davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
A. H. POWERS g. CO.,
BUSINESS CARDS.
WITH & HoSTKAMSEK.

CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS HOUSE
y building and jobbing a specially. Office,
SIS X street. Estimates, Plans and Specifca-
lions furnished on all kinds Of work. Store and
office fitting a speciality. au27-1m
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
ATTORNEYS T-LAW.
HENRY STARR,
ISAIAH uURLBIRT,

A TTORNEY-AT-LAW HAS REMOVED HIS
a Office to The corner of Seventh and l streets,
opposite the Courthouse Sacramento city, Cal.
Aul9-lm
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
DENTISTRY.
REMOVED.
u II REH

N F. TEBBETs, DENTIST, TO 914 ssseeszz.
II Sixth street, between l and J. gyssssSSsSSs
west side, opposite Congregational NBIIY
Church. au5-tf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
LIQUOR DEALERS.
EBNER BROS,

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
WINES AND LIQUORS,
i16 and us X St, bet. Front and Second, Sac.
AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED
POMMERY AND GRESO CHAMPAGNE.
je25-lplm
CASEY & CRONAN,
IMPORTERS AND WHOLE9ALE DEALER
WINES AND LIQUORS.
PROPRIETORS EAGLE SODA WORKS.
No. 90 x Street.....................
.G- 4,,tF
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
DIR. LAME,

DHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.-OFFICE AND
| Residence, No. SO J street, between Third
and Fourth. Hours-S to 10 \. NJ, 3 to and to
P. NJ. Office of City Superintendent of Public
Schools at same place. se5-iplm
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
GEORGE w. YOUNG,

CiUCCESSOR To PIKE & YOUNG, CARRIAGE
- Manufacturer, corner Fourth and l. streets,
Sacramento. Established in 1850. All sizes OF
Buggies Phaetons Spring and Thoroughbrace
Wagons. Repairing, Paintiii: and Trimming
done m2O-iptf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
j. c. DEVH-E.

IMPORTER AND MANUEL CTURER OF MON
| uments EeadstoneS, Tablets Mantlepieces,
Plumbers Slabs Furniture Tops etc. Sculptur-
ing and other Fine Work done to order. All
kinds of work done in Marble and Granite at
the lowest cash price. No. 72i K street, Sacra-
mento. Country orders solicited and all work
guaranteed. Nineteen Premiums and the Gold
Medals of ISL and 1873 jel6-tf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
C. SUTEI,

u Sbi6hr
EURNTTUREHA MANUFACTURER. G9RE WIN
II dow Screens and Doors kept on hand and
made 70 Order. IhirleeEth and SIS. ap54ntf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
DIS. KELLOGG & GOss,

CORNER SEVENTH AND STREETS, SACRA-
u MENTO. Office Hours:
Miss DR.. kellogg Miss DR.. GOss-
9to 10 a. VI. to 9 A. NJ.
u 10 p NJ to p. NJ.
e to p NJ to 5 z. II.
Supdov 10 To Q cpf
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
II. F. ROOT. ALEX. NELSON. J. DRIscol
ROOT, NELSON 6 CO.,
J. o. FUNSTON.

TNION FOUNDRY - IRON AND BRASS
\ Founders aud Machinists, Front street, be-
tween n and o. Castings and Machinery OF
every description made to order. ja2i-iplm
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13

INSTRUMENTS SOLD ON THE INSTALL
| ment Plan. Orders for TUNING promptly at
tended to. Old Pianos taken in exchange. Sheet
Music and full li1e of musical merchandise
always on hand. lyl5-u
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13

MANUFACTURER OF ROAD SCRAPERS,
vi Iron Doors, Jail Cells, Shutters, Ratings,
Gratings, Housework and Blacksnithing in gen.
eral No. $40 K street. between Fifth and Sixth.
Secondhand Doors for sale. Je2iptt
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
F. FOSTER.
.IAMTES McGuIRE.

1856. f. FOSTER & CO., 1884.
DOOK-BTNDERS, PAPER-RULERS AND
D Blank-Bc1S Manufacturers, No. $40 J street.
between Third anu Fourth, Sacra1neDtn.iy20-iptt
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1884-09-13
j. q. CUNNrNGHAM.

T ST, BET. FRONT AND SECOND, SACRA-
| mcnto. Boiler and Iron Works. Also manu-
facturcr of Water Heaters. Tanks, Gasometers,
Hydraulic Pipes, Mining Cars, Smoke Stacks,
Jackets, Iron Doors and SHUTTERS. Prompt at
tention given to Repairing and Blacksmithing.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

pose Of to their less wise neighbors.
In this section there is more tillable
landthan can be worked owing to lack
of iaborers. The farms have hitherto
been large, but are now being divided
into smaller ones and rented, or sold,
on easy terms. The present is pro-
pitious time to rent or buy these lands,
as they are coming rapidly into de-
mand, owing to immigration and an
increased interest in farming. An ex-
cellent quality of improved land can
yet be obtained at $40 per acre. At
some future time 1 may furnish CLEAN
ings of verified facts concerning farm
ing in this section. For the present |
must refer the reader to Mr.. John T.
Patrick, Sec. of the Agricultural, Me-
chanical and immigration Society,
whose P. 0. address is Wadesboro,
Arson Co., N. C. Mr.. Patrick will
cheerfully answer all questions relating
to the interest of the departments of
industries represented by the Society.
Having been for series of years en-
gagged in editorial newspaper work,
and having devoted his time assiduous-
ly to the subject of immigration, he is
we'll posted on questions relating to
his work, and is over ready to impart
desired information. The old North
State though at present an agricultural
one, is rapidly becoming manufact-
uring State. She has two hundred
streams, with combined water power
of 5000, 900 horse, equal to the entire
steam power Of New England. She
has now invested in factories S., lao, 473,
on which so per cent is realized, against
% per cent ON 1921, 577, 1862 in New
England, shown by the census of 1870.
And in regard to the variety of agri-
cultural products, North Carolina is
the only State that can boast of rails
ing anything and everything grown in
any of the States and territories of the
Union. 1t can also boast of $50 val
liable minerals in 70 counties, and
100000 of gold yield annually, al
though mining in this State is yet in
its infancy. Her magnificent forests
covering three-ffths of the area of the
whole State are of inestimable value
in this age of scarcity of timber. All
things considered, the "old North
State is desirable place to live. Let
agriculturalists who desire cheap,
pleasant, profitable homes, move hith-
erward. R. H. WHITLOCK.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21
CORRESPONDENCE
HOW 1T LOOKS FROM THE
CAPITAL.
WASHINGTON, D. G., June IS, 1884.

WASHINGTON, D. c., June IS, 1884.
To the MINING JOURNAL.
Contrary to expectations no dark
horses were allowed to carry off the
honors at Chicago, and the republican
party goes into this campaign under
the leadership of two of its most
thoroughly representative men.
Blaine will, however, encounter a
revolt in the ranks Of his party among
the purists Of the East, and the Ger
man element in the West. This latter
may prove formidable and under the
lead of Carl Shurz be fatal defec-
ton. To offset this it is claimed that
much Of the Irish vote of the country
will go to Blaine on account of an idea
prevailing that he would not hesitate
to embroil this country in foreign
war. with England for instance, and
thus give an opportunity for another
and more successful struggle for Irish
independence.
Be that us it may, there seems to be
a preference for him among leading
Irish Nationalist. Again, it is claim
ed by many very ill-informed people
that because he was born i'll the Cath
Ollie church he viii obtain strong
support from members of that denom-
nation, but as it is well-known fact
that apostates from any church or
party are always more or less under
the ban Of the church or party which
they have deserted, the propriety Of
this claim is questionable it not entire
ly untenable.
There is no doubt of the fact that
Blaine will make strong and enthusi-
astie campaign. for never since the
days Of Henry Clay has IL moro bril-
liant party leader been nominated as n
presidential candidate.
Much depends upon the action of to-
days convention at Saratoga as to
what will be done by the democrats in
July. If Cleveland controls the New
York convention his nomination at
Chicago will only be question of
time. The outside sentiment in the
party is centering on him, but if he
does not have his own State to back
him, or gets only divided delegation
from it, his prospects will be poor in
deed.
John Kelly comes smiling to the
front at Saratoga to-day, and he and
his 10000 Tammany braves will be
duly "courted and carressed" by the
rival interests which seek to control
the convention. His personal choice
is Bayard, but his organization may
combine upon one or other of the rival
candidates from the Empire State.
In the event New York will not cor
daily support Cleveland that State
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

will be barred out of the presidential
race, and Bayard, of Delaware, will
loom up grandly from the East.
If the prize goes West Mcdonald
will be the probable nominee, although
why he should displace Hendricks as
the favorite son of Indiana is beyond
my ken. l cannot understand why
Tilden's declination should have the
effect of thrusting his distinguished
colleague aside. The natural and or
binary consequence ought to have
made Hendricks the successor to Til
den, and no better selection could now
be made. 1t is we'll known that he
was Tilden's most dangerous competi-
tor eight years ago and only accepted
the second place at that time, and sac
rifced his honorable ambition after a
long struggle and for party considera-
tons. He has been poorly repaid for
his patriotic course on that occasion,
and must feel deeply the party ingrat-
itude displayed toward him.
If Thurman did not come from an
October State he would have much
better chance for nomination to po-
sition which he highly deserves and
would greatly honor.
If the democrats nominate their
strongest candidate in July it will be
as l have said beforo-by accident,
and as the two great parties are very
equally divided the result of the strug-
gle cannot be very clearly forseen.
ANON,
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

The Weather.-The recent rains
have made the vegetable outlook as
fiattering as ever observed at this sea-
SON. In fact, in the way of weather
there is nothing to be desired. The
moisture and temperature have been
adjusted and regulated by Benifcent
Hand so tremendously that they could
not have been bettered. Hence, we
confidently trust this will be a year when
peace, plenty and prosperity in this
region will be spelled with big P's.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21
Eastern TieaUs of the Coal Trade.

Nec Tork.-Bituminous Goals are
plenty at $5.25, and slightly below
So even per ton, alongside of vessels
here in New York, that is for the
bulk of this species of fuel on the
market.-Minlng Record.
Bituminous Goals offer nothing
like the points of interest which the
anthracite trade presents. The con-
tract business is pretty much all
that remains on which to put the
coal that is being mined, for the
transient business has been nothing
worth speaking of for some time.
Prices are irregular and vary with
the quality offered, and the several
markets have their choice on this
score. A large tonnage is being
mined and the railroads are carrying
it at low rates. The operators are
anxious as to the action of the anthra-
cite managers, but at any ad-
vance on the latter coal can only be
on the domestic sizes, it is therefore
not likely to benefit soft coals.-Coal
Trade Journal.
Under the pressure of low offerings,
particularly of outside Goals, the
market remains depressed. 1t is
rumored that prices have been reach
ed in some instances below even So,
though these buyers must be con-
tent to take their risks as to what
stuff they buy. We quote $3.25g
$3.50.
B0ston.-In bituminous coal no
new business of Importance is re-
corded. There is no movement to
change the figures that have prevail
ed all this season, For cargo lots,
delivered, 81 is an extreme outside
figure, with sales more frequently
within the low range of $3.SOM3.9O.
notwithstanding of impor-
lance has been developed in bitumi-
nous coal. The shipments are large,
and some operators say they will in
crease after the first of July. \ good
deal of negotiation is quietly in pro-
gress with reference to fall deliveries
of bituminous coal. Two or three
new tracts of land will be developed
this year on the mountains, and a
great deal of mountain coal will be
thrown on the market next season.
The Cambria mining aud mannfac-
turing company will develop some
5000 acres of rich coal land this sea-
son, near Sonman station on the
Pennsylvania railroad. A shaft 1870
feet deep Will De dug. The intention
is to turn Il great deal OF this coal
INTO coke. a half-dozen new coal
and coke enterprises will be started
in that region this fall.-Engineer-
ing and Mining J0A1nAl.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

The fascination of New York and
Baltimore Juries by women and the
recent intimidation of one in Ne
braska by a holder type of the sex,
revives the question concerning the
infallibility Of the system. These
ominous circumstances lead to the
inquiry also whether there any rights
retained by the own-trodden men
which women are not already able to
command through one insidious de-
vice or another. If there are, we are
almost ready to move that they be
wrapped in package along with the
continent and presented the sex on a
platter, accompanied by bird cage
for the eagle, and coffin for the
goddess of liberty.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21
ADDITIONAL LOCAL,

Brerftfes.-An aged resident of
Pekin, Robert Moffett, was found dead
near Moscow Sunday morning. A
jury of inquest rendered verdict of
death from natural causes.
A stray squirrel Wednesday evening
ran up Lombardy poplar standing
in A. A. Rogers lot, and large
crowd gathered to see the outcome of
an effort to get him out. The tree
underwent some vigorous shaking, but
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

ASSURANCE of success in the COM
ing campaign would be incomplete
without the usual number of dis
gruntled prophecies ofdefeat. Twas
ever thus. If the republicans will
stop mourning over the OBJECTIONS of
Schurz, Curtis, ct i'd oo1ne genus, and
wait until after the democratic con-
yention their bruised hearts will, be
repaired by some dissenting Allegany
county statesman voiclng a howl.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21
GENERAL ITEMS.

A LARGE CoUNTY.-Tom Green
county, Texas, is the size of Mass
achusetts. 1t has no towns, yet its
assessed valuation is $4,000, 900, with
some 100000 sheep, the wool-clip
reaching 100000 pounds last year +;
some 100000 cattle, which are
worth 100000, besides horses,
mules, sc. Several tiocks of sheep,
numbering from $4,000 to $4,000,
herds of cattle as large as 10000
owned by one ranchman.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

SOCIETY NoTE.-Mrs. Blaine and
Mrs. Logan are very intimate. We
should not wonder. Perhaps Mrs.
Cleveland and Mrs. Mcdonald are
making elaborate preparations to get
acquainted. By the way, however,
the Easton Ledger informs US Gov.
Cleveland is unmarried. In this case
Mrs. Med. will have to 90 it solas.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

The Brown family are having a
hard time just now. Senator Ingalls,,
Of Kansas, has Senator Brown, of
Georgia, on the hip for petty forgery,
and William Hardy, of Mahanoy
city, Pa, charges ex-mine inspector
Brown, of Vale Summit, Nd, with
giving vent to sarcasm and exploded
ideas" These must be grave
offences, or Ingalls, and Hardy would
not promote public morals by de-
nouncing them. The Browns view
the matter differently, no doubt, and
it is distinctive trait of that peren-
NAL family to surrender nothing
while rock-pile remains to furnish
munitions of defence.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

the squirrel held position against all
corners. Finally saw was brought
and the top amputated. The boys and
dogs were in position to surround
and capture him, but the squirrel was
smart enough to see weak place in
the line of siege and through that he
bolted and escaped.
A Cumberland gentleman informed
US Monday that but for the want Of
sufficient hotel accommodations Frost
burg would have the pleasure and pro-
fit Of entertaining a large number Of
the visitors to the Soldiers Reunion in
Cumberland in September.
Last Sunday the Baltimore and
Ohio railroads summer schedule for
the running Of passenger trains went
into effect. The revised table appears
in our advertising columns.
The JOURNAL will publish the an
nual levy list next week. We will be
behind all the other papers, but then
we are generally ahead in Chicago
nominations.
Talking with an editor the other day
about taking items without credit, we
had occasion to borrow his pencil to
demonstrate the mathematical iniquity
of the practice. He left the utensil in
our pocket. Just what he will say
about it this week we don't foresee,
but if pair of prematurely decrepit
scissors will reimburse his oversight
they are subject to order.
The Columbus (OD Buggy company
has presented the Confederate Veter-
ans Fair at Richmond, Va, magni-
fcent 5000 Brewster buggy. The Rich
mond Dispatch "wishes the company
and agents." one of the latter being
Justice O. J. Moat, of this place, "the
success they deserve"
n. M. Dean presents an address to-
day including some cold facts on hard
ware that will doubtless attract con-
siderable attention. Read it.
There is break in the pipe in front
of the Southern Methodist church
which the Water company should re-
pair without days delay. A great
deal of water escapes to the damage
of the street.
To-day is the longest Of the year.
Mr.. R. W. Mason presented the
JOURNAL Thursday with very large
and fine boquet. Not less than twelve
varieties of roses were represented, all
of his own growth. Many thanks.
The Bowery Furnace coal property
was sold Wednesday at sheriff's sale
for the nominal sum of 800, bid by
creditors.
Banana war Thursday.
Read military picnic advertisement
for information. In addition we learn
for fact that eoery6ody soiU be here on
the 2Sth. Capt. Smiths Co. D have
received their arms, great bright,
shiny, glistening guns and bayonets,
etc.
Read Edwards, Hartmans, Storms,
in fact all the new advertisements, and
don't forget to come and settle with
the JOURNAL for next year. This is a
combination paragraph, because at the
| last moment we find we must cut items
to lowest space.
The Independent cornet band of
Eckhart, holds picnic to-day in Wine
brenner's Grove, beyond the new GEM
etery. All picnic attendants should
go.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21

The Clearfeld output for the year to
last Saturday was l,249,672 tons, or
S3,1l4 tons ahead of Georges Creek.
Of the amount of coal shipped from
this region this year 9S7, 73S tons have
gone from mines on the Maryland side
of the Potomac river.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1884-06-21
SOME of the eastern railroads ar,

SOME Of the eastern railroads are
making a mile minute. To this
rate is locomotion tending, but the
railroad of the future will not be up
and-down hill, crooked with curves
and VS., half ballasted or built ON
stills.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1884-12-03
Frank Frisby. Druggist, Bismarck.

Frank Frisby, Druggist, Bismarck.
Pure Drugs and Medicines 10 Peterson
& Veeder's, Bismarck. = Ii,
Don't suffer with Corns when. Frrsbv
will cure .yon 'for IS cents.,,
Fine Holiday Goods and ilat Articles
at Peterson & Veeder's, Bismarck.
When You visit Bismarck buy your
Drugs, Paints and Oils from Frisby.
Fine Cottage paints, from - to S1.OO
per gallon, at Peterson &v rs Dis,
Tee from a.ssso eoc Sugars, ~, III
Rios Tees, l2}h' e0c !; CEackers. = on
16c, shman s Co., B'.,narek. ,;o.
D. u. Blake, Banner block, Bi 10 REX
keeps constantly on hand o fine s-.oiI
selected line Of Dry Goods, ~ Is Etc
CARLOAD of Apple full. thr.s .bashei
barrels, a. from $3..75 10 $4..o per bayrel
all fancy stock), at Bussman 4 Ga.'l.
Citizens Of Emmons County when vis.
itlng Bismarck should remember that
Miss z. Brady keeps constantly on hand
the largest and most complete Hne of fi1
Millinery west Of Chicago You viii
find the quality of every article sold ex-
actly ~ represented. Prices reasonable.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1884-12-03
a Destructive Foe.

Recently the family of Mr.. Tighe, in
Buchanan's Valley, had quite an exciting adven-
premises in the evening he was discovered by
the dog, who chased him into the cellar The
door was then closed and .Reynard was q pris-
ter. A descent was made and the animal was
placed hors de combat, or fox do combat-or, to
speak more c.early In q position where he would
But when q survey was made Of tho field Of battle
It WAS found that fox or dog, or both Of 'em, had
knocked over and destroyed some twenty dollars
worth of preserves cream and other articles
which stood on the shelves.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1884-12-03
First Publication October %, 1884,
NOTICE OF FINAL PROOF.

r AND OFFICE AT BISMARCK, D. T.,
Loot. rs, l8S4.-Notice is hereby given that
the following-nained settler has fled notice of
his intention to make final proof in support Of
his claim, and that said proof will be made be-
fore tho Register and Receiver of tho United
States Land Onfes At Bismarck, D. T.. on Decem-
ber 4, 1884, at o'clock p. M, viz:
THOMAS H. RUSH,
Homestead application No. a,os6. for the south
half of the southeast quarter and the east half OF
the southwest qnarteT, section s, township 13l
north, range 78 west He names tho following
witnesses to prove his continuous residence
Upon and cultivation OF said land, viz: James
MCGEE. John Mccoy, John McMssser, - Much
sler-all of Winona, D. T.
JOHN A. REA, Register.
O. F. DAVIS Attorney.
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1884-12-03
sUMMoNs FOR MONEY.

OF DAKOTA, COUNTY OF
Il Emmons, SS In Justace Court, Beeore John
George Dougherty against j. II. Stevenson.
The Territory Of Dakota aends Rreeting: To ].
II. Stevenson: You are hereby summoned 70 ap-
miles southwest Of the town Of Williamsport, in
said county, on the 25th day of November. A. d.
1884, at 10 o'clock n., to answer the complaint
who claims to recover Of you the sum. Of thirty
seven dollars on an account for overcoAt and
merchandise, heretofore sold and delivered to you
the said defendant, by the plaintiff.
And you are hereby notified that, II you fail to
appear and answer said complaint above re-
quired, said plaintiff will take Judgment against
you for the said amount of thirty-seven dol lars
together with costs and damages.
Given under my hand this 25th day Of Novem-
ber, A. D. 1884. JOHN KURTZ
Justice Of the Peace within and for E,nmons
County, d. T. Is
Emmons County record. [volume] (Williamsport, D.T. [i.e. N.D.]) 1884-current, 1884-12-03

Frisby sells cottage paints at $1.16 per
gallon. Warranted.
In purchasing Ladies and Children's s
Shoes, Slippers, Etc, you cannot be better
suited than by D. w. Blake, Bismarck
Bushman & Co., Bismarck, have the
largest and finest store in the Northwest.
in three departments-Boots and Shoes.
Groceries, and Crockery. Their prices
are away down. They sell for cash, and
give satisfaction in every case.