davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06
OFFICIAL.
Proceedings Of the Common Council.
Regular Meeting.

Regular Meeting.
ST. PAUL, Oct. 3, 1882.
In the absence of the President and Vice
President. AID. Dowlan was called to the
chair.
Present: Aid. Robert, Fischer, Otis,
Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey, Mr.
Presidents.
COMMUNICATIONS.
From His Honor the Mayor-Appoint-
ment-
To the Honorable, the President and Com.
mon Council of the City of ST. Paul:
have this day appointed Andrew Dahl
gren special temporary policeman at the
request of the President of the Board of
Health, to do duty, at the corner of Green
briar and Cook streets, under the direction
of the president of said board. His CON-
pensation can only be provided for by a
resolution Of your honorable body.
The chief of police will report to you
the length of his service.
Edmund RICE, Mayor.
Sept. 28,1882.
Accepted-See resolution. ~
From E. F. Drake
For the grading of Commercial street.
north to Sixth street.
Board of Public Works with order.
From Peter Hoffman
For permission to maintain q public
scales for the weighing of hay and coal,
etc.
Committee on Streets and Alderman of
Precinct.
From John Roeller-
For permission to erect frame building
in fire limits.
Committee on Fire Department.
From VIM. West.
Claim for damages to property caused
by grading of Dale street.
Committee on Claims and City Attor-
ney.
From NJ. F. Propping, President
Asking that water mains be laid on
Sixth street in front of Turner Hall.
Water Commissioners.
From D. D. Merrill and others
For the partial grading of Golf street
from Caroline to Winnifred streets.
Committee on streets.
From D. D. Merrill and Others
For the grading of Stryker avenue.
For Louisa street to Prospect Terrace.
Committee on streets.
From j. G. Haupt, President
For the erection of lamp on mort h-east
corner of Franklin and Sixth streets.
Committee on Gas.
From j. E. Norton
For permission to move frame building
etc.
Granted. (See resolution.)
From Jno. NJ. Burch and others
For the partial grading of Caroline street
from Bidwen to Eaton streets.
Committee on streets.
REPORTS OF CITY OFFICERS:
Of City Treasurer
To the Honorable President and Members of thu
Common Council:
GENTLEMEN-I.. have the honor to herewith
submit my report showing the receipts and dis
bursements of this Office from June 6, 1882, to
October /, 1882;
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06
Resolutions.

By Aid. Johnson
It is hereby ordered by the Common Coun-
Gil of the City of st. Paul:
That the matter of grading Iglehart
street from Mackubin west to Kent street
be, and the same is hereby referred to the
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06
/ Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, St1rkey,
Mr.. President.---9.
Approved Oct, 4. 1882.

/ Yeas-Ad. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer
Otis, 6mith, johnson, Van 4lyke, 6t1rkey
Mr.. President.---9.
Approved Oct, 4. 1882.
BY Aid. Johnson
It is hereby ordered by the Common Coun
Gil of the City of st. Paul.
That the matter of change of grade or
Rice st. between Pennsylvania avenue and
Winter street, as represented by the rec
grade line on the profile hereby submitted
be, and the same is hereby referred
to the Board of Public Works to inves
tigate and report.
First. Is this improvement proper and
necessary?
Second. Give the Council an estimate
of the expense thereof, and state whether
one-half of the cost thereof is to be paid
into the City Treasury before the contract
is let. ,s,r ~
Third. Can real estate to be assessed TO,
said improvement, be found benefited Il
the extent Of damages, costs and expthsei
necessary to be incurred thereby?
Fourth. Is such improvement asked TO,
upon the petition or application of the
owners of q majority of the property to be
0so0o0e0 Aux COCu uPkOV0M0UtS
Fifth. Send the Council plan or pro
file of said improvements as required by
law, if You report in favor of the same.
Sixth. Send the Council a::proper order
directing the work to be done.
Yeas-O'Connor, Robert, Fischer, Otis
Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey, Mr.
President.-9.
Approved October 4, 1882.
By Aid. Van Slyke-
It is hereby ordered by the Common
Council Of the City of st. Paul:
That the matter of grading Commercial
street from Fourth street to Sixth street
and Sixth street west from Hoffman ave.
nue. to Commercial street be, and the same
is hereby referred at the Board of Public
Works to investigate and report.
First. Is this improvement proper and
necessary?
Second. Give the Council an estimate
of the expense thereof, and state whether
one-half of the cost thereof is to be paid
into the City Treasury before the contract
is let.
Third. Can real estate to be assessed
for said improvement, be found benefited
to the extent of damages, costs and OK.
penses necessary to be incurred thereby
Fourth. Is such improvement asked TO,
upon the petition or application of the
owners of a majority of the property tc
be assessed for such improvement?
Fifth. Send the Council plan or pro
file of said Improvements as required by
law, if you report in favor of the same.
Sixth. Send the Council proper order
directing the work to be done.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van SlyAe, Starkey
Mr.. PresidenE9.
| Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06
WHERE DEPOSITED.
Respectfully submitted.
n-0D1- D-ro

0EO6dG 0E4o, OAty 4E0dSuT0rs
Comptroller.
Pay rolls
The treasurer returns, paid by him, the
pay rolls of the street and sewer force for
the month of September, 1882, amounting
to $S,7S9.sO.
OF Comptroller Audited claims, viz:
B. G. Davis, $500; Charles
Motif, $2.0o; Chas. Lamby, $78.25; Bird
get Burke; 5000; Martin Divine, $500;
Sherwood Hough $3.50; Jno Rooney, s.. co.;
Joe Rothwell, Jr. $3.50; Ned Colbert, $500
Mrs. Rooney. $6.00;J. ]. Dunnigan, $3.50;
p. Cannon, $84.25; Board Of Water Com
missioners, $19.43; T. s. White & Co.,
$6.1l; st. Paul B. & Sly. Co., $3.50; Nc
Oarthy & Donnelly, $39.75,
Allowed and paid by i the follow
ing vote: Yeas-Ald. Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-8.
Also,
Tax levy estimate
C1TH CoMpTRo1Lzs's OFFICE,
81. PAUL, Sept. 80.
To the Honorable the President and
Common Council of the City of st. Paul.
GENTLEMEN: herewith present the tax
levy estimate for the year 1882, for your
consideration, as required by law.
The following is condensed statement
for which tax levy is required, viz:
Interest upon bond debt 1874, $50. 90
City bonds maturing in year 1885,. 81,S70.00
0eneiN Iuno ...................... ZS4,UW.VO
Ward funds. ...................... 100000
1otA. .@4SU,UUU.VU
Upon valuation of so, 0O0, 900 assessed real
and personal estate twelve and one quarter mills
(12Z mills) will have to be levied to realize the
amount for the First, Second, Third, Fourth
and Fifth wards. The Sixth ward will be 10
mills and ''New Territory IL mills.
The estimate contains all the necessary infor-
nation. Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN w. ROCHE,
City Comptroller.
Estimate.
INTEREST FUND. DIR.
To annual interest upon the bond
debt for the year 1888 ... $l26,28S OC
To city bonds maturing in the year
1883. s1,s7O 90
Total debt. Observation-Disclosures. s15s,l5s OC
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

SeOA A>OAA>SJ ALL Wiz A0y lux Va CIO66 W6lkE
ordered by the Council, up to the first day
of January, A. D., 1883.
Contract read and approved by the fol.
lowing vote: 30
Yeas: Aid. Dowlan, Robert, Fischer, Otis
smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Slarkey, Mr.
President-9.
To the Common Council:
GENTLEMFN- supply of granite mon.
uments purchased by the city some years
ago is about exhausted. There is an urgent
necessity that many important points
should be permanently established or all
traces will be lost. would recommend
that the clerk be directed to advertise fol-
one hundred (1OO) of these granite mon
uments, that they may be on hand to put in
position as soon as possible.
Yours respectfully,
L. w. RUNDLBTT,
City Eng'r.
Oct, 3, 1882
Of Clerk of Municipal Court
Report for the month of September
1882, as follows:
Amount collected in criminal cases 1889 81
Amount collected in civil cases. A IL
i AoIdh 49,. ........ 1854 w
Treasurer's receipt accompanies fol
1884.
Committee on Public Accounts.
Of Chief of Police
Report for month of September, 1882
! as follows:
| Total amount of fines and costs COL
lected. Observation-Disclosures $3.50 8;
Total number of arrests ....... 249
Total number of dodgers accommodated 76
Committee on Public Accounts,
Of Captain of Police-Lamps-
A report showing the number of gas
and oil lamps not lit during the month OF
September, 1882, as follows:
| Total number of gas lamps not lit. 81
| Total number Oil lamps not lit. .5S
Comptroller.
Of Market Master
Report for month of September, 1882
| showing the collections to be S463.4O, and
accompanied by Treasurer's receipt TO,
| said amount.
Committee on Public Accounts.
Of Pound Masters ai1 9f
Report for month of September, 1882
showing the net poundage collections to
be $3.50, accompanied by the Treasurer's
receipt for said amount. h
Committee on Public Accounts.
REPORT OF BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS.
Sibley street Paving, y.I
To the Honorable, the President and Com.
mon Council, city Of st. Paul. sar
GENTLEMEN: The Board of Public
Works respectfully beg leave to 80 modify
their report Of July II, 1882, on paving
Sibley street, from Fifth to Seventh street
as to require stone curbs instead of wood,
and to that end herewith submit proper
order. Yeas 4; nays O, s
J. G. TERRY, President pro tenn.
Official:
R. L. CONAN, Clerk Board Public Works.
Sept. %, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

By Aid. DoWlan-
It is hereby ordered by the Common Coun-
Gil of the City of st. Paul.
That the Board of Public Works of said
City cause sidewalk to be laid on the
north side of Grove street, from Mississ-
ippi street to Canada street.
Yeas-Ald.O Conner, Robert, Fischer, Otis,
Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey, Mr..
President-9.
Approved October 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.

By. Aid. Dowlan-
RESOLVED, That the street oil lamp con-
tractor be instructed to erect an oil lamp
on the southeast corner of Mount Airy and
Warren streets.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, Johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey.
Mr.. President -.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

By Aid. Mccarthy
1t is hereby ordered by the Common Coun-
Gil of the City of ST. Paul:
That the Board of Public Works of said
City cause crosswalk to be laid on Isa-
bella street, on the east side of Dakota
avenue, on Dakota avenue, on the south
side of Isabella street.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer.
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey'
Mr.. President-9
Approved Oct 4, 1872.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06
By Aid. Fischer

BY Aid. Fischer
RESOLVED, Thut the Board of Public
Works be, and are hereby directed to CON
struct sidewalks on the east side of 81
Peter street, from Seventh street to FIFTH
street on the south side of Sixth street
from st: Peter street to Market street. On
the south side of Ninth street from Frank
lin street to Fort street, on the west s;da
OF franklin street from Sixth street TO to
Ninth street, and from Third street to
Fourth street on the north side Of Third
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

Resolred, That an order be drawn upon
the Treasury in favor of w. P. Murray, for
one hundred and fifty dollars, to be used
as contingent fund in the City Attorneys
Office for court expenses.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

ted to the extent of damages, costs and
fexpensesuecessary to be incurred therebye
Fourth. Is. such improvement asked for
upon the petition or application of the
| owners of q majority of the property to
be assessed for such Improvement?
Fifth. Send the Council plan or pro-
file of said improvements as required by
law, if you report in favor of the same.
Sixth. Send the Council proper order
directing the work to be done.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
By Aid. Johnson
1t is hereby ordered by the Common Coun-
Gil of the City of st. Paul:
That the matter of opening an alley
! through block -, st. Paul Proper, be, and
the same is hereby referred to the Board
of Public Works to investigate and re-
port.
First. Is this improvement proper and
necessary?
Second. Give the Council an estimate
Of the expense thereof, and state whether
one-haH of the cost thereof is to be paid
into the City Treasury before the contract
is let.
Third. Can real estate to be assessed for
said improvement be found benefited to
the extent of damages, costs and expenses
necessary to be incurred thereby?
Fourth. Is such improvement asked for
upon the petition or application of the
owners Of majority Of the property to be
assessed for such improvement?
Fifth. Send the Councila plan or pro-
file Of said improvements as required by
law, if you report in favor of the same.
Sixth. Send the Council proper order
directing the work to be done.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor. Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

By Aid. Van Slyke--
RESOLVED, That side walk be laid on
south side of Woodward avenue, con- len
cling at point fifty (5O) feet west of Mon
roe street and running twenty (2O) feet
west.
Yeas--Ald.O'C onnor, Robert, Fischer, Otis,
Smith, johnson. Van Slyke, Starkey, Mr..
President-9.
Approved October 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06
By Aid. Van Slyke-

BY Aid. Van SIyke-
RESOLVED, That the st. Paul Gas LIGHT
Company is hereby authorized to li9ht
with the electric light, the tower now beino,
erected at Bridge square.
Yeas.Ald- O'Connor, Robert, Fischer.
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkev'
Mr.. President-9.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

By Aid. Starkey-
RESOLVED, That the Chief of Police be in
structed to cause the removal of all OBJ
structions on Short street, from Maria
avenue to Hoffman avenue.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

By Aid. Johnson
RESOLVED, That an order be drawn upon
the Treasury in favor of Hartwig Deppe.
for the sum of fifty dollars, in full pay
ment of land taken for the extension of
the Dodd road.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

Resolced, That an order be drawn on the
Treasury in favor of Richard Goblet, for
the sum of twenty dollars, salary for the
month of September, in clearing up in and
around the Public Market.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9
AnnrOvo1 Dot A 1900
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

BY AID. JohnsOn-
RESOLVED, That the City Engineer is
hereby authorized and instructed to adver-
tise for sealed proposals for the rebuilding
of three spans of the bridge over the Mis-
sissippi river next to the present iron
span, on the south, with iron spans.
Yeas-Ald. O'Connor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9.
Approved Oct. 4, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-10-06

RESOLVED, That the street oil lamp con-
tractor be requested to remove lamp from
south end of Mississippi street bridge to
north end, northeast corner instead of
northwest corner of Fourth street and
Bates avenue; northwest corner Burr and
Collins, instead of southeast corner.
Yeas-Ald. OConnor, Robert, Fischer,
Otis, Smith, johnson, Van Slyke, Starkey,
Mr.. President-9.
The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1882-08-11
GOING EAST
GOING WEST.

Connections are made at St. Ignace with the pop-
uar steamer City of Cleveland, for Detroit and in
termediats points
The Michigan Central Railroad for Detroit and
all points in Michigan and the east south and south
cast.
With the new England Transportation Co.'S lire
for Milwaukee, Chicago, Collingwood and all points
in Canada.
AT Marquette with the Marquette, Hougbton
trets, and with Steamers for Duluth and the North
west.
Through tickets on sale at Marquette and 81.
lgnace, and all points In the Northern Peninsula
For information as to passenger and freight rates,
apply to Office of General Freight and Passenger Act
TH0S. McKE0WN. FRANK MILLIGAN
Gent Supt., GenI Frt 4 Pass. Art.
Marquette, Mich. Marquette. Mich.
The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1882-08-11
Agricultural College.

The wheat harvest Of the farm is
about complete. The work was done
ina satisfactory manner by anew Buck
eye Irvine binder. The wheat is ex-
cellent, and the average yield will
probably be as great as of any wheat
crop ever grown at the college. The
straw is somewhat rusted, but the
grain does not seem to be affected.
The coming commencement exer-
cises will consist of baccalaureate
sermon, Sunday, Aug. IS, at 8 p. M;
class-day exercise, Monday, Aug. IA,
at 1880 p. M; commencement exer-
else, Tuesday, Aug. IS ,at 10 a. m;
Presidents reception to students and
guests, Wednesday, Aug. IS, at
pm. alumni exercises, Wednesday,
Aug. I6, at 1890 a. m, consisting of
Grafton by ]. P. Finley, of the Uni
ted States signal service, history by
H. A. Haight, of Detroit, and poem
by Frank Bodgeman, of Climax
Lansing Republican.
The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1882-08-11
Aei

"Look not long on the face of the dead;
Leave the Past in the Past" they said.
"Dig some grave for the old despair;
Bury Ii far out of sight and sound;
The years bring nothing but sorrow and
care
Bury the hast ere the next comes round,
Or the burden will grow too great to bear"
said not yea, and said not nay,
But wept when they carried the corpse away.
1 flung to the wind the flowers that were
dead;
Powered their places with new-turned mold;
watched and watered the empty bed
Through the dark, and the dearth, and the Bit
But, ioI no others came up instead.
locked the door on the unused stair;
broke In pieces the vacant chair;
/ looked not back as the days went by;
let the grass grow over the Past.
could not smile, and would not sigh
thought that should forget at last;
would not believe that wished to die.
Till, behold one day I awoke to find
That the whole of my life was left behind,
That walked alone in world of air,
A world of all ,ound and speech bereft.
The Past may hold but song of despair,
But take IL away, and there's nothing left,
Only the silence everywhere.
Wandered back to the dcsolate place;
looked again on the dear dead face.
kissed them, and gathered them into my
And felt they were mine, my all, my own,
That and my Past could never part ff
Flesh of my flesh, and bone of my bone.
May Probyn.
The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1882-08-11
take any interest in horse trades. !"

take any interest in horse trades"
cit is all right. am glad you did
not see it. / think | shall drive over
to Woodstock to-day. l have little
business to transact; so you can ride
to school with me. shall be back
by the time you are through, to take
you home"
AS John went to harness the horse,
his mother asked her husband con-
corning his business. He replied:
REALLY, mother, / can make neith-
er head nor tail of III Some of
Eben's rascality, l expect. Poor Shaw
is almost crazed. l can tell better
what it is when l know the whole
story. would 60 over there and see
Mrs. Shaw, were I you. Poor wom-
an! She needs comfort. Her husband
always blames her for every misfor-
tune that befalls them, and all the
deviltries that the boys cut up he
says are the result of her bringing up.
He has not the least idea that he has
had any influence over them by either
precept or example. He has sown
the wind, and is reaping the whirl-
wind.'
IT. be- c0ufinueI.O
The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1882-08-11
The practical Difference Between
Philosophy and Poetry.

1t sounds very poetic to say "man's
inhumanity to man makes coun tless
thousands mourn" but why not apply
the principle to the more practical
side of the subject, and render the
quotation thus; Swayne's Ointment
on account of stopping the itching
caused by the Piles has made count
less thousands we'll and happy
There would be sound logic in this
but poets are never cheerful, are they3
The Chicago Inter.Ocean: 1t has
been suggested that Immigrants will
shun Iowa on account of prohibit
bition." That will depend on the
reasons for which men buy farms. If
Iowa enforces the law no man doubts
but that she can reduce her expenses
for jails, penitentiaries, poorhouses
and criminal courts one-half. If land
is not worth more in a state full Of
sober people and schoolhouses and
churches than where occupied by tip
piers, jails and poor houses, then we
had better change our civilization.
Men of all parties should at least be
willing to try the experiment in Iowa.
Let us see whether ten years hence
there will be farms to give away in
the state.
Mr.. M. A. Whitley, Toledo, Ohio,
writes: CATER trying all advertised
medicines for nervous weakness and
early decay, gave up in despair, and
resigned myself to the seemingly inc.
vitable--a premature grave. Hap
pening to hear druggist recommend
Browns Iron Bitters for dizziness, /
bought myself bottle. / am most
agreeably surprised to find myself re-
stored to perfect health, strength, and
manhood. I feel sure the cure is per-
manent, yet in future / intend to OBJ
serve more carefully the laws Of
health"
The Isabella Republicans met in
convention July a8, instructed their
delegates to support Hon. K. G.
Horr for congress, w. N. Brown for
state SENATOR of that district and
Henry Woodruff for representative.
@No woman really practices econ
omy unless she uses the Diamond
Dyes. Many dollars can be saved
every year. Ask the druggist.
The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1882-08-11

dustriOus. Men, wOmen boys and girls wanted
everywhere TO work for us. Now is the time You
can work in spare time only or give your whole time
to the business. You can live at home and do the
we'll No one can fail to make enormous pay by en-
gaging at once Costly outfit and terms free. Money
made fast, easily, and honorably.
Address TRUE Co., Augusta Maine.
The times. (Owosso, Mich.) 1882-1897, 1882-08-11

The press of the east talks about
the Presidents veto thus: "Righteous
veto," Albany Journal. "Brave and
honest act" Utica Herald. Good
public service" Utica Observer.
Gives universal satisfaction, Syracuse
Journal. MET just expectations of
the county, Rochester Democrat.
'Timid and half apologetic,' Buffalo
Express. 'Statemanlike document
Springfield Republican. Practical
and timely Boston Herald, 'Coura-
geous and polite Boston Transcript.
Brave as we'll as righteous Hartford
Courant Gen. Hawley) Sound
and cogent,' Providence Journal
did his duty Philadelphia Times
'Unanswerable,' Philadelphia Ledger.
Admirable document, Philadelphia
Telegraph. "The veto is right,
Cleveland Herald. Reacerscan take
their choice.