The Warner weekly sun. (Warner, Brown Co., Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1885, 1884-03-07
oRDERs or cHrVALRY.
Ancient and Modern Decorations he
slowed by all Kinds Of goveraigns.

Almanaeh de Gotha" is found an III
teresting list Of orders conferred by the
various sovereigns and states OF this
modern world. 'sThe United States al
most alone are missing from this list.
Even the little republic Of San Marine
has its order of chivalry, established by
the sovereign grand council, and our
SISTER republics" Of South America and
are abundantly provided with means for
the decoration Of those most distinguish
ed in their internal conflicts. The parent
of all knightly orders, of course, is the
Sovereign order Of st. John of Jerusa-
lem, that half mystic organization which
took its origin at the hospital Of st.
John, founded at Jerusalem in 1913,
in the morastic order established there,
and was confirmed in 1113 by pope Pas
cal III. In 1118 the congregation OF
H~ospitaliers was converted into an or
der of religious knighthood by the
/ Grand Master, Raymond de Puy, and
confirmed as such in 1870 by Calixtus
III. From 1909 the Knights of ST John
called themselves Knights OF Rhodes,
and after 1880 Knights of Malta, and
the history Of the order during all this
period is full Of romance. After the
death of the Grand Master, Fra Tom
masi di Cortoni, in 1905, until the year
1879, the order was administered by Q
| lieutenant of the Grand Magistracy and
by G Consul residing at Rene, but ~
the year named the ancient dignity o.
the Grand Master was re-established.
The Order of the Holy Sepulcher, OF
contemporary origin, is now attached
to the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
Leaving this cosmopolitan order we
naturally turn to Spain to find the
organizations which reach back farthest
into medieval chivalry. The military
order of Calatrava was founded by the
King of Castillo, Sanche H. in 1903,
and that of Alcantara, known as the
Order of st. Julien, claims an origin
two years earlier, though not confirmed
by Papal decree until lit. The great
military order of st. James OF the
Sword was confirmed by Alexander LII
in 1175, and two years later was intro
duced by Alphonso / into Portugal,
where the same monarch had already
established the Order of St. Benoit4
d,Ayiz. in 1852. The other early Span
ish order is that of Norte Dame de Mon.
tesa, founded by James i'll OF Arragon
in 1916, and about the same time King
Denis of Portugal founded the Order OF
Christ. which was confirmed IN 1920 by
Pope John XXI. The origin OF thia
order, which is for personages Of high
rank, is supposed to be connected with
the Ancient Order Of the Temple.
In chronological sequence the famous
Order of the Garter must be mentioned
next, assigning its origin to Edward IL
in 1348. The Order of the Bath dates
from Henry ~, 1899. The Scottish
Order of the Thistle, according to ira
dition, should 60 at the top OF the whole
list, for it Is said to have been instituted
in 787; but it viii be safest 70 give it
the date Of its re-establishment by
James V in 1910. The Danish Order
Of Danebrog should also have been
mentioned earlier, since it claims de-
scent from Waldemar III, 1919, and the
Swedish Order of the Seraphim, found
ed by Magnus /, about 1860, and then
we come to another of the great orders,
that of the Golden Fleece, founded by
Philip the Good Of Burgundy, 1929,
and whose collar is now the highest
honor that he can bestow. The Order
of the Swan, established by the Elector
Frederick III of Prussia, In 1440, the
Bayarian Order Of st. Hubert, the DAN
ish Order Of the Elephant and the Porr
~tuguese Order of the Tower and Sword
also date from the Fifteenth century.
After these few new orders were es-
tsl5iisIieea until ttHHfs Eighteenth century,
when they began to multiply rapidly,
but two or three famous orders come In
the interyal-the Order Of the Sword,
founded by Gustayus Vasa of Sweden,
in 1922, and notably the order Of Rus
STA, in 1893. OF the younger orders es-
tablished by various princes for various
motives, there is not space to speak,
though it is necessary at least to men,
ton one Of the greatest Of them all, the
Legion of Honor, founded by the Con-
sui Bonaparte in 1902, and now the
only order officially recognized IN
France. Contrasted with some OF these
~hncient Monuments of chivalry, the lit
tie Orders Of the petty states and prin-
cipalities do not escape the ridiculous.
The Prince Of Monaco has founded the
Order of st. Charles, and there are no
less than three Orders Of chivalry IN
Montenegro. Ancient empires-China,
japan, Persia-have established orders
on the European plan 4 q has the King
dom of Hawaii, and the youngest order
Of all is the African Order of the Re-
demption, of Libeyia.
The Orders established for ladies de-
serve a paragraph to themselves. We
find in the list, in Austria, the Order Of