davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
Westminster, Md, Oct. 20, 1881. oc :
. B. NORMENT,

d B. NORMENT,
hs ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office with Hon. Charles B. Roberts, opposite
the Court House, respectfully informs the
citizens of Carroll and adjoining counties that
he will give prompt attention to all business
intrusted to him, both before the Courts of
this State and the Departments of the Gen
eral Government at Washington, d. C..
jan 1, 1873.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
SENnAY TRAINS

Going East, will leave Union Bridge for Baltimore
and intermediate Stations at $40 a 40 p. and
Westminster at 655 a. and 5.05p. m. Going West,
will leave Baltimore for Union Bridge and inter
mediate Stations at $40 a. m, and 200 D. m. and
Westminster at 10. % a. IN. and 343 d. m
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
TAYLoRS BOSS CLIPPER
Il AND DRY STEAM ENGINES.

Portable and Agricultural Engines; Clipper
Engines from to 10 Horse Power; Dry
Steam Engines from to 40 Horse Power;
Utica Tor Wood & Masnn) Engines from to
40 Horse Power; Stationaries; Adjustable
Cut OFF Utica Engines from II to 200 Horse
Power; Improved Corlis Engines from Is to
$50 Horse Power; Boilers, all sizes; Iron
Frame Reversible Saw Mills, four sizes; North
Carolina Portable Corn Mills; Corn Mill
Stones, all sizes, guaranteed to produce better
Meal, with Is per cent. less power, than ann
other Mil Stone IN The scorld "THE TAYLOR
MANUFACTURING COMPANY OF CHAMBERsBURG,
Pa Chambersburg, Pa, U. S. A.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
TOSEPH M. PARKE,

OSEFH w. GAhhH,
81 ATTORNEY AT LAW AND
SOLICITOR IN CHANCERY,
VIII practice in the various Courts of Carroll
county. HsS~SpeciaI attention given to Or
phans' Court business. May be consulted,
for the present, at the Office Of the Register Of
Wills, or at his residence on Court Street,
Westminster, Md. jan
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
PEMoVAL.

After December LIST, 1881, DR.. J. H. Bill
LINGSLEA will occupy the late residence of
his father, Main Street, two doors East of
Huber's Drug Store. nov 26-y
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
MAN & GEIsELMAN'
UNDERWRITERS,

HAVE MADE GREAT REDUCTIONS
in prices of Furniture for spring of 1888. We
name few articles to show how low our prices
are. We sell all our goods correspondingly
low. We are selling
Good Cane Seat Chairs 81. 25T9J doz
Good Cane Seat Rockers 1.50 each
Carpet Seat Folding Camp
Rocker. Observation-Disclosures. 80 each.
Wood Seat Chairs. ................. 2.25P9 doz.
Nice Ful-sized Beds. .............. 2. so each.
Nice Bed room Suits II. 80 each.
Buried Panel Sideboards $50 each.
Breakfast Leaf Tables ............ 200 each.
wash STANDS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. l.2o each.
We have the largest stock of HAND MADE
FURNITURE in the state; also large stock of
Factory Made Furniture at marvelously low
prices. See our goods before buying and you
will be convinced and give us your order, and
thereby save much money. 0urstock of Sew
ing Machines, Organs, Oil Stoves, Woven
Wire Mattresses and Bed Springs of all kinds
is complete We also have large stock of
Collins, Baskets, Robes, Shrouds, &c. Hav-
ing two Hearses, we make Undertaking a
speciality, giving it our personal attention at
all hours, day or night. Soliciting your pa
tronage, we are respectfully yours,
MAIN & GEISELMAN,
Successors to Bankert & Daily,
feb 24-tf Main ST., opp. Montour House.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
JOHN f. SMITH. VIM. A. NJ. KELLIP
GMITH g. McKELLIP,

SOLICITORS IN CHANCERY,
Having formed partnership in the practice
of Law, will give prompt attentiod to all bust
ness entrusted to their care. Office on Main
street few doors east of Court street
dec sly
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31

r E. PEARSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
VIII practice in all the Courts of the State
Office, opposite Westminster Hotel, Main St,
Westminster. aug 1-tf
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
cHAs. B1L1LNGsLEA, D. D. = c. E. GAuGHMAN, D. D.
DILLINGSLEA & BAUGHMAN,
DENTISTS.
Office One Door Vest Of the Union National
Bank, Westminster, Nd.

VIII visit the following places:
Union Bridge.-1st Wednesday and Friday
following of each month:
Nev Windsor-2d Wednesday and Friday
following of each month.
Taneyfo,cn to the last and the last
Friday in each month, remaining until Satur-
day evening.
One of the firm can always be found in the
office. sep 23-tf
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
ELOUR! FLOURl FLOUR!
Westminster FIGURING Mills,
w. S. MYER & BRO. PROTECTORS.

Manufacture and have on sale the following
brands of Flour:
Oriole Family
A No. Family
Westminster Family
PARIS Ridge Family
Westminster Extra
Above Brands Flour on sale at Barrel Prices,
in
Half Barrel Sacks, (98 1bs.)
Quarter - - 40 lbs.
Eighth I" :: (24g fbs.)
Sixteenth . ~! tbs.)
Have constantly on hand and for sale Bran,
Middlings and Offall in general. Agents for
Standard Brands of Fertilizers.
For sale at Manufacturers Prices.
feb 1882-1y
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
Incorporated 1868.

The 31st Semi-Annual Session of this in
stitution of Learning begins September 9Th.
1882. The special attention of those resid-
ing in or near Westminster is called to the
advantages Of having such College SO con-
venient to them. Young persons of either
sex can here receive Thorough Education
without losing the privileges of home resi-
dence. The Preparatory Department affords
full course for the ordinary business of
life, and by thepurchase of Scholarship the
full Collegiate Course can be had at about the
same low rates charged in the Preparatory
Department.
For further information see or address the
President,
IT. WARD, D. b.,
at his residence, or any of the Professors at
their residences or at the College
1t is important that students enter at the
beginning of the session, or as soon thereafter
as practicable. july 20
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
CHAS. T. REIFSNIDER. CHARLES +. FINK.
7 AW CO-PARTNERSH

The undersigned have this day formed a
co-partnership for the practice of Law in
the several courts of this State under the firm
name of Reifsnider & Fink All business en-
trusted to our care will receive prompt atten-
ton Office-Main street, adjoining the res
idence of Chas T. Reifsnider
CHAS. T. REIFSNIDER,
CHARLES +. FINK.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
Late of the Baltimore, originally of the
Pttsburg bar.

w ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR
AT LAW, TANEYTOWN, MD.
Specialties Examination of Titles, Preparing
of Legal Papers, Settlement of Estates gener
ally, &c For sale-all kinds of Real Estate.
jan 6, 1888
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
Tor SALE.

FoR SALE. 49,
The undersigned will sell at ss.:ff ~
private sale, any time between go -
now and the first of March, 1884, for the
owner, Valuable Farm and Grist and Saw
Mill, situate in Carroll county, Md, on the
Washington and Westminster road, about y
miles north of Hoods Mills, adjoining the
lands of Walter Dorsey Ebbert Beck, JOS.
Brandenburg and others, containing
ABOUT 526 ACRES.
The land lies beautifully, slightly rolling, soil
sandy loan and clay subsoil, crops well, about
800 acres cleared, the balance in good timber
The mill is one of the best stands in the state
for a country mill, makes excellent -four, meal
and hominy, and is capable of doing good
saving, and now doing fine business; stores,
postofices, telegraph Office and churches con-
venient, and during the summer two new
churches will be built within mile OF the
property-one a Lutheran and the other
Methodist Protestant The improvements are
a large Brick House, with brick bodybuilding
and kitchen attached; good dry cellar under
the whole of the main building; meat house,
ice house and good tenement house near the
mansion; also three good tenement houses on
the place, all rented, and good slx-room
frame house, stable and hen house with the
derneath, and stabling for twelve horses or
cows, besides two large plank sheds and
large tobacco house, shielded all around, ca
pable of holding a large quantity OF proven
der, or could convert into cow stable or
sheep house. Property is improving very fast
in this neighborhood, but as | have sold my
personal property and am going to quit farm
ing, and the owner not caring to rent to any
one else, has authorized me to sell the same.
I will sell the whole or sell the mill property
separate, and sell the timber land separate.
Terms to be agreed upon when purchasing.
Inquire of the undersigned on the property
CHAS. C. F. SCHROEDER
feb 2m* Berret P. o., Carroll CO., Nd.
CANs! CANS!
FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.
SMITH & WICKS,
MILL AND BOWLY SITS, BALTIMORE.
PATENT OUTSIDE SOLDERED
OLD STYLE INSIDE SOLDERED
AS BUYERS MAY PREFER.
Having largest facilities in the country $780,
600 per day. can insure
PROMPT FILLING OF ORDERS.
WE ALSO FURNISH
SOLDER. CASES,
SOLDERING IRONS, AND
HULL'S GASOLINE FIRE POTS
For Gaping Purposes. Our Solder is ex-
actly the same in quality as we use for max
ing cans; made of pure pig tin and lead. No
old lead, anthony or bismuth is used in its
preparation.
@ Correspondence solicited, and infor-
nation about the canning business given on
application. feb 24-6m*
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
gTATE or MARYLAND.

STATE OF MARYLAND, !
Insurance Dept, Commissioners Office,
ANNAPOLIS, February 18th, 1883. }
In compliance with Act Of 1878, Chapter
1O6, | hereby certify that the above is true
extract from the statement of the Farmers
Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Dug Hill,
Carroll County, Nd, to December 3lst, 1882
now on file in this Department.
JESSE X. HINES,
mar l7-3t Insurance Commissioner.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31

FAMILY GROCERIES.
Consisting of Sugars, Syrups, Coffees, Teas,
Hams, and Breakfast Meats, Fish, Lard,
Roop's Best Family Flour, Meal, Maccaroni,
Ground and Whole Spices, Chewing and
Smoking Tobacco, Coal Oil, Soaps. CQncen-
trated Potash, Soda, &c.
Choice and Fresh Confectionery,
Fruit, &c.
And every article generally kept in well
stocked Grocery.
Your patronage is kindly solicited.
Eggs, Butter, &C., taken in exchange All
Goods delivered free of charge.
CORNER MAIN AND CENTRE STREETS,
dec 16-3m Westminster.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
r UMBER, COAL, LUMBER.

r UMBER, COAL, LUMBER.
! have Just returned from the Lumber Re
regions-and am now receiving the largest
selection of LUMBER ever offered at this
place. at Reduced Prices, consisting of Yellow
Pine, Spruce and Hemlock
JOIST AND SCANTLING
of all lengths and sizes, A, "a, Ga and "a
White Pine Boards and Plank, Yellow and
White Pine Flooring, Dressed and Undressed
Misunderstanding, White Pine, Cypress and
Chestnut Shingles, Walnut and Ash Boards
and Plank, Plain and Headed Picketts, Shin
gle and Plastering Laths, prime lot of Chest
nut Rails and Posts. Also all the
DIFFERENT KINDS OF COAL.
Thinking large sales with small profits bet
ter than small sales with large profits, have
concluded to adopt the former as r. guide,
and hope / shall be enabled to carry it out by
persons in want of anything in my line giving
me call before purchasing elsewhere:
EDWARD LYNCH,
Near Depot, Westminster, Nd.
feb 29-tf
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31
Western Maryland College,

WESTMINSTER, CARROLL COUNTY, MARYLAND.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31

B% PRICE No OBJECT. For engage
ments see Bulletins at the offices of the Ad-
vocate and Sentinel
Ds5r can show day and date for 81 engage.
ments from January 9TH, 1882, to January
9th, 1883, and satisfaction given in every case.
r. G. MATHEWS, AuoTIoNEER.
dec 30-3mo Westminster. Nd.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1883-03-31

Mr.. John W. Mealy will be pleased to vai
on his friends and former patrons. sep&
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-06-02
THE SEQUEL To a SCANDAL,
An Exciting Social Event Re-
called by tue Death of One
of the Actors.

News has been received Of the destf
at Cairo, Egypt, of Dir: Van der Nest
the Belgian Consul General there and
well known as the first Secretary Of
the Belgian Legation in Washington
who eloped with Mrs. Gallatin Lsu.
renee, having been tempted to gid
friendship with the rays of love. Mrs
Laurence left not only her husband,
but her little daughter, leaving her
with her nurse at hotel in this city,
where she had been staying. General
Laurence followed them to Europe
and it was supposed a duel would be
the result OF his visit, but the heart
wounded husband returned to this
country without having put a bullet
through the lover who had robbed him
Of his wife.
He commenced immediate proceed
ing for divorce, and as soon as obtained
Mrs. Laurence became Mrs. Van der
Nest, For the past three years he has
been Belgian Consul General at Cairo
that haven of rest for damaged
regulations. They have lived hand
somely aud entertained a great deal,
and in her salon were seen many
faded bouquets OF English nobility.
who like herself had history, but
so unexceptionable was their lives
there that husband and wife seemed
to be always waiting for a prize OF
virtue.
Her history is filed with romance.
A daughter of Col. Taylor of the
army, at sixteen she married Captain
Kingsbury, who had inherited from
his father million dollars,
the result of purchases made
ofreal estate in the early history OF
Chicago. Captain Kingsbury was
killed at Antietam, and soon after his
death a son was born to Mrs. Kings.
bury and he is living.
In the course of Two or three years
she met General Laurence, and very
soon after they we're married, and it
proved a most unhappy union, and it
is said he entirely dissipated her large
fortune by bad investments and exS
travagant living. Since the divorce
his own father has died. leaving him a
large fortune, aud the little girl
remains with him. There are two
children by the Van der Nest mar
riages.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-06-02
A Mysterious Cold spell.
New York Sun.

The cold spell about the 1lth. 18th
and 18th Of May, which was merry dis
tinctly marked this year, is one Of the
most singular Of meteorological phe
nomena. The observations of many
years have furnished strong evidence
that it recurs yearly and extends over
the whole northern hemisphere, and
probably over the southern hemis-
phere also. After the discovery that
there are rings of meteors revolving
around the sun, some of which inter
sect the orbit of the earth, it was not
an unnatural suggestion that the cold
spell in May, and a few other similar
depressions in temperature, might be
caused by the interpositiOn OF huge
swsrms of meteors between the earth
and the sun, whereby portion of the
suns heat would be cut off
Dir. Proctor has recently made
an interesting argument in favor Of
this theory, but it seems to be
open to serious objeaions. If swarm
OF meteors dense enough to cut of
considerable portion OF the suns heat
passes between the earth and the sun
every May, it should cut off light as
we j as heat; but there is no evidence
that the cold spell in May is accompa.
MED by any diminution Of sunlight.
Besides. there are certain hot spells
which have also been supposed 10
recur with more or less regularity
every year and, generally speaking, q
theory which accounts for the cold
spells ought to account for the hot
spells also. This the meteoric theory
fails to do, for it will hardly be as
serted that there are SO many meteoric
swarms between the earth and the sun
that only on few days in each year,
when there happen to be no meteors in
the way. is the full power Of the suns
radiation felt upon our globe.
Still, if these spells Of abnormal
temperature really recur every year
and are felt simultaneously all over
the globe, it is difficult to see how
they can be accounted for except on
the hypothesis of general cause com.
pletely overriding the ordinary laws of
meteorology. There seems to be no
reason whatever for looking to the
earth itself as the source of these
chapges,and the cause producing them
cannot reside in the atmosphere alone.
The rushing Of the earth through the
ether Of space might possibly have
some effect upon our atmospheric con.
ditions, but it could not account for
the phenomena in question. A careful
study Of the sun with the object Of
detecting any changes, and particular.
~ any periodical changes in his ea,is
sion Of light and heat may solve the
mvsterv
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-06-02
aRer magnua.n

Cotton may be king, but if the
HumistOn Food PreservatiFe is halt
that Scientists claim for it, there is
certainly another mighty claimant for
the title 10 the field. Briefly stated
this preparation Is intended to pre-,
serve food in large or small quantities.
The highest testimony is in its favor
as an agency TO secure purity, excel
lencs and consequently health. It's
Office is TO preserve organic matter
and prevent putrefaction-to keep
vegetables aud meats pure aud fresh
for an indefinite time. This is topic
of vital importance to the civilized
world A great problem seems to
have been solved. The Rex Magnus
is simply add absolutely healthfuI,
tasteless, cheap food preservative and
a perfectly reliable substitute for ice,
heat, sugar, salt.or alcohol A PAM
phlet giving full particulars can be
had by addressing II. z. Hubbard's
IuternatiOnal Newspaper Agency,
New Haven, Gem.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-06-02
rae COLLIERVILLE BULL.
A Case in POint-tn AtfOr-
ney Whose Feelings are
"Hurted."
Fr.nklin R.rieW and Journal.

Not many days since one OF the most
intelligent aud active farmers of this
county wished to ship bull to some
one at Colherville, in this State. Nat
urally he desired to ship him by the
L. 4 n. road and thence to Collier
Vile, as this was bis shortest route by
many miles. By doing this he would,
he thought, secure a cheaper rate and
a shorter trip tor the animal. The
railroads charged him 81, TO carry
the bovine that way. This was fright
fully near the price of the animal 80
he shipped him via Nashville by a
circuitnuS route to point in twenty
miles of Collierville, at a considerable
cheaper charge. By the first route he
could have landed his freight right at
the town. By the other he did not
reach his destination by twenty miles,
which brought about hot and expen-
sive drive from that point to Collier
vile. One of the ablest, shrewdest,
and most talented oil the attorneys OF
the railroads in this State excused tbs
conduct on the part OF the Il. 4
N. road on the ground, that it
would not carry freight to its compel
itor, the Memphis aud Charleston
road, il it could keep from it. And
in order to keep from it the company
charged our eilizen price that forced
him to ship their way. This attorney
said it was correct and that railroads
had right to fight their competitors
in any manner they saw fit. no matter
if it did discommode and offend the
people. la that interview, this attor-
ney had great hopes that the Supreme
Court of the United States would de-
eide the Illinois cases so as to protect
the roads 10 their high handed and
tyrannical and arbitrary policy. Since
then he has heard from that Court,
and he now says that the whole cOun-
try has gone to the dogs and that the
roads are at the mercy OF the people.
He breaches submission to the inevit>
able because the hand OF fate has
fallen heavily upon the monopolies.
If the people Of this State will take
this matter in hand, freights and pas
senger tariffs on every railroad in her
boarders will be chespened to = rea>
sonable basis and we shall hear of no
more complaints like that of our eoun-
tryman.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-06-02
The Dead Bnron,a Dnurhler.

Special to Commercial Gazette.
NEW York, May 3O.-The body of
Mrs. NJ. K. Wagner Mauschwitz.
daughter Of Baron Won Mauschwitz'
the German lady who committed sui
eide at the Summit Hotel by asphyx-
iating herself with gas, is now lying
in an undertaking establishment in
East Broadway. Over 500 persons
called to day 20 look at the remains,
and among others were many in pri
vato carriages, with liveried drivers.
One foe looking lady, upon viewing
the remains, burst into tears, and said
she had been a schoOlmste Of the
deceased in Germany. M
A private grave has been purchased
in the Lutheran Cemetery, and thither
the remains will be taken at IL o clock
tomorrow.
The orders we're given by the Rev.
Mr.. Geyer and Mr.. Jacobs, Of 3l7
East Fifty. second street, and neither
pains nor expense shall be spared in
giving the deceased a funeral in &C.
cordance with her former social
standing.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-06-02
FATAL nEROIsM.
A Gallant Youth Perishing in an
Attempt 10 Rescue y BrOIher.
Special 10 New York Herald.

... opDOiaA W NoW AOEk nefdlus
RICHMOND, Va, May 29.-The de
tails of noble act of heroism 90 the
part Of youth in saving the life Of
one brother from their burning home
and losing his own life 10 attempting
to rescue another, have Just been re.
ceiled from Bowling Green, Caroline
county, The house of MEX. r
Parish was discovered to be on FIRE
about eleven o'clock on Sunday night
The flames soon cast lurid glare over
the suburbs OF Bowling Green, and
the neighbors, on seeing il, rushed
from their dwellings to render what
assistance was in their power. Mr.. Far.
ish was absent from home but his wife
who was a confirmed invalid, with ali
Of her children were known to be in
the burning building. Mrs. Parish
and some of the children we're with
great difficulty rescued from the
lanes; but two OF the latter were still
found to be missing. The entire
iouse was at this time mass Of seeth.
ing, Kissing flames, and intense excite.
ment prevailed about the two bows
who were apparently doomed to !
terrible death. AT this iuucture In,
eldest son, a youth Of eighteen, dashed
into the building, and, though giver
up TOR lost, soon reappeared with on,
Of the boys. amid the cheers Of IN,
excited multitude. He hastily CAV,
the boy into his mothers arms. ant
again rushed into the blazing house
alas never to return again. ri,
struggled hard to reach his brother
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-06-02
Tuesday, June 20, 1883.

during legal hours, at the souibwa,, .o...-
Of Main and Madiion streets. In Ina c,tv
Memphis, Menu, offer at public ontcr Wy %, oI
sell fer cash 70 the highest bidder. cs.t anu
LOT OF land in the city Of Memnbis IAN
Taxing DISTRICT, in Shelby oonntv M no"
map Of that part Of the city know ~ Ut p tne
fiese Ing and designat ted in John n q rV55s
sgbdiytsion Of said Block No. go AZ Ia osih NJ
~ situated on the south side M l az ~,
street, ana having front on said sontL Lyle is,A
OF Georgia sire ct of 10 feet and Srtsa siue
PACK .Ih southwardly between parallel tSnss s ~
rlght angles TO Georgia street lso isot w ~ ~
alley, being part ot land conveyed ~ IS W. isn
spears BY John saiot, by dead reeo, ~ a.
Book no, 70, page 49,. Of the Reeistey'S uSa a IN
OF oheipy county, Tennessee. Aiso. nv. ~. e
one-het OF lot No. 10, Immediate ~ ~ west
ing said lot No; IS, and having HHota sS 20 IN
soutn slce OF Georgis rtreet Of IA Fas, On tng
se sa southwardly between ~ rallsi nna
pat 81 lot No, ~, whirh relnains Nv q y ~
t nat TON tne portion Conveyed 10 ME- NJ
Mets oy deco recorded 10 Boel So ~ a MI ~ !.
-, OF tRld kegist'r's Office w. ~ PAse
Memphis, May 10, .sSI, ""'-- 1ss', nee y,