New-York tribune., 1884-12-14
ELECTRIC LIGHT IN FOGS
OPINIONS AS 70 irs usE On SHIPS.
mAKiNG LfGirrs or GRrAr BsiLtftsCY-rvsptr
rs oriDo tiiE suS-tfGiiiu0r~rs.

COLLISIONS ana oher arciiets NJ iFfse fOgs fife srg-
rcsei No roihptta,its tilrp ~ the per.tr ghs bi
sirboir and ~ iuefs whe.her :. ~ii 'as tht rtes
81 the H iehcts ~ the iihtiis fni 'irt b' tessrt
ir-trbsrHt eibe'tle gii hite fl-rtif rs9 ire-sss-
iNit rriti ~ 80 stiH8Hi ri li's tits B As lifes
ifiHiHii'e 4Hi e34i1Hies aisfriHiHi ~ Hs'i AZ "
4Hf NJ fAe iteF 4. ol.. il4ii ii4l iAe s+fflAaA1
mais ai,A % W Aeia 4Hi a.s hsAia ~ atek 9f ,ss
sisN4HiH- H4fMses R9Ye Hef pafei 80 4i4piaNig l9
sHpggslg sAe e 4Wpt ilAe vs. Ae Hglt ,fsfNis ~ b9
Ailei anl eleellie isAis paa ine empa aeaashiP
Aiaika, and lAe -tt beas a1 valuable aa mpfosemeas
ttege 10 Aas heeu alei % mlnl olel ipgeisn steam
sAips so tat tAe 'ia,e rn0i saD1n,, engHe ani fe-
ruoas And other Rtefor parts nDw hghimi ex-
ciusiyelY by IT, IN vessels the meinners Of tho
crew watch provided with automatic electric
iamps covered with strong globes aud Of such q sze
that they may be carried IN Jacket pocket
since Tie disasters To- tie steamship city Of Bruslel,
and the timbrl. which vessels were both sunk by col
lion IA og Professor -iemens aul other electricians
have made experiments with electric light, 0f great
power 10 test their efficiency n tLick weather. A. 70 tho
0f the electrc light ia fog. the prevailing opinion
among scafagins men in that IL viii not prove -
efficient has been anticipated Their theory H. that
as the falls 30 penetrate dense f0g 40 arilnfil
Hight he produced that Will De- more sncccssfu IN
other words the sun IS obscured by fog Therefore 10
cannot Dc expected that any articcal light will not 10
absorbed by either FOX haze ON the other han Il Is
asserted that the concentration Of rays makes the clectic
light more penetrating than tue in fog Compar-
only theoretical. aud Tor showing the In og-ther
efficiency must be demonstrated by actual experiments.
LIGHT OF HUNDRED THOUSAND CANDLE
PONER.
The Brush Company has recently manufactured q re-
markable electric li,ht FOR use In Tie British Nayy.
orders having been received furnish the British Board
Of Admiralty powerful ll-hts for IN the Portsmouth
and Chatam dock yards It has 100000 candle lllumi
mating powerfully times greater power than ordinary
eecrc lamp for street lighting. 10 Is designed % 10
used in night attacks and in discovering submarine
pedoes fortyhorse power engine is required 20 pro-
duce the light; the carbons used two and a half
inches thick. The Intensity OF heat generated between
the carbons Is 100000, e-nneteth OF the estimated
heat OF the 1t is calculated that. with ordinary
reflector sleam Of light De cast powerful that
person fifteen m,s away to read by it. Yct it
is considered doubtful whether dense fog. bs
distinguished at greater distance than ordinary gas,
oil light One Of the electrician Of tbs company
asked yesterday Has the fog-piercing power VI
the electric light been fully tested at seal'
no; but enough IS known justify tie belief that t5
would avert, greatly lessen the horror o. sach
collisions those In which tie city OF Brsses and tho
Cimbra were lost.
Do you think that the electric light has such power,
Of penetnhty that It could be distinguished much fur
ther than nm ordinary light used 20 IN dense lOG'
No. 10 not know thar has; but mean 10 sa, tIas
In log the current Of he electric ght could be shut D.
and t.en pit ON again tn making 10 lash light lhs
would give luminosity 10 the fog similar 10 that pro-
duced by the SUM- and would indicate the presence OF
!low wOui that define the exact position OF vessel,
Ir would not do 50 Tna could only be done by a sys-
tenn OF whistle signals. / do not think tlat any light
e@onu @ oe glen power emo eiQ"sn 10 penetse io7 70 us
approaching each other Bat do believe that
vessel. Which ordinary iets 10 not have For instance
electric lights on vessel would IN tie event Of collision
at night, facilitate ne maintenance nt order the lower
ing OF the boats and the saving OF Me-"
RESULT OF Az EXPERIMENT. ~ EGYPT.
The British Company constructed several powerful
lghts during Engands recent d!Hcultics with Egypt,
which used the British naval vessels IA tho
operations against Alexandria, the specific iea being
10 throw beam of Eight on that cry n proved noss
valuable IN detecting the movements " the enemy
Electric lights have llso been applied 20 ~ cur
coastine eessoli, ,ho object of i being 20 cnaHln
the ulygaoq o. oriius ri.eF' and rhturei ~ u'sht
ou ttr -ieamrr 'ji Utmtr5n ir r'ntti ot ,a- NV
100 rrnilr rdn,r amt Us "a rr ir trr l-tee riyh
hr litrl Hri rtipr t5n NJ iie'i tri HNnq 'i sr3ts
gtre ftti'g t'sr.rshi T. ~. 'rH irg iflrrtrl Hj
ish 80 ti ttr ~ 'Ni' % Hns hi1a'rI irt ''g' 01i
'th Fi' hN' ~ rA'ae' f' -'fi' Hrrtr- " tsrf'tt-
r'HIt N't F'"f '4 taN1 Ns N''''Yr'3Hfi F'sN ti+-
.p 0i i b. = a tlea a. ul. ~ u.s.. s.aleu l444 40
uuA4l 1-At heetAi ~ o. Ae.f AZ gAe !lfa htei
Las Iu. e1 1reuNe. pHsrn es' y heAy ha "leNisa ta
At l4e u lHe olneF fes7ea ot Ihe lne ipi hfad Agl
anlr lights. Captain iluArsHalH, "iO a1rl feH dAlt
-t!e them illg t.l ani tAen repiicel them Htl
tie ordinary -hs. HAVING been asked his opinion ot
inc fricti@ihi ot the Iectuc h-ht IA To-, Captain
Zimmerman said:
"ine eectric liAt Is practically useless IN rog rno
reason uf tails Is that II makes tho snip Sal Ia what may
De- termed hemisphere ~ H-hL Tie rays aro con-
stlnty ahead of ,he Vessel and oyerwbe,n all other
ghts By their brlliancy What nayglors require is to
rather than be seen. Noeiectre TX nor any oher
light can be powerful enons To be seen IN fos Iaae
the the father Of lights as an ulGsralun Nobody
ever saw II IN dense Hg consequently no artlhsiai
light could he made which would be superior. IL Will DO
-d THAT electric iight has It's rays concentrated bue
one or the greatest power @onid oni give ae'rona OF
ght AMI thlt Tor limited distance oy 700 lmuei IN
fact 10 avoid collision where two vessels are directly
approaching each other dO not think there i any
thing >uperl0rto the electric glt iorthe Internal ighuS
vessel but IN fog II would be practically useless az
nor be cen more than my or a hundred in
lensest fog. ON clear night the ordinary s<nal light
observable far the curvature OF the earth Will
allow any ight 10 he seem while the electric lght:
localized, would give only hemisphere of reelected
light the direct line OI its rays. believe tie safest
aud most practicable thing in og would he an esia6-
lisued nernaOaa aud weli-learnei system OF signal
uug to communicate Hhat 10 On a vessel might be in.
the she is heading. and whether sailing or
cam vessel such - lsten would prove less COM
plcated than Is generally supposed
STEAM WHISTLES RECOMMENDED.
Commodore John Deacon. OF the steamship City Of
Puebla, who has had some experience and given tho
subject much study, said To mitigate. II not alto
seter the dangers incident to ocean navigation
from the environment OF fOgs matter oi the deepest
interest, officers and crews OF vessels
alone but to the travelling public and nothing should be
left undoue that experience and skill suggest science
devise and the hberality Of nations provide One OF
the best hopes entertained by nayigators and other
travellers 0l tie for the usefulness OF the electric
light wls that It's intense power wOud he found capa
ule " penetrating fog TO much greater distance Than
any other ght-at least, at distance 20 aid navgaOrs
10 avoid collisions AT hat expectation has not
been realized IL found that In the OF lOg AMI
thick driving the ardent rays OF the most power
tn! light been swallowed up mUt n more quickly
conceived possible AMI that their power of
peueiraDility little more tran the ordinary shtps
cOlOred lights or Wrotechnlc displays. Ihls haVlbg
lecn man tested. there 10 be little hope Of any
valuable remedy be expected from the electric Iighs
The greatest safeguard 10 avert collisions at l.
imprpved system 0f steam communication by steam
whistles and rOg-hOrna Tie stem requires - be void
ot complcxify so tnat every officer "a vessel may
readily understand Il. Tie More system Of teegaphy