New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-09-13
TILE BLAZE INVESTIGATION.
sH1P-BUILDING, LABOR. EDUCATION.


RETURN OF SENATOR PUGB-JoHN ROACH HEARD
AGAIN-A LETTER FROM DEXTER A. HAWKINS.
Senator Pugh. of Alabama who has spent the last
week IN examining the manufacturing industries OF
New-England, returned to this city yesterday, ana
was present at the session of the Senate Committee
on Education and Labor Of which he IS a memDer
Senator George of Mississippi. who accompanied
him, has returned to his native state. IN
conversation with TRIBUNE reporter MI
as II had given him an opportunity to examine
subject in which he was greatly Interested; namely,
the condition of the labOrlng classes in manuiactur-
Il was surprised" he continued. Ito find them so
we'll paid and so comfortably situated. Why, there
were mill operatives at Albion, where the chase
Woollen Mills are located, aud at South Manches-
ter the great silk manufacturing town, who 1--we IN
as fine houses as many capitalist In New-1OTk.
They own their homes and have snug little sums
of money in the savings banks Trades unions are
almost unknown. The employers study 10 Improve
the condition of their wor kmen. They loan them
money to build houses with, and charge only small
rate of Interest. They put up houses themselves
and rent them to their men at from ~ 10 $S MONTH
In one town found families which had been en-
gagged in sllk-maklng Tor nearly forty years.
NV opinion is that the w0rklngInen In the country
manufacturing towns are lar better of than those
in the cities"
mittee aud questioned further upon American ship
building. He stated that he desired III the hrst
place to correct false Impression which seemed TO
have been gwen by remark which he mad made 10
his pre- yIors testimony. lie did not wish to be
understood as saying that ships could DO built In
this country as c1eapl as ia England. We nave
the iron, the coal and the timber
for building ships IN greater abundance
than they have IN England" said he. But
as these materials contribute only onetenth to the
cost of an iron ship they hold only small place III
making estimates. It's The labor which Is put into
ship that forms the bulk of is cost. As long as our
woTkmcn here are paid higher wages man are pald
abroad JUST so long will the shlp-bullders OF the
CLYDE be able to Outbid American builders" Mr..
Roach said that he believed P rGtec-
Without it no industries with the exception
OF farming and mining, could possibly exist
During the past ten years the iinportati3ns OF COY.
ton and wooen goods and IRON bad averaged
Si,17S 900. 600 This he considered a startling
fact. aud which should arouse the capitalists
and statesmen of he country TO some decisive ac-
ton. Great Britain at the present time had one
thousand millions Of money invested In her silp-
ping To-day there were l42 900 men engaged IN
her sailing service and 10000 In her steam
service The earnings OF Der marine
last year were 800 100000 One reason why the
snpou drrs IN Great Britain had been able to
monOpolZe the business OF the world was the tact
that they had been assisted by subsidies. Tween v
five per cent OF the caplti invested IN shpbuldng
was drawn from the english Treasury and paid To
English snipbuIlders 10 enable them 10 break down
American compel ton. From 1918 To 1907
S14s 900 900 paid out IN subsidies by the
English Government. .
Roach. - for carrying the mails 10 Havana, but l
only asked for what was fair and Just nave often
pald more money for the transportation oil my mall
bags from Quarantine to TINS city than received
from the United states Government for carrying
them to Havana and back. believe thar the mails
should be gwen 10 the lowest bidder.
don't ask Tor subsidies. but | do want
the Government To r.poal the obnoxious laws
by W Icn It's officers have me rignt 10 go on my
vessels and tell captains that they cannot clear
unless they carry the mails ut such aud SUCH
l., spanking OF labor in general Mr.. Roach said
that one way 10 solve MANY Ot the difficulties
winch now arse was Tor the Government 10 give
100 acres OF Land to every man VINO WOULD 20 west
aud sctllc
senator Blair then read paper upon the cdnca-
tIona aud labor problem which bad been Tor
varied 10 the committee by Dexter ~ iiaWkihs'
Among other things the writer said:
Every person who performs q reasonable amount OF
daily labor during the period that lie j. competent 10
work entitled. ~ The fruits OF mat labor To fra-on
labor and dependent upon HIM Those VINO can
labor but won't are not emit led 70 any support at All
out Of the iruit Of their fellows. The OF the earth
dead level rivers are not oil equal sihei trees are
not oi a uniform height bgucss. aud men are no eN-
ccption 10 tins universal law Of natutci they diner IN
phy steal and intellectual chphcly Under any lhsl ana
equal laws some must and wlll become rich hnd others
poor; but the poorest the extent that they are willing
D WORK. entitled 10 loOt clothing shelter and educa
and the wralthir7t 80 Tar ~ they comply WIN tue
w are entitled the fun and complete Protcct aud
enjoyment all their pos7o--on- Tho chci cause Oi
mutual eKigeucics OF capital aud labor Capital re
qu-, safety aud rehsoninc increase l"n3r requires
constant employ mcnt al reh'ohhpic wages an -uic pay
ment IL interest o the lab,rer that Ms EN-.
ployer whether an Individual or CONFORMATION should
ample capital aud that thlS chpti -houd increase
from year year from the proceeds OI business rms
steady employ ucut ana prospect ol
"A rise IN wages. II the capital u not ample the uent
uucertau aud II the business does not increase the
capit WAGES cannot rsc In they will fall and the
capita VIII seek OTHER and more piohtabe Investment
Thc strikers sOmce- at IIisburg few years ago.
destroy capital; TINS Il Kng the goose that 9TH rwse
could lay golden egg Tor them. and results from
Ignorance mutual interest and atiOns of capital
and Labor Id Icicd labor would never to raise wages,
resort to The destruction OF capital. any than
hungry crowd would destroy food I'm order 10 Increase
the supply H. Intelligence In the abOror Is to dag
essential 20 u high productive capacity. We must euaDl
our ,bor To Keep abrest OF the progress Of the world
or our country Will fall 10 the Ignorance bcges
ignor nee aud Il long slow and painful struggle 20
intelligence The labor unions throughout this country
see TINS, tnd 'het making wise and just demand
upon Government Or laws that shall secure To every
child IN tine country "a 20 clenentIry education
Careful experiment add examination have Dir nonStratcl
that a good elementary educdtl0n such as should De
given To every youth the free schools, adds
30 per cent average To his capacity a mere
productive machine. what IL would be were he IL
Ia the United States thcIc according 10
the census OF 1880. 42Ol,3 1862 ilncrate adults. The
maximum annual loss the country the labor OF
each or S2l62l9.lOO IN all, which Ii more than tho
annual cost whole system OF public education IN
the entire country. II is my deliberate judgment that
your honorable committee could not do wiser thing
your influence to secure from the National
Government the demand of labor for universal eluca
ton the elementary branches of knowledge and in
dustry Amer the Nation done what Is asked, then
the States will be able 10 preserve support and enforce
universal education.
MAYOR'S POWER To RE TESTED