davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
PERSONAL.

NJ. \. Westcott, of Houston, is at the
| Windsor.
NJ. Grimes, of Denison, was in the city
yesterday.
c. d. Colger, of Baltimore, Md, is at
| the Windsor.
4. NJ. Jackson, Esq, of Austin, was in
the city yesterday.
Col. II. j. Brown, of Sherman, is regis
tered at the Windsor.
j. A. Slaughter, of Galveston, is stop
ping at the Windsor.
Rev. Edwin Wickens, of Palestine, is
a guest of the Windsor.
Mrs. A. Il. Erwin and son, of Pales-
tine, are at the Windsor.
Dr. d. IL. Benton returned yesterday
from u trip through the Indian territory.
w. +. Snyder, travelling passenger
agent of the Bee Line route, is in the
city.
James Elder, the popular representa-
tive of "Our New Thread is at the
| Windsor.
l.. +. Brown, of New York, and Prof.
NJ. Savage, of Little Rock, are guests ut
the Windsor.
S. Davis, of New York, and ID. II.
Smart, of Kansas City, are stopping at
the Windsor.
| Mrs. Dickson and Miss May Dickson
leave this morning for Ashevillc, y. c.,
to spend the summer.
Ernest lIertzog, the popular CONNER
cial salesman from Lynn, Mass, is reg
! isterod ut the Windsor.
j. i. English, of New York, and n. p.
] nI IN .
rivals at the Windsor.
John Howard of Collins a Towards
Northwest Texas Land and Cattle COM
pany, Wichita Falls, is in the city.
Judge Ferris, delegate from Ellis to
the National Democratic convention,
passed through yesterday, en- route to
/ Chicago.
His many friends will be glad to hear
| that Mr.. Archie Arlington has recovered
! from a severe spell of malarial fever, and
VIII leave this morning for tour Of the
State.
b. Il. Ayers, prominent Attorney of
Fort Worth, is in the city on legal bust
ness, guest of ID. A. Williams. Mr..
Ayers is u candidate for County Attor-
ney in Tarrant.
Mr.. James Nj. Orr, proprietor ofthe st.
James Hotel, accompanied by his FAM
lily, departed this morning for Coleman
county, and will remain during the
heated term. Mr.. II. NJ. James will be
in charge during the season.
Mr.. and Mrs. j. X. Johnson have re-
turned from Chicago and pleasant trip
through portion of the North, where
Mr.. Johnson combined business with
pleasure and induced some leading cap
italists to make trip TO the Lone Star
State for the purpose of investment.
Col. II. j. Brown, of Sherman, attorney
for the Missouri Pacific railway, who has
been in the city the past few days assist.
ing. County Attorney Clint in the prose.
cution of the cotton cases, left last even.
ing for home and will continue on this
morning MS delegate to the National
Democratic conventin ut Chicago.
At the st. George: ID N Crane, Sny.
der; Mrs. NJ. Jackson, Cleburne; L l.
Wyman, Wills Point; II II Stewart
Americas, Georgia; G b Colyer, Balti
more; III j Townsend, Ellis; John Rati.
can, Fort Worth; Il Matthews, G
Shive, Oxford, Mississippi; II b Wilson
Kemp; nj II Chimes, Denlson; CP Ohm
stead, Oaktield, New York; G NJ Bevins
Terrell; Miss Ella Ryan, Franklin, Ken.
tucky;J ] Gibbard, Wills Point; James
Kennedy, Chicago; George Cline, Me
Kinney A Cooke, Emory; G ii Bruce
Wills Point;J w Hooker, Hico; II Il
Wilson, Kemp.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
RURNET'S BULLETIN,

Personal-The Wool Market-"A Little
too miscellaneous.
BuRNET, July Especial. Mr.. Ed.
True, Of the Houston Il Texas Central
railway, was here to-day to look after
his interests in the matter of wool trans
portation. He was surprised at the
amount Of Burnet's business in this
line, and found out to his regret that he
had not come soon enough, the Inter
national Il Great Northern railway hay-
ing shipped 100000 pounds, and the Hous-
ton d Texas Central railroad only about
10000 pounds.
Two large shipments of Burnet granite
were received at the depot TODAY for
shipment to Austin, where they will be
dressed and shipped thence to the New
Orleans Exposition.
Miss Nora Boyd, one of Burnet's most
charming and accomplished young ladies
has, gone to Lampasas, on a visit of sew
eraleweeks.
Preparations are being made for local
celebration on the Fourth in the form OF
tournaments, picnics, ball and Other
lifting festivities.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
SPORTING SUNDRIES,
A CHANCE FOR JAY EVE SEE.
Dust from the Tony Tracks of the Country
The Professional Games of Yes
terday - Other Recreative
Records of Interest,
Sheepshead BAY.

NEW YORK, July To-day was the
eleventh and last of the Sheepshead
meeting. Weather fine and cool; track
good; attendance large.
First Race-Great 2-year-old sweep
stakes, three-fourths of mile; Krishna
won with ease; Cricket. second: Little
Savage, third. Time-l:l2. The winner
was bought for $200Oby Pierre Lorillard.
Second Race-Handicap sweepstakes.
for horses which have run and not won
during the meeting; mile and three fur
longs: Rambler took the lead and kept
it, winning by two lengths; Endymion,
second; Farewell, third. Time.2:24I/'
Third Race-Handicap sweepstakes,
one and one-fourth miles: Gonfalon
won in canter by three lengths;
Ghost, second; Mittie, third. Leo was
pulled up. -2;10A.
Fourth Race-The stirrup cup, free
handicap sweepstakes, two and one
eighth miles: Levant won easily; Drake
Garter, second; Chanticleer, third.
Time-3:49.
Fifth Race-The selling sweepstakes
for 3-years-olds and upwards, maximum
price placed at 5000 and minimum
100000, mile and one furlong: Breeze
led; King Fan, second. At the first turn
Wandering fell and threw his Jockey and
coming in collision with Brunswick
threw him out Of his stride, Hilarity
won easily by four lengths; Breeze, sec
ond, the same distance in front of INt-
ton. Time-l:4 6H, no bid for the winner.
Wandering's Jockeys injuries are
slight.
Sixth Race-Brooklyn steeplechasc,
null course; Wooster won; Major
Wheeler, second; Capt. Curry, third.
The last-named bolted when turning into
the home stretch. Time-G:27.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
The Southern Pacific.

Ell PAso, July Especial. The
washouts on the joint track of the Gal
weston, Harrisburg & San Antonio and
Texas ~ Pacific are being rapidly closed
and the transfer by wagons will be
shortened this week to five miles. Both
companies sell through tickets and no
additional charge is made for transfer.
Trains will run through on the 10th of
this month without fail. This iniorma-
ton is given by superintendent James
Campbell, of this division.
Mr.. Campbell has received telegram
from Mr.. Downe, General Manager of
the Central Pacific and all leased lines,
contradicting the rumors regarding the
postponemont of payment of wages to
employees. The pay car will leave San
! Francisco not later than the 10th of July
and he sent over the line to make pay
ment to all employees.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
ss1l HSE SPECIAL SPRAY.
Minor News Items of Yesterday Wired b,
the Herald's Special Correspondents.

Minor News Items of Yesterday Wired by
the Herald's Special Correspondents.
The drouth is seriously iniuring cot
ton in Travis county.
The brick masons of Mount Pleasant
are hauling brick to commence work on
the store for Morris Il Son.
An interesting religious revival is in
progress at the Baptist church in Green
vile. So far four have joined by ritual.
Cattle in carload lots are being ship
ped from Greenyille. Rain will soon be
needed in that section, as it is now get
ting dry and dusty.
The glorious Fourth will be celebrated
in time-honored style in several COM
munities of Hunt county, hence a sharp
demand for sky-scraping oratory.
A large party of ladies and gentlemen
left Mount Pleasant yesterday for the
Dalby Springs, near Bassett station.
These springs are getting popular as Il
health resort.
| Fort Worth is in trouble about where
to bury filth. One Judgment has been
obtained and others feared. A creama-
tory seems the only way out of the
trouble.
A Terrell telegram says: Gen. Griffith
and Miss Carrie Lockland, his cousin
left for Eureka Springs at noon. Miss
Lockland is a daughter of Judge Mormon
Lockland, Of Mexico, Missouri. She has
been visiting here several months, and
IS most charming young lady. She
has left many warm friends behind. Also
Miss Cora Brown, Il cousin of Charles T.
Hill, who has been visiting here fol
several weeks, left for Marshall on the
noon train. Miss Brown is charming
young lady, many warm friends regret
| ting her departure from Terrell.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
Tone of the stock Market.

Tone of the Stock Market.
NEW York, July l.-Govemments
strong and in demand.
Railways firm.
State securities quiet.
Speculation at the Stock Exchange
opened barely steady and soon weak
ened. Prices declined L@lL per cent.
on fear that some railroad companies
would default on interest payments.
When II became known that Northern
Pacific and other companies were meet
ing their interest charges promptly and
that the Denver Il Rio Grande was the
only road of Importance which
had detaulted, buoyant feeling
prevailed, The fact that Wabash
receipts were paying interest on Il larger
number ofbonds than expected also had a
favorable effect. This restored confidence
in great measure, and considerable stot L
was taken for long account. Prices rose
= to AZ per cent, There were reactions
Mt intervals, but each decline brought in
new buying orders, and the market
closed strong, Compared with last
night, the closing prices are y to AZ per
cent. higher, except for New Jersey Cen
trail, which Is a per cent. lower. Trans.
actions, $4,000 shares.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
FROM HOUSTON.
An Episode ina streot-Car.

Houston, July |. Special - Last
evening about $3.50 o'clock, as the Fan
min stroet-car was going west, COM
fortably filed with passengers, an incl
dent occurred not exactly in the line of
usual transactions in railroad circles.
The car, which was driven by Charles
Lamonda, contained several passengers,
including three ladies, one of whom
showed evident signs of being
rather unwell. As the car
approached Lamar street II
was stopped by one of the ladies, and
the gentlemen passengers were request
ed TO vacate. The astute driver, divin-
ing the cause OF the commotion, un-
hitched his mules and left the car to the
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02

sole control of the three ladies. What
TRANSFERRED during the remaining ten
minutes the three ladies only know. but
suffice 1t to say that when the driver
was again called to take
charge of the car, there were
four instead of three occupants; the
lady in the meantime having given birth
to bouncing boy. When the car
reached the corner of Peasc street the
ladies alighted, one of them CARRYING
wrapped up in the folds of her
dress the little stranger and
the other supporting the mother. 1t is
not proper or desirable that the name
OF the lady should be given but the facts
may be eaSilY verified.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
An Eminent Physician.

DR.. a. p. Davis starts this morning on
II trip through Northeastern Texas,
where he has numerous eye patients,
thence on pleasure trip through In
diana, stopping at Terre Haute, his old
home, thence to Illinois to visit rela-
tives. He will be gone four to six
weeks, when he expects to return to
Dallas to arrange business to settle
down somewhere in Texas to practice
his specially (eye and carr. He
leaves many warm friends here,
won by gentlemanly courtesy,
and is regarded as a very eminent ply
stefan by host OF patrons in this city
and surrounding country. A staunch
and able defendant of homeopathy and
worthy the esteem and confidence of all
respectable people. He leaves his mantle
to fall on his successors, Drs. Smith and
Davis, and bids all kind adieu, hoping
that the same confidence in the system
so well and ably introduced, will be con-
tinued to the firm of Drs. Smith q Davis
and that the intelligent people of this
county will never have cause to regret
having espoused homeopathy.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
" INTEREST DAY. ;"
THE CRUCIAL TEST APPLIED
The Denver & Rio Grande the Only I'm.
portant Road to Default--The 9th
ers Pay Like Little Men
Railway Miscellany.
Scenes in Wall Street

NEW YORK, July Northern Pacific
is paying interest, amounting to $l,2ll,-
355.
At the Denver IL Rio Grand Office
stated earnings were insufficient to meet
the interest due to-day, which will be
defaulted. The amount due is $655,9l7
on consolidated bonds.
The street presents quite an animated
appearance, and at TIE offices of the fiscal
agents of the various railway companies
large crowds of b0ndholders are assem-
bled. Roads defaulting on interest are
few. The Wabash receivers advertised
the payment of interest on large num-
Der oftheir branch lines, also on Wabash
rs of 1879; ditto funded debt bonds and
ditto funded debt bonds graduated.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
SPAIN.
THE CUBAN PROBLEM.

MADRID, July In the Deputies,
'aldOzera introduced bill for the i'm
rovement Of the affairs of Cuba. The
rincipal clauses propose reduction of
xport and an increase of import duties
II sugar, and direct Spain to negotiate
eW treaties of commerce in Cuba'S in
crest with foreign nations. Other
lauseS effect economies in the Cuban
udget and provide for conversion of the
uban debt.
CUBA-FosTER AND CASTELAR,,
In the Senate Prime Minister CASTELAR,
tated that Spain had absolutely no in
9ntion to sell Cuba.
An important interview was held YES
erday between American Minister Fos-
II CASTELAR, and Senior Elduagen, minis
II Of foreign affairs. The Spanish minis
ers showed a desire to arrive at an
quitable commerce arrangement Eos
er assured them that America was ami
lated with amicable views regarding
:ade with Cuba and as far as possible
-ould feel inclined to meet the views of
pain and Cuba. He declared America
ad no desire to annex Cuba, now nor at
ny future time. America had no
'ish to assume further political respon-
lDlllty. lie thought, however that
omething must be done with Cuba
uickly. Mexico was already import
lg sugar into America free. Unless
uba and the English West Indies
ecured equal terms, it was evident that
heir best market was lost.
IN EARNEST.
The Spanish government is dissatis-
atisfied with the precautions by Eng
IL go 41,., IL. 4.
)re ordered all vessels arriving at
panish ports direct from England to
e detained three days; those from
,ngland by the way of now infected
'rench ports will be subject to seven
avs quarantine; those by way of in
ected Franch ports, ten days, if they
ave had a clean bill of health; if not,
fifteen days. The same conditions will
lpply to vessels from England which
axe passengers, baggage or goods from
vessels from France.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02

management of leading brewer compa-
MES and the Germans will resist the
move, together with 1000 saloon-keen-
ers now licensed. The law has hereto
fore been utterly disregarded, every
form of liquor interest being wide open.
The first and test case will be that of
the saloon called the"Y. NC. A." which
opened last week next door to the Young
Mems Christian Association and took
that name. Association members were
strenuous in opposition to the granting
OF license to this saloon, but the council
sided with the aloon-keeser.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
= CAL0W CHOLERA.
ITS PRGRESS HAS BEEN STAYED.
Foster rying to Make "Dicker" OF
Cub A Wave of Conservatism
seeplng Over England-The
Jewish Persecution.
FRANCE.
CHOLERA CHRoNIcLEs.


PAS, July 1.-Three deaths from
eholel at Marseilles last night; four al
Toull. The railway stations in both
citieare filled with refugees. Italy has
sent transports to take Italians home
froDthe plague-stricken cities.
TOOK TO THE WOODS.
TULoN, July 1.-The captain and en-.
tirerew, including the sick men, of the
!stemer Mistral abandoned the vessel
Yant took to the woods. Gems darmes
arsearching for them.
ORDERED GUARANTEED.
bULoN, July 1.-The steamer Mistral
frm Marseilles with case of cholera
.hs been ordered quarantined.
YESTERDAYS DEATH RATE.
TX deaths from cholera here between
Gust night and noon to-day.
THE DEPUTIES.
'ARIs, July 1.-The Chamber of Depu.
It's has adopted the first clause of bill
f. the revision of the constitution, of af
fming the eXpediency of revision
a to sos. The Chamber rejected al
amendment abolishing the Office
resident. AndrieuX proposed to ado
} the clause two provisions prohibiting
lembers of former reigning families
'om becoming eligible to the office o
resident. Prime Minister Ferry agreed
the adoption of the provision.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
WASHINGTON Park Races.

CHICAGO, July l.-Attendance at the
race meeting at Washington Park was
large; weather warm; track good.
First Race-Purse $500, all ages, mile
and turlong. After a.driving finish The
Admiral won by length, Gen. Harding,
two lengths in front of Templehof.
Time-i:52.
Second Race-Kenwood stakes, sweep
stakes, for two-year-old colts, foaled in
1882, five furlongs; starters-Favor, Red
stone, Troubadour, Verona, Isaac Muir
ply, Joe Cotton, Middlesex and jim
Guest. Isaac Murphy took the lead ;
Troubadour, second; Favor, third; Red
stone, fourth, half length apart.
These positions were unchanged into
the stretch, where Verona moved up.
The leaders then ran well in line; Isaac
Murphy came on and won in band by
two lengths; Verona, second; Troubled
dOur, third. Time-l:qH. The net
value of stake to winner was $500.
Third Race - lakewood handicap
sweepstakes, for all ages, mile and fur
long. Strickland led into the stretch,
apparently full of running, but in
a moment stopped, as if shot
As the field turned into stretch
Fostral came with a rushing, getting
even with Ada Glen; Cardinal McCloskey
and Sovereign Pat all in line. Fostra
came through without trouble, and wor
by one-half Il length; Ada Glen, second
a length in front of Matte, third. Time
-l:jSA.
Fourth Raco-Purse 5000, mile heats
first heat, Cleaner won by three lengths
Centerville, second; Bonnie Australian
third; Dick Brown, distanced. Time
l:16l5. Second heat, Cleaner again won
handily; Bonnie Australian, second
Lizzie, third; Nirgie Hearn, distanced
Time: i5A.
Fifth Race-Steeplechase, full course
Major Pickett won by four lengths
Ohio Boy, second; Miss Moulsey, poo
third. The horses We're all very tired
the course was long and hard. Time
500. Net value Of the lakewood handi
cap, %,305.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
Fourth of July Celebration.

The Fourth of July will be duly cele-
bratcd ut Meisterhans' Pavilion by a
grand concert in the afternoon. Meme
Bros. complete splendid orchestra is en-
gagged for the occasion.
If you want to keep cool and enjoy
yourself on the Fourth, don't fail to go
to McistGrhuns' Pavilion.
A caroussell will be on the ground
for the enjoyment of the little ones.
CHAS. MEISTERHANS.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
CROPS.
About Howe.

HOWE, July Especial. Harvesting
is about over and threshing has begun
in earnest. Steam threshcrs can be
heard in all directions. The first new
wheat was shipped to-day, by j. NJ. Gull
yer, consigned to T.. b. NAPLES a Co.,
sherman. The yield per acre of wheat
will average - bushels. Oats will aver
ope rs bushels.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
WISE COUNTY NOTES.
Exnnslilon Enthusiasm.

DECATUR, July l.-lSpecial.l Mrs. NJ.
c. Winkler, of Corsicana, at the request
of Col. Booth, Commissioner to New
orleans from this district, came TO De-
catur to-day and organized Ladies EN-
position society, with Mrs. b. NJ. Weak
ley, President. She addressed the soci-
ETY. and aroused quite an enthusiasm.
The ladies of Decatur will go TO work
with will TO make u creditable display
of woman's work, thus showing the in
telligence and refinement of our people.
There will be fine display Of the agri-
cultural and mineral production of Wise
county ut the New Orleans Exposition.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02

Alta regular meeting of Trinity Lodge
No. los, /. o. o. f., held last night, the
following officers were installed for the
ensuing term; j. II. Witt, n. c.; d. b.
Horn, ID. c.; d. L. Sullivan, r. S.; Il.
Stiner, Treasurer; II. III. Purdy, W.; g..
i. Godsoy, CT w. Illingsworth, II. s. n.
e.; j. II. Farrell, l.. 5. n. c.;
L. 5. Thatcher, II. S. V. c.; j. NJ.
Dixon, L. :. V. G.; l.. Ii. Miller, o. q. +;
=. :. Taylor, /. c.; Fred Holloway, II.
Il. Wilson, s. :. After the installation
ceremonies, the members were enter
tanned by speeches and banquet ten
dered by the officers installed.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
In Wise County.

DECATUR, July Especial r. The
crop prospects of Wise county were
never BETTER and peace and contentment
Is written on every countenance. Many
strangers prospecting for homes are ar
irving daily
Col. Booth, who arrived home to-day
from South Texas, says the crops are
promising wherever he has boon.
school have elected full faculty of able
teachers and the school will open Sep.
tember LIST under suspicious circum-
stances.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
A JOURNALISTIC JAR.
sunny south vs.. Examiner.

WACO, July l.-lSpecial. J. The Ex-
aminer appeared this morning, four
pages, six columns to the page, rather
badly printed, the space chiefly devoted
TO a statement of its grievances against
the Sunny South Publishing company,
which Is charged with bad faith and
downright swindling. The managers of
the Examiner say their paper win now
; continue publication and be enlarged rs
patronage warrants. Their statement
has created quite sensation in the com
munity, rather sympathetic for the EX-
aminer. The Sunny South will reply in
the morning denying the charge.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
Didn't Default.

NEW YORK, July 1.--At the Union
Pacific offices all interest due is being
paid.
Missouri Pacific officials are paying
dividends and interest. The interest on
Iron Mountain and Missouri, Kansas q
Texas is being paid, and coupons of the
Texas Il Pacific, New Orleans division,
are being taken up.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
The Reading,s Record.

PHILADELPHIA, July l.--Proiits of the
Philadelphia IL Reading railroad and
Coal and Iron companies, for the year
ending June LIST, show an increase over
previous year of Sl5S, 10. Quite crowd
was at several city banks to-day where
interest and dividends were being paid
The amount disbursed in the city is
estimated at fully $lll,0O0.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02

There are many cheap cosmetics of
fered for sale which claim to contain
nothing injurious to the skin. This is all
bosh; all, or very nearly all, are COM
pounded from the most dclcterious and
poisonous drugs in the materin medicn;
they destroy the vitality of the skin,
making the consumer prematurely with
cred and old. ]. A. Pozzoni guarantees
AIS medcated complexion powder en-
Irely free from all injurious matter.
Use none other and YOU will never re-
'gret. Price 80 cents and 81 per box.
Sold by all druggists and perfumers.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02
The Mnbnsh-Latest Kumors.

CHICAGO, July 1.-The statement is
made that the position Of general man
ager of the Wabash road has been ten
dered to Joseph +. Tucker, late of the
Illinois Central road, and in case of his
acceptance ii is expected the general Of
fees of the road will be removed to this
ritV
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1884-07-02

Texas cities and towns are taking
more interest than II was first thought
they would, in the Worlds Exposition.
From present indications the prospects
are that Texas will be better represented
there than any other state in the Union.
This is as II should be.-lWaco Ex-
aminer.