The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-11-12

III typOEfaINcfS or proof readers. Thp cOlicc
tionists .spt ut tho Congress- Of Roanno last
month into two parties. the "parti ouyrirr,
The ,orieingl colIcctiyis9. and tho PART
which. protests agnlnst tho MGrlist iGndcn-
cics Of Gurr1c. The collective are peace
ful socialists and they hope to bring about their
social REVOLUTION aga Ms, cartai by means. Of
universal suffrage aud wcrktngmen's candidn.
lures IN municipal and parliamentary elections.
BlanIui's journal. II Dicp nj MaiJ'c Bannui
had organized his followers into Central Row
nry Committucs, and intrrtunuhic subdivisions
incuch arruudissrment Of Paris. When Blanuui
aiEn Ip u T9G's W V na ny oyy
Gourmet. with over them Gen. Endcs. tho IA
y0f.to prpii Il Bnn9Mi nnd dePoshl,arE Of lani
party was settled on n refined system OF mu-
tual ospionagc Of old BlanIui himself; the sys-
list groups the jilanpuists most resemble CON
spirators Old Bnngui was an agtator. The
banpuis's Of to-day who have quite power
fl, and hume rous organization ut Paris-some
i've or six thousand conspirators trained to re-
cciyc ard rapidly execute .ordcrs-havn no spc-
and then by means of the great revolutionary
measures to lead society on to Communism.
lutionnries. whose mcthcd was to provoke and
Keep up Il feyerish excitement to seize some
nrctext or mnniics,at TO strike y revolution
tionary blow ana then, II the blow happened To
succeed, to como forth with ready made GOV
ernment and take possession of.powcr. Tho
BaDquists. although communists and social
lists admit II dictatorship. If By some impossi-
bic chance the Blnnauis;s got into power, we
should see Gen. Endes dictator.
We now come to the group of anarchists"
o. whose door the dynnmi lite and omb,hel!s OF
Lyons and Montpelier have been laid. Tho
sia;e reforms are impossible: The different
wheels of the social machine form whole not
rcfornablo N Its details. Since reforms arc
ana, chsts. therefore. do not demand fresh
laws; unlike the collectivis,s. they rcpudiate
universal suffrage as thcgrcatcst mystiflcat ion
Of tho ninetecnth century, and tho beginning
of discord in the work ngmen's purity. An
anarchist will therefore MEYER accept all elective
and AN adviser of abstcntion. This negative
method tho anarchists viii employ until 10y
have abolished, in the political order OF
things, tho State governmental authority
order Of things. property and its consequences
Capitalist authority, md the salar,ate, Tn,
free producers. and individual properly by q
communism which viii pei init each individual
working according 70 his faculties TO consume
irccly according II his wants; In the ideal an
nrchst society, unlike the Bianuuist. and even
no hierarchy but conn le,c nut 'nomy OF the in
dividual. The autonomous members OF the
new society VIII not he even citizens, since citl-
zen implies city and an organ 2ation. They
Will not accept the AUTHORITY either OF !. man OF
Of a group. Both the Blunqlisls and the col
lcctivists accept universal suffrage. and the
coIIcctnis,s are determined not TO resort to
force until all the means of conciliation have
been exhausted The anarchists refuse uni
yersal suffrage. and consider Cancellation USE
less.
In connection with this examination Of the
tendencies and ideas OF the modern socialist
groups of France it H. interesting to retruce
briefly the stages through which socialism has
passed since the revolution of ls4S revolu-
ton which was essentially European. In re-
ply to the vague declarations OF the provis-
ional Government tho prolctnrinns of lsIs
a ih' r Sy 81 rSSy haTrr
nor chiefs, nor flag for the pro!etqratc had
mot yS, adopted tine red flag as the GSra
themselves the advanced guard of I'll that suf
fer. and felt that tAeir sacrifice would be one
Of the steps of humGni'yIthrough blood,
toward Justice. In the admirable letter OF
George Sand written during this epoch we
see the disastrous defeat of tho prolctariate Of
Paris followed Ivy the Napolconic reaction in
Francs and monarchicAi repression in Europe
But the generation oi lsiS were not powerless:
their revolutionism was weakened only by
strange mysticism which made thom regard
France as the Christ nation, and Jesus rs
thai time the iuvoritc adornmcnt Of the meet
ing, p place, OF the wolkinemen associations
INK reprcspntng Ghrist as " carpenter. - With
tho legend: Jesus of Nazareth, irst rep
s, Of lae ESa Of The S.o 5G GI,.
tianity. Nevertheless. out of the phonollcna
of 1913 the one to be retained is the working
men's associations. the foundation Of factor
destined To abolish industrial icudality to
nullify the rights Of capitalist idi"noss. t. af-
franchise the prolelariHtc. | ana here of course.
using the terininulngy oi the epoch The con
sequence Of III" establishment Of the second
empire was the Dispersion Of 80 900 Representa-.
tiyes of socialism over Europe and America.
Meanwhile tueuste Comte completes his sys-
ten of political PM ,..sorhy. Prondhon writes
tion. Of collcctiyism t., The soil, Hugo writes
his Chatcmcnts' and Leg Mis"rablcs." So
Ihnriist movement in England; the spanard
Ramon de la Sagra and tho Belgian Potter
formulate III" colrctivist doctrine; Karl Marx
hstitu,es in socialism the historical md OBJ
J"Ciive method FOR thc purely logical and sub
IeciiNe motnols that had hitherto been in
vIdunl appropriation. Marx develops the coin
it IS accepted by ono of the modern French
groups already examined. Lassalc. on the
other hand, develops the idea of the, volks-
staut. prOlctarian government, which forms
the basis. more or less directly OF all German
socialism. Tho Russian nation had already
HcrHen and l1akounine-thc later oil whom was
one Of The founders OF tho, lnteinaiiHn4ic
ternntionn'e Itself. and. IN spite Of divisions
aud d,Nagrrcmcnts. u period of active urupa-
Gnndism began al over Eulpnc 10y mrnps both
ofthe press and tynl@ur2inGqra RS like ui-sa
gary. F'pmr"nS, MiiIrre. and leirarcals Tor
France, The luternGtionao set tue example Of
the holding 81 congresses and OF the ,irlwins;
nv o! programmes, which. harI"r "a, they may
may often seem. aye " great Importance wtre
IL only rs an rlirmn,ion OF u.c existence and
claims of the prOle iriate
Bakounine connects IN the r.Gin train Of his
IDEAS with the lrencN anarchists. u, wished
olutuDary tempest and IA general opcuir d. of
tn" sIuice gates Of hatred and vengeance, in or
d"i t. prepare the new order OF things by de-
strOTing, in spirit and in ma ter - crytAlng
that had formed Il con5titutFC part of the old
civilization. Bakouninn says: " \ colossal de
stiuction must pas, over the wor.G in order 10
break the administrative, iuridc. political and
religious cohesion: all the social elements
must be mixed. cpnfounded Dispersed; tie
aNIs of human thought and activity must be
displaced. in order that the Initiative of tho
popular masses may Dnd only diSn.grc.ated
materials when the time comes to make things
over again"
There is an obvious similarity between this
programme and thnt OF the French anarchists
which have given above in the words Of Emile
Gautinr. and AZ recently set forth by him in the
Rrr0Hd an anarchist organ, published mt Gr-
neya under the cditorship Of tho iusIriNus
geographcr NJ. Eisie Rrcus thu initiator of
anarchsm. This Emile Gautier, the chief Of
the anarchist pnrty in France IL young man
of eight and twenty, the son OF wealthy land
owner Of lll"-et- Silaine. He came 10 Paris in
1874 10 study law, distinguished himself in tho
schools. and in 1876 began To devote him self
entirely 10 politics, writing in the papers,
speaking nj public meetings getting fined
and imprisoned and otherwise bring
ing himself into notice. In my pre-
yiQus letter on French socialism. written in
July, 1850, mentioned Emile Cantor as ono
Of the shining lights of q social study club in
the Pantheon district. and rs the author Of an
excellent little book called Social Darwin
ISM 1t is out of tho weekly debates of this