The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1884-07-16
Artificial Arrangements for Fuz-
~ Lille Orphans

In a broad, ~,re-covered box. with a
bottom of fineprth, in a basement win
dow in LibcrtJtreet. is a brood Of Ii.
tie chickens, %fparently two or three
days old. Iflr bodies are covered
with yellow all black feathers as fine
as fur. They I'm about in the most
lively manuel peeping aud chirpinp
constantly. sme pick at tie earth
and others dirk water at a narrow lit
tie trough. htiing up their heads to
allow the war to filter down their
necks, bl!nkig meantime comically.
Three small tys shouted with delight
when two 0 the chicks faced each
other, with btks extended and wings
out. Tuey icked v~iciously twice at
each other, I'D then both ran away
with prolongs peeping.
They are rphans," said a pleasant
old gentlema III the basement. They
we're hatcae III an incubator yester-
day"
On one sic of the room were a num-
Der Of ~incubsors. They looked a little
like an ice dst, with glass panels in
doors that sung down by hinges on
the lower sG. The frame was about
= by y iee large and 1 feet high over
all. AT oniend was a black tin verti-
cal cylinderour inches in diameter and
a foot high. Pipes ran from the top of
the cylinde through the top of the
frame and hex again under the bottom
to inc cylintr. In the frame between
the two serb OF pipes were a number
OF shallow rays, with wire cloth bot
toms, filledEith eggs placed ON end.
A kersene Imp SEN its heated air into
the cylinder a bit Of clockwork could
be seen in ssmall glass case on top of
the frame.
The Lamp heats the water that fills
tubes you Sc there" the old man ex-
planned, no the water circulates
around the eggs and back under
meath to tn cylinder as it cools. That
keeps the egs warm"
What 5 the temperature that
matches the:h.ckens -
From II degrees during the first
ten days ttl03 degrees OF 1914 degrees
for the remining ten. That automatic
arrangement keeps the va. iation within
one degree'
Then a you have to do is put in the
eggs ana lint the lamp
No. AJer three days the eggs must
be turned ger twice a day. The little
shallow pas underneath the trays must
be kept ful of water, so that the air will
be moist. On the fourth day the eggs
must be CANNED in a tester, and all
hat renal clear must be removed, be-
cause they will not produce chickens,
aud can We be use for cooking. Then
they mustall be examined later on to
remove an that have died. Still, halt
an hour ally will keep everything in
order untilthe nineteenth day, when the
chicks will begin to pick and peep in
their etforH to get out"
Then pu have to help them break
the shells
We dot have to do anything of the
kind. It. a widespread notion that the
mother hen has to help her chicks out of
the shells, but she doesn't. After several
hours of Intermittent picking the chick
makes a snail hole through the shell.
Then he rsts like a man on the water
after a log dive. Then he breaks a line
around to.he right ard then to the left,
resting at intervals. Finally, a vigorous
plunge lberates him. He is wet and
homely TIM
The artificial mother is a shallow box
with a Perforated metal bottom partly
covered With earth, and two warm water
pipes that kept the temperature at 9e
degree atirst and lower later on. Piece.
of flannel lnng over the pipes and down
near to he bottom of the box. The
chicks gaher under the flannel as they
would unter a hens wings. a long row
of little wol.y yellow and black heads,
with bright, round eyes, projecting frou
under a strip of read flannel is an inter
esting spectacle.
Are chickens Matched by machine a.
vigorous Is those Matched naturally:'
More so Incubators are unsentimenta
but they are business. They will hatcf
% per cent, more eggs than hens. Thu
chicks are never afflicted with vermin
They ge; the right care after they ar,
Matched. They grow more rapidly, an
become healthier fowls every way
Al a cock fight, back the, bird from tn,
orphan asylum against the home-raise
fowl every time. Another advantage
Of the Incubator is that spring chicken
can be produced at the season whel
prices are highest To a mar adapte
to the business. chickens raising Is
profitable employment, requiring only
small capital"
"How much capital"
a medium-siZe incubator, holdin
from 100 to 1000 eggs costs from SIS
to $lSa. One holding 1000 eggs cost
$4,000. Much larger ones are made t
order. More than one man has made
success with less han $500 to start on
But many men with large capital fail be
cause they either know too much or the
do not give the business the proper a
tGntion.'
How long have hatchers been il
usc:'
From 5000 to 5000 years. Hero'
otus tells about cellars in Egypt whel
eggs were placed beneath furnaces so
to apply the heat from above. The
were Railways through which the attel
Iants passed to turn the eggs. The
had noticed that a hen would turn Il
eggs several times in a day when sittIr
on her nest. The Egyptians follow Il
old system now. They get 17.0o0,0(
chicks a year out of %, 900 ege
placed in their incubatQrs. The be
American machines hatch out more tina
so per cent. of the eggs.
; THE UNDEMOCRATIC UNIT RULE IT