davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28

Of, who act on the detes, bic notion that two
wrongs make one right, snd so revenge one
murder by committing another, but by TAX
ing steps 10 prevent murder By enforcing The
law. Ia Knoxville, which has lately gained
discreditsble notoriety Tor the number Of
its MURDER, the community have taken
commendsble steps 10 relieve itseIf OF the
stain that bad and guilty members OF it have
brought upon the city. They have formed
law and order society, whose object J. by
legal means 10 reduce, as fsr ss possible the
frequency OF ecrime Of murder within their
precincts. This society u ade written sp-
peal TO the Board OF Mayor and Aldermen
OF the city to cooperate with them by TAX
ing active measures 10 enforce The law
against murder. The appeal expresses the
alarm created among the ci;iz rs by The ire
quency oil homicide iB the city during The
past year, and strong desire to break up the
dangerous habit of carrying concealed Weap-
ons, as tending TO jeopsrdize the lives Of
peaceable aud law-abiding citizens and to
disturb the good order of society. They re-
quest that the law be er forced more efficiently
and earnestly, and lhst he officers OF justice be
empowered 10 act SUNNI arily in every emer-
gency which threatens human life. The
law, they urge, is sufficient if faithfully ex
ecuted. 1t provides for the prevention, by
the legal officers, OF the committal of public
ofeuses. The code OF the State Of Tennes-
see authorizes TO arrest forthwith and take
before justice of the peace those whom
they know or suspect TO be armed with the
intention Of assaulting, wounding, or killing
another person. No affidavit or warrant is
required, the officers own knowledge or res.
sonable suspicion is sufficient; the arrest
must be made forthwith" no delay being
permitted during which there is danger of
crime being committed. The person go ar
rested must give bond with good security TO
keep the peace. The process is summary
and preventive of crime. The law is sufi-
cient in its various provisions, and the
appeal is made to the City Council 10 require
that it be carried into full effect, for the
prevention of such scenes of bloodshed and
violence, says the appeal, as those enacted
within our limits within the last twelve
uontuHj IofJ II uIgery WILLOWS anu orPnAps,
want and sorrow, and death and destruction
will appear fast enough, sitter revolver and |
vendetta have been driven off," The law |
and order society should go further than |
this, and require that the murderer shall |
meet with just punishment. AS proven
i've the enforcement of the law against the |
carrying of concealed weapons is invalusb |
Memphis was at one time cursed with the |
frequent preparation of just such crimes as
IRE now troubling and disgracing Knoxville;
ust magistrates fined and imprisoned, in
leIbly, every individual on whose person
were found, concealed, aud every
Individual arrested, no matter on what accu-
stion, was searched 10 diacover if he had T
Weapons hidden about him. The conse-
Iuence ia the safety and peace our people
,nW enioV |
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
CARL EGR ANS


LONDON, November 27.-Lady Slratford de
Radcliffe is dead.
PARIS, November 27.-Bannet Deuyediare
a well-known Radical deputy from Lyons, il
dead O.'''
CREssEN, PRUSSIA, November 27.-Baror
Ohio Theodore Won Monteuffel, Prussian
sta'esman, IL dead.
HAMILTON. ONT., November 27.The
death OF The Roman Catholic bishop, Cren-
non, OF this diocese, in Florida, is reported
BERSE, November ga resolution in
the Federal Assembly in regard to education
IN cantonai schools WAS reiected-307, 735
votes TO 167, 22l.
BERLIN, November "a statement oil
the Imperial Bank of Germany shows an in
crease Of specie Of IA, 120, Doom, not zoe, Doom
as before stated.
CotoGEE, November 27.-The river Rhine
Il stlil rising and the rain continues. Com
munication BY railroad is becoming more
and more difficult.
LONDON, November 27-Hannibal Ham,
I'm, United States minister at Spain, and
vile sailed ior New York in the Seniors
Hsmlin is returning home on furlough.
MADRID, November 27.-Twenty- hun
dred persons assembled at the Alhambra
Theater in inaugurating an agitation
throughout the country in favor OF free
trade.
PARIS, November 27.-MadsgascaF am
b1sadors refused the ultimstum requiring
Madagascar to recognize the French pro-
tectoraie. The ambassadors started for
London.
LONDON, November 27.-Wilfrid Blunt
appeals to the public for help TO defrsy the
cost of the defense Of Arab Pasha, as the
trial has assumed the character of great
state inquiry.
LONDON, November 27.-CleVedon Hall,
residence of Sir Arthur Elton, near Bristol,
has been destroyed by FIRE. portion of the
library, considered one OF the most valuable
IN England, was burned.
QUEBEC, November 27.-Yellow-fever has
brokep out at Stanne de la Poentiere and at
ST. Pacome. 1t spread from the bodies Of
persons who died in the United States and
were brought home for interment.
MONACO, November ga dynamite car
fridge, which had been placed at the en-
trance OF the Monte Carlo gambling saloon,
exploded last evening, causing great panic
aud wounding an official. An Italian has
been arrested in connection with the affair.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
THE KSoxYILLE muRpEks.

Herbert Spencer, during his stay In this
country, expressed his astonishment at the
patience with which the American people
submit, year after year, to evils which they
complain of, and which they could, If they
chose, remove, or at least diminish to the low
est possible point. Among these evils, and
one of the greatest of them, is the crime OF
murder. The moral sense of every decent
citizen revolts against this crime, his humane
feelings are outraged by its occurrence, pub
lie sentiment condemns il, and the law pro-
hibits it; yet from year 10 year il goes on, is
borne with degree of patience that is re-
proach 10 our sense of justice and q con-
domination to us as Christian people. Like
Cain we ssy-not in words, but by our
apathy and indifference-"am my brother's
keeper" But murder does sometimes 90 to
lengths that shock the community, and be-
comes SO frequent ss to arouse effort Tor
the suppression of the crime, correct ell
fert-not such as the lynchers are guilty
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28

LORD CAyENDIsHs MURDERERs.
DUBLIN, November 27.-The police MAIN
tain that they are on the track OF the muir
derers of Lord Frederick Csvendish and
Under. Secretary Burke, and they appear
saugune OF effectiHg their arrest.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
PLUMBER.
AYERS SARsAPARU.LA.
Nothing Short of Unmistakable
RannfifG

Conferred upon tens of thousands Of
sufferers could originate and maintain
the reputation which AYERS SARsA-
PARILLA enjoys 1t is a compound of
the best vegetable alternatives, with the
Iodides of Potassium and Iron, all
powerful, bloOd-making, blood-cleansing
and DEMONSTRATING and is the most
ehectual of all remedies for scrofu-
lous, mercurial, or blood disorders.
Uniformly successful and certain, it
produces rapid and complete cures Of
Scrofula, Sores, Boils, Humors, PIN
pies, Eruptions, Skin Diseases and all
disorders arising from impurity of the
blood BY its invigorating effects it
always relieves and often cures Liver
Complaints, Female Weaknesses and
Irregularities, and is a potent remover
OF waning vitality. For purifying the
blood it has no equal. It tones up the
system, restores and preserves the
health, and imparts vigor and energy.
For forty years it has been in extensive
use, and Is to-day the most available
medicine for the suffering sick.
For sale by all druggists.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
A RIVER OF FIRE.
Earning of DeyOs's OIL works Long
island.

New YORK, November 27.-Devoe's Oil
Works, on Ash street, near New.own creek,
Long leland, burned yesterday afternoon at
2:S0 o'clock. A tank exploded with loud
report, aud The oil ran like a river Of fire
over the premises and into the creek. A
large quantity went over a canal boat AT the
dock, setting it on fire. The boat was loaded
with oil, and burned fercely. The second
tank then exploded, and the employees were
obliged TO run for their lives. The entire
fire department WIS called out, but their
efforts to check the flames were unavailing,
as the water scattered the burning oil in
every direction. The oil remaining In the
tanks burned iercely, throwing such intense
heat that it was impossible 10 approach
them. The flames finally communicated TO
Smiths Box Factory, and that wss badly
da olased. The loss is believed 10 be about
SO 600. although some men engaged in the
oil business estimate ii at a much higher
figure
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
An Inhnmaa Parent.

Brooklyn, November 27.-Anoiber Illus
tration of the superior civilization OF Yankee
dom is given in The case OF father who
Ass been arrested in this city for starving
his four childIer. II. has pie means, yet
his eldest daughter estihsd that the family
was not allowed 10 use gas, and there was
only one lamp in the house, which had nine
rooms, and that while her father had an
abundance of elegant clothing, the children
had barely change. A son testified Il
have seen him open wine with female
visitors while, at the same time, nay younger
sisters were CRYING for bread y
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
western star-Roule Cases.

OMAHA, NEB., November 27.-Since the
failure TO convict Corbin aud Iddings, in the
Star-route suit against the stage line from
Sidney TO Deadwcod, on one indictment, all
the others against them have been dismissed.
Saturday the case against L. E. CIary, former
postm sster at Sidney, Tor false returns as 10
the arrival and departure OF the mails, came
up. Under an agreement # the counsel
verdict Of guilty upon one count WAS re-
turned, and Of not gully upon the remain
ing l0O counts oil the 106 in the indict ment.
Clark was senss need 10 pay a fiue Of $500.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
a Mickah ssreneI,er

ELIzABErHIowN, KY, November ga
sensation was caused by the arrest of the
Rev. J. G.. Wharton, alias J. D. Hill, of Car
thage, Mo charged with embszzleme and
who had with him at he time of his arrest
Mrs. Maggie MoGill, the wife OF another
Carthage man. 1t Is alleged that Wharton
is the father of fifteen children aud the wo-
man the mother Of three, all OF whom we're
left behind them. Wharton has been about
Eliza BEETHOVEN several days. He took a
promiEent part in religious meeting, and
is said 10 be a miIsi-ter OF the Methodist
Episcopal Church North
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28

New York, November Efficiently a
man called upon Superintendent Walling
here and informed him that he beloved he
mad a clew to the Whereabouts OF Maggie
Hennecke, the girl of fifteen, The daughter
of a rich citizen OF Milwaukee, VIE, who
disappeared 90 The IS h OF October, and for
whose recovery reward of $1,000 mas been
offered by her father. Milwaukee authori-
ties we're communicated with and necessary
information was obtained. Then detectives
were detailed TO test the value of the inior-
mstiou given by the who visited the
police headquarters. To day Mr.. Walling
said the trail, narrowing TO squirrels track,
ran up-a tree. In other words, the informa-
ton was valueless, and he had no reason to
suppose that Maggie Hennscke had been in
New York. The gi.l was last seen playing
with comrades near the school she attended,
and her hat was found on the 18th CT Oco-
Der in the river near Jonss Island, near Mil
Waukes
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28

WAsHISGToN, Pa, November H.-Ihe re-
mains Ct DR.. L. Earhart. of Allegheny City,
we're cremated in LsMoyne furnsce this
morning. The body reached Washington.At
II o'clock, and was taken Immediately t>the
crematory. Af'er religious servioS' me
body was wrapped in a sheet satul>do WIN
Stun water and placed in the tetofl al IL
o'clock. In two hours ineinsp>1on was pro-
bounced complete. This as lne nIieensn
Of the persops crem1fd being Germans.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
a Brutal Father.

New YORK, November 27.-Patrick
Quiun, resident of Jay street, Jersey CITY
Hights, is on trial in Judge GsIrs.son's
courE on charge Of having brutaily i'll
treated his crippled son. The boy, who is
only six years old, is suffering from 4 hip
disease which has deformed him. From the
time he became able TO walk be seems 10
have been the special victim OF his fathers
violence. On two previous occasions tie
father had been srrxigned Tor intreating
the bcv. Conviction followed both times,
but the court, on the strength OF his promise
TO do better, let him a, the first time with
a fine OF S25 and sile secoud with hne OF
$50. Al the triai today Officer Cox testified
that about 80 O'Clock on the morning of
November 18th he was passing Quipn's
house shen ne heard the boy pleadIng for
mercy. Looking in through the window he saw
the boy on the floor and the father belabor-
ing MIN with broomslick. Juat as Quinn,
who had dropped the 1roomstIcs, was IN the
act of seizing a suioothing-iron from the store
with the evident Intention oil continuing the
assault. the officer tapped on The window and
ordered him to dezist. When tie officer
climbed into the houssr through the window
he saw that the boYyn4s covered with blood, !
and there were blood staius on the broom
handle. Mrs. Quinn, who was sworn for the
defense. nade an evident effort to shield her |
husband bv saying that he rad only struck |
The boy with strap she produced. Bot on |
she was Obliged to confess |
that he had besten her, too, just sefore beat
ing the bov, saying 10 her as he I'D it that |
che ought 10 De up attending 10 her work. |
The court promptly convicted him, aud ne |
was directed to stand up for sentence. Zen
orally" said Judge Gsrretsop, "when Prsvi-
dence provides people with children thy |
are given affection enough TO take care Of
Them, You have none. | have never seen !
such case Of brutality since have been in |
his court, and that has b en- many year.. |
The court, unfortunately, cannot imprison |
you under this conviction for a longer period |
than two years, but We can iBfict the full |
penalty, and thst We propose TO do. You are |
sentenced 10 confinement in The otate-4,TIson |
ri hard labor for two year., and thence ill /
the costs OF prosecution are paid" Qdinn
wa. AIKEN TO isii TO await transportation 10
Trenton.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
IN THE COMMONS.

LONDON, November 27.--In the Commons
Trevelyan, chief secretary of Ireland
asked the House TO remember that there is a
difference between the general state OF Ire
land and that of crimes and violence in
Dublin.
Trevelyan also stated that the conflict be-
tween the Dublin police and organized law
lessness seemed inaugursted. The govern
ment was determined to use all the resou -ces
at its disposal to put down the latest devel-
opments Of disorder. Trevelyau added that
the number of asrarian crimes in Ireland
this month was under 100, not the case in
any month for tweniy-eight years. TreEe-
yam also ss d the recent speech of r edmond
at Cork, in which be advocated boyc cutting
and revolution, was under the consideration
Of .ha
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
GERMANY.
THE REIcHsTAG To BE DISSOLVED.

THE REICEsTAG To BE DISSOLVED
BERLIN, November 27-It ia generally
reported in parliamentary circles that the
Reichsl az is about to be dissolved because
the government considered it impossible to-
conduct public affairs satisfactorily, with the
Prussian Parliament Conservative and the
German Parliament Liberal. The govern
ment believes new election would result
very favorably Tor them. Bismark, It is ex-
pected, will return TO Berlin Friday.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
HorrIhIe Vic Marder.

HARRISBURG, November 27.-William
Andrews, eolored, was convicted of the muir
der OF MS wi (, near High Spire, July Ain.
The evidence showed that Andrews fret
killed or mulilated his wife in The corn6eld,
then dragged her to the house, set it oD fire,
and then stood calmly by with his child, two
years old, in his arms and watched the bod =
hr.rrn To. ahn,
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
The Telephone as a burglar Alarm.

ErNA GREEN, Ill, November 27.-Last
night Mr.. Smsils, a merchant, was awakened
by the ringing of a telephone connecting his
house and store. He arose and went 10 the
store, where he found burglars at work. He
exchanged shots with them, and drove them
the safe, and the defamation had caused the
felsnhnna Ia rim
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
AVERY DARK SHEEP
A Minister, the Father of Fifteen Chill.
dren, Arrested for EmbeZzlement
and Seduction.
Frank James i'm Court-Hissing Maggie
Henneeke-A Brutal Father-HOr-
ribIe Wife Marder.

GALVESTON, November IA noted des-
perado named Smith mas been captured here
Smith has killed FIVE men, and has lnnu-
meTzble wives in Texas
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
Fearful Gas Explosion.

SPRINGFIELD, o November pa fearful
gas explosion occurred in the Indiana polls,
Bloomington aud Western railroads general
Office here to-day. Somebody blew out the
gas in the vault, and d. II. Roche and +. c.
Case, sgenis OF the road, entered and II; q
match. All the hair was torn from Raehe's
head and face, and he also Inhaled the
fames 1t is believed he will die. Case
was injured nearly as bad. The explosion
shsok the bnldiug and broke every pane
Of glass in the vicinity.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
THE DUBLIN FIGHT.
A Number Of Arrests Made in Connec.
tiOn With the Murder of Detective
COx-On the Track OF
Lord CaYendish's Murderers-FOurtee
Persons Killed by a Railroad Acct.
dent in Scotland.

CAIRO November IA telegram from
the governor of Soudan announces that the
rebels we're defeated at Der Weer with great
loss. Much plumber was taken Uncon-
6rmed sdvIces from Kordofau state tba, The
False Prophet has been defeated and can
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
GUNS. RIFLES. ETC.
SIMMONS LIyER REGULATOR.
Chills and Fever

DYSPEPSIA.
The regulator viii positively cure this terrible
disease We assert emphstiezlly what We Know
20 be true.
COSSTIPAFION.
should not be regarded as a t1ifinE silmeut- Ma
iure demands the utmost regularity Of the bowels.
Therefore assist nature oy taxing simmons Liver
Regulator 1t Is harmless, mid and eGect1Ai.
RILIOUSSESS.
One or Two fSblesooOnfulE viii relieve all the
troubles Incident 70 billions state such ss nausea
Dizziness drOwEiness distress after eating bitter
bad taste in The mouth
BLADDER AND KIDNEYS.
Most OF the diseases Of the bladder O. igiuats
from those OF the kidneys. Restore The action Of
the liver fully; and both the kidneys and bladder
MALARIA
Persons may avoid all attaek Ks By OCCASIONAL
taxing dose OF simmons Liver Regulator 20 kes
the Liver In healthy action.
BAD RREATH
sene-ally arising from disorderei stomach ef,
De coII,cged By taxing Simmons Liver RE- 1iAn.
JACEDICE.
ulg-L-- sTer Regulator soou erAdiczsea thf
o.ssese rom ne system leaving the skin ele.i,
An1 Tree l-VlA 81 Impurities.
collie.
C1.A-Ien suneTlng Win Cone po.a ex perfsnoe
te-lss aons haFef Regulator In Edninis-
medieine- II Is rot Unpleasant IL 4 harnless N
elective. Purely vegetable.
81 Take only tie GENUINE, -hi.h alUaysAH
on the wrapper the red Trads-Esrk go sl1ns a.
ture Of J. II. ZEILIS & co. 49,
For sale BF al DlugglstA
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
Murdered and Robbed IN the Streets of

New YORK, November 27-Morris Ber-
Waid, sged eighteen, was fatally shot and
robbed of his wages Sunday morDiDg in the
sireeE, at Division and Allen streets, while
returning from work. The highwaymen es-
caDed
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
Happy Mother.i Happy children

Nursing mothers should keep their infants
quiet while teething. Both mother and child
should enjoy sweet repose. The best thing to
sist nature in bringing about this happy state OF
good health is Browns Iron Btters. II is very
soothing and refreshing in its effect. trial
proves this to DE true Mother and child should
use it freely. If you want your children to be
healthy and strong, give them Browns Iron Bit
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
POLITICAL NOTES.

Nh. RICHARD HARRINGTON, chairman OF
the Delaware Republican State Committee,
attributes the increased Democratic msjority
in that State 10 the free use OF money by the
Democrats. A better explanation, perhaps,
was the use of too much Harrington by the
Republican,.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
The Rev. Honmaa Eeluses 30 AppeaI

The Rev. Hoffman, Refuses 10 Appeal.
BLooMINGToN, ILL, November Elk
Rev. Hoffman, expelled from the clergy Tor
unclerical conduct. refuses 10 appeal, de-
claring that spite and maiguny, instead OF
Christian justice, has been awarded him.
This ends the ecclesiastical trial, but the
criminal case still pends.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
FRANCE.
FhANSS.
HE CHANNEL TUNE

PARIS, November 27.-Two thousand
members OF French trades-unious assent sled
yesterday and extended greeting to twelve
delegates from English unions, VINO came 10
Paris to represent the views of the latter
bodies in favor of the completion OF the
channel tunnel
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
A CREMATION BILL

A bill has been distributed in the Deputies
containing, among the signatures, those of
Gsmbe:ta and Paul Bert, giving all persons
the right 10 leave instructions 10 whether
their bodies be buried or cremated.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28

was met in Frederick street, on his W home
20 dinner to-day, by car containing two
men, one OF whom jumped off and stabbed
Field IN several places with a sword. Field
ia dvinu
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
Frank James an Court.

KANSAS CITY, Mo, November 27.-Frank
James was brvsiSlre from Independence to-
day and taken at once 10 the courthouse.
where be will be arraigned at s O'Clock this
afternoon. He was in charge OF a single
officer, Depl1ty-M srshal Kirsh. A large
crowd had gathered at the Grand Avenue
depot to witiiess his arrival, but when the
train reached the station the marshal aud
his prisoner alighted on the opposite side
from the depot and were two blocks away be-
fore discovered by the eager tbroDg. Meet
ing carriage they entered it, and were
driven to Zoe courthouse, where james was
taken to the waiting-room, where a number of
the gaping and curious ones were introduced.
j ames was attired in . new suit of black,
and seemed quite at his ease. He said he
was in his usual health. Nothing further
can be learned before his arraignment as TO
the probability of an early trial.
Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-11-28
A Telegraph operator Fatally Shot.

LEAvENwoRTH, Ks, November CIV
d. Hoyt, stenographer and telegraph opera
tor at the glucose factory in this city, had a
dispute couple of days ago, on the tele-
graph wire, with the train-dispstcher of the
Union Pacific railroad at Lawrence, Ks,
named Bailey, during which Bailey called
Hoyt very hsrG names. Hoyt demanded a
reiraclion, which Bailey refused to make.
Yesterday morning Hoyt went 10 Lawre nee,
met Bliley in the Office, and again demanded
relrsction of the offensive Words, which
was psrempiorily refused, and Hoyt was
ordered out of the Office. Hoyt refused TO
leave, whereupon Bailey went TO his desk,
and while in the act of pulling open a
drawer Hoyt shot him in the breast with
revolver, INJECTING a mortal wound. Hoyt
was arrested, aud says he fred on Bailey be-
cause ne thought he was about 10 draw a
weapon on him. Hoyt is from Cincinnati,
where he is well connected, his father being
editor of the CiTistiar. Advocate