davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
The Grar dest stair way in the world.

Roron lie Thomson TO New Ys.k Interviewer.
The Calvario Hill, just west Of the
city of Caracas, the scene of battle
between the Spaniards and the patriots
in June, 1871, has been made into a
beautiful park. Going up the mount is
what / believe to be the most magnii-
cent stairway in the world. 1 have
never seen anything approaching it in
stateIipess and beauty. 1t is of sand
stone, 100 feet wide and 50 feet high.
The p 4rk cost $2,000,0OO. The crest Is
600 feet higher than the level of the
city, and is surmounted by statue Of
the "Great President" Guzman Blanco,
The "illustriOus American" as he Is
called, who has done so much to pacify
and build up the country. He may
have made money during this working,
but the people certainly have the inn
provenents. He is worth about Sl5,-
COG coo,
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
MhntPIE Iron Costs.

The American Manufacturer, OF
Pittsburgh, says the cost of making pig
iron at that city Is:
TX tons of ore at sS.5O...................S Isl %
II tons uf coke OF s2UC................''..' Z'og
'''''''''' ~
Incid, utal repair, taxes, etc.. loo
Ela66
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
ERrln for Sale.
FoR sALE-FARM OF ios ACRES, RIol

EoR sALE-FARM OF iOs ACRES, RICH
Il limestone soil. about miles from Ben.
wood, Marshall county, W. Va, about 81
acres under cultivation, = acres In grass, -
outbuildingS Also, comfortable dwelling
house and HON ten TO l6 acres of land one
mile from Bfnwooc Junction, on county
road, with q choice selection OF fruit treea
inst hearipg. Two never failing sprinrs:
above high water. Wv. HOGE a RHO.
mrSh 800 Market Street
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
kOTICE TO lCE CONSUMERS.

an AND AFTER THIS DATE WE THE
~ Undersigned ic dealers do agree u sell
ice at Inc following prices for the season OF
i6s
Homc Eco.
Ice 'ream Saloons and butchers, 40c per lG0
druggists. Saloons and Restaurants, SOC. ger
l0J POUNDS.
Lake Ice, f5c. per leo pounds.
Home Ice, one ION lots 500 per ton; two
tons and upwards, $500.
Lake Ice one ton lots, per ton 500; two
tons and upw ards, $40.
netaii pr.ceE 10 families daily. s pounds s
cents; II pounds 10 cents; Is p .unds 10 cents
u pounds - cents.
{. seihert & Sons, Reinacher & Iarnhart
Y Kuhn. Zarnittz Bros q Co,
Rail A Bros Frank Walter,
Koehnlein Bros, Jos. kirchke sner.
mJl2teqd
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16

WHEELING AND PITTSBURGH DIVISION
or aud after Scpt.Ln Der %, 1853, passs niger
trainS viii run ~ follows, Wheeling time;
DEPhRTUEES-
For Prttsburgn-6;2, a. IN. daily; sos p. m
For y aslington-s 20 o. m. daily; s06a
~, u p, m, 5.i5 PIN. daily except Sunday.
AURIYhL
FroIa Pittsburgh $50 a. m. ally; GO p
IN. caly except sunday.
sunday; $50 a. m. daily; i:l6 p. n, 6:SO p. n
daily except Sunday. ..
{. h. LORI, o.neral Pasepger Agent
THOS. M KING, Genera. Supt
Ne ID SMITH Paw. AL, PittaburRh.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
FOE SALE.
For sale.

EoR sALE-FeR STORAGE UNTIL JAN.
- may 20 1854 two Planning Maehinss, foaf
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
A Valuable Farm For Sale,

1.bE UNBthsIGN OFFERS FoA
/ sale his farm situated three miles sAst of
TIC National road, containing i6s acres, L.
under cultivation, has plenty OF good umbss
10 well " altered, lies very fayorably, n eaay %
that part OF the country. Has ON u one rood
dwelling house and one tenant houss, with
ample and convenient out.buildingk HAa
three good orchards Of choice fruit 1ogethsS
with q lot Of othsr fruit such ~ psAss, chez.
rtes, ounces, ds. For particulars enquire q
the undersigled on the premises, % sddrso
oale6gh SAMUEL n HlNNEI
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
~ ANTED.
TWO Mules.
For Kent.
5000 Reward.

WE HEREBY OFFER TWO HUN.
red dollars reward for the recovery OF the
S!lks and Satins stolen from our store, Tues
day, March 18th. No questions asked.
La GOOD CO.,
mrI,s IiSl Main street.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
The Joliet steel Mill,

The changes that have been going on
in Joliet steel mills are about completed
and notice has been given that the MI!
will start single turn on the l7th inst.
No one knows who the men are that
will be permitted to go to work. A new
and very rigid system of rules has beea
adopted about permitting men TO enter
upon the cOmpapy's ground. Some OF
the men have left for other parts, other
have engaged in new enterprises, and
Others expect to he compelled to. a
week ago Edward Baker, charter men,
Der of Des Plans Lodge, and John
Martin. charter member Of Stone City
Lodge, bought out one of the finest
saloons in Joliet and engaged in busi
ness. Both are we'll known In this sec
ton, and have always been staunch
members of the A. A.-The company
ale making changes that DO not con-
form to many of their former profess
siOns of liberality, and men who come
here with the idea that it's good place
to seek Job may get very badly left
Most of the men have concluded to take
their places aud make the best OF bad
lot of circumstances.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16

,Dhly except Saturday j. NJ.
WHEELING AND EVANSVILLE ACCOM-.
NOTATION
Leaves Wheeling AT 4 ~ y. M, BellAirs 81 ~
p. m. daily except Sunday.
Sleeping Cal, Wheeling 10 Indianapolis, VIA
Columbus, o., on Train No. 4. leaving TINS
city at :5S p. N. daily, arriving at lndianap'
oils At a. Il.
Through coach on train No. 2, leaving
Wheeling ut Gals a. M, arriving at Columbus
At $50 p. IL
B. q D. Sleeping Can on all Through trains.
Close connections made for AL points south
and Southwest, North and North west, making
mis- adesirabls route for ooloniEts and persons
moving 70 the great Wsrt, and 70 whom pAru-
culRr attention In given.
Tickets 10 all principal points on sale atdspot
Sleeping Car Rccotam odations can DO seoax'
THos. Il. b. HAAsE, Ticket Agt, b a o
JOHN 8AILIE, Ticket Agent, City oasa
JOHN I. LANE, Trav. Pass- ACT
w. II. CLEMENTS, N. OF T.
r. r. DEvRIEs, Gam Agent, WhssHns'
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16

rbsrssz s.rt.sy ss.s go Z. q I1.,ZS
sboys go sPsss.ix 60 y
C1ssk Of ~ Nssssipai pogs
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
Commissioners Sale Of Valuable Real
Estate and Stocks.

Commissioners SeIe OF vdIudDtS hSdi
Estate and Stocks.
yETHE MUNICIPAL CpUKTOY WHkkL
IN. W.s Virsiois, william v. sci,nslis w.
L0uIia Diek sm held nni Others.
~ cMAScpEY.
Tie undersigned special comtals.1orsn
uerfby g,Te nOuce LAT, puTSnab W ths an
ts!ily ysstsd In ihrta b, = = cree mspW
nv tag OF January. 1874, hey Will on
sAJUBDAY, THE 2sD DAY " MARCH
A u. 1884
commencing n 10 o'e'oca .. n. ,slI n pub.
HOME Of OHIO cOuHy. Wssi virSin,s, 4. the
ne stock OF ue Wheeling and Bs,nost
sSss # S q. y snS
-. .s0 IN ma .aiS en-, of SGssiiSs tnst T. 20 ssyi
FiIsi. The b9rti one third o. os sea y
he .s.t sidtof hsrk.ts reet. DesWeen Ients
spd Eleventh III eeta On this propery
erected the brick houss DOW Occupied y
yelling This Parcel Of real sstAts vii -
soldl subject IN . lesse Of same 70 aid Cnfhe
man expiring sa,ch .. Iss, ct . fsniI q
saaai assrierIy insts,msnt4, the .parshee0
,sEi pg the rent seeruins from snd sfsss pas
s.eorJ the sopth tvo.th,rds of ios nuns
,t,.d ffty three 81 In BON and Chaplias4
,dditieJu 10 sald city, on the vet sids a
yaiB street, bstvsen Twenty .nfa aud Tweor
The I'd soath Two thirds of iot nunbssrl
suy-,hIss will be offered - single pseesJ
and will sls0 10 o5ei tSi IN tvo psfcshs wh1en
vi parcels viii he separated ~ 2 linz ofsyn
ihrooxb tbe middle 81 the wall nsfweeo -
tvs i.uses occupying The front p0SvQn g
n . tyop&Yfy and sx ,su6IDg haeh ttsnf9te -
he v.stsYn line " the lot, 01d ~ v1n heose1
IN whichever ~sy the best pfiss en- - ..
s an, =, the real estate Aforesaid = vsn ~
oroy.d aud dssirabls psopssty. ~.
pnpss on tALn-fsid ,aFel o. 0oen ~
h. 80 Tor RI. b: ard sid rel estnfs VII -
Old f1,r one third 0f The purcbaae mooey -
:, :, ,,rh more toSrs ut ~ tba puSenae9 -
,l.ct essb in hand On the day d 80 80
re I'm sIpcef IN two equal tpaA1meuo H1E
.Jie rseterf,ysiy In one and 80 ye1y vi
ipts,es the punch seey swing bis ngoos ~
VOID perennial security fos the eseSs
sslrnepta ef The purebaee menly. 1s9 -
-efsiTed untii The whole Of " 49,
money SSIhg Hill 3 caiISSa
SPECIAL CoD1nnA8
"a. C,rrfstmsp, Aeeftsre.r.
WHKxIIpG ". VA, vee. ~ 49,
,,..s~ s.rstfy sbsa boal d - p0n11Zo
80 - ~ oe0uSffY h. 80 GlVIU - =
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16
Business Chanos,

r HAVE TAKEN INTO BUsiNEs5 DAT.
i Ing from January I, 1851 Nj. VIM II,
Chapman. The business will be conducted
at the old stand, No. 1915 Main street, where
we propose 10 Escpa full line OF psintsrs'
snd buIldsrs' supplies Of the very best quail.
lic,, which We 5fisr 70 the trade st reason.
atle prices. Thanking my cusiomery for
their literal patronage In the pest, i most
refrectfuIIy ask q continuance OK the same
in the future. W. a. WIIsUN.
Wheeling Sunday register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1882-1934, 1884-03-16

producing only about two tons OF iron
Der dsy. The iron made was principal
IL cast directly from the furnace INTO
various forms, such as pots, kettles, etc.
The ore used was the nOdnlar clay iron-
stone of the coal measures. The furnace
Was built against the side Of u hill, the
rock of which formed one side OF the
furnace; was twice rebuilt, in 1916 and
1887, and after making few blasts was
finally abandoned. The ruins Of this
pioneer furnace in the Ohio iron indus
try are visible near the old Mt. Ne6o
coal mines below Youngstown. In 1913
James HeetCn erected charcoal forge
near the present city OF Niles, which
produced from the pig iron Of the yell
low Greek furnace the first mallea6le or
bar iron made in the State. In lSll-'l2
the second furnace in the State was
built by James Rogers and others on
Brush Creek, about twelve miles from
the Ohio river, in Adams county. 1t
was cold blast charcoal furnace, Us
ing limonite ore found in pockets in
the Niagara limestone, which, accord
ing to PIof. Locke, is the product OF
the oxidation of nOdules of iron pyrites,
which are quite abundant at that uori-
ZOn. In the same year, 1872, james
HeatoA built the Mosquito Creek fur
mace at Miles, near the forge he had al
ready erected in 1909, and the following
year, 1913, Daniel Eaton & Sons pur.
Chat ed the old Yellow Greek or Poland
furnace, and built another furnace a.
Yellow Creek Falls, few miles south.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28
The Soudan Bugaboo.
Monca Penney in the Revue d'Ethnographia

Monca Penney in the Revue dEthnographia
know the Mahdi personally: Ieae
him for the first time on the island OF
Abe white Nile), about nine years ago.
Mohammed Ahmed is to-day man
about forty years old: he was born al
Dongolah, and is the third son of poor
parents, called Abdellahi and Amina
When seven years old Ahmed frequent
ed Mussulman school, and at the age
of twelve had completed the study Of
the Koran. Thanks to the devotion OF
his brothers, established carpenters and
boatbuilders, he was enabled to con-
tinue his studies in the neighborhood
of Khartoum under two clever masters
Ell Gourachi and Abd-el-Ayim, son
of the Sheik Ell Tayeh. It was then,
having completed his studies, that he
came to live on the island of Aba, on
the White river He lived there about
fifteen years, revered by the Bagarahs,
when he undertook to pass himself of
for the Mahdi, THAT is to say, for one
sent by God to regenerate Islamism.
Mohammed Ahmed is man of medium
size, of light copper color, with 9
very black beard, and has three parallel
scars on each cheek. He is extremely
thin, for he undergoes very rigorous
fasts. Before making his appearance
in public he inhabited a hole under
ground, where he wept continually over
the universal corruption. The Mahdi
only wears a shirt and drawers OF
damour, or heavy cotton cloth, sandals
for his feet, and small turban on his
head.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28

I listened to no remonstrances. and
when she had consented I put an emf
to the last "but !" with q sly hint that Nh.
had better improve the present oppor
tunity to visit her old home, for the olo
gentleman who had bought it intended
to dispose of it soon. ., *
I bore Josepha away on the 5 O'CLOCK
train, much to the disgust of my lady,
who was losing q governess such a.
Beverly square should not soon again
see. - g. .u. - ~.
The quiet aud the change did work a
wonderful change. Josepha in ? fort,
night was almost herself, and queened
it over me in her own delightful way.
She began to talk of gazing back IL
London again, and one afternoon asked
for the keys to the place. ="
had made my plans to head her off,
but this time I sent no telegrams. ]
simply waited until the afternoon sun
was low, and then 1 followed her.
I found her, as knew I should, be.
fore her fathers portrait. Her head
was thrown back, her face uplifted, her
hands thrown behind her.
"Josepha," I said, speaking as
naturally as could had most OK
asperating lump in my throat the
wedding for which this house was de-
signed gift never came off. The old
fellow doesn't know what to do with it,
and, in fine, says if you will take it back
-and-himself into the bargain, he'll
be no end obliged"
Her eyes Lit up, the loveliest color
came to her cheek. I kissed her, for ]
saw I might. And when the first stars
came out we walked together through
the fields and our troth was plighted.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28
The Statue Of Gen. Lee.

A bronze statue of Gen. Robert b.
Lee, ordered by the city of New Or
leans and executed by Mr.. Alexander
Doyle, was on exhibition for day OF
two at the works of the Henry & Bon
nard Bronze Manufacturing company in
New York. The contract was awarded
Mr.. Doyle about year ago by COM
mittee composed of Gen. Beauregard,
Gen Early, Mr.. Royal and other prom
inent citizens. About $4,000 was
guaranteed the. sculptor. the
fund being raised by volun-
tary subscriptions of the people of the
South. The statue is fifteen feet seven
inches in height. It represents Lee in
military dress, wearing SLOUGH hat and
top boots. His arms are crossed o8a,
his breast. The statue was shipped
from New York the 9th inst. The col
umn, which is ninety feet in height, has
already been erected. The dedication
of the monument will take place on the
22d, and will be the occasion of gener-
al gathering of the old chiefs and sup,
porters of the confederacXr Officers
and soldiers of the Union army have al
so been invited.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28

Read what the people say concerning
the ability Of DR.. Thomas Eclectric Oil
to cure asthma, catarrh, Group, colds,
etc. Mrs. Dora Koch of Buffalo says !:
''For Group it is decidedly eficaci-
ous." MRS. Jacob Mellisor Of Mari
on, Ohio, says the same thing.] S. s.
Graves, Akron, N. Y, writes: Had
asthma of the worst kind, took one dose
of Thomas Electric Oil and was relieved
in few minutes. Would walk five miles
for this medicine and pay S. bottle for
it." Druggist G. R. Hall, GRANVILLE, ILL.,,
says: "Cured an liberated throat for me
in twenty-four hours" ''Sat up in
bed and coughed till the cloth
ing was wet with perspira-
ton. Ny wife insisted that Iuse Thomas
Eclectric Oil. The first teaspoonful re-
ieved me-" T.. H. Perkins, Greek Gen.
tire, N. Y. Thomas Eclectric Oil is
TIP TOP external application for rheu-
matism, cuts, scalds. burns, bites,
bruises, etc. When visiting the drug
gist ask him what he knows of DR..
Thomas Eclectric Oil; if he has been
long in the drug trade, be sure he will
speak highly of it. Sold everywhere.
&c. Thomas' Electric Oil-$1.00. Eos
ter, Milburn & Co., Buffalo, n. Y.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28
F.arfn1 cxclouas at the aouth.

A terrible cyclone passed near Rockingham,
North Carolina, late Monday night, the 18th
inst, killing from fifteen to thirty people and
wounding great number.
The cyclone that swept through Alabama on
Monday caused the loss of great many lives
and vast amount of property. At Leeds the
residence and premises OF Dr. W. F. Wright, a
railroad contractor was demolished. Tho
body of Dr. Wright's mother was found an
hundred yards from the house, fearfully man
gled. Annie, JEANNE, Thomas, James and Ed
ward, children of DR.. Wright, have arms and
legs broken. Harriet McCrew, cook was
killed: OF twenty -four carts, two wagons and
three horses in the place, nothing remained but
the carcass of one horse Latest intelligence
but adds to the horrors of the woful story.
From the names of the dead already published
it appears that hundreds Of lives were lost
From Georgia the reports are of the same
tenor as those from Alabama, and in North Car
DINA, also, and i'll South Carolina, the lists of
the dead are frightful The cyci6ne was Of the
same character as those of previous years,
bounding from point to point creating terrific
winds for ten miles on each side of its track.
Southern Illinois. Missouri and Southern
Chic haG Ioucn of the cyclone, and good
deal Of property was destroyed, but there were
notmany fatalities
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28
Coal Mining Horror.

The little mining village of West Leisening,
four miles north of Uniontown, Pa, was, We'd
nesday the 2Cth, the scene Of the most terrific
explosion ever known in the Coke region. The
Connellsville Coal and Iron company, of which
Judge Leisening of Mauch Chunk is president,
has 200 coke ovens there, which have been in
operation about a year. The works give en-
ployment to about 100 men, and quite q little
town has sprung up named after the president
of the company. Coal is obtained by means of
a shaft, which reaches the mine 400 feet from
the surface. This morning part of the force
who had worked all night left the mines a little
after 3 clock, and seventy others took their
places making the usual morning shift About
$3.50 o'clock while the men were digging, sud-
denly, without any warning, there occurred an
explosion that convulsed the mine in every
apartment and threw the men into the utmost
CONSERVATION. The awful scene that ensued
among the Reconstruction miners cannot be
described. All their lamps were blown out and
they were left in darkness and confusion.
when they found themselves unable to breathe.
An explosion of. fire damp, : term which
miners apply to light carbonatoo hydrogen or
coal gas that issues in the roof of mines, left
the mine filled with after damp, which contains
no oxygen, and renders it impossible for life to
be sustained So dangerous was the after
damp that it was fully two hours before volun-
teers could enter the mines. The work of
rescuing men now went on rapidly by willing
volunteers, and at noon nineteen bodies had
been carried out The companys books were
then examined and the roll called, and it was
at once ascertained that all the men were &C
counted for
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28
3iauaxelk saA I;aalpae.

II. Curtin, chairman Of tho house committee
en- foreign Affairs, called on tho secretary Of
stats recently to ASCERTAIN what he could do
about the return Of the Iasker resolution. He
says he learned from the department that they
had no official information that the resolution
had been returned In the first place. he says,
the resolution was not sent to Bismarck, but to
tative body of the German government
"What do you think would be the effect il it
should prove trus that the resolution has been
.sThat,: he replied would depend upon the
manner In which it was done I do not think
manner" s.
'Do you think a. many prominent German
cite US to war;"
''That think more than likely. That ID the
most probable theory have heard"
do, n mat event what would this government
"What could they do?" was the quick retort
s'Send feet over there?" ironically 1T ia
is more than likely, if there is anythingatall in
the affair, Bismarck wants war;"
TEXT OF B1sMARCK's COMMUNICATION.
The action Of Bismarck in returning the res
olution of sympathy at the death Of Herr Las
ker continues to excite much comment in Ber-
lin. Friends Of the deceased statesmen in the
reichstag propose to demand Bismarck's ex-
PLANTATION of his course. The official Gazette
publishes the communication of Bismarck to
Won Eisendecker directing the return to the
American h0use of Representatives of its resO-
luton. Following is tho text:
Any recognition in foreign country Of the
the personal qualities of German, especially
when made by so important . body as the
house of representatives is gratifying to our
national feelings. should have gratefully &C
cepted the communication made by Minister
Sargent and should have asked the emperor to
empower me to present it to the reichstag, If
the resolution had not contained the opinion
regarding the object and effect of Lasker's po-
l!tical activity, which was opros ID to my con-
v1ctions According to my experience of the
political econoime development of the German
as one which events have wit
to oppose my Judgment to the opinion of such
an ilfustrious body as the house Of representa-
tives if I had not, by moro than thirty years
active participa ton in the internal policy OF
Germany, gained an experience which justified
me in attaching certain value to my judgment
in questions Of home affairs, cannot deter
mine to ask the emperor for the necessary
power to communicate the resolution to the
relchstag, because I should have officially to
advocate before the emperor an opinion which
l cannot recognize as correct
In conclusion Bismarck requests tho German
minister ut Washington to send the communi-
cation to Secretary Frelinghuysen, and return
to him the house resolution. The Kreuze
Zeitung, anti-Semitic, says: Bismarck's action
in the Lasker affair fills us with satisfaction.
Other conservative papers are silent regarding
the incident
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1884-02-28
How a Blizzard Approaches.

A Dakota paper gives the following descrip-
ton of the recent blizzard: "Until about 4:15
the day was sunny, pleasant, and with temper
ature as mild as spring. The streets were
filed with people-ladies promenading in the
enjoyment of the ethereal mildness.' Sudden
White e wall Of FROST and snow appeared in the
northwest It seemed as if the bluffs in that
direction had suddenly shot upward to q
height Of q thousand feet, so sudden and COM
pact did this icy wall appear. In a second of
time the storm burst with appalling fury, and
the windows which had 6y Of the
coated with cling snow on the outside, and
heavily frosted particles on the inside. The
air grew terribly cold, and was darkened by
flying frost and snow. The high walls of the
hotel directly, opposite were not to be seen. An
objects were hidden by the flying and rapidly
driven snow: People on the streets sought
shelter and the stores were temporarily used
for protection from the fierceness Of the howl
ing blast Darker grew the atmosphere to
such an extent that business in the Office was
stopped until lights were procured"