The true northerner. [volume] (Paw Paw, Mich.) 1855-1920, 1882-04-07
TEXT OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE.



"With the governments which have
declared their independence and main
tanned it, and whose Independence we
have, after great consideration and on
just principles, recognized, we could
not view any interposition for the pur-
pose of expressing them or controlling
In any manner their destiny by any Eu-
ropean power, in any other light than as
the manifestation of an unfriendly dis
position towards the United States"
1t has been asserted that Huskisson,
Franklin's friend, wrote this declaration
and transmitted it, with the consent OF
Canning, his chief in the Cabinet, to j.
q. Adams, who was Monroe's Secretary
of State.
The precise language, combining the
doctrine to the States recognized by the
United States, and excepting from it all
not free-including Canada, Cuba, in
deed the whole West Indies, Brazil,
Buenos Ayres favor this view We do
not know whether it has ever been de-
MED.
j. Q. Adams did subsequently, in q
special message to Congress, say:
"Most of the new American Republics
have declared their entire assent to them
(the Monroe declsrations), and they now
propose, among the subjects of consid-
Grafton at Panama, to take into consid-
Grafton the means of making effectual
the assertion of that principle, as well as
the means of resisting interference. from
abroad with the domestic concerns of
the American Governments.
The Italics are in the message, and he
added subsequently,:
"The purpose of tlis Government is
to incur in none which would import
hostility to Europe, or Justly excite re-
sentiment in any of her States.
"Our views extend no further than a
mutual pledge of the parties to the
compact to maintain the principle in APP
plication to its own territory, and TO per-
NIT no colonial Judgments or establish
ments of European jurisdiction upon its
own soil.
This may be called adams addition
to the Monroe doctrine, clay being his
Secretary of State.
Adams addition, rather than Monroes
verbiage, has remained in the popular
mind as the Monroe doctrine and even
Congress, in including that of the Con-
federation at Richmond, 1S62-4, has al
ways so treated it.
The Panama Congress- called by Boil
war, never adopted either Monroe's or
Adams text. 1t indeed adjourned with
out fairly considering the doctrines.
The members were, in fact, disappointed
that the United States had receded from
Monroe's declaration, and now proposed
"that each State should, for itself, on
its own soil, resist European interfer-
ence."
They wanted all American Conredera
ton organized for the purpose of driving
out European jurisdiction.
The project turned out to be impracti-
cal, and was dropped even by South
Americana
Charlotte COrday and the French RevO.
luton.
There are some features In the case of
Charlotte Corday which may be of inter
est at this time. The assassin of Marat,
the French revolutiHnist, was born in
176S at st. Saturnin, in Normandy, and
was descended from noble family. She
was educated at convent, and then
went to live with an aunt at Caen. 1t is
stated that she read much, the works of
Voltaire and the Able Raynal being her
favorites, as we'll as Plutarch, from whose
writings she doubtless caught the idea
of classic heroism and civic virtue that
took her to Paris and the side of Marat
When the Girondists were driven from
the capital In 1898, many of them fled to
Normandy, and Caen was nan-'d as the
headquarters Of an army of volunteers
who were to march on Paris. She was
greatly interested in current events, and
had studied affairs through the medium
of the papers issued by the Girondists,
SO when they arrived at Caen she at
tended their meetings, conversed with
some ef their leaders, and was confirmed
i'll her belief that Mlarat was tyrant and
the chief agent of the overthrow OF
Girondists. Charlotte then conceived
the idea of going to Paris, and assassin
ating the revolutionist, but, on reaching
the capital, appears to have been unde-
cided for a time as to whether her sub
ject should be Marat or Robespierre, but
she finally fixed upon the former. She
wrote TO him asking an interview, and
saying that he was from Caen, and could
put him into a condition to render great
service in France; but when she called
to obtain the audience, she was refused
admittance; then she called second
time, with the same result, and it wa:
only when she went the third time, OF
July Is, that Marat, hearing her voice IL
the ante-chamber, consented to see her
He lay in bathing tub, wrapped il
towels, for he was suffering from a loath
some disease. Charlotte spoke to hin
of what was passing at Caen, and hi'
only comment was that all the men sh,
had mentioned should be guillotined IL
a few days. While she was speaking sh'
drew from her bosom dinner knife, an(
plunged it into his left side. He uttered
loud cry and sank back dead. The as
sassin was at once arrested. WheI
brought before the Revolutionary Tri
bunal she gloried in her act, and whei
the indictment against her was read, ant
she was asked what she had to say, he
answer was: Nothing, except 1 have
succeeded" Her advocate put forward
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