, 1883-07-26


disciplined and oliicaced, displayed
many instances Of great bravery and
/ courage. as we'll as skill il directing
and aiming their guns. This was
notably the case in the siege OF Tinz
hal and Clinical ana in the assault on
the forts o. Pau5hang and Wusung,
where the Tartar troops bravely died
fighting d; their posts, inspired by
the heroic r..anoie of th.ir General
Chin, who. when all vas lost refused
to retreat, loadedthe guns and fired
the gingals with his oEn hands and
allowed himself TO be cat 10 pieces
on the ramparts rather thln aUrren
52r.
TIE CHINESE ARMY.
The forces OF China are divided
into two great @-a.ics, tha E;2h;
B@nnor army and the Green Stand
ard almy. The former is 50 called
because oE The cigat banners uadar
which rs troops are ranked, and
which consists of variations Of The
four eoicr5, red. white, blue and ye!
low. The troops Of tire Eight ban
ner army, or BaGnermcn, rs they
are called. consists almost aza.asiye
ly Of Tartara or AIau5ahus, and form
the only efficient army ii the empire,
In accordance with She jealous pol
icy OF the alica Aian5chu dynasty,
tor the purpose Of suPpressing al
native rebaIlions and uprisings, (
| garrison of Tartar troops are station
eI in every provincial town Of safi
ciont importance, in 4 portion Of the
town allotted 10 their use, and are
under the sole command Of q Tartar
General who is independent of al
provincial authorities, even the Vice
roy, and receives instructions from
the Emperor alone at Peldng. OF
the Eight Banner army half are con
centrated at OF near Paking, the 9th
er half being scattered throughout
the various provinces, According tc
Sir Thomas Wade the only corps OF
Mantchu troops possessing any CLAIM
to be considered an army Is the Hun
HI Wing.
! STRENGTH OF THE CELESTIAL FORCE.
The numerical strength Of tn,
Chinese forces, Is estimated by Abb,
Hue, Able Grosier and Pere Amiot
has varied bat little during the last
six years. In 1921 NJ. Tembowski, {
Russian traveller, set down the nun
Der of the imperial forces ak 74G,GGC
men, while recent authority, Mon
sier Dairy, estimated the total il
1880 at 100000. Commander Brine's
estimate would probably be tho cor
rect ne-900,009 men, including off
GERS and privates. This force, how
ever, could be raised if necessary il
case OF war to about 100000. o.
the total of 8G0,G00, the Eight-Bannel
or Tartar army. contains zj1,090Inen
while the Chinese CT Green STANDARD
army, numbers - high as GJ1,G0.
men lie Iu-l1ti OF o11A foiaas
! Al .-I,.t,l -, ,..y ,r A. -
olS4i0o1e>' III ea1a o' the HiSnteeI
pIo'!i-et7 ''j''i'' 1.hoah1 IT, ia!"Wl2&
l'f cas,',ti4'i''' an :ii3Eh>.''j 3",OAi
ana Oh lli''7s z.''.'.' ''a-,i - aTi@i
aD-' rs al 1'1a'"i'' cSfii lor "ctiY,
service y Aen 80 i';,r..'., -: liz
anIe. 'aIng' "2' WI L'j1S-'d n lS5t
II Wa estimated ;i.2l Chin& nad II
the -ieia ;'-'>-I5iyAt -'ree ot JjJOjt
men.
WHY TIE ca2sfsg frAv@ gz-S beaten.
Many raas,as ave as.l given 70,
! the ina,1iicia..a, an; van. .5a s1ceess
o. .he Chinese :, -rsy,.,,; .,ars with
foreign a.et5-i>. - Inc .;,ss Dao.a
shc .oa> usass o. the e.o.5;cs and tbe
studio, policy OF 3IantcI.u tsvnasfv
,o keep tt,e a...Eire lg,l:a,-a in = s:ofs
o. feeble ;mpoteae, have been i'm
2ortant factorz. Again the ols.i
macy u tie government in rar,,sine.
20 reform their tactics and weapons,
and finally the d;scredi5 thrown On
the military profession. have c1o-ri