davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
Gorucratiou Nollees-

NOTICE.-Proposals will be received at the
~ oce OF tho Deparmc Of Public Charife. and NOre
ton o GB 3d-ave June y 1883. FOR urocees ry
DC For ful information see NitJ
Record, for sale Ma. city Hat
NTOTICE.-Sealcd Proposals will be received
~ al the Burean ~ INSPECTION OF buldlnss No..
Ibi ana l57 Mecerst. until June H. lso iot IsAihR
Dawn The Unsafe Building 40 Az ast lSuthst Foi m III
formation city record. for sale AZ 10 City hsL
fI,O CONTRACTORS.-Estim for erecting
furnishing sea wall on Nortl Brohers' Island ClB
ana Couny OF NoWYOr. will he received by tue t0n sion
ers OF the Health Department al their ohce 5ol aos n
IN June O. 1855 For fdll Information SEQ zig hecofn io
sale IT No. 2 city HAL
VlO CONTRACTORS-Sea proposals will
Works until 1888 for building sewers rega anu
grading and for setting aud gutter stones aud hagsng
sidewaks fun Information SOC city Record Tor saio al
No city Hall
TO BUILDERS and CONTRAC ORS:-
Sealed proposals win be cceivod AT the pice of tho
COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS, ~ ChsinDefsst 81
un Jnne IL 1888 Paving and Laying Crosswaks asO
Tor furnishing Materials and performing Work IN The erection
CRY RECORD. for sale At No 2 CITY hau
rVO CONTRACTORS AND CAST-IR0N PIPE
MANUFACTU RERS.-Seaed proposals Will be received
AZ he fce OF the Commissioner Of Public works 81 Cham
he;sst uutil June 1ss3 for furnishing oasf0n wafer
pipes branches special castings AMI Tor innshlng De
lvering and laying siXnch ana iourlnch pipe 70 supP1
water 10 the hOspita NOrih Brothers Isan1 FOR iu
informaton city Record; for sale at No. CITY HAN
4
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
Far nov. AMI Youa. Msa-c,nasr,

A LEXANDER INSTlTUTE-M;litary Board
: 'As ''A'''' -''' Psiasipsi Q. r. WILLIS. Pm. d
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05

For Young Ladies-Citv.
"ARVARD EXAMINA GIONS FOR w OMEN.
The NewYor Local Committee propose 10 continue @
I'm the their classes 10 prepare ior tue In
trance Examination. ,,- .uu :. Ala. ,y,o vial,
These Will be equally open 70 yonng aaes
10 pursue advanced study. but VINO 40 ho' onu W P"'
fhemseves for examination .-,, 4. .,o c.cro
Application must be made before septeHocr y" "o ~
tary, HEYHOE, x,,,.. ,,so,.,.od conntv New York
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05

UNIVERSITY OF THE CITY OF NEW rOn.,,
4 J JYOKK,-DEPARTMENTsO OF AKIS AMI oOi|NNA"
- iN INSTRUCTION. FREE. , 49,,
The next examinations viii be nea IN rno rnne
airy Washington square on luesuas '""N 49,
and on tuesday September ls az ~ a m . ,,s g., ,,o
The ANNUAL LCOMMENCEMENI WI WI q, pc ,nso % O'clock
an which occasion Semi Centennial Commem3isut,o hu
6ess will be delivered by the Rev John han ~ D. g.
lor al interim Alumni meeting in the university A'oP "
the same day
I University Grammar School, 1,4ol Broaaway'
fSo osnarf1entx ~ Hobby w. l. Adm. PrincipAs
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05

Law Schools.
VALE LAW Schools Professors ana ~
nine instructors. IL. b. IN two yrt.' u. - pt' ,1 ~
wears Fail tenn opens sent Il FOR CIR i'iA "''i''' ~
NAYIAND. NNMMaYen. u
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
Ocean Gledlmery.

DORDEAUX LINE. ..,..., o,rr,ao.
NEW.YORk AND BORDEAUX Dllthci -. ~
81 LATTE, 1000 tons. o''
LEONIItF, 1000 tons. iul - Jlny %
from "Prence's stores" near all 81 feriy nIooNa
Trsyelors TOR France spain and ray PyreneeA l"n'
Nice SC will save and Kponse By "a einsts ha o.
Cabin dncudng unc, $50, Steer4Sa p-0
fo' P~'S@so app" " r. LIE BOULANGER. A. Beaver-st.
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
= EuIcU vAJJEY RAILROAD.-Pasi ienger

EHlGn NALi.rl !, nnrLnE oiaS, aad Desbrosses q.
a, e.lo n n, s.4O ana d. m EastOl Beth ehem alsr
town Reading Mauch Chunk Wilkesb1rre rowlnn
iv lti.ca Geneva Lyon. Buffalo and the West rum,
through coaches daily. Loca trals A. u' al" ~
n m fo Fasfou Bethlehem and CoDlay - o,oac, f,r an
FTra,na Ieavins az :: and ,yfb M -
ronts i'm Mahanov Hazletonsol .,nox =.
local for Mauch Chunk, $40 a. m. Leave MAUI" N" -
os,.. oa-,or of church and COrtl2l V.hs
GenerA Eastern o"'0e' ' r.. b. BYINGTON a. r. A
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
AND LONG BRANCH r. r.

- (PennsyIYaIIa H. II. I1OI NVtt9'u-'
Statfonsin York : st and Desbr0sseS-st
(Centra r. r. of ". j.. foot Lioerty.s--
For south Amb0y. via O. X X OF j. .. $40 M Es''
4,6 D. via Penn. x. r.. o. II m, D. SUNDAY W.
For Matswan. &C. via G. r. n. Of ". j., s:lj m- E,n
A. y p n., via Penn Il r.. IL M 3'oy D. III 'N~
day, ya. m. ...-o,.,
sea Cirt Point Pleasant &c. via @. r. r. o " j. SloA
m las 4. Up m- via Penn Il. r. n n IL a. 3:3l m.
mot stopping AZ Ocean Grove or Asoury raA
For f Lakewood Toms River Barnsga &C., via R. r. Of
N j. SIS a m. las p. - . =.
d. For Keyport. 5. S:l5. ll;s5 m. la. tb 81 m.
For r. p RALpWfN i. IL WOOD J. = RASDoLPH,
~ ~ p - n y of y r >" a AFR r. supt
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
Tor 10th sexcs-country.

TOT DOsI4 J--4N'' -''''-7
FAMILY BOARDiNG SCllOOL, ! ) mics
~ from NeW.N orK; children receive m'the4 . o'io
Mis-. il. G. AONRrLI. Manha --ai j.. 4.
HALE STUDY during the summer months
I 4 for voany ladies an 4 llin"n al
,-.,. 80, ~, 'frds,n y - " ~ BA \ I~TEll. \. NJ.
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
rVHE ERIE RAILWAY, now known as the
/ NEw.YoRR, LAKE ERIE AND WESTERN RAIL
street Depot.

Of trains nom ChanlDers StTrtI IJtVII-
a. m-Daily except sundays. Day Express dia"nf room
Binghamton, EimiTa and Bunao. SleeIihS
coaches Hornesyiile Cleveland. Cincinnati and Sni
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
Law Scho is.

DOCKLAND COLLEGE. - Nyack- on tue
Ia Hudson. Both ,sxct s1'L ssnl lt'e a',i'''@ w. !"
u y \ A 81
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05

EOR BOSTON. The latest evening i G.,,Ir; tram IN
-, sf ~ ii'sf n M week days and sundays lO;50 p III
Eornine train 1883 weed DAYS Get uskets va moan
NEW.YOPK AND NEW-ENGLAND lsAlLl.oAD.
NOR RRIDGEPORT and all points on HOU-
sATONlC and NAUGATUCh hAlLkOA
Leave Carherna IL $3.50 p m; -ousS' ist'-
hsver tt1 n ma Fare lower than by any other route
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05

D. m (Dalyp-"st. Louis Limited ExpressGNo e5tra s
charge -Pulnan's sleeping Coaches 10 Buf
faio arriving 7:Z5 Niagara Falls . m; SSamsnss
7U5 M; Cleveland lao M Ctncinnsu 80 p m, , =.
Iouis $40 a m second day Connecting trains arrivo
Detroit $40 D. M; Toledo, 5:25 p aud lndianapons
New-York tribune., 1883-06-05
rop PoNDOITT AND KINGSTON, landing

Il at Crons;on's Cornwall, Newburg, Marlboro Milton;
Pokeepsie Esopus connecting with Ulster ana
sonv tlove Railroads Steamboat CIV OF Spilhgsa ~,
Tuesday THURSDAY saturday 7. m nom hatisohS- y"
lima At n
The Middlebury register and Addison County journal. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1883-1885, 1883-05-25

Rev. Josiah Henson, known for
many years as Mrs. Stoves Uncle
Tom," died recently at Dresden, Ont.
in his ninety-fourth year. We find in
an exchange the following account Of
his life: Mr.. Henson was born a slave
in 1879, in Charles county, Nd, and in
his infancy he was separated from his
father, and a few years later from his
elder brothers and sisters. Josiah and
his mother remained in Montgomery
county, Md, on the plantation of Isaac
Riley, whose confidence Josiah gained
by protecting him in many drunken
brawls and by caring for his estate.
After the slave had reached manhood
his master became bankrupt, and, fear
ing that his negroes would be sold, he
persuaded Josiah to lead them to the
estate of his brother, Amos Riley, in
Kentucky. Henson safely conducted
twenty-one slaves including his own
wife and two children a distance Of
nearly 1000 miles. In Kentucky the
religious faith which his mother had
instilled into him d%eepened, and with
out being able to read, he became a
preacher in the Methodist Episcopal
church. Such was his character for
truthfulness that he was frequently al
lowed to leave the State on business,
and even to go North on his promise to
return.
At a Methodist conference in Gin
cinnati, in 1928, he obtained gifts
amounting to $275, and some time
after he arranged with his master to
purchase his freedom for $3.50 He
pa d the money, only to find that he
was the victim of a trick, and would
have to pay $500 more for his freedom.
Soon after he resolved to escape, and
after many hardships he made his way
to Canada, with his wife and four
children. He found work with the
farmers of Dawn (now Camden), in
Upper Canada, and he oon acquired
some property and became the leader
of hundreds of escaped slaves. He
took an active part in "The Under
ground Railway" risking his life more
than nee by venturing into Kentucky.
In 1851, after his eldest son had taught
him to read, he visited England, carry
ing introductions to many people and
meeting with great kindness. On his
return he wrote and published his
autobiography, for the purpose Of
raising money to buy the freedom of
his elder brother. Mrs. Stowe doubt
less obtained from Mr.. Henson much
of her material for "Uncle Toms
Cabin" but that novel is not the his
tory of Mr.. Henson as a slave, nor was
he the sole model for "Uncle Tom"
Mr.. Henson visited England again a
few years ago, and had an interview
with Queen Victoria. The British
public has purchased 10000 copies of
his autobiography.
The Middlebury register and Addison County journal. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1883-1885, 1883-05-25
Insec.s rs Food for Man.

Mr.. Max Buchner's Contributions
to the Ethnography Of the Bantus"
contains the following interesting
notes which show that insects are by
no means despised as food by this tribe
Of negroes, which inhabit a large por-
ton of Southeastern Africa. Toward
the end of the rainy season, in April,
when the white ants are swarm'ng
the conical buildings of these insects
are covered with a dense mating of
banana leaves, while, within this cover,
vessels are PLACED with funnel-shaped
entrance. In these vessels q vast num-
Der of white ants, males and females,
are caught and roasted on the spot.
They are considered a great delicacy,
ever Mr.. Buchner finding them very
palatable. a large, fat, subterranean
cricket, as well as a large Coleopterous
larva, living in hollow trees, are equally
sought for and roasted over fire. But
it is especially a large caterpillar called
"%ugoungoo," which is harvested by the
natives like a field crop. 1t is about
five centimeters long, black, with yell
low rings, occur on the savannas, and
"belongs perhaps to the butterfly Gre
MIS- Whenever it appears in large
numbers the negroes march out in fu!l
force from their villages, camping out
for weeks in the wilderness to gather
and cure the crop. After the intestines
have been pressed out, the caterpillars
are dried before the fire and rolled up
in packages of fresh leaves. TO a civ
ilized taste they are most disgusting,
the smell reminding one Of that of our
cabbage worms. In view of this Gus
tom it seems to be strange that the
Bantas refuse to eat snakes and am
phibia of all sorts, even frogs and
lizards not being touched by them in
times of starvatiCn.-AmericGn Natu.
The Middlebury register and Addison County journal. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1883-1885, 1883-05-25

thing that lasts for household use@'
A peculiar feature of the business at
the assay oilice Is the large quantity of
gold and silver coin which Is constantly
being converted into bullion at the re-
quest of corporations and business
men. Heavy packages of bright
golden eagles, almost fresh from the
government mint, are brought to the
assay office to be melted and run into
bullion. Merchants say that they can
do nothing with the bulky coin, and,
therefore, prefer the gold bars, which
can be more readily coverted into
paper money. Silver dollars are being
melted up every day. Many persons
into whose hands they fall in incon-
yeniently large quantities gladly suffer
a loss of $151 on each $1,000 of the
silver dollars in order to get rid of
them.-NetO York Times.
The Middlebury register and Addison County journal. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1883-1885, 1883-05-25
New Y0rk's Churches.

The 800 churches in New York city
are distributed among the denomina-
tons as follows: Roman Catholics, 100;
Episcopal. 70; Presbyterian, Al; Metho-
dist Episcopal, 60; Baptist, 90; Luz
theran, 10; Reformed Dutch, 16; Con-
gregational, 6; Universa!ist, 5; Unita-
rian g.; miscellaneous, 30. There are
also 10 Jewish synagogues and tenn
pies and a mixe1 congregation of free
thinking Hebrews and other elements
that holds its meetings on Sundays in
stead of the Jewish Sabbath.
The Middlebury register and Addison County journal. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1883-1885, 1883-05-25
VI. Farm Machine Co., Bellows Falls, VI.
HOW WATCHES ARE MADE.

In a SOLID GOLD WATCH, aside from
the necessary thickness for engraving and
polishing, a large proportion of metal is
needed only to stifien and hold the engrav-
ed portions in place, and supply strength.
The surplus gold is actually needless. In
james Boss Patent Gold Watch Cases this
WASTE is saved, and LIDIT and
STRENGTH increased by a simple process,
at one-half the cost. A plate of SOLID
GOLD is soldered on each side of a plato
of hard nickel composition metal, and the
three are then passed between polished
steel rollers. From this the cases, backs,
c%enters, bezels, etc, are cut and shaped by
dies and formers. The gold is thick
enough to admit of all kinds of chasing
engraving and engine turning. These
cases have been worn perfectly smooth by
use without removing the gold. This 4,
the only case made under this process. Each
case is accompanied nth a raid guarantees
signed by the manufacturers warranting it 10
wear 20 years. 100000 of these Cases
now carried in the United States and
Canada. Largest and Oldest Factory.
Established 1854. Ask your Jeweler.
The Middlebury register and Addison County journal. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1883-1885, 1883-05-25
MORRIS ( IRELAND,
BOSTON MASS.
No.. r..
bsgT PINO- PALM/NE ST

When you buy forty pounds of feathers,
you buy only thirty-six. When you buy q
hair mattress, YOU don't know what you
buy. The four pounds OF feathers you paid
for, but didn't get, are grease, blood, smells,
contagion, danger. Tn hair mattress
well that Is a compound as mysterious as
hash. In q recent lecture on diseases ariS-
ing from these old-fashioned beds,
DIR. Alfred l.. Castleman, Of Milwaukee. said:
of Your own bodies cast off by perspiration and res
piration and mingled with animal matter. Summer
after summer has some member OF your family sweat
ed on such bed, and added to foul combinations tho
foul mass you lie, the warmth and moisture OF Your
bodies causing its decomposition and fermentauons
giving back its foul gases and holding then, IL con-
tact not only with the nose and lungs, but with every
absorbing pore of the body. Enter your, bedroom
in the morning after having been in the June ar q
moment, and the smell that meets you IL stlfling.
Make q hole in a bed from which has arisen a patlent
after sickness; apply your nostrlls; II your toniacn
retains its contents, you are to be envied. II You In
herit q predisposition to fevers, heumatlsm llnan'
nation, or m here is a cause OF develop
ment far more potent than swampsa ana nlArsny rIer
bottoms"
Bettertryadry, non-conducting, aromat-
&c, vegetable bed OF Pino-Palmlne. ltg1veS
you healing, aroma ior your lungs, Ihsteau
OF feather dust and foul smells. Being a
non-conductor, 1t takes no poison from the
body. Its toning properties change inner
tied predispositionS TO chronic ailments,
OF which the Dr.. speaks, and fortineS the
system, so that 1t don't give way readily 10
lurking constitutional diseases
If there il no agent near you, send orders. with
length and breadth of bed. to Agent Pine almine Co.
lis Water street, Boston, Mass.
The Middlebury register and Addison County journal. [volume] (Middlebury, Vt.) 1883-1885, 1883-05-25

Michigan has 100000 mich COWS,
capable of producing products of the
value of 100000 annually.
The Sedalia weekly bazoo. [volume] (Sedalia, Mo.) 187?-1904, 1883-03-27
Hop Bitrers are the Purest and
Best Bitters Ever Made.

They are compounded from Hops, Malt.
Buchu, Mandrake and Dandelion-the
oldest, best and most valuable medicines in
the world and contain all the best and
most curative properties in ali other RENE
dies, being the greatest Blood Purifier,
Liver Regulator. and Life and Health
Restoring Agent On earth. No disease or
i'll health can possibly long exist where
these Bitters are used, so varied and per-
fec, Q their operations.
They give new life and vigor to the aged
and infirm. To all whose employment
cause irregularity of the bowels or urinary
Organs. or who require an Appetizer, Tonic
and mild Stimulant, Hop Bit,erse ar invalu-
able, being highly curative, tonic and slim
ulating without intoxicating.
No matter what your feelings or symp-
toms are, what the disease or ailment is,
use Hop Bitters. Don't wait until you are
sick. but il you only feel bad or miserable.
use Hop Bitters at once. 1t may save
YOUR life Hundreds have been saved by
80 doing. $500 will be paid for a case
they will not cure Of help.
Do not suffer or let your friends suffer,
but use and urge them to use Hop Bitters.
Remember, Hop Bitters is no vile drugged
drunken nostrum, but the Purest and Best
Medicine ever made; the "Invalid's
Friend and Hope" and no person or
family should be without them. Try the
Bitters to-day.
The Sedalia weekly bazoo. [volume] (Sedalia, Mo.) 187?-1904, 1883-03-27
sEDAILA WEEKLY BAZOO, TUESDAY, MARCH 81, 1883.

to make the die, which is q secret mix
lure prepared BY the professor him.
self, permanent. 1t is said that the
professor had a very large business in
San Francisco. Ladies moving in the
highest circle of society make no So
cret of their being tattooed, and the
yonng ladies especially considered it
heroic, and a proof of their devotion
to submit to the process of having the
name Of their true love indelibly fixed
upon their person. The tattooing
process is generally applied to the
arms. but frequently to other portions
of their BODY.
The Sedalia weekly bazoo. [volume] (Sedalia, Mo.) 187?-1904, 1883-03-27
A KENTUCKY GEN CLEMAN.
What he Thinks il the Matter
With the People of the North.

Chiesgo Tribune.
"Befoh the wah,' said the colonel,
taking chew Of "nigeer head" We
uns had houses and niggshs. You all
took away Duh niggahs. and lately you
all have taken To beatin' Duh HOSES,
but by The mothah Of Mobses YOU all
can't take away Duh whisky. When |
was a boy drank a pint of Bach
Grass every day. During the wah |
fought into the confederate ahmv, an
sometimes couldn' get my Bach Grass
regular. so when the wah was ovah /
tried to make up foh lost time by
takin' quart day" And the colo
mel aimed shot at the spittoon. only
fifteen feet away, and rung the bell
the first time.
Look at the splendid specimens of
physical manhood. sab, that come
from Kaintuckv. Look at Henry
Clay, Cartah Harrison and myself.
sab. We don't have no such dried up
little cusses as you all down our way.
You ought to drink Bach Grass early
i'm the mornin' and late at nights :;
drink it when you all are sohah. and
drink il when YOU all are tight SPILL
my Southern blood. but / could tel
YOU all houah about it !" and anoth-
er shot at the spittoon hit the center.
Ladies ladies!! Hu-wee! We
all have angels; that's what We all
have. They eyes so bright they cut
you to the haght- They hath so fine
and Gully in leetle waves! and when
the sun shines on the hath the, look
like COIN silk. ali! It's unsafe fob
Yankee who's not used to Duh ladies
to travel in Kaintuky, sab; TON when
he sees Duh ladies he want to lay right
down and die in de road, sab. Eve
not saw a gal moth of the Ohio rivah,
sab, that's fit to be doh mat for my
own daughtah, sab, and she's the
homeliest gal in our neighborhood.
sab"
The Sedalia weekly bazoo. [volume] (Sedalia, Mo.) 187?-1904, 1883-03-27
The Latest Society Craze.

Another society craze, which had
b origin in San Francisco. has taken
bot in Chicago, and threatens to
egead over the country. A Professor
Ipson has arrived in Chicago from
be Pacific slope. and will, it is
bought, soon be much sought after by
be fair sex. He has reduced the
recess of tattooiag to q fine art, and
prepared to decorate any one who
|esires it. The professor keeps Kim.
klf very close, and it has been found
|npossible to obtain any information
om him, but a young lady who
parded at the same house, told q re-
|prter what little she knew. She SAID
be professor had q large number of
atrons in the highest social circles Of
be city. whom he decorated with mono
pms or such devices as are desired,
t unmarried ladies generally prefer
have their lovers names pricked
to them. The professor used needles
r the purpose of puncturing the skin,
The Sedalia weekly bazoo. [volume] (Sedalia, Mo.) 187?-1904, 1883-03-27
MISTAKES OF SMOKERS.
Cigars That Pass for Havana not
Made of the Real Abajo To-
bacco.

brooklyn Eea2le.
Under the name of .'Havna," a
tobacco which grows only in the Vuel-
to Abajo district, near the city of Hav-
ana, they purchase all kinds of tobac-
CO that grow in Cuba, and Cubans
will tell you that some Of it is the
worst i'm the world. Yara, which is q
fine grade of Cuba tobacco, if used
when fresh, is worked up as Havana,
but not to so great an extent as the
product of the Vuelto Arriba There
is some of the last named viii ch has
a really fine flavor and taste, but the
leaf is much coarser than the Hava-
ma leaf, and much of it is as coarse in
flavar as in appearance. Still. what
flavor it has is, as a rule, far superior
to that af tobacco grown in the states,
and gives tone to the Connecticut Or
state seed, with which it is commonly
mixed to make the ordinary seed and
very little of it ever gets into this
market.
A very common error among we'll
TODD smokers is to suppose that be-
cause they buy IN imported cigar
they must get good one. Many Of
the brands of imported goods which
hav e had their run here, such as the
Figaro. Espanola. and the Partagr,
never were fine grade Of goods as
compared with other Cuban cigars,
and many of the limitations made here
and sold for the genuine by the mil.
lion were actually better than the or.
Havana cigar. Nowadays there is con-
siderable Sumatra, Jamaica and even
Mexican tobacco used here in the
sane way, but probably the bulk of
the so-called Havana mixture comes
from the Vuelto Arriba, as stated.
The real Havana, that from the Vuel-
to Absjo, is almost entirely absorbed
by the manufacturers of Cuba itself,
the prodcut of the best plantations be-
ing in fact mortgaged far years in ad-
vance. just as used to be the case with
many cotton plantations IN the South
before the war. 1t is safe to say that
iginals.
Some verey 6ne brands of cigars
are imported here from Cuba. but in
comparatively small quantities. the
bulk of the best goods going to salts
fly the esthetic demands of the roy atty
and aristocracy Of Europe. A famil-
lar example Of this can be seen in tie
Napoleones, q very large cigar, which
was first made by a Cuban .manufac-
turer for the late Emperor Napoleon,
and which cost a dollar apiece. Every
particle of their contents were select
ed and handler and an extraordinary
price was paid for the workma sship.
and no gum being used to turn the
end with and keep it in place.