Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1882-10-14
NOTES FOB MscHAn1cs AND ARTISANS


It is proposed to build an underground
railroad in Paris. The cost of it's construe
ton is put at $50, 900, 600.
A good rivet, cold, should bend double
without breaking. The head should fatter
out, when hammered hot, to one.eighth o.
an inch thick without frayipg at the edge
or breaking. Boiler plates should bt
csulked with a convex tool.
For general purposes of lubrication, sperm
oil answers best; next, winter. strained laro
oil. For high speed and heavy pressurt
add finest air.foated plumbago Graphite
black lead). For cooling heated journals
use flour of sulphur and olive oil. For cur
ing badly scored journals, use lead filings
Metals, and especially steel, brought tc
cherry.red heat and strongly compressed
the pressure being continued until the
mass is perfectly cold, are said to acquire
an excessive hardness, and striking fine
ness of grain. Steel thus treated acquires
coercive force which enables it to become
magnetic. The durability of this property
requires to be studied.
One can have the hands in soapsud:
with soft soap without injury to the Skin
tbs hands are dipped in vinegar OF
emon juice Immediately after. The acids
destroy the corrosive effects of the aikal
and makes the hands soft and white. In
dian meal and vinegar or lemon juice used
on the hands when roughened by cold oil
labor, will heal and soften them. Rub ths
hands in this, then wash off thoroughly
and rub in glycerine. Those who suffer
oh do ,nt ha ,nta will n
this comforting.
1t is well known that screws when useG
in soft wood are usually driven in with ;
hammer, and given a turn or two with /;
screw driver TO bring them flush. Recog
nizing this fact, manufacturer has brought
out new screw which is adapted for driv
ing, and which enters the wood without
tearing the grain. The gimlet point is dis
pensed with and cone point substituted
The thread has a pitch that it drives il
barb fashion, Offering no resistance IN enter
ing, but firmly resisting all attempts tt
withdraw it except by turning it with {
screw. driver.
The following is the rule to find thu
weight necessary to put on a safety-valvt
lever when the area of valve, pressure
valve by the pressure in pounds per square
inch multiply this product by the distance
of the valve from the fulcrum multiply
the weight of the lever by one-half its
length Tor its center of gravity); then null.
tiply the weight of valve and stem by their
distance from the fulcrun add these last
two products together, and subtract their
sum from the first product, and divide the
remainder by the length of the lever-the
quotient will be the weight required.
The Pittsburg Chronicle says that the
first railroad engine built in this country
was of one horse power, had a three-and a.
half inch cylinder, and a fourteen-inch
stroke, while the boiler which generated
the steam was about the size OF an ordinary
wash boiler, stood upright, and was, in
fact, a multi. tubular boiler. To secure the
requisite pressure of steam to drive TIE
machine : small bellows arrangement was
provided, which was kept in action By
means of belt running over driver, and
the latter was kept revolving by a cord
running on the wheels. Tue wheels OF
this locomotive were two and one.half feet
in diameter and were geered to the engine
with cogs. The engine could pull a car
'oau vi P"saSIi5Si9 az VIC Lave VI S"ClfS
miles an hour.
Light nickel plating may, it is said, be
effected by boiling. DR.. r. Kaiser pre-.
pares bath of pure granulated tin. argols,
and water, heats it TO boiling, and then
adds a small quantity of red-hos nickel
oxide. A portion of the nickel, as is shown
by the green color which the solution as
sumes-thas is, above the grains Of tins
Immediately dissolved. If a copper or
brass article is now immersed in the solu-
ton it almost instantly becomes covered
with a silver-like coating of almost pure
nickel. If little cobalt carbonate or CO.
bait tartrate be added to the bath blush
tint is produced which may be made lighter
or darker according to the quantity added.
When the article is rubbed with dry saw
dust or finely powdered chalk very bril-
liant polish is obtained.
Cast.iron pipes are now being made to
receive the underground telegraph cable
which in few months will put Paris in
direct communication with Marseilles One
hundred and fifty navvies are engaged in
this work, which is being prosecuted from
both ends along the right bank of the
Rhone. and following the main roads The
pipes are laid at depth of more than a
meter and a half, and chambers for facili-
Eating repairs are arranged about every 500
meters they are described as representing
large cast iron caldrons with covers, and
having apertures for receiving the ends of
the two pipes which they connect. Every
l20 meters the pipes are united by cast
iron couplings, which will also permit of
inspecting and repairing the cable and the
joint between each pipe is made with an
India-rubber washer or lead collar.
Three processes connected with the or
namentation Ct glass, the Journal Of the
Society of Arts reports, were lately brought
before the Sociste de Encouragement,
Paris. NJ. Cacault, of Colonies, prints on
the fine and hard earthenware of Creil pho
tographic impressions which are fixed at a
single burning. NJ. Lacroix, of Paris, has
produced pencils like those of p,umbago,
but consisting of various vitrifable colors
A design executed with them on glass hav-
ing the surface slightly dulled stands the
fire and becomes fixed like painting on
glass. A similar process tried few years
ago on porcelain is said TO have been sue.
cessful. Lutz Knechtle, a Swiss, decora-
ted glass (cold) by his composition of sill
cate OF soda or potassium, with the addi-
ton of zinc-white or ultramarine. The
coiors are applied by means of stamp or
roller; they dry quickly and they stand
washing.
An electric spark from belt is sufficient
to fire mill dust or cotton tlyings when the
conditions are just right. All that is
needed is that the dust or lint be disturbed
by wind and so separated that one atom
may be fired singly. The ignition OF one
atom when surrounded by air causes it to
explode, and creates heat enough to ignite
and explode the next, and this operation
repeated with great rapidity, goes through
out the cloud, and flame Tor explosion, if
the dusty air be confined), is the almost in
Simultaneous result. So long as the dust
remains solid in a mass on the ground il
will only burn slowly, the fire creeping
gradually through it. In this condition the
combustion is not nearly so rapid as in
shavings, but disturb the air, blow the
dust into a cloud, separate the atoms, and
when there is just dust enough and air
enough in given area, apply the fame and
the giant powder which you let loose is
able TO PROSTATE a stone mill in an instant.
The advisability of the technical or work
instruction in public schools is being ad-
vocated quite extensively though individu-
ally in different States of the Union, and
there can be but little doubt that before
long concentrated action will be taken to
bring about this desirable end. The
principal evil from which the public
schools suffer is that the memory of the