davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1883-12-19

ON the nth, Mr. and Mrs. Vim. Vanderbilt
gave : private bali ct their residence, New
York City. About 1000 attended. The dec
otauons we're costly ana handsome. ana tne
sn',a t'vslieo mo spaendoE OF EufoPean cou1s
-. $780,;
&C.,, s ~ IS. 1o. n. ). .os ~ A
~ sv0u0 W too AVN, un0o1 my stscA nesx
100 oq Lac. Wls. re . Wa nvang sseieton
oyer him Novembsr i III, - ''>~ 49, 1''o"A
THr. lf.nnf.ctr,rrar. R.rI !. .4.4. ;n..itrt;or
Am.terd.n = = .nere,,dad ~, tha 1n+h II
had 4 csnifsl NJ 1S{o' 006, ma Scnosif. Of 3so :
nm = - 80, -, ~ WV
/. CHn1s11Ax +, RrcHrR, : builder, Baltimore.
Nd. failed on the 10th. Liabilities az. 600.
A rmo. s;m;l.r "a the T,,aad rinr r. he;no
= $3.50 :, NJ VOL So 1s,.,.eS;n. -,
No. for - = 80 - 10 dons A. s;ven ont :,
~. ,,o.-a - ,n,,s;. -o... "a s.eas. ,o.:a.s
- ia rsel "a ~ Sscts The ioase. :" tS,e
~, az 81. y. ., S;.e ~ .,,,,n. 81 49, a. s
o06. 600. '>-e'@ ~''-
on the 9Th. Rev. VIM. d. Hoyt. an assistant
priest At st. AIMS Catholic Church. New York.
while saying MAS, WAS stricken with spoplexy.
He il 20 years Of age. ~: b..
TIE number OF business failures in the
Omitted States and Canada for tho week ending
tne IN was Hl7. -
: BAN FRANslsco spectators lost heavily owing
to the hiRh rate OF freiehts this fall.
,RAnnrsr1,a ievalrv stne = Chicago. nj.
NJ takan no.seaa,an ~ IN tla .har;1 on The
In. Tjahilit;ss M mn 80.
! m, N;.Is, 80. p.;,.,.a h. -..a
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1883-12-19
SPOKTIN6.,

ANDREWS, recently signed by Harry
Wright to play second base for the
Philadelphia, is to receive 81, 200.
IT is reported that N. B. Stewart
will bring over his forty-ton English
cutter yacht May, next season, to COM
pete for the queens cup at New York.
HAn1An has received cablegram
from Australia, Offering to arrange a
match between Trickett. and the Cana
dian for s., 900 de, allowing the Wis
itof 81, $50 for expenses and one.third
of the gate money.
BRsDEs the sculling match between
Birbear, of Putney, Eng, and Ross, of
Pittsburg, contest has been arranged
between the Putney sculler and Elliot
for e40O, over the course from Putney
and Mort]ake, for the championship Of
the Thames.
NEW YORK men wanted to bet 81, 900
recently, while in Sullivan's saloon, that
Sullivan could not, with his bare fists
knock down an OF with four blows. Sui
Ivan said he could do itat the first blow,
and was anxious to put up the money.
The trial will occur at Fl. Hamilton
about New Years. ia.
The Cleveland wrestling tournament
ended on the evening Of the LIST, Ross
winning $500, Fo1s medal, and the
championship Of the world in mixed
wrestling. This is the third time Ross
has Won the medal, aud he will now hold
it. Ross secured seven falls, Gallagher
six, and Thompson and Pooler four each.
Ar the annual meeting Of the Chicago
Amateur Base Ball League, the Pioketts
were awarded the championship with
twelve games won, the Browns second
place and the Firemen third. The
championship includes, $58, and the
Spalding prize, the second taking q
dozen bats and balls and the third one
half dozen.
The inside history of the trot between
Jay-Eye, See and st. Julien has just been
made public. The.event was q genuine
hippodrome. Case received only 81, OO0
for the use of his fast horse, as he had
previously unwittingly signed contract
with Mr.. Orawford to trot Jay-Eye-See
in two matches for $4,000. Crawford
arranged the great race, and despite
vigorous objections by Case, carried it
through successfully, pocketing Is per
cent. Of the gate receipts. 49,.
SEVERAL months ago Sam Baldwin, Of
st. Louis made = standing offer of So
to any one who would run $50 points, OF
better, in his hall in that city. On the
morning of the ID William Cation, afte1
several difficult round. the-table shots
got on the left hand rail, and then the
sport began. When he reached $50
Baldwin offered him 800 more if he
beat 429, the largest run made in The
hall. Cation accepted the proposition.
On turning 429 Baldwin made him ar
offer of $40 more if he reached 500, an6
another gentleman added $50 if he beat
Schaefer1s run Of Cos. Cation chalked
his cue and went to work. Finally 69t
was reached and Cation continued with
out . break until he had scored 7l9
when he missed an easy shot.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1883-12-19
vi. Wanted Him Twice.
from tho Detroit Free 7ress.3

A Nebraska sheriff who was on q train
coming east from Omaha the other day
fell into conversation with New York.
er, and finally admitted that he was in
pursuit Of q broker. sa..=s Il $e>a ~.
g A. broker-for what :" tsi 5s $3.50
Oh, one of our smart towns was get
ting ahead 60 fast that it must needs
send to. Chicago for q broker. 1t want
ed him bad, and he came. He opened
an Office, put in ticker. displayed quo.
tations, and made about $50, 600 in six
weeks. . .s.:s:.5.1
g How - . 81. &. .5.... g.. s@,..@ II
"Well, that's what they want him
the second time for-they want to ask
him how. = RE .s=s /
. Has Il affected the town ~
IS Well, : little. I think If chap
should come through there offering to
sell tickets 70 Heaven at 81 for the trip
he couldn't ge: . man to put down q
nickel in advance. They d expect to be
hide tracked somewhere about half
way.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1883-12-19

.ELLEH y. IAIRBANKS, ND.
0dsoo and Rssidsnoe, corner West Nstn md
Maple Streets, opposite Public eehool Building.
Austin, MINI. At ho0o 0ntl 4. u. and from i
Ito Y.R.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1883-12-19
ID ED CEDAR AILL0
J. GRB0S0A

'1snufaoturee and W1olesaJo Dealer IN The best
brands Of 0rsoers' and Bakers' Flour. Also an
kinds Of Mil Feed for sale at his store on Main
:Ueseo, Austin, MIMI, and u the NH, Two miles
south Of the city.
Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1883-12-19

Rooms up town. Guests carried to and from The
sdty FREQ Of charge. Up town connect d b. telo.
ipAone ct Clsznmee b PooloRb. Austin, MINI.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
A POSITIVE CURB
FLY'S
Cream Balm
TOR
CataYPh and Hay
l. EVER


CNEQuALgD FOR
COLD ~ THE HEAD,
Headi,h & Deaf iess
~ suy kInG of nGcns
m mbraual irritations
itfi3mei and rough
surfaces 4 prepara-
tion of uudpubted
merit. Apply by The
little 1Igcr INTO tho
mott iIs. II will ne
bsorbet, eff aily
Gle n irg the nasal
raasaceS OF catarrhal
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
4 Jester Joked.

We-Mark Twain, Joe Goodman,
Dan De guile. Frank Mayo, Louis Aid.
rich, Dcnuis Mccarthy, your narrator
and other choice spiriis-had organized
n club appropriately named the "Visi-
gOths.h Mark Twais was then laying
the foundation Of his future wondrOus
fame bv filing the columns of the Viz
ginia City Enterprise with the toughest
though richest kind of humor. 1t often
took the form Of the most merciless
practical Jokes. None OF us escaped his
keen tongue or trenchant pen. So, when
one dal Mark announced his intention
Of leaving MS for the Ray to seek his for.
tuac in larger field, the boys re-
solved 10 give him a good send-otl,
Nark was myslcriously informed that
the visitors were going 70 10 something
b1ud,omc Twain, not to he outdone,
bought a box Of champagne and pre-.
pared himself with most pathetic
speech. We got ourselves ready forthc
presentation by buying IN elegant mo.
rocco caso, properly inscribed, and then
quietly and iusidiously placed in it a
nlCe cay pipe costing Just MY cents
The ease was locked and we threw away
the key. happened 10 be the Viking
for that week aud il devolyed on me TO
make the presentation speech, Il was
done in the most diguidGd aud solemn
manner Marks many noble qualities
were enlarged upon, His brilliant GEM.
Us, his bright future, how sorrowtully
we parted with the merry, genial spirit
who was won't to set "the table in q
roar Then the moorschaum case was
handed over TO him. His response was
so eloquent and pathetic that it moved
him to tears, aud us too but no matter,
The champagne flowed freely and the
fun WAS fast aud furious. But the great
hunorist and champion seller did NOT
become aware Of his treasure till he got
home and had procured the services of
.ocksmth. They say the air was fill.
ed with sulphurous gases when Mark
realized the sell! lie did not speak to
us for 4 week. st Louis Post Dispatch
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
Artistic Personalities.

The ideal of the artistic personality is
undergoing n change. Formerly it i'm
Piled something of the picturesque and
the ncalculable, The temperament of
genius was held 10 be the temperament
of every possible tragedy. 1t was the
zone of storms. Serenity was relegated
to tine commonplace mildness Of family
favored humanity. The element OF
genius was supposed to be indicated by
the alteration of extreme feeling, and
an air of gloom aud depression without
known cause was held to be proof of
iineness of organization. The Byrons
and Poes were typical examples OF this
popular conviction regarding genius,
and those persons to whom nature had
been generous in equitable endowment,
and who were vet ambitious to rank
with their heroes, affected this senti.
ment The gifted Hopkins of the age
held convictions on the subject of their
unappreciated lot in life. and the tears
that would be she'd too late over their
too early graves, TO turn night into
day and day into night was supposed
to be an unfailing symptom of the SUI
perior mind. With this irregular TEN.
permanent Was closely allied n strange
craving for stimulants and for narcotics,
the one naturally calling for the other.
The sad prohigacy of Poe was laid to
an excess OF genius, whereas the fact
was that. in so much he was deficient
in the latter instance of the poet
painter Rossctti, we trace into pain and
perpleXitv this dark thread OF irregular
ity that ran through his life. The finer
insight of later learning and research
negatives this former estimate Of the
temperament Of genius, In its porfec-
ton il is harmony. In its finest deyel-
opment it is the nature that runs rs true
as spring and as exact as q chronome-
ter. It rules Its moods and teuses,
rather than being swayed and swerved
BIZ them. The artistic personality. as
now understood is typihed by the
sweetness and serenity Of Longfellow,
rather than BY the dark and tragic indi'
vidualities, whose gloom and mystery
we're once held to be the unfailng in
dications of immortal gifts. We have
done with that order of genius of whose
personality Byron was the type-"a
mystery with winding sheet" rs some
body graphically described him.-Bos'
Ton transcript.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
A Story Of Staging Days.

All good story of the old Arkansas
stage line from Fayetteville to Alma,
now supplanted by the railroad, is told
BY correspondent of the New Orleans
Tmea-D Democrat His fellow passen gers
on a certain night were n mild-eyed col
lege professor and plain, blunt man
in a checkered shirt and trousers to
match. At one point in the road the
professors hat blew off and over the
precipce; but caught on bush ten feet
below The professor was terribly dis
tressed, and offered S25 forts recovery
When the driver, who let himself down
by one Of his rens, had returned the hat
aud received his reward, the professor
explained that bills amounting ID ST.
100 were sewed under the lining. The
stage gunb'eG on and everything seem
ed favorable for quick trip, when sud
denly road agent stepped ont from
behind tree. lie searched the pas
5engers, but sound so little toreward him
Tor his trouble that he got mad and
swore he would take their clothes aud
send them on naked to the station. lis
revolver was unausweraOle argument,
aud they were about to strip, when the
passenger with the checkered SHIFT call
ed out, Look in the lining of that fell
lows hat and you will find some
money The poor professors &1,l00
was soon in the pocket of the robber,
who forthwith decamped, The stage
went on but such was the rage OF the
driver and other passengers at his
poluoonerv that he of the checkered
Shirt had TO walk The next day he APP
peared at the hotel in ALMA, took the
professor aside and made him accep,
$1,000, saving that he knew he appear
ed like a dirty scamp, but the fact was
he had $4,000 under false soles in his
bsots, and must inevitably have lost ii
If he had not devised plan to escape
being stripped, He was rich broker
and had donned his rough costume to
avoid trouble in the mountains.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
Bird Architects,

Doves, in the construction of their
nests, display great apparent careless
ness or want of skill. The coarse sticks
that compose their nests are so loosely
thrown together that one would hardly
believe they could-hold the eggs. This
Is evidently a provision Of Nature to Sc
cure the young from vermin, like the
practice OF woodpeckers Of laying their
eggs on the bare wood A similar inn
perfection of structure marks the nests
OF some of the larger birds. But why
should certain species be endowed with
this conservative instinct, while in others
1t is entirely wantingP BY careful OBJ
servation we may find reason for bare
wood that vermin may not find harbor
in the materials of a nest; but when
wren or chickadce takes possession of
one Of these vacated hollows it fills it
with materials that are fitted to harbor
swarms Of vcrmin, but each of these
birds feeds on the minutest crawling in.
sects and with Its microscopic vision can
easily destroy all that enter its abode.
- Wilson Fldgg
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
"What Tina Was It2n


Four clerks in Boston wholesale dry
goods store were lounging about after
lunch one day not long ago when bus
mess was dull, They got to telling
stories.
"1he other day. said one, "a New
York business man started from here in
a hurry to 20 to the Providence depot.
He wasn't sure of the way, and when
he got to the corner ofWashington street
he asked boy The boy directed him,
and got 10 cents for his trouble. AT the
corner .pf fremont and Boylston streets
be got stuck again, aud asked another
boy which way 70 CO. The boy told
him, and the New York man gave him
10 cents also, Arrived 10 the depot all
out Of breath be asked third boy what
time the next train started for Provi-
dence The boy told him, and the
man gave him 8 cents, What time was
it?N
Two and a hall" said Que OF the
three attentive clerks,
"A quarter past" suggested the Sec
ond.
"a quarter to threeH exclaimed the
third, triumphantly,
"KeerectW said the iend who perpe.
trated the yarn.
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
Beautiful Chris.

When n reporter was told that the
ladies were having their heads shaved
in order to cultivate curls, he was not
entirely overcome with surprise, but
had sufficient strength left to prosecute
his inquiries concerning the new craze
Visiting number Of fashionable tom
serial parlors the reporter soon ran
down his man, and cornered him for an
interview.
"Oh YES" he said, "short curly hair
is becoming very popular among the
ladies, Ii makes them look young and
pretty, and YOU know all ladies like 20
look Young, Curls are all the rage just
now.n
How and when did this craze for
curls start?'
II can't give you the history of il, but
If YOU will take the trouble to look NJ
the latest fancy pictures and photo
graphs, you will find the hair is short
and curly Langtry looks far more
beautiful in the pictures where she has
curly hair than in the others, In the
illustrated papers you will find that all
the beauties have short curly hair 1t
is simply fashion, and you can &C.
CONT for it as well Is |, y
10 what extent has it grown here in
Louisyille?'
Il first attended lady about q gear
aro, and since that time have shaved
between fifty and sixty heads. / shaved
six last week. and IS many more the
present week.
800 YOU use the razor andlsther3"
"Oh, yes, the same as on a mans
face. The hair is generally cut short,
and then the head shaved close.
How is the hair cultivated into
curlsPn
by brushing it reversely, and while
it is growing a wig or fancy cap is
worn. The hair is brushed up on the
top of the head until it becomes so long
as to crowd the disguise out of the way,
The wig is then thrown aside, aud the
natural hair curls beautifully"
After the head has been shaved,
how long does it take for the hair to
grow outP"
about six or eight months, though
some hair grows quicker. You see the
hair has to reach length Of three or
four inches before the wig can be safely
discarded, and afterward the hair is
regularly shingled to be kept at about
that length, l saw lady on the street
this morning IS hose head shaved about
eight months ago, and she had a head
of as pretty curly hair as ever man
saw, 1t was wondrousy becoming to
her, and know she felt proud OF it.
as it very eXpensive?"
well, they have to wear wig for
several mouths, and that will cost s25
or $50. They generally have those wigs
made out Of their own hair, and when
it is thick and long the hair-dresser will
take it and make wig for SIS"
And for shaving the head you
charge--9'
"One charlottesville Post
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02

viz g causing healthy 8, cret ons. !, alaye ia
Hammlfi n, ct cts hs memhran Innings OF the
head fr IN additional colds, completely heals the
sorcs ard restores the sense of taste and suell
Beneficial results are reaiz d by few s9plcs.
tiOus
A TAO OUCH TREATMENT WILL CTRE!
Cream B Ira ha ain-d q envilb.. lepuistiou
wher yer known dispacin ga other Iepar0t'ous.
Send trcFsu ar continuing iul Information and
reli Bile t'siimOuill. Bt mail, prepaid 10 cents
psckage--.ttnps received sold by Al, whole.
sale nd tail drggg sJs.
ELY'S CREAM BALM CO., rwero y 7
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1883-02-02
A French SAMPLE,

An eminent lawyer undertakes the
defense Of miserable and detected
looking man accused OF stealing coat.
He cross.examines the prosecuting
witness and involves him in numerous
contradictions, tears in pieces the fimsy
sophistries of the opposing counsel, and
winds up with such an eloquent perora.
ton that the jury brings in a verdict OF
Not Guilty without leaving the box.
amid q perfect Virgins tornado of ap.
plause.
The rehabilitated prisoner casts him.
sell into the arms OF his defender.
bursts into tears and sobs;
MY preserverl Ny preserver."
That's all right, my good fellow"
says the advocate, patting him on the
shoulder; ''your innocence has been at.
tested by a jury Of your peers, and
henceforth you can walk abroad hold
ing your head high in the consciousness
Of your integrity"
And can wear the coat nowp'
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1883-05-13

started at %. 500 and knocked down for Al b5o
'ne highest price over given for print. The
owher gave $1,000 for 1t a fow years ago. It
Ieii TO NJ. Dutuit. the celebrated collector ~
houen. Othcr Rembrandt proofs brought lnrpe
sums. but tho Marc Antonios of tho collection
sold very badly.
Mr.. Laurance ELEPHANTS new story. "A,tioro
Peto' announced by BiacI,roors. promises
70 create a. much OF n sensation as his "Pccn.
amy. The reviews bcspeak for It an immense
and growing popularity.
among American contributions to Westmin.
ster Abbey are memorial window to the late
Dean Stanley and bust OF Coloridce,
Edmond About will probably succeed N tho
chair In the French Academy made vacant nv
the death OF Jules Sandeau.
very credltable exhibition Of vster co,ors
ana ctchings by American artists was success.
iuiiv opened to the public at Egyptian Hall. in
flccadiiiy. to-day 1t was crowded with Wis
itors and bide fair to be the opening wedge for
much heavier enterprises In behalf OF American
art In the future.
Tho Hon. wyndham stanhope. son OF Lord
harrington. secured divorce Yesterday from
mrs. stanhope. formerly Camille Caroline. n
pIotty minor actress. on the ground of her
adultery with Lieut. Adye OF tho Royal Irish
hines. Fashionable society at Cowes has been
deepiy scandalized over the DEVELOPMENTS in
tho case. Lieut.. Adye was warm friend of
the plaintiff. and found Mrs. Stanhope a rock.
iess and tickle beauty. 1t is understood that
'ney arc Doth leaving for America.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1883-05-13
JOTTINGS ABOUr TOWN

Tar srs has received for Mrs Anna Davis, $50 West
Thirty 'hrst street, e. from Brooklyn TO-"
The Progress Club ia pnout to build $4,000 Climb
house Al no and li2 East fifty.nn street.
Henry Grosicnn the French Commissioner Of Agrcul.
tur-. visited the Produce Exchange yesterday.
Phpss Business Dlrc'ory of New York city for 1898.
"a, has Just been issued by W. Phillips Co.. NJ Nassau
street.
Cot !. A CouklinQ will address the Thomas Jefferson
Club ~ RruokIyu Tomorrow ,v-rng on The origin
and Character OF the Earliest Political Parties in the
United states
Twenty-Five acrcs Tarrytown Heights have been
-four. story hote! and TWENTY-FIVE two'story cottages
there, at an pens- OF 10000.
Mr. Eugene Delmar riayed ~ games OF chesa stimuli.
taneousy last evening NJ the new rooms OF the Aanhst
rn Chess cuO lut East Fourteenth rtreet lie won H.
lost 4, and were drawn.
octngon tower. twenty three feet across 10 IN be
h"'!, u, h"-vu. Hospital on ihr rm.nyran,h stree,
for bath and wash rooms
Mr.. Mason ZONES il Ia erect at n cnst OF S2uUOA
arx. brick and yellow -tpnr apartment house fitiN
eighth street near ti ay.nte, 80 b. riH stories high
AMI to contain twenty four suites Ot apartments.
The Park Commissioners will widen the east drive In
Central Park IL thoy get the from the BOAr
Of Apporonnent Zen Nele reports that the drive
be wd.nrd hfIeen feet toward the without inter.
ference with the features OF the landscape.
Jnliano Giuseppe. - years old admitted to the
Emigrant Hospital on WArds Island Thursday last
Early y"-trrin, morning lie disappeared S-versl hour1
the south end "f Warts Irsnh I, is supposed that he
Jumped iuio the river.
why insure against IRE and not accidentsi 10 your
I""liing ar warehouse more valuable than yourself
Are they m"tr likely TO h. turned than accident u
happen TO your p-rs"n' statistics say not.
since the low rates for hccurnt offered nv
The United States Mutual Accident Association $40 and
a!. broadway New York. Is It wise and prudent
wi,hou, ~ The msn,bsr.hp fee MH Twelve dollar.
portionats Tstss-Adv.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1883-05-13

Formal Opeaing Of the International Show
By the Prince Of wales

LONDON. May 12.-There was q tremendous
attendance at the opening Of the International Fish
cries Exhibition At South Kensinrton to-day, the
twenty.three acres of buildings being hlled with
spectators from all parts Of the world The
Prince Of Wales, accompanied by his sons
reached tho main hall at 1910 p NJ. und his
entrance was the signal for clsppng
OF hands and hearty cheers The dn IN this section to
officials Is benutiful affair covered by handsomely
wronsh, sanepy surmoun.ing the canopy and arti.i
pended fsstoonrd fishing net, Prom this point the
party taken through the first hall of e.hibts-,n
treasures Of the United States and Canada D.putaons
Of route. The most conspicuous and picturesque
o. these were fhs lndsn; Of Snmaas James Kn;
who had Joined the party with other diplomats was an
,ntsrested observer q the display After viewing sew
the sddrs.s OF the eonmii,ee WAS ppe.enssd by ,hs
DUKE q Riehmona he explained tn. object. p the
~. er Ts; eG. Snl ,. an
tended tend, thu. ,hs public should receive an actual
Of Cookery and that the committee had kept steadily
before them the fact that the e.hitcn was 70. the
open several nghta each week for the benefit of the
WORKING classes lie then formally hsds The Prince of
expressed sr..s Sss:ats S.i"s .ss a.:.. q
present He hoped that the exhibition would he the
and most ecisn methods Of securing tie bounty Of The
streams lakes and oceans and would thereby be a
Tie imporAne. the saving section Of the display
and commended II TO the attention q the people In
the snd
~ the display and to their representatives. for their
tns IN SrnsnE the Exhibition H. to
was formally declared open.