Mohave County miner., 1884-05-11
ZEBEHR PASHA.
History of the Real Author of
 the SOudan InsuFrectiOn.

lead BedOuln troops against Ill hdLuL' That is bewlldering. Zebehr Pasha, finally, promises that if Gen. Gordon fails in his mission to Khartoum and becomes involved in danger there, he will go to his rescue and bring him back in safety. That is the most remarkable paradox in this entire much-tangled Egyptian problem. For this same Zebehr Pasha Is the khe- dives foe, the author of the troubles ID the Soudan, and the most revenge ful and implacabIe enemy Gordon has in the world.
 Briefly stated, his record is this: He founded the Soudan slave trade; he forclbly subjugated the prov ince of Darfur and established there a tyranny worse than that under which the fellaheen of Egypt groan; he aspired to independent dominion and organized a rebellion against the Egyptian Government, which was suppressed by Gen. Gordon, and as a result of which Zebehr's son was shot as a traitor and Zebehr himself sen tenced to the same fate; but he es- capped through the irdulgent clemen cy cf the Khedive, Ismail Pasha. About twenty years ago,journeying in the country lying west of the White Nile and between that river and the savage province of Darfur, found the caravan routes dotted here and there with fortified villages, winch served as depots of trade. Some of these consisted each of only three or four huts. while others were populous towns, with well laid out streets lined with dwellings and stores, the whole surrounded with a stout pallsade.
 Of the largest and most important of these settlements Zebehr Pasha, or Zebehr Bahama, as he was then known, was chief, and several of the neighboring villages were tributary to him. His authority over the peO- pIe was that of an absolute despot, and he had small but well-drilled army to enforce his commands. At this time the commerce of that region was principally in ivory, skins, etc, and 1t amounted to enormous value Upon every trader and every caravan Zebehr levied heavy toll, and any reluctance to render it generally re- suited in the conGscation of the whole and for these wrongs the merchants had DO redress.
 Naturally Zebehr grew richer and more powerful every year, and ex- tended h1s sway further and further, until all the villages in that region acknowledged him to be their ruler. His court and seraglIo became the most splendid in all Africa, and he was wont to ride out on state occa- slors in chariot of ivory and gold, drawn by six tame lions, each led by two Ethiopian giants, and above them all a canopy twenty-five feet wide and fifty long, made entirely of white ostrich plumes,
 When the supply of ivory became less plentiful, and the revenue from trades declined, Zebehr was not at a loss to provide substitute.
 You have enemles whom you can conquer" he said to the savage chiefs of the Soudan. ''Can you not hunt men as we'll as elephants? The Egyptians want slaves to till the Nile valley, and pretty girls are needed for the harems Of Cairo and Alexan- dria."
 Urging was not needed. Every | trlbe m the Soudan soon became an organized band of man-hunters, and these villages on the routes of travel and trade were transformed into slave pens. Upon this infamous traf- fic Zebehr also levied duty, picking out the strongest and bravest of the young men as recruits for his OWL army. These he soon made hls de voted adherents by persuading them that he had saved them from being sent into a terrible bondage, anC soon he thus created for himself al army of 5O,OOO stalwart savages, al ready to follow him to death, and al shlrsting for revenge upon the chiefs who had torn them from their homes and sold them into slavery.
 In 1869. when I visited Zebehl again, he had the air of a great king He had introduced European idea into his court, and he inquired mucl about the countries of Europe, thei system of government, their militar, forces, and also of the agencies b. which alliances might be formed witt them. For Egypt and its ruler he hat little esteem.