davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

World. docs not stop moment TO condole with
the toiling taxpayers Of his native State, whose
treasurer who took refpxe in the hollow square OF
the one-hundred-and-three coalition. 1t is about
time for some of these Intelligent gentlemen 70
the awful enormity Of stealing In high places.
The 5ondholders over whom Watterson sheds his
Ree ss are @ she oey sa%s
three coalition TO shelter Polk from the operation
Of the law Let Us have q few homilies nov and
ing people in the name Of State credit and
TIE MAN P0LK CURSED.
No man in the last General Assembly, says the
Nashville World, did his duty more nobly than the
Hon J. NJ. Coulter, OF the county OF Gibson In
season and out OF season, he urged he rejection
of the one hundred and d-three sGd the sixty.snd-
six frauds. He was among the frst, if not the
first member who called for an Investigation into
the affairs of The treasury of the state BE found
State 10 cover the money in Folks hands. 1t is
well known that the treasurer cursed him foE his
activity and zeal in the prosecution Of his duties
He introduced resolutions and was the leader in
the effort to get bond from Polk The members
who served with him declare that no man ever did
liable and true 10 the interests of the people. We
make this mention about him because recent de-
velopments bring his conduct in that Legislature
wildly TO the minds OF many.
HAWKINS AIDED AND ABETTED POLK.
The Hon. Lucien Hawkins, the brother of the
king" undertook defense Of the retiring gov
ernor on frlday, says the NASHVILLE Hofid be
studiously avoided any mention OF his brother
issuing pro tune certificate for $23t00 to al
low Polk to rob the State of that much money. By
SO dong he actually aided and abetted the a0-
sconding treasurer to disburse that much of the
peoples money illegally.
SMALL COMFORT.
The Knoxville CAroiicle tRepublican) says: "De.
falcation of Treasurer Polk. Deficiency, $500, 900
Polk fed. Such is the news from Nashville this
morning Verify, verify X is enough to make the
heart of any Tennessean bleed-especially If he is
struggling, hoping and praying TO save the honor
of our state snd people. The secret of Folks moi
paying the interest seems now 10 be that he had
no money to pay with, havi previously, In somt
way, made unlawful use of it. We have only one
consolation, and that is a very small one-it can
not be called a Radical trick, or u Radica
steal' Mr.. Polk was Democrat"
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
BUSINESS FAILURES FOR 1882.

The business failures throughout the
United States and Canada for tbe year 1882,
brought down TO The last day OF the year,
have just been published By the Mercantile
Agency of 4. G. Dun & Co. The casualties
in the United States number 6738, as against
55S2 in 1881. The liabilities IN the United
pared With sSl 100000 in 1881. In the Do
minion of Canada the failures number 1877,
with liabilities of SO. .5O0,O 900, as agaidst 935
in 1881, with liabilities OF IS, 500 900.
The proportion Of failures in 1882, is esii-
mated at one in every 123' persons engaged
in trade. In 1878, four years ago, the sta
tistics show thai one trader in every sixty
four succumbed. The annexed table shows
the
BIOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND PERCENT
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
House.

In the House most OF the time was con-
sumed in discussing the most available way
OF getting the State treasurer back TO the
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

The exhibit the opening week of the year
Is a decidedly unfavorable one when COM
pared with that of the corresponding week
last year. General trade through out the
country is still suffering from the suspen-
sion Incident TO the close OF the year.
Speculative trade of all kinds has been ex-
ceedingly dull. Aggregate clesriugs for the
week just closed ST ,09l 1872 1872, against
$3.50, ,765, 1916 the previous week. As CON-
pared with the corresponding week last year,
clearings show percentage decrease of lS.l
per cent. against a decrease OF % last week,
and decrease of 1876 the previous week.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

The idea prevails among a majority of
besides Treasurer Polk are implicated in the
swindle, and every effort viii be made
to ferret out the parties interested and
bring them to justice. It is not known who they
are, and suspicion rests upon no particular one,
but in general way half dozen or more are &C
cussd of having shared the funds A prominent
business man of this city says that Mr.. Folks
crime was the result of the defeat OF the one
hundred and three bill The $500 900 was paid
into his hands to meet the interest under that act
and when the injunction suit was begun he had
all the money. Time dragged along until the one
hundred-and-thrse settlement was decls red un-
constitutional, leaving the money in his posses
sion- He dare not use ii for State purposes, and
hence he used it for his own, doubtless loaning
out much of il to tide friends in close place.
When called upon to produce it ne could not.
hence the deficit. Had the interest on the one
hundred -and-three been promptly paid he wouId
never have been subjected to the temptation. In
the meantime.the investigation goes on, and some
startling disclosures may be expected.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS.
The Sixfy-Eigbth Anaiversary lCeIe-
brated I'm an Imposing Manner.

CLEVELAND, o, January 8.-The sixty
eighth anniversary of the battle of New Or
leans was celebrated here tonight 10 an i'm
posing manner, under the auspices of the
Andrew Jackson Club. A grand reception
aud ball was given in the city armory, which
was elsborstely decorated, and a eumptu-
Gus banquet 10 distinguished guests at the
Weddell House. Many eminent Democrats
from Ohio and elsewhere made speeches, and
letters were received from S. ]. Tilden, Gen.
Hancock, Gen. Mcclellan, Gov. Pattison, of
Pennsylvania, Gov. Ludlow, of New Jersey,
and s J. Randall, Abram Hewiu, and scores
of other prominent leaders. all breathing the
ssme sentiments. The celebration was q
brilliant success in all respects.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

duration of credit increases in proportion so
much greater than the growth in the volume
OF business, the result must be seen in con-
tlDued increase in the number OF failures"
But, with the foregoing in view, the
Agency is iEcliued to take hopeful view OF
the conditions of trade, az it thinks that
SIT would be impossible to imagine con-
dition of the country more favorable than at
present for a safe, restricted business career.
A year oil unbounded production in almost
every department OF industrial activity has
just closed; the accessions 10 the population
by immigration have been beyond all prece-
dent; the late autumnsl season was 30 eI-
tremely favorable as 10 add greatly to the
value of The fiocks and herds scattered over
the country, while the early winter, thus far,
has been extremely propitious for numerous
interests. As yet the farming community
have realized upon but a very email portion
OF the vast stores with which the year has
repleuished their graDaries, and the exports,
which already begin 10 climb 10 very re-
spectacle dimensions, must necessarily vastly
increase within the next few months. Rail-
road earnings must grow in proportion, aud
the whole condition of the commerce of The
country promises a greater safety, magDi-
iude and success than have ever b, fore been
atiainsble. A condition Of preparedness to
idkc advantage Oi lHe ldFOraDle clEcum-
stances now existing is found in the fact that
speculation, 10 an unwise extent, has per-
haps spent itself, and that the results Of
large decline in values, as a consequence,
have not been ATTENDED with very numerous
disasters, though the surplus OF many has
been lessened thereby. Il is testimony TO
the generally sound condition OF the country
that reduction 80 large in the price of Sc.
curities and leading staples could be en-
dured with consequences not more hurtful
than are apparent from the figures Of fail
! ures we herewith present.
ut is difficult 10 discover any element OF a
disturbing character, except, perhaps, over
production by manufacturers, pressure to
sell goods, a tendency to extend credits un-
| duly, and the dangers that result 10 indi-
viduals owing more Than they eau readily
pay. 1t is not too late 10 reform this single
sinister feature in the fair prospect which
greets the whole community at the opening
Of the New Year. Merchants, bankers and
| manuf 4cturers have it within their power to
limit and bring within safe bounds these
sole existing elements OF danger"
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
LITTLE ROCK,
The "Gazefie'' gain Changes Hands, ID.
A. Brewer Purcbasing smithee's
IAterest.

Special to the Appeal
LITTLE ROCK, ARK January Sat the
annual meeting of the Gszstte Printing
Company to-day, D. A. Brewer having pur-
chased the stock Of J. N. Smitbee, was elect
ed president and editor-in-chief for four
years. George + Brown was elected vice.
president, and ]. S. Whiting secretary and
treasurer. Mr.. Brewer was, for years, resi-
dent of Aemphis.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
POSTALTELEGRAPH.
Provisions Of the Bill Introduced in the
House Yesterday by Mr.. Ander-
son, OF Kansas.
Another Dull Day in COngress-COun.
terfeiters Arrested-Supreme Court
Decisions Notes.

WASHINGTON, January s.-The bill intro
duced in the House to-day by Mr.. Anderson
[Ks. |, to create a postal telegraph of the
United States, provides that the government
issue bonds TO the amount OF So 000, 600, re-
deemable in twenty years and payable 10
thirty years, and tnat at the expiration Of
ten years there shall be set aside, from the
earnings of the telegraph, $500 900 per year
to form sinking fund for the payment of
the bonds. The bill pro7ides that there shall
be uniform rates-tweuiy- cents per mes
sage of ten words or less, and twenty five
cents for every additional ten words. 1t CON-
templates telegraph postal Office at every
postofice where there is a carrier system.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

NKw YoRK Post "John Greenl-af Whit
her, the poet, is tall, straight and slender,
and bis forehesd is very high, rising mas
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
A CHANCE for Eseana.

New ORLEANS, January S.-Capt. Young,
of the Detective Agency, this morning re-
ceiged diepatch from Gov. Hawkins, of Ten
nessee, ipstructiDg him 10 hold Treasurer
Polk until requisition could be forwarded.
The detectives cay they cannot hold the
prisoner on the governors dispatch until the
Tennessee authorities reach San Antonio
Polk passed through this city Friday. He
purchased arms, ammunition, blankets, drugs
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

SAN ANTONIO, January 8.-The one-legged
man, arrested by Detective Price, on suspicion of
being Marsh T. Polk the defsulting State treas
urer of Tennessee was released last night. The
accused claimed that his name was not Polk but
Tate He was accompanied BY young man
named A. Van Leer, also by q servant. he regis
tered at the hotel, but neither OF them wrote the
name Of the place they were from Ta.e claimed 10
be man OF wealth on his way to Mexico TO look
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

BOSTON, Janusry S.-Two hundred and
fifty persons attended the banquet given in
honor of Jackson's victory at New Orleans
sixiy-eight years ago. Gov. Batter and Col.
French were at the head of the table. Many
sneeches were made
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
dividend Notice.

OFFICE PLANTERS INSURANCE Co., [
MEMPHIS, January 2, 1888.
A a meeting of the Board of Directors Of the
IL Company held this day. cash dividend o1
X (6l per cent. was declared out of the net earn
ings of the past SIX months, payable on demand
G. d. RAINE Sec'y. JoHH OvERroS, JR-, V.-P.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

Of-fCE HkkNAHDo INSURANCE COMPANY.
MEMPHIS, January s, 1888.
A 8 meeting OF the Soard of Directors, held
II this day, a Cash Dividend Of Six (6) Per Cent
was declared out of the net earnings of the past
six months. payable on demand.
I. II. DUNSCOMB, President
: nuuscaup Saoratarv
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
Arkansas LegfslAfure.

LITTLE ROCK, January s.-The Twenty
fourth General Assembly met to-day and
organized by electing J. W. Judkins presi-
dent OF the Senate, aud W. e. Bailey
speaker OF the House. The chief clerks Of
both houses we're also chosen, and the
United States senator will be elected on the
18th.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
Gov. Hawkins interviewed.

NASHVILLE, January S.-An American re-
porter called on Gov. Hawkins on Monday
morning at 2:S0 o'clock, and found him sit
ting at a table answering dispatches an
uouncing Pelk's arrest at San Antonio. In
answer to a question, Gov. Hawkins said
that he knew nothing except what was
contained in the dispatch, that be-
ing niE first information. The par.
ticulars were then told him, when he said
that he was not familiar with the
Texas practice, and could not say what were
the probabilities of Polk's being released on
a writ of habeas corpus. The reporter then
retired and lett the governor to pursue his
nap. AS he passed cut Gov. Hawkins
th anked him for the Information and added
that he had supposed Polk was out of the
country, SO that he could not be caught by
this time
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
AT New York.

New YORK, January 8.-The veterans of
1912 commemorated the battle of New Or
leans by hosting the flags at the old fort,
Central Park and the battery. dinner fol-
lowed, after which the veterans marched 10
witness the performance OF patriotic play.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
Condition of the treasury.

NASHVILLE, January S.-The American
publishes the following detailed statement of the
condition of the treasury, taken by the commit
tee from the books Of the treasurer and comp
troller:
To balance January 6, 1888, as per comp
troller's book............... ......s5S9 4O5 81
Bank, r..~~ $1,000 90
on same "a 2s7 60
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
DIVIDEND.

GEMAN NATIONAL BANK,
MEMPHIS 1ENN., January s. 1888.
A Ia meeting of the Board Of Directors, held
"a this dsy, q dividend OF TEN per cent. was de-
cared on the ptal stock out of the net earnings
for the past six months. payable on demand.
McfITRE Caehiar
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
v,o,.n, Ear,hqua.e i'm northern Ohio

CLEVELAND, o., January Sword was
received here yesterday that violent Garth
quake was felt in different parts Of Northern
Ohio between z and 3 o'clock Saturday
morning. People were aroused from sleep
by the shock, and cases are reported OF
chimnevs toppling over.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
Smallpox Raging in Salem. Roanoke

LYscHBuRe, January S.-Smallpox il
raging at Salem, Roanoke county. Thirty
cases are already reported. The towns o.
Roanoke and Wytheville are quarsutinec
against Salem. Osher southwestern town
will do likewise. Roanoke College has sus
public schools are also closed and busines
is at a standstill.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
dividend Nafice.

OFTIcE OF THE MANHATTAN BANK OF MEMPHIS, /
MEMPHIS TENN. January 2. 1883.
A TIA meeting of the Board Of Directors held
IA this day. a dividend of FIVE per cent, pay
able in cash on demand. was declared on the Cap
ita Stock out of the net earnings for the past SIX
months. MAURICE MAAS. Act'g. Cashier.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
APare and Effective Hair Dressing.

Coz iaine, compound OF Cocosnut Oil,
bsauii6es the hair and is sure 10 allay all
itching and irritation of the scalp.
The superiority OF Bnrnett's Fiavoring Ex-
tracts consists in .theirs. perfect purity and
strength.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

Both houses met in convention at II o'clock
November Gen. Bate was declared duly
and conssitutionally elected, which was re-
oei7ed with appliance.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
ELECTION NOTICE.

CTATE NATIONAL BANK.
= MEMPHIS TENN, December 8, 1882 4
HB-A meeting Of the stockholders ~ this Bank will
be hell on TUEsDAY. January 1883, at their
clearinghouse, between the hourso af'rer snd
pm, for the purpose of electing 9lst - pa.
ors 70 serve for the ensuing year.
J. A. HAYES JR.. Cashie,
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
Dickson He;din $4,000 Bonds.

WAsHINeToN, January s-Judge Smell
rendered decision in the Dickson case, and
held Dickson in S2500 to appear before the
grand Jury to answer for embrscery in viola
tion of section 5404, Revised Statutes, in re-
gard to juries. He was given till tomorrow
To ranaw his hail
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
ESTABLISHED 1874
THE SCHOOLNURSES
Swearing in Of the NewIy-Elected Men,
bers OF the School Board
Last Night.
Msi. Rambaut Reelected President
John j. Duffy Chosen Vice.
President.

The Board Of School Visitors met last
night, with President Rambaut in the chair
and the following members present: Messrs.
A. Walsh, Rudisii, Degnan, Duffy, BOYLE,
Ferguson, Lynn, Linkhauer, DuBose, Law.
horn, Rslston, Estes and Jordan.
sUPERINTENDENT's REPORT.
Superintendent Collier submitted the fol.
loving report:
MEMPHIs, TENN, January 8, 1855
Gentlemen of the Board OF Education:
The most important statistical information con.
terning the schools for December is as follows:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
THE CLEARINGHO USES.
The Exhibit for tine FIRST Week OF tine
New Year Decidedly Unfav0rable.

BOSTON, January S.-The Post says: The
following table shows the total gross ex-
changes at the twenty -four leading clearing
houses of the United States for the week
ending January 9Th:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
THE AUDITING CoMNITrEE

reported the payroll at s4595 95, and bills
at S498 81. On motion these amounts we're
ordered paid.
President Rambant thanked the board for
their courtesy to him during his term as
president, and then declared the old board
adjourned sine die.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
A GA EAT SHOCK.

10 lne EQltOrs OF lne appeal.
Marsh Polk, mired in the quicksands of
temptation and speculation, surprised and
shocked his friends and perhaps himself 1t
recalls the dangers threatening every hour
through schemes promising millions on the
invss ment of thousands. II his ventures
had yielded half the profit anticipated,
would not the world have awarded him a
place among "remsrka ably shrewd menw IT.
is not the act which shocks, il is results.
Such is the only Interpretation OF high stand
ING, from the standpoint OF the present.
There ls, perhaps, no yipdication OF the man
but in heralding the shame, uphold the
sinking hearts and hopes of his wife and
children. l note one paper Gays, "She loses
social position" If social position is such a
purchasable commodity, then let society be
composed of successful bank burglars, pick
pockets and other kindred. Let decent and
honest people thank God they do not num-
a as' wo%an ,as'e' feels more Eesnsy p-as. The
shame of her husband than any one,
and true Christianity would surround her
with its charity, its presence and sympathy.
1t would make her feel her purity, her in.
nocence, her wreath of friendly lovin. hearts
The wife cannot condemn a loved husband.
He is to her the same, be he the highest hon.
ored or the most guilty criminal. Hel
heart, and heart alone, is her guide, and hi
is enthroped there beyond displacement
Let her life be velveted with kindness, sc
that memory may find occasional relaxation
sting on the thought that some friendship
are pure, genuine and helping. The helpless
ness of such shock as this cannot be imag
ined, and the grace of God, appealed for &C
strongly in our misfortunes, must be admin
istered through those whom faith.teaches vi
| that God was instrumental in their creation
b.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
DIVIDEND.

OFFICE OF PEOPLES INSURANCE Co.,
MEMPHIS, TENN, January 8, 1888
A meeting of the Board of Directors of the
u company, he this day, dividend of FIVE
per cent WAS declared, payable in cash de-
mand. W. M. HARRINGTON. President.
NJ
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
Hor.ford,. Acia r.no,pnate

As RETRIGERANI DRINK IN FEVER.
DR.. C. n. S. Davis, Meriden, Conn, says:
81 have used ii as a pleasant and cooling
drink in fever, and have been very much
pleased with ii.n
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
SuDerfuOuS Hair

DEMOvED in FIVE minutes without pain or dis
LIZ eolorstion. Prepared by chemist Sent by
mail, postpaid, to any address on receipt OF u.
ALONZO GREEN,
80 TEMPLE STREET. BOSTON, MASS.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

THE partnership heretofore existing between "
l. J. Watson and p W. semmes, doing business
under the firm name OF the Memphis Coal Tar Co.,
is this Gay di solved by mutual consent,W. J. Wat
sou having sold out his enti Interest in the same
he business siil be conducted as heretofore by p
" semmes, Manager. w. ]. WATSON.
Memphis, Jan. s, 1883 p. w. SEMMES.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09
Refu.e 20 s.nc,lon Hi. Conservation.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL, January s.-The
Standing Committee of the Episcopal
churches of the Springfield diocese have
unanimously refused TO give their consent
to the consecration OF the Rev. Hugh Miller
Thompson, of New Orleans, lately elected
assistant bishop of the diocese Of Mississippi.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09


wALsH's LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT.
John A. Walsh, witness for the prosecu.
tion in the Star-route cases, gives "to the
public" his unanswered letter 10 President
Arthur, which letter, he saya, became nece'-
ssry owing to the communication to the
Attorney General not meeting with any re-
spouse. He charges upon Special Counsel
Bliss failure 10 iudict United S ates Senator
Kellogg, against whom, Walsh says, his testi.
mony before the grand jury bore in an
especial manner, rather than sgsiusl ex-
Postmaster. General Brady aud Mail Con-
tractor Price, who were indicted; recon-
mends that the trial of Brady, Dorsey ct al.
be con6ded 10 another than Bliss, and con-
cludes: "Such has been the weak, hating
character of The prosecution, on the whole,
that men knew not on which side the gov
erumsnt was arrayed. Such feelings of
doubt and dstru.t have been engendered by
this vacillation that, in the opinion of many
law abiding citizens, nothing less than your
active and positive direction in these cases,
Mr.. President, will insure result COM
| mensurate with the gravity OF the oc-
casioun
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

Total number Of pupils on roll........... 3O3s
Amount Of tuition collected from pay pupils SI02
Respectfully submitted.
C. H. COLLIER, Superintendent.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1883-01-09

Nr. Jordsn was called to the chair. He
called the board 10 order, and Chairman C.
E. Smith on motion was quested 10 swear
in the new members. Tine following newly
elected members were then sworn in: John
NJ. Rourke, J. J. Duffy, E J. Badinelli, Sam
Williamson, I. w. Pickett, G. V. Ram
baui, Geo. A. Hessen, l.. Lawhorn, and John
NJ. Fleming. The new digaatsries then as
sumed their seats.