New-York tribune., 1884-01-25
NEW PUBLICATIONS.
TIE SIZE OF TROY.

FRoyA Results fthe Latest Researches and Discovers
and other Size. made in the year $50 and na,INNe
OF journey in The Trosd In ISL bi ~ 1 saYGn
with l5o wood-cnts and maps ana pans' Pr f'@
Harper Brothers.
pTen years ago the belief OF the ciyillzco WIN
fast settling into conviction that the s'oI! VI ''
fall of Ilium sung by Homer was not neroi| Ho'o"
INT mythology With the usual tendency 10 "oS
root;sm enceudered by much nursing OF pet
.hoorv the comparative mythologists and the phil
oloc;sts and the historians combined in a great on.
sIanght upon the siege of Troy. Wolff had led the
attack but it was Grote who summed up All tnsI
The modern school of destructive criticism could
hiring together against the historical truth OF the
nor,et;ve and in Grotes footsteps followed
formidable throng of sceptical scholars. Max
Mullcr for example, was quite convinced at llls
time that the siege of Troy " is reelection OF the
5a1v siege of the East by the solar powers that
every evening are robbed of their brightest treas
nres in the West" The Rev. G. w. Cox declared
himself fully prepared to share the responsibility
which may be involved in this belief" and held that
Il was supported BY a mass of evidence when IL IS
almost impossible to strengthen" The adherents OF
the historical view found themselves pushed 10 'c
wall by the bOldneSs, confidence ana piasip'ii'y 4
the opposing theories. and poor old h"ner 10 i"9'
sinking into dsrepute as the mere retainer VI %
myth when il occurred TO one man 10 Go Vho 'i'"7
sense Su0ulu utNO o"=5N'''' >
Which had never occurred to the scholars OF Europe
Dr Schliemann. having made fortune In tIao''
bo,,ipc nrepared himself for the task by acquiring
,s,.yr of ancient and. modern Greek. and good
cre Of other languages devoted himself to the ex-
nloration of the Tr0ad, aud undertook, WIN spa"o
and pickaxe, to solve the problem which hao Pu@-
vle1 the students Of antiquity for centuries anu
which had been the topic of whole literature
barren and proftess for the most part rs the meta
nbvsc of the School. because founded upon g'a'u-
itous assumptions and false premises instead oi
upon facts.
The discoveries made by DR.. Schliemann at Ny
conn Tirvns and Hssarlik and the greater part Of
which have already been published, inevitably
created CONSERVATION and excited opposition among
whose who were committed to the legendary char
octer of the Trojan story For these discoveries all
tended TO produce conviction that Homer had de-
scrbed actual events, however affected by lapse oil
+;p,e and that on the bill of lliSSaruk had once
fourished the towers and temples OF proud IlohS
In his researches DR.. Schemaun found that no les
tbap six cities had in occupied the ste OF what
was believed to be the original Troy; that oi the
seven cities five were prehistoric; and that the
earliest carried discovery back to an antiquity more
,enote than ANYTHING of which adequate traces are
elsewhere 10 be found. In his last book, Hos
the autbOr gave very full description oi the mt'r
estina relics revealed by the excavations, but mp to
4bot time he labOred under mistake which II IS
one of the purposes of the present volume to recty
He then thought that the hill Of illSSailk contained
all of Troy, and yet he could hardly reconcie thl'
belief with the language OF Homer For Homer
olvavs smoke of Hum as great and important
city. and Hssarlib certainly could never nave
afforded space for such city In fact It wa
nroved To contain no more than half dozen bnild
ings. large ones no doubt, but evidently palaces
and TEMPLES not the 'OdeS OF conmondIty
,rben il occurred to Or. Schlemann that the town
of Hmm must have been situated on the pIaIh al
he foot of IISSlTlik, and he nj opce put l' lheolJ
20 tbe crncal rest of the spade. The rtsalt con-
ensive. lie found the walls of the old town on the
nlan. lie has even been able to fix the site OF the
Scpan Gate. where Achilles fell in accordance with
tba nronbecy of the dying hector. There was The
TOWN and around it were massive walls, with ilalk-
ing towers and in the midst Of it rose up the Per-
pamos the Citadel whereon stood the temples Ol
+ho gods and the palace of King Prlan Bnt Dr.
Scbliemann has made another very important DIS
covery since he published " Hos At hr>t ne was
led to conclude that the third city from the notion
was the Troy which had persisted from eoniagri-
+ion Int more careful examination has satisfied
him that the second city was the troy of Homer,
and also that the treasure described in loS" be-
lonps TO the second city and not TO the third as
there assumed The relation Of the treasure to the
Second city is shown by the traces of great heat
which il all bears. Every relic oi chat Troy oil
Homer has passed through a fierce conilagr1tion'
The fire which destroyed the proud city utterly was
80 hot and searching that every piece Of metal that
passed through it is melted or warped OF oXidzed
while the brick floors and what is left Of many OF
the wall-foundatIons are vitrfed
As TO the date of the destruction Of Troy, it is
probably not possible to fix 1t within couple OF
centuries. The evidence goes to show that it could
Ioav I,t..r the twelfth century be-
fore our era and that il not probably much
earlier than the fourteenth century. But whatever
the precse period the relics prove that the second
city of Hlssarlik dourishcd before the Ph@nclai
traders had found their way 70 the Iroad; bel""
the Chalddans and 'BabylOnianS had come lht'
prominence: at time 80 remote that the only
foreign traders having relations with the ltolan
were the Ilittitrs-that powerful people VINO di'
hattie with the Pharaohs. and whose sway was fell
from the Euphrates to the Egcan in the dim dawi
of history These sent their goods, ivory and orna
ments. and idols to Troy. and one Of the evidence
of their influence is leadcn IMAGE crude but IN
mistakable oftAe great goddess of ClTchemiNh, At6
Attn or Athena, as the Greeks called her, identity
ing her with their own goddess. Connected viii
The Worship of the ancient HIttte deity Is a very
curions symbol which has perpleNed arch@ologiSt
for wears and the full meaning OF winch is MOI We
apprehended. This is the stcdsfitG. or cross potee
which IS found not Only on tuc images VI AN'"I'O "
Ate but in so many other connections as TO almos
Justify the conclusion that It was at one time al
universal symbol 1t is related 10 prev Nedic Brah
manism in India. 1t is found on Jamte monu
ments. the Oldest in IEndu,tan. 1t is the origin o
The pattern known as the Greek meander. IL wa
used by the BabylonanS and the Egyptians, by tin
Hebrews and by the Scandinayians In the rcmain
of lthe GnOstics this mystic symbol is traced. an'
1t appears again among the medieval masons
marks From the Tock-cut temples Of India, from
the crnde Hittite imagas found on the site " Inm