davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01

on the average, from one-half
of them there are ten loads of
grain and other products to
be hauled to market, and of fuel to be
brC ught back, distance of ten miles
on the average-we include only half
the farms. Call the cost per load only
50 for man, team. and wear of vehicles,
when the wagoning is good. If the
prairie and other roads are soft, wet,
and miry, only half q load can he
taken-often the team can barely
draw the empty wagon. If from the
condition of the roads the number Of
loads must be doubled, the aggregate
increased cost amounts S7,0O0,000-or
enough to make fourteen thousand
miles of good roads at an outlay of
$500 on each mile.
Another illustration. Take town.
ship of the regular size, six miles
square. 4 road along each section, or
square mile, east and west, or north
and south, would require Sc miles.
Suppose the town voted to expend
800 per mile on these roads, ard
this sum would make them fairly
available at all seasons. This, if paid
down, would amount to S7200 or 81 y
cents per acre for the township. Will
any one question that with good roads,
available at all seasons for marketing
and bringing home fuel, for town
and church going and other travel,
all the land In the region would be
worth on the average at least one dol
lar an acre more, or three times the
assessment? On farm of 100 acres
the tax would be S3l.25-not a third
of the cost of an extra horse, to say
nothing of his keeping. In fact,
would it not pay well to expend $500
per mile on all the leading roads,
amounting to 81 an acre? The annual
interest on this would be but So or 81
for each l00-acre farm, and who would
not pay that to have good roads al
\ WayS
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
lsnecinl 10 INC sratesmnn !

SAN ANTONIO, Jan. 30.-The wreck
Of a freight train occurred on the In
ternational railway early this morn
ing, between here and Laredo. There
was little damage but delay of trains
Officials of the Southern Pacific
deny the report that they will soon
branch out into Chihuahua, Mexico.
They say they have enough TO do
watching the Texas Pacific.
Ed. ii. Bacon, a well known painter,
became dilirious on the street to-day
from brain fever and excitement. He
was placed in care Of the county
judge.
Marshal Gosling, Joe Shelley and
Conductor Morrill, have returned from
Nashville, where they carried Polk.
Gosling says the reward business is
not settled yet, but they will get IL.
Price and Cameron, who helped Polk,
are believed to be in Monterey.
SAN ANTONIO, Jan. 30-The city
council elected the following new Of
flcers: Assessor, G. Foosch; treasurer
James Mirtar; weigher, A. A. Muncy;
rity clerk, E. L. Clandon; assistant,
p. H. Marks; city attorney, 8 e.
Newton; physician, Ed Bennett; sur
veyor. G. p. Smith; market master,
VIM. Edgar; ditch commissioners, r.
G. Huntress and b. wilkins; marshal
Phil. Shardien; assistants, Tom Hughes
and H. Karber; night clerk, Joseph
| Koon; tailor, VIM. Bitters.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
Our BarbariOus Prison System.
IN Y Sun !


The abuses and stupidities of our
system of punishment for criminals
are 80 great and numerous. and its
administration is so bad in very i'm
portant particulars, that a civilized
society ought to compel reform of
the evils in order to justify its preten-
sions to enlightened humanity-tO
common sense even.
However much we may have ad-
vanced in other directions. we are still
far behind the best European practice,
so far as concerns penal justice and
the treatment of criminals. The con-
dition of things Is not so disgrace
full as it was in the days when De
Toequeville said, "The jails of the
United States are the worst / have
ever seen," but it is bad enough yet.
There has been great improvement in
certain institutions andamong certain
communities, it Is true, but our COM
mon county jails, even i'll the state OF
New York. are still wretched habita-
tions, for the most part. where the in
mates are confirmed in y1Scious habits
so that when they are turned loose
the crime into which, perhaps. they
only casually fell. becomes their regu-
lar profession. They are made chronic
and bitter enemies of society.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
Poultry Feeding.

TroughS are unnecessary. a long
board, with a small block under each
end. is sufficient. Distribute the food
on this evenly, from one end to the
other, and rs soon as the fowls have
finished feeding brush OFF the board
and stand it on end out of the way.
This insures cleanliness. Water
should be changed several times day
and can be given in any vessel that
will exclude the feet of the fowls.
The vessels advertised to hold "a sup
ply for several days" are excellent, but
are at times detrimental, as nothing
should avoid or prevent frequent
change of water. Never feed on the
ground. Feed very early in the morn
ing and as late in the afternoon as
possible. In the morning feed finely.
chopped grass, radiSh tops, mus
tard or any other kind of green food
Mt hand, mixed with corn-meal,
to which may be added proportion
of salt, fine bran and linseed or
cotton-s. ed meal. Mix the corn-meal,
etc, with water to stiff dough. In
winter, good clove-hay may be chop
ped fine, soaked over night, and sub
stituted for green food. Meat is al
ways welcomed by fowls. AT even
ing, feed hard grains such as mix
ture of wheat, corn, and oats, and, If
easily obtainable, buckwheat. Have
in the yards, and easy of access, small
boxes containing mixture OF char
coal, sulphur, bones, and oyster shells.
broken small; also give plentiful
supply of gravel. In winter, feed
ing place should be cleared off for the
fowls when snow is on the ground
and temporary shelter open to the
south, will be more acceptable to
them than the inside of the best pos
sible fowl-house. as they are ayerse to
staying in quarters.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS AND
THINGS.

The revolutionary party has gained
decisive battles in Ecuador.
The religious insurgents Of Soudan
are again causing alarm in Egypt.
O'Brien, the editor of the United
Ireland, has been committed for libel.
The moderate Republicans in the
French assembly favor compromise.
The Porte suspects that the Arme-
nian insurrection is fomented by Rus
sia.
A reward of $4,000 has been offered
for the capture of the Panama rob-
bers.
Twenty-one cattle In stock train
at Elkhalt, Indiana. were found frozen
TO death.
The Columbus Catholic Diocese has
paid $4,000 Of its debt within the past
two years.
A prominent physician Of Hancock
county, Ohio, committed suicide on
Sunday night.
The Pope's letter to the Irish bish-
ops is particular in its denunciation Of
secret societies.
a plan Is talked OF at P1tUSburg for
arbitrating disagreements between
miners and operators.
A man of reputed wealth. who fol-
lows the profession of burglary. was
arrested at Canton, Ohio.
The total number OF manufactur-
ing establishments in the United
States is t5S,S22, according 10 tle last
census bulletin.
A murderer in the st. Louis jail
committed suicide by throwing him
self from the third tier of cells down
TO the stone floor.
The Dublin correspondent of Lon
don journal thinks the Identification
OF the Phoenix Park assassins by The
inlormeFs will be impossible, AS the
conspirators chGrged with the murder
oI the officials were in great part un
known TO each other.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
RAes and Oxygen.

The idea that comparatively small
supply of oxygen for the healthy exist
ence, (says a correspondent in the
Country Gentleman) is one which VIII
help to explain somG problems in api-
culture. 1t is not in a quiescent state
only that they require less pure air
than the larger animals. Left to
their natural instincts they seal up
every crevice about their hives except
the entrance. A moments reflection
must convince any one that with only
one small external orihce, and with
every space between the combs filled
with the living. working, breathing
insects. the queen and her progeny
must be doing their work in an at
mosphere which would be speedy
death to any quadruped. The pupse,
sealed up in their cells in this same
slightly Ventilated hive, afford another
example of how the growth and
change in insect life may go on with
very slight supply of oxygen.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
[specinl to The statesmnn. |

BELToN, Jan. 30.-The weather is
fine. Enterprising spirit runs high.
Theatre lovers have been on the 20
for several weeks, while several
troupes have engagements to come
soon.
An extensive addition and fourth
story, with other improvements, is TO
he made Immediately TO the City
Hotel. It will then be one Of the
finest in the state.
j. l.. Peay, late of Georgetown. has
Just completed at a cost of $1,000 his
livery outfit, which is second TO none
in the state.
The cry for wood is hushed now.
since Mr.. Ware has started a saw mill
for cutting fire wood. Such an enter
prise is quite convenience for a
town.
Three little fights this evening were
soon quelled by the vigilant police
force backed by the county officers.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
The Empire.


Inc absence of talk regarding can
didates was one of the striking fea-
lures OF the recent meeting here of
the National Republican committee,
1t was to be expected that at such q
gathering of politicians, on the eve of
a presidential contest, the names and
claims of prominent men in the party
should have been quietly discussed.
1t was noticed, however, that the
members had little or nothing to say
on the subject. The convention will
be held in little more than year,
and it Is time for early "booms" to ap-
pear. The New York Sun has
sounded the tocsln Of alarm at Gen.
Grants designs for a third term, and
here and there speculation crops out
respecting the presidential hopes and
chances of Arthur, Lincoln, Edmunds,
Blaine, Logan and other leaders OF
the party. There are, moreover.
few serio-comic nominations, as usual,
before the real campaign opens.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
Especial 10 the stntennan., ,

TYLER, Jan. 30.-The northbound
passenger train on the International
road jumped the track about one mile
south OF Mineola to-day, throwing
two cars and baggage car into the
ditch. killing one man. The company
sustains considerable damage in this
misfortune. The southbound train.
in consequence of this wreck, was de-
layed several hours.
This morning Judge Morrill, read
the sentence of J. G. West. who has
been on trial here for passing improp-
er matter through the mails to Miss
Sadie Coggswell, of Palestine, last
spring. The sentence was one hun
dred dollars fine and costs Of the suit,
to be paid by-Friday next; and falling
to do so, to be imprisoned for twelve
months.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
fsnecIal 10 The statesmnn.

DALLAS, Jan. 30.--A fire broke out
at Terrell this morning, destroying
the Texas express company's building
and part Of the contents; also, five
hundred bales of cotton on the rail-
road platform. The loss is estimated
at $4,000. Pretty well insured The
wire has been down all day, so we
have been unable to collect full details
The fire was started by sparks from a
railroad locomotive.
Unknown burglars went through
Douglas Bros merchant tailoring es-
tablishment last night and relieved II
of large amount of clothes and
goods.
The German citizens committees
started out to-day. and up TO T. might
have secured cash collection Of
nearly 5000 for the relief Of the Hood
sufferers In Germany, and several
thousand dollars will yet be raised.
A stalwart church Disagreement
has broken out in the CiItholic church
congregation, Bishop Garret and part
of the congregation being opposed 70
large and influential element. The
trouble and its true inwardness
promises to drift into the papers ex-
tensively in day or two.
The Catholics opened "A fair tonight
to continue five days and nights. The
object is to aid in establishing st.
Patrick's parish church, to cost up
wards of $4,000. The opening Is a
big success. The ground Is already
purchased and the church Is 10 be be-
| gun soon.
George Bennett, who was tried and
acquitted in the district court OF
stealing horses from Mr.. M. AIRING
ton, of Hood county, to-day made an
affidavit aga inst Arlington, charging
him with false imprisonment and then
stealing saddle, bride, etc, from him.
He declares he can and will put Ar
rington in the penitentiary.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
NO. 26.
To Regulate the Practice Of Den.
tlstry.

GREENvrLLE, TEXAS. Jan. 20, 1883.
To the Editor Of the Statesman:
see in the STATESMAN that bill
has been introduced in the senate en-
titled "An act TO regulate the practice
of dentistry" etc. Against this meas
ure l, as dentist. desire to utter hay
protest. 1t is evident that the con-
coctors of this scheme only desire TO
monopolize its whole practice. They
think, forsOoth. that because they
have had few advantages over other
men by having gone through a course
at some so-called dental college, and
acquiring a smattering Theoretical
knowledge of dentistry, that they
must monopolize the whole practice
and that the most sklllful dentist.
simply because he may not be able 10
answer a certain routine of questions,
must be cut off from practice, his ayO-
cation taken from him, and his means
of livelihood destroyed. And for
what purpose? Simply to crafty the
avariciouS propensity OF q few So
called oollege-bred dentists, who, so
far as the practical part of dentistry
is concerned. and that is the main
desideratum, are lamentable failure.
Dentistry, to very great extent, is a
mechanical art. The most skillful,
successful and popular dentists
that have ever known were
men who, by their peculiar
bent of mind and practicable and nat
ural adaptability to their profession,
have become emiuently successful
and have been great blessings to their
country, but VINO. doubtless, could not
answer the questions those theoretical
college bugs might PROFOUND.
| believe the desire on the part of
these few men is to monopolize the
practice by forcing good men out OF
the practice and compelling every body
who may want work done to come
before them, when they can charge
just what they please and palm off on
them for fine work and material a
Dotch job and the cheapest amalgam
they can buy. They propose to place
the masses of the people at their
mercy and force them, nolens volens,
TO patroniZe them, that they may
wiring from them their hard earnings
without valuable consideration.
am opposed to taking from the people
their God given rights by debating to
them who they shall contract with to
do their work. Why, the next thing
in order will be board Of examiners
for carpenters, blacksmiths, shoe
makers, etc; and l submit that it
would be just as much right to estab-
lish board of house-carpenters as a
board Of contemporaries. But for
fear tax your time l will close for
the present. Very respectfully,
A. OLIVER.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
How Good Country Roads Pay.
american Agriculturist.


Very few persons take correct
view of the actual profits to farmers
of good roads, or of how much they
can afford to pay for them. Our daily
kilograms from the west supply one
hint. All along in autumn, and not
unfrequently during the winter, we
can read between the lines of these
dispatched that business is active, the
markets brisk, everybody cheerful and
hopeful in all departments of trade,
manufactures, agriculture, etc., or
the reverse of all this, ac-
cording to the state of the
country roads generally. 1t is fact
that in some years, for months to-
gether, the whole traffic of the coun-
try, and the activity and prosperity of
all classes, are largely diminished, and
the losses incurred amount to very
many millions of dollars, because the
condition of the roads stops general
intercourse. and practically prevents
the marketing of grain and other
crops at the proper season.
Another view. Take, for illustra-
tion, say the zoo 1000 farms in Illinois,
Iowa and Indiana. Suppose that.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01

The New York Herald's Washing
ton correspondent says: "It is IA truth
which ought to be understood that
the Republican chiefs have made
themselves, and are making their
party, the agents of wealthy monopo-
lists, whose service they are doing at
the expense of every other interest in
the country, manufacturing and agri-
cultural. Apparently they believe
that the next election Is to be carried
by money, and they are making friends
OF those great capitalists and monopo-
lists who flourish at the cost of the
taxpayers and by the help of bad
laws and the imposition of needless
taxes" The whole talk about reform
among these same Republican chiefs"
has been the meTest sham. They know
they carried the last election, even
with the lavish use of money, by such
pitifully small popular majority that
they will have to draw OH all the re-
sources of every corruption fund and
of the fat benehciaries Of the protec-
tive system to get means to buy up
the election of 1884. Republican chiefs
would not be Republican chiefs unless
they were glued to monopolies and
unjust taxing systems.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01

THE SPEECH of Senator Terrell.
delivered in the senate on Friday, de
serves more than II passing report FL "a
the proceedings of that body. Said
he:
Sunday laws are but entering
wedges to make this government
religious, instead OF social ana
political institution. II those WHO
advocate Sunday laws do so because
they wish 10 declare by law what day
of the week is the Sabbath OF God,
answer. you have no right to state so
vexed Il religious question oy civil
laws. If am told that this law must
be passed to compel me TO observe a
day Of rest, then l answer, you have
no riyht to tell me when shall rest.
That concerns the individual man,
and you have the same right to pre-
scribe by law what l shall eat and
drink. the shape Of my wearing ap-
parel, or how many hours in the week
I shall sleep. Such laws are eIisering
wedges to trammel the conscience,
and IL not checked will, sooner or
later, end by invading your household,
governing your social life and pre-
scribing the form of your devotions.
Surely such laws are calculated to
degrade governments. and no
government, unless it be
u military despotism. can enforce
them. Civil governments were never
made to coerce people In the exer-
else of conscience; and especially
when attempting to interfere in mat
.ters of religious observances does
governmental power become
most arbitrary and unjust, while
among n people imbued with any of
the spirit of freedom it must weaken
and destroy governmental influence.
But there is fanatical class always
present to radicalize government or
society, and, succeeding therein, they
destroy the good that is in society
Us well as benefits to be derived from
conservative power wisely exercised.
Often the pulpit lends aid to such
fanatieA undertakings, and then the
cause of christianity suffers, because
it Is degraded. Civil and religious
laws should ever remain distinct and
apart, for when it comes to sustaining
religious law with statute law the for
mer is bereIt of its sacredness. In
matters of religious faith the doc
,trines of creeds should control, for any
appeal to the civil power to en-
rorec religious laws is declaration
that religion is powerless. This we
do not believe to be so, and yet the
bigoted and the fanatical and sensa-
tional are found 10 make this very ad-
mission. From the pulpit they
anake the admission that christianity
IS powerless for good; tl.at through
eighteen centuries 1t has lived,
at last to appeal to tickle,
falacious civil law for protection. 1t
is an error into which many fall, but
the world is full of erring mortals
md it is exercise of christian piety to
be generous to these.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
Especial 10 The statesman.l !

GALVESTON, Jan SO.-The commisS
sion of appeals affirmed Cheveral vs.
Mccormick, from Harris; Lanier ct al
VS.. Perryman, from Liberty; Gibson
vs.. Millican, from Freestone; Half,
Weiss & Co. VS.. NVelder, from Refu-
gio. Reversed and remanded Hester
ct al VS.. Merganthall, from Freestone;
Meade Company VS.. Arringdale, from
Waller; Jones VS.. Watson, from JEFF
ferson, and Blanton VS.. Mayes, from
Chambers
The supreme court affirmed the city
OF Corpus Christi VS.. Waesner, from
Nueces; Walton VS.. Walton, from
Grimes; Dawson VS.. knight q New
ton. Reversed and ~femanded lrobin-
son ct al VS.. Fitzpatrick, from San Jar
cinto; II. 4. and w. 4. railway VS..
Adams ct al, from Polk; Masterson
VS.. Cundiff. from Houston county;
benson vs.. Love ct al, from San Ja-
cinto.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01
HOUSEHOLD CHIT-CHAT.

Smoked plaques are In great favor.
A popular set represents night and
morning.
Plaques of embossed and gilded
feathers are mounted in hammered
brass, and are very beautiful.
The most stylish bonnets for young
ladies are entirely without trimming,
and are composed Of rolled velvet or
plush.
Fur, plush, Stimulating fur, and
Russian Astrakhan cloth are the most
fashionable materials used for street
costumes.
Fashionable 4 o'clock tea sets are
in Wedgwood, Copeland and Minton
wares. One in shaded rose color
finished in gilt is very beautiful
Raised ribbon embroidery still holds
its own in combination with silk and
gold thread. 1t abounds on table
scarfs, sofa pillows and toilet articles.
Broad strings for hats and bonnets
are again coming into favor. Even
ing bonnets are still much trimmed
with scarfs of Spanish lace and point
applique.
The favorite roses for personal use
and home establishment are the Mare
chal Neil, Jacqueminot, Catherine
Mermet, Cornelia Cook, La France,
Nephetis and Perles du Jardin.
Fringes are no longer used except
for cloaks. Lace, on the contrary, is
in great vogue as trimming for dresses.
White satin and velvet are the favor
ite materials for burial dresses.
A charming boudoir set is In old
blue majolic;L The handles OF the
cream Jug and sugar bowl are two
brown baboons. Those of the tiny
| cups are slender, and represent the
buds of a white lily.
A fine India rug is in rich colors
| fine shading, with no positive design
One from Ouchack has a crimson
ground, with red and blue design
The Ahloowalia rug resembles this
but is much finer and of longer nap.
Recently imported vases of Dresden
| china are in sets of four, representing
the seasons. In shape they are like
ewers, and are either placed upon
pedestals in corners of the room OF
used separately in front Of the hearth
Some of the handsomest dinner set:
are of Austrian china painted by
hand, all the pieces differing. One in
particular, from Carlsbad, is worthy
of note. The fish plates follow the
same rule.
Ornamental combs are much worn
| in amber, coral, ivory and conch shell
| In the latter material, especially, most
hpautiful designs are wrought while
in the others preference is given tC
those surmounted by round and cut
balls.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1883-02-01

Mr.. ]. T. Smith, of Leicester, Eng
land, has suggested novel method Of
building bridges, either for temporary
or permanent use. which seems TO
have many advantages both in sim
plicity and cheapness- Iron or steel
cylinders, twenty, Iorty or more NOR. ieet Zee
eted TO roll iron or steel ribs, are rolled
into the stream over which it is de-
sired to carry the bridge. These gi-
gantic cylinders, with half their di-
ameters sunk under the water, form
SO many arches upon which level
road can easily be thrown The cyl
inders can be built upon the spot
where they are required, or, filled in
with a temporary floor at one end, can
be readily hoated to their destination.
The system is expected TO be useful in
laying railroads across land subject 70
occasional foods.