The Hawaiian gazette., 1882-09-20

II the proportions Of phosphate of line. pot /
ASA and line be increased the yield remains the
sanie, no more no less. On the other hand, By |
raising the proportion OF nitrogen frotn 6Slb TO
sob ths crop IS increased FROM b to 20 tons
Shoald the proportion Of nitrogen be still greater,
IlIlb for instance, VIC gather a. tons Of beots.
.. But, IN balancing accounts IS there any profit
IN 50 increasing the proportion OF nitrogen!
4. lhe advantage is great
Q. Could you prove II by means OF hguress
4. With the manure holding 6Slb Of nitrogen We
obtain 81 tons Of bets, and a. tons with Q pro
portion Of lib OF nitrogen Therefore, vlth an
increase OF about 54lb OF uitrocen, value SIS ve
obtain on ovorpus OF 81 tons OF bets, tho value
Of which is g LIS per acre.
Phosphate Of lime is composition Of phos-
rhoric acid and lime, and plays a very prom
trent part in agriculture. One hundred pounds
Of the ash Of wheat contains so per cent,
barley 30, oats 60, rye 80, maize 50, beans 10,
turnips 20, the fruit OF the orange IS and the
roots and plant g., in the apple 20. Its value
as o manure Is known all over the world, and
when VIC notice the large percentage con-
tanned in our daily food, the importance Of
It az q constituent in the soil is ample proof
that 1t mist be there for the plant, as it can
not be obtained from tho air. Phusphorio acid
Is q constituent Of the brain and nerves, the
alkaline phosphAies and alkaline esrth exist
| IN the Aesh Of all animals, and warm blooded
,uimsl without bones q. c. phosphate Of lime
is incUuceivable 10 Us Tea-lcaves, OF which
We make So much nse in infusion, contain Il
i ter cent. Of phosphate acid. According 10
The writings Of Professor Geo. Vile, who
spen; 80 years Of comparative experiments
| conducted IT the field and in the laboratory
/ md checking each other, whose writings upon
/ ,griculture value moro than any other author
| | have read, asserts, thst without phosphate
Rgrn
iebeE ganuther great authority upon agri-
| culture states that were It possible FOR 4
plant 10 grow, flower and bear seeds without
| he cooperation Of mineral matters, II would
/ be utterly valleless 10 man and animals. ,
| Phosphate Of lime may be obtained in several
ways-iu hone dust, and super phosphate Of
iime-the former al rs per Ton, and the latter
Il IS, and slso in guauo. Bone dust should
-ontain fully so per cent Of phosphate Of lime,
and am afraid if several Of the samples now
sold in this colony were analysed they would
hardly be found 10 contain oue-half.
sumo manufacturers boil the bones 10 soften
them for grinding, and save the liquor 70 pour
up1u the boue-dust This liquor rspidly de-
| opposes, and enliis a strung smell, which ma
lerially assists tie sale Of il 10 the unsuspect-
M farmer. who little thinks that when lie
.uplies II 10 the sill the ammonia contained IN
This liouor goes of in the air. / have heard On
very good authority Of . bone-dust msnufac-
urer mixing his bune-dust with gas lime. No
.loubi very profitable TO him but quite The re-
verss 10 the buyer, as gas lime is worth about
] s per ton, while bJne-dusi al the iCwestis s..
superphosphaic Of lime q. e., bones digested
| by sulphuric acid) is far preferable 10 bone
lust Is q manure, because It contains about 10
| per cent. Of soluble phosphate, while BONG
| dust might only contain from 5 10 10 per cent
A piece Of bune weighing o.. IN cubic fooi
.,i earth produces NJ marked effect on It's ier-
dliiv. But if ,lIis ounce Of bone is converted
INTO superuhUsplale Of limo and informally
distributed through tho earth il will suffice to
flourish so wheat plants. From JOhnston's
Agricultural Chemistry" learn skai while
bushels Uf bone dust gave 10 tons Of tur-
ups 10 the acre, eight bushels dissolved 10y
>ulphuric acid gave ISL tons Mr.. !. B. Lawes,
ii Ro,hampsiead, III England, grew tuuips on
lie same land for nine years, using phosphate
nf Inns alone, and in the niuth year gathered
IsT cvt. per acre To further demonstrate it.
value, will aEain quote FROM Professor Vile:
Q. What YOU have said about beeis j. also true
II regard 70 other plants, Is II not.
A. Il is perfectly true, and hare Is another proof
Per acre.
s a .
citrate Of Potzssa. -l7slb
Sulpbate Of lIme........... .S5Ilb
U which the nitrogen amounts 10 2ilb, there has
gesu obtained at the GuadslouPe 81 tons OF sugar
By rsi isfs tho proportion Of tho phosphate Of
iue from s57lb 10 ssh, the yield went Up from
81 tons 70 6 tons Of sugar cane. Therefore, with
Al additional quantity Of 7sb Of phosphate Of lime,
prica los ii, the ovsrpus Of the crop vas such as
% amount 70 81 l5s per acre.
roTAsH
l. the principal mineral constituent OF the po-
taio, pea, bc5n, and especially Of the orange.
1t forms large proportion Of the mineral con-
stitueuis Of nearly al plants and tres. l000lb
1f the ash Of the grain Of wheat contain 237lb,
oats 262lb, maize Ssh, with soda. beans
3S6lb, turnips 4lelb, potatoes 557lb, and The
orange S50lb, and by crop Of potatoes Of 10
tous 70 the acre lillb Vi potash, 3llb phos-
phoric acid, and many oiucr minerals are thus
extracted, never TO be returned The soil,
nevertheless, contains a very large quantity Of
this article but very little Of it is IN soluble
statc1 and by manurng with farm-yard manure
per cent. Of potash is returned 10 the soil, By
J0no-dusi rot mere than ? per cent. and by
Peruvian guano about , per cent, if the article
is genuine. The substances richest in potash
are sulphste Of potash is sulph. acid, ll2
p0.sshl, silicate Of potash tone part silica,
two parts potash), nitrate OF potash (53 nit.
acid, ie pOtash); also, wood ashes, brewers
grains, urine Of breeding stock, leaves Of for l
est trees, and also Of under scrub.
PARNYARD ,tAyURE.
For lis nitrogen phosPlIates, potash and lime, 4
is Of very little value, and, beng Of such I.
balky nature, and its composition SO invariable, /
and also the trouble Of incorporating it with |
the sail, tie game is hardly worth the candle 1
70 cart Is on 10 the land, and compared with
chemical manuros Professor Vile speaks Of ii: I
There l. the sane diTersnos between tho CON-
pieiC manure exclusively formed Of chemical pro
drcts, and the farm-yard ulauuru Gs there IS be- 4
tvoln metal and its orc, OF pnro quiuino and tho
bark IRON which Il j. extracted The orc contains
thc metal mixed with carthy matters; and the 4
cinchoua bark holds quinine amid quantity Of |
worthless hgusOus substances The chemical man
uro Is a manure without ussless materials.
If the soil Is deficient III ammonia, 1t requires /
18Th 81 farm-yard manure for lib Of ammonia.
If deficient in phosphate Of lime or Of potash
] OLD are required TO furnish even III. It's
value as compared with other man
urcs is as follows :-le0lb farm-yard manure
- l6 liquid czcrements Of tho horse, dry
flesh, Is liquid blood, dry blood, horn shaw
iugs ;, CT dry wooilen rags ~. 2slb chem
cal manure II ton farin-yari. One great
sbieciion 10 the latter is tina; by its use you
all varieties Of weeds and grasses.
CHEMICAL NANUREs
Ar- mixture Of substances, containing all