Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1882-09-28
Jhe farm aud ;fireside,

see farmers working their horses to wagons,
plows or carts, with harness so ill-6tting, tat
tered and patched, that the sight at once
elicits pity from any human person? Fol
such neglect, there is no excuse, as the cost OF
harness necessary for plowing is so small that
| only the most careless and slovenly farmer
has any excuseto offer. Wagon and cart har'
ness are more elaborate and complicated, yet
even they are simple enough to be manufac-
tured at home, if certain portions are pur'
chased at the saddler's, such asbuckles, rings,
traces and names. Collars, best suited tc oul
Southern climate, are made of shucks these
are easily procured, there being many persons
in every neighborbood who are very adept in
! making them, and when made to fit, are smooth,
and with them the shoulders never become
chafed, and being so cheap can be replaced as
often as necessary.
Nothing betokens poor, improvident far
mer sooner than slouchy harness, to say moth
ing of the damage they intlict on the poor
dumb brutes. When an animal is required
to labor, the owner should compare his case to
theirs. For instance how would a nan like to
follow plow all day with shoes which pinch.
ed his feet, or which had 4 rock in them
Yet he would not suffer any more than the
animal with collar too small, or a back-band
which CALLED his back, or one trace shorter
/ than the other; but unfortunately there are
too many who apparently care nothing fol
these details, though in attending to them de-
pends in great degree their success.
On well regulated farms there is attached to
each barn or stable harness room, where af'
ter being used, the harness is carefully hung
upon pegs, there to remain until wanted
when rainy day comes, then it is overhauled
mended and oiled. BY this means, they not
only last longer, but are more comfortable fol
the horses, and are proofs of a thrifty manage
ment. When harness is purchased complete
cheapneSS is not always a wise consideration
because good set made of well tanned leath-
er, properly put together, will in careful hands
outlast two or three of the timSy made ones
Southern Industries.
PROF ARNOLD ON NCREAM-GATIERING.-
The practice of gathering cream instead OF
milk has become quite common in some Sec
tiOns of the Western States, and has been the
subject of considerable discussion, just as all
innovations on old customs have been. The
system has points of excellence and its de-
fects. 1t has special advantages in a sparsely
settled country, because it allows of a much
wider range of transportation than milk
When carried in the vessel in common use,
milk cannot be carried far. nor much agitated
without becoming affected to the injury of the
butter made from it. If long exposed to the
temperature of the Summer air it sOurs, and
the separation of it's cream becomes impossible
If it becomes far advanced towards souring
but is not actually acid, it will be liable to
become so before all the cream can be Sepa
ted and loss will ensue. Then again if much
agtated on the way, it will be churned tO
| ovfo IN iCiI hntt nv
giving it greasy texture, if it does not actu.
ally produce butter in the carrying can. Fur.
ther, cream rises and most perfectly while the
cream is fresh and new. To take the benefit
of this popularity, it is necessary to get the
milk to the creamery without much delay.
This necessitates short routes and carrying
twice day Cream on the other hand, when
once separated, can be carried long distances
with comparative safety. If it sours it will
not be spoiled for butter making. Souring
is thought to be an advantage by some. The
writer does not share in this opinion, but many
people hold to it tenaciously. Neither will
it be spoiled if it becomes partially churned on
the way. But premature churning is. easily
avoided in the case of cream by having the
carrying cans small at the top, and then filled
exactly full. In this way churning while on
the road can be effectually prevented, even on
very long journeys.
The cost Of drawing cream is but one tenth
that of drawing milk, for, in the first place,
only one-ffth of the milk is taken as cream,
and then it is moved but once a day instead of
twice, besides a great decrease in travel and
investment of teams.
UNDERDRAINING.-Th very low condition
of the springs and water courses at the present
| time affords favorable opportunity for MAX
| ing and repairing drains. The labor and ex-
pense is much less than many persons would
suppose and will in many cases not exceed
thirty dollars per acre for a good, permanent
job and when it is considered that land thus
reclaimed is usually far the best land whether
for grass or other crops, it will be seen that a
little enterprise in this direction will often pay
better than cleaning up very stony land or
tilling that which is naturally very poor.
The outlet for good work should be three or
four feet below the surface four feet is none
too deep if it can be easily obtained; the
drains should be thirty or forty feet apart in
clay land, but in peat or gravel may be fifty
or sixty feet. Tiles are the best and most sat
isfactory material, and cost only about two
cents per foot for the two inch size, which is
large enough for side drains. But if tiles are
not easily had, or the expense would be an
objection, very good work can be done with
stones except in a quicksand bottom, which
is hard to manage atbest. The difficulty with
stone drains is that the sand and mud is more
likely to work into the water passage and
stop the flow Of water to avoid this, lay the
stones with continuous open passage for the
water, and cover with small stones and then
cover with coarse gravel, so as to filter the mud
and water before it enters the drain. When
it is desired to introduce surface water into
the drains, it may be safely done by digging a
small well a foot or two lower than the drain,
in which the surface water will settle and de-
posit its mud before entering the drain.
Where there is good descent and hard bottom,
there will be but little trouble, the difficulty
will be in soft places with but little declivity.
New England Furmer.
GREEN RYE AS FoDDER.-In regard to the
actual value of green rye as fodder the past
season, the following facts may he considered,
rs given by writer in the Times: Seven young
COWS having calyes from two to six months old,
and having no distinguishing circumstances
by which change Of feed should fail to act
upon the product of milk and butter with one
more than another, had been fed for some time
upon fifteen pounds of mixed clover and timo-
thy hay and common meadow hay mixed, cut,
wetted and mixed with ten pounds of mixed
corn-meal and wheat middlings three times
daily. The yield had been very regularly 112
pounds of milk per day and forty EIGHT pounds
of butter weekly from the whole seven COWS.
The rye became ready for cutting on the 10th
of May, when the first heads began to appear
The daily ration was sixty pounds, part cut
and wetted and mixed with the meal as before,
and part fed whole, but all was eaten up clean.
The second week after feeding the rye the
yield of milk was 1GS pounds per day and the
weekly make of butter increased to sixty-five