davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
CHANCERY SALE
OF
Real Estate.

Real Estate.
No. 7l5i R -ohancery Court Of Shelby uoup.
ty-Thos A Nelson, Ezt'r Of John TriTF,
DECD, vs.. Martha L Trigg ct al.
u Y virtue of an interlocutory decree for
ID resale, entered In the above cause on the
gth day Of March. 1883, in NJ B So, page 81.
will sell, at pub 10 auction. to The highest
bidder. In front Of the Clerk and Masters
Once, courthouse Of Shelby county. Memphis,
Tonn.i on ~
e. Saturday. April 2, 1883,
within legal hours, the following described
property situated in Shelby county, Tenn.
Lot No. IS Oftbe lands Of ohm Trigg .dec'd,
south O Memphis, as made BY O, o Burke,
CONTAINING one acre and lying on the east
side OF baRose avenue and bounded on the
south by Irigg avenue, and more Particular
" described In subdivision referred to on file
herein, 10 which reference Is made.
Terms of Sale Cash.
This March IL, 1883
RI BLACK, CloYk and Master.
BY George Mallory, ID. @. a M.
oraft Cooper, Smith d Collier, OF al So
nolt0rs, IL IA 90 1882
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
a OAHU.

To all who are suffering from che errors and
indiScretions of youth, nervous weakness,
early decay, loss Of manhood, etc., will SEND
q reeiRe that win cure you FREE Oh
S ~ ;s:, inns great remedy Was discovered
selt-addressed envelope to the Rev. JOSEPH n
'dhAE, Station D. New York City.
S2xxxivk2d
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
How Manufacturing In The South
Will Affect lhe North.
Nn,,.


We have free trade here among our
selves at least, and if Southern facto.
ries can make cotton goods cheaper
than New England they will do it,that
is all. The vents Of the nation will
be supplied that much cheaper, and
New England will have to 90 to making
something in which it can surpass the
South. That ia the law Of the.suTvival
Of the fttest. 1t is the.law Of the uni
verse and the error or sel6shness of men
cannot long pervert it In this con
nection it is to be noted that as
against New England these South.
ern factories have struggled up under
free trade. There has been no
prohibitory duty shutting out New
England products from the market in
which the Southern factories have had
to sell their goods. The Infant in
dgstries" OF the South have not been
"fostefed" at all; they have had to
"kick" for living, and the fact that
they are alive shows that they are
fitted to live, and if the great New
England factories with all these years
Of monopoly and protection cannot
live alongside the young Southern in
dustries, New England will have to
turn her hand to something else, that
is all Thus under the operation OF
the laws Of free trade here at home.
We shall got our own cotton goods at a
minimum, and their manufacture will
be in the hands Of those who can man.
ufacture them cheapest, and the inAu-
enoe Of this example will be for the
help Of the people in leading them to
demand the right for buying all things
where they can buy them cheapest.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

Under and by virtue of the authority
on the 18th day of July, 1881, which deed e
OF record in the Registers office Of Shelby
county, Tenne see, in Book No. 1877 page 52.
default having been made in the payment of
the Indebtedness secured by the said deed. /
will, at the request Of the beneficiary, on
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

WASHINGTON, March N-The name
of Don Carlos Buell., Of Kentucky. il
fayorably mentioned IN connection
with the vacancy Of the Mississippi
River Commission by reason Of the
contemplated resi- 4natlon If Captain
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

Farmers wLo know that tobacco
stalks are a very valuable manure.
because their ashes contain a great
portion Of potash, perhaps do not know
that pr, Bulls Cough Syrup is the
best cure for coughs and colds.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

PENSIONS for Soldiers Widows, Par
ASA'SAOND ents, children. Any dis
creases bounties; back pay; discharges pro-
cured Desertion removed. Fees, 3 D. Send
stamp for instructions. N W FITZGERALD 4
Co., Pension Attorneys, Washington, D. G.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
CHANCERY SALE
OF REAL ESTATE,

No. 4A7, R.-Chaneery Court of Shelby
county-State of Tennessee for its own use,
ETC., VS.. kliEa B. Caveline ct al.
10y virtue Of an interlocutory decree for
~ sale, entered in the above cause on the
public auction. to tbs highest bidder, in font
Of the Clerk and Masters office, courthouse
of Shelby county. Memphis, Tennessee, on
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
Now Advertisements
II H III
N0RTHW EST
OREGON, WaShilgt0l and Idaho.

Offers the best field for EmigPau1s-
VIZ; a mild, equahIe, and healthy
oAa1nateJ cheap lands OF great ferfiii.
~, producing all varietiI OF Grain,
FRUIT. and Grasses au wonderful
aDuhAdamcrj an tnexhaustibIe sup.
lyiOf Timber; vast Coal Fields, and
OIher mineral deposits; cheap ard
quick transpOrtat, on by RAILROADS
and river navigation; direct com.
me zee with all parts of the yse-sa
owing 20 its proximity 20 the Pacific
No DR0UTHs, NO INSECT PESTS No
HURRICANES, WHIRLWI NDS, OR 9TH.
ER DESTRUCTIVE PHENOMENA.
The lands of the Pacific Northwest show an
average yield of wheat per acre largely In
excess, Of that Of any other section Of the
United States. -.
No failure Of crops has ever occurred.
oregon Wheat commands a higher price
than that Of any other country in the Liver
pool market.
An immeRso area Of very fertile Railroad
and Government Lands, within easy reach Of
the trunk lines Of the Northern Pacific r. r.,
Oregon 4 California r, r. Co.'S and their
humorous branches In the great Valleys OF
the Columbia and its tributaries. are now
offered for sale at Low Prices, and on Easy
Terms, or open to presumption and Home
The great movement of population to the
Columbia region now in progress will be- euor-
moutly increased by the compilation OF the
Northern Pacific R. B., and the Oregon Kali
way 4 Navigation Co.'S systems, This rem
ders certain a rapid increase in the value OF
Lands now open to purchase or to entry under
tho United States Land Laws.
For Pamphlets and Maps, de.
scripIive Of the country, lbs re.
sources, climate, routes Of tray.
ell, rates and full Information,
A. /. STOKES,
General Eastern Agent,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
Truslee's sac on I.eal Rstnte.

DY VIRTUE Of two deeds of trust executed
~ respectively on the 18Th day OF June,
1878, and July IL, 1873, to John A. Holt.
trustee, and his successors in Office, recorded
10 the .Register's Office Of SHELBY county.
Tenn, In book ia, page 6l5, and book 125,
page 2Sy, the debts therein and thereby So.
cured being past due and unpaid, and L,
Charles N. 0rosyenor, trustee, being the
legally constituted successor TO said John A.
Holt, who |. now deceased. and having been
thoreunto duly requested by the beneficiary
Ia the said trust deeds, will, on
wednesday, april IS, ISsS,
at the SOUTHWEST corner Of Main and Madi-
son streets, il Memphis, Taxing Di,trict Of
Shelby county, Tennessee, between legal
hours, offer aud sell at public auction, 10 the
highest bidder, for cash, the following land
In shelby county, Tennessee, to-wit:
Lot 80 In the subdivision Of the lands Of the
late John TrigE, fronting ia feet on the south
iee OF Nc eInore avenue and running back
between parallel lines 305 feet to a stake, tho
same being shown on the plan Of said Trigg
lands on record in the Chancery Court Of said
Title has been approved. but shall sell
and convey trustee only. Equity of re-
demption waived. Sale TO begin at II
O'OS On sRLEs N. GRosvERQR, Trustee.
NJ Il TrexeYank, atty 81 AZ
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
PATIENTS FRoOUR p oraa PAH

Also Trade Marks, etc. Send Model aud
sketch, win examine and report II pate {.
able. Many years practiee. Pamphlet free,
IN W FITZGkkALD 4 co., Patent Attor.
neys, Washington, D, Y. bS0SwI
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
Assigned.

CANAL DOVER, o., March 26.-J.
Ii; Edwards, proprietor Of the rolling
mill, assigned to Chas. Harger. The
assets and liabilities are not made
known.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

Dr. Pierces "FayOritc Prescription
sttratiVe tonic, WV AZ
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
Saturday, April 20, 1888,

within legal hours, the following defcribed
property, situated in city of Memphis, Shell
By county, Tenn, to-wit.
32xl22 feet.
Also Lot No; Ill, on the east side of Water
street, 30xl00 feet.
Terms Of Sale 0n'a credit of seven month";.
note with security and lien retained for the
This March "a, 1883.
R J BLACK. Clefk and Master.
By J N Bradley, D. @, Z N.
VIM. M. Smith, +. II. Heiskell and G. W.
Heiskell, sol's for complainant, q So
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
oHANCERY SALE

OF
REAL ESTATE.
No, 1872, R. hsacssy Court Of Shelby cour,v
--PatrlQA kallaher vs.. Robert kipSwaid
and lpIiR Ringwald. "~iu
Z DAY virtue Of an interlocutory aecree for
~ sale, entered In the above cauSe on tba
ON lthh aey OF FEBRUARY, 1893, M B 81, D 624.
ylli seils at public auction, to the hiehest bid
ger. IN nont Of the Clerk and Masters ofBee.
TSSIsaoSsS " Shelby county Memphis, Ten
saturday, March 81. 1883,
within legal hours, as to the followino d.
scLlneo property, situated In Shelby oouutv
Ienn., and in the Taxing District lota ~
Of Memphis, to-wit: iS'o 0i'y
beginning one handred and ter, gest 80,
81 oRe..ny street at the interseotihn ~ 'tsr {
ioot ivy with Mccall street, thence east-
Mat0sy WITH The south line Of Mccall streek
s .'.ssaSy I'VE ieet gix inches, thence south
", srv9Iy parsllel with Main street ninety feet
~ ln aon No an alley thence northwardly
the iten foot alley first mentioned. the,c ~
4oIthwardly with said ten foot alley ninetv
loet SIX inches 70 the beginning, being lot M.
hexen, IN block Ne. twenty-four,
IsIms q Saio-Ono third 60 cash, balance
y ~ eEa Twelve months, notes bearing in
selest' with coed personal security for ia.
ssIIea payments, lien retained, redemption
This March !, lssS,
M BLACK, Clerk and Master.
~ Heo. Mallory, D. O. I'M.
ie Taylor a Oarroll and D. A. Frayser, sols.
121
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

Wale's Honey of BOrehOund
and Far win arrest every ailment Of
the lungs, throat or chest.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

THAT HUSBAND OF MINE
Is three times the man he was before
he began using Wells Health Re-
newer" 81. Druggists.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27
CanoraI RueIl RecOlIectea.

For Tho skin Glenn's sulphur
Soap.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-03-27

NAaANN out
The sea is more moderate this
morning and the noble Servia, which
Jpstihes every commendation, rushes
through the water swiftly and very
smoothly. The tremendous engines
OF 10000 horse power, scarcely make
any trembling or Earring motion, SO
noticeable in smaller steamers. Dur.
ing the night we heard the sailors
singiHg az they hoisted the sails, after
which the ship zap even more steadily
A very dense and cold fog blows down
from the banks Of Newfoundland
which we are now passing. The low
reading of the thermometer indicates
the vicinity Of ice fields, which the
mist copceals from our sight. The
officers tell US that rapid fall Of ten.
perature Ia this locality is a sure sign
that we are near ioeEergs, especial,
al this season of the year, and in this
locality. AT noon to-day we are, b.
observation, IN north latitude 42S
longitude 5l9 Al, west.
60 -, SUNDAY, March 4th.
The sun rose clear for the first tim,
since we lett New York. The horizon
is sharp and we'll defined, but SO VERY
distant that we realize now that w,
are indeed upon the broad ocean. AZ
lOi n.m. the sailors who could 81
spared from duty fled into the dininl
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11
RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

'Sinners and Saints" by Phil Robinson,
author of Under the Sun" is an entertain
ing account of tour in this country, includ-
ing three months among the Mormons. Mr..
Robinson saw great deal in his tour and
much of what he says is original and bright,
being thus very different from the contents
of the ordinary book of travels. Published
by Roberts Brothers, Boston, and for sale in
this city by H. H. Peck.
''Surf and Wave; or the Sea as Sung by
the Poets" edited by Anna L. Ward, is a
very well made and pleasing collection of
poems concerning the sea. The volume con-
tains 61s pages. and in it are poems by severa
hundred different authors, and such care has
been exercised in selecting them that none
are poor. All the favorite poetical refer
ences to the sea can be found here and many
good poems that are not familiar to the gen
eral reader. The book is very interesting as
showing how the sea has affected poets and
it is also valuable as a book of reference
We do not know of anything of the kind that
is anywhere near as complete. The book is
well and generously illustrated. Published
by Thomas Y. Crowell & Co., New York, and
for sale in this city by F. t. Jarman.
"a Fair Plebeian,'' by May E. Stone, au
thor of 1.-THE Doctors Protege," 'fThe Feast
of Roses" etc., is the taking title of book
which has been added to the Hammock SER
les published by Henry A. Sumner & Co.,
Chicago. The heroine of this story is Kath-
arine Kaw, whose mother ''disgraced" her
proud family by marrying a poor artist
whom she loved. Katharines mother and
father both died, and she went to live with
the sister of her mother, who did all she
could to make her less "plebeian.' But
Katharine fought the old lady long and we'll
and refused to be subdued. young man
came upon the scene and won the good
hearted Katharine's love, and it was finally
discovered that she was not SO ''plebeian" as
her aunt thought, her father having been a
member of noble English family. She
married the man of her choice and lived hap
PLY in Castle Vale. The plot of the story is
interesting, though somewhat improbable and
complicated, and Katharine's character is
well drawn The book is good summer read
ing. For sale in this city by F. It. Jarman.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11
CRACKED.

A man in Rochester has such cracked
voice that he rarely says anything without
breaking his word.-Rochester Post Express
"I guess you will stand another siege OF
Trov " said Smithers as he placed dilapida
ted looking handkerchief in the laundry
hamper-Boston Courier.
Somebody substituted pile of eorn-cobs
for the doughnuts on an Omaha railway res
taurant counter, and they were about two
thirds eaten before nybody had discovered
what had oecurred.-Rome Sentinel.
morning paper. speaking of the attempt
ed suicide of a young man says: 'sHe shot
himself in the woods" In that case the
bullet must have entered the dunbar re-
gion. IN. 7. Commercial Advertiser.
There is a young fellow in our neighbor-
hood who has been making a daily practice
of attempting to sing Let me like soldier
die.n He seems to crave death, and they do
say that one of his neighbors who has 9
mnsket is preparing to accommodate him.
Cincinnati Saturday Night
The stage beard losks as much Like beard
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

that grew there as a cows tail would if tied
to the bronze dog on the front porch. When
you tie heavy black beard on young actor
whose whole soul would De churned up if he
smoked full-hedged segar, he looks about as
savage as bowl of mush and milk struck
with club.-Montana Gazette
Two gentlemen were talking the other day
about their success in life. One remarked
that when he came to Baltimore, Just after
the war, he didn't have second shirt to his
back. That's nothing replied the other.
''When came to Baltimore I did not have
any shirt to my back at all" He was born
here.-Baltimore Every Saturday.
A scandal, or quarrel, or murder is often
explained by the statement that 'there is a
woman at the bottom of it''-as the man
said when his wife fell into the well. There
is generally a woman at the bottom of every
thing; but the capitol at Washington is a
notable exception. There is a woman on
the top of that.-Norristown Herald.
A vig1lant sentinel is posted at the door of
picture gallery with strict orders of the Gus
tomary character. A sight-seer happens
along and is promptly hailed. ''Here, sir,
you must leave your cane at the door -
"But, my friend, haven't got any cane
''Then go back and get onei No one is al
lowed to pass in here unless he leaves his
cane at the door. Orders is orders i"-Ex-
change
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11
Wong Fat on Wrestling.


"Say, Wong, why do the Americans like
to see wrestling and fighting ?'
'tOh. him heap faid of him wifee. Nell
can velly fond stay out latee. Him wifee get
heap mad-taka poka-say, Me givee him
fit'-taka pitch ice wata-say, Me coolee
him Off Bimeby Mclean man come home,
takee off him shoe, stealee upstay-say, Me
fooiee ole woman ALE same him wifee
open him eye-say, sHa! whe you be SO
latee? Wha time you thinkee him be p Den
Mclean man him say, You BETA leavee me
lone-me velly bad man. Me see tightee
alice night-Patsee Hogee-Jsck Hailnee.
Me heap sabe Sullivan-knockee you out in a
mint. Me sabee Muldoon-givee you fall
bleakee you neck. You let up; me velly
tough man-muchee wosee man Sullivan.
Den him wifee hitee Mclean polka, wetee
him ice wata, takee him wipee de flo. Nell
can man yeIlee tMudda! fl fl pleecel Nexa
day newspapa say heap muchee talkee high
life. Velly bad on Melican man him get
divose, ale same Jim Fay-giyee him wiYse
million dolla an ketchee nudda gaIlee.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

"TAad Salt Rhe,,rt for 10 gears packages Of yOt.''
Skin Cure entirely cured n,e.' F. P. Lavee MeFced,
Cal.
Andrews Brzar says: ITO improve peoples ap-
pearance great risks taken; arsenic, mercury or
high sound titled named articles containing these
death dealing drugs taken in hopes of getting rid
of all these troubles In many death is the re-
suit No alienation of the burning, heating itching
and Inflammation is given. All troubled should know
that there hope for them in sure, perfect and ee
CANT remedy known as DR.. G. WBensop1s Skin cure"
ty Skim achich has been coUered gih Scaty sores,
has become clean, smooth and soft tddyS from the
use of our Skin Cure" A. NJ. Noble Salem, N O.
The Home Journal says: "Dr- G. VI. Benson has
long been we'll known a successful physician and
surgeon his life study has been the diseases OF
the nervous system and of the skiE."
''Pp happy to say yO1r Skin Cure has cured 4y Ec-
zentG of the scalp Of f0T gears stGn0 n.y. Jno a.
Andrews, Attorney at Law, Ashton, Ill
The Richmond Dispatch says: ''There is but one
Skin Cure which be relied on, and that is Dr.
Benson's and is earnest of its worth. 1t
is not patent medicine but the result OF his own
experience and practice and is sure cure for the
special diseases for which it is offered"
Dr. Benson's Celery and Chamomile Pills cure
headache Of every nature promptly.
G. N. Crfttenton, Sole Wholesale Agent for DR.. @.
W. Benson's Remedies, lis Fulton ST., New YORK.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

In Favor OF Keeping the Old state House.
To the Editor of the JOURNAL AND COURIER:
Your well-timed editorial invitation to dis
cuss in the columns of the JOURNAL AMI
COURIER the soldiers memorial project is do
ing great good. sIn our opinion, to help make
of the beautiful and classic old State capitol
a memorial edifice and lasting monum ent
of our States sainted heroes, who gave their
precious lives for us and ours, is the WORTH
est use of the ''ert preservative." Can there
be better disposal of the sum appropriated
than to cxpend it for public library, which
our city SO greatly needs Besides the $50,
600 for the Soldiers monument funds to the
same and perhaps larger amount are now
waiting in the hands of trustees, by Will. FOR
the expressed purpose of free public IL
brary No need of any more delay. All not
required to make the building memorial
edifice to our martyred soldiers can be added
to the library fund, or, better. can be sacredly
kept for preserving the building and fitting
il outside and in for its grand purpose. The
combination of a Soldiers monument and a
free public library adds to the interest and
Importance of each. They fit exactly into
each other All can soon be made ready.
why not go ahead 3? Decide and act
AN OLD CITIZEN.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

employed Sir Henry Bessemer has made
the calculation t11l.t if this coal were formed
into cylindrical co1Nmns of so feet diameter
and 500 feet in height, and if these were
placed in a row, their own diameter apart,
they would make colonnade 85 miles and
$50 yards long, the product of each work
ing day being sufficient to make fourteen
such columns.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

To the Editor of the JOURNAL AND COURIER:
By all means place the proposed Soldiers
monument on the site now occupied by the
old State House. No one would be apt to
see it there but it would be SO convenient to
those posted as to it's whereabouts, to direct
them to the back yard of the Centre church.
VETERAN.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11
zIl Al2I

Endorsed by the French Academy of Medicine for
Inf1a lnmat1On OF the Urinary Organs,
caused by 1ndiscretion exposure. Hotel Deu Hos
pta Paris Treatment Positive cure in one to three
days. Local treatment only required. No nauseous
doses of Cupebs or Copaiba.
INFALLIBLE, HYGIENIC, CURATIVE, PREVENTIVE
Price $1.50, including Bulb Syringe Sold by all
Druggists or sent free by mail securely sealed,
ceipt of price Descriptive Treatise free appl1ca
ton. AMERICAN AGENCY ''66'' MEDICINE CO.,
Detroit, Mich, and Windsor, Ont.
Sold in Fair Haven by Salisbury Bros.
Richardson h Co., New Haven, Wholesale Agents
an00r fri
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

Those who are disposed to find fault with
the hot spell" should remember that
Mother Nature is obliged to hurry little in
order to make her work come out all right.
She got little behind in the early part of
the season, but during the last week she has
been catching up'' fast.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

An Interpretation of the Pope's letter on
Irish affairs comes from Rt Rev. Bishop Nc
Carthy of the diocese of Cloyne, who, writ
ing from Queenstown to Rev.T. O'Connell
ton, says "Too much has been made of the
propaganda letter. 1t is not prohibition of
the Parnell collection, nor of the priests TAX
ing part in politics, but merely of their tax
ing an active part in promoting this collec-
tion.''
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

The discussion of the soldiers memorial
project is interesting and voluminous. The
memorial building idea seems to find the
most acceptance. It is plain that a monu :
ment is not useful, and would not longer OF
better preserve the memory of the dead
heroes than a building.
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11
EDITORIAL NOTES.

The Mayor and board of Aldermen of
Portland, Maine, have voted themselves ad-
mission to all places of amusement free and
have decided to wear badge ''of some ap-
propriate design so that their identity may
be known to the doorkeeper. This is small
businaaz
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

During recent argument Roscoe Gonkling
declared that certain Missouri statute could
not become law until "the shattered fabric
of our government shall leave nothing bat
broken arches and the pale memory of q
thing that was" The cause Of this gorgeous
outbreak was an oIeomargarine case
Morning journal and courier., 1883-06-11

Mr.. Wharton Barker, lea6iing Indepen-
dent Republican of Pennsylvania, says that
the Independents of that State will cordially
unite with the regulars in the coming
campaign if they are given explicit guaraua
tees of fair treatment and fair party manage
ment hereafter. One of the guarantees that
they will ask is that new chairman shall be
placed at the head of the State committee
whose name will be an assurance that all
members of the party will be accorded equal
rights The other evidences of q new order
of things demanded by the Independents are
good candidates and sound platform.