The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1883-11-08
An Important Decision.

The decision rendered by the Supreme
Court of the United States that the Civil
Rights act is unconstitutional is one of
the most important that has been deliv-
cred in many years. The decision was
rendered in number of cases from diff
ferent parts of the country which were
year ago submitted to the Court on
written arguments. These cases were
practically test cases of the law of 1875,
and the decision, which lacks but one
vote of being unanimous. is correspond
ingly important. The law in question
provided that all persons withiE the s
jurisdiction of the United States shall
be entitled to the full and equal enjoy
ment of the accommodations, advan-
tages, facilities and privileges of inns,
public conveyances on land and water,
theaters and other places of public
amusement, subject only to the condi-
tions and limitations established by law,
and applicable alike to citizens of every
race and color, regardless of any pre-
vious condition of servitude." Penal
ties were provided for the violation OF
the act and provisions made for their
enforcement in the Federal Courts. In
fact egcEusiue jurisdiction was provided
for the Federal District and Circuit
Courts in cases arising under the law.
The rights and privileges claimed by and
denied to the colered persons in these
cases by which this decision was occa-
stoned were full and equal accommoda-
tions in hotels, in ladies' cars on railway
trains and in the dress circles in theaters.
The decision of the Court holds "that
Congress had no constitutional authori-
ty to pass the sections in question
under either the Thirteenth or Four
teenth Amendment of the Constitu-
tion." The Fourteenth Amendment
is prohibitory upon the States only, and
that the legislation authorized to be
adopted by Congress for enforcing the
Amendment is not direct legislation on
the matters respecting which the States
are prohibited from making or enforc-
ing certain laws or doing certain acts,
but is corrective legislation necessary
or proper for counteracting and re-
dressing the effects of such laws OF
acts; that in forbidding the States, for
example, to deprive any person of life,
| liberty or property without due process
of law, and giving Congress power to
enforce the prohibition, it was not in
tended to give Congress power to pro
vide due process of law for the protec
ton of life, liberty and property (Which
would embrace almost all subjects o
legislation), but to provide modes of re
dress for counteracting the operation
and effect of State laws obnoxious t.
the prohibit:
Congress, then, when it passed tn
Civil Rights bill in 1875, assumed tina
it had the power to secure for coloret
persons by direct legislation ''full AM
equal enjoyment of the accommodation
and privileges" accorded t.
others on railroad trains, on steamboats,
in theaters, or, in fact, wherever the,
happened to be. The Amendment,
now appears, could not be so construe'
except so far as it might be necessar
to counteract the prohibited Legislation
of the State. In these test cases befor
the Court it did not appear that an
State had made the discrminat; on com
planned of by prohibited legislation, an
consequently the unconstitutionality G
the Civil Rights act was apparent.
There is no doubt that prejudic
exists in many quarters against the col
ored people, and that they are deprive
of some of the advantages enjoyed b
their white 1rethren; and, furthermore
there is no doubt that they have righ
to full enjoyment of the same priv
leges, but it is question of grave douh
if the question of social privileges ca
be settled satisfactorily by legislation
The Supreme Court says the Fedora
Government has no business to tam
per with the question, and the onl,
thing left is recourse to the sound Dem
ocratic doctrine of States Rights. /
legislation can pleasantly affect the ques
ton then it should be State legislation
This decision then is additionally impor
tant in its bearing on the question @
States Rights. Haven Register.