davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

crops and sound fruit. For preserving thev
aae excellent, as they Possess peculiar acid
properties and tlavors unknown in other ap-
pies, and when fully ripe are relshed by
some preference to theimproved varieties.
AS the crab apple is the source from which
we derive most Of our favorites, the attempt
to propagate the better varieties from seed
leads to Il reversion, and we find the crab
apple growing from the seeds of even the
most highly improved specimens. They are
generally of spontaneous growth, coming
up in forgotten locations, and tolerated more
as profuse bearer than for use, although
they are worthy of place in orchards al
cider apples and preserving fruit.-America,
Garden
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
No. s.

"grand opening" of the new years cam
paign will soon be at hand, and if any de-
cided improvement is to be made in the fowl
stock, attention should at once be given to
selecting the specimens that are to be used
for breeders. In most cases it will not be
necessary to go outside of the flock now on
hand to obtain what Is needed 1t is a bad
practice to breed, as many do from pro-
miscuous flock. 1t is much better, we think,
to Gull out the poor stock, even if it itreduces
the flock one-half or even more.
Ii market poultry is chiefly desired, be-
gin by Killing of all cocks and hens over
two years old. Discard, also, all Of the late
hatched stock, as breeding from these tends
to decrease the size of the fowls. Suffer no
specimen to live that is in any way deform-
ed. Detormities are frequently transmitted,
and it is especially important that the male
be free from them. Too often the only thing
farmer does toward selecting breeders is
to obtain two or three big roosters--size be-
ing their only merit. But it is more impor-
tant that they should have vigorous censti-
tutions, symmetrical forms and the right
color of skin and plumage. eA
Ii the fowls the farmer has on hand are of
large size, and it is desired to improve their
laying qualities, we would recommend the
purchase Of pure bred Leghorn cockerels to
mate with his pullets. Or, if the size is to
be increased, the introduction of Cochin or
Brahma blood will do the work effectually.
Thus by a judicious selection of females
and the use of thoroughbred males as occa-
sion requires, the farmers flock can be inn
proved year by year. Poultry World.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

from all parts of the country to learn what
was new and worth knowing for the ad
vancement OF the general good of the whole
country.
The deliberations of the convention were
marked by gravity and comprehensive con-
scientiousness. The subjects discussed re-
ferred directly to legislation for the advance
ment of the agricultural interests of the
country, and to improvements in the culti-
walton of the soil and more economical
methods of feeding live stock. Very sensi-
bly, no discussion was INDUCED in as to the
best breeds OF cattle, sheep, hogs or horses.
Tree planting, fish culture, drainage, and
where desirable homes for farmers were to
be had was ably discussed. The sheep, hog
and cattle industries were fully considered.
One feature OF the discussion of the cattle
food question was the consideration of the
TODD prepared or saved for them by means
of the silo, called enslage. New ideas were
obtained, and a great step in advance OF our
old notions of the amount of land necessary
to keep cow was gained by this particular
discussion.-C Colorado Farmer.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION

The third annual convention OF the Amer
ican Agricultural Association closed last Fri
day evening in Chicago, after session OF
fonr days. This convention was attended
by representatives from twenty three States,
and by delegates from Germany, France,
Russia and Great Britain. During the four
days there were in attendance not less than
five hundred individuals, and the interest
evinced in the proceedings was that of
thoughtful men who had come together
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
-@---@--az8
GRAFTIN G..
Ed. -

have had thirty years experience in all
the various modes of grating and budding
trees, says the Fruit Reco7der. In preparing
the limb, | first saw off the branch to be
grated; then with sharp knife pare the
end of the stub that is to receive the graft.
so that the cuticle between the wood and
the bark can be distinctly seen; then with
the knife I split the limb, using small,
turned wooden mallet, holdir- fast to the
handle, and striking the point, | extricate it
from the split. then drive in the wedge
to accommodate the thickness of the CRAFTS.
After setting the inner paris of the bark or
cuticle exactly together, IAesno.'- out the
wedge, leaving it to pinch The gratis tight.
In whiting graft, always make the in
side edge little the thinnest, so that it will
pinch the hardest on the outer edge, always
leaving bud just at the crown. | then
wax with grating wax, first warming the
wax, and greasing my haHds with tallow
to keep the wax from sticking. | make wax
as follows: Four pounds ,psin one pound
of tallow, three fourths of pound of bees
wax. Melt all together over slow fire :;
have tub ready with lukeWarm water. AS
soon as all is well melted, pour small
quantity at time into the water then
grease your hands with tallsw and pull the
wax till it is pliable, and eta golden yellow
color. Roll info balls and throw into warm
water to COOL By following the above di-
rections 90 per cent. will grow.
The best time to cut plum or apple scions
for grating Is by or before the first of March,
then bury the butt ends in the cellar, and
graftas soon as possible in the spring.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
Ghe Aoulhp nard.
MAKING POULTRY PROFITABLE.

Being practical men, farmers and others
who keep poultry on limited scale, want to
know whether it is profitable. 10 large
class Of rural residents there is very little
doubt that it does not pay to the extent that
it might be made to do. To many the keep
ing of poultry is merely a matter of con-
venience, instead of a source of revenue,
and many times the convenience is an in
convenience, for when eggs are wanted they
seem to be scarce. In winter, especially,
they are very scarce, as the rule. To obt ain
eggs plentifully in winter we must obtain
and prepare the stock, and bring them into
laying condition. Hens will not lay unless
kept in good order any more than COW
will give milk without suitable food and
care. They should not be toorfat, but ac-
tive; combs bright red, eyes sparkling !;
feathers close and glossy in short, their
whole appearance should be lively and
healthy. These essentials are best found in
young stock / imagine that the matter of
what particular breed we keep has less TO
do with the question than the fact of care,
if they are hardy and healthy. As stated
above, the secret of winterlaying lies in get
ting hens up in good condition first, and
then caring for them properly. The practi-
cal man can tell at glance the exact cond-
ton Of his stock, if he is fit for this bust
ness.
Fresh air is important. The house should
be well ventilated at all times, and in warm
days thrown open for time to give all the
air possible The matter of ventilation is
quite important, and the best mode is yet
to be found. A good way is to have open
ings at or near the top of the room, and to
keep some of them open, Eiore or less, at all
times. When the wind blows hard, causing
strong draft through the building, those
openings to the windward side should be
closed tight. Cleanliness is most impor-
tant consideration in keeping many fowls.
If the hens are confined to the house the
droppings should be taken up every morn
ing. A hoe, or scraper and shovel will be
needed, and then broom to sweep the floor.
Keep barrel near at hand i'm which to de-
post the manure, which is best kept dry till
used After cleaning the floor scatter very
light coat of dry earth or loan over it. In
the absence of this little short cut hay or
sweet litter answers. Very important es-
sentials are feeding and watering in such a
manner that the food aud water shall not
get any filth in them. Have it so arrang ed
that the hens cannot either step into or roo st
on or over them. Feed regularly and car e.
tully.-Coar. albany Cultivatos'.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
!Nhe yn,tsehpld.

To BroiL Chicken or Foaol-Either of
these when merely split and broiled, is very
dry and unsavory eating, but will be greatly
improved if first boiled gently from five to
ten minutes and left to become cold; then
divided dipped into egg and we'll seasoned
bread crumbs, plentifully sprinkled with
clarified butter, dipped again into the crumbs
and broiled over clear and gentle fire from
half to three quarters of an hour. 1t should
be opened at the back, and evenly divided
quite through the legs should be trussed
like those of boiled fowl the breast bone
or that OF the back may be removed at
pleasure, and both sides OF the bird should
be made as flat as they can, that the fire
may penetrate every part equally; the in
side should be first laid towards it. The
neck, feet and gizzard may be boiled down
with small quantity of onion and carrot
previously Drowned in morsel of butter,
to make the gravy, and the liver, after hay
ing been simmered with them for five or six
minutes, may be used to thicken it after it is
strained. A teaspoonful of lemon Juice.
some cayenne and minced parsley should be
and butter. Half to three-quarters of an
hour,-Am. Poultry Yard.
Ho1 to Use Perfumes. There are few la
dies who can resist the pleasure OF using
perfumes, and if they are not used in too
great quantities they are not objectionable
1t is a better plan to use only one kind of
perfume, such as violet, heliotrope, rose
geranium, etc. Instead of saturating the
handkerchief use them in the form of sachet
powders. Put them on cotton in small bags
of muslin, silk or satin, and strew them in
every part of the bureau and wardrobe SO
that a delicate, fresh, almost nameless per-
fume peryades every article of dress, from
the hat to the boots. Sachets filled with
powdered orris root will give a sweet whole
some odor that never becomes SO strong as
TO be disagreeable. 1t is hardly neediul to
say that the use of strong extracts of per-
tumery is not considered in good taste.
Improving Tie Complerion-In the rough
spring winds the fairest complexion will be-
come rougheued, and often freckled; but if
a teaspoonful of powdered borax is mixed
with the water in which the face and hands
are washed every morning. and after the
skin is well dried it is sponged over with d
wash made of ten drops of tincture of gum
benzoin in a wineglass of water. it can be
kept smooth and fair. IN the days of an
cient Rome the women made their co,nplexg
ions soft and beautiful with this preparati ann IN
of benzoin. 1t gives a milky appearanes.Hleg
| the water, and its odor is agreeable.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

THE carly home of the potato is not def
nitely known. Peru has been generally be-
lieved to be the place. AS potatoes We're
taken from Virginia to England in 1886,
however, there has been fair reason to sup
pose that the potato is native of North
America. California has sometimes been
claimed as the place of its nativity. Re
Gently, however, Professor j. G. Lemmen,
OF the California Academy of Sciences, re-
turned from trip to Arizona, along the
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
THE CRAB APPLE.

Although our Improved varieties of apples
are far superior to that of the primitive crab
apple in general qualities, yet that ancient
specimen has its uses and purposes. They
are specially fostered in some sections for
cider making, being superior to all other
kinds in that respect, and the trees are hardy,
free as rule from insect attacks, ana pro-
fuse bearers. Crab apple trees seem to bear
well under all circumstances, yielding heavy
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
WHITE SPRINGS TERRITORY JANUARY A. 1882

Mexican frontier. and brought with him two
varieties, if not three. OF native potatoes
which he found growing largely in Mountain
as wanuts. He proposes to give them out
to those who will agree to cultivate them
for sufficient number of years to fully de.
velop them. The discovery would seem 10
point to the nativity of the potato.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

Transient advertisements PAYABLE in advance
Regular advertisements payable quarterly.
Twenty-Five per cent. added for special advertise
ments.
Remittances by registered letter, post-office
order draft at our risk; but not at our expense.
Any one failing to receive his paper regularly
should notify promptly by postal card.
A Subscriber desiring to change the post-otfice
direction of his paper must communicate to us the
name of the post-ofice to which it has previously
been sent, otherwise we may be unable to compl
with his request.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
IN THE FARM YARDS.

Scattered through the Northern States
there may be found many fine specimens of
the domestic fowl. Farmers have, in many
instances, been liberal paironizers of the
fanciers, so that in these yards may be found
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

EXCEPT in southern districts, Russia is
now ice-bound, and but little allowance need
be made for her competition in grain mar
kets until the close of the next spring, for
no movement from there can be felt before
April The exports OF wheat from st.
Petersburg amounted to eight million bush
els for the year.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04
--FHs.-1---sea

OWING to the light fall of snow the ground
is very dry, and there is some danger OF
winter wheat killing ont. Ii, in addition to
this absence of snow there was good deal
of wind, the danger would be much greater.
Should the weather remain calm, however,
all may be well.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

Ir is mistake to allow the fences to tum-
BILE down during the winter and stock to
roam at will through the premises. The
farmer should make it rule to repair the
fence whenever broken, whether in winter
or summer.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

EVERY farmer should keep an account OF
his outlay and income during the year, in
order that lie may know what he has made.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

THE farmers are having an excellent win
ter for improving their farms, and when
spring comes should certainly have every
thing in readiness to put in a crop.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

How many farmers are there in Montana
who have kept their farm accounts in such
shape AS to be able to tell how much profit
they have made on their labor during the
last twelve months.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

THE items of expense on the farm for i'm
provement should be kept separate from the
crop expense account.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

SUCH farmers as neglected to sow lot of
early garde.. seed in November can do so
now. Seed sown in the fall or winter will
be ready to come forth in the spring as
seon as the season will permit.
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

TURN over a new leaf.

So UARE up accounts and commence the
new year tree from debt ... ..,
Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1883-01-04

The ROCKY MOUNTAIN HUsBANDMAN is designed
to be, the name indicates, husbandnan in every
sense of the term, embracing in its columns every
department. of Agrieultre, Stock -saisil.g, Horti-
culture, SocM and Domestic Nconony.
ADVERTISING RAMaS
The Austin weekly statesman. (Austin, Tex.) 1883-1898, 1883-12-13
Coffee and Alcohol in Brazil.

According to the statement of the
vice director of the Rio Janeiro facul-
ty of medicine, it appears that in
Brazil, where great quantities of
coffee are used and where all the in
habitants take it many times a day,
alcoholism is completely unknown; it
is further stated that the immigrants
arriving in that country, though
beset with the passion for alcohol,
contract little by little the habits of
the Brazilians, acquiring their fond
ness for drinking coffee and their
aversion for liquors; and as the
children of these immigrants brought
up with coffee from their early years
never contract the fatal habits known
to their parents, it would seem that
the number of drunkards in the coun-
try is in inverse ratio to the amount
of coffee consumed. A South Amer
lean correspondent of the Medical
Times confirms the above statements,
asserting that the number of cafes in
the large cities of BraZil-where null
titudes of persons f.om the highest
dowa to the lowest classes go in to
to take cup of that delicious bever-
age which none but Brazilians know
how to make properly-is enormous,
while drinking saloons or bars are
very few, and their patrons fewer
still.
If the above is correct, our temper
ance advocates might take a useful
hint. Less oratory and more coffee
would give better success to their eff
forts The opening of cheap coffee
house alongside Of every gin mill
might have the effect to dry up the
liquor business.
The Austin weekly statesman. (Austin, Tex.) 1883-1898, 1883-12-13

terprise and necessity for atmospheric
conditions to be wholly changed in
the West. The growth of trees there
would wholly change the country.
Its soils are the richest in the world,
and arridness may be driven away by
tree production. To make the destruc-
ton OF forests more complete the fed
eral government protects the lumber
Lien by excluding, under this iniqui-
tous system of tariff, the importation
of Canadian lumber The effect OF
the repeal of the import duty on lum-
Der would be to protect, in a great
measure, our forests. Lumber would
become cheaper and better, and
more Improvements would result
But we are told by the advocates Of
this system of protection that forests
must go and natural conditions be
changed, in the interest Of monopoly.
Not only are all the necessities OF
agriculture and the home made ex
pensive by this tariff System. but the
lumber with which we build our
homes are made to contribute its
quota to the protection till.
The Austin weekly statesman. (Austin, Tex.) 1883-1898, 1883-12-13

of glory and abuse l was getting from
Democrats like WintersmiIh and
Ochiltree, and the element supporting
them.
Now bear in mind, l could not get
the books in time to distribute them.
| spoke to Democrats about it at the
time, and they agreed that it was
something left over that was sent out.
You will bear in mind also that the
Democracy of Texas have no fund,
but the funds come out of the chair
man, while other states pay the chair
man for distributing the funds. / re-
greet that our congressman should
have selected Mr. Wintersmith an
Ochiltree satellite, and left Mai. An
drew J. Dorm, the hero of two wars,
and Democrat, out in the cold. Our
representatives read the Washington
dispat ches to the Galveston News at
the time, and knew that Wintersmith
was the correspondent. If they could
vote him in with this knowledge they
have the right of the stretch of con-
science, and l have not made any per-
sonal objections to Wintersmith, but
HI is paved with just such Demo
Gratis. JNO. NJ. CLAIBORNE.
The Austin weekly statesman. (Austin, Tex.) 1883-1898, 1883-12-13
A WOman's Prison.


Some 10000 women pass into this
little reception room every year, some
in finery, some in rags; some fearful
and detected, others callous and SEEM
ingly Indifferent; and a few obStrep-
may be, however, or whether easily
turn to go and taGe bath and dress
in prison garb, which outwardly con-
sists of dingy blue cotton dress and
small white cap. A woman in jail
does not, of course, have her hair cut
as man would, unless-as now and
then occurs-the cleanliness of prison
cells demands it to some extent. They
all have a bath, however, and don
clothes being put up in a
neat bundle, registered and
numbered, and slowed away in an
the purpose, ready for resumption
prisoner is next weighed and measur-
ed, and the results entered on the
prison books as a means of testing by
comparison with similar measure
ments of weight and height when
they leave the effect of prison fare
and prison life upon them. Some OF
the women offer good deal of resist
ance to this proceeding, and now and
then a first experience of prison resi-
dence has in consequence to be made
inside one of the punishment cells.
One or two of these are on the top of
the building, and violent culprits are
not easily got up to them, and when
they are up are well placed for max
| ing themselves heard far and wide,
and, as may be supposed, they often
indulge in torrents of the foulest Ian
guage. This is a great mistake in the
planning of Westminster prison.
There are, however. some punishment
cells in the basement, and these are
certainly fearful looking places. They
are merely brick vaults, with iron
opaque glass in the back end. They
are whitewashed, but have no furni-
ture of any kind. Four and twenty
| hours is the maximum period
| for which incarceration here may be
awarded at one time, and it is usual
/ Iy sufficient to reduce exuberance of
spirits within manageable limits,
though not always. Now and then a
woman viii be found to rave, and
sing, and shout pretty sturdily
through her imprisonment in one of
these dark and lonely cells. and come
up as fresh as daisy, and as abusive
and defiant as ever. 1t rarely hap
pens, however. Perhaps fifty times
in the course of a year these punish
ment cells have to be resorted to, and
in most of these cases this close con-
finement in darkness and solitude,
with bread and water for food, have
the desired effect. If not there are
solitary confinement cells which are
light and spacious. and in which a
prisoner may be confined in absolute
solitude for a month, speaking to no.
body and seeing nobody but the war
der Drinking meals.