Morning journal and courier., 1883-12-03

was, in 1861, 2, 11O, 454 in 1871, 1857, ,138 l;
 in 1881, 1888, 1s4. Since 1861 the number of
 non-produotive persons has increased, say
 twice as fast as the number of productive
 persons.
 Mr. John Griffin Carlisle of Covinston, Kentucky, was the winner in the contest for the speakership, and the Democrats might have done great deal worse than they did in selecting him. Kentucky has furnished more speakers than any other State in the union. For nearly one-fifth of the time since the organization of the government Kentucky man has presided over the house of represen- tatives, six Congresses having awarded the honor to Henry Clay. Virginia has furnished seven speakers, Pennsylvania six, Massa- chusetts and Indiana five each, Maine New Jersey and North Carolina three each, and New York, Connecticut, Ohio, South Caro- hna and Georgia one each.
 The Taxpayers association has already been informed, and doubtless will be again, that the association will be useless, for there IS nothing that needs investigation in the man. agement of city and town affairs. This in- formation is, no doubt, kindly given, in the hope that it will save the association from doing work which does not need to be done, but there are so many who do not think that ''aIl is lovely'' that the association will be justified in spending a little time and money in trying to find out why New Haven gets 30 little for the money she spends. The asso- citation should pass vote of thanks to those who want to save it trouble, and keep right on.
 A Norwegian plant geographer, Professor Schubeler, calls attention to the remarkable fact that most plants in high attitudes pro. duce much larger and heavier seeds than in warmer regions near the equator-an effect which he ascribes to the prolonged influence of sunlight during the long summer days of the high attitudes. In some cases the differ ence of seed development is most astonish. ing Dwarf beans taken from Christiana to Dronthein-less than four degrees further north-gained more than sixty per cent. in weight, and thyme from Lyons, when plant ed in Drontheim, showed gain of seventy one per cent. The grain of northern fields is heavier than when grown in more southern localities, and seed from Norway planted at Breslau decreased greatly in the first year. The leaves also of most plants are larger and more deeply eolored in higher latitudes, as was first noticed by Grisebach and Martins. The same is true of flowers, and many which I are white in southern climates become violet in the north.
 An interesting experiment in the way of ar bitration is in progress in the boot and shoe at Cincinnati, and has thus far l been success. A 'board of arbitration and 1 'cnciliation" has been formed composed of I smployers and employees. Before this board i comes every dispute, and pending decision ] work is to be continu ed in the shops as if l aothing had happened. If this board cannot ! each decision each side selects an arbitra- ! or and the arbitrators an umpire. The de- | 'ision of these three is final Each factory las shop committee, composed of the pro. ,rietor or 8 member of the firm and two per ons selected by the employees, who hear any dispute in the factory, and if they cannot gree they refer it to the board If any em- 'loyer refuses to submit to decision his ASP @~ sS HO OSSInA SlA OA d anu IT any mploye SO refuses he is to be deprived of york in factories represented in the board. To employer or employs is allowed to inter era with anybody because he is union or on-union man. This organization has, in he few months of it's existence, settled a dis greSmsnt in regard to the wages of shoe tutors and fixed wages scale for six months. here seems to be no geod reason why the apartment should not be permanently suc- sssful. r.
 LIVELY.