Vermont phÅ“nix. [volume] (Brattleboro, Vt.) 1834-1955, 1884-07-25

fANnAARAAo
or boundary which so frequently disturb the
peace OF Europe, we are left to cultivate
friendly relations with ALL and are FREQ from
possible entanglements In the quarrels OF any
The United States has no cause and no desire
to engage in conflict with any power IN earth,
and we may rest in assured confidence tnat nc
power desires 10 attack tho United States
With the nations Of the western hemisphere
we should cultivate closer relations, and for
our common prosperity and advancement VIC
should invite them oil to join with us In an
agreement that for tho future all international
troubles IN North or South America shall be
adjusted by impartial arbitration and not by
arms This project was part OF the fixed
policy Of President Garfields administration,
and il should in my judgment bo renewed Its
accomplishment on this continent would ia
vorably affect the nations beyond the sea, and
thus powerfully contribute at no distant day
to the universal acceptance of the philan-
thropic and Christian principle of arbitration.
The effect even Of suggesting II for the Span
ish American states has been most happy. and
has increased the confidence Of those people
in our friendly disposition. II fell to my lot
as secretary Of state in June, 1881, to quiet
apPrehensions in the republic Of Mexico by
giving the assurance in an official despatch
that there Is not the faintest desire in the
DAieNA A'thton AbA extension south
of the Rio Grande. The boundaries of the
two republics have been established In con.
formity with the best iurisdictional interests
OF both. Tho line OF demarcation is not
merely conventional-it Is more; it separates
Spanish American people from a Saxon
American people; II divides one great nation
from another with distinct and natural finali-
ty."
We seek the conquests of peace. We de-
sire to extend our commerce, and In an espe
cial degree with our friends and neiehbors on
this continent. We have not improved our
relations with Spanish America as wisely and
as persistently as we might have done. For
more than generation the sympathy Of those
countries has been allowed to drift away from
US. We should now make every effort 10 gain
their friendship. Our trade with them is al.
ready large. During the last year our ex-
changes in the western hemisphere amounted
TO $3.50, 900, OOO-nearly oneifourth of our en-
TIRE foreign commerce. To those who may
be disposed to underrate the value of our
trade with the countries of North and South
America, 1t may be we'll to say that their pop
ulaiion Is nearly or quite 80, 900. 600. and that.
in proportion to aggregate numbers, we i'm
port nearly double as much from them as we
do from Europe. But the result Of the whole
American trade is in high degree unsatsfac-
tory. The imports during the past year ex-
ceeded S225, 600, 900, while the exports were
less tnan l26,OOO, 0oO-showing a balance
against MS Of more than 500, 900. 900. But
the money does not 20 TO Spanish America
We sond large sums TO Europe in coin or its
equivalent to pay European manufacturers for
the goods which they send to Spanish Ameri-
ca. We are hut paymasters for this enormous
amount annually to European factors-an
amount which is serious draft, in every fin.
anclal depression upon our resources of spe-
Gle.
Cannot this condition of trade in great part
be changedI Cannot the market for our
products be greatly enlarged? We have
mado beginning in our effort to improve our
trade relations with Mexico, and We should
not be content until similar and mutually ad-
yantsgeous arrangements have been success
fully made with every nation of North and
South America. While the great powers of
Europe are steadily enlarging their colonial
domination in Asia and Africa, it is the espe-
cial province of this country to improve and
expand its trade with the nations of America.
NO field promises so much no field has been
cultivated so little. Our foreign policy should
be an American policy in its broadest and
most comprehensive sense-a policy of peace,
OF friendship, Of commercial enlargement.
The name Of American which belongs to us
In our national capacity must always exalt the
Just pride OF patriotism. Citizenship of the
republic must be the panoply and safeguard
OF him who wears it. The American citizen,
rich or poor, native or naturalizad, white or
colored, must everywhere walk secure in his
personal and civil rights. The republio sbould
never accept lesser duty (it can never as
sumo a noblor one) than the protection of the
humblest man who owes ii loyalty
at home, and protection which shall follow
him abroad into whatever land he may 90
upon a lawful errand
THE SOUTHERN STATES
recognize, not without regret the neces-
sity for speaking Of two sections of our COM
mon country. But the regret diminishes
when sec that the elements which separated
them arc fast disappearing. Prejudices have
yielded and are yielding, while growing cor
diality warns the northern and the southern
heart alike. Can any one doubt that between
the sections confidence and esteem are to-day
more marked than at any period in the sixty
years preceding the election of President Lin
coin ? This is the result in part of time and
in part OF Republican principles applied un-
der the favorable conditions of uniformity.
1t would be great calamity to change these
influences under which southern common
wealths are learning to vindicate civil rights
and adapting themselves to the conditions of
political tranquility and industrial progress.
II there be occasional and violent outbreaks
In the south against this peaceful progress,
the public opinion Of the country regards
them es exceptional, and hopefully trusts that
each will prove the last
The south needs capital and occupation, not
controversy. As much as any part of the
north, the south needs the full protection of
the revenue laws which the Republican party
offers. Some of the southern states have al
ready entered upon career of industrial de-
yelopment and prosperity. These, at least,
should not lend their electoral votes to DESTROY
their own future.
Any effort TO unite the southern states upon
issues that grow out of the memories of the
war will summon the northern states TO COM
bine in the assertion of that nationality which
was their inspiration in the civil struggle; and
thus great energies, which should be united
in common industrial development, will be
wasted in hurtful strife. The Democratic
party shows itself foe to southern prosperi-
ty by always invoking and urging southern
political consolidation. Such policy quench-
es the rising instinct of patriotism in the
heart Of the southern youth it reyiVes and
stimulates prejudice it substitutes the spirit
of barbaric vengeance for the love of peace,
progress and harmony.
TIE CIVIL SERVICE.
The general character of the civil service of
the United States under all administrations
has been honorable. In the one supreme test
the collection and disbursement of revenue
the record of fidelity has never been sur
passed in any nation. With the almost fabu-
lous sums which we're received and paid dur
ing the late war, scrupulous integrity was the
prevailing rule. Indeed throughout that try
ing period, 1t can DO said TO the honor of the
American name, that unfaithfulness and dis
honesty among civil officers were as rare as
misconduct and cowardioe on the field of bat
tie.
The growth of the country has continually
and necessarily enlarged the civil service, un-
I'll now it includes vast body of officers
Rules and methods of appointment which pre-
vailed when the number was smaller have
been found insufficient and impraclicablo, and
earnest efforts have been made to separate the
great mass of ministerial officers from parti.
san influence and personal control. Imparti-
ality in the mode of appointment to be based
on qualification, and security of tenure to be
based on faithful discharge of duty are the
two ends to be accomplished The public
business will be aided by separating the leg
islative branch of the government from all
control of appointments and the executive de-
partment will be relieved by subjeoting ap-
pointments to fixed rules and thus removing