The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1884-06-01

Tho o'ssrssl. At the uai-er.'sI.. in 1881

Sse Ossbreaks at the Universities In fee1-
How Students Are ExiIed.
Inc troubles which began at the end Of
IoSz extended over nearly the whole Of
scnoiastic Russia. They began ia the far
east AZ the University OF Kazan. Tfrsotf,
,ne rector, deprived young man named
,o,onson OF his bursary, thing which
nc haa no right to do, the bursa-y having
oeen granted by the zemstvo OF Voron-
<on naive province. Voronzoff was SO
exnspersted that he publicly boxed the
'ectors ears. In ordinary circumstances.
ana In weII-ordered university, an outrage
80 gross would have provoked general in.
dignation, and the students themselves
would have punished the offender. But the
fectors despotic rule had rendered bim 20
unpopular that OH the day OF Voronzoff,s
expulsion the stUdents-gome six hundred
IN number broke open the assembly-room.
held a meeting. and passed resolutions de-
handing the revocation OF Voronzof,s ex-
puision and the dismissal OF Professor
1irsoh. The protector yainly tried to dis
solve the meeting, violent speeches were
made, and before dispensing the students
resolved to meet again on the following
day. On this the heads OF the University
applied to the governor OF the province for
the means OF restoring order, and the great
man promptly placed at their disposal seve-
raj companies Of infantry and large force
OF police. a few days later il was an
nounced that complete tranquility reigned
at the University OF Kazan. But the papers
| that made this announcement were forbid
den. under pain OF suppression. TO men,
ton in what manner the pacifcation was
| brought about-that the rebellious stu
4 nh
| the ground. dragged about by the hair OF
their heads, and many Of them hauled to
prison. Despite the interdict laid on the
press these facts were quickly bruited
about. On November Sth las Is set forth
In the official report Photographic copies
OF letter from one OF the Kazan students,
! giving full account OF the affair, were
circulated among the students OF ST. Pc
tersburg, and caused naturally a great sem
sation. On the 18th Photographic circu-
lars were issued calling general meeting
OF the st. Petersburg students TO protest
| against the outrages inflicted on their COM
rades OF Kazan. When the students pre-
sented themselves at the place OF meeting,
the police, who appeared IN force, ordered
them TO disperse, and on their refusal to
| obey $50 OF their number were arrested
and conducted 10 prison. The day after
orders went forth for the provisional
closing OF the University.
The outbreaks at St. Petersburg and
Kazan were speedily followed by similar
scenes in other university towns. On No
vember 18th there were disturbances at
Kieff, and on the 18th and 18th at Karkoff
At the latter place they were so serious
that the military had to be employed for
their suppression, and many arrests were
made. Almost at the same time troubles
beiel in the iuridical school OF Yaroslavle,
and few days later at the forest school OF
Moscow. At all these places events fol-
lowed in the same order-agitations, meet
ings, forcible dispersions, arrests, and
then provisional cessation of lectures.
Disorders are Of frequent occurrence in
all the universities and superior scholastic
institutions OF the empire. Not year
passes that several do not come TO pass in
different parts OF Russia. And every one
OF these outbreaks, whether appeased by
the exhortations Of the professors or sup
pressed by Cossack whips, entails inevita-
bly, the expulsion OF q crowd Of students.
In some cases fifty are expelled, in others
one hundred, and even more than one
hundred. The troubles OF October and
November, 1882, caused the expulsion
OF six hundred. The tribunal which
orders the expusions-that is to say,
the council Of proiessors-diyides the
offenders into several categories. The
" leaders" and "instigators are con-
demned 10 perpetual expulsion and denied
the right OF entering thereafter any SUI
perior school whatever. Others are ex-
PEELED for term varying from twelve
months to three years. The lightest penalty
10
away"-a sentence which, in theory at
least. does not prevent the offender from
entering at once some other university.
In reality, however, there is very little
difference between one sort OF punishment
and another. "The police" says the re-
port OF the st. Petersburg professors
which have already cited, regard every
disturbance that occurs in the university
as a political movement. Every student
who NAV be condemned, even 10 slight
punishment, becomes q political suspect,
and to every Russian suspect there is dealt
the same measure-eXile by administrative
order. Penalties inflicted for the merest
breaches OF scholastic discipline may be
aggravated by administrative exile. After
the disorders OF 1869 all the students sent
AWAY for year, as well as those definitely
eXDeileU, were ll1luCuldlSig N-NhNu1 NHe
after the late disturbances Decemoer,
1879 the rector was compelled to furnish
the chiei-of-police Of the quarter with the
names OF all students who mad ever appear
ed before the University tribunal, even
though they might not have been punish
ed lin order that they, too, might be ex-
iled)."
1t is impossible to dwell here on the con-
sequences entailed by a sentence OF I" adj
ministrative exile" whereby is, OF course,
meant exile without trial. The question
could only be treated eXhaustvely in spe-
cial article. Yet two facts may be men-
tioned-that the exile may be prolonged
indefinitely Qt always lasts several years.,
and that the place OF exile is invariably
some little country town or remote half
savage village. as destitute OF intellectual
life as OF the ordinary resources OF Euro
pean civilization. For young man whose
education is not yet finished exile by adj
ministrative order means moral ruin and
utter extinction Of all hope OF happy fu-
tlre or useful career" Stepntd6," IN
London Times.
The LulI I'm English Literature.
1.-THE Spectator.i
The lull in the production OF flrst-class