Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1884-07-24

diers, sailors and their famllies-an extrav-
agance which embodies the highest form of
justice in the recognition and payment of
sacred debt. When reduction of taxation is
to be made the Republican party can be
trusted to accomplish it in such form as vii.
most effectively aid the industries of the
Nation.
oUR FOREIGN COMMERCE.
A frequent accusation BY our opponents
is that the Foreign Commerce of the coun-
try has steadily decayed under the influence
Of the Protective Tariff. In this way they
seek TO array the importing interest against
the Republican party. IL is a common, and
yet radical. error TO confound the commerce
of the country with its carrying trade-an
error often committed innocently and some
times designedly-but an error 50 gross that
it does not distingu III between the ship and
the cargo Foreign commerce represents
the exports and imports OF a country re-
CARELESS Of the nationality of the vessel that
NAV carry the commodities of exchange.
Our carrying trade has from obvious causes
suffered many discouragements since 1860.
but our foreign commerce has in the same
period steadily and prodigiously increased
which absolutely dwarf oil previous devel-
opments of our trade beyond the sea. From
1861 10 the presen; time the Foreign Com
merce of the United States divided with
approximate equality between experts and
imports reached the astounding aggregate
Of n 600, 600. The balance in this vast
commerce inclined in our favor, but it would
have been much larger if our trade with the
countries Of America, elsewhere referred to,
had been more wisely adjusted.
Il IS difficult even 10 appreciate the mag
nitude of our export trade since 1850 and
we can gain correct conception Of il only
by comparison with preceding results in
the same field The total exports from the
United States from the Declaration Of In
dependence in l776 down to the day Of Lin
coins election IN 1850, added to all that had
been previously exported from the Amer
can colonies from their original settlement,
amounted to les thaA $4,000. 900 900. On
the other hand our exports from 1860 to
the close of the las, fiscal wear exceeded
Sl2.oO0.o0 ,000-the whole Of it being the
product Of American labor. Evidently 4
protective tariff has not injured our export
trade when. under is influence. we exported
IN tven,y-iour wears forty per cent. more
than the total amount that had been export
ed IN the entire previous history Of Amer-
can commerce. All the details. when ana
lived, correspond with this gigantic result
The commercial cil.-s Of the | Mon never
ha4 such growth as have enjoyed since
1860. Oar chief emporium. the city If
New York. with IL dependencies. has with
III that period doubled her population an!
a b. 81,
same period. the imports and export, which
have entered and left her harbor. are more
than double In bu> anu yala. the whole
amount imported "a exported hy her be-
tween the settlement of the first Da,,L col
ony on the island Of Manhattan anil the out
break Of the civil war in 1860
ADEICt Lru m ANp I'M TARIFF
The Aeric4ltur4. interest j, hy far the
.AIsest in the nation. and is entitled in every
adjustment Of revenue laws 10 the first con
>ideraiicn. ANY policy hostile to the f1llcs;
development, Of agriculture in the United
States must be abandoned. Realizing this
fact the opponents of the present system d
revenue have laborel ,erv earnestly 10 per-
>uade the farmers of the United States that
they are robbed BY protective tariff. and
vast influence in ror Of free trade Rnt
happily the farmers America are intel,i-
gent. and cannot be m>l.d hv ,aphisirv
when conclusive facts are before them. They
see plainly tina, during The Pas, twenty four
wears. wealth has not been acquired IN one
section. or by one interest al the expense Of
another section or another interest. They
see tina, the agricultural Sis,e, have made
even more rapid progress than the mauI!ac-
turing States.
he farmers see that III l>6n Mas,a-
chuseits and lliinJ, had about the same
wcalth-between eight and nine hundred
million dollars each-anl tina, in 1850
Massachusetts had advanced to tweniv-s.x
hundred millions. while Illinois had ad-
,auee3 TO thir,y-;Wo hundred millions. The,
see that New Jeg, and Iowa we're lust
equal in p3pu,atiou IN 1860. ami that in
twenty wears the wealth u New Jer,v, ~,
increased by the sum Of eight hundred and
hity millions Of dollars, while the wealth Of
Iowa was increased by the sum Of fifteen
Auul4ed millions. They see that tie nine
leading agricultural States Of the West have
grown - rapidly ~ prosperity that the az
ste-aie addition to their wealth since 1860
i almost as Srea, as the wealth nf the en-
tire country IN that wear They see that
LIE South, winch : almost exclusively agri-
cultural. has Shared the genera. prosper.-
y. and that. having !acoveTrd from the loss
and devastation OF var. las gained 50 rap
IDLY that It's total wealth is at least the
double Of that which it possessed in l>6n.
exclusive Of slaves
In these extraordinary developments the
.. no haf., al 8
market, and they see that the financial and
revenue - stem, enacted since the kepubli-
can party came into poaer, has established
and constantly expanded the home market.
Ihty see that even in the case of wheat
which i our chief cereal export, they have
sold. in the average Of the wears since the
close of the war. three bushels at home 10
one they have sold abroad. aud tina, in the
case Of corn, the only other cereal which we
export 10 any extent. one hundred bushels
have been used at home 10 three and a half
bushels exported In some wears the dis
parity has been so grea: that for every peck
Of corn exported one hundred bushels have
been Consumed in the h0rle market The
farmers see that in the increasing competi-
ton from the grain fields Of Russia and
from the distant plains Of India. the growth
Of the home market becomes daily of great
er concern 10 them and that lis impairment
would depreciate the value of every acre Of
tiiable land in the Union.
OUR INTERNAL COMMERCE.
Such facts as these touching the growth
and consumption Of cereals at home give Us
some slight conception of the vastness Of
the internal commerce If the United States
They suggest also that, in addition to the
advantages which the American people en-
JOY from protection against foreign compe-
tiilon, they ENJOY the advantages of abso-
lutte free trade over 4 larger area and with
greater population than any other nation
The internal commerce OF our tlirly-eight
States and nine Territories is carried on
without let or hiudrance. without tax, de-
tentlon or governmental interference of any
kind whatever. IL spreads freely over an
area Of three and half million square miles
almost equal in extent to the whole CONT
nent Of Europe. Its profits are enjoyed to-
day by iifty-six millions Of American free
men. and from this enjoyment no monopoly
Is created. According 10 Alexander Hamil-
ton, when he discussed the same subject in
1890. 1.-THE internal competition which takes
place does away with everything like mo-
nopoly, and BY degrees reduces the prices Of
articles 10 the minimum of reasonable prof
1t on the capital employed" 1t is impossi-
bic TO point to a single monopoly in the
United States that has been created or fos-
tered BY the industrial system which is up
held by the Republican party.
Compared with our fore: IN commerce
these domestic exchanges are inconceivably