New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-07-18

but the number of hands employed in spinning and
weaving combined is about 100000, exceeding the
number in the United States. If these statistics are
correct they indicate that Americans have much
more effective machinery than the Germans. This
have observed is the case in several large woollen
mills visited. but have not yet been through the
cotton districts of Germany. This industry by the
way, is not confined to one district. but is pros
ecuted in Upper Alsace (Mtlhausen, Gebweiler,
Colmar) in Saxony (Zwickau. Chemnitz Anna
bere in Silesia tBreslau, Liegnitz), in the Rhine
province Dusseldorf Minister Cologne) in Erfurt
and Hanover, in Wtrtemberg in Baden, Bavaria,
Gad in the Paatinate. If the reader would glance
at map of Germany he would at once see how scat
tered the cottoui Industry of the Empire is whencom-
pared with that of England set forth in my let
ter from the cotton region of Lancashire. The CEN
tres of the manufacture of woollen cloth are the
Rhine province, Brandenberg, Lower Silesia, Mag
deburg. Thuringia, Saxony, Wurtemberg, and Al
SAGE. There are probably 100000 persons engaged
in it, The quality of the cloth 10 good but without
q tariff the Germans were unable to compete with
the English in shoddy goods. The present tariff Is
specific, and hence bears heaviest on the cheaper
grades of goods, is prOhibitory on the Battery
and Dewsbury goods of England, so during the
last eighteen months Englishmen have started
factories here. Ia connection with this shall be
able to present facts that will entirely upset the
free trade theory that high duty increases the cost
of goods to the consumer. have samples OF these
Dewsbury and Battery cloth goods made In Ger
many under the new condition of thingsl which
are selling here within twopence halfpenny q
yard of thor price to-day In England. and yet
the duty is practically prohibitory and as 1t has
been on less than four years the industries can
hardly be more than infant ones.
In worsted spinning, Germany is making fair pro-
gress but believe at the present time tina homo
supply falls short of the demand.
Elburfeld aud Barmon now the principal CEN
tres of the linen industry At one time this was
moro important industry than it Is now. Inc de-
velopment of the linen industry In Dundee Scot
land and Belfast Ireland, and also in France ana
Austria Hungary, where, as have already shown
tho wages are exceedingly low. has left Germany
behind in this manufacture though 1t supplies its
home demand and employed in 1875 ls7,7o3
persons.
The main centre of the silk industry Of Germany
,s Crefeld and the surrounding neighborhood
Then como Barmen and Elberfeld and Aix-la-
Chapele in this vicinity The total exports OF
silk silk goods vevets etc., from these districts to
the United States In 1882 aggregated over
100000.
In conclusion we may briefly summarize the
points brought out in this letter. In 1875 the In
dustries of the country were suffering from stag
nation, and none more than the iron trade. The
great works of Herr Krupp had been reduced by
5000 hands, aud other largo works showed pro-
portouate dimifutions. In the cotton industries
Germany had found itself unable to compete with
England in the finer grades of yarns. In the same
way the linen manufacturers found the higher
grades of linen goods monopolized by England and
Dl1a obi
Germany could hold her own.but in Others England
was supplying her market as Will be seen from the
following statement made by an English writer at
this time
1t Is easy to see that at present England con-
trolls if she does not command the markets of Ger
many for nearly every kind of spun and woven
goods"
No Englishman can make such statement as the
above to-day after four years of
now controls its own markets. Englands shorter
land carriage and cheaper sea freghtage and other
advantages in the manufacture of steel gave
her at that time about Sc ton advantage over
Germany. Nearly half her smelling furnaces were
out of blast The highly organized cotton mills of
Lancashire with Liverpool as a port for cotton.
were sending in their goods and crushing out the
scattered inland industries of Germany The native
woolen manufacturers were being hustled out of
ports of English woollen fabrics had steadily in
creased under the free-trade policy, and Berlin
declared at the time that the value
OF English cloth imported had risen from $1,000
600 in 1868 to $40 600, 600 in 1875. This gvies
some idea of the condition of German industry
when the tariff agitation began which ended
in the increa sc of all duties. l shall only
give space in this letter TO the figures showing the
effects of the new tariff upon the most important
and steel. In subsequent letters the
other industries will be treated.
According to the official figures of the Iron and
Steel Association of Germany during 49, 325 estab-
lishments IN Germany employed 153,979 workmen;
in 1883 the same establishments employed 206, $50
workmen; an increase of SO, III workmen. In 1870
these ablishments paid In wages 49,
6OO.75Z marks; for the year ending
in 1853. 1852. 200 marks, al increase for the
wear over 1879 of "a Ash AS marks The average
yearly earnings OF workman under free trade
were 731 mark; aud under protection oo9 marks
an increase of 12S marks in the earnings OF every
man. In still more condensed form here is what
four years of protection have done Tor tue iron in
dustry of Germany from 1879 TO 1883:
Per cent Of
Increase.
Workmen employed ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 800
WAGES Palu I - ~
Not only has the ron-wOrker been benefited by
higher wages but the manufacturer has enjoyed an
ments of 107 companies show that while the aver
age free trade dividends were 1.99 per cent, the
dividends under protection reached 81 per cent
an increase Of 3l7 per cent. Thus in Germany /