The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1882-02-10
THE FARM.

rather than encouraged to grow W. ward. |
Cutting back the new growth, before it |
has yet hardened, is generally done in
June; this has the effect to keep the tree
in dwarf, compact form. If the object |
is merely to regulate the shape, by re-
moving or shortening certain branches, |
it may be done In autumn at any time
before severe weather comes. For cut
ting away the lower limbs of Norway
spruce, CT other evergreen, there is nc
one "proper time"
GYPsUM-PLAsTER OF PARIs.-When
gypsum, or crude plaster, is heated &c
272 degrees it loses the water it natur-
ally contains, and becomes plaster OF
Paris. Though the operation is often
called burning it takes place at
comparatively low temperature. When
mixed with water, it re-unites with that,
and becomes chemically the same rs il
was before, and when re-ground is
probably as valuable a fertilizer as the
"raw stone" We say probably" as
we are not sure that it is quite so solu-
bic as at first, though it is not likely
that there Is any perceptible difference
N this respect. The usual time for ap-
plying gypsum on clover is in the spring,
when vegetation is just starting.
REMEDY FOR SIDE Hole IN Cows
TEAT. Make the edges of the opening
''raw' with sharp knife, or cauterize
with pointed stick of nitrate of silver.
The hole may then be closed with strips
of adhesive plaster, or better yet by a
coating of 'collodion," which can be OBJ
tanned of any photographer, if the near
est druggist does not keep it, In milk
ing be careful not TO displace the
dressing-and it will perhaps be better
to draw the milk with tube for several
days. If the opening in the teat is not
quite small, it may be necessary to close
it by stitch just through the skin with
fine thread. In most cases the scratch
ing of the edges of the opening with a
knife and the application of collodion
will, however, be sufficient. -Anlerican
AgricatItur6St
PRESERVING EGGS. Several plans
have been tried with more or less sue
cess. To preserve eggs, the pores OF
the shell must be stopped up, for two
reasons to prevent the entrance of the
air, and consequent spelling of the con-
tents and to prevent the evaporation
of the moisture of the egg and a drying
up of the contents. Placing the eggs in
net or basket, and plunging them fol-
few seconds in boiling water, long
enough to cook or solidify thin film Of
white next to the shell, is successfully
practiced in some families, but it would
sgnSili t9haff{g TIE shell With lard, suet, o. .,
linseed oil, has been tried with more OF
less success. Many years ago a patent
was taken out for the use of shelIac var
nlsh for the same purpose. The care
required in the use of the varnish. as
each egg must be treated separately.
and as a slight uncovered space would
allow the egg to spoil, besides the dis.
coloration, prevented this from coming
into use
FEED FOR LAYING HENs.-Fat hens
rarely lay. If hens are fed SO much OF
SO often that they begin to fatten rapidly.
they will soon stop laying. No food is
better than Indian corn or ground corn
(Indian meaD, to fatten hens, and Of
course it should be fed sparingly to Law.
ing hens. If hens do not lay and are
fat, feed them but once a day-at even.
ing just before they go to roost-givinp
wheat screenings, buckwheat and oats,
in such proportions as you Judge best.
Throw the feed upon clean ground only
so fast as they pick it up. Stop just as
soon as you see any of the flock begin
to wander away. Let them forage all
day for weed seeds, grass, insects, etc.
They must have warm quarters, well
ventilated at night, and a sunny run by
day in winter After while begin to
feed them sparingly little meat scrap
chopped fine, broken bones, oyster shells.
etc, and they will probably soon begin
to lay.
WEIGHT AND HEATING Power OF DIFF
FERENT KINDS OF WooD. More fuel is
required during January than in any
other month in the year, and a fewitems
may be interesting as well as useful.
Another article ('*Keeping Warm ~ de.
scrlbes the production of heat. Carbon
(pure coal) is the chief source of all
heat used for domestic purposes and for
driving machinery by steam power.
This carbon is mainly derived from wood.
hard coal and peat. Coal is most used
for producing steam power, but taking
the whole world together, wood is much
the most extensively used fuel. For the
present purpose we may consider all
wood as essentially composed of carbon
or charcoal and water (mainly as sap)
ALI woods heated away from the air Weld
watery vapor chiefly, leavingnearly pure
charcoal, which when burned leaves
more or less mineral matter as ashes.
OF green wood one-third to one-half
or more of its weight is water, partly
depending upon the time of cutting.
In Schuller's experiments
Cut in January. Cut in April.
100 lbs. lbs. ater lbs. water.
Ash wood contained .... 80 SO
Sycamore contained LIB 40
White pine contained. =. so 81
A practical lesson for this month is
here indicated. All kinds of wood cut
in January contain from 15 to 25 per
cent. less water than after the sap is in
motion in April, and considerable earlier
in the Southern portion Of the country.
1t is well to now cut down the trees de-
signed for fuel, even if working them up
is delayed to the following months.
As wood seasons naturally in the air,
it loses one-sixth to one-third it's weight
of water, but still contains one-seventh
to one-fourth its weight Of moisture. A
considerable part of the latter may be
expelled by kiln-drying, and most of it
if the kiln heat be raised to 212o or
boiling-water temp nature. Some care
Fades tfs b0@ aed R ofG Eve o fopd Of T beecR
and maple just cut weighed as much as
eight cords of the same wood when
thoroughly air-seasoned. The above
teaches two important practical lessons.
1. To haul and handle green wood
requires very large waste of strength.
In handling five cords of green beech
wood for example, we have loaded,
hauled, and unloaded three or more tons
of useless water, which few months
seasoning would have removed.
2. And still more important When
wood is not thoroughly seasoned is used
for fuel, its wa+er - sap must be eT
PEELED before its carbon comes into play
to produce heat. This takes place grad
ually on the outside, or on one side, as
little of the carbon comes into action at
time. But, as stated in another article,
the escaping yapor conceals or carries oil