davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11
Telephone vs.. telegraph

WILMINGTON, DEL, JAN lion complaint OF the
Western Union Telegraph cempany's manager
here the telephone exchange has cut the telephone
wire running to the Mutual Union Telephone conn
pany's office, In this city, on the ground that the
Mutual Union company has violated its contrace
by using the telephone for the receipt OF telegraph
messages to be transmitted py It's lines. The
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

DucHAR0R - CENSUS OFFICE CLkRKs-TnefU
were l0s clerks discharged from the Census ofneo
this morning. r is understood that these clesln
win be taken back II Congress makes the appe0.
priat1on that was asked for There are now -
clerks remaining IA the ONCE, and there b mo0aY
enough left 70 pay their salaries for thirty day4
and Il BY that time the appropriation is not ma14
the entire ONCE win be closed and the WORK -
pended until the sst OF June.
NOT ENITfLD 10 1NTxR TrNDIa LAxDa-141
Commissioners of the General Land ODe hAs 81
c10ed that minors ana married women are nOe -
titled to eoeer t1unoeg lan1g = Callfoeuea, 0Eogu
Nevada and WaGh1ngtoa 1ofE3toly, un16f - -
thooo 6tAt0 md tegy1cpg1oA +
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

WTNNTP 70, MAN, Jan. IA letter has beer
received here from Wallace Ross, expressing {
desire to meet Hanl an on the Red river, with th<
mayor OF Winnipeg as stakeholder and referee
He wishes the race to come on In July, and ADDS
''You may depend on me. would give my right
hand to beat Hanlan.n
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11
Railroad OFFICER. Elected.

WILMINGTON, DEL, Jan. 1.-THE Smyrna q
Delaware Bay Railroad Company held its annual
meeting at Smyrna yesterday and elected a board
OF directors with the following organization: John
F. Bingham, president; Robert W. De Forest sec.
retary; II. c. Douglass. treasurer; John X. Mich
olson, attorney; l. ID. Bruyn, engineer.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

NOmi nation To-day.
The President sent the following nomination to
the Senate to-day: Everett B. Sanders, of Wiscon-
Sin, to be receiver Of public moneys at Wausan,
Wis.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11
7 ~ SPECIAL NOTICE.

f@ SPECIAL NOTICE.
OFFICE OF THE MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE
COMPANY OF D. c.,
No 902 PA. AVE. NV.
WASHINGTON. DEC. 80. 1882.
The annual meeting OF the Mutual Fire Insurance
Company of the District OF Columbia, will be held on
the bird Monday of January, 1883, the 18th prcxmo
at Odd Fellows, Hall. 7th street, be ween D and
sire t. northwest. commencing at O'Clock IN.
By the charter Of the Company. the election Of seven
nagers to constitute board to conduct the affairs
the Company is required to be held at the above
meeting.
By the sixth article Of the bylaws of the Company
is rrovi1ed: 'At the annual meeting of the Company
the first business in order shall be the the
OF chairman, who shall conduct the meeting cleo
ton in accordance with the act incorporation be-
tween tie hours Of O'Clock a.. m. and 6 y. M"
All Policy holders requested punctuay to attend
company. 81, s47 $685. 90
amount OF cash on hand 2.6T025
Cash received on renew ais tor 1ao3.... 8, $50. II
Securities. 126, 043. 80
tSa estate. 49. GOO. 90
Ofhce furniture and fixtures (approxi-
mate value).. )....,...................... $1,000
Losses by fire for the year 1882 adjusted
and paid. .....:.............-....... 5.4sO.1S
Losses by fire for the year 1882. adjusted
and unpaid ald-................-.......... 125. 90
By order of the Board of Managers Of the Mutua
Fire Insurance Company.
d30-14t j. WESLEY BOTELER. Secretary
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

fSn SWORMS1EDT 4 BRADLEY,
kS Real Estate and Insurance Agents.
92S street northwest.
Houses and let's for sale in all parts of the city.
Houses nted, loans negotiated and collected.
Special attention to the of property of resi-
dents. j3-16t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11
The Old.fashtOncd Winter storm.
ITs EyrFNr-coIn n WE arurp Lxn rIcrI ,rr,rpa

NEW YORK, Jan l1-From reports received by
the signal service department IL appears that the
snow storm which still prevails has been general
throughout the entire region east OF the Missssp-
pl river, including an area from Duluth, Mich,
TO the south Atlantic heaviest fall being
In the lake region. The temperature has fallen
considerably I'm the northwest There was yesters
day at Moorhead, Minn., fall OF 800: at Bis
Oak, 800; Leavenw0rth. Kan, 200: 81. Vincent
M1nn, go. The velocity OF the wind yesterday
was at Block Island, S miles per hour; Yankton,
80; Cairo, 26 Minimum temperature at New York
city, llo.
THE STORM IN THE WEST.
CHICAGO, JAN 1L-The storm OF snow has been
general all over the northwestern states fan
or some five inches has occurred here since mid
highland as the snow is still descending, with no
sign OF abatement, IL Is feared traf1c In nd OUT
side the city Will be greatly interfered with.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

GOVERNMENT RECEIPTS To-DAY.-InteInal reye-
nue. $40 1876; customs, s56a. .0862A
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11
ADJUSTMENTS

y Vi I DE- VI y " i >
n ATIONAL THEATER. LOTTA.
Every Evening and Saturday Matinee.
Engagement Of the Inimitabe
I.OTTA
AND HER OWN COMEDY COMPANY.
This Thursday Evening and Saturday Matinee.
BOB.
Fridav and Saturday Nights
LITTLE DETEC I'VE.
(Lottc assuming Sig Different Characters.)
Monday. January Is. The Comedians,
ROBSON & CRANE.
Box sheet fer sale Of ats open. jail
FoRD's. FASHIONABLE WEEK.
Engageme ut Extraordinary of the Great Society
Artist
MILE EHEA.
WILLIAM HARRIS AID A wELL-sELECTED
COMPANY.
REPERTOIRE:
THIS {THURSDAY) EVENING. Romeo and Juliet.
fr,day .---.-.A Adrienne
oatnIoay E'ehlng-.--.-- N uch aao About Nothlng.
Monday january IL.
BOSTON Ip!3i. 0l ERA COMPANY.
The sale of seats III b. gin Th9rsl3y. jail
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11
HOTELS, &c.

rI.ARK HOUSE, A BURY PARK. NEW JERSEY,
~ ls in readiness for guests at reduced rates until
june 1883 1t is heated by furnace, has every
room; excel eilt board; cheerful surroundings and
home comforts. very desirable place for families
o26-3m
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

I lNCOLN HALL
THE SPAULDING LECTURES
GRAND SUCCESS,
LARGE AND DELIGHTED AUDIENCES!
THF SECOND LECTURE
Viii be given
THURSDAY EVENING. JANUARY l1rH AT g.
Subject
CHRISTIAN ROME: ST. PETERS CHURCH.
The history of Church Architecture and of 81. Peters
Catntl will he given connection with illustrated
de cript1f of TIE great Vatice. Bsstcs TIE beautiful
accurate Sie.eOfficcH Iier~s change the shadowy
eGfce i'll the earers Imagination into the glorious
Its.
Single. IS Ge1ts. At Metzerctts Music Store. Single
Admission. 20 eents. ja10-2t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

CLARK MILLS DYING.-Clark Mills, the sculptor.
is sinking very rapidly, and Is not expected to live
throughout the day. Mr.. Milts has been confined
to his house but a short time. In addition to the
weakness arising from Old age, he was troubled
with a complication OF disorders that gave his
physicians but little hope. During the past few
days he has been sinking rapidly.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

RENEFiT OF Bud EAGLESTON'S WIDOW.
PATIEN nee!
By
WASHINGTON CPEBATIC ASSOCIATION
TWO PERFORMANCES
indy Eye-iiIs January IL, and Saturday Matinee,
january 13 1888,
IJScDIN HAIL
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

r-R MISS ALICE CAIN iFOR MANY YEARS
WITH E. G. DAVIS. ESQ.,
respectfully advises her friends that abe can be found
tne Dry Goods House Of samuel Ker. $50 7th street
noanwest where abe win be pleased to furnish them
VAN reliable goods ut lowest prices. d2l
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

~ EVERY REGISTERED DRUG CLERK IN
tS the District is requested to attend the first
la meeting of the REGISTERED DRUG CLERKS
A4.SSQCIAIION, in the College Room. Colonizaton loz
Building, FRIDAY EVENING, January ~, 1883, at
d m. s. f. MAHAN. Cor Secretary, It.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

THE o. S. MONITOR MIANroNoAAH, now at the
washington navy yard, will make trial trip
down the river on Saturday. She will have on
board the members OF the naval and appropria-
tfon committees OF both Houses, who have been
Invited to witness the behavior OF the vessel.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11
JAS. Z. FITCH. RoBT G. Fox. GEO. w. BROWN
~ FITCH. FOX l. BROWN,
EsTABLIsHED 1866.
REAL ESTATE AND LOAN BROKERS.
OFFIcE-1437 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE
Opposite q. 8. Treasury

All properties placed in hands for sale are inserted
without charge in our Real Estate Advertiser frst
issued In 1861
special attention given to the management Of estates
and OF properties belonging to residents. Also to
the renting Of Houses and collection Of Rents at mod
crate rates. and without charge for paying taxes
mifting rents and attending to repairs to which per-
sonal attention Is given.
houses always on hand for rent, ranging from s. to
$oO per month. and faithful attention given to the dis
posa by lease or sale. Of the smallest property plsced
In our hands.
Loans on real estate security made with care, and
annual interest collected and remittsd without
charge. d16.Im
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

AMONG THE CALLERS at the White House to-day
were Senators voorhees,, Hampton, Rollins, Blair
and Brown, and Representatives Bowman, Camp.
Hammond. Townsend Brown, HiScOck, Rice (OhiO),
Smith (N.Y) and Crowley
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

NhNND NVNEERT.
The second in the Winter Course unde- the direction
OF br Blsch =, vii be the CONCiHr q TION
Al CiiU H. FRIDAY EVENING, Januarr II. Ihe
Ir0r3m VIII tie most attractive keserved seats
~ lad ING the four cuIun, concerts ST. 1T MeZero ts
SiTlre e. Emission, IS cts. 9.4t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-01-11

COMING NOMINAT1oNs.-It Is expected that a
judge for the southern u s District Of Ohio, col
lector of internal revenue for the Cincinnati dis
trict, and collector of internal revenue for the
4th district OF Georgia will be nominated by the
President In few days The first-named Office
will probably be filled this week. 1t app to tie
generally conceded that ex-Goy. Tom Young, OF
Ohio.wll be appointed collector at Cincinnati, ,and
1t seems to De equally certain that j. C. Wimberly
will succeed Mr.. Peasants as collector OF internal
revenue at Atlanta, Ga.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1883-07-20
A Postmaster Assassinated.
Dies MONIES, Ia, July L

LIES MOlNES, lu.S july 1Ss
Tuesday evening, as L. L. Clingan, the
Postmaster at Polk City, was closing his
store, two unknown men came to the door,
and said: "Good evening"" drew revolyers
and one of them fired at Clingan. The ball
struck him in the breast, passed through
the body and lodged on the shelly
ing. Clingan fell dead instantly.
The villains Immediately fed, making no
attempt to enter the store. There is no clew
to the perpetrators. Two strangers were
seen short time before it occurred, by per-
sons going home from the Odd Fellows
Lodge. 1t being quite dark, no accurate de-
scription can be given of the murderers.
DIR. d. G. Hanger, who was standing be-
side. Clingan, probably escaped similar fate
by quickly dropping behind the counter.
Over thirty murders have been committed
in this county in fifteen years, and but one
murderer has been hanged and very few
convicted.
The whole county adjacent to Polk City
was aroused, and squads of men on horse
back spent the night securing that whole
region. There is a report that the pur-
suers are close on the track of the murder
ers, two horses that they had stolen and
ridden nearly to death having been found
abandoned, and two more horses stolen
there.
1t is generally supposed that this is the
second chapter of the mysterious murder of
Stubs, the Mayor of the place, last year,
who was shot dead by masked men, who
entered his bedroom. Clingan and he were
great friends, and Clingan has been taking
an active part in ferreting out his murder
erS
The entire population is wrought upto a
remarkably high pitch of excitement. Every
man is armed. There are scouts out on
horseback armed with shot-guns. The sub
stantial rifle and the respectable army mus
ket-everything that has any shooting ca
pacity-haye been drafted into service. In
the towns of Sheldahl and Polk City not a
saddle-horse or conveyance of any kind
could be procured. Everything was out.
Work on the farms is suspended for the
more exhilarating business of man-hunting.
There can be no doubt of the victims fate
when caught. The excited populace make
no effort to conceal their intentions. They
will bring them to Polk City and hang them
to a tree which oyershadoWs the store
where Clingan was shot down.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1883-07-20
The Money Order System.

WASHINGTON, July A.
DR.. Mcdonald, Superintendent Of the
Money Order System of the Post-office De-
viding for "postal notes" of SIS and under
will go into effect September3 The reduction
in fees to be charged the public for domestic
money orders went into effect July 2, and
single domestic money-order may now be
issued for any amount from cent to 500,
instead of $50, as the limit has been hither-
to. For orders not exceeding $40 a fee of
cents will be charged. This fee is 2 or
cents less than the actual cost to the
Government, but it makes up the loss from
the increased fees charged for transmitting
larger sums of money. As a matter of fact,
it costs the Government the same to trans
nit an order for ten dollars as it does one
for one hundred dollars, the clerical work
being the same, but by the larger fee on
larger orders the loss on the smaller ones is
made up, the fee on an order for one hum
bred dollars being forty-fVe cents.
The fees upon international money-Orders
remain unchanged. The question of in
creasing the maximum limit Of single in
ternational money-order to 500 is to be
considered by the Post-office officials, though
additional legislation on the part of Congress
will be necessary to carry out this object.
The money-order system is developing
rapidly, and growing in public esteem, as
a safe means for the transmission of money.
Last year the average loss was one out Of
175, 900 orders issued. The loss, however,
does not fall upon the public, unless the
payer OF payee is at fault, but ia collected
BY the Government from the official who IL
to blame. agd made good to the loser,
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1883-07-20
Death Of "General Tom Thumbs"
MIDDLEBoRo, Mass, July

MTDDLEBoRo, Mass, July Is.
General Tom Thumb died of apoplexy
Sunday morning. He had been slightly in
disposed for several days, but no serious re-
suits were anticipated. He leaves a widow,
who had been on the stage with him since
1868. He was forty-six years ofage. His
correct name was Charles Stratton, and he
came to the notice Of P. T. Bar
mum in November, 1842, and the show
man describes him as being under two
feet high, weighing less than sixteen pounds,
beautifully formed; blonde, with ruddy
cheeks and mirthful eyes. Barnum intro
duced Stratton to the public on December
s, 1912, by the name that afterward pre-
coded him around the world-General Tom
Thumb. He paid the little midget So a
week, with expenses for himself and his
mother for four weeks. Then he was re-
engaged for twelve months at 81
week, but long before this term
expired Mr.. Barnum paid him
$25 week. In January, 1916, Tom
Thumb, now getting fifty dollars week
and expenses, set sail with Barnum for
Europe in the Yorkshire, sailing ship. The
little General proved a decided hit in Err
gland, France and Germany, and the state
ment never afterward omitted from the
show bills, that he was exhibited "befoTe
crowned heads'' was literally true. In the
autumn, Tom Thumb returned with his
manager, who was then the proprietor of
the museum that bore his name, and
early the next year the mite returned again
to Europe. When, three months later, he
again came back to America, his value as
a curiosity had grown greater than before
Barnum took in S5,5049 81 in twelve days
with him in Philadelphia, and S976.9S in
one day in Providence.
In 1857 Barnnm took Tom Thumb
and Cordelia Howard, a child who was
famous as Little Eva in fUncle Toms
Cabin" to Europe, and in 1862 he engaged
Layinia and Minnie Warren, two tiny sis
tiers, to the former of whom Tom Thumb
lost his heart at the showman's home in
Bridgeport. At the old museum, where the
Herald building now stands, the receipts
principally because of the presence of
the noted little man and the WaTens)
were frequently $4,000 a day. The
fact that Tom Thumb and Lavinia
Warren were to be married re-
doubled the popular interest in them, and
Banum offered them $4,000 to postpone
the wedding month. This was indignant
ly refused. The Snowman resisted the
temptation to have their wedding viewed by
the public at SO much seat, though he said
he could have made $25, 600 by exhibiting
the ceremony in the Academy of Music.
They were married in Grace Church, and
held a reception afterward in tb~ Metropoli-
tan Hotel. This was in 1862
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1883-07-20
Three Men Burned to Death.
ST. PAUL. Mimi. July Is.

ST. PAUL, Mimi, July 10.
A special from Cokato, Mimi, states that
at two o'clock Saturday morning fire was
discovered in the hotel Office. There were
about twenty hotel laborers and other guests
in the building. Three railroad men were
burned to death. Another guest had his
leg broken by jumping from a window
The bodies of the burned men we're s.
charred that the three only weighed sixty
pounds. Two were identified as Shepard
and Willingham, laborers. Three-fourths
of the town was burned, principally the
business portion. The loss is 100000.
In the boarding-ho where the three
section men-W illingham, Kelly and Shep-
ard-burned to death the scene at the time
of the burning was described by men who
escaped as awful. The first alarm was Civ
en- by a young man who shouted fire on the
outside as Justify as his lungs would let him.
All but the three who were burned got up at
once and rushed downstairs pell-mell. The
doors would not open, or they could not
find them, in the black smoke, and the
flames were feeding on their scantily-
clad bodies before they succeeded in
effecting an exit which they finally did by
bursting hole through the side of the
house. Several of them were serioesly
burned, and none had even decent modi-
cum of clothes. Three of the worst
scorched at once made their way to one Of tl6
holes, and there were instrumental IN saw
Ing Ten Of the occupants from neTg fafes
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1883-07-20
NEWS OF TIE WEEK.
BY TELEGRAPH AND MAIL.
From Washingtons

The Treasury Department purchased
100000 ounces of silver ON the 18th for de-
livery at the Philadelphia, New Orleans
and San Francisco mints.
DOMESTIC money-orders for any amount
from one cent to one hundred dollars can
now be obtained The international sys-
tenn is being extended throughout the civil
lied nations.
1T is announced that a surveying party,
acting under the authority of the United
States and Mexico, is about to resurvey
the boundary line between the two Re-
publics.
SECRETARY TELLER, in a recent letter to
the Commissioner of the General Land
Office, says the indemnity lands of the
Northern Pacific Railway must not be
closed to settlement any longer than nec-
essary to enable the company to make its
selection of lands in lieu of those lost with
in the granted limits, and directs the Com
missioner to notify the company that all
selections in Wisconsin and Minnesota
must be made within three months, when
the orders withdrawing the indemnity
lands will be revoked, and lands opened
to settlement. The company, in selecting,
will not be permitted to take the best land
and leave the poorest.
In the United States and Canada there
were 1877 business failures during the seven
days ended on the 18th, against 1873 the
previous seven days, distributed as fol-
lows: New England States, 10; Western,
~; Middle, 10; Southern, 28; Pacific States
and Territories, II; New York City, Z;
Canada, 80.
The number of postmasters commissioned
during the first six months of the present
year averaged 1,160 per month, a large in
crease over any previous year.
DURING the week ended on the 14th the
issue of standard silver dollars was $221,-
400; for the corresponding period of last
year, $1S5,000.
AT twenty-five leading clearing houses
in the United States the exchanges for the
week ended on the 18th were 1926, AL, 720,
against 1852, 1886, 228 the week previous, in
dicating an increase in general trade
throughout the country.
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1883-07-20
LATER.

GOVERNOR SHERMAN, Republican candi.
date for Governor of Iowa, and L. G.
Kline, Democratic candidate, have ar
ranged for a series of joint debates, to
take place during August and September.
The acting American Consul at Monte
rey, Mex, was attacked by a mob of
greasers recently and nearly beaten to
death.
Two BOYS, aged thirteen and fifteen, sons
of Mr.. Lord, of River du Loup, Canada,
AMI a sixteen-year-old son of Mrs. Mar
chand, were drowned on the 18th while
bathing. Mrs. Marchand's husband and
two of her sons had been burned to death
a short time ago.
TEN stores at Oxford, Ala, were totally
destroyed by fire a few days ago.
IMMIGRATION statistics show that the ar
rivals in this country for the first half of
1888 were 592,324 against 770,422 during
the same time last year.
DURING a severe storm on the 18th a
church at Warrensburg, ILL.,, was blown
down, and several cattle were killed by
lightning.
JOHN RoTTLER and Nicholas Roeder,
while drilling for blast at st. Louis on
the 18th, were buried under a mass of clay
which became detached from a bluff about
forty feet above them, and were crushed to
death.
Two BROTHERS. named Barnard, in jail
at Vernon, La, for murder, were released
on the night of the 18th by crowd of
armed men.
Two YOUNG girls, Hattie Arlzell and Bes-
sic Morley, We're drowned while bathing at
Port Stanley, Ont, on the 18th.
SAMUEL LOCKER, clerk in the Adams
Express Office, in Cincinnati, was arrested
on the 18th for the theft of diamonds left
in the Office for shipment.
EIGHT boilers of the anthracite furnaces
ov'ned by the Philadelphia & Reading
Company, at Allentown, Pa, exploded on
the 18th. One man was killed, one fatally
wounded, two seriously hurt, and several
slightly injured. The furnace was COM
pletely destroyed.
WILLIAM REDMOND, a Parnellite, was
elected member of Parliament for the
borough of Wexford, Ireland, on the 18th.
As the O'Connor Don drove through the
streets he was pelted with stones, and in
the skirmish which followed thirty police
men were wounded.
CHOLERA was spreading generally
throughout Egypt on tde 18th. Twelve
deaths occurred at Cairo, forty-two at
Menzaleh, twenty-eight at Damietta.
thirty at Mansoura and fifteen at
Samanoud. At Alexandria there was
some doubt of the epidemic being true
Asiatic cholera, and it was feared that
hundreds were being killed. by wrong
treatment, The European Commission
would investigate tha matsey,
The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1883-07-20

The inexperienced person who con-
ceives a steel ship or steel yacht to be
a shiny monster, with the bright polished
surface of knife-blade or pair of
scissors, is usually wrong. Ship-build-
ers' steel is, for the most part, dull
gray, lusterless substance, easily con-
founded with common iron. But the
fast English cutter-yacht Vanduara has
been sand-papered and emeried until her
sides shine like silver. She has also been
provided with electric batteries, which
diffuse a constant current all over her,
so as to prevent the adhesion and
growth of barnacles and marine-grasses.