New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-02-08

I hat how :
perhaps more some black and some whte they are
of ali sorts of Inagnudes, with no uniformity AZ an,
d dney UNI nf luminous surface as well as in
bulk Again they differ immensely III as
iS6tness II star-the Inherent brightness, the bulk
and the distance. We cannot safely say OF any one star
Gut if we take them by hundreds o. by thousands we can
saw ;his when compare stars Of tie sixteenth masnl-
that class tie sixteenth magnitude stars are sna Ter
stars at they are backer stars, and that they are ir
CHANGES IN THEIR LUMINOSITY.
Ono reason why much interest is taken in the study
of the hr ghtness Of that it Is found LAT many o
them change IN br ghness Indeed. II seems now 10 DC
safe 10 ay that probably there are very few OF the t'aS
that do not change in brightness Some are III ther IN
fancy and wing br ter. while otncrs are IN tnGp
Old age AMI ale glO1ng ia nter en- we ON.
mode catalogues with al OF turparchu- -,VU ! edS
tucIe are surprising fluctuations For instance; 1Alp"
DiacouIs, wi was ten the roc Slar, auu "n o'',.
ten much hr ghtcr an orr own roe otai II nv -
II ,ga en- asfor and 20 NIX few centuries ago were
diieIenl 'On what they for Castor va u"cu
Ali la heng distinctly tie brighter VINE 81 ny "''
naUed netI; and yet castor is now dish ty taH'c q,
re idcs thee gene al changes, md fron tlMe 10
time sudden enormous changes ID Wha are aS 'o Ono
rary stars. Tie are nine such ca c, on or I'm ,. N M
reared in tie imeof i2par US WAch Is El' 1900 e
II the Cataog publs' elby ftoemy Aii0tic' iviDu
about A. d. 90 III Aqu a, As Dlsnt Il" ,;o er.
ap. cared in 04J and IN lZ6i; hut the J. llc ii
fanny "hctnor thee may not nave o,cn Joe s soon in
1872, and IL turned the eat IycLO ba-e IRON te Io
q
the study OF astronomy mat appea Su III pn, tbc
ton so pca, and it hc, mucu brighter Hai u VIZ
midday and then al ally faded away after lasting two
years and half bIa measu ed It's P",llull 'O'" -
i, little rta1 Of a out thec evenih magnitude Nhlc3my
be that sta, aud, # o. it may gro" ur te as. o AMY
then. watching urt ,no + he~ ait'cA AUG no
star II hiIchus "a, observed by KEEPER anu ~ 80
a IA l- star aDicarcd IA tIG constellation W"lo
tom, 81" ard .eryed by HinG now superintendent Of
] MINT
constellation o, tnc crown. s,ar p'"red "r, .ainc
he same consolation If che or which Icin.ihci
bright day and lalf. aud then IraivalF It.'' ~"
IIs spec ally Interesting, because IL was 'Ic i,
instance IL which he u. ctr9-coue go chance ~ Luz
an object Tia star is visible To-Day IN we tc'7iI
rs little star OF the TENN Ilt-Il'u e, 49,, 49,
what is reu0rkanle II now SHOWS the cnhI i,
spectrum Of tao nebulg. II appears as II II Wns Il l'po
thai had frightened up 10 tqIal stt o,,t u.rt
mag ltudc and then decreased 10 te'thous"huH PAN
Besides lie temporary stars Their others which
vary vita more regular ynuvn Is vrap
teuinnr' = tttls AS one TIC wonderful IN the
" c Mir cen observed FIRST in 1895 IN measuring the
! uoltinu Of Mercury. brcanc brighter than to folc
ar, aud then na .ually aicd away and disappeared;
goes through tina cuango regular. once ~ about
sven months. II remains oi tho D4- o. 1no &c
utter nothingnes-. There are number o stars Of 'a'
Tacrs are stars which most Of tie time faint but
winch become gaI aLu fan right back again. anu lhc
peIiOls Of .ch arr usually orr A. en elH nc
class t. winch Alpha, Oronlo ana ia Argd' p ons ~
wucl there Il variation ana e. y ldtIuhe
change l. tie aInuuu, Of the git. Eta Argus Is ihc
period o. seveuty years. In lel3 % "a- tnc hig ','l
sta u me sOutAera SKY except rrns nl' II ran o ,
10 amos moaning Whether D, wa come l '', ~ o'
certain. But u had b en- p en- about l'7o OF LOU
These stars are not icgular iu tnclrprod.
Ineu we .avc a star watch AIRY regularly, az
If ,Le5 Aad pos on iheni ne -os. ic I'o.t oi t'..'
is lea Lyrs,. ia -o -eclls ht ioz ol l'ht
soIJ, gro vim fla.ct ANA = -hti amer "hu u'- ~
eilg o. ana Owen again. "a pglYds warp ~ II"i
four ~, o. iInou days. T." II them gong over mat
lie lftI class r s.ars that appear To suffer cc-e
rom ue L me, ot WHICH Ago" n Iers r ls Ne mos
Striking cXm lc. /. Vale- pct"tch tAc Oi RIlAe- "l
Tie O.e SAL .ud that OF 80 70 the -FOUR nag 'd
every two tArrt ua AMI ihat 10 on regularly rom
PROBABLE ot th, j. that II las a black aal-
HE, when ,uater .rJdue u and ecAs IL oht' III t"n
~. me- IL e. ne ,il, q beLa,ir oil these starr.
estimates tIat the dame er OF tie ste IT. To prot
ms eAec mus 90 eOnetIiuk lac al o's'aI.' ~
exslaua; on; UIt thc cXa,tu ss oI IL, p'Iulct j.
very strODg eyidenc, ia o., f-yOT 10 rocaIu-te, i"e
AgO re ob toly ecp,eoi rtars .lta nucl f'tu
r,y and snort or.0Gs probably -tars that rs"Nc
on TER axes aud have spots 90 thtm A ioI Aithi
OrOnls ana LA Ar-i DO MOI o" 'n"s 20 il"A' u
! tAem; but tie anGosy Of he Grodiciy 81 The so.4
Spots ggc.ts La, is pIO"A1ie e1pan"u1 anu t"i'
clag - ~ coIrcsy Ou.cuce win tAcIr br tHca7. -i Jar
to lie cuau- tut tiAe Ia IN TIC IN spec Tn Lac
subject Is v,r ntrrer u.s. ia Is Ho' 10 e IL, iio
better know Il ue mature ana CHARACTER oi INC
/ stars tAan Vi 10" have.
| HOW THEIR POSITIONS HAVE CHANGED.
As for lie nuo..ous Of The STAG, few words; FOR
although the motions small, they arc really NOV
ing great ii, al la,,or than cannon balls. Wen We
compare he places stars observed by ilpparchus
huudrcd years before the Curtan crI with their pres
ent places. We hnJ tnai Oh the whole iLey lave no.
CHAINS u nuch IAe Upper I'oNs No" aDo a. II an
/ 1000 years a. Bat wncu We come down 10 part
/ Iars We ma dsdg.eenent~ Aicturus La' sailed tu-
yr1 Inc south sine tnc tnan the 'ou's diane
LEI, a1u mani Otrr stars nave shtcd tncit Phfr- a.
| mucu. Wuen We compare &c positions obtained by
c,r,ul observation t,-lay, with thO-o given in cAa-
oeue. lJU W ma thdJ great many OF ia IA
ae DrAuug mite, ana alb ut 20 are known To chin-e
a. ia, en- "A IA sec ~ an IN year, Whch hoHld
ctu,e Il dr 4 equal 10 tue moons diameter II l,sOJ
! drllts second. year, winch "oud take j. over
me .OOA's diameter Ia 800 or 400 years moving IL
AN any utLe known TDeI III CyBui moves about
seconds NJ aiu ,,ip , III, tos.
Comparing the !iac oi We s'"i7 -'u'' ''; "a" ,'
gwen in ancient catOg We see thai c'e Is Ger AN
amount 90 system tnesc uOuOI-. On tn "nOlc' ihric
! - a reurrl omit from one par OF the SAY
/ Toward anO.ner part Of the say. : on Will, o.
! course uuuelbtanu the tx ana,iYn Of Tat without
'nnI.rr " ri. fl j. Gear tuaI SO moving the
carrying Eaih aII planets IA the "ip,-ltt direction
We pa cent moving TO" ara p't ga tir chrtri-
Iton H,rcdle near tne grea csei ana me a. iienco
| of TINS J. ina. wAOe taking tue stars by tine
Tn usand, they drifting away rom lhHt p0Ht 1t
necoAs ~ ~ HAe III, ~ 'ne ,Ao an - 10 Le"on sucH
cOncusiun Tor individual siiS move some iu one "aJ
ana some thtr. But being earned Ia mat are,
tOn by the sun, We re Tue Hlaa opening no'oc uh 7'P
aratng IRON cacn Other, and clo-ng up bchlhd a. ~
il We viking across heid o~ ar Tao hrh "l'A
crowd upOnl o. people moving III va Gus" i'' !ir'
Ne -nuulu them Open beo. e u.s. growing apparently
lang. a. app oaclca. ANA coeh. az III he lcr hut
the are tneuseNes also moNny' anu WIN uehc-
dOu, H. pai,y 100. lAiiOGuc. bu1 proper Ho'4"h AT
tns point because We mus take mat mao account III
getting the distances OF the stars. And we c'tuuO.
know anything about their real SIZE OF brightness or
eet II that OF course If the earth Is moving Ia THIS
| great circle around the sun ISo.oOO'OOo he'
| In diam ter IL perfectly chsy 10 sec on
tie principles OF relative motion mat every star
| III the sky must appear 10 be moving III an oTbt 81
, Inc same -lZe ana parallel 10 the cdns Orbt. II Is
ius doctrine relative motion; 30 II / should move
| around. ana continuing my observations upon any
BODY in roo body would appear 10 be changing
te direction just precisely rs II sIOdd Hiil ANA that
Ing. In other words, u make, 40 dtl-
eucc whether stand silu ana the other body moves or
whether that body stands stll and move. Well then
If We are moving IN TINS enormous Orb the star, must
nupear bo moving IN enormous OrtS. just Ike mat
oi tnc eart and suld clio Brhc 10 the COpcrncHs,
very justly: Wei, II the COpcrncan system Is tIur We
] ougui o ind that the stars moving
tiIrir ORBITS Now, have made observations for thirty
ILtLlI ..Lr