davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

THE Republican politicians are rap
idly returning to first principles and
fariously Haunting the bloody shirt.
FOUR Republicans informed us last
Tuesday evening that they would vote
the straight Democratic ticket this fall.
Il Western Reserve Democrat.
THE sympathies of all classes, ex-
cept the monopolists, are with the
striking operators.
THE Virginia Democratic Conven-
ton adopted the tariff plank of our
Ohio platform. The Ohio idea is
spreading.
The Star route; Jay Gould, Jay
Hubbell leaders are charging the DEM
oerats of OHIO with using money in
politics. Now isn't that funny?
HowGATE, who stole $35O,OOO from
the Government and quietly skipped
Quits one of the Republican rascals
whom the party has not punished.
IT is funny to see Republican papers
copying articles from the New York
Evening Post and claiming it as a
Democratic journal, merely because it
entertains some sensible views on the
tariff question.
DORSEY is undoubtedly bad man
and was guilty of swindling the Gov
hIlt h4 4l L
worthy to receive the congratulations
of Charles Foster over his escape of
the punishment of his crimes.
The colored people throughout the
country generally observe today, Aug.
lst, in commemration of the emanci-
patton of slavery in the West Indies,
and in honor of Lincoln's emancipa.
tion proclamation.
THE only internal revenue taxes now
remaining are those on spirits, malt
liquors, cigars, cigarettes, snuff and
tobacco, and the special taxes on man
ufaeturers of and dealers in those arti-
eies. The only Government stamps
now used are postage stamps.
THE Republicans are terribly shock
ed because, as they aliege, HoadIy. in
the Constitutional Convention, oppos-
ed the recognition Of God in the Con
stitution. Judge Hoadly probably
thought that it was useless to recog-
mise Supreme Being in an instru-
ment to which the "party of great
moral ideas" paid no respect, and
while it's leaders are generally engaged
in doing service for the other fellow.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

At the recent convention of Colored
Editors in st. Louis, the following
manly and sensible resolution was
adopted:
81 RESOLVED, That it is detrimental to
the best interests of the negro race and
repugnant to ideal political manhood,
to be made the tool of any existing po-
litical party or to be tied to any politi-
cal kite; and pledging the Colored
Press Association to henceforward in
huence, under all circumstances, the
colored voters of the country to exer-
else their right of suffrage untrammel-
ed by party claims, and to support
measures and principles as they con-
eeive them to be for the best interests
Of the country and the race.u
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

THE Ward Iron Company. doing
business at Niles and New sPhiladel-
phia, it is reported have made an
assignment on Thursday. Liabilities
heavy. at the same time A. q. Bent
ley g. Co., doing u banking business at
Miles, and holding about SAC, 900 of the
Iron Company's Checks assigned.
Much excitement exists at Miles,
youngstown, Warren and other towns
on account of the failure. ID, ...,.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

FORAKER will not do. In the tariff
part of his speech at Hamilton, which
was the chief part, he gave instances
of the reduction of the prices of home
manufactured articles in consequence
of the tariff. If the tariff works that
way, protection does not protect Re-
duced prices of home manufactures
means reduced wages. The professed
object of protection is to raise wages,
by raising prices. If it reduces prices
it must reduce wages. Is Foraker
bloody British bought free trader p
News Journal.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

y, FOSTER has finally found father
for his falsehood about Hoadley's pay
ing $4,000 for his nomination, and
such a daddy. But Jayhawker" says
Hoadley didn't tell him any such
thing and he didn't tell it to Foster
Besides he accuses Foster with be-
trayal of confidence. A sweet scented
pair, truly.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

THE Democracy .want'a tariff for
revenue so adjusted as to promote the
interests of industries and labor with
out creating or fostering monopolies.
The Republicans say they don't know
what we mean, and we are inclined TO
belieye them, for they have never
manifested any disposition for any
other kind of tIriff bat to build up
and foster monopolies, with revenue as
a mere incident
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
Found G uiity.

On the 26th inst. the jury in the case
of ex-Treasarer Polk, of Tennessee,
brought in verdict of guilty of em-
bezzlement, and fixing the penalty at
imprisonment in the penitentiafy for
twenty years, and imposing fine to
the full amount of his embezzlement,
1886. .54O,l0 A motion for new trial
was entered. That's the. way the DEM
Dcrats punish their raseals. ~ ''as
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
brady Confirms DOrseY's state.
Ments

From the Brooklyn Eagle.
"No part of the statement published
this morning in the Sun emanated
from me-" said the General, but it is
true and we'll put together. was very
reluctant to enter into the business of
raising money from the star route men
for the purpose of carrying Indiana.
Ihad no faith in Gen. Garfield, because
he had already fooled me once. L was
doing my best to make up good star
route service for the benefit of the peo-
pie of the far West, and not for the
benefit of myself or Dorsey or anybody
else. The raising Of the SAC, 600 cam
paign money could not have been the
result of any conspiracy between Dor
sey and myself, for at that time we
were on unfriendly terms. He wanted
to have Dewitt Clinton Wheeler put
into my place, but he finally subsidized,
and [ raised the money and we spent
it. promised to take care of Delaware
and the adjoining counties in Indiana,
because Delaware is my native place,
and l wanted to make Delaware the
banner county of the State. We had
really as much of fight there in No
vember as in October, because it was
necessary, to follow up the victory.
Where a two dollar bill sufficed in the
former month, five dollar bill had to
be expended in October, and as Dorsey
says, they were crisp and new, and
seemed like shower from heaven to
our people"
"How did you come to fall out with
Dorsey?"
ST didn't fall out with him. think
the Dorsey routes were ia in number,
and [ found that some of them were
ln
expended in their support should be
spent in some other direction, and that
made Dorsey angry. We are friends
now, but he was not my friend then"
How do you know that Garfield
approved of the raising of the 10000
which Dorsey says eou received?h
Dorsey went to Gen. Arthur, and
he was willing to give written author
| ity for the collection of the money,
but the authority should come from
Garfield. This was communicated 10
Garfield, who thereupon wrote the Jay
| Hubbell letter. l didn' think I need
Ell any better authority, and I raised
the money at once. AS matter of
personal pride, | spent S., 900 out of my
own pocket in Delaware county"
"Well how had Garfield fooled yOu?"
When Key was Postmaster Gener-
al ana 1yher his Assistant, Garfield
promised me his influence with the
Committee onAppropriations, of which
| he had been made chairman, to have
extra appropriations made. He made
| this promise to Tyner and ex Cover
! nor Shepherd and myself, declaring
that he would not only vote for the
appropriations, but defend them in the
House. He found it convenient, how
ever, to go to Hiram college to deliver
lecture, and went no further in the
direction of keeping his promise than
pairing off. He fooled me once, and I
didn't trust him."
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
The Pennsylvania Plan.

luo NOV 1oIh Ouht
There is an extraordinary resolution
in the platform of the Pennsylvania
Republicans:
"That any surplus in the public
Treasury arising from redundant
revenue should, after paying the ma
tional debt as fast as it's condition per-
mits, be distributed from time to time
to the several StateA upon the basis of
population, to relieve them from the
burdens of local taxation and provide
means for the education of their peo-
ple.p
The platform calls for an economical
administration of the affairs of the
it contains not one
word in favor of an economical admin
istratisn of the affairs of the nation. It
calls for the abolition of all taxes not
required for the necessities of the State
Government; it says nothing about
abolishing the taxes not required for
necessities of the United States Gov
ernment. 1t declares that fraud and
waste must be stopped at Harrisburg
it is silent about fraud and waste at
Washington.
That is why we say that the platform
Is dishonest,
Mr.. Wharton Bakers scheme for
dlspOslDg OF the surplus revenue OF tne
United States Government, over and
above what may be wasted by the votes
of jobbing Congressman and stolen by
rascals in office, is to distribute it
among the States, to be applied to State
expenses. Of this plan, the leading
Republican newspaper in Philadelphia
says: 1--WE hope to see it next year
transformed into national Republican
idea"
IfCongress can constitutionally levy
taxes to provide for any part of the
State expenses or to relieve any part
of " the burdens of local taxation" it
can levy taxes to provide for all the
States. This would be about equal to
the scheme Horace Greeley used to
laugh at, of paying all taxes out of the
public treasury.
That is why we say the platform is
craZV
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

WHAT the United states authorities
ought to have done, as soon as it was
known that brokers, bank sharks and
mean souled bosses would swell their
pockets by shave of fifteen per cent.
on every trade dollar held by poor peo-
pie, was to issue an order for each post
office to redeem its own bogus coin at
par, in honest money, and post con-
spicuOus placards to that effect. If it
was matter of back pay for Congress-
men it would be promptly remedied.-
Tabor star. ..
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

THE Charlotte (Mich.) Republican
says, For twenty long years prohi-
bition was tried in Michigan. And
for twenty long years the State was
cursed by free rum as a result. AS a
measure OF relief from the unlicensed
and unrestrained whisky traffic, public
sentiment finally demanded a repeal
of the impracticable law, and the pres
ent tax was substituted. ~
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

THE United States House of Repre-
sentatives that meets in December
next, will be composed of 1923 MEM
bers, divided politically as follows:
Democrats, 1911; Republicans, l1e ;
Readjusters, 6 Greenbackers, 2; In
dependents, 5. The Democrats have
a majority of .seventy-two over the
Republicans, and fifty-nine over the
combined opposition.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
CHINA was walled in for over a M

CHINA was walled in for over 900
years against the trade of the " outside
barbarians,'' and her manufacturers
enjoyed the monopoly of "home
market" Yet unskilled labor received
the liberal compensation of about six
cents a day, and skilled labor nearly
double that amount. And that is what
protection does for the working man
in China.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

To AINTAIN navy Of twenty-thr
ships the government is compelled to
keep on its pay-rolls no less than l8, $50
people. TO pay these and to keep the
twenty-three ships atioat. the appro-
priation this year was, lin round figures,
$l5, 100000. Most people will agree
that this is an enormous sum to pay
for such puny results, and that 1t is
time to put on the brakes,
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

THE strikes among laboring men so
frequently, occurring throughout the
country are among the strongest proofs
that the Republican tariff legislation
is in their interest! Is it not evident
that the tribute money wrung from the
people by the tariff laws goes solely to
enrich the monopolists?
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

PHE Republican papers are exceed
ingly anxious to have Democrats i'm
pressed with the fact that Judge Hoad-
iy left the Republican party only eight
or ten years ago. Well, we don't know
of Democrat who doesn,t think that
in so doing: the Judge did very sens
ible thing, and that while the lamp
holds out to burn, other sinners should
refIIro ''- "f-.' 7'-
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

In England, where trade is the
freest, much better wages are paid
than in any other country in Europe,
while in Germany and Belgium where
they now have and for long time
have had the highest tariff in Europe,
laborers receive the lowest wages. So,
it would seem that protection does not
protect. and the wages of the working
men are not dependent upon the tariff
duties imposed upon imports.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

CHRISTIAN ENGLE, of Put-in-Bay
sixty-nine years of age, will vote his
first Democratic ticket this Fall. He
has always voted the Republican tick
ct heretofore, There are large num-
Der of Republicans on the Islands who
viii vote our ticket this FaH.-[F Ere.
mont Messenger.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
One Auditor,
One Treasurer,

The Committee request the Democratic elect
ors of the several townships to meet in caucus.
10 select delegates to this Convention. as early
rs the evening OF August 23rd CThursday).
rt l. T. SIDDALL. Chairman.
Z. p. GOODMAN, Secretary.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
WAIT BROTHERS.
TESTIMONIALS.

TESTIMONIALS.
WAIT, DEWEY & Co.-Gentlemcn:
The Watch bought OF you three years ago is
the best time keeper | ever carried For eight
cen months the variation has not exceeded IS
seconds by Pittsburg observatory time.
HENRY KING
WAIT BROTHERS-Gentlemen:
The Rockford Watch No. 1887 purch ased of
you four years ago, has given me excellent sat
isfaction not having varied TO exceed Is seconds
in four months. j. b. PALMER.
WAIT BROTHERS Gentlemen:
The Rockford Watch Stem Winding Move
mcnt, No. ,272, purchased of you in June last
has given me perfect satisfaction, not having
varied to exceed 10 seconds per month
+. e. PERKWELL
WAIT TBROTHERS-Gentlcmcn:
Hav Q carried the Is Jewel Rockford W atch
with perfect tisfaction, the variation having
been less than two minutes for the past six
months. j. Il. CHAPMAN.
in Rockford W atches we can sell You time
keeper for $50 that VIII not vary enc minute
per month. In amy style OF grade of w atch We
will make you prices that will be sure to please
you.
WAIT BROTHERS.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
DEMOCRATIC ..
COUNTY CONVENTION,

The Democrats Of Portage County are request
ed to meet in Convention at Citizens Hall. Ra-
VIENNA, on -.-E
Saturday, August e5th, 1888,
Mt ELEVEN O'CLOCK, for the purpose of putting
IN nomination candidates for the following Of
Hces
One Representative to the General Assembly.
One Auditor,
One Treasurer,
One Prosecutor.
One Commissioner. ~ 'ss, g.. -
One InHrmary Director (short term). 80
o. One Infirmary Director (full term. iif
The townships are entitled to enc delegate for
each twenty-five votes cast for J. w. Newman
1or Secretary of State, and enc for each fraction
over thirteen votes. Under this apportionment
she several townships will be entitled to the
cnIlaxEina ranresan tatinn:
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02

A GEORGIA paper tells of the expe-
dent of Il trade for furnishing whisky
in local option settlements. He bought
q lot of cocoanuts, and, after drawing
eff the milk, filled them up with the
coveted liquor. Soon after minister
called to buy cecoanut. The trader
was in despair, but managed to tell the
gentleman of the cloth that the nuts
were unsound. The minister seemed
anxious to procure one, and told the
merchant that if they had milk in
them they were all right, and shaking
one, was convinced of their soundness.
The merchant could do nothing more,
and sold him one, hoping to get out of
the scrape in some way. In about half
an hour after the minister left, the
merchant received a note from him,
saying, "Send me six more cocoanuts
exactly like the one [ bought of you"
DID Judge Foraker leave Wesleyan
University, ,at Delaware, because col
ored student was admitted to the ri.
erian spring? A Columbus colored
man prOpounds the InterrOgatory, and
it is: entitled to an answer,-fN News
Journal.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1883-08-02
RAvExNA. THURSDAY. AUG. 2, 1888,
The Press for $3.50 q Year,
ASe GdUGnce.
DEMOCRATIC STATE TICKET

FOR GOVERNOR,
GEORGE HOADLY, of Hamilton.
FOR LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR,
JOHN g, WARWICK, of Stark.
JUDGE OF SUPREME coURT-sHoRT TERM.
n. FOLLETT, OF Washington. A.
JUDFR OF SUPREME CoURT-LoNG TERM,
SELWYN n. OWEN. of Williams.
FOR CLERK OF SUPREME COURT.
J,w. .CRUIKSHANK, OF Miami.
FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL,
JAMES LAWRENCE, of Cuyahoga,
FOR AUDITOR OF STATE, s..-f.ss
EMIL KIESw EI1ER, of Franklin,
FOR TREASURER OF STATE,
PETER BRADY, of Samdusky.
FOR SCHOOL COMMISSIONER,
SEA-, LEO ID. BROWN, of Butler. ..
FOR BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS,
JOHN z. MARTIN, of Greene,
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1883-12-28
GRACIAS.

Las debemos v muy expresIvas
al Sr Rodriguez Fuentes. que, con
un valioso presente propio de sn
industria, nos ha dedicado una
totografia, sacada en- la Ciudad
de Ponce, representando un arco
lie triunfo, construido con cajas
de tabacos, admirablemente com
binadas, y dedicado al dltimo GER
tamen del trabajo que tuvo lugar
en- dicha Ciudad, con motive de
la reciente Exposition. Ell arco,
que, antes de ser conducido a su
destino, tuvieramos ocasion de
admirar aqui, era de grandes di-
mensiones ; contenia por sas fren
ties y a los lados, inscripciones
muy apropiadas al case.
Tenemos, ples, un motive mas
para saludar cordialmente al dig
no Jefe de aluella factoria indus
trial, y ademas lie enviamos nues
tro mas cordial parabien, por su
entusiasmo en- todo 10 referense d
un ramo tan importante como es
aqui la industria tabaquera, ne
yacilando en- asegurar que pol
clio merece aquel ..iin.auaolemen-
te bien del Pa. que no podra
yer en- hombres, como
el Sr. Rodriguez Fuentesy a sus
verdaderos amigos.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1883-12-28
JU; rICIA.

Debemos er justicia. como
otras yeces, .Nhemos hecho, d
esta culta / tcion. Salyo al
gano que OF ncldente, lnevlta-
Bile en- noch como la tradicio-
nalmeate liza la Bnena, ningdn
suceso ha o, lido en- la mencio-
NADIA noche e tendiese d alte-
raj el orden poner en- grave
aprieto al ve lario y a las au-
toridades.
Seglin Sc ! comunica, a ma
die ha tenidc ue reducir d pri-
sion la poll y este dato elo-
cuente, que gusto consigna-
mos, d la ve ,ue revela ell cello
con que ha pl dido aquella, evi-
tando la co ion de toda clase
de excesos, ara altamente q.
nuestra dign 'ciedad.
va 10 hem licho. CadeGcual
ha celebrado fausta eonmemo-
raci6n de la ,ivid4d de Jesd,
Dios y HON segin sus me-
dos, su gust sus circunstan-
cias. Unos a casa del Senor,
otros en- el into pacitico del
hogar, aque en- la Gale, otros
entresand' las delectaciones
de Lucul' IN medic de este
cuadro q 3 los amos ofrece
Il nundt no, muy peculiar
nente en-, rritorio espa1ol,
ningln sue 2 punible impor-
tancia, nins echo que pudlese
redundar c fundo descredito
de nuestra aeion, ha venldo
4 turbar la ia general, ell vi
vo regocij' encantadora ar
monfa cong smos obsequiado
el sublime rdo, ell grandioso
aeontecimie le que hace me-
moria en- e. Las nuestra Santa
Madre la Is como radiantisi-
mo albor ds egeneraci6n Lu-
mana.
Declaren con intensa sa-
tisfaccion. imoslo muy alto
para que to. mundo 10 sepa,
para que a pase inadverti-
do, para qus le al Cesar 10 que
es del Cesar nuestras autori-
dades 10 mi que 4 sns agen-
tes y q los / ntes de esta Illus
trada ciudat placemes y en-
horabuenas Iestrictamente les
corresponds ue nosotros for
mulamos &C lacer legitimo &
indiscutible.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1883-12-28
CONGRESU FENENINO NACIONAL.

Ha llegado a prevaleeer en- Pal
ma de Mallorca ei proyecto de
celebration de un Congreso na-
cional femenino, cuyas bases J
cuyo objeto conoseran nuestros
lectores por ell documerto que a
continuation insertamos expresi-
vo de aquellos detalles.
La Sra. d. Magdalena Bonet
de Rico, Presidenta de la Junta
organizadora de dicho Congreso,
es la que nos le remite con muy
atento B. L. NJ, rogandonos al
propio tempo el came de este
periodico con ell que ha de publ
,.ar la Junta.
Tenemos verdadera satifaccion
en- complacer a Ia Sra. Bonet de
Rico, y deseamos ardientemente
que ell mas feliz exito corone to-
dos los esfuerzos de la Junta or
ganizadora.
La verdadera condicion social
de la mujer problema es que tiene
aun por resolver ell presente siglo.
y en- nuestro sentir su resolution
envuelve I'M vital interes para la
bella mitad del genero humane.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1883-12-28

leer estas lineas habran colum-
brado la horrible catadura del IN
molador de los inocentes.
Vnelva 4 sus pechos IA algeria,
den rienda sue!ta 4 Ia expansion,
celebren con panderetas y parran-
das, con villancicos y buenas di-
gestiones Ia venida del Salvador
del mundo.
El Herodes que les hemos bos-
queiado es un Herodes que tiene
perdido los papeles, pero que esta
incuEablemente enfermo ESQ 81,
como aquel execrado monarca.
A gozar todo ell mundo Y d de-
cir con Miguel de los Santos AL.
varez:
iPsz los hombses, Gloria en- ias alturas
;Cantad en- vaestra iaula, criatnres.
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1883-12-28

ties de EsDafia Ell los diverses Estados
de Ia America del Sur para one aJusteD
con ellos tratados comerciales.
Agrega one SO han entablado nego-
ciaciones con los Estados- q nidos con
igual obieto, Y no duda que el resulta-
do favorecera la Importation de los
frutos de Cnha y Bnerto. Rico en- aquel
poderoso mercado.
Anuncia que en- las relaciones con Ia
Santa Sede prevalece el dnismo esprit
tn de cordialidad que anima al Gobier-
no respecto de los demas pafses.
Menciona las reformas que Sc intro-
duciran en- ell Ei6rcito y en- la Armada.
asi como en- la Administrator de JUS
ticia para conseguir ell establecimlentd
del Jurado. Z
AL hablar dc las posesiones ultrama-
rinas dice que la SUPPRESSION del castlgo
de cepo y grillete respecto de los patro-
cinados en- Cuba es una prueba de Ia
sinceridad con que Sc cumplira La Ley
de abolici6n de Ia esclavitud.
Agrega que con ell objeto de des-
arrollar la production en- las Antillas
ademas de.los tratados comerciales que
esti preparando, el Gobierno Sc ocupa
ra en- la reforma de los Aranceles dt
Aduanas.
Espera que ell presupuesto de gastos
| sera cubierto con los recursos ordina-
rios.
Anuncia que despues de que sean
votadas todas las reformas d que Sc ha
referido, ell Gobierno presentara ur
proyecto de reforma electoral, conce-
diendo por medic del sufragio nniver-
sal una representation eqaitativa to-
dos los intereses sociales; y concluyt
diciendo que con la realizaci6n de esos
trabaios habra terminslo la mission dt
las actuales Cortcs, y que, 81 ell Gobler-
no Sc viese apoyado en- las nuevas cleo
clones generates, someteria d La apro-
baci6n de las pr6ximas Cortes I'M pro
veto para revisar la Constitution"