The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-10-29

| conquered, and the COrcanS were reduced Tor
| time to maintaining a guerrilla warfare In the
mountainous district on the Chinese frontier.
But tho Ming Emperor OF China presently sent
a large force to the support of his vassal. which
defeated one OF the Japanese armies in u
great battle. and compolled the invaders to
abandon the four northern provinces. A COM
bined assault. however Of the Chinese and
Coreans upon Seoul having boon defeated. a
| treaty was concluded by which japan was to
retain possession OF the three southern prov
inccs of Chosen. while tho rest Of the country
was to pay tribute to tho Shotgun rs
In former times. The Japanese on their
part were to withdraw their armies
into the ceded territory m operation
which was completed in the spring of 1893. 1t
| Is n noteworthy circumstance that tho Japan
Csc commander ln-chief during this campaign
was Christian convert. and it was the activity
Of the Jcsuits in his army. and tho Shogun's
belief that their propaganda disguised q vast
political conspiracy. which caused not long
aftcrwnrd the prosecutions Of the Christians in
japan. Notwithstanding tho treaty about
| whose Interpretation there was some misun-
derstandng the hostilities between China
and japan continued. and. In 1897
| Hideyosh or rather his generals. invaded
| Corea second time with an army said to
consist OF 10000 mon; but the Japanese
| land forces were forced to turn back when
| almost within sight Of the capital by the de-
strncton of their fleet. whereby their COM
muncatons and supplies were cut off.
Retreating to point on the south
east coast the Japanese endeavored to
protect themselves during the winter behind
| Qualifications. Then occurred one OF the most
remarkable sieges In the military annals Of any
nation: but, although tho Japanese soldiers
were reduced to such frghtful extremity that
| they were obliged to eat the bodies Of their
dead enemies. they finally succeeded in repuls-
ing the armies Of the allies. The invaders
| had suffered too grievously, however. to con-
tnue the struggle. and the attempt to conquer
Corca was thenceforward virtually aban-
| doncd. Almost the only substantial gain
rcaped by Japan in return for its i'm
| mcnse expenditure OF blood and treas
urc was the remarkable improvement in
its pottery from the importation OF craftsmen
from the peninsula. When retiring from
| Chosen. in 1897. the Prince Of Satsuma sought to
compensate himself for the loss OF further mil
| itary glory by bringing over and settling in his
| territories n colony Of Corean pottcrs; II is to
his foundation Of this industry that we owe
that delight OF tho aesthetic world. old Sat-
| suma falencc."
The relations Of Japan to Chosen we're not
definitely fixed. nor was the menace OF war
|
| guns became extinct. in 1912. Eleven years
niterward the new Shotgun summoned the
| court at Seoul to pay tribute. and from that
| time to 1876 the Coreans have continued to fur
| nsh a like proof of submission. Moreover
| the Corcan seaport of Fusan remained In
| Japanese hands and was the constant source
of as keen irritation to the national pride as
| is Englands possession OF Gibraltar to Spain
Among the economical changes produced by
| the Japanese invasion in Corea should be par
ticularly mentioned the introduction Of the
cotton plant and the tobacco plant. 1t is pos
sib!e, indeed. that the first cotton seeds
may have been brought from China at II
vegetable Wool was not pursued upon a large
scale until the seyenteenth century 1t is now
grown IS, successfully in the peninsula in iati,
belt We should here note that while paper
had long been made by the Chinese from silk
the Coreans are believed 10 have been the first
among the nations Of Chinese Asia to make
paper from cotton wool. They arc now famed
for thi. manufacture. and their paper forms
part OF tho annual tribute carried 10 rcking
coat Innings. and 1t il said that II sGwed wad of
from ten 10, fifteen thicknesscs Will form u
brcastplate able to turn musNet ball. though
1t Is only since the, beginning of the seven
tcenth century that Corea well nigh ruined by
| the Japanese invasion, ANA ngain devastated
not long afterwurd. bv the first shock of the
Mantchoo horde which was 10 nvrrturn the Ming
dynasty in CHINA has adopted the policy of
non, Intercourse. and really deserved the title
Of the hermit nation. 1t, should. however. be
| observed that the attitude III the authorities
| toward Foreigners has been miscuustrued
Shipwrecke't mariners have always been kindly
made known 10 the civil functiounries, although
outrage- may have been suffered nj the hands
Of the coast population. such aS were habitu-
| ally inflicted by Cornish wreckers not many
| years lgo. Ii Ii only those who are believed to
come with marauding PURPOSES, ike the
Of thy General sherman. or the companions OF
| the Hamburg jew Oppert in his body -Snutch
ing expedition; that are summarlly and harsh
| ~ dealt with. OF course naval demonstrations
lihc tho French expedition OF 1866 and the
American expedition under Admiral Rogers in
of conquest. and encountered lrm rssis,alcc
roma brave and scii-rcspcctins people.
h ~ , WAS not the pressure OF European bowers.
last ten years. sappel the walls of Corenn $50
lation. In 1876 the japanese, in consideration
M foregoing their traditional claim to tribute
ubtaln"d many commercial privileges. and
transformed their garrison town Il fusan into
| obtained also another trade concession At Gen
san, m impor,nnt senpor' ON the northeastern
Inrhuin, on the west coast. only twenty-five
! miles from the capital was opened to the
TO have prcciriiated the conflict between the
the Liberals being headed by The young Kin;
wen Kun. father OF the KIM; and late Regent,
Ihr, progressive, party, however. was Itself
friend; Of China, The pro-Japanrse faction
carried their point So far as to secure the adop-
| ton OF Jnpan's military system. But for some
reason the AMERICAN Minister NJ pekinG be-
| came convinced that China would furnish Il
| better base Of diplomatic operations than
japan, and it was with the assistance of the
prot hincso faction that in July. 1852, Commu-
| ,iore Shuicdt succeeded in negotiating, treaty
| lay which Cor-a Wa thrown open IL American
trade. \ convention ri like tenor between tho
pcninsular kingdom and the Chin sc empire
| was Sigurd IN tn. same day. Four days
| atterward occurred the outbreak %! the r,uc-
| tonary party. which resulted IN the slaughter
| If the Queen. the heir apparent. and those
| Ministers who were known 10 favor Intercourse
! with foreigners The Japanese. too. who
| had probably more reason To discount
! i"nance than to further the peculiar
| ~ favorable concessions nude Ia China
! and The United States, w"I" obccts" Of sp"rin,
! hatred Ia the torean p"pulir". and only "s-
capped "A sweeping massacre 10y ilyiug irun the
/ capital. Within less than dirty DAYS the
! JAPANESE Ambassador reinicr'l Seoul u--
! cprt"d by "A mi itary force, AMI cNturtcd a com
/ pl"te indemnity from the Government of the
| toroau uSurprr. tOntrmpurancOusly with the
! arrival of the Jnpannsr Envoy the Chinese
| Ambassador. attended by some three or four
! thousand troops, reached the capital, and soon
| nfterward the chief rebel and assassin, the
| Tai IL tukuu hoard "A ('linrsp