The Cecil Whig. [volume] (Elkton, Md.) 1841-current, 1882-04-01

| and, in addition. royal forest officer as
assistant teacher Of construction of roads.
6 odsev, and plain drawing, and also 8,
chemist as assistant teacher of geology.
| 1t Will be seen. even from such general
statements. that the instruction in these
schools includes not only the technical or
! botanical study of forests. but embraces
tlSo a complete course in natural science
| ,nd mathematics. as we'll as to a consid
'rahle extent, political ECONOMY, finance
,t,d jurisprudence. ca tain Campbel
| Walker. chief conservator of forests in
New Zealand. giving an account of his
visit to the school at Neustadt EherS-
yalde, says: Nothing struck me as
| more remarkable than the extent and
varied nature of the studies required
| rom forest candidates or practitioners i'll
| Prussia, and the number of Years they
| ire contented to spend. first III studying.
| md then i'll waiting for appointment.
| The students at these Schnuls or acade
mics are expected to spend several Years,
rlther before or after graduation, III
| practical work in the forest. under the
watch and instruction of the forest Off
| GERS, and it is only after five or six years
at such employment that they can rea-
| sonably expect to receive a fixed and per-
nanent Appointment in connection witt
| lie forest service. Yet SO respectable
Ahd desirable is this employment con>id-
eted that it is stated on good authority
] 'at d few Years ago there w.Ge hot les,
tnau thirty three barons or barnnets hold
! ing appointments i'll the crown forests OF
! Prussia
The important place which forestry
! holds abroad may be seen from the fact
| that there are nine of these schools in
| Germany, and one "r more ill every Eu
r"pean country except Great Britain.
which has hardly any forests to care tol.
while tine abundant moisture rum her
Surrounding seas, aud her exemptions
| RON severe summer heats On account OF
ner high latitude. prevent her from SUI
!erlny from the absence Of trees as she
otherwise would.
We have left ourselves space only to
allrdc TO the value OF trees as shelters
rom injurious winds aud from malarious
influences. The vicinity Of II forest, or
even Il few rows OF trees. is Il great pro-
lection, not only to man aud beast, but To
growing crops, from violent or cold winds.
Such shelter belt often makes the dill
| erence between success and failure to the
husbandman. The best observers esti
mote that il one fourth OF the fields de-
voted to agriculture were planted with
trees. property distributed. the remain
ing three-!nurths would yield as large
returns OF CROPS as are HOW gathered
, from tie whole, while the product OF the
trees in fuel and timber would be a clear
additional gam.
Trees also. aside from the fact that they
absorb g;.rhonc acid and eShale oxygen,
and so promote the stluhriry of the at
| mosphere, are found ta be Il very eifec-
| tive protection against malalious inilu-
enceS. The planting of only a single row
OF trees has produced a perceptibly fay-
orable effect, while belts OF trees planted
in the vicinity Of pe>tilential marshes
n!ve rendered them no longer noXious to
those living near them.
1t il pretty we'll settled now that for
the best interests Of most countries, their
nealthlulnc,s, the CT Attest productive
ness of their fields. and their general COM
fort and thrift. not les, than a fourth part
of their area should be permanently Ill
forest. Wherever this proportion is not
preserved, harmful Consequences sooner
Of later cnsue. But III Europe TIE forests
are cherished and catcd for not only on
most important industrial resources of Il
country. Science and art are employed
not only to preserve Il proper amount OF
Woodland for the best development of
other interests, sanitary ANA economic,
but to produce the largest pecunary re-
turns from the forests themselves. The
| conditions for the best growth of the for
est as a direct source OF income are stud
led rs carefully AS are those for the
growth OF wheat or corn. BY constant
experiment and observation. in cunnec-
s,l, ,I,. al, l.. at Str,-
csrtaincd what trees are best adapted to
grow i'll particular SOILS OF with particu-
lar EXPOSURES which flourish best in !.
moist and which in " dry atmosphere,
| which IN elevated and which i'll low sitn-
atoms. 1t is found, also. that trees, like
human beings, are not only social Ill their
nature, aud will grow better when
planted together i'll masses than when
! obliged to grow singly and apart from
each other. but that they like 4 varied
society: that the pine, for instance. will
flourish better, viii develop Its nature
| more fully, attain a grander stature and
a better quality, when planted IN com
pany with the oak or other trees differ
| ent III character from itself, than when
it is limited to the companionship of its
| own kind The same is true OF other
trees, ana it i, only aS the result OF :: nice
and prutracted study that the alfinitles
u tees OF their preference III this respect
can be determined, Then, also. it has
| been found that trees come to their best
when a rotation OF crops is observed as
ia the case of the grains and grasses, ana
| 50 the officers in charge of the govern
| mental and other forests have it for one
. of their duties to determine What classes
of trees shall succeed each other, and ia
what order.
| Cndet this forestry management, no"
| So well established i'll every country of
| Europe, the woodlands OF forests have as
constant oversight aud care as the corn
| rield has with us. The forest is not as
mere. Il hap hazard and accidental growth
| with which man has little to do except
to notice its progress, us levy upen its re-
SOURCES according as they may serve his
| convenience VI his greed, but the trees
are regarded as one Of the staple crops of
| the land. They are planted for Il definite
| end-fucl ur timber-but SO planted as to
conserve all other interests OF the com
| al t.,r