Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-02-23
EDUCATIONAL.


cation i'm Sweden, showing the great ad- |
vance made in that interesting country
within the last fifty years. Between the
years 1920 and 1880 the need of public
establishments for young girls began to
be felt in Sweden. Previously the educa-
ton of women had preserved an exclu-
siyely private character. In 1926 mer-
chant of Gothenburg, NJ. Jonas Kjellberg,
bequeathed to that city the sum of $4,000
crOwns-about $13,5O0-in memory Of his
wife for the establishment of an institu-
ton for the higher education of women.
That institution was opened in 1885 and
is still in operation under the name of the
KjeIlberg school. In 1881 there was opened
in Stockholm through the efforts of Bishop
Wallin, school for women, which is
still in operation, though strictly a
private school. In 1859 a number of pro-
fessOrs and men of learning at Stockholm
organized a course of higher instruction
for females, and from that time the Gov
eminent of Sweden took the movement in
hand. The first normal schools for female
teachers of primary schools were opened
in Stockholm in 1860, and the normal
schools for female teachers of secondary
schools in 1861. Now there are five gov
eminent normal schools for female teach
ers of primary schools and seven for male
teachers. More than half of the teachers
/ of the primary schools are females. The
| principal object of the superior normal
/ school for female teachers is to train pri-
/ vate teachers, i. e., gOyernesses, as well
! as mistresses of higher girls schools, and
/ at present TO graduate twenty to twenty
five such teachers annually. The total
number of girls high schools in Sweden
is now between sixty and seventy. Only
one belongs to the government, namely,
the practice school attached to the supe-
riOr normal school for female teachers.
The anfeh1 expenses of a school of
about one bundled scholars in Sweden are
| from ten to twelve thousand crowns
81, 700 to SO, 240).
The directress of school receives a
salary of twelve hundred crowns year,
besides fire and lodging. In some lOcali-
ties the amount is larger, reaching two
thousand crowns ($54O). The largest
salary at present paid is five thousand
I five hundred crowns l,4S5).
uC StCOlu DdulDulcl COnldluS u very
succinct history of Prussia's great seat
of learning, the University of Bonn.
| Prussia has ten universities, and that of
| BOnn-named after the place tits situated
| is the youngest of them. In 1897 the
| original University of Bonn was dis
solved, and twenty-five years afterwards
| it rose again from its ashes. This second
| university was founded by the authority
Of Frederick William Ill. According to
Prussian general law the schools and
| universities are State institutions. The
interior organization of each university,
the rights of the academic senate and all
| questions relating to the transaction of
common business are regulated by stat
utes approved by the State. All the pro-
fessOrs and employees of the universities
are State functiOnaries. Instruction in
! the German gymnasia has always been
arranged so as to serve as a preparation
for the university. The number of
students matriculated in Bonn in
1873 was 1,063, namely: 100 in
Catholic theology, 20 in the faculty
of law, 1j4 in the faculty of medicine, 422
I IN the faculty Oh pnllOSOpng.
/ The Maternal Schools of France is
the subject of the third pamphlet, and
J gives a very interesting history of the or
/ ganizatiOn and object of these schools.
! They were originated in 117I by Oberlin.
but did not take root until 1926. In that
year a committee of charitable ladies, one
of whom was Nine. Millet, established
the first Sale d. Aisle in Paris, in place
belonging to the HOspice DIES Manages,
where they brought together eighty chill
! dren. The idea was Il fruitful one, and its
practical application needed only judi
ciOus management for its complete
success. NJ. Cochin established the first
model Sale d'Aisle, and in March,
| 1881, in acknowledgment of his labOrs
| his name was officially given to it
! by an ordinance in that year. Soon after
wards the institution was taken from the
class of charitable establishments, to
which it had belonged, and was made a
| part of the system of national educational
institutions. This was effected by the
ordinance of December %, 1887; nearly
| twenty years later, the decree of March
81, 1855, and the regulation of the 22d of
/
/ of instruction and indicated the character
/ of the method under which the schools
were to be conducted. Some idea of the
recent growth of the institution is
given by the following figures: The
number of schools of this character
| i'm 1879 was 4,446, which increased TO 1865
! in 1880. There were 7,169 direetresses or
| sub-directresses in the latter year, of
whom 5,41S belonged to religious bodies.
! The schools, which are divided into public
and private, received together 606,014
children, 49,, 533 of whom were taken into
| the public and 1873, 4S1 into the private in
/ situations. The public schools (both lay
| and sectarian) had an attendance of 5O,-
$50 paying children, and the private
/ 1854, so that 5O6,540 children were adj
mitted gratis. The character of these
| schools has changed somewhat during the
| last few years, so that changes have been
necessary in the corps of teachers and in
other respects.
The United States Commissioner of Ed
ucatiOn, Hon. John Eaton, in transmit
ting this interesting paper to the Secretary
of the Interior, says: 'The legal school
aye III luOSl vi our DuDllc SCHOOL systems
begins at the sixth year; in all our cities
very large share of child life below that
age is outside of school influences and
often destitute of the training that orderly
family life bestows. This condition is a
dangerous one for the exposed children
and ultimately for the communities in
which they live, and educators and phi
lanthr0pists are thinking much about
what should be DONE"
The census of 1880 reveals the fact that
wages in manufactures averaged that
year 1916, or So s. a week, while wages of
railroad employees averaged $466 for the
year, or IS SO a week. The whole gross
earnings Of the railroads was S5S0,0O0.
Mr.. Medill says the protected manufac-
lures, which form but a fraction of the
whole manufacturing industry, steal
from the farmers alone $500, O0O, 600 year.
From the whole people the annual leak
age of protection is at least 30 per cent.
more than the gross earnings of all the
railroads. Yet the railroads have $685.
419, 7S7 capital invested, while the manu-
facturers all together, the few that are
protected and the many that are robbed
by protection, have but 81, 100, 223, 506-a
little more than half as much.
An armed force of several hundred men