Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1882-06-21


From TIE Y y. Sa:.
Sr. PErEKssURd. May ct is plain that
Bzarism is dead In Russia. He who is now called
Gar is merely an Imperial exile palace pris-
,Eer. al au5ncr@t;c outlaw, a distorted shadow
Of Ivan tie Terrible and Peter the Great; in
short he is anything but eli Autocrat Of All the
Russias. Even tae late Car dropped the reins
Of state toward the enI OF his life. aud the
aorses were let loose. Being too weak to wieid
as scepter himself in order to save his life and
ais imperial chariot. he turned it over repest-
sdly to this or that substitute But it was all
in vain; tine horses has. run mad the chariot was
overturled and "recNeJl. the autocrat was
trampled down and killed. and the imperial
crown, the Imperial .:ob1. aud the Imperial.
scepscr. stained rit! Imperial blood fell to the
ground All: there in the dust, they still lie.
torsaEen, though EIt forgotten Alexander
Aiexandroyitc:i. the GG;fI who is now called
Car would n,.t iUr al the treasures OF the
world touch the imperial g:oee. He treuIbles at
the sight of the imperial crown like cuiprit
looking uElDl the hangEian'S hood. He ,ia-es no
more to pet ais finger upon the scepter than If
It were al electric conductor attached to mine
Of dy aamite.
Bat all the Ruseias cannot remain long in the
present condition: they must have some kind of
government. Who is going to rule them? That
Is the question of to-day. Russia has entered
into ncw phase Of Developments; her aUtocratic
state system is undergoing the process of dsso-
luton, and at the same time there is going on a
new process, that OF differentiation OF the state
power.
Ii the history of Russia which counts already
over ten centuries. there have been times when
her rulers had in their hands only the command
of the army, while the legislative ard judicial
functions were vested ia the peoples repreSan-
tatiyes. There Eave been periods when Russia
presented = federation of independent prince
doms-the appaiiage systeT-ald when some of
those pr;nec;loEcis were turned into republics;
Tor instance. Noygor0f, pskoff Viatka Lift q
Russia and the Land of the Don Cossacks There
have eec:: times when tie free Peasautry were
self-coTe-i:ed. ard did not know any law but their
own so-cisiied customary law There was time
when the Clergy were the only Eterate and
learned persons in Russia-when they rot only
preached. bet taught in the schools and wrote
all the state documents, and when some of the
patriarchs We'd with the ears for pre-elninence
oi authority IN tie country Formerly the zeHl-
sky sober. Or national assembly. dictated laws,
imposed taxes. declared war; elected ears and
deposed them. After time the powers of the
cpPanaged princes, Of the patriarch, and of the
national assembly were al merged in one per-
con, the car and autOcrat of all the Russias
In modern history no country of Europe or Asia
has presented such sweeping Capitalization of
power 80 that OF the car. If we wish to behold
Aparallel we must turn back to ancient history,
end among tne Roman emper0rs we shall find
some prototypes OF the Russian autOcrats Ivan
The Terrible robbed and murdered on the high
ways, like Nero. and the iGiotc Paul T. rayed
hike Caligula- There was very little difference
between those tyrants
If it be admitted that in the course of Russian
history there have been circumstances which
made necessary this dreadful centraliZatiOn of
power. ret those circumstances long ago ceased
20 exist. and cZarsm. left without its historical
excuse for being. has collapsed. The nihilists
appeared on the scene only to deal it the fatal
blow.
Lately significant change has taken place in
the minds OF the Russians. Now they talk not
OF the humiliation of the nihilists, but of the
disntegTation Of the cars power
IF the car does not dare to WELD the Seen
ter" a Russian priest whispered to me. then
somebody else win do it. We hope that Metro
politan aackasy will be able to restore what
properly belongs to the church"
From the Introduction of Christianity into
Russia in the ninth century till the conquest OF
Constan:lnopie By the Turks in 1453 the Rus
sian church, though independent of the state,
looked Tor guidance to the Patriarch. of Con-
stantInopie. Then it became independent. and
the head or the church was the Russian Patri-
arch. Peter the Great. being tired of the oppO-
stion of Patriarch Adrian. abolished the patri-
arenate, and instituted the Holy Synod, or As
sembiy OF Bishops AftcrwaTd the HOLY SYNOD
became mere bureau, one of the many thou
sand various offices of the ears bureaucratic
machinery. and in that capacity the synod still
issues every order in the Fame of the Car.
The holy synod is composed of the three me-
tropolitans Of ST. Petersburg Moscow and
kieff, number of provincial bishops who at
tend the sttings of the synod i'm turn, the Cars
confessor. and the chief priest of the army and
navy. The chief procureur an officer OF the
Gar, represents his master i'm the synod and
rules the holy fathers as well as the church OF
Russia Now, as tie Car cannot pay any atten-
ton to the synod. and as his substitute there.
MT PooedonostreG is orthodox, Makary. me-
tropolitan of Moscow, has become the head OF
both the synod and the church Makary ia a
very ambitious and learned man. and his works.
"Dogmatical Theology" and the History of the
Russian Church" are very much praised 1t
was Eakary who . few months ago in a letter
warned the Car (. at the people might forget of
him II he continued to hide himself away from
them. That letter added greatly to the pOpu-
iarity OF the metropolitan and to the disgrace of
.ias ozar. VINO. hot having courage enough to
sft according to the advice of Makary at the
same time did not dare to dismiss the bishop a
thing that Was done recently even by petty
Prince Milan, OF Servia- Meanwhile Makary
went still further.
The question OF the freedom of the press IL one
or paramount Importance in the opinion OF the
educated russians. The new Gar despite all the
expectations OF the friends OF the press, proved
true to the traditional hatred of the Cars fol
everything that is printed. Presently Makary
saw MS opportunity TO win all the liberal Rus.
SLAMS TO ms side. He instructed his vicar Bishor
Ambrosy, 10 deliver two public lectures on tie
freedom OF the press from the standpoint of the
Crtnodox CHRISTIAN church. This is unprece-
Heretofore no Russian bishop has ever an
peared before the public in any other place than
the church. But Ambrosy delivered his lee
lures In the Moscow city hail. and besides he
espoused view of the subject just the oppo
site to that held by the Russian gov.
eminent At first Moscow was thunder.
struck, but on a second thought the people
came 70 the conclusion that Bishop Ambrosy
being the vicar of Nakary himself could not tx
wrong. Then, again. though not In the church
Amerosy did not utter anything that he coulG
support by the Scriptures. He said that Coo
created man free free to choose either right O,
wrong; that for mans guidance God gave hin
the Divine Scripture. and yet God did not ortle
man TO follow blindly even those Scriptures; fol
he said, BY the mouth of Chsist, search tn,
scriptures The bishop. therefore, came te
ftne conclusion that the freedom Of the press Il
- right thing before God, but that that freedom
smust be limited by our duties toward
s0uf neighbOrs and God. The lectures of Am
sbroey were great success. and Makary orderet
that they be published In pamphlet. which i
now In great demand here. So Makary VOL
another victory. Yet he went further
In the MOSCOW Rfs there hare haan puhl;~Ao.