The Penn's Grove record., 1882-12-30

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fost of the floors of the houses and
he streets are paved with bricks.
IN ENGLAND.
Brickmaking appears to have been
introduced into EnglA nd by the Ro-
mans, who used large thin bricks or
wall tiles as bonds to their rubble con-
struction and such wall tiles con-
tinued TO be found in England until
rubble work was superseded by regular
masonry at about the time of the Nor
man Conquest. These tiles were
merely q kind of thin brick or plate
of baked clay, and were extern sively
used for covering roofs. They were
made very much the same As bricks,
only it was imperative that they
should be made of the best quality of
brick earth.
Brick work does not appear to have
come into general use as q building
n aterial until the reign of Henry
VIII, when 1t reached great perfec-
ton, and some of the finest known
specimens were erected. In the reign
of Queen Elizabeth brick seems to
have been nseL only ia large man.
sions. For common buildings, tim.
Der framework, filled in with lath
and plaster, was generally used, and
INSTRUMENTATION was much employed
even when brick work WAS In conn.,
mon use, bricks up to a late period
being merely introduced in panels
between the wooden frames. In the
rebuilding of London, after the great
fire of 1866, brick was the material
almost universally adopted, and q
of the resolutions Of the corporation
of the city of London passed about
this time is interesting. 1t is as fol-
lows:
"And that they (the surgeyors) do
encourage and give directions to all
builders for ornaments sake, that the
ornaments and projections Of the
front OF buildings be of rubbed brick +;
and that all the naked parts of the
walls may be done of rough bricks
neatly wrought or all rubbed at the
direction Of the builder, or that the
builders may other wise enrich their
iron Is as they please"
1t was not till the close of the last
century that bricks were subject to
taxation. After this time the only
brick exempt were those made for the
purpose of draining wet and marshy
land, and they must be plainly stamp
ed with the word Drain" A penalty
of fifty pounds was imposed on every
person who used these bricks for any
other purpose.
MODERN BRICKS
are made of different materials, clay,
sand and ashes make excellent bricks,
while good Trick earth is found In
some localities. Loan and mari in
England are considered the best ingre-
dents. Upon the materials employed
depend the quality of the brick and
the purposes for which it may be used.
They are pressed and dried by ma
chinery to a great extent now, though
| yards are often started In the country
where suitable clay is found, aud
bricks made by manusl labor. The
finishing and ornamentatioD, of
which so much is done, is, of course,
accomplished in larger places where
ex periepced workmen are emp1oy ed.
Trouble Is often occasioned by the
~irregularitv in the size Of Eastern
brick, while those of Baltimore, Phila-
delphia and New Jersey are invaris-
bly, of the same size. Details in the
plans of buildings are often delayed
until it is known what kind of trick
is 10 be used. This being the case OF
course only in places where only a
C, rain number of whole bricks can be
glaced, as between window lodges,
sills, caps or stone quoins. The utility
of brick ~ a slang word is not to be
denied. To call a man a brick Is to
compliment him exceedingly. In
one word you tell him that he is use
full, upright, absorbent, retentive, that
his family history can be traced far
Their than that of most men, and,
above all, hat he is not made of ''com-
non clay"
sIMP LIE ACTS ABOUT BRICKS.
The Carpenters and Builders Jour.
nal gives the following facts: An av-
oroora dau1a uynrR for a hrioH Iovar 70
1900 bricks on outside and inside
walls on facings and angles and fin
ishing around wood or stone work, not
mor than half that number can be laid.
TO find the number Of bricks In a wall
first find the number Of square feet of
surface, and then multiply by z for q
A inch wall, by IA for an s inch wall,
by 81 FIR a Is inch wall, and by % for
a 16 inch wall. For staining bricks
red, melt an ounce of glue in one gal.
lon of water add a piece of alum the
size of an egg, then n half pound of
Venetian red and one pound of Span
ish brown. Try the color on the bricks
before using, and change light or dark
with the red or brown, using a yellow
mineral for buff. For coloring black,
heat asphaltum toa fluid state, and
moderately heat true surface bricks
and dip them. Or make a hot mix.
ture of linseed and asphalt, heat the
bricks and dip them. Tar and asphalt
are also used for the same purpose. 1t
Is important that the bricks be sufi-
GENTLY hot, and be held in the mix
ture to absorb the color to the depth of
one sixteen h of an inch.