davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Iron County register., 1883-04-26
The Chemistry Of Bread Making.

Some kind of bread has been used by
man since the latter ages of barbarism,
and the earlier states of civilization.
Bread has certainly been known since
agriculture was first attempted. At first
it consisted of. powdered meal. This
kind of bread had the same character
istics as the modern sea-biscuit, crack
ers and hOe-cake, at least, as far as
digestibility is concerned. 1t was very
dense. 1t was difficult to masticate
thoroughly, and the starch grains in it
presented but little more surface to the
digestive fluids. than if they had been
left in the hard. compact form in which
they grew. Experience must have
taught the semi-civilized man that a
light porous loaf was more digestible,
or at least more palatable, than dense,
heavy one was.
Very early in the history of the hu
man race. bread seems to have been
used. This was bread mixed with a
portion of leaven, flour and water set
aside until decomposition had set in,
and gas was given off from the not
always sweet mass. This was probably
discovered accidentally, and is still in
some countries the staple bread. Good
bread is the kind of loaf which presents
the greatest possible surface to the ac-
ton of the digestive fluids. This extent
of surface is obtained by causing
gas, carbonic acid gas, to
rise all through the mass, as it is
stiffened in the oven, leaving
open spaces. and yet not large spaces.
Three wavs have been devised of util-
izing carbonic acid gas for this pur-
pose. The first, rs we have seen. was
by leaven, and the modern yeast is only
a modification of the same process.
Early in the present century. almost as
soon as chemistry was a science. the
idea of putrefaction was connected with
leaven, and because it was often quite
unfit for use. through carelessness.
means were sought to get the gas into
the bread by chemical action. Dauglish's
serated bread was one result of this en-
deavor. The carbonic acid gas was
made by the action of acid on marble,
and it was forced into the dough under
pressure. This is, perhaps, even to-day.
the ideal method of having light bread.
Iron County register., 1883-04-26
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

Nearly 100000 barrels will be
needed to carry out the truck raised
| around Norfolk, Va, to market this
season.
Europe has just produced crop of
| beet-root sugar estimated at two million
tons. Two-thirds of all the sugar con-
duced from the sugar-beet.
Twenty years ago it required five
| tons of coal to make a ton of iron rails.
Now ton of steel rails may be pro-
duced from the ore with half that
amount of coal.
Compressed paper doors are de-
clared to be more effective in staying
the march of flames than even doors of
wood lined with tin, which have now
superseded iron doors for this purpose.
M. Fourmant has concluded a series
of exact experiments upon trichina in
meat. He finds that to pack the dis
eased flesh in salt for fifteen months
does not kill the parasites; mice fed up
on the meat died of trichinosis. -
DIR. Francis, of Newport, says that
the normal beat of a healthy heart is
iambic, and that when it is trochaic,
pyrrhic, or like spondee, there is
something wrong. He reports case OF
dactylic beat in a lady, who recovered
under tonic treatment.
By Welding together iron and steel,
NJ. kiel has obtained product which
is stated to possess the characters of
both metals. This so-called steel-iron
steel by the side of iron, steel between
fur 10 of hot
layers of steel, a core of steel sur
rounded by steel.
Sweet potatoes ought to be a very
profitable crop in the South, Judging by
the immense quantities produced to the
acre when properly managed. Mr. E.
NJ. Hudson, of New Orleans, the Vice
President of the Gulf States Fruit
Growers Association, raised 620 bushels
to the acre last year, and he states that
as much as 1000 bushels to the acre can
be produced. -.
"A new electric light has appeared
in Paris, which is called sunlight on
account of its mellow luster The light
is formed by inserting two carbons in
holes bored into a block of marble in
such manner that the points of the
carbons are separated by thin parti-
ton of the marble. An electric current
is passed through the carbons, and in
traversing the shell of marble causes it
to become whitehead, emitting a most
agreeable light.
just because a Pittsburgh pastor
persisted in reading the names OF par
ishioners who gave money to keep the
church going and the amount of their
gifts, the majority of his people got mad
and asked him to resign. They We're
perfectly willing to get their preaching
for nothing, but they didn't want the
whole thing given away in that manner.
Boston Transcript.
1T was at Lancaster, Pa. The Ma.
jor sat looking earnestly and affection
ately at his friend. ''Bob," he said,
presently, Il dreamed about you last
night ''Did you, ADJ" his friend re-
piled, his eyes filing with tears. EYES,"
said the Major, in heartless tone. Il
had >the nightmare. And then the
sounds of two strong men ''rastling''
under the table were heard in the dis.
tance.
Iron County register., 1883-04-26

AT Las Vegas, N. NJ, is court in
terpreter who renders .'black-mailers',
into conductors de correo nepro,,.
(black letter-cariers.)
Iron County register., 1883-04-26

-Cabmen receive only fifteen cents
an hour in Italy.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15

by train. But no sooner did they reach
Orvieto than the Royal GARDENERS
awaited them, and they were arrested
Both being under aye, the tugltlves were
compelled to Weld to the arm OF the law.
The Young lady compOrted herself Win
great GOODNESS and asked for luhcheon'
inviting the Carabineers to sit down WIN
her. and assuring them she would one
dav send them each portion OF wedqng
cake. The Youthful Duchess is safe aa'Nn
beneath the parental roof, and the duenna
has been dismissed.
THE West has drawn the young blood
ont of the Green Mountain State. The
Rutland Herdld says: There are many
deserted farms and decayed towns III
Southern Vermont: at least, that is the
testimony given us by an intelligent Iaflll-
bred lawyer who recently personally Wis
tied the towns that touch both sides OF the
Green Mountains from the Massachusetts
line to Addison county. The woodland
has SO encrOached upon these deserted
farms that our friend is confident that
there is more woodland to-day III the
mountain towns of Vermont than there
has been at any previous time IN the past
forty wears. In the old counties OF Ben
nington, Windham, Windsor and Rutland
there are many deserted farms ana de-
cdNeu towns along DOlu oluco VI uhS "iN''"
tain range. and these deserted farms are
not being reoccupied by any returning
wanderer. although most of the towns
are places of much natural beauty ana
attractiyeness.'
A STORY of advice promptly taken by
"A poor Young man OF Boston, with results
which staggered the adviser, is circulat-
ing NJ that city, and is thus recounted by
the C0ul1er: "a young gentleman NOV
ing in good society, but whose bank ac-
count is by no means plethoric, sought
out ore of our wealthy citizens about a
month ago and told him he wanted to
speak to him on a very important affair.
Crwsus said to his visitor: i am busy
lust now, and must request you to be
brief What is it-businesS" The young
gentleman, thoroughly embarrassed by
the brusqueness of the other, could only
stammer: Very important business
WELL said CrRsus, let me give you this
advice; don't put it off till tomorrow if
YOU can do it to-day. That has been the
theory on which have made my success
i'm life The young gentleman stammered
his thanks, departed, and that very day
went before a Magistrate with the daugh-
ter of Crusus and married her then and
there When the old gentleman found it
out he for the first time began to doubt the
universal applicability of his theory.
However, it is understood that all has
been forgiven
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15
BRIGHT BITS.

A CLERK at a Pittsburg stOck-yard APP
propriately refers to his salary as "sty-
penned."
THERE is not always honor among
thieves. A society reporter Is something
of pirate himself yet he frequently at
tacks private ears.
GUARD your silk worms carefully, is
the advice we have to offer the silk culture
folks. They are accustomed to taking
French leaves Phidietphid Bulletin.
THIS is the season when the butcher
who owns dog waivers a good deal be-
tween his affection for the animal and his
interest in his business.-Ph{l0detphtd
CAL.
THERE is in Lowell a gentleman claim
ing to be both an epicure and poet, who
says that eating apple pie without cheese
is like kissing a girl without a squeeze
LOtceU citizen.
THERE is a rumOr from Germany that
learned chemist has discovered Won
derful oil that will restore youth to old
age. 1t must be a species of Olive oil.
-PhiiodcLphja Bulletin.
A SALOON keeper of st. Charles Mimi.
wants to dispose of his saloon, and offers
as his excuse for going out OF business
that he wishes to give up his occupation
and prepare for heaven
4 HEALTH journal tells GLOW to Take
Cold The plan suggested is too elabo-
rate. The quickest way is to remove the
lump of ice from your neighbours door i'll
the morning.-N 0FrlSt0tCH Herdid.
THERE was once a man who boosted
that General Grant had talked with him.
In a subsequent interval of candOr he eX-
planned that the General had said; what
are you sneaking around my tent fOr= Do
YOU want to steal something's
\ HARDENED scamp, who appeared be-
fore one Oft the judges recently, was asked !:
Nv hat is your protession?' Il have no
profession" Well, but what are your
means of eXistence|' Il live at the eX-
pense of my reputation. - French FIN.
''WHY are you so eXOrbitant in your
pricesy' asked a man of merchant.
"Well." he replied, got into the habit of
charging double prices for everything
when kept a hotel in Hot Springs, and
find it impossible to break myself of it,
ArkdnSd,r Irdueier.
Il CANNOT understand what offended
Mr.. Dudley last night at the party" said
the high school girl. He and his COM
pany took their departure i'll high dudgeOn
very early however" "Why, | thought
they left in the same carriage they came
in" replied Amy.-OU Ciy Derrick.
\ CINCINNATI man is said to have frac-
tured his jaw while trying to bite a pretzel.
This case demonstrates that the pretZel
can be made useful in a hundred ways.
1t can be used for iron instead of plating
war vessels, and can, when broken into
pieces. be used as grape shot for artillery
warfare.-FHeqeRde Bidtter.
WE have received a unique publication
| called Market Quotations." 1t is a cir
| cular in form, about one foot in diameter,
and weighs two or three ounces. 1t re-
| minds one of the game of roulette. 1t is
covered with dates and figures to show
what Lake Shore was worth in years gone
by,and what Pacific Mail may not be worth
i'm years to come. Then there is a shovel
blade shaped piece of paste-bOard that
how the monkey jumps. 1t would be a
tirst-rate thing to nail over Il stOVe-pipe
hole, and ought to be in the hands of all
parents and Puck.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15
PERSONAL.

DAVID DAVIS is in Washington, but
still refuses to talk politics.
GREAT riches are apt to prove a curse,
but great poverty is still less desirable.
ROSCOE CONKLING has his hands full
of business in the United States supreme
Court.
SENATOR BAYARD, of Delaware, will
spend a fortnight of October in Western
Maine.
HENRY WATTERsON, editor of the
Louisville COurier-,Joundl, has lovely
tenor voice.
SENATOR GIBSON, of Louisiana, has
derived great improvement from the baths
at Carlsbad.
Miss DUDU FLETCHER, author of "Kis-
met" and Mirage" is just finishing an
other novel.
CHARLES READE is said to he engaged
i'm writing a series of lives of the patri-
archs of Scripture.
PARIS papers confirm the statement
that Bastien Lepage is coming to this
country to paint portraits.
SINCE the death of Marwood, the hang
man, hundreds Of his likenesses have
been sold by photographers.
GRAVES are SO thick in China that no
railway can ever be built without gen
BLACKSTONE says there is no wrong
without a remedy. This is encouraging.
1t shows that there is remedy for But
lerism.
FORAKER, on hearing the news of his
defeat, took it very good naturally, and
simply remarked: ''Well, l did the best l
cOuld.'
IT Is evident that young Bernhardt's
mother doesn't know he is out. Sarah
should be told of it in time to save him
from the cruel duelliSts.
Mr.. HENRY IRVING, having dined with
Lord Derby by way of a farewell adver-
tisment, sailed for this country Friday
with Miss Terry, on the Brittanic.
MR.. BLAINE has taken the old Marcy
House on Lafayette square, in Washing
ton, which was vacated by the merchant
prince, who takes the Blaine House.
MONsIGNOR CAPEL says that there is
more immortality in the daily newspaper
than anywhere else. This is rather hard
on the Rev. DR.. Fulton, of Brooklyn.
TT is said that Senator Bowen, of Colo
RADIO. is responsible for the Presidents at
tending Mr. TabOr's wedding, and that in
consequence the atmosphere of the White
House has been extremely frigid for him
ever since.
RICHARD FRANCIS, who has been APP
noluted caterer to the Senate, is not the
only cOlored caterer who is worth large
amount of money. The head waiter at
the West End Hetel, Long Branch, has
bank account of over 100000.
SENATOR LAPHAM, of New York; Mr..
Sneed. of Washington, and Colonel Nc
Donald. United States Fish Commissioner,
have arrived at Fort Monroe, Va, from
Washington on the steamer Lookout to
look after the fishing interests in that
section.
MIR. GEORGE SCoVILLE, who defended
Guiteau, is visiting his daughter in Den
yer. His form is bowed and the wrinkles
in his face are deep. He will not talk
about Guiteau or about his own wife and
daughter. His daughter is seeking di-
vorce from her husband.
The Partisan shoemaker who adver-
tises that he will by his new system give
s.the expression of the foot" probably
does not know that the system is very old
in this country, where irate fathers of
Young ladies sometimes talk to their late
lovers with the conversational end of
boot.
uORSFORD'S ACID PHOSPHATE
For Lemons or Limejuice,
is superior substitute, and its use is
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15
WASHINGTON NIGH LIFE.0
Amusing stories of What Happened
Years Ago.

Washington Cor. Louisville CoUrier-JoHrHat.
There was Mrs. secretary" who said
of her daughter, ssShe is a good gal and l
don't have TO lick her," but there was a
Mrs. Secretary in reality, who, when asked
if she would do something as her prede-
cessOr had done. answered, ~ on Won
find any of that 'skulldugtiery' in this
family.S
Once upon time there was plain, UNI
interesting woman in one OF the depart
ments here. She was uneducated, even
mentioning the fact herself, as something
creditable, that she had never read a
book in her life. Her social position cor
responded with her Illiteracy. In her
boarding house she met a rural member
of Congress with an invalid wife. Inc
wife died. in six months the WldoWer
married the Department clerk. FIVE
years later the then eX-M. c., in an emer-
gency, was called to a Cabinet position,
and his wife took her place i'll the OIL
cial circle. While high-born ladies, who
had been her companions in office, con-
tinued to plOd through wet and snow to
their daily routine Of work Mrs
Secretary clad in costly ralment
and lolling like fine lady in her coupe
passed them without recognition. All
notes and invitations to Mrs. Secretary
were responded to by her husbands prl-
vate secretary. jenkins frequently wrote
descriptions of Mrs. Secretarys recep-
tions and her elegant toilets. She was
styled by them as young, handsome and
accomplished. She once said that the
dearest wish of her heart was to go to
Paris and leave her measure for dresses,
and her husband, after leaving the Cabl-
net, made the opportunity of going to
Europe on official business in order that
her wish might be gratitied.
There was another Mrs. Secretary who,
whenever she became Overheated at din
ner party or reception, would eXclalm to
whoever was next to her that she was
Sweating all over, and feared that the
sweat would come through and spoil her
dress"
At an elegant reception a Senator re-
marked that as soon as he got his supper
he must 90 home, as his cOrns were hurt
ing him badly. "DO Senators have
cOrns?" asked lady. He replied: Il
went barefoOted until | was a grown man,
and never had corn until put on shoes,
and have suffered ever since.
Senator Spangler is not a more odiOus
character than the man whom Colorado
sent to the Senate for thirty days. Tabor
had his apOlOgists, and they complain of
the scOrnful treatment he received. One
of these friends said that when Tabor
came here he intended building as fine an
opera house as the one he owns III Denver,
and also, he would have built one of the
finest houses for his residence that was
ever put up in Washington. Doubtless
the house would have We'd in splendOr
with Senator Spangler'S.
Washington can dispense with such
houses and citizens.
Representative lgnOtus is not a
lower type Of character than some of
those who have been in Congress, and
during each session of Congress the news
paper men give graphic descriptions of
the legislation which is proposed by the
Spanglers and IgnOtuses.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15
How Did Maine Get its Name,

In paper read before the American
Antiquarian Society Hamilton X. Staples
said that the name of Maine was given to
that State descriptively, since in the orig
inal charter it was considered 1.-The Mayne
Land of New England" Mr.. William
III. Smith writes to the Portland Press
quoting the assertion and saying: 81 have
heard that our State has been named for
Frankfort-On-the-Ma for the Province
of Meyne in France. Williamson says,
Vol. l., section l, of his history, that the
Maine was called MavOshen or Mavoo-
shen by ancient Voyagers and
writer's. In Purchas' Pilgrims Mr..
Haklynt describes it to be 'a country
lying to the north and east of Virginia be-
tween the degrees of AZ and 10. 1t is 40
leagues broad and 80 in length, lying in
breadth east and west, and in length north
and south. 1t is bordered on the east side
with a country, the people whereof they
call Tarrentines; ON the west with Ephis-
tOma; ON the north with a great wood
called SenaglocOna; and on the south
with the main ocean, sea, and many
islands. In MavOOshen it seemeth there
are nine rivers-the westermost of which
is ShawacOtOc (SacO). AT the head OF this
river-to the northwest there is a small
province which they call Crokemago,
wherein is one town-prObably the Indian
Peywaketn
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15
The Commissionership of Patents.

The Commissionership of Patents.
The office Of Commissioner Of Patents
will not. Of course, be filled by competa-
tive examination. That is too important a
place to be controlled by the civil service
law. II fitness We're a required qualillca-
ton. Benjamin ButterwOrth would not, oil
course. get the place. lie has the neceS-
sarv ability to fill almost any place III the
government. and is, perhaps, as honest d
the AVERAGE politician, but the office re-
ouires a technical education. This MI.
Rutteryortb hasn't. There are subOrdi-
n,fes in the office who are qualified for
the place. and. perhaps there are lew
patent lawyers who could till it satisiac-
torilv. These patent lawyers, however,
couldn't be induced To accept 1t. Inc
salary is too small. They are making
from three to four times as much out OF
their practice. Mr.-Marble resigned, no
doubt. to become a patent lawyer. He
has acquired a knowledge of the bust
ness at government expense, ana
has made the acquaintance oil
a great number OF people
of the class which will seek his services.
He is well equipped, therefore, for bush
ness. When he was made Commissioner
he probably knew nothing about the rou-
tine business of obtaining patents. 1t
has taken him several years to become
acquainted with it. His knowledge Is
capital which will afford HIM an ample
income for the balance of his life. But
terworth, if lie accepts the office, VIII
follow in his footsteps. His services
won't be worth a picayune for good
while. and when they are worth some
thing ne will resign and become patent
LAWYER. The departments at Washing
ton are great schools. the advantages Of
which broken down politicians, as well as
Young men. utilize. Land lawyers are
graduated every year from the Land
Office. \ few months ago Mr.. Raum re-
signed the CommissiOnership of Internal
Revenue because ne saw. as he thought,
"a chance to make a small fortune collect
ing the rebate on tobacco. The civil ser
vice law. if enforced at ali, ought TO be
made to apply to all places below Cabinet
officers. There are men in the Patent
Office who are capable of rendering the
government good service in the office of
Commissioner one of them. instead
or Mr.. Butterworth. ought to nave
been appointed to succeed Mr.. Mar
BILE The man who was selected to
nil the place vacated by Mr.. Raum
was not half So we'll fitted for it as
the man who was Assistant Commits
sioner under Raum. and who holds the
same position now.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15

IL seems that the South is to have a
glance at Senator Blair's labor commit
tee. The Washington correspondent of
the Baltimore SIM SAYS that 1.-THE com
mittee has received numerous requests
TO visit places in the South, but will not
have the time to comply with half of the
requests made. 1t has been determined
10 take in one or more points in North
Carolina and Alabama, where there are
extensive coal and iron interests. 1t is
the purpose Of the committee to continue
to receive testimony in Washington after
the meeting of Congress. and from the ex-
preston of some of the members il is in-
ferred that it viii be probably recon-
mended that permanent commission be
established 10 investigate all questions
affecting education and labor. Senator
Call. who is a member of the committee.
saws the committee has had before it
propositious to establish tribunals where
questions between employers and en-
ployes can be referred for arbitration and
determination. The committee has had
no consultations with reference TO these
propositions. but Senator Call expresses
his own opinion to the effect that Congress
would have no constitutional power TO
establish such tribunals, but that the
States can establish them if so disposed.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1883-10-15

Mr.. Willard. President OF the Northern
Pacific Railway. finds it difficult, NJ seems.
10 get clear of his guests. He guaran-
teed their expenses from the time they
left their homes in Europe. until they re-
turned to them. There was large num-
Der of them. and they have already cost
Mr.. Willard a small fortune. When the
last spike was driven most of them went
20 the Pacific coast. and staid there
awhile. Now most of them are back in
New York. living at the expensive Fifth
Avenue and Brunswick Hotels. They
show no signs of starting home. Since
they came the stock Of the Northern Pa
citic has fallen 40 per cent. and the stock
holders arc ieelin. very blue. They don't
feel in a humor to pay big hotel bills. Mr.
Willard would probably have been better
pleased with his excursion if his guests
had gone home when the excursion was
over.