Morning journal and courier., 1884-10-03

by the greater needs and the greater pros poets of the West. Railroads, ranches and farms have diverted attention from commer c1al marine, and Captain Pim looks for an early reaction, which shall bring about a large increase in the amount of American tonnage Upon two points he speaks with great emphasis, denouncing the present
 method of naval construction, which makes
 steamship like floating gas pipe, with 8
 length ten times her beam, and making an earnest plea for all improved class of seamen drawn from among the citizens of the coun- try under whose flag the ship sails
 The institution of the Orphans court in
 the city of Philadelphia has been the cause
 of taking vast volume of business out of the hands of the lawyers. AS an Illustration
 this court in nine years disposed of property
 valued at s55O, ,227, ,254 9s, exclusive of real
 estate. Compared with the old system of settling estates, this represents a saving of
 two million and quarter dollars to heirs and others While it has also hastened the settlement of estates and prevented extrava- gance on the part of executors, administra-
 tors and others, it has cut into the receipts of the lawyers to & woful extent, Besides the money it saved to orphans it has turned into the city treasury the sum of $16O, 900. It is now possible to settle an estate in that city valued at $1 ,00O, 900 for s23 50 besides counsel fees, whereas the old system used to
 cost s1, ,000. All this work has been done by
 the three judges of the Orphans court.
 Vassar college has graduated 596 students
 in the regular course. Since the year 1867
 twentyseyen of these have died, and 1s8
 married. The college has given the second
 degree in arts to twenty-one of it's students
 on the completion of postgraduate courses.
 One received the second degree from Cornell
 one the degree of IL. B. from Michigan
 university; has held Fellowship at John Hopkins. Fifteen of the alumne are
 practicing physicians; three have filled pro fessorships at Wellesley, Pennsylvania and Buchtel colleges. The list of occupations further includes two organists, three book keepers, two instructors in chemical labora- tories, thirteen principals of schools, one clerk in the census bureau at Washington, two farmers, one insurance agent, two hun dred and four teachers, three artists, one clerk in law office, four librarians, one copyist, ten music teachers, two assistants in observatories, two journalists, three teachers of gymnastics, one missionary, two chem ists, two public readers, three authors and one assistant State superintendent of public instruction.
 The Hungarian exile Freund, known in Turkey as Mahmoud Pasha, with the militia " rank of Muchir, who has been restored to his title and dignities by the Sultan, was de- graded in 1S76 Freund was sent during that year to Scutari in Albania, to revictual Medun, which was then blockaded by the Montenegrins. The new general in command made fresh attempt, marching out of Pod goritza on the morning of Aug. IA at the head of fifteen battalions. His troops were attacked as they debouched from a mountain pass by five Montenegrin battalions, and they took to their heels The rout was complete one, and the Turks left 1000 dead on the field of battle, the Montenegrins giving no quarter The pursuit was carried on almost to the gates of Podgoritza, outside which Mahmoud Pasha had hastily established small battery and rallied a few of his men, The bloody defeat caused great consterna- ton at Constantinop1e; and as Mahmoud Pa sha was of foreign race and creed, he was made the victim, being recalled to Constanti- nople and cast into prison