davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-04-02
A Deserted City.

Il IS not often that an American town IS
doomed to defamation, but Virginia CITY,
Nevada, affords cue instance al least. Eight
years ago Virginia City and Gold Hill, adiuin-
Ing each other, and practically one town. lad
y, 900 population. IL was the largest CON-
muniiy between Denver and San Francisco.
There were merchants doing business zitd a
million capital. There were private houses
that cost $4,000 TO build and furnish. There
were stamp mills and mining structures that
cost $500, 900 eacl. There were also three
daily newspapers, and a hotel that cost $780,
600. It was a ieening. busy, and money
making population, and among the people
were score or more men worth from $780,
600 to $50, 600 900. Maekay and Fair both
lived there. There were three banks, a gas
company, a water company, q splendid
theatre, and a costly eourt-hOase. Eigh: years
have passed, and the town Is a wreck The
B, 900 people have dviBdled down 10 5000
The hanks have retired from business. The
merchants have closed up and left; the hotel
is abandoned; the gas company Is bankrupt,
and scores Of costly residences lave either
beer taken to pieces and moved away or given
over TO bats. Real estate cannot he given
away for taxes. Nothing eau he sold that
will not cost It's worth 70 move away. The
rich men have ali gone Those who remain
arr the miners, the supcriniendents, and the
SALOON men and gamblers. The latter are
usually the first 10 come 10 a mining i0wli and
the last to leave. The cause OF this decade1-e.
which has swallowed mp millions Of capital
and wrecked the worldly ambition Of thousands
Of persons is the failure Of the Coms,o X ines
to turn ont additional wealtb.-Irgy Tins.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-04-02
How Easy IL is to Die.

IF had strength to hold a pen, / would
write how easy and delightful it is to die,
were the last words Of the celebrated surgeon
Wm. Hunter; and Louis NV is recorded as
saying, with his last breath, Il thought dy-
Ing had been more difficult"
That the painlessneSs Of death is owing to
some beuumhing influence acting on the sen-
sury nerves may lie inferred from tie fact
that untowari external surroundings rarely
trouble the dying.
On the day that Lord CollinEwoOd breathed
his last the Mediterranean was trcmulOus;
those elements which had been the scene Of
his past glories rose and fell in swelling uD-
dulati0ns, and seemed as is rocking him tC
sleep. Capt. Thomas ventured to ask If he
was disturbed by the tossing Of the ship. Nc
Thomas, he answered. "I am now in a state
that nothing can disturb me more-I am dy-
Ing, and ! am sure it must be consolatcry &c
you and all who leve me to see how CON-
fortably am coming 70 my end.
In the QuurirlV Rerisr there is related AZ
instance OF a criminal who escaped death from
hanging by the breaking Of the rope Henry
". Of France sent his physician to examine
him, who reported that after a moments suf-
fering the man saw an appearance like fire,
across which appeared a most beautiful ave
nue. of trees. When 4 pardon was mentioned,
the prisoner ccolly replied that it was not
worth asking for.
Those who have been near death from
drowning, and afierward restored to conscious
ness, assert that the dying suffer but little
pain.
Capt. Marryati states that his sensations at
one time when nearly drowned were rather
pleasan; than otherwise. The first struggle
Tor life once over, the water closing around
me assumed the appearance Of waving green
fields. Il is not a feeling Of
pain, but seems like sinking down, Overpower-
ed by sleep, in the long, soft grasses of the
cool meadow
Now, this Is precisely the condition repre-
scented IN death from disease. Iusensibiliiy
comes on, the mind loses CONSCIOUSNESS Of ex-
ternai objects, and death rapidly and placidly
eusues from asphyxia.
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-04-02
VIENNA FURNITURE:
CRATES OF ASSORTED CROCKERY.

Extension, Ann, Dining Room and Parlur
Chairs. Settles .kc..
Saddles. Calfskins. Glrths. Slirrur leather
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-04-02
nr.rht Peepls in Aatograph A1snn.

A singular pamphlet has made its appear
ance. Il is a description Of autographs in tie
possession Of a Mr. Box, Of New York, who
during three years, has gathered Together a
remarkable list OF letters. The labor and per
sisioncc required in procuring SO large col
lection can snly be appreciated by those who
have gone begging for even few sgcli IA
vors Mr. Box is said TO stand at The head Jt
autograph collectors in this country, and IL Is
exceedingly doubtful whether SO unique a
treasury is 10 be found in the hands uf any one
individual in Europe: The following extracts
will give fcreiasie OF Pamphlet which cat
not fail to prove Of much interest:
End is there none to the universe Of God: and
RIcHAEp A. PEoc1oE.
wAsHISGruS. November ]. 1851
DEIE SIR;-HuW much time annually do YOU
think you waste in seeking autographs which arg
Of no more value than minc'
Your friend, JAMS G. BLAME
What the lightning Is TO the oak, that would be
the Vuman's vote to the vhiskey ring
JoslEH C5oE.
.'STssaE only good Of the dead Is 4 sentimental
way Of advising the living to lie-at least as re
CARDS the usual run Of dead people.
MARX Twain.
For there's on earth ye; augusier thing.
Neil'd tho 1t be than parliament or king
ions BEIgHr.
..OSE Asa Rockdale. Jan. n. ISIS. Reputation
Is for time character Is for eternity.
JuuN a. GoUGH.
Worcester, Mass.
Whenever there l., one high or low that gives
me a place on the NIL Of kindly remembered
names, TO him 50 the thanks and kind greeting
and wishes Of RoscoE CONELSG.
II Is better to love your vife than to love God.
You cannot help Him, but you can help her. You
can l her life with the perfume Of perpetual Joy,
Il Is better 30 love yJur children than 10 love Jesus
Christ. II He Is God you cannot assist Him. but
yuu oan plant flower IN every fou.siep OF babe.
The most slcred temple Is the home; the hottest
altar j. the hreside. koBEET G. lEGEEsoLI-
Advice to the young: knowledge, economy and
labor arr the shining virtues Of civilized man.
They form the most enduring basis Of society and
the sure-; source Of national and individual vel
fare RErEE CooFEE-
Flowers are the gfandesi things that God ever
made without putting an immortal soul into them.
HENKT WkBD REncHE.
Music and poetry must blend to be perfect
MrSNu HAUE.
never rec lived your letter Nothing is certain
in the world. Even the Pope sometimes fails and
the post no less ions STUAET BIAcKm-
Time is money. p. T. BAEsu1,.
Bridgeport Conn.
The chastity ov women is the silyashun ov the
world. JoHN BuLlSGs
Glen HOUSE White Mountains.
What divine calling l. music. Th57ch every
thing else may appear shallow and reFulslve, even
the smallest task m music Is 50 absorbing. and
carries Us avay 10 far fr,m town. country. earth.
and all the worldly things, that Il Is iruy blessed
gift from God AuEI-TSk rATrI.
Learning has fulfilled but half its task If II has
taught the mind and not The heart
Ju1EEs1S DAVIS
-A-f- FuHE VOL
The Hawaiian gazette. [volume] (Honolulu [Oahu, Hawaii]) 1865-1918, 1884-04-02
FINE SILKS.
ALARGE INVOICE OF CLOTHING

EIng Hack Cloth frock Coats and Pants.
Buckskin Sacks. Pants and Suits
Felt, Mohair, Drill, Flannel Sacks aud Pants.
Boys Shirts and Children Jackets.
Monkey and Sailor Jackets.
l. x. Coats and beGrin-s. Carpet SLIPPERS.
Silk and l. c. Umbrellas and Harasuis
Fancy and Travelling Shavls
Cotton and Turkish Towels,
White and Fancy Quilts
Felt Rugs and Brussels Carrgti..r.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
FATAL POLITICAL QUARREL,
Au Inotenslrc MN shot Down In Cold


Au 1notrenslrc Mnn Shot Down In Cold
80 Blood. '3-
New ioEE, NovL G.-Thc residents OF
the village OF Hastings, Westchestcr coun-
ty, arc considerably ayitatcd over the al.
legged deliberate murder OF Richard Nc
Earlano by James Wing. Last Saturday
evening boil, lncn went to Yonkers to wit
ness a torcllieht procession. Wing was
accompanied by gang of,his followers
and McEarlane was alone. Both men
were acquainted. Wing so tantalize,l Nc.
tErlanc that the latter prepared to resent
it, and had it not been for the timely in
terycntiop OF friends blood.shcd would
probably have resulted. After being sep
arated and taken away by their friends
they did not meet again until early Mon
day morning, when the Republican pa
radc iii Hastings had been dismissed.
When the order vas given to break ranks
the paraders made rush for the saloon OF
Jamcs Goodwin. on Sonstnnt street. Among
those who followed the paraders into tho
saloon'was the murdered man. Wing had
been inside during the entire evening.
McErlanc was accompanied by one Cum
mines. After 'imbibina freely, all the
men walked out to the street, where n no.
!lGcal- debate between Cummings and
Wing ensucd. Both men lost their lem.
ncrs, and a general aght ensued between
the friends OF Tue two men. Cummings
wNs picked up bodily and thrown through
the window OF the saloon. lie was badly
cut about tho face and neck, but not
seriously injured. Suddenly during the
Tray three pistol shots rung out and Nc.
sIriane fell heavily, while standing not
Ten fees from him Was Wing, with 4 slnok-
ing pistol In his hand. lie dashed through
the crowd aud down the street. McErlanc
was removed to his home and medical aid
summoned, but he was beyond human
aid, and yesterday afternoon he died
Coroner Mitchell. oi VoAkerp, previous to
his death was no.:aed, and took his ante.
m!orlem, in wnich he accused Wing OF be-
ing the murderer. He gave no further
reason for the act than brutal dislike.
The authorities, immediately after learn.
ing Of tho shooting, detailed officers to
h1nt for Wing, and he was found BY Oil
Ger Myers hiding in the cellar Of farm
house on the outskirts Of Hastings. IIe was
placed under arrest and taken to the
GountyNil ut White Plains. The mur-
uercd nun was a stonccutter and was con.
sldered a hard working, industrious man.
He was n native OF Ireland, and had been
IN this country but little over year.
Wingis All indolent sort OF fellow, only
working when compelled. lie is % years
~ 1
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07

Lively TI,ucs at the u11ub.n

BosTos, Mass, Noy.:G.-The interest in
theresultoithe election continues unabated
in this city. The street in tic vicinity OF
tho newspaper Offices present q mostyarla,
bic appearance tonight! From Washing
ton street l'rookfeld, to State, Is ono solid
mass Of humanity making 1t impossible
ior q person t9 pass through. AS tho re-.
turns arc announced. upon tho Herald
bulletins and from the Journal bulletins
directly opposite, the crowds cheer or
hiss as the result Is favorable to tho pre.
fcrenoeS OF the ohRervers. Tho Excitement
is intense. Papers were seized from
the 'newsboya and burned. Pictures OF
Blaine and Cleveland were seized by tho
crowd and destroyed, andtherc have been
many personal encounters. The crowd
broke one Of tho large plate-glass windows
Of the. Journal Office, and rotten eggs and
stones have been thrown NJ tho building.
Six persons were arrested in connection
with. thc!l newspaper burning. At, the
Democratic headquarters tho Democrats
we're burning red lights md ,lisclarcinv
rockets, and, taken altogether, the stirring
scenes have never. before been surpassed
in the streets Of Boston, = = lf +.i.ElaI
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07

TnE Chairman OF the National Probibi-
slon Committee, assuming the defeat Of
tho Republican party, refers with e1-
n'Mnt pride to the decisive part played by
his partisans. The claim is by no means
III cXaggcration. lit had not been for
the Prohibition ticket New York would. at
iso time have been in doubt. Angry mon
would. not he making threats in the
Metropolis OF tho country: The State OF
New York would have given Blaine q
handsome majority, the result Of the eler-
ton would have been determined prompt
iy,and tho country would now be without
cause OF excitement. a
The supporters OF St. John have shown
what they can do. When they survey
the field ut this moment it is doubtful
whether they will all be satisfied with
what they have done. There arc men Of
conviction among them who will not be
pleased with tho outcome, with all its
grave possibilities. II bloodshcd shall fol.
low, asSit may; il civil strife shall enu.c,
which God in his infinite merry forbid,
will it satisfy the conscience Of tho patriot
FFohibitionist to have brought about this
condition now in tho hope Of masnifyins
his party four years hence Il I Al
This isuo tme for accusation or resent:
ment; neitheris 1t good time to rejoice
over the proportions Of 4 movement which
has brought the Republic very, near to an
other crisis in its history. Tho large Pro
h'hltionistvote cannot impress Prohibi
i'onists rs being worth tic terrible strain
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07

NEw YoRk, Nov. G.-All the morning
papers, tho Tribune excepted, conceded
tho election Of Cleveland from 1900 TO
G,0oO plurality. The Tribune printed n
table Of county majorities which 1t footed
up as giving Blaine lGG plurality. The
iootings, the Post says, were wrong, how.
ever, the correct ones being: Blaine, COL
l44; Cleveland, GDe,97e; Clevelauds plu-
irality, l2S. The Etening Post in Its head
ines says: "Cleseland President; bis
election assured" While the Commercial
in its headlines announces, +" Blaine's
chances in New York constantly growing
Blaine's plurality GlJ." u. ~ -
:. Inspector Thorne, in charge at the po-
lice headquarters, says no trouble is re-
ported nor expected anywhere and TINT
extraordinary orders have been issued to
tho police, ,..t ..g5.y -
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
; MIR. CAMrHELf,s OUTLOOK,

q. ... To-
At the Hour le Wrote, Things Looked Fav.
ornhls for us.
Special Dispatch 10 The lu!ciiJtacer. g.
New ioHH, Nov. G.-Anothcr day OF
Uncertainty and excitement has passed
and tho cnd is not yet. Tho adviccs to
the Republican Committee early in the
day showed l,55l plurality for Blaine, but
ut the Democratic headquarters these fig
ures were discreditcd and the Herald and
World bulletins raised the cry OF fraud
under highly intammatory head lines.
This cry has been heard all afternoon ut
intervals, and Il call appears in an evening
paper under the alleged auspices Of u
couple Of Cleveland clubs for great ant
fraud demonstration tomorrow afternoon. (.
DOMINANT TO lSrLAME THE PUBLIC.
On the other hand the National Con-
mittee have issued an address explanatory
OF the situation and deprecating all st.
tempts to inilame the public mind, ald
claiming the State Of New York for Blaine.
How much Blaine's actual plurality is
cannot be actually stated at this hour, at
nine o'clock, nor does it seem likely to be
known tonight because Of the dribblipe
official figures that are slowly coming 10
hand by the Associated Press.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
OUR BIRD HAS FLOWN,
NflClTIGAS,.i
Ths Combination Knocked Cold and Blaine
Carrfes it.iisit f1t. .es. ..--..

,l carffe" ft.l
DETROIT, Mlcn., Nov. G.-Returns re.
,.cciyed up to this time, which include com.
pletc returns iro, D,tr,;, ,nl c.om,,
p.,,;,. ~. d.. " 'o'S "'''1 uial'o lN
Nv n'"p'us' e''c .nn'lhe majority OF 2,'Do
The Congressional delegation will proba.
bly, stand, 5 Fusionists, 6 Republicans
Tho pon,h,;,,,r, ..,,;naI -, =,
Au.'."'s ~. st'''A e''e'll' III /" slhail majority
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
PREVIOUS SATISFACTION.
What the vrahshitionl.tso Of New York Claim
.... % tn lin ~, nnpr .

What the eTrahfhiti"nl.tsofN Of New York Claim
to Huve Dono.
CHICAGO, Nov. 0.-The following was
received from New York to the editor ol
The Chicago Daily Nems:
The total Prohibition vote OF the coun.
try will aggregate 100000. Four years ago
II was lessthan eleven thousand. 1t has
decided the Presidential contest in New
York. Clcvcland's majority Is about
1000. Official returns will not materially
change tho figures. The Prohibition vote
in New York is fully 25,00O. In Ale.
gheny, Monroe and Orleans counties
alone would have carried the State
for blaine ii their vote had been
cast for him, but the Prohibitionists have
stool up to be counted and rebuked the
insult offered the temperance men in the
Chicago Convention and this vote has
made Prohibition d National issue which
will not 60 out Of NaMnal politics until
the heer shops and drinking saloons have
gone from America. The Republican
party having been removed from the path
to the graveyard the rrohibition.sta will at
once nrsRNise 10 uapo for the whisky Dem
ocrals four years ahead, ! am fully salts
fled We had no choice between the candi,
dates Of the old parties but we weyo Rght.
ing for an issue and we have Won. Tic
work to make the issue win in 1883 has
already begun, .s55 IS NV
[Sigupd JouS Il. Flxcu,
Chairman National Prohihitionist Com
mittee. ~ 3s.ts1 ,.s 5.l.. q,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07

NEw foRg, Nov 0.-Thc delegates from
all the business mems Cleveland and
Hendricks clubs that paradel November
lst held private meeting ut St. Stephens
Hall this afternoon. Senator Jones, OF
tue Democratic National Committee, was
also present. J. A. Sullivan. OF the Pro-
luce Exchange. presided. Nearly every
man present made 4 speech. Tie general
tenor OF the addresses was 10 the effect
that Cleveland had been elected and that
the Republicans would cheat their op.
poncnts out Of a victory II they could.
Resolutions offered BY Oscar S. Strauss,
OF the Pottery 4 Glassware Trade, con:
tinuiug the organization in existence
"untillhc vote OF the people was honestly
counted" " and insti.,iting an Executive
Committee to confer with the Democratic
National Committee to take such other
and further action as to them shall seem
proper, and shall promptly and ellectually
prevent any falsifyins Of the electoral
ticket were adopted. The contemplated
mass meeting in Wall street was postpon.
cd sine die. Complete police returns from
this city give Cleveland 1926 votes over
Blaine, - t7t--iA " % ~ 81. {. i. - 81 7s 7tl.,.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
ATROCIOUS ARSON.
Attempt to Burn IL Tenement House Filled
i- grt WIFI,

Attempt to Burn II Tenement House Filled
Fl With People. ,.t II 5fss u
New York, Nov; GA cry Of fire was
raised at 3 o'clock yesterday morning in
the fourstory tenement No. III East
Third street. Mrs 1.orch, n tenant on tho
first floor, aroused by choking sensation,
had slnelled smoke and alarmed the neigh
bors byiher cries. The alarm ran like
wildfrc through the house, that was flled
with smoke from cellar to roof, and half.
clad men, women and children rushing for
tho street. Sixteen families, comprising
between forty and fifty persons, live in tho
building. All escaped TO the street, much
scared but unhurt. Last came Friedrich
Stahlniller, n saloon-kecper on the first
floor. who with his wife and threechildrcn,
two boys Of and 6, and a girl Of years,
had been asleep in the rear basement.
With theowncrof the house, John Albcrts.
Stahlmul|crrcturned to the cellar; whencU
the smoke came. Amessenscr having
been 4 hastily dispatched TO tho
Fifth Street Police Station be brought
back two or tl,ree policemen and as many
ilremen, who were in time to nut out tho
fire before 1t Ind more tLan scorchefl Tie
board partitions III the cellar. II was found
that three separate lres had been kindled
there, kerosene having bccn literally
sprinkled over broken boards and fire.
wood, and set on fro. Ono was In front
under the saloon, another further back,
and the third in q narrow passageway in
the rear: The last fire had been kindled
against tho wooden wall Of the bedroom
in which the saloon keeper and his family
lay sound asleep. But for Mrs. Lorchis s
timely discovery, they would inevitably
all have been burned 10 death before The
house was half awake. The engines were
not called out the fire having been kin
died only q little while before / 1t was dis.
covered and put out with n few nails Of
water. An examination showed that the
outside trapdoor leading TO the cellar had
been unlocked over night, access being
thus made easy from the street. No one
was able, however, to account for the mo.
Tive Of tho act E '|,sTG
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
rush but the rumor spread 10 the out.
skirts Of the city that u riot vas in pro.

Tonight tho street in front OF tho post.
Office is filled with u howling mob Of men
VINO seize upon every favorable report to
yell themselves hoarse. Asimilar crowd
nus tho street square distant from the
democratic headquarters, where similar
demonstration isin progress. II :
Mr.. Hendricks had n number of callcrs
during the day and was In receipt Of con.
gratulatory, messages from MI over the
country, at various times during tho
day Mr.. Hendricks reiterated tho opinion
TINT tho Western Union Telegraph Com.
pany and Associated Press, were conspir.
ing to damage him personally throughout
tho country by falsely reporting TINT the
State had gone for Blaine. y.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
BLAINE ELECTED,
But the Dem ocracy OF New York Trying tn
Count Hin, Out. Es

NEW YonK, Nov, G-The following nd.
dress has just been issued: !.
HDQRs. RErunLIcAN NAr'L Committee,
New ioNI CRY, Nov. 0, 'S4. !
The Republican National Committee re.
joiccs that the returns now received war
rant it in announcing the triumphant cleo
ton of Blaine and Logan. The Isepubli.
cans have carried every Northern State
except New Jersey and Connecticut. Vir.
ginia seems also to have given u majority
for the Republican cause and the ticket,
and there is Il strong probability that West
Virginia has also, while other Southern
States arc still in doubt. The Northern
s;atcs alone, however, give Blaine and
Logan o33 electoral votes, and insure their
election. In New York an attempt 10
ta,:per with the icturns has already been
detected. The actual vote cast in New
York city, Kings county and 1852 other
election precincts give at the utmost only
l4s plurality Ito Cleveland, while
l63 precincts not heard from gave 2,l7l
plurality to Garfield. There is therefore
no ground for doubt THAT the honest vote
OF the Suite has been given to tie Rcpub.
lican candidate Though the defeated
candidate for the Presidency is at the head
Of the election machinery in this State,
the Democratic paa.y, which has no.
torionsly been the party ol fraud in elec.
tons for years, will not be permitted to
thwart the Will Of the people. The
National Republican Committee calls on
the Chairman and individual members OF
all county committees to take tho prompt.
est and most stringent means to protect
the sanctity OF the ballot. The kcpnb-
iican candidates have been honestly
elected beyond question, and any attempt
to cheat tic people aud to defeat their will
thus expressed at the polls must be sternly
exposed and resisted by every law re-,
specting citizen. -. S = -. :
[Signed.] R.F. JOKES, Chairman.
SAML. FEssESpES, gg j.
ST. S-FglE -ss g1te5'n.f Secretary
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1884-11-07
Dutyof Board Of Cunyaxscrs.

+ ALBANY, N. y, Nov. G.-rhe Albany
Journal this evening says: On Tuesday
the board Of supervisors meet in the vari.
Gus counties and canvass the returns.
Their duties are purely clerical. THEY
simply add up the total returns Of the
towns, election districts and wards, certify
totheir accuracy and transmit the ccrti.
fed returns TO the Secretary OF State.
During this month the State Board of Cam
vassers, consisting OF Secretary Carr, Comp.
troller Chopin, Attorney.Geneal O'Brien,
State Treasurer Maxwell and State En-
sineer Sweet, meet in this city,and add
up the totals Of the supervisors returns
from the counties and tho result lis the
official vote Of the State, and according to
that result certificates OF election are is.
sued by tile State Board to the Prcsiden.
tial electors who have been chosen. y