Daily globe., 1883-08-09
States and
Territories,


washington. S,ooh 4to,o4L 3Z
Wisconsin .............. 50 w
Wyoming. g............... 81 5,6fS II
In the report of R. W. Phipps, ESQ, of
Toronto on 1.-The necessity of preserving
and replanting forests" find the follow
ing sketch of forests and their manage
ment in other countries, to which L call
your attention as one of the most compre
hensive statements we have on this sub
ject. His sketch is taken from an exten-
sive report of Captain Walker, gentle
man who had passed nine months on the
continent by direction of the English
government for that purpose.
In Hanover there are 100000 acres
of forest under government or state
management, belonging to the church and
to municipalities. The care and working
of these forests costs about $650,000 annu-
ally. The receipts, therefore, are $780,
coo and the profit is about $85O,00O. The
officers in charge are a first director, an
over-forest master, twenty forest masters,
112 over-foresters having charge of the
districts of 100000 or 100000 acres. A
systematic plan for the management
of the forests is adopted. After forest
trees, by thinning, planting, etc, had
|
system of reproduction forms great part
of the German method. It is as follows;
The rotation and periods are fixed in
the working plan. For beech it is in Han
over 123 years, divided into six periods of
twenty years each, that is to say, when the
forest has been brought into order there
should be nearly equal acres under crop OF
treesin each of the six periods, from one
yearto twenty, from twenty 20 forty and
so Oh. Where a block arrives in the
last period telling is commenced by what
is called preparatory clearing, followed
by Clearing for light" in the first year
after seed has fallen, with the object hrsi
OF preparing the ground for the seed
second, allowing it to germinate; third,
affording light to the young seedlings
If there is good seed year and sufficient
rain the ground should be covered witt
seedlings in two or three years after the
first clearing; but it is better
generally to wait for second year and aie
natare by hand-sawing, transplantine
from patches of many to the barren spots
and turning up the turf to give the seeds
better chance Of terminating.
When the ground is we'll covered, ther
old trees are felled and carefully removed
so as to DO as little damage as possible Il
the new crop, and the block mmence
life, so to speak, nothing furser beine
, done till the first thinning. The Time allow
ed between the first and final clearing
is from eight to fifteen years. In these
, forests can be seen all She periods o
growth-nurseries and schools for seed
lings.
| In Russia there are 2O,OOO,OO0 of acres o
forests, 100000 of which are private
, and the remainder with which we hav'
, more to do, state, commercial and ecciesl-
/ astical. OF these the income is $14. .O00, ,O0
!, and the expenses 81, sos. 900, leaving S6.
| 100000 clear. The forests IN Prussia, a
in Hanover. form part of the finance de
partment, and are presided over by al
/ overland forest Rmaster; and ministeria
director, ordered by revenue counoello
and joint ministerial director and numer
Gus council OF board. There are two fores
/ academies, one near Berlin and one II
) Hsnover. In some provinces the Prussi al
) government has certain rights concerning
I the management. In Saxony the stat
8 forests are nearly 100000 acres, worked a
an expense of S5OO,000 receiving Sl,75O
: 600, having clear rental of $500 pc
q acre. The expenditure is planting, draining
i road improvement of inferior wood, filling
!. transport, killing insects, etc. About 500
!, are planted yearly, at an average cost o
: 81. so per acre. The official establish
! ment resembles that of Hanover. There
: forest academy at Therandt, with
= separate staff of professors.
8 In Bavaria the state forests scover J.
Q GOO, 900 ao es. They return, after Payini
= all expenses, about $3.50 per acre. Abou
10000 acres are planted or sown annually
f taking 35,000,000 plants and l,OOO0O
0 pounds of seed. Persons found guilty of
breach of forest rules have been punishe
q by enforced labor in the woods. Privat
J. forest rights are being bought up by th
q government. The system Of managemer
o is much the same as that previously dt
q scribed.
o In Austria She state forests have bee
Is largely sold to meet state necessities, bI
10 there will remain nearly 100000 prt
If ductive acres, which yield, however, aftt
s. expenses are paid, little over Is cents Pc
: acre. The existing establishments
r forestry are not uniform, and there al
s about 200 employees, of whom twenty-tw
10 are forest masters.
le In the Grand Duchy of Baden there Is
Of most interesting private forest belongin
Of to the Prince of Forestenburg. In ii
le Black Forest there are about 72,O00 acre
IS, In charge of eighteen foresters and owe
,h foresters. who have many subordinates.
so DR.. Loring then referred to the propt
20 age for cutting trees, showing how gre;
IN loss was incurred by allowing them
- @nk.