The Labor enquirer., 1883-12-08
constitute ! security againnt the abdse Of
force which would render Il illusory.

constitute : spcurity aeainst the abuse Of
force which would render i illuscry
III.
If it should be found, after careful
trial thereof, that any form or system Of
government or society fails to maintain
the rights Of man. then it Is not only the
right but the most sacred duty of the
whole people to alter or abolish the said
system BY any and all possible means.
~.
|. Liberty is the power which belongs to
"a man of exercising all Ills faculties at
pleasure. 1t has justice forit rule; the
rights of others for its boundaries, nature
for its origin, and the law for its safe
guard.
v.
The right oflife, which belongs equally
to all men, carries with it the right to
the means of living. Chief among these
Subsidiary rights is the right Of each in
diyidual to receive the full product OF
his own labor, without 1.-THE, tax or dim
mutton, upon any pretext,
VI.
Every individual is entitled to an equal
proportional share of all the natural ad-
vantages Of earth. The whole people
should hold the land, light, air and water,
together with other of natures re-
sources, as the natural heritage IN COM
mon of all mankind, and of his proDor-
tion thereof no man should ever be de-
prived.
VII.
Every lindividual is entitled to an
equal proportionate share of all the accu-
mulated wealth created by past genera
tions, and that wealth should be held by
society as the natural heritage in COM
mon of all mankind.
VIII.
Society can deny to those who do not.
consent to this system of society any
share of the benefits produced by the
cooperation of those who do consent.
It is but just that those who will not CO.
operate should receive none of the ben
efits of cooperation.
TX.
Debt, profit, interest, rent and the COM
petitive system Of industry are hereby
formally declared proved instruments of
degradation and tyarapny. and cancers
upon the social body. So also are the
present methods Of furnishing crime
rather than preventing it; the present
monetaryIsystem the present method OF
suffrage; the present method of educa-
ton; and the present systems of juris-
prudence, church and military.
x.
The right of peacably assembling of
manifesting opinion, whether through
the press or by any other means; of the
free exercise of religion of bearing
arms; of security of person against un-
reasonable search or seizure, and of COM
plete liberty of thought and speech, to-
gether with the right of association, are
such necessary consequences of the,prin-
ciples of mans liberty, that the necessity
of declaring them presupposes either the
presence Of, or the resent remembrance
of despotlsm > Is "
l., XI.
The right of private property can
justly be based upon no principle except
that having been produced by the per-
son in possession of it, or upon the pos
SCISSOR, having rendered for it the full
equivalent to the one who did produce
it. This rule can have no exceptions
save those created by the unanimous
consent of all members Of society.
E.. XII.
So long as members Of society shall
fulfill their portion of the social contract
they have right to demand of society
that it provide to them the means neces-
Nsary to provide for their subsistence. So
ciety is bound also to insure, the means
of existence to those who are incapable
Of labor. =.E. -....
Absolute justice is the right of every
being. The law is the free and SOL
emn expression of the public will, and
it must be equal for all. Society ought
to favor with all its power the progress
of public reason, and place instruction
and recreation within the reach of every
citizen. The people is the sovereign.
Government is its work and its property ;
the public functionaries are its agents
and officers, and the people justly should
have the power when it pleases to revoke
its mandatories or recall its servants.
The law can forbid only what is hurtful
to the people and can prescribe only
WHAT useful. Every law which violates
or infringes the imprescriptible right of
man is void. #
XIV. ,5
In every Just governIne the law
ought above all to defend public and in
dividual liberty against the authority Of
those that govern. Every institution
that does not suppose the people good
and the magistrate corruptible, is vicious.
No part of the people can exercise the
power of the whole people; but the wish
it expresses oughtto be respected as a