Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1884-02-13
Farmers Institute at Chelsea.


MORNING SESSION.
Mr.. franklin Dearborn chosen chair
man. The address of welcome was then
given by ex-Lieut. Gov. Hinckley.
He cordially welcomed the, hoard 10
Chelsea; spoke of the needs of the sec.
ton, and desirable Improvements In meth
DDS and meansi lamented the manage
ment on many farms and hoped the day
for change for better was not far distant.
If Board could do anything to help this
on it will be good work. The reply
was by Loren P. Smith of Johannesburg
N. Y. His address was in substance as
followsi
We thank you through your speaker for
not be disappointed. The members of the
board are not walking cyclops 1ias Of
agriculture. ready to answer satisfac orily
every question brought before them. They
are all practical farmers and feel that
in every audience there are men who are
better able to speak on the subject pre-
scented than they. Would like 10 caution
you in regard 10 too great prejudice
against receiving new ideas. Farmers
are isolated, liable to be imposed on, sus-
picious; there is great variety in soil
climate and conditions; also in experiences
on same soil. New theories are regarded
necessarily with suspicion. Should give
new plans of Improvement careful and
candid consideration, and if good be ready
to adopt them,
We should forward every interest look
ing toward education. Should take two
or more newspapers, especially agricul.
tural papers; they are doing as much, OF
more, for educating the masses as any
other Influence. Should not think of let
ting best part of our farms lie idle. and
till poorer parts. So with our children
should cultivate their minds-the most
precious part of our possessions-and to
the best advantage and 10 lest purpose
Can't afford 10 work in this life with dull
tools. Good business men without educa
ton is at great disadvantage outside Of
his business. When we say we are afraid
if our boys are educated they will be
above work; this is bad comment on
the boys and shows them to be lacking
somewhere, if statement is true.
All meetings like these for discussion
and comparing experiences, are in The
line of education. We expect to be bene.
flied by you as much as you are By us.
An essay was then read by Mr.. L. P
Smith on "Pracllcal value of nitrogen il
farm economy" treating of the dflicultie
that surround the subject; the discoveries
and latest theories in regard TO it and o
the great value of the element of nitrogen
to the farmers, and the importance of ;
proper understanding CT the facts an(
principles in regard 10 it as far AS known
This was followed by MIR. Lane of Corn
wall, in some remarks on fertile llion and
clover plants.
1t has been found that three ingredient
are necessary--nitrogen, potash and phos
phoric acid; if one or two are lacking
there will not be good crop. One O.
more are usually lacking. Farmers shoult
experiment and find out which one o.
more is needed Thinks he can furnish
nitrogen to his soil cheaper than by buy
ing commercial fertilizers. 1t is the mos
expensive ingredient in our fertilizers, ant
value of our fertilizers has been to some
extent based on the amount of nitrogen
they contained.
Prof. Atwater found that the addition
Of "a per cent didn't pay, and a
amount increased loss was greater. Cal
get our nitrogen from our barnyard ma
nure; should be used with great care
Can also get it from clover. Shouldn
try TO farm without it. Roots Of II clover
crop are as good as u coat of manure.
Elk Governor Hinckley. Farmers her
say that ashes don't pay. People COM
here from Randolph and pay 30 cents
bushel, and say it pays them. Seems to-
bad to send off ashes if we can use then
TO advantage. Would like to know if
would pay here.
Mr. Lane. 1t was found that ashe
would double the hay crop in Walpole
N. II. In Pomlret, where ashes were ap
piled, it showed for 10 years alterward
even on top of a hill. Each one must ex
pertinent for himself.
Mr.. Lincoln. l dissolved bone going t.
compare with Bradley's phosphate. II
had tried both on corn and potatoes, an
the dissolved bone did good deal the bes
in each case.
Mr.. S. p. Smith. The difference be
tween dissolved bone and a superphosphat
is, that the phosphoric acid IN The phos
phate may come from Dissolved rock the
also add some nitrogen and potash.
Mr.. E. NJ. Brown planted four rows @
potatoes three and one-half feet apart IA
hills in rows, hills two feet apart in row.
Good Yield small. Tota
row. Nothing. 1857 lbs. ss!b lbs ll73
i S +. s :Hs s:4 ill., IL '"o'
Yield in favor of phosphate and again:
ashes.
Mr.. Walker spoke of piece of Ian
where ashes had been spread from pot
ash factory years ago. Over that spot tn
grain will lodge to-day.
AFTERNOON
Mr.. Henry Lane read an excellent pare
on Scientific Feeding" treating the sub
ject fully, in the light Of the most recen
developments. He spoke of the prime i'm
portance of proper relation between tn
albuminoids, car bo.hy dratcs and fats in tn
ration, depending of course on what W
are feeding for, whether for growth, i
young animals, for wool, for mix or 70
beef; gave the right proportions Tor thes
different rations and from charts contain
ing analyses of the various food stuffs an
fodder plants; showed how these ditferer
feeds should be combined. He then spok
of the different classes Of fa m animal
and how the ration should be varied t
suit each. The value of early maturit
was shown; pound of beef in the one
year old class, at the Chicago Fat Stoc
Show, cost les than one-half what it di
in the three-year-oId class.
This paper was followed by one o
Feeding for Profit, by L. P. Smith. TIL
was exemplified by an experience in fecc
ing milk cows. The object was the pre-
duction of milk for sale. TO insure arges
product of best quality with no waste {
fodder corn were fed according to Wolf
formula. viz: 2 1-2 lbs. albuminods.
1-2 lbs carbohydrates and 4-l0 of poun
of fat, for 1000 lbs, live weight. Cow
did remarkably well; most of them gain
ed all the time from Move bec till Apr
following. For example one raw-bonet
Iil-favored, farrow COW, 10-years-old
gained from 430 lbs. in "a 1-2 days ii
November. daily average of II 1-2 lbs
to 705 1-2 lbs. in April, an average ,
20 1-2 lbs per day; this during the 81
worst months in the year. Same rule bel
to greater or less extent with all cow
When a COW showed signs of getting f.
chm ohrunk in milk Weld Ghanuo in III