davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT

MR. :. f. CONANT, OF HARPER BROTHERS, REPLIES
10 MIR. sTrDMAN.
10 the EdttOr OF Ihe Irt6Hhe.
SIR: Does not Mr.. Stedman attach undue i'm
portance TO the time limitation" IN Mr.. DOrsheimers
International Copyright bin Tho argument that writer's
like Buckle, Spencer, Darwin and Otner great thinkers
whose work may not be ''mmediately popular might
suGer ly reason restriction Will not bear inves
cation In the hight OF facts The very men whose names
Mr. stedman cites obtained immediate recognition in
this country and their works more widely read here
and with keener appreciation than in England American
scholars and American publishers have been swift TO
recognize the work OF great English thinkers without
waiting for The verdict OF English readers and critics.
Should international copyright become established,
either by treaty or act Of Congress- foreign author will
be likely 10 delay moment to the benefit of the
A loican market however pOnderous or insignificant
might be books but saoud he neglect his own inter-
csts here his publishers would not fail to make the app
cation for him. He would thus be secure Of the American
market until the time of limitation should expire, and
within that period he could connt with certainty upon
making arrangements for publication in this country
He would be much more likely however, to ar
range Tor simultaneous puDhea'iQn, ana IN pTac-
malignant wOud in most cases he reduced TO nothing
There are doubtless Objectionable features IN Mr..
DorsheimeI's bil; but long acquaintance with the
book trade III this country leads Inc to think that Mr..
stedan oycI-csmates the danger of the clause against
Mr stedman refers also to what Is pleased to call
the IIarDcr circular, and Yeys the idea that the
signatures a few prominent authors were obtained
through friends of" certain great houses after which
t was not difficult 0nduce elderly and eminent writers
to append their names" etc Now, the trouble Is tbat
the paper which he refers was not Harper CIR
cuar, nor any way "A pnbnshGrs CIR
cuar IL was in fact an authors circular,
written bv MI w. d. Howells without solicitation on the
parI of any publisher, and the first signatures thereto
wee obtancd by hu. The iat contains tie names OF
such venerable and elderly authors a. Thomas Bailey
AdrcL. Charles Dudley Warner, :. l.. Clemens, ana
others vino may be startled by the implication conveyed
Mr. 9tedman's phrase IL may be diilcult' however,
TO persuade that they did not act upon their own
coasiderste judgment in signing that circular as MI
Stedmau did IN Withholding his own name.
Very truly yours
Nclr York, Feb 1G. lss4. SIS. CONANT.
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
An OUrBREAK or C4TTLE PEST
The FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE AFFECTS TWENTY
FIVE HEAD IN NAME
IBYrELEGRAPu 10 TIE rsIsUSE.I

Bosroy. Feb. ia dispatch to The
T,rooi from Portland Name says that The suspected
foot and mouth d at Decrng short distance from
Portland has become Of SD pronounced character tnaI
the fact of its prcsclcc can be no longer cohcear"
Every cndcavor will Dc made to prevent its spreading
evona it present bounds Several days the rulhor
that the disease had made its appearance was cOnradced,
and the prevailing malady pronounced simple hool
disorder that would readily Yield to treatment on
Wednesday last the sclcctmcn or Deerng cohcud' 10
have careful examination made OF the Affected cattle OF
Iemucl Rolfe: and Dr. FW Huntingdon v :, was sent
for who at the close Of his examination pronounced Che
,ntols similar 10 those of the foot and mouth disease
Afterward inquiry revealed the same disorder among
fine herd, Of yc-,rs West and Pierce OF Falmouth Ip 10
this time no attempt has been made to quarantine any oi
these herds though their disease appeared similar TOT
Affecting the cattle at the qUMdutiue station MI
SEatuck Who has charge Of the quaran;ne station mas
also couple of cattle of his own affected with the
di.oa.e making total Of about twenty five animals
hosides the quarantncd herd of imported stock Dr.
Thaycr the United states Inspector OF ori2slouS 1r
eases among cattle, ~ Once CAV TS riati"ns over
matter and Instituted sillct quarantine Iesu'''9 o''
the infected herds. ,.,,, &,
mystery but it was probably brought over p& 49, 80 %
imported recently from Europe as there had Dee9 no
he vicinity OF Dcering. i- supposed that the inpo tel
cattle contracted ne germs Oh l"' NJ & ~? , &
tariou can DE thus transferred Is we'll authenticated y
I,l h raunr- which also state that il De carried
con- 1o,lc di stance i'm e. air IT. particles are minute,
hut they have powerful vitality Ju" may "uclc - ic
food tt ha, lain hrfolc infected hrJSt- 10 the ht'rf
fnu fine stalls even after has been hcapcd ior weeks;
10 the clothes OF attendants to the Noon - wal" oI stS
OF buildings: to upcrfectly cleaned cattle trucks.
Tho disease usually appears in from three 10 slA days
aitcr thc animal. exposure The tcmpcraturc of the
body rises to lOl OF lO7 and i, followed by smackng
of The lips. q mucou, discharge from The mouth,
,,onaer Of the milk secretion. amcucss ard continual
iions appear on hp- and tongue and in the inter
digita space, OF the feet The di,case Is not necesSr&
fatal though prove severe strain on the system ana
causes rapid los, JI Herh.
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
ILLITERACY AMONG VOTERS.

FIGURES PREPARED To SHOW THE NEED OF
NATIONAL AID TO EDUCATION.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 7.-Representative Willis
expects to have his bill providing for Federal aid to ed
cation ayOraby reported this week from the Committee
on Education. lie has prepared liable which shows
that ieracy holds the balance of power in fourteen
Northern and in all rhe Southern States The report says
In the hrtyelght States there 1,S7l,217 iterAte
voters only one voter in five can write his
name. The illcrate voters in South Carolina
than half in Alabama, Florida, Mississippi
Georgia North Carolina and Virginia one ia two while
Missouri with in nine, presents the best record
among the Southern States In the Presidential election
OF 1876 New-YOrk New Hampshire, NewJersey, Con-
neCticut, Indiana, California, Nevada Ohio, Oregon
Wisconsin, Illinois, Rhode Island Michigan and PeDnsy
vana ranged the side OF iterscy. In the last
Presidential contest thirty OF the States OF the union
with 29S electoral votes, were again within the
domination OF sOveregns who could not read the very
charter OF their Liberties. The m2ontes which they gave
could have been OyerthrOwn by combined vote OF their
lteratA voters If those maiOr.tles bad been hVe
times great they In 1876 Mr.. TGens MAJOR
ty of the popular 157 39i; In 1850, Mr. Tar
helds majority only 3033. In 1875, GO OF our 20
Senator'S threehths OF the whole and 2J9 or the W.
Representatives in the grasp Of iteracy. In 1880
80 OF rs Senators and 292 OF our 23 Representatives
in states and districts where tcrate voters mold
the balance of power"
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18

interested and friendly feeling in Congress. The ques
ton Is novel aud embraces the whole principle or
modern journalism. That which we call news II q
modern invention much gtta percha or the reapng
machine II demands the very best and rarest OF skilled
labor IL involves forecast, organization and outlay III
Is an intellectual and material product Why has II not
the same ghtO legal recognition and protection as other
classes OF property z"
Mr. Watterson asked what he proposed to define or
describe the news to be OF copyright and said -" should
include al original special and general matter exceeding
one hundred words sent by post wire and embracing
the original communication OF information OF any and
every description Such act cannot operate in favor
OF one newspaper and against another. assn
clatOn over another. IL Is simply bar to rOgJes and
fixes the same penalty upon stealing which the law
visits upon the stealing of other forms Of property. How
can any honest journalist object TO thatf
"Can you formulate such measure so that Il will stand
Congressional testsp
81 think | have done so. I haye drafted
q bill and prepared an argument to go with
it, which, though by perfect, believe will give
practical application and bearing to thu question.
sent the case to Congress Thus commissioned, came
here and have proceeded with great deiberatOn and
care, because was fully conscious OF the argeness and
negness of the question and the practical difficulties IN
the way. In the beginning was not at ali clear IN ny
mind. But the Dave considered and discussed
It, the more convinced have become that the TINE Is at
hand when III. law should recognize and protect new
species of property which other recognized ana protected
modern inventions creatcdhat Is, collected news
against concurrent pratca publication"
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
ocracy. Matchless in grace. Maryclously gfted I'D
| WOmans grand observation-disclosures
ADIRONDACK LEGISLATION.
A BILL FINALLY AGREED UPON.

MEASURES PROVIDED FOR THE PRESERVATION OF
THE FoREsTs-PowERs AND DUTIES OF The
COMMISSION.
fFRoM AN CtsIoyAL CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRIBUNE
ALBANY, Feb. 17.-When the members OF the
present Legislature to take up the question OF
forest preservation, they confronted with con-
ficting suggestions, emanating from sources entl-
tied TO consideration. Thus what the Governor had
to recommend in his annual message was by no
means what the State Engineer proposed IN his an
nual report; while the bill cmbodying the views ot
the Special Committee on Adirondack Preservation
appointed by the last Senate dieredly widely from
the measure which had the indorselnent oil the
Chamber of Commerce of Now-York. These vary
ing schemes. however, agreed in one thing; that
something must be done, and that speedily, to save
The water supply.
After free COMPARISON of views a bill has been
aoreed upon. which it is thought will prove
generally acceptable TO the greatest number.
II provides for an Adirondack Reservation
10 consist of lands now Owucd by the state and OF
additional lands included within certain speclhed
lines In this particular the compromise bill tollows
the Lansing bill OF the reservation, it may be sald'
without going into particulars, that 1t includes Ihe
watershed of Central New-York which feeds the
Hudson and related streams. Three COMMISSIONERS
are provided for-two more than the Lansing Dill
called for The Commissioners are appOlhled py 'ho
Governor and Senate, and are TO receive salary
the amount of which has not yet been agreed nPon.
The members of the original hoard are to hold for
two four and six years, respectively and AT the eX
pration of the term of each new Conlni--loher IS
10 be appointed for six years. 1t IS made
the duty of the Commissioners to cause an
lands now owned, or which may be acquired
for the reservation, to be located and, when
necessary. surveyed; to make .he necessary
rules and regulations for the preservation OF the
lands: to protect forest wardcns; and TO inquire
into the cxpediency of the further acquisition OF
lands. The Commission is to report annually 10
the Legislature with special reference TO- the laws
that seem necessary to the protection of the forests
and water supply. The Attorney-General Is re, %
quired to bring suit against persons repor'eu 70
INN by the Commission as having committed Tres
pass upon the State lands, and fine of 500 IS lnl-
posed for cutting any tree standing upon ne res
eryation with intent to remove 1t. PrONlsioh u
made ior tho proper assessment ana taNation vi
the reservation lands, and for the partition OF sicn
tracts as the State individual interest III
with any person. The sum Of S3O,OlO IS 9ppro-
priated TO carry ont the provisions OF the act'
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
Assault or LAST SUMMER RECALLED

CAPTAIN Schultz and officers Worth and
sarvi. Of the Iarbor Police last night arrf 'ted william
stillggoncr short, thcR-et man. Who Is captain OF the
tpg Municipal rs he came oat OF liquor store IL Avenue
q near sixtccnth-st lie WAS taken TO the Eleventh
Precinct police station and locked up lie IS TIC ilhS
leader Of the gang Of mhius Who on August l0 1883
attacked policoman Oliver Vance stewart on tram
returning from GOcsaway, and beat him 80 severely th&t
on Feb uary . he died from the ELECTS oil the INJURIES
,gi.ich he had received. Stewart ald his wife were
rctirniue from RocEaway when they saw the rulians
otfec, Adolph Boyer who on the train win Dis
family Stewart went - Bcyers assistance ANA
Luoclcd down two OF the ruran-, but lie was hmaelf
knocked down and beaten with brass knucklcs ana
kicked by tie others. lie made one of the men a
i,,.nI.r loV,ycr und handed him over 10 the Long
Island Police 1ne man was George sinl"aGoncr
william ~tlwazuLcra prothc. oi George Who hta "oh
tbr Ifi.. LuuclIr. followed stewart over tho inIR
fonrtn-,t. ferry and aenn aliacAou MN Oh ''' ''"
Gror,e Stiwarpn-r was sent 10 state, Prison for
tv, ltr tcar- William VINO d. only tNthy INt years
old h5l 10 the -0lih snort uin' "-', hoN'''f,
thinking that the coast WAS 81 an hr io'uihel "ll
resumed command oI the tug Municipal. ht u H'"
under indictment in Long Island tltJ j." t' "'a"H Oh
OtICtI stewart.
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
Il. Il. RANTER.

II. II. Baxter, the well known railroad con-
tractor died last night at his house No j9S Fifth
He had sick years with disease, OF the heart,
kidneys and liver, anu died from exhaustion Gcuer,I
Baxter VIE born at Bellows Fails VI, ia 1913. rs the
son Of Judg 20 II. II Baxter OF the Vermont supreme
Court. While still young he went 10 Boston, ana
there became q clerk la mercantile house shorty mtei
reaching his majority contractor who was oudIns a
railway from Boston TO Balll.-ton vas 'ompcieH py
various reasons 70 lcllnqu.sa his contract YOUNG
Baxter took It mp and hhi'hea INC
to,d succe-sfuly. After his good foi Anc
ia New England lac went TO OHIO and after building sew
oral r,;lr,,ts there came 10 this city abon 1850. lie
WA. made ycc-presidcnt OF tle Ncwlork Central,
.ucceedng Mr Keep Wun Commodore Van
d.rl,ur obtained control o. the road De turned out
ALI ;bo direction, except General B'Ntr who rcma ned
for lous time one of Mr. vanderbilt confidential aiVs-
crs Ia 1879 ho built country seal 81 Rutland w., and
.st,bli,ued the Baxter National Bank Ot Rutland o.
which he was president WhcI Ac ded ne was appointed
Inv tioyrrnor Fairbanks. of vermont AOnnniD general
ami ia that capacity supeuntenlot tuo enlistment aud
egupuisnt Of tlc Vermont troops tu th rebellion. Noar
Rutland General Baxter hl large stock fauu, ana pred
tlOr0us bDIed HORSES uu LAD 4or h4OoI " es con-
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
THE WEATHER REPORT.
GOVERNMENT INDICATIONS.

WASHINGTON, Feb. 17.-For New-England,
cloudy weather and rain, slight rise in temperature
east to south winds. lower barometer
For the Middle Atlantic States, rain followed during
Monday by clearing weather, rising temperature, falling
followed in southern portions by rising barometer east
south winds shifting to sOuthwcstery in southern
portions
For Tennessee and the Ohio Valley, rain and cloudy
weather. followed by parly cloudy weather, southctiy
winds becoming variable, slight rise in temperature ana
falling followed by rising barometer and slight fall in
temperature I'm west portions.
tOr the Lower Lake region. cloudy weather and rain,
eaStcry winds bpcOU ing variable, falling fobOweh ~
west portions by rising barometer nearly stationary
temperature.
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18

Letters Europe ally hrectst ior -
54tcB by particular stotnarin 1ti'r - - t.e
livery ss.ih llDj Is o.. rtlsiAlo nus 80 ''"S'A
b, ne 4dst5sj yeSsss tStttJle - =, ..f,, .,,,s,.
F1ie gn iatls 81 tas "ssK 81 Nns teo'"@'' - "''
utsoAOo ~ ' n n fot tue WmdWarl Islsnd per ss.
IamblrJugh Via Ijaroa'os. at D. IL I"' Ai'' p' d
AT ga m iOr France elttcL per g. 8 an
" MS At for i.ufupr, per s. = Sfy-
~ ~. Queenstown uepers for F'anc' must De di.
-. osr -cy.lua'It a. tft a. n lo tho NtihitldAls
i'ifa A,neriea tho south facuC pOr,s and TIE est
,'a,t ui aI,XcO. Dei s. ny o Ira wa Aaph Naii
VA rlvu1utn ana hamDuiSi AT p Va .Of ne!hn's,
rrf "a Oluoco, a. loJ y m lot 'aDs t'tto iAc' aud
N.Ni.a. DOR q titr ui +4cAWA4iA Wa havana ~ Z
D. m .or Brazu and the Ia Plata Countries, per :.
t-piSti- Al ...Op. d. ioI rwViuo and Ruatan per
N-TU. o.. VIA NcN-ttlt~uS; az ; p tu. Tor New.
folu. ana lud st. pcuc1i. luciOu, VIA Half3&.
SATURDAY AT a. m l0r f1ld u-d AAr"ulam BtAtl per
4. .lnfu-s. at ID fpr Ge. many, tt.. per q. =.
oder VA 0u.thampt1n aud Btcneu tlettrIs i0r iIeat
t.. and ot e.. Euiopuan tUunles mAst be directed
Vh.0l, va Queenstown (cttots tpg Germany etc, mast
Doe dIccte1 per ttY ui 'hi'a, o. % 1850 ni Tor
scotland dIIecl per \ b,von.a, wa GLASGOW lett
directed "prr Uoyoua al o. o. Jamaica a. !
Honduras rel 4. tUudn; at 1880 L u. or nDA dLi
rorlo lu,O. prr So Ntwpotl Fll Havana. a 'l 2 ~.
ior IrllluE UIcct per A. ~Wltloliilt va An Ncrp
81 NhAl AT tjf D. h ior Noha'idS aho ii''hss'N Pot
=. a. Iuct 4. Mtut., wa NtN- OitDAilS 49,.
Mans Io. thlul Japan. per Oceanic Nlt ~an ran
Cl,oOl close hers M". D. l. al p. DID, N'ts Ol N's
t..,. c.I44.i, -iHA NiDh ana tD i'"s - D ,
Australia wa lu Francisco close b, re- MAJ - al
d. u ,or ou arrival az NeW-Notk 81 :. = britAnlAAl
with British mails ior Australia
.rhesc ius ol sof I1lPac1a mau7 arranged oa
tnr nratIuplsA Lltr uninterrupted Ogtttapt transit "a
ran krlnUl.,1 dnls IJm ono st,s tNls oS lAk ~ AL
Frenc.soO lay OF sauago steamer, tfs spa'one
'f''''' ''0 '"'N' HENRY e. PEARsoN Postmastss
tSsI OlIea As~'loIA- ~. A. tebluan -. iSoh
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
OBITCARY.
PROFESSOR 5. WELLS WILLIAMS,

NEW-HAyFV, Feb. 17.-PrOfcSs0r Samuel
Wells Williams. LID, of Yao College. died Yesterday
after two weeks Illness The funeral VII. be held at
O'Clock on Tuesday afternoon.
Professor Williams WAS bo.n in Utica y. Y, on Septem-
Der % 1872 and graduated at tho Rensselaer, Poly
technc Institute at Troy in 1882. In 1898 he went to
Canton China, az printer TO the American Board Of
Foreign Missions He succeeded in placing the Of the
mission on a good foundation. He applied himself to the
study of Chinese and rapidly gained an extensive ac-
auaintance with and published number Of standard
books that were useful to students who came after
him Soon after Foing to China Dr. Williams undertook
the editorship Of The chinese REPOSITORY in which he vas
assisted by many able contributors After the lapse OF
many years The ReDostory extending through twenty
volumes says The CtlcSio Empire (Shangha sis looked
upon as of priceless worth and tho Of tie editor will
be long and h0nOrably remembered by n0logues In
necon with it, Professor Williams completed at Macao
i'm 1885 the printing of Medhurst's "Hokkeen Die
tionary" 1887 he visited Japan to return some ship
wrecked sailors and after be learned the japanese
language into which hc translated the Book of Genesis and
Matthew He aided DR.. Bridgman in preparing the "Cn
ncse Chrestomathy and in 1872 he published his Easy
Lessons in Chinese" This followed In 1si4 by
"The Chinese Commercial Guide" and " An English and
Chinese Vocabulary in tho Court Dialect" In lS45 Dr
Williams returned the United states, remaining here
for three years, and delivered course OF pub
lie lectures on Chinese subjects which delight
ed and instructed many audiences In 1913
he published The Middle Kingdom" work which still
cousd red to best the kind in China In lSiS
he returned to China with font OF Chinese type
made in Berlin In 1sJ3'ji he accompanied Commodore
Perry to Japan the interpreter .or the expedition He
was appointed Secretary and Interpreter for the Uned
States Legation III Japan. Of which he had
l,r until the arrival Of the first Minister n 1876 DR.
Wililms published "T0nic Dictionary Of the Chinese
Language the Canton Dialect" INT most oi the copies
csr LuT cd viii the miss a Macao in December
NJ ftb,f wear I'm 1898 be aided William H. Reed in nHgO-
tiuC Inc treaJ Ieutsln,aud l 1893 no accompanied
Mr. Ward To pekin TO exchange the ratlcatiOns.
Dr. Williams revisited the United states in lS6OIGl,
bnt returned to China 1862 Sec
rctary OF the Cnted N.ates Legation, then first
established at prkiR IN S6j ne published fifth edition
of ms Chinese Commercial Guide" winch he mad nearly
rewr ten Iu - he bro ht ont al Shanghai tue great
work his lie The -rlauic Dictionary Of the Chinese
Taugsgc" aud m ls7G he returned 90 tc United states,
having been appointed lecturer on Chinese ~ Yale Col
lee Where hl remained until LIS death.
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
TIE ANTHRACITE coal TRADE
4 HEAVY TRADE ARArIoNs By
THE READING COMPANY.

THE READING COMPANY
PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 17.-There are now in
cour. of construction at the shops Of the Philadelphia
and Reading Railroad Company 800 for the anra
cite carving trade of fifteen each The anticpa-
tons of the company are that the spring trade Will be
cuoruons and that its equipment will be taxed IL It's ut
most The Anticipated increase in the trade Of this year
may he ncaslred by the fact that the number of
bu bv the company year only GA or s56 less
than the number 10 be built in sS4. Thirty locomotives
also m be built for the coal service. An officer Of the
comnony states that the suspensions in miung adopted
bv the coal combination for the regulation o supply viii
he c.ntinurd until April ding nineteen days more OF
suspcnssn this year. II rule of three days work in
Zach week OF that time is carried This viii give
total suspension for the year OF toryesht days against
hfty-one days last year.
The total amount of coal mined by the company in 1sS3
wa. $50 GG7OG tons, and the expectations for this
wear are 600 900 tons 1t is contemplated gradually
increase the output until IN three years time 1t shall reach
the enormous figure OF 100000 tons This will
sitate new openings in tho southern coalfeld where
shafts will be sunk to the depth of 1000 feet and at
which depth II is calculated that the Mammoth vein will
pierced al = thickness OF forty feet This hed mas Oeen
extensively worked before, but only IN the oyerymg
veins. The Reading Companys officers state that not
withsandng the enormous amount ef coal taken out OF
the territory cOntrOued by IL lhefe - sun an aIoaJ
haustble field 10 draw upon ttPIesdent GoWeD oI T. e
Reading Company contends that the Schuyk region Is
the most prolific OF all the coal territories and that when
the others have been despOed that enc VIII be called
inon In "a eet the demands of the country The company
preparing to the Increased demand fer coal by the
etnnloyment Of machinery which will not only facilitate
g. PRODUCTION but lessen the cost OF mining IT, II is -s
that the losses n mnng anthracite csa fully
40 10 a. per cent Of the entire YIELD and with Improved
machinery it is proposed to reduce ms 10 80 per cent
aud a-o the cost or pOducuOn per tOR from
a. i'm =. u 1T
New-York tribune., 1884-02-18
NOT SEEKING a NOMINATION.
THE SEEMINGLY PASSIVE ATTITUDE OF POSSIBLE
CANDIDATE

CANDIDATE.
rBY TELEGRAPH TO TIE TRIBUNE.l
WASHINGTON, Feb. 17.-Judging by present
apnearances far asinson is concerned the Re
publican party seems likely TO be spared the inhcton Of
the visiting gang Of political tOOers" who have been In
the habit of making their presence known and felt here
I'm the few months Immediately preceding political
pan Although all or nearlyathe men no generally
regarded as probable possible candidates for the Re
publican nomination for the Presidency the National
capits there an agreeable absence of the miniature
Warvcs whose chief aim in life heretofore has seemed
IN he 70 prud their time in assuring this that leading
politician that he is the coming man. and That they can
,set un the convention ~ this State that to
"captlre the delegates" for him. The times are ont
of iont for these What every man suspected OF
bahor,ng Presidential bee now TO desire above
ali things else is seem, at least To have no systematic
orr omen efforts made to secure pledges in his behalf