The Carbon advocate. [volume] (Lehighton, Pa.) 1872-1924, 1884-07-05

nations and ages, tastefully arranged OF
the walls aud In the cases. Among tb
curiosiiies we notice Rob Roys guu
Montrose's aword. the rusty keys of th,
old Tolbooth at Edinburgh and mau,
others, The great entrance hall is ais,
adorned with relics aud curiosites
Here are several figures in armor, will
huge two handed swords nearly as tall al
themselves, and many other mementoi
Of the rude warfare of the middle ages
Around the cornice are the armoria
bearings Of the Douglasses, the SCOTS
the Kers and many other stout horde,
clans who. as the inscription tells u,
"Keepit the Marchys of Scotland in th,
old tyne for the kynge." The grounds
about the house are beautifully laid oul
and give many fine views. 1t is impos.
sible to visit without interest these rooms
and places 80 familiar to the great "Wjg
ard of the NORTH and it was with our
love for him and our appreciation of his
work greatly increased that we bade
adiar to Abbottsford and Melrose and
took the train for England.
Newcastle. our FIRST stop after crossing
the border,is an ancient town and is now
one of the most important in northern
England. Its coal trade is enormous,
carrying Goals to Newcastle" having
long been the synonym for taking things
where they were not needed, and it's
manufacture of iron. glass, pottery, etc,
extensive. The principal object of our
visit was to secure information concern
ing the wages and general condition of
the working classes; and having inter.
viewed several workiugmen and trades
people, (the result of which will be given
later) We pass on to Durham, IA miles
farther south.
This city stands on nm etninence nearly
encircled 10y the river WeNr, and on the
heights are the castle and the cathedral
both dating back TO the eleventh cen.
tury,and forming a striking picture. The
castle has lost its wa-like uses and is now
the seat of Durham University. The
cathedral, which is the finest ofthe GREAT
English churches which we have seen. is
grand specimen of Norman work. To
which has since been added other nor.
tons III different styles of architecture
Besides the original trausept, it possesses
an eastern trausept, added in the 13th
century and richly decorated. The nav4
with It's massive piers and semieircnlar
archesj would be almost stern in it's sol.
ldlty, were 1t not for the peculiar zipzau
and latlced ornamentation of the uiIhrs
ana the rich carving of the choir screen
about 6O miles south of Durham is
York, which Was an old town when Ac.
ricola "a. d. 7S) occupied it. 1t has
had wondrons history. Here Hadrian
liVed and SeYerns died ,and here, accord
Ing 10 some authors, Copstantine the
Great was born. Here the first E ,rlish
Parliament was held and for many wears
this ancient city was one OF the most i'm
portant in the Kingdom. The walls OF
the city are over two miles in extent and
after having withstood many sieges have
been permanently preached by the mod.
ern railway train. They are of different
dates and stll's and are now used os n
public promenade.
York Minister is of course the chief nt.
traction 1t stands on the site of an old
Saxon church, in which, in G27 King
En%ln OF Northumbria was baptized.
within the crypt may still be seen por.
tons oil the original wall, surrounded by
another. built IN the eighth century and
the whole enclosed by the walls OF the
existing edifice, portions of which were
erected at different times during t, 10Th
18th. 18th and 18th centuries. It's total
length Is 524 feet, being the largest in
northern Ecrope and the third largest IN
the world. 1t is especially rich in stain.
ed glass, its great east wiudow--7G feet
in height by so feet in width--still re-
talns Its original glazing (l405-S) and
is ftgalded bv many as the finest in ex-
lstence. Tho nave. with it's immeps.
columns, some of which are over fifteen
feet In diameter. and its symmetrical
arches, over 100 feet above the pavement
is one of the most Impressive in the
world, and the effect which this style of
architecture must have had upon the
popular mind iu the ages of the past, is
lncnculable; and even now there il mn |
indescrlbablc msjss'y and power in these |
mighty aisles which at most con,pels one
to worship. But we will spare onr rend- |
er' any further infllctiou in this letter in |
the way of church architecture aud hurry
on to Sheffield, which, while il may moi
possess the interesting associations of
these old cathedral towns is far more
practical III its influence on the great
nineteenth century.
Sheffield is the centre Of the iron and
steel industry of Great Britnin, and its
forests OF chimneys pour upon the town
cloud OF smoke which dickens the air,
as well rs everything else. Here. as
elsewhere in the United Kingdom, '.over
production" Is the cry, and a CORES.
pondlng sthgnatlou in business is the re.
salt. American manufactures have also
been largely introduced in the past few
Years, aud although requiring at home
4 heavy protection" fiud no diGiculty
IN competing here WITH 1.-THE pauuer Ia.
Dor OF Europe" From She h-field we take
4 flying trip to "Chaisworth. one of the
country seats of the Duke of Devopsbire.
md regarded as the finest residence IN
England. Certainly its richly decorated
mansion with its valuable collection of
'tatnes, pictures and books and the ex.
ensive gardens and conservatory, com.
1rising over 100 acres. the whole in the
midst OF vast park where herds of cat
lie, sheep and deer are seen feeding in
very direction. would seem to leave Int.
lie more to be desired.
Birmingham. another of the GREAT
manufacturing centres of England, was
'ur next stopping place, and Is only
ew hours ride from Chatsworlb. Here
5 located the immense mauufactory of d
'Gllots" steel pens, famous the world Q
ver, ms well MS hundreds of other i'm. !
'ortant industries. Like Sheffield. how
Yer, its trade has been seriously Injured
y the Introduction of American goods;
nd few years ago some of it's manu- {
acturers attempted to place their goods y
pom the market bearing an American
tamp; but the fraud WIS soon discover :
d end the enterprise failed. Many Of
Is shops are now idle and many of the l
est aud most enterprisiug youug work. '
ngmen haYe been driven by the arbitrary 4
Trades Unions" to seek room for devei.
pment in America