The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1882-12-14
Grane-C MIXTURE.

garden, should he without its vine or its
considerable vineyard. The grape will
succeed upon any warm, dry soil, al
though a limestone, gravel or sandy
loan Is the most suitable.
Vines are easily propagated by cut
tings- OF the present year wood. These
are usually cut from the prunings into
lengths which have a bud within two
inches of each end. These cuttings are
set in rows in a well prepared piece OF
suitable soil about one foot apart. The
lower bud is the one from which the
roots emerge, and the upper one fur
nishe5 the new shoot. The cutting IS
therefore planted in a slOping direction,
so that the lower bud may not be buried
too deeply and below the reach Of air
and warmth, and the upper bud is LETT
close to the surface. The plantation
may be protected during the winter by
a covering of leaves secured by a few
bOughs or some brush from blowing
away, and this covering is the best be
cause it is that which is provided by
nature, and to which the vine IS natur-
ally used. The cuttn-s will have
rooted by the spring, when they may be
properly cultivated by hdeing and
wedding, The next fall the plants may
be set. out in their permanent position,
which may be in rows eight feet apart,
and six feet apart in the row, if they
are to be trained onto stakes, and twelve
by eight if trained upon q trells or
frame. There are many WAYS of ira n
ing vines. Ihat-common in vineyard
cultivation is by the use Of single
stakes, to which the vine is tied.
In this system there are two canes ONLY
grown, all the rest being prHned
away. In the beginning the vine IS
4 1, hl1
third being kept for use in case of acct
dent to one OF the Others, and I. bbed Off
( if n0tlNyanted. From these eyes two
canes are grown. The next year one is
cut away and the other is pruned back
t. a convenient height, say, SIX feet
This is the bearing cane; the new one,
which grows from the bud or eye being
for the next years fruiting. After the
bearing cane has fruited it is cut back
to one eve, and the new cane OF last
year is left for fruit. This IS the
simplest method of culture, and is quite
as productive as any other, because
more vines can be grown in the same
space. A French system practiced in
some of the vineyards is modification
of this, and has some advantages GS-
pecially upon hill-s;des sloping to the
south. 1t is the training Of the bearing
cane horizontally about two feet from
the ground upon q frame made like q
ladder, and supported upon short
forlled stakes set in the ground. Two
adioiuing vines in a row are trained on
to this frame side by side, while the
new cane is trained in the same way.
The fruit hangs near the ground, and it
receives the heat re ected from it,
which is far greater than it would be il
the vines were upright. The grapes
are also less disturbed by the wind. As
the sugar in the grapes is increased IN
proportion to the greater heat, the fruit
thus grown is of better flavor, and is
more quickly and better ripened. The
expense of stakes is less, because these,
not being set i'm the ground. do not rot,
and are not blown over, to the injury OF
the crops by storm.
Another manner Of training the grapes
is by means Of permanent posts set IN
the GROUND and wires stretched from
these in lines east and west, thus Civ
inc the vines the benefit of the greatest
heat Of the sun. 1t is not the heat to
which the fruit is exposed alone which
benefits it, but that which the roots re-
ceiyc affects the fruit the most favora-
bly,, and the great point in vticulture is
20 afford to the roots all the heat Of the
sun that is possible. Upon this account
Sttt y mn @ItAN' b1itJl stiC 'N2NNA ~ WV
MONDAY sun and that are not shaded
from the west, and so receive a large
quantity Of heat. are the most favorable
sites Tor vineyard. A stony soil is for
the same reason the most preferable for
grape culture, the stones, too, retaining
the heat far into the might, and then
gathering moisture from the deWS as
well as protecting the vines by their ac-
tive radiation Of warmth from the nights
cold.
In training the vines upon this sys-
tenn three arms are usually grown.
These are replaced every year by new
arms, which may be trained perpendic-
ularlv to the posts, and are brought
down the second ycarto the wires for
fruit ne after the canes which have
borne are cut away; or the arms may be
kept permanently and new spurs grown
from them to replace those which have
borne The-vinc re uircs liberal manur-
ing and iUdicious prunSrg for the most
pro table product. Bones cOarsely pow
dercd or broken, deeply spaded Orplowed
i'm in the middle Of the rows where the
feeding roots VIII reach them, and sur
face applications of wood ashes, gyp-
sum and horse manure will supply all
the matter needed by the crop. This
consists chiefly OF oxygen, hydrogen
and carbon abUndantly supplied 10y wa
ter and air with potash. The chief con
Stiuents of grapes are sugar and tar
taric acid i'm combination with potash
The wood and seeds are OF very similar
character, containr about ?. 50 per cent
of ash, in which there are - per cent.
of potash, per cent. of magnesin, 6
per cent. of soda, 35 to sc per cent. of
lime, 2 to p per cent. OF phosphoric
acid, and 2 per lent. of sulphuric acid
When the pruuings Of the vines are
burned and returned to the soil the loss
is only in the seeds, and these take but
very little from the soil at the most. IN
place of wood ashes Ccrman potash
salts, which contain potash, soda and
magne,ia, with gypsum, would supply
every necessary ingrcd. lent which the
ashes contain and bones would supply
the phosphoric acid.
In pruning one rarely errs in OycrdO-
inc IT, Experience is the only guide,
and this is surely gained by any person
of ordinary judgement who viii grow a
vine and do the best he can with it for
wear or two. As the fruit is grown from
the buds and wood of the previous
wear product all one has to do is to
leave enough Of this and no more upon
which the ruit may be borne without
Overlooking the vine. and to keep the
growth compact. ~ u Times.
SIccpIass Philosopher.
Herbert spencer Is another instance
g. a great philosopher who, i'm certain
hnVortaut matters, lacks common sense.
DE is a bachelor, ioI early in life he de-