Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1882-06-28


are worn of aDl the whole slrface il
polished up. %: the general outline is not
changed, Il is the same stone still, With
81 is general defects. though 4 li-tle
more symmetrical on is face.
The wonderful improvement 10 the
vavs. means AMI products Of dairy hls-
oaul-y during the last decz.,s or tao has
been .C-e,y, indeed. I think /. NAV safely
be sail mainly, brought about by these
very means. however, aud ] a.lIie 10 It
here. not il depreciation Of the means
heretofore employed, bu: TO csll attention
more particularly 70 the Circumstance
that 4 turning point in the methods OF
invest CATION and improvement has been
reached, aud thl; they are becoming more
searching and positive in their character.
The comparison OF methods aud the cut
and try method of i'm provement Is giving
place TO the study Of principles. Instead
Of the old scribe rule we have the square
rule 70 work BY.
In 10 department Of productive industry
has there been heretofore such extreme
and contradictory methods anu such divers
means employed for the accomplishment
OF the same purpose as il that Of dAirying.
This is due largely to the complex nature
of milk and the prevailing ignorance Of
the Influences which affect the several
portions OF il in their relations 10 one
another. But it is due even more largely
10 the almost universal habit among prac-
teal men OF jumping AZ erroneous con-
illusions from the most superficial appear
ances. Men generally suppose that the
best evidence they can have in regard to
suy matter is to see it for themselves
That would undoubtedly be the case if
they really saw what they think they see;
but the cases where men deceive them
selves or permit themselves to be deceived
by their own superficial habit Of observs-
ton are by no means so rare as is general
y supposed. Said man one day: That
IS the best cow in my yard" How do
you know?n was the response. oh"
said he, she shows a per cent Of cream
il the cream gusge aud I have not an.
other that shows over is per cent But
do you know that the Il per cent Of cream
from that cow pointing to another. will
/ not make twice as mucn butter as the "a
/ PER cent from this" " Well, no; never
| thought OF that
/ /: was suggested tina. de should try the
. experiment Of setting the milk Of the
/ two cows separately for week aud churn
( the cream separately as test Of the rela-
/ tive value Of TIE cows. That experiment
showed the "oest COW" to be in fact
f practically worthless for butter making,
though i. is no. impossible out she may
have been first. class cheese COW. SIZE
certainly was 4 good COW for the street
milk man. might preseu: ia this con-
3 -aCsTov, eL-lr ~ \ III n Nra tilu. all -
( this particular line, however, OF the man
ner in which diirymen allow themselves
/ % be sold BY their own eyes. Some ines
again they are not deceived so much bv
their own ewes as BY the voluojlity Of
some fellow who has something 10 sell
them and does not care Z rush whether he
tell. the truth or MOI, provide he effects q
sale. B1. their eyes do not protect them
from the grossest imposition which Is
much the same thing. One OF these
fellows drove i1to my yard one day and
wanted 10 show me bis new milk setting
apparatus. Of course | WAS interested
a1i let Tin spreai himself, He under
STOOD his lesson as well a subscription
/ book agent, and would not De interrupted
4 6y questions, but he made twenty state
/ ments thS; any boy OF a dozen years who
lad read an elementary treatise 90 natural
/ philosophy ought to know could not De
. correct. But l know more than forty
farmers BY name who took the bait and
swallowed il, hook AMI all. The amount
OF money wasted every year by dairymen
n tl-cy apparatus which Al i, telligeut
study Q: the requirements OF their bust.
ness would have deferred them from buy.
iug /. simply enormous. But the time has
come when dairvmeu must study for
themselves the principles and economies
Of their business or 90 to the wall,
BIT 70 return TO ny subject
Perhaps the mos. familiar instance Of
disne.ricaily opposite practices for the
4 accomplishment Of the same purpose in
dair7iug is the direreu: methods OF setting
milk for cream. OF oil /: was supposed
/ that cream would rise only when the milk
/ was spread out at = very small depth
I Probably one Of the most extensive and
thorough series Of experiments relating to
dairy practice ever conducted was to de-
teCmire the most economical depth for
setting milk.
/ The Old style common milk pan was
used and in it the largest amour: Of butter
/ from any given amount Of milk was
prod 1ced when the milk was set but one
inch and half deep. Without stopping
1 - inquire whether there might not be
circumstances which would vary this re
suit il was considered established that An
/ inch aud half was the best depth for
/ setting milk. But subsequently it wss
accidentally discovered that milk L milk
mems closed cans. packed away in ice or
+ ice cold water to keep it for future use,
would raise more cream than when set
shallow at the ordinary TEN perature; and
( deep setting without limitation othe. than
+ Temperature wa. at once mounted as a
hobby and rode violently for a period
/ Naturally enough there WAS drifting
away from the use Of the milk mans r a.
row can to tue more common pail in the
use Of which after while Il was discoy.
! cred lhs, there was 4 considerable loss Of
butter.
! Up to this time the question had never
/ been asked whether It made more or less
butte. The first man 10 sqspec: that
there was something wroug was one who
sad made tub of butter once in so many
DAYS oy the old method and he could not
10 it by the new. Il WAS taken for granted
that more cream meant more butter and
no questions were asked
I Tnereupon arose = fierce coates. over
the'relati7e merits of the Two methods Of
settiuE Hundreds Of loose and worthless
experiments were made, Just about az
many proving one thing as the other.
At this juncture N individual who had
never made al experiment himself, but
had gathered up and oollated the reports
OF all those made by others that he could
get hold Of, came to the conclusion that
there must be big screw loose some-
wlera Resolved to 70 to the bottom OF
the mater and ind it, he began at once
IN elaborate series Of tests rather than
experiments to determine precisely all the
facts bearing upon the case. Every lead
discovered was followed to the end at
whatever expense or labor, may not
stop to give the history Of the transaction
10 detail It is sufficient for cur present
I purpose to state that many entirely new
discoveries were made in regard to the
effects which attend the cooling and heat
ing Of milk under various circumstances.
Every form OF vessel known 70 the bust.
ness was tested and many different forms
l., L., 4 g.