Smyrna times., 1883-05-23
FIR The SayrnG Tine.
FIR The SalyrpG Tines
The Management of Steam Boil
eTS.
INSPECTION.


Among the very best measures. in .
trOduced ut the last session of the /
Legislature was the bill regulating the
of steam boilers throughout
the State at stated times, and viewed
alone from the intelligent direction
this movement will take. it more than
cOmmends itself on the broad plane of
humanity for the disaster to life and
property that such a measure properly
carried out, will prevent by condemn
ing boilers that from their deteriora-
tiOH by long use are unfit for the gen
Grafton and storage of steam. Each
year finds the use of steam power in
creasing in this State and TO our Sena-
tor Mr.. Cavenderl should be accord
ed the credit for his advocacy of so i'm
pOrtant a measure in regulating the
conditions it shall be used under. Aud
whether the test applied j. ~ hydro
static pressure or by sound, for the
time being the end is accomplished.
Sound boilers are at least assured, and
their safe conduct depends on those in
whose charge they are, and in this case
unhappily il is the rule that too little
attention is given to the stUdv of cause
and effect in using natural forces for
the generation of steam as a source of
power. This would be oflittle amount
| if those forces did not at times oYerstep
| the bounds of control and cause death
and destruction around them.
! In dealing with the forces of nature
we best control them by studying the
laws regulating them when at rest and
in motion, drawing conclusion from
each and noticing their effect when
combined. And as the forces brought
to bear upon the generation of steam
are known, the results here given are
the conclusions reached from close per
sOnal observations extending through
a number of years. In so far as these
conclusions are applied they remove tc
a certainty any danger from an explo.
sion in every kind and size of boiler
providing always that there is o sound
boiler to begin with, that is. one capa
bic Of standing a hydrostatic pressure
of from $50 to $50 pounds to the square
inch, and any less than this is unsafe i
you are using 30 to so pounds of steam
for working purposes.
THE FIVE TRANSMITTING POWERS.
Take the surface of the crate bar
for plane or base and erect on thi
base at right angles with it perpen
; dicular extending through the boile
and terminating at the base of tn
d safety valve in the dome, and We hav
then, in their order, on this perpendicu
lar: lst heat, 2nd iron, Bird water. At
steam, 5th super-heated steam. Her
then We have all the forces that ar
> brought to bear in play in the geners
ton of steam in a closed vessel An
more, is it not self-evident that a PROF
= er understanding of the action thes
forces have one on the other, place
such knowledge far in advance of th
usual hap-haZard manner in whic
boilers are al best operated and
'f seems useless to look in scientific tel
books for practical information on SUI
!. jecCs like these when the most tn;
they contain trend towards substantial
!, ing theories by algebraic formulas an
= probably this complex way of explain
ton affords the reason why so little
< known of this particular subject
EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION.
= The first of these powers "heat" v
will dispose of by quoting the shrsv
observation of a writer that it is not
ing more than STORED sunshine" al
as such, can be raised or lowered
st temperature at pleasure The 2n
iron, like nearly all the metals is col
posed of tensile iibres held togeth
;, alone by adhesive attraction subject
IL expansion by the application of heat
those tibres and to the reverse or CO
traction in the presence of cold. I
K. 3rd, water, has for its component pa
oxygen and hydrogen and is alone d
tinguished when at rest for exerting
sustaining a pressure in all direetiO
from any centre. The 4th. stea
a. enantiRg from water in an inVisil
. form at a temperature Of 212' Of hC
and capable of great contraction
Il compression. 9th super-heated ste.
is the complete separation Ofthe Oxyg
and hydrogen contained in Ordins
steam and is capable of great expansil
} APPLICATION or THE FIVE POWER
A boiler is filed two-thirds of
diameter with water and FIRE star
on the grate-bars and is increased III
the iron composing the boiler is raii
=. to temperature high enough to ca
the water in contact with it 10 boil q
give of steam sufficient to ill the
naming One-third which as before
Az marked, is capable of great cOntracti
And il is one of the gravest errors
- believe that it is this steam giving
from water at 212' of heat charged
it is with its equivalents of oxygen 6
hydrogen and at all times managea
Is the prime cause of boiler explOSiC
Y No, Il IS not by any means. We
, land here the writer would ask of tn
most interested in this subject
olOsesz attention to what Is now stat
q regular continuous action throl
four Of these powers, viz: heat. il
4tf water and steam: they are so far {
:. trOllakle that we can use the 4th !
lte duct as power in all the various
dustrieS, but when unfortunately
generate or call into existence the
power we rend into atoms the strOnI
dS .S boiler that can be made. Super-hes
Nil steam Is BOT eORtFOllable, and more
giris Of no practical use aRd startling
Y ;,S,,S SnS may appear, caR be generated with
Ines boiler twO-thirdS filled with water
~ M % three gauges. Three gauges of W
-. have been recorded time and n
Gu before this Just a moment before q
astrOus explosion, and iurieS have
turned verSiicts of ''cause unknown
sasSs THE PREVENTION or SUPKR-HEAl
sesS STEAM.
isisd The s0re,st, best and only safe NJ
% Z prevent it Is to never allow the 81
$50 inside the boiler 10 reSt ORe 81.
S en- Remember yOu are dealing With
scn,A tInuoOs foFSes when you generate =
sat that increase in power rs they are