Daily globe., 1883-08-09
States and
TarrifD+ao ao


OIah. ..............,.. A0( 10, .t3 90
Washington. -..-....... S,351 4f6,o4l 5z
Wisconsin ... 40 90
Wyoming .............. 81 3,6I9 II
In the report of R. ". Phipps, ESQ, of
Toronto on the necessity of preserving
and repIantiDg forests I find the follow
ing sketch of forests and their manage
ment in other countries, to which [ cali
your attention as one of the most ccmpre
hensive statements we have on this sub
ject. His sketch is taken from an exten-
sive report of Captain Walker, gentle
man who had passed nine months on the
continent by direction of the English
government for that purpose.
In Hanover there are 100000 acres
of forest under government or state
management, belonging t. the church and
to municipalities The care and working
OF these forests costs about $650,000 annu-
ally. The receipts, therefore, are $1,500,-
coo and the profit is about $850,000. The
officers in charge are a first director, an
over-forest master, twenty forest masters,
112 overforesters having charge of the
districts of 100000 or 100000 acres. A
systematic plan for the management
of the forests is adopted. After forest
trees, by thinning, planting, eEc., had
! been gradually got into perfect order the
system of Reproduction forms great part
of the German method. It is as follows:
The rotation and periods are fixed in
the working plan. For beech 1t Is in Han
over 123 years, divided into six periods of
twenty years each, that is to say, when the
forest has been brought into order there
should be nearly equal acres under crop of
treesin each Of the six periods, from one
yearto twenty, from twenty 20 forty and
so Oh. Where a block arrives in the
last period telling is commenced by what
is called preparatory clearing, followed
by Clearing for light in the first year
after seed has fallen, with the object first
Of preparing the ground for the seed:
second, allowing it to geEminate; third,
affording light to the young seedlings
If there is good seed year and sufficient
rain the ground should be covered with
seedlings in two or three years after the
first clearing; but it rs better
generally to wait for second year and aid
nature by hand-sawing, transplanting
from patches of many to the barren spots
and turning up the turf to give the seeds
a better chance of terminating.
When the ground is we'll covered, ther
old trees are felled and carefully removed
so as to do as little damage as possible tc
the new crop, and the block MANmmence'
life, SO to speak, nothing fur4er being
done till the first thinning. The time allow
ed between the first and final clearing'
is from eight to fifteen years. In these
forests can be seen all the periods o.
growth-n1rseries and schools for seed
Iinge.
In Russia there are 20,000,000 of acres o.
forests, 100000 of which are private
and the remainder with which we have
more to do, state, commercial and ecclesi-
astieal Of these the income is $14, 600, ,00t
and the expenses So, soc, 900, leaving Sc,
100000 clear. The forests ID Prussia, al
in Hanover, form part of the finance de
partment, and are presided over by al
overland forest amaster; and ministeria
! director, ordered by a revenue counoello
and Joint ministerial director and numer
Gus council OF board. There are two fores
academies, one near Berlin and one II
Hanover. In some provinces the Prussi al
J government has certain rights concerning
| the management. In Saxony the stat
} forests are nearly 100000 acres, worked a
an expense of S5OO,000 receiving S1,75O,
600, having clear rental of $500 Pc
! acre. The expenditure is planting, draining
l road improvement of inferior wood, filling
. transport, killing insects, etc. About 500
are planted yearly, at an average cost O.
81. so per acre. The official establish
: ment resembles that of Hanover. There il
forest academy at Therandt, with
= separate staff of professors.
g In Bavaria the state forests Scover 3,
Q 100000 acl es. They return, after paying
: all expenses, about $3.50 per acre. Abou
10000 acres are planted or sown annually
f taking 35,000,000 plants and l,oOO,0o(
0 pounds of seed. Persons found guilty OF
b breach Of forest rules have been punishe'
q by enforced labor in the woods. Privat
= forest rights are being bought up by tn
Q government The system Of management
g is much the same as that previously dc
! scribed.
Q In Austria the state forests have beel
y largely sold to meet state necessities, bu
O there will remain nearly 100000 Pre-
# ductive acres, which yield. however, afte
j. expenses are paid, a little over 25 cents Pc
: acre. The existing establishments Q
: forestry are not uniform, and there ar
3 about 1900 employees, of whom twenty-tw
70 are forest masters.
e In the Grand Duchy of Baden there is
# most interesting private forest belonging
If to the Prince of Forestenburg. In tn
e Black Forest there are about $4,000 acre.
s, in charge of eighteen foresters and ovel
h foresters. who have many subordinates.
10 DR.. Loring then referred to the prope
% age for cutting trees, showing how gres
n loss was incurred by allowing them
Il.