Arkansas weekly mansion., 1883-12-08


, tural development of the country, and the re-
port of the Commissioner. giving the results
found interesting aud vaiuable AT his in
stance, a convention of those interested in
the cattle industry of the country was lately
held at Chicago. The prevalence of pleuro-
pneumonia and other contagious diseases of
sion. A committe. Of the convention will in
vIte your co-oreration in investigating the
| causes of these diseases and providing meth
DDS for their prevention and cure.
= ALASKA.
trust that Congress will not fail at its pres
rnOnstratcd against our neglect 10 afford them
/ guaranteed by the terms of the treaty where
by that Territory was coded to the United
/ in vain for that which they should have rccciv-
: ed without the asking. They have no laws Tor
the collection of debts, the support OF odnc.-
/ ton, the conveyance OF property, the admin
/ istration of estates or the enforcement of
contracts. None. indeed. for the punishment
OF criminals, except such offend against
certain customs, commerce and Navigation
: acts
The resources of Alaska especially in fur.
( mines and lumber, are considerable in extent
and capable of large development. while
its geographical situation is one of political
/ and commercial Importance The pronptinGs
of interest, therefore. aS well as c"nIidcr;t-
! tons of honor ana good faith. demand the I'M
mediate establishment of civil government III
that Territory
CONTROLLING RAILWAYS
Complaints have lately been numerous ana
urgent that certain corporations controlling
in whole or in part. the facilities for the inter
state carriage of persons and merchandise
over the great railroads of the country have
rcSortcd i'll their dealings with the public TO
divers measures unjust and oppressive in their
character. In some instances the state Gov
crnucnts have attacked and suppressed these
( evils, but in others they have been unati"to
/ afford adequate relief because of the jur-riic-
tiOnIl limit:it ions which are imposed upon
| them Ey the Federal Constitution. The qucS-
ton how far the National Government may
I lawfully interfere in the premises. and what.
! if any. Supervision or control it ought to cxcr-
* l.
/ Grafton. While We can not fail to recognize
the Importance of the vast railway systems of
the country and their great and beneficial in
tiucnccS upon the Development OF our ma
.criai wcmLlh W: should on ,;,rio III" ,% ";hGr rr
corporation ought to be invested with absolute
power over the interest of any other citizen or
class of citizens. The right of t.Ir>cESrIi. way
corporations to award and profitable return
upon their investments and to reasonable free
h,t it seems only just that. so far as its cnnSi,
tutiona authority will permit Congress should
protect the people ut liT%'' in their Interstate
traffic against acts of injustice, which the
State Governments are p"wcrlcss t" prevent
FOREST PROTECTION.
In my last annual message | called attention
| to the necessity of protecting, by suitable
| legislation the forests situated upon the pub
| lie dOmain In many portions ol the West the
pursuit of general agriculture Is only n:'ie
practicable by resort TO irrigation. while sue
ceSStul irrigation would bc impossible" with
ont the aid afforded by forests in contributing
to the regularity and constancy OF supply OF
water
During the past year severe suffering and
great loss of property have been oc":,S"n"d 10y
urofusc floods. followed 10y periods of unu>u-
lIy low water in many of the great rivers of
the country These irrcEu :riti"S wcr" IN Il
about the sources OF the streams in question
/ OF the timber 10y which the water supply had
hcc:l nourishcd and protected. The Prc$rr-
yation OF such portion OF the forests on the
nat !Ouul domain aS essentially contribute 10
the cullalIc flow of important water courses.
iS of the highest consequence important
tributaries of the MiSs"uri-thc Columbia and
the Sa>katchcw;n-risc i'll the mountains "i
United States. bctwccn the HIackic"t and
Fla'h"ad Indian Reservations, This region l.
unsuitable for settlement. hut upon In" rivers
which flow from it depends the futur" tEri-
cultural development of Il vast tract OF r2"n-
try The attention of Congress i called to
| III" necessity of withdrawing from the IilHiic
sale this part of the public domain and cStah-
fishing there Il forest preserve
THE INDUSTRIAL. EXIIiBIrIoNS
which have been held in the United Stnt">
during the present year attracted attention
in many foreign countries where the an
n"unccincnt ct th"-. enterprises had been
made public thr""Eh the foreign agenci's of
this Government Tho Industrial Exiii 'ition
of Boston and the Southern Exhibition of
Louisville Were largely attended by the rNhil'-
itorS of foreign countries. nHtWit thStaniiig
the absence of any professional charictcris-
ties III those undertaking. The Centennial FIX
position 20 bc held next year at New Orleans III
comInCmoraIiOn of the crntciiary OF the trSt
shipment of cotton from Il port OF tn" nift'd
States bids fair to meet with like gratifying
success. Under the act of Congress OF the
10th OF February. 1885. declaring that cNpo>i-
ton TO m national AMI international in its char
acto.r all foreign governments with which the
United States maintain relations have been
| Important Undertaking have already received
assurances of the lively interest which IT mas
excited abroad
CIVIL SERVICE.
The Commissioners who were appointed un-
der act of January Ii. 1Ssi, entitled An Act
to regulate and improve the 'iNi service OF
the United States" entered promptly upon
the discharge of these duties. y series OF ruic>
framed in accordance with the spirit of the
statute was approved and pr'An,ilshtr'i by the
President In some particulars wherein
/ rrIcutly amended 1t will be seen that they
I .iscountcnanCe any political or religious
/ which tho statute relates. The act is iimitci
i'll its original application to thc citN7ihr'i
/ rlcrkShipS in the several executive depart
mcnts ai Washington. numhcrin" about '.'st,,
and similar positions i'll customs His
tricts and p">t-oiiiccS where as many
! AZ fifty persons are einp.oFcd- \
| classification of thcs" positions aslao-
g",r~ to that existing in the WaslinEton offices
was duly made icfnrc the law w"nl INTO o'n''ct.
| Eleven customs districts and twenty three
,,, n,'nrtion nf the s,ntri..' h" :,mmt re-
port OF the civil Service Commission. which
will soon he submitI.d IL Congress, will ~! ord
the means of {; more dctinit" judgment than
am now prepared to express a. I" the merits
cncrts have. linus tar proved beneficial. The
| practical methods appear to ID" adequate" Tor
| the ends proposed, ANA there mas brch ne So
rio.IS difficulties in carry ing them into elect
Since the 18th of July laS'. no person, so lar a
| am aware, has been appointed 70 til" public
- rvicc in the classified po tons thrr""t IN any
! of the dcpnrtmcutS or al amy of the post 'oiccS
nu1 customs districts above named. except
thoS,. certified by the Commission to h@ the
most comictcut. on the basis OF the cA'llnH-
tons held i'll conformity to the rules.
| THE EXECUTIVE.
At the time when the present Executive en-
tered upon his Office, his death. removal res
! iynation. or inability to dischargr ms duties
! would have left the Government without Il
| constitutional head, 1t is possible, of coi'r>".
that Il similar contingency may again arise.
unless the wisdom of Congress shall Ptptihc
against its recurrence. The senate, III liz last
session, after full consideration, passed an
n,.t relating to this subject which will now.
houses of Congress. The clause OF the Con
Stitution upon which must depend any law
| regulating the Presidential succession. pre-
scnts also for solution, other questions OF
| paramount Importance. These questions re-
lat" tO -. .,,. -,
| THE PROPER INTERPRETATIONS OFTllE PHRASE,
| ..IuabiIity to discharge the powers ana duti"s
of suid Office" our organic law providing thit
when the President shall suffer from such ma
| hiIity the Presidential office shall dcvolNr up
| ON the Sict-PrpSiicnt. who must himself. nIl-
! dor like circumstances. give place 10 Stich OH
I GERS aS Congress may 10y law appoint TO ACT us
! President. | need not here set Iortn the nti-
| mcrous and interesting inquiries which are
| suOpcStcd by these words of the CONSTITUTION
| They were fully stated in my first coInnunIc;'-
tion TO Congress, und.hav. since been inc sup
| irct of FREQUENT leliberation i'll that body IL
| i greatly to be hoped that thes" momcntou>
! uucstious will find speedy solution, lc>t
! rn,,rrpncies may arise when longer delay De