National Republican., 1882-12-05

G., me laborers in other fields, but tho great mass Of
the Indians must either become nrmcrs or 'tock-
raisers. II we educate few indian children ou
OF the many in q tribe, the influence Of the many
uneducated will be more powerful than the In.
huence Of the few educated, and the educated
will soon go back to the savage ways Of the more
numerous class, and the benefits OF their educa-
tion be lost TO them and the government At
least half Of all the Indian children of school
age should be put In manhal- Labor schools, and
more attention should be paid to teaching them
to labor than to read. Neither should be neglected,
They can be made sklllful farmers and mechanics
much more readily than they can be made
scholars. While in school they should be allowed
AZ least one half Of the children selected for
such schools ought TO be girls, who should be
taught to spin and weave, make their own cloth
ing, take care of the house, and become suitable
companions of the educated males The school
period should not be less than four years, and in
labor schools should be estabiished in difisrent
sections of the country, not distant from the In
dians, yet far enough away to be beyond the In
huence of those opposed TO education, and that
the children may see as little as possible of savage
life.
reservation 10 instruct the adults in agriculture
and stock raising The government should fur
nish stock cattle TO herders and farm stock and
implements to the farmer lot in such mum bers and
quantities that the Indian will feel that he is de
pendent on the government, but as aids to his owl
efforts. On some reservations stock raising ought
suitable for that purpose, the Indian should be
taught TO turn his attention toward agricultural
pursuits. Care should be taken TO impress the
Indian with the necessity of supporting himself,
and he should be assured that the government
will not aid him unless he shows a disposition to
aid himself and the gratuities of the government
ought to be given only to those who show proper
disposition to take care OF themselves.
1t is believed that with an annual expenditure
Of between five and six millions of dollars during
the next fifteen years for educational purposes, of
the character herein indicated, the danger of
Indian outbreaks may be avoided, and the great
mass of Indian youths at least made self support
ing; and that the Indian may become. If not q
valuable citizen, at least one from whom danger
need not be apprehended, aud cease to be q tax
on the government.
THE LAND OFFICE.
Commissioner MacFarland requests two
highly important changes in the land laws
One of these is no less than repeal of the
pre-emption law, and the other change in
the homestead law extending the time within
which a homesteader may commute his entry
by the payment of cash, so as to require proof
OF residence and improvement at least a year
in advance Of such payment. In these requests
the Secretary of the Interior concurs OH the
ground that under the present laws fraudulent
pre-emptions and entries are not only dis
cotragingly frequent, but almost unprevent.
able The general recommendations of the
Secretary as to the Land Department are that
an increased clerical be force allowed, and that
the public lands should be speedily surveyed
OTHER MATTERS.
The Patent Office asks for more room, a
completion of the work of abridgment, and
legislation for the removal of certain eynbar-
RAISING restrictions put upon the term for
which American patents are granted through
the operation of foreign patent laws.
Upon the subject of railways Mi. Teller sub.
mits statements showing the condition of the
Central, Union, Northern, Southern, and
other Pacific lines, and other railways oper.
ating under governmental supervision. The
condition of all these lines as set forth is salts
factory, but it is urged that the companies be
compelled to take out patents for their grants
of land in order to relieve residents along theiI
lines from the whole burden of taxation foI
State and municipal purposes. So long as tn
title to these lands remains in thegovernment
they cannot, of course, be taxed.
Mr.. Teller further says that if it is the in
tention of Congress to permit railways to COM
plete their lines beyond the time specified in
the grants, fairness to the public would sug-
gest legislative expression of that intention
The Secretary simply refers those desiring
information as to pensions to the report of the
Commissioner in charge of that bureau.
The report concludes with comprehensive
and interesting glance at the work and condi.
tion of the educational and census bureaus
and of the various institutions in the District
SECRETARY CHANDLER.
The report of the Secretary of the Navy
opens with a showing of the poverty of our
Navy, their being but thirty-seven available
cruising vessels of 900 to 1880 tons displace.
ment, only four of which have iron hulls
While these vessels are sufficient for giving
practice to officers and men, and for displaying
the natiOnal flag abroad, they are of low speed
and are in ferior to the present war-ships OF
other navies. They should be gradually re-
placed by new iron or steel cruisers, and al
lowed to go out of commission. The available
armored vessels are thirteen single-turreted
monitors, built in 1862 and 1868, with no speed
and little power, but most of these have been
laid up for several years. The guns of the
Navy include large number of smoOth-bore
muzzle-loaders, some 40-pound and soma so
pound Parrott rifles, and eighty-seven con-
verted rifles of fair power. There is not one
modern high-powered gun among them, and
only the eighty-seven converted guns are
worth retaining.
FAvoRITIsM IN THE NAVY.
Military administration should be controlled
by neither personal, social, or political motives
The orders to every naval officer should be
determined after, first, a consideration of the
public interests and, secondly, an impartial
comparison Of the record and services Of the
officer with those Of other officers of like grade.
If funjust orders are issued the officer can freely
state the injustice directly to the Secretary
ASKING " HIS TtpTtSculd-
tion will have due and candid consideration.
The interference Of Others, if to secure only
what is right is unnecessary; IL to accomplish
what is wrong is iutolerable. An officer who
will procure or knowingly allow such undue
interference may be charged with unbecoming
conduct. Nevertheless, the practice has pre-
vailed of soliciting and procuring fayoritism
for officers, by such devices and with such per-
tinacity and influence as to create system re-
sstance to which may make unenviable the
position of the head of the department. But
if 1t is allowed to continue, the naval service
will eventually become fatally demoralzed
The effort will be made to order the detail of
officers of the Navy with as much Justice and
impartiality as the lot of humanity will admit
NAvY-YARDs EXPENSES MUST BE REDUCED
The area of the navy-yards is 2,495 acres,
with large docks,' workshops, dwellings, and
other buildings. The total cost of permanent
improvements and repairs, including sites at
the eight principal yards, to June 30, 1882,
was $5l, ,2227 ,712.67. The total expenditures
under the bureau of yards and docks for the
past fifteen years were S23,9i5, 1860. The
cost of general maintenance for the five, years
ending in 1881 wat 71A,702.55; for con-
struction and repair of vessels, and for other
objects than maintenance during the same
period, $l1 95S,974.15. The total number of
employees in navy-yards ON November 10,
1882, was 4462, with an aggregate payroll of
81 ,3l9.37 per diem, while work was being
done on only seven war ships. These large
and costly navy-yards are not required by any
present or prospective wants of the country.
In accordance with the last naval appropria-