The Northern Pacific farmer., 1882-10-05
DAIRY AND STOCK.

His Views on the Subject-An Able
! Address.
The leading feature at the Redwood Coun-
ty, Mimi, fair, was the address of Col. Nc
Glincy of Elgin, ILL.,, on dairying. Col Nc
Glincy traced the development of the dairy
industry from the east to the west, finally
locating the forced center of the business for
the future in Iowa, Minnesota and Wiscon-
sin. The following are extracts from his
| address,:
| Twenty five years ago it was generally conceded
| that the Western and Northwestern States would
farming would not be thought of. and if a man had
limited at the possibility of the farmers becoming
darymen' he was at once suggested as a suitable II zoe
candidate for an insane asylum To New York,
] Vermont and portions of the other New England
! States, the dairy industry looked upon as an
Inheritance of which they could by no means be
ship was dspeled as the farmers Of Illinois, and
| especially those who had emigrated from the Hud-
| SON and Mohawk valleys, began the system: and
! although they were obliged to combat the deep
rooted prejudice which then prevailed, they event.
uay succeeded beyond their most sanguine ex-
| pcctations.
cess, and in the dairy industry this was again ver-
fled, for closely following Northern Illinois came
Wisconsin, Iowa saw it was good for WISCONSIN
and made the effort to initiate her sisters, and the
| result has been gratifying indeed Minnesota,
which contains within her borders people from all
the States OF the Union, Us well as representatives
from all foreign lands. followed suit of The
Southern counties, and it has been clearly Demon
| srated that the business be successfully and
protltably carried in this State, and no one need
be surprised to learn that Minnesota will, in short
| time, double her production Of daily goods. For
proof of this assertion let us look at some of the
requirements for success, and first we find the eli
! mate to be of great Importance, not only to the
health of the people, but the cattle as we'll. Draw
| line across the State from east to west begin
ming at the center Of Chi*,ro county and stopping
at the northern extremity Of Big Stone lake, and
| we find that portion Of Minnesota is peculiarly
! blessed as regards climate
The soil in Tins portion OF the State is rich, warm
! ioam from two to three feet high, with a porous
clay sub soil the surface greatly nndulating ording
| natura! drainage and permitting cultivation as
soon "a the frost leaves the grounds. Minnesota
is peculiarly favored III regard to her water supply.
Thousands of lakes, containing pure cold water,
to be found all over the State furnishing abund-
| ant supply for the cattle we'll for at the
| creameries. Springs also abundant, and wells
| can be sunk anywhere with an absolute Ger ainty of
striking excellent water at from twenty to forty feet
| All tho ice necessary for summer use can be had
from the lakes, close at hand: At the creameries
| mucl water is needed for cooling the cream, keep
ing the butter COOL and for thoroughly cleansing all
the implements, utensils and building itself, for
| success in a large measure depends upon absolute
cleanliness.
! MINNESOTA CAN FURNISH EXCELLENT FEED
and enough of it to make dairyng profitable.
| Then with climate, soil, water and systematic,
int lligen labor if required, and we arc satisfied
our people possess this knowledge to large degree,
SO that this industry will be aided and encouraged
| By all that j. necessary to make it Il remnneratya
| investment for the farmers who engage in it, *
| Truly Minnesota combines more natural elements for
| making it dairy State than almost any of the
! others classed in the Northwestern group.
During the year sS1 tho four Northwestern n
States of Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota,
! proiucel butter and cheese to the value of $780,
OUO, 900. I have no reliable data to what pro-
portion Of this rulymagniticent sum was contributed
by Minnesota, bnt it was certainly in keeping with
cr.asing in the State let us again consult the otfica
figures of the United States census. In 1870 Min
nesota had l2l ,4s7 milk COWS, and in $50 275,-
3d. an increase of l2l per cent. There are to-
beside about ten cheese factories. An average COW
will produce 200 pounds Of butter per year, and if
| care is taken in the Manufacture it will Sell at an
! average of 25 cents Der pound. giving $50 as tho
product OF the cow in butter alone. Her skim milk
is worth for feed on the farm at least $40 per year,
and many claim it is s,W Wor'h H.: double that sum-
| of $40, from which must be deducted the cost Of
feeding, which will probably be about $l5, and the
cost of making and marketing the butter, which
will prhtns rot exceed $ 10 per year, thus leaving
| a ret profit Of bl5 per COW. have met number
| Of dairy men in the State. men who milk from fif-
teen to twenty-five COWS, who tell Inc that these
hrntts are larger than what have figured. At
HHclestrr, q number of darymen report net
profit Of 80 per COW per year. Nov, what hf s
ltcn done by these dairy farmers can be done y
the farmers of Redwood county, If they will bay
attention to details a;l exercise even the ordinary
care they do in their other farming onerations.
Tire pound Of butter can be obtained from 100
pounds of milk, if proper attention is given to
cooling the milk drawn from the COW.
TomAny people the making of butter is
! GREAT MYSTERY.
ih" only secret to this mystery, called, is regu-
la'ty AMI uniformity. Regularity in feeding wafer
in=, caring for and milking the COWS, without
w!;:'h there is an absolute certainty of failure.
one who rigilly adheres to regularity, who III fact
insists that the family may be neglected, but tho
cows never. Closely allied to regularity is uniform
lily on the art Of the butter maker. His cream
mn;t bH kHp, at a uniform temperature: 1t must
| rp'.u ufomy: must he churnel uniformly: the
butter, when in tl, lite pellet must be washed
car"fuily; it must he colored uniformly: it must be
! sai;,t with accuracy: guess work will not do; the
salt must he weighed as carefully as though it were
turn too much on the table may break down the
.Sa', destroy tho flavor and cause rlncity in
c"'nr"ra ively fresh butter. Then uniform style
ii package is necessary, often the package helps
! ,cr: mate! tally to sell the butter
| ]:'" price vi goo1 three -year-old COW in this
''ac will average $50, and in two years ~' q will
Ian i,ave paid for herself. besides g,t.l, the
lm ,,.f ard l'fer, and the inter when two
!: 'f years old, and ofte,ssooner, will begin to
:%' ,c'U"ns that will overhaiance the expense Of
her Arr;,in.. THUS it will bo seen that the farmer
who viii diversity his farming. add few cows, sell
l|!r cream and raise hi: calves AMI uigS, will b.. far
lnore f'';':u'e than the one who adheres to wheat
raising, >ini,S because he has not the ambition to
chang, because I've thinks that each year h." may
be favored by Providence, or he gwen crop in
sli:e oi the *ras!n. The dairy business gives the
farmer cash. he becomes independent, and is not
nh'ig'L to ~ ae with the dealer who accommodates
| him with credit.
mas ,h" proftabcness of the dairy business, let
! e cite YOU to dairy farmer in Big Stone county,
| WHO it>t year MIXED seventeen cows. He con-
rac"i lis butter at 80 cents per pound, and fol
the Skinned milk to ri MS ,, uigs. whcn at s.x months
| from 2IO to o2O pounds, and aside from tho
| sku,nr4 milk their only feed was four bu>ll"s
of corn per head. That is a sample of what one
! may orHx rbofI 1tho do fhAvy
but try Perseverance wins in the battle OF lifo.
Dairy farming adds to the value of the land, wheat
farming does not. Certain elements are carried of
| placed. These elements becoming exhausted wheat
growing as rule becomes failure It was so in
inois, or at least in the northern portion and it
! will be so in Minnesota
some Of You may he inquirng in your minds as
what is the best breed Of cows for the dairy Elk,
perielce has shown that grade Short-horns and
grade Holsteins are the best They are easy keep
ers, mature early sive large quantities of milk and
produce butter almost equal to the Jerseys. After
they have served their time in the dairy the farmer
! can readily convert them into beef and obtain a
good price for them. Will the business be over
! done? I think hear you ask Well that question
been asked fequfppy during the
is the continued high price Of butter. I mean
higher under the creamery system than 1t was un-
der the farm system, when much of the butter then
made would now be called grease. The creamery
system improves the quality and 'akes from the
| market largo amount Of stuff that was fearfully
] di!u NOHucfluity Nuaue.
| DEMAND WILL REGULATE THE SUPPLY,
| and as the taste of the American people is being
| educated to the use of frst-caes t-edged butter
! there need be no fear Of production
| Europe is beginning to increase her orders for
| American butter and if the dairymen everywhere
| will insist upon quality rather than quantity no
| alarm need be felt about production. A few
years ago it was boldly asserted that fine cattle
could not be raised in latitude 50 far north as
Minnesota, and that for choice cattle the warmer
sections must DO depended on. Not a few people
in New York, Kentucky. Missouri and portion of
| Southern Illinois looked upon Minnesota as being
so far north that the winters lasted more than half
! the year, while the springs and fails short
that there was summer left to ma
,ure crops. consequently the cattle would
| DO stunted ir growth, could not possibly ira
tnre ana that f1ne mich cows could not be had here
| No more falso statement could have
been utterod that in relation to the climate of the
Stale being detrimental to the growth and develop
! ment Of CATTLE Those who visited the State fair
and saw the magnificent herd of Shorthorns raised
! by Mr. Charles A. DeGraff of GAINESVILLE, Minn..
must have been convinced that Minnesota has nc
superior in growing stock of this kind. Among his
herd were two grade shorthorn steers, two years
| old, which weighed 1850 pounds and 2,45O
pounds. with no feed but the prairie grass of his
I