davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Rights and Privileges OF Farmers.

"Justice in speaking of farmers says
l. They have ten votes to seven of all
other occupations.
9. They have votes enough to carry
any election.
3. They can effectually put an end to
the extortions of railroads, which take
one bushel of every two the farmer raises.
4. They can put ten farmers in con-
gress and the state legislature for every
one they now have.
all the states.
6. They can secure the same payment
per hour for hand work that is demanded
by brain work.
7. They can have all the comforts and
luxuries now enjoyed by the classes which
prey upon them.
s. They can combine themselves into
compact body.
8. They can cooperate. can stand by
one another, and if they do so can rule the
world-or
10. They can continue to be the dull
drudges they have been, the prey of every
cunning politician, lawyer and spsculator
in the land.
CoMMENTARY.-1. The advantage of
this depends upon how the votes are cast.
Divided equally between two parties they
amount to just zero.
2. True, but they never have, and
until they agree they never will.
8. All very true. if they know how,
and do it. Do they2 Will they ?
4. Yes, but when put there, won't they
follow few smart lawyers hired to lead
them around by the nose2 You bet
8. A valuable privilege, never yet used.
6. Hand work without brain work is
of little value.
Z. Not true; there is not enough to 60
around on the Vanderbilt scale.
s. So they can, but how to induce
them to do it has not been found out.
8. There is no class less likely to dc
so. Each farmer is naturally jealous Of
every other, and will vote for anybody
else sooner, as a rule.
10. A solid chunk of frozen truth
But the smart lawyer is the farmers idol
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
We have been both a fruit.prower ar

We have been both fruit-grower and
a grower of fruit trees, for many years,
but we do not see the sense of the practice
above commended. The writer says that
trees removed directly from the nursery
to the field die, because they have no
fibrous roots to support them. Now what
is nursery lot but " field" and why
will young tree transplanted into field
called nursery live, and yet die if trans
planted into field designed for an or
chard2 The only possible reason is in
the superstition that the orchard field is
not as good land, or in as good order, as
the nursery field; but it should be, and
when it is, this double transplanting will
be found to be an injury, rather than a
benefit. The most of our own orchard
has never been transplanted at all, the
trees having been left at proper distances
when the nurseries were taken off and
these trees have made far better growth,
and are healthier, than any transplanted
trees. How can it better tree to dig ii
up, mangling its roots and checking its
growth ?
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28

prefer dissolved bone or dissolved South
Carolina rock, by at least six dollars ton,
to the undissolved. When we say six
dollars ton, we mean ton of the rock
or bone, and not of the product. When
the rock is treated with acid one ton
makes about ton and three-fourths, with
no more phosphoric acid than was con-
tanned in the ton. The additional weight
is acid and water, of no great fertilizing
value, while this added weight increases
freight as we'll as cost. As the diluted
sulphuric acid to dissolve ton of the
rock does not cost more than four dollars,
and the rock not over eight, the one and
three-fourths tons produced do not cost
the maker (ncluding the cost of handling)
more than $15 at the factory, and would
pay good profit at SIS per ton. At a
price not varying much from this, with
freight added, we would advise our read
ers to use the dissolved rock in preference
to the undissolved. That it can be done is
proved by the fact that we now have be-
fore us the offer of leading fertilizer
firm to deliver dissolved South Carolina
phosphate rock on board cars at Boston,
in good packages, at $16 per ton by the
single ton, and no doubt less by the car
load. AS the carload freight is only SO 40
per ton, while our kind friends, the rail
roads, want So or IS per ton on less than
that quantity, it is plain that the farmers
ought to club together and buy by the
carload. But, dear readers, remember
every time, and don't forget ii, that plain
acid phosphate is not a complete fertilizer.
To be that it must have potash, and it
must have nitrogen. These are added in
most of the so-called commercial "phos-
phates," and it is desirable to have these
thus added, if the makers do not ask too
much for doing the job. A fair mixture,
equal say to Bradley's XL, can and should
be sold to farmers in carloads at not over
$25 per ton, or say $50 delivered at sta
tions in Vermont. We are satisfied that
when farmers get ready to buy for cash
by the carload a guaranteed phosphate,
equal to the XII, will be furnished to them
at these rates.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Anti-MaIarial Plants.

There is great deal said about the
value of certain plants, especially the sum
flower, as an absorbent of, or antidote to,
malaria. This is a mere notion, without
a particle Of scientific proof. That these
plants have no such effect is demonstrated
by their co-existence with malaria in all
its intensest forms in malarial districts.
We have seen them growing in profusion
in Kentucky around houses where no
member of the family was ever free from
the effects of mslarial poison; and there
is not an intelligent physician in the
malarial west that will do anything but
laugh at this popular delusion. To propa-
gate such erroneous ideas in the press is
to cause great evil, because it induces
neglect of really effective preventives OF
malaria, such as perfect drainage, avoid
ance of night air, ETC., etc. Sunfowers
may be valuable crop, (though we doubt
it, for we never knew anybody to persevere
in growing them long on any large scale),
but they are broken reed to lean upon
as preventive of disease.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Value OF Draining and Lining.

Sir j. B. Lswes, the great Rotham-
stead (England) farmer and expert
menter, says, speaking of the drainage of
heavy or wet lands:
When land is saturated with water,
aquatic plants of little or no value are
those which flourish the fertility of the
soil is locked up, and if the cultivator
wishes to avail himself of this fertility,
and by its means TO grow agricultural
plants, he must remove the surperhuous
water. Just as without pumping you
cannot avail yourself of the coal or cop
per which lies in the mines beneath the
surface, 30 in like manner you cannot I'M
lock the fertility of the soil unless you
allow the air to take the place of the
water. After the land is drained lime is
sometimes applied, and on certain class
of soils its beneficial effects are very
great. One of the most important and
interesting scientific facts in relation to
agriculture is connected with nitric acid.
stock of organic nitrogen existing in the
soil, the inert condition of such organic
nitrogen, and great influence of the liber
ated nitric acid in promoting the growth
OF agricultural crops, may be considered
to have got beyond the region of proba-
bility into that of established facts.
When we add that the conversion of
organic nitrogen is due to the operation
of a living organism, which cannot per-
form its work without there is sufficient
lime in the soil to combine with the nitric
acid as quickly as it is formed, we get a
clear insight as to why it is that the lime
is far more beneficial upon soils where
the amount of vegetable matter is large,
and the amount Of lime is small, than it
is upon soils where the lime is abundant
and the vegetable matter is small. As in
draining, 80 with lining, the inherent
properties of the soil are made available.
1t will be seen by the above that, with
a heavy soil, rich in vegetable matter, the
work of undertaking needs to be fol-
lowed by liberal application of lime, in
order to get full advantage from the lib
Grafton of the otherwise insoluble or I'M
available nitrogen locked up in such a
soil.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Home Gambling, and Its Impunity.

We are glad to see the louisiana Lot
terry denounced, as it should be, in our
newspapers, both religious and secular.
1t is an abominable and infamous swindle,
and it no doubt has some demoralizing
influence even in rural New England,
where, however, it has no open supporters.
But while we give this southern gam
bling establishment broadside, let us
not forget the gambling establishments
set up every autumn in nearly every
county of New England in connection
with our agricultural fairs. These race
tracks are home institution, as low, as
dirty, as dishonest and vile as anything
the south has to offer to the dupes and
rogues who patronize them. Why are
they not abolished ? Why have they
ever been allowed to exist? Why will
not petitions from every Christian church
go up to our next legislature to have them
forbidden by law, not drawn by its enc
mics, in terms which will nullify its
force, but by skilled hand that can and
means to finish them forever 1t is true
that many concerned in them are promi-
nent in the churches, and contribute
largely to church purposes. The followers
of Satan understand that game too we'll,
and know how to get an influence within
the sanctuary that will rally even a doctor
of divinity to stop structures upon horse
gambling institutions and their managers
in religious journal But how long
shall it be so
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
agricultural.
t. H. HosKINs. Newport. VT. Editor.
ONE of our leading farmers writes "I

ONE of our leading farmers writes al
desire to thank you for your very valuable
articles in the agricultural department of
THE WATERMAN, and especially the ar
ticles relative to fertilizers. If the farmers
of Vermont would follow your suggestions
relative to obtaining fertilizers, and their
use, / think they would gain and save
enough to pay all their taxes but they
are very unwilling to pursue any course
different from their fathers" Like our
friend, we have in times past been dis.
posed to criticise the conservation of the
New England farmer, which makes him
slow to venture upon novelties, or TO 60
ahead faster than he can see his way. But,
on the whole, we are convinced that it is
better so, than that they should be ready
to run after every new teaching. The
surplus capital of the average farmer is
too small to admit of unlimited expert
menting, and his individual knowledge of
scientific principles applicable to the bust
ness is also, as a rule, too limited to guide
him in the way. But as the slow but con-
slant dropping of water wears away
stones, so will the constant presentation
of truth to the minds of men produce its
legitimate effect. The older farmers will
begin soon to regret that they cannot un.
derstand this important question better,
and will see to it that their sons have
at least an elementary training in the
sciences related to agriculture. When
that is the case the progress of our art
will become both rapid and safe.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Continued from last toeek)
How Watch Cases are Made.

Imitation always follows successful
article, and imitation is one of the best
proofs of real honest merit; and thus it is
that the James Boss Gold Watch Case has
its imitators. Buyers can always tell the
genuine by the trademark of a crown, from
which is suspended pair of .s,ne u MARK
scales. BE sure BOTH crown and & q
scales are stamped in the cap of the watch
case. Jewellers are very cautious about en-
dorsing an article unless they not only kno~
that it is good, but that the character Of
the manufacturers is such that the quality
of the goods will be kept fully up to standard.
WILLIAMsPoRr, Pa, Feb 10, 1883.
The James Boss Gold Watch Gases go like hot
cakes. Each / sell sells another. Don't need
TO recommend them they sell themselves. One of
in for % years. and 1t is good Wththis
case do not hesitate TO give my own guarantee, es
pecially with the new and improved cases. which
seem TO be everlasting JESSE I. LITTLE, Jere'er.
New BRUNSWICK, Nj, Jan. 8, 1888.
This gold case, No. 6666, known as the James Boss
Gold Watch Case, came into my possession aboutl558
has been in since that time and IL still in good
condition The movement Is the one which wasin the
when bought 1t, and its condition shows that
the has really outworn the movement, which Is
playedout MARTIN A. HOWELL,
of Board Of Directors NJ J. r. II. e Trans. Co.
Send stamp Keystone Watch Factories. Pha-
deph handsome Illustrated showing how
James Boss' and keystone Watch Cases made.
ITO be C0ntinued.)
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Manure for Beans.

A Charlotte, (Vt.) subscriber asks :
"Can you tell through your department
the best fertilizer for beans ON worn-out
clay or loan land ?
Anything that will restore worn out
land to good general condition will be
as favorable TO beans as to any other crop.
On heavy soils that have ceased to be re-
munerative under ordinary treat ment, the
most important thing is drainage. The
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Transplanted Fruit Trees.
The Boston Cultivator says |:

Stew people know how much is 10 be
gained by transplanting fruit trees year
before they are set in the orchard. Re
move them from the nursery rows year
before they are wanted, setting them three
feet apart in rows. In this shape they
can be easily and cheaply cultivated.
Trees removed directly from the nursery
into the field die, because they have no
fibrous roots to support them, If they
were removed year earlier they would
stand the process better, and when they
are ready for the orchard they will be
about year ahead of trees not trans
planted and of the same age"
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
nENNIs BRITIAN,s EsTATE.

In Probate Court, held at Montpelier In and for said
District. ON the 18th day OF May, A. ID. 1884
=. s. kelon. administrator of the estate of Dennis
Britain late of Barre, in said District deceased pre-
sents his supplementary administration account for ex
animation and allowance, accounting for the distribute
i've shares with the accrued interest thereon, OF the
linea heirs of James Britain and Marshall Britain, sons
OF said deceased, in the estate of the deceased afore
have been unheard OF for than fifteen years i've
years OF which since the death OF said Dennis Brit
lam and makes application for decree of distribution
and partition said shares with the accrued interest
thereon among the other heirs OF the aforesaid Dennis
Britain. Whereupon 1t Is ordered by said Court, that
said and said application be referred to SEES
sion thereof to be held at the ProDate once IN SAID
Montpelier, ON the 18th day Of June, A. ID, 1854 for
hearing and decision thereon And II Is further ordered
that notice hereof given to all persons Interested by
publication the three weeks successfully In the
Vermont watchman state journal and the Argus and
previous said time appointed for hearing that they may
appear at said time and place. and show cause, II any
thew may have why said account should not be allowed
and such decree made. BY the Court-Attest,
: 1881. A. c, AYERILI Register.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
Nrobafe eMnhres.
JOSEPH b. NORRIS, ESTATE.

IOSEPH u. NORRIS ESTATE.
~ STATE OF VERMONT, District of Randolph a.
In Probate Court, held at Chelsea in and for said
District, on the 18th day of May, A. d. 1884:
An instrument purportng to be the last VIII and Tes-
lament of Joseph b. Norris late Of Wamstown in said
District, deceased, being presented TO the Court by
Emene Norris, the Executrx therein named, for Pro-
bate tits ordered by said Court that all persons concerned
therein be notified TO appear at session of said Court
TO be held at the Hibbard House in Wliamstown the
Goth day of June A D. 1884, and show cause If any they
may have, against the Probate of said will for which
purpose 1t ia further ordered that copy of the record
of this order be published three weeks Excessively
the Vermont Waterman q State Journal, printed at
Montpelier previous to said time appointed hearing
By the Court--Attest
1851 WILLIAM Ii, NICHOLS. Judge
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28

You can lead horse to water, but you
can't make him drink. And you may
lead man up to the ten commandments,
but you can't make him obey them.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
RAKAGHIAs ", MARsa ,sI EsTA A!it:,

In Probate Court, held at Montpelier in and for said
District, on the 9th day of May, A. ID. 1884;
George NJ Webster Administrator OF the estate OF Bar
achas W. Marsh late of Cabot in said District deceased
makes application TO said Court with the consent and
appreciation writing Of the heirs of said deceased for
license to sell all of the real estate OF said deceased SIT
uated in said Cabot, to witt " The Home Farm, The
Adams Land and the Baker Land, so called, repre-
sentng that the sale thereof would be benencia TO the
heirs of said deceased and those interested IN his estate
whereupon 1t is ordered by said Court that said APP
pcaton be referred TO session thereof 10 be held AZ
the Probate Oice. said Montpelier, on the 9Th day OF
June A D. 1884, for hearing and decision thereon And
further ordered that all persons interested be notified
hereof by publication OF notice of said application and
order thereon three weeks SUCCESSFULLY In the Vermont
Watchnan & State Journal newspaper published At
Montpelier and which circuates in the neighborhood OF
those interested before said time OF hearing that they
may appear at said time and place, and, II they see
cuse OBJECT thereto. BY the Conrt.--Attest.
1850 n A. G, AVEklLL, Register.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
A UsTIN JACKsoN,s ESTATE.

7 Y N N II
The undersigned, having been appointed by the Honor
able Probate Court for the District of Randolph, Com
mssoners to receive examine and adjust all claims and
demands of all persons against the estate of Austin
jackson, late of Brookeld in said District deceased,
and all claims exhibited in Offset thereto, hereby give
the dwelling house, of Abina jackson, in Williams
town, on the 2lst dayof June next from ten O'Clock
A. NJ. until four O'Clock p NJ, on said day, and
that six months from the 22d day Of February, A.
tors TO present their claims for examination and al
lowance.
Dated at Wamstown this 26h day OF April A. d. 1884,
CYRUS U. LATHROP, lc,,,,,a,,o-o
i9-5l HERBERT 2. MARTIN. IOomhllsslohers,
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
MARK FRENCH's ESTATE.


The undersigned, having been appointed by the Hon.
orable Probate Court for the District of Washington
Commissioners, to receive, examine, and adjust all
claims and demands of all persons against the
tate of Mark French, late of Montpelier in said District
deceased and all claims exhibited in Offset thereto hereby
notice that will meet for the purposes aforesaid
at the office of Geo. w. Wing, in Montpelier, aforesaid
the Goth day of June and the 10th day of Nov next
from O'Clock NJ. until four O'Clock NJ. each OF
said days and that six months from the 18th day of
May A. D. 1884, is the time limited by said Court for
said creditors present their claims TO for examna
ton and allowance
Dated at Montpelier, this l4th day Of May, A d. 1884.
GEORGE c. SHEPARD, > Commissioners
4q-5l JAMES w. BROCK. (Nohhiirsiohein
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28


Upon this showing it will be seen that,
at the usual retail price of fertilizers, sta
BILE manure of average quality ought to be
worth at least six dollars ton delivered
on the land. That is, the ingredients
have that commercial value.
But there is very important matter in
which the commercial fertilizer has the
advantage. This is the fact that it is
much better balanced fertilizer than dung.
Dung has far too little phosphoric acid
compared with its nitrogen and potash.
In order to make ton of average manure
as we'll balanced as good fertilizer it
should have added to it about fifty-ive
pounds of phosphoric acid, or say two
hundred pounds of fiue ground South
Carolina rock, or if more soluble form
is desired, three hundred and fifty pounds
of acid South Carolina phosphate, which
would give, in the latter case, $3.50
pounds, containing
Nitrogen IL bs at Is cents Ls
TnoSpnOHc aclu, oil IDS, AT cents. 10
Potash, TBS, at cents. 81
Total. S. rs
This is equivalent to $4.90 per ton, and
is about one-fourth of the strength of an
equal weight of the fertilizer. In many
cases this would be the very best way in
which farmer could increase his stock
of manure at small expense. The most
convenient way to accomplish the work
would be to lay in, in the fall, say one ton
of fine ground South Carolina rock to
every ten tons of manure expected to be
made from the stock to be wintered.
Scatter the powdered rock over the manure
every day in about that proportion. If
this is done, and the manure is properly
sheltered, the fermentation of the dung
during the winter will have the effect to
make nearly all the phosphate rock as
soluble as the natural phosphate already
in the manure.
Such fertilizer would be one-fourth
as rich and not one-eighth as costly as the
purchased phosphate, with the very i'm
portant additional value of containing a
large bulk Of vegetable matter, which the
purchased fertilizer lacks, and which is
of much value in tightening and warming
the soil during the decomposition. We
believe that such compost, carefully
made and handled, would prove the very
cheapest fertilizer in use for the results il
would show.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
YDIA Pixies EsTATE.

II COMMISSlONERS NOTICE.
The undersigned having been appointed by the Honor
able Probate Court for the District of Washington Com
missoners to receive examine and adjust all claims and
demands of all persons against the estate of Lydia
Pike late of Marshheld in said District, deceased and
all claims exhibited in offset thereto hereby give notice
that will meet for the purposes aforesaid at the dwell
lngpace of Asa Spencer in said Marsheld, the 18th
day of June and llth day of September next from
O'Clock p. until four o'clock P. NJ, each of
said days, and that six months from the 18th day OF
March, A. ID. 1884, IL the time limited by said
Court for said creditors present their claims TO for
examination and allowance.
Dated at Marshfed, this 18th day of March, AID. 1884,
a.o BASiiEt H9EEqMb' Commissioners.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
MARY A. BROWNS ESTATE,

WI STATE OF VERMONT, Washington District 50.
In Probate Court, held at Montpelier in and for said
District, on the 18th day of May A. ID. 1884
An instrument purportng to be the last viii and Tes
lament of Mary A. Brown late of Waterbury, in said Dis
tct deceased being presented to the Court for Probate
II Is ordered by said Court that all persons concerned
therein be notified to appear at session of said Court
to be held at the Probate Office in Montpelier, the
Sd day of June, A. d. 1884, and show cause. If any
they may have against the Probate of said will for
which purpose II s further ordered that notice of this
order be published three weeks successfully in the YER
mont Waterman & State Journal. printed at Montpe-
lier, previous to said time appointed for hearing.
BY the Court.-Attest,
1850 A. G. AVERILL, Register.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1884-05-28
New Idrerfissments.
HOODS
SARSApARILLA

Has decided" claims upon the public. This
Is positively proven by the immense good it
has done to those who have been cured of
diseases from which they have suffered in
tenscly for years, rs verified by the publish
tive fact.