davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
HURLED To DEATH.
A Collector on the st. Louis Bridge Struck
by a Train and Hurled Into the River
BeIOw-A Gallant But Intellectual Struggle
for Life.

A Collector on the st. Louis Bridge STRUCK
by Train and Hurled Into the River
Below-A Gallant But Intellectual Struggle
for Life.
ST. LOUIS, Mo-, July 16
This morning an accident occur
red at the big bridge which resulted in
the death of a bridge collector amid cir
cumstanccs exciting and dramatic. 1t
appears that Charles Putty, who has been
eight years in the service of the company,
had made his last trip across the bridge,
collecting fares from outgoing passenger
trains, aud had started to return on foot.
He had only reached the center of the
first arch on the east side when he en-
countered a Chicago & Alton train bound
for Kansas City. He stepped quickly
aside and stood still, but it is thought a
protruding step of the mail car struck
him, for the next instant he was
LIFTED INTO THE AIR
and hurled into the water. The terrible
spectacle was witnessed by many per-
sons on both sides, but no assistance
could reach him. The man struck the
water with great force and disappeared
in the splashing waves. Everybody pre-
sumed he had met instantaneous death,
but moment later Putty rose to the sur
face a long distance below and struck
out manfuIly to save himself. Those who
saw him battling with desperation for his
life sent out cheer after cheer of encour-
agement, while several ran to the Jerry
boat for aid. The boat acted as promptly
as possible, but it
COULD NOT REACH HIM.
| Putty sustained himself for nearly 200
Yards, swimming and floating with the
| current, and it was evident he had once
| been a powerful swimmer. But the
double shock of his collision with the
/ train and the water had consumed his
strength, and before the terryboat got II
helpinr distance he threw up his hand!
| and disappeared. Putty resided at 12ll
| Lami street, and leaves wife and fou
| children He was member OF the a. .
u. W., and IL faithfulemploye. rewar'
of $50 is offered for the recovery of tn
1
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
snrrlrorr congratnlated.


General Hazen sent the following dls'
patch to Lieutenant GreeIy: "Our hearts
arc overfowing with gladness and thanks
to God for your safety and with sadness
for those who without fault Of yours are
dead. Your family are well and IN San
Diego" Admiral Nichols also WirSA
Commander Schley the hearticst con-
gratulations to himself, officers aud men,
and directed him 10 use his discretion
about the care and transportation Of tho
bodies.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
The News in washington

WASHINGTON u. e., July H.
The news Of the rescue Of the survivors
Of the Greedy party was received at the
Navy Department yesterday morning and
created a profound sensation. II was
the chief topic Of conversation at the
War and Navy Departments. The senti-
ment was one Of universal gladness at
the rescue Of the seven men, mingled, of
course, with sorrow for the remaining
eighteen of the party. Many well In
formed officials had looked forward with
dread to report that All would be found
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
ereory's Family Hear the Glad ,ridins'

NEWHUHHFJiI, u Asssf y uIl To-
The ehrstInformatlon relative to the safe
ty OF Greely received in this city was that
telegraphed by the United Press to
its correspondent, who lost no time
in conveying the welcome In
tcllirence to relatives of Lieutenant
Greely. John A. Grcely was first yis-
tied. He could scarcely credit the fact
that news from his brother had been re-
ceived so early in the season, but was
only too happy to hear be was awe Mrs'
Fannie Grccly, the Lieutenaut's mother,
was next called upon. When the well
come news was gwen to her she was com'
pletely overcome with Joy. She was eE
pecting nothing for some weeks.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
when the late Lord Frskine. then

= " UEI IIII ~ I@7T1'1 -
going the circuit, was asked by his
landlord how nc had slept, he replied.
"Union IS strength, a fact Of which your
inmates seem to be unaware; for, had
the feas been unanimous last night,
they might have pushed me out OF
bed +" "Fleas?' exclaimed Boniiace,
affe ting great astonishment, Il was
not aware that had single one IN the
house. II don't believe you have,
retorted HE lordship; hey are an
married. and have uncommonlY larg9
famlliesP"
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
sacrificed to Science.
KALAmAzoo. MIcn.

hAAAAADpDf AAA1h-f @Nag -
Edward Israel, the astronomer Of the
Inflated Greely expedition, was born and
reared in Kalamazoo. lie surrendered an
ample wealth and beautiful home and de-
voted himself to science. Although only
twenty-five years of age, the faculty OF
the Michigan State University named
him 10 the Government as eminently
fitted for the work, TO which he sacrihced
MS life
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
story Of the Rescue


The story of the rescuing party, as told
by Captain Ash, ice pilot Of the Bear, It
as follows:
owe sailed from st. Johns May 4, and
reached Upper Nayik on the 29thi Duck
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24
ALMOST TOO LATE.

81 would like to ask instructions about
the Lock Garry, as the charter party held
by her master differs in several respects
from minc."
Greedy and party are much improved
In health since rescued, but their condi-
ton was critical in the extreme when
found, and for some days after. Forty
eight hours delay in reaching them
would have been fatal to all now living.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-07-24

"This season North is late and the
closest for years. Smiths Sound was
not omen when l left Cape Sabine. The
winter about Melville Bay was the most
severe for twenty years. This great re-
suit is entirely due 10 the prompt action
and unwearied energy Of Yourself and the
Secretary Of War in fitting this cxpedi-
ton for the work it ha S had the honor TO
accomplish.
TSignedl
ssW. S. ScmLEY, Commander"
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
The Popularity Of + Gr,at Posm.

No English poem written within the
last two centuries has ever had any.
thing like the popularity Of Gray's Ele.
gy. which from the moment it was pub
lshcd took its place among the classics
Of the language. II found readers at
once, and, unlike every other poem OF
the eighteenth century. was enjoyed by
Al.1-..-.~1 ~,.sa ssntcro svsa "i:he. T4sot
1t did 81 was moi entirely due o its sub
ject, though tla. no doubt had One
thing to do with its success, but rather
to the instinct Of Gray, who forgot him.
self and his special studies for the time
beirg, an planted his feet upon the
broad ground Of humanity, becoming
for the first and last time in his life. tho
poet Of mankind and lis mortality. The
Elegy is more read to-day than any
poem Of its kind ami length in. any
European literature, partly because ii
is the most perfect specimen OF the pc.
etc art, and partly because tie train OF
thought which gave rise to it, and
which it reproirces with absolute tidcl.
ity, can never he dismissed from the
human mind, 1t will live rs long III
men live aud die. Que quality it GER
tainly posses,es which is not to be
found in any other poem of its period
or at any rate not 10 the N extent
the quality of picturesqurness. which
was MS rare rs the quality Ut poetry
Itself in the middle o. tue last centlry.
n. II. Stoaddrd.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
The Ink Plant.

There is in New Grenada a plant,
Coryaria Thymifolia. which might be
dangerous to our ink manufacturers il
it could be acclimatizcd to Europe. 1t
is known under the name OF the ink
plant. Its juice, called chanchi, can
be used in writing without any prcvi-
ous preparation. The letters traced
with 1t are Of a reddish color at first,
but turn to a deep black in few hours.
The juice also spells steel pens less
than common ink. The qualities OF
the plant seem to have been Discovers
ed under the Spanish administrato on.
Some writings, Intended for the mother
country, were wet through with sea
water ON the voyage; while the papers
written with common ink were almost
illcgiblc. those with the juice Of that
plant. were quite unspoiled. Orders
were given in consequence that this
vegetable ink was TO he used for all
public documcnts.--NcW York Star.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
Wisco13In Birds.

I've bird population of Wisconsin IL
es'im atad ut sisty-s:s Par .qrore mile,
or 3,oGJ. 900 for the state. Each bird
is assumed to eat fifty in Gets Il day, or
5000 for a summer. Hence. all the
birds will consume 2I,3S4, 0OO, 900
insects a year. Add to this amount
the work VIII h these birds DO in their
Southern homes. and we have a low
estimate OF the nilocnce they exert
over insect life. Multiply these figures
by forty-cight, for the states and
territories. AMI We arrive Mt the con-
clusion not only that our bird population
is pretty large, but also tina. without it
Il bug population would soon be so
large that it would eas US up.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
The Conductor.

WINoNA, MINI, Nov. 20, 1879.
had been suffering with a severe
cold for several days; was SO hoarse
| could not speak above a whisper.
Nov. 10th, | met one Of DR.. Warmers
agents on my train; he handed me
a bottle OF White Wine Of Tar Syrup;
II hour after taking the first dose
my h%oarseness commenced to leave
me In t%wenty-four hours my voice
was quite clear and natural, and the
cold nearly cured. 1t is the best
remedy ! ever saw. Respectfully,
G. w. WARREN, Conductor,
CO n. w. II. II.
For ,ale by J. +. Blair, Druggist,
Elk Point, Oak.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
ALWAYS Ahead.

The live and enterprising firm, Of
Jas. L. Blair, are always to the front.
They haye seourod the entire sale OF
Beggs' Cherry Cough Syrup, and are
offering sample bottles free. You
will please make a note Of this and
if you have a cough one bottle will
cost you nothing. and also convince
you that it is the best medicine on
Earth.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Sam Walton has been stocking up
his furniture established with a very
fine assortment Of goods in his line.
If you want a parlor suite, n nice
cane rocker, a good wood rocker, a
set OF parlor chairs, a set Of kitchen
chairs, n high chair for your baby, q
wall bracket, q nice sofa, a picture
already framed, a handsome mirror,
a book ease or bureau, go to Sam's
and you can get il at bed rock pri-
ces.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
Tickled.

We never brag nor giggle, but we
are so we'll pleased with the trade
ou: low prices on boots e. shoes,
clothing q dry goods are making us,
that we smile to twitter, and you will
do the same, yourself, if you buy
your goods of G. W. Beggs.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

ORGANS AND PIANos.-Sam Wal
ton, the furniture dealer, has made
arrangements with the manufactur-
ers whereby he can sell the very best
pianos and organs manufactured at
nearly wholesale prices. call in and
examine samples of his instruments.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Don't fail to 60 to Mallory & Crum.
rines for your Dried Fruits. They
make a specially in all kinds Of fruits
and you will save money by going
there to buy.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

There was Il lathy. l~ong-carcd young
man OF Is hanging around the foot Of JET.
!erson avcnue yesterday with his mouth
watering for a chance to talk with a
policeman. When some ono asked
him if he had been assaulted or robbed
he proudly replied:
Not very much! I'm thinking oil
joining the force, and | want to ask q
few questions"
Il don't know about your making n
good officer remarked an old bald.
head who was leaning against a tclc.
graph pole;
"Why don't youp"
well, there's something more than
carrying a club around AMI answering
questions from strangers. A police
man ought TO know a rogue on sight,
You bet he ought, and that mt ev-
cry timer replied the young man.
well. now, what do you say abou.
that man over by the lamp-post?"
II say he is u suspicious looking
character"
Yes, SO he is. 1t would be your
duty as an officer to question him anl
give him TO understand that you were
up 10 his racket
Il know it,"
But there is where you would fail.
Any n who has evcr gwen any at
tention to phys ognomy can see that
you lack moral courage"
II do. chp Maybe | dasn't walk
over there and ask him what he's hang
ing around for?"
'Of course not. The shape of your
hcad-the set of your ~eyes-the coarse
fibre Of your hair proves that you
are excessively cautious"
Don't you hollar aforc you are hurt.
old chap!" grinned the candidate, and
with that he walked straight across the
street and up to the man and queried:
Say mister, what are you hanging
around here for:?"
None of your business" was the
prompt reply.
"Then I'll make it my business. Who
are you sir.?"
He didn't hear the answer. A bunch
Of knuckles shot out and landed on his
left eye and he had business on the
pavement about ten feet away. The
suspicious character was q railroad
baggage smasher off duty, aud after
the blow he wiped his knuckles off on
his vest and sauntercd into the depot.
didn't l observe" said the bald
headed mar NJ he helped the young
man to his feet, didn't | observe that
you seemed lacking in some Of the es-
s.ntiaIs?"
You did, sir--you solemnly did,"
answered the young man rs he felt all
over his head to lind the spot which
achcd the worst, land I'll be gosh
hanged il the rest of the jury
dom agree with you. Some one lead
me 70 4 seat "a \ salt harrrl..' Drfrois
Free Press
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
PHOTOGRAPHY.

Ifyou want good photographs
call on Levi Wheeler, late photogra-
pher from H. Buffers gallery at Ver-
million, and give him a trial. Per-
feet satisfaction guaranteed. Gal
lery over Steckman's Dollar Store.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
A CARD.

10 all who are suffering from the errors and
indiscretions OF youth. mel vons weakness early
decay. loss Of manhood, etc, 1 will send \ recipe
tina, will cure you. tiiEE OF CHARGE. This
great remedy was discovered by a missionary
in Sou h America. Send a self addressed enyel-
ope TO the Rev. JOSEPH 7. INxAN, Station u,
New York City.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Mallory & Crumrine take special
pains in securing the very best Cam
ned Goods in the market. and their
stock is always fresh.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Use utopia soap.
Go 10 Briggs for furniture.
Trunks and sachels at Maynard
& Co.
Maynard 4 Co. sells cheap for
cash.
Benedict's soaps are the boss Of
the bosses.
If you want a stylish hat try May
nard 81 Go.
For boots and shoes 20 to. May
nard e. Co.
Ladies' rubber circulars at May
nard & Co.
Mallory & Bigelow are sole agents
for Benedict's soaps.
Candies and Nuts of all kinds at
Mallory & Crumrine's.
If you want the best soap use
none but benedict; for sale by Bige-
low & Mallory.
You don't have to pay interest
semi-annually on money loaned
through Suiter & Gordon
If you can't get in at the golden
gate, climb over the golden wall and
take Benedict's soap with you.
Benedict soap is all that is claim.
ed for them; best and cheapest. A
full line at Bigelow 4 Mallory's.
The best Gun Powder Tea in tnt
city for Scots. per pound at.
G. w. BEGGs,
The hired girl says, metaphorical
ly speaking, That "for plain anc
ornamental use, enc lict's soaps
a re the best; at Mallory & ige-
lows.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Go to Beggs for hannels.
For ladies' aud ~children's hose &c
to Beggs' store.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Maynard & Co. have just received
a large stock of clothing and are pre-
pared to sell at prices that will COM
pete with any establishment in the
west. We have bought direct from
the manufacturers, and have paid
cash and taken all discounts, and
we will give way down prices.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
CHICAGO,
MILWAUKEE
AM ST. PAUL.

II owns and operates over 1 800 miles Of road
m NoftAeFn lEinois. Wisconsin. Mime Gotta.
Iowa and Dakota; andFas lie main lines, branches
aud euRCecii0ne reach all the great business
centres VI the Northwest and Far West. in nat
nrAiIy answers the description Of short Limo,
aud 0est Route between
Chiea1., Sfilsvaukee. La Crosse and
cAie.Ec.. milwaukee. Aberdeen and
chicago. Mliwaui1ce. Fan Claire and
eAis.s.,.. sil,w.akee- waa..u and
eAiraxo, Milwaukee. Beaver Dam n
eh.sasS. Mmwaukee. w.nkc~lha and
GAicaEo, Misw.akee. Madison and
Prairle du CITIZEN
cAis.ss. Maisvaakee. owA.o"na .nd
chiesxo. isssois. Jan-sviIie aad Min
GAissxo. .igin. Rockford and Da-
chissfp. alIn.on. Rock Island and
sshlcaan. Council BiuGis aud Osnsha.
slAisax., sioux city. sioux Fall. a"d
eAissss, mlissankee. ,n.seI.eii and
R4,ss. Sss.sd. Dusaaas. 81. Paul .nd
Minneapolis
sDasstp.rt. ts,linar. ~. Paul aiad Min.
MdapoDis
CARS ~ the w0iin are rMn ON the main line. o.
mo GHi.sLGU., MILWAUKEE l. ST. p Ill
kAtLW and every ~aitsntipn i. paid to pas.
selsesrt ~ caur'esHs employees Of he Company.
y =. NnHRnsL. a. ". H~.cARrENTER.
dcssfal Manages. tse,.. Pass. and Tiki. Agt.
= I. clark. GEo. II nsAFFs)RD,
1ent. snp Asst Gen. Pass ACT.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Mr.. George Grant, of Meriwether,
Ca, says. counting his grand and
great-grand and great-great-grand-
children. he has loo.
''Laly jim the Piutes' ''squaw
man." died recently. Having refused
to fight with his tribe ut Pyramid Lake
in 1850, he Was cond mned ever to
wear petticoais.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
The Jury Agreed.

The funds collected for II monu.
ment 10 General Ice now amount to
$50, D
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

We are now prepared to furnish
our old patrons money on farm
mortgages at moderate rates.
G.. II. WALwORTH.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20
write Them ! Letter To-NTebe

.NE - 49,
Don't 70 10 the shentpc. lecture. r. bal
But STAY in your r0s,in T. -filght:
DENY yourself to the fricA.!s SHAT call
Ard . good long letter writc-
Write ~ the sud old folke AT hoM~r
VINO sit when the day b done,
with folded hands and n asst eyes
And think OF tho absent one.
Don't se.nshly scribble: Excuse my haste.
I've scarcely the I me TO write"
Lest their brooding thought SO wandering
back
To many a bygane night
When they lost The r needed sleep and rest,
n every breath was a prayer
THAT God would leave Their delicate tAbe
To tEoir tender love aud care.
Don't let them fee! that you've no more
or their love and counsel wise.
For the heart grows strangely sensitive
when age has dimmed the eyes
II might tc we'll 10 lot them believe
You never forpet them quite.
That You deem IL q pleasure when far away,
Long letters homo 10 wri Z.
Don't think that tho young and giddy friends
Who make your pastime puy
Have half the q xious thoughts for you
That the old folks lave I day.
The duty Of writing do not put on.
Let s'ecp or pleasure wait,
lest the letter Tor which they look ana
lonped
Be q day or Il hour too late.
Sur the rad old folks ut home,
With locks fast turning white,
Are longing to hear OF The absent one
Write them u letter to- might.
Cincinnati Saturday Night
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Sioux City Beaten.
We can and will beat Sioux City
prices, and we have a large and fine
stock. P. E. Maynard & Co,
Clothiers, Elk Point, Dakota.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

That the money now offered by
Suffer & Gordon is that of a private
individual, and does not belong to a
soulless corporation.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Ii you want elegant chromos in
beautiful frames To decorate your
house, call in ut Sam Walton's fur
niture store and look at his elegant
assortment Of this class Of goods.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1884-02-20

Smoke the Triumph Cigar, "Hava.
ma Filler" at Mallory & Crumrines.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-29

For seventeen Yeas 81 continuous prosperity
and business usefulness Messn Lyman Bros.
have occupied their present quarters on Met.
chant street. Since It was started this slore
has continued to Gll need in Honolulu trade.
Staple goods have always been les specially.
It's proprielou claim that They have Away,
done a strictly legitimate importing and job.
bling business. with this end in view they
have aimed 10 keep their stock Of such char.
acter that retail merchants dealing in any Of The
lines they carried could not fail 10 find IN the
establishment Of Hyrnan Bros. something nee.
essary in their own trade Although for some
time past the Merchant street store Of The firm
has been too contracted for the adequate DIS.
play of their goods the propnetors have become
50 attached 10 the stand from their long asso
citation with it, from certain points in favor ol
its location and from that ingrained conserya-
tism Of the old.schpol mercantile character
which dislikes change for it, own sake, nc
thought Of removal was contemplated by h,
firm up TO the last month Of last year. At that
time the firm learned that satisfactory arrange
menis could not be made with the new pro.
prietor OF the Merchani.strce property Of which
they had been 50 long tenants.
The closing up Of the California Furniture
Manufacturing Company left their desirable
stand vacant. This stand has been leased by
the LYMAN Bros The work u rcmodeling
and rehttng is practically finished, and por
tions Of the FIRMS extensive stock are now in
position. The main store Is IS feet wide and
IS feet deep. The rear portion Of this mar
store, and are Of 81 by IS, has been taken for
an Office and in the rear Of thi, office is a war,
house "a 49, Above the main store Is a
room for the storage Of open goods aud broker
packages.
The fittings Of the main store are at ono,
plain, substantial, convenient and attractive. On
the Waikiki side Of the store is a broad side
board. above which ample shelving extend,
for 90 feet The Sideboard and shelving on
the opposite side Of the store, being broken by
a door and a stairway, are not quite so long.
Three broad counters occupy most Of the space
between the shelving. On these counters and
side boards will be displayed samples Of a long
list of goods Of which the following curt men
ton indicates only few major lines. The
firms specially is American staples, represen.
ting the London, Wamasutta, Amoskcague
and many other OF the best United States
mills. American hats, boots and shoes for both
men and women are also imported English,
French and German stock consists Of Fancy
dress goods, merinoes, linens, cashmeres,
hosiery, notions and trimmings.
The firm consists OF Ave brothers, two &c.
siding in Honolulu, two in San Francisco and
one in New York. The firm has existed since
1862, and the Ilonolulan branch was es,ab-
ished in 1867.