The Arkansaw traveler., 1884-08-30
ARCTIC EXPLORATIONS.
Boston (;iobe.l

 1000 q Norwegian ship sailed into the waters of Bafin's bay, and the lcelanders who composed it's crew stepped ashore on m island as discoverers- So far as any record shows,
 They were the first that ever burst
 Into that silent sea.
 Eight centuries and quarter later another party of men, speaking another language, but with the same eager long ing to search out the unknown, landed on the same island and found the monu- ments which their pioneen had left as memorials. Threescore of yenu la,ar, in the month of June, ISS4. anaaeeEqNw Of men sailed to the nqelh4&t4 c Ao1h's bay, and iuao ths stran vAi4 Noa be- yo11k Ae.eAey approacta4 Ue e . vel, 6o<t6 man ssenEDo4 oy 3he 0o4 nnd 1Ssbly waved q IT - - =. Hewas one of seven vho - = b perish. Out of party of hksma 10 had left their homes threG U - ote, only seven survived, and to them came the fescaEor UAieh thea hsA long since ceased to1ep4x
 In thsz lsndse6 ofySarspAich have elapsed between the visit of the Iceland ers and the psscue of ths remnant cf the Greedy parry, one generation after anosher of men has sought to penetrate the mys- teries ofs.fhe Azpec aess. That ships should sail9t the N ssaaand never re turn, or thG1 uens sho6ld ni1Enbly perish, leaving tho record of wen n-nigh incredible suffering, has not dssesred othen from the same strange search for the unknown. In the later years, indeed, the fate of ex- plorers haa been the inoopsive for others to dare thoperik of th6 3roGon eplitudes and bring bsck tAe tidi10B q vhat their fellows accomplished ere they died. The discovery of America gave the first im- petus to the systematic searches which have been carried cn so long by the various nations. With the discovery of Columbus, Spain nd Portugal claimed the right to tho commerce of the New World and the control ofthsocean. The other European nations, anxious to find a short passage to India, started the search for a northwest passage, and John and Sebastian Cabot were sent ont by Eng land to find the hoped-fer open sea. Touching at Labrador, they proceeded to latitude 67 deg. 90 min. north in Davis strait, but returned. to England without having accomplished any new discoveries. From 1900 to 1902 the Cortereals made three voyages, with no better success than had attended the Cabots. The ill-suc- cess attending these voyages led to the theory of northwest passage being abandoned in favor of . northeast pass age. A quarter of . century after Cabots attempt, the Muscoyy company equipped a fleet, which they placed iu charge of Willoughby and CaanceIlcr. The plan was to reach the desired Cathay by doubling the promonotory of Lapland. Sir Hugh Willoughby's ship reached Nova Zembla but was compelled by ice to seek the mouth of the Arzina, river in Lapland. When the ship was found there, long after, Sir Hugh lay dead in his cabin, and his crew lay dead in the forecastle and on the decks, some singly, some in groups where they clasped each other in long last embrace. Chancellor, Sir Hugh's second, was more fortunate. His ship entered the harbor of Archaneel and his visit resulted in the establishment of profitable commercial relations be- tween England and Russia.
 Marlin Erobisher. was the next man to make an Arctic explora1inu. He had abundant faifh, and had wE1lten in Is6o that voyage Was not oaly possible by | the northwest, but a1oo, q he could prove, easy to be performed" He was ambi- tious to make the attempt for he held that the discovery was | the only thing | left undone in the world whereby nota- ble mind might be made famous and | fortunate" He set out in IS76, and in | the two following yeaEs made three voy- | ages He made some imporlnnt discoy- | eries between lafltu1e Go Sad 3o, kne dId l not psnesxate vegy farto fAe n1sth. D4sis l followed b I50s and made hrthe dis- | covezie4 bot did not discover the denired | Afhu him followed tho Uutch | navigator, William Barentx, who seaxsed | in I594 and made three voyages. On the last voyaee, h i5o6, Baseaiz perished, and his crew, being in open boats on | the Artic ocean. narrowly escaped | shafing his fnke Nearly 100 yeau Iates, | in 1878, tho journals of Bareukx wese 1 found by Captain Gundersou of the | schooner Regina on the north coast of Nova Zembl1-
 The Muscovy company, which had sent | out Willoughby and Chancellos, still had | iaith in nosthesn pAssage. In I6o7 this | equipped Henry Hudson and sent him out with directions to shape his | course to the north pople. Taking his l course between Greenland and Spitzber- zen he pushed his ~ay as far zs So deg. | north, farther than any previous explorer l had gone. In the following year he sought for a northeast passage between | Nova Zembla and Spitzbergen, but got no | further than 5 deg. The next year he made another sstsmpt, but being | driven back down the coast of America, he discovered New York bay and the | hudson riser. h the next ysaz, l6lo. he sfArted on what vas his lat expedition. He pasDsd Hudsoa hay and vinAeed 1 near itS enfzanos, bnk ske cEow musinied, 1 set hin sdsiA b n opsa boas asa rs. 1 tuned to England, leaving the brave man to perish.
 Bafhn vas the next explorer. In l6i6 ho passed through Baffin's bay and went