Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1883-05-26
THE FARM AND GARDEN
Work for juno.

From the American Agrculturalist.
COrn.-Weeds grow rapidly In the cornield
and should be kept down by frequent working
Do as much of this labor as possible with the
horseshoe or cultivator.
Potatoes.-The Colorado beetle is the leading
enemy to the potato. It can be successfully
fought with Paris green or London purple, If
the poison is used so soon as the young "worms"
make their appearance The ground must be
well stirred and kept free from weeds, and the
crop dug early to avoid the wet rot.
Roots are a leading crop in English farming,
and ought to be more extensively grown with
us. All roots: mangels, turnips, carrots. etc,
do best on deep, rich. loose soil. They require
the soil plowed to the depth of ten inches, and
II the subsOil pillow lO0sens up the bottom of
each furrow for several inches, it Is all the bet
ter. Nothing is superior to well-rotted barn
yard manure spread evenly over the surface be-
fore blowing. In the absence of this, 800 to 500
pounds of guano or superphosphate may be
spread on the plOwed ground, and thoroughly
narrowed In. Before sowing. smooth the sur
face with the back of the harrow, or otherwise.
In light soil the rows may be two feet apart,
with the plants thinned to ten inches in the
rows: In strong, rich soil, these distances
as the ''fiat system" The system of "ridging"
requires more labor, but economies manures.
After the soil is thoroughly plowed and
pulverized, burrows are struck out with
a small pillow about 81 eetapart and six inches
deep. Well-rotted manure is stamped down
evenly in the burrows and covered by a pillow
run along each side. The tops Of the ridges are
br0adened by roller thus allowing the seed
sower to work easily. 1t is claimed that the
gradual removal of the soil from the plants by
cultivation In the ridge system is beneficial.
The swedish or ruta-baga turnips may be sown
from the middle of May to the middle of July
The strap-leaved sorts can be sown from July
first to the middle of September. Carrots NAV
be grown with profit for farm stock, especially
horses.
observation-disclosures places. old sod land, poor
stnbbie, etc, may produce fair crop of buck
wheat with good effect on the soil. II plowed
under when nearly grown, it makes q good
green manure that will tit the land for some
more valuable crop.
Hay-The best quality of hay is obtained by
cutting the grass while in bloom. For this
moving machines are indispensable. The scythe
may do for the fence corners, but not for general
use. In choosing mower, look to lightness
OF draft, strength, and simplicity of construc-
ton. AS between equally good machines it is
best to buy the one made nearest home, for con-
venience in making repairs. 1t is safe to have
the cutting bar ahead. and to one side Of the
driver. The tedder is valuable ad-
lunct of the lay field, greatly facilitating the
drying of the grass The best hay is made by
curing In the cock. Sweating improves the
quality of hay, and prevents its heating in the
NOW. Cut grass that has had the sun for one
day may be put up in large S'A where it will
keep we'll for week if necds1Ay ii protected
from rain and dew by caps These caps are
easily made from common sheeting, and fire.
quentiy pay for themselves the first season.
The horse-fo fork is great labOr-saying nipple
ment. and should be more generally used.
Haying is soon over, and everything should be
employed that aids in the hurry of this work.
Fodder CfOps-Hungaran grass may follow
the rye, and be off in time for fall seeding plot
highly manfred and sowed to corn will give in
a few weeks large supply of fine green fodder
for the mich cows. Any of this cropthat is not
needed for the daily piecing out for the pasture.
makes good winter fodder when cut and cured
NOTES ON LIVE STOCK
Horses.--A good bed of fresh straw is
great inducement for tired horse to lie
down. Clean grooming, with an occasional
washing, will also give restfulness and improve
the appetite and general health Overlooking
is not the cure for loss of flesh by hard work
and lack Of rest. Wash all CALLING parts of the
harness, and keep them soft with castor OIL A
little powdered aOes. rubbed in with the oil will
keep vermtn from attacking the harness. The
amount of work to be obtained from team
depends largely upon the driver. Some will
worry and sweat team when drawing only an
empty wagon, while Others can drive the same
team with a heavy load, and not wet hair.
Kindness goes far towards making a load draw
easily, while an inhnman jerking upon the bits,
or an injudicious use Of the whip, NAV be the
Provide protection from flies
Cdne.-GOOd butter can be made at any time
OF the year, but "June butter is the standard
Pastures should now be at their best, and the
cows with large flow of rich milk. The quality
of butter depends upon many things. The food
should be wholesome, and the water abundant
ana pure. The milking needs to be neatly DONE
also every process through which the milk-fat
passes until 1t Is marketed, as neatly packed
gllt-edge butter. Use only the best salt, and as
little as necessary to keep the butter sweet.
Sheep.-Ewes with lambs will thrive better If
given extra feed. The lambs should be fed by
In an enclosure known as a "lamb-
creep. The fence has an opening only large
enough for the passage of the lambs. Both sheep
ana lambs should have free access to plenty Of
pure water.
Pigs.-Swine do best when they have pas
ture. small orchard, seeded to clover, with
an open shed for shelter during storms is espe-
ciaily sulied 10 the summer keeping of young
pigs. with plenty of grass, pure water, and a
hoeral FEED at the trough. pigs should make a
wholesome pork. The orchard is benefited by
the destruction Of injurious insects eaten by the
pigs In the fruit.
P0ut'y.-Hawks, rats, and other vermin will
Destroy many chickens unless guarded against
ProVide safe coops that can be closed at night,
VII" Wv uoC oPCu CucL until the ueW Is OH the
grass. Guinea fowls are useful in giving alarm
upon the approach of danger Young chicks
may run In the garden, where they will destroy
many insects.
WORK IN THE HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENTS.
AT the time of writing these notes the spring
Is very backward, but those who observe the
seasons closely have found that, taking one year
with another, the first of June finds vegetation
IN ABOUT the same condition If early develop
menu mas oeen retarded later and more rapid
growth has made up for this. and BY the first of
TINS month no signs of the early backwardness
are visible AS general thing when we have
late spring, the season Of growth is prolonged
at tne other END, and We have NEST favorable
autumn. These notes have reference, not only
10 the particular month tor which they are writ
zen, put also to weeks that Immediately precede
and to those which will follow this month in
which they appear.
TIE ORCHARD AND NURSERY.
First, last and all the time the orchardist
must keep up his fight with insects. Success in
Iult-growing so largely depends upon the de-
structlOn OF insects that we feel It duty to |
Keep this subject prominently before our read
:. The Cooling Moth or Apple Worm.-Heretofore
u mas been supposed that destroying the fallen
iruit, and trapping. by means of cloths around |
the trunks, the worms which left the apples re- |
naming upon the tree. were the only helms !
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