davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
AHr. sullivan on FisticuGs.
[Chicago Herald.
L. >. II

"Ibelieve, !" said Mr.. Sullivan, of Bos-
ton, "every chap should know how to put
up his props" (meaning, no doubt, his
maulers, or, in plain English, his fists.
at is a great deal straighter and bet
ter than drawing a gun" (meaning, it is
presumed, the using of pistol. In
short, Professor Sullivan plants himself
on the platform of the manly art of
self-defense with his fists. The opinion
of the distinguished professor is worthy
of consideration, and there is little
doubt that, on the whole, bloody noses,
the result of fistic encounters, are less
objectionable than bullet-perforated
corpses.
But there are great physical inequali-
ties between men. Even the profession
of which DIR. Sullivan is one of the
most conspicuous, indeed, the most
conspicuous exponent, divide mankind
into classes of weights, by which divis-
ion we get heavy weights and feather
weights, or men of larger bone and
stature, and others of slight develop
ment. Every man might know how to
put up his 'props," but the light
weight would employ them in vain
against the heavy weight. What then
is to be done to equalize the combat if
it is to be conducted on the Sullivan
plan only? The professor should give
this branch of the subject anxious
thought and stand prepared properly
to advise an anxious world.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
LEAD.PENCILS.
~HIaeH lead" Not Lead at AI-HOw PEN
ellis Are Made

Probably there is nothing so univer-
sally familiar In use, and also so utterly
unknown TO the users in its nature and
origin as the common lead-pencil, the
consumption Of it in this country alone
being estimated by the most competent
authority at seventy-eight millions per
year. Its very name, perpetuating the
old leaden plummet familiar among the
treasures of the BOYS first pocket, is a
misnomer and mistake, "black lead
having no more resemblance to lead
than chalk has to cheese. Most people
suppose the "lead is melted and poured
into the hole in the pencil wood, but it
is ground to an almost impalpable
powder, mixed to a paste with water,
made into long coil like wire by being
forced through a small hole Gust as
water issues from syTinge), Strengthened,
and cut In lengths and baked like pot
terry. The "hafdness" is due to an
admixture of clay. The pencil is made
In two halves by machinery at cheap
and rapid rate, and the processes, which
cannot be related here at length, are
among the most interesting In American
factures. The material called "black
lead" is as marvellous as India rubber,
although less protean. It is simply
carbon, and is an enigma and bundle
of inconsistencies. Its unlikeness to
lead is suggested BY saying that its
weight Is less than One-fourth that of
lead, and that while lead fuses at a low
temperature, graphite is not friable at
any temperature known; on the contrary,
no substance known surpasses it in re-
sisting heat Carbon In ordinary snthra-
cite burns; carbon in graphite, refuses to
A r.f I'll -
the top In q mass of burning anthracite
carbon in carbon-not only refuses to
burn, but melts its metallic contents.
The diamond, as is commonly known, is
nearly pure carbon; but so is graphite.
The latter is the softest substance dug
from the earth: the diamond is the hard
est substance known. Subject the dia-
mond to sufficient heat, and it parts with
a mysterious something, leaving bit of
soft and dissimilar carbon; but it has not
yet-unless we accept recent stories
been found possible to reverse the pro-
cess and add to the carbon that myster-
ious something. The purity of graphite
is extraordinary. It is sometimes refined
until less than one-tWentieth of one per
cent. of other matter than carbon is left
merely trace. The finest specimen
of gold ever found, probably, was one
from the UraI Mountaing, which was
1896 per cent fine, thus having ]. OF
per cent of foreign substance, against
0.20 per cent in the finest graphite; or,
stating it in another way, the finest gold
had more than Eve times, and the aver
age gold produced has twenty to fifty
times as much impuritN as the finest
graphite assuming that
the diamond Is perfectly pure carbon,
separates the rare, hard, translucent,
costly diamond from the common, exces-
sively soft, dull, comparatively valueless
graphite, scarcely one-half as heavy as
the gem; and yet the two are closely
alike and almost equal in their resistance
to fire. How these things are so is yet
among the secrets of natures laboratory.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
An Arrapahoe pumnIo Hnnt. y

As the distance between tho hunters
and the herd grows less, the bucks divesh
themselves of all their clothing save tho
breechclout, and the superhuous gar
ments are handed to their squaws for
safe keeping, together with the ponies
they have been riding, as theynowmount
the fresh animals their better-halves
bring up to them. The old buffalo bull
actlng as outmost guard, has heard a
sound he can not explain; he turns to
warn the unsuspecting herd of his not
altogether groundless fears, when the In
dams, like one man, give tho ponies their
head, and sweep down upon the grazing
herd. But not grazing nowl fox, as if by
magic, the whole herd becomes aware of
the danger, and, with heads low and tails
erect, they are bounding over the level
plain before them at q much faster rate
than their numbering bodies would lead
one to suppose possible, Tho Indians,
dashing up on the hanks Of the moving
column, pour in their deadly fire. Not
waiting to see the result, they urge their
ponies on, still firing (sometimes so near
that the barrel of the rifle rests on tha
buffalo) as fast as they can load, till their
ponies pause from exhaustion and tho
skeleton herd is beyond thereach Of their
weapons. While the pursuers and pur-
sued have been thus actively engaged
the squaws have not been idle, for, as the
hunt ceases, you find them with their
pack animals already ON tho field where
the dead buifaloes lie. Tho bucks, re-
turning, ride down along tho dead and
dying, and point out to their squaws those
they have slain, and when the squaw
has put their own individual mark upon
them, then she begins her part of the
hunt, which Is skinning, cutting up. aud
packing 1 have seen five hundred .buf-
faloes killed in the above manner. and /
never yet heard a dispute arise owing toa
buck having mistaken an animal he had
killed. 1t would seem as If the dead
carcases had ga tongue IN every wound
that cried, "Pass me not by; you killed
me- The squaws are natural butchers.
There is not miss-cut made IN remOv-
ing the robe, nor is one particle of the
animal left for the kiotes that can be in
any way utilized by these people From
tho sinews lying along the backbone
(from which the bow-strings are made) TO
to thehorny hoof (from which is isdissolved
a kindof gluten for the preparation Of tho
robes), nothing is wasted No wonder it
these eprovidentpeopleto tocOme
upon the carcases of hundreds Of thou
sands of buhaloes killed yearly by the
white hunters for the hides alone.- Vest
eT57 Letter.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
Uses OF Cork.

The hghtness of cork makes it superior
to all other substances for life preservers,
for insuring the buoyancy Of Ife-boats.
1t is also employed as buoys to float
nets, and in making waterproof shoes. It
has also been converted into and used as
gun wadding.
Cork, as is well known, is n non-con-
ductor of heat, and is porous. These
peculiarities have been taken advantage
of in the manufacture of watel coolers,
which are much used in Spain. They
are made of slabs of the wood, bent
round circular heads of the same, and
bound with hoops. The porosity Of the
cork allows the water to percolate slowly
to the surface, and there to cool in evapo-
rating, while its non-conducting nature
prevents the heat of the sun warming the
water within
About thirty years ago 90 ingenious
frenchman introduced mattresses and
cushions in which cork, reduced to dust
or shields, was a substitute for feathers,
hair or wool 1t might be used alone or
combined with the above-mentioned ma
terials. It was claimed that these would
make easy beds, smooth, light, and elias
tic, and especially well adapted for use
at sea, where, in cases Of emergency,
they might be available as life-preservers.
But it is evident that cork mattresses did
not become popular. A variety Of walk
ing sticks are manufactured from young
cork trees in Africa, and Spanish black,
superior pigment, is made of calcined
cork
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
EngIand's Sunday.

L am deeply sensible of the many ma
tlonal sins of my own country. We
have abundant cause for humiliation.
The strifes and divisions of Christians
the quantity of semi -Romanism and
skepGcism tolerated In our own ranks
the bitterness and unscrupuiousness
of political factions-the commercial
frauds among the middle classes-the
gambling and the luxury of the upper ten
thousand-the drunkenness of the lower
half milion-an these sins, I am well
aware, cry against US to heaven. But
still, after all, in fallen world like
this, things must be measured by COM
parison. It would be ungrateful if we
did not thank God for what we have.
Where in the world will you find so
much preaching of real gospel-so
much circulation of the Bible and sound
religious iterature-so much money
and labor bestowed on efforts to do good
so much care for life and property
so much thought for the sick and the
poor and the af1icted-so much liberty,
and yet so much obedience to law
SO much outward morality-so much
family purity-where, I ask any one
looking at the map of the globe, where
will you find so much as in our own
country? No doubt there, are plenty
of abuses and defects among US. I
neither deny, extenuate nor palliate
them. But at any rate we have moth
ing to compare with the Nihilism of
Russia, the Socialism of Germany: the
restless, revolutionary spirit and Com
munism of France, the brigandage and
assassination of Italy, or the lazy, ig-
norant superstition and Sunday bull
fights of Spain.
And why is it? How is it that hu-
man nature in our little island is under
so much restraint, and develops a less
amount of corruption than human ma
ture IN other lands I answer boldly |
that one great cause of the difference |
is our English Sunday Look at Sun
day in London, with its 4,000,000 of in
habitants. See how the immense ma
jority of shops through miles and miles |
and miles of streets are shut up and |
business suspended. See how postofice, |
and banks, and exchanges, and law |
courts, ard theaters, and museums, and |
picture galleries are all closed. See
what hun dreds of churches and chapels !
and Sun iay-schools are opened, and |
what myriads of people attend them in |
spite of the attractions of river and rail, |
and then turn to any great continental
metropolis-to Paris, Madrid, Naples,
Vienna, Eierlin-and mark how Sunday
is observed in them. Mark the extent
to which Gods holy day is given up to
military reviews, to races, to bull-fghts,
to theate;;-going, to dancing, to con-
certs, to Ileasure-seeking of every sort.
to everything, In short, excepting God,
Mark all these things, and learn one
grand reason why the standard of re-
Hgiorl is so much higher IN our own
country, with all its sins, than 1t is else
where. There is an inseparable con-
nection between the observance of the
Lords daE and the prosperity of true
Voltaire was quite right when
he said that he could never succeed in
destroying Christianity unless he de-
stroyed Sunday. 1t is the English Sun
day which makes England what it is
London setter,
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
Fdwnrh Rrnrntt

The late DR. Chaplin was once asked
what he lectured for. Fame" he re-
piled, 1850 and my expenses" Those
we're in the days when lectures were be-
coming popular. Since then Mr.. Beoch-
er and Mr.. Cough have been paid from
$500 to $500 for a single lecture. A cor
respondent of the Cincinnati Gazette.
gossiping about the pecuniary success
Of Edward Everett's lectures, says
Everett was hardly lecturer in the
ordinary sense of the term, and vet his
address on the character of Washington.
delivered in behalf of the Mount Vernon
Association, was Of this nature.
The amount cleared by the various de-
hyeries of this address averaged e4O0
for each occasion, and it was repeated
130 times. In fact, Everett's oratory
has done more for charity than that Of
any other speaker on record.
Including the Mount Vernon effort,
the aggregate Is nearly 100000. may
add, as a special feature, that his address
on the early days Of Franklin, which
was repeated five times, yielded 81, 600
for charitable objects.
Another address which was repeated
fifteen times brought S13, 800 for similar
purposes. The eulogy on Thomas
OOMbc, ucA4feIbQ JWAco III DeAl1lI OF Two
institutions, brought 81, 800.
Everett was the most accomplished
nan of his age, being at home in states
manship, literature, oratory and tho
highest walks of learning.
His versatility was such that it de-
served the expression which johnson
applied to Goldsmith, that there was
nothing in literature that he did not
touch, and nothing that he touched that
he did not adorn.
Everett's memory was really wonder
full. AS a preacher he frequently men,
orized the hymns to be used of Sab
bath, because it aided in reading them
to the congregation.
He committed to memory almost
everything that came under his attention
for many years in other words, what
entered the eye was fixed upon the
brain.
To this is to be added rare personal
beauty, statuesque dignity, and charm
ing power of oratory. How surprising
that this admirable concentration q
gifts never inflated their possessor, who
was through life so marked by simplicity
q. character
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
Smotheren in Their Rods.

A Geneva correspondent of the London
Times writes: A strange occurrence
happened few days ago at st. Oierge.
a village in Jura. Tho principal room
of an auberge there, known as the Cert,
was lighted by a hanging petroleum
lamp, above which had been placed, for
the protection of the ceiling, a metal
plate. In course of time the woodwork
above the plate became desiccated, and
one evening last week it took fire. and
when the inn-keeper and his family re-
tired to rest, was aglow-a fact, however,
which they do not seem to have noticed
From the ceiling the fire was communi-
Gated to the room above, and was first
discovered by q neighbor, who, carly
next morning, observed smoke issuing
from the auberge door, gave an alarm,
when, as none of the inmates could be
reused, the door was broken open. The
fire, having gone on smoldering without
bursting into flame, had done little
material damage, and was easily extin-
guished; but all the people in the house
the aubergiste, his wife, and sister
were dead After the manner Of country
people, who have often horrar of fresh
air, they had firmly closed thu windows
before going to bed, and the smoke.
having no exit, had asphyxiated every
one of them.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
Faith in Grape and Canister
M. Quad in Detroit Free Pressl

NJ. Quad IN Detroit free treSSJ
Bring up the gunsl"
Let the order be heard by a regiment
of infantry crowding to the rear in
panic, and it will halt the men in their
tracks and make fighters of them again.
There is something in the companion
ship of a field battery that makes foot
soldier drawer than when his regiment
fights alone The guns may be
wasting ammunition as they roar
and crash, but it seems to
the regiments on flank or in rear that
every discharge is driving great gaps
through the enemy's line. So long as
the battery remains the supports Will
remain. Even when the order is given
to double-shot the guns, and the in
fantry can see that half the horses have
been shot down, he still carries the
feeling that grape and canister will win
the victory. The loss If horses, wagons
and small arms is lightly mentioned in
official reports and the losers feel no
degradation; but let n brigade lose a
single gun from one of its batteries and
every soldier feels the shame. 1t is next
to losing the flag presented to the regi-
ment as it marched from home.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
PRODUCE EXCHANGE CLOCK.
One OF the Largest TimepIeces on
the Continent of America.

One Of the Largest Timepieces on
the Continent of America.
The New York Telegram says that
the clock which is intended for the
tower Of the produce exchange build-
ing and is nearing completion, is re-
garded as one OF the most remarkable
timepieces in this country The
machinery is mounted on pillars of fine
steel, set in a framework of cast iron.
Instead of the old 'dead-beat" escape
ment, far more nicely adjusted com
bination of machinery is employed. 1t
1t is the new gravity escapement. The
pendulum is thorough in ncompensation,
being constructed of nine parts, four of
brass and FIVE of steel 1t is a two
second pendulum, taking two seconds
for its swing or beat.
At the lower end OF the pendulum is
suspended aiweight Of 500 pounds, in
closed in q heavy brass cup. The
length of the pendulum rod is about
fourteen feet. The pendulum is hung
upon very delicate steel springs, and its
movements are made with the utmost
precision.
The six-legged gravity escapement is
connected with the pendulum by sim
pie yet delicate mechanism, and all its
acting parts are jeweled. By this es-
capement the motion is communicated
to the pendulum. On each side of the
pendulum rod is an iron arm suspended
from one end obliquely; as the escape
ment wheel turns, small pins on its axis
raise the free end of one of these arms
by means of levers. AS the pendulum
reaches the termination of its path, the
arm is released, and its weight, press
ing ag. inst the pendulum, drives it to
the other side, where the operation Is
completed. The motion is carried to
the four dials above by a revolving iron
rod.
There is an electric attachment to the
clock by which any number of dials
may be run all over the building. An
automatic retaining power permits the
clock to be wound without interfering
In the least with its continuous action.
In the ordinary large clocks it is neces-
sary to shift the gearing and go to a
great deal of trouble to set the hands.
In this clock there are sixty holes in the
brass wheel attached to the main shaft.
By withdrawing the pin which makes
the connection the whole machinery can
be whirled with ease and rapidity in
either direction. The small dial in
front also enables the operator to Judge
exactly when to stop. The hands are
so weighted that they cannot be af-
fected by the weather, however severe
storm may prevail. Mr.. E. Howard
the maker, said that the cost of the
tower clock alone is $4,000, with $4,000 |
extra for attached electrical clocks in |
different rooms in the building, making |
the total cost $4,000.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
COnItIing's Early Manhood.


"Roscoe Conkling," remarked the
Hon. Hamilton Spencer, prominent
lawyer, of Bloomington, Ill, the other
day, read law in my office in Utica, n.
Y. The firm was composed of my
father, the late Joshua Spencer, Francis
Herman, ex-United States senator from
New York, and myself. Conkling en-
tered our office in 1916, and was quite a
young boy, but large and tall for his
age. He was rather a good-natured,
red-faced, wholesome-looking sort of a
fellow, possessing very fine specimen
of physical manhood, while there was
everything else about the young student
to indicate good health and content
ment with the world. Although quick
to learn and possessing the finest tai
ents, young Conkling was not regarded
as being what is called very close
student, but still his mind was capable
of grasping eagerly the principles of the
law, and his eloquence at the bar won
for him many important suits"
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
How Women Buy Books.
[Exchange.l

An eastern seller of books says: Wo-
men will never buy bound book or
any but the cheapest editions. those
costing from 20 to % cents. When
men come in they want the best
of everything. Not so women. They
always want the cheapest. Women
generally will never read a novel until
it comes out in the Seaside or some
other cheap form. We have had wo-
men come in here day after day to see
if certain new books were out in cheap
editions yet. Show them the book
they wanted in a 50-cent or a dollar
edition and they would not touch it, but
would wait and wait until it came out
in a 25-cent pamphlet form. At the
same time they will spend their money
extrayagantly in matters of dress.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1884-01-03
Some Facts About Peanuts
lCor- Philadalphia Pressl


The preparation of peanuts for the
market is an interesting operation.
They are first put in an immense cyl
inder, from which they enter the
brushes, where each nut receives fifteen
or sixteen feet of brushing before it be-
comes free. After this cleansing pro-
cess the nuts drop on an endless belt,
which revolves very slowly. On each
side of the belt is a row of girls-black,
white, tan colored and crushed straw
berry, some of them-whose duty 1T is
to separate the poor nuts from the good
ones.
Those of the nuts that ''pass" go on
to the next room, where more girls
await their arrival and put them in bags
which, when filed, are sewed up and
branded as cocks" with the figure of
a rooster prominent on each sack.
These are the ''No. 1" peanuts. The
poorer nuts, which were separated by
the girls at the endless belt, are all
picked over again; the best are singled
out and branded, after being put in the
sack, as ''ships." The "ships" are not
so large nor so fine in appearance
as the cocks" but are just as good for
eating.
The third grade of nuts is known as
''eagles" and the cuttings that are left
from the eagles" are bagged and sent
to a building where the little meat that
is in them is extracted by patent
shelter This "meat"-for by this name
it is known to the dealers-is put up,
clean aud nice, in 200-pound bags and
shipped for the use of confectioners and
manufacturers of peanut candy.
There is also an oil made from some
OF she nuts, and in this speciality, 1 am
told, large trade is done by wholesale
Iruggists. OF the peanuts there is
nothing wasted, for even the shells are
made useful, being put in immense
sacks and sold to livery men for horse
bedding,and very comfortable, health
full bed they make.