Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1883-08-22

water, pint; gals, bruised, II ounces.
green copperas, drains; gum arabic,
10 drains. The gals must be coarselY
powdered and put into a bottle, and the
other ingredients and water added. The
bottle securely stoppered, is placed in
the light (sun if possible) and it's con-
tents are stirred occasionally until the
gum and copperas are dissolved, after
which it is enough to shake the bottle
daily, and In the course of month or six
weeks the ink will be fit for use. I have
ventured to add 10 drops of carbolic
acid to the contents of the bottle. as If
efectually prevents the formation and
growth OF mold without any detriment
to the quality of the ink, 80 far as I
know.-NoteS and Queries.
THE NEED OF TECHNICAL TRAINING.
We may easily realize the increased
need of technical training to-day over
the necessity of 1900 years ago. At
that time, the artist himself did the
work, the actual labor; he evolved the
idea and executed it; the brain that con-
celved the thought guided the hand that
gave that thought substance and shape.
Every touch of the chisel impaired life,
for the spirit of the worker went into
the stone, and it was nodded and shaped
by the genius of the thinker. Now it is
mechanical; the artist originates, others
execute, and this execution must follow
patterns, designs, plans. No scope is
given the workman, he is bound by lines
beyond which he dare not go, and his
fancy, II he has any, serves naught in
the creation OF his subject; drawings
control this creation, and the living
translator of those drawings, from what
was In the past an intelligent reasoner,
has become In the present an automatic
machine.
Disposing thus of mans Individual
ity, some means are essential to convey
the thought of the designer into the
hand of the worker, and customs have
grown and laws have been adopted that
will serve as sort of mental telegraph
between these two-laws which govern
the flight Of the artists fancy and in
struct the artisan in an understanding of
the designers purposes. Taking this
view of the situation, it is certainly
necessary that talent should be techni-
cally tempered.
TOOLS USED ON THE PYRAMIDS.
During a residence of two winters in
tomb at Gizeh, Mr.. W. M. Flinders
Petrie collected evidence showing that
the tools used in working stone 1000
years ago were constructed with a Jewel
at the cutting edge. He stated his rea-
sons for coming to this conclusion in a
paper read before the Archaeological
Institute, a resume of which is pub
lished in recent issue of Engineering
of London. Solid and tubular drills,
straight and circular disk saws, and
lathe tools were made with Jewels set in
metal. The lines of cutting on granite
core made by a tubular drill form con-
tinuous spiral, the grooves being of a
uniform depth and width throughout,
showing that the cutting point was not
worn as the work advanced. The regular
taper of the core would indicate that
jewels were also set upon the outside
and inside of the drill, thereby facilitat-
ing It's removal. IN some specimens of
granite the drills sank one-tenth of an
inch at each revolution, and the pressure
necessary to do this must have been
from one to two tons. The skill of the
workmen and the capacity of the tool
are illustrated by the clean path
through both soft and, hard material-no
difference IN the groove being percept-
ible, although it passes from a soft sub
stance into quartz, subjecting the tool to
an enormous strain. In plane surfaces
the depth and width of the cuts indicate
the successive stroke of a saw, and the
use of the circular saw is proved by the
regularly curved lines. The forms OF
the tools were the same that experience
has sanctioned at the present time. The
scarcity 0f tho diamond and tho lack Of
strength ii the sapphire and beryl lead
to the consideration of corundum.
Nothing has been found about the metal
of which the tool was made or the
method of setting the jewel.