The Arizona champion., 1884-01-19
THE ATOMIC THEORY.


 which is now gaining adhcrents; 'In these latest times . theory has arisen which seems to give q mathe- nautical demonstration, of the indivsl- bility, or rather of the'' peculiar and eternal individuality of atoms. l refer to the vortex atoms of Sir William Thompson.
 Chemists can form an idea of this vortex motion by recalling to mind the rings which rise in still air whenever a bubble of phosphoretted hydrogen bursts upon the surface of the water, and the rings which certain smokers are able to make are familiar to all. An apparatus has been constructed by which they may be produced at Will. It is wooden box, one side of which is furnished with a circular opening and the otheI" formed of q tghtly-stretchcd cloth. In tic interior of the box fumes of sal ammoniac are. produced, which are driven ont by sharp blow on the elastic side X ring of smoke is then seen to issue from the opening and to move freely through tlie room. In this llllR dll lN iipllptl NANlNh'N'''N of the motion of translation, the smoke particles roll over each other and exc cute a rotatory mouon in every section of the ring. These motions take place from the interior toward the exterior of the ring, in the direction of the motion of translation, so that the entire mass of air, or the smoke which forms the ring, revolves continually round circular axis, which forms, as it were, the nucle- us ol the ring. There is this remarka- be fact in this rOtatory moton that all the particles which are situated upon one of the curves which can be drawn in each section of the ring are indis- solubly tied down to their circular paths and can never quit them; so that tho whole mass of the vortex ring will be always formed of the same particles. This theorem was proved by llelmholtz, in 1858. This eminent physicist has analysed the vortex motions which would exist in perfect fluid free from all friction. He has proved thatin such medium, vortex rings, bounded by a system of vortex lines, are formed of an invariable quantity of the same liquid molecules, so that the rings can move, and even change their form, without the connection of their constituent parts ever being broken. They will continue to revolve, and nothing will be able to separate them, divide them, or destroy them. Those existing in the liquid will exist there forever, and new ones can only be excited in it by a creative act.
 ''rie smoke-rings of which we have spoken above would give perfect rep resentation of these liquid vortex rings if they were formed and moved in per feet fluid. They are not so; but such as can be formed can serve for the demonstration of some properties oi matter in vortex motion. They are en- dowcd with elasticity and can change their form. The circle is their position of equilibrium and when their form is altered they oscillate round this position and finally reassume the circular form. But, if we try to cub them, they recede before the knife, or bend round it with out allowing themselves to be injured. They gave, therefore, a material repre- sentation of something which would be indiVisible. And when two rings meet each other, they behave like two solid elastic bodies. After the impact, they vibrate cnergetically. 1t is q singular fact that when two rings are moving ir the same direction, so that their centres are situated upon the same line ana their planes perpendicular to this line the hinder ring contracts continually whilst it's velocity increases; the ring il advance, on the contrary, expands and it's velocity decreases, until the other has passed it, when the sam, action rccommences, SO that the ring alternately pass though each other, but through all these changes of form anC velocity, each preserves its own individ uality, and these two circular masses 0 smoke move through the air as if the, were something perfectly distinct and in dependent. These curious experiment were made in England.
 IIclmholtz, therefore, has discovere, the fundamental properties of matter il vortex motion, and Sir William Thom SOl ndS Stdltu' IIllS Itilt'l llculuI are these vortex rings, which mov through it represent the universe. fluid fills all space, and what we cal matter are portions of this fluid whc are animated with vortex motion There are innumerable legions of yer small fractions or portions; but each ( these portions is perfectly limited, dis tinct from all others, not only in it's ow substance, but in its mass and its mod of motiOn-qualities which will pre- serve forever. These portions are atoms In the perfect medium which contain them all, none of them can change c disappear, none of them can be forme spontaneously. Evervwhere atoms ( the same kind are constituted after tn same fashion and are endowed with th same properties. It is well known, i fact, that the atoms of hydrogen yibrat exactly in the same periods, whether W heat them in Gcissler's tube, observ them in the sun or in the most distar ncbula." ....
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