Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1883-07-18
CURIOUS, USEFUL AND SCIENTIFIC,
CLEANING GLASS VESSELS.

| lute nitric acIJ, Clean wood ash is rec
commended by DR.. A. Muller Tor domes.
tic use, as 1t acts both mechanically and
chemically by it's potash. Powdered
rock salt is also used. For glass YES
sCls USE d 10 the laboratory he also rec
ommends o piece of India rubber cut
into the form OF a tongue or other con-
venient shape, and fastened to flexible
wire as handle.
HOW TO DETERMINE TEMPERATURE.
The usual method of determining the
| temperature Of room by thermometer
hung upon the wall gives very uncertain
results, as Mons. CASTOR Tissandier has
shown that rooms apparent temper
allure may vary many degrees according
| to the position Of the thermometer.
| The upper part of a room is much
warmer than the lower, and windows
and doors may have a very marked eft
| feet upon the temperature of the air IL
| their vicinity As q means OF accurately
obtaining the temperature, Mons. lis
sander suggests that the thermometer
be held ar the height of a man for about
two minutes at several different points,
the average of these observations TO be
| taken as the real temperature.
LIQUIFIED CARBONIC ACID.
A novel industry is being developed in
Germany. 1t appears that for some
time Krupp, of the great iron works at
| Essen, has been making a regular bust
ness Of producing and selling llquifed
carbonic acil. The gas is condensed
and liquifed under a pressure of about
| 2,0G0 pounds to the square inch, and is
| nj extensive for
| purposes, one of its principal applica-
tons being the compression of steel
| castings. In Berlin the fire engines are
each supplied with a large vessel con-
tanning the condensed gas, which is al
| lowed TO flow into the engine on arrival
at fire, and by its expansion in return
ing to it's normal state, pumps water
upon the flames until a sufficient steam
pressure is obtained to do the work.
A NEW PRINTING PROCESS.
| On printing alizarine red by means Of
acetate of alumina the metal OF the rul-
ers is attacked by the acid, and salts are
thus formed which interfere with the
pure shades of the color. By using sui
phacyonide compounds it is possible to
| work without acetlc acid. 1t has been
found by Stork and Laube that neutral
mixture of alizarine, acetate of lime, and
aluminium sulphocyanide develops the
Ied very well on steaming and fixes it
very completely. The authors claim for
their process that no iron gets into the
color; that the color can only be devel-
oped on steauing, and, therefore, forms
more slowlya and Is better mixed; further,
that the print is clearer and the process
cheaper, as no acetic acid is used, and
the shade Is one quarter more intense,
IRON FOR ALINIENTARY PURPOSES
When timed iron, says DR.. P. Carries,
is employed for alimentary purposes it
is essential that the tin employed be
free from lead. The latter metal is rap
| IDLY oxidized en- the surface and is dis
solved IN this form in the neutral acids
of vegetables, meats, etc. The most
exact method of demonstrating the
presence of lead consists in treating the
| alloy-the so-called tin-With aqua re
gia containing relatively little nitric
acid. The whole dissolves. The excess
of acid is driven off by evaporation st a
boiling heat, and the residue diluted
with water is saturated with hydrogen
| sulphide. The iron remains in solution,
while the whole tin and lead and tin sui
phides are precipitated and are allowed
to digest for long time in an alkaline
sulphlde. The tin sulphide only dis
| solves; it is filtered and converted into
stannic acid, while the lead sulphide is
transformed into sulphate and weighed
as such.
TRANSFERRING INFLANAIABLE LIQUIDS.
An apparatus for transferring inham-
mable liquids is thus described in a
French exchanges: a tube fitting to a
cork is bent back. tits fled at the bent
part to receive a cover which is chained
to the cork. A longer tube for the pas
sage of atmospheric air is placed
inside the tube. The large tube
is immersed in the bottle or barrel, care
being taken to shut the neck or bung of
the latter tightly by corking. The COW
er is then unscrewed and the bent end of
the tube is fitted to the receiving vessel.
Mineral oils flow in a continuous stream,
and there is no waste. The gas can not
escape, and the exterior air fills the void
made by the liquid that has been drawn
| off, and thus danger of explosion is
avoided. Moreover, when the receiver
| is full and the spout is immersed in the
/ AN ILSLs CIC hOM CSCtSCo dU OuCSS DIS Ui1C oil
can no longer enter by the central tube,
which is closed by the liquid.
| FERTILIZERS.
From results obtained with various
fertiiizing substances Prof. Atwater has
drawn the following conclusions: Corn
needs little nitrogen besides what it can
draw from natural sources, while its
yield is largely increased under the in
huence of mineral fertilizers-the most
effective being those in which the chief
component is phosphoric acid or potash,
according to the soil and the season.
Potatoes respond uniformly to all the
fertilizing ingredients; and they are less
able than corn to gather from natural
sources. The same appears to be true
for turnips. Not enough experiments
have been made with other crops to JUS
tify conclusions concerning them.
Practically the largest average yield for
all crops is secured by the use of fertll-
izers containing all the essential ele-
ments of plant food. Used alone, nitrate
| of soda 10 rarely of