The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-11-19

SUCCESSFUL. though the principles on which IL
was founded were not scrupulously carried
out. One OF the ways In which the planters
violated their agreements with the Crown Is
Interesting because II gave rise to what has
since been known us the Ulster custom. The
planters 1t seems, would often refuse or neg
lect to give definite leases OF twenty-one
years to their Scotch and English tenants and
many Of these who had been induced on
promise Of II lcnso to spend money on their
farms. Withdrew In disgust and sold their in
tcrcst in tho holdings and the improvements
they had made TO tho natives, who were eager
to get back upon the soil ut any price. These
practices were winked at by tho planters. who
were glad to get less independent tenants.
until the custom Of selling and buying the
tenant right became established as a recog-
nized portion OF tho unwritten law.
James was so pleased with the success Of his
plantation in Ulster that he determined to APP
ply the same process to the rest Of Ireland but
as thoro had been no rising or disturbance Of
any kind. IL was necessary to invent another
excuse for conlscation. This was found in "a
commission to inquire into defective titles" 1t
being gravely propounded that the principle OF
prcscriptvc rights did not hold good for Ireland.
and that the estates Of which tho ostonsible
overs could not produce the title deeds must DO
deemed vested in the Crown. By this iniqu-
tous proceeding nearly 81 900 acres were taken
from tho native proprietors in Wexford alone.
and In tho midland counties no loss than
$4,000. These lands were turned over to I'M
dertakers as in the ease OF Ulster and although
tho new plantation encountered violent oppos-
ton, it was considered. on the whole. suffi-
cienhy successful justify an application Of tho
same process to Connaught the only province
which had not yet been planted" But King
James died before the plan could be executed.
and tho squeezing OF Connaught was reserved
for his successors. Wentworth. while Governor
OF Ireland. caused the court lawyers to declare
that the whole Of Connaught was tho property
OF the Crown. This was intended to DO prelim-
mary to q plantation on n hugo scale; but
Wentworth had to return TO England before he
could carry out his project and contented
himself with extorting money from tho native
landowners
All previous attempts at eonflscation and
plantation seem child's play when compared
with the discriminating policy which is tradi-
tionally known as Tho Curse o. Crummel."
It was intended by Cromwell that out OF tho
10. SOC, 900 acres which, it WAS computed. were
contained in Ireland. only 8. 600 900. consisting
Of waste and water. should DO left to the native
Irish. or the remaining area. 100000 acres
which had belonged to the Anglican Church.
were reserved by the Government; 100000
were allotted to the Protestant planters of Elz-
abeth and James and 200. 900 were to be con-
lscated and given to new English settlers. Yet
now again it proved impossible TO expel ma
ton. root and branch. The colossal plantation
Of Cromwell failed. like tho earlier expert
ments. to accomplish its primary object the
>extrpation Of the Catholic Irish. Even Crom-
wells settlers underwent the process OF alb
sOrDtion. The old process WAS begun over
again which had been ut work since tho days
Of the Plsntagenets. Notwithstanding tho
most stringent prohibitions tho new ern ,.rants
intermaIried with the young Irish Urls; the
natives were taken rs servants by English mas
ters and the final result was that forty years
after the settlement Ind been accomplished
numbers OF the children OF Cromwell 3 veterans
were unable to speak a word of English. And
Ill. had TO begin afresh the work OF conquer
ing Ireland. and found four-iifths OF tho
country united in devotion to the Catholic
faith ami impiacable hostility to the English
Government
Walpoles narrative of tho long series Of Mt
temP's to snpn@nt tho I Irsl, peop!e We
recital Of the infamous Legislation in
which during the greater part of the
and its resident representatives, the small
Protestant minority Of tho Irish population.
embodied the principle that men guilty of the
h bSa FILMS 81 be 6eng b ,sf n ana
upon sufferance. In this part Of his book. as
we'll ns In the chapters we have here glanced ~.
Mr.. Wnipole is cool and moderate in the oX,
preston Of comment aud criticism. being we'll
aware that the facts are sufficiently eloquent.
We scarcely need to add that he seldom at
temp's TO ,palliate the iniIui,ies, which he
records, and that in this respect is book shines
by comparso with Mr.. Froude's treatment Of
a part OF the same subject.