St. Paul daily globe., 1884-07-05
WOMEN IN ENGLAND.
Their Advance in Education and in the
Learned Professions.
Come Notes of What Has Been Done for the
Sex in Great Britain.

Sex in Great Britain.
So much is said and written about the ex-
ample of England in the higher education of
women and especially with regard to the pre-
paration of women for the learned protes-
sons that some account of the work done
here may be interesting. Such an account
may be found in the recent volume on The
Woman Question in Europe" edited by
Theodore Stanton and published in New
York
Maria g. Grey, author of several books
and a regular contributor to the leading En-
glish magazines ascribes the first public ac-
ton taken in the United Kingdom with re-
gard to women S claim to higher education
to the Rev F. d. Maurice, who in 1916, with
the assistance of Archdeacon French and of
tho dowager Lady Stanley, developed the
plan of Qeen's College. This was at first
merely a training school for governesses, and
with the exception of Bedford College, an
uncertarian institution Queens College is
strictly Church of England, nothing more
was done for women's higher education un-
til girls were admitted, seventeen years later,
to the local examinations at the University
of Cambridge. Oxford soon followed the
example of the sister university, and it was
found that as the percentage of girls sent up
increased the improvement in girls schools,
brought about marked tendency towards
equality of results between the sexes. The
essayist infers that under similar conditions
of training women would be enabled to hold
their own in the field of intellectual labor.
royal commission investigated girls
chools throughout England in 1864 and re-
ported 'Want of thoroughness and foun-
dation, want of system, sovenliness and
snowy superfciality the intellectual aims low
and the attainments lower than the aims"
The necessity of good female college be-
came apparent, and the efforts Of Miss Emily
Davies to establish one at Kitchen, near Cam
bridge, were crowned with success in 1869.
II was organized as other Cambridge colleges
and got its tuition from Cambridge tutors
Shortly afterwards it was removed to Girton,
in the very outskirts of Cambridge in 1888
ffty-eight students who are not, it is true,
recognized as such by the University, but are
examined from the same papers as Cam
bridge undergraduates. Besides Girton, the
''Association for Promoting the Higher Ed
ucation Of Women at Cambridge - formed
In 1873, built Newham Hail. afterwards
''Newham College,, for the accommodation
of female students.
Besides the facilities offered by the English
universities, the Queens Institute and Alex
andra College, Dublin extend the advantage
of higher education to women. The col
lege for women near Egham, in Surrey,
built by Mr. HallOway in memory of his
mother at a cost Of 4237, 900 for the building
alone is TO be managed on the principle Of
Vassar College.
The Girls Public Day School Company
Qimited) opened its first school at Durham
House, Chester, in 1872. The experiments
of a public undenominationa school for girls
of the middle and upper classes was novel
and by many held to be frivolous, but the re-
suit justified the action of the company, and
In January, 1888, twenty-six schools on the
same model were in operation, with five
thousand scholars
WOMAN IN MEDICINE.
In paper contributed by Frances Eliza
beth Haggan, NJ. D., we read that the first
woman to be admitted to the English medi-
cal Record was according to Mrs Haggan,
DR.. Elizabeth Black 6ell, graduate of Gen
eva, New York This was in 1859, and no
other lady appeared upon the register until
1865, when the name Of Elizabeth Garrett
was added. Mrs. Blackwell founded the
London National Health society in 1871.
Frances Elizabeth Morgan and two of her
friends, who began to study medicine in
1866, succeeded in becoming, not surgeons,
but 'licentates Of the Apothecarie's Society,""
the lowest registrable diploma. This lady
continued her studies abroad and graduated
in medicine at Zurich in 1870.
A Miss Blake and four of her friends who
matTiculated at Edinburgh in 1869 seem to
have had rather hard time Of it. The
faculty were about evenly divided in regard
to the propriety of their admission. The
professor Of chemistry, Crum Brown, gave
them n separate lecture course at the rate of
thirtieth of what he charged the male
students and granted them special class ex-
nminations from the same papers used by
the male students in competition for class
medals and the Hope scholarship. As one
of the young ladies' in the special class pass
ed the best examination of that wear she
claimed, with what seems a considerable lack
of delicacy, the Hope scholarship. The male
students and the press protested and the
lady students became so unpopular among
the others that they were actually mobbed 10y
the medical students, their rivals. One
Micky O'llalloran, a veterinary student and
mn cx-Conledcrate trooper, with some of his
friends, became the ladies' champion, and
the matter ended in a riot with plenty of
broken heads and victory for Miclly; but the
ladies had to leave Edinburgh and finish their
studies on the continent.
PARLIAMENTARY RELIEF
Several bills to relieve women from the
disadvantages they were under in the pro-
fcssion of medicine had been introduced in
Parliament before 1876 but 1t was only in
that year that what is known the Russell
Gurney act' wns passed authorizing the
granting of qualifications for registration by
anybody entitled to grant them, under the
tool g.f
tuction of sex, but not making such a grant
compulsory with any university or corpora
lion. The Kings and Queens college of
Physicians and the Queens University, both
In Ireland, took advantage of this permission
and in the following year the London Uni
Vcrsity opened all Its degrees to women
But the privileges granted by Parliament
were rendered practically nugatory by the
hostility of the medical profession at large to
its new members A vote of the organizing
committee of the International Medical con-
Eress, In London, in lSSl,, excluded women
from all hut the social and ceremonial
meetings. This vote was attributed to the
influence of Sir William Jcuner, physician
iuordinary to the queen The Obsetrical so
cicty met the application Of one of them for
membership 10y resolution excluding all
women and they were voted out of the Brit
ish Medical association in 1871
Mrs. Haggan thinks that public opinion In
England is in advance of the medical profes-
sion upon this point as the number of medi-
cal women Is continually increasing. The
names of tweuty-siX women appeared on the
medical register in lSS2.
woMES iN the FIELD OF LABOR.
This essay, one OF the most ably written
I'm the book, is from the pen OF Miss Jessie
Bouchcrcttc, q writer in the Contemporary Re
rtr, Under the heading, ''The Industrial
Movement she shows how women have