davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
SYNCBROYISW IN TELEGRAPHY.
AN ALMOST INFINITE DIVISION OF A SINGLE WIRE
MADE.


MADE.
A private exhibition was given at No. 81
Iroadst. yesterday OF a telegraph instrument which
permits an almost indefinite division OF single telegraph
WIRE The patents are owned by the Standard Electric
Manufacturing Company, organized under the laws OF
this State which Frank W. Jones is the president The
basis of the invention is the synchronous movement OF
instruments situated different points and connected by
an electric current trailing pen is made TO revolve
around a circle of insulated contacts with
which many different operators may be con-
nected The revolving pen is practically continuation
of the main wire and by touching rapidly the contacts 1t
establishes electric circuits that messages may be sent
or received by large number OF operators at the same
time The first attempt in this direction was made in
1873 by Paul La COur of Copenhagen, who invented
what he called the phoniC wheel His invention was
bought by persons interested in the company but
when was put practical test it found to be use
less The difficulty which had to be met was TO make
the trailing pens revolve around the circle Of contacts
with exact uniformity at both ends Of the wire in use
difference OF minute fraction Of second destroyed the
electrical circuits that messages could moi De trans
mitted with certainty
After three years spent in study and experiment. Pat
trick Is. Deany has Invented Improvements to La C0urs
system 10y which the movements OF the instruments nave
been made synchrOnOus and any variations selfcOrrect
ing Tie result already obtained Is 70 enable twelve
operators the wire In either direction without
of automatic printers, sevenytwO messages may DE sent
received the wire at the same ume and as
In the OF the twelve operators IL makes no
difference in which direction the messages or any part OF
them are sent The trailing pen completes the electric
circuit from the contact at one end OF the hr 10 te cor
responding contact al the other end rcVONes around
circle a the rate OF 176 times minute but touches
each contact long enough to complete the circuit W.T. lout
taking sufficient time TO interrupt the practical working
o. the remaining circuits.
The instruments have been used eXperimentaly for
some time on line between tAls eli! ana bo'tVh Win
satisfactory results.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25

HARRISBURG, Oct. 24.-The New York, Lack
awonna and Western Railroad Company, has absorbed
the Pennsyyana Company of the name and articles
OF merger were filed In the State Department yesterday
Among the directors OF the road Jay Gould. sam
ue sloan William l.. Dodge George Bliss, Sidney Dillon,
Russell sage and John f. Dillon, OF Hew-HOrk
MONTREAL Oct. 24.The general manager OF the Cana
dian Pacific Railway after returning from trip over the
road says that the through line will be finished by Oeto
Der 1885 Nine thousand men will be at work on the
Lake superior end OF the line all winter.
CHICAGO Oct pa new freight tariff was issued yester
day by the Iowa pool lines business from Chicago via
Council Bluffs to points In Idaho and Montana The new
tariff makes the reduction rendered necessary by the
competition OF the Northern Pacific
CHICAGO, oct. 24-Passenger rates from Des MONIES
east are drIn0razed conference for the removal OF
the trouble will DO held tomorrow.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
NEGLECTLNG THEIR INTERESTS.

A meeting was held last night in Germania
Assembly Rooms No 293 BoweIy TO discuss the contract
convict labor system. Charles L. Miller OF the Clothing
Critters Union called the meeting order and Chris
topher Il. Malone presided. Vincent W. Woy-
tisek spoke of the small attendance and
said that the wOrkingmen ready 10 work for
John Kelly and such politicians rather than
for their own interests He denounced contract convict
labor as punishment 10 honest labor. Victor Drury be-
eyed that prisoners should be made to work but not
in eompctitiOn with other workers p J. Mcguire said
that ne had visited prisons In fourteen States and he did
not think under the contract system that the prisoners
Hinton Robert Bllssert and Edward King, and resOlu'
tinns Announcing contract convict labor were passed
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
CLOSE OF THE SALE OF JERSEYS.

The second andla days sale of the combination
auction Of Jerseys held by p. @. Kellogg & Co. al
the railroad stables on Sxty-fourth-st took place
yesterday. Bidding was active and prices werg
slightly 10 advance of the previous day. Several
of the highest bidders objected to giving their
tanned Cor Satin Bird, $671; Queen of Ashantes,
$685. Weasel 81 ,660; Violet Pegis, $2,OoOi
rose Pogis, 1925; Aunty May, $3.50: Regina Royal.
ist second $500; Maud Pogis $500; and Nutley Sill
yerette $3.50. The sixty-seven animals sold foe
S24. 957 an average of 1872 40 each.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
THE NETWORK AND NEW ENGLAND.

Boston, Oct. 24.-lhe Traveller says: Al
though the Eew-Yorl and Now-England Railroad Com
panys report has has not yet been completed We are
able 10 give OF the figures regarding the past years
business. The gross earnings for the year were
80 $4,000; operating expenses, S2,4s5,OOO; eN-
traordnary expenditures about 100000; net in-
come, 100000. The fixed charges. including
taxes, were fully $l,0O0.O00, thereby leaving "a
deficit OF between 100000 aud 100000. II viii be
seen from this statement that the shortage is about what
the extraordinary expenditures amounted TO-"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
will be continued to-day.
RAILROAD INTERESTS.
NEW ROUTE TO THE YELLOWSTONE PARK
LEY TELEaRAPH To TnE TRIBUNR.l

ST.. PAUL, Oct. PA special dispatch to
me Pioneer Press from Bo1cman, Montana says: "The
Union Pacific engineers at the head waters OF the
Madison River this week surveying route FROM the Utah
and Northern Branch to the Geysers The report comes
pretty straight from them that an easy grade has been
found and hcre seems 10 he little Doubt that the public
will have choice ~ all rail routes u the National rk
next u is also said that the Union PIei1o Wll
send It's new line the Gllatn Ney, aud by the
Bridecr Pass into the Snake River Valley, through the
Mussel she'll country, across the Missouri and on TO the
Canadian plpiIc"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
NETWORK DAILY TRIRTNE. THURSDAY, OCTOBER %, 1883

" Hustled was nominated for Assembyman at the hepuD
liran Convention OF the Third District OF westminster
County, held at Croton Dam to-day.
C.RNEI, N. Y, Oct 2A-The Republicans OF Putna"
County to-day nominated Henry ID. Ciapp OF CARMEL ior
Assemblymen.
NKwBURG. N. Y, Oct. e4.-The Democrats OF the
Second District Of Orange County have renom
mated Jacob II. Dimmick for Assembly man.
SING SING, n. u. Oct 2A--Norton p. Otis, OF n0nkers
was to-day nominated for member Of Assembly by the
Republicans OF the First District OF Westminster county
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
TRICT-ATTORNEYS INSTRUCTED.
fRy TIL RGRAPH TO THE TRIBUNE.l

WASHINGTON, Oct Pain response TO re-
quest from the PostmaterGo the Acknowledgement
has instructed ali United States DIstrictAttorneys cor
daily to cooperate with the officers of the Post Ooe
Department In enforcing Section 1894 Of the Revised
st,ues which fOrbd that any letter circular concern
ing lotteries shall be carried in the mails"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
FNICRANTs ARRIVE IN LIBERIA.

WASHINGTON, Oct. 24.-Letters from Liberia
announce the arrival at Monroya, August Il, OF the
har, Moproyia with emigrants sent by the American
Colonization Society. They proceeded to Brewervne
where they are to settle. The Rev. Hugh NJ Browne ana
the Rev. T. McCano Stewart professorselect in Liberia
College landed Monrovia, August 5. and were wei
Soned In The Methodist Episcopal Church. The pro1es-
soTs visited the ST. Paus River and were preparing 10
take nh their residence at the farm OF NJ. DeCOurcoy
They and the enigTants said TO be well
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
CHESS CLUE TOURNAMENT.

The rooms of the Manhattan Chess Club, at
No l04 East FOurteenth-st, filled last evening with
players and spectators at the sixth annual tournament
The games played Mackenzie against Hannah with
odds of pawn in favor OF Hannah, game drawn; Ryan
against Carpenter with odds of knight In favor OF Car
penter, by each IsaacsOn against SlmOnsOn,
won by the former Pinkham against Demar, who
the odds OF pawn and the move and won j. W. Baird
against Spiegie game unfinished Monday night in
which Baird gave the odds of pawn and two moves,
snf1 Xynn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25

p Meeker with First Lieutenant G. r. Benson as Judge
Advocate. -, ,..;,oa e.o,o ,ha
Colorado and placed waiting oreiS Asssianl LII
neer William H. Alderdice from the Alliance alo plstcu
nn waiting orders; Assistant Engineer j. r. Wilmer has
been Granted leave OF absence for three months
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
YOUNG MEMS EPrBLIcAN cLUB

The Young Mems Republican Club met at
No. 81 West Twenty last evening with Vice
President John +. Baker In the chair. Among those
present Mortimer C. Addoms. william l.. Findley,
Henry Gleason and Douglass Campbell The follow
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25

said that his pocket had been picked while HI
was etanding on the platform Of tho uptown
station Of the Sixth-ave. Elevated Railway, FL
Park-pl., and that he had lost q valuable gold
vcAtph
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25

Coniiing says that he is ready TO enter paD onS
life as saon "a me eople call him He IL having an CAT
trumpet casi by KTupp, the manufacturer Oh ei'on "
lory @Texas Siftngs.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
AMOS cUMMlEGSs POCKET PICKED.

Amos Cummings called at Police Headquarters
last night and asked TO see Inspector Byrnes. He
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1883-10-25
-NOWINAIhD fOn lSSEMBLYMIN

lBY TELEGRAPH To TIE TBIBUNE.l
CRoToS Dam, Oct. 24.-Ex-Spcakcr James
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1883-05-24
To Make Fine Butter.

The process Of making butter. SAYS the
New York Times. i an important one. for
the best may be spoiled and poor butter ma.
be improved IN the working. When the
butter i rhurned il i, taken from the churn
aud placed on a smooth maple, birch OF
chestnut table or other butter worker. OF put
into bowl II the churn will admit Of il.
the buttermilk may be drawn of and clear,
cold water poured into II, and the butter
washed in that way in separate waters until
il runs Of quite clear, and the butter is quite
free from milk. This is indispensable II the
butter ! expected to keep well. II Is then
sa.ted at the rate Of one ounce TO the pound
q butter. The butter is pressed out with
the lad!e. and never 10 be worked by the
hands under any circumstances. and the salt
j, spread over il; il is then doubled and
pressed out again and cut and gashed with
tie ladle. but never rubbed or plastered.
but only squeezed and pressed, until the
salt is pretty evenly mixed it is then put
away in a cool place for "a hours or less, as
NAV be convenient. IL will then appear
s,reaky and patchy, and is worked over IN the
same way a. before until it becomes free from
this streakiness, and even in color, by the
by squeezing il with the ladle. a small piece
al time, and pressing il out into fiat sheet,
SO to get all the salt and moisture in ii
evenly through the mass. The color is
then alike all over. No more working is
then required. The first working requires
about 10 minutes for 20 or IS pounds the
second about Is minutes. Ii should then
break with q coarse, uneven fracture, much
! like that Of piece of beeswax, and should
appear when cut Of granular texture and
I quite tree from greaslness, and fine drops Of
I clear brine should follow the knife as it is cut
1t is not well TO try TO get all the moisture out
Of the butter, as this improves its texture
/ and flavor. If the cream has been well
| kept and the butter well made and churned,
THE should have a very sweet and fragrant
scent, quite free from acidity or pungency.
/ 1t is peculiar scent, and belongs only TO
! the best butter, and when this odor is alb
sent, the right flavor is wanting. because the
T scent and the flavor as well, are all attrIb-
utes Of pure fresh butter. The butter should
1 BE- packed a. soon as it is worked the last
time no butter needs third working; the
package should be quite free from all disa-
I greeable scent or lmpurity; white oak, spruce
( Or white ash are the best materials for the
1 tubs or pals. White OAK has an agreeable
scent when fresh. and stands first for butter
/ packages. Thepackage should first be scald-
1 ell. then riHsed in cold water, then rubbed
with a little salt. then rinsed with little
! water, just enough 70 wash off the salt, but
( not to freshen the wood, and the butter is
| packed in the damp pail at once being pressed
| down solid SO that no air-holes are left. The
pai is filled completely full, and may be COW
cred with piece Of muslin dipped in brine
or with parafne paper, and closed up at once
tightly and put away in cool place or sold,
which is the best plan.
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1883-05-24
PATENTS.
r.. H. EDDY.

X. HI. EDDY
70 10 state st.. opposite x tIby Ro.,o.
Secures Patents IN the UAIled States; H. IN
Great Britain, France and othe foreign conntrias
Copies Of The claims Of any Patent furnished ~
remit ing one dollar. Assignments recorded a.
ashingtoh No Agency in the Uuitcd stats
iosse-s- superior facilities Tor obtaining Patents
or aseertaining the patentabiiity ofinventlons
r. II EDDY. solicitor Of Patents
- TESTIMONIALS.
II regard Mr. Eddy as one oil the most ca,ah,s
ana successful practitioners with whom have
lad Official intercourse navy
IhAs. MASON, mmIssioner OF Patents
lnsehtoIa Cannon emuiDy person more trust
"o,thy or more capable OF securing tor them an
ea.iy and favorable Consideration al the Patent
'"ee EDMUND BURKE
late commissioner of Patents
u r, u, BOSTON, October 10 1910
n EDDY ESQ. Dear Sir: you procure, "a,
he, 70 let"' my arst patent. Since then Won havt
artsu ipr and advised me In hundreds or case.
~ my procured many patents. reissues and exten
IONS. nave occasionally employed he best
80 , N New York Philadelphia ndwa, hing.
s -. out stiil give you almost the vhoe Of M,
." mess In your line, and advised ners to EN-
Ply you. our- truly, GEORGE DRAPER
h-~i"' an l. I-s3 lyrl
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1883-05-24
Notice Of Sale.

ne Ais~orsh fOaaary 4 - &c Nine e
"a one Tor sale all Of their pr~pess,, real
~ "sai situated in the City of Ellsworth.
Ne, consisting Of lAsd. Aaiids.ss. ..chs-
s"n's and stack They will also entertain
roP"sss ior lease of the same; or tor the lis
"a. q .uch an additional amount Of the uDissned
business. :" e"i@fke the
n ca iurthe rlcuiars inquire Of or address VIM
" s'c'ohaid'or lafayette Davis at Ellsworth. Ne
Nu.-.s - wM o. AcDONALU. Treas.
- ieos. l<ef
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1883-05-24

those pretenders who propose to cure mocn
blindness in horses by knocking out the So
called wolf teeth. that they cannot be played
upon in that absurd manner. Ii is easily
seen that these teeth have nothing TO do
with such blindness. That is disease of
the eye, of a constitutional nature, and it is
barbarous to pretend to associate the break
ing out of the animals teeth with the cure
of the diseased eye.-National Agrieultar-
81
Ellsworth American. [volume] (Ellsworth, Me.) 1855-current, 1883-05-24
&aym aaS Goass!jo!S
Science for Hoasekeepers.


Mrs. X. II Richards. M"men'> laoora- |
tory Massachusetts Institute oi technology
Is writing >ef.'> q articles on 'hiN theme
10 ne Afr taa1Ff f'.mer. Ne make !
lev extracts iEem one oi Them, which treats !
OF ihe qlA.tE aal quantity OF TODD.
What are The requirements 81 ANNA. life
certain degree Of heat Is necessary for 1
chemical ac,iou. Lite involves chemical ac- /
tom therefore tAege mlNt he heat % order |
that there MAN Ice life. In most climates
the heat is SO loW that animal .Itr would be
in yer, precari7u> condition If i depend
ed upor ,he warmth IF ih+ air; hence each
air-br,a'h,a- ah.ma. Has \, onn furnace, as
Il might te Ca.4rI ;o provide Tie u,ceiu! de-
gree Of heat. Iar fue. for ,h.> furnace j.
ike the f4e. for our hog>e-heaiing furnace,
Misunderstanding Substances. .'areh instead
Of wood. sugar and "a; instead Il coal a,
large suppl! of oxygen j. needed IN order
TO burn thu, fuel inside of the body. would
be required 10 burn Il outside Hence.
nlrnfy Of good air !, The fill, rrgyi>,,e FOR
...-...-. !,
that p'f>'" "A' "''' ""' "' 4"'I>' ana
especially one who sleeps oIi "i doors. ~
on a canning tr.p. can cat ANYTHING. But
3d.. ......,- .., r,.. .,-o,. All
"'''H y "o'A> ..''' - 'Nl'"-' 'i''
NV the muscles arg a.; torme. -Ae starch.
sugar and fat. q carbon. hydrogen and aN,-
non opt, r.- ,..,r.....t. added D., firm, ..,b.
s'''''' '''.-' - "''' ~ ~
ieElm.he p prt- amy Deans 'he A''-inen %
egg. aud 'te .-..a a caer>r. II would b,
reasonable, --.-,. ...a.... tina, The ..e or
r. ~ "I'.'F IT, it. All ~. "A>'r n eyer -''t-
We >l4 t.-- Trails t.. dietary vf every rtH-
p,, iur.t.t.,- s. or, ..s ,...r,. If ,.,,,. sub
-.-.. d.. e.. ....... ....-...t.
WIG" cav '-'' gay" -'-''- n some
form
II would seem tI De- evident ID once that
uita tt.., ftft, .g.,,r., III glua rb.. house
,,.c. ,,..I4 ...,. ...- ....., mr.. "a, asa,
more >--" o. "'"''' ------' y -''' "'@' %
summer 'aa' ne would a-.'" Y ihe grow
iug taaI and " the harl-wprhin- man.
more nt.4, ~ t.->. than 10 thu ,tudiou,
nsr.,, o,to.,b. c..a, oli re-.on vbo rare
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-07-24

and duties to the public and without
incurriug most serious legal liabilities,
entail upon the people the evils Of a
long strike No public corporation
has any legal or moral right to paralyze
the business oil the country in che at
tempt to succeed in dispute with its
employees about wages. The Western
Union, as the Herald has heretofore
shown, is responsible to tho public for
an efficient and uninterrupted tele-
graph service This is an obligation
which the law imposes upon it, and
one which it cannot escape or evade
Strike or no strike, it is bound te keep
up its service Its obligations to the
public are paramount to other eonsid.
erations, and the public will hold it
responsible for 9Ay failure or general
neglect Of its duties.
The order issued yesterday by GEN.
eral Eckert, Acting President Of the
Western Union, that messages are to
be taken subject to delay and to mail
ing en- route it necessary" presuppOses
on the part Of the community a good
deal of ignorance as to the legal La
bility Of the company for delay in
sending dispatches. 1t is an element
airy principle OF law, recognized and
affirmed a thousand times by the
courts, that a telegraph corporation is
bound to transmit with due diligence
all messages delivered to it, aud
is liable fer tAs damages caue.s ID
by unreasonable delay duc "a
its own negligence. 1t hes been ex
pressly and unanimor sIy held by the
Supreme Court in. CHS City,as we have
already pOiDtlN eat, that strike
heTsVSG s2esral, is no defence in law
feR the failure of a railroad corpora
| ton to perform its duties to the pub
lie, and the law is precisely the same
in the case of a telegraph com
pauy. The company ia held legally
responsible for the continuance OF
strike Of Sta employees, and any
serious delay or interruption OF it
business caused by the strike is nelC
in law to be due to its own negli
gence.
The Western Union canu0t ex
empt itself from legal liability by tn,
device adopted yesterday. It has NJ
right to impose such a condition
. Neither the notice nor the condition
is binding. The company is legal,
bound to carry on its business withou
] serious interruption, to receive al
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-07-24
rhe Trouble in Desha County.

ME. w Werner, the Trustee OF Crit
tenden county, and Miss Malvina Wer-
ner, of this city, lett last evening on
the steamer Kate Adams for Arkan
saw City, to attend their brother,
Alfred Werner, wounded in the late
unfortunate difficulty in Desha coun.
ty. There were probably some slight
inaccuracies in yesterdays report, de"
rived from the first statements that
cane to hand. The name Of
the white man who died from
the effects of the beating was Moss.
Ii seems that he was put to blowing,
a kind of work he was not used to.
He made round or two, and then
said he could not or would not 60 any
further. The negro TRUSTEES told him
they would see about that, AID or
dered him to 20 on. He made anoth-
er round, and then from exhaustion,
or some ether reason, failed and re-
fused to proceed. The three negro
guards then beat him terribly with a
four pound leather strap fastened to
a stick. Werner came up while the
beating was going on, and was appealed
70 BY the prisoner to spare his life.
Werner stopped the beating and sent
him to the house and sent for doc
tor, but it was too late-the man
never rallied, He had been literally
failed to death, and his crime was
that he owed board bill of 81 so and
was unable or unwilling to pillow it out
in a boiling hot sun. How far Mr..
Werner was responsible for such
policy or its tragic results we
do not know, but it is clear that mob
was raised to take vengeance. He
was shot on the river bank with full
load of buckshot by negro, and was
afterward dragged on the boat. The
statement that the boat was fired upon
| is contradicted, though shots were
| fred on shore, and the mate, in com
mand of the boat at the time,
would not land at Burnett's Landing
or any place in that vicinity on the
Arkansaw side. Mr.. Werner seems
to be a severe disciplinarian, and
having hard crowd to deal with, in
Cured the enmity oil both white and
black. He is young man of about
twenty. eight years, was born in Pc
land, and received splendid eduoa'
lion in the city of Breslau, where Z
younger brother, prominent lawyer
still lives. He came to this countr!
several years ago, and has been Twins
in Arkansaw nearly ever since. ID,
has always been rather delicate, anC
is very easy and gentlemqDly in ap
pearance. He looks more like cit.
man, a student or teacher than
rough and tumble overseer. Bushes
has sometimes brought him to Mem
phis, and he always made iavorabl
impression upon his acquaintance, |
seems, however, that he has
, quick temper, and is man 0
uncommon nerve, and has been il
several serious difficulties before
: But whatever his fault or defense
when the real facts are known, tn
: system under which a stranger,
: mechanic, shose misdemeanor wa
2 that he owed small board bill ap
. was leaving without paying it, coVl
be dragged into a field like a felo
and beaten TO death for not plowiuG
is vicious, barbarous, aud disgraC
j to the State of Arkansaw. Let th
E press Of the State speak out on tn
subject.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1883-07-24
PERSONAL.

Golden hair fluid at Mrs. McAnally's.
Mr.. JEFF Hicks leaves for st. Louis
on the Belle Memphis this evening.
Received another choice selection
Of Japanese poles. For fishing tackle,
etc., go to r. Kupferschmidt, 200 Main,
The best assortment of fine fishing
tackle at Frank Schunan's gun store,
No. Az Main street. HI
Iuka Springs, delightful health re-
sort, best accommodations. -Four
hours from Memphis. Address
l28 T. 2. AypLErT, Iuka Miss.
Mr. I. Cohen, the popular salesman
at I. Goldsmith s Bros. leaves 70 day
on the Cons Millar, for a summer
recreation to Cincinnati, Chicago and
the lakes.