davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30
circulation of saps.

The following by Col. w. s. Clark,
recently president of Amherst agri-
cultural college, in Massachusetts,
will prove interesting to our readers I:
Iii consideration of the subject of
the circulation of saps in the entire
plant, two topics are involved, about
which there have been much con-
troversy and speculation, and too
little observation and true philoso-
ply. The first relates to the ascent
of what is styled the crude sap, which
enters at the root and rises against
the force of gravitation to the top
most leaf of even the tallest tree.
The other has reference to the re-
turn of the so-called elaborate sap
from the leaf to the root, 80 as to
complete trees circulation.
Many have said there is no such
thing as general circulation
of sap; but no one doubts the fact of
an upward flow from the roots, and
vast exhalation of water from the
foliage during the period when the
vital forces of the plant are active.
1t is universally admitted that the
cells containing chlorophyl are the
organs IN which the elements of the
carbohydrates are combined, and
from which, therefore, they must
pass by some channel to all other
parts of the plant, where either
growth occurs, or amyioid snbstan-
ces are stored for future uses.
(Whether the aibuminois are formed
also in the cells of the leaf, or are
the result of combinations occurring
in the cambium between the soluble
carbohydrates aud the ingredients
of the crude ascending sap, is not GER
tain, and has no necessary connec-
ton with the question.
Investigation seems to demon.
strate that the cambium layer is the
seat of life, and that whenever the
direct communication between the
root and the foliage is cut off in this
layer during one entire season of
growth, the whole plant perishes. 1t
has also been determined by expert
ment that if several rings of bark be
removed from growing shoot in
such manner that on one of the
isolated sections of bark there be no
leaf, while leaves remain on others
above and below this, then the leaf
less section will fail to make any
growth in any part. All other Sec
tions, if furnished with one or more
healthy leaves, will increase in thick
ness by the formation of new
leaves, of wood and bark. This
seems to prove that the material for
growth is elaborated by the leaves,
and is transmitted only through the
cambium and has no power of pene-
trating the tissues of the wood.
The peculiar vital and organic
power of the camblum is remarkably
illustrated in the structure and
growth of grated trees. Every
person is aware that pear trees are
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30
WHAT THE ENEMY HOPES FOR.

The Republicans are boasting that
Democratic excesses will change the
complexion of political affairs two
years hence. They do not realize
that this is great popular revolu-
tion, one of those things that do not
go backward. aud that what is now
begun must be finished in 1884. Dem
ocrats are fighting for great
principles that underlIe this govern
ment; they are labortng for that
which must protect, even save the
masses, and the labor is appreciated,
and all the aid required will be ex-
tended with will that may be con-
ceived of when we reflect upon the
results at the polls the other
day in Pennsylvania amp
New York. Democratic congress
men have been elected on pledges
made to the people that they will
labor for reforms demanded, and
they can commit no blunder in ad-
herring to this duty. AS stated by a
cotemporary, this stuff about Demo-
cratic blundering is confess
sion of weakness. 1t is even
a confession of the sins of commits
sion and omission of Republicanism
for which it was but yesterday ar
raigned and condemned. This party
has had control for two decades, and
instead of tightening public burdens
and correcting abuses, its aim has
ever been to increase the former and
wink at the latter. The time has
gone by for it to lay claim
to wisdom or patriotism. Its wis
dom has been the wisdom of rel
fishness-its patriotism the hol-
lowest cant. 1t has repeatedly in
vited defeat, but has saved itself by
ITS duplicity and false professions.
In its last trial no plea was taken. 1t
was simply sternly condemned. The
sole test exacted from the Demo-
cratic party is the honest effort to do
right. Whatever action may flow
from such will be welcomed by the
people who looked so long and
so vainly to Republicanism for
relief. There will be no blunder-
ing. The path is too plain to be
missed. 1t leads to what the people
have been in need of for years-hon.
est, simple, constitutional govern
ment. Under such government the
rich and the poor will receive JUS
tice no section will prosper to the
detriment of another, and all will
enjoy the blessings that our free in
stitutions are capable of securing.
The people are wide awake to the
exIgencies of the times. They know
who have moved in their behalf and
they are going to sustain and encour-
age the Democrats for their good in.
tentions. The people are with the
Democratic party aud they will
prove it two years from now.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.

The pOstmasters in the United
States number 1901.
Twin births in the human family
are about as one to fifty single
births.
The Japanese government has re-
solved to establish primary schools
throughout the kingdom and compel
the attendance of children.
DIR. Frankland finding that spongy
iron filtration is absolutely fatal to
bacteria and their germs, wishes that
the water supplied from the Thames
should be submitted to that treat
ment.
A New York policeman, upon
being asked what the members of
the force fear most in their contests
with the unruly, replied, "Stones
and rocks in the hands of half. grown
loaters."
The proprietors of the Courier
des Flats Uais say that their paper
has increased greatly in circulation
in Canada since it was placed under
ecclesiastical ban by the Archbishop
of Quebec.
Two Omaha women were rivals in
the affections of the same man. One
was handsOmer than the other, and
seemed likely to win on that ac-
count, when the conditions were
changed by dash of vitriol.
The wool clip of the United States
is worth nearly $100,0OO,0O0, the
sheep from which it is shorn are
worth over $20O,OO0OOO more, max
ing total value of $300,O00 200, and
yet we have to import large quanti-
ties of foreign wool for home manu-
facture.
An earthquake shock was expert
enced at Laramie City and west to
Evanston along the line of the Union
Pacific railroad, in Wyoming terri
tory, at $50 p. IN. on the 18th instant.
Plastering was shaken from the
walls and ceilings of houses at sever
al points along the road.
The Jackson. Mississippi, Clarion
says: A wealthy English syndicate
last year purchased 100000 acres of
land in the Yazoo delta, and they
are now examining 100000 acres of
pine land with a view to purchase.
The same: syndicate have bought
100000 acres of grazing land in
Texas.
After discovering to his sorrow
that the so-called benighted people
of the far east are not such idiots as
he fancied them to be, the Rev. Jo-
seph Cook is now on bis way back
to Boston a sadder but doubtless a
wiser man. lie came home via San
Francisco, and lectured in Lincoln,
Nebraska, on Thursday evening of
last week.
Elizabeth Bushyhead, wife of D.
w. Bushyhead, chief of the Chero-
kee nation, died on the 3rd instant,
and was buried at Fort Gibson in
the Indian Territory. She was well
educated and accomplished woman,
known as the queen of the Chero-
KEGS. Her influence in extending
education and the arts of civilization
among her people was very great.
She was fifty-five years of age.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30

The correspondent of the Cincinnati
Commercial who accompanies the CON
gressional river committee writes TO that
paper
Active practical steamboatmen-the
class Of men who are more vitality and d.
rectly interested in the matter under in.
vestigation than any other-are almost
universally opposed to the present system
Of improvements, claiming that there are
no results in any degree commensurate
with the expenditures; that there has been
no positive betterment Of navigation since
the Inauguration Of the system that in
stances are not infrequent where actual
harm has been done, and the total failure
in so many instances TO accomplish any
thing aside from the expenditure Of public
money should call for halt. II the men
who are most interested in the improve
ment of the lower Mississippi, and who
are only assessed for the work In the same
proportion as other men who have no in
vestments in steamboat property, regard
the enormous expenditures being made
for their benefit as useless waste Of
money, is It not time some action should
be had toward cessation OF such use
less waste OF the public funds River
men say, give them plenty Of lights prop
erly located, pull the snags, dredge such
bars as can be effectively treated In that
way, and let the rivers run down stream
10 their own way.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30

REPLY postcards have just been
introduced in England. The card is
separated at certain point, which
can be readily torn { II and is already
stamped. Thus the answer can be
Immediately sent without the ex-
pense of ha'penny. Here is re-
form that might be instituted with
benefit to the public in this country.
The postoffice is at this time piling
up a cash balance, which is not in
accordance with the purposes for
which it was established The gov
ernment has no right to make
money, especially off poor people,
for the transmission of mail matter.
Among other things it should reduce
charges on the dissemination of
information through the newspa-
pers.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30
The American rroltIng Horse.

One of the material evidences of
our advancing civilization is found
in the greater Improvement and
more extensive use OF the light har-
ness horse. Blood and form aud
size and action have been the objec-
tive points of breeding him, till now
he begins to assume type of stand
ard excellence. Especially does this
superiority obtain in the American
trotting horse. He possesses some
what of the muscular power of the
English thoroughbred, equally well
placed for his peculiar movement; /;
the superb crest and forehanded
contour of the Barb; the courage
and stout-hearted capacity of the
hunter; the docility of the Nedjid
Arabian; the tractable patience Of
the hardy Canadian, and the endur-
ing wear and tear of the ponderous
Percheron. To-day the American
trottlng horse among the various
breeds of horses, stands out as the
best horse for all practical purposes
combined on the face of the globe.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30

FOLLOWING the late Republican
success in Maine, Mr.. Blaine stepped
to the front and became candidate
for presidential nomination in 1884.
His plume fluttered gaily above all
others, but Ohio was heard from,
and then his bugles ceased to play.
Then followed the Cyclone extend
ing from the Pacific ocean to the
waters that play around Plymouth
Rock, and the Plumed Knight, bereit
OF all the dazzling appendages of the
once ambitious chieftain, absolutely
retires nom the field. Probably the
surest sign that this defeat is deci-
sive is the retirement OF Blaine, who
now announces that he is not a can
didate for president. Anticipating
a certain overthrow IN 1884. he il
overtaken with fright, and leaves his
plume trailing in dishonor. In fear
of what is coming, he turns over The
command Of the Republican army to
Ben Harrison, and deserts inslori-
ously. As observed. the eagle is not
an eagle after all; he is common
barnysrd bird, not even game.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30
EMANCIPATING THE MASSES.

In short speech to his friends in
Buffalo, Mr.. Cleveland, Governor
elect of New York, said:
"The other party made Its nomi-
nation The people saw the dictates
of Federal interference, and resolved
not to submit to- 1t. They saw placed
before them a man whom they could
not indorse at the polls. They re-
fused their Endorsement, and decided
not to do reverence at the altar
where their rights would be sacri-
feed [applsuse], and so we stand
face to face with the majestic show
of popular condemnation, aud with
a majestic manifestation of popular
will. The candidates of a great
party have been elected to office, as
they have often been before, and the
Democratic party has achieved a
supremacy in the state as it often
has before. The people have elected
officers to execute their will, and L
regard the election as imposing
solemn trusts. Mere partisan con-
siderations sink into insignificaDce.
Every Democrat should be a patriot
at this hour. [Applause.] When
this campaign began in this very
place, bade you in the phrase more
forcible than elegant to "throw off
your coats" for an active fight. | bid
you now, in the full flush of victory,
to put on your coats again. Tell the
people that their trust is well
placed and their choice is
wise. [Cheers.] The time is near
at hand when l must leave you to
assume greater responsibility. You
know how you will dwell in my
memory. / am anxious TO do as you
want me to, and 1 will try and not
disappoint you. 1 do not believe
my course will be without mistakes,
but hope they will be honest mis-
takes. hope when return to this
city that l will meet the same
warm hearts. / would urge you to
take good care of your great and
prosperous city. Look to it that you
secure good government"
The expressions of Mr.. Cleveland
are a reflex of sentiment that per-
Yates the Democracy of all the
states. 1t has come to the front to
retrieve this country from the cor
ruption in government; to restore
once more, popular governments,
named at free ballot boxes to again
re-establish the good name of fed
eral and state governments, to make
them agencies of the people instead
of the corrupt bosses and of the
barons. Democracy has made
this fight on reform in the
civil service, demanding retrench-
ment and lower taxes, and already
the Republicans, frightened out of
their wits and fearing to lose all, are
putting out promises that they will
do what the Democrats in
augurate. Let the reforms
come as they may, they have
been instituted by Democrats,
and, having seen the handwriting on
the wall, these Republicans are
tucking their tails and are seeking
to find safe places. They win find
them, as they have in this last cleo
tion-away from the public places,
that public trusts may be admins
tered with honesty and in the best
faith to the people. The popular
fiat has gone out that their days of
robbery are ended; a little longer
lease of power, and in 1884 they
will be emancipated.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30

CHICAGO insurance circl are
considerable agitated concerning the
action of the states attorney, who
has begun suit against nearly all the
leading companies in that city for an
alleged violation of the law, just de-
clared valid by the superior court,
requiring all insurance companies
whose headquarters are outside of
the state to file with the state auditor
a schedule of assets and liabilities
before doing business in Illinois, and
to renew b statement yearly, to-
gether with the showing of pre-
miums received and losses paid
Cumulative penalties are inflicted
for violation, and the penalties in the
suits already begun amount to over
$500,000, with more to come. Texas
adopted such precautionary regula-
tions years ago, and the people of
the state have been saved large sums
of money thereby. Wildcat COM
panies have been ruled out of the
state and those doing business here
now may be relied upon to meet
liabilities.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30

The commerce and industries of
Mexico are increasing very mate
rally. In the year 1879, and for
some years previous, the revenues
of the Mexican government were
about $19,000,000. In 1880 they rose
to $22,000,0 900; in 1881 to S23,000,000,
and in 1882 to $27,OOOOOO. There is
no known cause to attribute this iD-
crease to except to the build
ing of railroads. Large amounts
of foreign capital have been
invested IN railroads, but a
greater increase of property arises
from the value given to land pre-
viously so remote from market that
only nominal price was attached to
it. The government of Mexico, like
our own, collects its taxes indirectly,
but the greater ability of the people
to purchase the comforts and luXu-
ries of life adds at once to the gov
ernment revenues. An increase of
nearly forty per cent in revenue in
the short space of three
years indicates vitality in
the people of that country
their recent history had not led us
to expect. The turbulent period of
our sister republic is now apparent
ly over. The Increase of wealth will
serve as bond for security. The
preponderating influences are now
on the side of order and good gov
ernment. Under these improved
conditions the country may be ex-
pected to rise rapidly in the scale of
nations.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30
All Texas Is Angered.
1Dallas Times1

Still, we cannot reasonably com.
plain of the efforts of the NeDS tC
bolster up its town-to whistle up
its courage by "hoohing" at the
Times. We only object to itf
method and style in doing it-not
for doing it. Its town has always
been leech with Oliver Twist varia
tions. For years it took toll from
every bag OF flour and corn, an6
from every cask of bacon that wenl
into western Texas. 1t became SO
arrogant in its robbery that it grew
to believe that the right to rob
belonged to the Island. 1t had il
mouth for years the expires.
sion which Vanderbilt lately used
"Damn the public" Ii showed in
the late election that it was selfish
that the wishes of the state cut nc
figure, and it elected man to con-
gress who probably is an ornament
to Galveston society, but who is a
disgrace to the balance of the state
The mention of this fact has brought
forth the NeaoS with its sneers
at the smailness and poverty
of the Times, with its worn
out twaddle about red-headed
Democracy, with its lofty three
syllable crusher, "high-pressure
journalism" etc. 1t has done its
duty towards its people, we suppose
1t has no excuse to offer for the con.
duct of that people. 1t Is speech
less in defence, and childishly as
saults with sneers those who tell the
sickening story of Galveston's esca-
pade. 1t won't do. North Texas is
angered, all Texas is angered-jus-
tifiably angered, and Galveston may
in wisdom live in nervousness, Tor
a reprimand is stored away for her
by the people.
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30
The Horses HOOf.-HOw TO Pre-
serve 1t.

l
The horses hoof necessarily sees
the hardest service of any portion of
his structure and Is the only part
that can be mutilated by cutting
and burning, as is the common prac-
tice, by men calling themselves
shoers, by nails made too large and
driven too deep. Every horse owner
of experience will, when he has oc-
casion for the first time to have q
colt shod, select smith who will do
as the owner directs, and not follow
the practice generally in vogue in
times past, and still too commonly
practiced. 1t is probable that out
side of the farm more horses
are defective in the feet than in
any other part. This comes from
the combined influences Of hard
usage and mutilatioD in shoeing.
Largely from the latter, because a
hoof properly trimmed and shod
will stand an extraordinary amount
of contact, however rough, with
every sort of pavement in use.
1t is within the power of the farm
er to breed horses with properly
formed hoofs, and equally in his
power to preserve these in proper
form, by seeing that they are kept in
the shape that nature gave them. If
we breed from the fiat-footed sire or
dam, then, of course, the penalty is
incurred of having pretty good
soft ground hoof but in no
wise such a one as will stand
use upon hard roads and paved
streets. The young horse on whom
is bred a properly shaped foot
goes to the smith for the first time,
carrying a wide heel, smooth outer
surface. and sharp ring at the outer
circle below. The man who is well
informed as to the foot, goes to the
average smith the first time with a
feeling OF dread.
A properly formed hoof, on the
well-bred colt, is straight from the
top downwards, and has exactly the
circular form that should be main-
tanned; the shoe in every case being
fitted to the foot, and not as is the
practice with the average smith.
who cuts and rasps the hoof 10 fit
the shoe. With the botch, it is muc b
easier to do the latter than the former
| for when the shoe is once made fast
it is but the work of a moment to
cut away and rasp down the project
ing rim of horny structure.
The forward portion of the hoof
in firm, and somewhat thick, as COM
pared to the lamins at the heel, and
cuts much harder. Hence it is
easier for the smith to to pare down
the heel at the bottom of the foot
than to cut away the toe in like man
ner.
The directions should be, to cut
from the bottom of the hoof, till it is
of the right depth from top down
wards.
At this stage of the cutting, the
hoof will assume the circular form,
and to this form the shoe should be
accurately fitted-so accurately that
The weekly democratic statesman. [volume] (Austin, Tex.) 1871-1883, 1882-11-30

The attorney general of New
York has been requested to institute
a suit, in the name of the people of
that state, against the Mutual Union
telegraph company, to vacate the
charter and dissolve the corporation
on the ground that the company had
issued $l0,000,0O0 of stock when
81, 200, 900 was authorized by law
Jay Gould joins in the application.
which appears to be simply an at
tempt of the Western Union to crush
the growing rival.