The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1883-10-26

tervalss In most OF the caves TIE
gnawed remains prove that the rein
deer formed a large part Of the prey Of
the spotted hyena. The solution of this
difficulty lies in the fact that Europe
was then q large tract of land, reaching
from northern Africa far into the Attain
tic, and therefore enjoyed a con
tinental climate with the summer
heat greater than now, and the
winter cold more severe. But this only
disposes Of one partof the difficulty, for
it is not likely that the animals would
swing to aud fro eve such a wide area
as That reaching from the Pvrenees to
TIE Baltic in one season. There must
therefore have been some other cause at
work, and that cause is distinctly shown
blythe ice marks scattered far and wide
over the TANKS of the mountains of CEN
trail and southern Europe and over the
low-lying districts in the north, to have
been q secular ard gradual lowering of
temperature, until it reached its mini
mum, probably with long pauses and
possibly with the return Of warmer con-
ditions. Owing to these climatical
changes every inch of ground in middle
and western Europe, would successfully
form q frontier between the northern
and southern animals, and their remains
would be mingled together as we find
them to be. During the extreme
cold, the arctic animals would
arrive at their southern limit.
Closely following on this lowering of the
Temperature to its minimum: geograph-
place in the north of Europe, The
area to the north Of the line passing
from the lower valley of the Severn east
ward into Russia was depressed beneath
the ave of a berg-laden sea, and again
lifted up so that the British Isles, then
an archipelago, again formed part of the
mainland. As the land emerged from
the water, the Pleistocene forests crept
over it, and the animals found the way
over the southern and midland counties.
Such as this was the scene on which
man first appears in Europe. Rude
~splfnters Of stone and roughly chippea
pebbles of flint and ebert, at their very
best trimmed to an almond shade, and
mostly intended for use in the hand, oc-
cur a%bundantly in the river deposits of
England and Franco in association with
the remains of the above animals.
They are the implements Of savages
living by the chase, and probably also by
fishing and fowling. Not only have the
implements been discovered but the very
spots on the river bank where the hun
ter sat and made them have been iden-
the valley of the Thames. Could we
have penetrated to the banks of the
Thames, or Of the Seine, in these times,
guided by a thin column of smoke rising
over the. trees till we reached the camp
OF the river-drift hunte., we might have
g the men selecting blocks of flint
and clipping their implements out oil
them, the women preparing the half.
raw meal Of flesh, it may be Of reindeer,
mammoth, or ~rhinoceros, while the
children broke the silence of the we
ming with their shouts on those very
spots where are now to be heard, day
and night, the voices of London and
Par,s.
Nor can there be much doubt as to
the relation of the river-drift hunter tc
the aforementioned changes in climate
and geography, which are usually
summed upunder the term Glacial. The
balance Of evidence is in favor of the
view that the hunter at Crawford was in
the valley of the Thames before the sub.
mergence, and before the temperature
had reached its minimum, or in other
words, in p~re-glacial times. The river
DRIFT hunter whose implements are left
~ AuocSAiio GIdNeIscu tue siOIe VI q
berg-laden sea, and possibly may have
of the famous hunting grounds then ly-
ing at the bottom of the British Chan
mel and the great Northern Ocean. The
hunter who followed the hippopotamus
and the reindeer in the valley Of the
Ouse, near Bedford, was there after the
r~elevation of the land and cutting Of the
valley through the mantle of boulder
clay which had been dropped from the
melting bergs. He probably went
far enough northward to see the glaciers
then browning the Feminine chain and
the mountainous regions of Wales.
Southwark the river-drift man wan.
dered far and wide over France, hunting
the same animals in the valleys of the
Rhone, Loire, and Garonne as in the
valley of the Thames. In the Iberiar
peninsula he was a contemporary of the
African elephant, the mammoth, and thu
straight-tusked elephant. and he camped
in the neighborhood Of both Lisbon ant
Madrid, showing there as in France ane
Britain, singular facility in choosing
which were to follow the site
Owe Italy, leaving his nipple
ments behind the Abruzzo; and il
Greece, in the neighborhood of Cor
NTH, he was familiar with the extinc
pign,y hypotaimus. We can also track
him south of the Mediterranean by the
implements found in Oran, and near Ko
lea in Algeria. in the Sahara, and sew.
eral places in Egypt, ut Luxor they have
been discovered by Gen. Pitt Rivers il
the breccia., out of which are hewn tn,
tombs of the Egyptian kings. In Pales
tine, they have been obtained by the
Able Richard between Mount TABOR
and the Sea OF Liberals, and by Mr.
Slopes between Jerusalem and Bethle
hem. Throughout this wide area tn,
implements are of the same rude type
and generally of the same materials
flint or quartzite. those of Luxor anc
Palestine being identical with those il
the river valleys of Britain and France
Throughout this area, too. the river
dr:aa nan hunted some or other o
those animals which We have mention
ed above.
Nor is our survey yet ended. He i
proved by many discoveries to have
ranged over the indian peninsula, from
the valley of the Nerbudda in the nortt
as far as Madras. Here we find hin
forming part of a fauna in which are t.
be numbered species now living in In
dia, such as the Indian rhinoceros an
the arnee. as we'll as distinct types o
oxen and elephants. There were two ex
tinct hyppopotaml in the rivers, as wei
as living gavials, turtles, and tortoises
1t is plain, therefore, that at this time
the higher mammals of India stood il
the same relation to the present India1
animals as the European fauna of the
Pleistocene does to that now living II
Europe. In both there was q simila
association of living with extinct forms
and in both the central figure is tn,
river-drift hunter.
We are led from the region Of tropica
India to the banks of the Delaware, in