The Labor enquirer., 1884-08-09

alons ST Ills melnbeh Is I, oppressed.
There Is oppression neainst every Ineni-
her Of it. 1hen the social body is op
pressed. When the government violates
he.rights Of tho people. insurrection IS
or the people and for every portion Of
he peoplethe most sacred Of rights and
he most Indispensable of duties When
he social contract fails to protect citi-
ZEN he reaumes his natural right to de-
end personally all his rights. In either
5f the two preceding cases, TO subject TO
;epal forms the resistance to oppression
Is the last refinement to tyranny, and Is
both infamousand void.
XIV.
Public functions cannot be considered
IS distinctions nor as recompenses, but
IS public duties, The people ought, as
far as possible, to govern themselves
without the interpretation of delegates or
representatives. But when these repre-
sentatives are necessary they must be
selected by such system as will insure
their being real and not pretended mi
rocoems Of their constituents. The
rimes Of such representatives should
be severely punished. The people have
I, right to know the operations Of their
lelegates, and it is the duty Of the latter
q render to the people faithful ac-
.ount of their behavior.
XVI.
Men of all countries are brothers, and
he people of each ought to yield one
mother mutual aid, according to their
,bility, like citizens Of the same state.
He who opposes OF oppresses one peo-
lie is the declared enemy of all. Those
Who make war on people to arrest the
,rogress of liberty and to annihilate the
lights of man ought to be pursued every
where, not as ordinary criminals but as
ncial outlaws, assassins and robbers.
Kings, aristocrats, tyrants of every de-
cription are beasts dangerous to the
Welfare of mankind, and against them
should be raiseil the hand of every man.
y XVII.
The conditions which will establish
universal happiness upon earth consist
in the free endowment OF the natural
rights Of man, combined with the eyer.
else of all his faculties upon the highest
plane of mental, moral and physical
worth. The best guarantee of the ex-
istence and perpetuity of these condi-
tions is the loftiest possible elevation of
humanity. III There will arrive time, if
progress be not impeded, when govern
ments will be useless To advance that
time, education seems to be the main
factor. Hence, what prevents or con-
strains the spread of intelligence is tyr
annous and unjust.
XVIII.
Governments, as at present existing
are machines used for the purpose of
enslaying the people. Such machines
should be abolished and society be per
mitted to reorganize upon principles OF
equality. The people being too much
governed, all statute or common law,
except broad and simple declarations OF
principles and rights, should be abolish
ed. These principles should be inter
pieted not by infamous precedent, but
by the light Of common sense, to secure
Justice to all.
XIX.
Neither sex, age, color nor condition
should ever be made barriers against
equal and exact Justice,
20 XXX.
Suppress the right of increase claimed
by the proprietor over anything which
he has stamped as his own property
while maintaining possession, and by
this simple change law, government,
economy and institutions will be revolu-
tionized and evil be driven from the face
of the earth. ~
DECLARATION.
4 We believe firmly, that as necessary
siep in advance to that condition Of per-
feet Fan-archy" when governments shall
be no longer needed, it is imperative
that the present competitive system of
industry and the socialstructure depend
ent thereon be abolished, and that in its
place shall be substituted a system of
governmental cooperation in all matters
of mental, moral and physical eonstruc-
ton and elevation.
We believe in fact that the present
system necessarily is prophetic of fu-
ture revolution, which must either result
in greater and freer condition, or will
plunge our present civilization back into
barbarism.
We affirm that, believing this, it is our
duty to prepare for the impending con-
fict =; TO lead it when it shall break upon
us, and to bend every energy to SO direct
it as to secure as its result the establish
ment of! aproper system of government
tal cooperation. a# y. "a
1--WE affirm, furthermore, that all the
resources of science should be enlisted
in the battle to insure success and the,
welfare of the people of the world.
We declare further that action ought
TO be both international and simulta-
neous. H. ~
It will be remembered that in 1872, at
the Congress of the International held
at Hague, first arose the dissensions
which have since divided our ranks. It
was at this session that Bakounine was
expelled and carried with him thirty of
the delegates, with the aid of whom he
established what has since been called
the Black International, as opposed to
those who remained, the Red. The be-
lief of the Red was in the gradual edu-
cation Of the people and in taking no
forcible action until all the world was
prepared the belief of the Blacks was
in the total abolition of all present
forms of government by force.
The news Of this division when
brought to Bismarck provoked from him
this historical remark Crowned heads,
wealth and privilege well may tremble
should ever again the Black and Red
unite r.
There exists now no great obstacle to
that unity. The work of peaceful edu-
cation and revolutionary conspiracy we'll
can and ought to run In parallel lines.
The day has come for solidarity. Hol
Reds and Blacks, thy flags are flying
side by side Let the drum beat outde-
family the roll of battle. @Workingmen
of all lands, unitei- You have nothing
to lose but your chains; you have a
world to win II