davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

MAKING COOP BUTTER.-Butter is fin
ished in the dairy, but not made there
The stamp of the dairywoman puts the
gold in market form but the work must
be commenced in the field or in the feed.
ing stables; and this leads at once to the
consideration of feeding for butter. Dur
ing the early summer months when ma
ture is profuse of favors there is little to
be done beyond accepting her bounty.
The tender grasses are full of the needed
nutrition and they afford the constant
supply of moisture, without which the
secretion of milk is greatly lessened. Yet
at this season. as we'll as all others, pure
supply of water is absolutely necessary.
1t does not meet the requirement if cattle
have wet hole full of surface drainage in
the pasture or frog pond. While it is
not probable that the tadpoles and wrig-
glers, sometimes found in city milk. have
been drunk by the thirsty COW, many in
fusions do exist in such pools that are
hardly eliminated or rendered entirely
harmless by the wonderful milk secretons
of the animal The cattle should drink
from spring fed boxes; and as often as
these under the hot sun, are seen to pro-
duce green growth or floating scum, a
pail oil coarse salt may be put in, and the
current checked until the fresh water
growths are killed; the salt water is then
drawn off and for long time the trough
will remain pure and the water bright
Breeder Ga2ette.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

MAPLE SUGARMAKING.-A correspond
ent ofa New York paper gives the follow
ing respecting making sugar:
There are few things essential in the
making OF maple sugar. and in any course
pursued to make as near perfection as
possible those conditions that enhance the
value of the product. Every vessel used
must be perfectly sweet and clean The
quicker the sap is converted into sugar
'fter it is outside the trees the better
Trees should be tapped with not longer
han one half inch hole; we have proved
hat sap from trees bored no more than
one fourth of an inch in depth will make
nicer sugar than can be obtained from
trees bored two inches deep. Two holes
one inch deep do less damage than one
hole one and one-half inches deep, and
they will grow over quicker. The spouts
should hold in the bark and not be driven
hard enough to start the bark from the body,
which is often carelessly done. Use a
wooden bucket well painted, white inside
and any color you please outside, but use
nothing but the best lead and oil, with
enough varnish in the last coat to make a
mrd surface like glass. Buckets, asabove
will not be as sour as tin when you take
them up, as they do not draw the heat OF
he sun so much, and every one knows
hat the cooler we keep the sap the less
change there is in it. Leave your buckets
sweet and clean when you put them away
and a slight rlnsng makes them ready
when wanted. A very desirable holder
can be made Of rough plank and boards
strongly nailed together and lined with
zinc and tin; with the joints thoroughly
,oldered. there is no trouble in keeping
hat clean and sweet.
For boiling down the sap use that kind
ol apparatus that will do the business in
Lhe shortest time, never allowing any
part of the pan or evaporator exposed TO
heat to be uncovered with sap for mo-
nent, for sugar burns quickly and the
smaller the quantity the sooner 1t burns
md every wine manufacturer knows that
there is nothing like burned or scorched
sugar to color with; therefore, remember
if you want white sugar don't burn it..
Syrup weighing not over ten pounds to
the gallon will settle off better than
heavier, and it should stand over night to
settle. Be careful, in dipping or pouring
off, to take no more than will run per.
fectly clear After putting into the sugar
pan, mix thoroughly one cup of blue
skinned milk or white of two eggs, TO a
gallon of syrup, place on quick fire and
just as it Begins to boil remove from the
fire and strain through flannel, wash the
sugar pan clean and then return the syrup
and drive the boiling as fast as possible,
never allowing it to 60 down until it is
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

CUTTING OFF DEAD BRAN
cent eXperime nts ofProfessor G. E.i-ne-
of the Iowa agricultural college, coy
municated to the New York Tribune,
throw new light on the subject of remov-
ing dead branches from trees. the conclu-
sion of which are of great Importance 10
every fruit grower and may change ma
terially the customary modes and seasons
OF pruning trees and shrubs.
The professor says: Eva poration oil
water from plants was long supposed to
be physiological process, and was con
sldered TO be entirely different from ordi
nary physical evaporation. AS long as
this view was held the process was called
Transportation, to distinguish it from the
physical process. The breathing pores,
the stomata. which occur in the epidermis
of all leaves in great numbers, were
supposed to be organs OF Transportation,
which was considered to be one of the
most imp, rtant functions OF the leaf.
| Within a few years, however, our
knowledge of these matters has been
greatly increased, and we now know that
| The escape of wster from the leaf does
not differ in any way from the evapor ton
of water fror any other moist surface. A
leaf loses water simply because it is a
watery Structure; Is epidermis is designed
to prevent this loss, and the breathing
pores with their power Of opening and
closing, are for the same purpose. A leaf,
iptead of being an organ of evaporation,
3 actually structure in which evaporation
( is quite successfully checked.
Careful experiments made under my
supervision, in the Iowa agricultural
college, in 1880, by Miss Ida Twtchell, a
graduate student, demonstrated that the
evaporation from moist piece Of dead
wood was exactly like that from living
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

Here is the indictment which the
American dairymen brings against the
New York board OF health, and we should
call it pretty sweeping one.
But we are prepared in some measure
10 accept it as truth, as it relates to a
board which prohibits the sale of pure
skinned milk, and sold as SUCH is totally
unfit for human food. A board composed
of such men must be equal to anything In
this line.
As to the diseased beef that is the
butchers matter not ours. We are anxiou,
to have the city supplied with good milk
This zee bnosO is produced abundant,
upon the farms of the surrounding coun
ties, and we know, too, that grea
quantities of miserable stuff which passe
the tests OF the board of health-purposelv
made low enough to admit it's distributed
from the "swill.fed" cows, kept within
and very near the city, in close, nasty, no
stables, into which they 60 to drink swll
give milk and gradually TO succumb tt
disease, when, before they die natura
death, they arc killed and made int,
bologna sausages, or sold as beef if tn,
meat looks well enough.
Just about now is a good time to clt
the cions which you intend 10 have sci
this spring When cut, they shoald be
put in damp saw dust, mot wet but jus'
about as would be cut from a green log
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

FREQUENT FEEDING.-Waste feed and
making hay in the winter is an item that
is of vast importance to the farmers Of
New Hampshire. There are many that
still hang to the old practice of feeding hay
to their stock four, and some even six
times a day, simply because their fathers
used to do it. Ifany farmer will make
one fair trial of feeding his cows that are
giving milk, only twice with hay, and
doesn't say that he gets just as much
milk or butter as when he feeds four or
five times, then 60 back to the old way
and stuff them with hay. Let some of our
farmers, that are feeding their COWS five
times with hay, milk at six o'clock in the
morning and again at six at night for one
week, and they will find that they get
more milk in the morning every time;
they are eating about all the time
through the day and do not digest their
food properly; their hair is rough and
they come from the barn in the spring
poor. On the other hand, if they will
feed their COWS for one week only twice
with hay, that they will eat all up clean
in one hour at each feed. with grain either
Just before or just after feeding the hay,
and if you are not converted to feeding
only twice, let the Mirror know it. Feed
regularly and keep entirely away from
your cattle after they are through eating
in the morning until you are ready to
water them, which should be done at the
same time each day or AS near it as pos
sible. Mirror and Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

To TEACH A HORSE HOW TO BACK AMI
LEAD.-Take him to the top of a rather
steep piece OF ground, stand his hind feet
down the slope, throw the bride reins
over the neck, place yourself in front, and
AXE hold of them on each side of the heat
close up to the bit. Now press the bit
against the sides of the mouth, and speak
gently "back, back"-and the horse
will soon learn to do this. Next, tax,
him on to the top of ground not quite SC
steep, and pursue the same course. Wher
he horse has learned TO back readily
down hill he can be taken On leve
ground and do it. AS soon as this lessor
IS well taught, harness him to light
course. When completed, jump into the
wagon, take the reins in hand, pull or
them at the speaking to him "back, back
md thus keep up the the discipline till the
animal is perfected in it. If he has a
mate, after both are we'll instructed
they can be harnessed together and drill
ed till perfect in backing
Three things, us above stated must be
stl ctly observed: First, to place the
horse with his back down the defending
ground; second, when harnessed let it be
o light, empty wagon, which requir s
he least possible effort to back it; third
be perfectly kind to the horse, speak gen
tly, pat it on the neck, stroke down its face
with the hand, aud on no account strike ii,
As 500 as the horse understands what is
wan ed of him, he will do it with aacrty
1t is not from i'll temper or stubbornes that
horse does not back at once when spoken
10, it is from sheer ignorance-he does
not know what is wanted, or or how to dc
it till gently taught.
A second method is to harness the
horse alongside of another we'll broken tc
back, and set the hind end of the wagon
on sloping piece of ground, and follow
directions above, or jump into the Wagon
and take the reins in hand; but it is bet
ter 10 discipline alone at first, as above.
To teach horse to lead, lei a man OF
| boy take the end of the bride in hand anC
gently pull on it, while another holds on
a dish with grain or meal in it. The
horse will advance TO it. Now let hin
nibbe small quantity, then move tn,
dish little further in front, and so keel
on till he is taught to lead we'll. He Cal
also be taught by putting him alongside
of another horse which leads well. H.
ought to be rather hungry when thu
TTilled, so he will come up to the dish O
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

leaf. Now. when dead branch is large
enough to keep continually moist in the
interior it will in dry air constantly lose
water by evaporation from its surface.
This water so lost is taken from the tree,
and must have been supplied directly or
indirectly by the living portions. More.
over. it must be remembered that living
branch is well protected against loss OF
water through evaporation, by the epider-
mis- which covers all its surface when
young, or the impervious corky bark
which is always found on it when older.
When a branch dies. these protecting
devices soon fall into decay and the water,
so carefully guarded by the living parts of
the plant, is wasted by evaporation"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

CHINESE POPULAR SCIENTIFIC SUPER
sTITIoNS.-A late number of Nature gives
an account of some of the popular delu-
sions current in China regarding the habits
and transformations of animals.
One of these is that the quais are in
autumn converted into moles, and in spring
again. acquire their beaks and feathers
This belief arises from the fitting OF the
ouails among the mole hills in spring and
summer. In the autumn they migrate,
but as the plowman discovers moles as he
proceeds with his work he believes them
to be the same as the birds he saw in
summer
Kin signifies pigeon, and swanghim a
crested hawk. The latter name was
originally given because the hawks. in the
breeding season, have the habit OF erect
ing the feathers on the head, giving the
appearance of crest. The identity oil
the last syllable with the word meaning
pigeon has given rise, by curious confu
sion of ideas. to the belief that hawks
become pigeons in spring, and at mid
summer regain their hawk form.
The legend that in the late autumn
certain small birds 90 into the sea and
become crustacea arises from confusion
between words. The word a0eI means
both "Jeconae and for" The original
statement was that certain small birds,
probably sandpipers. 60 to the sea Tor
crustacea. The same sort OF mistake,
carried still further, causes Cinnamon to
believe that in winter pheasants 60 into
he lakes and become clans. Here the
for is translated into become, while the
words understood as 'clams" meant also
sweet flags and water rushes-artices for
which hungry pheasants might probably
seek the borders of lakes.
One of the classics asserts that "il
within ten days from the beginning Of
winter pheasants do not 60 to the great
waters, ascivious women will multiply in
the country"
Offers are said to offer up fishes to
the gods. and polecats to present animals
in the same way, as propitiatory sacrifices
| This belief, doubtless, arises from the
habit these creatures have of leaving their
victims apparently untouched when they
have killed more than they can devour.
Other beliefs transforms eels into SER
pents, mice into bats and sharks into
Tigers, or vice versa. Comets are said to
be destructive to the sovereigns of the
soil, and also to whales, the monarchs of
the deep.
Such superstitions are unlike those
current among Europeans, but are not
more preposterous than such ideas as the
transformation of barnacles into geese,
the raining down of toads or the CONVEX
sion of q horse hair into a snake-the last
double confusion, since the elongated
| Al. GorJs,yo 10 rpunh Ike a
snake. and has never been found in o
horses hair. An old writer explained
the disappearance of swallows by the
assertion that they rolled themselves into
a mass, beak to beak and wing to wing,
and plunged into rivers and lakes, there
to remain till spring.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
The Bad and Wo 'thless

are never initiated cOunterJeted This Is especially
true of family medicine and it is positive proof thai
the remedy initiated is of the hig hest value. AS soor
as it had been tested and proved by the whole world
that Hop Bitters the purest, best and most valua
BILE family medicine earth, many limitations sprang
up and began to steal the notices in which the press
and the people of the country had expressed the
merits of H B.. and in every way trying to induce
suffering nvalids to their stuff instead, expecting
to make money on the credit and good name of II. B.
Many others started nostrums put up in similar style
to H. b., with variously devised names in which the
word Hop" or Hops " were used in way to induce
people to believe they the same as Hop Bitters
All such pretended remedies cures, no matter what
their style name is and especially those with the
word Hop" or Hops " in their name or in any way
connected with them their name are limitations or
counterfeite. Bovaro of Thorn Touch mona of them
Use nothing but genuine Hop Bitters, with bunch
or cluster of green Hops on the white label Trust
nothing else. Druggists aud dealers are warned
against dea ling in limitations or counteries'
FNl3yl
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

and put where they will keep cool and
moist,
We saw man trimming his little
maple trees day or two since. We
thought if he had wanted to bleed his
Young tree he could not have devised q
better way to do it. We have never
found better time for trimming trees
than June when they are just in full leaf
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

Sheep will endure severe cold if kept
dry, but exposure to storms, either rain or
snow, is very hurtful. The water remains
in the wool and in atmosphere little il
any above freezing, it chlls the body Il
long time. 1t is for this reason that an
open winter is generally unfavorable for
feeding sheep. If kept housed they are
too warm, their appetite fails and they
lose flesh no matter how fed The coarse
wooded sheep are more impatient of wet
than the fine wooled, the heavy, oily gum
on the wool of the latter keeping the
water from penetrating to the skin.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11

Our SUGAR PROPHET CALLED.-What
has become of our sugar prophet, Timothy
Wheeler of Waterbury, Vt? Will he
please give us his predictions with regard
to the coming season, through the New
England Farmer, and oblige many read
ers OF the same.-S. R. w., March 4,1SS3.
We believe Mr.. Wheeler gave his pre-.
dction about January, predicting season
not the best nor yet the poorest, but a
central medium which, we take it,
must mean not lateral or circumferen-
tial medium.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
HOUSEHOLD DEPARTMENT

We invite for this column contributions from our
lady readers to make it such as shall bo of value
and interest to them Any topic Of domestic economy
which may suggest itself to them may be discussed
nd we hope this feature will prove successful. and an
additional attraction to our readers.
Contributions should be sent to the Editor OF the
Agricultural Department.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
agricultural department.
o. M.TINKHAM Editor.

All communications for this department should be
sent to the editor. Mr.. o. NJ TINKHAM. N. Pom
tret, Vt
Please write side Of the paper only sign such
name or initials az you wish published. but give
FULL NAME AND ADDRESS. post office. County and
State.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
MISCELLANEOUS.
OF ANOTHER AGE
orad9na aly sugpiants 2. BY a Bette, Article

In the general reception room of the Western Union
TELEGRAPH building on Broadway. New York. are ex.
hbited the COARSE crude and clumsy instruments OF
the infancy OF the telegraph. They are only relics
now More perfect machinery has Superseded them.
Years ago what is now styedthe old, fashioned por.
Gus plaster did some good service. - There was then
Science and study have gone deeper into the secrets
Of medicine and produced BENSON'S CAPCINE P0R-
thus far possible in external remedy The old plas-
ters were soW-the Capcne is rapid; they were I'M
similar names. Be careful therefore, that some
Of the genu inc is cut the word CAPCINE. Price %
cents.
Seabury & Johnson Chemists New York swi
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
No Patent Ne Pay!
? IT. n rs

Obtained for inventors In the United States Canada
and Europe, at reduced rates With our principal
Office located in Washington, directly opposite the
United States Patent Office. able to attend to all
Patent business with greater promptness and des.
patch and less cost than other patent attorneys who
are at distance from Washington, and who have
thereforeto employ associate attorneys" Wensk
preliminary examinations and furnish opinions asto
pattentabity, free of charge. and all who are inter
ested in new inventions and Patents are invited
send for copy of our Guide for obtaining Patents
which is sen free to any address, and contains
llete instructions how to obtain Patents and other
valuable matter. We refer to the German-AmerCsn
National Bank Washington, D. C.; the Royal Swedish
Norwegian, and Danish Legations at WashirEon;
Hon. Joseph Casey, Late Chief Justice q. s. Courtof
Claims, the Oficals ofthe U. S Patent Office ,anito
Senators and Members of Congress from every SNt
Address, LOUIS DAGGER Il CO., Solicitors
Patents and Attorneys at Law. LIE Droit Building
W4shtn ston, d. @. FM6tf
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
PATENTS.
r. Fl. EDDY,

No. rs State ST., opposite kllby, Boston:
secures Patents In the United States also In Grea
Britain France and other foreign countries C0uiss
~ the Claims of any Patent furnished by remittins
one dollar Assignments recorded at Washington No
Agency in the Untted States posSe,eS s"rer'or f1ch
bitv Of Inventions II. H. EDDY, solicitor Of Patents
TESTIMONIALS.
81 regard Mr.. Eddy as one of the most capable am
success uI practitioners with whom have had oacI
intercourse. . ,,
Inventors cannot employ person more 'rs
worthy or more capable of securing for them an gl
and favorable consideration at the Patent Office
EDMUND BURKE, late Commissioner OF Patents
BOSTON, October.l9 1910.
RH EDDY Eso.-Dear Sir: You procured Tor M
In 1870 my first patent Since then you have acted ~
many patents reissues and extensions. have oCCt
siopally employed the best agencies in New YORK
philadelphia and Washington, but still give yonal
most the whole of my business, in your llue and a
wise others to Ell rloy you. crOporrn,rpn
Boston. January l. lss2.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
SALT RHEUM.
CUTICURA

CUIICUNA
and CUTIcURA SOAR externally and CUTIcURA REsoL
VENT internally, will positively cure every species
Humor, from Common Pimple to Scrofula. Price o
CuT1CunA, small boxes SOC; large b xes, sl@: CUTI
CUTICURA SHAVING SOAR, 15c. Sold by all druggists
Depot WEEKS h POTTER, Boston, Mass
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
MISCELLANEOUS.
Central Vermont Railroad Linz.
Commencing Monday. October 9, 1882

Commencing Monday. October 9, 1882
TRAINS GOING SOUTH AND EAST WILL ,FAvD
MONTPELIER AS FOLLOWS:
o'io A' "'for Concord. Manchester NasbHW.l
worcester. Lowell Boston. Fitchbuulas
,Springheld, New London and New
1910 p NJ LiSMfffrED EXPRESS, from Mont,.,,
iH'10 "'oEdensburg and The West, for boston
7.9O NJ MIXED FROM St Albans, Rutland an,
SiaHF ffI ESsSSrft rdm aontre,
li'A" - 1i'densburg and the west, for Boston va
Lowell slu and nd FMit Itch v, Springfield, New
in New England Sleeping car ~
Springfield and Boston, via Lowell ~
TRAINS GOING NORTH AND WEST:
BIO A. EIGHT EXPIRES PR from Boston and
and the West Sleeping car to Mont.,
OAK " AecSdtoMMoDATIoN from Nor,bs.,
MFG Bqr ExpRt ssstl f1a a VAS
Rie6ford and md Rou rI POINT st. Adams
9.5( N DAY EXPRESS, leaves Boston via
a. M, New London, 800 A. NJ, Spir ~
field 800 for Burlington, 5tAlbsns
Drawing room car to Montreal '''
A.9O 4c6oMMo}D 3D. ITO from W4ite River
Ogdensburg and Montreal
ru.,ns lava for Barre at 7:1O A. M O:45 And lto
RI Rsturning leave Barre at $40 AM, ;25 and 60
rThropub Tickets 20 Chicago and al points West IN,
8 W CUMMINGs wv, HOBART.
Gen'l. Pass. Agent. Geul Sup't
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
MOTHER DIED FROM IT.

J. W Adams. Newark Ohio, says: "Cuticura Rene
dies the greatest medicines on earth. Had the
worst case of salt rheum in this county My mother
mad it twenty years. and in fact died from it. beev
Cuticura would have saved her life My arms, breas
relieved cured until used the Cutcura Resolven,
Soap externally.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
PSORIASIS.

H. E. Carpenter, ESQ, Henderson, N. Y, cured of
Psoriasis or Leprosy, of twenty years standing by
the CUTIcURA REsoLvENT internally. and CUTIoURA
case record Cure certified to before justice OF
the peace and prominent citizens. All afflicted with
itching and scaly diseases should send to for this
testimonial in full.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1883-04-11
MONEY! MONEY !!

TINE subscriber is prepared to negotiate Loans OF
i first mortgage guaranteeing eight per cent ABOVE
Address REV. II. WEBSTER.
Chelsea. Vermont. fmIm2