davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
Reminded Of the Choir.

Boston journal.
There was little disturbance over At the
North End the other afternoon, in which two
men fell afoul Of each other, and pounded and
clawed and bit each other in great shape, and
took turns in rolling each other in the mud
During the row little old man was seen in
the crowd rubbing his hands gleefully, slap
ping his knees and encouraging both the COM
batants with equal praise and eIhortations to
ago in and vim" He seemed to be having q
splendid time, and looked quite sad and de-
iected when the fight suddenly stopped upon
a rumor getting currency that policeman
was coming. Some Of the members of the
crowd wonG cred at the little old mans enjoy
ment, and after the fight was over one Of them
said to him:
"You seem to be having good time Was
the man who licked tho other your SOM"
sNo," said the old man, mo relation at all"
@Was the man who got whipped an enemy Of
sNo; never saw him before in my life"
what was there in the fight to make Won
feel 20 good theri?' inquired the questioner
WELL" said the little old man, @when | was
Younger than am now used to be director
of church choir, and / liked the business, and
ANYTHING that takes me back to that good Old
time makes me happy. Now, itA been years
since I'd had anything bring up my former
church choir days co forcibly and beautiful as
that fight did" And smiling anew in good
humor, the singular little old man went his
way.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
Actors Who Save Money.

new lOTk MOVIE
Very many actresses run bank accounts in
New York while they are away They for
ward money from time to time to friend,
who banks it for them Miss Jeffreys-Lewis,
Csrlotta Evelyn and other well known foot
light favOrites, are extensive patrons OF our
savings banks. Some Of them have deposits in
several banks up to the limit, which they
never touch, leaving it to draw interest until
that period in the future when they will hide
their waning attractions in the obscurity Of
private life, unless, as 10 sometimes the case,
the temptation OF starring tour proves too
much for them and they break into their saw
ings to crafty their vanity or self confidence.
There is story told of an actor who put the
savings Of his season into postage stamps and
found himself at the commencement OF the
summer with over $500 in gummy, stuck
together paper, which he was compelled to
dispose Of at considerable loss. An actress not
unknown to fame regularly sews portion OF
her salary into her corset until she returns to
New York A couple Of seasons ago she nearly
lost her life at hotel fire in returning to her
room to rescue this valuable article OF attire
after she had been removed from the burning
building by the tiremen. Another actress has
for years made a money belt her savings bank,
and il now suffering from cancer created by
the pressure OF the buckle on her body. At last
accounts she was likely to pay for her pecu-
liarly INDUCED frugality with her life. Prob
ably the most curious savings banks IN the
amusement profession are those Of some Of
the elephant keepers in our circuses. 1t IL nm
old and favorite device with them TO hollow
out the tIsks of their brute charges adjust a
screwtop to them and keep their money in the
rcceptaclcs thus curiously formed. or course,
this il only possible where an elephants tusks
Sab and others of the wicked old fighting
elephants familiar 10 the American public, all
did service as savings banks to their guardians
and the reader will probably concede that it
would take bold burglar, indeed To attempt
to break into such treasure chest
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
LITTLE CHARLES.
An Inverted sunday School story

An Inverted sunday School story.
Chicago Tribune.
One day when little Charles, the good boy of
whom l have told you, was on his way to
School, he passed by q large Orchard in which
there were great many kinds Of Fruit, and
AZ the sunshine came streaming through the
branches Of the Trees and fell upon the rosy
checked Apples, the sweet, mellow Peaches,
and the red Cherries Charles thought they
looked very Beautiful indeed, and Would Go
Down Nicely with tho Lunch which his kind
Mother had wrapped up in white napkin for
him, and placed in the little Basket he carIed
in his hand
Some Of the Fruit hung very near the Fence,
and as Charles looked at It Wistfully he said
to himself: slow easily could climb over
there and Pluck several Of the Apples and
Pears without being Discovered, for there is
no one in the Orchard now. But that would
be Wrong and if I did it should always be
Sorry, and suffer dreadfully from the Pangs Of
Conscience
So he stood there little longer The little
Birds in the trees were singing their Merriest
Lays, TIC sou anu paiiiiy LePh!i' Vi e"'
summer were Kissing the Flowers as they
nodded theIr pretty heads in the grass by the
~ M,t,,.a soor,oa Ra;o;c;,o i,
io'1d@.'' 40" AZ NI'ui' seo'i'o" i'eJo'S'No -
lie Strength.
Many 'mr' Charles looked up az the frui.
and thought how easy 1t would oe 10 rake ~
but every time he did this the small Solce
would say: THAT would DC wrong, onaries
and he would resolve not 10 make any such
Break.
But pretty soon brlght ihouBh. s'ruo .,A
him, and his pure young race llsn!ea up WIN .,l
u Sunny Smile Il VIII 80 10 me OWNER oi ,ne
Orchard, he SAD, who lives IN yonuo,,
House, and tell nm now nave conI"eleu
Temptation. Then he VIII give me az t1e
Fruit want, because 'hat ~ tne way STURDY
Farmers always DO Ill the ii'tio poohs se' ~
Sunday Schoo. -.
SO he went boldly up 10 INC larin mousse; ps',
just as he entered me na1e iierce DVS siap. ",
him by the seat of his Panties anu wiped tle
Ground with him for few moments. Inc
nice Lunch that his mother ha4 put up iol
him WAS Distributed all over the laFu, ahu nis
new jacket looked as IF 1t had been ohl WIN
tie Boys When the Farmer heard the NOISE
he came running out OF the House ana caiieo
off the Dog ua,,.;
What doyou want, my Litue man: TIC saio
to Charles. :.
| SO Charles told MN ne nau pceh 'enipocu "
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
Puuctuated Jokes.

II brevity is the soul Of wit how is thisf?-
Wheeling Journal
1t is without I.JNew York Enterprise.
Do you expect anybody to q that?-fPhila-
delphia Sunday Mirror
Those are the worst jokes of tho wash
ington Critic.
My n :" you're pointed as a :, aren't you?-
Burlington Enterprise.
We - the opportunity to say that those are
real (? ~? you fellows PROFOUND -[Gold.
Well thew afford us Sous sort of amuse-
ment at best, and-our spirits greatly.-tEle-
waited Railway Journal
II Won we've in this OF country we would
prssi, ynrr EA- Ie~'',e 4, 'nric"
An eiilut /, al iu- reputation WIN such
puns-[ Welcome.
Much ado about 0.-Detroit Free Press.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
An Englishman on Prices i'm New
York.
From An Enpiueer's HOLIDAY by Daniel pid-


From An Engineers Holiday, by Daniel Pid-
geon.
The visitor who lands in America believing
that dollar in New York equals shilling in
London, is, nevertheless, astonished, not 80
much at high prices az at their capricionsness
While lie can live like prince for sixteen shill-
ings or like gentlemen for twelve shillngs day
he cannot buy The Herald for less than two
pence halfpenny, though the publishing price
is three half-pence. Shaving costs
shilling, and drink the same sum. A shoe
black demands fivepence for his services, and
a cabman is occasionally to be found who will
Jolt body and soul asunder over the wretched
roads at the rate Of eight shillings an hour.
Competition is not popular in America
Everybody wants large profits From
rival railroads to rival retailers,
every one prefers combination to competition
Even the buyer is consenting party. He
likes paying large price, and such artificial
values az the above are cheerfully approved
by Americans Some people explain all tins
bv saving that commerce in the states has
been reared upon protection; but the Yankee,
though smart man of business on the sur
face. is a Republican sentimentalist not far be-
low. and gives benevolent width TO the prov
erb, Live and lot live," wherever the clalips
of labor are concerned.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
The Dan'I Blake Homestead Farm
FOR SALE.

The old Daniel Blake Homestead Farm, situated y
the town Of Serena near the Serena aepot, on the
n so n n is offered for sale. For terms enquire u
80, H., ~ nra,niscs sepl3-u
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
HENRY J. RAYMOND.
A Journalist Who Wearied OF the
PEN.


George Alfred Townsend
Henry J. Raymond never had any acquain-
lance with after met him in the penlnsular
campaign. He was medium sized, sallow-
skinned man, with very vulgar nose, some
thing on the negro order, and ragged black
whiskers combed out from his cheeks. He
was neat in his dress and very particular IN
his behavior, being suave, dislikng to have
quarrcls, and although he would pass any
where for gentleman, a careful person would
look at him twice to see whether beneath that
plausible and almost engaging manner there
lay happy mind at ease with itself. He was
one Of the most rapid workers on the newspa-
per press in his time, and wrote pretty hand
and very clear copy. He was reporter-nos
an extraordinarily, and McElrath once
told me that The Tribune made its first
strides to circulation not through Gree
ley's editorials, but through Raymond's report
of murder trial Raymond had q country
college education and started in at the birth
of The Tribune about 1871, at Is week.
Ten wears later he started The Times, having
auarrelled with both his employers, Greeley
ance with Raymond The Times was about
eleven wears old and financial success, and
RAYMOND had been lieutenant-governor OF
New York and published the organ Of Lin
coins administration, being in with seward,
while Greeley was intensely anti-Seward:
Raymond had come on the press 30 young and
Advanced so rapidly that his faculties were
Altogether ahead of his judgment While he
was more popular than Bennett and Greeley
in miscellaneous circles, he had not their
bride iu his profession and was seeking to get
popular honors. He was q waspish man,
notwithstanding his agreeableness, and had
very little liberality or philosophy. Success
was his idea Of life.
There were original and verdant spots in
Greeley, and even in old Bennett on which
one could rest; but Raymond was the spirit Of
motion. flexible limpid, tolerably thin, and We,
he believed that he was altogether more OF q
man than any of his contemporaries; and many
other persons thought 80 too
Raymond told me lying in bed one night Oh
and newspaper writing, and pined for puoit
life. He was an agile parllamentarlan, wnlci
ia the mark in most cases Of q man more adrol
than honest, His favorite field was in the
state legislature or in convention, where III
| could extract an advantage by sharp practlce
] said to him. "Don't you think publishing
great newspaper like The Times is place o.
more power than holding political Office a
| the hands of a party?" He said that he had
lost his enthusiasm for newspaper work, tina
| il was very hard work and did not give hin
| scope enough.
While editing The Citizen one day wrote {
| comparison between Greeley and Raymond
giving Greeley his ideal place as q man @
sincerity, Of simplicity and OF humanity, whil'
! / EXPRESSED nearly the same views of Raymond
! that are here set down. Mere success, withou
| some force Of character somewhere, and tina
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
Martin Van Buren, or Byron

The trial of a sut in which. two well-known
lawyers of Des Moines Iowa, are the opposing
counsel reminds The iOwc State Register OF a
good joke at their expense Several years
ago when they were on opposite sides of a
case. one of them, Judge Nourse, in the course
OF his argument IepeAtcl the lines:
There il tide in the affairs of men
Which, taken at the food, leads on to fortune,
referring TO them ss the well-known words OF
Martin Van Buren,. His opponent, Judge Cole,
that he would never have supposed Martin
Van Buren, guilty .. pissiari2ing Byron
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02

Uncle Gabe: Misery may like company, but
I'd raider hab de rhumstis in one leg cen ter
hsb it in bo!e
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
A GunDOwder Engine.

A patent has Just been taken out in Ger
many for an engine, the piston Of which is
driven backward and forward by small
charges of gunpowder supplied at each end by
an automatic arrangement The ignition is
effected by the motion of the piston, which
draws in a fame of gas or spirit, the access
being regulated by side valves, which also
open outlets for the escape OF the gases OF
combustion.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02

Harry, you ought not to throw away nice
bread like that; you may want it some day. y
well, mother, should stand any better
chance of getting il then il ate IL now?'
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02
Only samples.
The Drummer.

The Drummer.
Say remarked Charleston, & c., spot
ter 10 one of the most innocent, ~you fellows
carry lots Of cheek, whatever else you may
have"
-Pshaw!" replied the pilgrim, we ouly ca
~ SAMPLES: Won ough, 10 see our stock
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02

4 Boston deacon il to he put under discip-
line for inserting in his dry goods advertise
ment the line: High, low, jack and the
game
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1882-12-02

ssptz. ia -tlos
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10
LIVE STOCK.
New York.

NEW YORK, October 9.-The Dropers'
Journal bureau reports: Beeves-Receipts
$500 head, making 1880 head for the
week. Market dull and depressed, with a
reduction Of PC on Texas and half breed
steers; good to choice natives not plenty
and shade firmer; yards not cleared; ex-
tremes, poor to prime natives S9l2ci fair
steers SL@10Hc; fancy native cattle re-
tailed at 1sN@l311c; exporters took 200
steers at 91s@l0Hc, per pound; shipments
for the week 224 head of live cattle; 4, 430
quarters of beef; 40 live sheep; 466 carcasses.
of mutton; 10 carloads of Chicago dressed
arrived, and had fair sale at 6@Sc per
pound. Arrangements are being made for
a receipt sale at this market Of so carloads
OF Western dressed beef per week.
sheep-Receipts 1900 head, making
42,4O0 head for the week. Market extreme
~ duh, with slow sale; sheep 34@5Ac;
lambs 5@6Nc per pound.
1900 head for the week. Market quiet for
live hogs at $S@S rs, per 100 weight.
Chicago.
CHICAGO, October 9.-The Drovers Jour
nal reports: Hogs-Receipts $500 head;
shipments $500 head. Demand better
and market stronger in prices for desirable
stock; common mixed 81 40@S 10; heavy
IS 1O@9 90; light 81 4O@s 05; skips s. 90
Cattle-Receipts 5000 head; shipments
$500 head. Market dull; in shipping
quality poor demand; good So 20@5 so;
common So 90@5 20; mixed butchers
active and 10@15c higher; poor 81 300
90; medium to good SO 1908 so; choice
to extra So 66@4 90: stockers and feeders
more active and l0c higher at s. 1904 35;
Texans 1Oc higher at So COCA 40; half
breeds steady at So 90@4 IS.
Sheep-Receipts 1000 head; shipments
900 head. Market slow and weak; prices
not quotably lower; common to fair 81 IS
as 25; medium to good So 35@3 80;
choice to extra 81 00@4 60.
East Liberty.
EAST LIBERTY, October 9.-Cattle ERE
ceipts 2,465 head. Market dull at about
last weeks prices.
Hogs-Receipts 1900 head. Market
firm; Philadelphia So $500 90; Balti-
mores So 3O@S so; Workers s. 00@S so;
grassers s. 25(17 rs.
sheep-Receipts {, 400 head. Market dull
at about last weeks prices.
Cincinnati.
CINCINNATI, October 9.-Live Hogs
Quiet common and light, So 0O@S IS;
packing and butchers, 81 70@S IS. Receipts
6s5 head; shipments 1876 head.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10

TNDER AND BY VIRTUE OF THE PRO-
u visions of two deeds OF trust, the one
made on the 10Th day Of June, 1873, by Bellva-
der Lamb to me as trustee, and the other
made on the 10th day of June. 1880, by Belleya-
band, TO me as trustee, viii. on
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1882,
At 10 O'Clock q. m, proceed to sell at the front
door of the Court House Of Ohio county, the
following described real estate, that Is TO say :
A certain parcel of land lying and being stu
ated ON Zane's Island, in the City OF Wheel.
ing, bounded and described as follows: begin
ming on the east line of South broadway street,
at a point $50 feet north Of the north line Of
Waters property; thence at right angles 70
Broadway 40 feet, more or less, 70 an alley IN
the rear; thence north along the west line OF
said alley % feet; thence west I'D feet TO tho
east line of Broadway thence south along the
east line Of broadway 70 feet TO the place OF
TERMsSone-third cash; balance. SIX and
twelve months with interest and good security.
W. H. HALLER, Auctioneer. ocoi
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10
Mormonlsm Reversed

Under the patronage and protion
of the king of Cashmere, and tupm-
pany with Guest, we rode into lid
Thibet, q country Of which there hess
knowledge than any other on thelce
of the globe. Whilst there we wereis-
avis with that hydra-headed moner,
Polyandria, marital law which Ses
to the women of Thibet ave living s.
bands each, generally brothers. 10
asked boy who his father might
He replied: "My fathers names
Mahamet jain, Selin Shah, ADD
Ali, Moor Mustsphs and AyOob Kahn
We remained but three days In ThiD
for we were driven out by the wornt
Of the country, who are guardians
its frontier. They pelted Us with site
and stones until we were glad to leav
hut not, however, until ] had secur'
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10
IDIyIng for Alligsora
r., a., E-To~-SfySI n

Jim Russell, son of u Mai. Rus
sell, famous during the florida war,
now makes q precarious Ing in South
Florida as q guide to visitinsportsmen.
For q bonus of g Jim will Ge into the
current of the muddy Stohns and
bring up an alligator. actually
brings them out Of their hob Strange
rs this may seem, it Is the on safe way
to approach an alligator. They dig
holes in the river banks just low the
surface of the water and CIVIL into
them. Jim dives down, craW in rap
idIy and SEXES the saurfan byhe tail,
who, startled, Immediately he's out.
Jim holds on, keeping his iegs tiff till
clear Of the bank, when he dari away,
and the gator rising to the surh for an
instant to see what the deuce is 3 mat
ter is Immediately slain by waltz gun
uers in the boat. r.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10
JUDGES OF ELECTION

JUDGES OF ELECTION
A ND CANvAsSERs OF THE VOTE 10
At a special meeting OF the Board OF Conn
missioners, held september It'll, the following
persons were appointed Commissioners and
Canvassers Of the election TO be held on octo-
Der 10th next:
WASHINGTON DISTRICT.
At Vigilqnt Engine House.
Commissioners-Michae Edwards, James
Roberts, Louis Weitzel,
Canyassers "A. T. Garden, VIM. Kenney'
Fritz Schrtp.
Commissioners-Ed. Hamm, D.. Clemens,
MADISON DISTRICT.
At Second Ward Market.
Commissioner G. X. Wheat, NJ. Pollock,
Canvassers~Jas. h. MCGEE, Elias c. stifel,
Jr., z. Z. linn.
Commissioners-R H. Gillespy. R T. Girls.
well, Hugh McGraw.
CLAY DISTRICT.
At Court House.
Ccmmissioners-M. Reilly, w. F. Peterson
Canvassers-A. II. Beach, Il. II. Pendleton,
Joseph d. Elson.
UNION DISTRICT.
At Atlantic Hngine mouse
CommisSioners-E. T. Jeuers' August "eni'
iN GSasn n; a.; Harvey, John Bodley, G.
We cvxrrp INSTRUCT.
a, c.,,.J. IJ,s. goy,.
-.a' -. 80. Ias whss,ar
r r MofistN
Csnvatsers-w Myles. E. w, Dunaway
John +. Miller.
wEBsTER DISTRICT.
Al United En1ins House.
commissioners. CLARK. ]. M. Todd, L. 3.
Crosse. CO.
Canyassers-L- d. Alorlgnt' hooerb SiArK
~ pr.rcryrv nysrprcr
A, Haas. ofJ 1v,n,S
Commissioners-W.F y. Grade. L. Mix, Thos
NJ Cready.
CsnTsssers-w. c. Handlsn. VIM. Craig, ST..
Rinehaft Conr Hni s.k.,, Ill.,,
az HU""S He"''0' AO
Bowman.
TRiADELPHIA DISTRICT.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10

ninnnn Herald

An unknown animal eight inches
long, having four legs, eight claws on
the fore feet and ten on the hind feet,
resembling an alligator, and able to
crawl with great rapidity, has been I'M
earthed ten feet below the surface of
the ground in stone quarry at Koko-
mo, Ind. When found it was imbeded
in solid rock and seemed to be in q
dormant state.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10
BONDS Fob SALE.

T HAvEAFEw OF THE 80 PER CENT.
Il $500 Bonds Of West Virginia State Fair
and Exposition Association for sale. Interest
payable semi annually. They are secured by
the first and only deed of trust on the ground
and buildings Of said Association. The pro-
perty cost, with the improvements thereon,
$4,000, and the buildings and Improvements
are insured In the sum OF Ell, COO, and the poll
Giles assigned to the holders Of said bonds as
their interest may appear. Said bonds win
be sold at par. Total amount issued $4,000.
Apply to
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10
Petroleum.

TIrUsvILLE, October 9.-Oil opened at
921Ic; highest, 92Hc; lowest, 90c; closed at
9OBc. Shipments Saturday and Sunday
100, 292 barrels; no charters; runs, Satur-
day and Sunday 1894 barrels.
BRADFORD, Pa, October 9.-0il-Weak
and lower; opened at 93c; highest 93c;
lowest soc; closing at 9Oc. Sales 1858.
600 barrels; total shipments Saturday and
Sunday, ,293 barrels; charters 1900.
PITTSBURGH, Pa, October 9.-Petroleum
Dull: United certificates weaker;
closing at 9O26c; refined SIC for Phila.
delphia delivery.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1882-10-10
western Csc; Central Ohio &c. Linseed Oil
Dull and lover at 49@6lc.
~ PnfiadeIpnta.

western Csc; Central Ohio &c. Linseed Oil
Dull and lover at 49G6lc.
IS PnfiadeIphfa.
PHIADEIPHIA, October o. = Flour
Steady; Minnesota extra s. 0096 70; Ohio
extra family IS so; Ohio patent s6 5o@6 %:
Rye Fiour-Firm ut "a 25@4 62H. Wheat
1 081s; seller November 81 09@l OK;
seller December 81 10N@1 IL. Corn
Strong and higher; sail yellow 76c; sail
mixed 75c; steamer 7211@731zc; sail mixed
seller October 721<(973c; seller November
T2La723kc; seller December 64@@6414c.
Oats-Firm; mixed 36940c; No. 3 white An
@44c; No. white 45Iz@461Ic. Provisions
Steady; mess beef IS(G1811c; mess pork
$23 0O@24 90; prime So 50@23 90; smoked
shoulders $40 OO@16 so. Butter-Actiye
and firm at 20@33c Eggs-Steady at 25h
acc. Cbeese-Firm and in fair demand
at 10k @l2c, Petroleum-Firln 81 sc.
Whisky-Steady at 81 %.
Toledo.
TOLEDO, October 9.-Wheat-0 Opened easy,
closing stronger; No 2 red spot 81 COZ;
seller October 81 CO.'S; seller November
81 O05s; seller December 81 00H; seller
year 81 90 bid; seller January 81 OF. Corn
-Firmer; No. spot &c bid; seller Octo-
Der 60Ac; seller November Gle; seller
year 60c 0ats-No. 2spot 35cH; seller DC
tober held at 35l4c; seller November 81 &c;
seller December 34c.
New Orleans.
NEW ORLEANS, La, October Coffee
in good demand; Rio cargoes, ordinary
to prime 73I@l01Ic. Sugar-Stronger; new
crop yellow centrifugal SIC offered; white
s5sc. Molasses-Dull and nominal.