The Hawaiian gazette., 1882-11-01

The enterprise Of the Celestials is showing
itself Of late years in the export Of sugar TO
foreign countries Their methods Of treatment
with reference to both the cultivation Of the
cane and its after manipulations are quite orig
inal, and may therefore interest our readers.
From the journal Of he Society u Arts we
gather the following In planting they cut the
cane down, remove the tops and bind them in
bundles. and then strip the leaves of the top
cuttings. These cuttings are then placed in q
pond Of fresh water TO soak for about twenty
DAYS, and at the expiration ofthat time sprouts
4in OF sin. in length will have started from the
Joints, when they are taken out Of the pond and
planted in rows about 2ft. apart, at an angle Of
about co. These arc slightly MANFRED with
bean cake "a local product) at the time Of plan
ting, and in ten months the crop is matured
and ready for harvesting. A second or ration
crop is raised from the roots by the application
Of bean cake in a semi-liquid form; and when
the soil is exceptionally rich a third crop is
taken from the same land. As rule, however,
the roots are removed after the second crop is
cut, and the land is cultivated and MANFRED as
at first cuttings again being put in.
When the cane is cut it is collected TITO
bundles, and men OF boats convey it to the mill.
The mill consists Of two granite cylinders about
ST. in length by lsin. in diameter, placed per-
pendiCularly, the lower ends revolving in 4
stone socket, the upper in franc Of wood set
into granite uprights. Attached to or let into
the upper end of these cylinders are wooden
cogs, and to the end Of one of these cylinders
is attached a strong wooden shaft or spindle, to
the upper eud Of which is fixed a strong cross
beam or lever, and 10 the outer end is attached
the propelling power, which usually consists
e 4
between the cylinders, the juice running down
into a small trench, which opens into a recepta-
Gle in the ground holding about 20 or 30 gal
Ions the juice is then conveyed in buckets to
the boiling pans near at hand, and the cane,
after being crushed, is taken away to DO used
as fodder 1t is sometimes dried in the SUM-
and it is used for fuel for boiling the sugar
The boiling-pans are Of cast-iron, the greater
part Of those used being made at Fat Shan,
about fifteen miles from Canton. They are about
sin. deep by aft. in diameter, and arc placed
in brickwork side by side, usually four in num-
bcr,with arches for fuel underneath, all covered
with mat or matched shed. Three kinds Of
sugar arc manufactured namely, "rockcandy,'
green sugar" and delayed sugar The rock
candy is made as follows The sugar is placed
with sufficient quantity Of water in q large
boiling pan, similar 10 the ones already des-
Cribcd, and boiled down to the proper consist
oncy, which is ascertained by putting a small
quantity into cold water; if il hardens at once
il is then time TO run il oil into earthen Jars
these Jars holding about 5Olb. each They arc
always broken in three or four parts, and the
parts are then bound together with small
quantity Of lime, cement and a few bamboo OF
rattan hoops. The hot liquid is then put into
these broken Jars, and a network Of basket
splints is placed over each, the ends Of the
splints extending in different directions through
the liquid TO the bottom of the Jar. Ifthe temp
erature is cold it will crystalisc in about fifteen
days; if warm, it requires from twenty-five to
thirty days. As it crystallises it adheres to
the splints the portion not crystalising settling
at the bottom. The jars are then placed with
the bottom part turned partly up over empty
ones to allow the m0lasses to ruu out When
sufficiently drained, the Jars are removed, the
hoops taken of, and with small Ratchet the
parts again broken asunder; the candy is then
removed from the splints and spread out in the
sun for short time TO purify or bleach. 1t is
then assorted and packed into wooden tubs
holding from i0lb. to 5Olb. each Two qualities
are always found in the Jars I; that at the bot
tom being darker and Of less market value The
drainage from these Jars is reboiled, and a
poorer quality of brown sugar produced from
the refuse remaining after this last process a
cement is made by mixing with lime The pro-
cess pursued in the manufacture Of green"
sugar is as follows The juice is boiled in the
month Of December, as it is taken from the
crushers in buckets in one Of the four iron boil
ing pans a man is in attendance who pours the
juice from one pan to the other. As soon as tho
liquid bOils, small portion Of lime is put in,
and the white Of one or two eggs is placed in
each pan. After a time the dirt and refuse
come on the surface, which is all skinned