davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

From the above it will be seen that the
mackerel catch up to this time is only 55.ss7
barrels against 1s3,454 barrels for the same
time last year, falling off of 127,b67 barrels.
But 1t will also be noticed that the catch OF
1880 up to August was only 1851 barrels. and
after August was 3o4, O97 barrels-sc that there
is yet time enough for very large catch, If
the fish will only show up in sufficient guam
titiaa
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
Real Estate Transfers.

The following transfers of real estate in this
county have been recorded at the Registry Of
Deeds:
Portand-Thomas Pagan to John e. and
Mary A. Cady, land and buildings. Consider
alton $500.
Deering- Francis II. Bailey to Benjamin Fl.
Huston, lot of land, Consideration 81 ,848 rs.
Windham VIM. s. Cobb to Augustus o.
Jones, land and buildings. Consideration
$3.50.
Augustus @. Jones to Clara d Irving, land
and buildings. Consideration $50.
Raymond-John Woodman TO David Duran,
lot of land. Consideration 1925.
Peaks Island-May Chapman to VIM. T.
Howell, lot of land. Consideration ST..
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
Sagacity.

One night last week kitten was chased by
dogs and took refuge in a tree on Park street.
There she chung in the crotch of two of the
topmost limbs She did not dare to move and
remained all night IN her uncomfortable posi-
ton, crying and wet through by the heavy
showers In the morning the kittens mother
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
The Madison Wooden Mills.

At the adjourned meeting held at the Madi-
son House, August I'd, it was unanimously
voted by the stockholders to increase the capt.
tai stock S25, GOO, making the amount of capt.
tai 100000, and to give the present stockhold-
ers the right to take their pro rata of new
stock for twenty days The mill is running
all the machinery with good prospect Of a
successful seasons work.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
Concentrated Hlactric Lirht comma,

Consolidated Electric Light Company.
The Consolidated Electric Light Company
of Maine was organized at the Office OF Clar-
ence Hale, ESQ.,, Saturday. The design of this
company is to put "plants' into all the cities
OF Maine the same as in Massachusetts. The
capital stock is 100000. The officers elected
are:
President-George A. Thomas.
Secretary-Clarence Hale.
Treasurer--J. s. Staples.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
City of Portland.

~ Office is hereby given that the joint standing
committee on laying out new streets, to whom
was referred the petition of ID. r. Wallace and 9th
ers praying for the laying out of public street or
way on Long Island, will meet at said island at the
head of Ponce's Wharf. so called, on TUES
DAY, the fourteenth. day of August A. ID. 1883, al
~ O'Clock noon, then and there to hear all persons
interested in said street way and will thereafter
determine whether public convenience and necesi-
ties require that said street should be constructed
and II they shall adiudge will lay out such street
and nx the damages as required by law
q. w. DFERING, Mayor
ROBERT NJ. GOULD, Committae
JOHN @. TUKESBURY, on
AUGUSTINE d. SMITH, 7 LAYING ont
FRANKLIN SIMONDS, New Streets.
JAMES COMEDIAN,
aug6dtd
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
MACKEREL.
Great Falling off in the Catch.

The following statement, made up by Mr..
wilcox, Secretary of the Boston Fish Bureau,
giving the New EnglaRd catch of mackarel up
to August for the present year compared with
the catches for number of years previous, is
of considerable importance at this time:
Mackerel catch by New England feet up to Aug, J.,
1883, and after August in other years:
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

The Nova Scotia Steamship company has
purchased the iron side wheel steamer Secret
and after thoroughly overhauling it will run
in connection with the Cleopatra on the line
from Boston to Annapolis, N. S. The Secrets
is very fast boat, and was formerly block
ode runuer.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
CONCENTRATED
EX T r ACT j A.
MA1CA GINGER.

The Delicious Family Medicine
prepared fr0m the true Jamaica
Ginger, combined with choice arO-
MATES and genuine French Brau-
dy, rendering it vastly superior to
all other preparations of Ginger
now before the public.
1t instantly relieves Cramps,
Collie, Cholera MOrbus, Diarrh@a,
Dysentery, and all Summer Com
plants. Induces cOpiOus perspir-
atien in sudden colds and chills.
An invaluable remedy in Flatu-
leucy, Dyspepsia and Sluggish Di-
gesti0n.
a delicious Stimulant and Tom
ic, capable of destroying an appe-
tite for intOxicants by its infiu-
ence on the stomach and organs
of digestion.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

Friday morning at Saccarappa boy by the
name of Alden Barbaska got kicked in the
mouth by one of HezelLons &Dre er's horses.
DIR. Horr dressed the wound.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
Thirty Beds for Women with Chronic
Diseases.

Aurdock's Liquid Food and Common Food
ANY physician who has a worthy case that will
not Yield to treatment can have bed assigned If
any are vacant.
ANY physician can visit our hospital from 10 A.
NJ to P. NJ. daily, by applying at our office.
Patients can receive any clergyman they may pre-
fer. Our attending physicians are members of the
Massachusetts ard Suffolk District Medical Socie
ties.
Monthly reports will be published of the condi,
ton of all patients.
At the request of any physician who has net tried
our Extract and would like to do So we viii deliver
sample bottle to the express in Boston, free. We
will also send, free by mail, essays from medical so
cieties and testimonials from hospitals and physi
clans, OF chronic cases treated with Liquid Food.
Lqued Food is Beef, Mutton. and Fruits, raw
condensed many fold, aud free of insoluble matter
IL can be retained when the stomach is so weak
that it will refuse water furnishing nutrition with
out the labor of digestion, making blood faster than
all preparations known. 1t is the only food that
will relieve the consumptives from hunger
Ask your druggists for Essays and Testimonials
from Medical Societies, Hospitals and Physicians
1oz., Is cts; Coz, 55 cts. IL o.. sl.o0.
AUG TIM
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

Every lawyer, every minister, every stump
orator, and every singer, are loud 10 the praise
of Adamson's Cough Balsam.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
SATURDAYS GAMES.

At Detroit-Phiadelphi 3, Detroits O.
AT Chicago-Chicagos5 3, New Yorks 8.
At Buffalo-Providence II, Buffalos 16.
AT observation-disclosures I, Clevelands 8.
The Deerings were announced to pay the
Dennisons at Presumpscot Park Saturday
afternoon. There vas large attendance
The Deerings failed to show mp with their
regular nine and picked nine was made up
from the field. good game was the result
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
wSM&w1y

Imitation. 1t is the fate OF all articles of
merit to be copied by interruptions imitators.
Hub PUNCH is no exception to the rule. Be
sure you secure the genuine OF Grocers OF
Druggists in bottles only. au6M tt, F&w
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

UNITED STATES ENGINEER OFFICE,
NO. S6 State Street. BOSTON, MASS, Aug. q 1883,
SEALED PROPOSALS, in triplicate, addressed
- to the undersigned, viii be received at this Of
nee until IL O'Clock noon, on Wednesday, the 22nd
Gay of August, 1888, for dredging about So, 900
cubic yards in Boston Harbor Mass. Persons de-
string TO make proposals for this work are reques-
TED 10 apply to the undersigned at this Of
nee for specifications, instructions to bidders, and
the requisite blanks, and such further information
as may be desired concerning the same.
aug6 d6t
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

HARPEn's BAzAR.-This beautiful weekly
publication is a welcome visitor to the parlor
circle. The number for the ensuing week has
been received by N. G. Fessenden, 4s4 Con-
gress Street.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

The League Pennant.
The following shows the standing Of the
league clubs TO July 3d.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
Death OF Collector Havcocl

Death of Collector Haycock.
Hon. Willis M. Haycock, collector OF Gus
toms for the Passamaquoddy district, died sud-
denly of heart disease in Calais on Saturday
night, aged SO. He leaves a widow and six
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

s'Royai Baking Powder
Cream OF Tartar
Bicarbonate OF Soda
Carbonate of Ammonia
Tartasic Acid
Starch
Available carbonic acid gas 1910 per cent,
equivalent to 1l6.2 cubic inches of gas per OF.
of Powder.
Ammonia gas 0.43 per cent, equivalent to
1914 cubic inches per w. of Powder.
Note.-The Tartaric Acid was doubtless in
troduced as free acid, but subsequently COM
bined with ammonia, and exists In the Powder
as Tartrate of Ammonia.
e. G. LOVE, Phi. d.
New YORK, JAN'Y 18TH 1881.
The above analyses indicate a preference for
"Cleveland's Superior Baking Powder" and
our opinion is that it is the better PREPARATION.
Halls Journal of Health.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
The Best Baking Powder,

The best baking powder is made from pure
Cream OF Tartar, Bicarbonate of Soda, and
small quantity of f1onr or starch. Frequently
other ingredients are used, and serve purpose
in reducing the cost and increasing the profits
of the manufacturer.
We give the Government Chemists anal
uses of two of the leading baking powders:
have examined samples of "Cleveland's
Superior Baking Powder" and "Royal Baking
Powder" purchased by myself in this city, and
find they contain:
CieveIands Superior Baking Powder,
Cream Of Tartar
Bicarbonate of Soda
Flour
Available carbonic acid gas 1851 per cent,
equivalent to 1852 cubic inches Of gas per OF.
OF Powder.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

ADVICE TO MOTHERS Mrs. WNsLow's
'ooTHrNa SYRUP should always be used when
hidren are cutting teeth 1t relieves the lit
sufferer at once; it produces natural. quiet
spb relieving the child from pain, and the
lie cherub awakes as 'bright as BUTTON
is very pleasant to taste. 1t soothes the
hid, softens the gums, allays all pain, relieves
Wind, regulates the bowels, and is the best
known remedy for diarrhoa, whether arising
from teething or other causes. twenty-five
cents bottle.
deco WSM&w1y
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

ENTERTAINMENTS.
Foreseeity Amusement Co--30 Stars.
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS..
Owen Moore & Co.
Sale-DIllstt d Little.
Ben's Self washer-Hcwes, Hilton & harris.
Lost.
City of Portland.
Proposals for dredging.
Florida--Buttler & Gruelle
Removal-Dr. NJ. c. Pingree.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06

Enterprising local agents wanted in this
town for an article that is sure to sell; live
druggists and grocers preferred. Address Hu-
mission Food Preservative Co., 70 Kilby Streets
Boston. jy30-daw1m
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
DR.. w ELLIN G.
TOMS CHOLERA
MIXTURE.

For Disrrh@a, Cholera MOrbus,
Cramps, Dysentery, Violent Purg-
ing Pain in the bowels, sc.
This is the most valuable of all
the varieties in use, stands unriv-
allied and is particularly recon-
mended for children Buy it. Try
it and you will find it a household
necessity.
The three preparations above
can be found at just one place in
the City,.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06


fants from the North End Mission
District.
Treatment and Food
Murdocks Liquid Food. with DAT or Barley Cruel
of the density of milk To each wine-glass add one
quarter to one half teaspoonful Liquid Food.
Not a case Of Cholera Infantum known during the
last three years where Liquid Food has been used;
nor death from Cholera Infantum when prescribed
by physician,
The ablest writers on Cholera -Infantum recognize
it now as milk poisoning showing the cause of the
great mortality in infants brought up by hand.
This is confirmed by results at leading Nursery
Hospital. We extract from their last report: "Of
the twenty-seven bottle babies twenty-four died
during the year.
The Portland daily press., 1883-08-06
CITY AND VICINITY.


For other Local Matter see First Page.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31
COLUMBUS.
The Final Footings on the Late Eleo-
tiOn.

ton.
COLUMBUS, o., Oct. 25.-The official re-
turns, with their fOOtings, show that
Martin, for Member of the Board of Pub
lie Works, led his ticket, and that War
wick was the lowest, as follows:
GOVernOr-HOadly, d., 359,693; For
aker, R., 347, 1852; Schumacher, p, 1852;
Jenkins, g., 1887; scattering, IL. HOad-
ly's plurality, 1880; majority, 1920.
Lieutenant GOvernOr-WarWick D.,
356, Alb; Rose, R., $4,000; Ogden, p. s.
38l; Baker, G., 1884; scattering, 81.
Warwick's plurality over. Rose, 6,4O4. He
lacks 1875 of having a majority over all.
Supreme Judge (shOrt term)-FOllett,
D., $780, ,402; UpSOn, R., 346, ,431; Payne, p,
8,203; Cha mberlain, g., 2,940; scattering,
620. FOllett's plurality, 1891; majority,
2,20S.
Supreme Judge QOng term) Owen, D.,
359,670; Doyle, R., $500; Montgomery,
p, S2l6; GrOgan, g., 1884; scattering,
6. Ovens plurality, 1850; majority,
1,754.
Clerk of Supreme COurt-Cruikshan
D., 360,093; CrOWell, r., 347, ,419; Black
ford, p, 1924; Bentz, G 2 975; scattering,
4. Cruikshanks plurality, 1854; ma
jOrity, 1,4l0.
Attorney General-Lawrence D., $780,
1874; Earnhart, R., 1889; ROsebOrOugh,
p, 7944; Tuttle, G., 1913. Lawrence's
plurality, 1855; majority, 1876.
Auditor of State-Kiesewette D.,
800, ,3l9; Oglevee, R.. 346, 1923; COler, p, g.
301; Rhodes, g., 1880; scattering, 4O3.
Kiesewetter's plurality, 1896; majority
,S02.
Treasurer of State-Brady, D., 359, ,S4S;
Brown, R., 34S, 1899; Wilton, P, 8,2S9;
Seitz, g., 2,947; scattering, .. Brady's
plurality, II ,449; majority, POS.
School missiOner-BrOWn, d., 309,-
779; DeWOlf, R., 347, $50; NestlerOde, p,
S,219; Case, g., 1913; scattering, IA.
Browns plurality, 1929; majority, l.
O73. ...
Member Of the Board of Public Works
Martin, D.. 800, ,7O7; WeltZ, R., 346,806;
Cruzen, p, 1858; Scribner, g., 3,Ol0;
scattering, 80. Martins plurality, 49,
901; majority, 2,6O6.
While Martin has the largest majority
over all, FOllett leads in the plurality
over his opponent, UpsOn, but there were
615 votes cast in Warren county for j. f.
UpsOn instead of W. H. UpsOn, which
were counted as scattering, and 1888
votes cast in Holmes county for John G..
Ogleyee, instead of John +. OgleVee, for
Auditor of State, which were counted as
scattering. There are some odd names
in the scattering vote. Durbin Ward got
several such for Governor.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31

value of which is $1,O2O,O0O. Fully
three-quarters of his Indebtedness is to
banks for money borrowed on collateral.
He says his unsecured debts will not
exceed $4,000.
ATwATER, Oct. ga Mr.. Nash, well
digger, who resides in RaVenna, has
been digging a we'll on the farm of A. A.
KitZmiller in the northwest part of At
water. This morning he was going
down to commence digging, when a few
feet below the surface he met the damps
and fell out of the tub to the bottom,
some thirty feet, and before he could be
reached death ensued.
MILLERTOwN, Oct. 29.-J. d. Curran, a
prominent blacksmith of this place, aged
60 years, was found hanging to a rope
around his neck, in the stairway of his
house, where he had committed suicide.
His family had been absent during the
day and on returning home in the even
ing they found his dead body. Mr.. Cur
ran was highly respected citizen, and
it is supposed he committed the deed
while in fit of temporary insanity.
COLUMBUS, Oct. 29.-The Auditor of
State has just completed table show
ing the enumeration of male inhabit-
ants over 21 years, as taken by the as
SCISSORS of the several townships and pre-
cincts and wards of the state for the
year 1888, which fOOts up as follows:
Total, S03,633; white, 7S6,O50; cOlOred,
1883. This enumeration Is taken eV-
cry four years. In 1879 the whole num-
Der of male inhabitants was 725,5S0;
whites 693, 1872; cOlOred 15,342.
ASHLAND, Oct. 29.-GeOrge A. Horn
was sentenced yesterday morning to be
hanged Feb. 8th, between the hours of
10 and o'clock. After the sentence
was pronounced the crowd in the gal
lery applauded. Horn arose and said:
This may be fun for the crowd, but it
is not for the prisoner, you bet" He is
but "a years old, slightly built and
good looking. He was terror in the
vicinity of Polk. 1t is intlmated con-
fessiOn involving other parties will be
made.
COsHoCTON, Oct. 29-Samuel Newton,
farmer of JacObspOrt, this county, was
arrested at that place on a charge of as
saulting Mr.. Casper Apis, very old
farmer of this county. Newton and Apis
began quarrelling over settlement, and
Newton became enraged, and assaulted
Apis with corn cutter, cutting his
face, head, neck and arms in a fTightful
manner. He then drew shot gun on
Apis, and snapped the trigger twice, but
the barrel was not loaded or Apis would
have been shot dead.
BALTIMORE, Oct. 27. The ObseQuies of
Mrs. David Moses, nee Gray, the 5l7-
pound bride, who was so well known
throughout the country in connection
with her marriage, which occurred one
month ago upon the stage of a museum
in New York, and who died yesterday
morning, took place this morning. An
immense crowd blOckaded the vicinity
of her boarding house. A large police
force was present to preserve order, and
only those connected with the press or
the museum and friends of the deceased
were allowed to enter the house.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31
A SCENE IN A oANADIAN COURT.
The Judge Refuses to Receive Verdict of
Murder.

Murder.
OTTAWA. Oct. 2S.-The scene in the
Court of AssiZes to-day at the cOnclu-
sion of the trial of Morgan for the muir
der of MarOney in Toronto in August
last, was one of the most extraordinary
that ever occurred in Canadian court.
The jury went out about an hour, and
returned witha verdict of murder, with
a recommendation to mercy. Judge Gait
said: Gentlemen, cannot accept that
verdict; you had better retire and re-
consider It,"
Queens cOunsel-But, my Lord, L
move
Judge-Mr. Britton, stop. You have
nothing more to do with the case. I'll
take the responsibility of the case.
Queens COunsel--But | submit there
is evidence which warrants the finding
of the jury.
Judge-NO such thing. Gentlemen,
you had better retire again.
For two minutes not a juror moved,
each man sitting rigid on his seat with
eyes cast down. The prisoner, who had
examined each juror as he entered the
court, gave slight start as he heard
the verdict. look Of surprise stole
over his face. which actually changed to
broad and humorous grin when his
LOrdship declined to receive the verdict.
Seeing that the jury made no movement
to leave, the Judge remarked that if they
were determined to stick to their verdict
he would not pass sentence eff death, at
least until he had consulted his brother
Judges. At this juror arose and said
that a doubt existed in the minds of
some Of them as to the evidence of haV-
ing shown the existence of malice,
upon which Judge Gait said that was
the whole crime, and insisted on their
retiring again. They had been out only
few minutes when the Judge sent for
them and recharged them, and half an
hour after they returned with verdict
of manslaughter. In this charge the
Judge explained the great discretion he
had in sentencing a prisoner for man
slaughter, saying that lie could give the
prisoner anything from a fine of shil-
ling to Imprisonment for life.
After the last verdict had been return
ed prominent lawyer remarked, my
lord, you had better complete the farce
and fine the prisoner that shilling"
The prisoner was sentenced to five years
in the penitentiary.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31
AN AWFUL EXPLOSION.
Twlve Thousand Pounds of Dyna-
mite Explode.
Five Men Blown to Atoms-The Shock Felt
so Miles Away-Trees and Tele-
graph Poles Uprooted.

PITTSBURGH, Oct. 29.-At Brooks tun-
mel. So miles from Pittsburg, on the
Baltimore 81 Ohio railroad, 1900 pounds
of dynamite blew up yesterday, killing
five men. They belonged to crew of
freight train and consisted Of Geo. Rey-
nOlds, engineer, of Confluence, Pa; Ham
mOnd, watchman; Tice, flagman, and
two blacksmiths. The bodies were blown
to atoms. Trees and telegraph poles
were uprOOted and blown into the river.
Windows were broken in houses seven
miles distant. Dishes ratified on tables
10 miles away, and the shock was dis
tinctly felt 10 miles distant. The cOTO-
ner's inquest was accidental discharge
of gun" the theory of the explosion.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31
CANTON, OHIO, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 81, 1883

west of Cambridge city, late yesterday
afternoon. That he was murdered the
are several ugly gashes about the head,
and the neck was broken. The murder
is supposed to have been committed for
money, but an examination of the vic
TINS clothing by Sheriff German and
the Coroner, DR.. Taylor, showed that the
perpetratOr of the crime failed to secure
all his booty, if any, as $40 was found
snugly sewed in the lining of his pants.
The general appearance of the body in
dicates the man to be mechanic, but
nothing could be found to further iden-
tify him. No clew to the murderer.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31

Rev. Daniel Utter has aroused great
deal of criticism by his removing the fa-
natical glamour that has long surround
ed John Brown. His review of the muir
derOus aggression of Brown in Kansas
came at time when the new genera
tiOn was TiDe for some Niebuhr to elimi
nate the mythA fGr ante bellum history,
aud when the sObered minds of true
citizens, intent solely on this country's
welfare, are ready to Teadjust the per-
versions and misconceptions of a
past period. With the mental equipOise
that always marks a period succeeding
a time of storm and stress, the people
will prove that Democracy has not been
so reasonable as New England deV Otees
of the higher law" have been wont to
asseTt.-COlumbus Times.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31
ONE VICTIM MORE,
The Baby of the Murdered Mr.. and Mrs.
williams Dies From Exposure.

The Baby of the Murdered Mr. and Mrs.
Williams Dies From Exposure.
NAPOLEON, o.. October 29.-The news
of the death Of the poor little babe that
was left by the murder of Mr.. and Mrs.
Williams near WauseOn, this county, to
staTVe to death, has excited the indigna-
tiOn of the people to the highest pitch.
1t will be remembered that after having
murdered the farmer and his wife in
the most brutal manner the heaTtless
miscTeant left their three months old
babe lying on the bed and it lay there
without care or food for two days all
alone in the room with the lifeless body
of the murdered mother. When found
the babe was still alive but very weak,
and although kind hearted people did
all they could for it, the poor babe pined
away and died Saturday morning. The
news of this has aroused many persons
almost to a frenzy. RumOrs are rife
that an organization is secretly form
ing and if the peTpetratOr of the horrible
butchery is discovered he will encOun-
ter swift and sudden vengeance. There
will be no laws delay nor taTdy justice.
The chain of evidence duplicating John
son has as yet many missing links.
Aside from the detectives many citizens
are privately at work trying to ferret
out the butcher. A scene of horror
over the atrOcity of the crime the saw
age nature of the wounds, when taken
in connection with the amiable charac-
ter of the victims, prevails throughout
the county. 1t is we'll for the suspected
party that he was removed to WauseOn.
His explanation of the manner of get
ting possession of the articles belonging
to the Williams family is not believed.
There were fresh rumOrs last evening
of additional testimony fixing the crime
on Johnson, for the murder of Harvey
Williams.
The Stark County Democrat. [volume] (Canton, Ohio) 1833-1912, 1883-10-31
STRUCK BY A FREIGHT AND KILLED.

ALLIANCE, O., Oct. 28.-A baggage
agent named Baker, in the employ of the
Pittsburgh, Fit. Wayne 81 Chicago Rail-
road, was instantly killed at Beaver Falls
yesterday. He had started for pas
senger train on the outer track to deliver
a message when local freight train,
backing down on an intermediate track,
struck him with the above result. The
engineer of the freight was arrested, he
having given no signals.