The Vancouver independent. (Vancouver, W.T. [Wash.]) 1875-1910, 1882-08-10

| 4
| From 639 to 1917 Egypt was lated
by the independent Moslern Princes.
From 1917 to 1911 the country wss
under the absolute control of lur-
key. After the French. and English
complications of the Arst Napoleon's
time, Mehemit Ali was3appointed
Governor. The Beys febelIed against
him, but after u series of wfrs he be-
came virtual master of the country.
After long conflict with Turkey he
secured the recognition of his dynasty
from the Sultan, the FIVE great pow
ers Of Euprope guaranteeing the
succession and fulfillment of condi-
tions on the part of Turkey.
In this way Egypt came into Euro
pean politics as the ward of the ma
tions, the powers all hsving IN inter-
est in the conduct of her tSGAirs. In
1866 the Sultan gave ehe ruler, Of
Egypt the title of King qf ,Khedive,
and in 1873 granted tn the Khedivc
(ls,nail ~ the right to conclude tres-
ties with foreign powers andt to main
tain armies. 4 -
This made the Khedive virtually
independent, and he proceeded to
inaugurate grand system Of public
improvements. His not well-directed
enthusiasm ended in the distress Of
his people and the bankruptcy of
the country, aud in 1879, after there
had been years of reckless expendi-
ture and loose management. England
aud France interfered under a clause
of the guarantee of 1841, compelled
Ismail l. to abdicate, put Mohain-
med Tewfk, the present Khedive, on
the throne, and placed the admins
tration of affairs under the supervis-
ion of two Controllers General, rep
resenting the two European govern-
ments. In 1880 the Khediva. ap..
j ipointed an International Commis-
sion of Liquidation to examine the
financial situation of Egypt and
framing law regulating the rela-
tion between Egypt and her creditors.
| Both of these steps were taken
with the consent of all the guaran-
teeing, powers, and for Cine it
seemed that the Controllers General
would carry out without difficulty
many needed reforms. A great deal
was accomplished, but the European
methods, while they admittedly made
the condition of the people better,
excited the prejudice of the Arabs,
or Mohammedaus, and this dissatis-
faction was encouraged .by.thr Turk
ish emissaries.
Among the younger men Of the
Mohammedan party was Arabi Bey,
who, after an adventurous career III
the army, became Minister of War.
He was from the first dissatisfied
with European management in Egypt
and through his influence there was
established the Chamber of Notables.
This is composed of rs chiefs or lead
ers chosen from among the wealthier
natives, and its establishment was
proclaimed as the first step'toward
constitutional government, the claim.
ants ignoring the fact that the Board
of Control had given the country the
| first senblance of constitutional gov
ernment it had experienced.
The Chamber of Notablss, selected
by the army, or under the influence
| OF the irlny, became the creature Of
the War Minister, and sosn came in
|conflict with the Khedive aud the
Controllers General. This conflict
ripened into open rebellion on the
| part Of Arsbi's followers, and the
khediye was held for . time virtu-
ally = prisoner.
| Enxlsnd and France primarily, and
Germany, Austria and Russia IN an
| incidental way, were under obliga-
tions 70 stand BY the Khedive end
the CONTROLLER General, and very
ssrly In tAe sgitssion Englsud ,nsds
the damand thst Arabi Boy - ~
tired and the seMtu quo pe-sstehlehed.
| The Khedive vas poworleoA and
could not comply with de denAnd.
1 11urkey put forward ~ slain = ~
tsrveue Il such caase under Old trea-
tien, and nsgoslasi0no Qese openet
making she mssesr q sstaleusns :
European question.. u tho nenos
ns.-.x~ - ~ u1>uA orno A&N01noun1n t*<n