Morning journal and courier., 1883-05-18

1
 has amounted to $l, ,657, 493 924. The gold
 mines of Peru were revealed to Europe by | Pizarro in 1513. The gold mines of South 1 America extend throughout its entire territo- I ry. Brazil has yielded from 1513 to the present time $S75, ,0oO, ,0OO of the yellow met al. The annual product of gold in South America at the present time is $4,900, GOO. ] The total product from 1513 to the present | time has amounted to $2, 160, GOO, GOO. The 1 gold mines of North America extend from Costa Rica to Alaska, between the parallels 1 of 8o and 71o of north latitude, and the par
 allels of 820 and 1680 of west longitude com
 prised between the Caribbean Sea and the
 Arctic Ocean, and the Rocky Mountains and | the Pacific Ocean. The Mexican gold mines
 were discovered by Cortez in 1926. Their annual product has decreased from s, ,OOO,- 900 in former times to $500, ,000 at the pres
 ent time. Their total product from 1926 to
 the present time has amounted to $650, ,000&
 900. Gold was discovered in California by
 William Marshall on the 9th day of Februa-
 ", 1S48, at Suffers Mill, on the American
 fork of the Sacramento river, and extends
 from 34o to 400 north latitude. The annual
 product of these gold mines has decreased
 from $81, ,e0o, ,000 in fe5S to $1S, ,o00, GOO at
 the present time Their total product to the
 present time has amounted to $1 800, 000,-
 GOO. The annual product of the gold mines
 of Nevada, Dakota, Colorado, Montana, Ida
 ho, Oregon, Alaska and other parts of the
 United States is estimated to be $17, ,000, ,000.
 Their total product to the present time has
 amounted to $17O, 1000, ,OO0. The. annual pro duct of the gold mines of British Columbia
 is estimated to be $3, GOO, 900. Their total product to the present time has amounted to $48, ,OOO, ,0OO- The annual product of the gold mines of North America is estimated to be $36, 100, ,OO0 Their total product from 1513 to the present time is estimated to be $2, 400, 900, 900, of which $2 1OO, ,O0O, 900 has E haa ol,F loin Thn 1o1 duct of gold in America is estimated to be $41 1000, ,00O-one-third of the entire annual product of the world. The total gold pro- ] duct of America, since the hills of Hispanio Ia were revealed to the eyes of Columbus ! has amounted to $4 86O, 900, 900, one-third of the product of the world since the earliest times.
 Gold was discovered in Russia in. 1743
 near Nertschinsk, alIuvial deposits having l been observed in that year in the Ural Noun tsins. They extend over that parallelogram containing one-ffth of the earths surface, l comprised between the parallels of 5Oo and 60" of north latitude, and between the Volga and Amoor rivers. The gold mines of Rus sia were not generally explored until 1S1oS In 1916 their product was but $50, ,000; at the close of 1923 there was large develop ment in 1880 the annual product was $4,- 900, OOO At that time the deposits of Siberia were discovered, and ct the close of 1840 they yielded greater production than those of the Ural In 1S43 the total annual pro- duct of both regions was SIS, 8,00O,0O0. In 1858 it attained to $36, 900, 900, but since
 that date it has gradually declined, and now l it is but $50, ,OOO. .O00. The total product of the Russian gold mines has amounted to ] $780. .O00,00 The annual product of gold
 in Europe is estimated to be $33, COG, 900 The total product of gold in Europe, from Che earliest times to the present day, has amounted to $4, 100, GOO, 900.
 Gold was discovered in Australia by Ed
 ward Hammond Hargreaves on the 12th day
 of February, 1851. The annual product of
 it's gold mines has decreased from $75, ,00o,-
 GOO in 1853 to $32, 900, GOO at the present
 time. Their total product has amounted to
 $1, 400, 900, GOO. The finest gold was ob-
 tained at Ballarat, and the largest nugget was dug up at Donolly, and weighed 2, AS ounces,
 mines were discovered by Messrs. Hartley and Reilley on the 20th day of August, 1861.
 Their annual product has decreased from SIC, ,OO0, 1000 in 1863 to $6,OOO,O0O at the present time. Their total product has
 amounted to $167, 100000. The annual pro- duct of gold in Asia Gncluding Australia, New Zealand and Ocsanica) is estimated to be $42, GOO, 900. The total product of gold
 in Asia, from the earliest times to the pres
 ent day, has amounted to $2, ,OGO, 900. .o00.
 Gold was considered bullion in Palestine
 for long time after it's associate metal was
 current as money. The first mention of gold
 as money, in the Bible is in David's reign
 (B. 0. 1O56), when that king purchased the
 threshing floor of Ornan for six hundred
 shekels of gold weight ($4, 5OO). Crosus B. 0. 560) coined the golden "stater, which contained 133 grains of pure metal, Darius,
 son of Hystaspes (B. c. 538), coined 'da- ries," which contained 121 grains of pure metal; they were preferred for their fine ness for several ages throughout the East. They are supposed to be mentioned in the Old Testament, under the name of ''drams /" Very few specimens have come down to us. Their scarcity may be accounted for by the fact that they were melted down under the type of Alexander.
 Next were some coins of the tyrants of Sicily of Cello (B. c. 49D; of Hello (B. c. 47S) and of Dionysius (B, c. 4O4). Speci- | mems of the former two are still preserved in modern cabinets. Gold coin was by no means plenty in Greece until Philip of Ma cedon put the mines of Thrace into full ope- ration, about B. 0. 300. There are only about dozen Greek coins in existence three of which are in the British Museum and of the latter two are sfstaters,'' of the weight of 129 grains each. About B. 0. 2O7 gold coins were struck off at Rome and were called taurei," four specimens of which are in the institution before alluded to. Their weight was 124 grains each.
 Gold coins were issued in France by Clo-
 
 were issued by Amalric. the Gothic king in | both countries they were called ''trientes." <" The ftmouton, worth about $9 was issued | in 1156. Gold coins were first issued in Eng. l land in 1257, in the shape of a penny" of | the value of twenty pence; only two speci- | next issued in 1884, of the value of six shiI- | ings. The noble" followed next of the | value of six shillings and eight pence; being | stamped with rose, it was called the t'rose. noble." "Angels" appeared in 1465, of the | same value as the latter The 'royar' fol lowed next, in 1466, of the value of ten shil- ings Then came, for the first tinae. the sovereign, in 1489, of the value of twenty shillings. The crown followed in 1527, of the value of ten shillings. ''Units' and ''ions'' were issued in 1903; the laurel" in l633, and "exurgats in 1642-all of the value of twenty shillings. The guinea, of the value of twenty-one shillings. was issued in coins, except the guinea, were called in and forbidden to be circulated. The present sovereign was issued in 1817 The United States half-eagle was issued in 1793.
 Gold to the amount of $2, IT 1000, 900 was obtained from the surface and mines of the sRrth from the earliest times to the com { nencement of the Christian era from the late of the latter event to the discovery of America, $3, 842, 374 ,0OO was obtained from he date of the latter event to the close of s47, an addition of $3, ,o56, ooo, 900 was ob- aimed the triple discovery of the Califor- lia mines in 1S4S, the Australian in 1851, and he New Zealand in 1861, has added, to the lose of 1882, $5, 1858. .OO0, 900; making rand total of $14, 422, ,374 ,0OO; of which ,6, 439 0O0 900 has been obtained since 1s43. The average loss by abrasion of gold coin is stimated by Professor Bowen, at one-twen- ieth of one per cent per annum and the oss by consumption in the arts and by fire nd shipwreck, at $4, ,O0O, 900 per annum- A ubic inch of gold is Wosth at ea h 11S 14ad fddt r SIS 96 per ounce, $l95 ouoic 1oot' 333, ,5O4, and a cubic yard, $9,004, sos.
 Gold to the amount of $1, ,0s1, ,0o0, 900 is ' stimated to have been in existence at the of the Christian era at the eriod of the discovery of America it had unfinished to $135, COG, ,0O0. After that vent it gradually increased, and in 1900 it ttained to $154, ,O0O, ,00O; in 170O it reached s9s, ,oO0, ,00O; in 1900 it amounted to $1,- 56. 900, 900; in 1853 1t attained to $3, 332,- 70, 900; and at the present time the amount gold in existence is estimated to be $S,- 5. GOO, 900, which, if melted into one mass, ,uld be contained in the basement of Bunk
 Hill monument, which is cube of thirty n &ho IN&s sr,