Morning journal and courier., 1884-12-02

hat it's adoption, under proper eondlhons, IS ,eually an accommodation to the public and m advantage to the postal service; u as more than self-sustaining, and, for the req sons urged by the Postmaster General, may be properly extended.
 In the opinion of that officer it is proper to provide means whereby exceptional dls- patch in dealing with letters in free defvery offices may be secured by the payment of ex- traordinary postage. This scheme might be made effective by the employment of spec iaI stamp. whose cost should be commensu- rate with the expense of the extra service. In some of the large cities private express companies have undertaken to outstr1p the | government mail carriers by aford1ng for the | prompt transmission of letters better facll1- ties than have hitherto been at the command of the postoffice It has always been the I policy of the government to discourage s9cn enterprises, and in no better mode can that policy be maintained than in supplying the public with the most efficient mail service, that. with due regard to it's own best inter ests, can be furnished for it's accommodation.
 The Law Department.
 The Attorney General renews the reeom- mendation contained in his report of last year touching the fees of witnesses and iurors. He favors radical changes Tn the fee bill. the adoption of system by which at torneys and marshals of the United States tshall be compensated solely by salaries, and the erection by the government Of penlten- tiary for the confinement of offenders against it's laws.
 TI.e Interior Department. Of the varied governmental concerns in charge of the Interior department the report of it's Secretary presents an interesting sum mary Among the topics deserving part1cu- lar attention refer you to his observations respecting our Indian affairs, the pre-emption and timber culture acts, the failure of rail road companies to take title to lands granted bv the government and the operations Of the pension office, the patent office, the census office and the bureau of education. THE INDIAN QUESTION.
 AIlusion has been made already to the cir cumstance that both as between the different Indian tribes, and as between the Indians and the whites the past year has been one or unbroken peace In this circumstance the President is glad to find justification for the policy of the government ill it's dealing With the Indian question, and confirmation or the views which were fully expressed in his first communication to the Forty-seventh Con gress- . The Secretary urges anew the enactment Of a statute for the punishment of crime com mitted in the Indian reservation and recon mends the passage of the bill now pending in the House of Representative for the purchase of a tract ot 19 GOO square miles from the
 Sioux reservation. Both these measures are
 worthy of approval.
 THE PACIFIC RAILROAD.
 I concur with him also in advising the re- peal of the pre-emption law, the enactment l of statutes resolving the present legal conn plications touching land grants to railroad companies, and the funding of the debt of the several Pacific railroads, under such guaranty as shall effectually make sure its l ultimate payment.
 MOrmOnfsm.
 The report of the Utah commission will be I read with interest. It discloses the results of recent legislation looking to the prevention | and punishment of polygamy in that territo- ". I still believe that, if that abominable 1 practice can be suppressed by law, It can | only be by the most radical legislation con l sistent with the restraints of the constitution | I again recommend therefore, that Congress | assume absolute political control of the Ter ritory of Utah and provide for the appoint | ment of commissioners with such government 1 powers as ill it's judgment may justly and
 wisely be put into their hands.
 l TEe Industrial Policy. | In the course of this communication refer | ence has more than once been made to the policy of this government regards the ex- | tension of our foreign trade. It seems prop I CT to declare the general principles that l should in my opinion, undeFlie our national l efforts in this direction. The main condi- tions of the problem may be thus stated | We are a people in mechanical pursuits and | fertile invention we cover vast extent ol
 territory rich in agricultural products and II nearly all the raw materials necessary for sue l cessful manufacture; we have system oi 1 productive establishment more than sufficient
 to supply our own needs; wages of labor art
 nowhere else so great; the scale of living ol
 our artisan classes is such as tends to secure their personal comfort, and the development
 I ,,I Eo11 -1o1 ol
 ities that go to the making of good citizens
 our system of tax and tariff legislation Ii
 yielding a revenue which is in excess of tht
 present needs of the government.
 SEEKING NEW MARKETS.
 These are elements from which it is sought 1 to devise scheme by which without unfa
 vorably changing the condition of the work I ingmen our merchant marine shall be raised from it's enfeebled condition and new mar
 kets provided for the sale beyond our bor
 ders of the manifold fruits of our industria
 enterprises The problem is complex anc
 can be solved by no single measure of inno vation or reform. The countries of th'
 American continent and the adjacent island | are for the United States the natural mart
 of supply and demand. It is from then
 that we should obtain what we do not pro
 duce or do not produce in suficiency, and i | is to them that the surplus productions c | our fields, four mills and our workshop
 should flow under conditions that will equal
 ize or favor them in comparison with foreig1
 competition Four paths of policy seem t' | point to this end
 | RECIPROCAL COMMERCIAL TREATIES.
 First-A series of reciprocal commercial
 treaties with the countries of America
 which shall foster between us and them al unhampered movement of trade. The con
 ditions of these treaties should be free ad | 1fTI
 does not produce, in return fdT the adm1s sion free, or under a favorable scheme o | duties of our own products; the benefit O
 such exchange to apply only to goods carr1et
 under the flag of the parties to the contract
 the removal on both sides from the vessels s
 privileged of all tonnage dues and natlona
 import, so that their vessels may ply unhin dered between our ports and those ot tn
 other contracting parties, though wlthou
 infringing on the reserved home-coast1nl l trade; the removal or reduction of burden | on the exported products of those countrie
 coming within the benefits of the treaties
 and the avoidance of the technicalities, re
 strictions and penalties by which our inter
 course with those countries is at presen hampered.
 REQUESTING CONSULAR FEES.
 Sscondly-The establishment of the consu l lar service of the United States on a salariet
 footing, thus permitting the relinquishmen P | 'OSoS-
 under the national flag, but also as respect vessels of the treaty nations carrying good
 entitled to the benefits of the, treaties. IMPROVING THE MERCHANT MARINE Thirdly-The enactment of measures t favor the construction and maintenance o a steam carrying marine under the flag of tn United States.
 AN AMERICAN MONETARY UNION. Fourthly-The establishment of a uniform currency basis for the countries of America
 so that the products of our mines may ci1
 culate on equal terms throughout the whol 5 system of commonwealths. This would re 3 quire monetary union of America, whereb , | the output of the bullion producing countrie and the circulation of those which yield nei 3 ther gold nor silver could be adjusted in con : formity with the population, wealth and com s mercial needs of each. As many of the cour ? tries furnish no bullion to the common stoc Q the surplus production of our miEes migh - thus be utilized and step taken toward th g general remonetization of silver.
 To the accomplishment of these ends, s : far as they can be attained by separate tres