davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
The Authorised Pictorial Lives Of Cleve-
land and Hendricks.


Announcement is made Of the rapid com
pletion Of Pictorial work comprising the
Lives oCthe Presidential Candidates on the
Democratic ticket. written by the vereran
author, Col. Frank Trplelt, and published
by N. D. Thompson & Co., 81. Louis, Mo,
aud New York. This work is sold through
agents exclusively. 1t is designed, not
only tn serve the popular taste and want in
giving, exhaustively, the facts in the boy
mood ni the Candidates their private Lives
and Public Seryices-but to have a more
enduring interest than the ordinary Cam
paipn 6onk. To this eud the publishers
have engaged on the work corps of skilled
designers and enerayPrs u elegantly and
profusely illustrate the scenes and incidents
in the lives of these eminent men, now so
pro ninentlv before the people. Personal
anecdotes and "reminiscences will constitute
leading and certainly a most entertain
ing and instructive feature OF this timely
work
Col TripietC has marked ability, and eb-
iOvs especial distinction as Biographical
writer While exhaustive in the recital Of
facts, his powers OF analysis, and his keen
insight into the philosophy of events and
measures. give him spscial prominence
among American writers of personal his
tory. It ls not too much to say that he is
bettet prepared for the work in hand than
any other American author.
The books from his pen, of which several
have been published, have met the popular
taste and been more than ordinarily sue
cessful. They have gwen him high rank
among American authors, and the public
men Of the day. THIS has given him un-
surpassed facilities for procuring all the
material for the work nov IN hand. AS n
book Of fascinating interest, beauty aud
prniuseness Jfilustratidn. aud of chmpre
hensiveness Of fact, IL will comment itself
to eUsrJ rotsT.
To the book agent this rare combination
Of authentic history, pictorial illustrator
and brilliant authorship, will at once sug-
gest the universal demand II vii create.
and also the advantages in interest It
has over the ordinary Camraign book +,
aud the grand opportunity it offers for pro-
tilable agency. We advertise it in another
column.
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
hot Complimentary.


The critically critical ostiic; Of Allens
town, thus eriteses the actions Of Lehi gu
Caps youthful musicians, in iis issue Of last
Friday, 18th inst; "Lebigh Gap Is one Of
the choicest garden spots In Carbon county
Every diversity OF natural rcenery-'rock,
tree and flowing wnter"- hoighten and
lend enchenttnent to ts charms. Where
every prospect pleoses, the men Of that
favored place are far from being lsRgards
Ia the procession, II we except eighteen
mslevolsnt Lehigh Gappers or Gapsrs who
have coEapired TO rob the children Of men
in the garden spot Of all that life holds dear,
and OF nullifyins the attractions OF nature.
The eighteen venomous eoRs Of Beelfebub,
Belial and Mcrhfstopheles have combined
their poison and Joined their Kissing
tongues together In en- effort to star, brass
band"
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
Prevention Better than Core,


In view ofthe possible spread OF the cholera
now prevalent in Europe, to this country We
give the following rules OF prevention for the
oenent of our readers;
Observe strict cleanliness In your person
and clothing.
Change your under garments daily.
Be regulafin your habits OF life, meals,
exercise and sleep.
Dress comfortably for the season and avoid
the night air as much as possible.
Avoid the use OF alcoholic drinks.
Live temperatelyf avoid all excesses in
eating crude, raw and indigestible food, es-
pscially cabbage, salad, eucumbers and un-
ripe fruit.
A greater safety will be secured by boiling
all water used for drinking purposes.
Partake Of well-cooksd beef and mutton
rice well.boiled, and avoid pastry and lsKa-
tive fruit.
Take your meals at regular seasons.
Avoid bodily fatigue and mental eIhaus
tion. By excitement or violent exercise you
increase the susceptibility Of the system TO
disease.
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
NOTICE I

I. Reuben Reinsmith do hereby certify that
there is Misunderstanding IN relation 10
Samuel Evert when Supervisor OF Mahoning
Township in rogard to hts paying IS per day
for teams for hauling and charging % 80 70
81 90 per day on hie book. This / am sure Is
not true whoever may say IL, because his
hook which was examined and settled by the
Township A udltOrs, clearly proves that such
a report is false. And Samuel Evert will
prosecute any man who says anything like
IL hereafter - the tuil extent Of the law.
say this IN Jus Ice 20 Mr.. Evert.
REUBEN REINsMITH.
July ., isss)--7ts
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
Lower Towamensing Items.

Mrs. WetEel, was visiting her parents
at Fire Line, last week, and on returning to
her homo at Weatherly she learned that her
son Freddie had been run over by a coal
train, which crushed his foot 50 that am
putniion was necessary.
The Lehigh Gap band is getting along
finely.
Robert sherer moved his family 10
Weissport during this week.
Farmers should make it business 10
destroy all wild CARROTS as soon as they
make their appearance.
There will DO no services Ia the ST.
Johns church, next Sunday week, owing
to the dedication Of Tire Big Greek church.
Nt which Rev. Freeman will be present
All are cordially invited to attend.
-Rumor has it that the Carbon Iron and
Pipe Co.. will erect a new pipe foundry at
Parryville.
George Smith, Of Philadelphia, spent
his vacation here with his parents. Cos,
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26

mlAutnB MtuB Itehburn.
On the Beth Of June Miss Lizzie Fish
burn, teacher at the Mount Pleasant
roboels in HaEleton Township, went to
Hasleton ana purchased railroad ticket 10
Wilkes Barre. She arrived In that city the
same day for the purpose Of attending the
examination for permanent certificates,
which was held on the sOth Of June. On
that day she appeared before the committee
and passed very satisfactory examination 1.
Since then nothing has been seen or heard
Of her. When she left HsEleton she told
Der brother that she would visit at wilkes.
Barre for several days and then 70 to
Phillpsburg, Centre County, where she
would spend the rest Of her vacation. She
also told her parents the same thing. Miss
Fishburu's parents waited anxiously for her
arrival, but week after " eek passed and she
had not arrived. About a week ago they
wrote to her brother Robert, who liYes at
Mount Pleasant, asking why she did not
come home. Robert had thought eyer
siDce she left Hazleton tlat she was at
home. He at once wrote back to his par
ents that he had not seen or heard Of his
sister since the SOth Of June, when she leli
Hasleton to go to Wilkes Barre. Search
was made for the missing gill at once.
WILKES Barre was thoroughly overhsuled
by her brother, accompanied by Chief oI
Police Myers and detectives and others
Dispatches haye been sent to all places
where she would he likely to visit, and
descriptions Of her cent to police authorities
in all the towns throughout this section o.
the State, but Miss Fishburn's 3 wherea bout
Is still a mystery. The girls parents are
nearly frantic with grief aud are usni
every opportunity that presents itself il
endeavorng to end what has become o
her. 1t is feared that she is victim of lou
/ rIau
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
Our Neighborhood in Brief.

A pretty Franklin schoolma'am and a youth
of fmien sedate
Were parting in the evening beside the gar
den gate;
His hand and heart he'd offered, IN grave
and sober way,
And she. with quiet dignity, had named tho
happy day.
He fingered at the door with her,end said,
In accents low:
"Th,re is little favor 1 would ask before
1go,
A favcr never asked befOrei sweet maiden, It
is this,
A lovers privilege, that is all, a sweet be.
trothal kiss"
"If you watt" the maiden whispered, with
her color rising high,
"Till remove my specta cles I'll willingly
comply"
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
$4,000 REWARD |

II having been reported that I, the under
signed, had shot a tramp, who had been seen
lettering around my premises In East Penn
twp, Carbon Co., Pa, in the early part Of
May last, and as such report is entirely un.
true and without any foundation in TACT.
hereby offer the above reward to any person or
persons who viii come forward aud prove
that either killed. wounded or shot at any
such person or any other. and any person
giving publicity 10 said report or Tumor af-
ter this date will be dealth with according 10
law. b. F. HABERM AN,
EAST PEEN, Twc- PA.
June 18th. isst-WG
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
A GARD.
Mauch Chunk, Pa, June 8, 1854.

Mauch Chunk, Pa, June 8, 1884.
Mr.. JoHN S MILLER, Replrter Franklin
Lodge, No. 2os1, Of H., Weissport, Pa,
DEAR SIR-I beg to acknowledge receipt
of order for 32o00 amount OF insurance held
in your lodge ~ my late hu usband, A. ID.
Packer. desire to express my most earnest
thanks for the prompt adjustment oi this
matter, also for the true brUthery kindness
shown mo by the several members az the
time Of my husbands death. l trust may
always duly appreciate their kindness, ana
the great benefit to me and niine Ia the dark,
est and saddest days that can ever befall n
wife and mother. l take great pleasure in
commenting your frHternul order 10 all
people. Most trdly yours,
MARY NJ. PACKER.
July 12.wSA
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
SPECIAL NOTICE.

There being several hundred dollars
standing on my books for subscription 70
the CARBON ADVOCATE, advertising and
job work, respectfully request those in
debted 10 make immediate settlement
by postal note or money order payable al
the Weissport post Office, or by draft oI
check. Those having claims against us
will present them for settlement.
Very respectfully,
j. Y. MORTHIMEK sR.
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
Obituary.

Obituary.
Alfred Lenis, long time resident Of
Beaver Run Valley, and an old time hotel
keeper of Maueh Chunk, died very sudden
ly at the American Hotel, in the latter
place, on Saturday morning last, aged about
65 yoars. Deceased for a long time had
been complaining OF rheumatic Affections
but no one anticipated bis death so sudden
ly. He had in the spring removed from
this section, and taken up his home with
his daughter at ssyrs, and had returned
here on a visit to his friends a few days
prior to his death, He arose on Saturday
morning aud partook Of a slight repast
and sitter oOnversing with bis friends com,
planned that he did not feel well, and re,
turned to bis room to lie down. and shortly
thereafter, Mrs. Jarrard entered his room
and found him dead. Deceased was sor
Of fthedeesased john Lentz. Of this borough
and was respected by ell wao knew him
The funeral took place on Tuesday, aut
was largely attended by reistiYes suC
friends. Re'g1isssst is pace,
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
T1Ie Carhpit 9drntate,
SATURDAY. JULY 20, 1884.

SPECIAL NoTICE.-Persons making
payments to this office by money orders or
postal notes will please make them payable
at the WErssPoRr Posi- OFFICE, as the Lee
highton office is NOT a money order office
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
WE DO NOT CLAIM

thar HOOPS sAhsAPAR1LLA will cure every.
thing, but the fact that on the purity and
vitality OF the blood depend the Yigor ana
health Of the whole system, and that disease
Of various kinds is often only the sign that
nature IS trying to remove the disturbing
cause, we are naturally led 10 the conclusion
that remedy that gives life and yigor TO
the blood, eradicates seroiula and other I'M
puritlcs from it, as HOOPS SARsAPARiLLA
undoubtedly does, must be the means pre-
venting many diseases that would occur
without its use; hence the field OF It's useful
ness is quite an extended one, and we are
warranted In recommending u for all DE,
rangemcnis Of the system wi,leh are Causeo
by an unnatural state OF the blood
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
MARRIED.

EsCH H-DIEHL AT the residence of the
brides parents, Saturday, July l9lh, by
Rev. II. Kuder, James II Esch and
Miss Emms Diehl, both Of Lehighton'
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26

DIVORCES ABSOLUTE nIyoR,
residing throughout the United States and
Canada for desertion, nun-suTport, intemper.
ADre, cruelty, ineompatiDility, etc. Advice
free. STATE your case and address
ATT, iRREf WARD, World Building, l1eI
Broadway New YORK, July l2Iy'
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
Commissioner's Notice.

A. Norab Beniamin,b.- hsr1 In the Court OF
next friend, y. D. Bying Common Pleas
ton, Libellant. OfOarbon' ounty
VS.. No. 3. June H.,
Manly A. B,nlamln, Re- $50. No. o,
spondent. April L 1854
TO MANLY A. BENJAMIN, Respond.
enl above named;
SIR;-IOu are hereby notified that the uu-
dersgned has been appointed by the Court
OF Common Pleas Of Carbon County a Com.
missioner in Divorce for the purpose OF taking
the & stmOny In the above stated proceed-
ceedings. The said Commissioner In obedi-
ence u said appointment will meet all par.
ties interested on FRIDAY. the ! irst lay OF
AUGUST, A. u. 1884, at TEN O'clnsk a. m,
nt his olice in the Borough Of MGneh Chuhk,
Pa, Tor the purpose If said p.ointment. At
said time and place you are requested 10 b.
present wi tn YOUR witnrssee.
FRED. BERrOLErTE, Commissioner,
Mauch Chunk, Pa. July LIST, leS4.
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
FROM THE PEOPLE.


We do not hold ourselves responsible for
the opinions of our correspondents expressed
under this head.
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26

Estate Notice.
Estate Of ELIEABETs SEEN, late Of Lower
TOWamensing Township, Carbon Co., Pa,
Deceased.
All persons indebted to said estate are re-
quested to make immediate payment, and
those having legal claims against the same
will present, without delay in proper order
for settlement, to
w. W. BOWMAN, Admir-
L.ehighton, Pa.
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
WANTED.

Applications for the Primary School. in
Weissport, term Seven Months, Salary $50
per month. None but experienced teachers
need apply. by order Oi thg Board,
5t j. B. ALBRIGHT, Sec'y,
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
Why Suffer with Sah-Rheum ?

MEssRs. c. I. HooD & Co., Lowell, Mass.
Gentlemen-I was a great sufferer from
Salt -Rheum on my limbs, for dozen years
previous 10 the summer Of ls{6, At which which
fine i was cured by Hoods Sarsapafilla.
The skin would become dry. chap, crack
oren, bleed aud Itch intensely; Sc, that l
could not help scratching, which OF course
made them worse At the time ] com
menced taking Hoods Sarsaparilla (in lhe
summer Of 1870 they were so bad that they
discharged and was obliged 70 keep them
bandaged with linen cloths. The skin was
drawn 50 tight by the heat Of the disease
that II stopped over they would crack open
and actually bring tears into my eyes, Inc
drst bottle benefted me so much that con-
tinued taking Il till was cured used one
box Of Hoods Olive Ointment 10 relieve the
itching Hoping many others may learn the
value OF Hoods sarsaparilla and receive as
much benefit as have, ] am,
Very truly yours, s
Mrs. s. S. MOODY,
No. 70 Broadway.
Lowell, Mass, Jan. IS, 1875.
Hoods Sarsaparilla
Is sold by druggists. Price 81, or six for S6
Prepared by Q. !, HOOD s. o., Lowell, Mass
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26

SOM
Take thy
best girl loa
lee cream parlnr
Gnd treat her. Thou
must remember that the
CLIMATE is warm, and that thy
girl is slso the same. Yes. my son,
when thou lakpst a walk IN the com
pany Of thy beloved, during these sultry
evenings, forget not that ice cream is
great conlrr, and will surely cool
her, When thou art about il,
get the best, and thou art
probably aware that
the best cream is
kept by Lew
is Wehry
Bank
St.
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26
if you order now.

During June there were Ave mining
accidents in the PoLtsyille district, eleven
in the Shenandoah aud fifteen iu the
Shamokin district. Seven persons were
killed. Mining is attended now with
fewer casualties than formerly. Miners
know better how to protect themselves and
inspectors are mole skilled and more amen
oI, L. t, 10
The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-26

T. V. MoRTHIMER eR,
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21
rnE WOOL COMMIs>IONERs.

Col. CAMPBELL PALMER and T. II.
BUCHANAN, Esq, returned from WASH
ingtOn City yesterday, where they have
been for few days talking wool tariff
to Congressman. Both these gentlemen
are convinced that no change will be
made in the tariff this winter. There is
scarcely q probability that the crude
and absurd bill reported by Mr.. NOR
RIsoN will pass the House, and there Is
not the slightest possibility that it will
pass the Senate even should it get
through the House. II Is believed that
1t Is not bill to reduce the War Taxes,
but bill which, by inviting sn in-
crease Of importatious, would increase
the amount Of tax collected.
Mr.. BUCHANAN says that he had
long talks with Mr.. CONvERsE, and
that the latter gentleman is still hope
full that his bill to restore the tariff on
wool, which was stricken Off by the last
Republican Congress, will yet pass, He
will continue to make vigllsnt and
pluGky fight for it, and Is not without
hope Of success
Both Mr.. PALMER and Mr.. BUCH.
ASAN we're much pleased with their
visit to Washington and with the
courteous reception extended them by
the members with whom they came 10
contact.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21
RECENT REMARKS.

Henry B. Payue-Mr. Morrison and the
men who are his followers have made q
great mistake.
Many Idolatrous Democratic newspapers
Mr.. Tilden speaks in q whisper, but 1t is
q WHISPER that can be heard around the
world.
Watterson-It Is simply shocking to
think that there should be Democrat who
refuses to support such a measure as the
Morrison tariff bill.
Fred Douglas-My plan Is to have col.
ored men run for delegates to the Chicago
convention in every district. want my
party to show its faith by Its works.
Mahone-We will drop the name Read.
sdiuster and henceforth ally ourselves with
that great national party which favors the
protection of Virginia's mineral, mechanl-
cal and industrial interests.
August Belmont-From the way the fight
is now shaping itself believe that Flower
will become more prominent than any one
else as New Yorker and an Eastern can.
didate. and that his great antagonist Will
be Payne.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21
WHY.
Tn Ire Editor Of re Rerister.


"There are wOrkingmen in Wheeling
who earn in the iron mills more tnsn
Mr.. Congressman Gibson makes by
practiciDg law. Their families don't
sleep on straw pallets. "-Intelligencer
Well, trhs do they make such good
wages, Mr.. Intelligencer? Answer
truly il you dare. People who are not
trying to make political capital out OF
the tariff, knowing it to be simply d1d
tnb matter of business, think our
skilled wOrkmen receive high wages
because they combine and force manu-
fscturers to pay them. Did you ever
hear Of the "Amalgamated Associs-
tion," Mr.. Editor? Our lsborers who
are not protected by this association re-
ceive about s. per week when the mills
are running. The excessively high
wages We are forced to pay by this as
ISOLATION has done much more than uu-
informed people imagine towards ruling
our popular nails out Of the leading
markets. Buyers like them best, but
won't pay Us premium because We
pay high wages. Hence we are COM
ptllsd to stop while eastern msnu!sc-
turers run.
A REPUBLICAN NAIL MAN.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21
Charleston, on Wednesday, April is, 1884

At 10 o'clock q M, for the purpose OF APP
pointing four delegates to represent the State
at large IN the Democratic National Conven-
ton TO be held at Chicago on the sth day Of
JulS. 1854, to minstsesndidates for Presi-
dent OF the United States; to appoint State
Executive COMMITTEES; 20 take such steps for
the more perfect organization OF the party
In West NiTginis a. shall be deemed wise and
expedispt, and to transact such other and
further business for the welfare Of The party
IS may properly come before IL,
Itis recommended that the Democrats OF
the several counties meet At their respective
Court Houses, on saturday, April 5, 1854, al
o'clock D. m, unless some other day be nxed
by the County Executive Committee, and
appoint delegates to said convention, on the
basis of one delegate for each one hundred
votes cast at the October election In 1850 for
Governor J. B. Jackson ana one delegate for
each Traction Of one hundred votes OF hfty
and over.
1t Is further recommended that the dele
gates from II . respective Congressional Dis
tIicts, while In attendance sT the state Con-
ventioD, separate themselves into Congress
sional district Conventions and select two
delegates each to represent their respective
Districts In The Democratic National Con-
yenliop. D. Il. LEONARD
Chairman.
II. r. HOWARD, Secretary.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21

and calls attention to his famous revolt
against Grantism in 1872, when the hon
est Governor refused to float in the
current Of Radical jobbery and rob5scy.
In our humble opinion the question is not
what Gibson, Pierpont or aRvbody else
may have said about George Wesley Ath =
500, but just what this latter gentlensn
may have done. That's the issue, and on
it re will have to stand or fall. II the
charges Of corruption brought against him
are without fOuDGation, and that fact can
be established, why should not Atkinson
not only favor but demand an investiga-
ton? HIS character will suffer nothing
from an inquiry into his official acts IL
there have been no irregularities in his
conduct. On the contrary. every obstacle
thrown in the path OF such an invesuga-
ton will simply serve 70 impress the pub
lie with the belief that the charges are
trina
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21

THE New York half breeds are for
BLAINE. Here and there, says the Sun,
one OF the factions may speak of Ed
MUNDS or LINCOLN, or even SHERMAN,
but the great body wear the badge Of
the plumed knight. He is just as much
a candidate as he ever was. 1t is only
his methods that have changed. In
1876 and 1880 he went after delegates
with brass band. Now he is on the
still hunt,
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21

Mr.. hEIrrI is in tough way. II
he is not expelled for perjury, 1t will
simply be on account of the lenlency Of
the House.
And this Is the man whom the Rs.
publieans once elected rs Speaker, and
nominated for the Office q second time
in caucus.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21
DIED.

MONAHAN-On Thursday, March 20, at
u 80 q. M, ANN BURKE, wife OF John Mona
han, aged 50 ears.
Funeral will take place from the residence
OF her husband, No. Thirty-Ehird street, on
Saturday at o'clock p. m. Interment at Mt.
Calvary cemetery. Friends OF the family are
Invited to attend.
wITTEN.-At the residence OF Capt. VIM.
Clark, west Of Bridgeport, Wednesday night
So years
Funeral Friday sfts rnoon at O'Clock. In
tsrment at Mt. Wood cemetery. Friends OF
The family respectfully invited to attend.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21

MIR. TILDEN is of the opinion that
the attempt to reform Republican mis-
rule and corruption would be too much
for him. Certainly there is something
in this, 6ut Mr.. TILDEN is still capable
of cutting out the work.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1884-03-21

The general belief is that Mr.. TILDEN
will consent to become q candidate
when he discovers that the best inter
ests of the Democratic party demand
it, and that the Democratic masses in
sist uDOn IL