davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14
What IA NIckel7

Since the convenient five cent coin
which in common talk is called "a
nickel" has come into general circrla-
ton, the question above is asked, either
mentally or orally, hundreds of times
every day, and but few get an intelligent
answer. In China and India, white
copper, called pack-tong, has long been
known and has been extensively used
both there and in Europe for counterfeit
ing silver coin. About the year 100 n
peculiar ore was discovered in the copper
mines Of Sa1ony which had the appear
ance Of being very rich, but in smelling,
1t yielded no copper, and the miners
called it kupfer-nickel, or false copper.
In 17ji, Cronstadt announced the dis
covery of new metal in kupfer-nickel,
to which he gave the name of nickel II
was in combination with arsenic from
which he could relieve it only in part.
The alloy Of nickel and arsenic which he
obtained was white, brittle, very hard
and had melting point nearly MS high
as cast-iron. 1t was not until 1898 that
pure nickel was obtained by analysis of
German silver which had for u number
ofyears, bcenproduced at Subj in Saxony.
Its composition was asccrtaincd to be
copper 10 parts, zinc 5, and nickel 4. II
more nickel be used the alloy is as white
as silver and susceptible Of n very high
polish, but becomes too brittle and hard
to he hammered or rolled, and can be
worked only by casting. Pure nickel is
a white metal with tarnish readily in
the air. Unlike silver, it is not acted on
by the vapor of sulphur, and even the
strong mineral acids attract it but
slightly. Nickel has tho hardness of
iron and like it, has strong magnetic
pr lpartes, but cannot be welded and is
soldered with difficulty. Pure nickel
has heretofore been used chiefly for
plating, for which purpose its hardness
and power to resist atmospheric iniiu-
ences, admirably adapt it. Within the
last year, the French have succeeded in
rolling the metal into plates from which
spoons and other table furniture may he
pressed Nickel bronze, which consists
of equal parts of copper and nickel, with
| Illle llll, HAY nc ciSJ llltO YER ucHCut,
forms, and is susceptible Of high polish
Mines of nickel are worked at Chatham,
Conn, and Lancaster, Pa, and it is said
to be found at Mine lie Motto, No, and
ut several points in Colorado, and New
Mexico, where but little attention is paid
to it. II is extensively mined in Saxony
and in Sweden, but the late discovery
of new ore Ia silicate of nickeD in New
Caledonia will probably supersede all tho
other ones. The inexhaustible supply
of this ore, the ease with which it car
be smelted and the richness of the or,
will probably suspend the use Of tn,
arsenical ores, and yet bring nickel int
common use. Switzerland, in the yea
1852, made coin OF German silver
which is identical in composition will
our nickel coin. The United State
made nickel cents in 1856, and eigh
years later, coined the five cent pieces
Belgium adopted nickel coinage in 1856
and Germany in 1873. England ha
lately coined nickel pennies for Jomaict
but at home she and France adhere I
the clumsy copper small change.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14
And rs he talks the old mans eager eyes
Are looking southwark, where hc hopes 4
Practical Politics.

The domain Of politics is the present.
The politician may know the past and
divine the future, but primarily he must
deal with the present. His operations
are with the real. The men and meas
ures of to-day are before him. 1t is his
promise to deal with them. He must
take them as he finds them. He can
not have them as he wishes them.
There is so much material before Inn,
and it is just this shape. So the practical
statesman finds affairs. He sees at once
that there must be adaptation. The
past is dead The historian can retreat
into it and reconstruct it. There he has
no resistance. Demosthenese does MOI
oppose him. Cicero does not controvert
him. Burke does not beat him down
with his relentless logic. Webster does
not STAY him with u thunderbolt Of his
elOquence. The historian works among
passive material. The philosopher, or
theOrist may rush i'll to the future ana
give TO his ideas what shapes his fancy
may build. There is little resistance for
man in either the past or the future. 1t
is the boast OF politicians that they are
practical. That is what constitutes
them statesmen of the hour. They must
work in the present. If they are practical
they can not work outside Of it. 1t liz
the first qualification Of a ruler that he
should know the temper of the people
over whom he rules. This temper he
must recognize. Failing to do this
murdered Alexander, and causes the
paesent Gar to hide himself from his
people. The man who acts truly for his
time is also building for the future. But
is man seryilc to his age? If so, then
he will not live in the future. The
practical politician too often becomes q
mere idle triller, toying with the present
for tho profit of it, and for the honor
Such men are the weeds on public life
They are neither naples nor oaks
Consider Jefferson. He was man foi
his day. He lived truly the life that was
before him. He did not live in the past
with the Kings of England, but he hung
out his light for the people of his time.
The lamp has never been put out. People
in this country are walking by its light
now. He was n practical man and OPP
posed Capitalization. Then twenty light
years later came Jackson. He was 9
bunglcr besides Jefferson, but he was
practical enough to fight monopoly. He
smote the national bank Here were
two practical men who fought the battle
of the day in which they lived; but the
logic of the events of that day has
reached to the present The better flu
ture is wrapped up in the better now
The practical politician who has Tho
scope to work unsefishly for the present
is also building for the future. He vii
be considered by the historian and TIM
nhilnsnnher. =hlAinRnunAS NernM
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14
Umbrellas.

Tn the seventeenth century an umbrel-
Ia generally measured about four feet IN
height and nearly four yards in clrcu m
ference. It weighed at least four !. pounds as
md cost a sum varying from G2 to to,
and and eve even more. ii was then made Of
lent leather. oiled silk, or glazed paper, and
const;t,,ted an important article OF prop
o out,, honded down as family heirloom
e eor Generations. 1t was in 1880 that
t ~, Paris manufacturers began to reduce
is' size. and to make it Of lighter and
ess pai materials Its , color mao 10
the Ines now in fashion, and the good
pee Of the revolutionary times, & as as
we'll as under the Directory. were re, nee e,
to toll indulge, according to their IAN, fancy I'm IN
sucb colors as yellow, rose, blue' ana
wen apple green.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14
Elacksmithing in Germany.

Tn the interior towns and villages of
Germany. it has been the custom Tor
many years for the farmer to purchase
the iron for his tires and horseshoes, and
in somo Instances, when having new
wagon built. to purchase all the iron en-
tcring into the same, the lengths Of every
piece being furnished him by the smith,
One part of the contract is that the smith
shall not return to the farmer all ends
and cuttings from the iron, and it fire.
ouently occurs that the farmer remains
at the shop until the iron is all cut up,
in order That the smith shall not indulge
IN too much cabbage. Each smith shop
has what is termed "the hell, " and III
cutting off set Of tires, if the farmer be
not present. the largest half OF the end
cut off finds its way to THE hell, Tic
duty of putting it there devolving upon
the youngest apprentice. From tins
always plentiful store the smith furnishes
his material for the manufacture o.
bolts. horseshoes, etc, for transient Gus
toners.
The horse shoeing part is also fea
ture; the farmer will bring with nm UNI IN,
end of some piece Of iron or tire, wl'l
which to make the shoes, or perhaps
dozen or more old horseshoes to be con
vertcd into new ones. The farmer mus
blow the bellows until the work Is Jorge
~ fine shoes are made, and must the
hold M the horses foot while the shoe
oro bninp driven on or taken oil, and n n
, yariably carries the old shoes home vat
/ him, unless he prefers to give the Oh
shoes in payment for the apprentlce
q service in holding up the feet.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

TIE State of Georgia makes very
happy showing in the matter Of develop
ment of country by railroads. A few
wears after the war the Southern manu-
featuring State began to move in the d.
rection Of connecting herself with outer
markets by railways. The result was
that farmers began to putin larger crops,
planters to double their acreage in cotton.
and stock raisers to increase their expor-
tstion of domestic animals. They had
market for their products. This is the
yesult in 1882: The State raises three
times as much corn and wheat as it did
in 1870, and six times as many potatoes
| In all other farmproducts there has beer
O corresponding increase. Since 1871
the amount of cotton raised has doubled
! A largely increased production to the
acre shows also that the methods o
tillage have improved. The added mum
her of farm animals, horses, mules
swine. mich COWS and sheep is no les
striking. The tendency seems to be
cut up the great estates into small ones
| In 1870 Georgia had 70, 600 farms. Tber
are now $4,000. The value of farl
products has, in fact, nearly double
since 1870. II is mostly owing to tt
building Of railroads.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

ACCORDING to the summary of the
Catholic directory for 1888, the hierarchy
of the Catholic Church in the United
States comprises l Cardinal, ID Arch
bishops, SO Bishops, 6,546 priests, 5,24l
churches, besides 1,1SO chapels and
1,76S stations, which are attended by
priests, and where mass is occasionally
celebrated. The Catholic population is
computed to be 6,S32,954. There are 81
ecclesiastical seminares for the educa-
ton of !, 434 ecclesiastical students The
number of colleges. 81: academies, SO;
and parochial schools, 2,49l. The mum
Der of pupils attending the Catholic
schools, exclusive of colleges and acade-
mics, is given at 1856 There are 27j
asylums of various kinds and lS5 hospi'
tails. A comparison of figures will show
that there is but very slight overaver'
age of one priest to every church. The
number of educational institutions foo
up over 5000, or equal to half the mum
Der of churches.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

A YOUNG servant girl by the name Of
Annie Lennon, who is employed in the
family OF Sheriff Easton, of Newport, II.
l., performed an act Of brave devotion
few nights ago, of which it is proposed
to make some public recognition. She
and five.year. old daughter of Sheriff
Easton were alone in the house, the rest
of the family not having returned from
an Odd Fellows Festival. Soon after
midnight she awoke to find her attic
room filled with smoke. She waited
only to put on skirt, hurried down
stairs, and, being unable to open the
door, climbed through window upon
back porch, jumped to the ground, eight
feet below. and ran with bare feet ovei
the ice and snow to rouse the neiShbors.
fastening home again, she appealed t.
several persons, who by that time hac
gathered before the house, to save the
little girl sleeping upstairs, and, as No
| one responded, she entered the house n
she had left it, felt her way through The
binding aud sitting smoke to the child'
room, and escaped with her to the yar'
uninjured, though the heat was intens
enough to scorch their clothing.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

Among the first of natural advantages
on a small farm is good husband ana
= GOOD wife. One other thing | VIII
saT~whatever you undertake to 40, 90
4 better than you did before. Never
mind whether you exceed your neigh
bors or not--beat yourselves. What we
admire in plant or animal we admire
more in man-that is growth. you
are making beef, or pork, or mutton, or
milk or butter or cheese, or working
oxen or trotting horses, make them bet
ter next time, especially If you make
things for the Judgment day Of the mar
ket. So of vegetable or fruit products
Let withered and inferior goods come
by railroad. Don't let the market know
| OF your going back in quality any: !
viii despise and never forgive you II yo'
do. Again, don't try to do too much Q
kind, nor too many kinds o. tnlngs /,
To excel in leaping, you csny !u ~ I,
ali directions--you must Ivy
, haft toward one point. - n
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

THERE are several thousand house.
keepers in the land who would feel
grateful to the several Legislatures if
they should carry into effect the sugges-
ton Of the Lime Kiln Club, of Detroit,
which is as follows Resolued Dat de
present Legischur Of dis State aw
ordered to pass a law maxim it penal
olense fur grocer not to deliver one
pound of cheese and eleven cents wuf of
halibut widin ten minits of de time
agreed upon when dc said articles are
ordered and paid for"
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14
THE HAPPY ISLANDS.

lie roams about the town from dawn TIL
dark
An old man with bent form and whltcncd
bair,
Who dreams the earth he treads on IL bark
That snis 70 ilud II shore forever fair
The shore so many seek and do not ind
Among the busy crowd, he heeds It not,
But 90 y apo comes 10 all our pleasure blind I;
The world he lives in seems by him forgot.
Sometimes he stops one in the crowded
throng
And questions thus "why do we sail 10
farl
know full well the vessels course Is wrong.
For further south the Happy Islands are,
And we are near them, for last night / heard
The sound OF music coming from their
Shores
And caught the scent of flowers, and one
bright bird
Flew homeward, over US, to roam no more.
81 almost thought saw them in the dawn,
Fair rs the rosy peaks OF Paradise;
But when the day broke fully they were gone.
Far, further south tho shore we search for
Pray God they turn the vessel ere too latcl
Must we sail by, ~ many times before?
They make mistakes, and lay IL all TO Fato
That VIC have never reached the longed for
shore"
And as he talks the old mans eager eyes
Are looking southwark, where hc hopes to
see
The purple peaks, crowned with strange
glory, rise
Meath iaircr skies than those OF Italy.
No sight OF land breaks on his hopeful eyes.
"Ah, we have missed them, "a SO oft before
And we were near 50 near to Them" he cries.
Must We sail on and on iorcvcrmore"
Where are orr Happy Islands Must we sail
Forever past them when so near they scent
Blow from the shores we left, q fuvOring gale
And wufl us to the shores that haunt casb
drcaml
o fellow voyagers pray God we find
The land we seek and do not pass IL byi
Oh, blow Us to the sluth. inconstant windl
For there, we think, the Happy Islands lie.
Eden h. RegJJrd. III Our Continent.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14
Jonathan Edwards.

II ia impossible that people of ordin-
orv sensibil;t;es should have listened to
his torturinp discourses without becom-
inc ot last sick of hearing of infinite
horrors and endless orouies. 1t came
rorv borJ 70 kind-beorfed persons to be-
Iioye that the least sin exposed Great
ure God had made to such exorbitant
nenoltios Edwards whole system had
loo mich Of the character of the savage
neonle by whom the wilderness had so
recently been tenanted. There was re.
yenre y " reycnpine Justice" was
whai be called it-insatiable, ex-
%a my ;ts ingenuity in contriving the
mosi ny1nisitc toyments; there was the
%Orod iH hatred plaring on the babe in
; ;t "ro1io . tbcre were the suffering
,.s ,,t 1 oh nui tho rlooscd and shouting
,,e,, ~" "n' E 1u Natural grace of dis
ooE ;t;S,, Il, thot had once charmed il
Posi.,on ;.n a,o r,"c , If youtb in III,
,ne SMee' n a,asratu ns childhood in Tho
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14
Knew His Business.

A few months ago conductor on one
Of the Chicago street-cars suddenly ex-
perienced religion and joined small
flock in the neighborhood Of his resi-
dence. None more devout than he was
to be found in the country around. and
every spare moment from his business
was put into something energetic toward
strengthening up the little church into
which he had projected himself. Motto
ing his interest, his pastor, to encourage,
him, showed him along all he could, and
in a short time the new convert was
shining light among his fellow-worship-
pers, and the Christian grace with when
he passed the contribution-plate evoked
ncliles from what before had been bar
rem pockets.
One Sunday morning hoodlum wa
noisy, and the conductor quietly ORDERED
him out He went, but last Sunda,
evening he appeared with a mob OF dis
solute companions bent on difficulty
The conductor kept an eye ON I'll
leader until the disturbance became Ill
. bearable.
"Put on brakes moment, parson,
said he, "till look after this fare" j.
Approaching the thug, he went ft
him, and wiped up several yards OF aisl
with him, and then stood him on nj
legs. ,u,orr 30 God,
he demanded. . H.. I.
The hoodlum said he did not nave u
SFiye cents for this ride OF The GosPe
chariot, and he smashed the thug In the
countenance. ,u os
"But brother" demonstrated the pas
tor, "you cannot compel him 10 COLI
tribute" W.,
Never you mind that parson. 70,
,rooch and ri collect. This man can
dead-head on this orthordox throug
line without putting. up. Beside I'm II
sponsible to the company, for his tSr'
I've punched him aid he's got to sho
noin."
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

A New YORK surgeon, the other day,
successfully tried TRANSMISSION of blood
for asphyxia. A man named Okeburg
blew cut the gas i'll bis room at a hotel,
was almost dead when discovered, and,
Is he was not revived by ordinary rene,
dies, several ounces of blood, taken
from healthy negro, were pumped into
vein in his arm and Le soon regained
consciousness.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

IMMENSE fields and mountains Of ice
have already appeared Of the banks of
Newfoundland. The year, bound to be
historical for its floods. fires, storms
and accidents, will also probably ~
memorable for the immensity and dan
gerousness of its iceburgs. These great
masses Of ice are said to be productive,
through their atmospheric influences, OF
the violent tempests that have OF late
distressed Atlantic mariners.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

WoNG CHIN Foo, editor of the Chi
nf'e american, is elated over the sue.
cess OF his paper, which is now about
four weeks old. Wong came to this
country in 1874 with Rev. Mr.. Gibson
and was mobbed at San Francisco for
trying to liberate twenty.three Chinese
women who had been sent over in his
ship by business agents. Since then he
has lived in the East as 4 lecturer and
writer on Chinese matters. Ho thinks
the present Chinese Embassy to this
country is useless body, and has a
poor opinion of the common Chinese
American.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

ACCORDING to the report of the Secrc.
tary Of War, the organized strength OF
the militia of the United States is 81, Gil.
OF this number G,5S3 are commissioned
officers, and 81, 0Sl are non-commission
Cd officers, musicians aud privates. The
number Of men available for military
duty, but unorganized, is 6,797,0OO
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

The late Robert Asa Packer, when on
avisit to Connecticut in his younger
days, discovered that the o; .ellent
bread on his hosts table had bee made
by one Of his daughters. Hs hough 1T
her out and married her, but they only
lived together a few years, not beinf
able TO get along at all. He afterw"r'
married daughter of Victor 4. Piolett
with whom he lived as happily as n
could wish, and entertained his friend
nregal style.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

AN EMISENr French physician, who
has known Prince Bismark well for near
" q quarter Of century, says that all
talk about the Chancellor's health break.
ing down is sheer nonsense. His nerves
and general constitution are in admirbl,
condition, and bid fair 10 remain so for
twenty years to come.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

IT IS reported that there are $4,000
negroes in Indian Territory denied the
privilege of franchise and schools, and
ere incompetent as witnesses and jurors
in courts. Thay were, or are, descend
ants frsm former slaves OF tue Indians.
They ask the Government to remove
them from among the Indians and settle
them on Oklahoma lands.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

A LATE Assistant Commissioner Of
Ireland says that proper system of ar.
terial drainage is the most practical way
Of assisting the solution OF the "Irish
question" BY such system lands
could be reclaimed and farmers would
take the place Of lnbOrers.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

That tits not good for man to be alone
has been the belief of 200 years, but it
is only recently that the fatal evil OF
'uch solicitude has been worked out by
the statisticians. "Bachelorhood," says
DR.. Stork, sis more destructive to life
than the most unwholesome trades
or than residence in an unwholesome
house Or district where there has never
been the most distant attempt at SAM
tary improvement"
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

New YoRK is soon to have in readiness
thoroughly drilled and equipped life
saving corps to act in conjunction with
its Fire Department. 1t will be pro
yided with ingenious mechanical con.
triyances for scaling the highest builds
ings and bringing inmates in safety to
the ground.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

ACCORDING to the Manchester Guar
dian, the latest and largest donation to
the fund for England's Royal College OF
Music cane from New York City, and
vas the gift Of Mr.. Andrew Carnegie.
Its amount was $4,000. The college
will, it is thought, be opened in South
Ksnsington in May next with about
fifty scholars.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

"AHl my darling WIFE" sad g. George ,,gS,
the week after his marriage, IN YOU O,
husband we've to die, what would % yo"''
do ?" II don't know, I'm sure, George
soid the wife, refectively. - never ever
thought Of that. I must l2on IN my my
Boo Book Of Etiquette and read the rules
for young widows
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

stituents with printed card, as follows:
IL beg to acknowledge the receipt of
your note. I receive 30 many applica-
tions OF a similar character, that I can
not possibly comply with your request.
regret my inability to assist you, and am,
yours truly, S. d. WApDY."
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

LITTLE Robby, aged three years, has
attended Sunday-school one or two
months. He is an apt scholar, and gives
early promise Of bearing rich ethical
fruitage. At play with an older brother,
the other day, his original Adam so far
got the better Of him as to cause him to
clench his little fist and strike his brother.
Brother Tom was about to retaliate with
his more formidable weapon, when Robby
cried out, "No, no, mol Teacher says oc
mpt nj strike back When 90 " hit"
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

A COMMITTEE to plan an industrial
school at Springfield, Mass, have de-
cided to teach the rudiments of trades,
and not to turn out finished mechanics
The desire is to give the boy a knowl-
eege that will enable him to choose a
pursuit for which he recognizes his own
adaptability, so that three or four years
OF his life may not be wasted after he
leaves school in trying to determine
how he will earn his living, and finally
drifting through ignorance and neces-
sity into work where manual labor, not
brains, is needed.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1883-03-14

WIN DR.. Wecker, the celebrated
German oculist, removed Gambetia's
right ego in 1867, the organ was pre-.
served in spirits. at is the eye,' the
surgeon said, "of man who is sure to
enact an important part in the worlds
history" He was right, and the eye is
still preserved.