Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1884-02-14

ID W6n as the elnp3OyeO-re4ulIlUE
certain number of hours IN the summer and
a certain number in the winter Of labor to be
performed, and a forfeiture in failure to do
so. All the railroad and manufacturing com
panles adopt this course, in substance, and II
Is less difficult for them to procure and keep
labor, although their work is harder than the
farmer, which no doubt is greatly owing TO
the promptness, punctualitg and strlctness
required and observed by these corporations
and companies. The system of labor most
suitable and profitable to farming has been a
subject OF much discussion, and Is yet an
unsettled question; yet II IS now well settled
that strlctness. kindness and exact justice in
contracts and in settlements Is the most sue
cessiul way of managing an labOrers.
Nhen you are supplied with land, stock,
implements andlabOr another important ques
ton ARIES. 1t is this: 'HOlc and IN lCbGt pro-
Dortton SbdN tie farm be diCide6 and pkdnfedY'
This must be decided at once, and must de-
pend mostly on the condition and quality of
the land and surrounding circumstances,
Nhlcn every one must decide for himself. He
can DO this better than any one else for him,
aFalllng himself OF every opportunity TO get
information and advice from others who have
more experience and knowledge than himself.
one thing. however. may be settled without
debate, and that is the preparation should De
commenced edr1y so that when the seasons
come to plant everything Will be in readiness
for1t, always bearing in mind that there is
season Jor planting something ecery month in
the gear in almost every section of Georgia,
ana II II Is done 1t viii insure a good crop
where proper cultivation is applied. While
TINS variety Of crops, with proper manage
ment. need not interfere with each other but
0n-the contrary may be so arranged that the
change and the passing from the work of one
to the other would afford recreation and
pleasure IN conformity with the wise purposes
of the Great Am when he created US and
gave us dominion over all things.
In planning or pitching the crops it ought
to be 20 divided that One-third or more should
be devoted to oats, wheat, barley and rye, in
addition ID small patches well fertiIzed and
planted early for grazing purposes, one-third
IN corn and One-third in cotton, changing and
rotating the crops from year to year, which
would prevent injury to the land and make
it grow better. IL would be still wiser where
the quantity of land is sufficient to divide 1t
equally into four parts, and let one-fOurth lay
out ana rest every year. NO argument IS
necessary now to demonstrate this PROPOSE
ton. The truth of it can be verified by many
who have tried it. And yet there are many
who fail TO observe it, and go on from year to
year planting the same fields in cotton and
the same small patches in corn, buying guanO
at great trouble and expense to feed their eX-
hausted lands. that might be saved and made
rich without guano and without special labor
by simply rotating the crops. the growth of
one crop making 1t better for the growth Of
another the next, as has been fully illustrated
In the essays of PrOfs. Browne and White, of
the state University, and others, as well as
by experiments.
In the cultivation of crop another general
rule should be strictly observed; never waste
time in working land that will not produce.
II it can't be enriched and prepared so as to
ODs
er you have enough to employ the whole time
or not. Don strike lick anywhere with
out prospect of remuneration. If you can't
get the best, take what you can without de-
lay, and more o. promptly and with dis
patch.
As to the manner of preparing the land,
blowing the time of planting and mode of
culture. this must vary, and depends much
upon the quality and condition of the soil.
Often it is very different on the same planta-
ton. and requiring different modes Of culture.
A suitable season for ore may be very insult
able for another, which, instead of being
disadvantage, is a great benefit, for on such
farm the occupant is never without an oppOr-
tunty of doing profitable work on some part
of it.. lie should thoroughly understand the
peculiar characteristics of each plat of ground.
what it needs and how it should be plOWed
and cultivated during the year, and strictly
adhered to- His system should be as perfect
as possible, linked and Joined together under
uniform complete rules as whole, making ar
FT3qe0eRts in Gd0dnce for any possible elaeF-
geHcy that may happen by changes in the
weather. the seasons, or otherwise. Care
should be taken to avoid crowdin{r the work
of one month into another. "N0thtRg that can
be done to-day should De postponed until an
Other time" By observing this rule farmer
Will seldom ever be crowded or confused in
his business, but will have ample txgne for
everything to be done pleasantly and without
distraction.
In every movement there must be DronDt-
ness and dispatch IN executing Well-prepared
system, the neglect of which is sure to be fol-
lowed with the same disastrous consequences
resulting from neglect and want of system in
the management Of railroads, steamboats,, and
great manufacturing establishments, run by
complicated machinery, When accidents
happen to interfere with the regular schedule
OF Well-deVIsed system, the injury Is soon
repaired, and all move on again with the same
ease and success as before it occurred
SO it should be with the farmer when he is
visited by hall and storm, cyclones and floods
cold, freezes or droughts, or any other disaster
He should be ready for the emergency, which
can be met with comparative ease by timely
energetic action of the mind as well as the
body. without forethOught and preparation
the least little unfortunate occurrence dis
joints everything, and throws it into one gem
eral mass of confusion and utter failure.
In gathering and sdgiRg tie crop system is
necessary, as well as in making it, and should
be done as quick after maturity as possible to
prevent waste, having it securely housed,
plus crops in market Immediately:
applying the proceeds, first to the paying OF
debts-if there should be any-and there
need not be any, or at least not amounting
to much. But if there is indebtedness it is
the more important to sell and stop shrinkage.
waste, risks and interest, and then apply the
remainder to wise Investments to promote
the health, comfort and happiness of the fam
lily and increase the annual Income of the es-
tate-holding fast to the money until fully
satisfied the investment is better than the
money, and will yield safer, surer income,
avoiding extravaganza and waste, living in
style corresponding a5itb tie Income, so as not
to consume it-all in living, being Indifferent
or independent as to how the neighbOrs or
anybody else may live, for their income may
justify a very different amount of expendi-
lures and style of living, 1t is far more hon
Orable to live within our means than to go
beyond It, In fact, knowingly going beyond
it, without some well matured plans to meet
it, is certainly dishonorable-ocry disAOnOra-
Die. Many failures have been caused by en-
deavOring to live in style equal TO others. No
one can succeed or win, in such race. 1t is
folly to try it.
With these facts staring them full in the
face, many heedlessly. yes. recklessly, con-
tnue the race until they are run to death,
and fainting they fdU to rise no more Let
their sad fate admOnish us to pursue a differ
ent course.
Each should have their own system. en-
bracng their own style of living suitable to
their own means and conditions.
With proper system and well matured plans
each and every farmer in this country may be /
as happy as Prince. for he can produce all
the Injuries as well as neeessaries of life on
his own premlses-yes, his olon preHiseS-for |
every one, by the fruit of his own labor, pro-
perry saved and managed, can soon make 1
money enough to buy himself a nice, cOmfOr-
table home, or land on which he can build and |
improve, according to his MEANS from time to
time, and adorn it with beautiful gardens,
vineyards and fish ponds.
On every farm the system adopted should !
specify the work for each member of the
famiiy-sOmething for the man. some
thing for the wife and something for the
NLlhitus VI WuOiis tIlduhS 10 Il gracious
Providence, there is generally a pretty |
good supply, with rosy, healthy cheeks, |
strong arms and buoyant hearts. Work
should be assigned to each for each day
in one perfect system, all impressed with the
benefits and beauty of order, promptness and
punctuality. Such a family goes on from year
TO year prospecting and to prOsper-contented
and happy-and yet all struggling like heroes
to increase their stock and common store.
The great trouble in Georgia and elsewhere
is the lack Of system in farming, Men are
expecting to succeed without plans, wisdom
or study, under the erroneous impression that |
they can prosper without it, although for the |
want of it they have failed in everything
else, and then run into this business, not as
labOrers, but as proprietors of farms, without
capital. often buying the land and stock and
provisions on credit, If not for the whole, for
a part, after paying all the cash they can get
from their more successful relatives and
friends, giving mortgage not only on that
property, but also on the crop to be raised, to
torRey's fees for collecting it, with qoaiUsr of
homestead and right Of eeemptiOn. To them
it ID generally bad crop year, the creditors
get back all the property and the crop
too at the end of the year. with
judgment hanging over them for a cOnsidera-
bic balance. SO they try something else, still
the same careless, thoughtless
course, without programme, plan, or sched-
ule, and of course the result is the same. Our
country is filed with such men who say they
are unlucky, and fortune or fate is against
them.
Why can't we abandon such course and
it among our children and neigh
bors, so that they would adopt correct sys-