davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19

fine quality of cheese as he would need
to buy to suit the average taste of his GUS
toners, and of ten retail customers who
sampled it, seven pronounced it good, two
perfect, and one poor, which is getting as
many credits as any sample would be
likely to, tested BY ten customers of aver
age tastes. Not claiming to be expert in
judging of the quality of cheese, we ex.
pressed to Mr.. G. w. Whitney, a success
full butter and cheese-maker, desire that
he should visit the factory and examine
the goods made, and the process of manu-
facture, and send us a report of his i'm
pressions. The following letter WAS writ
ten by Mr.. Whitney, under date of October
1't: Having spent day in visiting the
factory at Colchester (Vermont), and wit.
Messing the manufacture of butter and
cheese by the new vacuum system in
vented by M. E. K. Powell, | was much
surprised at the result. The first lot of
milk made up weighed fifteen hundred
pounds, and made seventy-seven pounds
of butter, which, allowing me TO be a
judge, was gilt edge, making trife over
five pounds to the one hundred pounds of
milk-a large yield. The buttermilk,
after being subjected to high tempera.
ture, was put into the milk, which was
made into cheese. The cheese on hand
consisted of little more than one month 8
make, and boring several, am compelled
to believe them a good marketable article.
The pumping out of the air over the milk,
the inventor claimed, was the cause of the
large yield of butter, and that by reliev-
ing the pressure of air, all the small butter
globules would rise, when they would not
If the air pressure was left on. The milk
when put into the tank was heated to one
hundred aud five degrees to free it from
impurities, and then cooled with ice wa
ter, remaining in the tank about twenty.
four hours before being manufactured.
BY subjecting the milk to this heat and
vacuum system, it is found, that after re-
moving all the butter globules, there still
remains sufficient substance of fatty
nature in the milk to produce good quail.
ity of cheese, If it can be taken mp in the
curd, and it seems to be fact that by
this system, such is the case. The manu-.
facturer claimed to make fourteen pounds
of butter and cheese from one hundred
pounds of milk. The COWS furnishing the
milk to this factory are common cows that
have lived on pasturing alone. But the
most surprising part of all remains to be
told. l was shown can of sugar, of
about two and oue-half pounds, said to be
the result of boiling down fifty pounds of
this skim.cheese whey. By this system
the fatty matter, which has always been
80 troublesome in the manufacture of
milk sugar, by evaporation is removed
from the milk. This alone is sufficient to
give the heat and vacuum system the lead
of all others in the market Since the
above was written we learn that similar
factory has been started in Mr.. Whitney 3
town, where the milk of from one hun.
bred and fifty to two hundred COWS will
be worked up by the new process the com.
ing winter"
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
Testing Jersey Breeds.

Orestes Pierce, in the Home Farm, says
that the American Jersey cattle club has
now taken official notice of these records,
and upon application send its representa-.
tives to those who have COWS to test, place
the report upon its. records and become
the guarantee of its correctness. The
writer is now acting in this capacity,
testing the cow Handsome Myra for Mr..
G. Wellington, East Lexington, Mass.
This COW is likely to reach a yield of
twenty-one pounds. 1t may be interest
ing to here note the methods used. Each
milking is done in the presence of the
agent, who at the finish takes charge of
the milk, which never passes to other
hands until made into butter and
weighed {; all utensils are in his charge
and everything under seal. For scientific
purposes aud data all details of temper
ature are kept, likewise kind, quantity
and quality of food; the physical condi
ton of the COW is also noted. A repor
of all these matters in detail is sworn t,
and forwarded to the secretary of tn
club by its agent.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
The Rights Of Railroads.

We believe, with the late Judge Black,
that ga public highway cannot be private
property, and railroad laid out and
built by the authority of the state for the
purpose of commerce is as much pub
lie highway as a turnpike road, canal or
navigsble river. 1t is the duty of the
state to promote intercourse and trade by
constructing highways of the best kind.
To this end, she may take land and mate
rails which is an exercise of eminent do
main. She can build railroad at her
own expense, using the direct agency of
her officers, and after it is built she can
make it free to all corners, or reim-
burse the cost by special tax on those
using it, or she may delegate the tax
ing and taxing powers to a corpora
ton or a person, as she always does
when she grants railroad charter.
In either case the road belongs to the
state, and all the people have right to
use it as common property by the pay
ment of proper tax. The corporations
are merely the agents for the state for
the performance of public duty. If the
company may charge what it pleases, then
the road is not apublic highway; the pub.
lie has no right in it at all. The rail.
roads being public property in which all
the public have equal rights, it is absurd
to say that the state has no right to regu-
late and control them, in the performance
of their functions, by such laws as will
prevent Partially, plumber and extortion.
This is power of which no free state
can disarm itself by any acts of its legisla-
tive, judicial or executive officers" These
are the opinions of one of the best consti-
tutional lawyers in the United Safes.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
In Common Cattle.

The Breeders Gazette says there has
been a marked degree of improvement in
the quality of the so called scrub, or COM
mon stock of the country, within the past
few years, and that every farmer is richer
to-day because of the influences of blood
derived from the imported breeds
Grades" he says, "and the grades OF
grades, to the tenth generation-little
drops of good blood, diluted over and over
again, but never lost-have been making
their influence felt, ramifying and reach
ing through thousands of dividing and in
terlacing channels, the great body of ma
tive live stock, and lifting the whole to a
higher plane. The process has been slow,
and the results meagre, compared to what
would have been the case had advantage
been everywhere taken of pure-bred ami
mails for breeding purposes, but neverthe-
less, the advance has been a most crafty
ing one, and its advantages are apparent
whenever pure cross is now made upon
the native stock. The foundation has
been improved, and, when given chance,
the fraction of good blood back asserts
itself with remarkable vigor and GER
tainty. The grades are better, and ap-
roach nearer the perfect standard, because
of this undercurrent of good blood which
is widening and deepening everywhere"
All that the Gazette says in the above
extract is true, but it is very surprising
that its editor should ignore the main
factor in the improvement of American
farm stock completely, as he here does.
While crossing with the choice represent
atives of imported breeds has done much
to improve our common stock, the chief
gain in that direction is due, without any
doubt, to the great advance made during
the past twenty-five years in the care, feed.
ing and selection of our farm animals.
Without these, the foreign breeds cannot
be kept up. The farmers who had them
soon found this out, and it did not take
the intelligent American farmer long to
reason that if these breeds were produced
Gas they certainly were) by careful feed
ing, handling, and selection of the com.
mon cattle of Europe (from which our
own "nstive" stock had their origin),
then our common cattle could be i'm
proved in the same way. He did not neg
lect the immediate gain to be got by
crossing the imported stock upon his own,
but as he had to keep both thoroughbreds
and grades better than he formerly kept
his cattle in order to derive the full bene-
fit of the cross, he extended this improved
treatment to his common stock. Having
also the foreign standards of excellence
before his eyes he made his selections
among his young stock to correspond, and
the whole result is seen, not in the grades
only, but in our uncrossed natives.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
AarirnHnraL
+. HI. HOsKINs, Newport. VT. Editor.
A Good Showing.

This has been an off year for apples
most everywhere, but here and there we
hear of an orchsrdist who keeps his or
chard we'll MANFRED and has had full
crop and received the big prices that are
got only in off years. The following is an
instance happening to one in our own ma
tive town,-that is, If such thing can
be said to "happen y: Richard Plaisted
of Gardiner, Maine, will obtain this year
of scarcity some eight or nine hundred
barrels of apples from nine acres OF Or
chard. He gives his trees extra feed and
careful treatment. The trees are mostly
Baldwins and are loaded with fruit. He
mauures his orchard literally and mulches
heavily.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
Blundering journalism.

We have laughed little, occasionally,
at the absurdities printed in the Boston
Cultiuator under the head of popular
Science" 1t would seem impossible that
so many errors could be collected together
in 80 small space, week after week.
Still, perhaps an agricultural journal
(even though it claims the first place.
ought not to be expected to be posted in
all departments of understanding sci.
ence. If 1t keeps reasonably clear of er-
ror in its own speciality it does we'll. But
the Cultivator does not. Witness the two
following items from recent issue, I'M
der the horticultural head:
"The word pippin, now 80 largely used
in the names of certain varieties of ap-
Piles, as Newtown pippin, etc., is an Old
English word meaning simply tart or
acid apple. The application of the word
to the naming of fruit is unmesning.
The same is true of cooling, as in Keswick
cooling, etc. Cooling meant in Shakes
peares time sour or immature apple.
This derivation of the word explains the
meaning and origin of the term codling
moth"
"Several varieties of hardy Canadian
apples are becoming popular along our
northern boundaries. Among the most
deserving seem to stand the Wealthy, Ed
gar Red Streak and Farmeuse Sucree."
An apple "pip" is an apple seed. From
this comes "pippin," which originally
meant simply Seeding. But as only
choice seedlings were preserved and prop
agated, "pippin " came in time to mean
an excellent or choice seeding. 1t has
been in the course of time applied to so
many varieties that the term has now no
definite meaning at all. "Codling," or
"codlin," means simply sour cooking APP
pie, as distinguished from dessert apple.
The second item is still worse. The
Wealthy is of Minnesota origin, the Ed.
gar Red Streak IS of Illinois origin, and
the Fameuse (uot "Farmeuse y Sucree,
though fine apple, has never yet been
propagated for sale, and the only bearing
trees in existence are the original half
dozen in Mr.. Prudhomme's orchard near
Montreal. We have nine young trees of
this variety from scions we took two years
ago from one of Mr.. Prudhomme's trees,
and these nine are all the genuine trees
of this variety in the United States. BY a
mistake lotof scions of the old Fameuse
were distributed, some five years ago, as
| Fameuse Sucree.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
An Agricultural College.

We take the following from the report
of the Michigan Agricultural College to
the National Grange: Everything is
taught in the English language. Neither
Greek, nor Hebrew, nor Latin, nor French,
state, as we'll as from all the rest of the
world, attend free of charge for tuition.
Board is paid for at cost by the students.
All of them are required to labor on the
farm, in the garden, greenhouse or some.
where else, at least three hours each day
for FIVE days in week. For this work
they are paid by the state at the rate of
eight cents per hour. The experience of
these twenty years has seemed to demon.
strate the fact that this labor quickens
the mental energies. And the students
that pass out from this college do 80 with
loyalty to, and respect for, labor and
the laborer. They start out with more Of
set purpose to do something to make q
living, and are not so much imbued with
the idea that the world owes them living
because of their education. The COM
mencement orations are filled with senti-
ments of respect for the productive in.
dustries of the country. The school year
lS VI uluo uuTdbtOus nO
vacation occurs in the winter. This af-
fords the students an opportunity to teach
and secure funds to aid in defraying ex-
penses. The president and the professors
are required by the board of agriculture
to hold al least six farmers institutes
each year. Of course this is done during
the winter vacations. The whole number
of students in attendance during the year
1882 was two hundred and sixteen. The
average for ten years has been very nearly
two hundred. A large number of these
never complete the course. Some of
them come in as specials to study some
specific subject. OF the two hundred and
seventy-two graduates one hundred and
three are farmers, sixty others are en-
gagged in various industrial pursuits one
hundred and nine are in the professions,
or engaged in commercial pursuits. OF
course all of the graduates are compare
lively young men,"
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
A New Dairy Process.

Hardly has the centrifugal creamer be-
come known amongst us before another
plan appears, of YANKEES origin, which
promises to supplant it. This is the
."vacuum process" invented by E. r. Pow.
ell, and now in practical and successful
operation in Chittenden county. The
NeW England Farmer says of this new
method:
"The new vacuum system, as 1t is
called, aims to utilize every ounce of the
food material contained in the milk, and
from recent reports received from the
company there seems to be much ground
for hoping that the highest antici pations
will be realized. A sample of skim cheese
recently received from the factory was
! tested by dealer who, knowing nothing
of its origin or history, pronounced Y o.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19

WHEAT IN New HAMPsHIRE.-Harlan
Flint of Hanover raised this year eighty
bushels of wheat on five acres of ground,
and Uel Spencer of the same town two
hundred and six bushels from four and a
half acres, while the town farm crop aver
aged forty-three bushels per acre. That
raised by Mr.. Flint was winter wheat, and
Spencer's, White Russian. A Meredith
correspondent of the Laconia Democrat
says that eight farms adjoining each other.
in that town, have produced this year five
hundred and twenty-four bushels of wheat.
Reports from all sections of the state show
that a great yield of wheat has been So
cured wherever the crop has been sown.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
Addison County Honey.

A prominent bee-keeper of Middlebury,
who does not want his name published
lest he should be "over.run with letters
of inquiry" writes: 81 was surprised at
a statement in this weeks WATERMAN
that Aroostook county (Maine) produced
more honey than any other county in New
England. As you did not give any figures,
1 am not prepared to contradict you, but
had supposed Addison county (Vermont)
to be ahead in the production CT white comb
honey. Certainly it is ahead in the neat
ness with which it is put up and its styles
of packages, which are not excelled either
in this country or Europe. Will you tell
us in THE WATCHMAN how many pounds
of comb honey Aroostook county has pro-
ducedP l cannot give exact figures, as
some bee-keepers are sensitive, and do not
like to tell but / believe from what do
know that the crop in this county will not
fall much below one hundred thousand
pounds of comb honey, more than half
of which has been produced by two bee
keepers. Has Aroostook county done
better than this or have you been 80
busy chasing DR.. Loring with a sharp
stick, or a sharper pen, that you have over
looked Addison county bee-keepers, who
are too busy to blow their own trumpets :?
The past season has been unusually good
throughout the country and the produc-
ton of honey unusually large, yet the de-
mand is good at paying prices. One of
my apiaries, located in Bridport (Which,
by the way, you may remember visiting a
few years ago), consisting of one hundred
and thirty hives, will give me this year
one hundred pounds to the hive of comb
honey, or nearly all comb honey, beside
considerable increase. The honey in this
county is nearly all put up in one and
two.pound sections, which are manufac,
tured here and are the finest produced in
the country, and are shipped from this
county to all parts of the United States
and across the Atlantic. / would like to
tell you all about this business, and how
it has come about from small beginnings
only few years ago, and will doubtless
treble in few years more, but have nei.
ther time or strength to do 3d."
NOTE BY THE AGRICULTURAL EDIToR.-
We are glad to get our friends letter,
but very sorry that his time and strength
will not allow him to communicate to
our readers the interesting origin and
progress of the Addison county bee in
dustry. In regard to Aroostook being the
banner honey county of New England
the statement was made upon the ESQ fal
as we know undisputed authority Of the
agricultural papers of Maine, and theil
correspondents. We shall send this pape
to Mr.. Gerard of Aroostook county, hop
ing that he will kindly furnish the stats
tics Of honey production in Aroostook TO
the benefit of our readers, and of bee
keepers generally. Our Middlebury frien'
adds to his letter the following notice
"The Champlain Valley Bee.keepers' Al
ISOLATION formerly known as the Addiso
: County Bee.keepers' Associatiop), wi
: hold its annual meeting at the Addiso
!. house, Middlebury, VT, the second Thur
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19

"ON the whole, we can't see how Pro
fessor Collier could have had a much
more complete vindication and victory,
or DIR. Loring more signal defeat, and
we shall wait with some curiosity to see
whether congress will take any hand in
the fight for the deposed chemist, whose
zeal aud fidelity in this work gained his
dismissal from his position as chemist of
the department of agriculture, at the
hands of its head, the politico-sgricul-
tursl orator of the fairs and head and
front of the great New England Agricul-
tural Society, DIR. Loring."-Mr. 7inkaam,
in Freeman.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19

WHILE the "Jsck at all trades " idea is
not to be encouraged on the farm, it yet
remains true that certain amount of
mechanical skill, which can be made
available in times of emergency, is very
desirable acquisition to the farmer. Many
a little break in machinery or implement
can be repaired in less time than would
be consumed in going to a mechanic to
get the job done, and effecting saving
in time as we'll as the payment of the la
Dor of the mechanic.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19

day in January, 1884. All bee-keepers
are invited. ]. e. Crane is president.
Our secretary, T. o. Brookins, has died
since our last meeting"
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19
Our WOrkiDgmen.

The Springfield Republican is many.
headed concern, and expresses quite OPP
posite opinions in its editorial columns.
The Vermont watchman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1883-1911, 1883-12-19

Born learning aud agriculture ought
to be encouraged by goysga@aatIln
Mohave County miner., 1883-01-28

Johnson Ca1on costing $111,000. This mile includes short tunnel and all iron viaduct across the caIion 265 feet high. There is not a wooden bridge on the road; all are of iron or stone, and one cost over S250,000; not a yard of iron rail is on the main line, but all fftysix pound steel rails. The road has plenty of money, President Mutt says, to com pIete its lines and pay interest for year. It can show, he declares, the best built new railway in the coun- try. Thus far this month the com pany has paid on it's construction ac- count over $4S0,000. It has hitherto been in the habit of paying all the completed estimates" of its engi- neers on the 10th of the month fol lowing, and many of its contractors who have completed their jobs and are being pressed for payment by the sub contractors, whose men in turn are pressing them for their money so that they can go home, have been little anxious to get their pay with even more than the usual promptness, but there has been no trouble, except in the case of Latta, and that, as has been said, was not a question of payment but of the price of ties. President Mutt has in his office collection of views of scenery along the line, prominent points in the work, camps of the con struction corps, etc., taken by one of the clerks in the engineering de- partment, who seems to be an excel lent photographer. These views are very interesting, as showing the diff cult nature Of many of the obstacles surmounted by this line.
Mohave County miner., 1883-01-28

MADE INSANE BY NoxIoUs GAsEs-At the Albion works, Eureka, Mcdonald, a smelter who had been in one of the tunnel for repairs, was overpowered and rendered unconscious by noxious gases. when resuscitated Mcdonald was tor a time violently insane. He slezed sledge hammer and charged upon his friends. Being overpowered and put to bed he cane out all right in few hours,
Mohave County miner., 1883-01-28

BRICKS FROM SLAs.-The utilization of slag waste is fast assuming con siderable economical importance The man ufacture of brick from gran ulated blast furnace slag will soon be begun ln Germany. The slag is run in to water, and the grit thus obtained is mixed up with lime, concrete or plaster of Paris, and formed into bricks, which are dried for a month, Thoy possess greater solidity than common brick, ,and seem to resist a much greater pressure.
Mohave County miner., 1883-01-28
THE ATLANTIC & PACIFIC

The Boston Advertiser, speaking
 of the above road, says the company was never in so good a condition as now, financially, and in regard to Its progress. All the heavy mountain work has been done and nearly all the grading is completed, the few short gaps of grading remaining being under contract to be finished Feb. 1st. 1883. The laying of steel rails is progressing rapidly and will be finished by April 18th to the Needles, on the bank of the Colorado, where the Southern Pacihc is to meet it with branch from Mohave. Some of the work among the noun tains of the Continental divide and the Arizona divide has been very heavy and costly, one mile of road in
Mohave County miner., 1883-01-28

There are three running springs on the range which is situated about two. miles and half from Ca. on Station in a north westerly direction. There is a good cabin on the ranch and an abundance of feed and tim Der. 800 cords of wood can be cut from it Apply to Jonathan Adams, Miner Park, or to this office.
Mohave County miner., 1883-01-28

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