davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
Personal.

The grave OF Thaddeus Stevens Is cover.
ed with grass and weeds a foot high.
General Hancock will attend reiipion OF
Mexican veterans In 81. Louis on October
stb.
The Grand Duke Vladimir is said 10 be
the wisest and most popular Of all the Rus
sian grand dukes.
The Rev. DIR. Lorlmer. OF Chicago. has
entirely recovered from the attack which ut
one time threatened an impairment OF his
mind, and he Is preaching in bis church
aenin.
No two papers seem TO tell the same s:o-
~ about the reported engagement Of +.
Marion Crawford. The american Queen
states that he is engaged TO Miss Berdan,
tie daughter Of General Berdan, OF Troy,
NY. II Is only Necessary to say, In an.
swer to this. that there Is no such person
as General Berdan in Troy.
Mr.. Brandt, the director OF the new Tel
fair Academy OF Fine Arts at Savannah,
Ga, il in Italy looking around to form a
nucleus for the collection. or Victor Tilg-
ner he has bought five marble statutes
of Phidias, Michael Angelo, Raphael. Rem.
brandt and Rubens-to be grouped in the
garden OF the academy. The cost OF the
group was $4,000.
Mrs. f. b. Cracker. one of the million
aire widows OF San Francisco. Left aiar the
doors OF her art-galery once week, that
the public might profit by free views Of the
collection. Vexed at the vandalism Of visi-
tors who on the public DAYS injured the
statuary, Mrs. Croker has locked the doors
in the face OF the public. and, like Mr..
Vanderbilt, she now wishes Il bad wish
about ii.
A good story is told on a candidate for
sheriff in county which aGioins Wake,
SAYS the Raleigh (North Caroiina) Observer.
He Il an enthusiastic canvasser. In MS
zeal he started out for a weeks tour. lie
was putting in his best work. One day
last week be was arguing with several men
end soliciting their votes. lie "stopp,i
short. never to 90 again." when one OF The
men said, "Why, ycu are not Bob Novel;;
we can't vote for you. Who are You, any
way." Never wac man so asionished a,
the unfortunate solicitor OF votes. He had
loft his own county, crossed over the me-
ard was in Wake. lie Will never hear the
last OF that joke.
Miss Eva Mackay. OF whom The cable oc-
casionally iattles TO the entertainment OF
the alewives down in the green sea, thus
appeared as she passed before the camera OF
a correspondent "She j. 4 tall. willowy
girl, very overwhelmingly, a one
would say, ION the jump with big dark
eyes sparkling with fun, and with qulc'''
ejacuIatory manner Of speech, which is an
other proof Of her highly nervous Temporal
ment. The ring Of laughter is in almost
every sentence she utters. There i some
thing almost nun-like in the simplicity Of
her dre.s. she will wear cheap white
gown in summer without particle OF ieT-
elgy." The rich John, her father, adores
her.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

The Philadelphia Bulletin says: "The
discussion Of the Greek question has had
the effect Of increasing the number Of stu.
dents Of the classics in the western col
leges. From Oberln. Ann Arbor, and
smaller institutions the reports arrive that
the classes in Greek are considerably larger
than last year." When We consider that
LoGAE has been canvassIng the West, may
II not be that the Greek boom is due to a
disgust for Englisby
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
Logan and the ( loody Shirt

West Virginia has large population OF
"rebel sympathizcrs,' as the BIaineites
dub them. LOGAN was in Wheeling last
week, and there made a speech. The
Register having charged that he had waved
the bloody shirt, the Intelliqsncer, the
BLAINE organ, proceeds in the best spirit
possible to explain what the Big Indian
meant by what he said. 1t denies that he
waved the bloody shirt at all.
Well, the Register ought not to expe-
rience much difficulty III fixing the charge
upon Mr.. LOGAN. In his letter OF accept
ance he waved the bloodiest Of bloody
shirts. He said
"In the mean time 1t is the duty OF the
national Government TO 60 beyond resolC-
tons and declarations on the subject, and
to take such action as may lie In its power
10 secure the absolute freedom OF national
elections everywhere, TO the end that our
Congress may cease 10 contain members
representing fictitious maiorites OF their
people, thus misdirecting the popular will
concerning national legislation. and espe-
cially TO the end that, in presidential con-
tests, the great business and other int erests
OF the country may not be placed in fear
and trembling lest an unscrupulous mi
nority should succeed IN sitting the wishes
Of the majority"
To 90 beyond resolutions and declara.
TONS" That's pretty talk for candidate
for Vice-President Of the free republic OF
the United States. "Bayonets at the ballot
box" Is what General LOGAN meant. Now,
that there NAV be no mistake as TO what and
to whom he was referring, we copy part
OF the language which he used In intro
ducing or leading up to the above threat.
He said in the same letter of acceptance;
"In many Of the southern States the col
ored population Is IN large excess OF the
white. The colored people are Republi-
cans, as are also considerable portion OF
the white people. The remaining portion
Of the latter are Democrats. In face OF this
incontestable truth these States invariably
return Democratic msjorlties. In other
States Of the South the colored people, al
though not majority, form a very consid-
cradle body Of the population, and with
the white Republicans are numerically in
excess OF the Democrats, yet precisely the
same political result obtains. the Democratic
party invariably carrying the elections. 1t
is not even thought advisable TO allow an
occasional or unimportant election to be
carried by the Republicans as blind ,
or as a stroke OF fnesse."
Here the famous doctrine is set forth that
every State ought to be counted as a Re.
publican State majority OF whose popula-
ton are negroes. In order to this end, LET
a Republican Congress ago beyond resolu-
tons and declarations" and abolish all
elections. Why should elections be held
In any State whose political preferences
can be ascertained from the census reDorty
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

Hir EN- AGAIN.--Professor ABBE, OF the
signsl-service Bureau, having been asked
by reporter for the Washington Posi-
what had become OF the eQulnoctial storm,
replied;
~ look upon the so-called 'equinoctial
storms as an exploded superstition, only
believed In by those who have not vet
learned better. The belief in them is
simply the remainder Of an old superstl-
fion."
We have taught this doctrine for many
years. II Is incredible that the crossing OF
an imaginary line by the sun should result
in storm OF either wind or rain.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
Three Rfra.RuRa Arresfed.

An Allentown PENN special says
Vigorous endeayors TO carry out the threat
made by "fire.bugs," In an anonymous
letter yesterday to lay the city In ashes, were
made to-day with the following result I:
The total destruction Of stable In the
First Ward. sdwelling-house slightly dam
aged in the Sixth Ward, and an unsuccess-
iul attempt 10 fire . large stable in the
Fourth Ward. Three suspicious charac-
ters were arrested and lodged In Jail.
There was considerable excitement, and
threats Of lynching were made.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
The Tariff.

1t is charged upon some OF the Demo-
cratic orators now stumplng Virginia that
they speak as il the Democratic party would
legislate upon the subject Of tariff 80 soon
as 1t shall get into power. Well, suppose
they do. The present tariff is the worst
that ever was inflicted upon this country,
except perhaps the last one. But let this
be os it may, the Republican national plat
form recognizes it as a tariff that cannot be
allowed to stand. That platform says:
1.-THE Republican party pledges itself TO
correct the Inequalities Of the present tar
IT," &C., &C., &c.
Is there any ambiguity in that language?
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
. pvrnrrsrso cHrArslll

"A
a., ~. nseome 70 :common 70 BEGIN IA article
a. s,e-.nt. interesting style,
T,,sa ruu n into some advertisements, that ws
avoid all such, :, 10,
&c.. - a. main. honest terms as possible.
sTo induce people ..s.
arr Give them one trial, which 50 proves tns'r
- "a, thew will never use anything else"
..r,rprxEpY 90 favorably noticed In all the
papers.
Religious and SECULAR" II,
suav,ng a large sale, and Is suopiantins al
LIT aTbero "a no denying the virtues Of the Hop
p,,nt. and the proprletors OF Hop Bitters nave
shown great shrewdness and ability
ain cownoundIns medicine whose virtucsire
-, ra,naIIe n every ones observation"
DID SHE DEP
.Sol
.sbe fingered and suffered along pininS aws'
all the time for years." 90
aThe doctors doing her no good;
And Al last was cured by this hop o'''e'' 'n'
napcrs SAY 80 much about"
"Indeed, Indeed ,,.,.,
How thankful we should be for tha' IN e''cii'c'
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

"GEoRGE Book, an old colored man,
who lost leg during the war, awoke up
one morning last week 10 discover that his
horse had been taken from his stable during
the night and shot to death" But hold
on, Mr.. SHERMAN. This little piece Of ku-
kluxing occurred in Pennsylvania.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

HARRY NJ. SNYTHE. Esq. has sold out
that stsunch Democratic paper The C!iach
Valley NetoS TO JOE V. KELLY, Esq. /,
will remain true to the Democratic party.
Mr.. SMYTHE intimates that he may seek
elsewhere n home as an editor. We trust
that he will.
Mr. KELLY has our best wishes for his
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
Burnetf's EOcOniue

promotes the growth OF the hair and rem
ocIs it dark and glossy. 1t holds. in 4
liquid form, a large proportion OF d.
cdorizcd cocoanut oil, prepared expressly
for this purpose. No otter compound pos
seSscs the pecuiilr properties which 50 eX-
actly su.t the various conditions OF the
human hair.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

We have received from CARLTON McCAR-
rBY, Esq, Of this city, the publisher, Pam
phet No. 3of Contributiopsto History Of
the Richmond Howitxer Battalion. Itcon.
taips TO less than four diaries. A every
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
MEETINGS..

A CALLED CONFOCATION OF Sa,fl5i,2e
"A LAFAYETTE ROYAL A II & II SAxes
CHAPTER, No. 43, viii he held at ~. EL,.S''ssi
Albans Hall, corner u Main and Third ~>'fH<.~
streets, THIS Tuesday FNESISG AT o'clock.
Candidates for degrees VIII please appear
All Royal-Arch Masons in good standing are
cordially invited.
By order Of the Most Eminent High Priest.
CHARLES LUNDIN,
or Ais Secretary. =.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

Nominations that In November would haIl
the return to pure government in the per-
sons OF those danrtless champions, Grover
Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks.
John o. Pendleton, Esq, then closed the
meeting with brilliant speech, largely de-
voted 10 the tariff.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
ADAUGHTER's MISERY.

arieyen years our daughter suffered on bed OF
misery. So -
From 4 complication OF kidney, liver rhe"-
matte troubles, and nervous debility,
"JnGer the care Of the est physicians
"Wh0 gave her disease various Names
81 iut no relief
"And now she IS restored 70 us in good hearth ~
as simple remedy as Hop Bitter', thlt we nai
summed for years before using 1.-THE fAHhNi''
FATHER Is GETTING WELL.
AMY daughters say:
"How much better father Is since he u'ed HOP
Bitiers."
"ue f. getting well after bis long suffering from
a di ease declared incurable."
land we are so glad that he used your Bliters."-
ALADY Of Utica, NY.
re- None genuine without n bunch Of green
Hons on the white label. Shun all the ve' poison
ous siuG with Hop . or I" Hops" In iheir nalne'
Cse 2-Tu.ThfwlSsalml
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

The Tribune announces that +" the north
ern tier is for BLAINE" And there will be
many a tear elsewhere for BLAINE in No.
yCmbcr,
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

at Is SAID that General GRANT may join
BLAINE in his stumping tour" \ cigar
stumping tour, we suppose.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
MOZART HALL.
THE GRAND SUCCESS or THE AGE-OPES
FOR TIE SEASON.
DINF.MUsEUM COMPANY.


from Washington, New York, and Philadelphia.
The Greatest Show on Earta for the Money
Arranged TO please the ladies. the Juveniles. and
family parties. Nothing 10 offend the most fasti.
dious Commencing on
MONDAY NIGHT. SEPTEMBER 10Th.
and every afternoon and night during The week,
exeept Thursday night. All the Artist Stars,
among them ] II z GREAT sHEDMa n. iust return
I'd from Mexico with his wonderful troupe Of Edu-
Gated Monkeys and Dogs. Monkey talks. walks the
tisht rope-alene worth the charge Of admission.
The lannon's Musical Duo, Tax GOTLElBS. In
their Immensely amusing sketch :" Nips.r The
wonderful European celebrity. QUEEN sARBRO,
in her great feat Of the Ladder OF Life" actually
waking TO the summit on swords as sharp as ra-
LIMA, FOLEY, Ths great great musical couple s;
Artist. JARVIS. the Only; has no living equsi.
IA DlABLE JOYCE, In HE wonderful contor-
lions and poses, with many other extraordinary
rerformances. 10 conclude with the immensely
somic farce called SCRAPS, characters by the
sl,edman troups.
Admission 10 all this great show only 10 cents;
reSeryed seals, 90 cents Doors open Afternoon al
i.ee performance commences at 2 ~ night doors
even A. and commence NJ o'clock. Gallery re-
Siyed foI celored people, eso-N
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

Wonder what is SIMON CAMERoN's private
opinion Of BLAINE, remarks an exchange.
Take public opinion OF SIMON CAMERON and
you have it exactly.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

The Philadelphia Press says: "JoHy A.
LOGAN, the Republican candidate for Vice
President, was Democrat before the war;"
Thank gracious for that, 'before the war;"
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
BRIEF COMMENT.

"There appears to be no Western Reserve
toward BLAINE and LOGAN in Ohio" No,
it is behind CLEVELAND.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

An esteemed contemporary heads an edi-
torial, "Blaine on Big Scale" Yes, bug
sliding scale, and going down.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

The New York Times eXclaims "Now
that the summer is over" Some of the
Iimes'S Jokes are very cruel.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
NJADISON-WARD DEMOCRATIC
WI CLUB,

regular meeting Of the MADtSOS-WAED
DIP NOCRLTIC CLUB viii be- held NJ the City
Hall TTtSDAY EVENING. September 3Oth, ~
$50 O'Clock. Democratic voter, Of the ward are
earnestly invited to be present and enroll their
names 9 : members. ". X. PECO3, Secretary.
l. j. ENGLISH President. 81 Bolt
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

l,cdy has believed ever since PErrs's Dairy
first sppsared In print diaries are tne mos
instructive and most reliable and most IN
tercstIng Of books Of hstorv. Price si'
For sale by CARLTON MCCARTHY.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

Horsford's Breaa Prspsratien
= the cheapest baking powder made.
Try 1t.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
TIE CANDIDATES.

Look at the candidate they present. A
man with both hands always outstretched
Tor plumber, who pr0sttuted the highest
Office in Congress to dill his yenal pockets.
Mr.. Kelley did give Dir. Blaine such polite
enstigation as never candidate received.
Contrast this man with the candidate the
Democrats have named. Passing through
the fiery furnace OF three canvasses his Of
fetal purity has come out like thrice refined
gold. What could one say Of the "pure
Republican party!" And the Department
OF Justice; Heavens. what mOckery to call
1t justice. Emory Speers's reports OF
The investigations in this department
wound up with the expression that steal
ings, false entries, and oyer-charges had
become so common in the depart nent that
officials excused themselves by saying:
"They all do it,"
On the first Tuesday after the first Mon
day Of November every four years the peo-
pie OF the United States exercise their high
est prerogatlye, that Of saying how this Gov
eminent shall be managed. There were
various matters, then, that il behoOves the
people TO know, and some OF these the
speaker proceeded 10 consider. The Re-
publican legislation in favor OF monOpolies
was first handled without gloves, and Ed
munds's expression OF the man (Blaine)
propped up behind the bulwarks of Jay
Gould was happily commented upon.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
JACKSON WARD.
MILITARY NOTICES

HEADQUARTERS + CONPASY,)
FIRST REGIMENT VIRGINIA NOLUNIEEHS,
RICHMOND, VA, September 30, 1884.
L. COMPANY, ATTENTION.-Ins
4 obedience ITO orders from regimenlal head a
ousrttrs the officers and men Of r Company NJ
will assemble THIS Tuesday EVENING NJ II
7:40 O'Clock, In FUN dress, for drill and parade.
BY command Of
TAzEwELL ELLETT, Captain.
se3O II. VI. BOlkIN. First Scrge1nt.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

HEADQUARTERS STUART HORSE GUARDs,
September 80, 1884.
GENERAL ORDERS No. 3D. "a
" TIE Troop will attend drill THIS vNtn
AFTERNOON at i:30 O'Clock in fatigue /<4Slt
uniform, at usual drill ground. --A>
Bv order Captain bArALL. r. III. DEANE,
81 30-li Acting orderly Sergeant
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
PERSONAL LIBERTY.


the people In their homes. The Puritani-
cal sentiment the Republican party is fos-
terlDg proposes TO say that while the rich
man may drink his Chambertin and Widow
Clicquot, the poor man, after his days
work, shall not drink his glass OF beer. 10
this, three States, all Republican, take the
lead-lowa, Kansas, and BlaIne's State Of
Maine. And when the speaker referred to
this he was greeted with loud cheers. Then
the justice 10 labor by the last Democratic
House Of Representatives was neatly
shown. How il abolished convict labor in
Federal prisons was also well elaborated.
There was another matter that Mr.. Kelley
said he must refer to, but which he could
not even mention camly, it so affected him.
II was an evil which bad existed ever since
the country lived. and an evil which the
Democratic party had sci its foo. upon when
ever its bead had been shown. Thirty years
ago it was called acknowledgement, but
under whatever name it lived IL was that
undying hatred to ioreign-born citizens.
This was the deadly enemy OF every Irish
man and every German in the land. and
thank God 1t was now confined to q small
circle. "But," SAID Mr.. Kelley, "where
can you find KDow-Nothing who is not a
Republican? Show it to me, and | will
take il to Barnum as rarer curiosity than
his white elephant" What is the record
Of Blaine on this question? Then came
the Kennebec Journals Know-Nothine
course, under Blaine's editorship, and the
tarring and featherng OF Catholic priest
because he offered mass. But his friends
PLEAD The BABY ACT,
and said he was not old enough 10 know
better. Well, he was old enough. accord
ing 10 his own admission, to be married
twice. [Applausel In 1915 he was GER
tainly old enough to know better, but that
was the time he circulated the infamou,
Madigan circular, opposing the election 10
Congress OF James Madison, n Democrat.
because he wss Catholic, though he ae-
knOwledged he was in every way qualified
for the position.
In answer TO these charges the Republi.
cans only say the country is prosperous. and
its wealth has trebled In the past twenty
years. Whose wealth has trebled, Me-
chanics OF Wheeling, has your wealth tire.
bledi Are you getting three times the
wages OF twenty years ago? Whose wealth
has trebled! Blaine's has, for then he was
worth only $4,000, and now his wealth Is
three fourths OF million. jay Gould's has
increased. lie had only $500, 900, and now
he says he has S73.0O0, 900, Dorsey's wealth
and Elkins's wealth has increased. But in
the words OF the Irish poet, awhile the
wealth increases the men decay"
After continuing In this strain for some
time, Mr.. Kelley made beautiful appeal 70
the sons Of West Virginia not to change
the faith Of their fathers, but to light, in
October, the furnace fires OF victory, and
to keep them bright to Join the several
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30

MERCANTILE AGENCY.
C.F.CLARK, Pres. Z. +. RANDOLPH, Treas.
Established ls49l
HUE BRhDSTREET MERCANTILE
AGENCY,
THE BRADsTREET COMPANY, PIoPRIEToRs.
EXECUTIVE OFFICES, 279, PSI, AND 2ss
BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
Offices in all the principal cities OF the limited
States and Car ada; In London, England; also A
Coutinental aud Australian correspondence.
VOLUMES ISSUED QUARTERLY.
sheets Of Changes semi-weekly. Constant reyi-
si0ns and prompt notification 10 subscribers.
Names of reliable lawyers who make collections
Its qualifications are greater and its bushes.
larger than any similar organization In the world
conducted In one interest and under one mansge
Won are respectfully Invited 10 inye,,iga,e. and
II in need Of any agency 10 test Its ability 10 serve
you.
RICHMOND oFFIcE-No. 1919 MAIN STREET.
J.H. WITTY,
au7 superintendent.
Richmond dispatch. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1884-1903, 1884-09-30
EnucATI0NAL.

1Siss LIZZIE Z. ARBuCKLE. !iS
WI FAST TRANKLIN STREET - p e sSlyrns.f =
Tim Al her residence. spectral attention. |s' ~
10 placing and developing the voice, wn',s sna-
irds orafSr rio, and opera are ttuRbt ~ All
furtLer particulars apply at The above nadt rna,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-01-19
THE mAYBEE MYSTERY.
Con fesstou OF Edward Tappnu, one ol
=. Z ,!-Y5s''7 the AurteFcrs. Isl

y i : - 9sIt.
Confesstou or Edward Tappan, one OF
= u i,gs.legssi' the Aurdercrs. Vs.
-HuSTrns Po1Nr, Z. +, January 1S.-Ed-
ward Tappan, who waa arrested in connec.
ton with the Townsend outrages, confesses
today that his brother John and himself
we're concerned in tho murder Of Mrs.
Msybee and her daughter. The confession
says John committed the crime. He was
ia the barn when Mrs; Maybee entered
and clutching her by the wrist with one
hand he choked her to death with the other.
This took ten or fifteen minutes; he then
dragged her body md hid i. under theleayes
In the stall. Edward was standing
by at the time, and John said he proposed
TO wait until Annie, the daughter, came in
and then kill her and rob the house. When
she entered he caught her by the wrist and
throat. She struggled ; to get away and
fought him, but he killed her and hid the
body by ! the side Of the mother. They
both then went into the house and when
Mr.. Maybee, the blind old father, asked
who 1t was John replied, 7."it's me-"
They went upstairs and ransacked the
house and coming down when Mr..
Maybee Knocked 4 on the floor With
his cane John went up to him and de-
manded his gold watch, at the same time
rubbing his hands up and down his vest.
The old man said he was blind and could
not get 1t, and John said, ,"Must kill you
then" lie took Mr., Maybee's cane and
struck him over the head with It twice,
and then ransacked the house again, and
went home. John gave his brother ten
dollars for his share Of the plumber. John
Tappan is still at large. ~ = -. ,,l