The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1884-07-24

three and half million square miles-almost
equal in extent to the whole continent of
Europe It's profits are enjoyed to-day by fifty
six millions of American freemen, and nom
this enjoyment no monopoly Is cre&ted. Ac-
cording to Alexander Hamilton, when he dis
cussed the same subject In 1893, "the internal
competition which takes place does away with
everything like monopoly, and by degrees re-
drIces the prices of articles to the minimum OF
a reasonable profit on the capital employed.'
1t is impossible to point to single monopoly
in the United states that has been created or
fostered by the Industrial system which is up
held by the Republican party.
Compared with our foreign commerce IneSe
domestic exchanges are iuconce1vaDly great III
Misunderstanding merely as one instrument
day in all the other nations of the world COM
bined. These external exchanges are estimated
by the statistical bureau OF the Treasury De-
partment to be annually twenty times as great
IN amount as our foreign commerce. 1t is into
this vast field of home trade-at once the crea-
tion and the heritage of the American people
that foreign nations striving by every de-
vice to enter. 1t Is into this field that the oppo-
nents of our present revenue system would
freely admit the countries OF EurOpe-coun-
tries into whose internal trade we could not
reciprocally enter; countries to which we
should be surrendering every advantage OF
trade from which we should De gaming
nothing in return
EFFECT UPON THE MECHANIC AND THE LABoRER.
A policy of this kind would be disastrous to
the mechanics and workingmen of the United
states. Wages are unjustly reduced when an
industrious man is not able by his earnings to
live in comfort, educate his children and lay by
sufficient amount for the necessites OF age
quent upon throwing our home market open to
the world would deprive them OF the power TO
do this. 1t would prove great calamity to our
country It would produce conflict between
the poor and the rich. and in the sorrowful deg
relation of labor would plant the seeds OF pub
The Republican party has steadily aimed to
maintain Just relations between labor and capt.
Safeguarding with care the rights OF each; con-
fifct between the two has always led in the past
and will always lead in the future TO the injury
Of both, Labor is Indispensable to the creation
and profitable use of capital, and capital in
creases the efficiency and value OF labor. Who
ever arrays the one against the other Is an
which harmonizes the two on the basis of
absolute justice. The Republican party has
compensation is larger than is realized in any
other country. 1t has guarded our people
against the unfair contract labor from China
and may be called upon to prohib1t the CROWN
of a similar evil from Europe. 1t is obviously
unfair to permit capitalists to make contracts
for cheap labor in foreign countries to the hurt
and dsparagement of the labor of American
citizens Such policy (like that which would
leave the time and other conditions OF home
ployer) is injurious to all parties-not the least
so to the unhappy persons who are made tne
subjects of the contract The institutions OF
the United States rest upon the intelligence
and virtue of all the people. Suffrage is made
universal as just weapon of self-protectlon 10
every citizen. 1t is not the interest," OF tne re-
public that any economic system should be
adopted which involves the reduction OF wages
to the hard standard prevailing elsewhere.
The republican party aims to elevate and dig
nifty labOr-nOt to degrade IT,
AS a substitute for the industrial system,
which under Republican administrations, mas
developed such extraordinary prosperity, our
opponents offer policy which Is but o series OF
experiments upon our system OF revenues
policy whose end must be harm to our manu-
facturers and greater harm to our labor. Elk
pertinent in the industrial and financial sys-
tenn is the country's greatest dread, as staDinty
is it's greatest boon. Even the uncertainty
resulting from the recent tarlH agltatlon IN
Congress has hurtfully affected the business of
the entire country. Who can measure the harm
to our shops and our homes, to our farms ana
our commerce, if the uncertainty OF perpetual
tariff agitation is to be inflicted upon tne
country? We are i'll the midst OF an abundant
harvest; we on the eve of a revival OF gem
but the dread of change in the industrial sys-
tenn which has wrought such wonders In the
last twenty years and which with the power OF
increased capital will work still greater mar
wells OF prosperity in the twenty years 10 come.
OUR FOREIGN POLICY.
Our foreign relations favor our domestic DE-
velopment We are at peace with the world
at peace upon sound basis, with no unsettled
questions of sufficient magnitude to embarrass
or distract u.s. Happily removed by our geo.
graphical position from participation or inter-
est in those questions of dynasty or boundary
which frequently disturb the peace OF
Europe, we are left to cultivate friendly rela-
lions with all and are free from possible en-
tanglements in the quarrels OF any. The United
States has no cause and no desire to engage IN
rest in assured confidence that no power de-
sires to attack the United States.
With the nations of the Western hemisphere
we should cultivate closer relations, and for our
common prosperity and advancement we
sho uld invite them all to join with us In an
agreement that, for the future, all International
troubles in North or South America shall be
adjusted by impartial arbitration and not by
ar des pIps nj
should in my Judgment be renewed. It's ac-
compiishment on this continent would favor
Al feet nat 0tnC 10
thus powerfully contribute at no distant day to
the universal acceptance OF the philanthtopic
and Christian principle of arbitration. The
effect even of suggesting it for the Spanish
American States has been most happy and has
increased the confidence of those people in our
friendly disposition. 1t fell to my lot as Sec
rotary of State in June, 1881, to quiet apprehen-
sion in the Republic of Mexico, by giving the
assurance in an official dispatch that "there is
not the faintest desire in the United States for
territorial extension South of the Rio Grande.
The boundaries of the two republics have been
established in conformity with the best juris-
dictional interests OF both. The line OF demar-
cation is not merely conventional. 1t is more.
1t separates Spanish american people from
Saxon American people. 1t divides one great
nation from another with distinct and natural
finality.'
We seek the conouests of peace. We desire
to extend our commerce, and in an especial de-
gree with our friends and neighbors on this con-
tinent. We have not improved our relations
with Spanisn-America as wisely and as perss-
tently as might have done. For more than
a generation the sympathy of those countries
has been allowed to drift away from us. We
Should now make every effort to gain their
friendship. Our trade with them is already
large. During the last year our exchanges in
the western hemisphere amounted to three
hundred and fifty millions of dollars-nearly
One-fourth of our entire foreign commerce. 70
those who may be disposed to underrate the
value of our trade with the countries of North
and South America it may be well to state that
and that, in proportion to aggregate numbers,
we import nearly double as much from them as
do from Europe. But the result of the whole
American trade is in q high degree unsatlsfac-
tory. The imports during the past year ex-
ceeded two hundred and twenty-five millions,
while the exports were less than one hundred
and twenty-five millions-showing q balance
against us of more than one hundred millions
of dollars. But the money does not go to Span
ish America. We send large sums to Europe in
coin or its equivalent to pay European manu-
s ica ' hn for this
enormous amount annually to European fac
tors-an amount which is o serious draft, in
every fnancia depression, upon our resources
of specie.
Cannot this condition of trade in great part be
changed? Cannot the market for our products
in our effort to improve our trade relations with
Mexico. and we should not be content until sim
liar and mutually advantageous arrangements
have been successfully made with every nation
of North and South America. While the great
powers of Europe are steadily enlarging their
colonial domination i'll Asia and Africa, it is
the especial province of this country to i'm
prove and expand its trade with the nations OF
America. No field promises SO much. No field
has been cultivated SO little. Our foreign pol
icy should be an American policy in its broadcast
and most comprehensive Sense-a policy of
peace, of friendship, of commercial enlarge
lnent. 4ta-sss u w. --s..s. ss.f. .H. ltI
The name of American, which belongs to us
in our national capacity, must always exalt the
just pride of patriotism. Citizenship of the re-
public must be the panoply and safeguard of
him who wears it. The American citizen, rich
or poor, native or naturalized, white or colored
must everywhere walk secure in his person and
civil rights. The republic should never accept
q lesser duty it can never assume nobler one
than the protection of the humhest man who
owes it neutrality-suspicious. at home and pro-
lection which shall follow him abroad into
whatever land he may go upon lawful errand.
THE SOUTHERN STATES. e.rr
g. recognize, not wit hout regret, the necessity
for speaking of two sections of our common
country. But the regret dlminishes when see
that the elements which separated them are
fast disappearing. Predjudices have yielded
and are yielding, while growing cordtality
warns the Southern and the Northern heart
alike. Can any one doubt that between the
sections confidence and esteem are to-day
more marked than at any period in the sixty
coin? This is the result in part of time and in
part of Republican principles applied under
the favorable conditions of uniformity 1t
would be great calamity to change these in
fuenceS under which Southern Common
wealths are learning to vindcate civil rights
and adapting themselves to the conditions OF
political tranquility and industrial progress
II there be occasional and violent outbreaks in
the South against this peaceful progress, the
public opinion of the country regards them as
exceptional and hopefully trusts that each will