The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-09-10

,,s,rs,,s q ths c-ls,ketreSS ~ ccatrsctson
q the tNtSSs-r ~ which is ecrres ur, A
s-sN{ f,rsctical eNs-urle g c,anycteNd h
srsi> M standing a. the >Su,e lcNel : sseee
y ,,,r ssts->,sr uel,> Ia tke reightNGbo>Nd
- H.,,e,l-,i,t. wht-e The NSte- VII always
a.,y cst hcv-rai,y 81 height - stcui a.
fg,.t sb,vv TX "a level wGilc there Is No
R,-,l,t sh.s.-,g- thzI the >znrc >tratutu u
,7tt..- = ,S.,-r,s,.ts>i with the yS,eSe AMI
rsr,> q i-tc 70 81 >csne tisp,h hcreSth the
,arfscs, bet there y s column ~ salt va
,cr sta >pecifc gravity q ltS against
tkss q IL f-,>h water 81 ], bcss,ies
wh,ch there = the extra length - Fss
>.s-,, O. f,rcg itSsB thrucct between the
,ts,s " ss-v the srteSisr hcyv >trtkeS q ard
~, fs,5-t where i rcschge tke >ed In
s,,s, r,,--gcse,i s1-,,i> cvvr 81 thc SINE
3s-,irv Do ret ur,i1z Sl Circumstances
>ts-3 az the >tr,g lcycl ana when the
liy=>5sy vs-1es seey s2sy ,ssiai >tss,iiiy =,
very AEe-v-t leyel>. What = u stlu
r,crv lrpcrtsrce m tn gge~to1 q ~
s,,s,abcS. =, that whca tvC cc--cc,s't col-
y.=.rs 70 Laws cksrss taclr heights by tif
servrcye occE-rtrS IN thar oeE>,iy, rot
yhe ,lrSGte>t >y-lvtcae " sympathy u,
.weec tEs-l I, q " expected ts,1i such =
cAIrSy
Arv cze ussy 1a2Sy >Czac lussrss5lrS sX
r,,-;s,s.,,.S illustrative u the gcs'cr y
molten lava, u tub,> cccrected with
s-y-s-ssl molten .-8SS, b constructing q
.l.yss,g metal bsN u The toy q which S-s
Inserted slsss tcbes q dSersrt dlccsser
~ : i-chss u ircA- ard then nearly
SIM ths wkcls wlik -scirec Stea--ce-
Ar,,,'y ls--us underneath - u - heat the
stsd---s ecrally, bet keeping The temper,
s-urs under the bciLrE pCL-t. Il WI
.he- L. f-u-& tkg- tie Lgc-l3 stands Sseca
i,v h,.-hess n Tie bU-Sses tcrss while II
tie sr,slIsSt ores u VII stand the lowest.
BY cc--scs,.c s rx-rvv rr,tc with the side
q the brH by az s-rrw sL1-tl2z> down
ws-t>. tie s,sa-tas VII 1sssz treezs low
dow IN Tie trbs l. = evident th1t the
v53s- the TAKES s-e. the lsss the ccutSinec
head D, c,rclsi ly -caiSt1Cc ard cucgt.ic-
csCc ~ urvrcrt1CZ g. IL l-ISs, t-ssll;s's
Which tie convection currents I'E treely
II IL v-rlsr ruhss, while they g-v almost
Destroyed II The uS-Cvw CceS- he ~
S-,,r = a cc-s5israrle relative excess q
ts-rs-as--y ard cc-Sequs-. sxpJ1S1oc n
IL, w1,ssr rubes ~ that lcc,,er column
q l5,-ss ! rala-e,sl by q shorter column
N tie vEr-vB EUrsS. whfls ~ The case
where the cvrveytlCr currents Gre de-
s-ryve,t ths Ec-l3 coos - rJprtly
u o. set Sold low down n the tcoe.
These curvecllr cur-sEs>, b's . Observed
have NJ c,-asctlcr WITH ssed- u eIp1rd-
mp gases. DC. g-s the simple results u
gIrg-ss-- rv EzgE Il rE-> sIp'srL1ls1E
W. ear see t,stlrs IL how hgu1i r-SSs q
crs gs-usra.u-s and density below. may
ssz-s sssa.ilIy GO different heights II col
INNS cCu-sc1s,i With Il. The application
C c,I---,-s q Iva connected With one I'M
vr-S1I srhs-rs.z-, staining a. dlEsrsr.
h------s n thgse columns / ubvlCuS MOI
tn S-sG---s sss-zs % behave n many ~
sweets as molten lava does when exposed
& e,,cl-rS- 4 variety q Interesting 1ca--
cc-s> nav L. exhibited by the appar1-1s
55,s described By reducing the hedt. OK
increasing ths gold q crust WI form On
The >-r-tsce q the StsG-I-s. Allowing tie
whole grva-1su> 20 cucl a little. the uo.tsE
<-sg---s WI contract IL the tu1ts. some
times rs5-sa-l-E FROM ths crust and lsdE.
NJ srace between 4 second crust VII
gcca,5g-E--v form bsi1v. LLl>crgtLc-S w-l-
i rfssz sser II the cra5sr CE kliIusu- On
s---lv heating -g the grpd-15uS 1=-1l-
All t-puE-- CO tie crust 70 VII b. seen
e. Descend with the convection eu-rgc1s
AND r. melt. I-ss a, the LAVA cr->as appear
% 3D. Ia tLg 8Azs q hl-ausus
IL me. while the behavior Of the molten
and SOLID -tsa-t-s EXHIBITS what most other
szr,-rTzeuss with -z-lGs1 substances Do.
that q Esrsccss Of J5EperTsurV nay prC-
i-cs q reversal q the relative isCSlslss II
s-.a s.rI-E y-i rlcl5gc states. there < NJ t-E--
rr-l-v alyr-s 5la f-r-zI--CE q j sold crust
or d u1gi1su ssr'-Stru1-E-1- Wl--s u suggests
IT, possibility u even q isEssr crust re-
rlaEzz-- supported By less dense liquid
1rrel.E u. especially when there = IN cp-
r,rs--i1v offered s-r boiling Up tubes
Or cones above the crust. l1 winch 1l-cer
column Cf the less dense liquid acting On
rEs --l.s, below becomes the substitute t''r
rs smaller density and the crust becomes
Enthusiastically ra-I-csG volcanoes sCcl
a, E-z-a-sa and M1EzaweCwg1 with Their
cones and ccrGEts cCE-l1----- liquid LAVA
1u5-s rrg sa- above the earth sJ-fIcs- tins
arUeur is portions q a system u SELF act
NJ machinery By winch the cCmpa-gsIvsly
cold crust Z tie earth i sustained upon
Is less dense. and wE-1s-LCt. molten sub
scr1-1-
l. r.l-v -sCl-C-szs refer volcanic acton
--Iz-rv o. 1hs Cccl-.slCr Of wa-gr or steam
II scs Llvas. rlslzE from great depths. L L
u-Cs1 Important point t. ascertain E1sthsr
or not tt EIva--a1 LIvas %. Il 4 rule.
1ccL-1,5s F1ssr CT stsHu- Captain DZZ1sln
-5hcu-l BE- does not attribute the ulIl1
action b -LS cu--se-Sesrs O have 10
5cult cf u. ant refers 90 any fragment Of
EIEa-a- gIi8tiJg u 4 PROT b u-Zr5
have atiss,f Hr. FIR both ara constantly
crowded with vgsCEc-ss. But w1a1 L the
rr-cf that these vEsclciss I-g caused By
susa-- CT vauCr Ct Eu5zr' L1uy vls'F sEzrs
l. II such rrucE LtHve always boxed zl9uE
these vsscIclgs Wherever fund except u
czrraz- very e--sptl-la- cases SIMPLY
AZ Bubbles The most notable Instance
Ct 5Es vasczcu-a- zzructz-s L % bs Oh
served a5 II cur --ea1 lava fountains. The
I4-r spCrss " u1,ier head u 10 nj a,-i
firms f-1-5a--- l-r 15 tie SINE tune I
l1iH CT rCci IF ucl1gr lava L 6-rCec.
IrgGzE II L t-U-5a1 q any lis 1-,i TINS
thrown l111 the az and falling 111 the
SINE i-,----,1 below produces a 1-lss 4 tca-n
or AZ -ui-i1isss winch arg l-EIZ E--T- u
i1tg tie ar Lava foam when TINS r1-gFu
" = instantly converted Ii -lass-t1au-
when = -i1s SIMPLE -r---1 e cur =J-ca-lzci
ruurp. Il bsiz- cu1Egr-s= Ct glass ar
cells - E.zht AZ O iCa5 n Wa1sr-
When the E.-ns t-TtEy uass e molten
-iass TVS TFI- On The RIVER 4 uci5zn
lava winch proceeds from these t11-EzI1s-
Il -rgl.s r7-IliLv and forms the .l-1l1arT =7Ir
t7cs Il Cur no strsaz-s. The I1Esr-ilr q Al
tr zargar1. WIEN II has had TINE % settle
arE crzzEly rcUL D. cf1Eu gl1-1s cCu15act.
T--l,7Tl- 7asel.lss Bu1 even the l11sr--r
uur-lcn winch Dours n LIKE ca1arscrs over
1-a uneven surface 1f the ground. mist Be
constantly enclosing Ei- 1ri-1lss w--cL .-st
frozen u. Let e1g Cne waH-h even .-su-
Tie =traHu e wzzsr pouring t-1u1 a small
E,si-ls l111 reservoir, be VII d1t tne
7g1-zr u -Ee rick Il t-s surar-n- stream
o. be f1-I Ct AZ bubbles. a f1G1Eaz1 It cat-
aract provinces masz II foam
an wei aEa-s tlat TIE freezing pro-
c,s== tents o, zzcITI,is ar 5u11iss and even
solids u -CiI1HlCn- AMI TINS effect l. cum-
monty seen d Cur gHiaatas lH7as. The
outer tim crust l. Cf1Hn composed q a
c,1mracr --iass E-rlntlTTG vsstIclas= the t-HsZ
uE pr1cEss. ECvH7Er- Fu-cn q cr7JI-ss-
commences from the CurlsIIia has frozen the
1Ui-hias n FIR inst inside the cCmPacr
,-iasEg c-a1d1- perhaps half al uch Ct
nlirp ri-i.l tina an -r--i,lias 8re closely -rlnl
pacuad