The Panola weekly star. (Sardis, Miss.) 1882-18??, 1883-03-17

Thf Hfa faHH iila haf
FnHff fif "a fI Hf "a m
wv iHy wH.HHsf iH fffad 2
ffa Hafnlasfst sHi w FN FH 2 H
fm y HH gas ~ ffNaff f4Fs aHi b Ha
ffh AMI Stopper fUfH Hf4
HIl Iain HHiA n iHal
aHlHlff HfIH ffHf IH
tfmf 0uH 4fH ffffaf 1870 H
sat nfli Hm me hW4 Fff .
hai faei fhf ~ ffsff hfH nYH NJ
eDfai tai hHfu ana niffalIr thrown
aHtG, aGd ~ n ffal hui p fh Hiia
f4nt Obs FHsia haf lHah F1lHf ~
f.ff fH Ifmmhfs lnfHffHi fNa
#f8h ~ iHle ~ ts I'm "a fm a.
m0Htlit HHi Hl ~ M #nii sUma b
mi i'fpmf hfis siai iNNh M hnw ~
nse WH subtitle cement wish otnet
tnoa ledge
The pfffal N fnmhHfllnh u run np
ally BIZ nR Hn within ~ and afuHnf lf
D. u .lmpiY ihe nHlnn N ihd NtiErn n
iha df v N Substances 'nf whIoh n hH
MY M puf bldlof tlo Oxygen
nhIiHf with ihH waste taauea n' ihn
bDig and produce hpli fbDui visible
anna ihe WslinR of lryn is oJmbuf
ton famelels nnd without sensible
heat Though iho fupplY oi o ygon i
be n hnusilrti Ne the Mr. ~ which 4
forms nnH mn part, set not r. surplus
atom Of Oxygen enters into Tie process
NJ combustion Ihofe Hro two com
pounds NJ oxygen with carbon One
atom NJ oxygen uniloi with one atom
0f carbon or two ntlm0f oxygen Nh To-
with one atom ~ carbon, Never 40
atom and o half ~ oxygen With an atom
and a half o carlo The union NJ
those two elements II exact, entire and
hlWarstho same undcfn circ m tnnrcs
Al this " very elementary. but 10 those
who have moi studio chemistry II may
boz entirely new. aud q know edge NJ
these ndcrl Ing facts is essential to In
telligcni management oi fuel
The term fuol ia commonly applied
10 coal aud wood. but In burning these
substance. We burn mir also. 20 every
pound Of fuel nlout thirteen Of air, or
two and two.third pounds Of oxygen,
must go 10 make combustion, and IN.
less we burn mir we can not burn wood
any moro than we can burn granite,
The oxygen Of the air and the carbon
Of the wood or coal unite, and heat IL
produced. Where there Is pericct com.
bustion only heat is evolved. W th
neither illumination nor smoke. II
then we should say that air is fuel and
SO treat II. we should be more accurate.
IIta aIIap ugAuNfI.naI ~ "a - Fttu...gt,
Is n neutral presence IN combustion. en-.
tirely harmless. and passes oil with
other gases generated in the process, up
the chimney.
As n matter OF fact We burn neither
wood nor Goa, but gas into which these
substances are gradually changed by
heat. In kindling n fire wo use paper,
shavings. small bits OF wool that can
DO easily infamed. so rs to generate
heat TO change the more obdurate fuel
into gas. AS this change goes on smoke
dimlnishes, and when our fuel Is well
ignited there Is very little smoke. Only
the surface OF the fuel burns or can
burn, or rather we should say the fuel
can burn only at its surface. s'nce only
this potion Is exposed to the air and
can permit its gas to unite with the
oxygen. Our stoves, then. are gas.gen-
orators. and the amount OF heat W.
shall get from them depends upon
whether we can pursuade every atom OF
carbon We put into them TO unite with
its n or two atoms OF oxygen. and
whether wa furnish Just enough oxygen
and no more for this chemical union. II
we have too much air we cool the ga.
from tho coal or wool below tho point
of ignition, and the draught will carry
our heat with the unburned gas up The
chimney. whore II Is lost to IL. II W,
have too little the gas from the WOOD
will escape without being burned. ant
the fire will @ 'smothered." In kind
ling n fro we expect to use a surplus o
air, aud this fact Is indicated by tn,
roaring Of the FIRE. but when kindlet
the d aughts should 10 closed until The
fire burns nearly still not quite. II III,
fuel DO Of wood.
Probably more than half Of greer
wood is wasted in the burning. for III,
water il contains when vaporized car
rios OF immense amounts OF heat eacl
particle Of steam acting like a balloon
and flying away with is portion Of hea
up into the outer air. leaving small sur
plus for the processes OF baking an,
DO Ling. Dry wood may be made to q,
much further II II is heated in the oyei
before II is put into the lire box.
As the management OF 70 Is ono o
the most delicate chemical operations
and exactly the right proportions OF nj
rs fuel and OF wood or coal as fuel mus
be secured TO have q perfect re. Il fol
lows that we should not expect OF hop
10 como TO Il by chance or accident bu
by long aud care nj eNpor ence. Eacl
stove re uires individual management
certain supplies OF wood or coal an,
certain supplies OF air by means OF Il
draughts. and when these two are ex
q tly adjusted TO each other the hest re
suits afc secured. She who piles on
tho fuel unnecessar " and without SO
curing appropriate supplies OF air &
utilize ali It's carbon. wastes money n
really rs though she threw dollar bill
into tho stove. IL IL not too much {
hope that invention will before lon
give Us perfect combustion and stop III
present enormous waste In fuel. beside
freeing us from cinders, smoke, cloggcl
chimneys ard draughts, from dusi an
the injurious effects Of gases that shout
be consumed in combustion. M y
a