davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02
NOTICE OF APPOINTMENT.
Estate of Mary Beck, Deceased.

rFHE undersigned has been appointed and
/ qualified as Executor Of the will Of
Mary Beck, late of Monroe County, deceased.
Dated this 9th day Of August. A. D. 1884.
! sugl l2,'84t3. CHARLES BECK.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"No man can successfully stand before
the people cftbis counirv, as the Rerub
hean candidate for the Presidency, GOV.
cred oil over ss Blaine lie, with bic own
letters, and other evidence OF specula
tive connection with almost every sub.
sidy railroad into wAich Congress breath
ed the breath of life."-June 8 1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

EN Monuments, Headstones and Tab.
fets or any design sod OF any matera
25 per cent. cheaper than any other
stsbleishment in Monroe or adjoining
counties, at the Miltonsburg Marble
Works, J. M. EsER,E, Proprietor.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"Who but Jim Blaine would have the
cheek 10 read those letters himself, taking
very peculiar precautions, that no other
eye shosd ever zee then. and would take
them from the order of their dates, SO as
to confuse the hearer. reading rapidly
what he saw Ct and making bis own run
rlng Commentary Who but audacious
5rossy smart Jim Blaine would do this p
June 9. 1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

The Times Gays: The Gazettes tone
should he one OF sadness and regret at
the ease against BlaiEr! But is it sdvi.
eable TO nominate him to give the Re-
publican psrty .tone of sadness and rc
sEei.' "-June 9, 1876
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

ts.Ail freely allow that Jim Blaine is the
smsrtess man in all creation. 1t is Q
question, however, II the American peo.
pie are SO ready TO trust. as to admire q
very smart msn. and whether they may
not think, for the Presidency, one not so
smart may be safer l'-June 8. 1875
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"Conceding all that is claimed for Mr.
Blaine, can the party afford to go into
the canvass with leader for VIII om apol.
ogv or explanations will continually be
reqni.ed ?-June IL, 1875
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"Bfaine wss taken into the specula.
lion! He became one OF the Rng, and
speculsted largely in the securities Of the
ompsny! 7A8 dark transqction cannof
Be explained awoyl 1t will stand against
Mr.. Blaine as long as he lives. and is in
itself sufficient to condemn him in public
estimation" ."-June Z, 1875.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

sTbese letters will be the subject Of
discussion On the stump and in the press
II Blaine should he the Republican can
didate, and we esk the politicians who
compose the Convention how they will
mske ont 10 explaining them 10 the peo
PIE Y'-Jane "A 1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

candidate for the Presidency f"-June
8. 1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02
Marietta Academy.
Department of MaSi-
eta Academy.

\ MOTHER teacher has been added TO sAs
n corps Of instructors, Time is thus give n
for thorough drill in every department and
for attention to the special wants of esch
student, Next term there will be classes In
all the branches usraliy taught in common
school, beginning classes in Latin, Greek /,
German, Algebra Physics and Geometry and
special instruction, wher desired, in Peu-,
msnsAIp and Bookkeeping.
The Fell tsrm will begin Sept III.
MARTIN r. ANDREWS,
sugl9,'S4 q. Principal.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02


6. 1876.
"Mr. Blaine should stndy the history
OF Ananlas and Sapphira. June T.
1876.
"The Blaine letters prove all he has
been charged withp The troublesome
fact is, that there is a low tone of public
morality in the estimation of the uses ot
public positions for private gain."-June
I, 1876.
"After ell, ifthere is not virtue enough
in The Republican party to nominate a
man whose name means reform, Mr.
Blaine ought to be nominsted. June
s, 1876
Nothing whatever against Mr.
Blainer says the New York Tribune =
Is it nothing that he has used his public
position to place himself inside of Jobs
Has public man a right TO mse Rs place
to help himself TO money ly stock specula-
tions. Influenced by his official actionss-
This would be good time to have an
understanding about these delicate mat
tiers" June 8, 1876.
"The careful reading and ANALYSIS to
which Blaine's letters have been subj &c
ed, have already had perceptible ineu-
ence in cooling The ardor OF those CON-
mitted to him, and Of depriving him Of
The chance of uncertain votes. June
10, 1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"These letters confirm the report that
Mr. Blaine wss a Spectator in the seau-
rites OF subsidy railroads. June Z,
1875.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"Mr. Blaine should stndy the history
OF Ananlas and Sapphira. June Z,
1875.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

works-le,ters-freworks! Will
fhe blsze blind the ewes of The public to
the real character Of the jobbiEg letters +
June 9, 1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"ffnndreds OF thousands Of Republi.
oane, we may he sure, will never vote for
the election OF the author Of these letters
TO The Presidency. June IA. 1896
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

@Rowever vindictively q Democratic
Investigating Committee may have act
I'd, the dark, stubborn aud destructive
facts remain! They cannot be sponged
Oatl They will stand r'-June 8, 1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"These letters will form Mr.. Blaine's
rissfer y II he is neminated."-June lh
1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"Hsd Blaine been nominated before
the disclosures were made, the party
would have been under the necessity oi
forcing him of the ticket or accepting
the alternative Of an overwhelming de.
Feat" June 8, 1876
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

HMr. Blaine stands in rather too sus-
picious relations to these railroad specu
laticns-has heen dealing too extensively
in them 10 make II expedient for the Re-
publicans 10 take him up as their stand
ard-hearer in Presidential canvass, in
which the result is likelv 10 be close and
douhifal" g, 1875
~B1aine is not fool and he ksews he
cannot he The next President, as we'll IS
anv able newspaper can. tall him" June
8, 1875.
Democratic newspapers are dealing
gently with Mr. Blaine. He would make
such . splendid Republican candidate
for the Presidency-ior the Democrats y
June s. 1875.
aMr. Blaine, IKE the prize fighter, is
ssiill in the ring, though somewhat dis
figured. '"-June 4, fs7S
"Tbe Blaine retreat win doubtless bt
70 the tune Of the Muliigan Guards. -
June 4. 1878
.why was Blaine running areund bar
her shops, looking for witnesses who
wore rerorted to be bis eneuAies, II he is
o man whose public record 10 clear e.
June 5, 1875.
"Do you really mean that man who
has been stock jobber in subsidy rail-
road schemes would be agood reform
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

-The whisky mary displayed ell Of lie
digits for Blsineih Illinois ard Misaou-
III! The ringsters who have faltened
under the Republican administration feel
that Blaine would not reform enough TO
hurt May 20 1875
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

1.-THE Blaine organs are embarrassed
That hors.'s eyes are sot."--June 5
1876.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

Turn the rascals out!
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

aMr. Blaine, IKE the prize fighter, is
ssiill in the ring, though somewhat dis
figured. '"-Jane 4, fS7S
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"Blaine has been busy B."-June 5
1875.
The spirit of democracy. [volume] (Woodsfield, Ohio) 1844-1994, 1884-09-02

"Tbe Blaine retreat win DOUBTLESS bt
10 the iune Of the Muliigan Guards
June 4, 1875.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29
AT L

Captain Matt Caravan, one of the
Nevada Delegates To the Democratic
National! Convention, passed through ON
his way east by the train last evening
for the purpose Of securing at Chicago
quarters for tie Delegation irnm this
State. Morris Smith Of the California
Delegation, who Is ua It himIilr GRAND,
wns also a passenger. buckley, the
famous political manipulation Of san
Francisco, and James G.. Fair, Jr., were
ais" passengers by the train. We became
aware for the first time that Boss Buck
ley Is stone blind and the knowledge
gnrsiiy strengthened the Impression pre-
Ni"nsly conceived of the extraordinary
force of the man. The fact that
CanHyan was on board reashed
Wells in advance Of the train,
ana "bcn II pulled into the
station he became the recipient Of quite
an ovation. A large number Of cit
izcns had gathered with n baud Of music
which played several pieces, at the con-
clusiuD Of which Mr. Caravan addressed
the crowd briefly, but happily. rccoguiz-
ing tErir action rs IA compliment to the
party manifested through him. Taking
IA cordial leave Ofthe captain, The Inter
stepped on the train and ns il moved
away. waved an adicu to the hearty
cheer SEM out rs a GDd-speed.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29

YOUNG MAIDS SOCIAL.

Quite IL number of the young lady
friends Of the Misses Alice and Jane
Oglesby were very busy yesterday pre-
pairing ice cream and cakes OF the most
delicious quality, and last evening met
at the residence Of one OF the number
and at the appointed hour proceeded in
a body to the residence OF n. z.
Peterson, where the Misses Og-
iesby are spending the Sum-
mer months. After some little time was
passed i'll pleasant conversation and par
taking of the refreshments the surpris-
ers babe thier hostesscs good night and
departed for their homes.
Upon hearing Of the party which took
place last evening, some of the boys re-
marked: what n party; it must have been;
u very grand and select affair, and not
n young man there; but just you never
mind, We will give one some time and
We will not invite a single one of you
girls either, we will show you that We
can get along without you just as well as
you can without us md We wont be
afraid when it comes time 10 go home,
neither will we stop and hold our breath
when we see an object moving in the
street i'll front OF us. Girls, you Just
continue your selfish parties if you think
there is no hereafter.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29

During the past few days the town
has been infested with n gang of filthy
tramps, who have made themselves both
by their conduct and language an intol-
cradle nuisance to almost every respect
able citizen. The dirty whelps have
made their rendezvous at the Upper
Freight Honse, and by persistent obsce-
nifty have ~scandalized that whole neigh
borhood. HHuch abOminable creatures,
only human IN shape, are permitted by
the legally constituted authorities
10 annoy and insult citizens with I'M
punity, the parties thus insultsd will be
liable to take the matter in their own
hands and punish the filthy scoundreLa
according to their deserts.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29
o,d M Thursday, Daily.
IhkLNAGUNDL

The Knights Of Pythias hold u regular
meeting at their hall this evening.
LIB. Fitch has gone back to San
Jose. to attend to his brick machine.
Indian Agent j. S. Msyhugh arrived
here from the Duck valley reservation
last evening.
Kate !CRstletOn and the Surprise
Party" passed eastward by the train
last evening.
L j. Clunie, Of Saesamepto, the we'll
known lawyer, was a passenger for the
East by the train last evening.
Court convened last evening for the
purpose Of admitting to citizenship
James Daugherty. of Tuscarora.
Thomas Stevens the San Francisco
bicyclist, arrived at Des Moins, Iowa.
Tuesday, in good order and condition.
The arrivals by stage from Tuscarorn
ast evening were: James Daugherty
and Il. Craig. Departed this morning:
James Daugherty.
Mrs. Joannes and family, Of Eureka,
arrived here Tuesday evening. She Is
visiting her sisters, MB J. L. Keyser
and Mrs A W. Hesson.
). Henderson has just put in position
on his bank building a couple of hand.
some gilt signs, which add materially tc
its outward embellishments.
1t is stated upon reliable .authont,
that Mrs Susie Ragsdale, formerly Of
this place, now Of Tuscarora. is about to
he married to a gentleman of that place
Miss Lizzie Ainley, a sister Of John
Ainiey, Of this place, passed through
here las: Monday, on u visit to he
brothers family who are now in Clover
dale, Cal.
Freight received this morning are I
carload Of lumber and the Republican
fiaS-pole, for Tuscarora; two carloads o
ties for the railroad company and n hay
derrick for W. T. Smith.
Allen Penrod arrived rere from Islam,
Mountain last evening and returns i'm
mediately. He informs us that he con
templates moving to the Wood Rive
Country some time this Summer.
1t Is announced by the Chicago com
mittee that the various railroads vii
carry all persons attending the Nationa
Democratic Convention for one fare TO
the round trip, good from July 9Th, t,
the 18th.
The closing exercises at the Stat
University, tomorrow, will embrace !
review in mathematics, reading an,
compositions, defamation, etc, an,
will be highly interesting. The publ
are cordially invited to be present.
On the Fourth of July the refresh
ment tables (Which will be for tn
children only will be spread in ]. Hend
e%rson's building opposite the Hotel
between the Gem and the old Ban
building; the hour for refreshment bein,
from IL a NJ to ~ N.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29
FOuRTH or july.

Great Efforts arc being made by the
different committees Of the coming indie
pcndence Day to make it II success, and
one long to be remembered by all those
taking part in, or Witnessing the exer-
cises. Every thing that can be will bc
done by the Elkoitcs to make it an en-
joyable occasion &c those coming from
abroad of whom it is hoped there will be
n goodly number.
The morning and afternoon process
ions and the exercises at the Hall will be
well worth witnessing; the fireworks it
il intended shall he something grandcr
than any thing in that line Witnessed in
Elk for years. As to the ball in the
evening, the young folks and those who
trip the light fantastic will be sure to
make it pleasant for all those attending.
The races on the 9TH will not require
any extra attractions to make them in
tcresting to both sidcs, to the winner
because of his superior knowledge OF
good points i'll horse mcing. Our horse
reporter has gone down to Moline for n
rest and to recuperate his health, by
fishing and swinging in his hammock
under the large trees at that famous
watering place.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29
From Tuesdays Dails.l
sALMAGUNDI.

The mill at Mineral Hill is now run.
ming. reducing tailings.
Miss Lizzie Dorsey arrived here from
Eureka. where she is teaching school,
yesterday.
The most vicious assaults upon the
Republican candidate for the Presidency
come from Republican journals.
Mrs. Ledick and daughter came in by
private conveyance yesterday from their
home in Lamoille Valley.
Departed by stage for Tuscarora this
morning: II. Craig, J. II. Triple, ]. 7.
Babco1. Arrived last evening: two
Cinnamon.
A few days ago the little son of c. f.
Bickncll, of Carson, Was cut on the
knee with n sickle in the hands of a
playmate, and fears of blood poisoning
are excited.
Commissioner ]. T. Bsbcox has re-
turned from Truckee, where lie arranged
for the shipment of II fine flagstaff
which Is to be erected at Tuscarora by
the Republicans of that camp.
A break IN the Roberts Island levee,
near Stockton, Cal, will probably cause
the destruction Of 5000 acres Of fine
grain, now almost ready to cut. Rem
tiers will be ths principal losers.
Since IT has become "A settled fact that
the dinner on the Fourth Of July is for
children only, some Of the larger growth
are anxious TO know what ages are in
c!uied aud where the dinner is to be.
SamIel F. Hopkins. aged 81 years, a
brother and one OF the heirs of Mark
Hopkins Of the CentraI Pacific Com
pany, died at St. Clair Michigan, Sat-
urlny. Deceased leaves u wife and sew
erul children.
Joe Roscnstock has already made a
fine display Of bunting, and the boys are
beginning to hunt bottles and sacks, and
boarding up the proceeds from selling
the same, that they may each have one
or more Of those haSs ON the Fourth.
John ~T-egonning is concentrating ore
from the RESCUE mine, Silverdo, Ut tho
Pinto mill. lie is making Al trial OF q
process 10y which he thinks any guam
tity Of lead ores can be made probable.
iIc Is experimenting with n lot OF 20
tons.
Walker Lake Dullctin: Dennis Kcar-
ncy wants to be bought of; lac has an
nounced himself for Blaine. Kcarney
will hurt any cause he advocates, and
his pretended friendship is the only SER
ious opposition which Blaine will meet
on the Coast.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29

a Salt Lake dispatch OF the 2lst says:
Word comes here that the murderer Of
John Edwards, the brakeman whose
body was found on top of a box car. was
lynched Mt Garrison, Montana. and that
Coles circus, IL of whose employees is
said to have done the shooting, is TO be
mobbed at Helena If it shows up at that
place.
The Utah Traffic Association meeting
having totally failed, the few railroad
mognatcs who came to attend it left to-
day for H." East.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29
From Mondays Daily
RALMAGUNDI.

-
Elk Lodge of Odd Fellows hold h
regular meeting at their hall this even
ing.
D.. Il. Fitch arrived here from San
Jose by the train last evening and will
remain in town u few days.
This section was favored with another
nice thunder shower this evening. at
which the grass and other green things
laughed heartily.
County Commissioner Glenn, Of
E'meralda, retires and the Governor
appoints A. c. May, of Aurora. Who
was it is said They seldom die and
never resign"
w. L. Smith received a carload of
Schuttler wagons from Chicago, to- day.
\ carload Of general merchandise was
also received from the West and a cur of
wood from Wells, to-day.
CongreSsmpr ". c. Calkins is the
Republican nominee fer Governor of
Indiana, and it is confidently believed
that Thomas A. Hendricks will be nom
mated for that position by the Demo-
Gratis OF Indiana.
Sam Gates, Billy Jewell end Jerry
Regain, who are prospecting at Column
bin, struck II three foot ledge Il few days
ago, specimens hom which assay $3.50
per ton. Clay lrlnId presented the
Time.-Iieyiew with one.
The train from the IVES: last evening
arrived here two hours behind time in
consequence of the heating Of u journal.
An axle was taken from one OF the cars
and replaced 10y II new one at CGrlin,
beiore the train could proceed,
John liowclls' l2.horse team arrived
from Tuscarora this morning aud will
load bacH with freight for Pri.uc.ux X
Co. II brought down II sinai! lot of
Good Hope ore for shipment to the
Sandy reduction works, in Utah.
Onr readers will De glad to hear that
Ben. Icates is getting along fully IA
well as could reasonably H. hoped for.
From DIR. Meigs, who had just returned
from his daily examination Of Mr..
Ieates' wounds, we learn that the
chances Of saving the patients leg are
increasing and the Doctor is hopeful OF
the most favorable results that could bc
secured III 50 severe a case.
Warner * Co, loaded for Tuscaro-a
today, the following frcights: Limos
Roach's teams, 10000 pounds general
merchandise; Robert Hubs team,
p, 900 pounds salt; NcIs. Petcrson's
teams, 5000 pounds merchandise and
lumber; T. Ashhy' 5 teams, 5000 It lum-
Ter; Ben. Yates teams, 5000 pounds
merchandise; +. Groom's team, 1000
feet lumber; J. +. burners team, $500
feet lumber l.. S. Ycates' team, 1900
pounds MERCHANDISE.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29

The Independent Republican Organ.
ization Committee. met i'm New York
Friday and chose GCoLGc William Cnrtis
ma Chairman. IL was decided 10 name
the committee the "JndCpcndeut Repub.
'ican Committee" The following docu-
mcnt was approved aud will be circulated
throughout the country for signatures:
THE undersigned. protesting ngninst
the nomination of Mr.. Blaine md Mr..
Logan, propose 10 join their fellow Re.
publicnns md independent voters in
"thding representatives to the general
conference Ia bc held Immediately after
The Democratic NATIONAL Convention,
which conference shall consider, In case
h Democratic nominations 10 not JUS
tty the support Of the protesting Repub.
Leans, what further action may lr ne.
cossnry Ia secure candidates who will
appeal to the interests of clean and hon
est policies and the sober, honest sense
OF the American people"
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29
Closing Exercises.

Last Friday, the closing exercises Of
Elko Public School were held a. usual,
in the room allotted for that purpose.
The scholars acquitted themselves
most crcdiIhly Of their several parts.
showing that they have all been dilligcnt
and studiows during the term. and that
their TEACHERS have been uutiFimg il,
their efforts Ia promote the interests OF
p"rils entrusted to theft charge.
quite u numbcr Of parents nnl friends
OF TIL school were present ut the excr-
ciscs aud all appeared to he perfectly
satisfied with the manner in which the
scholars have Progressed. After the
exercises were over the tcnrhcrs. who
had "a trent ia waiting for the school and
'~lSiiCrs, gave a signal, when ccrtnin
ones "f the pupils who were in the 81.
cfct, stepped into M adjoining room
and brought in lee cream aud cakes i'm
abundance. This little treat does not
cost n great deal, aud the teachers will
bc more than repaid in nnrr years by
the compliments and Kind words spoken
10y their pupils.
The weekly Elko independent. [volume] (Elko, Nev.) 1872-1887, 1884-06-29
lFrom Saturdays Daily.l
SALNAGCNDi,

Indications are that We are to hay,
more rain.
Amos Roach's teams started for TINS.
caron yesterday.
fuckers loaded their teams with sal,
for Tusearora, to-day.
Vacation at the State University eom.
mGpees Dp the 27th instant.
Miss Esther Frank departed by YES.
terday mornings train for her home in
Eureka.
Departed by stage for T~uscarora YES.
terday morning: W. G. Cord, r. l.,
Enwright.
Mrs. Calden and youngest son Thorn,
as departed by last Saturday mornings
train for San Francisco.
Robert Hunter came in from The
Adobe last Friday night and has been
quite sick since with the cholera morbus
School closed Friday for u vacation OF
two months. When rcopened, the de
d ~p"rtments will be conducted by T. y.
Stone and Mrs. j. Taylor.
The assignment Of his property by
Commodore Garrison, Friday, caused Il
considerable commotion on Wall street
The amount involved 10y the failure i,
said TO be 5000, OCO.
4 son Of T j. league. of Galveston.
was fatally shot 10y his brother while the
boys were at play on their fathers
grounds, Friday. Whether the shot va.
accidental or intentional. is not known.
Charles w. Leach, formerly of Tusca
roTa, now Of Tombstone, Arizona, me,
with u ]scriouslOss on Friday. His house
near the Grand Central mine was fired
10y an inceudiary anl burned to the
ground, eniihng a loss oil -, 900. The
building Mas insured, however.
Jesse Atwrll has leased the water
works for the balance of the season.
taking full charge OF the same, today.
lessee will devote his whole attention to
the business aud Sce that a full SUNNY
OF the aqueous /, kept in the reservoirs
AMI pipes for the use Of customers. lie
vii! hereafter collect the weekly wafer
rates.