The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1882-08-12

Cinnamon, only eight turned up at the inspee-
ton, and of these, two were in the hospital, all
the rest having run away. Their language. too. is
not picked up. as Hindostani is, by the Managers
and Overseers, which is also a drawback. be-
heve that in Demarara many planters favor Chi
nese, but L feel assured they would not if they
had commenced with such a lot as we got in
Trinidad OF course a large number Of the la
borers throughout the British West Indies are
Negroes, but Indian Coolies,-though often weak
on arrival, become strong and healthy after a
short resldence-really form the backbone OF the
laboTlng population, being employed / at all the
different kinds of work on the plantations.
Having thus given you some details setting
forth the experience of the West India Planter,
as regards the different races of people supply
ing the manual labor of the Colonies, 1 think
my observations, under this head, would be in
i complete did l not say something Of the sources
OF supply which seem open to you. 1t appears
TO me then that British India, with its teeming
multtudes of people who under the best of all
tests, practical experience, have shewn them
selves able to supply the most satisfactory kind
of imported labor, is the field to which the sugar
| planter would naturally direct his attention. in
organizing any scheme of immigration. But,
before the Hawaiian planters entertain the idea
of entering such q market. they must bring
| themselves to understand that the conditions Of
| any concession granted by the British Govern
ment would in all probability b. of an extremely
onerous character; indeed it is not reasonable to
suppose, considering the stringent obligations
under which even the Colonial subjects of the
| ~ u lLc tu1l. II the sanctioned
emigration to Hawaii at all, il would un-
doubtedly be on condition of their retain ng Off
cial supervision.
Such "A scheme of immigration, however. as
that l have indicated means international adj
ministrative negotiations from which, perhaps,
| Mr.. Green's Government would shrink; a d so,
l fear, the subject of Indian Coolie immigration
into Hawaii may be dismissed; yet, in further
support of its being the most feasible scheme of
its class, L "ish yen to perceive that the aoandon-
ment OF its discussion here follows on far other
grounds than these stated, as Objectionable, in
the Report, on this very subject, issued by His
EXcelIeDcy Mr.. Armstrong on his return to Hon
olulu towards the end of last year. In that Re
port ! think Mr.. Armstrong dwelt with emphasis
upon the low moral condition of the Hindoo:
of his proueness to worship monkeys aud other
simian divinities, and of his total unacqua!nt-
ance of the Hawaiian political system. as para
mount objections to your having East Indians as
a basis of population. This conclusion is very
obvious, in viewing the subject from such n
standpoint, but as it seems apparen that The
real basis of population OF the Islands is to be
gathered in from the New World and the Ola.
the matter of idolatrous practices on the part of
the few thousand laborcrS required for your
plantation work really does not seem to affect
the question which concerns your association.
1t is safe to say, therefore, from the experience
of the West India Planter, that, If you decide
| upon some scheme OF Immigration Tor iHfentuTcd
laborers, you cannot look To IA better field than
the East Indies from whence to draw your
supplies. But 1 think there is another and a
better course open to You, and that is the en-
couragenient OF an Immlgra ION from Europe by
offering proper inducements for the employment
and settlement of its more enegetic and self
reliant races. 1t would not, l presume, be a
difficult matter to induce large numbers of the
hundreds of German, Norwegian. an Swedish
emigrants, who every week leave Glasgow for
the United States, to extend their journey to the
Hawaiian Islands, by the prospect of lucrative
labor for themselves, and pleasant residences for
their wives and families, and SO l believe that by
a proper organization; with a fund to provide
passages or even assisted passages, your require
ments would not only be economically met, but
that, III this way, also a basis of population,
worthy of the name, would be established. This
l perceive on turning up Mr.. Armstrong; Re-
port, is just the phase of European immigration
which he discouraGes; but, | am nevertheless
disposed to believe it is the one best fitted to
provide the sugar planters with efficient laborels
and His Majesty the King with intelligent sub
jects. The Azores scheme, therefore, which in
my humble opinion can only provide you with a
people far inferior i'll every respect must sur ~
have secured Mr.. Armstrong; favor for those
" other and more imported reasons communi-
Gated directly to the Minister of Foreign Affairs
Mr.. Green. L daresay l need not add that ne
gotiations with an industrious frugal class of
emigrants like those l have named, who in many
instances are equal to providing their own
passages and equipments, would be likely to be
conducted with the least possible outlay of
ready money.
2. CULTIvATIoN.-Th must largely depend
upon local conditions, and, in the case of West
India estates, it has been seen that what does on
one is entirely unsuited to amber not far dis
tant. In using manures so,ne s,iis give a better
return than others from .ualIJ suIphate of
ammonia acts well on most. and although
it is regarded as eXhaustiu3 in it's effects, it is
much liked in bringing on the canes. The
proper way to do is to have the soil analysed to
ascertain What Is wanting IN it FOR the growth
and Development OF cane, AMI 10 supply that
i'll the manure Ploughing by steam has proved
Il great advantage the best time for using the
steam plough is when the weather IS dry 60
that the engines can move about easily and,
besides, the soil at such times can get well aired.
Plou9hing by cattle can only be done during
the wet 81 ason, when the soil is soft. Land
which has been steam plOughed Is worked easier,
and the laborers prefer to get on it, although
the tasks are larger. The steam plough has
this disadvantage, that on some West India
estates there are open drains every twenty-four
feet, into which the plough, no matter how
carefully managed, sometimes incOnvenit ntiy
slips. Whenever the crop is over, and the wet
season begins. the plants are put in, and this is
continued as long as the weather permits, if
there be land living idle.
3. MACHINERY.-From the fact of your having
come somewhat late upon the stage in the matter
of sugar planting. 1t Is everywhere apparent that
you are perhaps entitled to the foremost rank
relative to this department of your business.
The estates that show mills with five rollers, and
the country which contains such estates, are
certainly in possession of the most approved
appliances for manufacturing sugar. and it
therefore seems unnecessary to 90 further on
this subject, especially as in all the other details
in relation to engines, pans, evapOrating appara-
tuS, etc, you seem to be equally far advanced.
The mills in use in the West Indies are gene
rally three-roller, weighing from six to fifteen
tons each, according to the size of the plant of
machinery. The engines are beam and horizon
tai in most cases, with feed pumps attached.
The copper walls consist of from > to 7 teaches,
containing from 100 to 800 gallons juice. Some
estates have got the triple effect instead of a
second copper wall. This appliance has been
found 70 ha a nr1a pyIpr in, fnLl o"1 l.1,l~
Where there is a triple effect, and more than
one pan, it is thought to be more economical
to have one large vacuum pump for doing the
working of the lot. As to centrifugals, WestOn's
is considered more economical and expeditions
than any other. Compound boilers are the
quickest generators of steam, and are made that
they can be fired with either coal or megass.
Furnaces or ovens built IN front of the boilers
1 lnn. A-aI- 4rI-l L. nArEn =