davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20

! IN the stomlis! and feeble tic n
4 ALLsPTcE (Mystus Pimintd. Allspice
1 which is common article in almost
every family, is the berries of small
| tree that grows in Mexico, Jamaica and
other parts of the West Indies, and in
South America. The tree is an ever
green and grows to the height of twenty
or thirty feet. Most of the allspice in
this country comes from the island of
Jamaica. The berries are gathered a
little while before they are ripe, carfully
dried, and then boxed or put into bags
ready to be sent off. The piminta berries
were supposed to combine the flavor Of
cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves, hence the
name of allspice.
Medicinal Properties and USes.-It has
warm and quite agreeable flavor, and
is astringent and aromatic, as well as
slightly stimulant AS a medicine it is
used mostly in cases of diarrh9a and
summer complaint. For such purposes
it may be given freely in the form of
tea or syrup. 1t forms part of valua-
BILE compound, used with great success
in many parts of the country as safe
domestic remedy for bowel or summer
complaints, which is made as follows:
Allspice, ounce cinnamon bark, ounce /;
clover, ounce white oak bark, ounce.
Bruise all and simmer slowly in p pints
of water down to q pint; strain; then
add four ounces of white sugar. Bring
it to the boiling point again to melt the
sugar, and then add twice as much goodt
brandy as there is of th9syrup, and it is
ready for use. Dose: From teaspoon
full to two teaspoonfuls, according to the
age Of the patient, and repeat the dose
from three to six times day, according
to symptoms.
ANIsE SEED (PimpinellG Anisum. y
The seed of the common garden aniSe.
This plant is cultivated in all our gardens
for medicine purposes, and is too COM
mon to need further description.
Medicinal Properties and Uses.-The
seeds are useful in dyspepsia, and very
much used for the diseases of children
and infants. For flatulence or wind
gripping and collie pains, etc., an infusion
in tea made of the seed may be given.
For dyspepsia the oil dropped on sugar
is preferablec Anise has fine aroma
tic smell, and a warm, agreeable, sweetish
taste. The essence of anise, which is
made by adding the oil to alcohol in the
proportion of one part of the oil to eight
parts of alcohol, is often used to flavor,
or render more pleasant other medicines
and compounds. Dose; OF the oil from
two to ten drops; essence, one to two
teaspoonfuls. A tea or infusion of the
seeds, which is generally used for
children, may be given in doses from a
tea to tablespoonful or more, and re-
peated at pleasure.
ARROW RooT (Maran ArGndincea.)
Arrow root is an article found in the
drug stores in the form of starch indeed
it is starch made from the root of this
plant, which grows in the West Indies.
It is used as light, nutritious diet for
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20
What Tree Bears Fruit Without
Rlnnm.

The above is one of several rather alb
surd questions propounded in an article
on Technical Schools which appeared
recently in the Atlanta Constitution.
The writer by these questions, calls at
tention to his own acutenessi of obserya-
tion and the obtuseness of the world in
general.
If asked for an answer to the
above question, would say no tree can
fruit without blooming-it would be con-
trary to a fundament law of nature-but
the writer is probably one of the many
who think that figs are produced with
out bloom. The young fig is hollow
receptacle" bearing, on its inner sur
face, a multitude of fminuteflowers. There
are staminate and pistillate flowers, the
latter are fertilized by the former, then,
the receptacle grows and ripens as the
seeds nature, the inner cavity disappear
ing.
The fig belongs to the same order with
the mulberry, the Usage orange, etc.
This, at first thought, seems a very
artificial grouping of trees which appear
very dissimilar. There is, however, a
very close relationship manifested in all
essential paints. In Ficus Gig, Banyan,
etc., the flowers open inward, the male
and female flowers occupying opposite
ends of common receptacle. In
Morus (Mulberry), Maclura Dosage
orange) and Broussonetia (paper mulber-
ry) the flowers open outward, the male
and female being borne on distant re-
ceptacles and on different trees. The
link needed to connect these dissimilar
forms is found in the exotic genus
Dorstenia, in which the flowers (of both
sexes) borne on saucer shaped recep-
tacle.
| Flowers are essential to the fruiting
and reproduction of any tree or herb.
By them thelordinal and generic relation
ship of plants is determined and hence
they are OF prime Importance in scientific
study. In determining species of
genus, however they are of minor inn
portance, and on the whole, the leaf is
the organ which most engages the botan-
lists attention. 1t is popular delusion
that botany is little more than the study
of flowers. In the practical study Of the
science, seed vessels are more regarded,
and in point of beauty not one plant in
three bears flowers of any interest.
This fallacy is good illustration of the
popular fault which the writer quoted
from seeks to correct.-A. II. Cmtiss, IN
The Florida Dispatch.
Young turkeys do best on a sunny
knoll. They require good shelter from
cold rains and heavy dews.
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20

form a,s Ire Of the oES4y, and null
tiplieS e. ea.-2 'byos IN this envelope in a
singular manner, such as the durasatiuua
fatiferum, the c0r7sicatlatsGn the digitdtns,
and the orange that | have obtained
with lemon border.
The durdptSum f8tiferqtDe presents a
super-fetation, an imperfect develop
ment Of many GERMS enclosed one with
in another, or united under the envelope
of an exterior germ. These germs-did
they exist in this ovary, or have they
been formed there by the pollen which
has fertilized it? This is the problem
switch remains to be solved.
On the one hand [ observe that these
monstrous developments have place,
very often, in flowers of which the fer
tilization has been forced by supera-
bundance and mixture OF pollen. On the
other see that this phenomenon is very
frequent in the monstrous races, such as
plants with double flowers, and appears
to show notifications in the germ anala-
gous to those which produce the change
of sexual parts into petals.
These two observations may be the
base of two conjectures, which 1t will
not be impossible to reconcile but my
sixth experiment would appear to show
results having a wider base, and in con-
tradistinction to the received system. In
this experiment Spoken of in an early
part of this work. | have obtained a
change in the nature of the ovary OF an
orange flower by means of the forced
and multiplied action of the pollen OF
lemon This result seemed to indicate
that the masculine element did some
thing more than giving motion to the
embryo, and the vitality necessary to it's
development. 1t would teach also that
these principles acted together by their
mingling or combination in forming the
fruit which resulted from the expert
ment in question. dare not enter upon
the discussion of this delicate problem.
/ limit myself for the present to an ac-
count of observations made by myself
in this matter, and | desire that physi-
ologists better qualified would examine
them, following the experiments which
l have but begun, with the patience,
care, and exactness that they seem to
demand.
ART. VI.-Of the Agrumi of Iadia-
Observations upon these PlGntS-Iheir
description and synonyms.
The description which we are about to
write is doubtless sufficient for cultiva-
tors, but will be considered imperfect for
botanists.
The Citrus of Europe is, perhaps, the
single isolated genus of which all the
species are known to us but, for some
time, it has been confounded with anal
ogous genera belonging, without doubt,
to the same family with ours, yet, in my
opinion, forming special branches of it;
it is therefore necessary to take cogni-
zance of all those individuals.
India produces great number of
plants bearing close analogy to our Ag-
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20
CHAPTER III.
ART V-Of Monstrous Fruits.

ART. V.-Of Monstrous Fruits.
No genus of plants is so much disposed
to Weld monsters as the Citrus. These are
of two kinds, monstrous races and mon
strous fruits.
We have seen that monstrous races
are due only to an extraordinary fertll1-
zation modifying within the ovary the
germs that give them birth.
We have observed that the monstrous
fruits appeared also to be produced by
the action of forced fertilization, which
caused a modification in the forms
of the ovary.
The first fact appears carried to the
last point of evidence. 1t establishes
the influence of the pollen upon the or
ganization of germs, without, however,
DESTROYING the pre-existence OF these en-
bryos in the ovary.
The second fact is not so well estab-
lished, but the consequences OF 1t are
much more important. So that whoever
succeeds in confirming it by exact and
repeated experiments will have fixed
principle of vegetable physiology now
uncertain and which has been judged
until the present time, by system OF
analogy, with the animal kingdom. He
will have determined the measure OF
cooperation which the male principle
has in reproduction.
The fact of monstrOus races can be
reconciled with the pre-existence OF the
germ in the ovary for this germ, recely-
ing but by the agency OF the tertlllzIng
part, may, by this operation. besaltered
in the principle Of it's organization, and
give but vegetable mules.
But the fact Of monstrous fruits would
appear to destroy the theory Of this pre-
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20

unless given il ery much smaller doses.
1t should neve be given in overdoses.
AGRIMoNy lqrips0niG Eupatorid)- ~
Called also SMckwart, and sometimes
Cocklebur<-thdlIgh it is not what is
known everywhere as the common pes
tiferous CockleEur. 1t is native of
both Europe aIH America. 1t is an herb
growing frumso msoke to two feet high, with
rough, ragged,b and somewhat hairy
leaves. The blossoms are yellow, and
are found on along spike or stem at the
top, which areAEollowed by small brist-
ling burs that ake apt to stick to clothes
when brought ih contact with them, and
are often seen iii great quantities stick
ing to the wool bf sheep.
Medicinal Properties and Uses.-Both
the root and the leaves are used, but
most generally The leaves only. 1t is a
mild and safe lastringent and somewhat
tonic, and is used in the form of a tea or
decoction in bowel complaints, fever,
and in the form of bitters, combined
with other bitter tonics, in general de-
'bility. 1t is also recommended by some
as good REMEDY in scrofula, gravel,
scurvy and ialindice. Dose: May be
used freely in Infusion, decoction, or as
bitters.
ALEs (4l6e FgrfoIidto-Aloe Spicdta.)
This beautiful and valuable plant or
shrub is a native of South America,
where it grows in great abundance and
flowers most part of the year. From
good authority we learn that about fifty
miles from the Cape of Good Hope the
aloe grows in great abundance, large
tracts of land being almost entirely COW
cree with it, which renders planting
unnecessary It is cultivated also in the
island of Barbados and Socetra, as well
as some others. The best sold in this
country are the Socatrine Aloes. The
article used as medicine usually called
aloes is made from the juice of the plant
which runs when cut.
Medicinal Properties and Uses.-Aloes
is more used, perhaps, than any other
one article Of medicine, and is combined
more or less with nearly every patent
medicine in the country. 1t is stimu-
lating cathartic or purgative medicine,
acting chiefly upon the lower and large
intestines, and promotes their peristaltic
action, and by that means causes the
expulsion Of any accumulation in them.
With its other powers it has the prop
erty of stimulating the stomach. 1t is,
therefore, in small doses an excellent
remedy in habitual costiveness, or when
the bowels are bound up and attended
with arrangement OF the digestive
organs. The medium dose of aloes is
ten grains, but as a laxative or gentle
purge it will often operate in the guam
tity Of. two or three grains; and when
an active impression is required the dose
is increased to twenty grains. 1t is best
administered in the shape Of pills. A
good pill to keep the bowels gently open
is equal quantities of aloes and rhubarb,
little CASTLE soap and few drops OF
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20
Herbs and Their Uses.

MATERIA MEDICA FOR THE PEOPLE,
Believing that many valuable lives are
annually destroyed by pernicious drug
ping with minerals, chemicals, and other
poisonous compounds. we deem it our
duty to give the people materia med
lea which can be used by every parent
or adult person without danger, and
which will most assuredly produce the
most desirablef results, as the plants and
herbs of the feld seem to have been
planted by an EAll-Wise Power for the
uses of man:
AcoN1rE, (dcoaituna Napellus)- VOLTS
Bane, Monk s Hood. This is a narcotic
poison, but, like many other narcotic
Vegetables, may often be employed to
advantage as medicine, if used with care
and in a proper manner. 1t is an herb
or plant, native to most parts of Europe,
and is cultivated to some extent, as an
ornament, in the gardens of this country.
1t grows to the height of four or five feet,
bearing long stem or spike of deep blue
and very beautiful flowers, which appear
in May and June. The root is said to be
the most powerful part, but the leaves
are also used.
Medicinal Prbperties and ses.-Aco-
mite is mostly used IN the form OF tine
ture, made by adding one ounce OF the
root or herb to six ounces of alcohol, and
letting it digestion two weeks, though it
is also used in substance and in the form
of an alcoholic extract. twill probably
never be necessary to prepare the article
for use; for, should you ever have occa-
sion to use it yfu can always get it at a
drug store, espebially the tincture, which
is the only forbb in which you would be
likely to uselSt. 1t is by many con-
sidered a valuS pie remedy in fever and
inflammation a high grade, in nervous
sand neuralgia Efections, and in infam.
matory rhetn5%tism and gout It is
probably nogf Beneficial in cases of In
fIammatory aH high levers than in any
other complaints. Dose To a grown
person, from x to ten drops Of the
! t;spt " III fouF times day in
< - d not be gstntlnnes &c /,
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20
The Scale Hunter.

A very useful insect has made its APP
pearanee in our orange groves whose
habits should be studied with view to
encouraging its increase. When grown
it is about the fifth of an inch in length,
resembles a fly, is white and black, gre
garious, living, in colonies and its use to
the orange grower is it's singular skill
and persistency in cleaning orange trees
Of scale upon which account it has been
named the scale hunter A cluster of
them, fifty to hundred in number,
move regularly over every part Of the
tree removing all the scale When the
~. 4. ..n.l,n elad for n1ln tree tlSf.N
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20

rumi chiefly in respect to the form and
acidity of their fruit. Their character
istics vary to infnity, extending gradu-
ally to species which belong, without
doubt to very different genera. Yet the
likeness which they have preserved to
our agrumi, appears to have formed,
chiefly among the natives, point OF
comparison, and they have added, nearly
everywhere, to their particular and dis
tinctive names the generic names of
lemon or naregan1. Thus they call at
Amboyna Zone of the Molluccas) the
balacus tdurinus of Rumphius, lemon
g@la; as at Malabar, one knows under
the names of isjeroa- a-kotou-ndregana, of ka-
tou-nareqranl, and of mdI-naregdDe, three
plants called by Europeans limlon, and
classed by Linn@us in the genus limonia.
All these species, however, form genera
approaching our European species, and
which might, perhaps, be united in the
same family under the common name of
Agrumi.
In general they resemble ours in the
activity of uninterrupted vegetation,
which shows at all times flowers and
fruit in the midst of foliage always green !;
in sharp aroma spread over all the
parts of the plant; in the whiteness of
the flower, which is odorous, and in the
nature OF the fruit, which is always a
round berry "a berry among botanists is
ga succulent, pulpy pericarp, containing
naked seeds. The orange and lemon are
berries with thick coat" Lincoln's S
Bot.) having yellowish, aromatic skin,
and containing a certain number of sec
tions, and a juice sometimes sweet,
sometimes bitter, and nearly always acid
ulated. But these plants usually grow
only to the size of shrubs ;.their branch
es are crooked, knotty, and often mutila-
ted; their leaves are frequently divided
into two by the wings Of the petiole, and
are, at times, discolored; their thorns,
sometimes double, often lacking, are
frequently longer on the old branches
than on the young, and arrange them
selves, nearly always, in some peculiar
/ way. Their flowers, now OF four, now
kof five metals are sometimes axillaES
I e ztkAitk1zzE- pIf0N1a r. $
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20

sSts, Ike our or
tange blossoms, they show themselves in
punches like the olive. We know very
little of their fructfying parts. Rum
phius rarely describes them. The fruit
is berry, but this berry is now round,
now oblong, at times angulate; it is
often covered by tubercles of a fixed
form, and disposed with certain regu-
larity Its color, though at times green,
usually resemble that Of the lemon or
orange; and it's pulp, enclosed in nu-
merous sections, is now sweet and vim
ous-now disagreeable and glutinous.
Finally, their traits, taken as whole,
announce decidedly that they do not be-
long, for the most part, to the genus
Citrus.
There are among them, doubtless,
several not far removed from, and hav-
ing traits of, our hybrids, but there are
many also presenting traits which place
them nearer to some species of crGteUd,
to the limonia, and other plants of In
dia.
One may see in the Citrus tritolidta, in
the Iim0n angulGtus, and in the liDaoneL-
I,s naGndatrensis, much to connect them
with the biIdcus tbGurinaS of Rumphius,
which, from it's likeness to the lemon, is
called at Amboyna lemon g@la.
These appear to be links by which
nature passes gradually from one genus
to another, and forming what great
botanist has aptly called families par
enchdine0lent.
We have not thought it possible to dis
pense with giving an idea of all these
species. Beginning with those which
seem to belong to our agrumi, and
which might be varieties Of them, we
pass on to those decidedly removed
by their traits, and shall finally say
word concerning species which touch
them in analogous genera. We will des-
ignate them by the general name of ag-
Tumi.
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20

\ mn haaeaas,a -. n Q. y <. u CifeS
absolute facts every one may see in. Mr..
Ballough's s grove upon Ridgewood where
we have observed them thoroughly.
Halifdr Joatrndl
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20
TcoPYRIGHTED.l
A Treatise on the Citrus Family
RY N. GEORGE eALLEsIe

Translated from the French. expressly for The
Florida Agricuitotrist.
The Florida agriculturist., 1884-08-20

Young turkeys do best on sunny
knoll. They require good shelter from
cold rains and heavy dews.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1884-02-14

partment of Kansas met Feb. 9th, in
Lincoln Post Relief Corps Headquarters,
A temporary organization was effected
as follows:
President, Mrs. Frost, Of Topeka.
Secretary. Miss Allie Myers, of Olathe.
Guard, Miss Dora Jackson, of ElDor-
ado.
Conductor, Miss NJ. L. Hastings of juno
ton City.
Chaplain, Mrs. Germany, of Fort Scott.
Senior Vice, Mrs. Homer Pond, of Fort
Scott.
Junior Vice, Flora T. Wise.
When the Committee on Credentials
had reported a permanent organization
was effected by the election Of the follow
ing officers:
President. Mrs. L. II. Brown, of Olathe.
Senior Vice, Mrs. Murdoch, of To
peka.
Junior Vice, Mrs. Henry, of Fort Scott.
Secretary, Miss Allie Myers, of Olathe.
Treasurer, Mrs. Wade, of Topeka.
Inspector, Mrs. Frost, of Topeka.
Phillipsburg herald. [volume] (Phillipsburg, Kan.) 1882-1905, 1884-02-14
! REa1ARKABLE sURGIoAL CASE.
How a Man with His JuguIar Vein Cut Had
His Life Saved by q Mountain Doctor.

How a Man with His JuguIar Vein Cut Had
His Life Saved by Mountain Doctor.
Louisville Commercial.
81 see said an old stormed-tossed and
weather beaten tramp in a Jefferson
street saloon Yesterday afternoon, as he
laid down The Commercial, that story
is going the rounds about Polish Jew
having his throat cut one time from ear
to ear and then being hung up by an an
cry mob and left to die, but 1T seems he
didn't die, for he is now liYingin Buffalo.
The story goes on to say that the wind
pipe was completely severed but that the
iugular vein escaped injury, and thus the
mans life was saved. The papers speak
of him as a physiological wonder who
puzzles the medical schools. Pshaw!
these fellows as have never heard OF any
remarkable occurrence make me sick. l
remember a wonderful case as came
under my personal observation when I
wuz 'travelin' in east Tennessee. l struck
one of them little mountain towns one
time when they wuz holding county
court. Every man had bottle of moon
shine, and they wuz all feelin' mighty
happy. Finally they got a leetle bit too
| hilarious, and fight sprung up betWixt
a great big duffer and leetle bit of a
why Teller. The big duffer could a eat
the leetle Teller up, clothes and all, but
the first thing he done was to pull one OF
! these old pot-metal knives and jab the
blade into the leetle feller's neck. It
went in right alongside the jugular, and
then it bent kinder around and under it.
! When the big fellow went to pull it out
! he ripped the leetle feller's iugular right
/ square in two, and you Oughter seed the
blood fly. 1t squirted about twenty-five
feet. AS the leetle Teller dropped, every
body in the crowd cried, ooh, hess goner:
his jugular veins cut and they expected
to see him croak inside of three seconds,
but there was of them mountain doctors
there, and to look at him you'd think he
didn't know a jugular vein from from
bone. Stand back said he, give me a
chance at him. and he elbOwed his way
through the crowd to where the leetle
fellow lay breathin' his last. He pulled
out of his pocket SOmethin' as hooked
like a crooked darnin' needle, and then
he fished around in the wound until he
caught hold of both ends of the jugular
vein and pulled 'em out. Then he tied
the ends tight with piece of thread to
keep the blood from squirtin' out until
an old Teller in the crowd whitfield down
pipe-stem to make it fit in the jugular
When it was shaved down small enough
the old doctor inserted the pipe-stem and
tied the ends of the vein around it. In
less than two minutes that little Teller
was on his feet and looking around for
the Teller that cut him."
"You mean to say he recovered?"
"COurse he did, and you'll find the
case recorded in the medical works
Only case of the kind ever heard of in
America"
"And the pipe-stem never bothered
him?"
''No, only it made him sick at the
stomach at first. The stem was a good
deal stronger than the kind he had been
used to handlin' and it made him feel a
leetle bit dizzy for few days"