The Red Cloud chief., 1883-10-12

-
To usdsrGand h0w h h hepe4r3ai -
hoR sR ~ - eaursrsees
iseirs u she nsl ard The reguirvnsnss
- mccess6nl ap1sne QDveb- III -
John Il Q1bpar4 IN snfAonfy q
| drsinsxr. coadrn<ed NJ 1AvAnfaSss q
ale drsinsxs undes twelve he.dss q
"The drzinase se0Dyes ssaxsanf uBsffe
frun the ssssseA". Ne all en- 20
duce u.~fui crops vhea Is tscrwrd9
hs surface permsneufy AAtsrAied I'D
water. In wet scssoos elsy lands bod
the rainfall IN ;he ioeess plsces -
vhen IL fnaiiy ssapUgsses ths crop
destroyed and the surface b bskst and
hard THIS sSapos1fAoa slso u>cs q
great arnosnf 81 heat. which voad
otherwise warrn the sosi We sr<. shere-
fore. tha, IL the wa,rr tia; falls upcu
the soil remains until removed By evsp-
sra;ion. all the hes, which shoula be
making the soil WARN II being wss;ed
in eysporatin2 the water. Dnr expert
menrcr made = numh~r of tests in f~o
adioining fields, one DRAINED the osh~r
andraised Tfe average Temperature
II sh- sol In the field that hsd b~~n
drained was sir ard one-hAf degrees
higher than IN th. other. This - Another
reasou why drsinsg. ensbles the earlier
eultiystion of . Reid and lsngfh~ns the
season; the ground beeofp-s warm -
much earlier In the spring and remains
WARM later in the fall
=. 1T removes surplus wztsr from
under the surface"
The best condition 81 the soil for suc
csssful plaut growth !. foand when
the particles II the soil are moist. bat
when there Is NO standing Sic among
these particles. In wet seasons. II 10
adequate means are provided for re-
noting the esces. 81 moisture that falls
upon the soil. IL will b. continually sat
-sIrais@d. and the crops will be az surely
drowned cut . though water appeared
on the surface. Again. II the soil be
full 81 water that hich falls upon IL
in rain must flow of over the surface.
carrying with IL much OF the best and
finest IL the soil. Water standing In
the soil causes the vegetable matter 10
undergo aes;ic fermentation. thus rem
dering the soil -our and unit for eulti-
va,ion- The freezing out Of winter
grain j, oftencr than from any other
caus'. produced by the formation Of ice
IN the upper part Of the soil. which
throws ont the plant and leaves it &,
perish. With good drainage the soil
would he dry when Il was time for frecz-
ing. and what il called ''heaying" would
not occur. 5. 1T lengthens the sca-
sons" Often the yield Of a crop de-
ponds greatly ON the time il can be- put
in the ground. A few days difference
in sowing NAV make mucn in Yield.
The work can be better and more Geo.
nomicaily done because there j. more
time to do it. II land is drained il can
be more thoroughly puiyerizcd. and
be in better condition for n%ouri,hiny
the growing crops. Air in the soil Is
necessary rs well rs moisture, but il
can o penetrate the baked surface.
On drained land the plant will send
Their roots deeper into the soil. When
n plant begins to grow In the spring in
an undrained soil the roots will not PEN
citrate into the cold lower soil filed with
water, but run along through n few
inches Of the drcr surface. When the
dry weather m the sun completely
dries this out and the plant. having no
other supply. stops growing. On land
that has been underdraincd in the rom
dit.on described as most favorable for
plant growth, moist but with no stand
ing water between the particles, the
plant sends its far and deep.
The remainder of Mr.. Klippart's
points condensed, most of which we have
touched upon. are: II decpcns the soil.
II warns the soil. II cqualizes the tenn
pcraiure of the soil during the season Of
growth. IL carries down soluble sub
stances to the roots Of plants. IL pre-
vents heaving and freezing u 1t
prevents injury from drought. II i'm
proves the quality and and quantity Of
the crop. Ii increases the effect Of
1t prevents rust in wheat and
rot in potatoes.
One important question with all
who have land that needs drain
ing In the cos:. Not that il will
not pay but that IL needs capital
to do It. Ii can and has frequently
been demonstrated that drainage pays
and pays well. In very wet seasons il
frequently happens that the total fail
ure or success Of q crop depends entire
fy-ss the drainage. Or. asasd. Of
Ohio. states on this POINT: IL one yeaa
undcrdraincd a part Of . field Al . cost
of S22.5 80 per acre. and ut harves. IL
yielded ~ bushels more per acre than
the undrained part of the field, and rs
the crop brought Sl.25 per bushel. the
extra yield paid all the expenses Of
draining, and left me a little in
pocket" Such instances can be found
all over the country. John Johnston.
of Geneva. n. Y. underdrained a
heavy clay farm that produced a good
crop of wheat only in the most favor
able seasons. and made it so that he
grew for many years an average Of 40
bushels per acre.
On many farms the principal ex-
pensc will be for the tile alone. the
work being done by the ordinary help
of the farm at times when other work
is slack. The plans must be- laid ut the
outset SO as to do no superfuous work.
When the outlet is fixed and the line
established for the main drain. there is
the place to begin; and be sure To make
this drain large enough so rs to answer
the purpose during heavy falls Of rain
when il is most needed.
Many who have put in drains have
found during the late wet weather that
their mains were not large enough. aud
had they TO do the work over, aud with
their present experience, would put
down tile with nearly double capacity. |
There is not n great difference in the
size Of the tile. to make this difference
in capacity. since the latter is as the
square Of the diameter, and therefore a
six-inch tile has more than twice the
capacity of . four-inch tile. and the
work Of LAYING would be but q tT;fe
greater. When the line for the drain
is established. n good start can be made
in the work with n good team and 3
skillful plowman. So also can much u !
the filling be done in the same way.
Some directions for digging and laying
the tile We defer to another fime.-Dc- |
troll, Post.