davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03
DRAGGING PAINS

DR.. h. V. PIrsoE, Buffalo N. Y: Dear Sir
Ny wife had suffered with female weaknesses
for nearly three years. AT times she could hardly
move, she had such dragging pans. We often saw
your 'Favorte Prescription" advertised, but sup
posed like most patent medicines it did not
amount to anything but at last concluded to try
bottle, which she did. Itmsde her sick at first,
but il began te show its Affect in a marked i'm
proyement and two Kettles cured her. Yours, ETC.,
A. J. nUYCK, Deposit, N. Y.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03
A NOTED BUT UNTITIED WOMAN,

The above is good likeness Of Mrs. Lydia r. Pink
ham, Of Lynn Nasa, who above all other human boings
may DO truthfuly called the Dear Friend OF Woman"
as some of her correspondents lovo to call her. Bhs
is seaousy devoted to Der work which Is the outcome
Of a nfostudy, and is obliged 20 keep ak lady
asants 10 help her answer the large correspondence
which daily pours In upon her each booring It's special
burden OF suffering, or joy at release from It Hor
Vegetable Compound Is a medicine for good and not
evil purposes have personally investigated II and
am satisfed Of the truth OF this
On account Of its proven merits II Is recommended
and prescribed by the best physicians in tic country
One saysi " 1t works Ike charm and saves much
palm. u VIII entirely tho worst form OF falling
OF the uterus, Leuoorrhoa, irregular and painful
MenstruAtion oil Ovarian Troubles, Inflammation md
liberation Floodings. all Diaplaoements and the
sequont spinal weakness ard 10 especially adapted 10
tho Change OF LIFE"
permeAtes every portion Of the syster and gives
new life and vigor. IL removes fslntncss fatucncy,
destroys all craving for stimusnts and relieves weak
ness Of the stomach. II Bloating, Headaches,
Nervous Prostitution, General Debility sleepIcssness
Depression and Indigestion. That feeling OF bearing
down, causing pain, weight and baekaoEe, Is always
permanently cured by It's u will az oil times, and
under all clrcomdances act In harmony with the law
that governs the female system.
Il costs only e. per bottle six for s. and ia sold by
druggists Any advice required rs TO special cases. and
the names OF many who have been re- torc 70 perect
health by tho use OF the Vegetable COMPOUND ~
obtained By addressing Mn. p with stamp Tor reply.
at her home in Lynn, hasa-
For kidney Complaint Of either sex this oompoandh
unsurpassed as abundant testimonials show.
"Mrs. Pnkhams Liver Pills. says writer, "ARi
The bsst IN tae ssorid for the cure of Constipation
Biliouneas and Torpidi,y OF the liver. Her Blood
Purifier works wonders N it's special line and bids fair
10 equal the Compound In is popularity.
bara ipfM
ambition Is 20 dol good " others-
philadalphfa Mrs. A. M u,
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03
STARTLING WEAKNESS.

General and Nervous Debility, Impaired Memory
Lack Of Self-eonfdence Premature Loss Of Manly
Vigor and Powers, are cemm.n results of excess
i've indulgence of youthful indiscretioss and per-
mic Gus solitary practices. Victims whose manhood
has thus been wrecked by self-abuse Should ad.
dress, with three letter stanpsfor large iustr ted
treatise giving means Of perfect cure WoRLps
DIS ENsARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo
New York.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

"Lydh f. Pinkham, whose benevolent face is
Swallowed in almost every paper we pick up,
appears 20 have discovered what Addison calls
THE grand elixir, to support the spirits Of human
nature" 1t is quite evident that she has the
patent and has secured the contract for making
over and improving the invalid corps Of Ameri-
can w0msnhood.- Giobs.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

DR. Pierce's Pellets or suEar-ooated granules
The original little liver pills, beware Of imits-
tions) cure sick and bilious headache cleanse
the stomach and bowels and purify the blood.
To get genuine, see DIR. pierce's signature and
by druggists.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03
Imnortant.

When ysu visit or leave Nav York ely. save
baggage expresssRe spd carriage hire, and stop
at the GRAND UNION HOTEL, opposite Grand
Central depot: $50 elegant rooms. fitted up at a
cost Of one million dollars, reduced to 81 and up
ward per day. EaroPson, plan Elevator. Res
tSurapt supplied With the best. Horse cars
stages and elevated railroad TO all depots. Fam
lilies can live better for less money at the Grand
Union Hotel than at any other frt-olass hotel il
the city
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

lady writes: Painful menstrustion was the
bsne of nay life. l dreaded those feelings Of
barring down and that pain in the side and loinf
OF lats got in the hasit Of .sisS Dr.. Guysott's
yellow Dock and Savaparills. II goes right to
the spot gives me strength and frees me from all
pain. thisk it is worth its weight ia gold"
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

For Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Depression OF spir-
its and General Debility, IN their various forms
also as a preventive against Fever and Ague, and
other Intermittent Fevers, "Ferro-Phosphorated
Elixir Of Calisa;s," made 10y Casweil, tiazart \
Co. New York, and sold by all druggists. is the
best tonic and for patients recovering from fever
or other sickness, il has no equal
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

The erection of statute to tine late
Peter Cooper, in front of the Cooper
Union, is being discussed by the New
York Board of Aldermen.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Send to James Morgan, Milwaukee,
the leading dealer in Dry Goods, Mil
li7ery and Shoes, for Catalogue of Nc
Kalps Bazaar Patterns.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Hon. Donald Mclean aud the daugh-
ter OF Gov. Richie of that State, were
married at Frederick, Md.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Rufus Hatch, of New York, brings
back from Europe the news that En-
gland is bankrupt in soil, politics and
religion"
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

1.-THE same measure will not salt all cir
cumstances.D But Kidney-Wort suits all cases
of liver, bowels and kidaey diseases and their
oonsomitsnts, piles, constipation, diabetes, ague
etc. Try it, and you will say 30 too.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

- DR. Benson's Celery and Chsmomie Pills, are
worth their weight in gold in nervous and sick
headache. DIR. II. II. schliohter of Baltimore.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

General Mcclellan has reached Rich
mond at last. Though go near and yet
SO far twenty-one years ago, he did not
enter the old town until last week,
when he accompanied a party Of
friends.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

New BERN, n C.-Rev. g. w. 0flsy says;
81 have taken Brswn'' Iron Btters and consider
il one of the best medicines knosn."
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03
Kidney Disease

Ex-Speaker Kelfer disclaims any as
for the Ohio Governorship.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

THOUSANDS OF persons VINO are bald to-day
might have full heads OF hair il they would only
use CARBeLlsE, deodarsed extract OF petrolc-
um, which .he only preparation ever discovered
that will reaIlY 90 this
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Remarkable for overcoming diseases caused by
i@pure water, decaying vegetation, etc, is
Browns Iron Bitters.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

49," Your Skis Cure is ,nperezcelieni 10 fat
curing ay dqugAtecs ring norm, ,shieh had spread
all ouer her body" Mrs. K l.. b. Merriam, Blue
Hill, Mass. Druggists keep it, 81 per package.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Elk Senator Copkling has agreed to
deliver the memorial Grafton in New
York on Decoration Day.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Miss Frances E. Willard is lccturing
in San Francisco, and she proposes to
carry the temperance banner all along
the Pacific coast.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Senator Camden, of West Virginia,
has arrived in Washington from Hol
Springs, Arksnssg. He says there are
7 600 visitors at the springs.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Signor Salvini intends to sail for
Europe by the steamer Labrador next
week.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Theodore Tilton Is growing old and
gray and corpulent.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

John G. Whittier writes in an en-
couraglng vein to the Ohio State For
estry Association, and adds that he is
panied and indignant at the wanton
destruction OF the New England forests.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Senator Anthony, OF Rhode Island, is
seriously i'll at bis home in Providence.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

uy~ In the Diamond Dyes mare colorng is
given fer 10 cts. than in any Is or 25-cent dyes,
and taey give faster and more brilliant colors.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

The Summer resorts are putting their
houses in order.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03
-
Decline Of u AN

Nine. Modjeska is suffering from
1yergork ana the uncertain weather. O.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Secretary Folge- is not yet in good
health.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Mr.. Mooaey, the president of the
Land League, left Buffalo for Philadel-
phia, Saturday.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Nervous WEAKNESS Dyspspsts- Impotence, ger IA
ssbllitr cured By Wells Health Benewsr' VI
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Frederick Douglass having been
classed among the millionaires, says
that he is worth less thss 100000.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Madame Patti sailed in the Arizona
from New York for Liverpool.
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Pafa Irritation Rs4sndop. Isoontinenoe, Depos..
Gravel &c cure. ~ "Eu6hupaisa," VI
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

Files roaenss snts. bed suws- rats, mice. gopher
ebipmunks cleared out by "Eoug b on kAiA" lbc-
Mineral Point tribune. (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1869-1938, 1883-05-03

"Brown's bronchial Troches" are excellent
for the relief Horrseness and Sore Throat
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16

ss.i, ~ q c .,Sss sssss ss Y..,.s CITY
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16
where he has been attending to some legal

where he has been attending to some legal
business.
Captain Thomas J. West, Of Jacksboro,
and the Jupiter Tonans Of the democl acy
in all that region round about. is in the
city.
We regret to learn that Master Willie
Elliott, son Of Major John +. Elliott, editor
Of the HERALD, now in Austin, is danger
ously Ill with pneumonia.
Captain ]. G. Bigger, United States dis.
trict attorney for this district, has returned
home from Graham, where he has been In
attendance at III. Federal court.
Mrs. Jerome Harris and Mrs. William
shopping tour, n are stopping with Mr..
and Mrs. II. 2. Lsntz, Mrs. Harris parents.
Henry L. Bow n, sor NJ Mr.. Henry G.
Bowen, editor OF the n ,H,t lAdrp. Y'"il
and member o, he iirm Of John Il, Hem
ry & Co... whol 'sle druggists, is at the
Grandchildren
Mr.. G. O. River the auditor Of the Fort
Worth & Denver ~ railroad, and at one
time connected 18th the management Of
this paper, paid the HERALD Office very
pleasant call vest day afternoon. Mr..
Rivers returned to lie Fort last evening.
St. GEORGE nOtei arrivals MAX Beneulkt
Terrell; ID ID Sc earingem, Gainesville
E Dougherty, 81. outs; II II Byrd, Haw.
kins; II b Weay {, New Orleans; W W
Goshau ST. LOU VT Meddcn, Missis
sippi Jn6'R No, Little Rock; George W
Rice, GAINESVILLE, ennessee CM Hutchi.
son. Queen City; " II Kirkland, jefferson
G IL Dunklin, atlanta; A S Simpson
! Richardson; y s Donald, Lewis
vile; Il Eas man, Jacksboro J
smith, J II Daniels, Grandview
+ d Harris, W1athertord; S G Maddox
Weatherford; Bart Jennings, MARSHALL "
J Hamilton, Argyle; W Hamilton, Gin
cinnati, Ohio; G A Sergeant, Mansfield; "
Il Beckham and wife, Graham; Thoma
Spruance, Arlington K. w Collins w
Bledsoe, Arlington; Il. j. Lee, St. Louis
J walker, Cleburnc; William Miller
Wills Point; w I Coke, Emory
John NJ Lewis, Forney; b l. Hall
Marshall, George Marion, Longview
Ice Mon,castle, Allen; J d Ford, Decatur
w W Haymsn, Willow Grove, West Vii
ginia; 4 NJ Phillips. Terrell; w II Hendei
son, VanAlstyne Frank W Best, Denisor
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16
A. & ID. INFLUENTIAL,
COS & 61O Elm Street.

lotte Thompson troupe, is at the Grand
Windsor.
Colonel Howe Y. Peyton, of Lancaster, Is
in the city.
Mrs. DR., Beaumont is seriously i'll with
pneumonia.
Mr.. G. w. Erwin, Of Lewisvill., Denton
county, is in the city.
J. s. Daugherty, Of Grandview, johnson
county, is in the city
Mr.. John NJ. Simpson, Of Weatherford, is
at the Grand Windsor.
Mr.. Willis II. kirkland, Jefferson, is a
guest at the st. George.
Mr.. Bart Jennings, of Jennings Bros,
Marshall, Is in the city.
Mr.. III. II. Hanna, OF Indianapolis, In.
diana, is guest at the Grand-Windsor.
Col. W. Il. Hughes, of st. Louis, after q
brief visit to Austin, is again In the city.
Mr.. w. n. Griffith and wife, of Waxa.
| hachie and formerly of Dallas, are In the
| city.
/ Mr.. @. NJ. Huchison, of Queen City, Cass
county, is in the city, stopping at the st.
George.
Mr.. Henry +. Brown, Of the New York
Times, is doing Texas and is in the city al
present.
William Flanelly, who is general passen.
ger agent OF the Erie railroad of New YORK,
is in the city.
I j. M. Uncommon, Of Marlin, Texas, was
in the city yesterday, and paid the HERALD
q pleasant call.
Deputy Internal Revenue Collector
Cochran left tor Waco on official business
He will return Saturday.
Seniors ]. NJ. Roma and c.. Bros, and r.
Humane, an officer of the Mexican army
are at the Grand Windsor.
Hon. John D. Templeton, attorney.gen
eral OF the state, is in the city, and beinf
greeted by his numerous friends,
Hon. A. ?. Mccormick, judge Of the Fed
eraf court, has returned home from era
ham, court having adjourned there.
Mr.. ]. D, Thornton, genial and pleas
ant commercial traveller OF St. Louis, Is II
the city, and has rooms at the Windsor.
Captain l.. +. Smith, of Crawford I
Smith, has returned home from Graham
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16

NEW YORK, Feb. l5.-An assignment for
the benefit OF creditors by Matthew Arm
strong and William Armstrong, of the firm.
OF Armstrong & Co., dealers in leather and
findings, to Matthew A. VanWinkle, was
hied to-day, Liabilities Sl5l ,3S2; nominal
assets, Si20, 3ji; actual assets, Sl33 sos
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16
'RnNAARDI, YHE CLOIH|ER.
roSrpoXEMENr OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF
Presents at Reinhardt'S Clothing House Until
SATURDAY., n1AHsC1r 10. 1eaa.

we intended to present the Grand Piano Silver Tea Ser
but owing to the nclemency
erred ther purchases in Mems and Boys Clothing and
ing peen requested by patrons to delay the DRAWING
until after the lst of March, and in order to give ali &
at these fine presents have concluded to
tne Drawing until SATURDAY. MARCH TO- 1855 On that
days IN the distribution of these costly articles we trust Will
O oe by the public, want it distinctly
understood by all that there will be further
on any and goods the meantime viii be closed
Those who study their interests will be sure to call on
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16

W L King, Waxahachie; w II Hartman
Galveston; II G Mott, Shreveport, Loulsi-
ana; u ID Ferrell, Montgomery, Alabama;
g : Robinson. St. Louis; X Bumpass, j.,
Houston.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16
PERSONAL.

Mr., A. Rhoads, of Colorado City, is in
the city.
Philip Godfrey, esq, of New York, is in
the city.
]. S. Hutton, advance agent Of the Char.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16
elegant Spring and SUMMER STOCK

IhNour Resident New
dodge HONEST OPPORTUNITY held out
to the public OF Dallas and vicinity &Reenbe the THIRTY
PRE- MARCH 1889 -
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16
SURE CURE FOR BLACK LEG.

BcirERcuf, TEIlS tr~nst IS lsS3.
Messrs Morley Hr0s:
6EsTEENES: II hsge sold WONDERFUL
Ei5HT' 10 ssTe-ai - ny Customers who used
i, tor the eare o. Black LEG By giving
ole or two doses Internally and applying il ex-
sernally. lt.workes ike charm Yours. Etc.
1B. HUTCHIs0N.
For Sale nv CSOWDUS. RAUDv
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16

In public give
OPPORTUNITY offered
Gentleman Child will furnished attending
purchasers
stock hand for have taken the MAMMOTH ESTABLISH
of Goods hand,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16

BUrrERcuR TEXAS Sept. 4 lSsE
THIS Is 70 certify that we have uSed vour
WONDERFUL EIGHT for BLACK CSG
IN Cattle BY giving from Is 10 - drons inter
naly and applying externally enee or twice 10
the parts affected. sad Il gave immediate relief
A. J. NcLURE We. SHIFLETf
A. J. STEWARD. WILL MeLURH.
IN & WILLIAMS Dallas srax,s
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1883-02-16

other streams are expected, if not to swell
the streams here, 20 check the fall.
INDIANAPOLIS, Feb. l5.-The telegraph
operator st Jacksonville says they are sur
rounded by water every street being under
water. IL is impossible TO get anywhere
without boats.
At New Albany the river is still rising,
and with prospects for two more feet. Many
people are suffering terribly and are still
moving out to higher ground, The city is
completely surrounded by water.
AT Bardentown, the river rose one and q
hall feet last night, and is still rising. Some
houses have been swept from their founda-
uons and the roofs taken from some brick
houses. No casualties are reported.
flrTsBURG, Pa, Feb. l5.-Dispatches
from the headwaters report weather rain.
ing and river rising steadily last night,
which would indicate that there will be
twenty-five feet here before the flood
reaches its highest point No damage ex.
cept from humiliation is anticipated.
LcUIsvtLLE, KY, Feb. l5.-rhe flood is
undated, but it is believed the river will
come to stand 10y nightfall. No sddi-
tional loss of life is reported, but probably
100 additional dwelling and business houses
have been overlooked. An manufactures
near the river are closed and thousands of
NOEhIucli are OuN VI tlupiODiut AlIItOSt
the entire populace is out ON the streets and
no business is being done. Transfer and ex-
press wagons traverse every street,
stopping at all houses, citizens filling them
with provisions for the sufferers. The water
works, in the extreme limit beyond the
point and toll which had held out bravely
against the flood, slCcumbed this morning ,
and the machinery stopped, but two large
basins are filled with millions of gallons of
water and it is not thought there is much
danger of scarcity. The gas works hold
yet, but few more inches rise will bring
the tallow dip and the coal oil lamp to the
front.
CLEVELAND, Feb. 15-The Masonic fra
ternity here sent to Cincinnati eleven skiffs
last night, life-saving crew OF eight men,
who volunteered, and large lite-boat this
afternoon, and tomorrow will send,
ii needed, five large yawls, with one ex.
pert sculler to man each, all 10
be under the direction OF the Cincinnati
Masonic Relief association, but not specially
for assistance to the fraternity. as it is stated
that only very few, if any Masons are
in distress. The boats and men are for
general service in rescuing persons and
property. The Cleveland Il Columbus
railway furnishes transportation free.
MORE RELIEF.
CHICAGO, Feb. l5.-Relief committees OF
the board of trade have raised $1,000 fol-
the relief of the Ohio food sufferers.
The Indianapolis journal. [volume] (Indianapolis [Ind.]) 1867-1904, 1883-11-21
A Mississippi Peace Officer BOastiDgly Ac
knowledges that He Is the Murderer
of j. p. Matthews.
Ex-Speaker Keifer and the Republican
Complimentary Vote.
Views of Senator Sherman on the Virginia
Situation The Presidents Political
PositiOn-.Notes and Gossip.
THE NAVY.
Admiral Porter Criticises the New Steel
Cruisers.

Admiral Porter Criticises the New Steel
Cruisers.
WAsHrNGToN, Nov. 20.-The annual report
of Admiral Porter is notable for the criti-
cism of the new armored steel cruisers de-
signed by the naval advisory board as being
deficient in canvass and so constructed as not
to work undersail This, in time of war, may
be a fatal defect, as all coaling stations would
be closed against US, and in time of peace the
naval vessels should cruise under sail, for
the sake of economy The Admiral believes
in the immediate construction of a large
number of swift vessels with powerful guns
and thinks we could build twenty large ships
in two years. Prompt attention to
the lake defenses he considers of
prime importance, and sees no reason
why we should not commence to build, on
the lake Shore two of the heaviest iron clads,
with powerful guns and great speed. Upon
this subject the Admiral says there is every
facility for constructing such vessels on Lake
Erie, and one such ship stationed near
Buffalo could, in case of threatened hostili-
ties, drop down to the mouth of the Welland
canal and demoish the entrance docks, etc.,
rendering the work useless for naval or mill
tary purposes. Even should vessel succeed
in passing the canal she would be imme-
diately destroyed. would recommend that
one of the proposed ironclads be built on
Lake Ontario, and kept in the stocks ready
for launching in case of necessity.