The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1882-08-03
Sultan aud Khediyp.

| sultan and khedive.
The disturbances in Egypt bring into
conspicuous view the peculiar relations
between the sultan OF Turkey and the
Egyptian khedive.
For many centuries Egypt was O
subject province Of Turkey. It was
ruled over by governors appointed by
the sultan. In 1911, however. Niche.
met Ali, who was at that time governor.
rose in revolt against the sultan's
authority, and made himself master of
| Egypt.
Mehemet was thus the founder of the
dynasty which now reigns at Cairo. The
present khedive, Tewfik Pasha, is Me.
hemet's great-grandson. In 1842 the
suit n recognized this new dynasty,
and decreed that the Egyptian throne
should descend in Mehemet's family
according to the law of hereditary
succession in Turkey. Still, Egypt did
not become wholly independent of the
sultan's rule, 1t continued to be sub
ject to him, in SO far as foreign affairs
and the army were concerned. The "Vi-
ceroy OF Egypt" as he was then called.
could not send ENJOYS to foreign
courts, but was represented at them by
the Turkish ENJOYS. Nor could the
viceroy maintain native army or navy
OF his 1wn. Egypt was garrisoned and
protected by Turkish troops. Egypt,
moreover, was obliged to pay large
annual tribute to the sultan. Later on
larger liberties were conceded to Egypt
by its Turkish suzerain. In 1866 the
title OF the Egyptian ruler was, by
hrrn 0f ia a,x1N Il
"Viceroy" (which meant simply the
sultan's representative in Egypt to
" "Khedive-el-Misr," usually called
Khedive," which, in the Arabic tongue,
means "King."
At the same time Egypt was granted
the right to send ENJOYS abroad and to
maintain native army and navy. But
the sultan still remained the suzerain
Tor imperial ruler) of Egypt; and an
annual tribute of $1,875, 900 a year was
paid land still continues to be paid)
into the sultan's treasury. This is
practically the relation which exists
to day between the sultan and the
khedive. The sultan still exercises a
Kind of exterior control over Egypt
and claims the right to enter Egypt
and quell revolt, and to depose or sus
tain the reigning khedive. Meanwhile
tho interests of various European
powers - notably of England and France
have had singular and complex in
hnence on the destinies of Egypt; and
these two powers by system called
Control" have been practically gov
erning Egypt, over the kbedive's head,
for the past four or five years. England
insists on controlling Egyptian
policy by reason of the facts
that she holds predominant
financial interest in the great Suez
canal; that that canal is the nearest
military way between Europe and th,
British empire of India; and that eight |
per cent Of the mercantile tonnage
which passes annually through the canal |
goes under the British flag. Besides.
hold large quantity Of
the Egyptian bonded debt, and wish to
protect the payment of its interest by |
Egypt's financial affairs.
The interest of FIR nce in sharing the |
English control in Egypt is two,fold. |
france, too, HOLDS large portion OF |
he Egyptian bonds. Besides this |
France has recently undertaken to
annex Tunis, a peighbor of Egypt, and |
q Mohammedan state and is anxious
to limit as far as possible the suItan's |
influence in North Africa. Both Eng
land and France have appealed to the |
sultan to use his authority to put down
Arab Bey's revolt, and have thus once
more acknowledged the sultan's right
20 interfere in Egypt. They both also
wish to sustain Tewfik on the Egyptian
throne, for he has proved willing in
'trument in their hands. allowing their
commissioners to practically rule the
'ountry.-Youths Companion.