davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07

Certificate. Supposed owner. Sale.
Louis E. Hauser, Real estate COM
commencing at point on the east
erly line of Webashaw street. dis
tant so feet, northerly from the
northeasterly corner of Wabashaw
street and College avenue in the
city Of Saint Paul; thence east
erly parallel with College avenue,
100 feet; thence northerly paral-
lei with Wabashaw street, 90 feet;
thence westerly parallel with Col
lege avenue, 20 feet, to easterly
line Of Wabashaw street; thence
southerly 90 feet to place Of be-
ginning, in the City Of st. Paul. 81 70
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07
LAKE ELMO AND SALTWATER TRAINS

LEAVE MINNEAPOLIS.
f74O IN, 1880 IN, 1890 m, i1:sO IN, f4:So m,
1900 II.
LEAVE ST. PAUL.
t6OO IN, 1915 III, 1905 a IN, 1905 m, '12i5 IN,
'2:05 IN, t5:o5 m, and -7:45 p IN.
LEAVE sTILLwArER FOR ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS.
sos IN, 1880 a IN, ts:2s IN, 1890 IN, '1:1s p IN,
1880 m, $3.50 p IN. 1850 IN.
= Daily. Except Sundays. Except Mondays.
eay-Tickets sleeping car accommodations, and all
information can be secured at
No 13 Nicolet House block, Minneapolis,
j. CHARBoNNEAU, Ticket Agent.
Minneapolis depot, corner Washington and Fourth
avenue north, II. J.. MARTIN, Ticket Agent.
Corner Third and Jackson streets, St. Paul,
CHAS II. PETSCH, City Ticket Agent.
New Union Depot foot Of Sibley street,
KNEBEL & BROWN, Ticket Agents.
H. E. HAYDN, Ticket Agent, saltwater.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07

Iowa & MINI. Division.
Sou. Mimi, Ia. &Dav'pt Elk.
Owatonna Accommodation
Mason City,, Sou. d West. E2
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07

River DIVISION.
Milwaukee g. Chicago Elk. .
Milwaukee & Chicago Elk.
La Crosse, Dubuque. Rock
Island & st. Louis Ex....
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07
Sidewalks Constructed Under
Peter Berkey'S Contract
Of Year 1881.
Saint Paul Proper.

Robert and Randall's Addition to City of Saint
Paul.
No. of Amt of
Certificate. Supposed owner. Lot. Block. Sale,
3703 Estate of Louis Roberts Z Is S77 81
MISCELLANEOUS.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07
Chicago, Milwaukee & 81. Paul Railway.
The finest Dining Cars In the world are run on all
through trains to and from Chicago.
Piyer Division.

Arrival and departure of through passenger trains:
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07
ARRIVING TRAINS.

Dining Cars the finest in the world and luxurious
Smoking Room Sleepers on all Chicago trains.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07

Chicago & Milwaukee Ex.
Merriam Jet. and Shskopee.
Chicago Night Express. 80.
Sioux City & Sioux Falls. :.
Omaha and Kankas City. :,
North Wisconsin & Superior
Merriam Jet. and Shakopee
Green Bay and Appleton. 81
River 4 hll5
Des Moines Fast Express. >.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07
ARRIVING TRAINS

Hastings & Dakota Div.
Aberdeen & Dakota Ex. -.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07
RiYar Division.

HTfNI Ut I5IVIIs
Chicago & Milwaukee Elk. .
Chicago & Milwaukee Elk. =.
La Crosse, Dubuque, Rock
Island & St. Louis Ex....
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07

DEPARTING TRAINS.
St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896, 1884-03-07

O. II. LEE, Solicitor for Complainant.
feb1-7w-fri
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06
FrUit VS.. Candy.

If children are allowed to run to the
confect oner's with every half-dime
they obtain, it is better to require them
to buy fruit and nuts rather than the
highly-colored candies a child would
choose. White gcandies are not alto
gether unOb .ectionable, as they are
often Gin common with others) weighted
with terra alba, a substance about as
.digestible as soft stone or land plaster,
beside being made in great part of inn
pure glucose. Still they are better than
the colored, for even the commorest
color, red, is often obtained by using
red lead, bisulphuret OF mercury, or BIZ
sulphuret of arsenic; green is some
times cOlored with verdiGris or arsenite
of copper; yellow with iod.de OF lead or
yellow oeh'e3 blue with PTussian blue
or litmus. which is often adulterated
with arsenic and preparation of mer-
curry; while the browns and puppies are
also unsafe. 1t may be argued that
candies contain too little of any Of these
substances to be in. furious; but it should
be borne in mind that children (who
are the greatest candy-ea ers) are easily
affected by even small quantities of
medicine, and would therefore he by
poison as we'll; besides, these minerals
have the property of accommodating in
the system until grave results are often
made manifest.
Side by side with these attractive but
unsafe preparations, many confectioners
lay oranges, bananas, cOcoanuts, pine
apples and a variety of nuts. foreign
and domestic, which are healthfuI and
much more acceptable to all but per-
yerted tastes than the Jars of gaily-col-
ored candies. All who give thought to
the wonderful and complex machinery
of the body. and the intricacies of di-
gestion and circulation. will see how
Important it is that ndture be.net oyer
taxed TO rid the system of useless or
poisonous matter. Ii the Lite folks
want sweets. make molasses candy. of
reliable brands of strip; or buy maple
sugar, which Is cheaper than candy,
and if unauthorized is perfectly health
full; and give them plenty of honey at
the table. But when they run TO the
candy shop, teach them to buy nuts aud
fruit, C0WRty'V Ge19klelaGR.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06
CRYPTOGRAPHY.


Since early times men have devised
various ways of sending important in
telligence in manner so effectually dis
guised that only those for whom the
news was intended should be able-to
understand the meaning of what was
written.
Until comparatively recent years
diplomats, statesmen and military or
naval commanders were the principal
persons compelled by circumstances to
keep their affairs or their intended
movements shrOuded in secrecy. So
long as there was no regular postal
service, important letters were sent by
courier, and thus the weightiest secrets
were often at the mercy of one inclined
to be dishonest
Before the spread of education, and
at a time when few possessed a knowl-
edge of any other language than their
own, TO inditc a letter or a dispatch in
"a foreign tongue was usually ample
protection against surrept.t;ous pry-
ing into its contents. But it is now
many years since this safeguard was
broken down, and it became necessary
for all who did not want their cor
respondence known to interested par
ties to contrive some means of commu-
nicatiDg with the pen that would defy
scrutiny. Hence there came into ex-
tensive use the art of writing in cipher,
called cryptOgraphy, from two Greek
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06

words meaning secret and "to
write'
Under this term are included All pri-
waite alphabets or system OF characters
for the safe transmission Of secrets As
fast as one device was discovered. hui
man ingenuity contrived another still
more intricate.
A cipher sufficiently perplexing for all
ordinary purposes is found by using
the alphabet of any language in -an in
verified order, takingZ for A, Y for b,
X for G, and so on; examples of this
may often be seen in the advertising
columns of our great dailies.
When it is only desired 60 wlite a
cryptogram. aud not print it, such other
characters may be used as are mutually
agreed upon by correspondents, or the
alphabet may be transposed in other
ways. A figured cipheris one in which
the letters of the alphabet are numbered,
aud these numbers compose the cIyp-
tOgram. To insure secrecy it is, of
course, necessary that the particular
series of numbers chosen shall be known
only to those who use the cipher.
Another plan consisted in choosing n
certain buok-a dictionary appears to
have been the favorite-and by simple
citation of the number of the page, of
the column and of the line, sentences
were constructed, the KEY to which was
extremely difficult of discovery by one
not in the secret. But as the number of
different dictionaries was necessarily
limited, the mystery could usually be
solved by any one willing to devote
time and patience TO hunting up the
particular one adopted. Various other
books have been similarly used. such as
spelling-books, and even the Bible.
But these systems were cumbersome, and
were all moro or less open TO detection.
Still, with devices such as these, more
or less ingenious, the world was fain to
be content until about forty years ago,
when a scientific discovery was made
that indirectly converted cryptography
into a recognized calling, requiring
thought, labor and inventive ability.
The opening years of the second half
of our century found the world in
amazement over the then recent inven-
ton of telegraphy. Since that time the
earth has been girdled with wires, and
there is now scarcely any place of note
unconnectcd by electricity with the re-
motest seat of civilization. Myriads of
messages were soon sent living over the
earth or flashing under the sea; the mon
ev-kings and the monarchs of trade were
guick 10 avail themselves the new and
speedicr mode of controlling the world 5
markets, and soon became its best pa
irons; statesmen and diplomats sat in
their respective cabinets and received
intelligence in one short hour that
must formerly have taken weeks to reach
them.
Immediately a new want made itself
felt. Seerecv'had been sacrificed at the
shrine of speed. If the mail was slow
II afforded privacy, but the contents Of
n telepraphic message are OF necessity
known to others besides the sender and
fhe receiver. So the minister the bank
-. and fine merchant soon began to send
cipher dispatches. 1t was quickly dis
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06
The Pulse.

7 = . 3 Ia :
The pulse, may be felt in. several
places on the, body, limbs and head,
both in man and animals IN man it is
most conveniently felt at the wrist and
in the horse on the branch of the caro-
It'd artery, which passes under the jaw
bone, Just above its angle. 1t arises
from the propulsion of the blood into
the arteries by the c5ntractions Of the
heart; and it therefore indicates the
strength of the eontFaetions,. the. num-
Der of them in a minute. the regularity
OF Their succession, and the general effect
of them upon the circulation. Numer-
Gus distinctions with regard to the
pulse are made by physicians; but the
principal circumstances TO be attended
to, in the case. of the horse, are, first,
its frequency, or the humber OF pulsa-
tionsin a minute, which in a healthy
horse is about forty; next, its strength.
When The contraction of the heart is
strong, the pulse is felt distinctly,
though the artery be pressed but mod
erately with the fnger; but when weak,
very little pressure will prevent its be-
/ ing felt. When the artery is too irrita-
bic and in strong action, it viii contract
quickly upon the blood ii receives, and
the impression or sensat on conveyed.
by the finger will be very short, or.
that which IS expressed by hardness;
5 when the swell of the aTtaTy is more
slow or soft, it-denotes the contrary
state; thus there may be.a frequent,
! or, as it is more commonly named, "a
quick pulse, strong pulse or a weak
pulse, and hard pulse or a soft pulse.
To this may be added the irregular or
intermitting pulse, which Of course in
dictates an irregularity in the contrac-
tions of the heart, and sometimes hap
pens when the horse does not labor un-
der any disorder. Those who wish to
attend to the diseases of horses should
make themselves familiar with the state
of the pulse, both in health and disease,
and they viii learn from experience
that il win enable them TO judge better
of the nature and probable EVENT. of a
disease than any ether single circum-
stance. In the latter periods of preg
nancy, the pulse of a COW. which in
health varies from sixty TO seventy beats
in a minute, becomes quicker; and
when within few days Of csilying gen
orally rises up TO eighty or Ninety
Prairie Farmer.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06

The battle IS lost" The two are writ
ten, one beneath the other, as follows:
no W t n n ing
t h BATH Q ost
The first letter in the top line is n.
and the one under it is {. Finding % in
the top horizontal line of the d agran.
we also look for { in the left-hand per
pendicuIar column, and, following the
perpendicular column from 70 down
ward to where the horizontal line from
insersects it, we find h at that angle.
Proceeding in this manner with the rest
of the sent nee, we obtain this cryptic
gram
HWY YJNBEY JIG PXGA
That all ordinary means of cipher
reading would fail 20 solve this may be
inferred from the fact that the letter {,
which occurs four times in the mes
sage, is represented in the cipher first
byh secondly by n, thirdly by b, and
fourthly by q. The 'undecipherab!e
cipIer'' is fully equal to its nune. If
the kcy-word be not long enough, or
too long for the message. it is repeated
as many times as are necessary, or n
fraction of it may be used To unlock
the cryptOgram the key-wOrd is APP
piled and the process reversed. -4t-s
Recently a Danish civil engineer in
vented a machine for cipher writing,
Which he calls The Cryptograph. .
This apparatus is constructed on the
general plan of the typewriter, has
forty-One signs worked by the same
number of tangents or keys. Itcan be
so arranged that two persons, having
agreed upon key-word, may commune
cate with each other in a sign language
unintelligible to others not acquainted
with the particular key-word. Ali THAT
is-necessary- is for=eae44= correspondents
to possess one of, the machines set in
the same manner. The. combinations
possible are said to be practically end
less. -Harpeg'S Bdzu7.. i---'s 4'f
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06
Precious Store in the Unite h States.

George F. Kunz has contributed to
81 The Mineral Resources of the United
States, , published by the Goverrment,
an article on American gems and
precious stones Systematics ID ming
for gems and precious stones IS carr ed
on only at Paris, Me-, and Stony Point,
n. c., but they are gathered on the
surface in many places, as sapphires in
Montana, moss agate in Colorado and
agate at Lake Su crior-
Some lightweight different minerals
occur in the United States, which have
been used as gems. Twelve of these
occur in the United States only.
Diamonds are not mine,l in this coun-
try, although they haze occasionally
been found at a number of localities.
A large diamond was found at Mani
chester. opposite Richmond Va bv. q
laborer employed in grading one of the
streets. 1t was an octahedrOn, and
weighed after it was cut over ten
carats. 1t was worth So, 900 before cut
-tinU1s gst l-E -1 100 la 1- s -rsi.
Tho prineipal1ocalities for sapphires
and rubics are in New .MeYicO, Arizona,
and Southern Colorado, Where they oc-
cur in the sand, often on ant hills,
Garnets occur in che same region, ABOUT
So, 000 wort h ofocut stones q being an
nually psoduced. 4H.f7. sa H5
. 1t is estimated that the value of the
tourmalines taken from Mt. Mica, Nc,
is between $4,000 and 500, OOO.- Tour
maline and hid lenite are regularly
mined at Stony Point, n. G., some
$500 worth having already been sold.
Rock crystal is gathered and cut in
large quantities, the sales at different
local ties probably amounting to $40, =
900 annually. Much of it is cut for
iewelry, as Lake George or Cape May
diamonds. The clear crystal for optical
purposes is almost entirely Brazilian, as
the good material found here rarely
reaches the proper channels. i1sEei
Although agates are abundant here,
nearly all the Polish specimens sold in
America have been polished in Ger
many. having originally come from
Brazil and Uruguay. Moss agates, how
ever, are collected here in large quanti-
ties, although the cutting is done
abroad.
The sunstone and moonstOne from
Pennsylvania and Virginia are Of good
quality, although as yet used bat little.
The American turquoiseis of much in
terest, but is not much used by jewellers.
Il is frequently blue when found, but
soon turns green on exposure.
Jet occurs in Colorado and Texas. and
will PROBABLY soon be utilized in the
arts. The bowenite of Rhode Island and
will;ams,te of Pennsylvania are used as
substitute for jade. 1T Springfield
(lHdSS. Republican.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06

covered, however, that existing meth
DDS of cipher-writing were unadapted
to biography; the costumes of the new
invention necessitated brevity; and thus
il was not long before there went whirl-
ing over the wire messages Of ten words
that. properly deciphered, included from
thirty to fifty.
A great proportion of commercial
messages orders to buy and sell and
the ikc-are similar in their terms, and
hence it is that single word represent
ing three or four words in frequent use
Is the plan on which our present cable
cryptography is based whereby there is
annually large saving in expense.
Then, too, as trade increased and
competition became fierce, every firm
wanted its own cipher system. distinct
from any used by other houses in the
bic us to appreciate the vast number OF
separate ciphers in use in great COM
mercial center like New York City.
Therefore, in course of time, the pre-
paration Of cipher systems for mer-
chants ard others using the telegraph
largely has come to be regular call
ing, and in every large city the sign
"Cable Codes is to be seen. At one
of these Offices we may be accommodate
ed with a cole of from fifty to five
thousand words, at a cost of hundreds
of cents or of hundreds of dollars.
Most of these codes are a phabetical-
ly arranged in parallel columns, like
shipping signals-the English words
and phrases in one column, and their
ciphere Juivalents in another. To such
magnitude has this business grown that
all languages are Fansacked tor Suitable
cryptographic codes, and every day
sees their preparation growing more
complicated and costly. NJ
The modern Geographic signals and
our various systems of shorthand may
be called examples of cipher-writing
thoughin these cases, of course, speed
and breXity are aimed at, mot secrecy.
Not seldom very puzzling cryptogram7
appear on inscriptions. The reader will
doubtless recall The AMUSING Instance
narrated in rThe sPickwiek& Papers,
There exists at the present time, on a
| tombstone in Trinity Church-yard, New
York, cryptOgram that has often
bothered many visitors to that historic
spot. Recently, however, there APP
peared in metropolitan newspaper q
solution so interesting as to be worthy
Of preservation, more especially as this
cryptogram is a capital example of 9
private alphabet The inscription in
question is on the maidstone at the
grave of James Lesson, in the uptown
corner near Broadway. 1t is quite wei
preserved, and runs thus:
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06
The Egg Machine. !

The hen is literally an egg machine,
her chief purpose beng the prod ction
of eggs. bike any othor kind of ma
chine, she must have the raw material
with which to manufacture her
products. She also has a limit to her
! capacity, and should not be expected to
perform strvice beyond her. abilty but
should, however, be kept in constant
running order, as long as she is needed
by her owner. The material upon
/ which she should work must vary ac-
cording to the requirements of. the
manufactured article, and as her in
stinct teaches her how to select, all that
is necessary is to place within her reach
that which she desires, and everything
will be well. .9as~9gn41
TospFoduee an egg the hen must have
a certain kind of food for the EYelk, or
fat portion, known as carl onaceous,
and for the white she needs foOd rich
in nitrogen,s from which she makes al
bumen. For the shell she needs lime
while manyrOther. substances enter in
to the composition which it is I'M
necessary 10 detail the omission of
any of them being detrimental to good
t work on .herpart.' Thus. while we msS1
feed. a hen liborallys apparently by
emitting to allow that which is needed
to complete the process, she. may re
main idle for the want of single sub
stance, though fully supplied switll
everything else. She often gi1es'ipdi-
cat ons Of her wants, for .the. ''so.t-
shelled eggs occasionally noticed. adj
monish the breeder that lime in some
shape IS needed. The change of color
in the comb and wattles, the dropping
of the wings and the. anxious nervous
appearance are all signs that something
is radically wrong. for when the prot
ductive organs are not healthy the
vigof of the fowl is likewise affected by
such deraugeInen zzE .Ta04aa vol.a
How important is it.-then, to en-
deavor zto keep a 1fereat kinds of raw
material within reach OF the hen IN
order toFealize FROM b en- 2alf that lsh e
can do as an egg machine be is ispeL
cialy adapted for that purpose, and her
health is better when she is in good
laying condition than at any other TIME.
Every machine sooner or later wears
ont, and ip9OrdeI5 to keep them in work
ing order they are oiled and carefully
watched, bat the hen attends to her own
details if Supplied with material, as she
is living factory for egg production.
If she wears out she supplies herdp.ace
with her descendants. ami is ever ready
10 act well her part if her owner will do
hkewise.-F'grnl, Field and FErestoe.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06

Keeping the above in mind, and re-
Numbering that he is frequently re-
curing word in English composition.
will materially aid one who essays to
unlock some seemingly intricate cryptic
gram. In those cipher systems in com
mon use the character appearing often
est, whatever il may be, will probably
stand for the letter c; if this can be de-
termincd, an important step is gained.
The same remark applies to the word
the
There is, however. n cipher that alb
solutelv deiies detection, and of it we
will now speak.
In war times such p cryptOgram IS of
great value, and perhaps it was 10 meet
this want that the French devised their
''undecipherable cipher. >
Its plan is somewhat involved, but its
secrecy can not be violated save by
those having the key-word. Both the
writer and the person to whom the
message is sent must possess a diagram
like the accompanying alphabetical di-
agram; they must be agreed as to a
key-word, and upon the success with
which the latter Is concealed depends
whether the cipher remains undeci-
pherable.
Now, let us suppose the key-wOrd
chosen b. Notwithstanding. and that
the message it is desired to send be,
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1884-03-06

j and are assumed to be identical,
which is allowable, rs it was only in
comparatively recent years that the
former was added to our alphabet. BY
aid of these clews we are enabled to see
that the Trinity cryptogram stands for
Remember Death
Printers tell us that in the English
language the letter is most used,
while a and . are wanted the least oft
en-. After come {, u, $, a, 0, 4, h, I. c,
?, "a, Il, M, I, p, IT.. q, q, b, 4, 4, and
], in order of frequency. If we tabulate
this statement we get something near
tho fDTlpxxriv,cr r.aatioc.