davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03
CUTTING TIMOTHY.

The following method is that of an edu-
Gated Indiana farmer: Timothy, unques-
tionably makes much the best hay for all
classes of stock when well cured, which is
much more easily accomplished than with
any other grass, but which is not always
done, by any means; and yet is as worth
less as need be when cut at an unreasonable
time or handled in an unintelligent manner.
My rule for cutting timothy, is when it is in
its best state, if possible, and that is when
the major part of the field is in bloom.
Some of the seeds were then in milk, and
most of them perhaps, before l was through,
tor never cut my grass, wet or dry, before
| was ready, as some do. But my rule is to
begin the first fair day after | think the glu-
ten, starch and sugar are most abundant in
the stalks and leaves, and hurry on the work
as fast as possible during the dry weather.
and while there is plenty of sunshine.
never cut grass for hay when it is wet from
much dew, or even very little ram. Only
a careful observation,of the weather is need
ed generally, to secure the crop in good
condition. During the summer season two
or three days of cloudy or rainy waether is
usually followed by about the same number
of good, or fairly good, ,hay-cutting wetaher,
alternating in that manner through the
season, except in seasons OF severe drought
or excessive rains. l never pay attention to
the signs OF the moon or the weather proph-
cts. | once bought barometer, but it was
too slow and uncertain in coming to con-
clusions to suit me. They are poor proper
ty for the average farmer, and scarcely as
reliable as the rheumatism is. All things
being ready and the weather favorable, |
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03
No. 81.

that those early chicks are hatched from
the first eggs layed by the hens, when they
have more vitality, yigor and strength, and
in an exact ratio with the vitality and vigor
of the eggs, early laid by the hens, will be
the vitality and vigor of the chicks over
those later hatched
Close attention to this subject for the last
three years, has SO thoroughly convinced
me of the correctness of the proposition,
thatI would hesitate to hatch chicks for
breeding purposes after the first of July.
They will do for market purposes, as they
will reach the size Of frying or boiling, but
mature too slowly after that, for breeding
purposes.-A. S, Stonedrsaher, NJ, d., in
Farm and Ranch. ..
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03
BARB WIRE AND LIGHTNING.

The cOnnectiOn-in thought-betWeen the
sharp metallic points on lightning rods and
in electric machines, naturally suggests a
train of reasoning how far the nnumerable
sharp points on barb-wire fences may int1u-
ence thunder clouds. lightning, storms and
tornadoes. Accordingly, an article has
lately appeared from correspondent in a
valued exchange, attempting to show that
where barb-Wire fences are common, they
have so operated on the baleful influence of
the electricity OF the air, as to prevent cy-
clones and tornadoes and that where these
have swept through the country, it has been
where the wire fences have not been intro
duced. There are but two objections to
this hypothesis, namely, that theory is
against it, and that facts do not support it.
Electricity does not accumulate on the tace
Of the earth, for the earth being good con-
ductor does not permit it. AS we 60 up
ward, however, where the air does not
allow it to pass. there it accumulates with
power, and clouds hold, carry and discharge
it. Lightning rods, pointing we'll up into
the air, and connecting well with the earth
below, carry it down from the clouds when
they descend near enough. But how is the
barb-wire to do this work? The points do
not go high enough to get at it; and If they
did where are they going TO carry it to,
supported as they are on pofh, of dry wood,
which is nearly a non-condiN.n?
The barb-wires are three OF tour feet high,
and nearly insulated. Trees, bushes and
tall corn are much higher, and being green,
are good conductors. A field OF tall corn
is therefore worth much more than all the
wire fences within miles; an orchard is still
cetIer; and forest vastly more efficrnt.
But suppose these all bring down electrici-
ty. how is That operation to affect whirl-
wind? There may be, indeed, an unusual
amount OF lightning in cyclone, as the
Effect, not the cause, of the disturbance
We did without barb wire many years.
when tornadoes and whirlwinds were no
more common than they have been the past
seasons, during which so many Thousand
ons of this wire has been brought into use.
Some may even reverse the theory, and as
,rbe these disasters to the vast number of
he wire fences; but reasoning will not sus-
ain either opinion.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03
A BETTER OUTLOOK.

Our leading foreign contemporaries agree
with us in the belief that the flour market
has reached point where early improve
ment in prices is almost certain. There is
no doubt but that stocks have been reduced
to very low point in the principal mar
kets, and it is equally true that the supply
of the best grades from now until the new
crop comes in will be limited. There is but
a handful OF choice milling winter wheat in
America, the price is almost too high to
admit OF grinding it at profit, and the
spring wheat millers have scant supplies of
good wheat to carry them through. 1t
therefore seems unnecessary for holders and
miliers OF fine flour to make concessions.
when everything points to firm market
and higher prces.-N. W. Miller. .
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03
MIXED FARMING.

An assuredly, fully demonstrated fact in
agricultural matters is, that country where
mixed farming is carried on, is richer in its
assessment roll than a grain country. The
land in the former case is ordinarily cropped
by rotation to various kinds of produce, no
one needing the same elements of the soil
as the other, thus giving to some plant feed
ing constituent of the soil needed rest each
year. The stock kept on place and pas
tured returns condensed plant food to,
and thus pays its quota towards the enrich
ment of, the soil which supplies its food.
These features are absent on an entire
wheat farm, and the heavy drafts made on
the fertility of the soil must at some time
effect material deduction from the value
of the farm. The mixed farm Is not limited
to the recommendations mentioned. 1t has
the additional and very vital advantage of
being continual source G. income, the but
ter, eggs, beet, pork, chickens, turkeys, and
other items creating continual flow of cash
to the treasury of its owner, and the crops
very frequently producing much more valu-
able returns per acre than any acre of wheat
can possibly be madeto. .
A mixed farm is practically medium
between an entire grain farm and market
garden; $40 per acre is good average for
a grain farm to earn, net; 81 900 can be
made from an acre of market garden. This
figure being obtainable only where the
highest culture is combined with the best
market facilities. Very frequently net
of $50 per acre has been made on mixed
husbandry. Although this may seem a
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

heavy return, yet it is none the less obtain
able where the farmer combines industry
with Intelligent forethought and careful
consideration OF markets with the most
profitable crops to handle in his own par
ticular locality. Let South Dakotaian farm
ers adopt this class of dairying and there
will in 1890 be no richer country on the
American continent than that bound
ed by the 46th parallel on the North, wy
oming and Montana on the West, Minneso-
ia on the East, and Nebraska on the South.
Dakota Farmer.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

Transient advertisements PAYABLE in advance.
Regular advertisements payable quarterly.
Twenty-Five per cent added for special advertise
ments. .N.".H" ..NI a."' +.
Remittances by registered letter, post-ofiee
order or draft at our risk but not at our expense.
Any one failing to receive his paper regularly
should notify promptly by postal card.
subscriber desiring to change the post-offiee
iuection of his paper must communicate to us the
name Of the post-office to which # has previously
Beu sent, otherwise we may be- unable to comply
With his request.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

IN few weeks more the hay fields will
U' ready for the mower and rake. From
"'e oest information we have been enabled
%ootaln, ,ooo the crop will not average up with
s00'' 1t will therefore be necessary for
a'lefS n, to use their own Judgment as to
u aD'' ume is best to begin cutting. Mea-
aO"s 'nat are well supplied with water and
s'V"lng well may be allowed to stand long
no' 'uan those that are drying up and are
~ ~ well provided with water. 1t is much
~ 0eSt to cut when the grass is green.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

start the mower as soon as the dew is off
in the morning, and push it for all that is
in it for five or six hours, ii the weather
continues favorable, or until the rake starts,
which must be in time to take up all that is
cut, with men following the windrows with
forks, cooking up in good shape as fast as
raked. leaving no uncocked hay at sundown
in the meadow.-Neao York Herald
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

gardeners in Montana. The secret of their
success is industry. They make the soil
very rich then cultivate thoroughly, water
ing mostly with sprinkling pot. This
Is done every evening after the sun gets
low' A number of crops are often raised
on the same land.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

MANY OF our farmers, now that they have
small fruit orchards, begin to realize that it
is a great advantage to be able to grow a
supply OF fruit for the season. 1t is not on
y source of economy, but the fruit is bet
Ter, and instead of having scanty allow
ance they have all they can use every day
in the year. '..s.- ..
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

SMALL fruit orchard will bring
lots of happiness to any household. 1t is a
uuty that every farmer and suburban resi-
uent owes to his family to supply such. Not
Unly should every family be provided in
uls matter, but bachelor homes should be
provided also, as it is just as essential for
'ieln to study the laws of health as anyone.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

Mr.. A. E. GIBSON has been appointed by
the Colorado State Horticultural Society to
obtain facts and statistics regarding tree
culture in the State. The Society wishes to
ascertain what varieties of fruit, shade or
ornamental trees succeed best in different
localities.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

If the rainfall last week was as heavy in
other sections as it was IN a portion of Smith
river valley, it will save one irrigation.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

STRAWBERRIES set out this summer or
fall will bear next year.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

No FARM is complete without nice as
sortment of small fruits, such as Currants,
gooseberries, strawberries, raspberries, etc.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

TURNIPs for stock in winter may be sown
now, but for table use we would advise two
sowings; one about July 10 and the other
about the 25th. ---- = ILL
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

WHAT farmer will look upon the small
fruit orchard of his neighbor, laden as it is
with fruit, and not grow one for himself?
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

NICE currant shrubs can be grown in
three years from cuttings. .4 .."..
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

THERE has been more Mllet and Hungar
ian grass sown this season than ever before.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03
Igrifnlural.

MONTANA will grow a good crop of small
fruit this season. ...
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1884-07-03

SQUASH and cucumber plants can be sue
cessfully protected from bugs by sitting on
them coating of -four OF sulphur. large
pepper box or tin can with fine holes
prlcked ia its end being the best implement
for applying. So we are informed bv a
genth man who says he has practiced this
method with perfect success. Lets all trv
It this spring. Apply as soon as the plants
are well up and repeat after each heavy rain
HE woes of the farmer have furnished
paragraphists an endless source
OF amusement, and his capacity for grum-
ping has made occasion for some disparage-
ment of his Importance. But the interests
of the country are bound up soul and BODY
with his veal or woe, and the dependence
OF the business interests on his prosperity is
now so apparent that no one is so blind as
to overlook it. We talk glibly of our i'm
mense manufacturing interests, but they
are so small in comparison with the enor-
nous aggregate of the agricultural interest
that they become nearly paralyzed when
from any cause the latter becomes depress-
...'" i...t "
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19
a KICKISG HORSE.

Henry Siarks (colored) was tho hsppy
owner of horse aud neatly painted spring
wagou. He still holds the animal in whole
but the vehicle in smsll iDsta.lmsnts. As
Henry was driving DOM Main street yes
terdsy afternoon, just IS he reached the
corner OF Murphy street it occurred TO him
that his bors was not going along 70 suit
him, and fourishing hls large leather
whip he came down on IL with
q yengesnos. The animal returned the
urc xpccted compliment by klcsing the
dash board into kindline-w wood, and the fly.
ing splinters caused the driver to vacate
his seat without moments hesitation
The animal continued to kics, ahd the
second pass it made, strange as IL may sp:
near, Knocked the rear wheels clean out OF
position, after which it kicked the
bed Of the wagon into the street aud
completed the wreck by converting the re.
mainder of the vehicle into St We Kindl!ng.
When it r,n out OF material IL wheeled
around and kicked the lnrse pole in front
of the Telephone exchange with ench force
that thoEe who heard the rattle THE wires
thought the exchange had been struck by
LIGHTNING,
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19

ff I.s.Isr HII.b.a H,trdauf.. Nr. .H.
IH.U NI m.. e. b.. In ... W.i. IH"f
u..Hf .IHtIwr IH.frf hmH.f ..f .UHntf
MIH lfHHit NufHNFt HI rNHH r.atI ...|
rI| ..IWtU. r' tIHHI.rt nIu I'D
IHF U'#II |ItfH V.II |" If'UUri H..
IH.U tNr tt.lF I' 'I rHTfHFr'. N'I
bf shown t4H EHiHf-r..aF alI iIfr p..
M iUiut.t DO 'he .r.H, 700 ,omr.i....
which 'Iud m iuu. -'H.. .r bod tuH.ra'uI
e.. sul,r ius ru.fe.i u. rbI.tIaH uur
fruH Grd HJI Ton men vlint
lpIu,ugt tH enter ns Clmp1uyr
auI 81. UaIF m.fr NH tA.
companies may s.ur "a l1.t r'Hi HI
if.gu1.E 20 has I'll F.Y. tHI.irl D.. tfrtn mo
! FCu WrTl Hdrmu rr. I.o p.l hs u,ltti-
msur, spu irl.r d'.rFH'IuH iflw sou, u,y
Eould bH E,tr g'd,
rnrtr.s.si.rolth, Santa b. Is heain
Imuasa0lg .n-nffsltIuu aut tI1su Wnocia'm
tu E. 1g shefsat they rptAs, -ay Wctk Wil
trrI hy September,
Hls.fa Teas aC,l'gaH here amt one Uithe
.. Dr hHO.lefH uI tbe Texas Cunt'prfsN MNHl
company, hess been served via warrant
issued ~ Judge Peasant, 81 Nloturis, Tor
contempt OF court, Ia going before Judge
Hood and making affidavit r'luilirg To-
c'lyuF rom carrying Ous tue orders ~
Juig1 p.ersAnIg. Mr.. Peak Fays be cnHsid-
~, Judge Hood A. good l5fGl HutUorily az
J.1F- Peasants, ard furthermore lie hus
D., lawyers behind him. NJ. Peak sots 20
| Y en- IA IN lew days
lpH young men hero SPEAK oi orEaHiglng
yIuGs q smOcFacy Cluh, InsY af6 on'An-
sIastic and Determined aud " ! axe n bill
liant 4 ghl VI aHY 6p0uy hey tacale,
Alex S.,dmHf, - very pI1mlnent lawyer
| rfrs, ia very tics tiH phNsiClsl being Il
the opinion that hrC.r u0t recover.
TIC friends of I,u.'i 'pH mere ara npsnl
In ssy.gr ,ha' PStt u r"' ,o'ing lar
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19
Bolstering Blaine,

Boston, June IL -Annu 100 friends OF
jesse NJ Cove and Onsr,es T. Gallagher,
delegates to this repu ,lic Ii CONVENTION
from tho fourth dsir ct, mes
them at dinper Tonight. 1T
wss company Of earnest Blaine
supporters. Econ r. Mop rspn presided.
Among those present w'r" LieuteDant'
Governor Ames. A. " lizard, Collector
Wor,hingtop, Judge G. G. BUSH, Judge
G. w. Schell, W. A J tnston and o.
A. De3ison, of Caiifnrn,, and Henry
Parkman. Speeches approving the nnmi-
nation of Blaine and LogrG wre made by
Cove, Gallagher, Worthington, Ames;
Parkm1n, Schell, R.atd and
Denison. j. A. Smith, of
Boston, highly eu'og'zed b'aine
and said: III ever p"mlpaticn came
frou the people it was the continuation o.
James G. Blaine, and the people love him
because he ~ thoroughly sBn intensely an
American citi2en,"
NEw YORK, June I3-The Lincoln club
gave anintormal'' reception tonight 10 John
ID, Iawsun, on his return from the
Chica 70 conVention, A resolution ex-
oress'vs of 10y atty to the republican party
aud B,eiEe passed.
The twen first assembly district repuD'
lean clnb adopted resolutions to.
nj 1ht raiifying the nominations oil
B.a.ge and ogau, and pledging
themselves to work for the election OF The
ticket The German sepublican central
committee tonight passed similar resolu,
tipng. B>th meetings we're largely attended
aid much eDthusissm vas Manifested.
committee wGs appointed al the latter meet
ing to make arrangements Tor holding o
Ratification masa meeting.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19
A FINANCIAL SCANDAL.

WARRINGTON, June i3.-[PrsEs.l- The
Star says: Gle disc'osures snow the fail
urs Of the banking hoUse o, Middleton IL
Co. was not only She most disgrecetul, but
noa of the mcst disastrous on r. cord. PROP.
erty left for sair-ktepiug, good mergine On
stucks, charity !uUds ali OF the deposits,
and in fact everything, have been eweps
away and used ny tue fun, until IL is
doubtful i!itpgys "a cent 3r even Il mill on
the dollar. Ii is shown they hsye been
given funds 10 make pu cHasos which
they have simply pas'c1 to their
oGl credit and ppent DlcDmsu, form
e. " MiddlntoR'a partner 10 New York,
said il the Middlet9Rs rad any defense or
any explanations 10 make they could very
easily appear before the credi ccmmis.
sion and show u these large Gums were lost
through fixtures in Crdilpry business chan.
nsls, or had beer, ~ openly charged, dc.
liberia ely soleu. Some Of the suilsrsrs
were before tho grand jirv yesterday en-
deavoring 20 stcnru ihe Indictment OF the
MiddietoDs for obtaining money under false
pretsuses Developments rot yet made
public promise some w. y features.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19
SPAIN TIRED OF CUBA.

Nkw YoKH, June H.-I5pcciSl. The
REPORTED arr val ~ Havana 81 an Official
commission from Ma0rd 10 study the prob
lem OF TIC sale or retention oi cuou, AID
the price To 90 GomaI ded ia Cnso o! Bale,
causes considerable Harry IN The politios'
camp Eyen tuCse who doubt that spain
has made up her mind 80 ihr as 10 dispatch
commissioners OF inquiry fetl that II must
come sooner or lsiaI, cnd are discussing
the question whether un advantageous bsf-
gain will be made during the present or the
next administration. rnose who favor the
purchase by ibs Jailed States point sig
nihcaully 20 the iiguros ard statistics puo-
lished by the Spanish press, both at
NJ Ic rid and in AmeriCr, In pTooi that spain
cannot possibly relsin Cuba kept at great
loss, while she would he considers bly, nchtr
at once by Costing or TINT dead weight,
when SHE Carries through q 6euSs 81 q"
tion6l pride merely, The minister Of ul'
tramGr, or colonies, Senior Tejada de Val
dosere, with the a. 9istant Eecretsrr, senior
SuaT,2 Vigil, has just printed aIeporl look
ing 20 a decrease IN the enormous Cuban
estimates Of SS3O00,CG0 annually. They
propose to reduce the army eapenses OF the
island rom $il coo COO TO 81 GO 600, By ex
tending the dis pliued militia OrgeuizN-
ti0n. nov entirely In tho hands OF the Co.
COO Spsuish natives, volunteers. The re-
organized militia, assisted by lO,COD rtgu-
lar soldiers tom spain. would be sufficient.
according to the ministerial report. Bat
even this remedy would be Of no avail
when Spanish Statistics continue to tx-
htbit tremendous decrease in the value Of
the sugar aud tobecco cIops, the source OF
revenue. In March last, Tor instance, the
Cuban treasury received $l22 GOO less for
importation dates than in the correspond
ing month of 1883. Il is true that IT, re-
ceived $4,000 more for export duties, but
it Is precisely these duties or the exporta.
ton Of Cuban products which are running
the island and viii! bring about its peaceful
ceesion nv Spain.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19
The Hempen Harvest:

KEY Wet, Jane 13.-Recio, colored
Cuoar, convicted Of murder, wss hanged
to-day. The murdered msG wss also
Cubau. The crime originated in eon bling
quarrel Recio DENIED his gulf of this OF
fsnse but acknowledged having committed
three murders in Cuba He Gays the vic.
tins were sll Spauiards. After bsing
bound R~cio called tor bottle OF wine and
q cigarette. Ue took drink
with The gres.est coSlness aud
il v,ted the Jail officials TO join
him. Upon their declining he took o Sec
oud elsss, Dropped his cigarette and said he
Nas ready Another Cuban convicted OF
murder, hung himself in his cell. He wa
to have been executed to-day.
NOM GoMERY, ALA, June bat Sesle
today Lswsilyn Robinson (colore') was
hanged for the murder o. another negro,
Troy Adams. in March last. he died in
seventeen mioutea of etrabgulltio h,s
neck not being broken. He confessed his
guilt en- the gallows.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19
The Eleventh District Caucus.

FoRT WORTH, June ll.-ISpec'al The
caucus OF the eleventh district met IN con.
veution. Called 10 order by q X. Bell,
chairman of the eleventh district.
On motion, DR.. w. NJ. Yande!l was
elected chairman and +. i. Wilson secTe-
tary.
On motion, the caucus proceeded to put
in nomination candidates for delegates 10
he Chicago convention.
Moved and carried that tho unorgsniZed
counties he allowed one vote in this caucu.
for each county.
Pat in nomination, J. i. Fleming, W. X.
Shannon, c. X. Bel and G. W. Smith, who
withdrew his name.
Votes being taken viva voce by counties,
J. r, Fleming received 50 votes, w. IL.
Shannon 12 votes, ard G. X. Bell SO votes,
On motion, Fleming End Bells election
was made unanl nous,
Ga motion, 8. Strawn and j. V. Wig
gins were elected altrrnstee by reclamation.
Moved and Withdrawn that this caucus
proceed to elect an ecctoc Tor the eleventh
district, contingent upon the action OF the
democratic convention.
On motion, the caucus sdiourned subject
to cell OF the char
w. NJ. YAEDELL, Chairman.
f Il WILSON. Secretary.
The Dallas weekly herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1885, 1884-06-19
PINNING DORSEY DOWN.

WAsHINGToE, jun l3-TPress l-Repre-
sentative Spriu ger, chairman Of the COM
mittee on expenditures ~ tie department
of justice, received the following letter TO.
day:
Dorsey has written letter in which,
among other tn nea, he said demanded
he should pay $4,000 10 EikiDs, aud tina.
for it he would see he wes protected i'm =
medis,ely in thu late star-route trials.
| pronounce this statement of Dorsey g
absolutely fslse in everv particular. l
never made such demand OF him or had
such corvH5s ttion with him. or any other
person on tho fubisct. Ny testimony can lie
had at any time you desire.
[Sigradl "GEoEGE E. SPENCER"