Morning journal and courier., 1882-02-20

houses but never concurrently. In the last
hours of the Forty sixth Congress it passed
the Senate by a vote of 46 to 6, and its pass
age was recommended in the House IN
voluminous report presented by MIR. Cox, OF
New York The Chambers of Commerce of
New York, New Orleans and San Francisco
have unanimously petitioned Congress to
restore the money to Japan. The leading
journals of the entire country are without
exception on record as having at one time or
another urged upon Congress the proprlety
of this course. President Arthur mentioned
it especially in his recent message. General
Grant has expressed himself vigorously about
the matter, and William H Seward in letter
to the chairman of the Committee on For
eign Affairs as long ago as 1868 denounced
the levy of he money on Japan in the most
unmeasuret terms, and advocated its speedy
return. A bill similar to that for which Mr..
Williams will attempt to secure consideration
in the House is pending in the Senate. 1t is
to be hoped that at last justice is going to be
done in this matter.
q
lists in England the eminent DR.. Carpenter
was a speaker, and he told his hearers great
deal which, though probably not very pleas
ing to them, they would find it hard to re-
fute DIR. Carpenter pointed out that it was
the permanent duty of the State, in health
as in education, to secure the public advant-
age moreover, in his Judgment, the State
was morally bouud to intervene in such
matter between the parent and the child for
the good both of the child and of society at
large" He then referred to the outbreak Of
smallpox in 1880, and commended that, so far
from affording ground for the repeal of the
law, it favored making the law in its opera
ton still more complete and stringent. He
showed by historical statistics in the period
1660-7S the general mortality of Great Brit
ain was so, 900 in every million of living per
sons, and the smallpox mortality ITO; for
the period 172S-57, the one was 81, 900, and
the other 1860; while from 1860 to 1880 the
average smallpox mortality was 1000 per
million. But during the present century
there has been marked decline. For the
decade 1SO1-1O the general mortality was 30
900 pefsmillion, and the smallpox 2, 040; for
1885, the one was 80, 600, the other $50;
for 1851-6O compulsory vaccination having
been established in 1885, the mortality from
smallpox fell to 27s per million, while for
1861-7O it went slightly lower-to 276. But
in 1870 the disease became one of great
violence, and it is on this point that DR..
Carpenters remarks are of peculiar interest,
for here lies the source of the figures with
which the ti-vaccinationists are now forth
flying their cause. DR.. Carpenter told them
the disease, while severe everywhere in Brit
ain in 1871, was more so In Scotland than
elsewhere, because vaccination had not been
enforced north of the Tweed. But within
five years past the law of compulsory vacci-
nation had prevailed in Scotland, with the
significant result of less than twelve deaths
in year in that country from smallpox. In
London the case had been different, for
there, thanks to the efforts of the society
which he was addressing, 'an unvaccinated
resduun kept the disease alive.''