, 1883-12-27
CI1a2le q gcso- Scuna.


'''" '.-. '.''i-.- '.i-.t -. --I- e --'''t'-
/ o lniaTe-.:
, Tr. conn. '..t:,1 a. tEp [.rIEa-.f "a
. cifr Railroad Las Given q lcw and ia
/ tisu.l. -rI. va nay Justly saw. q world
u l.. igsr.urfar...r f.. lie ,rr..s-f [oTfl.yza,4
whose vast area ii now rrcus rn for I'll.
/ frs time ts :.s. world. ana las cnrceD
. trafeG % Irr.r, -r.~~o IF r.rftIi. attention
upar Til, hitherto 'iifIn considered re-
/ ZION.
The surveyors and builders sont ont
bv the Northern PHclGc Railroad CON
piav. and tie widely circulated report,
mn - G,y- i'.rr7 ~, r-I..fnrl 3, lie cr.iI,fI
| iti.s AMI resource f fEc entire North
r..at rs.-ri.r. NAV I. said Il, Fiavc cifT.sctl1
/ all,- barisha,I tEr idea hold I,y many tI,at
our Northwestern Territories an. IitfIc
/ better than frozen Labrador or the ster,
I IL. REGIONS or R.l.sian Siberia.
We desire to call attention in the fire.
place 60 tho facf. often pointed ont fy
( nbv~:ral -eaeraphars. That the rauuIai
mind L.; arc.rt-I = -!7nDasifion that
| degrees OF latitude frHirafa the relative
! tcmta-aturc Of Localities. When, there
| rara # &, ,.rruaastaI that n onf,narativoIv
! unknown locality, ike PUGET Sound, lies
! in thn same latitude rs Labrador or One
| lee. the Inference Is at once drawn that
| it possesses Il bleak and inhuspitHhlc
| climate. In uoint of fact this conclusion
| i very wide of tIia truth. Tt will not bc
| claimed that the country known rs the
| Great West. taken is a whole, Will com
uare fayorabIy. acre fer acre. with the
grcat central norton of the United
States. known as the Valley of the Mis-
sissippi and its tributaries. hut in de-
| lIis-hffulncss and saiuhrictv of climate,
uauniGccnco Of scenery and variety Of
resources. much of Il exceeds anv Dor
ton of the Great Valley of the Father
of Waters" while the compOsition of the
atmosphcrc. the General te!nparature. and
the sublime and strongly contrasted
scenery, produce an exubarance of
spirits, a luxury of existence, an intense
endowment Of life nowhere else expert
cnccd upon the continent
The rensons of this are that our climate
a,,I,r,ccs y ,,raat ,-ariaIy ,,beuonfeDa and
That ta,oner1tnre Ie,tanIs far les mon
Ja,rccs ,,,,, s'i IF iai;fuJa Ian IUon certain
lines which cIima{oIoaists call "isothcr-
r,nI :, ,hn, II, tbr5Ircb nIaces bayin,,
the s.,,ne. mean arruaI fnnneratur?. ..iso-
sber,r.,i,' Wien drawn throuah places
Ln,,iI,r, tIc same simmer temrerature,
ay,I ,',.b...,;T,,rr yvIIaII fbroudb nIacrs
LnI-;nlr fLe eay,e winter tamDaraiIirc.
TTnIite iLa Iines Of Iatifude these eli
n1fic TnnS fnIIo.,, very eccentric courses.
a,,T II :, y, ra,,1arI,olIe F,,rt fbat the $50
tberTnaI and isnrLemiDa; lines. which on
~ - ,.,,,,t;,,,f FOL
low compaThtiveIv the degrees OF Iati-
tudn bara = verT decided trend TO the
nortbyasf affrr ieavino tIie re.,ion of the
Groat J,alyes ygj,iic in many uIaces on
the Pacilic Coat they run nearIy north
ami eo1Ith TEa northern limit Of profit
ahie wheat cuItura " bich is the is0tEer-
mai of G8 deG. uursucs a very devious
nonrsa ,,,ross the continent. So. also.
10 ;socbar,;roI line which passes
tLr,,,C,L No nit,, of NorfoIl, Viraitia. in
tatitT,ia ~ ,Io[r md crnssas iha ,ortbnrn
cnj of V,ncGnyer island in latitude 81
1or, a ,1ifT;ara,,ca of II DEGREES
In orIcr fo understand rightly the
raosons for these remarkable variations
or TrIrTJy,r7r:r t,,-s.r "a a.ail.l!
that climates. so far as temperature is
concerned. depend mainly upon three
causes:
1st. The action of the suns rays upon
the surface Of the earth.
2nd. The movements Of the earth III
! It's orbit and on its axis.
Sd. The topographical features OF the
earth as to relative elevation and the p0-
sitan and configuration of localities.
| To present the action cf these causes
| in their order we will suppose the rotary
motion of the earth to be suspended, and
| its entire surface covered with water of
! = nniform dcDtb. That portion of the
surfare subject TO thevertiCal :. OF the
SIM becomes greatly heated. hile the
REGIONS north and south are less heated
as Won recede from the equator and the
sun;s raNs strike the surface more OBJ
IiGueIv. The atmosphere within the
troDics new expands by heat. and becom-
iuU HrhtaT ascpnds into the uDper re-
pions. while the lower and cooler strata
flow III from the north and south TO sup
plv the vacuum. Thus is established a
surface current fIom the cooler to the
warmer regions. causing a constant north
wind in the northern hemisphere and 9
constant south wind in the southern
hemisphere. Without counter currents
this process would pile up the entire at
mosphere in the equatorial regions like
an immense mountain chain, having it,
axial line on the equator and extending
Completely around the globe
As it Is, this piling up process result
ing from atmospheric movements and
the rotary motion of the earth, causes
| an euIlltOrlal atmospheric elevation Ol
about four miles, This is proven by the
snow-capped mountains directly on the
line of the equator. But as the heated
air ascends it flows off north and south
down the slopes of this atmospheric
mountain chain, until it reaches the re
gions of greater cold near the poles
when condensing it gradually reaches
the surface of the earth and again re
turns toward the equator as a cold sur,
face current. Thus the simple action oi
the suns rays would produce constant
surface currents from the equator toward
the poles. The same cause would Pre-,
duce somewhat similar oceanic currents
so that the action of the suns rays takeI
alone would give equal climatic condi.
tons in equal ATTITUDES. 1t Will readily
be seen that this constant aerial an(
aqueous circulation must modify the
rigors of the polar regions, and cool tho
parched surface of the tropical area
I 1-I