Perrysburg journal. (Perrysburg, Wood Co., O. [Ohio]) 186?-1965, 1882-07-14
THE NEW EGYPT.
object OF ,ne war lust Besan

subordinntc; he revolted from his master
and would undoubtedly have succeeded
IN achieving his own complete sovereignty
as ruler, but for the Intervention Of En-
gland. Enragej beyond measure by this
interference, so that he tore out his white
beard by the roots in his wrath, he yet
was compelled to submit to 1t. He was
permitted, however, by the treaty Of 1910
between the Porte, Austria, Great Britain,
Prussia and Russia to be virtually indie.
pendent sovereign, being made only nom
inally provincial uaE, or viceroy. From
1910 to ls4s, when in his eghticth year
he was attacked by mental malaGy, he
devoted himself with great energy to the
social and material Improvement OF his
country. So many and 80 great were the
reforms which he made in the whole ad-
ninistrativo system of the country, that
lie was called "Peter the Great of Egypt"
He was succeeded first by his eldest son,
then by nephew, then by his third son, all
whose reigns we're as brief as they were
unproductive or discreditable.
But IL was under his grandson, fsmail L.
that this ancient country was brought to
it's highest pitch of material advancement.
He came into power in 1868, and by an
imperial irman imlS66, he became, in
rsian-Arabic, Khediv el-Misr, of Egypt
or, MS more commonly called, Khedive.
Territorially, the New Egypt is II vastly
larger country than the Old Egypt OF the
Pharaohs, the Ptolemies, the Cm,ars, the
Arabian Caliphs, and the Turks. That
was embraced b,tw,en latitude 500 27>
and 24o q North, and was not more than
two.thirls M large MS the single State Of
Texas. The Egypt OF to-day on the other
hnnd, is nearly twice as large, territorially
as all ll,a, portion OF our country which
lies east OF the Mississippi river. Through
the conquest, first Of Mehemet Ali and
then through the larger conquests of his
grandson lsmnil L., Egypt now extends
South of the Equator, and comprises beside
Egvpt Proper, Nmhin, the former KING
dom of Ethiopia, Darilr,and other annexed
territories. 1t contains, according to best es-
Inmates, nearly million anda half ofsqnare
miles, and n population amounting to
a,,out seventeen millions. The population
of Egypt Proper amounts 10 five and n
half nillions-not much less than that of
ancient Egypt, which was estimated by
Diodor,is Sicuins to be seven millions.
But Ismail Pasha not only aggrnndizel
his country in territory, he also gave II re-
markabe impetus to its material Develop
nent in the course Of his reign from 1868
l. al. II
Lesseps himself, is due the construction of
the Sue7 Canal for besides taking deep
personal interest in this great enterprise,
Egyptian money, and many thousands Of
lives. He converted the ancient city of
4 Cairo into Il magnificent modern capital,
with splendid opera house, fine streets and
palaces, and bridge spanning the Nile
which Is unsurpassed by any similar
structure He made the harbor of Alex
undria-that city which Napoleon said
ought to be the capital of the world, and
the founding of which by Alexander the
Great he accounted the highest proof OF
his genius--hrge enough to afford cafe an
chorage for all the fleets of the world. He
built two great iresh water canals with mum
herlcss ramitcntions Tor distributing the
waters of the Nile, thus greatly enlargng
the cullivable area OF the country. He
instituted important judicial reforms by
tie establishment of Mixed Courts, where
by foreigners were admitted to II sh r. in
the administration of Justice in the coun.
try. Many other public works OF ndvan
tage to the material welfare OF the kingdom
were undertaken and successfully com.
! pleted by him He filled his adminislra-
tion with Europeans, placing them at the
! head of all the principal bureausi and re
modelled his army, placing it largely un
der skilled American officers. He estab-
lished broad religious toleration, one re
suit of which has been that Christian
schools and churches have multiplied
} much faster than those under Moslen
r control. Spurred on by busy brain anc
;. n restless ambition he undertook almos
, every form of publ and private enterprise
agricultural. manufacturing, commercial
e from the running of sugar plantations anc
n cotton factoties to the building and oper
ating of railroads, steamboats, and tele
graph lines. In prosecuting these mnlti
n fnrious schemes he incurred enormous ex
/, pense, so that his government became over
: whelnied with debt.
s. But the greatest work done by this bus,
Il monarch was done in behalf of education
D. He established government schools,
where the pupils, being fed, clothed an
lodged by the State, are afterwards drafte
'r into some branch OF the pubic service
n schools for the blind, normal schools, mn
d nicipal schools. and schools for girls, VIII
:, are now educated "as, since the Hegiri
;" women in the Fast have never been edu
!, cated.before." Besides these schools an
" the old Mosque colleges, snch as El-Azha
'e C'the splendid'), where rs many as IL, 90
III pupils are annually enrolled. there al
= many schools which belong TO the MOI
% Mussulmam native communities, and tf
- various foreign colonies, which are libe
ID ally aided by the Khedive. though the
It. are mol under State control Added TO u
at these are the schools of various missionai
organizations, which, literally protecte
= by this ruler who embodied in himself ii
'e State, have grown and prospered.
TO The great commercial importance of Il
H. Suez Canal made England and Fran
IL jealous OF their protectorate over tn
country, while the way In which the XII
dive proposed to liquidate the enormo
claims OF his credtors, involved in the
oi Judgment, which was undoubtedly cerret
ly breach OF international obligation
nc. Through the aid OF the Mixed Courts tn
,a had the power to enforce their views; Al
- 40 by their combined action, and to sa
is- Egypt from the ruin Of bankruptcy or t
mt disgrace of reputation, they compel
ne Ismail J. TO abdicate his throne in fay
,r. OF hia son and heir, Tewfk Pnsha.
" This abdication took place August 81
10 1879, when the present Khedive came i,
in power. In the following November /
bly, administration Of Egypt was placed, q
.,a has ever since been carried on, under /
~ supervision OF the governments of Fran
ng and Great Britain. represented each b,
ny Controller. General. who IN invested vi
,si. great power,as act forth and defined in n
:, cree irsned by lheKbedive In thisdecre
VI is declared. that while "the governme
zen of England and France have ngreed Il
icli Tor the moment the Controllers Gene
NJ will not take ills actual direction Of
,ha public service they shall shave fnll pf
Nv ers Of investigation into every public 4
The vice OF the s nta," and their duties sli