davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
THE WATER SUPPLY OF CITIES.

A copious and constant supply of pure
water is a source of comfort, luxury, safety
and health, and has become necessity of
modern civilization. The most refined and
cultivated nations have always been large
consumers of water. With the Orientale
cleanliness is akin to godliness. Moham-
med directed disciple to commemorate
his mother by digging a well, and
relics of antiquity. The baths of
Diocletian and the aqueducts OF
Rome, with the reservoirs of Je-
rusalem and Damascus, are colossal tri.
umphs of engineering Yet, despite the
magnitude of the water.works of the ORR.
entails, Greeks and Romans, and their Law
ish supply for public uses and in the houses
of the rich, the ancients seem to have had
no conception of the modern use of water as
sanitary necessity to the community at
large. Furthermore, many modern appli-
cations of water, as for fire service,
sprinkling streets and lawns, flushing sew.
ers, and to supply manufactures, laun-
dries, hotels, elevators, steam engines and
railroads, were wholly unknown to them.
The great cities of the past were supplied
from huge rock-hewn cisterns for receiving
and storing rain, or by aqueducss which
often extended for miles, spanning valleys
and rivers, and containing daily supply
for each inhabitant often three or four
times greater than we can now pro-
vide.. With the introduction OF
Christianity, and owing largely to the
immoral practices connected with pub
lie bathing, the latter habit was discour-
aged by religious teachers and fell into
disuse, so that personal cleanliness became
exceptional, and the filthy habits of the
masses undoubtedly promoted the spread of
the plague and other great medieval cpl
denies. Dublin was one of the first mod
ern cities to introduce a public water
supply. This occurred in the thirteenth
century, when in most cities Of the Euro
pean continent the supply was provided by
street carriers. A curious regulation pro-
vided that the pipes connecting with indi.
vidual dwellings should not exceed the
size of goose-quill, which indicates the
vslue put upon the water. London did not
have public supply until some 400 years
later, and then through the muni6cence and
public spirit of some Lord Mayor or Sheriff
anxious to distinguish his term of Office by
comforting SO great boon upon his con-
stituents. In 1882 Dutch engineer
erected water-wheel at London Bridge,
the first pumping machinery used in Eng
land. The earliest efforts to supply Paris
with water were under the patronage of
religious bodies, the oldest aqueduct hav-
ing belonged to the Abbey Of st. Laurent
Paris depended upon the Seine and small
aqueducts until within year.-[The North
American Review.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
THE POPULAR ESTIMATE OF LIBERTY

Professor w. G. Sumner, in one of his
recent popular essays on the relation of the
social classes to each other, rather hest.
tatingly asserts that the popular notion of
liberty is the right of every one to do as
he has a mind to-" and adds that this is
false and fatal belief. His own hesitation
is an evidence that he incorrectly reads the
popular heart, unless it is to be admitted
that ignorance predominates. The mass of
men in america have no such estimation of
civil observation-disclosures is not at SO low
an ebb as that. The essayist holds that
liberty is not metaphysical or sentiment
al thing. 1t is positive and practi.
cal. 1t is produced and maintained by
law and institutions, and is therefore con-
crete and historical" He discusses in that
connection the mischievous fallacy, to wit,
that civil liberty is the result of restraint
exercised by the sovereign people on the
more powerful individuals and classes of
the community, preventing them from
availing themselves of the excess of their
power to the detriment of the other
classes. He points out that liberty is not
aimed against somebody differentiated from
the sovereign people. Whenever the
word "people" is used in this sense for
anything less than tie total population
whenever the great dogmas which con-
tain the word '"people" are construed
under the limited definition of "people,"
there is always fallacy. Herein he strikes
the keynote of the topic. All
classes in all times have sought
power in order to live out of the
earnings of others. "Autocracies, ar
istocracies, theocracies, and all other organ
izations for holding political power, have
exhibited only the same line of action"
And again: at is the extreme of Political
error to say that if political power is only
taken away from generals, mobiles, priests,
millionaires and scholars, and given to
artisans and peasants, these latter may be
trusted to do only right and justice, and
never to abuse the power. What
history shows Is that rights are safe only
when guaranteed against all arbitrary
power and all class and personal interest,"
It may be added that the end and aim of
liberty, rightly understood, is to secure
under law the freedom of all in the State.
The authority to direct in a republic en-
anates from all, the duty to obey is the
duty of all. The reciprocal relation of
every man in the community to every other
must be understood in order to form just
conception of liberty under law and we
believe it is properly understood. We obey
the laws, as DR.. Hickok puts it, " because
of the good offered, or the evil
threatened. The DEGREES of authority to
secure the freedom Of the citizen spring
from the necessities Of all and each Of the
citizens under the law. Thus liberty ia
the right to do all that the law does not,
because of these necessities, prohibit in
order to secure to the individual the right
OF civil freedom in all things not inhibited.
It is q mistake to assume that the masses
do net thoroughly understand these mat.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

ters. As great writer once said, It is
folly to underestimate the wisdom Of the
common people," If the American people
do not have true conception of freedom,
then they have attained to a remarkably
high state under the operation of error.
The popular expression, when mere effsr-
yescence is not mistaken for it, comes from
the convictions OF the people who believe
in the permanency of American institu-
tions. The communists, the writers who
warn us of impending dangers and danger
GUS classes, the alarmists who fear that the
country stands upon the brink of ruin,
need to read deeper down in the hearts of
the people, and find there convictions that
are the results of progressive forces not to
be checked; the results of faith in our
civilization convictions that the human
race is not in decadence that civil free
dom is not misunderstood rooted reso.
luton that it shall not be impaired.
There are evils attending our social con-
dition," says Mongredien, "but if they
be SO inherent to it as to be inseparable
from it, whittier are our boosted civilizs-
ton and our restless advance in physical
science bearing us.' Admitting the evils
of the day, for arguments sake, to be of
the magnitude claimed for them, we cannot
believe that the American people have mis-.
conceived the idea of true democracy,
have a low estimate of civil freedom and
its duties, responsibilities and privileges,
or are unequal to the rectifcation of any
errors in The social system, without infring.
ing upon or narrowing the rights of any,
or placing greater burdens or duties on one
than on the other.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
MINING NOTES.

A nugget of gold weighing $40 was
found by lucky miner near Redding,
The Bellevue, 1. T., Daily San chronicles
the discovery of extensive coal deposits in
that vicinity.
Below the 700-foot level in the Arizona
Silver King mine the richness OF the ore is
said to be simply marvellous.
There have been forty. five mining dis.
tricts so far organized in Yavapai county,
Arizona. The Walker district is the Oldest.
The Point Sal gold mines, says the Sar
Luis Tribune, are yielding from 81 to 81
per day. The gold is very fine and min.
gled with black sand, which is found foul
to eight feet in depth along the beach.
The HOLSTER Adcance says K. S. Grit.
fin has sold the Vicksburg quicksilver mine
to William Simmons, Henry Lewis and
George w. Stayton, who propose to put on
large force at once and "work it for all
it's worth"
Many prospectors are travelling toward
the new mini. district on the Colorado
desert called the " Poorman's." Several
locations have been made there already,
and specimens OF rock asssyed are said to
be exceedingly rich.
We understand that number of boys,
none of them over seventeen years OF age,
have started into mining on their own &C.
count, and struck rich ledge in the neigh.
borhood of the Paxton incline. The ore ia
said to work 81, 500 per ton. Austin
New Democrat.
The PlacerviIle Democrat thinks that
with the Blair gravel claim. and the claims
of Gignac and the E. D. w. & d. G. NJ.
Co. at Texas Hill, and the Cedar and the
Kun Fa in full blast, there is promise of
unprecedented returns from gravel mining
in that neighborhood this fall.
A couple of proapectors believe they
have found the old channel of the stream
which deposited the gold in Weaver Dis.
trict, A. 7. A day or two ago they took
SIS from few pans of gravel. At various
times since 1862 pieces as large as hens
egg have been found in Weaver District,
which is about forty.five miles west of
Prescott
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
THE CONDITION OF PERU.

The condition of Peru is described by re-
cent visitors to that country as deplorable.
The Chileans keep the people in the promi-
nent sections under military surveillance.
In most Of the towns prosperity is unknown
under the rule of the enemy. Callao and
Lima alone, of all the cities, are in any
respect prosperous, and their activity is
mainly due to the business carried on by
American and English houses. While
there are few remaining signs of the havoc
of war visible to the eye, yet the Chilean
flag floats over the capital, and the soldiery
of Chile occupy the Government build
ings and throng the streets. Chile con-
trolls the customs, collects the revenues,
levies extortionate assessments upon the
people, and does all she can to cripple the
business of the country on whose eek she
has planted the iron heel of the conquerer.
The tax levies by which the enemy wrung
money from the Peruvians in 1882 amounted
to over IS, 200, 600. Labor finds no EN-.
ployment at all equal to its needs or de-
mand many business houses are closed,
from the simple inability of their managers
to respond to the extortions of the Chile
ans. The most onerous and vexatious
burdens are put upon the people. For ex-
ample, at Lima no one is permitted to pass
beyond the city limits on any pretext
whatever, except on pass, and this costs
IS, and requires return in ten days. The
people cannot even carry their dead with
out the city gates to give them sepulture
in the public cemeteries without payment of
this pass fee. The Peruvian citizen who
ofends Chilean soldier is in danger Of
meeting with speedy death at the hands of
the trooper, who has no fear of being
punished for the murder. Some of the
finest buildings in Peru have been disman.
tied, valuable works of art carried off, rich
Libraries sliced and sent to the conquerors'
country, and even the carvings of roof,
ceiling and wall in Government houses
have been torn down to be shipped away.
The soldiers of Chile throng the streets
and compel obedience to their slightest
commands. Many schools are closed, pub.
lie works are suspended, and general stag
nation prevails. This is, of course, true
only of the region along the coast, as the
ports are occupied by Chile, while in the
interior the Peruvians have maintained
their positions, but the burden of war has
nearly crushed out life, hope and ambition.
The people long for peace, but whosoever
would suggest acquiescence to the humili-
sting demands Of Chile would be in danger
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
pAcrrrc COAST ITEMS.

The smallpox at Montpelier, q. T., ii
spreading.
A ship yard near Seattle, w. T., is il
contemplation.
jackson county. Oregon, is building
new Courthouse.
Diphtheria of malignant type prevails
at Helena, M. I.
A white deer has been seen of late or
the Trinity mountains.
Four children at Weston, Oregon, each
had leg broken last week.
A heavy crop of walnuts is promised
from the Santa Ana valley.
A fourteen pound founder was cap
tured in the bay at San Diego last Thurs
day.
The bullion shipments from Salt Lake
last week aggregated seventy-three car
loads.
On Sunday freight train ran into a
band of sheep near MERGED, killing about q
hundred.
j. I. Mcintosh, of Chico, defeated Geo.
Deitzler, of Biggs, Wednesday, in a glass
ball match.
A Mexican collected sixty pounds of val.
liable ore from the streets of Virginia, New,
the other day.
One firm near Tacoma, w. T., propose
to make l,000,00 brick this year to sup.
ply the demands.
Oil prospects in the Pajaro valley are
considered favorable, and well is to be
bored in the foothills.
a fruit pest in the shape of fly that
lays an egg that matches borer has ap.
peared in some of the peach districts Of
Stanislaus county.
Advices from Fort Walsh, NJ. T., state
that the Canadian Crees, during their re-
cent raid over the border, captured on the
Marias river l50 head of horses.
Chesley Swinney, aged "a years, dropped
dead from heart disease Wednesday, on the
train between Woodland and Davisviile.
He was formerly resident of Watson.
vile.
Jack Mallory, a full-blooded Piute In.
dian, has filed homestead claim at Bodie
to an eighty-acre ranch in Round valley.
Mono county. Jack has cultivated his
land for seven years.
The rose fair at Santa Barbara has been a
great success. The collection of fresh cut
flowers on display is said to have never
been equaled. The citrus fruit exhibited
received much attention.
Last week five hundred lots in Missoula,
NJ. T., were transferred to the Northern
Pacific Railroad, the consideration being
that the company will build passenger and
freight depots in Missoula and not build a
town near enough to Missoula to damage it.
Several mich COWS have died at Winnie.
mucca lately, says the SLIDER State. Some
think they were poisoned by eating wild
parsnip, which grows luxuriantly at this
season while others think they eat some
other poisonous weed, as the symptoms are
not like those caused by wild parsnip.
In Carson, New, a saloon.keeper has two
bottles which he passes over the counter.
Upon one is pasted a certificate of 500
shares of Orc mining stock, and on the
other a 500.share certificate of Albion
mining stock, the aggregate. cost to him
OF the two certificates being over s., 500.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
THE WORLDS NEW DEPARTURE

The leading Democratic journal of the
American metropolis = the World - has
changed hands. There would be no espe-
cial significance in this if the paper did not
announce that the policy of its conduct is
to be made to conform to the better stan.
dard of journalism, which is independence.
How far this new independent position will
take the paper, time alone can tell. 1t
will probably ruin it in the estimation of
the Bourbons. 1t declares that it is to re.
main Democratic, but it announces its "in-
dependence of the political machine, and
of the Democracy which seeks to win the
spoils of Office from political rival" This
is practical abandonment of the standard
motto of the party, TO the victors belong
the spoils." Assuming the World to be
sincere in its new departure, the signifi.
canoe of the change becomes apparent. 1t
is one of the most convincing evidences of
the failure of the former and longtime
policy of the Democracy, and is frank
confession that the independence of the
Republican party is the chief element of
its strength, and the essential which must
give to any party vitality. The World
pronounces itself as above call local fac
tional quarrels." In this it confesses that
its recent declarations that the Republican
party is in danger of disruption from do
mestic and internal differences between
leaders and would-be leaders was without
point or force. Altogether the new de.
parture of the World is bad for old.time
Democracy. 1t is sntagonistic to all that
now holds the following of that party to-
gether Eliminate the "spoils doctrine
and the party becomes but lifeless remains.
Attempt to bring the voting file up to
conception of the doctrine that the party
is not bound to divide the plumber among
party pets, strikers and favorites, and the
file will desert in body. The decadence
of the Democratic party was never more
strikingly made manifest than in this new
departure and practical abandonment of
the party standard by its chief journal.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

THE DUMB SPAKE "A woman who got
aboard the eastern bound train on the De.
troit, Lansing and Northern at Howell, the
other day, was accompanied by big dog,
and after the train had moved out pas
senger walked back to the stove and asked
of three or four young men sitting around
there: "Can any Of you talk to deaf
and dumb person by signs?" g. can,
though l am little out of practice, 2" re-
Piled one. every well wish you'd go
and ask that woman over there If she ex-
poets friends to meet her in Detroit. The
young man walked up to her, tapped her
On the shoulder to attract attention, and
began series of gyrations with his fingers
which attracted the eyes of every passen-
ger in the car. The woman's eyes opened
and her Jaw fell with astonishment,
but after a minute or two she
colored up as red as beet and
called out "Yes, I've got my dog
under the seat, and if you mean
that you'll tell the conductor on me, I mean
that I'll hire some one to pitch you into a
snow drift if have to mortgage my farm p
The deaf and dumb language chopped off
right there - Detroit Free Press.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

ExERTING HER INFLUENCE. = "Jem, "
said politician, approaching an Irishman,
"you have been talking about me in way
calculated to iniure my prospects of cleo
ton, and propose to lick you right here. %
Well, sor, I'm at yer sarvice but was
jist on me way to take drink, an won't
We ioine me in bit of convivialitee, afther
which we'll foight." 81 don't care" the
politician replied, and they went into a
saloon. Jem drank, and slipped away,
leaving the politician to pay for the drinks.
Shortly afterwards the politician again met
the Irishman, and said "Now know I'll
thrash you. You scandalized me, and then
drank at my expense" "Colonel," said
Jem, solemnly. I'm in great distress, and
it wouldn't Look well for me aven to de.
fend meself. Me muther is dead" The
politician, touched by the solemn air of the
Irishman, walked away, and Jem, turn.
lug to an old acquaintance, remarked
ssThe old lady has been dead several
years. Its jiss loik mans muther. She
never fails to do him a good turn.
Mary is the tonne she's kept me out of
trouble, and aven now that I'm a grown
man she's still exerting her influence over
me. "-[ Arkansaw Traveller.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
CIVIL SERVICE REFORM IN NEW YORK.

Civil service reform is to be tested in
New York State locally. The law is now
in effect, and Governor Cleveland has ap.
pointed as the Commission Andrew d.
White, President of Cornell University
and ex-Minister to Germany, Republican
and well.known friend of the reform
Augustus Schoonmaker, ex.Attorney. Gen.
eral, Democrat of the better sort and
Henry A. Richmond, Of Buffalo, man
in whom the Governor reposes perfect con.
fdence. The Governor is himself pro.
nounced in favor of reform, but the party
back of him is rebuking him hourly, and
Tammany has openly rebelled. The new
law is very defective, but it was the best
Democratic Legislature dared grant.
But if vigorously executed, it will result in
good, despite the efforts that will be made
to nullify it.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

THE remark OF N. Lacour, Minister Of Foreign
Affairs in France, in answer to the question of the
Due de Broglie relative to the position Of France in
regard to the tripartie alliance was very discreet
He believed in the sincerity of the declarations Of
Signor Mancini, the Italian Foreign Minister. and
Herr Tsza, the Hungarian Premier, that no idea Of
aggression against France was entertained. He be.
lieved that the alliance would not in any way change
the relations of France with the powers. France,
he said must be prudent, for vanquished country,
which IS regainiug its strength and which is con.
demncd to maintain a large defensive force must
not be surprised to find itself exposed to jealousies
and distrusi.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

IT viii not do for the New York press to sneer at
the indignation aroused the Chinese opium den
disclosures 1t is all very well TO point out that
certain "wh'te quarters that city more vile
That is no excuse for Chinese Yieness The opium
habit is an imported one; this Chinese form of de-
hatchery is peculiarly demoralizing and offensive
the rapid spread OF the opium habit is alarmirg
and the press is sngulary shortsighted not to per
ceive that, whether justly or not the Chinese must
bear the burden of popular Indignation. But as
opium dens prior to the advent of the Chinese were
comparatively unknown, and the opium evil had not
manifested itself alarmingly, it is not unjust to
charge present results to the Chinese account.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

OF assault or death at the hands of his own
people. The condition of this unfortunate
country is, indeed, such as to lead many of
the thinking men Of that nation to believe
that it can only be ameliorated by foreign
intervention.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

In Spain, an old custom among the rural
people is never to eat fruit out of doors
without planting the seed. The roads are
lined with trees, whose fruit is free to all.
An old proyerb says, 1.-THE man has not
lived in vain who. plants good tree in the
right place"
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

THE cordial relation now existing between the
American and Mexican troops on the Mexican
frontier, and their earnest cooperation gives prom
Use for speedy and effectual close Of the Indian
campaign. We do not believe General Crook has
met with disaster. He did not advance without
familiarizing himself with all the conditions to
which he would be exposed
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

nal charges II any one of them is made to ''stick"
the people will be agreeably surprised, in view of
the bungiing management Of the case by the State
officers, who have had the manipulation of it.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

Our Democratic friends are annoyed at the promi
nence Of Kentucky in the party. kentucky blue
grass Democrats are seeking to dictate the policy OF
the party, and that will never do.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

Is this mornings issue another Of the interesting
glimpses Of foreign lands, BY Professor Kemsn. is
published. Il is the first Of two papers on Holland.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12

All communications for publication, and all
etters upon business with this Office, should be
addressed RzcoRD-UsIoS, WEEKLY USIos, or The
sacramento Publishing Company.