The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1883-05-20

ed (brachycephaiousl. and that their low ana
retreating foreheads were furnished with
prominent. overhanging brows. and that the
face was almost deprived OF chin. but In the
absence Of sufficient number OF specimens 10
render deductions safe. Prof. Jolly considers 1t
ouite possible that all these characters were
individual. moro varieties Of an unknown
specific type. IT, indeed. 1t were prudent to
draw any conclusions from such Inadequate
materials. he would regard 1t as proved
that the dolichocephnlous. or long-headed
type, preceded the brach ycephalous. or at
least predominated at first In many other
respects tho Dino skull. which Is nearly con-
temporary with that OF Neanderthal. Ia much
superior to the latter and may indeed. be called
anatomically fine. Still finer according 10 NJ.
Jolly. were the skulls Of the reindeer hunters OF
Perigord. who wero OF great height. and ath-
letic. with strongly built skeletons. With regard
to the color OF the hair. We are reminded that
Haeckel says II was black and wooy while NJ.
De Quatrefages believes he has good reason
for thinking 1t was red and that the SKIN IN
stead OF being black or brown. as the German
author supposes was very similar In color to
that OF the present Mongol races. The authors
comment on this dispute takes the interroga-
tive form. How is II possible. he asks. In the
absence OF hair and skin. to judge OF the shade
of complexion and the tint Of the hair. which
We ODotENo W pc oo Ai SAS "sAAN s> sH->o
race?
Refusing accordingly. TO amuse the reader
with unauthentic delinoations OF the physi-
cal type and aspect Of duatcrnary man.
the author of this book sums up. In few
concise sentences. what We induDitaby Know
Of his mode Of life. what he did what he made.
and what he thought. 1t il known that alta GER
tain date in the quaternary epoch and Tor u
considerable period thereafter. European man
| dwelt in caves. or even in mere sheltered places
| among the rocks. such as Gro Magnon. This"
| says Prof. Jolly. was his miserable home; here
| he took his ala. and allowed the remains OF
| his food uninvitng TO our palates to collect.
| The flesh of tho mammoth. OF tho greut cave
| bear OF the amphinious rhinoceros. OF tho
horse. tho aurochs the reindeer tho fox. and
| doubtless also wild fruits and roots formed his
| staple diet" There Is no reason to believe that
the earliest cave dwcers-those Of the palno-
| lithic age-knew anything OF agriculture.
| Even amonl: the troglodytes who. dur
| ing tho age Of polished stone. dwet in
| the Pyrenean caves OF Ardge. and who
| had attained To far more advanced
| civilization. no cereals or wheaton bread
have been found. although one or two investi-
gators think thay have discovered millstones
! of hard rocks. Usually the flesh OF the animals
| was eaten raw; but even ut this epoch. when
| We first begin to spell out mans history. fire
was known. and pottery had been in
vented. and WAS used for culinary purposes.
Hunting was mans principal occupation.
Armed with the stone axe or mace. with the
flint headed lance. javelin. or arrow. he boldly
! attacked the animals. often OF colossal size.
with which Europe vas then peoplcd, and OF
which many have long since disappeared. He
clothed himself in their skins. which he had
early learned to smooth with the scrapcr. to
soften and prepare with fat or marrow. and
later by means OF IL stone polisher. During the
reindC~r age the booty obtained by fishing with
a barbed harpoon flor the net WIS not then in
vented added its contribution to his daily
food. Tho shooting of birds was like
wise no longer neglected" The earlier
cave jewellers drank nothing but water.
but the trogodytes OF tho Pyrenean
caves and the contemporary Inhabitants OF the
Swiss lake dwellings are believed to have drunk
milk also. for they had certainly domesticatcd
the OK and the goat as we'll rs the sheep. the
dog and the pig The bones and teeth of the
reindeer and OF contemporary animals were
used in the manufacture OF weapons and tools
Of various knfs and even art tss so H l hl
was invented and tho curious specimens fount
in the caves OF Dordogne OF England. and o
heS wor se"Tn p
into fine haments. bnrk fibre and at lnte
teSis Wants nrts Of iss
born: and the reindeer hunters Of Pcrigort
5 and tho bear hunters OF the Pyrcnccs EN-
: rare. in carving their weapons. in drawing o
engraving on wood. bone, and ivory the figure
q OF tho animals they had before their eyes. an,
even their own image"
There seems to be no doubt that among tn.
0 earlier cave dweilers tn" family was organ ICED
i and that among tho more advanced troslodyte
, Of Pcrigord the higher socinl unit known rs Thu
!rIe. or the community had been formed oye'
z iZation. Prof. Jolly observeS that II we ncccp
. the explanation given BY +. Lartct of the ornn
Q calls wnnds Of Office. and if We infer with hin
/. that the number Of holes attct's the variou
= and subjects" But whether the social. uni
n WAS tho family or the tribe, the horrors Of wa
@'S weak Sy e' Sevt %E err We
proof in the serious wounds remarked upo:
wfypo nr of the the knit Of %Ga e"
a women There nre also indications that; il
g certain cases at least. the cave dwelicr
It believed In future life Il 70 say tho
). coniiounded death with sleep, and suppose
y ono case as in tho other This il c'enr fror
o the nature Of the articles deposited IN tn
II hecan,e the last resting rlac. Of the dead. vii
= tho dead man were buried the weapons. th
The which ME hs had uss
$. reawaken. or tho Divinity the cave dwolie
IT ssion was t crade fetishism only few
y whose absurd superstitions can be recon
n structed by. conjecture. based on very fras
"a mentary evidence. To what extent the cav
- dwellers had carried the use of articnlat
y" speech We cannot say for no traces h9wcv.
n faint or mutilated OF any language spoken
N thcm have come down to us;
=, Condensing in a few words the signifcanc
~ OF the picture OF quaternary man. Prof. Jol
Nd submits that its striking feature Is not tn
IT dissimilarity but tho likeness. exhibited to tn
~ civilized human being. The man." he write
70 in the concluding sentence OF this volume
III who has left incontcstabe marks OF his G.,
M is,ence in the most ancient Quaternary bed
~ although inferior in many respects to the ma
70 of our own day nevertheless rescmbled MIN
1t all essential, points, In spite OF his sayaa
% toms he" who must have lived 100000. an
Y who may have lived 10 900 900 years ago. WI
ID man In all senses OF the word. anatomically, II
in tellectually. and morally"
n