davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
NIGHT OF ENGLISH SEAMEN IN
THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

doubt If any single class OF men ev,
er made greater change in the for
tunes Of mankind than was brought
about by the great English seamen OF
the sixteenth century. Some of them
we're slave traders, Others were SNUG.
glers, almost all were lawless men in u
awless age; but the result Of their dar-
ing exhibitions was t. alter the destiny
OF the American continent, and There
fore The career OF ths human raea.
In the year 1917, Spain. with Portu
gal, was the undisputed master of the
New World. AT the present time nei-
! ther Spain nor PorJu al owns a roJtof
land upon the man continent Of
NORTH or South ADerica The destiny
OF the whole Western world has been
changed; and throughout almost all
the northern half of it the language,
the institutions, the habits. have been
equal y transformed At the time
when Europe was first settled by the
gold and the glory brought from the
newly disc Jvered America, il was ONLY
Spain, and II small degree Portugal.
that reaped the harvest. These were
then the two great III ,r;tim. and col.
onizirg powers OF Europe; AMI two
bulls from Pope Alexander VI. in 1898
AMI perm tied tam - livila tn. new
Iy discovered portions OF tire globe be-
tween them. Under the authority
Portugal was finally permitted to Bra
.il-wLich was flrst coloiizel by the
Portusese-while Spain claimed all the
rest of the continent. 70 this day the
results of that mutual distribution are
plai i'y TO b. see in South Am .ri.l.
Brazil speaks Portuguese, Will. al.
most all the rest of South America.
with Mexico, spsa'Ss Sptnish BI5 BE-
ypnd Mexico, through all the vast
length and bre ilth OF North Americ?.
Ensli IN is ths p'pvlililg anl oil ,iaI
language. Thr) lghout that region.
instead Of the Latin race, the Germ
anic prevails; instead OF the Roman
Catholic faith, the Prostpstant prepon-
derates There hal not bsen i'm the
history of the world profounder
change in the current Of human
events. The most remarkable circ am
stance Of all Is that this chang. was
substan lily made in a single century
(the l6thJ,aI.t was ma ie mainly thro |
a single class of men-the English sea
men. They it was who broke the
power of Spain, ana changed the fu-
ture destinieS OF America II ".
Hsggison, IN Hrrper's Htya-iae.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
RAYLING, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY JANUARY 1s 1888 NJ

arise.
Part payment of debt which ha.
passed the time of statutory limita.
ton revives the whole debt, and tbe
claim holds good for another period OF
six years from the date of such partial
payment.
"A verbal promise to pay, made with
out conditions, is generally held as
sufficient to revive claim otherwise
shut out by the law of limitation.
III. when debt is due, the debtor is
out of the State, the six years. do
not begin to run until he returns. If
he afterward leave the State, the time
forward counts the same as i; he re.
manned in the State
An oral agreement must be p, oven
by evidence. A written agreement
proves itself. The law prefers written
to oral evidence because of its precis
ION.
No evidence may be introduced TO
contradict or vary written contract,
but il may be received IN order to ex
plain ii, when such contract is in need
of explanation.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
CURIOUS LOVE LETTERS.

An old lady has sent the editor of the
Clarion, for publication, copies of some
love letters which were written in 1903
Madam-Most worthy of estimation,
after long consideration and much
meditation of the great reputation you
possess III the nation, have strong
inclination to become your relation.
On your appreciation of tbs declara
tiUn | shall make preparation to move
my situation to a more convenient sta
ton TO profess my animation, and |,
such obligatioAi wJ thy of bs ,rvation
and can obtain comm "a ion, ,it will
be an aSgrandization beyond all cal
culation, at the joy and exultaton OF
Yours,
SANS DISSEMINATION.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18

ly there e ], 900 letter sent in reply
to an advertisement of a single inch
The profit is in fact more than 1 cent
per letter, for, postal facilities having
TO be maintained at any cos, the pub
l.shing bu iiness makes business forth
postoflice, which doubtless would
otherwise be conducted at consider
able loss even at 3 cents per letter or
at higher sum. 1t may reasonably
be con~idered that the present cheap
letter postage would not have been es-
tablished but for the newspapers.
which have created such constant use
of the mails. The United States ought
not to be behind Canada The 10. OO0
or more advertisers in the United
States are the greatest promoters of
postal business, but there is still room
for an extension of advertising and the
use of the mails for transmitting light
articles. -GaireSton NeaUS.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
OPENING OF THE YEAR.

The year has opened under fearfu
auspices all over the world. Half OF
ireland is starving Floods have
drowned out the valleys of the Rhine
and Danube and Rhone and Seine
and Impoverished million of people.
The winter opened in continental
Europe with bitter cold weather and
snow storms of extraordinary severity
and PERSISTENCE, which covered the
slopes of the Alps the Appenines, the
Balkans and the Carpathian noun
tains. Then followed sudden thaw
accompanied oy heavy rains, and the
sno" which rrder ordinary circum
stances would have remained upon the
valleys gradually. was melted all nt
once, and ;he precipitation of whole
season was hurled in one fearful deluge
INTO the narrow channels of The rivers.
The Danube ro6t lif' cen feet above
the high water mark of spring at Vien-
ma; the Rhone, the Seine, the Po. he
Rhine. the Vistula. all rose ebove their
banks and made lakes where farms and
villages had been. Grcat cities like
Mannhelln are almost submerged. Raab
las teen e. rel Y abandoned. and other
places on the shores of the great rivers
are doing their busiuess chiefly by
means of boats. The deluxe came So
suddenly In many places that escape
was impossible, and hundreds were
drowned. The suffering and destitu-
tion which has resulted is something
unrrct idented. As we said. over a
million OF people have been impovish-
ed. The greatest suffering seems to be
IN Germany. Here the climate is most
severe, the poverty Of the masses ord.
inarily most abject, and the
means of relief. by reason OF the nov
erty OF the country, are least. The
wealthy of North Germany are them.
selves poor when measured by the stand
ard of more fortunate countries. and
there is but little to spare for such an
emergency as this. The poorer classes
at best, are little better off than the
poorest peasantry of Ireland. There
are well-grounded fears that starvation
and pestilence will follow in the wake
OF the Hoods. While our own country
in its prosperity, was being slowly ava
Aened to duty of charity for the suffer
ing across the water, and while our
German fellow citizens particularly |
were forwarding substantial aid TO the
stricken fatherland, comes this awful
upon Milwaukee, in which
The fatalities lave been greater than
hose OF any one province by the
hoods of Europe. People have come
n spite of themselves to believe that
mere Is sort oi contagion in disaster.
md that great calamiries happen IN
groups. Where aud how will the hand
u fate strike next xt!-Detroit Evening
News.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE.

hEFAULT having been made in a certain In.
u dentuie OF mortgage bearing date ,Iime ~
MI made aud executed by. Mark :. Dfllev. ,f
lord county, Michigan 10 George Penninp.
non. OF Meadvllie, Penn. which was duly record
ca on The 18th day OF June. 1881 in tho office nf
the Register Of Deeds in and for Crawford colint
~ Mich IN Liber a of Mortgages. AT PAGE 255
ana upon which there is claimed 10 he due n I
the date of this notice. the sum Of One Hundred
ana Two and 20 100 dollars l5lg2 20 1901 aud ali
unpaid taxes, and no proceedings having been
taken in law or IN equity t. collect the Payment
or any pat thereof
Notice is hereby given, that on Tuesday. March
l3ih, A d. 1881, at one O'Clock in the afferIoon OF
SAID day, said mortgage will be foreclosed bv n
safe ot the premises in said mortgage descibcd
at pubIc auction. 70 the highest biider sale 10
take place at the west front door of ih, ,.ruft
Use IN the village pi Grnyiinr ir -aif rofirt, of
Crawford, that being the PLACES of holding The
circuit court FOR said county Of Crawford I'm
winch SAID niortgaged premises are stuatedl or
so much thereof as may be necessary To satiefy
Ina pay the amount due on said mortgage with
ten per cent interest, taxes and legal costs 10
getner WITH an ATTORNEY fee of Twenty five Dol
lars covenanted for the~ein: that is To- saw the
Sputh-hnli ~ the nortli-eaet qu1tter Of .ectinu
twenty-ix ~ tppu twcuty-uigh. north of ranoe
lotlf west ot Crawford covnty, state OF Michigan
Dated kalkaska. Mich. Dec T. 1SS2
GEORGE BENNINGHOFF.
ARTHUR A. BLE.tZBY.
Attorney Tor Mortgagee, diI
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
rIuc ANSWER:
SANS DISSEMINATION.


Sri perased your oration will
much deilber.t.oh aId II little coaster-
nation, at the infdtuation of your weak
imagination, 10 show such veneration
on so slight foundation. But, after
examination and serious contempla-
Uon, / suprose your animation was
the iruit ot recreation or had sprJng
nom ostentation to display your edu-
cation, by am odd enumeration, CT
multiplication of words of the same
i erlnination, thorgh at great ar a ion
II each respective signitication. Now
without d!sputation your laboriou
application to So teLi us IN occupa-
tlon deserves comm indat on, and (. TX
ing. imitation a sufficient qualification,
| am, without hesitation. Yours,
MAY MODERATION.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
TO STATE PAPERS.

Mr. VIM. III. Brennan, of Elmira
ots' go county, Michigan, desires in
formation as TO the whereabouts of hi,
brother, Mr.. Thomas Fl. Brennan
whom he has neither seen nor heard o
or from since the war of the Rebellion.
or 1864.
Should the above paragraph chance
to catch the eve of any person or per
sons knowing of his whereabouts. or
demise, they will confer amarked fo.
vor by ADDRESSING such inforna' ion TO
MIR. VIM. II. Brennan, of Elmira, OF
sego Co., Mich. Mr.. Brennan was for
merly resident of Troy, N. Y.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18

Julius" in communication 70
the the Otsego County Herald on the
Senatorial question, winds up his ar
ticle as follows: I'm conclusion. al
low me to say that the fidelity of our
own Representative at Lansing, to the
true principles of the Republican par
~ (lnstead of catering to the wishes of
the horde of federal ofiice-holders ~
deserves the admiration and approval
OF his entire constituency.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18

The AVALANCHE office has received
Zine lot of new job type, and is now
prepared to compete with any office in
the state for lctter heads, bill heads
note heads. envelopes, cards, etc, etc
Call and be" Us before ordering else
where.
Harpers School Books at the Post
OHce ot pub fishers prices.
The AVALANCHE Office has turned
out some very neat and tasty
job printing during the past few weeks.
Gall IN and lcol: at samples.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
THE WESTERN EDITOR.

"A Western editor received q letter
from an indignant subscriber. who
said; IL don't want your paper any
longer. To which the editor mildly
replied; That's all right. wouldn't
make it any longer If you did. because
III that case should have to buy a
new press. The present length just
suits me, and | am glad il suits you. "
is to he hoped that this soft an
swer turned away wrath. -
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18

The AVALANCHE Office has received
another lot of new job type and an in
voice of cards, invitations. envelopes.
paper etc, and is now ready to receive
your orders, which will be executed
with neatness AID tisrstth.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
NnTICE.
UNITED STATES 7.

UNITED STATES LAND OFFICE.
Re.st CITY. Mich. November e9th 1892
Complaint ha ing been enter ed At this Office nv
Aifrf.i \. TrInant against WarTsn c. Smith for
hhahionIng bis horrsfcad cnfry No ssla dated
p'tSis'r 18th lS l. urrnn the u ~ set sasr ~
Z ~fish'p y 3 W; W Crpwf' ri county Nichi-
H"n. with vNw 80 the cancellation II said en-
tNi'he saw p'ities are her.iy sisi nioned 20
rNir~a ~ tl'is off,re ~ thr 9tth day ~ January
p'S, ~ " O'clock M. rpspcrd a. d furnish tes.
bin7ny ~'n' e-ninV s,id nllered nhandorment
w.A. I.N...Itl =, =, t.nT'N' Register.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
POSTAGE ON NEWSPAPERS.

There are now over ll.O0D papar,
printed in the United States. In view
OF the fact that the press is an educa-
tional agent, it has been suggested
that the Government could not do b T.
ter than TO allow publishers To send
their papers free OF postage and as
many copies as they ara willing to tax
lhemselvs with in order TO secure new
subscribers AM the result will b. ben
ehclent 10 the Po'tpin e Deplrrn mt
a1d the public In Canada publishers
are allowed TO IN lii their editions free
of any postal charges, because the au-
thorities recognize the Importance of
newspapers as public educators. and
wish 20 further so banelicent an insti
tuition by every means in their power.
An article in the AgshtS R'yHR show.
that the newspaper, besides being a
great boon To Tie masses rs On educa-
tor, is also great factor in the matter
OF dollars and cents TO the Postoffice
Department. It can be safely s,il
that very large proportion Of letters
written are in reply 20 advertisements.
An advertiser says he received ini an
swer to his advertisements no less than
24O, 900 letters in the course of n few
months. The postage stamps upon
these letters cost S., 200. Allowing
these letters can be carried for 2 cents |
each, ms the postal department admits.
the profits to the postoffice from these
advertisements vas S2,l0). FREQUENT.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18

CONNECTIONS are made az e. Ignace with The
popular steamer City of Cleveland for Detroit
and intermediate points.
The Michigan Central Railroad for Detroit and
all points in Michigan and the East, South and
Southeast.
With the New England Transportation Cos line
for Milwaukee, Ceicago, Coliingwood, and all
doints In Canada.
At Marquette with the Marquette Houghton &
OntonaRon Railroad for the Iron and Copper Dis
tricts and with steamers for Duluth and the
Northwest
Through tickets on sale at Marquette aHd st
1gnace, and all points in Northern Peninsula.
Pullman SleepeIs on night express traias
Day traiRs daily except Sundays.
For information as to passenger and freight
ates apply To the Office Of General Freight and
Passenger Agent
THOS. McKEOwN Gen1 supt. Marquette. Mich.
+. MlLLLGAN, Gen'l Fr't & Pass'r Agt.,
apr27'2 Marquette, Mich.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18

All trains on SAGINAW Division daily
except Sundays Connecting trains
cave Chicago 0 m daily except Sun
days and pm daily except Saturdays.
Wagner Sleeping Cars on night trains.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
" ISE 6: 5::5': 6: :: ::.s.. :s..... E:

earnings, and il me
become wealthy; those who DO NOT i'm
prove their opportunities remain i'm
poverty. We offer great chance 30
make money. We want maI men,
women, boys and girls TO worl, for us
right in their own localities. Any ne
can do the work properly froin "a, first
start. The business will pay more tan
ten times ordinary wages. Expensive
outfit furnished free. No one who en-
cages fails 10 mai.R money rapidly. You
can devote your whole time TO the work
or only your spare moments. Full in
formation and all that is nee led sent
Tree: Address Stinson s. Co, Port
land, Maine. noy3OyI
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
SOUTHWARK.

All trains daily except SUNDAYS.
Z. G. BROWN, Asst General Supt.
Jackson.
FRANK /. WHITNEY, Asst Gen'l
Pass. and Ticket Ag't, Chicago.
II. Is. LEDGAR Gen. NJ gr, Detroit.
o. w. RUGGLES, Gen. Pass. and
Ticket Agt., Chicago
w. y. VAUGHAN, Supt. Mackinaw
Div, Bay City.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1883-01-18
Detroit, Mackinac and Marquette
Pioneer East and West Line

Through tie Upper Peninsula Vf
4Michigan
2I0 Miles Shorter and IL hours 9uisher
than any otherlin JttUeen DetroH,
Southern Kichigdn, and all
Points East and Southeast
and the Iron did Cop
per Districts.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
A roaruSs MADE BY WOODEN EAT

MANY persons upon whom fortune does
not smile, or who wish to be rich very
quickly, think that nowadays it is not pos
sible for simple man to get to the
top of the tree, because all occupations are
so overstocked, and there are already too
many people in the world.
That this opinion is false one, and that
the right man can always do something for
himself, if he has the real stuff in him and
perseveres, the following true story proves :
In the year 1926 poor journeyman
turner named Muhle, in worn-out shoes,
through which his bare toes projected,
with a knapsack on his weary back, ar
rived at little village not far from Colmar,
in Alsace. In this village was an engine
factory, in which our workman had come
to look for employment. But the poor fell.
lows ragged, miserable appearance did not
tell in his favor, and the master of the fac
tory at once sent him about his business.
Our journeyman turned away, and sadly
and despondently went out at the door ;
but he had scarcely placed his hat on his
head. when from the office within he heard
the voice of the master of the factory call.
ing him back. He returned to the factory,
and the proprietor asked him What in
the name of wonder is that kind of hat
which you wear %
at is my own, and turned out of
wood"
"What A wooden hat ! 1 must ex-
anime it little closer. Where did you
buy it ?"
81 did not buy it made it myself"
Indeed How and where, then %
"On the turning. lathe"
"But your hat Is oval, and on the turn
ing-lathe things are made round. Some
one else must have done that for you you
could not have made that hat.
eyes, it is as l say, replied the poor
journeyman. 81 turned the hat myself. :"
And how have you made it? It must
be wonderful clever fellow to make an
oval hat on a turning-lathe.
81 moved the central point, and then
turned it as it suited me. As I have to
walk long distances, and cannot afford to
buy an umbrella, / made hat which would
serve me instead"
The manufacturer was struck, for he saw
that poor Muhle had by himself discovered
a difficult problem in the art of turning,
which in the mechanics of the present day
has become of such great Importance. He
recognized the immense value of the dis
covery. and at once took the poor fellow
into his employ. He soon found out that
Muhle was not only avery clever workman
and turner. but a real genius, too, who
only required further instruction and guild
ance.
And so it turned out. Muhle entered
the business; in due time he became a
partner, and after the manufacturers death
he was sole proprietor. At his death he
left s fortune of millions. His wooden hat
had been the first cause, and his clever
head the cause Of his success.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1883-05-12
IH1sroaY IN rHR JONES FAMILY.

"Pa," sskei Willie Jones, as he was
studying his history lesson, "who was
Helen Of Troy ?"
"Ask your ma" said Mr.. Jones, W
was not up in classic lore.
"Helen of Troy" said Mrs. Jones, who
was sewing a new heel on the baby's shoe,
twas a girl who used to live with us ; she
came from Troy, New York, and we found
her in an intelligence office. She was the
best girl I ever had before your father
struck Bridget"
ibid pa ever strike Bridget: ?" asked
Willie, pricking up his ears.
81 was speaking paragoricslly, said
Mrs. Jones.
There was silence for few moments,
then Willie came to another epoch in his
tory.
INA, who was Marc Antony"
"Au cid colored man who lived with
my pa. What does it say about him
there?"
SIT says his wife's name was Cleopatra. !"
"The very same Old Cleo used to
wash for us. It's strange how they come
to be in that book"
"History repeats ITSELF" murmured Mr..
Jones, vaguely, while Willie looked at his
ma with wonder and admiration that one
small head could carry all she knew. Pres
emily he found another question to ask.
"Say, ma, who was Julius Cesar ?"
"Oh, he was one of the pagans of his
tory" said Mrs. Jones, trying to thread
the point of her needle.
"But what made him famous ?" per-
sisted Willie.
+" Everything" answered Mrs. Jones,
complacently he was the one who said,
Eat, thou brute, when his horse wouldn' t
take its oats. He dressed in sheet and pill.
low-case uniform, and when his enemies sur
rounded him he shouted, Gimme liberty
or gimme death, and ran away"
Bully for him r remarked Willie,
shutting up the book of history. But
say, ma, how came you to know go much
Won't 1 lay over the other fellows tc-
morrow, thought
81 learned it at school, said Mrs. Jones,
with an oblieue glance at Mr.. Jones, who
was listening as grave as statue. "I had
superior advantages, and l paid attention
and remembered what heard"
well, l say, ma, who was Horace?"
"Your pa will tell you about him, am
tired" said Mrs. Jones.
Then she listened with pride and ap.
prevail while Mr.. Jones informed his son
that Horace was the author of the Tin
Trumpet and rare work on farming, and
the peoples choice for President, and only
composed Latin verses to pass away the
time and amuse himself. Il Detroit Post and
Tribune