davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

Mcclellan, Buell. Hunter, Grant, Pope,
Rosecgans, Foster, Burnside, Steele, Curtis,
Meade, Gilmore, Sherman, Mcpherson, Thorn
as, Hooker, Howard, Scofield, and Sheridan
was forty-one. The average age of Hancock,
Howard, Sedgwicf, SlOcum, Sykes, corps COM
manders at Gettysburg, as also McClernand,
Mcpherson, and Sherman, corps commanders
at Nicksburgh, was under forty.
In the confederate armies it was the
younger officers who gave the greatest strength
to their cause. The average age of Ewell,
Hill, and LOngstreet, corps commanders at
Gettysburg, was forty-four. Stonewall jack
son, who in the first two years Of its history
impaired to the Army of Northern Virginia
its spirit Of dash and daring, died at thirty
nine. Stuart, the cavalry leader, won his
fame and died at thirty-one."
In other words, should war be declared to-
morrow, we should probably have to look to
our lieutenants rather than our gray haired
generals for successful commanders.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

creasing taxation to realize money to meet
these obligations"
These reasons ought be sufficient to con-
vince any reasonable person of the wisdom
of adjusting the outstanding pension claims
without unnecessary loss of time, and we
have abundant cause for thinking that the
general sentiment of the county has long
favored that policy.
In taking leave of this subject for the
present, we cannot refrain from remarking
that to the members of the Pension Com
mittee Of the Grand Army belongs much Of
the credit for securing Congressional action.
By the clearness and force with which
they presented the wishes of the soldiers
themselves, they thoroughly dispellod any
impression that might have existed that the
pending measure was the invention of a
lobby. We would fain believe also, that
the constant and earnest advocacy by TIE
NATIONAL TRIBUNE of an increase in the
clerical force Of the Pension Office has not
been without its influence, and the hope
inspires us with determination not to
weary in well-doing until every just de-
mand of the soldier for congressional aid
has been fully complied with. THE Ma
TIONAL TRIBUNE led the fight against Com
missioner Bentley, which resulted so
happily for the welfare of our pensioners,
and headed off the attempt in Congress to
repeal the arrears bill, and it now has the
satisfaction of knowing that the cruel delay
in the settlement Of pension claims, against
which it has protested with all the elo-
quence at its command, is about to come to
an end forever. Il has been glorious cam
paign and we congratulate our readers on
the result
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
Total
425,000,000

After the last-named year it is thought
the annual pension charge will be about
$4,000, GOO, gradually diminishing as death
and other causes abridge the roll of pen
sioners. These figures at first sight may ap-
pear very large but it must be remembered
that $305, 100000 will be in part for arrears
of pensions and in part for 5000 new pen
soners, and the St5,000000 annual pay
ments after 1856 will be on account OF
100000 pensioners, which viii then be the
total number on the rolls. As we have
already pointed out, however, the only ques-
ton really involved is the policy Of paying
$425000 900 during the next four years OF
extending the payments over q longer period.
Il is admitted that the Government owes
this sum and must pay it some time, and
in our opinion there are the strongest pos
sible reasons why it should be paid now
rather than at later period. In the first
place national honor requires it. This money
is part of the debt which the Government
owes TO the soldiers who fought its battles
and they are in sore need of it. The bond
holders are drawing interest on the debt
which the Government owes them, and are
not at ali anxious to be paid, but our Grip
pied veterans have nothing to support them
but the sacred promise of the Nation to
"bind up their wounds" grely if there is
any object more than another to which the
surplus revenues ought to be devoted it is
the fulfllment Of that promise In the
second place sound policy requires it. As
Representative Cannon forcibly said
"The time to pay the debts Of an individual
or nation is when he or it has the money to
pay with Under existing revenue laws after
the payment Of al! expenses of the Govern
ment, including interest upon the public debt
and including the sinking fund, our surplus
revenues amount for 1851 10 500 O69, ,40L9o.
This fiscal year our surplus will amount
exclusive Of the requirements of the sinking
fund, 10 at least $l4i000,0jO, and there is 40
doubt tor the coming fiscal year, after we shall
have paid every expenditure and obligation
OF the Government, including provision for
the sinking fund and $100,0O0,OG0 for pensions,
under the operation of the present revenue
laws, we will still have Mt least 5S0,O00,OO0
remaining TO be applied TO the reduction OF
the public debt, and there can be no doubt it
Is much better TO use the money for the pay
ment Of debt arising from pensions
than it is to have it in the Treasury Il
standing temptation to those who are seeking
TO promote schemes at the expense Of the
Government and foster extravagant cxpendi-
lures. If this money is not used for these pay
mcnts and the time Of payment is unduly
delayed, not only will an injustice be done to
the pensioners by the delay, but the time may
come when, from business adversities of the
people, the revenues may fall of and these
debts still remain unpaid, and the alternative
will be presented of either borrowing or in
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
depriving of the aid to which their sacrifices
entitle them
One Bill That is All Right.

Sht fbili AfIdt Is All
"The bill is all right" said Mr.. Robinson,
Of Massachusetts, when the act to increase
the pension of all persons now on the rolls,
or hereafter put thereon, who lost an arm,
hand, leg, or foot, or suffered a disability
equal thereto, from $2i, the present rate, to
$40 per month, was called up by Mr.. Curtin,
the old war Governor of Pennsylvania, in
the House on the 8th inst, and passed
without q dissenting voice. The bill is
indeed all right, for it does only bare justice
to class of pensioners who have Jared
badly on the meagre allowances per
week-hithertO made them by the Govern
ment they sacrificed so much to defend.
The beneticiaries under this bill are not
very numerous, and the increased expense
which it will entail is only trife compared
with the sums Of money which Congress has
voted for less worthy purposes. But even
were it otherwise, the bill would deserve to
become a law, since it is based upon every
consideration Of equity and justice. The
Government is bound, by every principle of
honor, to make good, so far as it can, the
losses that were sustained by our ex-sOldiers
and sailors in its defense. It has expended
many millions Of dollars in indemnifying
loyal pToperty-owners for the confiscation
of their crops and cattle and the destruction
of their buildings during the war, yet these
losses are trivial in comparison with those
which our crippled veterans sustained on
the field of battle, and if any obligation rests
on it to make a full return for the losses
incurred in one case q much greater obliga-
tion exists in the other. To be sure it can
never make a full return for the loss of q
leg or an arm; no one has ever succeeded in
can, at least, make such a return as will
make the cripple secure against want during
which the bill in question provides for. It
may be said that $40 per month is very
liberal allowance, but it is none too liberal,
considering that, as q rule, these pensioners
have families to support-other mouths to
feed as well Us their own. The Government
cannot afford to ignore the fact that the
bullet which crippled the soldier crippled
his family also, and that in many cases it
rendered the latter as helpless as if he had
died of his wounds.
Besides, observation shows that as years
go by the disability Of this class of pensioners
becomes more serious, and in many cases
medical attendance-a costly luxury-is
necessary. The stumps of amputated limbs
often occasion trouble and it has frequently
happened that death has resulted from
wounds ten, fifteen, and even twenty years
after their infiction. And who, let us ask,
for pension Of forty dollars during the
remainder of his existence, would be willing
to lose a leg or an arm, hand or foot?
No. AS Mr.. Robinson observed, the bill
is all right, and we congratulate our readers
that it will become law before the close of
the present session of Congress.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

1910 SUBSCRlBERS.-WHEN CHANGING
YOUR ADDRESS PLEASE GIVE FORMER As WELL IS
PRESENT ADDRESS, WITH COUNTY AND STATE.
R5-TkKE NOTlCE.-IN SENDING MONEY Foa
SUBSCRIPTIONS BY MAIL, NEVER lNcLoSE THE
CURRENCY EXCEPT IN A REGISTERED LETTER.
A POSTAL MONEY CRDER OR A DRAFT ON Nav
York is THE BEST FORM OF REMITTANCE.
LosGEs 8Y MAIL WILL BE MOST SURELY AVOIDED
~ THESE DIRECTIONS ARE FOLLOWED.
81 No RESPONSIBILITY IS ASSUMED FOR SUB
scRlPTioNs PAID TO AGENTS, WHICH MUGf BE
At TIE RISK OF THE SUBSCRIBER.
RI COMMUNICATIONS, SUBSCRIPTIONS, AND
LETTERS UPON AL BUSINESS HATTERS RELAT-
ING TO THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE,
MUST BE ADDRESSED TO
THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE,
6f5 FIFTEENTH STREET, WASHINGTON, D. c..
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
Official Organ of the Grand Array.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SIXTEENTH

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SIXTEENTH
NATIONAL ENCAMPMENT G. A. r.,
BALTIMORE, NGrch 81, 1882.
To the Editor NATIONAL TRIBUNE.
SIR: I am so much pleased acih The fearless
advocacy Of The soldiers interests pursued By
y0ur paper that hare taken a personal interest
;r Introducing it into This Department. I fur
thc;' desire TO make IL the OFFICIAL ORGAN OF
THIS COMMITTEE, and lciH furnish yOw areek}y
soith 50 much Of his committees Correspondence
as XII BE interesting to our comrades throughout
the country rho Intend riSitiRg this city on the
Occasiaa # the assembling Of The National En-
caapmcat, in. Ja,,e meet. Yours, rcry traIy,
WN. E. ". Ross,
CEqira an EsecafiUe Committee
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

In forwarding has subscription for THE
NATIONAL TRIBUNE from LdCronee, Ndss.,
Gen George s. Merrill, Commander IN chief Of
tie Grand 4rmy Of the Republic, says:
"TRe bold Gdrocacy Of THE NATIONAL
TRIBUNE Of the rights Of the soldier c7icits my
hearty approval. Keep Oh as goa hare bcgun,
and DO not consider yo@r irorL accomplished
aatH ercry soldier 1cbO is entitled to q pension
receires it, and ecs,y soldiers 'rid0tC and erery
soldiers child are prOridcd for Jy tbe Gorcra-
aaent. (SigRed) GEO. S. MERRILL"
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

EVERY modern improvement has been in
troduced in the Mailing Department of THE
NATIONAL TRIBUNE in order to secure the
delivery Of the paper to subscribers with the
least possible delay. In this, as in other de-
partments of the paper, no expense has been
spared to secure perfect mail facilities, and
we have now the gratifying knowledge that
our arrangements in this respect are more
complete than those of any journal publish
ed at the National Capital. Each copy of
the paper bears the name of the subscriber
plainly printed, and in order to aid as far as
possible the Post-Office officials the immense
mail of THE NATgoNAL TRIBUNE is classi
fed by States before leaving our publication
Office. Any failure to deliver the paper
promptly must now rest with the Post-Offie
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
to avoid bad company.

THE value TO the Grand Army OF q news
paper like TIE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, which
circulates in every State and Territory Of
the Union and has correspondents in every
Department, requires no explanation at our
hands The paper speaks for itself, and we
are glad to know that is worth is heartily
appreciated by our comrades Ia every section
of the country. Among the members Of the
Grand Army, however, there are still many
who are unacquainted with its merits, and
we appeal TO cur subscribers to make a
special canvass of every Post and send Us a
club from each one. 1t is our aim to unity
and strengthen the interests Of the Order
and recruit its membership, and to do this
it is necessary that we should have the
active support and cooperation of every
comrade With circulation Of one hun
dred thousand copies THE NATIONAL
TRIBUNE viii WELD an irresistible influence
and be able to enforce the rights and protect
the interests of our ex-soldiers against all
opposition.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

AS HARVEST TIME approaches, the prom
ise of abundant crops grows brighter and
brighter, and we may look forward now with
confidence to decided improvement in the
general business of the country early in the
autumn. During the last few months the
air has been thick with prophecies of an
impending financial panic, but as time goes
on and these sinister predictions are not full
filed the public are beginning to realize
that they were based on mere conjecture,
and are less and less inclined to credit them.
The truth is, that the causes which usually
produce panic are absolutely wanting at
this time. A great deal of money has IN
doubtedly been put into new railroads,
mines, and other speculative ventures, but
not to the same extent as in the period i'm
mediately preceding the collapse of 1873,
and no such initiation of stocks exists now
as characterized the money market then.
1t is true that there has been n percepible
shrinkage of trade during the first half of the
present year, but the decrease can be fully
accounted for by the falling off in the cotton
and cereal crops of the country. last year,
and there is every reason for believing that
business will recover its healthy tone as
soon as the farmers begin to realize on this
seasons harvests. If our merchants and
manufacturers took fright every time our
croakers cried "panic" they would be in
perpetual state of trepidation.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
Terms to Subscribers. Payable in Advance:

Terms TO Subscribers. Payable in Advance:
POSTAGE rrEpno)
ONE COPY, ONE YEAR $3.50
FIVE COPIES 6.25
ONE COPY SIX MONTHS x
TEN COPIES, Cara GxTR. cory TO oETTeR-va OF
clUs) t2.5c
A SPECIMEN NUMBER OF OUR PAPER sEHT FREE on re.
QUEST.
TERMS FOR ADVERTISING rgs,Is-rO uPoN APPLICATION.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

The West Point cadets are greatly agitated
over the report that another colored lad is
about 20 be admitted to the Academy. We
trust the report is not true, not because we
think our embryo lieutenants ought to be
spared the awful humiliation Of sitting in
the same classroom and drilling in the same
rank with person Of color, but because it
would really be pity to subject the latter
to the insults and indignities which are sure
to be heaped upon him by his fellow-cadets,
and which it seems this Government of ours
is not strong enough either 20 prevent or
redress. And, besides, how would it be pos
sible for any well-bred colored youth to do
credit to his race if exposed daily to the
corrupting influence of those who think it
honorable to persecute a less fortunate COM
panion. No; West Point is no place for a
colored lad who respects himself and desires
to avoid bad company
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
Gle J}atio'',1 Gribtnse

TIE VALIDITY PUBLIC UNITED
STATES, AUTHORIZED LAW, INCLUDING DEBTS INCURRED FoR
PAYMENT PENSIONS AND BouNTEs FOR SERVICES ~ SUP
PRESSING RESURRECTION OR REsELuON, SHALL NOT &c CyGs
NgD''-SEc. = ART. XIV, CONSTITUTION or TIE UNITED
STATES.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE is at once the
largest, handsOmest and most interesting
soldiers paper published, and no ex-soldier
or sailor should be without it. Read what
your comrades say of it in our correspond
ence column.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

To CARE FOR Hfw WHO rAs CoR~E TEE BATTLE AID FoH
MS WIsJs AND ORPHANS kLgsHa" LNcoLH.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

TIE Senate should lose 10 time in taking
up the bill increasing the pension to $40 a
Elonth for men who lost a limb in the SER
vice. Don't delay the measure.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
WASHINGTON, D. c.. JUNE Il, 1882

lnrTazo Al ma r.ssoTor casTorro5 As szaoy0sIss .rsa
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

IF the Senate viii act as promptly as the
House has done, the legislative judicial and
executive bill-under which the clerical force
in the Pension Bureau is to be increased-the
measure viii have become operative before
the next issue of THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE.
IN THE apportionment of the twelve hun
dred additional clerks in the Pension Bureau
and kindred offices for which the Legis-
lative, Executive and Judicial appropriation
bill makes provision, it is to be hoped that
the general law requiring preference to be
given TO ex-soldicrs and sailors will be faith
fully adhered to. The law has been shame
fully ignored in the Departments, but GER
tainly in the Pension Office we may expect
to see it duly observed.
The National tribune., 1882-06-17
The NATIONAL TRIBUNE
DISTINGUISHED 1879
tEsTheusHED 1879

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY
The National tribune., 1882-06-17

-ERms FOR ADVERTISING roswssrO uroN APPLICATION.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1882-11-09


= Atksation Of u. public Is called to Green.
Asrg 4 Co.'S mems Quitting department,
Which comprises bran new stock through.
out OF clothing Hats, Boots, Underwsre,
ETC., from the best known manufactures on
the Pacific coast.
THANKS. Our blessed Lord says. "It
= insrs blessed to give. than to receive, F."
but the smiling faces 1t the NJ. Z. Parson.
age Wednesday eve., the 25, showed that
both giving and receiving are happyfying
Surely our cellsr filled with the choicest
fruits and vegetables Of this fruitful land
our larder stores with -four and groceries, q
beautiful cloak on the table, our lean hus.
band clad in beautiful gloves. and splendid
evsseoas. with . lining Of greenbacks ID the
vest pocket. and two good loais of wood
following next day, is cause Of hsarty thanks
70 new and generous friends. That great
GOD fish made Farnie ray, 1--WE are not 60.
ing TO stAryo, if we.are in Idaho" Our
qpict wifc''smiled beautiful smole, and our
big daughter kissed her father saying, s'pa
"a We have new fricnds. IL we are far away
from oldones. LEVI TARK L FAMILY.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1882-11-09
EASTERN ELECTION.

The following kilograms were receiv-
ed in this city from Dayton on Tuesday
night, Nov. Z:
DAYTON, Nov. Z, l0:4S-p.m.
The Democrats sweep everything in
the East; California, nothing yet. The
lines are working very hard below.
This is all that has got through yet.
IL m, Republicans gain as returns
come in; no figures from any State yet.
LES an, Latest report Pennsylva.
mia between $4,000 and 10000 major
ity. New Jersey still returns Demo.
cratic majority. No report from Cali
fornia.
DAYTON, Nov. &, 1882.
Cleveland, of New York, has receiv.
ed $4,000 majority. Republicans con-
cede the Massachusetts election to
Butler. Republicans of Pennsylvania
defeated by $4,000. Democrats carry
Connecticut aud Georgia.
6:l5P. n.
Beaver $4,000 in Penn, Delaware doubtful.
Indiana dem. Colorado doubtful. Mass. and
New York DEM. New Hampshire rep, Rhode
Island rep. Nebraska will b republican. Cal
fornia gives Estee sixty thousand majority.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1882-11-09

Owing TO stringency Of the money market
East, combined with heavy failures, all i'm.
ported or domestic dress goods, LADIES' ready
made clothing such as dolmans, ulsters, over
coats, etc., ETC., are reported reduced East
fully :5 per cent.--wc reduce our prices in
proportion. rs A. DAMAS.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1882-11-09
NOTICE FOR Pre- :eRFII0W PROOF.
W. G. WHITLEY.
LAND OFFICE AT

Lewiston, I. T, Oct, II, 1889.
NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT
IN The following manned settler has fled
notice Of his intention to mako 6na' proof in
support Of his claim. and secure final entry
thereof at the expiration Of thirty days from the
date Of this notice, viz: Tuesday Nov. II, 1889
10 am, At this Office, William C. whitley. d.
8. No. 1879 for tho lots and ,. IS sel-4
nwl-4 sec TIP So nr2 ". and names the
following rs his Witnesses, viz: A. 7. Smith.
W. Steward and J. Furpow, of Moscow, I. r.
J.. N. HowE,
IL Register.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1882-11-09

xOt8A uUu1OSt u vOto C1s8t-lSJ.
+ F Eingissr, l9S; Geo. Ain.lie, l. W s
Taylor. liz; D W G Dunwsll, 70. IB Cow.
On. l25; b d Donaldson, 70. w Fee, lO3; A
Buchanan, Ill; X Larson, lis; J H Irvine,
lO0; Gee W Toner. IS; Phillip Grigsby, 81.
W D Robbins, e. Ere Baird. I2S. v Wing,
lO7; | N Maxwell, g. A Quackenbush, lO4;
J G Elder, los. John H Evans, 1872; B A
Nymeyer, 81. Geo Glass. liz; Peter NJ Dav.
il, 80. L F Herbert, %; VA Calbreath,
l2l. A Colburn, ll6; A T Beall, ~. I'D
LAthroyY g.; D hoffman, 1874; + " Camern,
las; ) B Msnomy, ~; Virgil Randall, 10;
D SParbcck, lO7. H b Blake.
PARADISE PRECINCT.
Total number Of votes cast--267
TT Singiasr. 2e2; George Ainslic, 0; Tay.
lor, IT'S; Dunwell, %. Cowen. l2l; Donald.
son. 1877. Fee. "a; Buchanan, pa; Larson,
lb7; Irvine, 81; Toner. 203; Grigsby, s..
Robbins, l59; Ezra Baird. lO6. Wing, l4l :
Maxwell, l23. Quackenbush, 1856; Elder,
l06 Evans, l24; Nymeyer, l4l. Glass, las;
Davis, l2l. Herbert, 100; Calbreath, 1877.
Colburn, 1872; Bsall, 100. Lathrop. so;
hoffman, 20s; Camern, l54; Menomy, 60.
Randall. 40; Spurbeck, l63.
BIC PorLATcM PRECINCT.
Total number Of votes cast.--5s.
Siagissr, So; Ainslks, O. Taylor, p. Dun.
wsll@ -. Cowen, u; Donaldsop, 90. Fee,
20; Buchanan, 81; LAWSON, IS; Irvine. -;
Toner, l9s Grigsby, q. Robbins, 81; Baird,
p. Wing, $; Maxwell, Is. Quackenbush,
%; Elder, 70. Evans, 81; Nymeyep, %.
Glass. So; Davis q. Herbert. ~; Cal
breath, -. Colburn, %; Beall, 25. LAth-
rop. "a; hoffman, 80; Camera, -; Memo
my, Is; Randall, 10; Spurbeck. p. Blake, % .
IDAHO County.
The following is the vote so far a.
heard. Mt. Idaho, Grangeville, Clear,
water and Cottonwood precincts:
Singiser, 800; Ainslie, ~. Council
Green d, III; Odle r, 226. AS en-.
bly-Pearson r. 200; Larrimer r, 1859;
Surridge d, ISL; Butler d, l60. Sheriff
Wilson I, l04; Rhodes d. 242 Pro-
bate Judgs-Woodward =, 1l3; Case
d, 229. Observation-Disclosures r,
2lS; Baird d. 1874 Treasurer-Dor-
man r; 205; Haveraick d 1873. Asses.
sor-Telch-r r. ISL; Witt d, l67. Com.
missioners--W Wiley r, 1874; Crooks I,
1856; Smith r, l65; Wall d, Ill; Carr
d, 226; Schmedke d. l4h No returns
on attorney or coroner only from
Grangeville, giving Foraey 81 aud
Fem 10 for attorney and Brooks 6S,
Denny 81 for coroner.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1882-11-09

On exhibitions and IOs ale the most beau.
thul and chasts selection Of Roger Bros
triple and quadruplc plated ware, consisting
of .ugar'bowls, butter dishes, spoon holders,
knives, spoons, crsamers, syrup-mugs, fruit
dishs'. cake baskets. ice pitchsra. mags.
eoolets, vases. napkin-rings in many styles,
individual castors. Of unique and fantastic
designs suitable for home use and holiday
gifts 1t Greenbarg L Cos.
Lewiston teller. [volume] (Lewiston, North Idaho) 1878-1900, 1882-11-09
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
LAND OFFICE AT
Colfax W. u. Oct q 1852

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT THE
~ following named settler has died noties Of
his intention to mako hnol proof in support Of
his claim and said proof will be msds before
U. s. Land s6ice at Cclfax W. T. on Dec. ~
1852 at 10 q, IN. viz: Matthans Carbahn, who
made DIS No, 2450 for the - az nv a. ioh
and sec Up l: nr tS ., ". m. He names
the following witnesses to prove his continuous
residence upon and cultivation Of said land viz:
John ]. Schlee. Ernst Schultz Dan Hsaley and
Geo. Bullwinkle oil Of Uniontown. Whitman
Co. W. r. ], NJ, ARMSTRONG
Ra~ssAsp