Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1884-07-19

see the helpful impulse OF a home market, and
they that the financial and revenue SYSTEM en-
acted since the REPUBLICAN party came into power,
has eSta blished and constantly expanded the home
market They see that even In the case OF wheat,
which Is chief cerf2l export, they have solo, in
the of the years since the close OF the war;
three bushels at LONE to one they have sold
abroad and that in the OF corn the only other
cereal which we export to any extent, enc hundred
bushels have been used at home to three and 4
half bushels exported In some years the disparity
has been so great that for every peck OF corn ex-
ported one hundred bushels have been consumed
In the home market The farmers see that In the
increasing competition from the grain fields OF
Russia and from the distant plains of India, the
growth of the home market becomes daily OF
greater concern to them and that its impairment
would deprecate the value of every acre OF ullable
land Ia the Union.
OUR INTERNAL COMMERCE.
Such facts as these, touching the growth and con-
sumption Of cereals at home, give US some slight
conception Of the vastness OF the internal CON-
merce of the United States. They suggest also
American people enjoy from protection against
foreign competition, they enjoy the advantages OF
greater population than any other nation The
internal commerce OF our thirty-eight states and
nine territories is carried on without let or hid
drance, without tax, detention or governmental
interference OF any kind whatever. 1t spreads
freely over an area of three and half million
square miles-almost equal in extent to the whole
continent OF Europe. It's profits enjoyed to-day
by hftyslS millions of American freemen, and from
this enjoyment no monopoly is created. According
W hdInlitOn. Wien ne discussed the
same subject in 1890, 1.-THE internal competition
which takes place does away with everything like
monopoly, and by degrees reduces the prices OF
articles to the minimum of a reasonable profit on
the capital employed" 1t Is impossible to point to
single monopoly in the United States that has
been created or fostered by the Industrial system
which is upheld by the republican party.
Compared with our foreign commerce these
domestic exchanges are incOnceivably great In
am9onnt.reguirng merely as one instrumentality
as large mileage OF railway as exists to-day in all
the other nations OF the world combined. These
internal exchanges estimated by the statistical
bureau OF the Treasury department 10 be annually
twenty times as great In amount Our foreign
commerce 1t is into this vast field OF home trade
at once the creation and the heritage of the Amer-
every device 10 enter 1t is into this field that the
opponents OF our present revenue system would
freely admit the countries OF Europe-cOuntries
INTO whose internal trade we could not recprOcaliy
enter; countries to which we should be surrender
ing every advantage OF trade, from which we
should be gaining nothing in return.
EFFECT UPON THE MECHANIC AND THE LABoRER-
policy OF this kind would be disastrous to the
mechanics and workingmen OF the United States.
Wages are unjus ly reduced when an industrious
man Is not able by his earnings to live in comfort
educate his children and lay by sufficient amount
1or the necessities OF age. The reduction OF wages
inevitably consequent upon throwing our home
market open to the world would deprive them OF
the power to do this 1t would prove great lamty
the poor and the rich and in the sOrrowful degra-
cation OF labor would plant the seeds OF public
danger.
The republican party has steadily aimed to
maintain just relations between labor and capital,
guarding with care the rights OF each. A conflict
between the two has always led in the past and
Will always lead In the future to the injury or both.
Labor Is indispensable to the creation and profitable
use OF capital and capital increases the efficiency
and value OF labor Whoever arrays the one against
the other Is an enemy OF bOt That policy is WiSeSt
and best which harmoniZes the two on the basis OF
absolute justice. The republican party has pro-
tected the free labor OF America SO that its compen-
n
Try. IL has guarded our people against the unfair
competition OF contract labor FROM China. and may
De called upon TO prohibit the growth OF similar
evll from Europe 1t is obviously unfair to permit
capitalists to make contracts for cheap labor in for
eign countries to the hurt and disparagelnent Of
The labor OF American citizens Such policy dixie
that which would leave the time ana other cond-
tons OF home labor exclusively in the control OF
the employeD Is injurious To all parties-not the
least SO 70 the unhappy persons WHO :,re made the
subjects or The contract. the institutions OF the
United States rest upon the intelligence and virtue
OF all the people. SuIfrtge * made universal as
just weapon OF self protection TO every citizen. 1t
Is not the interest OF the republic that any economic
system should be adopted which involves the re-
ductfon OF wages to the bard standard prevailing
elsewhere. The republican party aims TO elevate
and dignity labor-nOt to degrade IT.
AS substitute for the industrial system which
uneer republican administrations has developed
Such extraordinary prosperity, opponents offer
policy which is but system OF experiments upon
cur system OF revenue-a policy whose end must
De hafm 10 our manufacturers and greater harm TO
our Labor Experimental the Industrial and fnan-
cial series is The cOuntryS greatest dread as sta
Dlfty Is its greatest boom Even the uncertainty
resulting from the recent tariff agitation In Con-
gress has hurtully affected the business of the en-
tire country. Who can measure the harm to our
SlOph ana cur homes, to our farms and Our COM
merce II the uncertainty OF perpetual tariff agita-
ton Is TO be inflicted upon the country? We are in
the midst OF an abundant harvest; we are ON the
eve OF revival of general prosperity. Nothing
stands in our way but the dread OF change in the
industrial system which has wrought such Won
ders in the last twenty years and which, with the
vi ct Tor
Haf'eS OF prosperity In the twenty years to come.
OUR FOREIGN POLICY.
Our foreign relations favor our domestic develop
ment We are at peace with the world-at peace
upon sound basis, with no unsettled questions of
sufficient magnitude to embarrasS or distract U.s.
Happily removed by our geOgrap hical position
from participation or interest In those questions OF
dynasty or boundary which SO frequently disturb
Ihe peace OF Europe, we are left to cultivate
friendly relations with all and are free from posi-
bic entanglementS in the Quarrels of any. The
In conflict with any power on earth, and we may
rest In assured confidence that power desires TO
attack the United States.
With the nations OF the western hemisphere we
should cultivate closer relations and for COM
mon prosperity and advancement we should invite
them all TO join with us In an agreement that for
the future, all international troubles in North or
South America shall be adjusted by impartial arbi-
tration and not by arms. This project was part Of
the fixed policy or President Garneld'S adminfstra-
ton, and II should, In my Judgment, be renewed.
Its accomplishment on this continent would favor
ably affect the nations beyond the sea and thus
powerfully contribute at no distant day to the uni
versal acceptance OF the philanthrOpc and Chris
tfan principle OF arbitration. The effect even OF
suggesting 1t for the Spanish American states has
been most happy, and has increased the confidence
OF those people In our friendly disposition 1t fell
10 my lot as Secretary OF State, In June, 1881 to
quiet apprehension in The republic OF Mexico, by
giving Tie assurance in an official dispatch that
"there is not the faintesu desire In the United
States for territorial extension south OF the Rio
GranGe. The boundaries OF the two republics have
been established in conformity with the best 1uriS-
dtctiOnal interests OF both. The line OF demarca-
1on0S not merely conventional 1t is more. 1t
separates Spanish American people from Saxon
Amt rican people. II divides one great nation from
another with distinct ana natural fnallty.n
We seek the conqueSts OF peace. We desire to
extend our commerce and in an especial degree
with our friends and neigiib0rS on this continent
America as wisely and as pcTSistently as we might
nave done For more than generation the SYM
patty OF those countries has been allowed TO drift
away from us. We should now make every effort
TO gain their friendship. Our trade with them is
already large. During the last year our exchanges
In the western hemisphere amounted TO three nun
dred and nifty millions OF dollars nearly fourth
OF our entire foreign commerce. To those who may
be disposed to underfate the value OF trade with
the countries or North and South America 1t may
be well TO state that their population is nearly
quite fifty millions, and that, in proportion to ag-
eregate NUMBERS, we import nearly double as much
from them as we do from Europe. But the result
OF the Whole American trade is In high degree IN
satisfactory. The imports during the past year
ceeded two hundred and twenty-five millions, while
the exports were less than one hundred and twen-
ty-1Ne misunderstanding u balance against us OF
more than one hundred millions OF dollars. But tie
money does not go TO Spanish America. We send
pay European manufacturers for the gods which
tney SEND 10 Spanish America. We are but pay
masters for this enormous amount annually to Eu.
ropean factors amount which is a serious draft,
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