Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-08-27
GEN. WARD ON THE STUMP
HE FIRES THE FIRST GUN FOR
HOADLY IN OHIO.

HE FIRES THE FIRST GUN FOR
HOADLY IN OHIO.
a heVieW OF DemOeraey's HistOry-Im-
pOrtance of the Tariff OuestiOn-The
True Course on the Protection Oues-
tiOn-The Aims of the Two Parties
Civil Service Reform.
GALLON, o., August 25.-Gen. sDurbin
Ward, candidate for United States Senate
from Ohio, delivered his opening speech of
the campaign at Gallon, o.. Saturday.
Inc following extracts are taken from it:
FELLOW CITIZENS: The cardinal principles
u % ouI party nave been the guide of the ma
tloh curing most OF Its existence. Perhaps
no htter time to recall them than now couid
be selected. The country is in no ferment' 'nf
excitement. 1t is not Presidential wear and
@ elle people minds are more open to reason
anu readler Tor the exercise of calm judgment
! than when some great national party STRUGGLE
arouses popular passion. The all-pervading |
| idea of Democracy is the soverelgntv nj rho
! people Its principles of action relate to their
! safety and welfare. Those princiDles are |
naturally classified into such as pertain To |
the constitutional organization of govern |
| heht, ana such as grow out of its admins |
| tratlon: Each class springs from the central |
ldea OF the peoples sovereignty, and each |
aims 10 secure their safety and welfare. The |
| Democratic party has ever held definite views |
| as TO the nature and proper organization of |
our State and National Governments, and a. !
states and the Federal Union. These ques-
tons have always been and still are and will |
ever continue to be, while our political system |
| lasts the broad and deep dividing line be- |
tween parties in America. Constitutional |
questions abide, while questions of policy are |
ever changing with the changing wants of |
| society.
Our adyersaries scofingly tell us that the |
/ democratic party has no principles; that it |
struggles only for the spos of Office Is it ey- |
hlehce OF lack OF principle that we submit to |
! De excluded from national power for twenty |
Qua years rather than go over to our adyersa- |
fles ana take the fat places they have had TO |
offer? 1t is our steadfast adherence TO Drjnci |
pie that has kept us alive and out of office |
Durlng the sixty years of our rule no country |
was ever better governed and none ever pro- |
Sressed with such rapid strides. We gave the
Union nearly all Its new territory and nearly |
an lts new States. We robbed no citizen of |
| rlgnt; we f0stered no special interests: we |
bullt up no monopolies. The States and the
! people were secure in local self-government
we moved with the progress of the
dsc. Ohe eNlI alone was beyond
control of any party That rent
! us asunder and drove us from power 4 mil
hon Democrats from the North rallied to the
| support OF the Union in the field, ana the rest
! saved the Constitution from overthrow at
home: We have grown strong in defense of
constitutional liberty and popular rights
/ Democracy Is never old and decrepit: it is
! new and living as the wants of society Demo-
cracy is never new; it is as old as the love of
liberty, One of the merits of our party is
that 1t Is at once conservative and pro
! gresslye, 1t has no dead past to bury It's |
march is onward with steady step to the
front. Whatever sustains the true life of
democracy we appropriate as we advance
| whatever begins to rot on our hands we |
cremate to avoid cOntagion. He that lags in
the march is left by the waysidc to rambe
INTO some other camp, and he that dies i'm bat
tie we bury with the hOnOrs of war
THE TARIFF.
The coming election not only involves the
the choice of State officers but the selec-
ton OF United States Senator National as
I a = a
ly be debated in this canvass The tariff
question and civil service are the most i'm
portant subjects now likely to be considered
and they both involve administrative reform
On these questions shall ask YOUR attention
to-day and repeatedly during the canvass.
though with such brevlty as will be rather the
sustaining them.
The tariff question has been much debated
ever sfncc Adam smith formulated the sci
ence OF political economy. Almost the whole
BODY OF economists have for Il hundred wears
condemned the principle of protective duties.
ana now scarcely ripe thinker in political
economy is found in Europe or America
whose writings do not snstain freedom of
trade. Statesmen have not been so well
agreed, though the protective idea has not
held its place in legislation so much bv the
force OF reasoning as by the power of influence
ana the dIihculty of adjusting the details of
tarlns TO the standard of revenue In the
early history OF our country protection was
claimed for our infant manufacturing indus
F tEles. MANY OF our greatest statesmen favored
I "A q
different periods of their lives sustained and
opposed protective duties. and Webster's anti
protective speech of 1924 is the ablest effort of
his life on any economic question Four wears
later he took the other side with canal zeal
Calhoun favored protection in the early davs
when Webster opposed it. and opposed it in
the later days when Webster favored it,
Nothing could better illustrate the notable !
remark OF General Hancock that protection
was local question. Each of these great
men favored or opposed protection according
to the altered interests of his section CLAW 1
was the steadfast friend of his protective
Amerlcan system" and through life treated
what he termed our "infant manufacturers
as the wards of the government. The Demo-
Gratis OF 1916 enacted a revenue tariff and the
principle stood unrepealed till the war neces-
sites of secession changed the policy of the
government. After tM slavery issue became
prominent the tariff question dropped out of |
sight until very lately: and therefore nv |
fcllow-citizens, YOU have heard little of the
SUBJECT IN public discussion. 1t is now rising |
INTO Importance, and will require wise con-
sideration,
REVENUE TARIFF.
Let us consider for a moment a tariff fo,.
revenue, Tor the tariff must raise revenue |
whatever else it does. | fear the nbrase |
niaIaad ior revenue Only is very liable to
to different minds. Some NAV cOnstrue il as |
meaning that revenue tariff should be so ad-
Justed as that no "incidental protection, .
should follow, This would involve Ieyving
duties on only such articles as could not come
INTO competition with home productions for
dentar' protection follows a tariff for reve
nue.. Such articles are too narrow a basis for |
%iGbt reygnue' oaa and by checking importation,
mlghC ue1eat revenue entirely. When | ,
protection incidentally follows a |
duty whose purpose is revenue barely, it
would De refining too much to say that the un-
avoldable incident should not follow thon0b !
the article itself might be a DrOper subject for |
revenue. Taxes of all sorts ought Ia he SO ! {
levied as to impose the least burden ON indus
Try: rms principle requires taritT duties to ,
be LAID ON articles whose consumptiOn is not
reproductive. Whatever is consumed in fhe | I
reproduction OF other wealth adds to the ag-
gregate wealth, and, therefore, is benefciaIfo !
the taxpayer by broadening the basis of fu | {
ture taxation, and hence lesseniDg the npr ! !
cent cent. 10 De levied. As heavy tariff duty as
tney VIII pear ought, therefore, to fall on iux 'N
ufles, not with any idea of enacting laws of a | {
sumptuary nature to check or control their | {
Gonsuh 1 ptlon, but because their consumption s
is not, as rule, reproductive of wealth. and I
hence they bear the tax without burdenino ,
industry Again, it is canon of political Z
economy that the last stage before c0nsump
Iioh at Whlch a tax can be levied least bur.
dens industry, because the amount of duty !
Delng an element OF cost TO- the consumer he I
then pays no interest on the tax: whereas if G
paid at an earlier stage, each dealer must I
nave profit ON his investment One other eIe- :
ment IN revenue tariff we must pass over
tor want OF time, and that is the prOper seIec-
ton of articles to be taxed. Experience only q
can determine that in detail, though the
PRINCIPE pInii should be to equaliYe as near as c
PoSSioie 'ie puruehs tc ihe consumer. t
PROTECTION t
The protectiOnlst points with triumnh to the t
prosperity OF the country, and claims that to s
3e tne result Of his system. There are. in ;
deedi certain clements Of prosperity; but =
What evidence Gae any man that they are due | '
to projections The Democratic tariff of IS46
was, In the main, revenue tariff, and the
country never had greater industrial prOsperi-
W than during Its existence. But even now / /
1t is not the highly protected Intere5ts that !
give the country its prosperity, as an exami-
natlon ot fhe subject for which | have no | =
tlme, VIII abundantly show. What has Dro Il
lection ever done for the great agricultural Y
planting, mechanical, Transportation and | n
shipping interests? Are the lnannfactnrarS (
OF Wooden-warei weahanical and Agricultural | n
implements, carriages, folling- mills. rail =
road machinery and the nroducts /
q the myriad workshops bf the | T
country protected" In any elective senseS
Nay, they arr; crippled, FOR their stock in 6
trade Is taxed by tariff. duties, which as thev +,
increase the price to the consumer lessen his +,
ability to buy. There may be a few favored =
interests growing rich off protection but the .
masses OF the people-the hard working toll a
ers at Ihe bench, the anvil and the plow-are Il
not. Ihey are not and cannot be enriaaea bv I Q
paying tax TO other interests thar cannot
thrive without the ala of that tax Must one
man Totk at business and divide his earn
ings with another who works at a business in r,
winch he cannot make profit? Is a svgtaro :
right which makes one man work 10 sIfnnort Z
who manufactures need protectionS .C,ani Fl
Eal is Cheap and abundant. Ame~iaa !,
Is no longer poor. Interest * low Sino =
tpntls of the =