davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1882-04-29
The Mandarin, or 0fscial Language of
China.
\ MEMORANDUM BY d. b. McCARTEE.


1.-The official language, or, as it is fire.
quently called, the mandarin dialect
of China, is n strictly coLLoQuidL dia-
lect, t.e-, used only in speaking, and never
employed in diplomatic, official, or epis-
tolatory correspondence, nor in writing
Official forms OF any kind, nor in books,
except IN few novels, or In books pub
i5hed by the Christian missionaries. The
only exception, to this rule, that /
now recall, is the popular para
phase OF the Emperor Yung Ching's
exposition Of the sacred edict of his I'm
perial father K'anghi. All Chinese officials
are expected TO learn to speak the official
dialect, although many OF them succeed
very poorly in their attempts to do so. The
British, French, and other foreign Consular
and other Diplomatic attaches in China are
also required to learn the official (spoken)
dialect, and to read and translate the t0ritten
language (which is entirely different from
any of the spoken dialects) but they are not
required to- learn any OF the local dialects.
civil officers or civil madarins, as they are
frequently termed by Europeans and
Americans, are not allowed to hold office in
their own province, consequently, very
many of them are unable to understand the
colloquial dialect of the people of their
Jurisdiction and an official interpreter is,
OF necessity, a regular appendage of the
court When / had the honor to be the
u. = assessor in the Mixed Court at Shsng-
hal, where many dialects were spoken,
there we're attached to the court an inter-
prefer for the Tokein dialect and an inter
prefer for the Canton dialect. The Chief
Judge, native of Hangchow, understood
the Official, the Ningpo, and the Shanghai
dialects The u. 5. assessor in addition
these understood also, the Shantung dialect
but in the ordinary Chinese tribunals, the
presiding officer Is not required to know
any other than the court dialect. All peti-
tiOns, rescripts, warrants, and official docu-
ments Of all kinds drawn up, not in
q" mandarin" nor in the colloquial of the
place, but i'm the LOTitteII language, which
IS absolutely the same in every part Of
China.
"A man may be fluent speaker Of the
official language COR "mandarin,"l or OF the
collOquial of the place, and yet be utterly
Incompetent to transact any legal or judi
cial business, or to draw up, or read under
standingIy, any legal document, or form, or
prOclamation-and much more incompetent |
to transact any diplomatic business.
3.-To be an adept in the Chinese written
language, to be able to read and translate |
Chinese documents without the aid of a
teacher (who translates them orally into the
spoken language), requires a long period of
time and years Of labOrious study.
4--One who has already acquired a faci- |
lity in speaking more than one dialect, and |
who is also familiar with the written Ian |
guage, will be generally found able to ac- |
quire an additional diaLect with, compara- |
lively, little labor.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1882-04-29
A Wilde Seance.
(Frtm he Wasp.l

While Captain Foster was swapping lies
with Ned Fry, out at the Cliff House, last
Monday, Oscar drove up with Mr.. Locke,
and, taking a stained glass attitude on the
balcony, was for some minutes lost in q
contemplation of the grand old ocean break
ing on the cliffs far down below him.
"How grand the roar Of ocean, he said,
dreamily, to the Captain.
The Captain was little aback, but agreed
that il was.
HWould any price be too great for the
glory of watching hour by hour, and day by
day, through the placid waveless days of
summer and the grand turbulence OF the
wintry gale T'
Fifty a month";" said the Captain, who,
while Oscar sighed unheeded, asked Fry
what kind of a canary bird it was, anyhow.
After time they went to the bar, where
Oscar ordered +" some milk, fresh from ma
ture's odOrous laboratory" while the 9TH
els took little lemon in theirs. Then Fry
and the Captain and another gentleman sat
down to play 4" dollar ante"
'What eez dollar ante ?'' said Oscar,
dreamily, in a mezzo-soprano sigh.
They explained.
"I too will I'LL in the passing hour, if
may" ~,
and chuekled away down in their bronchial
tubes.
a great sadness was upon him. Some
times an unutterable melancholy would fill
with dark shadows his dreaming eyes, but
he said Iittle-only sighed.
times he might have been heard to remark
sUmething about dynamite
Mr. Fry was also little melancholy, but
talked in different strain, several times
By and by il was Oscars deal, and he
earessed the cards gently and distributed
them mournfully, like crumbs at COM
muniOn.
Everybody went in. The Captain took
two cards Fry took one, and Oscar one.
81 will contribute a five spot" said the
Captain, locating a five-dOllar piece in the
center of the green
1t will cost you five more" remarked
Mr. Fry, disseminating ten
ssBeshrew me, but am oppressed with
doubt ~ murmured Oscar. "COuld / but
penetrate the dark veil OF the future-but,
no nay, then will risk all )" and he doubt
fully and sadly put up his portion.
ss'Ten harder, said the Captain.
uTen more than you," remarked Fry.
Oscar knitted his brow. "Verily am in
the vortex and the o'ershadowing sky Is
murky, but must stay. L will-how do
YOU phrase it-call, call on you"
And the Captain Joined the merry throng.
Three aces" said he
Full hand, ;" said Fry proudly, as he
showed his cards and reached for the money.
HTOO. too" the poet murmured, as he al
most weepingIy laid down four deuces.
And when the Captain had flung his cards
out of the window and Fry was making the
air blue with interjections, Oscar winked
his eve audibly, and remarked in his nat
ural frame of fmind:
Now that / remember it, gentlemen,
we used to indulge in this little recreation
at Oxford. Come and take snifter with
me-"
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1882-04-29

Advertisers residing Eastcrn United states.
their cards BY Grecuhacls United States
Postage stamps for sech he, wsh and their
cards viii De inserted above table, Tor the time paid Tor
IL Business Cards, when rBErAfn A TKAk,
allowed discount rcm tessIatss which ot transient
advertisements whcn paid or charged quarterly.
Srgie copies ADVERTISER Cents when charged
Fiiteen Gents; by the doEtp, one Dollar.
The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1882-04-29

e You can buy most beautiful straw hat
for only 81, at CHAs. j. FIsHELs' POPULAR
STORE.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
Tho P0stOfice Denartment.

The annual report of Third Assistan
Postri General Hazen states that the
Ordinary receipts of the department for the
fiscal year ended June 80, 1882, amounted to
S4i,515,642.SO 80, and the net money-order re-
ceipts to $500, 7677.35, making total revenue
of S41,S76,41O.15. The expenditures of
the department amounted to $4o,e3s,-
over expenditures of 1885, 775.4 40.
From this surplus, however, should be de-
Quoted the outstanding liabilities, estimated
ut 1928, 6O.46, which will leave a net surplus
of receipts over expenditures of 81 sos, 224.9 81.
The revenue for the year is $5,091, OLE. 18
more than that for the preceding year, or
.nearly fourteen per cent, while the expendi-
lures are only $717, 134.17 more than those of
the previous year, or less than two per cent.
In the estimates for the service of the
year ending June 30, 1884, appropriations for
Of Congress, the postal receipts are put OF
S5O,670,456, and the expenditures at $780,
plus Of receipts of s3,929,345. The
number of postage stamps, stamped
envelopes, newspaper wrappers and postal
cards issued to postmasters in the year
reached the enormous aggregate of 1,740,-
571,038. Their total value was $4O,97 8,053.4 Y,
being more than eighteen per cent. in ex-
cess of the value for the previous year.
The whole number of pieces of mail mat
Ter received and handled in the dead letter
Office during the year was 4,2s5,2S5, about
fifteen per cent increase over the previous
year. The great majority of these were I'M
claimed letters and parcels; 275,24o were held
for postage, PA, rs were misdirected. and
I'LL bore no superscription. Of those
opened over $4,000 contained money amount
ing to $44,32G.G5; over 1900 contained
drafts, checks, money orders, etc., amount-
ing in face value to $l,9G2, 413.73 over 1885,
600 contained merchandise, books, jewelry,
postage stamps, receipts, paid notes, etc.
aud about 5000 contained photographs.
The whole number of letters and parcels
registered in the year was 9,G27,92
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
IT AND VEST

A YOUNG woman named Marie Nette, while
gathering tamarack gum in the woods near
Chippewa Falls, Wis, was killed and de-
voured by bears.
FLAMES in Baltimore destroyed the Airing
ton variety theatre. John Pearson, a young
man, was burned to death, and several other
persons we're injured.
JAMES w. S1MoNroN, a prominent jour-
nalist and for many years manager of the
New York Associated Press, died at his resi-
dence near Napa, Cal, aged fifty-eight years.
On the Same day Willard p. Hall, e1-
governor of Missouri, died at st. Joseph, ut
the age of sixty-four years.
DENVER, COL, and other places in it's vi
cinity have been we'll shaken by an earth
quake.
Two colored men in Jail at Vienna, La, on
the charge of having robbed and a~ttemptedto
murder an old white man, were taken from
confinement by a crowd of men and shot to
death.
DURING a row between whites and blacks
at Varnville, S. c., a white policeman was
shot doad and four other white men were se-
verely beaten.
A FIRE at Nicola, Iowa, destroyed ten Of
the principal business houses.
AuGusT KnuMm, of Baltimore, made de-
spondent by the recent death of his wife, cut
his throat with a butcher knife.
THOMAS j. NAv1N, ex-mayor of Adrian,
Mich, who escaped some timo ago after
forging city bonds, has been arrested at Ell
Paso, Texas.
A PASSENGER train collided with q freight
train near Quincy, ILL.,. and many cars were
demolished. A fireman, a brakeman and q
passenger were badly hurt.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
"Wire the Gentleman"

The new verbs which the rush of
progress brings into use are often
stumbling-blocks to the simple. The
fun comes in when ignorant persons
get frightened at them and 60 off with
out asking what they mean The
Louisiana Commercial says:
Two young women entered an in
telligence office and one Of them asked
if there was any situation open.
The agent said he had just received
a letter from a gentleman in Pough-
kecpsie, asking if they could send up a
servant girl. The agent explained
what work she would be required to
perform and the wages she would
get.
The girl consulted for a few mo-
ments with her companion and then
said she would 60.
The agent gave her the necessary
directions and told her at what time
| she would have to be at the station,
with the assurance that she would 60
through all right. The girl listened
dlIcntlFeIS.
"Now you must be sure and go
through all the way" said the agent,
"and not get off"
yes" said the girl.
"And don't let anybody talk to you
and ask you to 60 with them," said
the agent.
"Yes," said the girl.
81 will write at once what time you
will get there and they will expect
you," said the agent. "You will get
there tomorrow"
eyes" said the girl.
eff you have any difficulty when
you reach the railroad station, wire the
gentleman" handing her his card,
"and he will meet you at the station"
ell not stir a peg, SO l won't. I'll
engage to wash, iron and plain cook
for the family, but I'll not do all this
and wire gentlemen for fourteen dol
lars Il month, so I WON'T" and she
went out of the Office.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
William Penn.

Tread at the commenoration OF the AGth
anniversary of the landing of William Penn
at Chester, Pa. The poem was written by
Mr.. Whittier when a boy Of sixteen.]
The tyrant on his gilded throne,
The warrior in his battle dress,
The holier triumph meier have known
4 OF justice and of righteousness.
EFounder of Pennsylvania! Thou
Didst feel it when thy words of peace
sSmoothed the stem chieftain's swarthy brow
And babe the dreadful war dance cease.
On Schuylkill's banks no fortress frowned
The peaceful cot alone was there;
No beacon fires the hilltops crowned,
No death shot swept the Delaware.
In manners meek, i'll precepts mild,
Thou and thy friends serenely taught
! The savage huntsmen, fierce and wild,
To raise to heaven his erring thought.
How all unlike the bloody band
That unrelenting Cortez led
To princely Montezuma's land,
And ruin round his pathway shed.
With hearts that knew not how to spare,
Disdaining milder means to try,
The crimson sword alone vas there,
The Indians choice to yield or die.
But thou, meek Pennsylvania sire,
Unarmed, alone, from terror free,
Taught by the heather council fire
The lessons of Christianity.
Founder of Pennsylvania State!
Not on the blood-wet rolls of fame,
But with the wise, the good, the great
The world shall place thy sainted name.
1 1924. John G. Whittier.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
The Man in The Moon.

The common account of the man in
the moon, that he is the individual
whom the Israelites stoned for gather
ing sticks on the Sabbath, is probably
only a modernized version Of a much
older story. The earliest form of the
many similar stories seems to be that
the moon as a man, and a far-seeing
one, has a power yer mankind which
he can exercise at will for their hurt or
punishment. In the Edda, the moon
takes up two children, who were doing
nothing more than carrying water-pots
on their shoulders. In Swabia, children
who look out of windows are still some
times cautioned against being carried off
by the man in the moon; nor are they al
lowed, in imitation Of the hare in the
moon, to make the figure of a hare on
the wall with their fingers. In the
same district, the sin of the man in the
moon was simply that of working in
his vineyard by moonlight; while ac-
ording to another version, a woman
was taken up for spinning at her win
dow by moonlight, and her flax and
hal; may still be seen there. TO this
day this primitive idea of sin against
the moon exists in Swabia. where it is
still thought sinful to spin or saw in
the moonlight, and it is a common
thing to hear it said: leave off work.
ing or you will 60 to the mOon.'
Stories therefore of the moon which
connect the punishment of a residence
there with offenses against morality or
Christian ordinances, may be supposed
to have less antiquity than those
which connect it by no sin at
all or with sin against the
moon itself. For instances, such
stories us the Bohemian one that the
moon, having warned a thief against
stealing pears, took him up when he
persisted in doing so; or the Tyrolese
and German tales, that the loon carried
off a rascal who went about at night
striking sheep with a fork, or whoheld
brambles before the moor to conceal
his theft of a horse, of cabbages, cher
ries, fish or checse-seem to be the
adaptation of a more primitive belief
to a changed and somewhat advanced
state of thought rather than the ex-
preston of the earliest notions on the
subject. The further addition to these
stories that the thief or profane Sab
bath breaker bears his load of cabbageS
or sticks for all eternity, as an eternal
warning to mankind, seems an addi-
tional confederation of this hypothesis.
-COrNhW M0y0zine.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
AnecdOtc Of Frank James.

Among the anecdotes which the ad-
mirers of Frank James love to relate
to the glory Of their hero is n be-
longing to the period of the Columbia
(Ky.) bank robbery. When the men,
bers of the band had decided upon
that exploit they spent a week in ex-
ploring the surrounding country in the
guise Of cattle-buyers, Frank James
being Hospitality entertained for sew
eral days at the house of a wcll-to-do
farmer. During that time he dill
gently cultured the social amenities,
frolicked with the cildren and made
himself particularly agreeable to their
grandmother. The old lady's chief de-
light in life was to peruse the Pilgrims
Progress. James professed to be
deeply interested in that work, pored
over it by the hour, and when, finally,
he took his departure, begged her not
to disturb the mark which he had
placed at the point where he was
obliged to stop. A few days later,
when the country was ringing with
the story of the murder and robbery,
the old lady scorned to believe that her
pious young friend was a desperate
villain.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
N0rUrpian GrayeyardS.

A national characteristic is the re-
markable care that Norwegiads bestow
on their g%raveyards. I stumbled on
one at Christiansandt on a Saturday
evening and found it alive with people
busily engaged in the work of dressing
the plots and ornamenting the graves.
The graveyard was not an untidy field
like many of our old churchyards, nor
yet was it a stiff and trim garden like
most of our modern cemeteries. 1t was
a quiet and secluded rustic retreat in
the midst of a little wood, under the
shade Of ash trees, hirches, bceches and
lines. The graves were not mounds
covered with green sod q; they stood
high almost like boxes, and were
overgrown with periwinkle and
covered on the top with flowers
either growing in the soil or in
flower-pOts, or set in vases and crystals
of various shapes, that Of the cross
being the most common. The care
and neatness with which the graves
and grave-plots were kept were quite
remarkable. Each family plot formed
a little garden, with walks and flower
beds, and generally with a little iron
seat at n side of it, where the sor-
rowing friends might sit and mediate.
On nearly every plot n OF two ladies
were busily engaged in trimming and
dressing the garden. They had little
rakes in their hands and also little
watering-cans, with which they
dressed and watered their flowers and
shrubs. Fuschias, roses, geraniums,
lilies and other flowers were growing
luxuriantly on many graves. This
surely is an Improvement on the dismal
yew trees and the ugly immortellcs OF
basket china to which we are too much
accustomed. There can hardly be any
filter or more pleasing emblem of the
life beyond than pretty flowers and
graceful trees. with their constant life
and with their bloom evcr being re-
newed from season to season.-London
Times.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
r O WASHINGTON.

AUGUSTUS G. SoTELDo, for nine months a
prisoner on the charge of having killed his
brother, A. M. Soteldo, during n fracas in
the editorial rooms of the Washington Re-
publican, was acquitted, the jury bringing in
q verdict of not guilty without leaving their
seats. A. NJ. Sotcldo was a journalist, and
certain charges of ~disreputable conduct had
been made against him in the Republican.
Calling with his younger brother, Augustus,
upon the managing editor, Clarence NJ. Bar
ton, a struggle occurred, during which the
elder Sotcldo was MORALLY wounded, and his
brother was arrested, charged with having
fired the fatal shot.
TIE values of the imports of merchandise
into the United States during the twelve
months ended September 30, 1882, were
$749,633,347, and during the twelve
months ended September 30, 1881,
$645, 733, FOG, showing all increase of $780,
$685. 41. The values of the exports of domes-
tic and foreign merchandise from the Uni
ted States during the twelve months ended
September 80, were S737, 491, 47S, and during
the twelve months ended September 3d.
1881, $685. S2, 1896, showing O decrease Of
$14S,491,45S.
CHIEF BROOKS, of the secret services diyi-
sion, has been informed that counterfeit $40
notes of the series of 1876 have appeared in
New York city.
REAR-ADM1aAL CHARLES q. Poon, on the
retired list since 1870, died the other day of
apople1y Mt his residence in Washington.
He had been in the United States naval SER
vice since 1926.
GENERAL SHERMAN, in his annual report as
general of the army, says that the fear of
exceeding the limit of 5000 men, or tho
difficulty of enlisting men in these prosperous
times, has kept tho army below what the
honor or tho necessity of the country de-
mands, and he advises a change of the
limit 10 10000. The troops during the
transition period on the frontier,
he says, have lived in holes in tho
ground, in houses made of green cottonwood
logs, infested by vermin, in temporary shan
ties, generally without q murmur; but now
this battle with poverty is over, or nearly so,
and appeals to Congress TO confer on the
President, the secretary of war, or on n
board of general officers, tho power to desig-
nate the places strategic importance at which
to erect suitable permanent buildings for
properly quartering the troops. During the
year there was a loss to the army by deser-
ton of 33,721 men, and General Sherman nd
yises rs a remedy "a more liberal treatment
of a good soldier and a more certain punish
ment of the deserter."
ENGINEER MELVILLE gave to tho Jeanette
board of inquiry, after Lieutenant Danen-
hover had concluded his testimoney, q de-
tailed account of the life led OH the ill-fated
steamer during the time that she was im-
bedded in the Arctic ice.
CENSUS statistics concerning petroleum
manufactures: On May 81, 1880, there
were in the United States eishty-six Pc
troleum manufacturing establishments
with m invested capital of So, 395, 74G. The
amount of crude oil used during tho year was
731, 533, 1877 gallons, and the value of manu-
featured products $43, 7O5,21S.
The Abbeville press and banner. [volume] (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, 1882-11-22
FOREIGN NEWS.

ATTACKS upon the Jews recommended in
Prcssburg, Hungary. Drunken rioters plum.
dered their shops and killed q woman Ten
rioters were arrested.
A BERLIN dispatch says that the German
government proposes to prohibit the impor.
tation of American swine, pork and sausage
meat on account of the frequent existence
therein of trichinosis.
SEVERAL villages in Northern Syria have
been destroyed by IN earthquake.
DR. SCuwE1NFuETH, the explorer, writes
that all the provinces of Egypt lying south
and west of KhartouIn are in the hands of
fanatical insurgents, followers of the False
Prophet, and that Khartoum is only hanging
on by Il thread. The army has been cut
down by constant disastrous combats with
the False Prophet, and is reduced to half its
original size. The mass of the population
believe in the ever victorious False Prophet.
Six thousand men, DR.. Schweinfurth says,
were massacred in June by Mahd.'s army,
which is reported to number 150,O0 men,
and is desperately brave. As soon as the
town of Obeid has fallen the army, it is en-
pected, will march on Khartoum. DR..
S%chweinfurth also states that the governor of
the Soudan estimates that during the war
80, 900 of the False Prophets followers have
perished.