The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1884-05-25

cation. II appears. IL even moro detective than
10 suppeeeA By fssei9sevs. Who look oaly at the
statistics Of the attendance upon elementary
and intermediate schools. and pay 10 hssd -
W. asality u ~ iNssssstiea sivss. We learn
from ~ ssssy b. Mr.. Copsspeion Arsnal that
Ia such strls' sehsols - sxist tbS nsjcs Part Of
the time 10 employed In manual branches. and
It 10 A exception II the school mletrsss hsrssli
has mastered the three ~, In Portugal
according 10 the census OF 1879. only ten
pspcsak of TIE female population can read aad
write. Thsrs n Dot . sipvls intarmsdists
sshosi fss siris 10 ne kinsAom. thouSh there
are TOW private boarAiag schools who're .
somewhat higher kind Of tnstruotion 10 attain
able than that given In the elementary schools.
Women are admittAd 70 tho lectures on mid-
wtfcry In the medical schools OF Lisbon and
Opprto but mldvivea ssn only employ tnstru.
mspts In the presence OF male surgeon. In
the Spanish univsRsittas during the academic
ysar I6Sl-2 twelve women wsre attending lee
lures. end three Of those studying madeline
had paassd thoix OSCILLATIONS. but instead
Of degrees. which srs refused them. they are
grantsd certificates which do not authorize
them 70 practise In . country whsrs ~ little
has hseA doAs for female sdpcStio4 ~ In
Spain 1t IL scsrosly neesssary TO say that
woman are not permittsd 10 vote. and this Is
authorsss u not permitted u publish her
writings without the consent Of her husband.
In Italy the situation 10 undoubtedly more
promising. ps law primary iastSuotion was
made compulsory IN Pisdmont twenty years
ago TOR girls - we'll - boyA but the statute has
never bssa sniorcsd. At this day. In Piedmont
and Lombardy. nearly ons.half OF the popula-
ton arc unable 70 read. and. In the kingdom Of
the Two eieilies the proportion Of ilttsracy
reaches ninety-thrss per cent Al present.
however. the STATE 10 striving vlgor-
ousy to increase the appliances for pri-
mary Instruction, and IL supports six
schools Of . high intermediate order.
while Ia almost every provincial capital there
10 . normal sehOoi for the training OF teachers.
What 70 moro suspicious. NO law Of the king
dom now hindsrs vonsn from sntsPins the
Italian univernitIss aAd taking desrses A
short time ago Russian lady passed tho sx-
amination for Doctor 10 Medicine ct the Uni
versity Of Pisa. received diploma. and 10 to-
day practising successfully In Florence. A
rot It has not been sssiously proposed to confer
the parliamentary franchise upon women. but
Q bill has bssn introduced By the Dspretis Min
istry giving women right 70 vote for the mem.
bsrs Of municipal and provincial councils. a
privilege which they formerly enjoyed In Venice
and Lombardy. under the Austrian Tuls.
From the Latin we raas to tho Scandinavian
psninsulss. and observe that In Denmark the
fruits Of the woman's movement srs not con-
sptouous. although since 1914 female students
have been admitted TO the untySssityaf Copsn-
hagen. and allowed to taxa deareeS In every
department except theology. Women have
failed. however. to turn this opportunity to &C.
count because the whole hed OF intermediate
eduostioA foy the female shx has besn neglected
By the State. In the country primary schools
ooeducation 10 rraetissd. but the analogous
elementary establishments In the cities sen.
arsts the sexes. Curiously enough. too.
Danish women have shown no strong desire
to exercise the higher educational privileges
afforded them. They have no political rights.
the Danish Constitution Of ls49 not permitting
them to vote either In parliamentary or NUM-
cipal and school-board elections. As regards
their legal status. 1t appears that tho general
tendency OF Danish law Ia to place married.
women. 40 regards the control Of both their
property and children. In tho absolute power OF
their husbands In sweden. on the other
hand. women are allowed to vote on the same
terms as men. In the choice OF the parish
clergy and the municipal councillors. and
In tho naming OF the slsctors Of the county
council. which elects the members OF the up.
per Chamber. But NO demands have yet been
made for wonan's admission to the con pIsts
elective franchise which would confer upon
them the right Of voting for members Of the
Dict II 10 also to be noted that tho civil law OF
Sweden 10 In many respects more liberal than
that OF Denmark In Its treatment Of married
women. Much has been done for the interme.
diate - we'll - primary education OF women.
and In 1870 girls vera admitted to the univer.
sittss. where three years later they were al
H0A La AkA
male students. Upward OF hfty young women
have passad the mstriculati0n examination
but few have persevered In university course
and still fewer won degrees. At present there
are four female studsnts At Upsals and two at
Lund. In Norway. strange 10 say. although 1t
possesses the most democratic institutions in
Europe. very little has been done for tho eleva-
ton Of women. In 1852. on the application OF
single female student the Storthing or Nor
wagian Parliament. passed Law permitting
women to pursue studies in tho Christians
University leading to the degrees Of arts and
philosophy. But. inasmuoh ~ hardly any
steps had been taken to qualify girls for ad-
mission. the privilege 10 OF little value. In
Norway It 10 still desmsd unisminins. ~ II was
before 1914. for the weaker seq to have any
thing In common with the stronger. The tdeai
OF womanhood 10 to no remarked - little as
possible and nevor to leave the beaten path.
As might DO anticipated from tho clinical
and religious affiliations OF its people. the POSI-
ton OF woman In Belgium 10 about the Same
as 1t is in France. In Holland. also. where the
Nspoleonic code is established. the legal con-
dition Of women differs little from thnt Of their
French sisters. 1t was long before public
opinion could b brought to give girls tho ed-
vocational advantages enjoyed By boys: but Of
late intermediate schools for girls have been
increasing In the larger Dutch towns. The
idea OF women possessing the same political
rights ~ men hss been accepted by only very
ANAL number Of Dutch rsformsrs. Yet &C.
eording TO . Dutch publicist. II the women OF
Holland do not vote. II 10 probably duo In the
main to the fact that they have nsver earnestly
asked for the vght for It 10 By no means sure
that female taxpayers might not exercise the
franchise under the present Constitution.
1t 10 astonishing that Switzerland. which has
boon 80 liberal to women in the matter OF odu-
cation. should be one OF tho least disposed OF
European COUNTRIES to bsstow upon them equal
political rights, Moreover. wAsn we come to
examine the results Of opening the swiss uni
versities to both sexes. We discover that swisc
50 ~. AaSA ~