davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1882-04-06
The Gypsum Beds Of Texas.
Cor. 10 the Galveston News,

The gypsum range forms an immense
belt, extending across the country ior
some 400 miles. 1t Is the most extern
tive deposit of this mineral in North
America. 1t is everywhere character
lied by the same peculiarities, with the
water issuing from it invariably bitter
and unpalatable. The geological age
TO which this formation belongs has not
been definitely determined. Notwith-
standing the fact that there have been
numerous geological parties who have
Travelled across this belt, they have all
been unable to definitely determine
the geological age to which that part OF
the State belongs, from the fact that
no fossils have been found anywhere
in these beds of gypsum. spent Two
months in this field and did not hnd q
single specimen o; any kind to fossil
I am satisfied that the ago 10 which
this gypsum stratum belongs is not
later than the Permian, and 1t probably
belongs to that period. In seVeral
places I have found permian
fossils lying Immediately above tho
gypsum beds. This mineral Is com
posed of sulphuric acid, lime and water
combined, and, when pure, In the ioi'
lowing proportions.
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1882-04-06

SOME of the eastern papers tell of
western girl who vent TO a funeral 10
fiirt with the mOurners-
San Marcos free press. [volume] (San Marcos, Tex.) 1877-1892, 1882-04-06

belt of gypsum, and that will be for
the want of cheap transportation, and
now that railroads are being built into
this country that reason need not long
continue.
It has been question among scien-
lists how these immense beds of gyp-
sum were formed. I think it probable
that they were once beds of common
limestone or carbonate of lime, and
that they were at some time subjected
to the action of free sulphurlc acid
derived from volcanic sources, which
drove out the carbonic acid and caused
a recrystallization of the mass OF cal
careous into its present form. Ii this
be true, it will account at once for the
absence of fossils in this formation.
Whether the disqualification took
place at later geological period, or
while the sea was above these beds,
and while they were still in process OF
formation, can not now be determined,
but it is more than probable that the
charge from carbonate of lime to the
sulphate of lime Gypsum occurs dur.
ing the age to which they belong; and
if am correct in supposing these beds
to belong to the lower premian, then L
think the change occurred during the
premian period. 1t may be, however,
that the gypsum of the great gypsum
formation was formed by the percola-
ton of water through the strata above
charged with free sulphuric acid, or
with sulphate of iron, derived from the
of pyrites. When such
a composition passes through the stra-
Ia and comes in contact with carbonate
of lime, it causes a decomposition of
the carbonate of lime, and gypsum is
formed. II the water is charged with
sulphate of iron, there is decomposi-
tion both of the carbonate of lime and
the sulphate of iron, and sulphate of
lime or gypsum is formed; also the
carbonate or oxide of iron. The car
Donate or oxide of iron would be de-
posted as q red powder at the place of
decomposition, while the sulphate of
lime might be carried by the water to a
Iower stratum, where il would crystal
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
MARYLAND STATE TEMPERANCE
ALLIANCE.

This organization, which has Just held
its ninth annual convention, seeks to
unite. in hearty and efficient co-opera
ton, the entire temperance sentiment of
the State, whether in the churches or in
The various reform associations. Its late
convention in the city of Baltimore pre-
sentcd most conclusive proof of its com
plete success. Delegates to the number
of nearly six hundred were accredited 10y
churches and schools. lodges, and vari-
,uS reform associations from every county
IN the State. 1t was truly a representa-
tive body, rejecting the temperance ele-
ment throughout Maryland.
Delegates were present from the Mctho-
dist Episcopal Church, the church that
has ever been ready to favor every true
reform. From the Protestant Episcopal
Church, of recent years taking so grandly
an advanced position in the temperance
cause. From the Presbyterian Church.
From the Baptist Church. whose par
tiality for abundance of water is well
known. and which is recognized as at
least the most popular of all the churches.
In fact, from nearly all the churches, as
also from the various temperance and re-
form associations.
Among the prominent men present were
the President of the Alliance. the Hon.
William Daniel; ex-Gov. Smith, Presi-
dent of the Virginia Temperance All-
ance, who is hale. hearty, and intellectu-
ally vigorous, though i'll his >5th year, a
living example of the value Of total alb
stinencc from alcoholic drinks as bev-
erage: Col Balm, the eloquent orator
from kentucky: DR.. Grammar. of st.
Peters Protestant Episcopal Church.
Baltimore: Drs McKendrell Riley, r. l..
Poulson, w. II. Boole. and ID. {. Bah
cock. of the NJ. f. Church.
Reports from nine counties where pro
hibiton prevails We're made, showing
that this law was enforced as fully as
any other, and that everywhere it's en-
forcement was attended with the most
beneficent results in the quiet thrift, in
dustry and happiness Of the people. In
three additional counties, local option is
secured. and it is hoped the option will
be made against license by large maiori-
ties.
The convention was success in every
respect and an impetus was given to the
cause all along the line. BY next May
it is confidently expected that fully two
thirds of the State will be under prohi-
bition.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29

by 443, Frederick by 42l, Garrett by a.
Queen Anne by6, Somerset by %, Mont
gemery by 155, st. Mary's by 295, Talbot
by lSS, and Washington by ,3S. 1t thus
carried twelve counties. 1t lost Howard
by 90 votes, Prince Georges by 10, Car
roll by 15l, Dorchester by 149, Hartford
by 300, Kent by 211. Outside the city OF
Baltimore the strong Democratic coun-
ties were carried-Cecil by 49,. Anne
Arundel by S24, Baltimore county by
l. 195. Worcester by 604, and Wicomico
by 54S. There We're thus five strong
Democratic counties, six weak Demo
cratic and twelve Republican counties.
Is there not some probability that the
German faction may control the Demo
cratic nominations and the general elec-
tion be carried by the Republicans? Ii
that should result, than neither Mr.. Cor
man. Mr.. Whyte nor Mr. Hamilton may
be |. 5. Senator: though Mr. Williams
or Mr.. Hamilton, or Mr.. Whytc, may be
elected Governor These general views
can't be much falsitied by fraud i'll Anne
Arundel or other counties, nor bargain
ing with Republicans.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
$2,22 ~ a Day.

lIallet Kilbourn, the Washington real
estate dealer, undoubtedly has made
money rapidly, but it is probable that
the most profitable forty-tve days of his
life, pecuniarily. were those he passed in
the custody of Sergeant-at-Arm John G..
Thompson. in 1876. The 500, 600 dam
ages awarded him make 81. 222 - for
each day he was kept in jail 1t is a fact
to be noted that no jury on earth would
have awarded such an amount of dam
ages were it to be paid by an individual,
and herein we see the recklessness of the
average man in dealing out money when
his hands are admitted to the United
should have been just what they would
have been We're Mr.. Thompson to pay
them out of his own pocket. nfortu-
nately, most Congressman make the
same distinction as the kilbourn jury
between private and the public purse
in their appropriation of money. kilbourn :
case has enlightened Congressman as TO
their power over a witness. lie refused
to show his real estate books in which it
was supposed that evidence to convict
government officers of corruption could
be found, and hence his confinement.
The Supreme Court says that the Hon
of Representatives had no power to com
pei him to reveal private business, $"
that his Imprisonment was illegal.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
ISN'T 1T LOVELY.

\ little over year ago Mr.. Constable
was using every argument i'll his power,
to persuade Mr.. John VI. Miller to bring
an action for libel against Mr. Cruik
shank. with damages laid at ten thou
sand dollars. for = bitterly personal and
abusive article which Mr.. Cruik shank
had written and published in Tie cecil
Democrat.
\ little over a year ago. Mr.. Frazer.
the other Democratic editor-who having
for several seasons failed to secure the
coveted roost in the Hole n-the- Wall,
on which Mr.. Cruikshank himself had
perched to start an iAdcpend-
ent CD newspaper.
iIr Cruikshank, suspecting that Mr..
Constable was behind Frazer. refused the
latter the business privilege of printing
his paper upon the press of TIE Dcmo-
erat office, until fully assured that Con-
stable was not the "devil - in the Frazer
shop.
Frazer crossed his breast three times.
begged Cruikshank to believe that neither
Constable nor any other " combination =
man had taken any stock in his paper.
which being duly sworn to ION parcel
gilt goblet Cruikshank concluded to
let Frazer ION. and thereafter Bowen
and Bordley. twice week, carried i'll
rolls under their arms, the independent
(?) sheets to and from the Cruikshank
mill"
And this was not very long ago. either.
Now, Mister Constable, Mister Cruik-
shank. and Mister Frazer. three sweet
Bourbon gentlemen. all lovingly rcpose
on the same political couch, spread with
"olive branches
Cruikshank opens his arms to Consta
BILE, and throws down the bars of Tile
DGmocrat for his uses in his campaign
against Judge Stump. In the meantime
the other Democratic editor Justify shouts
Let us have peas yet actually repeats
in two successive weeks an insidous at
tack upon the Judge, while Constable
anu He JON Ill attempting 10 Work up the
temperance sentiment against him. while
| Frazer, whose moral sense is so fine that
the sight of a billiard ball throws him
into spasms, swallows Cruikshanl1, pool
table and all.
Isn't it lovely?
! Isn't it funny?
Isn't an olive bra nch - both a lovely
and funny sort of thing?
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
LIFELONG OFFICE SEEKING

A Young mans life object should there
fore be- | think, to pursue Il private calling,
aud with that to cultivate the largest posi-
bic acquaintance with public affairs and the
principles on which they should be con-
Quoted: to always participate i'll elections,
and to leave public honors and responsible
ties TO seek him. and not he them >cf,ntor
EdauuiS
Senator Edmunds has put much sound
sense in his reply to three questions. The
first question was: - Ought a young man
to plan for himself a political career. or
ought, in America. no man to enter poll
tics except as he is drawn or driven into
them by circumstances: and its reply
is summed up in the above paragraph.
number of people regard politics as field
for lucrative speculation and consider the
purpose of a public career to be to amass
a fortune. On the contrary it ought to
be regarded as disreputable and 4 sign
of inferiorty for man to seek 4 public
career for the purpose of accumulating
"tt'ltii. .ihi 'ti p"pii' oSi iSS VIII hS'Si
reach Il high standard of purity until it
is. Senator Ed'"nnd- 'Npit ssts the sound
doctrine wheu !ir advises ynuug mrn not
tn become lifelong office seekers. but tn
direct their arnhitIru fna private calling.
leaving public hon" tn seek them. 1t
ought To be regarded AS a virtual confes-
sion of inability to win influence and
wealth in Il private calling when a man
resorts to politics to obtain them. In
reply to the question as to what studies
should be pursued in preparation for a
pnhhc career. Senator Edmunds saws that
to tit a man for the proper discharge Of
his duties as a private citizen is to pre-
pare him for public responsibilities. "a
knowledge of the history and constitutions
of his own State and of the United States
of the laws of civilized countries on the
subjects Of education, crime and punish
pauperism and other general subjects of
social science, and of the broad princi-
pies and application of what is called
public law. would cover the largest part
Of the subjects with which he would have
to deal as legislator OF an administra-
tive officer" In replying to a question
as to the function of a statesman in our
Republic, Senator Edmunds says, among
other things:
There is, perhaps. no one thing so
valuable to the right progress of civil
lied society as the courage of sincere in
dividual opinion; ard as it regards pub
lie affairs, the man who tries honestly to
form an accurate conclusion, and bravely
to maintain and advance it, without count
ing the number of his adversares, will full
fill the best mission of citizen, and will
be, whether in public or private station
the true politician, often the real states
man, the best teacher and the nobleSt
! leader
Dr. Abbott deserves hearty thanks for
obtaining and publishing in the CHRISTIAN
tnion such views from 4 statesman who
so conspicuously illustrates his teaching
in his own career.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
Thtl)eopl<s 4 ol""'"
THE ELECTION OF JUDGES


Edjto, 81 Tie recH Wig:
The position of the Republican party
is certainly favorable to a non partilan
Judiciary. In this judicial district or
Judges have, without exception. estah-
lished character for high toned intcgri-
ty. fairness and distinguished legal learn
in.. in fact all the requisites :" import
ant in their office, affecting a. it doe ,hr
people in their property The iudme, IL
their action, hay,. nrlrl been .rlrti-al..
In their appuiutni-li> ru i nt,nir.. ,,'
instances thr& have oeierte,. Rruuhij..u~
for office. Il i, ct.lier,.,! liza; ll,o I,t,,4f.
lican party. in The event OF lr.n.n,ina
ton of ,jr.d..e> Rninn>nn Wirka% ana
stump. would irfhral. ia l,t;.,.,. candidates
in the field IL ,.jt,n>r them. orar;nl,.iy
conceding their rr-rcr'i"n has t,,,. -
public good waving a party advantage.
The attitude Of ,,lal na.f ni' tle p.rio-
cratic party leo h, Mr.. un,raslr. il, r,Y..
ing the nomination of Nj. rruik>hank III
place of Judge Stump. NAV ,u, 4 differ
ent phrase on the question rs i, concerns
the Republican party. \ writer IN Il
Talbot county paper, assumes that the
Democrats have a majority in the dis
trict and that the Democratic nominees
will be elected in any rypin, He SAYS
the RpDublican party has no suitable men
in the district for candidates as indreS.
and having named list of five LAWYERS.
whose fitness for the position might bc
considered he concludes there are none
others. The ignorance of thi, writcl. is
very surprising. The special uualtica-
tion of the Republican LAWYERS of the
other counties are not 50 we'll known in
Cecil nor is their number hut certainly
we have no lack of material in Cecil, if
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
His Record.

Mr.. EDTToR:-Not belonging to either
wing of the Democratic party, engaged
in the fight for the Judgeship, and one
who thinks that in equity and justice,
that at least one Of the Judges on the
bench should Id be Republican, | suppose
| may be considered an impartial witness.
The contemplate and unmanIy charges
brought against Judge Stump are below
the lowest political warfare. For the
last six years have attended every term
of the county court. have met Judge
Stump in ordinaty course of business life
and in social life and have never seen ol
witnessed one act or word to indicate that
he was not in every sense competent
judge and gentleman. and in all eases
brought before him under the social
ed Local Option Law" | defy any
one to point out one act or decision
pointing to partiality in the administra
ton of the law. II we cannot have one
Republican Judge on the Bench, ! know
Of no man in the judicial district who
would he more acceptable to the Repub,
lican party than Judge Stump.
RFPuBIICAN.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
EMERSON NEARING THE END

The news that Ralph Waldo Emerson
Concord home, will be received with sad
ness and apprehension, for he lacks but
a year and Il month OF octogenarian age,
and has been slowly failin. for year or
more. With all his labors he has led so
philosophical and we'll regulated a life
that his approaching eud of existence
has been slowly and gradually announc
ed through falling strength of mind and
body. Last July he said. according to
the TrtbuHe: II am glad to see you. yet
fear can do little. | can only disap-
point those who come to see me. find
| am losing myself, aud wander away
from the matter that have i'll mind.
cannot say much. Then | begin to lose
myself And so wnen my friends come
to see me | run away, instead of going
to meet them. that | may not make them
suffer. My health is good enough. But
when ones wits begin to fail. it is time
for the heavens to open and take him
away"
This agrees with other reports and in
crease the fear that any severe illness
will remove the most venerable and ven
Grated figure in American literature and
philosophy, if not, indeed, among all
Americans Yet his work is done; his
active career has been prolonged and full
of victories. successes and honors, and
further life can only be tedious waiting
for the end.
Nothing remains to be said in .udg-
ment on the contributions which Emer-
and thought. On both sides Of the At
lantic his rank among philosophers,
poets and men has been fixed by com
mon consent Of both the highest critical
authorities and of average public opin-
ion. 1t has been his good fortune, or
rather the result of his peculiar, clear
seeing and perfectly poised genius, to
gain from all classes of readers appreci-
alton according to the measure of their
ability.
Since the above was put in type, the
announcement of Mr. Emerson's death,
which occurred on Thursday night. has
been received. His death resulted from
acute pneumonia.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
TORBERT'S TACTICS"

An anonymous scribbler, i'll Tie Dem-
ocrat of last week, pretending To be
from the Sixth district, but really writ
ten in the Third, started out to invent a
shabby lie about the editor of this paper.
1t is scarcely necessary to say that he
succeeded. And still he is not happy.
knyt.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29

Monday. The President reserves To him
self. when he is ut home to Chester A.
Arthur and nobody else, except by invita-
ton. Saturday is the day most cnnve
nient for members Of Congress to inter
view the Executive: Tuesday and Friday
are Cabuct days: "n Tuesday night the
President holds 4 levcc: Wednesday and
Thursday. with Saturday, aIe days Tor
the general public at the White House.
Between - ant, / o'clock the visitors to
Washington vino ALWAYS want to pay their
respects to the President. and regard ii
as one of the chef events Of trip to
the Capital to be allowed TO make a briei'
excursion into the apartments of the
Executive. take him tor IN instant 10y the
hand, and glance into his face. are shown
in. and go through that queer and solemn
ceremony. The afternoon is usually con-
sumed in receiving callers with whom Il
special appointment has been made
Senators, Judges. prominent public men.
etc. who have matters of special import
ancc to talk about. President Arthur
remains in his office until / or ! o. !ock.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
NATIONAL ARBOR DAY.

State Arbor Days are observed with
much interest and profit in the West,
Nebraska having been the first to ap-
point such day eight years ago. 1t is
:"..'- s,.., .s.,.,i.,si IN r. III the first Ar
sDr d.. l. j. evident that. greater in
ttrest wound be felt in the annual tree
planting day ii the same day were ap-
pointed thrnu shout all the States.-
Minnesota observes the first Tuesday i'll
May as Arbor Dry, but the difference in
ka cannot be great enough to require a
difference Of nearly Il month i'll the time
%: ree-planting. All the Northern
States. and perhaps the Southern ones
also can fix upon one day in the Fear fa-
rorable in each for the planting Of trees.
Arbor Day in Ohio occurred on Thurs
day, and in Cincinnati where the Nation
al Forestry Congress has been in session
this week, much interest was felt in the
ceremony Of planting Presidents
grove in Eden Park. Presidents Grove
is to contain tree painted in honor of
each of the twenty Presidents of the
United States, and the preparation for
the ceremony, in connection with the
Forestry Congress. has attracted 50
much attention that this year Arbor
Day witnessed the plant ing of an unusu-
al number of trees in Ohio. If a similar
interest in tree planting on one day of
every year could be excited throughout
the Union. the loss of forests would not
long continue to be seven millions of
acres annually. The late Maryland Leg
islature appointed Forestry Commits
sion, and the preservation of our re-
naming forests and the planting Of new
ones is alike a question of State and
national Importance.
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
Gov. Haniltons Daughter Suing For Di-

y dispatch 10 the Baito. Sun. dat ed
lIagerstown, April is, says:
suit has been entered for the div orc'
cf GOV. IIamilton's daughter, who was
recently married to Yeung Stanhope. il
Carroll county The record on the chan,
Gerry docket in the Circuit Court foi
Washington county reads as follows
Glare Stanhopc -. John l.. Stanhope.
April II. Blll in equity filed and sum,
mons ISSUED To- Baltimore city. johnson
,h. = and Poe for plaintiff. Gov. Ham
ton. a. 4 member of the bar, has re
..l,.rc,l t" thr clerk for the papers IN the
,.asv. tnti lit, rupN can he obtained unit
appearance has h.'cn entered ior the de
tcnsr. NJ. laIv NtAnnope has not
been in TINS community since the diSCoy-
cay If the marriage IN September last.
NJ. john T. >>janhorc. the husband
~rr. ice "i any papers i'll III" divorce cast
instituted may H. made. Ii iS tic de
termination "i Nr. ,~tanhopc and hi,
ilic;,l> Ia get to The bottom OF the ma:
ter. Eminent counsel will be cmptuy ed.
Mr. ~tanhorC can Say nothing set as Il
what action he viii pursue, no know /
edge "i the grounds npcn which I ii
yor"c j. asked further than general ri
NOR. the nrigina! papers being in til,
hands OF Gov. Hamilton. tnc father G
the alleged complainant.
~ 80. ~rs--
The Cecil Whig., 1882-04-29
About Democrats Slanderlng Democrats

EplToR OF THE CECIL WHIG:-Win
You allow me space i'll your Peoples
Column = for few words in condemna-
ton of the unmanly course bein" pur-
sued by the Democratic opponents of
Judge Stump" In the Wilmington Erfra
Eremtng of Thursday last, l noticed
gross attack upon him, inspired without
doubt by Democratic manager in Elk
ton. who although very active recently
in working up the whisky sentiment
against Local Option. in which he had
the non n-committal help of his silent ally
of The feril Dem0crat, is now hoping to
work up the temperance sentiment. as
sisted by the rrliGiouS' editor of the
1ther Democratic newspaper. i'll this laud
able enterprise ni breaking dawn Judge
Stump. To advance the personal interests
of MesSrs. C.ulkshank and Unstable.
The slander. to which | refer, is the
charge repeated in the E.cTy h'.a:"g,
that Judge stump, during the lime that
Longs case was pending. had 900 much
familiarity with Long establishment. =
Now the writer of this ,.nc" he vas
lying when he wrote il. f,T ne IN tIi,. Yer.
next line confesSPS :hat = il l,iN he l.rye
campaign tilk, h1! 1T j. i.n,ji;ytiy
stated
He falsiIuN i "ItI time. tor he knew
that their vas no such ''rampaign talk
IN Elkton. Ii il, iis talk Inr :. puIpusc.
given as iHlh. F,u; -til. t5."nl Ia h.yr H.
effect.
The fat!.erslit, oi A ies'' lhe iI.>I,ili
tion Of that letter is ptain. And Yet The
man thus maligncd was The gent eman
for whom the suggcst"r, II not ths writer
of this libel. felt pcrleG1ir tricudiy
towards. and whose benefits, a. nudge he
was willing to work. il nr Mitchell
would only bind himself to suspicious
political bargain, which ht, Dr. Mitchell.
Mr.. Clinton Mccullough. Mr.. Nm. :.
Evans. all decliH,H before Mr.. rliks shank
got chance to accept it. And now these
gentlemen hope to advance the interests
of their combination hy hesmirching
Judge Stump. 1t won't work.
a DENo' RAT OPPOSED TO
POLTrIC NJ. BAErN,>~.