davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
ACOUP D'EFAT.
THE PEHNsYLvANIA r. n. COMPANY
SECURES THE LEASE OF FOURTH
STREET wKARF.

THE PENNsYLvANIA II. n. COMPANY
SECURES THE LEASE OF FOURTH
STREET wKARF.
1t is already known to our oltizens
that an opposition boat to the FsEton
would be placed on the line between
here and Philadelphia. A description
OF the boat, which is now at the jack
son b Sharp's yard receiving the IN
ishing touches. has already been given
In the GAZETTE.
When 1t had been decided to place
the boat on the line, the parties inter-
ested looked around for q wharf
where they could land. They were
led to believe that they could secure
Fourth street whaff, which would
have suited them in every particular.
SO sure were those concerned in this
belief that they rested easy In the
matter, but alas for their uneasiness.
On Monday last the whaIf, whieh be-
longs to the city, was sold at public
sale In the City Hall, for . term OF
three years. 1t was purchased by
Enoch Moore, j., at an annual rental
Of &S5S.
This looked we'll enough on the sur
face, but 1t now transpires thst the
wharf was purchased by Mr.. Moore at
the instance of the Pennsylvania R.
X. This was done In order TO shut out
the opposition boat from landing
there.
lis now thought that the new boat
will land ct the wharf Of 9. w. Talley,
on the south. side Of the creek, oppo-
site French street. The new boat will
commence running about April 1st.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
SECOND EDITION
Warrington Notsa.

WAsHINaToN, March s.-The COM
mittee on commerce to-day reported 4
bill sppropriating $40, 600 to erect q
marine hospital at or near Lewes,
Delaware. The SUM asked for the
purpose was $4,000.
The Postmaster. General has issued
an order providing that after July 1st
next no allowance for advertising un
called-fer letters will be made TO any
postmaster unless by special authority
Of the First Assistant Postmaster
General. Postmasters desiring such
authority must hereafter send in an
estimate of the amount required for
each quarter, which will be allowed
in proportion to The amount appropri-
ated by Congress for this purpose.
The subcommittee of the House
committee on ways and means, which
has charge Of matters rela cling to the
internal revenue, gave hearing to-
day TO the manufacturers of glucose.
They claimed that the bill which pro-
poses to tax glucose would destroy an
industry in which $20, ,000, 900 of cap
ital is invested, which employs $4,000
people, and which last year consumed
20 600, 600 bushels of corn.
The II use committee on public build
ings and grounds to-day agreed TO report
TO the House, with favorable recon
mendatioD, the Senate bills providing
for the erection If hall Of records IN
this city to cost 100000.
Hon. j. L NJ. Curry, of Richmond
Va. the general agent Of the Peabod!
education fund, addressed the ROus'
committee on education and labor to
day on the question of nStioDal aid t,
public schools on the basis of illiteracy.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
RI.MstalIham.

LONDON, March Sat the bi-me-
tallic meeting of the Mansion House
letters of approval OF tho objects from
the Ministers of France and Germany
were read. United States Minister
Lowell and the Ministers from Greece,
Holland, Roumania and Chile were
present. The Governor of the Bank
Of England and Messrs. Arthur j.
Balfour, Williamson and Cotton and
Sir George Campbell, member Of Par.
liamenr, spoke to resolutions in favor
OF the free coinage of silver and the
objects of the Paris Conference, which
were carried. About twelve hundred
persons were present, including many
prominent business men. The Times
deprecates the bi-metallist meeting as
calculated to foster a delusiOn abroad
that England intends to tamper with
the currency. ..-
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
Congress Yesterday.

In the U. S. Senate yesterday, Mr..
Garland introduced q bill, for the con-
sttuction and repair of the leyees on the
Miss slssippl river, which was laid on the
table subject to biz call. (It appropri-
ates $l5, 100000 for levee purposes }
'rhe Alcoholic Liquor Commission bill
was considered, aud a motion by Mr..
Bayard for its reference to the Finance
Committee was Il st-yeas 10, nays 26.
Pending a motion to amend the bill was
LAID aside, and the Chinese bill taken
up. An amendment to this bill by Mr..
Ingalls,, limiting the suspension of the
coming of the Chinese laborers to ten
years, was lost by Tie vote. Other
amendments we're also lost, and, pend
ing consideration of the bill, the Senate
adjourned.
10 the House bills were reported au-
thoTizing the construction of vessels for
the navy; providing for ocean mail ser
vice with foreign ports; to enable i'm
porters to use the metric system OF
weights and measures, and to amend
laws relating TO Incense fees of engineers
and pilols and the personal liability OF
vessel owners. The bill approprlatine
$250,O00 Tor the purchase of the Freed
mems Bank property IN Washington
was passed. The Senate sntl-Polygamy
bill was reached on the calendar, when
Mr.. Converse, OF Ohio, raised the point
of order that it must go to this Commit
tee OF the Whole pending decision on
the point the House adjourned,
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
GERMAN-AMERICAN SCHOOL.
a Room secured-The school 10 bC
Opened without Delay.

a Room Secured-Tho School 10 be
OPened without Delay.
The association Of Germans who
intend opening q German-Amorican
school met last evening and formed a
permanent organization by electing
the following officers:
President-Henry Miller
Vice President-August Kuhlman.
Secretary-Peter Elmer.
Trsasurer-F. Heiss.
The committee appointed at pre-
vious meeting reported that they could
secure the basement room in the First
Presbyterian Church, in the new ad-
dition fronting on King street. The
committee were instructed to lease it.
The committee ON furniture were
instructed to continue their inquiries
In regard to furniture.
On Wednesday evening next twelve
persons will be elected to constitute q
school board. The school will be-
opened as 5000 as the furniture can be
secured.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
The Maryland and Delaware Shig
aAnnl-ArRumemt OF MFs HODi1t2.
oil Before the House Committee.


WASHINGTON, March + The House |
committee on railways aud canals held |
It's regular weekly meeting this morn
ing. Representative H1blltzsll made
an elaborate and convincing statement
10 the committee on the subje:t Of ths
Maryland and Delaware ship-canal. He
assumed that the government was COM
mitIed to the policy of aiding such pro-
iects. He instancad the vast sums
granted by the government 10 aid OF in
ternal improvements, aggregating for
the Mississippi river jetties 100000;
the construction of additional entrances
TO New York b rbor $4,000, 900; rive7
aud harbOr Improveme IT'S generally up
wards of $50, 900, 900; Pacific railroads
nearly 500 600, 900 in subscriptions, in
dorsement of bonds, and land grants for
wagon roads and canals, 500, 900 900,
SC. All thess vast appropriations of the
public money and enormous grants of
valuable public lands had been justified
l on the ground of affordlng the best and
cheapest outlets for the products of the
= country to the ocean. II
I None of the various works added by
] Congress had greater claims to consider
| alton than the Maryland and Delaware
II
ship-canal, which would shorten tie
route to the sea from It's to 200 miles.
He then argued that the commercial adj
vantages to be drivsd from the construc-
tion of the canal were self-evident, and
gave statistics Of the amounts If cereals
received at Baltimore from the Ohio
and Mississippi valleys. The products
OF the West were attracted TO Baltimore
IN such large quantities by reason Of the
Npooling system" of the trunk lines es-
tablishiDg differentlal rates, making
three cents per 100 pounds in favor OF
Baltimore. How much Crater would
become the advantage to the Western
producer when you consider the addi-
tlonal eheapening of from 2 10 cents
per bushel to be obtained by the con-
struction of the canal. If the shipments
were no larger than they are now, the
saving in round numbers at 2 cents per
100 pounds would be 1890, 900 per
aEnum, which in few years would pay
the entire cost of the canal.
A POSSIBLE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY.
1t Is stated on the best authority to-
mig that the nomination of VIM. e.
Chandler for Secretary OF the Navy will
be sent to the Senate very soon.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
An Old COupls Foand Murderea

CHARLoTTEsvILLE, Va. March g.
John .. Massey and his wife, and old
couple living on Buckeys.Land Greek,
about six miles from this place, were
found murdered this morning in their
house. Their bodies were discovered
in The passage near the door of tLeir bed
room, Indicating that they had been
dragged from their bed and there muir
dered. An axe IF Massey'S was found
on the bed, but with no blood upon 1t.
The victims, who owned some property,
doubtless had money in the house. The
drawer in which they usually kept it was
found on the foor anu had been ram
sacked. No one slept in the house last
night except the deceased aud small
colored girl. There is yet no clue to the
murder.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
InstaImsnt sales.

are iacined to approve the bill
Od by Mr.. CAtlin compelling the
nent OF fifty per cent to persons
hsiDg furniture on the Instalment
u case Of the SEIZURE OF the furni-
BY the dealer for breach Of Gen.
instalment plan has In many ways
3 convenience 10 cttiEens Of small
bat the abuse Of It is a hardship.
vent this abuse is q Uroper func-
1.-The law, aud We shall bs glad to
that the law takes coRnlzance o
7 Herald.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
The Peach PrOnnaei.

The Smyrna Times say s:-"Tbe peach
scar season is nearing, but so far the
prophecies are all Que Way-the prospect
of an abundant crop. Tie mild weati.-
er Of the past week has considerably
swelled the blossom buds and made
their condition more susceptible to inju-
Ty should there be heavy depression of
the mercury, Or late frost after the
bloss 1ms are tul blown. We have
never known more settled faith in the
crop than there is this Spring.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
Awaiting an Owner.

, Last evening officer Ryan noticed two
oolored boys named BerjlmIn Myers
and Samuel rrt sty, enter y junk shop
on French street, above Fr3n'. they
hA6 bag In their possession, aud the
officer thinking that All wss not right,
entered the shop,and IL unu the boys en-
deAvoriDg to sell log pounds of old lron
and bra' s. He arrested the buys and
locked them up, and sl'o took charge of
the brass aud iron, which is awaiting an
owner at the police station.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
l.The Domealic Txrnnt. .

. average man." qnoth Mrs.
pgton, "is weak and irritable
tc tyrant," and Mira. p. is correct.
lnleal TO fault the average man
pter the blissful Paradise of . happy
scratch himself in fiehdish glse,
he baby Into cenvu 'sions, and for
Why, because he has the Itching
aud IS too mean to buy Swayne's
Peni, which is an lnfallible cure for
loht ta'es OF that annoying CON-
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
..The Doetor toId NE

to take a blue pill, but L didn't for had
ahea1y besn poisoned twice by mer.
curry. ! he druggist told me to try Kid
ney-Wort, aud / did. It las just the
thing for my bihousnes and conetipa-
IiOE, and now 1 am as we'll as eve" -
Torpid Kidneys and liver is the trouble,
ter which Kidney W ort Hlwavs proves
to bs tue otst remedy known.-HartJOrd
COurdnt
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
IAAls to sIssn I'm Hin Honun.

fJ Chambers and his family, who
the frame house on the lower
Of Second and Welsh stress. that
y most fro r the explosion at
ackson's fireworks factory, has
been unable to sleep IN his 6opss,
. so many holes were put Inlit BY
and bricks that he considers iC
Antable. he is compelled to seek
ts 10 neighbsr's houses to sleep
] Ilmss.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
BAY CITY. Mich, Feb. ., 1880.

L think it my dnty to send you re-
commend for tue benefit OF a0y person
wishing to knew whether Hop Bitters
are good or not. l know they are good
for 0enersl debility and indigestion;
strengthen the ervous -ystem and max.
new life. 1 T commend my patients to
use them.
DIR. A. PRATT.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
Personal

DIR. Samuel Marshall, the dentist,
is selling off his household goods,
preparatory to m owing toCallfornia.
His health has become bad and he
hopes to find relief in the Golden
State.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
Rooms FOB RENT.

Tie unple SAINT appearance tf even
the mt st amiable and intelligent face,
when overed with surface irritAtions as
from letter, pimples, of eczema can be
dissolved naturally by Dr.s Benson's
Skin Cure, an excellent toilet dressing.
It cures dandruff of the scalp.
Chas. N. CtittentaD, Fulton
street New York City, sole agent for
DR.. q. w. Bensoh's remedies, to whom
all orders should be addressed.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

Josh Billings says: "Next to clear
confidence for solid com fort cum AN old
shu. He probably never suffered wi b a
cough or cold: other wise he would have
re1e red 10 DR.. Bulls Cough syrup as be.
ing also good thing to secure relief and
CO InfOrt.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
KDring Term,

Is. McNair, A. NJ, announces by
Ar that BrandyWine Seminary,
be founded, will begin its
/ term In the rooms occupied by
three years at the Institute
kng.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

Lydia E. Pinkhsm's Vegt table Com.
pound has rapidly made its way to favor
among druggists, who have observed lis
etf-o on the health of their customer
Send to Mrs. LYDIA Il. PIpkham, 2ss
Western Avenue, Lynn, Mass, for pau.
phlots.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
AMUBEMENTs.
RI0E's suRPRIsE PARTY

On Saturday sfternoop, Rice's well
known Surprise Party, will appear In the
Opera House in the extravagauEs OF
"Evangellne." Iu the evening the same
oOmpa y will present the RrsAtelt of all
hurlssgues, "BAbt In the Wood !"
The repu' alton Of the company for
giving refined and elegant enteTta n
nentF, their brilliant successes in BC ston,
Chic 20, Phila ielphia, Now York and
San Francisco (playing in the last named
city Quo hundred and twelve nights),
and their p 'tronaEe by the elite of allthe
principal cities of the cOu ntry. is a ma
ter of record. Mr.. r co has always
br, ught oompanits of superior talent,
aud In tn 8 instance he will introduce q
piece as funny IN its way as anything
ever yet presented.
ROOMS FOB RENT.
On Monday evening next the Inn
| msnsely funny, su oessful, farcloal
COME dy Of "RO ms Tor Rent" will be
presented. IL will be pr ssnted here by
| the same company that made 1t such q
success in New York, Btston and other
large ciIi,s.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
A NeW Front

Nicholas Jenny is having the old
front Of the house on Front street,
near French, to u ont. The house
will be thoroughly oIerhauled, and
when the improvement Is completed,
will be fine three-story brick.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
Large sale 60 morrow

Or. Marshall Will sell his entire stock
of household goods at 8 a. m. 100 yards OF
brussels and ingram carpets, and great
variety of goods. Dental furniture, in
stIuments and dental tools at 2 D. m.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
DestruerIon OF aTheasre.
RRAnroRp. Pa. N

BRADFORD, "a, ID arch D.
Baum's Opera House at RichburR, N.
\, was totally destroyed by hra this
morning The lulliInR was a frame
strucl ure. owned by B. W. Baum & Son.
Loss $4,000.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
= -----l-
deetings Tonight
WEDNEsnAY-

Lodge, No. 3, l. o. OF.
slplon Lodge. No. ., X. OFF.
htal Lodge, No. l3, k. of p.
ping Star Division, No. 2, y. Oft,
hohV Lodge, No. S A. q. q. F
Council. y. f. A.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

|kRE are gloomy reports concern
u condition Of the line Of steam
hing between Philadelphia and
n. It is intimated that the en-
b is not paying or that it is Civ
small return on the investment
\ is not deemed advisable to con-
| It unless that all powerful Penn
bis panacea "a government porus
l in the shape Of . subNidy-
b applied.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
ERST EDITION.
Tslsgraphis summary

,.,,oreoce loOLlne to the II storA-
!, ulver to its place 10 the currency
,.,ious was held at the Matsion
. London, yeslerday....MacLean
,t,.mpted lo shoot Queen Victoria
IId.y lrst, has been Identified as q
who mquerted tie Vicinity OF
l.or Cattle last summer, and acted
|,u,DIciou. uannsr....M. Roustan'
svly..ppoIntsd French minister TO
|nt.i States, will bs detained In
M the middle OF Mny....Seven
I.,diu,s a.s TO be created al the
lchIne co, story at Rome....An
hean company, supported BY Gen.
ice, The United States minister TO
sv. sDdeavorIpg 10 obtain q cor
l from the SullaH for a railway In
,oylDce Of Bsgdad.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

Miss Lille Roach, who was accident
ally shot last Saturday night by Mr.Wil-
liam Berry at her fathers residence,
near Hopewell, Somerset county, Md,
ami who was brought to this city for
treatment, was yesterday In an imprOv-
ed condition. DR.. Z. McLane Tiffany,
her ply sicisn. will not attempt 10 ex-
tract the bal which Is n small one, ap-
pretending no trouble from It. Mise
r aoh will return home to-day. Mr..
Bsrry, who fred the shot, has been rs
- ased on $500 bail at Crisheld.-Balt.
Sun.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
Minister Lowell on the Coercion
Act. -L

LONDON, March 8.-Mr. Lowell,
United states Minister, replying to an
application made on behalf of American
citizens ARE sted in Ireland, says; The
coercion act is contrary to the spirit and
foundation Of the principles of both
English and Americas Jurisprudence, but
is the law of the lsni and controls all
persons domiciled in the proclaimed dis
tricts OF Ireland, whether British sub
iects or not. II is manifestly futile to
claim that naturalizsd citizens Of the
United States should be exempted from
the operation Ut the act.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
local TIME TABLE.
CORRECTED FEB. !, 1892
AIMS LEAVE WILMINGToN

II W A1IuII1NUIONs
Philadelphia 2.OO', 2.Sss, $50, s.5.,
IN SO. 9.Oe, 9.O9, 8.46, 1880, / .bs a,
tef m: l2.l5, l2.3Stt, 1853, 3.SO, 400,
f'F'o u 6.5s', 7.St, 9.5O', le.0Os p.
New Yerk-2. o., 2.3#, $40, e.b5.
= D, m. l2.3Stt. l.5s, slit, 6.sS'
Ilh1ailiImore-l.OO', l. l.42', IS ., 800. s.ss
IT, tM, vst I, 800, 6.57, li.OIs :. m.
IOo "oGsanhlington, ahi l.0y', l.42S, 4.5l#, s.OOs q.
-iSst. piSsit.iiofe and intermediate sta
Iins is.ois, S,s a. m. 100 500 o. M.
'hs ful ulniag both daily and Sum
ms 'unning only on Sunday.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
Sergeant MaAOn's Case.

WAsHINGToN, D. c., March SIT
is reported that Sergeant John Mason,
who was recently tried by court mar
tial for shooting at Guiteau, is likely
to be brought a second time before
court martial upon the charge Of in
sulting Surgeons Gibson and Reed, his
superior efticers, who in the course of
the late trial we're sent to his cell for
the purpose Of examining the wound
received bV him in the war.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

M DsiSSare : Y Railroad-e.OOs, 9.s5 a, M:
M, W o'L2 p. m. No Sunday trains,
harrington aud Intermediate sta.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

FAN" v a. m' 800, sos p. m. No sun
4 Delaware Western Railroad-1a 10
"'V p ih' No Sunday trains.
/, ns a ARRIVE AT WILMINGTON
=. .rhilladelphia-I.OOs, l.s2s 447s
b 95o q 80, $50, l0lOf, ii i.5s, i2.50 a m !.
|" 4 10 Il, 2.SOt, 2.6O, AIS, 4.b6' & 40
b. m. I'''' l'SSf, 1855, s.S5t, $50, iO.6ss,
4 . New York-l2.4s, 1929. 4..o.. 7.ss+
n, M a. m 1850, 1.Wtt, Ass, 6.1Sa,
p IB.ltlmore-i.5l.. 21s. sm ooo
~ l@8itt, l.5O, b.iis, 'e.SOa, S.4s!'
a r. WSSsssa,ngton-l.2i.. Y 2ls. a. m.
h ',M, as;, ,s o.ids, 6,SC', 8, 40" p. m,
N snly ually and Sunday.
sunday only.
62o5 o5Seia%are = '@s Railroads.&c., 9.s5+ a,
Wv QUO p. m. No sunday
'~ New Castle only.
e64s Ytei9mlinglon and Northern Rail
by lraips, ii'So a. M; 6.55 p. m, Nc
2i5 2i5is%are ga Western Railroads.&c.
''O + IN. No Sunday tiains.
", 's LEAVE FOR WILMINaToN
Ge-655a 655aalee7Broad 5a and washinsto,
80, So $50 a ''lo' 10 $40, lO.l5 a. m. j 80
m. '''ie-S'Ss' 0.2O, Il.4S a. m. AS
cI at atGGSlng Graig,. Wilmington that vii
lngton ays, . Ferry for Broad an,
30 D, n nnVehue-6.55, 800, 500. "a
'1''eo Express trains
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

i Wpo'.mlngton IN and Northern Rail-
.alne a. m' 800, sos p. m. No sun
5suaware IN y Western Railroad-ln 10
''' p m. No Sunday trains.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09

UTANTED.-A cook, white, good
w washer and ironer, and with ref
erence, at 100 E. Water street. mar2-Bt%
NOR RENT.-Four rooms over GA
zETTE office. Apply at 4l8 Market
styeeI mRT8-tf
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
!, 'ns a ARRIVE AT WILMINGTON

h2.O5, 55aSsre g ISs Railroads.&c., 9.s5+ a.
pm New Castle only.
The daily gazette., 1882-03-09
/. 9aiIg Sasstts.

wILMINGToE PosT.oTFIoE
RAp HsEooND-CLAss MATTEk'
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1882-12-23
LATEST DISPATCHES
HORRIBLE DOUBLE MUIR
DER IN BROOKLYN.
TWENTY FIVE PERSONS
KILLED BY A FALL
ING CAGE.
BOB INGERSOLL CALLED
TO ORDER BY THE
COURT.
THE KELLOGG -ACKL1N
CONTEST.
A NASTY POLITICAL MESS
THE KELLOGG -ACkLlN
CONTEST.
A NASTY POLITICAL MESS
FOrefathcrs' Day.

PLYMOUTH, Mass, Dec. l2.-Fore.
fathers Day is general holiday here.
It was ushered in by display of flags,
salutes and ringing of bells. The
Plymouth Band. the Standish Guards,
and Collingwooi Post, G. A. R..
marched to Pilgrim Hall, where
the invited guests were received.
The march was then resumed to the Rock
on which the pilgrims landed, where a
volley was fired by the military escort
and those pre- ent sang the hymn
America" Thence the procession
marched to the Church of the First
Parish which was filed to over
flowing. The exercises were begun by
deaconing, line by line, the hymn f" Let
Children Hear the Mighty Deeds Their
Sires Achieved OF Old" which was sung
to the tune of est. Martins by the
congregation. Other hymns appropri-
ate to the day were sung, andselections
from Scripture read. Rev. George
Tewksbury gave a historical address
upon the subject of the day. The ex-
ercises concluded with singing hymn
written by Governor Long for the occa-
sion. Upon the conclusion of the ser.
vices in the church, the procession
formed and marched to Davis Hall,
where plates were laid for large num-
Der of guests and where the further ex.
ercises of the day are now taking place.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1882-12-23
A Double Murder,

New YORK, Dec. 22.-Alexander
jefferson, negro, committed double
murder In Brooklyn last night and seri.
ously wounded two other persons. The
facts are these At l76 Buffalo avenue
resided Mrs. Emma jackson, an aged
colored woman, and her daughter An
nie, and Henry Hicks (colored). Celes-
tiai. brother of the murderer, loved
Annie. Jefferson was jealous of his
brother Celestial and Hicks. On sew
eral occasions he threatened to kill the
entire family. Last night he stealthily
approached the house and discharged
the contents of double barreled shot
gun through the window. The first
shot struck Hicks in the side, killing
MIN instantly. The second shot struck
Celestial and severely wounded him.
The murderer next cut Mrs. Jackson's
throat from ear to ear. causing lmme-
date death, and after severely cutting
Annie jackson in the breast escaped.