The Kimball graphic. (Kimball, Brule County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1905, 1883-10-26

dongasdPEpyy Stand.
SEsnmtks &PanRsvisw.
WIS xeryA inhabitants sof
Xmsfsyas snd aGSthay live? are
ons SSsaerally been ap-
spfpached solesy from the point Of view
S6ered ~ discoveries In the United.
e(etes; aud, until within the last three
q fopr years, have been discussed only
al tlsssaender basis of the Calaveras
kill and the implements found in gold
mining Iii California. In the following
aasay propose to deal with them as
p PORTIONS . one great problem. common
to ae Old and new Worlds, and to-
show that the FIRST traces gilman, as yet
discovered, prove him to have lived in
Tire same low stage Of culture on both
sides of the Atlantic, at time when the
hands ofthe geological clock pointed to
the same hour over the greater part Of
the world. The story Of early man in
America Is part Of the greatest story
The first appearance of man on the earth,
20 far 40 he has yet been revealed by
modern discovery.
/. /. .
The change in life has been SO regular,
definite, and orderly in the geological
EAst that it enables Ms to classify the
rocks over the whole world into prima-
IN, secondary, and tertiary groups. In
this last Of these the higher types of
mammalia become more and more spe-
cialixed as We draw nearer To the from
tiers of history; and their pedigrees,
when traced from n period to anoth-
or, assume the slape of genealogical
trees. such as that which Prof. Karsh
has discovered for the horse. The liv-
ing orders first appear in the Eoene,
the living gehern in the Miocene q
few living species in the Pliocene, while
nearly all the living species come in the
Rleitocene division. Again, in the in-
tsrval dividing the last from the historic
period, the domestic animals appear and
the cultivated fruits. and this-the Pre-.
historic--sradually passes into the peri
Cd embraced by the written records. =
The most highly specialized form
In the animal kingdom cannot be looked
for until the lower animals by which he
is now surrounded made their appear
ance. We cannot imagine him toshave
been living in the Eocene age. when
All1Ibdt - llI0 dp llOt satl4 6uAllClCILtv
differentiated to present US with
living genera Of placental mammals.
Nor is there any probability of his hav.
ing appeared on the earth in the
Miocene, because of the absence Of pla-
GENITAL mammals belonging to living spe-
cies. 1t is most unlikely that man should
appear in a fauna in which there was no
other living mammal. He belongs to a
mere advanced stage Of evolution than
that presented by the mid-Miccene of
Thenay in which flint splinters fashioned
by man are said to have occurred. Up
to this time the evolution of the animal
kingdom had advanced no further than
Simiadm in the direction Of man, and
TIE apes then haunting the forests of
Italy, France, and Germany, were the
most highly organized types. We may
also look at t~hesquestion from another
point of view. Ifs mar we're upon tho
earth in the Miocene DE, Il is incredi-
bio that he should mo- lave become
something else whils those changes
were going on in9the conditions of life
by which alls the Miocene land mamma
Lin have been 30 profoundly affected
that they have either assumed new
possible to believe that man Ehould have
been On exception to the law 81 change.
Nor in the succeeding Plioceno age IAN
We expect to find traces of man b
the earth. IS tsThe fossil mar of
Demise" is of uncertain age, and other
alleged cases Of Pllocene man in Europe
have now been given. mp.
The question has, however, been re-
viyed in the United States by Prof.
Whitney in his work on the s'Auriferous
travels of California" and the existence
8ofman in California in the Pliocene age
has been accepted by such high author
tiles as Marsh. lie Conte and others. II
becomes, therefore, necessary for us to
see how the facts will stand the test oil
criticism. nthe first place, it is as.
sumed that the auriferous gravels in the
Sierras, with traces of man, which are in
places 800 feet thick and sometimes GOV.
cred with ancient lava streams, are O
PiOcene age. They are, however, proved
by their fossils, identified by DR.. Leidy
TO have been deposited by the streams
from the Miocene (Elotherium) age
down to the present time. Among the
animalsSwe may nete the skull offs mus
tang, identical with that Of Mexico ant
California. which could not have been bu
J Fied in the grayels of Sierra county be
fore the time of the Spanish conquest
when the living race ofhorses wa intro.
dnced. Consequently the disc ,verer O
human remains in the suriferous gravels
does not prove that man was IN inkapi
tant OF Piiocene America, even if it be
allowed that they are of the same agt
- the strata In which they live. There
q however, no evidence OF this in any
one instan se. The objects themselves
point 70 3 directly opposite conclusion
The famous C%alaveras skull, according
TO Prof. Wyman, is related to the Indi
IN type, with a doubtful affinity witt
1.fe E~squin1aux.. 1t was obtained from
u shaft sunk through three ~alternat,
tfYers OF gravel aud basalt at q deptl
81 one hundred andthirty-two feet from
-, gu rface was associated with the re
ihssins Of other individuals, and hat
tsss kind usually met with in Indian
fssitad near the surface they would have
bep undoubtedly classified with the
sN1iihary traces Of Indians, ami their oc
renee at so great q depth s the SOLE
Gti.se. of their being the object Of specia
crest.
sfor have We to go far to account fol
t}felr presence at great depths. 1t il
yesY strange that Prof. Whitney should
have ignored the fact that mining oper.
atoms have been carried on in those
very districts long before the time o.
= he fortress In 1849," writes School
craft G. Archaeology,n vol. i. p. lO5), 1.-THE
gold diRges IT ono Of the mountain dig.
gings called Murphy's we're surprised Ii
examining . high, barren district Of
mountain, to 6nd an old site of mine,
with shaft 2l0 feet deep, at the bottom
of whichawero . human skeleton, an al
tar and other remains Of an ancient
pcople-probabiy Indians. In other
ancient mines In the western states, q
Dr. Southall has recently pointed out,
human skeleton's have been met with,
which prove that gold mining wa ex-
tensively carried on long before the dis
lovery ofgeld In this present century.