Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1882-03-16
The fatn1 aud ;firtsiae.
HOW 20 MAKE DRAINS.


to do the wise thing by draining them the
coming season, may find some useful hints
with respect to the manner of doing it in the
following extract from an article in the Dram
age and Fd71e Journal: ,EEEtf.tE
The distance between drains must be deter
mined by the nature of the soil, their depth
and the amount of fall. A loose, porous soil
will permit water to reach the drains for a
long distance, while a tough, compact clay is
almost imperviOus to water, and requires the
drains to be made much nearer. In a black,
loose soil, drains at a depth of four feet are
sufficient at distance of ten rods apart, but
if the land is hard or stiff clay, to drain it
thoroughly the distance apart should be from
four to six rods.
But few persons in this part of the country
realize the great advantage that deep drains
have over shallow ones. In my extensive ac-
quaintance in this and adjoining counties
among drainers, know of but few that drain
to a depth averaging over one and half
to three feet. Farmers pay rent on their land
all the way down land on wet lands it often
amounts to rent), yet they never get any ag-
ricultural benefit from it any deeper than they
drain, but they do get benefit that deep, even
if it is eight feet in fact, an orchard or vine
yard should not be drained less than that
depth. The time is probably not far distant
when such shallow drains will be taken up,
and put down again at a proper depth. Per-
sons often say that it costs too much to drain
deep, when the fact is the cost is less. For
instance, it would cost but very little more to
dig two drains to the depth of two and half
feet, and the two deep drains will drain fully
as much land as the three shallow, and will
save the expense of the third line of tile. But
the depth of drains is not always matter of
choice, as very often the outlet is not sufficient,
and have frequently noticed that persons
are extremely contrary about giving their
neighbors above them All outlet, and some
times spend more time and money in lawing
about it than would do the whole work, be-
sides creating bad feeling. In making All i'm
prpvement Of this kind, that is to last for all
time to come, il is much better to secure a
good outlet in the first place, if it does cost
something, more especially if the land is flat
and you have but little fall but in all cases it
is best to have good outlet, so that the
water will fall from six to twelve inches when
it leaves the tile.
OvERFEEDING.-Over al animal
says correspondent of the New York Weekly
Times, is worse in it's effects than spare diet
A great many more young animals are check,
ed in their growth, and otherwise injured, by
overfeeding than by a deficiency of food. In
illustration of this statement, he tells the fol-
lowing story of his own experience -
A rather opinionated and wilful hired man
who required the closest wathing in feeding
the stock, in defiance of strict orders, gave
some young Berkshire pigs some cotton seed
meal in their feed, in the expectation that it
would help them grow. Their feed had been
SKINNED milk, with quart OF wheat mid
| dlings to the pailful Considerable more cot.
ton seed meal was added to the feed during
my absence f1om home for day and a night.
and on my return the next day two Of the
young pigs were taken with convulsiOns and
severe spasms. They died the next day, when
two more were taken, and soon after two
more. The whole six died in the same way.
First they slowly turned around and around,
then stood with the head in corner and press
ed against the wall or yard fence the jaws
were chopped together, and they foamed at
the mouth. After a few hours they lay upon
their sides and struggled violently with the
legs until they died. A dose of lard oil allaY.
ed the symptoms for time, and had it been
given at the first, would probably have saved
them On opening them the lungs were found
congested and very red in patches, and the
| brain, also, was much congested, the blood
vessels being dark blue. The stomach and in
testines were filled with cotton seed meal, the
milk having been digested. So short case OF
Indigestion, or stomach staggers, as it is pop.
| ularly called, is rare but the pigs were but
two months old, and had probably been misfed
previously.
eDuRRA I'VE desire to call the. attention Of
the farmers of the country to this important
species Of forage. This plant was grown last
year by Mr.. N G. B. Chafee who pronounces
| it superior to anything he knows of in the
way of forage for any kind of stock. He says
that he planted one-haf an acre in Durra, and
fed eight head of mules on it from the 10Th OF
June to the 18th of November. Durra grows
from eight to ten feet high and yields al abun-
! dance of grayish green foliage which is greatly
| relished by stock. The culture very simple.
When it is grown for the grain, it should be
planted in hills and given plenty of room; the
space given to common corn is not too much.
! For fodder, sow in drills from two to three
| feet apart, dropping the seeds three or four
| inches apart in the drill when six OF eight
inches high, thin out eight or nine inches
apart, and when it has attained the height OF
four or five feet, it may be cut for forage which
can be repeated every third or fourth week an-
til frost.
The Importance to farmers of procuring
some other kind of forage beside common fod-
der to feed to their stock is self-apparent, and
we hope to see Dura grown in every section OF
the country.-Lancaster Is. c. Rerlew
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CHICKEN SALAD.-The white meat of a
chicken; the weight in celery; the yolk OF
one raw egg and one hard boiled a teaspoon.
full of salt {; the same of pepper; half tea.
spoonful of mustard; a tablespoonful of salad
oil one of white wine vinegar one teaspoon
full extract of celery. Take the white meat
of chicken, boiled, cut it small or mince it
fine; take the same quantity, or more OF
white tender celery cut small, and mix the
chicken and celery together an hour or two
before it is wanted, then add the dressing
made thus: Break the yolk of a hard boiled
egg very fine with silver fork, add to it the
yolk of raw egg, and the pepper and salt,
with half teaspoOnful OF made mustard,
work all smoothly together, adding gradually
tablespoonful of salad oil, and the same OF
white wine vinegar. Mix the chicken with
the dressing, pile it up i'll the dish, and spread
some of the dressing over the outside. Gar
nish with the delicate leaves of the celery, the
white>of the egg cut into rings, green pickles
cut in slices, picked beet root in slices and
stars, and placed alternately with the rings
of egg and the leaves.
| Cows IN MILK.-In many countries, says
the Agricultrul Gazette, part of all the field
work is done by cows, and if these cannot be
we'll cared for, or if they are over worked, the
flow of milk is Immediately more OF less di-
minished. On the other side, the advantage
of moderate exercise for the COWS ought not
to be underrated. Cows want exercise and
fresh air as we'll as other animals, and how
often do they get little or nothing Of either
How can we expect COW to be healthy if she is