The Saline County journal. [volume] (Salina, Kan.) 1871-1893, 1883-10-18
ARCTIC EXPLORATION.

Mention all the attempts made to
explore the arctic regions, and tell
where we can find q full account Of
these expeditions
Anspsr.-No one work contains q
full account Of all the tolls and suffer
fngs, the thrilling scenes and exciting
experiences Of arctic exploration. The
books aud charts on this subject would
make q good -slzed library. AS respects
the northeast passage, they include
narratives Of the expeditions Of VIII
lOughby and Chancellor English 1881
Burroughs English, 1855, Pet and
Jaokman English. 1851, William
Barentz Dutch. l094-B6l, Henry Hud-
son English, 1908 and Dutch, 1880,
Wood dutch, 1870, Behring( Russian
HAD. ShalarOf (Russian), who with
bis crew persisted Of starvation, Wig
gans English, 1884, Billing Russian
1T8Tl, aud finally, Professor Adolf Erie
NOrdenskjOld tSWedish), who after
two other expeditions (severaily in
1875 and 1870, In 1883 succeeded in
sailing from the North Atlantic east
ward. through the Arctic Ocean and
Behring Straits, into the Pacific, thus
triumphsHtly completing the diseOv-
cry Of the northeast passage"
The search for the northwest pas
sage'i has engaged nearly two hundred
and fifty expeditions Of various ma
tiOnalItIes. Il would be useless to
enumerate themali The first attempts
were made by Sebastian Cabot En-
glish, 1885, and Martin FrobisheF
English, 1879 Captain John Davis,
afteT whom Davis Strait D. named
English, 15S5-8S); Henry Hudson.
afteF whom HudsOnis Bay Is named
English, 1910; Button English. l6l5);
and BylOt and BafIin, after the latter
OF whom Bafiinis Bay takes is name
(Eglish, 16l5-i6). Little IuOre In the
way Of discovery In this direction was
realized, although occasional attempts
were made by Jens Munk. a Danish
navigator, Fox, james, and others,
until 1878, when Ross and Parry,
under direction and support of the
British Admiralty, entered upon a
series Of expeditions extending ever
more than a decade, by which a large
addition was made 10 the knowledge
Of the geography Of this region as FIR
west as long. 10 deg. west, Ia Mel
willie Sound, and north 10 latitude -
deg. IS min and the magnetic pole
was discovered. Dease, Simpson, DIR. |
John Rae, and other explorers fol- |
lowed. Then, In 1915, came the mtm- |
Orable expedition Of Sir John Franklin |
whose party persisted TO the last |
man, bat not until they had left rec |
Ords, since recovered, 81 discoveries |
showing that Sir John, bad he been |
spared to return, was prepared 20 /
claim the honor Of having discovered |
the northwest passage. But IA these |
records were not discovered hy Me |
CllntOek's expedition (English) until |
1859, and Mcclure (Englishl. who /
went out, via Behring's Straits, In /
search Of Franklin in 1850. returned In |
1852, after having brought his ship 90 ]
Melville island. and his ships crew |
through from Behring's Straits To 1
Rafin's Bay, had already received |
the award for the discovery Of this |
long-sought passage. Besides the /
above. which are only the principal |
British expeditions, there are the /
American ones, under DR.. De Haven. |
1856; DR.. Kane. 1853 DIR. Hayes. |
1881 and Captain Hall, 1860, 1864 /
and 1870, full Of interest and resulting 4
In important geographical and seien- /
tiie discoveries the Austrian Arctic I
Expedition Of 1ST2-74, resulting in the |
discovery Of Franz Joseph Land the /
British Expedition, under Captain /
Mares, lS75-76; the Jeanette Expe- 1
ditiOn OF Is79-SO, which resulted IN the /
melancholy death Of Captain DE |
Long and 50 many of his companions /
by starvation. Written aud illustrated |
accounts of nearly all the above ex- /
plOFations have been published. and /
many OF them msy be found la the |
catalogues Of the leading American /
publishing houses.