New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-07-05
AGAINST MONOPOLIES.
LETTER FROM DEXTER A. HAWKINS.
A PROTECTIVE TARIFF THE BEST AND sUREsr SAFE

A PROTECTIVE TARIFF THE BEST AND sUREsr SAFE
GUARD.
TO TIE EDITOR Of rae Trfoune.
SIR: The average price Of labor in Eng
land and in Europe Ia onehslf Of what 1t is In the
United States.
in Enxland-as WHOLE Is just about one-half what IL
is In the United States. ~ 3 whole.
England small and compact island, having for the
last twenty years. in the matter OF transportation de-
voted her capital and her energies almost entirely "a
navigation, has established large heet Of
steamships built and BY cheap capital and cheap
labor that she transport goods the ocean at less
rate than wo can and all her consuls made, 10
certain extent commercial agents to develop British
trade and to out all competitive trade with rivals OF
England She has enormous an accumulation
Of manufacturing and capital the result OF centu-
res Of protected industry and and welded BY
few great capitalists, In solid In any direction
that the industry Of England requires be wiedcds
that that alone gives her to-day great advantage In
trade commerce and manufactures other nations.
The money actually circulation in England Ia three-
quarters gold and silver and onequarter paper; while
the gold and silver money; bat most OF the actual
circulation paper the gold and silver being left do
posit in the banks and treasures.
This gives England steadicr and frmer financial sys-
less subject panics than this country "a
present and protects her against the frequent
and Expressions business tnst occur IN
and disast rous to on industries.
Now, In manufactures are obliged to compete d.
rectly with England possessing she does the above
i've advantages viz m labor at half OR ratesb
t2l capital at half rates; 49, an accumulation Of
manufacturing power and capital vastly superior 70
ours; M transportation vastly cheaper than
ours; and t5a steadier and frrner financial system.
In order make capital and labor safe In this country
we must protect them against English capital and
labor sufficiently to put then en- terms of equality Tho
way do by establishing and maintaining pro-
tecve tariff, adequate to accomplish it, everything
that make consume that comes in competition
with what England makes consumes.
First our tariff be high enough to equalize the
difference the prices Of labor in this country
and In England second, in addition to that 1t must BE-
high enough to equalize the difference between the
prices of capital in this country and in Engand third
present smaller accamuatIons Of capital IN
vested In business against attacks Of tho
business in England, otherwise the English manu-
factureri with mis- great capital Will by selling low:
IN order TO rum HIM and then when competition 10 nus
removed take possession Of the whole market raise his
TO tns 1t be high enough TO equalize our trans2o
aIoh Win sne essr SepsteUt and Efficient sup
port and development OF our ocean steam marine until
we can reach In American but ships all ports at when
we wish TO develop trade in American goods; nh, thu
tariff must be adequate IN addition TO all the above "a
stable financial system of England
such tariff as this would simply put capital and
labor In competition with English capital aud labor, on
an equal footing and give them fair neld and enable
keep labor fully employed at the present rates.
and develop manufacturing power until we can sup
ply first fully and completely our home market; and "a
that is supplied then to develop steadily Tor
eign marx ct for surplus products.
ANY tariff that Is below this will tend nrst 70 throw
our own market into the hands or the English anq
give them monopoly of IL through the destruction Oh
our own secondly 1t will tend TO prevent us
from getting OF the foreign markets no. con-
trolled by England and thirdly as we lose control OF
our home markets., through importing English goods
labor will lose employment capital Will become unprV-
ductiye wages will go down and business become ou
anti the a6orng class, which the great majority N
this country become they are In England, the mere
tools and slaves OF capital
In other words IL Is for the interest OF every class IA
tbis country whether capitalist or aooref, an OF every
hind OF labor to establish and maintain protective
tariff adequate TO protect American lator and Amert
can capital its competition with English cheap laDor
nd cheap capital Under such tariff home competi-
ton aided by the inventive genius OF our people anu
natural resources will reduce the price
all manufactured articles pcio" "nae en'S S@N ~
bought for in England.
The surest and certain preventive OF monopoea
In this country Is the development OF ndusties All oseH
the country to such extent that Few great esao-
jishmens cannot control market aud our aispor-
fation and our labor. they would II our Market IN
stead of being disseminated all over this country was
concentrated In England or even Ia New-Engiand, IN
few and everything we had tose hau 70 NC Trans
ported 10 England and everything we wanted 10 bny
had 20 be brought back from England
Thc moment allow ourselves TO DC put INTO tnAt
position we shall be tied hand and foot ana gwen W
ssoul and body TO q few great English monoposts
Se1 YORK July 4, 1853. Dexter A. HAWKINS.