davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1883-07-05

Several gentlemen not Immediately con-
nected with the duel were on the ground
whilst the preliminaries were being AZ
ranged. When every thing was ready they
were requested to retire out OF sight, SO as
not to be witnesses to the actual combat.
They did so. AS far as positively known
no one save those Immediately concerned
saw the firing.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1883-07-05

Mr.. Elam's friends declare that this
duel gives him the next Governorship.
Prior, however, to his nomination for
that office, his disabilities under theduelling
act will have to be removed by the legisla-
ture.
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1883-07-05
IRON CLAD PAINT.

in our roofing. This iron we have manufactured
especially for our own use, and all imperfect
sheets are thrown out. The iron Is painted ON
both sides with
The Valley Virginian. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1865-1895, 1883-07-05
ITS ADVANTAGES OYER SHINGLES.

Shingles were once made of the best selected
timber and lasted longer than now; they are
now made mostly of limbs, odd cuttings, and
such timber cannot be made into anything
else, and are short-lived at best, and frequently
leak rain or fine snow. The average life of shin
gle roofs is twelve years, and in towns where
coal is used only ten years. Shingles are old
fashioned and have seen their best days.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Personal.

1t is reported that DR.. Oliver Wendell
Holmes intends soon to visit England.
Perez Galdos, author of that charming
story "Gloria," is a candidate for admission
to the Spanish Academy.
Gladstone has been rendered and has ac-
cepted dinner at the rooms of the London
Reform Club.
Speaker Keifers wife's favorite dress is of
steel-blue satin, combined with light ht-tinted
brocade, and a Marie Stuart collar of point
lace.
Another claimant to the abeyant throne of
France appears in the form of a man calling
himself Prince Charles Edmond de Bourbon,
son of Louis XVII.
Francis Phelps, of Grafton, VT, was pois-
oned in assisting to place the remains of Mrs.
Dea. Fairbanks. who died of black erysipe-
las, in coffin two weeks ago. Physicians
say he cannot recover.
Mr. James Russell Lowell is to have the
honor of unveiling the bust of Fielding, which
is to be erected in the novelist's native coun-
ty. English critics are surprised that such
distinction should be accorded a mere Amer
lean.
Mile. Corvisart, the daughter of the doctor
of that name who was the medical man of
Napoleon III. during the last years of his
life, has been sent for by the Empress Eu-
genie. who intends to take charge of her, her
father having died suddenly.
The Rev. George A. Gordon, of Green
wich Conn. who has received call to the
pulpit of the Old South Church of Boston.
declines to leave his little charge in Green
wich until he can find satisfactory successor
to continue his work. The Boston church
feels sure of getting him. however. in time.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Dailp kfnneher 3nurnal.
Good Cooking.

Good cooking is an important element in
home life and happiness. Many people think
that while girl must go to school for years
to accomplish knowledge of her own and
foreign languages, and must have masters for
this and that accomplishment. she may be
safely left tn pick up an acquaintance with
cooking after she has household of her own.
This is a mistake. | myself once had a
dreadful time in trying to prepare a dinner,
in the absence of my faithful Bridget. and |
would have given up Latin Greek and French
that day to have known when the potatoes
were done, and to have discovered how to get
the peas and beans out of the water in which
they were floating.
To be a good cook, girls, one needs a
light firm hand, an accurate eye, and a pa
tient temper. One needs, too, few rules
and a trustworthy recipe-book. We have all
seen the easy way in which good cook makes
cake. She tOsses three or four things to-
gether, gives flirt of the spice-box, and a
feathery touch or two of her foamy eggs, pops
the pan into the oven, and presto! there ap-
pears the perfect loaf. And if you ask her
how she did this or the other part of her
work, she will very likely smile and say,
"Oh, used my judgment"
The judgment is the quality which no
novice in cooking can expect to possess, just
as novices on the piano can perform the
Moonlight Sonata after learning two or
three scales, and no beginner with the pencil
can paint such sea pieces as De Hass.
But if you are watchful and persevering
the judgment will surely come, and by and
by you will be as independent
Whatever else you omit, girls, do not omit
to learn to prepare food properly, for
You may live without friends, you may live without
books,
But civilized men cannot live without cooks.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
HOUSE.

ihoRsoAf, JAN Io'"
Ir'yer oy 'oe o"ar'ain'
I'pers .ro"' 'he senate u'spo'eo o' IN
occurrence.
6 conn'u.',sa.'on S.i H"s ,e.ee. i'1u, ':', tne
e.i.'a,a " 'ta,e ia, .nq uvro. 'e es,sla
.u.s ~ III -. ~ %1 u VIC ~
POI a'i'us Vi 'ne 80 e"di'e'eu os sPecia'
law anu ofean,A,u ,a un'ei sene'Ai raw p1ior
~ Dee.n'osi ~ lop ais" Ia. rug oe'ore 'he
legislature hs's ehioracn,V .,e names Oh such
corpora,i,n' as ns'e "a, lnane ',e annuai return
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Agricultural Items.

The British Quarterly Journal of Agri-
culture pays the following tribute to French
horses: The horses of Normandy are a
capital race for hard work and scanty fare.
Have never elsewhere seen such horses at
the collar. Under the diligence, post
carriage, or cumbrous cabriolet. or on the
farm, they are enduring and energetic beyond
description. With their necks cut to the
bone, they finch not. They keep their
condition when other horses would die of
neglect and hard treatment
1t is estimated by the Massachusetts,
Ploughman that if we could know just how
many farm buildings have been destroyed
by storing hot ashes in wooden vessels the
the number of supposed incendary fires
would probably be reduced one-half. "Fire
is often retained in large Goals. which are
but charred wood, for long time after
there is, to the careless observer no indi-
cations of fire.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
General News.

The bullion output of Arizona for 1882
aggregated Sll, ,702, ,294 %.
Fifty prominent citizens of Bangor, have
petitioned the State legislature to erect an
insane asylum in Eastern Maine.
Maurice Vignanx, the French billiard
champion. has notified Hugh Collender that
he accepts the offer of a six months profess
sional engagement in this country.
Laurence Barnes, J. J. Estey Jacob Estey
and Levi X. Fuller have given $4,000 each to
place the Saxon's River, VT, Academy on a
sound financial basis.
There will be q professional base ball
teams in the country this season, which
means 270 professional players, aggregating
about $3.50 900 in salaries.
The Mayfiower mine, of Bullion, Idaho,
Welded 800 tons of first class ore during 1882.
carrying an average of 10 ounces, and
about 20 per cent lead, valued at about $780,
600.
Fiction covered only 43 per cent of the
49, ,752 volumes circulated by the st. Louis
Mercantile Library last year. less than two
thirds the proportion usual in public libra
ries
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Notice of Foreclosure.

NyHEREAS, William Ryan and John W. Clark
w by their deed Of mortgage, bearing date Jan.
18th, A. ID. 1879. conveyed to Charles b. Cabe-, II
certain lot Parcel Of land, situated in town of
vassalboro, In kcnnebec County, which said land
Is fully described In said mortgage deed, and which
Of Deeds, In Book 322, Page 2l0. 10 which said
mortgage deed and Records, reference Is her. by
made. Tor particular description Of said premises
teenth day Of December, A. d. 1882, duly assigned,
transferred and conveyed TO John W. clark. by said
Charles B. Cabes by his deed of assignment Of that
date by him signed and acknowledged.
And whereas the conditions OF said mortgage has,
ing been broken, now by OF the breach Of
ditions thereof, claim foreclosure of said
mortgage. JOHN W. CLARK.
Augusta Me-, January 18th, 1883
BY z. ". Whitehousr, his Attorney.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
A LECTURE TO YOUNG MEN
On the Loss Of
EZZ:yIElslsl1

Lecture on the Nature, Treatment and
Radical cure Of Seminal Weakness, or Spermatorr-
bea induced by Self Abuse Involuntary Emissions,
Impotency. Nervous Debility, and Impedimenfs 10
Fits; Mental and Physical lncapacty, efc.-By
ROBERT J. CULvERWELL, N. D., author Of the
"Green Book" etc. =.
Lecture clearly proves from bis experience that
the awful consequences Of sclfAbuse may be IF.
fectually removed without dangerous surgical oper
ations, bourgies, instruments, rings or c0rdisls;
pointing ont q mode of cure at once certain and
enectna by which every sufferer, matter wat
his condition may be may cure himself cheaply ffl
vately, and radically.
~ This lecture TW prore boon to Thousands
and HOus0pds.
sent under seal In plain envelope, TO any address
on receipt of six cents or two postage stamps.
Address,
THE CULVERWELL MEDICAL co.,
~ 4 mn ST., New York, n. T., Post Once Box,
49, jan9wIy
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
State of Maine.
IL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,,

IN kEPRFNENTAI1 81
January ., 1883,
opnERED. The Senate concurriDg, that the time
tr reception of petitions for private and special leg
s.tion excerpt for the redress Of wrongs and gr.v-
spces te limited to Monday, Jan. 18th, and that all
,,ns preseuted after that a'e be referred 10 the
pext Legislature, and that fhe Clerk of the House
esuse this order be published in the Daily kenne-
nc Journal, Portland Daily Pres, Eastern Argus,
Journal Bangor Commercial, Bath Daily Times and
Aroostook Republican
Read and passed. Sent up for concurrence.
ORANANDEL sMITH, Clerk.
In senate, Jan 10. 1853.
Read and passed in concurrence.
G. ". TILDES, Sec'y.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
H:H5{|E4;3i] (5aHSaa|El< p
IS YOUR
+5sS1 sSS1oc

fhersslrts sick and doc
tor for fidnry or Hrer tronbes. or dyspepsia r"'s
irtsetruth Ino'r, tie rsdlcanse 's at "eo''
s3s -suo,cnsd DR.. C7endinning. sfdrthng'v sdss
.one:hird Of my subjects sho,c signs efhed'f
tn, lsor ,c,i1As about nsne Ounces, and yet nsdnS
t,centysiyh. pounds er blood passes through ones
IN a minute md a-hdr resting not day or nsgA'!
surely his sabjecf should Aaee CAREFUL attention.
DR.. Grares a celebrated physicida has prepared
spectfc for all Aef troubles and Kindred dfsorders
mis- kno,on us DR.. Graves Heart Kesulaser
and can he ob.nned at your dyngoisfs. e per bottle.
ur botsles for IS by erprees. Send stamp Jor Dr.
Crares' thorough and erAdssfire treaties. %
EE IaoaAs, Sole Americon Agenf, Concord ". ID.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Committee on Legal Affairs.

The Committee will meet in the Senate Cbambe
a2P NJ, Tuesdays and Thursdays.
PHILIP II. STUBBS. Cha;.
CHAS. p. MATTOCKs. '""'''"e"
Augusta, Jan. 10, 1883.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Committee Notices.
Comm ittee on judiciary.

COmmltfee on judiciary.
The Committee Judiciary will meet at their
committee room Tuesdays and Thursdays at ,
O'Clock, p. NJ.
Sc: 3. 8: hkkk. hkfkoht' chairmsn.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

WIllM A Treats ." ,i ,a-ir EA lnii
~ uVuvUspeedy cure SENT FREE. DR JC
-HosFAAN.P 4. .Rox i3s, { .nicagu, III
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

Committee on Fisheries and Game.
The Joint Standing Committee on Fisheries and
Game will meet at Committee Room No. l6, on
1hursdays Mt O'Clock Z. NJ.
81. III. G6oPMIk.. k5SbArE. chAirmen.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

Committee on Legislative Appoftionment.
The Committee on Legislative AppOrtiOnmtnt will
meet at the Senate Chamber Thur day, jan 18th,
lss3, at7P. NJ.
FRANCIS Z; HEATH Charmpn.
BENZ. H. THATCHER. !
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Committee on Interior Waters

The Committee Inter or Waters will meet at
room No. 9, Capitol Building, on Thursdays at =
o'clock, L. NJ, until further notice.
VIRGIL X. CONNuR. lch,;xon
NATHANIEL MEADER.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Committee on Banks and Banking.

Tn. Committee on Banks and Banking will mt ct
ct their committee rot IN, No. IL, on Tuesdays at
O'Clock T. N.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

Committee on Congressional Appo,tionmenf.
The Con miitee on Congressional Apporiionmenf
will meet in the Senate ihn.ber on Tuesday, Jan.
10, 1855 at 40 o'c.ock L. NJ.
JAMES WY MOUTH. hairmen.
HERBERT NJ HEATH.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Committee on Military Afaiys.

The Committee on Military Affairs will meet at
Adjutant Generals Office. W, dnesdays. at II
lock, noon. WM. q. FO,1ER, Clerk.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Com ~ iftee on ToEns

The Committee on Towns W II n eet at Committee
Room No. IL, on " .dles, avs at O'Clock z. N.
MN WM; D. KoHh. sISnN thsirmen.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

Committee on Ways and Bridges.
The Committee on Ways and Bridges will meet at
the State House, Room No. q, every Wednesday nj
= O'Clock, =. NJ. until otherwise ordered.
VI. COFFIN, ,,o;,r,
&c. KENDALL. !
Augusta, Jan. 10Th, 1855.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

se.stS SCT.nmttse on State Prison will meet in the
fsrtSs, lumber ON Fridays at O'Clock, p. NJ, unit,
hoe'ee. G; W. .McALlsTR. h.,-u.r
ELIAS THOMAS Shaimeh'
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Com m,ifee on Claims.

The Conmi tee ON Claims will meet in Room No
10, under senate Chamber, on Mondays at = O'Clock
7. NJ, until further notice
y. K. LU, T., Sec'y Of Committee.
Augusta, Jan. II, loss.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19
Committee on Indian .ifairs.

The Committee on Indian Affairs will meet at
their committee room No. 10, under S.nH g Cham
Der, on W ednes sda, : AT O'Clock r. NJ
JAMES WEYMOUTH. c.,;ru,,
b. +. kfLBf.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

Committee on State Lands and State Roads.
The Conmi, tee on State Lands and State Eoad,
MI meet AT the Land Ofhce Wednesdays ai O'Clock
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1883-01-19

Is. s. MARBLE. lC,a;
HENRY NJ. BEARCE, NV"
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1883-10-13
Base Ball Matters.

CHICAGO, Oct. 12.-The american
sport is authority for the statement
that eight clubs, now members of the
American base ball association. have
10y correspondence agreed to increase
the number to twelve next year by
the admission of clubs at Chicago,
indianapolis, Washington and
Brooklyn. The same paper pub
fishes the official average Of batting
and fielding by players of the na-
tlonal league for the season lust
closed. Pitchers record in matter of
runs earned shows Mccormick. of
Cleveland, to be in the lead, the rec
ord being one and thirty-five hun
dredths. Daily, of the same city.
second, with one and thirty six hmm,
dredths. Then comes Ridbourn. of
Providence, with n and forty three
hundredths; Corcoran, OF Chicago.
n ana seventy-one hundredths:
whitney, Boston, one and eighty
hundredths. Among the catchers.
order IS Bennett, of Detroit, Ewing.
husband Cleveland, Rowe Buffalo.
Gllligan Providence. In fielding
Merrill of Boston leads; first baseman
Farrell OF Providence; second base
man Denny of Providence; third
Glasscock of Cleveland:
Harnung of Boston; field
ers order OF merit in batting among
first twelve players, is as follows:
Brouthers OF Buffalo; Conner New
York; Gere Chicago; Burdock Bos-
on; Dunlap Cleveland; O'Rouke
Buffalo; Sutton Boston; Merrill Bos-
on; Gillespie New York; Gross
Philadelphia; Richardson Buffalo.
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1883-10-13
Business Outlook.

New YORK, Oct, 12.-R. G. Dunn
Il Co., ofthe merchantile agency, re-
ports, figures available show a very
considerable decline in the volume
OF business at this point, which IS
somewhat Disappointing in view of
The tact that a month of presumed
activity Ia yet to be anticipated in
purchasers of general merchandise:
payments have however, been very
satisfactory; thus far the amount Of
goods taken during the season have
yielded fair profits to jobbers, though
Manufacturers have not much to show
owing to excessive productions.
Lower prices generally prevailed in
speculative markets during the week
though cotton was a little higher in
the early part, owing to the reports
of damage to the crop; there seems to
be no doubt of very considerable
damage to the crop, though
prices went several points lower
amid a good deal OF excitement YES
terday on the strength Of the denials
The damage was not so great as an
ticipated. The condition of the
south, however, is so much improved
that even the partial failure of corn
be better borne now than ever
before, and if prices improve as an
ticipated the loss by under produc-
ton may be somewhat made up. |
clear from the showings made. It
is believed the decline in values on !
The stock market and the importont
failures which have occurred and the
general want Of confidence that pre-
walls will put a wholesome check to |
unwise condition in credit.
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1883-10-13
THEH FRENCH

The French have given the Chi
nese a drubbing. The result of the
Tonquin lmbroglio was expected, be.
cause the recent outbreak of Chinese
wrath aud jealousy toward Euro
peans at Canton had indicated the
growth of a spirit among this pecu-
liar people which might manifest
itself in a general war against for
eigners. The foreign quarter in Can
ton is somewhat isolated and easily
protected by gunboats, of which
there are enough in the neighbor-
hood to ensure safety to the foreign
colony.
Immediate danger to the foreigners
congregated in the quarter allotted to
them in Canton, is not now sug-
gested. But the old Chinese race
prejudices animositles and revenges
have been rekindled by the French
invasions, and the Chinese people are
liable to be carried away by an I'LL.
comfortable hostility to all Caucasian
foreigners. So it happens that the
and English merchants
and missionaries are all imperilled
by the recent French demonstration.
but as the United States has a war
vessel there, the fact may serve to
check the heathens' rage against our
'ountrymen. The English have
proved fully able to take care Of them
|elves on a former occasion and no
ears may be entertained for their
there.
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1883-10-13
Hoadly Congratulate

CINCINNATI, Oct 11.-.Judco,
ly spent several hours in his oei load
day, where he was visited hr ol'ce TO-
number of friends to N.Y. d large
him. lie shows weakness fro "tolate
campaign, but endured bravee1Ina The
task OF continuous hand.sL:y The
Much time was consumed in raallns.
ing and reading kilograms Of ,eee1y-
ulatlOns among them VS. o'erat.
"Yonkers, N. Y, Oct. Ill co liis::
late you on your brilliant trigrata-
Signed, s. J. Tjlden." "'ohph,
kilograms are also received r..
Senator Jones, Louisiana: IRON
Garrett, Baltimore; Senator MIs9oert
aid, August Belmont and MANI vDon
erS. 1y 9th
The condition of the returns o.,.
county is such that nothino oal ms
definitely stated in addition to ,v wh De
has been given until an official "nat
This will be next week. A rum"unit.
current IN some places that Govapnl Is
Foster and other Republicans 1,aor
here to investigate the chsro were
fraud in connection with tho eoso VI
but an inquiry among Repuhli fo.e,
reveals no knowledge of such char"n'aass
or of such investigation. "'ses
Ex-Governor Rice, President T..
coin. and fifteen other memher," ns
the Boston Commercial Club arr, VI
at 10 tonight. Elaborate arranea
ments have been made for thair
tertainment by the Cincinnati ro en-
nercial Club. The Chicago and nI III
Louis Commercial Clubs will be here
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1883-10-13
Russian News

ST. PETERsRURG, Oct. ia dis
patch from Vladirastock announces
that the steamer kamts chatka ar
rived there yesterday. She reports
that eleven trading schooners. nation
ality unknown, after driving off the
American guard ship Leon, belong
ing to the Alaska Commercial com
pany, stationed at the Island Of
Tjulenij: landed sixty armed men,
including some japanese, and took
possession Of the island. The Leon
immediately proceeded to Karssax-
oWsky station, on Island Saghalien,
and demanded ass stance, but owing
to the small garrison there, &c assist
ance was available. When the KAN
tschatka passed Tjulenij, her captain
saw eight schooners lying off the
island.
The governor of Eketrinostar has
issued a proclamation declaring if the
antl-JeWish Outrages are renewed
they will be suppressed by force of
arms. This action is owing to the
fact that the instigators of the out
RACES insist that the government dare
not employ arms against the people.
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1883-10-13

Omaha Herald: Protection finds 8
lovely illustration in the strike ofthe
Pittsburg window glass workers,
who, being reduced to starvation
wages by the phiIanthropists who be-
moan the condition of the "pauper
labor of Europe" have the alterna-
tive to either submit to the 1nevi-
table or depart for other better fields
of labor. The glass manufacturers.
after getting the duties adjusted to
suit themselves s, began the importa-
ton of the cheapest labor they could
find. under contract, to take the place
of American labor. Now that the
imported glass blowers find that the
wages do not suffice to maintain
and at the same time paw
the enormous taxes laid upon the
most necessary commodities, they
are driven to the last and saddest re-
sort, a strike. 1t can be plainly seen
that in this, as in every other case,
the American manufacturer is we'll
protected, but where the protection
20 American labor comes in they fail
0 show.
The semi-weekly miner. [volume] (Butte, Mont.) 1882-1886, 1883-10-13
Civil Service Regulations.

WASHINGTON, Oct. Fit is un-
dersteOd the civil service commission
has asked the President to direct q
further classification of employees in
the government service 80 as to
bring a written operation of civil
service rules and class EMPLOYEES
now receiving only 5000 per year.
Inc President is believed to favor
the proposition and it is thought he
Will soon direct the classification of
employees receiving less than 81, 200,
which will include a number of
those receiving less than 5000 and
who are not now subject to the regu-
lations of the civil service comnlis.
sion: 1t is not thought, however,
employees receiving less than $500,
viii be included in the classification