Evening capital. (Annapolis, Md.) 1884-1910, 1884-08-28
WILT EARTHQUAKES ARE.
curry rRAvEL ANoi TzEIz
gov TERRIBLE woE1
ppepom Of G che assssI a sn s" voI-
Ina .,r Trmptions-sOme Sisatations.

.aNHft Nj VmmM
Pps,t.,ateIy COnnected Nftn tOi-
- EruptiOns-Sonne AsSatat'0nS'
.sbouakes. or the sha$Ipg OF the
~ ronnd by natural capfcs, nave
~ described and their cautses :heorlzed
2ssr ~. since the time of Arlss3}li'. where
nanvulsions have been 3ygre whole
-. have been destroyed, ksrtiie plains
IA ,saete. and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS lives
'Au GOD Sixty thousand 5er:ons were
al n the earthquake thst .9ycrthrew
~ N 1855. and 100. 000Fis Che great
LisOp' ." aar,bonake of 1&g3 1.-THE
r.stI,o,,ake Catalogue OF tis F1tlsh as
eriation. very complete record en-
.e,a ~. between s. 900 and :, $50 earth
O'~ .tes between the years 1909 B. &. and
n 1912, in which II 4 estimated
q 600 900 people have pesshsd. The
.ksnomena attendant uponteasthquakcs
- various as their exteEt 5 broad.
s,.nearances in the heavens Gn changes
I'm atmosphere, Irregularities in the
.easons. sudden GUSTS Of SyiHd, inter
intel by sudden Gains, vi9lerst rains at
annsnal seasons and reddehfng OF the
~ disc have all been described as in
.;6ertal occurrences, but iEia T3ub-fuI.
= .he absence Of any good saa9on TO the
contfary. If they have any yea. connec-
ton with the earthquake. #HGt so with
UNDERGROUND noises which .al&ars pre-
ceje accompany or FOL . & Shock. Ia
some EARTHQUAKES they are liAened to
chains being pulled abouJ, R,ceeasing to
thunder tones in others tsle sound is
ike the rumbling of carriages, gradually
growing louder, until il equals ;the loud
EST artillery, or like heavy WAGONS roll
ine on a road, or distant thEnder, or like
the Kissing produced by III. quenching
Of masses Of hot iron in Water or like
the rush of wind undergrouNd3
The most intimate earthquake phenom
enon is. of course, the shffSi,g of the
ground Sometimes, as yes,efday, it is
gentle. In severe earthquakes there is
almost invariably trembling, taen pro-
neunced shock and then a srembling
again, which gradually gross smpercep
tible. The whole area of Stha surface
affected is not moved at on.es but by an
egrth-wave or true undulatioG os the solid
crust of the earth. The inflaeflce of this
earth-wave is often COMMUNICATED to the
sea when the earthquake isnsgr the shore
The sea swells and retires Slightly from
the beach and then a great syase rolls in
upon the shore. At the I2sbDn earth
quake this wave rose to a height of sixty
feet at Cadiz.
The phenomena of these upheavals
and of volcanoes are most intimately con-
uected Although the ea9th must be
Unnly solid, it is believed 10 be honey
combed structure, and that. ihe cavities
contain in many places lakIs 6f molten
rock, between which and yolCanoes are
arfces of communication. Into these
cavities water, sinking d9wA through
cregices from the ocean or tAe aand. must
be constantly finding its say, and the
steam thus generated eXerts such enor
nous pressure as to force the uTolten mat
Ter to the surface, itself miIlglfng and es-
gaping with it. When a tslasS of water
3 suddenly precipitated int, hot cav
ern the explosion of steam vial cause an
earthquake conclusion and where there
is no vent may be sufficient 10 convulse
anti rend the superinGumbGas strata.
no part of the carth's sbrfGce is free
from these terrifying visitasioas, and the
ocean itself is not free frosn them. On
October 10, 1870, occurred,the most con.
siderable shock that has been observed iu
our Middle and Eastern states during
The present century The source of this
disturbance has been traced, with some
probability. to the VOLCANIC region fifty
to one hundred miles northeastern Quebec
from this region the shock spread to st.
Johns N. b., and thence gas. felt west
ward to Chicago and soutllwurd to New
York, The velocity of thc;wa5ve or shock
was about $4,000 feet per SECOND. The
occurrence of the shock felt lat Quebec
vas telegraphed to Montreal in time tc
eau the attention of the operators in the
alter city to the phenomersa sbout thirty
seconds before the shock coached them
Inc most severe earthquake that has
oeen recorded in the Middle ssnd Eastern
yates was that of November Is,
TOO 1t was probably promulgated
nom the same center as shat which de.
Nfoyed Lisbon two weelS before. In
massachusetts, it began Eifb a roaring
noise like thunder, and tlSen came
sven OF the earth like Slaa of long
lOIllng of the sea, swelE 10 great that
lhen IN the open fields ran, to seize some
ulng oy which to holdl ca lest they
@ould be thrown dowpS In Boston
many buildings and chirsneSs were de-
sgoyed, and in the countsy rew springs
Z water appeared and the stone fences
were demolished.
"a 1911 occurred the sfalaous earth
suaAe OF New Madrid, Miss, which
lated the so called sunk country,n in
we valley of the Mississi,,,,i srrhile rnli.