New-York tribune., 1883-03-12
GORTSCHAKOFF DEAD.
HIS LIFE CLOSED AT BADENBADEN.
BADEN BADEN. March 11.-Prnce Gortschakoft,
the ex- Chancellor Of the Russian Empire, Is dead


Prince Alexander Michaelovtch Gortschakoff, who
had charge of Russias foreign relations for twenty
six years, was born July 10, 1913. He was
educated at the Lyceum at Zarskoe-Setlo, an
Z Establishment founded by Catherine III. Here
he had for a felow-student and intimate friend
the celebrated poet Pouchkine. He made his
debut as a dipomatist soon after complet-
ing his studies appearing at the Congresses OF
Laybach and Vienna as member of the suite OF NJ
de Nesselrode, the famous diplomatist In 1924 he
was secretary of the Russian Legation in London
where he occupied himself mainly with the study of
the modern languages In 1880 he was Russian
Charge dAffaires at Florence. In 1882 he was at
tached to the Russian Legation at Vienna, where
the illness and death of his chief imposed upon him
great responsibility and gave him great IN
fuence In 1S41 he was Ambassador
Extraordinary at Stuttgart. where he negotiated
the marriage of tho Grand Duchess Olga with
the Prince Royal of Wiirtemburg. The ability dis
played by Gortschakoff In this transaction was
great the King of Wiirtemberg having personal
objections to a Russian alliance. Ihe emperor
Nicholas was delighted at the success of the nego-
tiation, and Gortschakof made Privy Coun-
cilor and raised to the rank of Leutenant-Generai
But he remained at Stuttgart for four years longer
During the important revolutionary events OF
1S48 he maintained prudent reserve. out
he was in an excellent position for acquiring
information which he forwarded to his Government.
He studied carefully the political condition of Ger
many. When tho reaction of 1850 came he was the
advocate of moderate measures; and IL has heen
confidently asserted that at his post at Stuttgart he
took leading part in the abdication Of Ferdinand
l. of Austria In favor of his nephew Francis Joseph.
At Frankfort where he sometimes resided he cuti-
waited the society of Bismarck, his Prussian col
league and then young Lie utenant In the Land
wehr
In 1854 Gortschakoff was Ambassador at Vienna,
replacing there Professionally at first and afterwards
definitely the Baron de Meyendorf. This was the
post to which he had long aspred, as it was consid-
ered with that of London, the highest diplomatic
position. He exhibited remarkable tact and pohti-
cal ability during the Crmesn war; AT Vienna he
encountered NJ. Drouyn de Lhuys. Minister of For
egn Affairs in France and Lord John Russell, after
ward President of the Privy Council of England.
He extored Difference from both tho French and
English plenipotenaries The negotiations were
broken off and che war went on. AT the Paris
Convention in March, 1856 1t was mainly
through his influence that the treaty was
signed. The day after the Congress, IN April.
1855, Count Nesselrode retiring on account OF
age, Prince Gortschakoff became Minister OF For
G IN Affairs Although, bv the Treaty of Paris,
Russia had lost Ter naval prepondcrance In the
Black Sea- Gortschakohs ability negOtiator
stood higher than ever In 1857 he attended the
Emperor Alexander during his interview with TIE
Emperor Napoleon III. at Stuttgart.
For some time the relations Of Gortschakof with
the Emperor Napoleon remained upon friendly
footing. They had u common fos in Austria. In
all treaty negotiations the Russian and French
Ministers appeared TO agree most cordially. Eng
land and Austria upon one side; France, Rus-
sa and Prussia usually ufon the other. But III
1860 in consequence OF events occurring at Naples,
Gorlschakoff addressed his celebrated circular to
the powers of Europe, urging upon France and
England their own principle of the in-
dependence of nations and protesting against
the interference of Western Powers with the inter
nal policy of the Two Sicilies Russia" he said,
&" does not suk; she collects herself" and for the
four wears following through all diplomatic confer
ences through all propositions for congresses and
all nesotiations OF sovereign nuS''h
was not backward IN assisting the Emperor Napo-
leon in the expedition to Syria IN 1851 for the pro-
that there was much talk of repressing the Turk.
French vessels were in the waterS OF the orient,
menacing Turkey hardly two years after the con-
| Russian Minister greatly reilshed. True 10 ms
| policy in 1862 he refused 10 participate In the
| IN the affairs OF the United States From
| 1850 to S63 he responded with great coo!ness 10
| the interference of France and England with the
affairs of Poland, reasserting the dissemination OF
| Russia to submit TO foreign dctaton. His course
| on this occasion increased his popu lrty IN Russia
| and his reputation an able Minister abroad. In
| 1868 the Emperor who had made him Vice-Chance-
| Tor IN 1862, promoted him TO the Office OF Chance-
lor of the EmWre In ls6o he succeeded In Grngnig
| clergy OF Poland from the Holy See.
The i'll fortune of Austria IN the Italian war and
| her defeat at Magenta and Solferino was the first
instalment of Russian revenge Tor the vaciIIating
| policy OF Austria during the Crmean war But
| the Russo French alliance by this tune was well
over. A distruSt o. France and OF the Emperor Ma
| in which all Europe shared. 1t
has been said that G rtschakott made use of the EN-
| peror Napoleon without using him too much.
| Meanwhile, his understanding with Bismarck con-
thu I'd friendly. In October 1870 the Franoo-Ger-
| man war gave to Gortschakoi an opportunity OF
| which lie was not slow TO avail himself lbe mOItl-
| fcations aud losses OF Russia occasioned by the
Treaty of Paris demanded in his eyes Ms revision.
and this he secured at the London Conference IL. III
year put end 10 the naturalization OF the Black
| sea. For this servci the Emperor conferred npon
Gortschakoff the title of Serene Highness. In the
| Central Asian question IN 1873. GOrtchakof III IN
tained his Old policy. willie t the same time he pre-,
| served friendly relations between England and
| Russla. Although IN feeble health lie continued
10 tl the Office of Chancellor, his summers beng
usually spent in Switzerland or Germany. Upon
| the breaking out OF the war with Turkey he ac-
| companied the Emperor to the field. but did not
long there. After the cessation OF hoslities
he was active as usual III guiding dlplOlnstc ar
| Tangements, taking part III the Berlin CohicT-
| ence He addressed note to the II giIsh
Government, OF a comparatively friendly cD5fac-
| ter and suggesting the cooperation OF Eng
| land in the settlement OF pending questions:
| In the early part of 1879 Prince OoitschakOn
addressed a letter to the English Government III
reply to a despatch from Lord Salisbury, III which
he curtlv malntained that II was the duty OF
| Europe TO protect the BulgaIians OF Eastern
| Roumea from Turkish msrule, ntlmating That
| # Europe would not do this Russia would.
| Prince GOrtschakOfi frequently grew weary OF the
cares of Office and the annoy and ieaouses OF
| which his position made him the victim lie
resigned his post in 1867 but at the earnest appeal
| of the Car he resumed the direction OF loregh
/ affairs. In November, 1879 after making several
| REQUESTS 10 be relievod lac determined on retiring
| from the Chance llorship, and Tor a time sue
| ceeded by Valnie0 On April 9, 1882, lac re-
tired permanently from the post OF Chancellor
and Minister for Foreign Affairs and was
| " NJ de (iiers who had held the post OF