, 1884-08-19

not the slightest result was obtained.
In the course of the tidal observation
made, the very interesting fact was dis
covered that the tides at Lady Franklin
bay came from the North, while those a
Melville bay and Cape Sabine came from
the South. The temperature of thi
north tide is % warmer than hat Of tn,
south tide at Sabine. Why this was so
Greedy would not venture to state. Aver
age rise of Spring tide at Lady Franklin
bay was found to be eight feet AT Cap
Sabine the highest tides rise was lively,
feet.
The surf was observed only twice dur
ing the two years. AT Lady franklin bay
the average temperature of the watel
was
TwENTY-NINE DEGREES ABOVE ZERO.
Wolves weighing ninety pounds were
killed around Fort Conger. There are
foxes and other animals there. Fish is a
wonderful scarcity. Perhaps the great
est surprise OF the expedition was taking
from Lake Alexander fresh water. The
lake is fifteen feet above the sea level. A
four-pound salmon from the bay or sea
and only two very small fish were taken
during the entire two years, and few were
found North of Cape Sabine.
The vegetation of Lady Franklin bay is
about the same as at Cape Sabine and
comprises MOSES, lichens, willows and
saxifrage.
Highest velocity OF wind was registered
during a terrific snow storm seventy miles
an hour and Lockwood's trips to the
North in 1882 were productive of the most
valuable results. Standing on the 10Th
of May in each year, where Dr. Hayes had
formerly stood at about the same time of
day, Lockwood, from an elevation of
1000 feet, using his strongest glass on
Halls basin and Robinson's channels,
could discover nothing but ice packs.
Here it was that DIR. Hayes claimed to
have seen his open Polar sea on the trip
of 1882.
Lockwood reached the highest latitude
ever attained, $50, 25' north. This was
about 500 miles directly
NoRTH OF LADY FRANKLIN Ray,
but together we travelled 100 miles ofopen
water, and broken packs frequently caus-
ed him to retrace his steps fifty miles.
Lockwood sounded the sea both years,
between Cape Bryant and Cape Brittania,
but could not touch bottom with 1856
fathoms of line. Near Khan a few years
before, about one hundred miles to the
west, got bottom at y fathoms. Lock
wood found at his farthest north about
the same vegetation as at Lady Franklin
bay, but no sign of a Polar current or open
Polar sea In 1883 he was stopped near
Cape Bryant, l25 miles from Lady
Franklin bay, by an open channel ex-
tending west to the coast of Grinnel Land.
The width of this channel varied from 200
yards to five miles, but on the north the
ice packs extended as far as could be seen
with the glass.
With his supply OF provisions, the fail
ure of which had caused his return the
year before, Lockwood was confident he
could have reached So north if this open
channel had not barred his way. No fos-
sill remains were discovered. The maps
of the regions he discovered are in pos
session Of Lieutenant Greely and are very
carefully made.
In February. 1883,
PREPARATIONS FOR RETREAT
were made by establishing a depot at Cape
Baird, twelve miles to the south. Au-
gust 9, 1888, the party embarked in a
little steam launch. Behind them they
left their dogs. as they could not be taken.
-Four barrels of pork and some seal oil
were left for the animals,
Lady Franklin bay was crossed 10 Cape
Baird, a distance of thirteen miles, and
the western coast ofGrinnel Land was fol-
lowed south as far as Cape Hawks They
were now within fifty miles of Cape Sa-
bine.
Striking from Cape Hawks direct
for Bates island, the party was
caught in the ice pack and frozen
in ten miles south of Cape
Hawks. In thirteen days they drifted
| south twenty-five miles on the aoes, suf-
fering horribly from the cold. So they
drifted to within eleven miles Of Cape
Sabine and were obliged Ia abandon the
steam launch September 10. The pack
now remained motionless for three days
and several times the party got within
two or three miles of Cape Sabine. only
to be drifted back by the southwest gales.
Five seals were killed and eaten while the
party were drifting about. Eventually
a heavy northwest gale drove them by
Cape Sabine within a mile of Brevort
island. but they could not land.
September % there arose the most ter
rife gale they had yet seen on the Arctic
ocean. Their ice foe was driven hither
and thither by the TEMPEST, and
THE WAVES WASHED OVER THEM
again and again, the spray freezing n
them and causing them intense suffer
ing.
After a thrilling experience they gained
land at Esquimaux point, near Baird
inlet, September %. Here Winter quar-
tiers were built and scouts were sent to
Cape Isabella and Cape Sabine. In a few
days they returned. Their report sent a
thrill Of horror to every heart. At Cape
Isabella and Cape Sabine were found only
1880 r%ations, and from Darlington.
records they learned the fate Of
the Proteus. Every one knew
that death must come to nearly al
of the party before a ship of rescue could
force its way into Melville bay. Efforts
were made to sustain their spirits by lee
t,,rna and linht rnndinn Qrtnhnr Z III.