Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-12-26
lIsiDess.

.IhnceS.
UThe liabilities Of James Smyth & Co.,
roprietOrs Of the Berkshire mills, Phil
lfelphia, who failed Saturday, will
{tCbably amount TO S45O,OOO.
The thread industry of the United
tateS, which dates from 1855, shows
sHnderful growth. The consumption
nd of the best grades in the
q States Is 2l,OOO,OOO spOOls per
fdm. American manufactures turn
n daily 1900 dozen spoOls containing
" . yards each, which is far from meet
~ the demand, and European man
Acturers find 8 large market here.
1ihe manufacture of spOols has become
large industry, for besides supplying
/omestic thread-makers with spOols
Which consume 5000 to 1000 cords of
rood per AMMAN, the foreign thread
bakers purchase American spOols, and
many cases wind their thread here,
|y which they escape paying q higher
'utys.American thread-makers, how
4 N, claim 10 be able to undersell
LZm.
'firOn manufacturers who stumble on
ID under load of cumbersome appli-
hces and antiquated methods will be
ktally swamped if the "Bull process"
Sr manufacturing iron and steel direct
fOm the ore should come into general
b.. Mr.. Bull is resident of Liver
Dol, Eng, and his process is covered
In letters patent Of the United King
It1m. Ever since the BeSsemer process
berged as an accomplished fact from
A r. aims of doubt inventors have not
fASed 10 wrestle with this prOmblem of
sEuCing ore at once To ingOtS or steel,
"a their expectations have in every
ee[Eun disappointed. This new pro-
Is of Mr.. Bull, however, has been
fsted at Seraing, Belgium, with Lux
bHbOurg ore, with astonishing results.
EA0ugh the apparatus was incomplete
hd not adapted to controlling the de-
-, of carbOniZatiOn, the product, as
bmpared with that of the same plant,
ln a. a blast furnace under the old sys-
km Of charging, showed a total
mount OF impurities of 2.2I in 100, one
- of which was phosphorus. Te av-
n &Ount of impurities in the old
IS was l. per cent, Luxembourg
being the worst ON the COntineV to
fuCe.
-Hhe new process differs from the old
4 eliminating fuel, whether coke, coal
n charcoal, from the furnace charge,
hich is simply iron ore and flux, usu-
Illy limestone. The furnace Is heated
Exclusively by gas, produced by sePa-
Iate apparatus, and delivered into the
hrnace in highly heated state. The
Introduction Of highly heated air, al
wing the combustion of about I'D per
IND. of the gas, maintains the temper
tnre of the furnace sufficiently high To
How ythe withdrawal OF the iron or
npx2 and cinder in q fluid state. AS
Ne gases are simply carbOnic oxide,
kdTogen and nitrogen, introduced
nm the air, the only processes possible
- fusion, reduction and carourizatton.
Here can be no reduction OF the phos-
korie acid, sulphuric acid aad silica
,ntained in the ore to phosphorus,
|,inbur and silicon by any solid carbon
rraining i'm the lower portion OF the
r,.ace ss is the case in ordinary blast
-naee DroceSseS. In the Seraing fur
- ore was reduced to IS low as % Of
rhon i'm 100 parts; and with improved
nrodlcers the inventor claims that
- nils can be easily produced direct
onythe ore, the degree Of carburiza-
managed as in the Siemens
eeess. testing the ore by fracture.
fbe principal value of the process,
Yever seems Just now to be It's Sf efteG' iIeG
~eeapeEing the msnniseauTe sc,II OF IrOn O.
- IJasf ft,rnace without gas, pro-
eiS kiIns. of iron in - hours, p
- 100 kiIOs. Of ore. Under the
- using gas, the production
Cnrs rose 10 the enormous figure
- Silos., while the ore ylgIded yTSa -. ~
lCs' " o9 ron produeed to the coke
sa1SSved n was, Of course, much larger,
r. ibTee TO one in favor Of the new
ns.s s The inventor claims, in sweep
:, rms, that iron or steel ingots can
pTcduced in any district at a eos: y1s.
hch lower than the most Inferior pig
~ under the present sysEenhis' ysthS' Om,ni5i O%,u
"a enormous increase oi the output
:. fIrnace and the great reduction
- aInount OF fuel consumed.