davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
New York Money Market

New YoRK, November 8.-Monev
~ O. 2, closed offered 1.
Prime mercantile paper, to s.
Sterling exchange bankers bills.
quiet, 1881.
Sterling exchange demand. 81.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
Thin People.

Wells Health Remover restores
health and vigor, cures Dyspepsis, Inn
potence, Sexual Debility. 81.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
Western Stocks.
SAN FRANeIsco, November ;.

Sax Francisco, November S.-The Sill
yer King Mining company s dividend of
p cents per share, payable on the 18TH,
has been declared.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

'FUtah. Past, Present and Future, y is
admitted to be the best lecture ever pre-
pared about Utah.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
salt Lake City, Utah.

An institution Of iris kind Il sadly needed in the
West, and IL Is the Intention OF DR.. Foot DR.. that
THIS inStlEt ton shall bG sBcYE REPRO Oh in sill
Respects, ana become the most renowned n the
bit an experienced and reliable Specialist viii he
HAILED WITH JOY By the unprciudiced and
tn gG4tful Public.
Alter graduating at Tire best schools o. medicins
AineTi 4 affords, and visiting various European
colleges and hospitals anu being qualified BY spec
iai study and practice. and re Giving the best ad-
vie and Instructions rom the most eminent spec
sahst III the East, DR.. Foot ,lr., has become Won
dCTfuy skilled aId with his CREST preparation
and improved instruments, new vegetable uiedl-
cineS aud by ghe aid OF tensiVe ClcCrr al RpDli-
an Is and batteries, Electrical Turkish Medicated
and Natural, Mineral, Hot Springs Baths. and the
remarkable waters Of tabs Salt Lake sDd bezuti-
fIll. b8lMy climate. ne is enabled 20 cure the vast
majority of those diseases and dcfOrnties hereto
fore deemed incGraDle and Usually given uD by the
family physician. all forms OF Head and Throat
diseases such as CGtzrrh. TOnsiliris PhaTyngitis.
L,tryngiris. Trscheitis, Bronchitis. Asthma. ct All
STO3iA II, LIVER and KIDNEY DISEASES.
8 ch - Dyspepsia. Indigestion. Constipation. Diz-
zines. HEADACHES, Diabetes LAME and WEAK
BACKS. etc. a II Bladder. Reetum and SEXUAL
DISEASES, PiElples, BlOtches and Blackheads,
DESIGNATIONS, etc, entirely removed. RHEU-
hATisM in all stages. Ne ralgia Oi long standing
ali Brain. NERVOUS, DebilitSting and Blood dis
eases and offers 50 90 for test case OF any form
Of J PILLS that ne r8nnOt CO RECOMPIEFELT
Heart Disease. Fits. SEIIN AL W All y FsSS. Ton
Drppsy, etc Cancers ard HEMORIsffO Us. OF all
Kinds removed speedily without knife. pain or
blood. All diseases OF the Feet, IngrOYiBg Malta
BaniODs. ct All diseases Of the EYE and EAR
treated with skill and equal 70 any oculist and
aUrist In the world. Opthalmia. GFannlstiOns etc
DEAFNE SS. OttOrhCea and all affections OF ths
ear cured. Tape Worms removed in three hours
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
Consumers Pleasant Valley Coal
Notice

Having been advised of some mis-
representatio we desire to say that
Mr.. A. L. Williams is not in our en-
ploy nor in the employ of the Pleasant
Valley Coal Company since September
30th; and that the Coal he is now sell
ing is not the old Pleasant Valley Coal.
The coal mine is owned and worked by
the Utah Central Railroad Company. 1t
is in the Pleasant Valley District. The
report in the Chronicle of the 5th inst.
to contrary notwithstanding. 60 g..
REMINGTON, JOHNSON g. Co.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
Fort Douglas.

lie open-air concert by the regimen
'@l band Of the Sixth Infantry viii be
eln At $50 O'Clock this afternoon. The
pr ncipal musician, EMr Cushing, will
conduct the performances on the occa
SION, when will be presented the follow
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
Noble, Wood & Co.,


the only Hatters in Salt Lake City, on
the corner south of HERALD. They
carry the largest and hnest stock Go, OF
Agents of the Celebrated Youman
Hats. acknowledged to be the most
popular Hat.worn in New York and al
and finest line of Stetson's and other
manufacturers. BY buying the YOU
man you get the Latest and Correct
Style.
? You CANNOT spend the evening better
than nv extending r. W.Sloan's lecture
on Monday night. Admission 25e- and
Soc.
CARPETS of latest designs and lowest
prices, at
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

A LARcE assortment of Wall Papers
and Fall Carpets, at II. Dinwoodey's
Furniture Rooms. af*
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
SUNDAY SERVICES.

CKURcH OF JESUS CERIsr OF LArTER-DAY
SAINrs.-Salt Lake Stake Of Zion, Angus
NJ. Cannon, president; Joseph E. Tay-
lOr and Charles w. PenrOse, cOunsellOrs.
Services in the Tabernacle at p: m.
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. = Usual
services at Il; preaching by the acting
pastor; Rev. d. l.. Leonard. Subject:
"Signs OF the Highest Spiritual State. -
At the close Of the sermon a meeting
will be held TO hear u report from the
cemln:ttee on pastor. and to take ac-
ton. L tuH attendance is desired OF
members Of both church and society.
BAPTIST CHURCH.-Dr. III. q. De Witt,
pastor. Services ut IL am. and 80 p IN.
Young peoples meeting III $50 pm.
Subject at night: A Revelation OF
Righteous Judgment III are invited.
PLYMOUTH CoxCnEGA TIoaAL.-Rey. ].
Ii. Kyle pastor. Presiding at II !. IN.
by ReY. NJ Nelson. Sabbath school at
t215 pm. Prayer meeting ON Friday
evening at 80. Everybody welcome.
strangers especially.
METHODIST CHURCH. - Third South
Street, near Main. Preaching at II AIN.
by Rev. Or. Jackson, III Fort Douglas.
at 80 pm. Young peoples meeting
at 6.45 Preaching by Rev. q. NJ. JEFF
FRY 1T 80. Seats free. Friends aud
visiting strangers invited.
OLD ANp Young are alike interested in
tab. hence all should attend the lee
ture or Monday night.
f n.Hrnc.
Go 70 the lecture Monday night
"UrAH, Past, Present and Future, "
on Monday night at the theatre. z
Il. ". SLOAN will deliver his noted lee
ture at the Theatre on Monday evening.
READ PREsT. W. WooDRUFF's note ON
Utah, Past, Present and Future, to
be delivered at the Theatre on Monday
night
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

LEARN something about your own
country, past, present and future, by
the lecture on Monday night.
25c and SOC.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
New York Wool.

New YORK, November s. Wool
Quiet; steadily held.
Domestic feeces ................ 80 O 70
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

READ PREsT. W. WooDRUFF's note ON
" Utah, Past, Present and Future, to
be delivered at the Theatre on Monday
night.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
bullion.

New YORK. November Bar silver.
1881.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
Petroleum.

Money, stocks, Grain and Cattle
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

Meeting the Emergency.
Best xxx Flour at $500 per hun
dred at
G. F. CgLMEB & Bios.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

New YogK, November s. Petroleum
steady 70.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
COMMERCIAL.
Tlo88,

EASTERN MARKETS..
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

Brook Trout, at Price d Gives
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
Eau andWinter

Overcoats of the latest designs at moder-
ate prices at NJ. H. LIPNAN's.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
OvercOnts.
Remember

that N. III. Lipman manufacture all his
goods, and therefore can undersen his
competitors.
All the Latest Fall and Winter styles
in ready made Clothing can be found at
.t II. III. LIPMAN's.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
DIR. FOOT. JR.,
(OF NEW YORK.
AUSher, Lecturer AID Americas
Greatest Specialist.

the Doctor, believing that the Great West
viii. In the near future, dsva:op INTO = pom.
Ions and wealthy cOun'Iy, hss decided to locate
permanently, end 10 e,t2bIish the most com
plefe MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TNSTI-
TUTE IN America st
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

OLD ANp Young are alike interested in
[ tab, hence all should attend the lee
ture or Monday night.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

Il. ". SLOAN will deliver his noted lee
ture at the Theatre on Monday evening.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09
aorning Railroad Stocks.

New YoRk, November s.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

UTAH, Past, Present and Future, .
on Monday night al the Theatre.
The Salt Lake herald. [volume] (Salt Lake City [Utah]) 1870-1909, 1884-11-09

tfsf 1ff COR
Go 70 the lecture Monday night
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05
This Stock is Perpetually Unasses
sable.

The stock Is at present In the hands Of Col y
=. Hewitt, who may be seen at his office at tn,
New Depot
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

THERE are many men yet living who
will see England Democratic country,
unless all the significant signs of the
times fail. 1t is not an extreme PROPOSE
tion to say that, before the present CEN
tury has drawn to close, this event
will be chronicled. The marching of a
hundred thousand people, the other
day, through London streets, with a
demand emblazoned on their banners for
the abolition OF the House OF Lords, on
account of that body's opposition to an
extension OF the suffrage which would
add couple of millions of people to the
voting class in England is really but the
beginning OF the end. OF an earlier stage
Of English politics those of fifty years
ago-M Macaulay remarked that the people
turned out in riotous assemblage, the
troops were called out, score or so of
the masses were killed, the rioters were
dispersed, but what they had demanded
was almost Immediately conceded to
them. The people have become so pow
erful that they have passed, and forever,
this stage of their emancipation from a
very calling thralldom in the United
Kingdom. No English ministry would
to-day dare to order the troops to fire
upon Britons in purely political agita.
tion. Such an action would be followed
by storm of popular indignation which
might wreck them, Queen, Lords and
Commons. The world moves, in Eng
land as elsewhere, and the British
powers and principalities move with it.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05
Carpenters and Joiuers

AT meeting of the Carpenters and
Joiners Union, No. SO, OF this city, last
Saturday, the following resolutions were
unanimously adopted;
"Whereas the time has now arrived
when the Union should take some
definite steps to secure the object OF the
organization of the |. C. A. shortning tn q
hours Of labor, and fixed standard OF
wages.
therefore, be it resolved that q
Committee OF two be appointed to con.
vass the City and secure pledge
from the various Contractors,
Builders aud Mill owners, that on and
after the 10th day of August 1883, they
shall consider nine hours to be lawful
days work for the carpenters and the
Joiners in their employ, whether belong
ing to the Union or not.
''And be ii resolved that to settle the
fluctuating price of labor, and give
employers and contractors a basis of
calculation, the committee being also
charged to make demand for minimum
standard of wages of So so per day oi
nine hours.
"And be it further resolved that
Union No. 56 pledges itself to all employ
ers who will sign this agreement to make
no demand upon them for an increase OF
pay or diminution Of hours for the space
OF one year.
"And be 1t resolved that the commit.
tee report to the meeting two weeks
hence when the Union will take the
proper steps to ratiiy the measure, and
take action upon the report.
Signed: w. G. MGDoSALD,
Recording Secretary.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

We nro pleascd to note momentary
halt In the stream Of personal vitupera-
tion, founded UPON his purely private
life, which was being poured out against
Governor Cleveland. Doubtless the
more nagacious lenders Of tho Republi.
can party have passed tho word along
Shat this campaign of merely private
malice and defamation Is mistake.
Whatever may be the cause of the change
We welcome II as the sign Of better
era in our politics. While no journal
can control the news sent to II by tele.
graph, the HERALD will steadily frown
down all assaults made upon Mr..
Blaine's private character. We know 1t
b good because we know that be stands
well amongst his neighbors. No man
>oan live in any community for years and
years, and be continuously elected by
them to exalted and responsible Office,
unless tho balance Of his individual char.
acter and his local example as we'll Ia on
the aide Of good. We apply this rule
impartially both TO Cleveland and Blaine.
The public record Of both is the logiti.
mate subject Of discussion. Our op'
ponents are welcome to make the
most they can OF Governor Cleve'
lsnd's vetoes, and we claim the right to
comment lnercilessly upon Mr.. Blaine's
relations to corporations mud upon his
peculiar Jingo antics while he was Gar
fields Secretary Of State. A man may
commit peccadllo now and then. in
private life, without being monster;
and, as q matter of fact, the most
lovable people in all history are those
who have shown themselves to be, to
certain extent, sinners. Even Christ an
nouncod the purpose OF his coming to be
not to save tho just but sinners. Mac
aulay, in one Of his luminous essays, very
nicely caught the precise adjustment of
this delicate subject by saying that the
vices of Charles James Fox would have
been the virtues of other men eminent
In English political history. Even the
august George Washington was fond of
his cock fight and occasional oath; the
latter, on the authority Of Thomas jeff.
erson and others, sometimes rising to the
vehemence OF rank blasphemy. The at
tempt to asperse the private character Of
public men reminds us of the austere
and hypocritical role attempted to be
played by the Federalist clergy of New
England, which was direct inheritance
from their predecessors, who were tho
authors OF the famous Blue Laws, and
who gave to the inimitable Hawthorne
the theme of his unsurpassnble Scarlet
Letter. We are glad to see the hounds
of private slander arrested thus carly in
the day, and we hope that they will be
leashed and returned to their kennels.
Great national parties should disdain
such vile agencies, which. after all, hurt
instead Of advancing q cause. As far as
this despicable game has been played it
has made votes for Cleveland.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05
Rasn In the north.

SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 4.-The rainfall
here to-day amounted to three hun
dredths Of an inch. There were also
light showers in the vicinity, in some in.
stances, accompanied by thunder.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05
REMARKS AND coADIT TIoNs.

All trotting r,,ss are the les. three In five, ex.
cepting race W. 4. which Il a mile and repeat
five to enter and three to stat. But tho Boat
reserves the right 10 hold less number than
five to I'LL, by the withdrawal Of proportionate
amount OF the purse; but IN no event will race
be considered iilled without three bona fde en-
tries. Entrance FED. ten per cent. on purse, on
both trotting Hnd running races. to accompany
nomination.
Natioual Association rules to govern trotting,
but the Board reserves the right to trot heats OF
any two classes alternately, II necessar ry to finish
any days racing, or to tiot q special race be-
tween heats. A horse making aalk-oyer shall
be entitled only to tho entrance money paid In.
When less than the required number OF starters
appear, they may contest for the entrance money,
to be divdei as follows: 663 to the first aud 33s
to the second.
In all races. entries not declared out by 6p.
N. OF the day preceding the race, shall be re-
quired TO start.
When the 10 more than one entry by one
person or In one interest, the particular horse
they arc to start must be named at dP. N. OF
the day preceding the race. No added money
paid for walk
Except as otherwise specified, running races
will be conducted under the rules Of the Pacific
Coast Blood Horse Association.
Mons starters in running races will be held for
entr n e, und, rule
Racing co or. to be amed in entries
In trotting races drivers viii be required 10
wear caps OF distinct celors which must be named
In their entries.
Entries to all the above races (except fixed
events) to close with the Secretary on Saturday,
September 9th, 1884.
No record made by horse after August 9th.
1884 shall be a bar to any OF the above races.
L. j. Roses horse La Grange is barred in oil
the district races
Entry blanks and racing rules will be furnished
upon application to the secretary.
All races will be called at O'Clock sharp.
W. II. WORKMAN,
President
r. H. HEWITT, Secretary.
Secretarys address, No. Baker block, Los
Angeles Cal. jy3l I'm
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

Tng Southern Pacific Railway is being
treated to very peculiar deal all around
the compass and all through the season
this year OF grace 1884. Two washout:
at time when such thing was never
heard of before, constitute melancholy
addendum to the calamities of the Sole.
dad and Tehachepi cahons.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

SINCE we have written elsewhere O
few paragraphs upon tho Democratic
tendency In England we arc informed
that a popular assemblago two hun.
dred thousand strong has walked Lon
don streets. Those who know Albert
Edward well say that ho is at heart q
Democrat. II SO. he Ia the only sagaci
Gus member Of the Guelph or, really
Wetten family, that has ever shown any
thing like political provision. 1t ought
to enable him to light on soft spot.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

By MUTUAL consent Of both parties the
actual hard work of the current cam
psign has been postponed until the lst
OF September. This is good idea. 1t
is positively cruel and unnatural to in
troduce the worry and travail OF Presi-
Dental politics into the dog days.
Nevertheless, some of the callow poll
ticians and journalists have felt disposed
to do so, and we would by this time be
enjoying the miching malicho incident
to q national contest If it had not been
for this wise determination, which both
parties have reached by tacit agreement,
As to our local politics, the HERALD has
the assurance of Mr.. Del Vale that he
will begin his canvass at the date named,
and we presume that Col. Markham has
no desire to precipitate matters. Be
tween the lst day OF September and the
4th OF November there is time enough
for great deal of work to be done by
both of these ambitious gentlemen and
by all other aspirants, OF { Il kinds and
degrees, as well.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

SENATOR JONES told the editor oil this
Ecening Republican that Blaine would
carry the State Of New York by one
hundred and fifty thousand majority.
The joviai and versatile Nevada states.
man evidently saw the necessity of con.
juring up some figure that would sort oI
fine down the l92, 900 plurality by which
Grover Cleveland carried New York two
years ago. This is pretty tall whistlinl
of Jones's, and It would almost serve 10
carry man through graveyard on Q
dark and blustry night.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

About five hundred persons are now at
Long Beach enjoying that most delight
full seaside resort. 1t is needless to say
they are having a most agreeable time
ON this safe and most excellent beach,
which affords drive of sixteen miles at
low water on a smooth, flexible and
noiseless track, with the very best Of
bathing facilities that put Long Branch
10 shame,
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

As II in piquo at the idea that he can
not cause II to rain as well at Lancaster
Station as anywhere else, the Weather
Clerk has started in to wet Antelope
Valley in Wholesale style. There Il
really no reason why, situated at tho
foot Of the mountains, that region should
not bo as well refreshed with the gentle
dews Of heaven as any other portion ol
Los Angeles county. The great draw.
back there has probably been the lack Of
cultivation, . drawback which will be
quickly remedied by the energetic men
who have located near Lancaster.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

FROM all points Of view the present
year has been phenomenal one in Cali
fornia. Its meteorological cccentricities
were emphasized yesterday by brisk
rain in San Francisco and all around the
bay. What we shall be treated to next
we had better send down to Panama OF
up to Oregon Or Washington Territory
To find out,
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

oUR Republican friends in this distii,'
are just now very busily engaged II
counting thoir chickens before they are
Matched. Perhaps Of the whole jubilanl
crowd Hon. Thomas X. Bard, OF Ventu'
ra, Is tho most famboyant. In a letter
published in an esteemed morning con
temporary. he coolly assumes that his
party will elect the whole six Congress
men from this State this year. Perhap'
the best and most conclusive answer tc
this boast is that the Democrats elected
the whole six Congres,mcn in 1882. A
little reflection upon this fact might b'
useful to the deluded Republican who
allows his imagination TO run away with
him. There Is very fine. strong Dem
ocratic pulsation In this Stale which. al
though it may not reach the $4,000 plu
rality OF two years ago. ought at least t.
guarantee Democratic majority OF from
ton to fifteen thousand; aud which,
should 1t reach even the least OF these
figures, would again assure us full
Democratic representation in the lower
house Of Congress.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

Persons desiring information concerning tho
mines, their assays, location, etc., can apply to
any Of the Directors and are referred, by per.
mission. to the following named gentlemen: E.
+. Spence. H. s. orme. John %. Downey.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05
A Bargain for Investors

Lot 120xl0b feet, with fine dwellings and q VA
cant corner on two a the beat streets Ia the city
on line Of street cars; convenient to churches,
schools, etc, aid paying annually about 5000
net There Is ample room FOR five more build.
ings similar TO those now on the property and
they are never vacant This Is decidedly the
finest opportunity for Investment that we have
had for many months We are Instructed 10 sell
At any time within 10 days for ~, 600.
z. II. BARCLAY,
jyetf 0 Hadsan Block.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05
OFFiCERs:
DIRECTORS.

DIRECTORS
s. J. Beck. 2. y. Hewitt, Henry King
Henry Hammel, A. II. Denker, James Gornia
John Goiisworthy, Thos. J. cuddy
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05
UNDERWRITERS.
WATER NOTICE.

Consumers OF water Of the Los ANGELES
CITY WATER COMPANY will hereafter be al
lowed to sprinkle their gardens between the
hours Of to A. N. and o to SIN Consumers
are also cautioned against allowing unnecessary
waste In water closets.
iebtf FRED. EATON. supt.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1884-08-05

THE San Francisco Chroaicle attempts
10 make great deal Of capital out Of
the report Of an interview held BY q
New York reporter with Gen. Rose
Grams. In which that gentleman is cred
tied with having said dcpreciatory
things Of both the Democratic nominees
for President and vice-President. II
General Rosecrans has indeed done this
foolish thing II viii by no means be the
first OF his silly outgiyings. The truth
is that this distinguished gentleman has
reached the seuile stage, and he reached
1t long before the meeting Of the Dem
ocratic National Convention, to which
body he undoubtedly looked for recog'
milton Of some kind. With q sneakine
hope that he might be first on the ticket,
Gen. Rosecrans undoubtedly thought
that ho would be the Democratic nomi.
nee for Vice. President. It is, therefore,
simply repetition Of the old soul
grapes episode. The hero OF Stone
River has been the author Of an uncom
mon amount Of drivel during the pas
two years, and he reached the china,
during the interview 10 which we refer