davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
SqIIiIDs.

Incomes are like shoes if too small,
they gall and pinch; but if too large
they cause us To stumble and trip.
Three degrees of mining speculation
Positive mine; comparative, miner
superlative, minus Baptist Weekly.
Shakespeare modcrnized: The good
die young. The bad live to lie about
the weather, and are spoken of as the
oldest inhabitants New Orleans Pie
ayune.
Patrick comes to the morgue to claim
Il lost relative. elias he any peculiar
ity by which he can he recognized ?"
eyes, he is dumb"
A Vermont man who set il trap to
catch IA mink, has already captured II
polecats, Il coon and his own dog in it,
and still persists in his designs upon
the mink. Some men don't know
when they are licked. .- Post.
An Irishman on board . vessel, when
she was on the point of laundering,
being desired to come on deck as she
was going down, replied that he had
no wish to go on deck to see himself
drowned.
The following verdict was given In
writing by the foreman of coroner's
jury eve are of A Pinion that the
Decest met with his death from Vio-
liant Information in the Arm produst
from sum Unoan Cauce."
Servant ladyism of the period Cook
to wife's mother, seated in dining-roOm
after lunch-'If you please, ma'am,
want this room. ! expect company
this afternoon" "Certainly, Miss Ma
lOney, | shall go up stairs at once
as your father a Christian ~ said "A
gentleman to little boy on one occa-
sion. ayes, sir" said the little boy
"but | believe he has not worked
much at it lately."-[ Academy.
Now, do tell me, Charlie" said
Miss Gigglegush, who was spending
the summer in the country, "what COW
just dying to see her"
"What this beloved land needs"
iuietly remarks the Hawkeye mentor,
sis "A class of refOrmers who don't
have to stop every fifteen minntes and
explain a little crOokedness in their
own records"
A young man proposed for the hand
of beautiful girl. As she hesitated
about replying, he said ~ await your
answer with bated breath" The girl
replied: "Well, Mr.. Man, you will
have to bait your breath with some
thing beside high wines and Limbur-
ger cheese to catch your humble ser
want. Good evening""
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
Sleeping on the Wall Side.

A physician was lately called to pre-
scribe for IL young lady who lives i'll
one of the most charming villas in
Learnedville. Nothing the matter
with her" she declared, ''nothing but
terrible headaches" Every morning
she walked with headache, and it
lasted nearly half the day. 1t had
been going on for mOnths-ever since
they moved into their new house. The
old doctor tried all the old remedies
and they all failed. Riding and arch
cry were faithfully tested, study and
practice were cheerfully given up.
Nothing did any good. "Will you
let me see your bed-r room ?' asked the
doctor one day, and he was shown up
into the prettiest little nest imaginable.
Nothing wrong about the ventilation.
The windows were high and broad and
left open every night, the patient said.
The bed stood i'll one corner against
the wall. GLOW do you sleep p says
the doctor. "On my right side at the
back of the bed with my face to the
wall. Lou likes the front best" ''The
dickens she does !" says the doctor.
$50 do |. viii you do me the favor
to wheel the bed into the middle of the
room and sleep so for week Then
let me know about the headaches" ="
Doctors are so absurd the middle of
the room indeed and there were the
two windows on one side, and the two
doors on the two other sides, and the
mantel with its Macrame lambrequin
on the fourth side. There was no
place for the bed but just where it
stood, in the corner. ''Never mind
Sacrifice your lambrequin," urged the
doctor-'.iust for IA week you know
The lambrequin was sacrificed and the
bed moved where it had free air on
both sides, and the headaches disap-
peared. 1t may be only an exception
ally delicate system that would be in
duced to actual headache by breathing
all night the reflected air from a wall
Yet possibly some of the morning dull
ness we know of may be traceable to Il
| like canse. At any rate, plenty ot
breathing : ace around bed can only
be an advantage to everybody
| christian Union.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
A $1,000 Time on IA 5000 SALARY.

You want to know, do you, my son,
why it is that, with all your manage
ment, you can't live on your salary,
and always keep in debt mt the end of
the year? Well, I'll tell you, Tcle-
machus, why it is, and 1T won't cost
you a dollar for the information. It's
because You are trying to have a $1,000
time on 5000 salary, and it can't be
did. Older men than you have tried
it and failed right along. A 5000
boarding house and $500 livery sta
BILE exactly cuts the last coupon off
your salary, and then how the man
who makes your clothes expects to get
anything out of you is more than you
can tell him. Yours is very simple
case, my dear, and you can apply the
remedies yourself and perform the
necessary operation without the pres
ence of a consulting surgeon.
"Will it hurt p
My poor boy, you can bet your last
bottom dollar that it will hurt. 1t will
make you squirm thousand times II
day until you get out of debt, and then
you'll feel rs though you were in par
adise. Begin treatment at once: the
longer you wait the worse your case
will he and the more you will dread it.
Il HaWkeNp
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
A Mexican Romance.

When the French sought to estab-
youth raised a regiment of boys and
waged against such of the invaders as
appeared in SimalOa Il war that told.
The yOung mans father was of Castil-
ian blood and his mother a Mexican.
His name, Corona, soon became fam
Gus and at the age of - he was regard
ed as the Mosby of Mexico. At the
end of the war he was a major general,
the hero of the soldiers and the idol OF
Mazatlan society. He was six feet tall.
broad -shouldered, handsome and dar-
ing. While attending ball at the
American hotel, in Mazatlan, he STUN
bled over "a domestic, knocking tray
from her hand. STOPPING to pick up
the crOckery, General Corona noticed
that the girl was very pretty and very
saucy. She told him that her name
was Betty Bowman, that her mother
was Il San Francisco washer woman.
and that he ought to know better than
to rush so headlong down stairway.
Corona made love to the American
miss, and before leaving for the CAPT
tol he had learned of her irreprOach-
able though very humble life. Once
away, Betty's face and pert ways
haunted him so much that he wrote to
her, arranging the marriage by proxy q.
He remained in Mazatlan the bride
went to convent school. They were
IA thousand miles apart, and wrote to
each other daily, the husband constant
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

President" After repeated ringings
of large bell to command silence, the
President read a dispatch announcing
the death of one of the deputies. Af-
ter that several deputies mounted the
tribune to read, or speak upon seem
ingly unimportant subjects, but the
whole assembly was engaged in loud
conversation. At the same time the
President was ringing his bell and rap
ping on the desk, and attendants were
running up and down the aisles crying
"Silence," so it was impossible to hear
a word. When the question of a rail
way in Tunis came up everyone took
his seat and the utmost silence pre-
vailed.
Most of the ministers were present,
among whom | saw NJ. de Freycinet,
NJ. Jules Ferry, NJ. Leon Say, NJ. Will
son and NJ. Raynal, but Gambetta had
not as yet returned to Paris.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

The Master came TO our dwelling.
And left us a jewel one day,
To be cherished, and guarded, and polished
Till it shOne with luminous ray.
We knew it was all for his service
But the gem in such beauty shown
We almost forgot, as We watched it,
1t was not indeed our own.
The burdens of life grew lighter,
The home was q hOlier place,
The clouds in our daily journey
Left only passing trace.
And We thought, what blessed mission
To keep in our tenderest care
The jewel our Master entrusts U.S.
So beautiful, bright and fairl
We knew that the lengthening shadows
Would steal DER our path some day,
But we hoped the light at the hearthstone
Would shine with quenchless ray;
That We were TO be the keepers
OF this treasure from the skies,
Till our weary hands were folded,
And the curtain veiled our eyes.
Then a darkness thick overwhelmed us,
We CROPPED in its sitting breath,
For our hearts were torn and bleeding
By the mighty hand of Death.
The Master had taken his treasure,
The jewel that was his own,
And the added beauties of heaven
In its radiant lustre shone
So now with our upward yearnings,
Since the light of our home is fed
We bear the burdens unshrinking,
And the daily pathway tread.
For heaven, with all of its glory
Is brighter and lOvelier yet,
For amid the stones of the crown"
Our beautiful jewel is set.
Carrie A. Spalding, in Vt. Chronicle
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
PATENTS.
r. H. F. ID Y .

No &c State Street, opposite K1by Street Boston,
secures patents in the United States also in
Great Britain France and other foreign countries
copies OF the claims of any Patent furnished by
rrmltting one dollar Assignments recorded al
Washington No agency IA the United States pos
oesseS superior fdeilites for obtaining Patents or
doeTtdtniHg the pdteRtabiii.y Of inuentions r.
EDDY. solicitor of Patents
TEsTIAoN
4 regard Mr.. Eddy as one of the most snccessfuI
aud capable practitioners with whom | have had
official intercourse CHAS. MASON
Commissioner of Patents.
Inventors cannot employ a person more trust
worthy capable of securing for them an
early and favorable consideration at the Patent OF
ce-'-EDMUND BURKE, late Commissioner OF
Patents
Boston. October l9, 1876.
II. EDDY, Esq.-Dear Sir: you procured for
me, in ls40 my first patent. Since then you have
acted for and dvised me in hundreds of cases and
procured many patents, reissues and extensions
have occasionally employed the best agencies in
New York Philadelphia and Washington but
still give yon almost the whole of my business in
your line and advise others Ia employ you.
Yours truly GEORGE DRAPER.
Boston. Jan /. lss2--ly
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

In twenty-one months have attend
ed tifty-One funerals. Yet this is not
an unhealthy place. The large num-
Der of deaths reported is due to the
fact that toward the south and west
the nearest minister is ten miles off,
north and east over twenty miles and
though there are only some $50 souls
in White Cloud, we may safely put
down ! 200 as the number who look to
this point for ministerial aid in time OF
trouble. The traveller by rail passes a
few small places and may think that
between stations there is nothing but a
wilderness, for such it often appears.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
VOLUME 45---NUMBER 1929.

ly instructing the wife in polite ways.
President Juarez, fearing that Corona's
popularity would lead the people to
give their vote to the young soldier ut
an election then approaching, conclud-
ed to send him as minister to Madrid,
the most enviable diplomatic position
in the eyes of all MeXicans. Gen. Co
roma took the washer-wOman's daugh-
ter to his palace in Madrid, and she
now is regarded rs the most brilliant
and accomplished lady at the court of
Spain.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
st. Johnsbury Post Office.
ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF MAILS.

ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF MAILS.
Boston and intermediate offices Arrive 4I5 d
m. Close g:}O and SEQ IA III.
Boston through mail Arrive 2:l7 a III. Close
500
New York and the West. Arrive &:I7 and IIOO
a m, and I:15 Close $50 and $50 Il m and 500
y
Newport and the North. Arrive 900 IN
Close 4:l5 p III.
Portland and the East. Arrive 300 p IN. Close
$50
Swanton and intermediate offices. Arrive 1915
a Close ais IN.
Waterford. Arrive $50 a III. Close 400 y Ill.
North Danville. Arrive $50 a M. Close 1000
West Concord and East st. Johnsbury. Arrive
900 Close AIS p III.
CHAS. +. CARPENTER. I'd, P M
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

cam dar IL crank present in de hall
tonight p softly asked Brother Gard
ner, as the meeting opened.
Not il voice answered.
''IIave any of You seen IA crank
aroun' town dis las week ?' continued
the president.
No one had, or at least no one ad-
mittcd it.
''Two weeks ago de kentry was full
of 'em. You could find 'em on de
street-kyar, at de depot, aroun' de ho-
tells, and eben in church. All of a sud-
den you can't skeer up single crank.
De bizness has got to he unhealthy.
De plea of insanity dom go down wild
de jury as slick as it did. De time
when one man kin put knife into an
oder an make de jury believe he was
BON dat way and couldn't help it has
bout expired. De crank mus 90. He
mus quit shootin', stabbin', stealin'
and bein' heard of in de land. When
de crank fust brought ford de ideah
dat de Deity was behind him an urged
him on it was sunthin' new an novel,
but dat ideah am played out wild de
rest.
"My frens let the cantankerous biz
ness alone. DOan' call stealin' by any
odder name. If your hands itch fur
money dat belongs to some one else
take it an skip, an when de law oyer
hauls you doan' sot up de plea dat an
angel from heaven urged yOu on. lie
gal farces have had der day in dis
kentry. Insanity, kleptomania, sud
den emotion, drunkenness an loss of
memory will be poo excuses beio'
fucher iuries.n = Detroit Free Press
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

Western Union and VI. InterndtiOndI-in st.
Johnsbury House. Open from a. m to 9 p. Ill.
sundays, 9 to 10 a. m, ) to =. Night messages
at half rates.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
st. Johnsbury Church Directory.

AdUent-Paddock Village Sabbath Services at
1890 a. m. las and $50 p. Sabbath School I2
IN. Prayer Meetings at 1880 p. M. Sunday Tuesday
aud Friday evenings.
Bdptist-Railroad Street Corner Maple. Rev.
+. 4. Sandford, Pastor. Preaching 1850 NJ. $.
School l2N Prayer meeting ESQ. Prayer meet
ing Wednesday evening at 1880
Free Bdptist-Main Street Corner Prospect
Rev. II. Lockhart, Pastor. Sabbath services 1890
A. NJ. and 63O z. NJ. sabbath School at IL NJ Prayer
meeting Wednesday evening at 100
Church Of The Messidh-( U niversalistD Eastern
avenue. corner Cherry street. Rev. Il. NJ. TillOt-
son, Pastor. Sabbath services at las p. NJ.
sabbath School at ~ NJ. Wednesday evening meet
ing at 73O.
Methodist-Central street. Rev. f. ). Locke
Pastor. Residence next to the Church. Sab
bath services at 1880 A NJ, and 6:3O p. NJ. Sabbath
School at IL NJ. Wednesday evening meeting at
.7:3O
North CongregationaL-Main street corner of
Church. Rev Henry w. Jones, Pastor. sabbath
services at IO:3O A. M and $3.50 p. NJ. Sabbath
School at las p. NJ. Wednesday evening meeting
at 7jO
South Congregational-Main street Rev. Ed
ward +. Fairbanks. Pastor sabbath services at
1890 A. NJ, and $50 p. M Sabbath School at IL NJ
Wednesday evening meeting at 7;30.
Presbyteridn Church-Rev. W. k. Laird pas
tor. Services at Presbyterian Hall, every Sab
bath at 1880 a. M. 300 y. Sabbath school 300.
Prayer meeting 6:30. Bible reading Wednesday
evening 1880.
St Andrews-( Episcopal,D Main street, Rev
Mr.. Fisher, Supply. Services sundays at
1880 a. m, and ; y. Wednesdays at 1880 D. M
Sunday School, at IL IN.
Roman OdlOlic-Cherry Street. Rev. j. A.
Boissonnault. Parish Priest. Mass and 10 a. III ;
Nespers and BenedictiOn at ; p. On the
second Sunday of the month, service at $50 n. IN,
and p. III. At Lyndonville same day al 1890 a. Ill.
G. A, Browns Building, Main Street Sunday
mornings at $50 Saturday evenings at 1870.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

In 1893, Philip Syag Physic headed
a list of 1000 merchants, bankers and
other business men of Philadelphia,
protesting against lighting that city
with gas. They urged their claim on
the ground of "public safety" To-day
gas doesn't give light enough, and is
not quite dangerous enough, so we are
making the lightning illuminate our
streets. Surely the world goes march
ing on.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
AUCTION BILLS.

qsr- oiqsr- tor auction bills by morning mails can
s usu1'lN De hl~d and returned ON evening trains
Sahe aaN- Our facilities for Half and Whole Sheet
Posters are better than ever At
CALIFORNIAN OFFICE.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

COHgregGtionaI-Rev. F. b. Phelps, Pastor.
Sunday services at l0.45 a. and $50 D. m. Sab
bath school at 1900. Wednesday evening meeting
at d 30.
Methodist-Rev. l.. c. Dickinson, Pastor. Sun
day services at /. 30 y. III.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

A rather seedy looking customer
came into restaurant on Austin ave
nue. and said to the proprietor:
''What do you ask for nicely cooked
bcef-steak, well done, with onions ?"
"Twenty five cents"
"And the gravy ?"
Oh, we don't charge anything for
the gravy"
''You don't-that's liberal. How
much do you charge for the bread ~
eve throw in the bread"
ais it good bread ?"
at is"
$50 you throw in the bread and
gravy ~
"Certainly."
''Then bring me some bread and
gravy. It's not healthy to eat meat in
summer
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
To Amateur Printers.

ion s,', y y pe partly worn for sale cheap
Specimens sent on receipt Of stamp.
c. M STONE & co.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

Library aud Reading -Roon,-Free To all. OpeI
from A. N. to II NJ. from to p. M and from
7 Ia - Saturday evenings.
Art GdueTy-Open Tuesdays and Fridays.
CHARLES A WILLARD, Librarian.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
ST. SOhnsburp QalrdOnian.
G. NJ. STONE IL Co,
ADVANCE TERMS OF rHR cALEDoSrAS:
PUBLISHES.

Opposite the Athenasum, St. Johnsbury, VT.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
DnfrLs.

ST. JOHNSBURY HOUSE,
MAIN STREET, ST. JoHNsBuRY. VI
JERRY DREW, Proprietor.
AVENUE HOUSE,
hhLkoAD STREET. ST. JouNsBURY VT
q W +. CONVERSE Proprietor
COTTAGE HOTEL.
E''LH"A" STREET ST. JoHNsBURY, WI
RICHARD B. FLINT, Proprietor
UNION HOUSE.
l. +. SHONYo, Proprietor.
Drsrably located just opposite passenger drt,ot
good livery stable connected with the house.
FIFTH AVENUE HOTEL,
BROADWAY. NEW YoRk
hrstclass house in every particular.
HIrCHCoCk, DARLING s. co. Proprietors.
THE BRUNSWICK,
BoILsroN STREET. Boston
The finest appointed hotel in New England.
AMOS BARNES & co. Proprietors
THE GRAND PACIFIC HOTEL,
CHICAGO.
4 frst class hotel in every respect with 500 rooms
charges moderate. JNO DRAKE a co. Pro
prietors.
S,MLM. TURNER. Tyler b. GAskELL.
UNITED STATES HOTEL.
Portland Ne
Situated u the very centre Of the City. The best
located House for business men. Heated by
steam. Table set with the best the market
affords
W Ii. MrDON AID. Proprietor.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17
Qraurlrrs' 6nide.
1t. JOhnsbury Lake Champlain Railroad
July 4, 1881.

PassumPsic Railroad 10. 1881.
rn,rNa snIrrn IrAvE sr InHNsRItRY
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1882-03-17

e No Cuts inserted. No objectionable advertise
THents receiued aud nothing but legitimate business
adoeTtising solicited.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1882-07-20
About Roses.

All roses flower more ur0fuse7vi if vir.
orouSlv pr,ncd. 1t is best 10 tut the
old ~6od with N unsraring hand, for
1h, H2nU>om"sr N'oySoro. vii ~priun
lo>,. trc~L CROWN and votlng shoots
G~as the riots VIII boar lnr largest
cluster Of nt.Is. Itvb.i} pcrpetuals re-
qu'rc 10 he pruncd rs soon as their first
flowers have faded 50 rs to produce a
good display Of bud, and blossoms ia
September. They u4y,. no claims to The
tile 'rtrp2tual a. tAaY never bloom
9I1 twice in tnu vp2r and rarely that,
unless they are highly ieralIzed and
closely rat back whe1r fhev have ceased
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1882-07-20
USEFUL AND SUGGESTIVE.

To prevent an iron sink from rust
ing, apply with a brush one-fourth
pound of asphaltum dissolved in spirits
of turpentine. The Household.
"A tree overloaded with fruit can
neither perfect the fruit nor ripen its
wood properly. A great many trees
are annually ruined by too much crop
ping. .A.....-
Pine stumps may be more pro1itably
removed by blasting with dynamite
than by a stump-puller. A large pine
stump requires very great force to be
pulled out Of the ground, but it is easily
torn to pieces and thrown out by two 10
four ounces of dynamite. -I11dtanGp0is
Jouy7ln}.
"A good addition TO soup is made by
cutting bread in little squares and fry
ing them in butter till they are Drowned
on every side. About three minutes be-
fore the soup is taken from the fire add
the bread, SO that it will be favored with
the soup, but will not be soaked so it
will crumble, ~ T. Post.
The Guinea-fowl is very destructive
to insects, aud will feed on some that
the hens will not touch. They are great
foragers, active, and go over a whole
field in short time. There is another
point III their favor not generally known,
which is that they are not scratchers
and do but little harm to plants. ~. Y.
Examiner.
Steamed Brown Bread: Two cups
OF sour milk, one cup OF warm water,
one cup OF mOlasSes, one large teaspoon
full OF soda, three cups OF Indian meal
and one cup Of flour. Steam three
hours, and bake one half hour 1t may
seem thin, but it will be just right when
it is done. Please trvit sisters, and tell
me if it ism t.-Ihe Household.
w. A. Armstrong. of Elmira, N.
y. thus speaks OF using ashes on a
heavy soil: Il have applied ashes 70
corn with a great deal OF care, time and
again. ! know how the work was
done, because | did it with my own
hands. My soil is largely clay, and l
never saw any Improvement or ad-
vantage derived from the use of ashes
on corn. | have used ashes with
material advantage on potatoes"
About tact and management OF
servants QUig says: 1--WE knew q cook
once. q Jewel of p cook, who made ex-
r2l}"nt soup ont OF a lark's skeleton or
some light and inexpensive material,
who persisted in remaining IL place
she disiiked because she had feather
bed 10 sleep on. The taste was peculiar,
but it was her taste, and her employer
bad the the tact to meet it, and enjoy
the services OF an artist at the pay OF
mechanic"
-C"coanut and Rice Pudding: Boil
one teacupfuI Of rice in milk until soft
and dry. While it is still hot stir into
it quarter of q pound OF butter Then
add the Wcil-br@ten yelks of SIX eggs,
pound OF sugar, 4 grated cocoanut, and
rose water or lemon peel to taste. Stir
in the stihly-beaten whites of four eggs,
and bake. When cool spread over the
top the whites OF two eggs, beaten t" q
stiff froth with some sugar and the iuce
of a lemon. Color it @lttle in tie o' Ell,