Daily Los Angeles herald., 1882-06-04

stirring, or by dashing i'll an ordinary
churn. The product at this point will
not bear diluting with water, and sepa-
rates or rises at once to the surface. On
continued churning the liquid finally
curdles and suddenly thickens to form
white and glistening butter,
perfectly homogeneous in texture, and
stable. The whole amount of both in
gradients solidities together, and there
is no whey or other residue. If, how
ever, the quantity of the mixture is
greater than can be kept in constant
agitation, portion of the oil is apt to
separate at the moment of emulsifica-
ton, and will require the addition of a
few ounces of milk and further churning
for its reduction. This kerosene butter
mixes readily with water, care being
taken to thin it first with small guam
tity of the liquid. The time required to
'bring the butter" varies with the tenn
perature. At CO. f., half to three
quarters of an hour; at 75', fifteen min
utes; and the process may be still fur
ther facilitated by heating the milk up
to, but not past, the boiling point.
Either fresh or sour milk may be used,
and the latter is even preferable. The
presence of kerosene does not prevent
or hinder the fermentation of the milk
on standing day or two the milk cur
dies, and although there is no separa.
ton of the oil, the emulsion thickens
and hardens and requires to be stirred
but not churned, until it regains its for
mer smoothness. Exposure to the air
not only permits the evaporation of the
oil, but also of the water necessary to
hold the oil in emulsion, and the kero-
sene slowly separates as the emulsion
dries up and hardens."
The churning can be done very salts
factorily through an ordinary force
pump, such as the well-known aquepult,
it being repeatedly forced from one YES
sci to another. If sour milk is used
there will be no further fermentation,
and when kept protected from the open
air in tight vessel, the butter endures |
for any length of time. The emulsion
may be made of any desired strength, as
the quantity of milk required to hold |
the oil does not exceed ten per cent. |
Emulsions containing over so per cent. |
OF oil are, however, not readily held in |
in water on account of their
light specific gravity. Yet those CON
tanning less than 80 per cent. of oil lose
value as insecticides as the oil loses |
some of its power in becoming emulsi-
fled, i'll other words, the killing power
OF a diluted emulsion depends not SO
much on the amount used as on the per-
centage of the oil contained in it. The |
results of Mr.. Hubbard's experiments,
which have been quite extensive, lead
him to recommend the following proper
tion for scale insects, though smaller
Of oil will doubtless answer
for more tender and unprotected insects:
refined kerosene . parts, sour milk |
part-in other words, twice as much |
kerosene as milk
Churn until the whole solidies and |
forms an ivory white, glistening butter,
as thick as ordinary butter at tempera-
ture of 10 f. If the temperature of the
air falls below TO-, warm the milk to
blood heat before adding the oil.
In applications for scale insects the
kerosene butter should be diluted with |
water from II to is times, or | pint of |
the butter to . gallons for chaff scales;
pint of butter to 2 gallons for long
scale. The diluted wash resembles milk, |
and if allowed to stand, in two or three
hours the emulsion rises as q cream to
the surface. The butter should, there
fore, be diluted only as needed for i'm
mediate use, and the mixture should be |
stirred from time to time. A wash pre-
pared in accordance with the above |
directions will kill with certainty all the |
coccids and their eggs under scales with |
which it can be brought into contact. No |
known will, however, re-
move the scales themselves from the |
tree, or in any way reveal to the unas-
sisted eye the condition of the insects |
within. This can be ascertained only |
by microscopic examination of detached |
scales. Time alone, and the condition of |
the reeitself, will indicate the result of an
Kerosene, it is true, loosens the scales |
from the bark, so that for time they
are readily brushed off, but they after
ward become more firmly adherent, and |
are very gradually removed by the ac
tion of the weather. Upon trees thickly |
large portion of the scales are
so completely covered up by the over
tapping of other scales, or the webbing
together of leaves by spiders and other
insects, that the wash cannot be brought |
into direct contact with them, and they |
are only reached, if at all, by the pene-
trating alton of the oil. This takes place
gradually, and the number of bark-lic
killed increases for some time after
an application, reaching the maximum,