davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
Assassination in Ireland.

On Saturday evening last, Dublin, Ireland
was the scene of most atrocions political assas-
sination more cold blooded, brutal and eowardl!
than that of the Russian Gar or President Tar
field. At a time when ireland was challeng-
ing the sympathy of the civilized world, ana
Enplaud had heeu brought to the point Of great
lv tightening her wrongs, if not doing her full
Justice, an act is perpetrated to shock the whole
world, and perhaps plunge Ireland into more
drplorable condition than ever.
The facts are as follows: Gladstone has been
exertiuc all his power to secure peace and con-
tent in Ireland, and was in fair way to succeed
Parnell and the other Irish members Of Pariia-
ment, confined in prison, were released, ana pro-
ceeded TO London. Mr.. Forster, the Chief secre-
tary Of ireland, protested against this, saying
that the only way TO preserve peace was by barsh
measures, and by keeping such agitators as Par
nell and his colleagues in confinement. Glad-
stone held that midness was the best way; and
therefore ParneIl and the others were released,
whereupon Forster resigned his office IN the
Ministry Lord Frederick Cavendish was ap-
pointed to the vacancy, and proceeded to Ireland.
While he represented Gladstone's conciliatory
policy, he was not the man the Irish agitators
wanted This seems TO have been the only ex-
cuse for the crime. Saturday evening, as Lord
Cayendish and Thomas Henry Burke, the Under
Secretary, were walking alone in Phenix Park,
Dublin, a car drove up, containing four men,
two of whom jumped out, and commenced an
assault upon the two officials, stabbing them in
the throat and breast, and then drove off. When
found, soon after, the two officers were dead,
and no trace of the murderers has been obtained.
1t seems that the leaders of agitation in Ire
land do not want peace and quiet. 1t would de-
stroy their occupation. As long as they can
keep up trouble in Ireland, Irishmen in America
will send their money home, to laid the cause, 7"
and the leaders will pocket it.
Assassination is what oDOnovan Rosa and
his crowd have been working for. The Irishnen
of this County will remember that this is the
very thing we cautioned them against seeming
to endorse, when they organized their Land
League, last Summer, aud which some of them
took unkindly. 2. V. Wise and the other speak
er endorsed this assassination business, and this
has been the object of some of their stripe, from
the beginning.
1t will be a wonder if this outrage does not
cause a reyulsion of feeling in England, and de-
stroy all sympathy for Ireland, and bring the
prison, the gibbet, and the bayonet again to the
front.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

GARFIELD FxPESsEs-Two CLAIMS CONSPICUOUS Br
THEIR ABsEScE.-The Pennsylvania and New Jersey
would render no bill take any pay. The part of
the latter small but il well done The xtra
track laid to the Elberon cottage cost several thou
nnd dollars and Congress might properly have been
asked to pay the hill. The Pennsylvania Company
gave special train 10 convey the wounded President
to Elberon, and the to carry his remains back
to Washington II also furnished the train carrying
body and mourners from Washington to Cleveland
For all of this the company will accept no eoupen-
sation. Charles G. Francklyn gave the use Of bis
cottage Eberon of his horses and carriage, of all
he had at the seaside that might contribute to the
comfort of the President serve the needs Of his
physicians and official household Mr.. Frsneklyn
will accept NO compensation. He has even insisted
that his shall mot be included by the Congress
ional committee among those of persons to whom
thanks due for courtesies services rendered.
Mr.. Franeklyn is a subject Of Great Brtain--tfiea
Heruld
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
Dr.. Frazier's Root Bitters.

Frazier's Root Bitters are not dramshop whiskey
beverage but strictly medicinal in every sense.
They act strongly upon the liver and kidneys, keep
the bowels open and regular, make the weak strong,
heal the lungs. build up the nerves and cleanse the
blood and system of every impurity.
For Dizziness, Rush of Blood to the Head, tending
to Apoplexy, Dyspepsia, Fever and Ague, Dropsy,
Pmples and Blotches. Scrofulous HumOrs and Sores,
Tetter Ring Worm, White Swelling Erysipelas, Sore
Eyes, and for young men suffering from Weakness
or Debility caused from imprudence, and to females
in delicate health, Fraziers Root Bitters are espe-
ciay recommended.
DIR. Frazier: have used two bottles Of your Root
Bitters for Dyspepsia, Dizziness Weakness and Kid
ney Disease, and they did me more good than the
doctors and all the medicine ever used From the
first dose took began to mend, and am now in
perfect health, and feel well AS ever did. con-
slider your medicine one Of the greatest blessings.
MRS. NJ. MARTIN, Cleveland, o.
Sold by all druggists everywhere at 81 per bottle.
HENRY & CO., Sole Propr's,
G. yesey Street, New York City.
ID. C. SINCLAIR,
l3octIy. Wholesale and Retail Agent, Troy, Kan.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

II We have had our attention directed to the
peculiar condition of affairs in st. Joseph. At
the late election, the Republicans swept every
thing except one Office. That officer was the
one who had the city bonds in his custody, and
Immediately after the election, it was discovered
that heavy amount Of bonds had been "stolen"
from his Office. Did the stolen bonds furnish the
means of securing his election, when every other
man on the ticket was beatenf And, although
a Republican Reform ticket was elected. there
is a prevalent idea leading to the suppOstion
that the same old crowd are still there. We
can't explain IL
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
River Transporta tion.

I am pleased to have the opportunity of saying to
my constituency, that the bill appropriating five
millions of dollars for the continuation Of the i'm
provement Of the Mississippi River, together with
an appropriation Of one million dollars for the i'm
provement of the Missouri River, passed the Senate,
on the 25th Of last month, by unanimous viva voce
vote. There appeared to be everything favorable
for n concurrence by the House. The great benefit
to be derived has all the objections against
the scheme, and at the final vote, Senators from all
the Atlantic States were over.anxous to be placed
on record favorable to the improvement Of the
Western waterways. very spicy debate occurred
in the Senate, the Constutionalty Of the pow
of Congress to appropriate money for the i'm
provement of levees along the banks of the Nssis-
ss-ippi and the text Of the bill excludes such i'm
provements and leaves it where think it properly
bslongs-with the States bordering on the river.
Yours,
A. W. WATERS.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

BrrIors woAES.-St John is going TO ring in Q
lot Of female strikers TO the State-about
hundred, we arc informed. plague Of locusts
would be blessing in comparison OF all the forms
which Misguided womAnhood takes, that is about
the worst We could pick them out in any crowd I;
they have an arrogant Lam holier-than-th hou- look
which il not to be mistaken. They always have
coarse muddy complexions. and look bi,ious, and
they ars invariably dead bexts expecting. rather
demanding, free entertainment at the hands of 4
suifering public. Poor Kansazl She Ii NO sooner nd
Of one plague than she is called upon to endure
another; but she has survived border rufiAnism,
drouth Krasshoppers and cid Pomsroy, 90 We think
she will live through the threatened Invasion We
know she viii. Her capacity for endurance is
uulinited--Frgnkforf Bee.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
kidney Complaint Cured.

B. Turner, Rochester, n. Y, writes: Il have been
for year subject TO serious disorder of the kid
news and often unable to attend to business pro-
cured your Burdock Blood Bitters. and relieved
before half bottle was used. l intend TO continue,
as feel confident that they will entirely cure me.
Price 81. 90. For sale by ID. {. Sinclair Bro Troy.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

To THE EDITOR TIE PHIIADELHHIA TINES
The New York Sun lDana-Arthur organ) tells you
that You have made n great mistake in assuming
that Because General Beaver missed the nomina-
ton for Vice President in place of General Arthur
he also missed the Presidency, and gives as the
son the impossibiity of eecting Garfield and Beaver
asserting that .the strength Of the ticket in the
candidate for Vice President" The position assumed
is correct bat the reason given 10 not the true
General Beaver would not have succeeded Garfield
because without Arthur as Vice President there
would have been assassination. r.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
gratefully,
MaG uH..G

~ Lieutenant DeLong and his men, Of the
Jeanette, have been found dead, at the mouth
of the Lena River, in Siberia. The question oc-
ours, what is the good to be derived from all this
suffering and loss of life, in attempts to discover
northern passagesi Ships provided and sailing
for the express purpose, get through by miracle,
if they get through at all; what chance wouId
vessels have that were engaged in regular COM
mercei And if they could sail through without
30 much danger, nothing can be produced in that
country to justify commerce. After getting
around, they must sail south in search of trade,
to countries that are more speedily and safely
communicated with by means of continental
railways, and canals uniting ocean with ocean.
II is search after something that is of no use
when found.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

II Here is a way to work up BOOM: The
Hiawatha Herald publishes long article in ia
vor of E. \. Morrill, for Congress. The White
Cloud Reriec copies it, giving credit to the Her
aid. Then the papers here and there announce
that the White Cloud Reriec contains an editori-
al strongly endorsing Morrill, for Congress.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

~ Some twenty to thirty Kansas papers keep
coming to us, marked "Please EI." 1t is not
because We do not wish to, that we do not COM
ply with the request for We would cheerfully
do so, if we could. But it is utterly impossible.
We cannot afford it, There are so many papers
in Kansas, that we have to confne our exchange
10 those that, from location or other circumstan-
ces arc of the most use TO u.s.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
Road Notice.
THE STATE OF KANSAS. lSs
nnsIrnIx cnI.xII -.

THE STATE OF KANSAS (Ss
DosFHAS COUNT
OFFICE OF COUNTY CLRRK, I
Troy, May 2 lss2. 5
NOTICE is hereby given that petition was presented
IN the Board Of Commissioners Of Doniphan County
Kansas their meeting the lst day Of May, Ies2
askng for change Of much Of the Columbus and Belle
mont and the Hamilton Mil and wathena rusds
through the north west quarter and the north half of the
south quarter and the north half Of the south east
quarter Of section sixteen 6 in township three 81 Of
Of range twenty-five @ beginning ut the north east
the quarter Of said section thence south
between the and northeast quarter aud the
north half Of the south and thenorth half Of the south
quarters Of said section the full rosd to be given upon
the side Of the line excepting the first eighty so rods
from the beginning where ten 0 feet of said rad viii be
given east Of said line.
sent writing the road prayed for will be established
the meeting Of the Commissioners une 5th is unless
serious objections presented
By orier of the Board Of County COnlmissioners
Attest ID. ". MORSE
MAY l. lss2-5w. County Clerk.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

All persons wishing to test the merits OF great
remedy-one that will positively cure Consumption,
Coughs. Colds Asthma Bronchitis, or any affection
of the Throat and Lungsare requested to call at ID.
C. Sinclair & Bros Drug Store. and get Trial Bot
tie of DIR. Kings New Discovery for Consumption,
free Of cost, which will show you what regular dol
lar. hnf.le will do.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
Sherif''s Sale.
7TnIExTy THE STATE TIE OF 6GITaHS.N KANSts ,ss

THE STATE OF kANSAS, (sS
COUNTY OF DONIPHAS.
In the District Court Dunphan County
A. Sumner, / Plaintiff
Mary Melinser
and
Lombard Mcidnger, Defendants
NOTICE is hereby given that win oi-r for sale 1t
N pube auction cash the hour Of oclosk p. n
On the la:h day Of June, 4. u. lsSa,
north door the Court House In the City Of Truy In
Donphan County State Of Kansas the following described
real estate. to wit: --t.'
The nsrth half Of the north anaer Of section thirty
ave. Cl5l in township three 90 Of ~enty tsi
In DOnphan COdnty Kansas. ''
Taken the property of Mary Nedinger ard Leonhard
Mednger and offered for sale to the highest bidder for
cash satisfy certain Judgment and cost. Of record
the District Court for DOnphan County In the State Of
Kansas in which A. Sumner was plaintiff and Mary Mel
dinger and LeOnhard Mridinger defendants
Given under my hand th. 9TH day Of MAY. A. D. lse2.
n C.. BAILEY.
Sheriff Of Doniphan County.
MAY II, Isse-Jv. Prs fee tlo;o.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
On ThirtY DaIs, Trini.

We will send DIR. Dyes Celebrated Electro-vo
lie Belts and other Electric Appliances on trial for
thirty days to young men and older persons, who
are afflicted with Nervous Debility, Lost Vitality,
etc, guaranteeing speedy relief and complete resto
ration of visor aud manhood. Also for Rheumatism,
Neuralgia, Paralysis, Liver and Kidney difficulties.
Ruptures, and many other diseases. Illustrated
pamphlet sent free. Addres, VOltaic Belt Company,
Marshall Mich.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
Road Notice.

THE STATE OF KASsAS ,sS
DoslPHAS COUNT,
COUNTY CLERk's OFFICE
TRoY, May . 1s52-
AIOTICE Is hereby given that petition presented
~ the Board Of Commissioners Of DOniphan County
KansAs at their meeting the lst day of May, ls2
asking for . change in Rad No. 345 il
the line Of the south east quarter Of section twenty
eight t2s In township four % Of range twenty c2ol
mencing the northeast Of the south half Of the
southeast quarter of said sction and cae said road all
the side If said line thence south TO nersec said
road the mouth Of the lane said section line.
whereupon. the said Board of County Commissioners ap
pointed the following named person.. viz: Charles Camp
bell Joseph C. Rea and Benjamin Brown viewers with
instructions tn the place of beginning Mon
day the 2 day Of May. lisa and proceed 10 view said
road give all parties hearing and make due report said
Board their session 10 be ed the 5th day Of June
iss2
By orJler Of Board Of County Commissioner,
Attest: ID. W. MORSE
Msy 4, 1ss2-3w. County Clerk.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

n The Kansas Editorial Association will
meet at Lawrence, on June 5th, and then will
make-sn excursion to all the State charitable
institutions. The managers of the Association
have as keen an appreciation of genuine fun as
the man whose little son wanted to go to the cir
Gus. Said the father: " If you will stay at home,
and be good boy, I'll take you, next Sunday,
to see where your grandmother is buried"
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

To prevent night sweats, TO ease the eough, and
arrest emacaton and decline no other form Of malt
medicine can possibly equal MALT BITTERS.
This original Nutrient and Tonic is rich in nourish-
ment and strength. II tides the patient the
most critical stagesof the disease digests and assm
iates food enriches and pures the blood. II builds
up the system, by stimulating into life the entire
process of digestion.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

II President Guiteau-we mean Arthur-has
issued proclamation relieving Fitz-John Porter
of that portion of the sentence of the Court Mar
tial that prohibited him from holding any office
under the Government of the United States. The
next thing you know, the Democrats will have
him nominated for some Office
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
our GIorious independence.

What can be more glorious than to be independent
of suffering caused by dyspepsia indigestion. consti
patton sick headache. or other diseases emanating
from the stomachi Ttis can be easily gained BY !
timely use of Burdock Blood Bitters. Price Hoo
For sale by ID. c. Sinclair & Bro, Troy.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

II We have recently learned, from those who
have the best means of judging, that Sam. Lap
pin is dead. His wife had heard nothing from
him for over two years, and came to the conclu-
sion that he was dead. She left Kansas, few.
weeks ago, to 60 to her friends, in Ohio.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
ror,une, for FARMER. and neeh.nIe..

Thousands Of dollars can be saved by using proper
Judgment in taking of the health Of yourself and
family. If you Bilious, pale sallow compile exion,
poor appetite. low and depressed spirits, and gem
orally debtsted, do not delay moment, but go at
once and procure bottle Of those wonderful Electric
Bitters which fail TO cure, and that for the
triiing sum Of fifty cents Tribune. Sold BY ID. c.
A. Bro Troy
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
County Board of EQUALIZATION

THE STATE OF KANSAS, lSS
DoNIPHAN CorNIN,
OFFIcE OF COUNTY CLERK
TRoY, MAY =, Iss2-
NOTICE il hereby given that the Board Of Couhty Com
~ missoners of DOniphAn County, Kansas viii meet
Board Of Equalization the Office of the County Clerk
Of said County Monday the 5th day Of June se for
the purpose Of equazng the value Of real and personal
property and any and an persons feeling themselves az
greved appear and have all in their returns
corrected, As justice and equity may demand.
d. ". MORSE County Clerk.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

u We see, by Eastern papers, that one Of our
subscribers, Mr.. Samuel Tolles, of Dunkirk, New
York, has just had decision rendered in his fa-
vor establishing his lease of $50 acres of the best
oil lands in Warren County, Pennsylvania.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

n hear that a new comet is daily expect
ed in sight. This seems to confirm the ancient
belief that when one bright star is extinguished,
another luminary appears to take its place.
PerrN BelmoRt
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

GOLDEN DAYs.-The May monthly part Of this
splendid publication for boys and girls has been
received, embracing the weekly issues during
the month of April The immense amount of
reading matter contained in this paper, its great
variety, and its SUPERIOR quality, make it the
best and cheapest publication for the young now
issued. Published by James Elverson, Philadel-
phia, Pa, at 50 year.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

n Horace Maynard, of Tennessee, died on
the Sd inst. He was a genuine Union man, dur
ing the Rebellion, and was one of the best men
of the South.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

Y When the little circumcised Jew, of New
York, tackled Blaine, he was astonished to find
what an improvement had been made in the art
of self-defence, since the time of Christ
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
sitting % yI1hes.

Mrs Z. Fl. Perkins. Greek Center, n. Y, writes
she had been troubled with asthma for four years-
Had to sit up night after night with il: and uits
mately cured by bottles of Thomas Electric Oil.
For sale by ID. c. Sinclair & Bro, Troy.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

II "When spoke of going to Europe soon,
thought the mosquitoes were already coming
but il must have been only gnat. l think
shall put it off few weeks lOnser.r-James C.
Rld;nr
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

" Wonen are EveFyWhere Using and re-
commendeng Pxrkers Ginger Tonic, because they
have Learned from experience that il speedily over
comes despondeney. indigestion. pain or weakness
in the back and kidneys, and other troubles peculiar
to the sex.-Hems Journal See I'D.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

II Prominent Irishmen in this country-with
the exception of oDonovan Rossa-generally
denounce the assassinatious at Dublin.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
Road Notice.

THE STATE OF KANSAS }ss
DOSIPHAS CoUSr,
CorSTr CLERks OFF1cK
Tkor. May q lss2
NOTICE is hereby given that petition presenfed
IN to the Board u Commissioners VI Doophsn County
Kanzas their meeting the lat day 81 Nay Ise1
asking that road be established at the following point.
wit:
Beginning at the north west Of the northeast
quarter Of section twenty eight t2 in township four 90
Of range twenty to running secton line the
trsveled road running north and south-
whereupon the said BoaId of County Commissioner sp
pointed the following named persons VIZ: Cha. Campbe
joseph c. Rez and Benz Brown viewer. with instruc-
the place beginning Monday the 22d
day Of May 1872 and proceed to view said road give al
parties hearing and make due report 70 said Board
their session be held the 5th day Of June
By order Of the Board Of County COMMISSIONER
Attest: ID. W. MORSE
Nay & Ise2-3u. County Clerk
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
Useless Fright.

To worry about any Liver, Kidney or Urinary
Trouble especially Bright's Disease or Diabetes
Hop Btters 'er fails Of a cure where s poe
sihle. We know this
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

n Judge Sherman, of the St. Joseph Circuit,
died at ST. Louis, on Sunday.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

IMPORTANT FROM Mrs. JESSE JAMEs.-It is
said that Mrs. jesse James organ, the st. Joseph
Herald will soon publish the following import
ant letter from the widow of the martyr:
ST. JosEPH, May 10, 1882.
EDITOR HERALD:-Not satisfied with numbering
my dear, sainted husband the wretches whose hands
are red with his precious blood determined to
kill me also, if newspaper reports do it. They
represent as being in wretehed state Of health.
Aside from broken heart for the saint in Heaven,
my health is most excellent. Ny stomach has been
out of keller but portion of pills set that all right
Ny bowels are in good whack, and my stools arc
natural hope TO live TO rear my poor orphan chill
dren in the way that their dear, murdered father
walked. You, who have been SO kind to the sorrow
ing, know you will give the of your columns
to defend myself from my enemies.
Yours, gratefully,
Mrs. JESSE W. JAMES.
COMMENTS BY THE HFRALD.-Is there no pro-
lection for this poor widow of a murdered citi-
zen against the ISLANDERS of the Ford gangi
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

n The Supreme Court has refused writ Of
habeas corpus in Sergeant Mason's case. Per-
hans they will deal more kindly by Guiteau.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

Y Within the past few days, they have had
violent snow storms in New York and Pennsyl-
Yania.
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

y Senatorial courtesy isdefned by the New
orleans Piodyne as "a sort of dry rot that robs the
Statesmen OF life and usefulness
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11
The Amalican Popular Dletisniry, si.0o

|Rsn, volume Is . com
|plsts Library and
- n eyel pasclA %
|veii - ths best Die
sspsIS saP.lSly = sosna sos s'rih; n
cloth and Tilf IT CON-
The Weekly Kansas chief. [volume] (Troy, Kan.) 1872-1918, 1882-05-11

coo Per week can be made in any locality. Some
oe0o thing sntir-ly for agents. e. outfit free
q. W. INGRAHA1i a. CO., Boston, Mass.