davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
FIJI CHANGE IN M

The New Time Adopted by Most of the
Railroads of the Country at Noon on
November 1s-Only Five Instead of las
Formerly Fifty-three Kinds OF Time
The Arrangement In ~Dlvislons-The
Difference Calculated for Many Cities.
We are indebted to the courtesy of
the Chicago Tribune for the map given
ssos5. explaining the standard time
which has been adopted by the railroads
OF the North American Continent. In
connection with the map the Tribune
also published the table given below,
showing the difference between the new
time and the local or solar time of the
leading cities OF the country.
A change in time, says the 11i1unc,
somewhat similar to that which is now
effected in America, was brought about
in England as long ago as January Is,
1S4S, and Il reform could no longer be
delayed i'll this country owing to the
complications arising under the old
dispensation. 1t may not be generally
known that the railroads of this country
have been conducted of late years I'M
der fi%fty-three different kinds of time,
the difference between the times being
very slight in some instances, but
enough to make people miss trains
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07

the Tooth, eight hours-thus making
five different standards between the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. These five
standards are shown on the map in the
order just mentioned, viz: Intercolo-
NAL, Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pa
citic time. ,
MERIDIANS.
The goth meridian, on which Central
time is based, is nine minutes slower
than Chicago solar time. The 18th
meridian, which gives Eastern time, is
n hour faster than Central time, or
four minutes slower than New York
City solar time. Inter-colonial time,
being based upon the Goth meridian is
two hours faster than the Central time.
Mountain time, which is based upon the
105th meridian, is one hour slower than
Central time. Pacific time, based upon
the Tooth meridian, is two hours slower
than Central time.
The several meridians are indicated
upon the map, as we'll as the territory
included in the different divisions. The
irregularity in the boundaries is caused
by the various roads wishing to adopt
as their standard the time of the merid-
ian nearest to which the greater num-
Der of their lines are situated.
VALUE OF H TABLE.
1t may be stated that many of the
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07

towns in Illinois and Iowa are run on
Chicago time, which the railroads run
ming from this city introduced. The
tables herewith printed show the differ
ence between the solar time of those
towns and the standard time. This ex-
PLANTATION may prevent the towns in
question from confounding the Chicago
time, which they now use, with their
solar time.
THE ORIGINAL SUGGESTIONS.
The country is indebted to two citi-
Zens OF New York for the original sug-
g%estions leading up to this important
innovation. The idea occurred to Prof.
Cleveland Able, of the Signal Bureau
at Washington, and his plans were elab-
Grated by DR.. T. A. p. Barnard, of Co.
lumbia College. Prof. Able proposed
his plan as early az 1873, at q meeting
OF the American Meteorological Society.
1t is unnecessary to review the many
discarded suggestions made from time
to time in regard to timc-standards.
Suffice it to say that they We're all found
to be too sweeping and revolutionary.
The scheme which is now adopted has
received the emphatic approval Of a
number Of scientific associations, among
them the American Meteorological So
ciety, the American Geographical So
ciety, the Canadian Institute, the Inter-
national Geographical Congress at Ven
ice, and the Imperial Academy of Sci
ences at st. Petersburg.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
FOREIGN GOSSIP.

Count Won Moltke can make love in
fourteen languages.
Russian prisoners were first sent to
Siberia in ITO by Peter the Great.
The King of Bavaria is passionately
fond of the music of nightingales, and
has quite a number of them in the Pal
ace Gardens.
When the tailors dined together in
Paris last month the menu of the feast
WAS found in the pocket of a tiny coat
that rested on the plate of each guest.
An English flour seller was fined
800 for adulterating flour with alum
to the extent of thirty grains to the
pound. A medical officer testified that
daily use of bread from this -four would
o o result in serious and permanent
injury to health.
"A Trafalgar veteran named William
Portion has Just died in Wolverhampton,
England, at the age of 101 years. He
served on the warship Victory during
the Trafalgar engagement, and was
among those who assisted Nelson when
he received his mortal wound.
The wedding ring given by Martin
Luther to his bride is still in existence,
and has been lately placedo on exhibition
In Frankfort-on-the-Main. Ii bears a
representation of Christ upon the cross
and the Instruments of the Passion. and
in it is set a small ruby. The inscrip-
tion is: cdr. Martin Luther; Catherine
Bora, June Is, 1920"
"A provincial tradesman, having
eaten an excellent dinner at q Paris
restaurant the other day, deliberately
blew out his brains and expired at
the table. In front of him was found a
piece OF paper containing these signifi-
cant observations: "Oysters are good
for the stomach; old Wine tends to pro
long life; but politics are the bane Of
existence. Therefore / kill myself"
Queen Margaret of Italy, who has
supplanted the Empress of Austria as
the most beautiful woman on the Eu-
ropean throne, is said to be as eNacting
IN matters OF court ceremonial as King
Humburtis negligent. She is described
as thoroughly religious, although she
never interferes in the quarrels between
the church and state. Sheis fond of intel
!ectual company, and her apartments in
the q%uirinal are the rendezvous of the
best minds in Rome, Of artists and
Foreign scholars.
Sir Simon Eyre was Lord-Mavor of
London in 1445. When it was proposed
at Guildhall that he should stand for
sheriff lie excused himself, as he did not
think his income sufficient. One of the
alderman observed that no citizen could
be more capable than the man who had
openly asserted that he broke his fast
every day on a table for which he
would not take q thousand pounds. In
consequence of this statement the then
Lord-Mayor and two of the aldermen
invited themselves to accompany him
home to dinner. On their arrival Mr..
Eyre desired his wife to prepare the lit
tie table and to set some refreshments
before his guests. She, after some
demur, seated herself on q low stool:
and having spread a napkin oyer her
lap, with a venison pastry on it. Simon
exclaimed to the astonished Mayor,
''Beholdthe table for which l would not
take a thousand pounds"
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
An Ants Brain.

Well may Darwin speak of the brain
of an ant as one of the most %wondrous
particles of matter in the world. We
are apt to think that it is impossible for
so m mute q piece Of matter to possess
the necessary completely required for
the discharge Of such elaborate func-
tons. The microscope will no doubt
show some details in the ants brain,
but these fall hopelessly short of reveal
ing the refinement which the anti brain
must really have. The microscope is
not adequate to show us the texture Of
matter. 1t has been one of the great
discoveries OF modern times to enable us
to form sonle numerical estimate Of the
exquisite delicacy Of the fabric which
we know rs inert matter. Water or air
or iron may be divided and subdivided,
but the process can not be carried on
Indefinitely. There is q well-detined
limit. We are even able to make some
approximation to the number of mole
cules in q given mass of matter. Sir
w. Thompson has estimated that the
number Of atoms in a cubic inch of all
is to be expressed by the figure three,
followed by no fewer than twenty
ciphcrs. The brain of the ant doubt
less contains more atoms than an equal
volume of air; but even if we suppose
them to be the same, and if we take the
size OF an ants brain to be y little globe
one-thousandth of an inch in diameter,
we are able to form some estimate OF
the number of atoms it must contain.
The number is to be expressed by writ
ing down six, and followingi it by eleven
ciphers. We can imagine these atoms
grouped in so many various ways that
even the completely of the ants brain
may be ineligible when we have SO
many units to deal with. An illustra-
ton will perhaps make the argument
clearer: Take a million and a halt OF
little black marks, put them in a certain
order, and we have a wondrous result.
Darwin's descent of Man" inns
book merely consists of about 1%,50o,ooo
letters, placed one after the other IN .
certain order. Whatever be the com,
plexity of the ants brain, it is still nara
to believe that it could not be fully DC:
scribed in 400, 900 volumes, each as
large as Darwin's work. Yet the num-
Der of molecules in the ants brain IS ~
lerst 100000 times as great as the nun
Der of letters in the memorable vo|um>
in question.-Longman's Magazine.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
AN ARCHITECTURAL TRIUMPH.
The Great Bridge Over the Niagara River
Almost Completed.

4 Inc oreAC brlOSe over the Niagara River
Almost Completed.
L%ocKPoRT, N. T., Nov. 19.-By Monday
! or Tuesday next one Of the greatest engi-
neering feats Of modern times, the first
canti-leyer bridge ever built in America,
will have spanned the great chasm, five
hundred feet wide, Of the Niagara River
at Suspension bridge. The last section
tsof this massive work which will be
placed in position there will be the key
stone of the arch, and will of necessity be
fitted to a hair to the exact dimensions of
the space to be filled. TIL last pieces are
now awaiting the finishing strokes at the
! Central Bridge Works at Buffalo. These
pieces are expected at the bridge Monday,
and If they arrive in time will be put in
place Tuesday, November 30. There is some
work to be done after the crossing is complete.
but there is no doubt that the bridge
will be ready for the passage of trains of
cars by December 10. The bridge has been
built in a shorter time than any work of its
kind ever was before. The first work was
commenced April 20, so that in just seven
months from the commencement it will be
substantially completed. The Niagara
has heretofore boosted that it had the
first railway suspension-bridge; it can
now boastalso of having the first canti- lever
bridge, which is just the opposite of
a suspension bridge in its design and struct-
ure. There are other canti-lever bridges
being built, but this will be the first one
completed. The bridge approaches will not
be done as soon as the bridge itself, but all
will pe ready for the tracks by December
10, and the Canada Southern and New York
Central Roads will then have their own
bridge over the Niagara.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
10 s slovenian Battle Creek. Mich.

- s slovenian Battle Creek. Mich.
II 40 slower than Kalamazoo, Mich.
II 81 slower than Niles, Mich.
- 81 slower shan Adrian, Mich.
- 81 slower than Coldwater. Mich.
% Is slower than lpsiianti, Mich.
10 4 slower than MuSkegon, Mich.
"a lG slower than Pentwarer. Mich.
II 40 slower than Manistec, Mich.
Il 50 slower than Mack;nnc, Mich.
II Az slower than Escanaba, Mich.
10 0 slower than Munistique, Mich.
~ 70 slower than Marquette, Mich.
2 a slower than Ontonagon, Mich.
. Is slower than Eagle River, Mich.
S24 slower than Milwaukee, Wis.
$ 5? slower than Racine. Wis.
5 OF slower than Oshkosh, Wis.
6 ~ slower than Fond du Lac. Wis.
slower than Manitowoc, Wis.
= Ii slower than Menusha. Wis.
Z % slower than Green Bay, Wis.
l - Slower than Stevens Point, Wis.
! - slower than Wausau, Wis.
- faster than Ashland, Wis.
y IL slower than Sheboygan, Wis.
q 10 slower than Gcneva'Lake, Wis.
) 81 slower than GAINESVILLE, Wis.
4 OF faster than La Crosse, Wis,
5 81 faster than Eau Claire. Wis.
3 81 slower than Beloir. Wis.
q a slower than Wuukesha. Wis.
5 A slower than kenosha, Wis.
. ~ slower than Mcnomonee, Wis.
) s slower than Oconto, Wis.
) IL faster than Black River Falls. Wis.
5 II faster than Superior City. Wis.
E 2S slower than Appleton, Wis,
4 ~ faster than Prairie dn CHEN. Wis.
| s slower than Baraboo, Ms.
3 a faster than Chippewa Falls, Wis.
~ 81 faster than Hudson, Wis.
. IS slower than Waupaca, Wis.
a III CInN-nrs fhor TN ~ q 80, WA.
4 "a slower than Berlin, Wis. 4.
= II slower than Neenuh, Wis.
4 4s slower than Ripon, Wis.
. 4 slower than Watertown, Wis.
5 5 slower than Waupun. Wis.
5 - slower than Depcre, Wis.
2 81 slower than Madison, Wis,
y e slower than Charlottesville, Ind,
IL 4 slower than Elkhart, Ind, e
9 a slower than Evansville. Ind.
u = slower than Fort Wayne, Ind,
~ AZ slower than Goshen, Ind.
Y 81 slower than G%recncastle, Ind.
70 IS slower than INDIANAPOLIS, Ind,
u 4 slower than Jetlersonville, Ind.
): - slower than Lafayette, Ind.
y ~ slower than Kokomo, Ind.
1d - owe thar Lo@ansport, Ind.
~ - slower than Madison. Ind.
IL - slower than Michigan CITY, Ind.
- ~ slower than Muncie. Ind.
10 't slower than New Albany. Ind,
IA A slower than Plymouth, Ind.
10 ~ slower than Terll, Ind.
~ slower than Princeton, Ind,
~ - slower than Richmond, Ind.
u ~ slower than Seymour. IND.
~ "A slower than Terre Haute, Ind.
II As slower than Valparaiso, ind.
y \ ~ slower than Washington, Ind.
10 - faster than Albert Lea. MINI
10 y faster than AnOka, MINI.
II AZ faster tsl;n Austin, MINI,
8 1t faster than Duluth, MINI.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07

II SO faster than Faribault, MINI.
IL II faster than Hastings, MINI.
9 4 faster than Lake CITY. MINI :,
10 ~ faster than Mankato, MINI
u Q faster than Minneapolis. Mimi.
10 Q faster than Red Wing, Mimi
9 A. faster than Rochester, MINI.
II 4 faster than Saltwater, MINI.
u s faster than st. Paul. MINI.
8 % faster than Winonn, Mimi. .E
20 2S faster than Yankton. ID. r. r
% - faster than Fort Gary, Man. a
l 81 faster than Dubuque, In.
IL lb faster than Des Moines, Ia. ~,
I : q faster than burlington, la. \
5 ~ faster than Keokuk, Ia.
= 20 faster than Council Bluffs, Ia
IL 40 faster than Mason City, la.
9 j: faster than Ottunwa, la,
8 36 faster than Cedar Rapids, Ia.
] 9 II faster than Waterloo, Ia, &
II ~ faster than Marshalltown, Ia.
| 9 4 faster than Iowa City, Ia.
[ 2 IS faster than Davenport, Ia.
| % 81 faster Sioux City, Ia.
| SO 2 slower than Cleveland, O. ~
u 81 slower than Columbus, O. -.
81 4S slower than Cincinnati, o,
25 As slower than Toledo, o, =
20 :6 slower than Frankfort, KY. /
l6 So slower than Louisville. Ky. Il
81 4S slower than Lexington. Ky. -
II As slower than Nashville. Tenn.
81 ~ Sio"cT tuoI NuONNllle. Icnn.
10 0 slower than Chattanooga, Tenn.
The same rs Memphis, Tenn.
IS 40 slower than Savannah, Ga,
% 0 slower than Atlanta, Ga.
% As slower than Tallahassee, Fla.
81 10 slower than st. Augustine, Fla,
} IA SO slower thnn Montgomery, Ala,
7 ~ slower than Mobile, Ala.
! % 40 faster than Omaha, Neb.
26 A faster THAI Lincoln, Neb.
"a 0 faster than Jackson, Miss.
8 s faster than Vicksburg. Miss.
5 Is faster than NntcheZ, Miss.
0 8 faster than New Orleans, La.
4 2S faster than Baton Rouge, La.
90 S faster than Austin, Tex.
50 81 faster than San Antonio. Tex.
~ II faster than Galveston, Tex.
10 SO faster than Talequah, Ind. Ter.
$ Al faster than Little Rock. Ark.
l 0 faster than st. Louis, Mo.
S 40 faster than jefferson City, Mo.
is IS faster than Kansas City. Mo.
10 "a faster thar st. Joseph, Mo.
10 A faster than Leavenworth, Kan.
81 A faster than Topeka. Kan.
20 ~ faster than t.Atchison?l Kan.
MOUNTAIN TINE. q
5 4 slower than Dcadwood. D. r.
is sc slower than Bismarck. ID. T.
% 59ll@ faster than Fort Benton, NJ. 7.
81 As faster than Virginia CITY. NJ. r.
l II slower than Cheyenne. w. Il.
81 IS faster than Salt Lake City, Utah.
0 27-15 slower than Denver, Col.
5 4 faster than Leadvillc, Col.
4 40 faster than Santa Fe, N. NJ.
% 40 faster than Tucson, A IT.
% A faster than Prescott, A. Il.
| 2l3l5 slower than Chihuahua, Mex
20 81 faster than Guaymas, Mex.
PACIFIC TINE.
IL O faster than Olympia, W. T.
4 u Sl fncfn,> tHn,, D~,.tln,1 H",
IA 40 Slower than Boise City, Idaho.
l 40 slower than Virginia City, New.
9 81 faster than San Francisco. Cal.
IS A tuster than Sacramento, Cal.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07

o so faster than Richmond, Va.
o.: 2, As faster than Wheeling. w. Va
IA 40 faster than Raleigh, N. c..
10 As faster than Charleston, S. @.
CENTRAL TIME.
80 slower than Chicago, III.
l % slower than Springfield, III.
q A slower than Aurora, III.
Z A slower than Joliet, III.
s A slower than Waukegan, Ill. .
6 SIS slower than Elgin. III.
) 40 slower than Rockford, i'll.
l IS slower than Freeport, III. IL j
l 40 faster than Galcna, III. +.
2 4 slower than Dixon, Ill.
3 ~ slovenian Mendoza, III.
2 II slower than Princeton, Ill.
2 l8 faster than Rock Island, III.
2 81 faster than Galesburg, Ill.
s 81 faster than Quincy, III.
2 A faster than Macomb, III.
4 40 slower than Streator, III.
! 81 slower than Peoria, III.
0 St faster than Jacksonville, i'll.
8 G slower than Bloomington, LII.
5 "a slower than Pontiac, Ill.
Z s slower than Urbana. III.
2 Is slower shan Lincoln, III. SSeaE;
4 8 slower than Decatur, i'll. siSs:
3 % slower than Danvillc. Ill. q
3 81 slower than Nandalia, Ill. -
3 20 slower than Cairo, I'LL. n,
p 4S slower than Detroit, Mich.
- IL slower than Saginaw, Mich.
80 Is slower than. Port Huron, Mich.
"A IS slower than Flint, Mich.
II 20 slower than Grand Rapids, Mich
8 slower than Grand Haven, Mich
y As slower than Lansing, Mich.
26 AZ slower than Pontiac, Mich.
25 4 slower than Ann Arbor, Mich.
q 20 slower than Jackson, Mich.
"a slower than Hillsdale, Mich.
20 6 slower than Marshal, Mich.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
STANDARD TIMETABLE.

N. s. lNTER-CoLoNIAL TINE.
IA 20 faster than Halifax, N. S.
81 4S f,tster than St. Johns, N. r.
II Il faster than st Johns, N. B.
EASTERN TIME.
Is 67h slower than Portland, Me.
Is 46 slower than Boston, Mass.
IA 4 slower than Concord. N. H.
. 40 slower than Montpelier, VT.
IA ~ slower than Providence, r, I.
IA 43 To slower than Newport. r, l,
OF slower than Hartford. Conn.
S II slower than New Haven, Conn.
Is 5 slower than Quebec. Can.
5 A slower than Montreal. Can.
2 40 faster than Ottawa, Can.
II 24}5 faster than Toronto, Can.
3 SO slower than New York City, N. Y.
S 81 slower than Albany, N. Y,
10 40 faster than Buffalo, N. Y.
0 81 slower than Trenton, Nj.
0 40 faster than Philadelphia, Pa.
Z 20 faster than Harrisburg, Pa.
20 10 SIS faster thar Pittsburgh, Pa.
2 s faster than Dover, Del.
& 22S faster than Baltimore, Md.
Q 10 faster than Washington, D. C,
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
"A cur.ous old deed has heen found

"A curious old deed has been found
in Charlotte, S. c., which was drawn
up in l760, between John Brown, Of
Arson, and John Brandon, also of An
son. Brown deeds Brandon five shii-
lings and q lot OF land, on condition that
Brandon shall pay the rent Of one pep
per corn at the feast of st. Michael, fit
be then demanded. The Charlotte o.
server says: The deed still holds good,
and there's7at least one property-owner
in heaven. The land is located in An
son county, and no matter who is now
living upon it, it belongs to St.
Michtel.'-
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07

-Newbern, Tenn, has a law that iM
poses a fine of not less than twenty-iss
dollars nor more than fifty dollars ".
any person who goes into a SALOON "
Sunday.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07

The Romantic experience of Miss
Beach. the Bethel Comm young lady
who wrote her name Oh the band of q
hat. and finally married the New Or
leans gentleman into whose hands it
fell, has had an unexpected sequel. OF
course the othe girls in the shop had to
do the same thing, and now a western
finn has refused Il consignment of hats,
sen on their order. because so many Of
them have young women's anne writ
ten inside tAe bands.-Boston Post.
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
One of the ..smart', vouths of

One Of the ''smart' youths of Liv-
ermore, Me-. put a snake in a box of
shavings belonging to a thirteen-yesr-
Old girl named Lizzie Stevens. The
reptile SO frightened the girl that she
went into commissions, and died amidst
the most terrible ugony.-Bostou Post
Wessington Springs herald. (Wessington Springs, Aurora County, Dakota [S.D.]) 1883-1891, 1883-12-07
repeatedly, besides causing other incon-
FIVE GRAND DIVISIONS.
v%enience.

FIVE GRAND DIVISIONS.
The tifty-three kinds of time were
represented on the old railroad maps
by an elaborate system Of colors which
would confuse an ordinary observer.
Under the new system there are five
divisions of time on the North Ameri-
can Continent: Intercolonial, embrace
ing Nova Scotia aud New Brunswick;
Eastern, taking in the New England
States, New York, Pennsylvania and
the States south of Pennsylvania; Cen
trail, including Illinois, Ohio, Indiana,
Missouri and the States north and south
OF them; Mountain. comprising the
roads west Of the Missouri River in the
mountains; and Pacific, taking in the
lines on the Pacific coast.
I'll FIVE CoLoRs.
The five colors can not be given in
the map presented above, but the divis-
ions are marked by shades, and the
charge will be comprehended at a glance
when these facts are recalled. The
time in which the earth revolves upon
its axis is divided into t%wenty-four equal
parts, termed hours, and for conven-
fence in measuring distances the
distance around the earth from East
to West is divided into 800 parts,
called degrees OF longitude. The
surface of the earth, therefore, travels
as many degrees in II hour as twenty
four is contained times in $50, or iii
teen. From this it is seen that there is
a difference Of one hour actual time
between each succeeding fifteen de-
grees Of longitude around the earth,
faster going East and slower going
West.
FIFTEEN DEGREES AN HOUR.
The railroad officials OF the Continent
decided to adopt as their standard of
regulation the tin.o of the Greenwich
Observatory, London, England, and as
the longitude in which their roads were
situated was SO many times fifteen de-
grees westward from Greenwich, they
made their standard of time that many
hours slower than Greenwich time.
Hence the Goth degree OF longitude is
four hours slower than Greenwich time:
the 10Th, five hours slower; the goth,
six hours; the 105th. even hours; and