davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Fifty Millions.
fSan Jose Mercury.1

Moses A. Taylor, the great shipping
merchant, died the other day in New
York possessed of fortune of $50, 900,
600, all made, it is said, by strict busi-
ness principles in legitimate process OF
trade.
This is vast sum. Its magnitude is
beyond the grasp of the ordinary brain.
It wonld purchase fifty thousand farms
of one thousand dollars each, or five
thousand worth ten thousand each,
Let us consider this fifty-millionaire
during the last two years of his life
He has passed the allotted span OF
years, and now, infrm in health, he
can but look forward to the end. There
is no panacea in all his gold for the ills
of life's decline. Through his vas,
wealth his wife, sons and daughters
have been led away from the cosy CON-
forts of easy competence in the gaudy,
glaring, tiresome existence of extrava
CANT life and surroundings.
And now in the bright flush of Spring
the old man reclines upon his dying bed,
awaiting the summons that shall call
him into the unknown, whose impene-
trable mysteries all his wealth and infu-
ence have failed to unravel. Here al
the threshold of the Beyond every cent
of his fifty millions must be left behind,
and be must pass out just the same as
the poor beggar that may have pleaded
with him for crust to appease the
ravages of hunger.
His elegant palace, his beautiful
grounds-the gorgeous trappings of art
all must be left behind, while his
poor emaciated frame is consigned to
the corruption of the grave. What q
mockery is this! What q vanity of all
vanity is this insatiate greed for wealth.
Can it weigh in the scale with o healthy
body and contented spirit? Never.
How much richer must be the consola
tion to him, who in the fading moments
OF life, can realize that in some way, be
it ever so humble, he has been a hely
and q benefit to his fellowmen.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
In the Superior Court
OF the County of Los Angeles, State of
California.
In the matter of the estate Of Nancy 7. Lucas,
deceased

Pursuant to an ord.r Of said Court, made this
day, notice is hereby given that THURSDAY.
the lst day of July, 1882, at 10 o'clock A. NJ of
said day, being regular day of the term of said
Court, at the courtroom of said Court at the
Court House, in said county, has been appointed
,iQr hearing the petition Of +. Won Otto, praying
S0f an order that A. p. Bentley, administrator Of
the estate of said deceased, make a conveyance
of a certain tract OF land, lying and being In the
county of Los Angeles, State Of California upon
the payment by said +. Won Otto of the amount
Of money due by j. II. Lucas to said estate and
which land is claimed to be held by said estate as
a security for the payment of said money, at
which time and place all persons interested
therein may appear and contest the same by
fling their objections in writing.
Los Angeles, May 31st, 1882.
In witness whereof, have hereunto set my hand
- and seal, this 3lst day OF May, 1882
Seal A. W. POTTS, Clerk.
- BY Z. ii. OWEN, Deputy. jel-4w
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
MONDAY, the Sd DAY OF July, 1882,

At IL o'clock A. NJ, at the Court House door, In
the city and county of Los Angeles, all the right,
title, interest and estate of the said Charles
Flanagan at the time OF his death, and all the
right, title and interest that the said estate has
by operation of law or otherwise, acquired other
than or in addition to that of the said Charles
Flanagan at the time of his death, in and to all
that certain lot, piece or parcel of land situate,
lying and being in the said city and county of Los
Angeles, State of California, and bounded and
described as follows, to wit:
Lot (3) three, block (3O thirty seven, Of the Ter
minus Homestead tract OF East Los Angeles, ac-
cording to the map made by Moore & Kelleher in
March, 1875.
Also at the same time and place, on the same
terms, the following personal property belonging
to the estate of said deceased.
Five (5) shares of the capital stock of the
Main Street and Agricultural Park Street Railroad
Company, stock certificate No. 81 fully paid up.
2-One Q share of the capital stock OF the
Centinela Land Company of Los Angeles.
Terms and conditions of sale-Cash in lawful
money of the United States; ten per cent OF the
purchase money to be paid TO the auctioneer on
the day of sale, balance on confirmation of sale
by said Superior Court. Deed at expense of pur-
chaser.
N. A. MCDONALD,
Administrator OF the estate OF Charles Flana-
gan, deceased.
June Sth, 1882 je9td
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13

Under and by virtue of an execution issued
out of the Superior Court of the County of Los
Angeles, State of California, ON the 26th day
of May, A. d. 1889, to me directed and delivered
on the 10Th day of May, A. D. 1882, for a judg-
ment for the sum of Sl6 S02 l00delars and costs,
rendered in said Court on the 26th day OF Febru-
ary. A. ID. 1850, in the above entitled action in
favor of the City of Los Angeles, plaintiff, and
against j. j. Carrillo, Ii. C. Wiley, b. Dubordieu,
NJ Morris, Andres Machado, |. Cohn, Romulo
Pico, Wolf kalisher, and John +. jackson, defend
ants, have levied upon and shall, on
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Administrators Sale of Real Estate
and Personal Property.

Notice is hereby given that in pursuance of an
order of the Superior Court of the county of Los
Angeles, State of California, made on the Sth day
OF June, 1882, in the matter of the estate Of
Charles Flanagan, deceased, the undersigned, the
administrator of said estate, will sell at public
auction to the highest bidder, for cash, and sub
ject to confirmation by said Superior Court, on
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
LEGAL.
In the Superior Court
OF the County of Los Angeles, State of
California.

In the matter of the estate and guardian
ship of Guadalupe Luisa Chavez, Ma
ria Fredervinda Dometila Chavez,
Marcos Antonio Aguberto Chavez and
Francisco Antonio Martin Chavez,
minors.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
LEGAL.
SheriR's Sale.
EXECUTION No. 1902.

In the Superior Court of the County
of Los Angeles, and State of California:
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Notice of Intention.
V. L. HOWARD,
Superior Judge.

Notice is hereby given that it is the intention OF
the Council of the City OF Los Angeles to establish
| the grade of Bunker Hill avenue, between Tenn
| pile and Fourth streets, as follows:
| The grade at the junction of Bunker Hill ave
| nue. and Temple street TO remain at l4025 feet
above datum plane; thence to ascend 10 point
l73 feet south of the south line of Temple street,
where the grade shall be 14s feet above datum
plane; thence level southerly 40 feet; thence
descending to point in the north line of Court
House street, where the grade shall be 1876 feet
above datum plane: thence on level to the
south line of Court House street; thence ascend
ing to the north line of First street, where the
grade shall be 143. 10 feet above datum plane;
thence ascending TO the south line OF First street,
where the grade shall be las As feet above datum
plane; thence ascending to point $50 feet south
of the south line of First street. where the grade
shall be l5S feet above datum plane; thence on a
level to the north line of Second street; thence
ont level to the south line OF Second street; thence
descending to point 300 feet south of the south
line of Second street, where the grade shall be
l55 feet above datum plane; thence descending to
the north line of Third street, where the grade
shall be 147 feet above datum plane thence de-
scending to the south line of Third street, where
the grade shall be 146 feet above datum plane;
thence descending to point $50 feet south OF the
south line of Third street, where the grade shall
be 40 feet above datum plane; thence descend
ing TO the north line of Fourth street, where the
grade shall be lis feet above datum plane.
All persons interested are hereby notified to file
their objections, ii any they have with the Clerk
OF the Council, within ten days after the date of
the first publication of this notice
BY order OF the Council Of the city Of Los An
geles at its meeting of the 81 day of June, \. ID.
1SS2.
W. W. ROBINSON,
Clerk OF the Council OF the City of Los Angeles.
je6 lot
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
NOTICE.

During my absence, which will be prolonged
until about the middle Of July, GEO. BUTLER
GRIFFIN, Civil Engineer, will attend to my pro-
fessional business. H. J. STEVENSON.
je9-lm
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Summons.
In the Superior Court of the County of
Los Angeres, State of California.
Leonor Perez de Ballesteros, Plaintiff.

Leonor Perez dc Balesteros, Plaintiff,
VS..
Trinidad Navarro, Dolores Navarro de Car
rion, Jose Navarro, Juan Augustin Ma
varro, Pho Serrano, Jose Antonio Serrano,
Rosa Serrano de Ballesteros, Ascension I
Serrano dc Valenzuela, Arcadia s. de 7
Fadenille, Susanna Dominguez, Fermina
5. de Redona, Yginio Silvas, Jose Clemente
Carrillo, Guillermo Navarro, Francisco
Hernandez, John Doe and Richard Roe,
defendants.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
PHYSICIANS.
DR.. Joseph Kurtz

Has removed his office to No. 29 Main street
opposite Baker Block
a1rEye and ear diseases treated with the care o
a specialist. ap22
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13

These drawings occur monthly, Sundays ex-
cepted), under provisions of an Act of the Gen.
eral Assembly of Kentucky.
The United States Circuit Court, on March 3lst,
rendered the following decisions:
lst-That the Commonwealth Distribution
Company is legal.
2d-lts drawings are fair.
The Company has now on hand large reserve
fund.- Read the list of prizes for the
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
JUNE DRAWING.

Whole Tickets 81 Half Tickets, 81.
27 Tickets, $50. IS Tickets, 800.
Remit Money or Bank Draft in Letter or send
by Express. Don't send by registered letter or
Postofice order. Orders Of $S and upward, by
Express, can be sent at our expense. Address all
orders to
r. NJ BoARDMAN,
Courier-Journal building, Louisville, KY, or X
NJ. B0ARDMAN, 800 Broadway New York,
n5-d&W
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13


COUNTY or Los ANGELES, 90
In the matter of the estate of Isaac Lankershim,
deceased. In the Superior Court of Los An
geles county, State of California.
Pursuant to an order of this Court, made this
day, notice is hereby given that Monday the
18th day of June, 1882, at 10 o'clock A. NJ OF said
day, at the courtroom OF this Court, in the city
of Los Angeles, county of Los Angeles, has been
appointed for hearing the application Of Annis L..
Lankershim, !. N. Van Nuys and James b. Ian
kershim, praying that document now on file in
this Court, purporting to be the last will and
testament of Isaac Lankershlm, deceased, be ad-
mitted to probate, an that letters testamentary
be issued thereon to them, at which time and
place all persons interested therein may appear
and contest the same.
Dated May %, 1882.
A. W. POTTS, County Clerk
By A. RIMPAU, Deputy. m26td
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13

The City of Los Angeles, Plaintiff, J
versus
J.J. Carrillo, ct al, Defendants.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Spanish Language.

MIR. J. PUG, a native of Span teaches the
Spanish language with perfection in few months
and at very moderate prices. Those desiring to
acquire said language should not lose this oppor-
tunity.
Terms For three lessons weekly, at house of
pupil, "a per month, and 50 per month at the
house Of the Professor. The language will be
taught dramatically.
Lessons given to pupils at their residences out
side the city, on reasonable terms
JOSE PUG,
81 Also street, corner Alameda and Los Ange-
les mr9-tf
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Farmers and Merchants Bank of
Los Angeles, Plaintiff,
VS..
j. II. Lyman ct al, Defendants.

Under and by virtue of decree of foreclosure
and order of sale entered in the Superior court OF
the county OF Los Angeles State of California, on
the 18th day of May, A. ID. 1882, and writ OF
execution for the enforcement of Judgment re-
quirng sale OF property under foreclosure OF
mortgage issued out OF said Court, annexed to said
decree and dated the 18th day of May, A. ID.
1882 in the above entitled action and in favor OF
Farmers and Merchants Bank of Los Angeles,
plaintiff and against j. II. Lyman and I. A. Carey,
fendants certified copy of which said decree OF
foreclosure, duly attested under the seal of said
Court on the 18th day of May, A. ID. 1882, and
delivered to me, together with the writ annexed
thereto on the 17thday of May, A. ID. 1882 whereby
am commanded to sell at public auction TO the
highest and best bidder for cash in U. s. gold
coin the following and in said decree described
real estate, to-wit:
All that certain piece or parcel of land situate
in the county OF Los Angeles, State OF California,
and in the rancho Santiago de Santa Ana,
bounded and particularly described as follows,
to-wt.
The north fourteen Q4) acres of the east half (l)
of lot number three (S) block F, of the a. b.
Chapman tract of said rancho, as surveyed by
Frank Lecouvreur in 1870 and extended by L. Il.
Nicoles in 1871
Public notice is hereby given that on
THURSDAY, THE 10TH DAY OF
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
DR.. J. S. Griffin,

UPSTAIRS, CITY OF PARIS BUILDING,
SPRING STREET.
Office Hours-9 to II A. NJ, to and to
p NJ.
Residence East side of Main street, below
First. m15-u
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Summons.

In the Superior Court of the State Of
California, in and for the County OF
Los Angeles.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
THURSDAY, THE 10TH DAY OF
JUNE. A. ID. 1882,

At 10 O'Clock NJ of said day, will proceed to sell
at the Court House door, opposite the Sheriff.
office, on Spring street, in the city and county OF
Los Angeles State of California, at public auction
to the highest and best bidder for cash in United
States gold coin to satisfy said decree for prnci
pal and interest attorney fees costs and all accru
ing costs, all the above described real estate so
much thereof as may be necessary to satisfy said
sums.
Given under my hand, this the 18th day of
May, A. D. 1882.
wM. r. ROWLAND, Sheriff.
By JAS. C. KAYS, Under Sheriff.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
LEGAL.
Mortgage Sale.
Execution No. 1851.

In the Superior Court of the County of
Los Angeles, State of California.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13

Endorsed: r. F. DEL VALE and WALTER d.
STEPHENSON, attorneys for plaintiff. my3O- On
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13

VIII practice i'm all of the State and Federal
Courts in California and will give prompt and
faithful attention to all business entrusted to
them nltf
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13
Notice for Publication Of Time for
Proving Will, etc.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA,
COUNTY or Los ANGELES, 90
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-13

,jeooti
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1882-12-23
Gen. Clusters Hat.

Mrs. Custer has presented 10 Custer
Post, G. \. H., Of Chicago, hat once
worn hy Gyn. Custer She has recently
been made an honorary member OF the
post. In sending the hat sha wrote i:
Since hearing from you and from Mr.
Lehman Hudson last year how lauch Won
all prize the rcd necktic, and how prompt
You We're to adopt il "a, part Of your mii-
form, ! have sent 10 my Michigan home
for one Of Gen. Clusters large hats that
he Wore i'll many charge during the
war. ! think it no less 2 part Of the cos
tune that became especially Identified
with him than WAS the red tie. He was
the first officer on orr side who wore the
broad-lrimmed lai for campaigning. and
he also frs; adopted the bite flannel
shirt with III" broad coIlu-having
brought one early in the var from n
gunboat on the James River
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1882-12-23
Trade Philosophy.

The Lewiston (AIc.) Journal gives
this item of trade philosophy: Let me
tell yOu fellows got to have poor
thing to sell good one by" N oralizes a
Lewiston trader Il always try to sell
the poor stuff first. j always show it to
a customer first. When | show him the
good thing I'm sure to put darn good
price on it, so he will b. liable to take
the cheaper article. | had lot of geese
Thanksgiving, I put my poor geese 10
the front. offered EN- for IL cents
| put my best geese way up to Is to 10
cents. | didn't want TO sell them. A
good thing will sell itself. When / got
through had one or two geese left, and
they were handsom; ones. Now. saws
|, / don't care whether customers come
or not. If | have anything left over |
want it to I've good thing. That's equal
to money at any time. When a man
comes into my shop and asks for good
barrel of apples, for instance, l show
him some of those small ones which |
can sell for 50 30 barrel. If he says
he wants a fancy, bang-up article. | ask
him if he means business, and show him
that handsome fruit over there that I'm
getting $50 for. There's just as much
chaw in the $3.50 barrel as in the
other, but when it comes to settin' EN-
on the table before company they're no
good"
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1882-12-23
ROOSTER AND COON.
Origin of the Democratic, Wing aud Re-
publican Election symbols.

The Pitts5urgh Past, Democratic,
which ought to know all about the sub
iect, says:
We have received since the election a
number of inquiries us to the origin of
the rooster as symbol of Demo ratio
success at the polls, and also of the coon
rs the political trademark of the opposi-
ton.
Away back in the forties-we believe
about 1914, so the story runs-the Demo-
cratic organ in Indiana WAS conducted 10y
Bird b. Chapman, Il politician of some
repute. 1t was Il season of political
activity. and the Democrats wera rather
Respondent. rs the tide seemed against
them. AT some local election prclm-
mary to the general election in the State
the Democrats unexpectedly scoopcd thc
Wings, and letter from an active Demo
crat communicating the views to the cdi-
tor, began with the injunction. Grow,
Chapman, Grow.
Sure enough, Chapman did crow. and
using these words rs n headline in his
next days issue, first introduced the
Democratic rooster Is the harbinecr Of
victory
The idea was Il taking one. and the
symbol was quickly accepted AID came
into general MS at leastwhen the Dem
ocrats gained something to crow over
The POST ROSTERS the morning after
election are aaxiously locked for. and
their non-appeHancc has come To- tell
the story Of the ballot-hoX as we'll rs thin.
dress parade i'll columns of States, Us in
1874, 1875 and 1882. They arc great
favorltes. these ROSTERS. with the news
boys, and always insure them harvest
of nickels.
The coon was NOR of q Wing than il
Is Republican symbol. although our
friends of Tie GuecHt have fat and
cunning one IN reserve, Of unmistakab.c
larcenous propensities. which they trot
out whenever the voters give them Il
chance. It's last appearance was when
Maine went Republican III September.
but October and November ballots drove
1t back To It's den. very likely for long
rest and Scant rations The co0a was
one of the properties il the log cabin
and hard cider campaign of 1910, win. II
tine enthusiasm Of the wings found vent
IN all sorts of odd conccits.
1t was the fashion IN that canvass TO
construct log cabins for political meet
ings, and IL hackwools stvla Il eoou-~kin
was nailed alongside OF the cabin door
to he cured or dried This is q comInon
sight now in continuing regions Of
the mountains Of Pennsylvania. In 1Sl0it
was supposed to symbolic. frontier life
and In incident, Of "Old Tippicano,'s"
pioneer days. 1t was a marked and et-
fective contrast to the gold spoons Ogl",
OF Somerset, located in The White
House. as the common adrumcnt oil
Mr. Van Burens table The coon, we
Judge was first applied by the Demo
Gratis t. the " hi@s as a matter If ridi-
cule but aftcrward accepted lay the lat-
ter to commemorate their occasional suc-
cessCs.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1882-12-23
MARKET NOTES.
NEW YORK MARKET.

NEW YORK MARKET.
The Wholesale New York market quot atoms
show
BEANS Prime SO 4O@.S so: fair to good,
$2.65@S2.70 per bushel.
BUTTER - New York sold at 1885,. for
choice in pals, and 30d33c. common to good.
Western sold ut i1@42c. and the common
Western at lSCd2lc
CHEESE = Factory fancy, lsc @1314c do.
fair TO good. 9Gl0c.
transformations ranged from 29c. for or
binary to 35c. for New York. New Jersey
and Pennsylvania.
Flour super6ne, So 25@sS 80 Western.
81 30Q$7.50; extra New York, e3.9O@sG25.
HAY Shipping, 55G60c.; clover. 45@7Oc.
salt. Csc; straw, 30GD40c.
HoPs New York. SOC. @$1; Eastern. S0@
90c: yearlings, 10000; ODDS %.
PETROLEUM = Refined. 71sc.; crude, 714@
nc. in bulk in barrels. S5sc.; naphtha. CSC.
in shipping order, and ll1a@l2sle. in cases.
PonE : New mess. Sls.0O@sl9.25; dressed
hogs, 75sG8c.
waukce, No. 3. 1886; amber, sl.S2@sl.40;
white SSc@S1 l3.
RYE State. 67070c.
WooI-Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia,
XXX, 45(04Gc.; Xxx, 42@i5c.; X, 42(@43c.; No.
!, 450i7c.; No. 2. 3sCQ40c.; common. 33935c.;
New York and Western Xxx and K. 500 i61ac.;
No. l, 44@i5c.
PHILADELPHIA MARKET.
FLOUR = State family, -@54o2 rye
-four, S4.O0@s4. 1914 wheat, State, SO
$1.l3; amber, Sl.4S; corn, yellow, slc.;
mixed State, SAC.
PETROLEUM Refined, 7s4c.; crude, 6Ac.
Wool State and Western Xxx, 46@0Jc.; X,
47@i6c.; medium, 50@5lc. coarse, Acc.
BOSTON MARKET.
FLoUR-From $3.509S3.75 for low and
medium, to "A 1906 25 for choice Minnesota.
Corn S7tG90c. for mixed and yellow.
BUTTER - Common, 23@28c. Vermont
dairy, 29032c; choice creamery, 84@30c.
CHEEsE-12@13Ac.
BEANS s. 150S3.20.
HAY-Choice. S1S@S19,
CATTLE MARKETS.
BUFFALO - Cattle, good quality, $500
1915; hogs, fair to good, S6l0@S6.20 best,
$685.
EAST LIBERTY, PENN. Best cattle, $1,000
$500; medium to good. $500 90; common
TO fair, S4.10@S450; Hogs, Workers, 10000
500: Philadelphias, $6.6OQs0.75. Sheep,
S8.50t9S4.7b.
WATERFOWL, MASS Cattle, choice, $1,000
@slO5o: extra, ss0O@sp.5O. first quality,
s775@SS75; second quality, s4.75@S7.25;
third quality, s4.00@S4.25. Sheep and lambs
wool sheep, $200@S475 extra, $1,000
s550 spring lambs, 4@5Hc Veal calves,
8@z5<c %
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1882-12-23
,CATAIeIsII.

We believe that nne-tenths of all cases Of catarrh
are constitutional. We also believe that a reliable
constitutional remedy like Hoods Sarsaparia, that
strikes at the very root of the disease viii cure
very large proportion of all In continuation
OF this belief we offer evidence showing the effects
81 Hoods Sarsaparilla upon this disease. mother
says: Ny boy had catarrh so badly that could
hardly keep him in clean handkerchiefs he has taken
one bottle OF Hoods Sassapariila. and that terrible
amount Of DISCHARGE has STOPPED" Another writes:
3. / have had catarrh four years. Last April the
dropping IN my throat became 50 troublesome that
became alarmed. as it affected my right lung.
took Two bottles OF Hoods Sarsaparlla and il cured
My appetite, which variable before, Is first
rae now" CHARLES II. GRIFFIN, Lowell. Mass
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1882-12-23

THE NctcS says Il Philadelphia girl re-
fused to marry young man until she
accidentally discovered that his hair and
musiache were dyed. Then she blush
ingly cocsnutsd. Sh. knew sha could
throw that up 20 him ii he ever found ont
that She had a glass eye.
Democratic messenger. [volume] (Snow Hill, Md.) 1869-1973, 1882-12-23
A Hotel Mans Luck.

Mr.. J. G. Tyler, chief clerk at the
Union Depot Hotel, Ogden, had rheu-
matism in the muscles of the chest and
left shoulder. BY applying the Great
German Remedy three days he realized
complete restoration, and he is of the
opinion that there is nothing equal to the
ST Jacobs Oil for pain. The Great Ger
man Remedy is also a specific for burns
and sprains. Sat- Lake UtdhD Tribune.
He Il truly grcatthat is little in himself, and
that make;h no account of amy hight of Eouers
Thomas attempts
Mucu sickness attributed to dyspepsia and