The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-10-09

month, after which the miner returned
with his bride to Colorado, furnished her
q magnificent home in Denver, and is
now not only one of the wealthiest but
one of the most honored residents of the
Queen Oity.-Neaoi York Telegram.
Artesian Wells.
Artesian wells are holes, of small
diameter. sunk to great distance in the
earth, from which currents of water rise
towards the surface and sometimes flow
over in strong stream. Water thus
forced up must be subject to great press.
ure, and it must have its source in q
more elevated region than where the we'll
is bored and it must be confirmed be-.
tween impermeable strata of rock which
will act as pipe. These wells are called
Artesian from Artois, a aprovince Of France,
where they first attracted public atten-
ton. The old Roman name OF the
province was Artesium. We have in this
country bored wells of shallow depth
which are not Artesian. They are the
common wells that stop at the trst war.
ter. bearing stratum reached. To get q
good flow of water, a subterranean foun.
tain must; be! struck which comes from
an elevated region and which Is confined
by strata above and below, through
which water cannot pass. The first well
of this sort was bored by some Domini-
can monks at the town of Lilliers in
France in the 18th century. This is
said to be nearly dry at this date. Much
depends on the dip of the stratum bear
ing the water. A constant channel, or
stream is s,necessary in order to, keep up
the supply. The source of water in our
ordinary wells is generally higher than
their locations but they never overflow.
Water Is not forced up because the
stratum through which the water passes
acts as q sponge and not as a pipe.
There is no stream, or if any a very
small one, that runs with little force be.
cause the pressurei is wanting.
The Temperature Of the water in ..ae
same well never varies, but 1t incteases
in proportion to the depth of the well.
at Paris the mean temperature is 81.
Thewell at Grenelle, 1877 feet deep, is
80 or an increase of one degree for every
l58feet. .At,St. Louis the increase is one
degree for every 83 feet. At Charleston
the increase is one degree for ever 53
feet. If this increase is gradual as we
descend boiling water would be brought
up from a depth of three miles.
The wells of France, London, Ger.
many and the Mississippi Valley are al
in the tertiary formations and the strata
of claws, sands and limestones are admi-
srably arranged for furnishing water by
means: of these wells. These districts
are are basin shaped and the water would
naturally flow to them from the higher
levels. It has generally been supposed
that in the primary, or Eozolc lorna.
stion of the earth, that Artesian wells
would be very difficult to get. There is
no donbt as to striking water.bearing
strata, butwhether streams with sufficient
headway to force water to the surface
win be- reached is amongst the un!
known problems. Should the we'll at
Atlanta prove a success and afford q
large quantity of water, the opinions of
many persons will have to be modified
and there will be q revolution in obtain
ing the water supply for our cities. III it
is demonstrated that .Artesian wells. with
a large and strong flow of water can be
secured, it will be worth much to the
towns and citiesin our Piedmont belt.
q The yield Of these wells differs very.
much and so doesit the for, % with which
the water comes to the surface. The
famous Grenelle well was begun in 1888.
at 1900 feet the government would have
abandoned the project if it had not been
for NJ. Arago. It was continued until
1841, when at the depth of 1877 feet the
drill suddenly fell Il feet and the water
rushed forth. So great was the flow that
it was checke by raising vertical pipe
many feet into the air. 1t was thus re-
duced from 40 to 1876 gallons per min,
ute. It's uniform temperature is 82 and
the water is used for warming hospitals.
At Passy, two, miles from Grenelle,
another we'll was sunk, which evidently
draws its. supply of water from the same
source. a wonderful change has been
produced in the desert OF Sahara, BY
these we'll. The first one was sunk in
1858, which furnished steady stream
of water having temperature of 81,
which is about the average of the ordi-
nary wells of this section of country:
.Up to 1872 rs Of these wells had been
sunk, the water being reached at o slight
depth. Thousands of palm trees are
now growing where once the desert sands
drifted, and beautiful gardens are bloom-
ing in the midst of the wilderness. at
Bourne, ENGLAND, there lisa we'll only 81
feet deep that furnishes 557 900 gallons
of pure water per day.
The proprietors of the Continental
hotel in Philadelphia have well 200
feet deep which supplies them with So
QOU gallons of water daily. The wells OF
ST. Louis, Louisville and Charleston are
famous on account of the difficulties
attending the work. The first st. Louis
we'll was begun in 1S49. The boring was
continued under great difficulties. In
1854 water was reached at the depth of
'2,l99 feet, which is discharged at the rate
of rs gallons per minute. The water is
mineral and 6t only for medicinal pur.
poses. The we'll at Louisville is 2,086
feet deep and flows at the rate of $4,000
gallons day with force equal to 10
horse power.
The greatest difficulties have been en-
countered in boring the first Charleston
we'll. Since 1924 efforts have been made
to secure supply of water in this way,
and in 1S46 Major Welton began the
we'll which has become famous; The
sand flowed in and the we'll had to be
lined with tubing. The sand would rush
10 and ill the we'll over hundred feet
deep in one night. Atthe depth Of 1920
feet it was found necessary to take outthe
light tubing used and replace it with
heavier. Water was finally reached at
1850 feet the discharge, 10 feet above the
surface, being 1900 gallons an hour.
The water is saline, disagreeable to the
taste and has q temperature of 81. Horses