Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1882-06-10

Different SsyIcs Of Cars and Their
Bailders-ThcWarO Of Com petinx Com.
Ponics-A Car-h aiidinY Town Of Two
Years, Growth.

Bailders-TheWar Of Com etinx Com.
Ponics-A Car-b uiidinx Town Of Two
Year, Growth.
From the N. Y. Sun.
The conveniences and Injuries of railroad
travel are among the most characteristic of
American inventions. The time when railroad
Journey was fatlguing has long since passed.
The traveller now finds rest and recreation while
ne PUSHES at the speed Of nearly a mile a min
ute from city to city, or views a continent in
summer jaunt. Great corporations have arisen
out of the willingness of the public to pay for
comfort, and vast networks Of railroads. both
in this country and in Europe, bear testimony to
American invention and mechanical dexterity
in the construction Of palace cars for day aud
night travel. The palatial cars In which James
Fisk, jr., and Jay Gould rode on the Erie rail-
way have become the cOmmOn-places of travel.
As early as 1880 sleeping cars were run under
the patents of the late Jonas Woodruff by the
Central transportation company. These patents
passed into the possession Of PulIman's Palace
Car company, which has paid royalty to the
Central Transportation company. Before his
death Mr.. Woodruff constructed new model
for sleeping cars, which obviated the top-heavi-
ness Caused by storing the bedding under the
roof. The bedding is placed in a cellar UNDER
meath the seats of the The upper berth fits i'm
against the body OF the Car. and is drawn out on
brackets. Sleepers cost S13. 600 each. Drawing
room or day cars cost about $4,000 There are
no patents on the day cars. as they are simply
ordinary cars with easy seats. But there are
patents on particular styles of easy seats
The Woodruff Sleeping ParlOr Coach COM
pany has capital stock of 800, 600.
aud now run 100 cars. all sleepers. 1t
employs about 300 men in its new car shops in
Swissvale, near Pittsburg, Pa. Formerly It's
cars were built mostly at Wilmington, Del It's
routes now cover the c., c., C. and 1. railroad
known as the ''B" line, making connection, by
arrangement with the Wagner company, from
New York to st. Louis. The Woodruff cars also
run on the st. Louis and KeOkuk, Louisville
and Chicago, Ohio and Evansville, Chicago and
Wisconsin, and Manhattan Beach roads One
style OF the parlOr cars is familiar to all who
have been to COney Island. The company di-
vides its profits with the roads on which its cars
are used.
main idea of the palace car business origi-
nally was that the railroad companies would
take on the palace cars free because they them
selves would save the cost ofrolling stock. But
the competition among palace car companies
has become so great, and the profits of palace
car travel so enormous that several railroad
companies have undertaken to build their own
cars. The Woodruff company anticipates this
tendency by its plan of dividing profits. The
president Of the company is Frank Rham and
John c. Paul is superintendent OF the eastern
business. Arrangements are in progress to put
the cars on the Long Island railroad for summer
travel.
In the mind Of the public the idea Of palace
car travel is almost always associated with the
name Of George NJ. Pullman, who, with his as
sociates, has thus far mOnOpOlized a very large
share of the palace-car building business, and
mas accumulated princely fortune. The first
palace car he built built in 1863 for the Chi
cagO and Alton railroad at a cost of $4,000
1t is yet in use, and Is named 1.-THE Pioneer"
Pulman's Palace Car company now runs 800
cars. and covers between &C. 600 and SO, 600
miles Of railroad in this country. For five or
six years it has had palace cars running in
England Scotland, and Italy also, and is now
building large number Of cars for foreign rail-
roads. The cars built about the time of the Or
ganiZatiOn of the company, in 1867, cost from
So, GOO to $50. 600. They had sixteen wheels.
subsequently the size was reduced, and the cost
was reduced to $1S, Geo. and from 1874 to 1878
is about $4,000 but the progress of the arts has
secured greater finish and beauty than ever.
The company is now building about 125 new
cars. Its routes In this country cover the Erie.
pennsylvania, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy,
AtchsOn, Topeka, and Santa Fe. Union Pacific,
Chicago and Northwestern, Rock Island, and
other roads.
The Pioneer and the City of Dubuque were
built i4 the repair shops of the Chicago and Al
ton road: They were open sleeping cars with
out drawing rooms. They contained all the es-
sential elements Of the Pullman cars, including
the special feature of the triangle roofs for the
stOwage of bedding by day. The next cars were
built in various car shops. As the business in
creased shop was established at Chicago, where
about 600 men are now employed. Afterward
another Pullman shop was built at Elmira, N.
T., where about 800 men are employed. There
are repair shops at. West Philadelphia and st.
Louis, Mo. About year and q half ago the
company began to build the town of Pullman,
Ill, named after George N. Pullman, where
5000 men are employed, making 4 500 men in
all employed in the shops of the company, which
now has capital Of 10000, 600.
The story of the town of Pullman reads like
fairy tale. Two years ago Mr.. Pullman bought
tract Of 800 acres on the shores of Lake Calu-
met, shallow lagoon connected with Lake
Michigan by the Calumet river. Beginning in
May, 1880, model industrial town sprang up
like magic Since then 5000, 600 bricks,
10000 600 feet Of timber, 1875 600 feet of floor
been used in the construction of workshops.
homes and public buildings. Fourteen miles OF
railroad track have been laid, and the great
Corliss engine of the Centennial exhibition has
been set at work, driving all the machinery OF
the town. The buildings are not cheap wooden
ediI1ces, but substantial brick structures.
The largest ia the front erecting shop and
ONCE, 100 feet long and So feet deep. The great
chimney Of the works Is Of brick, hexagOnal in
shape, and 200 feet high The water tower.
TOXIC feet and 200 feet high supports SOC, 600
gallon tank, through which the water supply of
the town Is to be served. The water tower is
the base Of a sewerage system. Sewage pumps
are placed there, and an immense sewage reser-
voir. The sewage is pumped through tight
iron pipe to q farm three miles away. There
are church and parsonage, . school house,
stores, public library and theater, and dwell
ings for 600 wOrkingmen's families. Seven hun
dred and fifty more dwelling houses are build
Ing. A park and public drives have been laid
out; On the afternoon of April 2, 1881, Mr..
Pullman's daughter Florence, girl Of Is, set
In motion the COrliss engine that drives the
machinery Of the car works. Other manufac-
turing works are building, and the car shops
will turn out all sorts of cars
An officer Of the Pullman Palace Car company
said: THE Wagner folks have no patents Of
consequence. We have permitted them to use
our patents, for consideration, on the New
York Central and other roads, The Baltimore
and Ohio railroad has been pirating our patents,
and we shall bring them to terms. We have
about sixty-twO patents that cover the various
devices for the public comfort in the Pullman
cars. Some have expired, some are obsolete,
some are OF no practical Importance, but there
are enough left to protect US in the use Of the
original inventions that. we employ We are
now going for the big fish who have been in