davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29

Notice is hereby given to all
Taxpayers in the parish of ST..
Landry, that the Tax rolls for
the year 1882 have been fled in
the Office of the Recorder of
Mortgages, and have been de-
livered and are on file in my of
flee, as required by Sec. 40 of
Act Sc, of 1882, and that the
taxes for the year 1882 are now
due. They are further notified
that said taxes will become de-
linquent on the 31st day of De-
cember, 1882, and will draw three
per cent per month interest from
that date, according to Article
21O of the Constitution of 1879.
Parties owing taxes on per-
sonal property must come for
ward and pay Immediately, as
said taxes will become delin-
quent on the 1st day of Septem-
ber,. 1882.
Those wishing to avoid costs
of notices and seizure will do
we'll to make prompt payment.
The publication of this notice
once a week for two weeks, and
the posting thereof on the door
of the room in which the Civil
District Court of the Parish of
st. Landry is held, is by law
made full and complete notice
to each taxpayer, and to any
person whom it may in any
manner concern.
G. @. DUSON, Sheriff,
and ex-officio Tax Collector,
st. Landry.
Opelousas, July 20, 1882. 2t
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29

Divine services win be held at the
Methodist Church, ope1onsas, to NOR
row (Snnday at II .. m, and at Wash
ington at night, by Rev. Fred. White.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29
SHERIFFs SALE.
DOMINIQUE .LALANNE VS.. HYPoLlTE
BODIN.

District Court, Parish St. Landry, No. 1881.
By virtue of writ of e. ia. issued by the
Hon. the District Court In and for the parish
of st. Landry, in the above entitled suit and
to me directed, will proceed to sell at public
auction to the highest bidder, at the principal
door of the Court House, in the town of Opel
ensas, parish of st. Landry, on SATURDAY,
August 5th, 1882, at IL O'Clock A. b., the fol-
lowing described property, to-wit:
|. A certain lot or portion of ground, to-
gether with all the buildings and improve
atei In the town of Grand Coseau, being on
the pnblic road leading from 0peiousas to
VerniIienviile. bounded in front by the pub
lie road, ON two sides by the property of J.. Ss
A. Perrotlin, and on the other side by the pro-
perty of Burleigh.
Q. Two American bay horses, lot of dry
goods. clothing, boots, shoes, hats, &c.
Seized in the above entitled snit.
Terms-Cash. G. C. DUSON,
Shariff Of the parish Of St. LandFy.
Opelousas, June ~, 1882
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29

Pine flooring. ceiling and weather.
boarding can new be had at the st.
Landry Planiag Mil. Washington
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29
NOTICE.

A LL persons having claims against the Es-
IN tate of Edwin Poiret, deceased, viii pre-
present them, within the next thirty days. at
the Office of +. r. Perrodin attorney, for set
tIement JULES PERR0DIN,
JulyS. 1892 Administrator.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29

During the rain and thunder STERN
en Thursday morning last, lightning
struck young China tree between the
stpFs and residence Of Mr.. Sci. Loeb,
Sn Main street. barking it considerably
ena ahattering the palings with which
i VAS enclosed. Several persons in the
aters we're slightly affected by the
sl0el.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29
July %, 1882.
DUBLIC SALE.
Probate Court, Perish Of ST. Landry, No. 4357
EsrATs nR GEnpGE LrfTrIER

Probate Court, Perish of 81. Landry, No. 4357
ESTATE OF GEORGE LUTHER.
By virtue of an order of the Honorable tho
Probate Court in and for the parish of Saint
Landry, there will be sold at public auction,,
to the last and highest bidder, by the under
signed curator or duly qualified auc-
tioneer, at the last residence of deceased, in
Washington, parish of St. Landry, on
FRIDAY, August 25th, 1882, the follow
ing described property, belonging to the estate
of George Luther, deceased, to-wit:
l. The rights, title and interest of the de-
ceased in and TO lot of ground described as
follows: One lqs of ground situated in the
town of Washington, parish of st. Landry.
bounded north BY property of Mrs. Barnum
Roberts, south by property of D. Lalanne,
east by Dupr6 street, and west by Carriere
street. Said lot will be sold without gaaran-
tee of title.
2. A lot of household furniture. one lot Of
books, one COW and calf.
Terms-Cash. h. +. PERR0DIN.
July %, 1882. Curator.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29
Resaaa II Esznga TzaeiF.

The beauty and color of the hair may be
safely regained By using Parkers Hair Bal.
sam, which is much admired for its perfume,
cleanliness and dandrufE eraaicatfng proper
ties.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29
NEW GROCERY.
CHEAP CASH STORE

1HOICE Family Flour at the lowest figures
~ good Coffee at l2a cents per pound, Sugar
at 10 cents, and all other Groceries, as well as
Tinware, Crockeryware, &C., as cheap in pro-
portion. Sold by e. E.SPARROW TAILOR,
Main street, near Ealer's Corner.
Opelousas July %, 1882
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29

Every class Of planning mill work done
at bottom prices at the st. Landry Plan
ing Mill, Washington.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29

Attention Is called to the change in
tha advertisement Of Capt. Jno. M.
1ayleE'e school Capt. Taylor il an
axnsfisnced educator. and his plan of
lAatraetisn Il both Systematic and
heEopgh, facts which ought To re-
esilnmahd him and bis school TO every
intelligent parent. The next session
elsng The first Monday Of September.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29

hs Morgan Railroad Company is
a1Eving ! substantial plank fence placed
afnana The depot and section house
s1sanas, which embrace twelve or ff-
ss4n aspents Of land. This will add
aAtsflally te the appearance Of the
Rallrpad eantrs.
II II sumared that the Morgan Com
s1y inEenls at ne liatantday, to build
n lane ri railroad from Opelousas nsrth-
Wsas VI Palestine. Texas. We hspe IL
Rall he done. hecause ii would add
aaassFially % the growth and prosperity
" ssS Eown, besides proving splen-
alA lilyest1nanb to the Company.
The Opelousas courier. [volume] (Opelousas, La.) 1852-1910, 1882-07-29
OF TABLEAU.

Opelonsas, July IS, 1882.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
SUNDAY.
Services al the varisu. Churches.

st. Johns Church, Madison square, Rev.
Chas. II. Strong acknowledgements
Sunday. Morning service and sermon at II
O'Clock. Sunday school at O'Clock. Night
service with sermon) viii be resumed st
z.45 O'Clock this Sunday. Lenten services
as follows: Ash ednesday-Morning ser
vice and sermon st IL O'Clock. Evening
prayer and address at 4:3O o'clock. Service,
with short address, on the other mornings
st O'Clock. FridsY-st. Matthias day
Evening service at 4;50 O'Clock.
Christ Church, johnson square, Rev.
Thomas Boone -Quinqusgesima
Sunday. Morning service and sermon at
II O'Clock. Sunday school at $3.50 p. N.
Evening service at 40 o'clock. Bible
cigss at S D. m. Ash Wednesday, morning
service and sermon IL O'Clock. Evening
service 1T 4:30 O'Clock. Week days in Lent,
evening service st 4:3O o'clock. Ga Friday,
st. Matthias day. Holy communion at IL
a. m
St. Matthew's Chapel, corner of Hunting
don snd Tattnall streets, Rev. 1. B. Kennsrd
in charge.-Sunday school at $50 O'Clock.
Morning service and sermon at II O'Clock.
Holy communion st O'Clock. Services
during Lent on Thursdays at 7:30 D. m.
Evangelical Lutheran Church Of the A.
eensiOn, Bull street. Wright square, ".
s. Bowman, d. d pastOr.-DIvine service
at IL =. N and $50 p. N. Sabbath school
at $50 D. n. A cordial invitation to all.
Baptist Church, Chippewa square,
Rev. J. E. L. Holmes misunderstanding
By the pastor ct IL a. N. and 7:30 p. m.
Young mems prayer meeting st 10 q. m.
Sunday school at $3.50 p. N. Ladies' Bible
reading Tuesday at D. m. Prayer meet
ing and lecture Thursday az 7:45 p. m You
are cordially invited to attend all these ser
vices.
Independent Presbyterian Church, corner
South Broad and Bull streets, Rev. 1. S. K.
Arson, DID, aud Rev. Robert P. Kerr pas
tOrs.-Sundsy morning service by DR.. Arson
At IL o'clock Evening services 0v Mr.. Kerr
~ 7:30 o'clock Sunday school at $50 p. m
Prayer meeting at 4 p. m. Thursday.
You are invited.
First Presbyterian Church, Monterey
souara.-Preaching at IL 8. m. and 1:3O p. m,
by Rev John ]. Robinson. d. a., Of At
lants. Sabbath school at 4 p: m.
Anderson Street PRESBYTERIAN Church,
corner Of Barnard and Anderson streets,
Rev. ]. 5. X. Arson. d. D., and Rev. Robert
P. Kerr pastors.-Sundsy morning service
by Mr. Kerr st IL o'clock. Egening service
at 7.45 O'Clock, by Dr.. Arson. Sunday
school ST $50 q. N. Prayer meeting at 7:45
.. m Wednesday All are welcome
New Houston Street Methodist Church,
corner Jefferson and New Houston streets,
Rev. George W. Mathews pastor.-Presch-
ing at Il a. u. and 1:S0 D. N. by the
pastor. Sunday school st $50 q, m. Prayer
meeting Tuesday night at 7:45 O'Clock.
Pendeld Mariners Bethel, Richard Webb
Notwithstanding in the morning st II
O'Clock and st night at 7:30. Sabbath school
st $50 .. u. Prayer and temperance meet
ing on Tuesday night ct 500 o'clock.
The seats are all free.
The First New Church Society meet in
Metropolitan Hall at IL O'Clock q. N. for
worship- Service as usual. All are cor
daily invited.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
The UrknOWRs.

Under the recent order the names
Of parties violating the law and who
are arrested BY the police are withheld until
they make their appearance before the
Police Court and are tried. Under
decision of the Supreme
Court, the doekets Of any court are open to
the inspection OF the public, and the names
of parties who may have been arrested can
not be refused on application OF any citi-
zen TO look at said docket, hence this
suppression of information can. under any
circumstances, only have effect for twenty
four hours at the fuTthest, aud
It's efficacy Is not apparent. The order
recently promulgated at the police barracks
prohibits the officer on duty from giving
the names Of parties arrested until they
appear n court. heCcs we are unable TO
state Who the white man and negro are who
disturbed the peacefulness Of the Central
Railroad wharf and interrupted business
Yesterday morning at ii0;o0 O'Clock, a. d
who were arrested by Policeman Flanagan
and carried to the barracks.
For the same reason the name Of the in
teresting and respectable citizen who threw
rocks at a house about half past nine O'Clock
last night, aud who was arrested by Police
nsn Connolly and carried to the barracks,
canno. be hsd.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18

Beginning 20 Realize a Small Crop
ss q Fact-Why IL Does not Affect
Prices.

As Of considerable interest to our COM
mercial readers we give the following synop-
sis Of the last monthly circular of Messrs.
Smith, Edwards s. Co., Of Liverpool. Al
luding to the situation Of the cotton trade
they say:
"The prospects of our market have been
very keenly discussed of late in connection
with the extraordinary and unlocked for
collapse In American receipts. The great
feature of the month has been the apparent
drying up of the American crop, leading, as
It has done, to large reduction In current
crop estimates. At the end Of the year the
favorite idea In this country was six mil
lions, though In America lower figures pre-
vailed; but so bitter was the memory of last
season that the public could not be per-
suaded to believe in so short crop as the
Americans constantly asserted.
"Now, however, 1t is clear to every one
that the very bad accounts which we re-
ceived increasingly since last September
have had only too much foundation in fact,
and even the bureau estimate of 1900, 900
bales, which we all thought so absurd at the
time, had at least some semblance to truth.
We have seldom or never seen so startling a
collapse IN figures IS was witnessed this
month. Various explanations are tendered
to account for it, such as bad roads, specu-
latlVe nolulng Dy Planters, etc, out we must
admit that the unanimous opinion In
America, so far as we understand it, is that
exhaustion of supply is the true explana-
ton. The general opinionin the South now
is that the yield will not exceed 100000, a
few in New York adhere to 5,750,000, but
others 90 as low as :, 100000. We venture
no opinion, except that the scale of receipts
during January looks more like $500 900
than any other figure.
mot less wonderful than the collapse of
receipts is the perfect indifference with
which 1t is regarded. Had any one in De-
eember been asked to predict the effect of
such small figures, he could have confidently
prophesied sharp advance; but series of
events, which we have already glanced at,
chief among which is the disturbance of the
money market and the dull state of trade,
has neutrsliZsd for the present the great
reduction In our probable supply of cotton,
"The large movement OF crop at Bombay.
and the heavy shipments to this country,
also tend in the same direction, and it is
coming to be felt that there will be no Sc
we're scarcity even with a crop of five and
half millions, while FIVE and three-quarter
millions will yield sufficient"
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

New Buggy Blankets
And Travelling Wraps, AZ LaFar's.-AdU.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
TIme OF Closing the Mail.

Northern mail. 500 and P. n.
Charleston. 500 and P. e.
Port ROYAL Railroad, and P. n
For an points In Florida. 10 A. 4. ana p n
Macon ana Brunswick Railroad, 10 A. n ana
P n. -. -
ST &W. r R., 10 A. \. and 9 Pm.
Brunswick, Darien and Doboy, 10 A \. ana
qPM. ..
An points west OF Dupont on Savannah,
Florida and Western Railroad, { P n
Western mail, via Central Railroad, : A. n
and $50 Pm
FfledgeviiIe and Eatonton. $50 Pm.
Hawkinsville, 10 A. n
Savannah tSiver, Tuesday. 5 P. n
On Sunday mail for all points. ~ A n
Ofica hours from $50 A. n. to 500 P. n.
Money Order window open from $50 A. 4. 70
once open for delivery OF mails from y n to
I P on Sunday. -
stamp window open Sundays and legal holi-
DAYS from y n to / P n
Register window open Sundays and legal
holidays from y 4. TO P. Y. for delivery only.
REGISTER NAIL
Northern and 5 P. n.
Southern 10 4. n and P. n.
Western 5 Pm.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
A serious Accident.

government dredge Henry Burden, met
with a very severe accident about II O'Clock
yesterday. It seems that he was trying to
uuIoose the rope attached to the long iron
pipe which IS used for dredging, when he
was jerked by the rope against the pipe
with such force as TO break two OF his ribs
and fracture 8 third. A carriage was OBJ
tained st once and Captain Murray placed
in It and conveyed to the Marshall House,
where q physician was summoned, who gave
hls injuries the necessary attention.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
stocks and Bonds.

Stocks and bonds were comparatively
quiet yesterday, except Central, which was
in fair demand. Central common opened at
125 bid, 126 asked, and advanced point,
closing at 1861 bid, 127 asked. Some three
hundred shares were sold st from 126 to
1261l. Georgia common opened at 163 bid,
les asked. aud declined one point, closing st
162 bid. 165 asked. Central Railroad per
cent. certificates opened at $50 bid, 96H
asked, and declined half point, closing at
IS bid, e51S asked. Southwestern opened at
127 bid, 12s asked, and declined one point,
closing at i25 bid, 127 asked. New savan-
nah bonds opened a. $50 bid, So asked, and
declined s half point, closing at So bid,
S5s[ asked.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18

Collars and Cufs LaundrIed.
Leave orders at LaFar's.-AdU.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
should Be Attended To az once.

TIE efficient Chairman of the Street and
Lsne Committee, who has always been
prompt to give attention to any evils COM
planned of in his department, should take a
stroll along Liberty street in the immediate
vicinity of the Savannah, Florida and West
ern Railway. There is a horrible, ugly place
directly st the entrance to the depot yard,
which is the dread Of draymen, aud is ex-
ceedingly dangerous, more particularly
in wet weather. We yesterday saw a fine
horse, attached to a drsy, in passing over
this ugly place stumble on the uneven
ground and fall. narrowly escaping
breaking his leg. The place is not more
than twenty feet in length and the width Of
the road bed, and q half days good work
would place It in passable condition. 1t is
to be hoped, therefore, that attention will
be given TO 1t without delay.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18

Mems Dressing and Smoking Gowns
a few only left, ct LsFar's.-AdU.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
9nusraI 8uvitatiuus.

YULEE.-The friends Of Mr.. and Mrs. G. 8.
Park, and Mrs. r. E. YuLEE, are invited to at
tend the funeral of the latter from residence,
No. 81 Liberty street, at O'Clock THIS AT
TERNOON.
CARLOS.-The friends and acquaintance OF
JOHN CARLOS and family are respectfully in
vited to attend his funeral from his late resi-
Purse street, at 10 O'Clock THIS MORNING.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
SuDerior Court.

Hon. c. F. CRISP. Judge Of the Southwest
ern Circuit, presiding.
Court convened yesterday morning at 10
O'Clock, when the following proceedings
were had:
Martha D. B. Duucsn, complainant, and
4. B. Smith, Master IN ChSncery, to file his
report by the LIST of April next, with leave
to either party to accept said report within
Ten days thereafter, aud cause continued
for the term.
Sarah Rosch VS.. Central Railroad and
Banking Company of Georgia. Motion for
new trial. Argument was heard from
counsel on both sides, AMI decision of court
reserved.
Court took q recess until 10 a. m. to. day.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
PERSONAL

We find the following paragraph in the
Nashville american of Thursday last: "Hon.
Henry B. Tompkins. of Savannah, Ga, will
be married to-day at noon to Miss Bessie
A.. daughter OF Colonel G. A. Washington,
at WesyDgtoD, Robertson county, the coun-
try place Of Colonel Washington. A special
train will leave the Louisville and Nashville
depot at $3.50 this morning to convey the
invited guests to Cedar Hill, where carriages
will be in waiting to convey them to
Wesyngton,n
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
The TheaIre-Last Appearance of
HumnfF RumnlY.


HumPiy Bumpsy.
The entertainment given by George H.
Adams Humpty DumptY Troupe is IN
doubtedly the best of its character that has
ever been seen In Savannah, and though
the houses that have greeted it the past two
nights have been good, vet its merits de-
served larger audiences, as It is throughout
a good show. We have already expressed
an opinion at length in regard to it's charac-
ter, and can say nothing more than that the
performance last evening gave equal salts
faction as that Of the preceding night. The
Martinette family may be specially men
Toned, however, as having no rivals in their
peculiar line, and their efforts to please and
sstonish called forth enthusiastic applause.
Adams, as Humpty Dumpty, is assuredly
the only one worthy to wear the mantle Of
the lsmented Fox, and be has shown his
ability as a caterer TO public amusement in
gathering one Of the best and most versatile
combinations that has ever come South.
The company leave this morning for Au-
gusts, where they play tonight.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
The Electric Light TO be Substituted
for Street Lnmna.

The embroglio between those for and
against the coil gas" bids fair to outlive
even the Ocean Steamship bond question in
prol!xity, and it would be a funny thing
should step in and cary eff the disputed
bone. No light, however, whether electric,
OIL or coal, Is needed to throw light on
Mitchelrs style Of doing business, as il Is
entirely above board-fair and square.
The attention of those in need Of
Cloihiug now forcibly directed 10 the
fact that Mitchell, the Clothier,
- Whitaker street lyons Block,
must close out the remainder OF his UiRteT
stock aud price will not prove an obstacle
as sacrifices must and viii be made. Re
member, you may regret an opportunity that
seldom occurs.-AdU.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18

VIII be offered in ladies' and children's
fine French and English Hosiery, ladies'
Undervests and Corsets. Also Slack Silks,
Black Cashmeres. The balance of my
stock of Velvets, Pushes, Fancy
Feathers-in fact, all Millinery Goods, will
be sold regardless Of cost. Call early and
secure bargains. n. G. Houston, 149
Broughton street,-Adr.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
Tmportant 10 Mothers.

Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup is the
only thing that mothers can rely upon for
their children. 1t corrects aciditY Of the
stomach, cures wind collie, regulates the
bowels and gives rest, health and comfort
to mother and child. During the process OF
teething its value is iDcalculable. 1t softens
the gums, reduces Inflammation, and sDsYs
all pain, thereby giving rest to the child
and comfort to the mother. Twenty-Five
cents bottle.-AdS.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18

Opera Hats and Hats to order.
Leave measure at LaFar's.-Adu.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
Notice.

OFFICE SAVANNAH GAS LIGHT COMPANY,
SAVANNAH, January %, 1882.
The following extracts from the Minutes Of
this Company are published for the informa-
ton Of the people OF Savannah
JANUARY 18th, 1892
WHEREAS, The various improvements that
have been in progress during the past year at
the works of the Savannah Gas Light Company
with view to diminish the cost of manufactur-
ing gas from coal. or oil or other substance
can be availed Of during the coming summer;
therefore be it
Resolved, That on or before the first day of
pany for gas furnished to its patrons will be
reduced to a price as low as the diminished
cost of production will permit, leaving a mini
mum return on the capital invested. And this
company will at all times supply gas to our
citizens as low as any other company in Sa-
vannah. j. T. GILMER
Drnnidnrnf nr,d
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18
Boys Hats and Polo Caps
In variety, at LaFar's.-AdV.


are q great novelty, but BLAcKwELL's
BULL DURHAM CIGARETTES are made
from the best and pltreSt leaf tobacco, are
covered with pure imported rice paper and
do not contain any opium or other drugs so
commonly used in other cigarettes. All
genuine have trademark OF the BULL on
each package.-AdV.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18

In yesterdays News appeared q telegram
from CHARLESTON stating that s street duel
had occurred in that city between W. W.
Smith, Of Savannah, and q young man
named Taylor, aged seventeen years. We
are requested to say that Taylor is twenty
one years old instead Of seventeen, and that
Mr.. Smith did not 90 to his place Of bust
ness. but was only crossing when Taylor
crossed over the street to meet him.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1882-02-18

We give the programme entire, with the
comment that every feature was so pleas
sntly and delightfully."- presented that spe-
eial mention is unnecessary. Ire tableaux
were exquisite in conce2tiou and design and
beautiful in representation. The singers
were all In good voice, and the declams-
tinns and recitations evoked the applause
of the EFT tire audience. We are pleased to
learn that a neat sum has been realized.