davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
The Peoples Fiat.

Philadelphia Ledger.
The standard silver dollar is, to a certain
extent, fiat money; the trade dollar is in
trinsically worth more than the standard.
and the people by fiat as potent as that of
Congress can Keep it in circulation at par
along with its poorer brother. Pending a
settlement of the question by Congress, the
trade dollar should be given current value
as good and sound policy by all merchants.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

Downing law. A Republican Supreme
Court in Ohio has affirmed the constitution
ality OF the Scott law, and Democratic Su-
preme Court in Missouri has affirmed the
constitutionality of the Downing law.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

wound up with display OF fireworks. Moth
ing happened to mar the enjoyment. Mr..
Hayes said, while | am very weary man,
l must say my visit has been very pleasant.
and the Woodstock people ought 10 appreci-
ate Mr.. Bowen's generosity in catering to
their comfort "
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
Rishop PinekneY.

BALTIMORE, July 4.-Bishop Pinckney
protestant Episcopall of the diocese of
Maryland, died at I this morning, at the
rectory at Cockeysville, Baltimore county.
Bishop Pinckney was a native of Maryland,
and for number of years coadjutor to Bishop
Whittingham. at whose death he became
bishop. Bishop Pinckney resided in Wash
ingtou City.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
Oregon Convicts, Effort to Escape.

SALEM, Ore. July 4-The State prison con-
victs made "A desperate attack on the officers
in an attempt to escape Three were killed.
two wounded, and eight are at large. No
officers were wounded.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
OBITUARY.
John MeMullen, Bishop of the Catholic
Dioeese Of Davenport.

DAvENPoRT Ia, July 4-Bishop John Nc
Mullen, of the Catholic diocese of Daven-
port died at o'clock this morning, after an
illness of more than years duration. His
Silmept was a cancerous affection of the
stomach. The funeral occurs next Friday
morning at 10 O'Clock. He left directions
th-t he SHOULD be inferred in Davenport.
Bishop spaulding. of Peoria, will preach the
discourse.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
WHY shonldn't II work Both Ways?

St Louis Globe Democrat.
It Ohio is to be made Democratic State
by the enforcement of the Scott law, why
shouldn't Missouri be made Republican
State by the enforcement of the Downing
law The Republicans of the Ohio Legis-
lature passed the Scott law, and the DEM
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
A Man with His Exas Ono,

Lonisvie Courier-Journal.
Goethe would never congratulate newly
married pair. Wolfgang appears to have
been citizen who kept his eyes open.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
Warm Weather Greeting.

Kansas City Journal.
DO not shake bands during hot weather.
A lin wet with perspiration is not pleasant
thing TO give or take, and smile and nod
are much better.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
Rowing on Charles River. Boston.

BosToN, July 4.-The rowing regatta on
Charles river was the principal feature of
the day. The first race, professional scullers,
three miles, prizes $3.50 and SO, had four
starters-Fred. A. Plaisted, who had the in
side; George w. Lee. second position; William
Elliott third, and John Mckay the outside.
The race was rowed in spells. Plaisted took
the lead from the start, Mckay second. and
Lee third, but before the stake was reached
Lee had passed both and had the lead to the
finish which was reached in 2o:50; Mckay
second, nearly ten lengths behind, in 21:18.
Plaisted and Elliott, much to the surprise of
the 10000 spectators, dropped out of the race
at the turn.
The second race, angle-scull working boats
three miles with turn, was won by S.
Gookin in 23:04.
The third event was an amatuer scullers
race, won by John Murphy in 22:311.,
The double-scull race was won by Lee and
Mckay in 21:00H
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
FOR RENT.

NOR RENT-THE NATIONAL HOTEL, NOW
IL vacant, adjoining the Union Depot, bY
LORENZ SCHMIDT, 20 s. Delaware street.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
AQUATIC, TURF AND FIELD.
Hanlan, Hamm and Hosmer Pull a
Fine Race at Lowell
TrotuiDG and RunBing Races ut Chicago and
Many Other POints-Base
Ball Games.
AQUATIC RACES.


mer at lowell.
LOWELL, Mass. July 4.-The regatta was
the most successful ever held here. The
principal race and great attraction was the
professional single scuIi, free for all, for
prizes of s400. 5000 and 800, distance three
miles, There were seven entries, but only
five started-Hanlan. Hosmer, Hamm, Con-
ley and Gaisel. of New York. First money
3aad been universally awarded to Hanian, but
there was prospect of a close contest for
the second place by Hamm and Hcsmer.
Spellman, of Halifax, has been coaching
Famm and Conley, and rumor was preva-
lent that they would combine to beat Hos
mer, if possible, to get square
for their defeat at Chicago. namm
was considered the favorite, and
Hosner refused to wager $40 on himself on
Thursday night. Hamm had the best posi-
ton at ahe start, near the Dracut shore; then
came Conley, Gaisel, Hanlan, and Hosmer
Hanlan broke water first at the word so, and
got the lead which he held up to the finish
The other men started even except Hamm,
who was furthest from the starter and did
not hear the word. Hosmer kept we'll on to
Hanlan on the first quarter, Hamm and Con-
ley pulling hard for the third place, leaving
Gaisel behind. and he gave up before going
half mile. The other four men kept on to
the upper stake In the same relative posi-
tions, Hanlan pulling easily. and Hosmer
working like Trojan to hold
Conley and Hamm in the order named.
Hanlan turned first Hosmer second. Con-
ley approached the buoy very leisurely. and
Hamm was around before MIN. The race to
the finish was a sharp struggle with Hamm
to pass Hosmer, but the latter seemed des-
tined to hold the second place. The crowd
on the banks shouted TO HoSmer to ''Do it
or die; you've got him, George" and Hos
mer pulled for all he was worth, and held
his own for half mile two
boat lengths ahead. Hamm apparently
couldn't have worked harder. Hanlan was a
few boat lengths ahead. Hosmer WORKING
easy, with no time to waste and Conley came
leiSurely into the fourth position, not max
ing much effort, apparently. The finish was
splendid. Hanlan squirting ahead at a quick
stroke, and letting more daylight between
him and Hosmer. Hamm also made last
effort to at least shorten the distance with
Hosmer, but was not successful. Hosmer
held the lead, and crossed the line three
boat lengths ahead. Hanlan's time 2l:21;
Hosmer, 2l:24; Hamm, 21:34. Han
Ian said the race between the
two was the best he ever saw,
and thinks Hosmer fairly proved his superb
ority. He believes Hosmer is as good an
oarsman as there is N America, except him
self. If is rumored that Hamm's hackers
offered to match him against Hosmer.
The other races were the single scull, for
Lowell men. and working boats. free-to-all,
two miles Both were won by Dan DriscolL
The four-oared Lowell boat race was won by
the Merrimacks in 14:23K, and the four
cared free-to-all, three miles. was won by
the enterprise, of Salem, in 2l:42H-
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
For City Treasurer.

For City Treasurer.
7 N. PATTIsON WILL Re a CANDIDATE
1s for City Treasurer. subject to tue decision oc
the Republican, dominating euRvenIiun, July 4.
1993
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

INRA NIX A. BLANCHARD WILL BE A CAN
Il didate for City treasurer, subjeet to the de
clsion OF the Republican nominating convention.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

JAMES c. WHEAT WILL BE A CANDIDATE
- for City Clerk, subject 10 the decision OF the
Republican nominating convention.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
For Cltv Clerk.

~ GEORGE T. BREUNIG WILL BE A CANDI-
" date for City clerk, snbteef to the decision II
the Republican nominating convention, July IA.
1883.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

WILL FURNISH MONEY ON FARM Sc
i eurlby. promptly. at TIE lowest rates for long
or snort time. THOS. e. DAY & CO., ~ East
Market street.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
CRAFT & CO.
5oa
No. "a E. Washington 6 =
M
NOTICES.
POLITICAL.
For Mayor

MARQUIS L. JOHNSON WILLBEA CANDI-
Ifl date for Mayor, subject ta the decision OF
the Republican nominating convention.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

! MONEY AT THE LOWEST RATES OF IN
ViBton Block.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

VIZ 8. r. HARRINGTON WILDE A CAND!-
w date for Guy Treasurer. subject to the dr.
csiOn OF the Republican convention, Saturday,
,JulV l. lSS3
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

MONEY TO LOAN ON FIRST MORTGAGE
IfI OF city aud farm property In Indiana and
Ohio. Low interest. JOS. A. MOORE 54 East
Market street.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
WANTED.

w ANTFD-THE CHEAPEST NEWSPAPER
w In the West. the Weekly Indiana STATE
Journal one dollar per year. Ninety cents in
clubs OF five ana over.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

IyTANTED-TO BUY HOUSE, TO 10
w rooIns, for cash; situated in northeastern
part of city, south of Seventh street and west OF
College avenue. Parties having such property
for sale, please address, with description and
price, g. B. MANLOVE, Rooms Nos l and 3.
Thorpe Block.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

A UCTiON SALE-To THE TRADE-WE
A will sell on Friday morning, July 6, Mt 10
in lots 10 suit the trade. general stock Of gro
ceres, and grocery fixtures, embracing tea,
coffee canned goods, starch. wash-hoarGo.
pickles sardines. navoring extracts, brooiRs.
spices, backing, etc. also the fixtures, consist
ing Of, in part, large good ice chest, covered de-
livery wagon, with platform springs; l floor
platform scale, counter scales, and a variety
Of other fixtures. Terms, cash. sale positive.
HUNT a. McCURDY, Auctioneers.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05

rIlO LoAN-$5.OO0 AT LOWEST RATES ON
i city property. V. CARTER, II Vance Block.
MONEY TO LOAN ON CITY OR FARM
M property. U. NJ SFODDARD, Ciaypoot
Building.
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
FOR SALE.

n
EOR sALE-ONLY ONE DOLLAR PER NisAf:
L the Weekly Indiana State Journal. Send tor
The Indianapolis journal., 1883-07-05
ANNOUNCEMENTS.

~, dence, 352 South Meridian street. Office
hours, 8 to 10 a. m, to p. m, TO D. IN.
Telephone.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08
THE MoRTa AGE ON THE FARM.

We worked through spring and winter,
through simmer and through fall;
But the mortgage worked the hardest and
the steadiest of all;
1t worked on nights and Sundays; it works
each holiday;
1t settled down among us and never went
away.
Whatever we kept from it seemed almost as
bad as theft;
It watched us every minute, and it ruled us
right and left.
The rust and blight were with US sometimes
and sometimes not;
The dark browed, scowling mortgage was
forever on the spot.
The weevil and the cut-worm, they went as
we'll as came,
The mortgage went on forever, eating hear
ty, ali the same.
1t nailed up every window, stood guard at
every door,
And happiness and sunshine made their
homes with US no more.
Till with failing crops and sickness we got
stalled upon the grade,
And there came a dark day on us when the
intetest wasn't paid;
And here came sharp foreclosure, and
kind o. lost my hold,
And grew weary and discouraged, and tho
farm was cheAply sold.
The children left and scattered when tEey
hardly yet were grown;
Ny wife she pined and perished and found
myself alone.
What she died of was ga mystery" and the
doctors never knew;
But knew she died of mortgage-just as
we'll as l wanted to.
If to trace hidden sorrow were within the
DOCTORS art,
They had found a mortgage lying on that
woman's broken heart.
Worm or beetle, drouth or tempest, on a
farmers land may fall,
B ut FOR first-class ruination trust mort
gage 'gainst them all.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08

time Dollar per Inch for the first, and 90 cent
for each subsequent Insertion.
Speti Rates for regular Standing Advertisers
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08

Us, CHILDERS. J.D. PULLEN.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08

mucn OF lnem L was not aIFalQ o
them, and even visited them al
their homes. l was told not to b;
afraid, that they were only Quaw
paws, VINO were at peace with all
nations.
At that time the people were de-
pendent on the trading boats for
many things, as dry goods and
other stores were far apart. There
fore keel-boats were fitted up on
the Ohio river 10 .ded WITH
flour, salt, butter, cheese, pickles,
etc. Some of them had counters
and shelves like dry good stores in
cities, loaded with goods, and stop
ped at the different landings all the
way up to Fort Smith. There was
no settlements except on the water
courses.
Well, we arrived at Little Rock
the 3rd day of December, early in
the morning, and landed. The
people thinking it a trading boat
focked to it, as on account of low
water no boat had been there for a
long time. DR.. Cunningham, a res
ident of Little Rock, came on deck
and reached his tin cup through
the window of our cabin and asked
for it to be filled with salt, saying
he had not had any for four weeks.
Ofcourse we filed it.
Among others Mr.. Watkins, the
hotel keeper, and his wife visited
US and asked US to dine with them,
which we did; and 1 divided my
garden seeds with her.
All seemed delighted at seeing
people coming to their country.
M. Sampson Gray, who was liv-
ing on Bayou Palarm, eighteen
miles, from Little Rock, and had
moved there from Little Harpeth,
heard of our being there, came al
the way to see US, and was as glad
to meet US as if we had been rela-
ted. He said he knew some of my
brothers. We were in after years
at his house. His old father was
living with him.
After spending a day or two at
Little Rock we continued our Jour-
ney up the river forty miles, and
there ran aground and could not go
any further on account of the scar
city of water. 1t was at a little
town at the mouth of Kedron creek
called Kedron. l don't remember
more houses than hotel,
kept by Col. Lennon, and private
occupied by a Mr. Bowers,
who went there from Nicholville,
Ky. Court, suppose, was held in
CoLLemmon's house. Lawyers from
Little Rock, Batesville, and l be
lieve beyond Arkansas, operated in
a circuit of three hundred miles
up as far as Crawford court
house, five miles below where we
settled.
Mr.. Crittendon, of Little Rock,
brother of Hon. John j. Crittenden,
of Kentucky, was one of the law
yers. His widow married Rev. DR..
Edgar, pastor of the first Presby-
terian church in Nashville. Col.
Ashly, of Little Rock, formerly of
Missouri. and Col. Dickinson of
Batesv1lle, were lawyers on this
circuit, and Judge Bates of Bates
vile, formerly of Richmond, Va.
and brother-in-law of my husband,
was presiding judge.
1 heard a lawyer one day telling
and laughing about conversation
that took place hetWeen one of their
fraternity and a hotel-keeper when
on their circuit; The lawyer had
gotten a dram soon after setting
out on their circuit; on his return
he wanted another; his host told
him he had no whisky. "Why,"
said he, "you had barrel full when
l left" His host answered, "what
is a barrel full of whiskey with q
house full of children and no milk?"
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08
A Very Effective Hint.

"Don't you think earrings would
become your inquired Kosiusko
Murphy of Birdie MCGEE. Kosius-
ko had been paying Birdie very as
siduous attentions of late.
"Oh, / don't know" replied Bir-
die, demurely.
81 suppose the reason you don
wear them is because it will hurt so
to have your ears bored"
80, not in the least" said Birdie,
with animation. 81 had that
done already quite often, almost ev-
cry. evening, in fact, for the last
three weeks"
Then Kosiusko reached around
to the piano, dragged his hat off oi
the cover, and commenced to fade
gradually from the room. He fairly
melted away into obscurity, ane
now wide chasm separates th'
gallant Kosiusko and the charming
Birdie Texas Siftings.
Even if a boy whistling 81 wan
to be an angel, cit is better to keel
the cookies on the top shelf, and pu
the step ladder in the garret."
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08
Trustees Sale of Land.

By virtue of deed of trust executed to
me by Frances Neeley, dated May %, 1882,
registered in the Registers office of Giles
county in trust deed book "Fn page 102. /
will -ell 20 the highest bidder at the court
house door in nlaski, Tenn, for cash, free
from the equity of redemption.
On Wednesday Nov. 2l 1888.
ALI of the right, title and interest and es-
tate of said Frances Nee'ey in and to a GER
tain tr-ct of land in the frs: civil district of
Giles comfy bounded on the north by David
Elder; east by Widow Pulley; south and
west by Gary Gilbert, fully described in
said deed OF trust, and ali her interest and
estate in and to every part of said land.
Express reference is to made in seid
deed Of trust COR more particular deserip-
ton. Oct. 29, 1888.
S. FEINBERG, Trustee.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08

But whatever comes of this
movement, let US not fail to
attribute 'honor to whom honor is
due" We refer to Hon. L. B. Har-
well, of Giles county, who, as a
member of the Legislature, almost
single-handed and alone, battled
his way over all obstacles until he
succeeded in having his bill requir-
ing the elementary principles of
agriculture to be taught in the pub
lie schools" inscribed as a law upon
the statutes of Tennessee, and who
has ever since ably advocated the
enforcement of this law, wherever
and whenever occasion presented.
Spirit of the Farm.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08
TRUST SALE.

RY virtue of deed of trust executed to us
~ by Jasper N.Yates on July Srd 1888 Note
book &C" page 24o and deed book F page
l22, Registers office, Giles county, Tonnes
public outcry at the court house door in the
town of Pulaski to the highest idder for cash
on Monday. Nov. 5th. 1888. free from the
equity of redemption, the interest of Jasper
N. Yates in tracts of land mentioned and
described in said deed of trust, in the 4th
civil district of Giles county, being the same
land which the said Yates now resides on,
and will be soldsto satisfy the debts speci-
fed in said trust decd.
At j. c. & ]. W. ROBERTS.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08

1t is said that liberal advertising
helps a merchants credit. Many of
the New York wholesale houses
make it rule, when they make in
quiries as to. a customers standing,
to ascertain whether or not he does
much advertising. The habit OF
judicious advertising is considered
part of a business mans capital.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08
In Chancery at Pulaski.
NOVEMBER RIFLES 1883

and Mary J. Abernhthy vs.. Fred
erick K. Daily ct ais.
IN this cause it appearing to the satisfaction
u " the Clerk and Master from an affidavit to
Ihe bill that the defendants Frederick T..
Day and E. T. Taliafsrro are non-residents
oi tne state of Tennessee, so that the ordinA-
~ process of this court cannot be served on
tnem. On motion it is therefore ordered
that pub.icati n be made for four weeks in
succession in the Pulaski Citizen u news
paper published in the town of Fulaski, in
said state, requiring the said defendants TO
be aud appear on the first day of the next
term OF the Chancery court to be held for
the county of Giles, at the court house in
Pulaski, on the Srd Monday in February
next, and answer compliments bill, or the
same will be taken for confessed as 10 them
and set for hearing ex- parte.
R. NJ. STACY, D. G. & NJ.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08
Pig For Pony.

Nh ELL l neverw exclaim-
~ wv ed Aunt Amanda, stand
,H5eHa, ing in tie doorway With
SS2S both hands uplifted.
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08

The tardy return of President
Arthur to Washington recalls the
story of the befuddled husband
who, upon arriving at his front
door very late one night, was con
fronted by his indignant spouse
''And why" inquired the incensed
lady, "why do you come home al
this hour of the nightS" "B'cause,'
explained the demoralized husband
''b'cause all the ozzer places is chic,
shut upr'
The Pulaski citizen. [volume] (Pulaski, Tenn.) 1866-current, 1883-11-08

onee NortheAstCOrnerof of the square. UP stains
TERMS OF sUBsoRIPrIoN:
rwo Dollars per Annum, always In Advance
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1883-08-11

Ten Cents q Drop for Blood.

The suit Of Edward Banks against G
4. Okerberg to recover $3.50 blood mon.
ey was decided in New York on Satur-
day, in favor Of the plaintiff by Justice
Kelly, in the Sixth District court. The
defendant, a clerk ofthe Western Union
Telegraph company, was found uncon.
scious and apparently dying in his room
Feb. IL. He had been suf!ocated by gas,
and three physicians exhausted all ordi-
nary remedies without avail. The man
was IA near dead AZ possible. Heroic
measures were necessary, and trans
fusion of blood was suggested. Banks. a
healthy colored servant in the hotel,
was willing to be bled, and eight ounces
of blood was taken from his right arm.
tranefnsed and Okerberg's life was saved.
Okerterg promised the man $3.50, but
did not pay il. Justice Kelly estimated
the value Of Banks blood at 10 cents q
drop, and l40 drops TO the ounce and So4
al ounce, and allowed the colored man
$50 for blood, $3.50 for services and
nursing, and 80 costs, in all $2O7. 80.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1883-08-11

few OF those highest in authority. Il
was understood that the informer and
his brother were to be shipped 10 some
point in the British colonies, but just
where was a matter Of pure conjecture
to the public at large. No longer ago
than Sunday did the Pioneer Press pub
lish Il dispatch announcing that the
Irishmen of Montreal were greatly ex.
cited over the supposed arrival of Carey
in that city.
Custer chronicle. [volume] (Custer City, Black Hills, D.T. [S.D.]) 1880-1890, 1883-08-11

The man whose violent, but not un.
expected, taking off is thus recorded
scarcely needs an Introduction to the
reading public. James Carey was a
member Of the municipal council OF
Dublin. and was among the score or
more individuals arrested in that city
on the 18th Of January last on suspicion
of having taken part in the assasslna-
OF Lord Frederick Cavendish and I'm
der Secretary Burke on May 6, 1882. On
the 18th OF the month following his ar
rest Carey astonished the world and in
censed the Irish element by turning in
former and giving away his pals"
During the examinations Of February
n March and the formal trial in April
Carey told time aud again the bloody
story Of the Phoenix Park assassination.
dwelling fully and specifically upon
every point needed to fix the guilt upon
the proper persons. Upon Carey's testi-
mony, corroborated Ly the evidence of
his brother Peter, Farrell, Kavanaugh
and other informers, Brady, Curley.
FaSin and Kelly were convicted and in
due time successfully hanged for the
park murders. From the moment that
Carey, to save his own neck, BETRAYED
his associates in the tragedy in the pre-.
paratons for and enactment Of which
he himself bore a conspicuous part, he
was a doomed man.. On the conclusion
OF the trial he was kept in Jail, being al
lowed an occasional mouthful Of air cut
eide the prison walls under police escort.
Eut unless constantly under police pro-
lection, Dublin was too hot for him in
deed, the whole world was not large
enough to hold in safety the man who.
however justly, had sent four of his
brethren in crime to the gallows. The
government appreciated this fact, and in
justice to the fellow, without whose aid
the late trials might not have reached
the satisfactory issue they did, e.erted
itself 70 the utmost To the end that the
spotted ex -councilman, with his iner-
nty obii'erated 50 far as possible, might
pe afforded . secure retreat in some
qnar ter OF the globe, beyond the reach
of'he avsrging Invicihlrs, For the p,st
few reeke s'aYeyts isytrreatou,s have
t~sn appsrsr'iy. rasooa 4 ve ~ n