West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1883-09-01
AND DEDUcrIvE.
BY p. O. @.

feso. ny -
Io9sTbe problem OF education IL dependen,
lupon all the theories, unknown factors,
ihdetermInable equations, and profound
| mysteries pertaining 70 human nature.
The idea of education In It's comprehensive
sweep embraces time, place, cause, effect,
existence both material and spirital, man,
monster, devil, angel and God. 1t clasps
he universe. 1T seebs to answer the ques-
Elton. What hath God wrought =
The question, bow shall We educate.
whom shall We educate and who are the
educators among US ring from the pulpit,
pass through the press and are heard from
the forum every day 10 the year.
:. l. The, pressing need Of education being
taken for granted, the important query
sSises, How shall We educate. t..''
The ancient theory of deduction on the
one hand whose modern name il cram an
sWsrs Pour into the mind and store away
knowledge accumulste the wears of
learning after a,good business fashion, and
atuf Knowledge into the pigeon holes of
the mind "''-
I son the other hand the theory of Undue
stion replies Draw out, pump the mind for
bic is, an inexhaustsble well of knowledge.
:Spcrates used this means himself, and,
they say, whatever Ia Socratic is orthodox.
Men are but children of larger growth
llahd having learned ride hobbies In
childhood, they frequently ride them all
aheiI lives, but never ride to the front IA
dead ths5Van Of advancing thought. Beth
the methods are good. each OF It's kind
AID In lie place. but neither must be made
Ans exclusive hobby.
Generally speaking, the inductiVe pro-
cesses must go before the dsductive. Start
ing with objects and units the laws that
govern numbers have been discovered by
ihaaction--a proceeding from generals to
particulars. This ID Natures method, and
Nature graduates the mind from her
school of visible. tangible objects. Ma
tpre teaches object lessons TO all her learn
era She starts with language names for
different things and names for the rela-
lions they sustain 10 each other, aud by
comparing words and glasses of words 10
duction arrives at the conclusion that the
names OF things arc nouns, and that the
nsnaos of actions are verbs. Thus deduc-
ton teaches the pFoceeding from general
principles TO particular ones, while mduc-
ton Is the working Of the learners youth
full or immature nind.
Deduction 10 the working OF the mature
or phllosophio mind, and well becomes
the mind of an Aristotle or q Socrates
We have had deduction with its abstract
truths, Its reasoned out laws and it's phil
osophic bair-sPht,ings ia teaching gram
mar and ari thmetlc for the last hundred
years In the history of American education,
And the verdict OF three generations OF
school children lie that these branches OF
study are dry and embarrassing. With
chiidreH deduction rms the cart before the
hofee, but induction waits for,ths wagon
of knowledge and the childriD all take
ride. Induction says, teach object less-
ons, illustrate each branch, study board
measurement At a sawmill, study botany.
in the fields, study chemistry IN the labo-
fstofy, and, In fact, study everything OBJ
3eotlFely as far ~ can be, then bring in the
proper aid from distractions and laws de
rived from patient research and laborious
reasoning. LetinductIon lead the little
jeaFner lDto the domain of knowledge and
deduction point oat toe paths therein.
Education Is greater than information,
greater than discipline, greater than cul-
lure, end fiudstts chief good In the for
nation Of character. %.
o. IHfoFmStIou, learning, or examining II
Yon please, must ever furnish the stock ia
trade Of the educated mind. Discipline.
tFaining, montal strength or development
must be ableto handle the stock in trade,
che information of the mental storehOuse,
or Otherwise the accumulated wares of
Knowledge are worse than useless.
Culture With all it's. finishing touches,
As gIosses, ADD its refinement OF taste and
feeling mus, keep 70 order the storehouse
OF the mind, and the Rymnazium Of dlsol-
plined thought. H+
All The eealth Of The mind aud the pow
ers,bf TIE soul must berounded INTO one
uOrtaAl grand climax Of being, fsultess
character,
Then summarizing, we should suit the
means and methods OF teaching 10 the
nssatal osOAialon Of the learner By needing
Pooss general fulss Follow nature
Follow stature with induction assisted
by tduction.
sdmmsrizlng - to the ends Of education.
pss believe them 70 be; Les, Information,
81, Discipline; 30, Culturei 4th, and great =
Lost Of al, Character.
A. 70 tOBd general head, whoa 10