, 1882-06-30

for centuries. Three extensive mine,
are already in operation, and machin-
cry established at Seattle and Taco
ma capable of loading one thousand
tons daily each in vessels at the
wharf. Five steamships of three
thousand tons capacity each, are en-
gagged in the transportation of coal to
San Francisco, Portland and other
points. Iron abounds-bog, hema-
tite and magnetic. Several foundries
are in operation, together with ma.
chine shops for the manufacture and
repair of railroad machinery. A
large corporation has been organized
for the manufacture of iron at Iron
dale, employing capital of two hun
dred and fifty thousand dollars, fur
nished mainly by San Francisco cap
italists. This great interest promises
to be largely extended throughout
the territory.
The Sound country is especially
adapted to the raising of horses, cat
tie, sheep, swine 7and poultry, which
rarely require, in consequence of per-
petual vegetation and moderate ton
perature, to be foddered or protecte
from the weather during the entire
year. Education is far advanced;
$4,000 acres have been appropriated
by Congress for univerity purposes,
and a successful university has been
several years established, having de
partments for normal, classical and
commercial education. High schools
are also established in the principal
towns, which serve as an excellent
superstructure for the common
schools, most excellent system Of
which is already in full and success
full operation. Churches of all relig-
ious denominations are numerous
and convenient to the populat on
Twenty-Five weekly and six daily
newspapers have circulation in the
territory, and are especially effective
in diffusing intelligence, and advocat
ing the substantial interests of the
territory.
eastern Washington consists of
mountainous, hilly and undulating
prairie land, adapted to grazing,
production Of wheat and other cere
ais, fruits and vegetables. Vast crops
of all these productions are raised
with but little preparation, the soil
being largely impregnated with aka
line substances, which obviates the
necessity of artificial fertilizatioR
Although but an inconsiderable por-
tion of this region is under cultiva-
ton, there was produced surplus OF
wheat last year of 230,000 tons. Two
hundred thousand head of cattle We're
last year driven from the grazing
plains to the markets of the East.
Horses and speep are raised in pro
portionate numbers. One half Of
this belt is yet unsuryeyed by the
government, and consists OF vast
grazing regions, capable of support
ing an unlimited amount OF live
stock. 1t is almost impossible to cal
culate the productive capacity OF this
eaewheat- growing domain, which
Mr.. Willard estimates will be 750,OOO
tons during the years 1888 and 1881
This estimate includes East ern Ore
gon. Probably not one of thousand
acres has as yet been placed under
cultivation. The climate is colder in
winter and warmer in summer than
in Western Washington, which pre-
walls in all at-growing countries.
The people are highly intelligent, en-
terprising, industrious and success
full. immigration, mainly from the
Eastern. Northern and Central states
is rapidly increasing. Five ocean
steamers of the largest capacity and
best construction, are engaged IN
their transportation. Columbia river
extends 300 miles eastward, then dl-
verging northward, waters and drains
with its vast tributaries, the Snake,
Spokane, Palouse, Walla Walla and
Yakima rivers, all Of Eastern Wash.
ington, which with Puget Sound and
it's tributaries, afford more than AOOo
miles of inland navigation. In con
sequence of these vast navlgable
waters, comparatively small railroad
facilities are necessary for transpor',,
tation or travel, yet 500 miles OF rail
have already been laid, equipped with
the best machinery, and from lOOOOto
$1,000 men are engaged in the work
of extension. The Sound is connect
ed with Columbia river by rail, and a
new road is projected from the south
ern extremity OF the Sound to GrayS
Harbor ON the sea. The advantages
which attach to Washington as a
maritime state are unequaled. Inc
commerce of Asia, the Sandwich Isl
ands and Japan must soon find ITS
way by this nearer course to the CIT
les on the Atlantic seaboard and the
maritime states Of Europe, with the
competition of the Northern Paclhc
and its extension to Puget Sound
which will bring us within four days
travel of the commercial cities OF the
East will plbce Puget Sound dir,ectl%.
upon the great commercial belt of