Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-06-23
THE FRUIT-GROWEBS.
METHODS POE DIFFERENTIATION OF
TIE IssECF PESTS.
Recommendations Of the stats Inspector
Which Should be Observed and
Promptly Followed


insect pes.s and methods for their eIterminA-
ton has j1st been Issued through the ofics of
the State Pr1ter, and should be at once
carefully studied and followed by all fruit
growers, or others having even a few fruit
trees to be affected by the pests, against which
war il made
Tae Executive Officer Of the State Board
nf Horticulture hereby earnestly requests the
-uit growers Of the State 70 observe and
carefully cary ont the following recommend
atoms Tor the suppression and eradication Of
the various iusecs pests infestilg fruit trees
and fruit
The means to be used for this purpose are
now 20 be applied FIR the summer, or during
the actre and fy7titiag stage # the tree
Remedies intended for use during the dormant
period Of the tree viii at another time be
specified.
CODLIs MOTH.
The ground in an orchard should be kept
thoroughly clean from weeds by constant cul-
tivation, and the sltfscs in as fine filth as
possible, and smooth, 80 as TO avoid furnish
ing hiding place for tne lar1 e of the moth
The bark Of the tree should be as clean and
smooth az possible Ia order to prevent the
larva from hiding away from reach. All
loose pieces Of bark should be carefully re-
moved without IL jury to the green layer and
then destroyed, aud the trunk washed with
soft soapsuds or the "whale oil soap and sui
phur mixture" 10 the strength Of one pound
TO one aud one half gallons Of water. This
preparation Is a standard one, and is most
convenient for use. It can be obtained from
the manufacturers, Msssrs. Allyne & White
III and ia Front street, San Francisco, or
can be bought Of, or ordered through, any
merchant. Bands should be placed upon
trees az follows Strips OF grain sacks, or
other similar material. should be cut about
six or ei ht inches 10 width and long enough
to eucircle the trunk Of tree, lapping over
slightly, and being folded, placed with the
open edge downwards upon the trunk about
one foot from the ground; a lsrge-hesded
tack No II, timed, being the besi) will safe
ly and easily coEhne the band in place. The
upper or folded edge of the band should be
tight upon the tree while the lower edges
should be loose. Once every week these
bands should be rem we'd, aud all larvae found
In them killed. Ohce every week all fruit
upon the trees should be carefully examined
and the infested specimens picked, and then
boiled and fed to the hogs also, all fallen
fruit should be gathered from the ground once
every week and be boiled and fed TO the
hcRs. Where, instead, it IS used tor dry
ing purposes, all refuse should be csrC-
fully destroyed by boiling and feeding
as above. This work should be commenced
as soon as the fruit is well set and Of sufficient
size to examine. Bands should be applied by
the middle Of May Of each year In add.
ton to the bands, loose rags or pieces Of
sacking should be placed in the crotches Of
the trees and scrupulOusly examined each
week. The whole system must be carried
out, until al fruit is finally gathered from
the orchard. Fruit at gathering should not
be piled up and left in the orchard. Great
care sh@ uld be exercised that no package ia.
Tested with the eRgs, larvae, or pup &c Of any
insects be allowed to come upon orchard
premises. It is important to see that where
goods are purchased through commission
houses they be ordered sent direct from place
Of purchase as it il known that the eggs and
larve OF insects may be carried with other
things than fruit packages. Where new and
free packages are not used, all packages
should be disinfecte1 before being Brought
into the orchard, either at the distributing
centers, or Immediately upon their entrance
upon the home premises. Even double dis
infection would be found TO be most profit
able. Fruit-growers are earnestly requested
to examine into the merits Of the package sys-
TEN, az it is now believed that the day is near
when the free box or package will be found to
be the cheapest as well "a the safest mode of
marketing all fruit worthy the growing The
disinfection of packages may be accomplished
by dipping and keeping them in boiling water
with or without the addition Of an alkaH).
for the space Of three minutes. By the faith.
full carrying out of these directionsit is thought
land as proven by my own experience) that
ninety per cent Of an apple or pear crop can
be saved instead Of entailing that percentage
Of loss, IS is frequently and usually the case
where the moth is well established.
SCALE INSECTS.
At this season Of the year the best remedy
known at the present time is that Of spraying
infested trees and fruit thoroughly with the
whale oil soap and sulphur mixture in the
strength Of one pound 20 one gallon, or one
pound to one and one-half gall ns of water.
This may be repeated. In this way the in.
sacts may be either entirely destroyed or held
In check, and thoroughly treated the coming
winter by other and more suitable remedies
for the dormant condition of the tree. dur.
ing the winter season the proper treatment is
by concentrated lye one pound, to water one
and one-half gallons, applied by fine spray.
This must not be applied in the summer
timel The necessity for careful watching
and instant treatment Of infested trees il paI-
amount Regarding the scale Icerya Purcnasi
Especial report may ere long be expected.
RED SPIDER.
This pest Is best attacked after the egg has
hstched and during the period of activity.
At this time the whale oil soap and sulphur
mixture, in the strength heretofore men
toned. and to which is added very strong
decoction Of tobacco, is the most tffsctual yet
used. It is hoped, however, that experiments
now in progress with pyrethrum and other
insecticides will furnish better and surer
means for its exterminstiop.
wooLLY APHIs.
The positively effeciual remedy for woolly
aphis yet remains undiscovered. Particularly
difficult is il 10 treat the sphis upon he roots
of the tree. The means most efectual for
those in the top Of the tree is the spraying
with a strong and hot dscoction OF tobacco
leaves and stems one pound TO one gallon of
water, then diluted by the addition of another
gallon Of water when used. Il should be APP
piled Is nearly as may be st 1902 tempers-
ture. Applied to the collar of the tree, and
Just under ground, the following has been
used with success in destroying the sphis
upon the roots, or at least in preventing its
Appearance above ground: Five pounds, or
one-hAlf gallon, whale oil ; boil in two and
one-hslf gallons water 90 this add one third
of pound Of potash to make soap. For
use add to this quantity Of soap one gallon Of
water and one sud One-baf gallons of strong
detection Of tobacco. Thea to every Eve gal.
Ions Of the wash thus made sdd one-half 3
pint Of Calvert's crude csrbolic sheep dip.
Apply by brush or spray. and then replace
the earth, mixed with g liberal quantity of
Air-slscked lime and wood ashes. Irvestigs.
tions to be made this season will doubtless
sid much to our knowledge of the best RENE
dies for this pest
GEEES APHIs.
This promises to be troublesome the pres.
eat season Until We ascertain better means.
the most effective remedy IS the spraying BY
whsle-ail soap and sulphur mixture. o her
species Of the aphiies are noticeable on the
apple. pear. plum, etc, and should receive
similar treatment
BOSERS.
Preventive measures are far more success
ful than remedies after the injury has been
done. Shading the trunk and preventing the
sun burning the bark viii almost always pre-
vent the work Of borers. This may be done
BIZ placing two shakes, one on the south, the
other on the west side of the tree or BY
means Of two pieces of board nailed together
and secured 70 the tree by rope. Alse, allow
the tree to branch out low down upon the