The Portland daily press., 1882-06-03
GARIBALDI
The italian Patriot Died Last
Night.
LEAVES FROM THE LIFE OF THE MAN
WHO MADE THE KINGDOM
OF ITALY.
ROME, June General Garibaldi died at
$50 this evening.

Giuseppe Garibald, the latest child with
which Italy, that cradle of great men, has as
tonished the world, was born at Nice, July A.,
1904 town then under the dominion of the
first French Empire. He was brought up to
his fathers calling, that of sailor and his first
intelligent acquaintance with France, the
country with which his name in the later years
of his life was SO intimately associated, was
made On voyage to Marsieles in 1888. From
his early youth he was an enthusiast for the
unity of Italy, and from the time of the abor-
tive attempt of 1884, when he fought side by
side with the sons of Louis Bonaparte. to 1870
when he strove with the will of Her
cules but wanting his strength to
lift that country from the slough into which
his old comrade in conspiracy, Napoleon LII,
had plunged in, he was agitating for the lnde-
pendence of the historic peninsula. In that
latter year his aspirations were gratiied; for
Victor Emanuel, King fof Italy, then estab-
lished his court in Rome
Between the time of his first attempt to achieve
italian independence and the time when main
ly by his work, King of Italy was seated in
Rome the life of Garibaldi was one OF strange
vicissitude After the failure of the revolu-
tion of 1891 he sailed to Rio de JaneirO, and
then went into trade with Rossetti, the father
of the Eng 'ish poets and artists OF that name.
Inc venture pfOVeu uuSuCCoSSluly anu 0dll-
baldi turned from shop-keeping to brisker bus
mess, engaging in an unlucky South American
revolution and getting shot in the neck for his
pains. Beaten in war he took to teaching, and
was school master in Montevideo for some
years.. but dropped the ferule and grasped
the sword when Rosas, the dictator of Buenos
Ayres, declared war against Uruguay. He or
ganized a band of partsans rescued the little
republic from its covetous neighbor, and lived
there honored by those he had saved until the
revolution of 1S4S broke out in Europe. Then
he sailed for Italy, offered his aid to Charles
Albert, King of Sardinia, and fought stoutly
in the memorable campaign which resulted so
dissstrously to the Italian arms. After the de-
feat of the Piedmont troops beyond the 20 he
went to Rome and served under the famous
triumvrate of which Mazzini was the head.
When the city was captured by French troots
he, with handful of followers, effected an es-
cape, ,and after some desperate encounters with
Austrian soldiers, made his way to Genoa, and
thence sailed to New York.
He reached New York in 1850, and during
his stay of six years in that city supported him
self by making tallow candles. In 1857 he
went back TO Italy and lived in Nice in obscu-
rity until two years later, the war between
France and Italy on the one hand, and Aus
tria on the other broke ont Then by invita-
ton of Victor Emanuel, the son of the Savoy
King for whom he had fought decade before,
he formed the famous body OF partlsans (the
Cdccitori dele Alp0 which did so much for the
liberation of Lombardy wrested the duchies
of Tuscany Parma and Modena from Austrian
control, gave Naples and Sicily to the italian
crown, and even attempted Rome. His SER
vices in 1859 were of great value to the cause
of the allies, and to his persistency is
due the freedom of the duchies. He disre-
garded the engagements of the treaty OF Villa
Franca and secured to the Sandman King
Florence, the heart of Italy, and the legations
which had been under papal control since the
days of Charlemagne. In tie following year
he did even greater service to Italian unity
and the House of Savoy. Sailing for MarSala
in May 1860, with thousand red-shirted fol-
lowers, he captured Palermo and overrun the
island Then, crossing the strait he marched
upon Naples, overthrew the Bourbon dynasty,
and handed his conquests over to the new
kingdom of Italy.
But something vet remained to do. Rome
was still in the hands of foreigners; and until
the majesty of Italy was seated in the Quirlnal
the work of unification was, in the eyes OF the
world, incomplete. Garibaldi chafed at thought
of Transalpine troops in the streets OF the an
cient city, but curbed his wrath for q time be-
cause of the service France had lately done.
SoLamorciere and his papal guard and the red
trowsered French garrison were left Tor
a while undisturbed. Garibaldi's restless splr-
it, his friendship for his old comrade of 1848,
Kossuth, and his hatred for the Austrian, led
him to undertake revolution in Hungary.
That failed, and he turned again to Rome. His
liking for France was overcome by his love
Tor Italy. In 1891 ne gathered VOluuteorS,
mostly from the veterans of his italian cam
paigns, and marched upon the city. He was
de eated at Montana, and made prisoner OF
war. But his patriotic services were so great
that all Italy clamnred for his release, and he
was soon set free. He then retired to Caprera,
and lived there in quiet until the outbreak of
the Franco-Pr Prussian war. The withdrawal of
tie French garrison and the occupation OF
Rome by the Italian troops, finished the task to
which he had set himself in early youth, and
left him free to discharge the debt he and his
country owed to France. So, on the establish
nent of the French republic, he has
tened to Tours, and offered his sword
to Gambetta. He was assigned to
service in the Vosges, and did good
work there. but was unable to stem the tide
of German invasion. That was his last CAM
paign. After the capitulation of Paris he re-
treated to his island home in Caprera and there
spent the later years of. his life. Enfeebled in
limb by martial exertion, he dropped the
sword and took up the pen, writing a novel,
'The Rule of the Monk" in 1S71-a work
which gained wide circulation on the strength
of the authors name. 1t was poor thing;
and since this failure following SO many heroic
attempts and so much triumph, Garibaldi has
done nothing He has been living at Caprera,
broken in health, for many years; but his de-
mise was not Immediately expected, and the
news of his death, coming SO suddenly, will
A. Il |. 1o,, afrit ota1