Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1883-05-02
CURIOUS, USEFUL AND SCIENTIFIC
MAGNETISM.

MAGNETISM
nj. Fave has found that a steel bar,
magnetized at a temperature of $50 de-
grees c., and then allowed to cool, de-
velops on being heated again quantity
of magnetism. which Is indeed some
times as much as three times the amount
possessed after the cooling. Some of
the experiments, however, made with a
view to observe the 1nhences of changes
of temperature on the magnetization of
steel bars, have shown still more pecu-
liar results. Thus, when certain bars
were magnetized at a high temperature
and cooled, their magnetism entirely
disappeared. and then changed sign; so
that, If bar had been magnetized when
hot III a certain direction, it was found
to be magnetized III the opposite direc-
tion after returning to the ordinary tenn
perature.
PROPERTIES OF CEsIUM.
hediscovery of cesium and rubidium
by Bunsen and Kirchhoff was, says Ma
ture, one of the first fruits of spectrum
analysis. These are the most electro
positive of all known elements, and
have remarkable affinity for oxygen
SO great in the case of caes1um that it has
heretofore been found impossible to
isolate the metal. The problem. how
ever, has now been solved by Herr
Setterberg, by elecrolysis of a
fused mixture of cyanide of
ca SUM and cyanide of barium
large quantities of these costly
substances having been placed at his dis
posal.) C@sium is quite like the other
alkali metals; it is silver white and very
soft and extensible. It's melting point
is about 260 &C.; and its specific gravity
1873, La the air it ignites spontaneously,
and when thrown on water behaves like
sodium, potassium and rubidium.
CONSERVATION OF SOLAR ENERGY.
DR.. G. w. Siemens, in a paper on
the conservation of solar energy, con-
tends that our solar system should no
longer impress us with the idea of pro-
digious waste through dissipation of en-
ergy INTO space, but rather with that
of we'll ordered, self-sustaining action,
capable of perpetuating solar radiation
to the remetest future, if the following
conditions naturally prevail: 1. That
aqueous vapor and carbon compounds
are present IN stellar or inter planetary
space. ?. That these gaseous COM
pounds are capable of being dissociated
by the suns energy while they are In a
state OF extreme attenuation. 3. That
these dissociated vapors are capable of
being compressed into the solar photo
sphere by process of interchange with
an equal amount of reas sociated vapors,
this interchange beng effected by the
centrifu al action of the sun itself.
HOW PERFUME is EXTRACTED.
One of the best methods of obtaining
perfumes is by the use of grease. The
process is called maceration. The best
fat employed is marrow, which is melt
ed In water bath and strained. While
it is still warm the flowers are thrown in
and left to digest for several hours.
They are then taken out and fresh ones
are placed in the grease. This is con-
tinued for several days. The grease and
perfume are then separated by the use
of alcohol. Beef marrow is not the
only substance used in extracting the
doors from the flowers. Inodorous oils
are also used, especially refined olive
oil, which is mere extensively employed
In the south of Europe. The process
used for delicate plants, such as
iasamine, tuberOse and cassia, which
will not allow the use of heat, is on the
principle of absorption. A layer of pu-
rified lard and such mixture Is spread
on the glass bottom of a square wooden
box, and upon this freshly gathered
flowers are spread every morning as
long as the flower is in bloom. The
boxes are kept shut, AMI the grease soon
acquires a very strong odor. In satu-
rating oil, instead of glass bottoms TO
the boxes wire ones are used, upon
which cloths soaked in oil are laid. and