davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1884-08-15
ERIN's NATIYE TONGUE
WALsH's DEATH.

8. Resolred, That the death of Pev. Law
renee Walsh gives us occasion TO record our
nigh esteem for his marx ed fidelity during the
years Of his service as an official Of the land
League, and causes us to lament in him Tho
loss OF a patriot whose voice never faitered
and whose life was spent in advocating thf
cause Of Irish national independence.
The resolutions were adopted without
discussion.
Father Conatry. of Massachusetts
Treasurer of the Parnell fund, reported
Ihat every cent raised had been sent tC
81, ,668.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22
rnE KlxAaKo DIsGRaoE.

"rhe branch hospital scandal still
smells to heaven, and any chance OF
reform at the hands OF our present
board of i'll health seems hopeless. II
there had been any doubts that the
conduct OF the person calling himself
Van Glesen was outrageous and inde-
iensible, OF that he was knowingly and
willully abeued therein 10y his official
superlorS, the conduct d the so-called
investigation, held last week, would
have removed them effectualy. The
investigation, rs managed, was a trans
parent farce a bare. faced fraud. Ii
was conducted in conspicuous and
defiant disregard of every rule which
should apply to an inquiry of this kind.
In the first place ,he'principal actors in
the affair supposed 20 be investigated,
had been sent to Molokai. This accom-
plished two purposes it got rid OF the
men themselves and their testimony,
and il acted as means OF intimidating
others. II was virtually giving notice
10 the inmates of the branch hospital
that Van Geisen $50 calledl had the
power To deport to Molokai whoever
he pleased, and that he would not fail
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

Are there not some Of the young
men who would like to form Ram
blers' Club, and take their Saturda,
afternoons for exploring some Of the
valleys around our city, noting any facts
Of interest they may discover. II woule
be a good plan to resuscitate The
National History Society and begir
the collection Of "a cabinet Of curiosities
antiquities and specimens.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

The Gazette Of last Wednesday term'
a recent peculiar commercial article il
the Advertiser INSPIRED" II il b
reasonable to suggest that the article IL
question was inspired by mendacity
il Is charitable to believe that the com
mercial article in last Wednesdays Ga
zette was " "inspired {" by stupidity,
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22
The Flowerdew tramway claim seem.

The Flowerdew tramway claim seems
automatically, at least II is
suggested by the tender hearted Ad-
vertiser (Gibson,) however, that the
legislature reimburse Mr. Flowerdew
for his actual outlay in the matter.
Unless il can be shown that Mr..
Flowerdew used improper influences to
secure his agreement with Mr.. Bush,
he certainly ought to be paid.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

1t is a question OF growing import
ance, how much fire the British
finger may enter without getting burnt
That Egypt is incapable of taking care
OF herself has been sufficiently evi-
denced. The boasted reforms of the
late khedive were absurdly exagger-
ated his generosity was shameful in
SO much as his already impoverished
subjects were stripped to meet his
requirements, His eifeminate success
sor has proven how little he is able to
I'LL difficult and thankless office. The
iellahin, the bone and sinew of the
land, fear and hate their rulers and
have had little cause to do otherwise
through long years Of want and degra-
dalion There may be avenues OF
escape out of a predicament that is in
some danger of making England ride
ulous in the eyes OF the world, but as
something must be done and done al
onceitisprobable that Chinese-Gordon's
mission is the wisest plan the ministry
has yet expressed, iori may stay fruitless
bloodshed and give time for develop
nentS which are by no means likely to
aake the condition of affairs worse than
they are at present,
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

"a think, however" said Arlsndes,
"that We ought to put the blame
exactly where II belongs. The condi-
tion of our currency is responsible for
the present rate Of exchange A foolish
legislature passed the coinage act OF
1850. A government of unscrupulous
adyenturers perverted the spirit and
evaded the letter OF that act and
made contract that may or may not
be illegal but which was certainly dis
honest, whereby a large amount OF
silver coin has been forced into circu-
lation, abnormalIy. Abroad, this silver
has deprecated bullion value only.
BY an unfortunate coincidence the
firm that has been obliged through
pressure OF circumstances to become
the issuer and calculator OF the new
coinage is also the largest holder soi
exchange. Having on hand this silver,
II has no need to draw on San Fran
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

IV TTfW " Mt IN \ fNTTffN.
Good my critic 81 you can
Write me twenty lines lh1t .c'n.
Ifyou may without oH.ns.
Sit awhile with men of sense,
Learn to use their language. learn
Why all Deu of brains discern
uuoou.I tjtskin on your back,
Nou may win what now ymu lack
Freedom from contempt attack
Or.. Bifrus Cfjif
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

Justice compels the admission that
the action Of the minister Of the interior
in advertising for tenders 70 reform
government work by contract meets
with general favor.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22
A CARD.

A CARD
HONOLULU. February ssih, ,sa.,
Messrs. H. HAcxsKLp Co.. Agents Itansatianisc
Fire InSpsance Company. Honolulu
Desy Sf,s hereby bsg 10 tendes my sincere thanks
Tor the immediate liberal settlement Of the los ! aus
tanned through the destruction b., i,e u my place d
business IN KohaIa during the night of the 10Th Instant
consider Il my duty to recommend the in.nrancs
Company for which You the Agents al raft,ss
dssirous of protecting their properly by ns,fanes.
J am. Dear Sirs, Respeotfuy Noufs
ts<-3m CEO. SA>DERMA<.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

With modesly which would do credit
to the brazen image OF mule, the
Gazette OF Wednesday last hints that
recent resolutions, sent by the chamber
of commerce TO the foreign office, were
inspired by the suggestion Of the Ga
zette. "Simon says wiggle waggle Y
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

But why does not the bank sell
exchange against It's San Francisco
credita' asked Telemachus. elias not
the old bank been literally supported Y
"Yes, but it has always given a qaid
pro qno" The community owes far
more to the bank than the bank to the
COMMUNICATIONS which, however,
there is an honest difference of opinion
for some do hold that banking firm
which has made such splendid profits
owes duty to its customers and that
the time for the exercise Of that duty is
now said Aristdes.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22
Bp authoritp.
SPECIAL NOTICES.
MAsAcER's NOTICE.

All accounts Of the SATURDAY PREsS--exo.pt.
ing quarterly adverisers-will be rendered aud col.
ected monthly.
Advertisements and Subscriptions are ,ayahe Il.
advance, and this rule will be rgidy observed 10 ,he
future. l. -r--r =
THos. G TnRUM.
Manager and Proprietor, sArusDsv Passs.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22
FOREST PRESENTATION.

The report of the committee on
Medical Topography, Meteorology,
Endemics and Epidemics, made to the
Medical Society OF the State of Cali
fornia, at the annual session held in
April of last year, contained numerous
articles OF great interest to physicians
and students OF hygiene; and one paper
OF especial interest to every thinking
citizen Of California That paper was
entitled The Importance OF Forest
Preservation and Timber Cultivation,
and was prepared by DIR. M. Nj. Chip
man, chairman of that committee.
Grave lessons lie within the pages OF the
little pamphlet of twenty-five Iamo.
pages-lessons, however, that man has
read, grown enthusiastic over, laughed
at and forgotten, ever since he began
his barbarous, matricidal warfare with
all that was most beautiful in nature.
The book was written for purblind
California. But there is scarcely lin,
IN all its pages that may not be made
to apply most appositely to the con
dition of our island forests.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

After us the deluge,' cried La
Pompadouri and the giddy generations
that have gone TO their accounting since
the brazen harlot's siren lips gave forth
that immortal bi, of impudence, have
echoed her words in thousand
orusades against the lo,eliest maniies-
tations of the common mother OF that
incongruous welter sf contradictions
we call mankind" And in none of
its relentless invssions has il been more
uniformly successful than in its blind
destruction OF the worlds forests. Here
on this very island, on Maui and Kauai;
but more particularly on Hawaii, the
area OF denuded forest is nearly as
great as the area Of real forest remain
Ing. In the coming legislature will be
men competent to deal with this sub
jest as il deserves to be dealt with, and
to put their conclusions into tangible
shape into productive legislation
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22
MARRIED.

TAYLOR -DE COSTA--At the Lidgate Plantation
Hawaii. February ,, 1885,, by the Rev. Father Bon
aventura. Mr. VIM H. II. Taylor TO Miss Antone,a
DE Costa. Both Of Hawaii
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22
ufsE .tvD OrBEFuISE

"Thcrc is nothing in business but
selfshnes. the intenscst kind OF sci
hshn,ss. Iylcmachus gaged at Mentor
with wide-eycd wonder. "Then why
are you business man ?" asked the
youth. Because I have a wife and
babies to feed, answered the gray
beard. "Thcn I wish the millennium
would come, sighed the youth "rhe
business millennium will come when
there is no more business" replied the
other.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

al don't know ii it will OF will not
make much difference TO me- said
Mechanico. /don't need TO buy any
exchange II | get paid in silver. pay
nv debts in silver II can't get a
dollars worth OF goods for my dollar,
III strike for higher wages II can't
gel what I'm worth. or At least what !
ran live on, I'll so back 10 California.
Have you saved anything since you've
been here r queried Telemachus.
Something. answered Mechanico.
(" Then how are You going 10 take il on,
Of the country-ih in your pockets OF in
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

TO exercise that power against aTone
who had incurred his dispTasure
How could poor dependenlIreatmcs
like the lepers in the hoStftal be eN-
pectcd to come forwsIy under such
circumstances and IesN freely to any
facts likely to 0aniage the supern-
tendcnt. Again) FOR the three or four
days which ELAPSED between the dis
'aTbaTes 'ina ,hs and thj pretended ed 9yfsiga %
hands and at tho mercy OF Van Geisen
$50 called.) Nit1 his policcman's badge
and his consptcuousy displayed re.
volvcr, he had abundant opportunity to
coax, threaten, Eribe. bully and intimi
d te the only x,crsons who know any.
thing about e real cause Of the dis
turbance any who could have given
information ! about it. The patients
knew by dbily experience that their
overseer Wy unscrupulous, and it was
eylde.rr enough that he had the back
ing and support of Messrs. Gibson and
Fitch. Natives are no more likely to
put their heads into the lions mouth
than white men are.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

"But why are they over-valued p
asked Telemachus. "For this reason
BY agreement, the Honolulan shipper
is allowed to draw on his San Francisco
agent for from two-thirds to three-hfths o
the invoice value Of the sugar shipped
1t is of course to the interest OF the
shipper to have the invoice valuation
as high as possible. Heretofore the
foreign agent has rested content in the
known solvency of the shipper, and
allowed the latter TO draw against the
over-valued shipment, taking the risk
OF recovering any loss on sales"
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

But even that apparent advantage is
not, think, an actual one There are
so many leaks, you see. Besides The
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

"rhen the invoice value of sugars is
often fctitions,' said Telemachus.
=" Precisely /; but, on the other hand,
the custom-house valuation Of imported
goods represents no more than actual
value, and often less Because goods are
invoiced for this port at manufacturers
prices to make duty as light as posi-
bic and freight and insurance ought
to be added To show the gross or real
value OF imports, for the custom house
statistics show the cost Of neither freight
nor insurance, which make part Of the
cost (value) OF the goods, 1t is fair to
add fifteen per cent. TO the value Of i'm
ports and subtract twenty per cent.
from the value Of exports. The total
exports for 1883 were lin round mum.
bers) $8, 400, 900 twenty per cent.
subtraction would make il s$6,6so,ooo.
The imports for the same period aggre-
gated $1,000, 900 fifteen per cent ad-
diiion would make il $6,4Ao, ooo, OF
only $4,000 difference in Our favor.
n. l. a
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

81 think you ought not rest content,
continued Midas, "with so shallow a
view as that which holds up its hands
IN childish alarm and senile wonder be-
cause the apparent difference in our
favor between exports and imports has
not accrued to our advantage. A little
calm examination of the facts ought to
convince you-as it has convinced me
that the actual difference IN our
favor is by no means so great as it
seems.
Saturday press. [volume] (Honolulu, H.I.) 1880-1885, 1884-03-22

Telemachus went out into the cruel
street with something like lead at his
heart ! will go and see Merchanto,
he said.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1884-06-23
0eacbers.
A ABLE AND TUOROUGH TEACHERS

4 ABLE AND THOROUGH TEACHERS
"A. grades tutors gOvcrnesses, lecturers com
circulars OF best schools free; charge 70
those employing teachers 10 teachers until engaged
i. MIRIAM COYElEEE 60"
81 Esst 7th-st. Union square.
A MEXICAN SCHOOL INSTITUTE. cstab-
~ hshed $50 provides promptly best Teachers FOR Private
Pup. Families Schools COLLEGES circular. Of good schools
vulnerable information free To parents Skilled Teachers
always wanted. Application form for stamp. 1890 - -
NV. SCHEEMLRHDRN & CO. East l4thst, y. \.
TWO experienced and reliable ladies
teachers take charge Of party OF young ladies'
10 spend July and August tho AdroDdacks will take
party Niagara only thOe who willing 10 share
expenses need apply references given and re-
CURED. Address FL South Broad st, Elizabeth, M.
VNEACHERS AGENCY.-36 West 21st-st..
n Y. Professors teachers recommended 20 schools
and auiies careful advice IN choice Oi best schools
H. HESSE.
TEACHERS WANTED Superior
French teachers for several hrstclsss schools
French, German, Drawing and Painting; Higher EugHsh
Mathematical, Latin and French, Methodist French and
Vocal Music, Baptist
Gentlemen: Mathematics and Military Drill for schools
city Classics and English Classics and Mathematics
Piano and Violin Violin.
Apply 20 Mrs. NJ. j. NOUNG-FUL1ON American and For.
eign Teachers Agency % Union Square
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1884-06-23
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT.

pr THOMAS d. INGRAM, NJ. d. svo. PIP. 107 West
- Chester, Penn: L. 5. Hickman.
This ESSAY designed to illustrate the application OF
method OF direct voting remedy for the political
evil. Of caucuses conventions and conferences The au
thor contends that delegates while theoretically repre-
sentative of those who choose tnem arc practically abe
20 disregard Instructions barter away their votes for
ends misTepresent their constituencies
lie assumes that the delegates can he dispensed with ana
the Instructions now given 20 them be placed on paper
and accurately counted He argues that every election
can be decided in this by the whole body OF voters
concerned at one direct His plan to have each
voter name not only his first choice among the candidates
IN the field Professionally such succeeding choices 10
which he would he willing TO aocede In order 10 reach
concerted action with his fellows In ms way nc con
sders il possible for the people of free government to
seIec their representatives I'll any official position
whatsoever at direct election by the whole number OF
electors concerned.
The authors system may be easily illustrated. The
voters IN Congressional district allowed TO vote for
four candidates as first second, third and fourth choices
The allvsheet voting returns from 10000 voters
OF these 300 have named their first choice Smith
1000 have favored Brown, 1900 Jones' and 23OO Rob
iu.on A majority would he 50O1, and not one OF the
first choices has secured it, For second choice 1900
have named Smith, 1900 Brown, 500 Jones' and 200
Robinson. By adding together the first and second
choices the following result is obtained Smith, 5000
Brown A. 500; Jones' 200; aud Robinson $500. This
give. smith an actual majority If the relative concur
rinq support did not make up actual majority, the
third choices could reckOncd u aud so on until the
Willingness OF some voters TO yield TO concurrent choice
resulted in an actual majority. This fantastic method oil
conducting elections curious product OF library Iea
,onlrg and while ingenious and supported by many ex-
ceent moral reflections, is about practical in its re-
suits as the thirtten-fouTteen-hfteen puzzle
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1884-06-23
'I'HE ERIE RAILWAY better known as the
NEW-YoRK LAKE ERIE AND WESTERN RAIL,

ROAD $500
A.. Arrangements OF trains from Chambersst. Dcpot
coaches 10 BinShamton Elmira and BaTao sYseptns
6p NJ daily, 81 Louis Limited" Express extra charge
Lo fsst te-Pulnan Sleeping Buffalo arriving
Detroit ss M sasmsa % ssaI ne %Pi Y iSa
Inn S sS M 81 LOUIS $40 second Gay Sonnee
81 m Da{lPao6e Express for the West solid Train Of
barS Niagara F F1spHE nSas sna ca.s SH
kunet smoking Coaches TO Chicago.
Rp6eroTG and Passac SS EsS $50 1920 p0o,
d4o 800 $40 5 o $50 $40 $3.50 1880 1880 midnight
Paterson "a 100 $50 80 1920 m II noon as ysSo.4
6lo5s0 6lo $50 1880 $40 1880 pm and II midnight sun
Newark aud Paterson via Newark biD SiO 40 m $40
80 ply e;oO $40 ISu 81 ana u midnight saturday
sGnera sac 100 i62o M f.S Bs az ssn Sis IN and
* midnEht sundays Si46 $50 lo:2o a las $3.50 IN and
WARWICK $50 10 Goa 4sOpm. SUNDAYS s.3Oam
se"Duis s nm SofH"s 1909 $50 4;S0 sunday
EondOgt aud Kingston and Montgomery a n, $50 M.
Goshen 40 3oo 1920 N $3.50 sl6 m sun.
hiddoiown o4o 1909 1920 $40 43O s. SIP m SUNDAY
With Sew &oTs dRac sd s@s s2
al N lam at The m Train stops at Main.st. only.
"a Jsisis 10y lO2o III $3.50 $40 sunday $50
Boats 25dst quarter and quarter after each hour
IAN oao NY, 70 iVao every thirty minutes and toul
Tickets for passage and apartments in Drawing
Nos 2gi iOI or S57 Broadway. Isl WesGsG, Nc
EIpIoss from the wese arrive In York at 7.lo
80 JoiiS n AnBoTf oenl Psssr Agent New.YOrk.
NORTHERN RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY
Nyeek $50 10 anil $40 $50 $40 $40 $50 m II ai
night Sundays ga IN and q SPIN. '''N'
Manuel spring Valley and Monsey TAO 10 am 1850 p N
JOHN N. ABBOTT. osaa PassE AgeaI Nsw.ysgs.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1884-06-23
Proposals.


IMPROVEMENT of the Line OF Inland Navi-
i gator from New .Berne to Beaufort HaIbOr y. G.
L. :. EEGNEEK OFFICE,
NORFOLK VA. June IL, 1894. !
Sealed proposals. In trplicae viii be this Of
fee until noon Of June 80 1894 and opened Immediately
Thereafter in presence bidders for furnishing
more dredges work Cubi00t and Harowe Rivers ~ e.
for line aud CATION from Beaufort iaIbOr TO New
Berne. 1900.
The right 10 reject any OF all bids j. reserved
6peci6C instructions 10 Odders and blanks for
pOsals can application al tits Once Proposals
sbou be the envelope thus Proposals for fur
uIslu dredge for ClubfOOt and HsTOwe AVes and adj
dressed 10 f. "A HISMAN Captain Of Engineers. U. s. A.
U s. ASSAY OFFIcf. NEW YORK,
SUPKKIN1 ESDEST's OFFICE,
June IA, 1884
CEALED PROPOSALS indorsed Proposals
- for supplies manning the ass OF articles BID or WI
received by tie undersigned until June 20 lSs4 AZ ~
O'Clock for supplying this office with acids ana other chem
Gala wood coal charcoal salt Dora1, soap, oils ciueiblos
strreTs dry goods metals, hardware ana
other supplies delivered al the Assay co Tor the
ending June 1885 10 De delivered In such guam
tes required from time time the right to reject
any proposals being reserved Proposals must Dc accom-
panied samples satisfactory description Of the articles
70 be furnished application Parties submitting proposals
be present when they are opened they % desrs
Superintendent
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1884-06-23
THE MARKETS.
TOTAL RECEIPTS OF PRODUCE
Per North Rirer. Vessels and Railroads
EFw-YoRK Juno 81. 1884
GENERAL MARKET REPORT.

NFv-YORN. Iune u, TIT :
COFFFF-Snot Dto Quiet and Unchanged ialr, lOc; 20
bags e1 "Iorena" sold private terms; options easier
lies p 800 bags Slj0S2O for Juv N3slor Ausu-t
si5aS u for september 80 for october 500 o N9Nrm
Der and 20 December Mild grades sod prey He'y
COTTON -Spo Cotton lice. lower. sales $50 bales
s4l evening including 5000 Tor export anu 10 Io
spinning. Delivered contracts. 400 bales tt'pls ~
the ports today 500 bales against 320 ths u st "ccA
and AZ last year. ,.o...,,, ara
quotations according the American casshcaon arc
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1884-06-23
WEST SHORE ROUTE.

VIA WEST SHORE OF HUDSON RIVER.
All trains except the TAO and 4:35 p.
from West 42d.st Corandt and DesbrOsscs ST. stations
The 7;4O and 4.35 p trains leave from West 42dst
only.
FOR Chicago and Detroit 1000 m. 300 D. m. Pullman
sleeping through 90 both
Suspension Bridge Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Newark and
Rocheste' IlOOO a. IN, IS y. sleeping aud patOr
through
Syracuse and Oneida, TAO 1000 q. M IS pm
Utica 7:4O, 1000 1l:20 A., m; - D.
Albany, go 1000, ll:2U a.. IN $50, 800
Saratoga and Lake George specials 400 in II 90 a m
$3.50 Elegant trains with revolving chair smoking cars
day coaches. ami Bulct parlur cars.
Sharon sPr 1910 with Buffet Paror Car through
without change
C.t.l AMI Kingston '7.lO 500 02O 1000 ll.90 a. H.,
3: U. 43j, IS p
Palenvlo Cairo. Mountain House Station 500, lI.20
q.
Kaaterskll. Hunter. Summit Pine HILL PhTncia 900
ll2O M. $3.50 Bunot Paror Cars TO on 10
ana $50 IN Trains
For Montreal aud Canada East s 90 a. M $50 D m 435
pm aror cars to saratoga parOr and sleeping thence
10 NOntrt al. N
Newburg t7iu, 'lOO) 1920 m. $40 AS -S,OOp IN
.Duly other trains daily except Sunday
OF tlne o. uiuN g. Toe stations tables
For tckets time tablea iuipr
city Penn II H. station Brooklyn COuTtst Annex on,cs
loot FULTON At. N3S FulOnst and Dckalb YnrI
Guy lb2 2O1 2tl 303 04b 323 broadway Union sauare
1SI Otl ave, lbs East l20thst Penn r.
Gortland and DesbrOsses amt shore station foot Of
West 42d-st. ' '''' Va
o,s,., HENRY MoNETT Gen. Pass Agent