The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1883-09-22

The Eaern Made TO Penetrate the Frozen
Regions Of the North, All OF Which Have
Failed and Many Ended In Disaster.
National Rennhlican.I


quent feeling OF dependency as 10 the
safety OF the parties engaged In the Gree
~ expedition 10 the Arctic regions may
Justify a r{sugaf OF the famous expeditions
in tina; direction.
In 1897 John and Sebastian Cabot pro-
iected 4 voyage to the North Pole. They
went rs far as so 30' north. The next ex-
p,orers were the Cortereal brothers, who
made three voyages, extending 10 600
north. and resulting in failure OF the OBJ
iects Of their voyages and loss OF life oil
number Of their party. In 1858 Sir Hugh
Willoughby was sent out TO find
northwest passage to India. He went rs
far as the mouth OF the Arzina,
in Lapland, where he and his whole crew
perished. In 1876, extending TO 1873,
Martin Froleisher made three trips toward
the North Pole. lie reported the discoy-
ery OF the entrance TO Hudson and Fro
Ieisher straits, which lead into Hudson's
bav. In 1885 Davis made voyage north,
and discovered the strait which bears bis
name. William Barentz made three vow
ages toward the North Pole in 1594-'96,
but made no new discovery.
In 1901 Henry Hudson, under the aus
pices OF the Muscovy Company, set out ON
an expedition with orders TO steer directly
toward the North Pole. He advanced be-
yond latitude 500, between Greenland and
Spitzbergen. and returned. reporting that
passage In that direction was impractical
bic. He repeated his explorations next
year with the same practicable results, ana
on his passage back discovered the Bay OF
New York and the great river which flows
into il. and which now bears his name.
Hudson tried fourth expedition, but
without success. In 1916 Baffin explored
the bay bearing his name.
Behring's expedition in 174I was another
failure, his vessels being wrecked. In
1920 the Prussian expedition Of Won
Wrangell and Angon started. They pene-
frated to latitude 200 81 north, longitude
1879 % west, and in their report SAID
there was an open sea north. Other eXpe-
ditions were sent, but the next one OF im-
portance was in 1913, under command OF
Captain Ross and Lieutenant Parry. TO dis
cover The northwest passage; the other un-
der Captain Buch1n and Lieutenant (Sir
john Franklin TO penetrate TO the North
Pole. They returned, after a three years
cruise, without accomplishing their object.
In May. 1924, Parry's expedition sailed.
The only object gained by this disastrous
expedition was q continuance whereby the
compass was made to work perfectly under
all circumstances and in ali places, no mat
ter how near the magnetic pole, thus obvi-
ating q most serious difficulty in Arctic
navigation. Next comes F'ranklin'S expo
d.tion. They arrived at Fort Chipewyan
in July, 1925. The ice on which they ira
yelled moved 10 the south in q body about
As fast as they could move northward, and
on reaching $50 ~ they gave up their at
tempt to reach the pole. They returned
from this most discouraging and laboriOuS
expedition August II, 1927.
In April, 1881, Captain Rosc on a sledg
Ing expedition FOR the first time reached
ard fixed the position of the true magnetic
pole. TIE spot was i'm latitude 79o - II"
and longitude So 46< 45//. Scurvy ap-
pearing among the crew it was deemed
best 10 abandon the ship. and with the
loats on sledees to make for the place OF
the Jury former wreck. After most in
credible hardships they reached this spot
July |. 1882, having lett their ship April
23d. After passing over several disastrous
expeditions OF minor importance we come
to the last voyage of Sir John Franklin. The
achievement OF n northwest passage was
his life-dream. The Erebus and the Ter
ror. long tried in Arctic navigation, were
the vessels chosen for the voyage. Sir John |
Franklin commanded the Erebus and Cap |
tain Richard Crozier the Terror. They |
sailed MAY 10, 1915. On July 2G. 1915, |
they were seen by a whale-ship in latitude !
TAO 4S> and longitude Geo 13/, about the
centre OF I,aflin's bay, moOred to an ice
berg and awaiting an opening into Lancas-
ter sound. This is the last time they were
ever seen.
Toward the close of 1si7, nothing hav-
Ing been heard Of the expedition, alarm
was felt for their safety. and early the FOL-
lowing year (1SlS) three different eXpedi-
tons for succor were dispatched by the
British Government. but met with no sue
cess. The following summer QS50) the
two vessels recXplored the same ground,
but again without meeting with any traces
q Franklin. The Ployer was lett to
winter in Glantly hGrbor. and the Herald
returned home. Meantime, part CT the
laDd-party, under Sir John Richardson,
reached the Polar sea August 4, 1913, max
ing deposits Of pemmlcan by the way along
Mackenzie liver. The next summer QS49
DR.. Rae explored the shores Of Wolaston
sound. and in 1859 he repeated his eXplo-
raiions, but with no success. In 1913
the third expedition, under command OF
Sir James Ross, sailed from England, but
fallen upon any traces OF Franklin. In
March, 1919. the BRUSH Government gave
notice that $40, 600 would be awarded to
any private exploring-party OF any coun-
try which should render efficient aid to
the missing explorers. In 1850 three new
expeditions were sent out by the British
Government with instructions mainly
Identical with those OF 1S4S. In 1850 no
fewer than eight expeditions were sent
out.
The Lady Franklin, also fitted out by
Lady Franklin and commanded By Cap
tain Penny, sailed also in 1856. There
were now no less than eleven vessels in
the eastern Arctic waters.
Captain Ommaney, of the Assistance,
came upon the first traces OF the missing
mariners at Cape Riley, August %, 1850.
The graves OF three men belonging 10 the
Erebus and Terror were found, which
bore date OF the winter OF 1886. Singu-
larry not all this searching brought to light
any document which could give the slight
est trace OF the future intentions OF the
party. The conclusion drawn from the
failure OF oil the expeditions was that
Franklin had never reached so lar south as
the American mainland or the peninsulas
connected with II. Sir Edward Belcher
was sent out In April, 1852, in command OF
i've yessels-the Assistance, Resolute,
North Star, Pioneer, and Intrepid. The
expedition OF Bcicher found no traces OF
Franklin, but succeeded In rescuing Me-
Clure. OF the investigators who had sailed
In 1S49 In search of Franklin. There were
also saved his ships company, WHO had been
buried in the Arctic Ice since the summer
OF 1850. three years. These returned home
with Belcher, abandoning their ship, and
are thus the first and only ships company
who ever entered Behring's strait and re-
turned TO Europe by Bafiln's bay. This
established 3. last the great fact that
There ssa continuous passage by water
from BaCjn's bay TO BEHRING'S strait paral-
lei with tim enact Of ,hn A,,osf....