IN les one-hfth o tn haD taDe
gloDe wit line OF 800 mi cs The total pop
ulnon IN On 'ty indirectly under Brit
lsh control was computei at 313.OWODl Of all religions
and natonalties To these figures were add "a statl$
te. relating to public revenue, taxation, military de-
(, nces naval armam nt., shippn banknA m'hhI'cI
ur - public works palperism, elucaon anl halohal
industry and institutions. An immen-e mass OF
information was compressed within the limits
OF the address. occupying AN hohr In de-
livery; and oomplrsons were made win the
United States and European countries In SPIRIT OF
can1or and fairness For example, the speaker "d'ted
that The aggregate British national indusr - wa7 be-
ginning to a btnd that of the United stateS and that
regarding thrift the grow savings banks In England
WIS only moderately great being much less thaa IN
America
EDWARD ATKINSON DISCUSSES WAGES.
At the close OF ad ires al congratu ttoy adj
dra.ses were made aft r which T. warl Atkinson, OF
Boston, read paper entitled what makes the rate OF
WAGES" This Was tn. cGef OF the session, being
delivered in an ncisive manner, and being followed by
| long and most interesting discussion VT AtSinHoh
began by referring 10 the enormous circulate of Henry
Georges book Eur lpe and America and the necessity
~ rehItg the conclusions which clouding the In
elgence OF the work NJ class in drawing attention to
| + distribution Of ,nua product. He asked whether
II was true that the rich were growing
| richer and the poor poorer, as Henry George
assumes. He demon -trated that the proportion OF
wage earuers 10 employers - TO l. AID ater touc
/ o
tended that labor and capital combine to produce the
animal product of Industry aud the ia't analysis
charact det the Of wage' he assumed thhs
In the Uni ed tate. the txmum rate oI poAt on cap
al does d 10 cent and that the o'erwelm-
ing mass Of annual profit shared by those d peuhg ON
work for subsistence. lie hat the relative snare
OF wagc.earucrs must be determined by the competition
OF the laborer with lahorer Their share was the IN
crenaing par iucrcs ing pro uct In th' long run
the wage-earners lst 90 per cent o! the annual
product Higl wages were equivalent 10 low olHt of
production low implied gh cost o. production
These points Mr. Atkinson lu rated most fore My one
mans 'ab1r IN Winnipeg or Dakota gave hin an annual
surplus of 900 barrels OF -four 10 send o market De
| iycrod iu New-Yor, the aJur represented ioir mems
labor r one year; baked nD broad It rep e"uted eyen
mems annual labor aId t would feed 1.o0) m fer
one year Thi. AMI kindred facts el him som't'mes 10
think that Mr. Vanderbilt was the c.ief commun At oi
tho day sin hc had saved dollar for h4 fe'lIw men
for every cent he mad through the con-oIdation Of
! trat sportatbn Mr. Atkinson gave the rrsu Of the
m1uufic or cotton sh eng I'm the Uned states dur.
ing MY years. show hat for thi fabric ~a.es had
increased "a per cent that the cost to consumers had
diminished % per cont and th' proportion OF pro mad
fallen of 90 nf The profits I'm msruf turing worO
only one alf what thy were nf years ago. aud. " ie
were advancing Mr. Atkinson In c sing n,td cri lc sun
EVGit>H VIEWS OF ms PAPER.
TIa ulpcr WIS dacu 4ed hy Nj Martin, c'rctarv of
the Lcndcn snti.t,al -od ~. and Professor foSwcl.
of Cambridge Uuiyer.ity The latter agreed with the
author on most points aud referred to General walkers
book ON wnscs as having produced profound impress
sion IN London. he favored monopoi'. ~ hatin1
prov. II % gfcI.cs. uu,ahl" advantage 'u Ln.lihl hw
cont ndrl thnt there mu-i pr some system regulating
them by State 0r municipal action tie 81 'd lh' Hipiy
lns ,ociiHn ana Ealiwfi Commission o. lIl ifailnn1
swiro smith. moving the p'bicaron ~ Alr Ailn-oni
parcr gave the .uliso .i9 nq1i'c. ht '"m lHn nhr
Vnfion. Couniies. DoyiI chadwick. cotton unnnfao.
rsss di.sent.ng lrom Mr. \ kln-o's ,lnslons -
gaIdlug thc Whole aub'cti nom ih' hnil"a 'hg, on my
X "a cuubna ION that mad" the rate Of wages
The combination Of caP,ia,l'S ana ,,,l, o2mOha,
" Iha snseIvcn 4,pcrs read In this section the
+ birmingham stewart, Thomas u Tins aud " Donf.
lass all connected with savings Institutions iu tho
Dominion Of Canada.
CHEMISTRY. nlotoGY. ANp MAtnrNATfos
IN the chemical section tho presidents address was
delivered by sr llouy uneld tioaooe. IN tho aru'fd
progress NJ hat solrnrH since Ha lIo affirmed ihai The
Angpsatos race. Notwithstanding Tho mtitl ~ oer-
man laboratories. VIA keepns pace with tho world aud
thaf Interest ~ aud desire for scientific training arc
rapidly spreading throughout the "pfhlhs population "
ho thought, we're mo'ng 10 iaha theif snare 81 thr nms
Nhirh ms h inta hoeh ihf - tpmpnirb n"hn thrla
this seedon Included many ntioan professional
studies. BY Professor ~sleott dihhs whs On Coup
MEX Inorganic acia" another by A. NrfnOn liafc0nft
Was example OF chemical equilibrium oihrf parefs
10y H. H. Dixon and Proi ssor LlFring were
on gaseous combustion aud speorosc1pc studies OF eK
plOson ..,
In tue biology srcllOn tht pft sltnlr huuttss Was
delivered by Professor H. NMoss ey, Of the Unyersityof
oxford. II related To The phenomena ~ peioagc an
deep life, In icn hc was personally IN crested ON
long rti1pati0n Ia actual research during the s<a
Of the Chal II was deeply interesting paper 10
markable for lucldY OF express It, clef conclusion
that all modern ltoral forms capable Of adapt
ing themselve To MS conditions oi deep sea ne ana ia
from ittOra fauna gradual migration must have taken
place deep although mis- probably dd not oc
cur hi cons derabie pressure brought TO bear
them by the struggle for existence. Further since q
lar share esent food Of deep Sc animals i de
rfyr from debris life must have DecOm- abundant
In the ntOra before there could have been sufficient
food supply the -eper regions adjoining II. Papers
were read In tns section by G. spence Cate r. Herbet
Carpenter, W. j. SOllas. d. H. Hone, aud Professor
Moseey, all subjects connected with biology In the