Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-05-08
A SACCHARINE SUBJECT.
AxtelI Again DiscOurses on Evaporators
and Clarifying

eNapOratOrs and the CLARIFYING nrocess
with orders for seed. They reach from
the Carolinas to extreme Florida. and
snow the widespread circulation of vour
valuable paper, and the growing interest
IN this new industry.
As my time is fully absorbed with nv
work, it is impossible to answer all per-
sonally. l have prepared anotber
article on these points, which l forward
herewith, trusting it may be useful and
instructive to your readers.
EVAPORATORs.
cypress, poplar, or other plank-except
plhe-212 inches by IA to 20 inches wide.
tuS Wiuef the better; corners must be
HdlNeu together water tight: side Dipcps
70 De slotted pa inches wide, 1 inch deep
LOT partitions TO 90 in. EvapOratOrs not
exceeding 10 feet in length require but
one partition. No pan needs over two.
the width Of pans should allow the pal-
Nahlled IRON bottoms to turn up on the
sides = inches. As galvanized iron is i'm
a variety OF sizes, care should be taken TO
nave lI IN one piece. If unable to get re-
= qulred lengths, it should be double rivetad
WIN one inch lap, and sOldered on both
T edSes 10 insure tight pan. The heavier
IHS IRON the better; gauge is best.
T Nhen the frame work is nut together 500
ana even before the iron is put on. Take
strand Of Oakum or soft cloth. slack
4 twisted about the size of an ordinary lead
pencil, tack this in the centre of the hot
tom Ot the frame work and partitions.
Now place your iron on. mailing
VIII Win siAPenny galvanized nails, nail
/ one men apart, on each side
oil the oakum or packing on the
bottom Of the frame and partitions. This
I VIII natten the packing and make a TIGHT
pan. Turn up the iron on outside of
frame with wooden mallet. and nail
the lap ON outside with same size nails
TWO inches apart. Nail packing across
bottom partitions same as sides Rore
your holes for valves in centre of Darti-
lons before putting iron bottom on: also
mole I0r faucet in last compartment. which
should be farthest from the fire. II is
Wen 10 lace the front end of frame at
'front.' OF furnace with sheet iron
70 prevent the wood burning, unless
your draft is well controlled. The valve
hole in partitions is to u inches and
bored one inch from bottom. Make the
valve stem 11aX3X36 inches: put bolt. nut
ana screw on partition (directlv over
waive hOle) four inches from the ton of
partition; round off the bottom corners
to avoid friction with bottom of pan: this
opens and closes by side motion. the valve
being lOOSened or frightened bV the screw
One inch below where the valve handle
strikes the top of partition, down to three
inches from the bottom, cut off One-fOurth
inch from the inside Of the valve handle
Then when the bolt is screwed nm tbe
WnOIe pressure comes against the
valve hole. When properly adjusted
it VIII not have to he c6anged
during the boiling season. Put large
mOlasses gate at the end of the !
last compartment in the extreme bottom |
OF the pan for drawing OFF syrup when !
done. For conductor around the top of the |
pan take or Ia inch stuff, s inches /
VIDE, DeNel the edge One-half pitch, mitre |
the corners tightly, and put this around !
the outside of the pan. so as to stand /
one inch higher than the TOP of the /
evapOratOr This border should slope from |
one to one and half inches so as TO be /
low enough to discharge the skimmines /
that boil over into barrel placed wber |
ever most convenient. Mine is at the /
left side of the mouth of the furnace on /
posite where l put in the iuice.O For dis |
charge pipe, at the low corner Of the con- /
ductOr, bore a hole through its bevel piece.
and into side piece of evaporator so thar /
one half the hole will be in the gutter, The /
hole should be | = inches in bore. hole for
spout = inch, length inches, fit to hole
IN bevel and drive tightly, cutting out
top OF spout in gutter. When the pan
boils over all skim and iuice run
down this conductor to the skim barrel.
Use portable trough from spout to the
barrel, as single spout long enough to
reach from the gutter to the skim barrel
would be I'M the way of walking about the
furnace. The frame should be spiked
thoroughly with forty penny nails.
FURNACE.
This should be constructed the exact
length of the eVapOrsetOr from end TO end.
the inside of furnace s inches narrower !
than the evaporation, giving inches rest
on each side; walls straight all around. >
bricks wide and 212 feet high. The chin
ney may be placed on either side of the
furnace, located near the back wall of the
furnace, leaving the end clear for drawing
on syrup. The back end of the furnace
should be filled with sand, clay or dirt TO
slope from 10 inches, tOinsure good steady
draft. For l6 foot evapOratOr bricks bv
2l2 bricks outside. = brick i'm thick
ness; Hue from furnace to throat cf
chimney to 10 inches, height to be gov
erned by circumstances. Place under the
centre Of each partition of the pan, a cross
piece of iron 2Xl2 inch to support the eva
pOratOr. These irons should extend near
ly across the whole width Of the furnace.
CLARIFYING.
When ready to commence boiling put
few buckets of water in the finishing pans.
Fill first pan within two or three inches
Of the top with juice. Before this prepare
milk Of lime, made by dissOlving we'll
slaked lime with water to the consistency
Of gO0J milk. Strain it thoroughly to re-
move all Jumps or sediment. Always /
keep this on hand. Build gentle fire, |
and as the juice begins to warm, stir in !
with long paddle one gill milk of lime to |
each barrel of juice, or until the Juice
turns TO dark green, or nearly black.
Keep stirring and add about twenty drops l'l
to the barrel of sulphuric acid until the
Juice turns to reddish hue. When it
reaches this point stop stirring, and keep !
the fire low until the skim raises one
or two inches thick. Just before it
reaches the boiling point, put in for each
barrel juice one gill carbonate soda in :
made of one pint water to one
soda. Pour through the CEN !
ire of the pan; this will throw the SKIM
mings at once into the gutter and skim J
Itself. If the pan is not full do not put l
the soda i'm until after you have skinned,
hen add the soda and skim again. This I
gives perfect Qualification and the amber
color. The color may be tested by putting I
m tumbler or thin nat flint glass bottle {
md holding to the light. Judgment :
s required as to the quantity of |
ime land acid used, as juice standing I
Ong requires more. In about five minutes
rom clarifying process draw off water !
rom the finishing pans, open valves and !
lin out the hrsi c0ii0ntFunEiui "a PaIR9 nj, /. .
m again with iuice, and continue the :
orOcess While | am no practlcal cheh- q
ST and have not been guided by the prac- \
-icaI IdOts'' given by our learned doctors, /
/ am indebted to them for the nucleus :
of nv exneriments, which, II lOl- I
lowed as above, have proved eminent
lv successful. with an occaslOnal
exception, namely: There is Win !
..Farlv Amber" as with sugar cane, !
n difference on different lands IN the
quantity of saccharine matter cOhtalheu'
Then again amber cane juice may pc
come soured. or if not sOured lntractaOle
from too long standing. In the latter case |
when the above receipt has temporarily
failed TO produce the proper result III
Given time. | have succeeded lnVarlaDly
ia bringing on perfect claritication by adr
A., two erps well beaten in one pint OF
sweet milk (an old maple sugar process
A soccharOmeter is invaluable Tor USE out
I,oiIino at certain degrees Of Raumer OF
TobraDheit is a little ahead of the small
colo Amber cane is now planted upon,
and we must await the coming oi the
vacuum pans before we can utilize them'
Finest wireclOth-same as used by tIirpeh-
fine men-are indispensable. one frame
shOuld be covered with it TO mt one COM
nartment of pan for filtering juice from
The mill: another piece to run the skim,
r1ings through. Syrup for sugar should
ha rIaced i'm shallow coolers, in lcdFm
1I1ce. for from five to eight days.
P'"''' W. JOHN AXTELL.
Railroad at Auction.
-. lso,- The Mobile and Ala !