The National tribune., 1883-07-26
OUR GROWING COUNTRY.
Its Industrial, Commercial, Railroad.
and Agricultural Development.
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OTIlcc has promulgated his decision IN the
eleven interference cases in the speaking tele-
phone IN the decision just rendered the ex-
sminer holds that the art of telephone speaking
by means of an electric current had not been
invented by any Of the claimants prior TO Bells
application for patent February 1, 1876, and
that Bell was the first TO disclose and publicly
explain the principle, as well as the first 10 con-
struct and use instruments TO carry the princi-
pie iatO effect. With regard to certain improve
ments in the methods of transmitting vocal
sounds in which Bell, Gray, Edison and NoelIler
were the contestants the examiner holds that
while Gray was the first to conceive and dis
close the invention in his cave2t fled FEBRUARY
il, 1876 his failure TO take any action amount
ing 10 completion until Others haddemOnstrated
Its utility deprives him Of the right to have
II considered as a continuous act. Priority of
Invention n this case is also awarded 10 Bell
Edison is awarded priority of invention in the
electro-EydrO telephone. Bell is awarded
priority Of invention in the acoustic tele-
graph" and in various notifications Of the
mode Of transmitting and receiving sounds
covered by his patent OF February Ii, 1876
hcDon0ugh is awarded priorityof invention of
a telephone receiver By which the quality and
pitch OF sounds are accurately reproduced.
Edison is awarded priority OF invention of % a
spring forming or carrying one electr0de and
constantly pressing against the other electrode
and the diaphragm to maintain the required
initial pressure between the electrodes and
yield 10 the movements Of the diaphragm"
it is intimatei in the New York Times that
the owners Of controlling amounts OF the stock
Of the tel, phone exchanges IN New England
the Middle aud Southern States. to perfect
consolidation will issue watered stock in order
10 reduce the apparent amount of their diyi-
dends. The process and its results are illus
trated in the history Of the Western Union Tel
egraph Company. This corporations plant"
that is, its machinery, lines, appliances &C.
cost, or can be replaced, it is said, for from
$l0,000,090 10 SI5,990,000. 1t pays per cent
dividends on SS9,090090 or S5.600,000 aunu-
ally. The difference between the SIC, 100000
and the SS0,000,000 represents. ii is asserted
merely water" strongly colored with extrav-
agance. The so-called : per cent. dividend is
IN fact. when the water " is squeezed out a
dividend of over 50 per cent The stock
of telephone companies is now, it is said to be
diluted III a similar manner. A company in
Maine is reported to have been compelled by
Its excessive profits TO issue to its shareholders
q stock dividend Of POO per cent. in order to re-
duce Its apparent annual dividends to the more
t0lerable figure Of > per cent Spectators see
millions in it. The New England companies
on consolidating VIII, il is said, water stock
representing an expenditure Of from 50, 600
10 $5,000,G00 up to the handsome figure of
from So 100000 10 Sl5,G00,000, paying mod
NA-~tS ~ A1lA III AANlG bll AiAG 4aabSF
or 30 per cent. on the real cost Of their plant
III is the old trick over again. The public pays
the bill
The new pool agreement was signed in New
York last Friday by the managers Of the
trunk lines and their connections at the meet
ing held in Commissioner Fink s Office The
three new roads were represented and signed
the agreement. The pool viii continue five
years, and will be based upon the prior ar
rangement. The business affected by this ar
Tzngement embraces both live and dead freight
pools. the former also including dressed meat
shipped TO New York, but when shipped to
Boston it viii be classified as dead freight
The allotment of per cents was not agreed
upon, but will be arranged by Commissioner
Fink at his leisure Any dissent from his de-
cison viii be submitted TO arbitration. The
new agreement takes effect July J. and settle
meDts by money payments viii be made at
quarterly intervals. The agreement for a pool
IN Test-bound 4reights from Boston was also
executed, all the roads having this point as
their terminus being represented except in
New York and New England.
Fruit growers and farmers will feel a special
interest in the exhibition of fruits announced
20 take place under the auspices of the Southern
Exposition at Louisville Ky, from August %
% September i. The premium offered for the
best exhibits in each kind of fruit aggregate
si--Jaf- Tx EEd3ld lLALc Is IAeBJ Tor the best
display Of local or county horticultural So
ciety, and second and third prizes OF 500 and
500. respectively, are offered for exhibits hav-
ing relative rank and merit. For the best dis
play Of apples the prize is So, and the same
amount VIII reward exhibitors Of the best
peaches and grapes. Pears command prizes
ranging from $50 10 S., the latter sum being
offered for the best plate Of each variety.
PluIns, Matermclons. and cantaloups command
prizes ranging from $50 10 s.. Entries must be
made by ] p. m. of Tuesday, Angus. % no
entry fec being required.
According to the report Of the Chief of the
Bureau OF Statistics the number of immigrants
Striving in America during the year ending
June 30 was 500 III, or 13g, SIS less than the
Immigration during the preceding fiscal year.
and 70,317 less than during the year ending
June 80, looL Germany contributes greater
number Of her citizens TO our population than
any other country-l9l, 643 Germans having
landed. ireland sends GO, 720; England and
Wales, 1852; Canada, 81 ,97I; Italy, 81. us.
Sweden, "a, 595; Norway, q, $40; Scotland. 49,
6l2 Austria, l0,517, and all other countries.
13,o49. The year previous 249.I6I Germans
came over, 76252 Irish, 1867 English and
Welsh, 95,O29 Canadians, and G4,276 Swedes.
The second annual exhibition Of the National
Mining and Industrial Exposition opened at
Denver, Jolp on the 18th inst. The ceremonies
exercises at the exposition building consisted
Of prayer by Bishop Simpson, of PHILADELPHIA.
addresses Of welcome by Governor Grant and
Mayor Routt, and Grafton by Hon Warner
Miller, of New York. Nearly all the important
features OF last years exhibition remain, while
many Others arc being added daily, and from
nearly every State and Territory in the Union.
The main building is built of brick and stone.
by by oOO feet, and costing over $4,000.
A dispatch from indianapolis saws: GAn.
other trans Indiana coal road, under the name
OF the Chicago and Indiana Coal COMPANY. has
been organized. The capital stock is So. 500
00O. The terminal points viii be Chicago
north and Troy, on the Ohio River south q
distance Of go miles, with 200 miles of branch
road. The company also proposes to construct
and operate steam GOLFERS steam tugs and
barges Tor the transportation of coal on al the
navigable rivers IN the United States.n
The portraits on the new postage starnns that
conc ia use October are: 0ne-ccnt, Franklin:
two-ccnt, Jackson; threc-cent Washington
1iye-cent, Garfield, six-cent, Lincoln; seven.
cent, Stanton; ten-cent jefferson; twelge-cent.
Clay; 1tfeen-ccnt, Scott; tlir1y-cent, Hamil-
ton; ninety-ccnt, Perry. Tie drop-ietter rate
OF postage VAL remain unchanged, that is. two
Gents per half ounce or fraction thereof at free
delivery Offices, and one cent at all other Off
ces ana no changes are made in the rates of
postage on second, third and foulth-class matter
Ii is reported IN railroad circles in phiiadel-
rhia that Wan. Ill. Vanderbilt has been in con-
ference with Mr.. Packer with a view To oh
tanning . controlling interest in the Lehigh
1aliev Railroad ylropeff,y Tho ,,,,o3;,,,. -