News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1882-04-20
FARM AND GARDEN.

A QUESTION OF SoILING. B., New
Kingston, N. z, writes: 81 have farm
OF l25 acres, about one.half of which il
more suitable for grazing than for cult
Walton; the remainder is good arabic
land that can be cultivated closely, anG
can be made to bear almost any croI
suitable to our climate. EARNED in the
old way of grazing it keeps twenty COWS
L want to know what the probabilities
are as to the number Of COWS it would
keep by partial system of soiling with
the arabic land, and use the grazing
land for the cows to roam over and gel
what pasture it affords, with plenty o.
shade, pure air, and water during the
day, and be kept in stable or yard dur
ing the night, with a good supply o.
soiling feeds. Would such system be
likely, if properly pursued, to increase
the income of the farm If you think
my plan feasible, please suggest the
most suitable crops to commence with.
Reply. question is one of great
Importance to dairymena For, here is 6
farm of 125 acres which keeps twenty
cows, but which, under a good system
of soiling with the grazing, should keer
at least sixty. First, to do this it would
be necessary to divide the pasture into
fields of ten or twenty acres, so that one
could be fed while the others are recov.
ering and resting one field might be
fed for week, and if there were six il
would rest for five weeks, thus length.
ening out the pasture very much. In
the meantime the COWS are fed on soiling
crops, such as rye, in May or April, il
1T is ready, and corn-fodder in July af.
terward, the first corn being early sweet
corn, planted spessily. There should
be good deal of fodder corn and corr
for grain grown for winter feeding and
ten acres of mangels for use in the win.
ter with the corn fodder and some hay,
cut in the grass fields. By good man
agement this farm ought to feed fifty Oh
sixty COWS, if it was wholly devoted tc
that purpose.-N. Y. Weekly Times.
SEED-TnIE FOR RED C1ovER.-I have
often lost clover-seed by too early SOW,
ing, and my later practice has been tc
defer seeding until the very severe
freezing of spring has passed. In this
latitude (43 degrees), about the middle
of April, in ordinary seasons, will be as
near right as we can name day. But
circumstances will often prevent the
work being done very near this time.
Generally there is a drouth in April,
often reaching into the middle of May.
this dry time, and narrowing is resorted
to by many of our best farmers to break
up the crust that forms on top of the
dry earth, and thus save the wheat.
Clover.seed sowD on the wheat imme-
diately before this narrowing is slightly
covered, and good catch is almost
certain. And if the seeding has been
delayed till the ground has settled and
commenced cracking, tie narrowing is
very important. I have often sown
clover-seed on moist ground, sometimes
when mud would load on the feet, and
perhaps in this way temporarily drive
the sewers from the work. Seed sown
under such circumstances is very sure
to grow and live. The really important
point is to cover the seeds. Half an
inch is deep enough. And this cover
ing is the reason for early sowing, while
freezing and thawing of the surface may
be expected to do this service. The
danger of this early sowing comes of
an early warm spell that sprouts the
seeds while they are on top Of the
ground and therefore easily killed; and
this warm spell followed by long-oon-
tinued very cold weather. - George
Geddes, Ono,aaGga Co., ~. Y.
GFAFrrsg.-zenss trees intended for
grating should now be beheaded just
above where it is intended to regraft
If left until late IN the season a good
deal of the strength Of the tree Is
wasted. Shoots about the size of a
mans wrist are the best for grating on.
All those done last season should now
have their stems cleared of lateral spray
left on at the tine for promoting root
action, and the leading shoots from the
graft should be topped about one-third
of their length and otherwise treated as
young trees forming head. A supply
of gratis should be at once secured and
laid in by the heels in trenches in cool,
shaded position; do not tie them in
bundles, as the center ones are liable to
get dry and shrivelled, but lay in each
variety separately, with its name or
number at the end of the row. The
best shoots for gratis are those of me-
dunn strength; they are generally bet
ter ripened than the largest ones, and
weakly shoo5s have not stamina enough
to form a healthy shoot. Old estab-
lished trees, where moss grown, should
now be busted with freshly slaked lime
worked well in among the twigs, as, in
addition to it's beneficial effect in clean
ing the wood, it forms a valuable man.
ure when washeaoff into the soil. See
that all freshly planted trees are Sc
curely staked and the stems protected
from chatting or being barked by sheep
or game. A coating of birch or sur
rounding of rabbit-proof netting makes
a good protection, and some case the
in conkinn o,n1
them with tar or other noxious COM
pounds.
Coal ASHES. evil coal ashes around
and currant bushes iniure or
benefit them?' The application may
be made quite useful. AS the plants
have very shallow roots, and often sew
eral stems contiguous, it is difficult in
most soils to keep grass or other weeds
down and the surface clean and open
without wounding either the roots or
stems; yet clear culture is one abso-
lutte essen.u< handsome, large,
juicy, well-lfasyt5a fruit. If the ashes
are sifted and the entire surface well
covered, they smother all weak weeds,
and if stronger ones come up they are
very easily spudded off when the ashes
are occasionally stirred. This stirring
is necessity TO prevent the formation
OF a smothering air-tight crust.
Another important gain from the ashes
is the retention of moisture about all
the roots.-M. Y. Tribune.
PLANTING AND CULTIVATION OF Corn.
AS soon as the weather has become