davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Chicago Live Stock.

CHICAGO, Nov. 10.-The Drovers' Journal
reports: Hogs, receipts 10000; shipments $500;
market slow; rough grades weak hut the general
market unchanged; mixed 6.l0@6.65; heavy go
@7.50; light 6.2O@6.75; skips s.5u15.75.
Cattle, receipts 5000; shipments 400; quality
fair; market fairly active and steady; exports
6.OOa6.7O; good to choice shipping 5.2O@5.sO;
common to fair 4.00@5.0O: mixed butchers
dragging at 1Oc decline; common TO fair 800:
medium to good 3.2593. IS; stockers and feeders
2.65@4.35; Texans 370@4.4o; Americans 4.20
@5.65. Sheep, receipts 1900; shipments l,2oe;
dull and weak; quality poor; choice Esq SOC;
medium 3.50@4.00; common to fair 2.5O93. so;
Texans 260@3.50.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

NOTICE TO CREDITORS-Stat of Minnesota
N county of Ramsey-ss. In Probate Court.
In the matter of the estate of Irene B. Keep, de
ceased.
Notice is hereby given to all persons having
claims and demands against the estate of Irene b.
Keep late of New Orleans. State of Louisiana, de.
ceased that the Judge of the Probate Court OF said
county will hear, examine and adjust claims and
demands against said estate, at his Office in Saint
Paul. in said county, on the first Monday of the
month of December, A. D. 1882, the same being the
fourth day of said month, and that six months
from the 18th day OF October 1892 have been limited
and allowed by said Probate Court for creditors to
present their claims.
Dated this 18th day of October, A. D. 1882.
RICHARD W. Johnson,
Administrator of the estate of Irene B. Keep
deceased DC 21-5w-Sat
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
,TATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF RAMSEY
)-ss. In Probate Court, Special Term, OCTOBER

OF MlNNESO1A, OOON1 OE nAM0Ex
C-ss. In Probate Court, Special Term, OCTOBER
~, 1882.
In the matter of the estate of Isaac n. Perdue,
deceased:
On reading and filling the petition of Charlie A.
Bacon, formerly Charlie A. Perdue, by O'Brien,
Eller and O'Brien representing among other things
that she is the daughter of said deceased, that
the 9th day of March, 1864, Mary E. Perdue was
duly appointed adminisuatrix of said estate, that
said Mary L. Perdue died in or about the month of
December, 1865, without having fully administered
said estate, and praying that some suitable person
be appointed administrator de bOnis of said
estate of Isaac n Perdue deceased in place of the
said Mary E. Perdue, deceased, and that such other
and further relief may be had In the premises to
this court may seem meet and proper.
It is ordered, That said petition be heard before
the Judge of this Court, on Monday, the 18th day
of November A. D. 1882, at 10 O'clocka M, at the
Probate Office in said county.
Ordered further, that notice thereof be given to
the heirs of said deceased. and to all persons in
terested, by publishing copy of this order for
three successive weeks prior to said day of hear
ing, in the DAILY GLOBE, newspaper
printed and published at st. Paul, in said County
By the Court, HENRY OGORMAN,
II. S. Judge of Probate.
Attest: Frank Robert.Jr., Clerk DC 21-sat-4w
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

NEW YORK, Nov. 10.-Fiour dull; unchanged;
receipts 81, 40 barrels; exports LOO; superfne
state and western 3.25@3.SO: common to good
extra 3.90@4 .40; good to choice 450@7 so; white
wheat extra 6.25@7.50; extra Ohio 3.S0@7.00;
st. Louis 3.7097.50; Minnesota patent process
6.75@S.25. Wheat, cash stock a trife better;
options opened 15@Mc higher, afterwards lost
receipts 279,0U0 bushels; exports $4,000; No. 2
spring nominal; ungraded red S7@1.13%; No.
8 red l.03@1.031 Is; steamer No. red 1.0419
LOG; No. 2 red 1.U7@1.OS certificates; l.071s
@1.094 delivered: No. l red 1.12I@1.13s4;
mixed winter 1.o21a@l. LOB; ungraded white sec
@$1.12%; No. 2 white 1.0i Gl."11E: No. do
sales 81, 900 bushels at l.0s4gLtS2l certificates;
sales 100000 bushels at l.O71sg1.07s4,
closing at 1.071a; December sales 424.0G0
bushels at 1.0S5s61 094, closing at 1.094;
January sales 81, 900 bushels at 1.11H@L11%,
closing at LILY; February sales 1902 200,
bushels at 1.131l@l.l35s, closing at l.133s;
March sales 24,FO bushels at 1.l54. Corn,
cash early delivery 1920 higher: late options
4@1c better; receipts 1880 bushels; exports
10, $40; ungraded S0@81$4c; No. S71ac; No. 2
elevator 9214c delivered No. 2 white CSC; low
mixed SIS; No. 2 November 34@86c, closing at
S54c; December IS S@751ac, closing at TIC;
January 651s966c, closing at 652sc; February
63M@6411sc, closing at $3.50. Oats 4@1sc
hlgher; moderately actlSe; receipts ol,eOO ousl-
els; exports none; mixed western 37@43c;
white western 43@4Sc. Coffee dull and weak;
Rio cargoes quoted at 74@7Hc. Sugar
dull and unchanged; fair to good refining quoted
at 7$s@7]%c. Molasses quiet but firm; New
Orleans 4O@60c. Rice quiet but steady;
Domestic 5A@7c; Rangoon 5@511sc; Petna So
@51sc. Petroleum quiet but firm; united .255s
crude s1s@s55sc; refined S2s@sc. Tallow quiet
but steady; S5-16@Sskc. Rosin quiet; 1.57 =
@1.95. Turpentine dull and weak; 531ac. Eggs,
western quiet but firm; Csc. Pork dull and
unchanged; new mess 22.25@22.50. Beef quiet
but steady; extra India mess $500. Cut meats
dull and nominal; long clear middles l2.25@
1880. Lard unsettled and lower; prime steam
II. 40@12.45. Butter quiet but firm; for choice
15@37c. Cheese dull and unchanged; western
fat 5@l215.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS,
CITY OF ST. PAUL, Mimi, Nov. 8, 1882.
The assessment of benefits, costs and expenses
arising from the grading of Rosabel street from
Fourth (4th) street to the Union Depot grounds,
in the city of st. Paul, Minnesota, having been
completed and entered of record BY, the-B Board of
Public Works in and for said city, said Board
will meet at their Office in said city at p. m.
on the goth day of November, A. D. 1882, to
hear objections (if any to said assessment, at
which time and place, unless sufficient cause is
shown to the contrary, said assessment will be
confirmed by said Board.
The following is a list of the supposed own
ers' names, description of the property benefited
and the amounts assessed against the same,
tO-wit:
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Confirmation Of Assessment for Grading
Williams Street.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS, !
CITY OF ST. PAUL. MIMI, Nov. 8, 1852.

The assessment of benefits, costs and ex-
penses arising from the grading of Williams
street from Mississippi street to point opposite
the line between lots and Z, block 8, DeBow,
Smith, Risque & Williams addition, in the city
of st. Paul, Minnesota, having been completed
and entered of record by the Board of Public
Works in and for said city, said Board will meet
at their Office in said city at p. m. on the Goth
day of November, A. D. 1882, to hear objec-
tons (if..any) to said assessment, at which time
and place, unless sufficient cause is shown to the
contrary, said assessment will be confirmed by
said Board.
The following is a list of the supposed owners
names, description of the property benefited,
and the amounts assessed against the same, to
wit:
DeBow, Smith, Risque & Williams Addition to
st. Paul.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

NTATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF RAMSEY
~ SIN Probate Court, special term, NOvem-
Der !, 1882.
In the matter of the estate of Benjamin Sellers.
deceased:
On reading and fling the petition of Abby
Sellers, of Woodbury. county. State of Iowa, repre-
sentng among other things, that Benjamin Sellers,
late of Grant county, State OF Wisconsin, on the
2lst day of June, A. D. 1870, in said Grant county,
State of Wisconsin, died interstate, and being a
ident of said Grant county. State of Wisconsin, at
the time of his death, leaving goods, chattels and
estate within said Ramsey county, State of Min
nesota, and that the said petitioner is the widow
of said deceased, and praying that administration
of said estate be to John NJ. Warner granted;
It is ordered, That said petition be heard before
the Judge of this Court, Monday, the 9th day of
December, A. D. 1892 at 10 O'Clock a. M, at the
Probate Office in said county.
Ordered further, That notice thereof be given to
the heirs of said deceased and to all persons inter-
ested by publishing copy of this order for three
successive weeks prior to said day of hearing, in
the DAILY GLOBE, newspaper printed and pub
Hshed at St Paul, in said county.
By the Court, HENRY O'GORMAN,
II. S. Judge of Probate.
Attest: Frank Robert. Jr., Clerk.
EDWIN CREDIBLE, Attorney for Petitioner.
L ir- Sat
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

LAX Elmo and Saltwater Trains.
LEAVE MINNEAPOLIs.
$500 M loo m, f4:30 m, $500 M.
LEAVE ST. PAUL.
1000 N 1870 N, 1920 n. i145 N, 1920 n
and S:45 pm
LEAVE ST LLwATER FOR ST. PAUL & MINNEAPOLIS.
1920 m, l1:i3 m, t2:l1 m, 1856 p m, 65s p m
Daily. I Except Sundays. Except Mondays.
Tickets, Sleeping Car Accommodations and
all information can be secured at
No. IL Nicollet House Block, Minneapolis,
J. CHARBONNEAU, Ticket Agent.
Minneapolis depot, corner Washington and Fourth
avenue north. W. P IVES, Ticket Agent.
Corner Third and Jackson streets, st. Paul,
THOMPSON 4 PETSCH, Ticket Agents.
New Union Depot, foot of Sibley street,
KNEBEI. & BROWN, Ticket Agents
g. G. STRICKLAND. Ticket Agent, Saltwater
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

All objections to said assessment must be made
in writing and filed with the Clerk of said Board
at least one day prior to said meeting.
JOHN HARRINGTON,
Official: r. l.. GORMAN, President.
Clerk of Board of Public Works. S14-16
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Confirmation Of Assessment for
Grading Rosabel street from
Ninth to Tenth street.
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS,
CITY OF ST. PAUL, MIMI, Nov. 8, 1882.

OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS,
CITY OF ST. PAUL. Mimi, Nov. 8, 1882.
The assessment of benefits, costs and expenses
arising from the grading If Rosabel street, from
Ninth 9th street to Tenth 10th street, in the
city of St. Paul, Minnesota, having been COM
pleted and entered of record by the Board of Pub
lie Works in and for said city said board will meet
at their Office in said city at p. M, ON the Goth
day of November, A. D. 1852, to hear objections
(if any, to said assessment, at which time ard
place. unless sufficient cause is shown to the con-
trary, said assessment will be confirmed by said
Board.
The following is list of the supposed own
ers' names, description of the property bene-
fitted, and the amounts assessed against the same,
to-wit:
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Northern Minnesota, Dakota & Manitol

Will find his the best and most convenient route to
the East, as connections are made in the Union
Depot at Minneapolis, guarding against loss Of
time.
Remember. St. Paul passengers leave the Union
Union Depot at Minneapolis at $40 a. M and $50
p. m.
Fare always as low by any other route and
baggage checked through. Ask for your tickets via
this route, and be sure they read via Albert Lea
and West Liberty
B. F. Mills, General Freight and Passenas.
Agent. B., c. z. n Railway
A: h. Bode. General Traffic Manager, NJ. l. st. L.
Railway.
E. St John, General Ticket and Passenger Agent
c., r. I. s. P. Railway.
The city office of the Albert Lea Route In
Minneapolis is at No. Washington avenue oppo-
slteN1collet house. and in St. Paul at corner Third
and Sibley streets
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

Cincinnati Whisky Market.
CINCINNATI, Nov. 10.-Whisky steady; fair de-
mand; Sl.14.
Steamship News.
ST. JOHNS, N. F., Nov. 10-The steamer
Lord Tough, from Liverpool to Philadel-
phia, passed Cape Race this afternoon.
She reports very heavy weather. All on
board are well.
QUEENSTOWN, Nov. 10-Arrived: the
Adriatic from New York.
NEW YORK, Nov. 1O-Arrived: the Gel
tic, from Liverpool.
BALTIMORE, Nov. 1O-Arrived: the Aus
tralia, from Liverpool.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
River Division.

4sANCL Law lS4OAs
st. Louis Express.........
Milwaukee 4 Chicago Ex..
Milwaukee & Chicago Elk. D..
Iowa l. MINI. Division.
South'n Mimi. & Iowa Elk.
OwatOnna Accom-. ........
Mason Cy. South & West E,
Hastings & Dakota Div.
Aberdeen & Dakota Elk.
Bird Island Accom-
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Hoyt's Addition to st. Paul.

All objections to said assessment must be
madein writing and filed with the clerk of said
Board at least one day prior to said meeting.
JOHN HARRINGTON, President.
Official: r. L. NORMAN.
Clerk Board of Public Works. 3I4-16
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Commission Dealers.

The following ara the quotations of sales from,
by commission men yesterday and are subject
to daily fluctuations:
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

CTATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF RAMSEY
- SIS. In Probate Court special term, October
90, 1882.
In the matter of the estate OF Charles Scheer, de-
ceased.
On reading and fling the petition of Albert
Scheffer, Charles n. Nelson and George r. Finch,
executors of the estate of Charles Scheffer, de-
ceased, representing among other things that they
have administered said estate, and praying that
time and place be fixed for examining and allowing
their account of administration and for the assign
ment of the residue of said estate to the trustees
named i'll the will of said deceased;
1t is ordered, that said account be examined and
petition heard by the Judge of this Court, on Mon
day, the 18th day of November, A. D. 1882, at 2
O'Clock p. NJ, at the Probate office in said county.
And it is further ordered. that notice thereof be
given to all persons interested by publishing copy
of this order for three successive weeks prior to
said day of hearing, in the DAILY GLOBE, news
paper printed and published at Saint Paul, in said
county. By the Court,
Ills. HENRY O'GORMAN. Judge of Probate.
Attest: Frank Robert, Jr. Clerk.
Win. S. Moore, Attorney for Executors.
Oct 21-Sat-iw
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Hopkins Addition to St. Paul.

All objections to said assessment must be
made in writing and fled with the Clerk of said
Board at least one day prior to said meeting.
JOHN HARRINGTON, President,
Official: r. L. GoRMAN,
Clerk Board of Public Works. Sl4-lc
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Duluth Wheat Market.

Especial Telegram to the Globe.
DULUTH, Nov. 10.-The markets ON 'change
to-day were nominally unchanged, and resulted
in no transactions; No. hard offered at los,
LOTS bid; one car of No. offered at SIC, CSC
bid; 96c was bid for No. 1, and 92c for No. 2
November delivery; year wheat offered at 1.0211a,
1.0la4 bid. Local freight nominal. Receipts
%, 903; shipments 10000.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
DRY Goods.

| NEW YORK. Nov. 1O.-BeyOnd such very
moderate selections as necessities and the cur
rent demand compelled the market continues
exceedingly dull and prices unchanged. Dry
| goods imports for the week 81, 785, 19l.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
M. DORAN'S REPORTS

The following quotations giving the range to
the markets during the day were received by NJ.
DoRAN, Commission Merchant:
LIVERPOOL, Nov. 10, 10 a. m.-Spot wheat
firm; 3d@6d higher. Spot corn penny higher.
Cargoes off coast strong. English country
markets quiet but steady. French markets
steady.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

NNTATE OF MINNESOTA-COUNTYO OF RAMSEY
- SIS In Probate Court, Special Term, OctO-
Der 81, 1882.
In the matter of the estate of Adolph Mueller de-
ceased.
Whereas, An instrument in writing, purporting
to be helast will ard testament of AdOiph Mueller,
deceased late of said county, has been delivered to
this court:
And whereas, Maria Mueller has filed Herewith
her petition. representing among other things that
said Adolph Mueller died in said county on the oath
day OF October, 1882 testate, and that said petit
toner is the sole executrix named ia said last will
and testament, and praying that the said instrument
may be admitted probate, and that letters tesla
nentary be to her issued thereon;
It is ordered, That the proofs of said instrument,
and the said petition be heard before this court, at
the probate Office i'll said county. on the 2lst day of
November A. D. 1892. at ten O'Clock in the forenoon,
when all concerned may appear and contest the
probate Of said instrument;
And it is further ordered, That public notice of
the time and place Of said hearing be given to all
persons interested, by publication of these orders
for three weeks successfully previous TO said day of
hearing, in the DAILY GLOBE, newspaper printed
and published at st. Paul, in said county.
By the Court, HENRY O'GORMAN,
IL. ST. Judge OF Probate.
Attest: FRANK ROBERT, JR, Clerk. oct 27-Sat-4W
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

OTATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF RAMSEY,
us. District Court. Second Judicial District.
John T. Smith, Plaintiff, against Peter Ander-
son, defendant.
SUMMONS.
The State of Minnesota TO the above named de-
PENDANT:
You are hereby summoned and required to
answer the complaint of the plaintiff in the above
entitled action, which is on file in the Office of the
clerk of the District court of the Second Judicial dis
trict, county of Ramsey and State of Minnesota,
and to serve a copy of your answer to said com
plant the subscribers at their office, in the city
of ST. Paul, il the said county of Ramsey, within
twenty days after the service of this upon
you exclusive of the day of such service; and, if
you fail to answer the said complaint within the
time aforesaid the Plaintiff in this action will take
Judgment against you for the sum of Two Hundred
and fifty dollars, with interest thereon from and
since September 10Th, 1882 together with the costs
and disbursements herein
Dated September 18th, 1882
WALSH & GOFORTH,
Plaintiffs Attorneys, 43 East Third street, ST. Paul.
MINI oct 14-sat-T-w
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Morning Board Quotations.

the buyers were several savings banks and insti-
utions which want this class of securities.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Confirmation Of Assessment for Grading
WaCouta Street.

OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS,
CITY OF ST. PAUL, MIMI, Nov. 9Th, 1882.
The assessment of benefits, costs and expenses
arising from the grading of Wacouta street, from
point opposite the center of block 2, Hopkins
addition, to the Union Dept Grounds, in the
city of St. Paul, Minnesota, having been
of Public Works, in and for said city,
said Board will meet at their Office in said city,
at 2p.m., on the Goth day of November A. D.18S2,
to hear objections (if any, to said assessment,
at which time and place, unless sufficient cause
Is shown to the contrary, said assessment will be
confirmed by said Board.
The following is list of the supposed owners
names, a description of the property benefited
and the amounts assessed against the same;
to-wit:
Hopkins Addition to St. Paul,
Supposed owner and
description. Lot. Block. Benefits.
George Benz and John
r Haggepmiller. ;........ ! 2 SIP o os
David Sheppard. ....... l72 O8
St. Paul Proper
Supposed owner and
description. Lot. Block. Benefits.
Joseph Leighton and Wal
terB Jordon .... II % SIP O9
Gustav Wilius, My 150 fit
Except Third street)... l 20 172 0S
All objections to said assessment must be
made in writing and fled with the Clerk of said
Board at least one day prior to said meeting.
JOHN HARRINGTON, President.
Official: R. l.. GoRMAN,
314-316 Clerk Board otPublic VI ks.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
Confirmation Of Assessment for
Grading Rosabel street from
Fourth street to Union
Depot Grounds.

OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS,
CITY OF ST. PAUL, Mimi, Nov. 8, 1882.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11

Minneapolis mSsaS st. PA? Paul.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1882-11-11
IRA VELERS' GUIDE
st. Paul RailarGu Time Tables.

The train leaving Minneapolis at 500 p. m. and
ST. Pal at s45 p. N. is the celebrated dining car
train,
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1882-08-31

1t is stated by Professor Helmer in the
London Lancet, that tin, even when quite
pure, is much more readily attacked by
canned articles of food than is generally
supposed. He has made an examination
of large number and a great variety of
such canned goods, finding tin in compare
lively large quantities in nearly all the
samples examined. Thus in .he line of
acid fruits,.a peaches and cherries, the
metal was corroded to an alarming extent !;
meats, and even condensed milk had
taken up sensible quantities of the metal.
A can of soup showed the presence of one
half grain of tin to the pound one of con-
densed milk, one-eighth Of grain, and a
can of oysters, about seven-tenths OF a
grain to the pound. Professor Helmer,
continuing his examinations in this line,
ascertained that soda water, and all other
varieties of aerated beverages which fell
under his observation, and which were
conducted through timed pipes contained
appreciable quantities of tin.
Daily Kennebec journal. [microfilm reel] (Augusta, Me.) 1870-1975, 1882-08-31

The depreciation during the past year
in the amount of nearly all agricultural
products exported from the United States
has been marked. Unreasonable regula-
tions by foreign governments, it will be
remembered, caused the beginning of a
decline. But the real cause was the high
prices that prevailed in this country
brought on by the drought of last year
and an increase in our population. The
decline in dairy products has been rela-
lively very large. The value of butter
exported during the three months ending
July 81, was S446,246 against 81. .270.-
023 for the same months last year, the
average export price having risen from
III cents in 1881 to 1873 cents in 1882.
The value of cheese exported has been
S4,661 ,033, against sc, ,494. .433 for the same
months last year, and the average export
price has only advanced from 10.4 cents to
1913 cents. Lard is the only important
article of which exports have increased,
and the gain. from Sl,701.112 in July.
1881, to 81 Sol ,23s in July. 1882, has been
in spite of an advance in average export
price from 11.4 cents to 1914 cents per
pound. In tallow there has been a loss
as to July of s146,0O0; in pork loss of
$4,000; in fresh beef loss of S597 900 !;
in salt beef loss of l13,OO0; in hams
loss of $l51 600; and in bacon loss of
sl,413,000. The aggregate value of pro-
visions and dairy products exported dur
the past seven months has been S57, ,462,-
ia in 1882, against $S2,711,714 in 1881,
and the decline, though smaller than in
breadstuffs or in cotton, has been impor-
tant enough to have an effect on the rate
of exchange.