The Bozeman weekly chronicle. (Bozeman, Mont.) 1883-1889, 1884-03-12
CHICKEN RAISING.
4 Model Process OF Raising Chickens
BIZ Machinery.

John Duffield, residing at l706 Secont
avenue south, has experimental mos
successfully with incubators, and vii
Immediately go into the chicken hatch
ing business on large scale.
WHAT AN INCUBATOR Is.
An incubator is machine for Matching
eggs by artificial heat. For long time
the farmer has understood that he could
raise poultry BY machinery, providing
certain conditions and laws of tempera'
turel were complied with. Much time
patience and money have been wasted
by experimentors and inventors of in.
cubators, and as result there are now
several in the market, the majority Of
which are all that is claimed. But ex-
perience has shown that those who have
heretofore engaged in the business have
set their expectations too high-counted
too many chickens before they were
hatched, as it were-for an imperfection
in the thermometer, an inattention, or
the least over-confdence may cause fail
ures which are invariable attributed to
the incubator A chief cause of past
failures, however, has been the use of
imperfect eggs. But perfection is being
reached in machine chicken-hatching, as
well as in everything else, and several
successful incubators are now in use
one of which the "Hammonton," has
been especially fruitful of results, 1000
chickens having been Matched from 200
eggs.
Several attempts to devise machinery
which would accomplish satisfactory re-
suits have been made In Minneapolis,
but signal failures have been the rule.
Mr.. Dufield, however, thinks he is on
the nigh road to success in this line, and
in partnership with Samuel O. Mealy,
has leased the five acre tract, with house
and barn, at the corner of Chicago ave-
nue. and Thirty-third street, where he
has commenced the erection Of a suitable
building for the Matching and raising of
5000 or 1000 chickens this spring. Mr..
Duffield already has three incubators,
built by himself from ideas gained
through careful study of all the other in
cubators in the market.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INCUBATOR.
The first glance at the machine reveals
a rectangular coveriess pine box, four
feet nine inches by four feet five inches,
and about two feet deep. Within this
outer box is another box-likc arrange
ment, enough smaller to admit of nine
inch space of saw dust on three sides,
which of course serves as means of
warmth. fnto this interior slides can
vass bottomed-brawer, in this drawer
rests the egg drawer, or repository; with
a muslin bottom, upon small round strips
of pine. The eggs-25O to each incuba-
tor-are placed in this repository. be-
tween another tier of stationary Stats,
placed just far enough above the reposi-
tory to touch the top Of the eggs. Thus,
by moving the egg drawer, which has a
play backward and forward of two or
three inches, the eggs may be turned as
much as you desire. The process of
turning is made at least twice day, and
during the latter part of incubation three
times day; and also at this time little
warm water is sprinkled over the eggs.
Beneath the main drawer and upon the
bottom of the large box is layer Of saw
dust sufficient for number of pans Of
water to be placed beneath the drawer.
From this water there is constant eva
poration, which keeps the eggs moist.
There are twelve ventilating tin tubes
six through the bottom and running up
through the drawer, and correspond
ing six leading from the air chamber
above the egg repository, escaping into
open air.
The HEAT.
Now, as regards the all-important fac
tor for incubation-namely, heat. At
opposite corners of the box there is a
joint of p inch common gas pipe which
enters the box and terminates in the
over the egg drawer. Under
each of these tubes an ordinary kerosene
lamp is kept burning, allowing the hot
air from its flame to enter the tube and
escape at point Immediately over the
eggs. Above the layer Of eggs is sheet
Of zinc which tends to reflect the heat
downward upon the egg
The degree Of heat is regulated by a
which is kept at a oout
blood heat-9S degrees Fahrenhe' It. II
is necessary to exercise much ca. .e with
the heat, moisture and ventD alton, 70,
lack of which SO many can atty ibute thei,
failures.
As soon as the chicks are out of the
shell. they are placed in another ma
chine known as the Sbr ooder." which is
made by placing a zi'ac bottomed box
upon legs, a couple o.. inches from the
ground, with aAn'lel strips stretched
PLACED wide enough apart to al
low the chicks to pass in and out. Thit
box is heated by a lamp similar to thu
incubator
Thus we have the process Of raising
machine ms.de chickens to order at al
Of the year. Mr.. Dufield states
that he has; just marketed number o
incubated chickens which equal il
weight, quality of meat ETC., those raised
by hen. Messrs. Duffield & Mealy ex-
pect to make this an important and pay
ing industry. They are both practica
men, and their success or failure will b'
carefully noted by the poultry raisers o
our st ate.-Minneapolis Journal
Mankind's Mistakes.
1t is mistake to labor when you arr
not in fit condition to do 80.
To think that the more a person eat
r. =