davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12
EDITOR TRIBUNE:

The astute political dude who man
aged the canvass Of the opponent of
Edwin J. Jones for president of the
Village Council on yesterday, can, if
the sense is not all knocked out of
him, learn by sad experience that
when the people meet, en- masse, in
caucus and decide fairly upon candi-
dates for office, they propose to carry
out their will at the polls, That friend
60 of the defeated candidate for Presi-
dent must now know that he can
not control the people and that his
friendship (?) is only selfish one,
which has a gauzy thinness quite
apparent to all and which may give
rise to repetition of the old adage,
"save me from my friends"
CAUCUS.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12
CORRESPONDENCE.
EDITOR TRIBUNE:

| EDITOR TRIBUNE:
Now that the Prohibitionists are
working hard, proclaming their rad=
ical and unwholesome principles all
over the state, in regard to the liquor
traffic, that they may be sure to make
their point at the converting of the
next legislature, it is refreshing indeed
to here a word in favor of high licence,
as that of Gordon e. Cole and an
article taken from the Dispatch (which
appeared in the TRIBUNE of the 9th
ult. The reason the Dispatch gives for
introducing high license, I think are
worth noticing. Something ought to
be done to stem the great misery of
drunkenness, and it seems to me that
high license is the only wholesome
and practical means at present, where
by to do it. I would like to suggest
Mr.. Editor, that this matter be con-
sidered and worked up and that we
ask our representatives TO support the
high-license system at the next legis-
lature.
have often been asked to join the
Prohibitionists and help them in their
work, but have declined to do SO, for
good reasons. [ dare say that the
principles they are advocating are detz
rimental and an eneroachment upon
the blessed, personal liberty handed
down to us by our forefathers. Who
will vouch for, if they this time are
successful in their project in prescrib-
ing to us what we shall drink, that
they, at the next occasion, they may
have, may take the next step and
prescribe to us what we shall eat.
Ihave always thought that not the
right use of the gifts given to us by
our Creator is in itself reject
able, but the misuse. That there are
many, who will condemn me, and
others and say that we are the very
persons sustaining the present misery,
because we are not ready to denounce
class of beer, wine or brandy as the
DEVILS cup, am we'll aware; our
Master himself was called a winebib-
Der, the friend ofpublicans and sinners.
III. JOHNSON.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

The imported Red Polled bull
"Silversides" has been purchased by
IL. w. Stone & Co. and may now be
seen upon their Riverside farm.
"Silvcrsidesn pedigree is as follows:
DAMS. BRED BY
Silverlocks, Mr.. Biddell.
Silverbury, Mr.. Biddell.
Bury b., Mr.. Biddell.
sIRES BRED BY
Troston 3rd Mr.. Gooderham
The Baron, Mr.. Biddell.
Playford Sire, Mr.. Biddell.
Troston 3rd traces back to the head
of u famous family.
The bringing of this famous bull
"Silversides" to Stevens county is,
we believe the first introduction OF
this noted breed of cattle.
When fully grown the females of
the breed weigh on an average from
1000 to 1900 pounds. Three year old
bulls and steers frequently turn the
scales at 1000 and 5000 pounds. Red
Polled cattle are said to be hardy and
thrifty, and lay on flesh rapidly on
pasture of the poorest character, while
they amply repay any extra feed or
attention. AS in other polled breeds,
Red Polls are very impressive. Stock
sired by Red Polled bull, no matter
of what horned breed is the dam, is
usually red in color and polled in
and make splendid ami
mails for the dairy or for the butcher.
One great advantage is that these are
polled cattle. If polled cattle are
ever generally introduced, as we be-
lieve in time they will be, accidents
caused by the horns of vicious ami
mails will be unknown.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

LosT-On Sunday afternoon March
9th liver colored little pup about two
months old. Any information lead
ing to his recovery will be liberlly re-
warded A. A stone.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Why will you suffer with cracked or
bleeding hands when you can have
them cured with one application of
James Glycerated Petroli?
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

The Farmers Tribune is the cheap
est and best paper published. Send
for sample, and if you like it subscribe
for it, Tribune Company. Mime
apolis.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

offer my painting business apd
stock for sale, and will lease my shop
to purchaser.
This is a fine opening for practiced
painter to secure well established
business.
Will sell on easy terms.
1t III. HUTCHINS.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

John D. Good has large assert
ment of groceries which he is selling
cheap. 1t will pay you to examine
his stock and get prices before buying
elsewhere.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

TO close out my stock of Hamburg
embroideries will sell the same at
greatly reduced prices for the next
thirty days.
0lt4 Miss KELLOGG.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Until March 18th 1884 I will sell at
private sale Ito avoide moving and
storing) my dining room, bed room
and parlor furniture. Also number
one Jewett Range, nearly new, and
other kitchen furniture.
1Ot2 Mrs. T. B. KENNER.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Geo. F. Cogel wishes to inform the
farmers of the county that he is bound
to close out his stock of Norwegian
Clipper plows and in order to dispose
Of them at once will sell for cost. If
in need of pillow call upon Mr.. Cogel
at the Union elevator. If
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Come and see my fine assortments
of Ladies, Misses and Children shoes
just received before buying elsewhere.
Also you will find a nice and COM
plete line of white goods and numer-
Gus other goods, which lhaYa been
Brought diEeot from New York city,
at the very bottom prices.
112t III. B. WOLFF.
Ladies call for the fine kid opera
slipper at 75cts.
112t #, Rl WaIrF.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Call and look at the fine assortment
of Hamburg edgings at Miss Kellogg's
before purchasing elsewhere. At
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12
Notice Of Dissolution.

Notice is hereby given, that the part
nership heretofore existing at Morris,
Mimi, between George F. Cogel and
Albert DeKay, under the firm name
of Cogel & DeKay has been this day
dissolved by mutual consent, George
F. Cogel retiring from the firm and
business. Albert DeKay will continue
the business at the old place, and is
to pay all liabilities and collect and
receive all money due the late firm.
Dated February 25th, 1884.
GEORGE F. CpaE4,
9t4 ALBERT DEKAY,
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

A work team for sale, cheap for cash
Enquire of
10t4 J. It. McNULTY,
Perkins House.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

We still have q few groceries which
we are selling very cheap.
J. D. Coon.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

For sale cheap. A few choice
pieces ofyillage and country property.
For terms apply to
e. w. RANDALL
Morris MINI.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Subscriptions received for all the
leading papers of the country. Liber-
al reductions made to all who subscribe
for the TRIBUNE with other publica-
tions. T.. w. RANDALL.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Ground feed, bran, and shorts, corn
meal and buckwheat flour at
SPUR & AURLAND'S.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Save money. by buying goods at
Croonquist's cash store.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

James G.. Hutchens wishes to an
nounce to the public that he will herd
stock of all kinds the coming season at
reasonable rates, and will guarantee
satisfaction. 11t4
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

An improved farm for sale, good
farm buildings; sixty acres plowed:
within short distance from Morris,
will be sold very cheap and on easy
terms. For further particulars apply
to
E. w. RANDALL
Morris MINI.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

For tea or anything in the line of
first class groceries go to
SPUR & AURLAND'S,
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Pianos Tuned and Organs put to
rights on reasonable terms, by Prof. c..
Gastine, Pacific Avenue House, Nor
ris. 72t4
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

The Highest Cash Prices Paid for
Furs and Farm Produce, at
So WOLFF 81 WELLS.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

remedy has ever become as pop
ular in as short time as the North
Star Lung and Throat Balsam.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12
M. DIEDRICH.

Ornamental and forest trees for sale.
Samples at my office. All trees guar
anteed.
re nj
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

FOR SALE-French-Pe
stallion, Louis Napoleon.
DIR, III. HARDY.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Tn retiring from the Arm of Cogel
q DeKay wish to thank our numer-
Gus friends and customers who have
favored us with their patronage and to
express the wish that they favor Mr..
DeKay with continuation of past
favors. GEORGE +. CoGEL.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12
MISCELLANEOUS,


All kinds of dry and green wood at
Fuller's yard and man there at all
times to serve customers. 1t
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

With Col. John Stevens in charge of
its Agricultural and Col. r. p. Nc
Glincey, Secretary of the Northwest
ern Dairyman's Association, in charge
of it's Dairy department, the Farmers
Tribune is the best paperin the North
west. Send for specimen copies con-
tanning full information of the great
Seed Premium Offer, to Tribune Com
pany, Minneapolis. No farmer can
afford to be without it.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Fresh Oranges and Lemons every
day at SPURR & AURLAND's.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

1t always pays to get the best which
you will find every time at
SPUR & AURLAND'S.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

A fine lot of fine boots and shoes
and Mems Boys and Youths CLOTH
ing.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Highest cash price paid for oats.
81 CoGEL & DEKAY.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Berkey's breakfast coffee at John D.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Thousands saved from death by DR..
Kings New Discovery for Consump-
ton. Trial Bottles free at Max Buck
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

I have few Norway Clipper Flows
on hand and will close them out cheap.
Off GEO, F, COGEL.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

The Celebrated Dakota Flour kept
constantly on hand at
SPUR & AURLAND'S.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

WEATHER STRIPS, at
76tf A. A. STONES.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

A pair of Mares for sale.
loft J. w. McCOON.
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12
FOR SALE.

FOR SALE.
Special sale of Hamburg embroiders
at Miss Kellogg's. at
1t railways pays to get the best which
you will find every time at
SPUR & AURLAND's.
Berkey's breakfast coffee at John D.
Goods.
A pair of Mares for sale.
loft J. w. McCooN.
WEATHER STRIPS, at
76tf A. A. STONES.
Fresh Oranges and Lemons every
day at SPUR & AURLAND'S.
A fine lot of fine boots and shoes
and Mems Boys and Youths CLOTH
ing.
G. J. CRooNoUIsT.
I have a few Norway Clipper Plows
on hand and will close them out cheap.
9tf GEO. F. CoGEL.
The Celebrated Dakota Flour kept
constantly on hand at
SPUR & AURLAND's.
Call and look at the fine assortment
- T. n
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12


extend 10 and help support the floor of
the court room ahoyes Between these
walls and over the top arches ID 4 it.
of gravel which will prevent falling
timbers in case of fire from crushing
through and running the vaults.
After the county records are taken to
the new court house, the people may
he assured that they will be ina place
of absolute safety. The air spaces
around the vaults are connected with
the chimneys and as q fire has been
made under them everything is per-
| fectIy dry md there is no danger that
dampness will ever destroy any of the
books or papers Of the county.
The windows In the lower floor have
segment tops. The tops Of those in
the second story are semi circular.
| All have box frames and are hung
With weights. 1t took 5000 lbs. OF
| weights to balance the windows in
the building. Each window hos lifts,
| SYGDldlcS dIlO Sdon IuStCIlSIS' OfCl
| the front entrance is double window
1e #. high with circular plates of glass
| in the top, which add very much to
the appearance of the front;
OF the wood work we can speak but
briefly The floor joice are 2 by IA
inch. and all are double bridged.
Everything else is proportionally
strong and durable. The floors and
wainscoting are of Georgia pine and
are carefully finished. The roof is a
mammoth affair: It is supported by a
series of nine huge trusses WHICH are
firmly fastened together by heavy bolts
and each truss is held by strong iron
rods extending down into the exterior
brick walls. The tower is quite a
structure by itself. The posts are Is
Morris tribune. [volume] (Morris, Minn.) 1880-2000, 1884-03-12

Miss KELLOGG.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03
OlIIng Wagon Wheels and Woodwork.

Mr.. Allen f. Smith reports to the
Farmers Revie,D an experience in oilIng
wagon wheels and other woodwork II
have e wagon OF ghish, six years ago,
the felloes shrunk 80 that the tires Be-.
came iuose. gave it good coat of hot
oil, and every year since It has had q
coat of oil or paint, sometimes both.
The tires are tight yet and they have not
been set for eight or nine years. Many
farmers think that as soon as wagon
felloes begging to shrink they must 20 at
once to q blacksmith shop Sand get the
tire set. Instead Of doing that which is
often damage to tho wheels, causing
them to dish, If they will get some lin.
seed oil and heat It boiling hot and give
the felloes all the oil they can take, It
will fill them up to their ushal size ard
tighten to keep them from shrinking, and
also TO keep out the water. If you do
not wish to go TO the trouble Of mixing
paint you Can heat the oil and tie q rag
TO stick and swab them over as long as
they will take oil. A brush is more con-
yenient 70 use, but swab will answer If
you do not wish to buy brush. It is
quite saving of time aud money to look
alter the woodwork of farm machinery.
Alternate wettipg and drying Injuries and
causes the best wood soon to decay and
lose its strength unless kept we'll painted.
It pays to keep a little oil on hand to
oil forkhandles, rakes, neck. k.yokes, Whit
fetfees, and any Of the sfaall tools on
the farm that are moro or less exposed.D
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03

between the two and free pass over the
line and plenty of money at both ends of
it. | think she would like that, and with
q half dozen or dozen of her numerous
and lovely postority to travel with her I
think she would be happy. It is good
for man or woman to leave home oc.
casionally and be petted and muched up
abroad among kindred and friends, and
1t is good for them to come back again
and rest and enjoy the quiet and peace of
the family fireside and 6ask In the sun.
shine and smiles of the loved ones at
home. l like to go, but love to return.
God bless our homes and protect them
from envy and discomfort and from fire
and sword.
BILL ARP
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03

q STRoNG G1RL.-"Uncle Abe" said
a woman addressing o colcred gentleman
of prominence, "I'se got some mighty
bad news fer yer.'
ii"What is It chile 2" az =
a'''1'se jes' from yer houss an yer boy
is dun glib up by de doctors"
~. Dat sol Use glad ter hear it."
~ "W'y UnGle Abe. yer oughter be
'shamed OBJ yourself"
"Dats whar yer'c wrong. Eff dat doc.
tor has been workin' ON dat boy now fer
two weeks, an at las has ter gin hiIn up,
it shows dat dc boy is q mighty strong
chile. Had ter gin him up, did he7 ur
haw, haw. Doctor fms obsteckles In
de way when he comes er foolin' 'roun'
my iamiIy:" "ss9S Y.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03
For the Roya.

Tho writer has been boy on farm,
apd also has had boys of his own on tho
farm. We know how to appreciate
kind, thoughtful and faithful boy. So
much trouble and anxiety asa ne sa7si
to the parents who devote their lives and
energies, for their children. SO long as
you live OF home, no matter how young
or how old, never start on q Journey,
even IL it takes yon from home but d few
hoa.sss ,yyi;thout telling at least some one
of the family Ct your visit or absence.
Never be absent FROM your meals, if IL
can possibly be avoided. nn!aa the fami-
ly are expecting you win not retGrn te
the meal in time. Aud especially nevar
be away at night beyond the appointed
hour, as your loviag but weary mother
may be aitting up through the weary
hours of the nigh: for your return Tow
ing parents are a,wsss fearing ens.h!sg
will happen you. BY needless absence.
By ls.e hesrs end h= f:ssz.aa.:;. h=GI:s
which may not be immoral or ainfnl, you
may be wearing cut the life and spirits
of paren: faster than any ordinary toll.
As an old man who has passed through
nearly all of tho viciesitudes of life, we
would kindly urge boys who are full Of
life and spirits. to think Of the little
EmSSliSS VI AteJ VI SouEteSyS oE ,Couu"
dence in your parents, and Of strict f.,
household at snitable and reasonable.
hours. All of the trouble anil anxiety
Of your parents for you are fa7 FOUR good,
your prosperity, and for your successful
march up to manhood and ,nor. It Is
easy by carelessness and tnes ieet to make
miserable and shortenthe lives of those
who love you most, and whom you can
trust and conRde in above all. others.
Then do NOT by inattention to your hab-
lis Of punctuality in promptly returning
to the household, and In advising them
as, far as possible, In going away, the
probable hour Of your return. Try o.
study what will rlake those kind parents
happy. And above all establish in yours'
selves habits Of promptness and punctti-.
;ality. Ioioa State -Regisser.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03
DELp;ly,lAat. IN, 4 ,yVls.. Sent, b. Is78,

DELEYAN, WIS. Sept. "a. 1873.
bottle of DO Hop Bitssrs. wss as q isebis Sis
old man Of ,78 when 7 got ;it. To-day I
am as acsive and feel as we'll as II i did at
80. see q great many thai need such a
medicine.:is a ii !,sl;2 p. BoYGfp =
- Never give q promise that yos 40:
not intend to fulflIS :. ,.i 3l,EShf. q @jiGs.Tgb
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03

"A paste Of equal parts of siited
ashes, clay and salt and little water
cements cracks in stoves and ovens.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03

three quarters of q million for the current
year and when inquired what all that
money was for they told me that half of
it was to pay the interest on the public
debt--a debt created mainly by radical
rule and radical stealage. I saw spit-
toons that cost two dollars and half that
are worth about so cents and there were
mirrors that cost 81 500 piece and
everything else paid for in proportion
Just TO put III money in sombody 3 pocket.
I4el! yea :sosS radicals ftathcIei their
nests while they had the power and they
had It good while and left load of
debt and infamy behind them. But it ia
all changed now. The State is redeemed,
regenerated and disenthralled and the
people seem happy. "Oh," they say,
I'VE will work out; we will pay that
debt; we will do anything to get rid Of
them fellers, and keep rid Of them"
They talked most kindly Of our people
for the aid and comfort and sympathy
we gave them in 1876, and as for Gener.
al Toombs and General Gordon their
love and admiration knew no bounds.
Now I aun home; again! and having o
good time telling my wife aud children
all about my journey, and what q good
time I had among those noble people,
and how met old school ,mates. and old
army friends and I feel bstter, and young
OF. and nov I'n going to get. Mrs. Arp
off to Florida where she can renew her
youth like the eagle, and just as soon aa
] get rich I'm going to buy her winter
home down shere with orange groves
and pine apples, and bananas, and co.
coaDats, and lemons, and guava, aud O
summer home away up hero among the
mountains, and railroad and palace carr
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-01-03

OuttOHcus n SuO0 tuat ldCGh UP Lu0 8lQo
is far better, and, as ladies generally viii
not wear boots, Is the best shoe to pre-
serve the health and beauty Of the foot"
"Why do you say 'boots9'" $500
Because boots are the only kind Of
foot covering that answers all require.
ments of health, comfort and good looks.
a bout, we'll mHdo-aud, Of couTse,
mean properly nad0, in all cases-braces
up the foot and anl,le, and rests the ex.
tremity instead of fatiguing. Such evils,
as pointed toes and narrow. soles, should
never even be thought Of, much less
worn. But they are" r '',3'ss E'i53-
= YVES, and Will be. Men ought not 10
get drunk ; or, Id fact, lead lives other
than of the highest purity, but they do,
aud will continue to do, 80. And hence
they are always SHINING and always re.
penting. Nature, however, has given one
remedy for corns' and buniot1s, and the
same agent will go faflto the restoring oi
deformed feet; to their original chaps. = i,
&a eTcll me that, BY all means."s
!! 'rrho use Of hot water and, soap. No
matter how badly his pedal exsrernitiea
have been Sabnsed, IL o. man will aoak bis
;feet,evesy.. night tnhot water for about
aitsen minutes, and lsa, soap; on, ::hop,
fresly, he will get cared Of corns, etc. Z 9
gunEen fnssep will DO restored. and tie
parts Of ths feet Will hsscssSc thssr normal
proportions. "a He & must ,continSe tie
practice; saqetimes for; EIE.nv, m,,nths;
but IL To- neyer falling. OF course. ,he
must Wear properly made phQea tilf The
while "a - q:
Alpena weekly argus. [volume] (Alpena, Mich.) 1871-1893, 1884-12-24

Although times are dull and money
scarce, yet there appears to have been
considerable sales Of Christmas goods.
People, however, do not appear to buy
very extensively of high priced toys,
The demand Is mostly for substantial
and useful goods. The Chatter Boxes
offered are as good as in past years,
and form valuable and entertaining
present for young people. About as
useful Christmas presents as can be
purchased this year are warm clothes,
boots and shoes, flour, provisions,
meat, etc. The smaller children,
however, look for some little toy or
other, and a large variety is offered
by various business firms at prices
that, even in this year, are within the
reach Of almost everyone. A small
sum Of money judiciously invested
will bring the parent great harvest
Of pleasure. as they witness the happi.
ness of their children tomorrow morn.
ing. The children all expect some.
thing if it is only tin whistle, india
rubber doll, a few sweets, or some lit.
tie trinket that costs but little, but
brings great returns Of Joy and glad.
ness.