The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1884-07-17
This city stands on an eminenca neorly

heights are the castle and the cathedral
| both dating back 10 the eleventh century
and, forming striking picture. The
castle has loaf It's warlike uses aud Is nov
the seat of Durham University. The
cathedral, which lie the finest of the great
English churches which we have seen, ID
grand speeiman of Norman work, to
| which has since been added other Dor.
tons in different styles Of architecture.
Besides the original trausept il possesses
an Eastern transept, added ia tho 18th
century and richly decorated. The nave,
with its massive piers and semi.circular
arches, would be almost stern In its
solidity, were it not for the peculiar zig
gag and laticed ornamentation of the
pillars and the rich carving of the choir
screen.
about 60 miles South of Durham Is
York, which was an old town when
Agricola "a. d. 78) occupied 1t. It has
had wondrous history. Hero Hedrian
lived and Severns died, and here, accord.
ing 10 some authors, Constantine the
Great was born. Here the frat English
Parliament was held and for many years
this ancient city was one of the most i'm :
poEtant in the Kingdom. The walls OF
the city are over two miles in extent and
after having withstood many sieges have
been permanently preached by the mod.
ern railway train. They are of different
dates and styles and are now used as
public promenade.
York Minister is of course the chief
attraction. 1t stands on tho site of an
old Saxon church, in which, in 627,
King Edwin. of Northumbria, was bap.
tized. Within the crypt may still be
eeen Eortinna Of the original yall, snr~
rounded by another, built in the eighth
century and the whole enclosed by the
walls of the existing edifiee, portions of
which were erected at different times
during the 18th, 18th, 14th and 10th
centuries. Its total length Is 524 feet,
being the largest In Northern Europe and
the third largest in the world. It is
especially. rich in stained glass, its great
East window.76 feet in height by 80 feet
in width--still retains its original glazing
14o5-sl and is regarded by many as
tho finest in existence. The nave, with
its immenae columns, some of which are
over fifteen feet in diameter, and its SYM
metrical arches, over 100 feet above the
pavement, Is one of the most impressive
in the world, and the effect which this
atyle of architecture must have had upon
the popular mind in tho ages of the past.
Is ;Icalculable and even now there is
an indescribable msjesty and power in
these mighty aisles which at most com.
pei, one to worship. But we will spare
our readers any further infliction in this
letter in the way of church architecture
and hurry on to Sheffield, which, while
it may not possess the. interesting associa.
tions of these old cathedral towns Is for
moro practical in its influence on the
great nineteenth century.
Sheffield is the centre of the iron and
steel industry of Great Britain and its
forests of chimEeys pour upon the town a
cloud of smoke which blackens the air, as
we'll as everything else. Here, as else.
where in the United Kingdom, ''oyerpro-
duction" is the cry, and O corresponding
stagnation In business is the result,
American manufactures have also been
lsrgely introduced in the past few years,
and although requiring ct home heavy
protection" find no difficulty in com.
peting here with "the pauper labor of
Europe" From Sheffield we take fly.
ing trip to "Chatsworth," ono of the
country seats of the Duke OIL onshire.
and regarded as the finest re..uence in
England. Certainly its richly decorated
mansion with It's valuable collection of
statues, pictures and books and the ex
tensive gardens and conservatory, com.
prising over 100 acres, the whole In the
midst of vast park where herds of cat
tie, sheep and deer are seen feeding in
every direction, would seem to leave lit.
tie more to be desired.
Birmingham, another Of the great man.
ufacturing centres of England, was our
next etopping place, and is only q few
hours ride from Chatsworth. Here is
located the immense mandatory of
"Gillots" steel pens, famous the world
over, az we'll as hundreds Of other impor.
tant industries. Like Sheffield, however.
its trade has been seriously injured by the
introduction of American goods; and q
few jyrsssS sg0 s00;flaa of Is manufacturers
attempted to plaee their goods upon the
market bearing an American stamp; but
the fraud was soon discovered and the
enterprise failed. Manylof it's ehors ere
row idle aad many Of the bee. and most
enterprising young woTkingmen have
been driven by the arbitrary Grades
Unions" to seek room for development in
America.
Hero, as elsewhere in the Kingdom.
the condition of the "toiling millions''
was made o subject of investigation.
The average wages paid to ordinary
laborers throughout England is about
one pound sterling or little less than
1--WE dollars per week. Mechanics and
skilled laborers receive from $3.50 to So. 90
per week. The price of meats 10 from
10 to 30per cent. higher than in America,
-four about 10 per cent. higher and man.
ufactured goods from 20 to 40 per cent.
lower. The sober ard industrious are.
a. o rule, comfortable and contentei;
while those who ses fit to spend their
sustenanCe in riotous living, find CORES.
ponding grief and tribniation. The
sharp competition they have already ex.
perienced from American manufactures,
has caused many Of. the English people
to give up the hopes they formerly en-.
tertaired as TO the results of Free Traden
In Anetica, aud large quantities of. Brit.
ish capital are seeking Investment beyond
the sea. :f}Sf sgG i,$.Slss
From Birmingham to Stratsord 10 about
20 miles and to an admirer of sbo imn,or.
tai Bard Of Avon" is n delightful oil.
grimage. Like most OF the Counties of
central England, the farms are under
high state of cultivation and the land.
scape views are most pleasing. The old
SHAKESPEARE house, which became nation.
al property In 1847, is restored 60 90 to
present as nearly 40 possible the same ap.
pearance as when the great poet was
born; and the different rooms contain
many old and interesting relics. Strat.
ford Church, Ia which Shakespore is
buried, Is beautifully situated Son the
banks Of the Avon, and 10 approached By
an Byenue shRded with lime trees. Much