davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

lCor. San Francisco Chronicle.
Went to the Italian opera; Halevy's Juive;
12 pesetas, second tier, front row; full even
ing dress; audience dressed n la mode de
Paris; not a mantilla nor n sombrero.
Fancied the audience was staring very hard
at me. Looked about for the cause and saw
to my astonishment thai two peasant
women tmarket womenl. in calico gowns
and common plaid shawls, were occupying
seats near mo ut the price certainly OF a
weeks earnings They had paid this ex-
trnvagnnt price not SO much to hear the
music or SEQ the play as to nave a good view
of royalty. The king and three ladies of the
royal family sat In the royal box, near the
proscenium- One Of the ladies wore what
appeared TO be a very pretty costume 1t
consisted of a small black and white check
silk gown, high in the throat, with lace
nfies Mt the throat and sleeves and very long
black kid gloves Reverting to the two
worthy DANES who sat beside me / was told
that democracy was fond OF asserting itself
In Madrid and that the sight of peasants in
the opera house was by no means a rare one.
The women 1 saw behaved with perfect pro-
priety and offered no other ofrense than what
may b deemed TO nave consisted in wearing
very common clothes In u very swell"
Dlaca
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Lancaster Letter in Philadelphia Times1
He was very methodical in his hnbits.
Punctuality and order were his marked char
acteristicA He was naturally reserved; his
condolences wero not lightly given; his at
tachments were very strong and a frie ndship
once formed continued al enduring tie. l am
Indebted to an intimate friend Of Mr..
~Buchanan's, one who perhaps knew more of
his private life and his political career and
convictions than any other man living, for
many facts in his history. We arrived at
Wheatland on one of the ~loveliest of June
days. 1t lay secluded among grand old trees
OF more than a ccntury's growth, that over.
Swallowed the house and softened
the midsummer glow; roses in bloom
filled the ar with sweetness. The
shades seemed a fitting repose for
tue evening of a life spent amid the excite
nient and distractions Of politics; the plain,
old fashioned two STORED house, with its wide
halls and spacious apartments on each side,
was the abode OF republican simplicity and
comfort. As we drove up the broad avenue
our eyes were greeted with tho commanding
presence of our host, who stood in the wide,
open door to receive us. His courteous re-
caption Of our little party was perfect.
After a cordial welcome and a few words of
kindly inquiry, we were shown to our rooms,
which were Furnished with every comfort,
cool, airy and tasteful, the snow linen per-
fumed with Lavender. Through the open
window, screened by thick foliage, glimpses
OF the country appeared in varied beauty;
wood and plain, alternating with broad acres
OF golden wheat and blossoming clover.
There was a wonderful charm in the house
hold arrangements. Perfect In order, free
from ostentation, all the surroundings bore
the impression of the refinement and wealth
of the illustrious occupant, His beautiful
and accomplished niece, whom / had known
In her glrlhood, had gone to grace another
home. The establishment was presided over
by a relative. Some bright young girls,
daughters OF his brother, enlivened the house
with their music and gayety.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
OFFICIAL

TKRRIToRY.
Governor-Wm. Hale.
Delegate to Congress-M. +. Post
Secretary Of Territory-ElliotS s. N. Morgan
Chief Justice-James y. Sener.
Associate Justices q 3. PIsiEi
Clerk. W. Bruner.
J, u. Hopkins, Territorial Veterinarian.
United States Attorney-M. C. Brown.
United states Marshal-Gustav Schnitger.
Depaty-W. Schnitger.
Surveyor General-E. c. David.
Collector of lntecnal Revenue-E- y. Snow
Rsceivers of Public Moneys-w s Hurlbut
Cheyenne; f S. Crocker. Evanston.
sgisIers OF Lind oniee- = w Man
rreasurer-F 4. warren.
A~uditor-Jesse knight
Librarian@I. Slaughter.
Superintendent Of Public Instruction-J
Slaughter.
Geoiogist and Mining Fnslneer-G. f,
Bailey.
Territorial stenographer-J. c. s. Richard
PenItentiary Commissioner s f. Nagle,
Fish Commissioners-M. c. Barkwell, Otto
9ramms l. 7. Downs, f W. Bennett. n. An
drews. T. W. Quinn.
couNrT.
SheriG-S. X. sharpless.
Probate Judge and County Treasurer-I.
County Clerk. K. Jeffrey.
County and Prosecuting Attorney-J. G.
Baird.
County CommlssIoners-Thomas Swan, t.
superintendent OF Public schools-w. Rich
Ardson.
Assessor-w. W. jeffrey.
C~oroner-John T.. Charnn,
Justices ofthe Peace Y f Eee'
o~Onsta6les- 5. /. Smiley.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
The Language OF wInks,

ID~ e@ASNS NNCE6SNkSs
In those North American states in which
the sale of alcoholic liquors is by law forbid
den the chemists and druggists who keep
spirits ostensibly for medicinal purposes sell
largo quantities of them to people who are
suffering from nothing more serious than
thirst. This kind of trade has, however, to
be conducted with many precautions, and in
some districts elaborate codes of Signals have
been invented TO enable customers to
privately make known their illicit desires
to the store keepers.
In Saltwater, MINI, for instance, to wink
once is to ask for soda and rye whisky: TO
wink twice and smack the lips is to demand
half a tumbler OF Jamaica rum; to stand
with the forefnger and thumb in the waist
coat pocket and ask mildly for banana sirup
Is to convey a hint that ginger brandy would
be gratefully received; to wink thrice and
jerk the thumb over the left shoulder i'm
plies that gin is the liquor required; and
when a customer transfers his quid of tobacco
from his mouth to his loft hand the chemist
at once prepars a handmade sour mash.
And, although the list of American drinks is
a long one, the Saltwater code is so completes
that it even enables the thirsty soul to signal
whether he prefers much or little laInon
juice In his cocktail.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
HEALTH Is WEALTH.

Pr; z, Q. VESTS NERVE and BRAIN
IhnAImENT, a guaranteed specific for
hysteria, dizziness. commissions. ais. nervous
neuraigia. headache. nervous prostration,
caused oy the use of alcohol or tobacco
OF the brain. resulting in insanity and Lead
ing 10 misery. decay and death. premature
olu age, p~arrenness. loss of power in either
sex, involuntary losses and spermatorrhoa
caused by over -%xertion of the brain, self,
tains one months Treatment, nj a boY orsir
ofprice. e0'iP'
WE GUARANTEE SIX BOXES
10 cure any case. With each order received
oy US Ior six boxes, accompanied by IS we
TO refund the money Il the treatment doaS
not erect cure. Guarantees issued only by
george W Hort. druggist. Cheyenne. Wyo,
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
u. -. Currency ape
Trbf,a&n u,,a1d


The paper on which United States cur
rency is printed is manufactured at Dalton.
Mass. Eighteen or twenty treasury girls,
who earn - a day, count the sheets, examin.
ing each one closely and rejecting all imper-
feet ones. An automatic register at the end
of the mnchine registers every sheet as it is
cut OFT and laid down. The register man
tukes them away in even hundreds. and they
ae Immediately counted in the ~drying-room.
In nil the various processes OF finishing every
sheet is counted, and they are again counted
On their receipt at the treasury department
in Washington. The great protection of the
government against counterfelting lies in tho
paper here made. The distinctive feature Is
the introduction of silk threads into the body
of the paper while it Is in the process OF
manufacture, They are introduced while
the paper is in the pulp, and are carried
along with it to the end OF the machine.
where it is delivered as actual paper. This
has been more fatll than anything else to the
professional counterfeiterS
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
Curing n Toothache with n skull.

Some months ago an HBsiish tourist, ilnger-
ing In a country churchyard, WINS present at
u funeral, and observed among the group of
mourners a young man who particularly at
tractcd attention by his swollen face and the
utter detection of his appearance. Here at
least is one true mourner,n thought the Eng
lishman. While this thought was passing
through his mind the supposed mourner took
up a skull which lay on the top of a heap of
dry mould and crumbled bones. He raised
1t To has lips, and with his own
teeth extracted n tooth from 1t.
Horror filled the stranger rs he
watched this proceeding and saw him
throw the skull carelessly away, while he
wrapped the tooth in paper and put it in his
pocket. Can you tell me why he did thatfn
asked our tourist of an old man who had stood
beside him during the funeral ceremony.
AYE, surely, your honor; the poor boy was
very bad with the toothache, an it's allowed
TO be cure il you draw a tooth frae a skull
wi your ain teeth. He'd sew the tooth in his
clothes an wear 1t as long as he lives" you
don't tell me sol Do you think the remedy
will be effectuall' Its like enough, SIR
said the old man, showing where n tooth was
eewcd in tho lining Of his own waistecoat.
ats five years since / pulled that one the
same way, and I never had n touch of the
toothache since.n
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
A LITTLE GAME OF POKER.
How h British Lion Picked His
Teeth with the Bones or the Amer
can Eagle.
TLOuisvillo COURIER ournal.1

louisville Courier Journal.
On the 2Sth Of last month a distinguished
looking individual appeared at the Grand
Exposition hotel. In n lordly, blue-blooded
way he took up the stubby pen which this
room clerk handed him and, with q wave of
a diamond-ringed hand, signed his name as
Capt Edward Stuart, Lennlove, Scotland"
He was shown into the best rooms that the
hotel afforded and during his short stay was
treated with the utmost consideration He
soon confided TO tho goninl landlords that he
was an officer in her majesty's army and adj
mitted that he commanded the Sixth dna-
goons After a day or two letters with for
eign post-marks and in distinguished look
ing hands began to come in addressed
TO Lord Edward Stuart. These things
were all taken note Of by the affable clerks
who, in turn, mentioned it to their prupri-
etors. Lord Stuart, though an English no
bleman, developed into n remarkably plnas-
ing and Rffable guest, and the botel MANAGE
ment placed themselves and their establish
ment at his disposal, hguTatively speaking.
Such a distinguished guest could not have
too much honor done him. He was invited
10 little dinners and introduced to the lead
ing young bloods Of the city, by whom his
society was greatly Affected. He was in
vited out, and in turn entertained literally,
giving several wine suppers and otherwise
bANotAhb AZ AbuPAoo7AOh AhN III oShhlIT
captain Of the Sixth dragons Of her
majesty's army, was a very desirable guest
indeed He was going out one evening in
tho carly part Of last week, and just before
leaving the hotel happened to find that he
had no money with him. This was a nero
tribe, however, which Mr.. O'Brisn, the gen.
tlemanly proprietor, was only too glad to
supply.
He kept up this genial way of living, grow
ing in grace and favor every day, until last
Saturday night He had been out with some
OF the fascinating dudes of the clubs until
about /. O'Clock, when he dropped into the
hotel and in a friendly way asked for a little
money. He was going out To have a little
game of draw poker, he explained to Mr..
O'Brien, and needed enough TO run him
through the night. The other was only too
glad to be of service to his lordship, and
pressed n goodly sum into the noble Briton's
fist II was received with many demonstra-
tions Of gratitude by Lord Stuart, who
clapped Mr.. O'Brien on tho back and shouted:
"Landlord-aw-begadl l won't be in till
morning. I-er-want to see more of your
friends here"
The gentlemnnly hotel man bowed, highly
pleased, aud then the British lion strobe
affably out Of the house, first kissing his hund
TO the smiling room clerk, who waved an au
revoir with the stubby pen. That was the
last seen OF lord Edward Stuart, captain of
her majesty's Sixth Dragons
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

John w. Mackey said to a reporter for The
St Paul Pioneer Press: mining Is the most
precarious business In the world" "You can
we'll afford TO say IL" the reporter retorted,
with $3o,0oo,Oo o to your credit But did you
think 50 in 1850, when you were pushing an
ore car In The Ophir miner 81 knew it then
only in theory, for my salary OF 81 a day was
always sure, and my wants were simple. You
always hear of the successful miners. The men
who disappear and are lost in Pauper alley
are not so often quoted"
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
DRIVE


IAN the Year Round1
Through the thick air the tall majestic tres
Loomed like gaunt ghosts; the leaiess
hedges showed
A faint dim line; there was nc breath of
breeze,
No iieck Of sunshine On the long straight
road;
While with a steady, mufied, rhythmic
beat,
Fell the dull c of the horsss' feet.
And all the while through the long leagues,
] know
One whom l love seemed sitting at my side;
l thought / heard his voice in accents low,
/ thought he watched my lips as l replied;
Nor feared nor marveled as he swept along.
His hand clasped mine;..Loye Tapped us, calm
and strong,
TIL with a start and clash of wheels we
stopped;
The red light glimmered from the open
door;
Over my Paradise the dark veil dropped,
And all the world was as 1t was before,
Ere through the hush Of the November
weather,
We two had that sweet mystic drive together.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
PATS Evasivo Answer.

IChicago Times
Pat" said his reverence, 81 shall be very
busy thi, afternoon, and if any one call, /
do not wish to be disturbed "AlI ri at,
sor; will 1 tell them you're not inf' No,
Pat; that would be a lie" AN phwatll l
shy, yer riverencef ''Oh, just put them off
with an evasive answer. At supper tima
Pat was asked if any one had called FAX,
there did" "And what did you tell him n
said tho priest 'Shure, an l give an evasive
answer" "How was that" queried his
reverence. he axcd me was yer honor In,
anil seq to him, SEE 1, Was yer granimother a
hoot-owlP ~
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
THE sroR OF IpA.-

Whittier in The Mnnhattan.l
Weary Of jangling voices never stilled,
The skeptics sneer, the bigut's hate, ta
din
OF c~lashing texts, the webs of creed mon
spin
Round simple truth, the children grown who
build
With gilded cards their New Jerusalem,
Draping the awful mystery of the soul
With sacerdotal tailoring, alb and stole,
l turn, with glad and grateful heart, from
them
To the sweet story OF the Florentine,
Immortal in her blameless maidenhood,
Beautiful as Gods angels and as good;
Eeallng that life, oven now, may be divine,
with love no wrong can ever change to hate,
Nor sin make less than nll-compassionatei
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

'How's yer comm in on yer new placer
asked Uncle Nose OF Cab Snodgrass, who
had recently accepted a position as porter in
an Austin hardware store. Use not comm
on very fas', Uncle Nose. De boss tole me
something dis mornin', an eff he don't take II
back be gwinter lose me, suah yer born. v
''What LED he tole yerFn He tole me ter
consider myself discharged
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

A small man always has enough TO bear,
but his dress becomes exceedingly heavy when
the despicable salesman OF the clothing store,
just after the small man has got into his new
clothes, cries out to the accountant, 50 that
everybody else can hear: Boys suit Mark
goneir
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

The Oldest, greatest and best remedy for
Tie cure OF nervons bnd physical debility, vi
manhood. FILLING memo Y, and relaxed and
eniSeoled conditions OF the geniuo-urtnary
II speedily cures impotence, early decay.
loss Of vlgor, semina weakness, snd ali the
youlh'ul loliies and abuse, or excesses OF ma
II permanently prevents AL unnatural loss
IRON, tine system, as thousands can attest who
q century which it has been before the pub
1t is indeed a wonder ul remedy-toniny
the nerves sl enRtnenine the muscles check
Ing the waste. iuvixor. Ting ,e whole avs
tenn and restoring the afflicted to health and
The Doctor win agree to forfeit 81, 900 for a
case unuerthken not cured. The reason so
many can not get cured OF weakness and the
above diseases IL VIM tn a compiicscion
called prostalorrhea, With hyperaesthia
Liebig's Inyigorstor No. . with our pc.
enhsr special treatn ent is the only cure
and the hand Of time moved back nom ses
10 A1uih. Price OF either invigorator 50 per
o Doll SIX ior 81, Sent 10 anyaddress. Gov
Dr. Lleblg & 20. treat succe. sfu.ly by HON.
oesathy every form OF special, private and
drugs Ifvi'alitv is drained nom the body,
Luuh. rou. q Sc sts follow that bsme ordl-
thne, me uunntural 10 = cnuses consump
IT,, d,"6 :, Brig Z. disease, insanity. etc.
Una fnnr qua Srs any ea dis aies OF the gentle
ily cur'd.
Ou. lined and resi- ops,ble.-pr. Liebig q
~, rom = nrope, are organized in compli-
procured by regular college education and
prac tice.
Most powerful electric belts free to p~rtients.
10 prove The wonderful power of the Invig-
'Into w oott e gwen or sent free Con-
sultation free aud private.
ID. Llebig's wonderful German Invis orator
Is projected by copyright from patent ofnce
81 the United states government. beware or
limitations.
all or nddrasi LIFBIG nv
400 Geary Street, San Francisco Gal
Private entrance, 405 Mason street. four
DICKS up Geary street from Learny. Main
entrance through Dispensary drug store.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Lime-Kiln Club; When you knock a man
down you simply appeal TO his physical sys-
tenn. When you convince him wild argument
you touch de spiritual part A butcher cart
kin run ober a mans leg. but eb>n a locomo-
tive cant crush his soul
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
How Hawthorne's Portrait wna Sc

1t Is reported by The Bookseller that the
new portrait of Hawthorne is the result Of
an artful stratagem on the part Of John
Lothrop Motley. Hawthorne, who could not
endure TO have his picture tnkon, was be-
guiled by Motley into the studio of a London
photographer Ito examine some portraits.
The novelist dropped into a chair, and Mot.
ley, going TO the other side OF the room.
called his attention to some object He
looked up with that glance of quick intelli
gence which his friends remember 10 we'll.
and at that moment the photographer, privy
to the little conspiracy, cSI-osed the plate
This portrait of Hawthorne is said 10 be the
best Ia existence.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Quick, complete cure, all annoying
Kidney, Bladder and Uriary Diseases.
81. Druggists
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Ask for Wells Rough on Corns,''
l6c. Quick, complete, permanent cure.
Corns, warts, bunions.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

The Mississippi annually carries SIC, sol,
100000 pounds Of mud into the gulf OF Mex.
leo. So says a scientific chap.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Inter Ocean: The last dodge of the Cali.
fornia murderer to escape hemp is to appeal
to the United States sup:efaet court and die a
natural death before n decision Is ever rem
dered.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

IChlcago Irlbune.
The story is told of Senator "Zebn Vance,
of North Carolina, that soon after his second
marriage he remarked to his bride: MY
dear, I'm a stubborn fellow, and you may
anticipate trouble, Now, in the beginning,
while l am submissive, i want to give you
one piece Of advice. II you follow 1t wen
get on mighty well. It is this: Make me
do just as l darned please
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Kissing babies und making church do M
tons are obsolete political practices.
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21
TheSecret

of the universal success of
Browns Iron Bitters is SIM
ply this: 1t is the best Iron
preparation ever made; is
compounded on thoroughly
scientific, chemical and
medicinal principles. and
does just what is claimed for
it-no more and no less.
By thorough and rapid
assimilation with the blood,
it reaches every part of the
system, healing. purifying
and strengthening. Com
mencing at the foundation
it builds up and restores lost
health-in no other way can
lasting benefit be obtained.
DDe.rborn Ave, Chicago. Nov. =.
Ihave been great sufferer from
avery weak stomach, heartburn, and
dyspepsia in It's worst form. Nearly
everything l ate gave me distrels,
and l could eat but little. j have
tried everything recommended, have
taken the prescriptions Of a doren
physicians, but got no relief until !
took Browns Iron Bitten. ! feel
none Of the old troubles, ana am
new man. am getting much
stronger, and feel hnt-rate. am
railroad engineer, and now make
my trips regularly. l can not say
TOO much In praise Of your wonder
fl medicine. ID. c. MACK.
BRowN's IRON BIrTERs
does not contain whiskey
or alcohol, and will not
blacken the teeth, or cause
headache and constipation.
1t will cure dyspepsia, indi-
gestion, heartburn, sleep
lessness, dizziness, nervous
debility, weakness, &c.
Use only Browns Iron Bitten made by
Brown Chemical Co. Baltimore. Crossed
rcd lines and Trademark on wrapper
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

rhs United States Mall carried daily. Ne
ssvs nrst class eating stations, and toe divl
Son agents take all paths % secure the eon.
% . OF p~asssngerr- The rcuts 10 well pre-
Lsted. having three military postx on :bs
foed. leaving emily forty i've miles betwes.
~iittAry ramps thus insuring safety sv~
- ssurs rouSl
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Courtesy of Kyo. Archives
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

Its soothing influence upon tho iritated
Dir passages Is due to the fact that its ingredients
are tho most sfhcacious pulmonics known.
the basis OF the article being the honsy of the
hursnound plant, chemically united with the
Abies Baisaruea. or Balm OF Gilead. Their,
nr0 bosldes five other botanic elements waie
give additional efficacy.
Those who have used It say that Hale's
Honey of Horehound and Tar Is wonder
Eully remedial In ali cases where the organs OF
respiration are Affected, and that its action ia
unusually rapid. 1t contains nothing that
can disorderthes tomaohi 1t has an extremely
agreeable flavor, and is sold at a figure which
snables those OF the most limited means to avail
themselves OF its ~virtues-
children derive great benefit from its
soothing properties when suffering with Group
and Whooping Cough.
Prioos-5oo. and 81 per bottle; largest, cheape~f
SOLD BY L DRUGGISTS.
C N. GRTTTsKToN, Sole Prop'r, MY
The Cheyenne daily leader. [volume] (Cheyenne, Wyo.) 1870-1884, 1883-11-21

w Invariably Cures Coughs,
Colds, Hoarseness, Sore Threats,
Asthma, Group, and all Affec-
lions Of the Breathing Organs.
The Ketchum keystone. (Ketchum, Idaho) 1881-1884, 1883-03-30

The number OF men at ple esent em-
ployed n mining pursuits in this
region is about GOO Extensive
quartz lodes have been found in
Douglass Island, near Harrisburg;
the assay value of rock is not high,
out the extent OF the lodes and
their proximity to salt water make
them valuable. Two quartz mills
Of five stamps each are at work on
the quartz lodes, The geological
formation along the Alaska coast is
Chrystalline1, clay, states and
granite. An examination Of the
coast extending to l50 miles north
Of Fort Simpson was made BY Prof.
Richardson, Dominion Geelogist.