Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1882-06-21

the RgcoRp. IJyIoS. together with original con-
tributed notes of the results of mechanical expert
ment and discovery
To fasten emery to leather, boil glue
very thin, add little milk, raise the p,ls
OF the leather and put on the glue with the
brush. Then sprinkle on the emery and
let it cool.
English engineers are employing steel in
the construction of marine engines to a
much greater extent than in former years.
They use it for hollow crank shafts, pistonr,
crank pins and piston-rods.
Electric lighting is in successful opera
tion on more than sixty steamers OF the
Mississippi river and its tributaries. 1t IS
believed to add much to the safety OF that
kind of traffic and travelling.
Some tramways in European cities are
paying well. The Hague lines are now
built, and the receipts have Increased 60
per cent. The Neopolitan lines made q
net profit of 345, 900 francs; the Turin lines
made profit of 26l, 1872 francs.
The experience with steel and iron rails
on the Belgian railways has been most un-
favorable to the latter. After ten years
50 "a per cent of the rails have been with
drawn, owing to wear, while not single
steel rail has. The difference in price, on
the other hand, has been immaterial.
Waterproof muslin is better for coverings
to chicken coops in cold weather than
boards, as it admits heat from the sun. 10
render fabrics waterproof, dip them into
water which contains one. fifth of its bulk
of soap in solution. Let the cloth dry,
and then immerse in water containing 20
per cent. of sulphate of copper in solution.
The simplest and cleanest substance for
cleaning silver articles is, according to
Professor Davenport, hyposulphate Of soda.
1t acts quickly, and is inexpensive. A
rag or brush moistened with saturated
solution of the salt cleanses even strongly
oxidized silver surfaces in few seconds,
without the application Of any polishing
powder.
Latterly the makers of ine car structures
seem to be giving extra attention to the
matter of elegant finish, and some model
work is being turned out in this direction.
The heavier timbers and lumbers in cars
are largely of pine, oak, cypress, etc., while
in the finishing, mahogany, cherry, red.
wood, walnut, ash, and other woods are
the important factors, though the richer
of them, of course, have the preference
where the great elegance is desired.
There ia growing tendency among car.
builders to increase the capacity of freight
cars, and this movement is going on more
rapidly than a corresponding improvement
in the roaGbed. The greater power OF steel
to resist wear and crushing strains has nat
urally induced railroad managers to put on
cars which will carry more freight per unit
of dead weight but it now looks as though
even the heavier sections of steel rails will
not suffice, and that at no distant date our
mills will be called upon to roll very heavy
rails.
"What constitutes the strength of the
electro. Magnet" is answered through the
Scientific american, as follows The mag
netic strength of an electro magnet depends
upon the size of the iron core, the number
of turns of wire surrounding il, and the
strength Of current charging the wire of
this helix, In practice these helices are
seldom wound TO a diameter exceeding
three times the diameter of the core, as
what is thereby gained in magnetic moment
is more than lost in increased resistance OF
helix circuit.
In the Bericdte der Deatschen C7.emischen
Gesellsctatt, w. Spring has shown that
when mixture of bismuth filings, cadmium
and tin. in the proportions necessary for
the formation of Woods alloy, is subjected
to a pressure of $500 atmospheres, the
mass thus obtained powdered and again
subjected to the same pressure, metallic
block is formed which has all the physical
properties of the alloy. In like manner
Roses metal was made by subjecting the
proper mixture Of lead, bismuth and tin to
LIGHT pressure, and when zinc and copper
filings were repeatedly pressed, q mass re.
semblinp brass was finally obtained.
There is no one better qualified to give
reliable information in reference to the
practical operation of locomotive than
the engineer. the man who runs it. This
being true, the master mechanic would
derive great benefit from proper exami.
nation OF his engineers. II a master me.
chanic who has never tried the experiment
were to question his engineers, with q view
to finding out their views in regard to
wanting to know more about their engines,
he would be surprised at the eager disposi.
ton manifested by the majority to learn
and advance themselves in knowledge
RAILROAD Review.
R.;Iro.d car.wheels are now kant in
.be;r nIace witbont be;no keved ON In
former times tbev were almost mre TO
,,rsc;n;ta,e an accident besides kevs
worjd dron ont bv the constant
law and he weakened bv the arle
IL yhesi AYIes are tnrned IN az
tbe wheel annolv and are driven in
rIacs bu bvdranI;c pressure. Previous to
he;ng driven the axies are covered with
tb;n coat of white lead and oil. which
bardens in n short time and holds the
,nLea1 90 firmly in nl.ce that a nressnre ~
fron, ion 70 I04 toms Is reouired 10 remove
: M broken axle from the wheel in which L
rl,csd
~ ;-,.. I'D L;.L
Ineie 70 hsiIiy an III ~ sus .I - .'auo ~a'on
mas nos Deon .;nai n .la;nan,. 80 np..onaad ppy
clrcuisia VI naslars I'D onnsrna,. p'aou ~. ~.
yen'ions. la 'r;.h G nro.aont;",, hs ,,w;e U
.ney sen : go I'D the ~ Mt daa oo, nr;nt ~ -