Memphis daily appeal. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1847-1886, 1882-02-12

passed an elegant troika, its fiery stations al
full gallop, whose driver cried constantly
aloud to the Outstanding peasants TO clear
the way; and if by chance their movements
were not quick enough to suit hiA he had
| ready means of accelerating them in the
long whip, which he let fall smartly and
without more ado upon the shoulders OF the
nearest. Then, perhaps, detachment OF
ll-clad and ill-fed soldiers made here an
hours halt. Or sgsin, it was an imperial
courier, who only paused while for his
painting and smoking horses could be SUBJ
stituted the fresh ones that awaited him.
! The modern history of Gatschino begins in
the time of Catherine IL, who made gift to
her lover, Prince Orlofi, of the town. with its
vast surrounding wooded domain. He began,
in 1866, the erection of a chateau according
to plans by the Italian architect Rastrelli,
but it was not until 1781-just century ago
4 that the building was finished. When Or
a loft died, Catherine bought the property back
a from his family, and gave it to her son Paul.
I The unfortunate fellow became so fond of the
place that he did not wish to quit il even on
his accession. Orloff7s chateau, which forms
? only the center OF the present complex group
, of buildings, is square edihce, neither hand
some nor majestic, with a little tower at each
corner. g:eat park surrounds the castle,
and beyond this, vast forests stretch Tor a dis
, lance of several kilometers. In 1890 the rank
of a city was accorded to the place, and soon
after the senate Of the department was there
installed. The Emperor Nicholas enjoyed
Gatschno much, and made it his habitual
summer residence. The old chateau was,
however, too small for the autOcrat, and
he ordered it to be Immediately en-
larged, after deciding to occupy it.
Work was at once begun; it was
midwinter, and the thermometer marked 4
temperature of many degrees below zero-it
is even said that the mortar had to be
mixed with spirit, so fast did water freeze
but in three months the palace was COM
pleted under its pr, sent aspect-two great
rectangular wings united TO the central build
ing by crescents. 1t is surrounded by ram
parts-low enough, indeed-fosses and a
| wall, SO that it has the aspect OF fortress
to increase the likeness cannon have been
mounted everywhere, but / fancy them to be
quite as formidable to whomsoever should
have the courage to fire them to any body
else. In the grand court of the palace is a
statue of the Emperor Paul, who stands
with his back turned to the highway. Quite
near to the palace, and surrounded by an
| iron railing, is a cemetery, which think
| must be unique; there are buried in it only
| the dogs of the Empress Alexandra Feodo-
rovna, wife OF the Emperor Nicholas, and
each one has his own grave and epitaph.
| The emperor liked, then, TO live at Cats
chino, but he found the town too dull and in
animate, and he accordingly took the step to
which the place, as one now Sc it, owes its
existence. He ordered that all the great
territory which is at present inclosed
| between the two railway lines should be
divided into lots, and that these lots should
| be given away to such persons as would
| bind themselves to erect, within a space OF
| three years, one or two little houses upon
each, following some plan to be approved by |
the chancellor OF the palace, and intending
them for residences. AS last the build |
| ings fairly began the legal documents we're
transferred to the constructors, and at the |
same time there were laid out the streets of |
the town-four in each objectionable two |
sets crossing each other at right angles. To |
simplify the matter, the peasants who lived |
on the route TO Warsaw were turned out, |
their dwellings demolished, and on their |
sites were erected the barracks in which is |
still lodged the local garrison, always of |
considerable strength, and now consisting of |
a regiment of cuirassiers and brigade of |
artillery. So, in the course of some thirty |
years. the new town sprang up, as 1t were,
from the EARTH but 1t does not consist of |
houses in Reih Und Gted, three or four |
stories high, being composed instead of
villas and chalets, with gardens about them,
and generally built in Russian fashion, with
balconies and verandas When / say "gar-
densn / indulge in euphemism, for the
majority of the plots which are designed
for such are as yet only bits of plain, over
which few little trees cast a sparse shade
the snort luuttu. the pro-
prietors seem to have shown their practical
common sense in substituting for the posi-
bility of pretty gardens the actually OF more
houses, which they let out at remunerative
rents to the families who come asummering
from St. Petersburg. Gatschino is reputed to
be one of the healthiest places imaginable;
the air is fresh and good, and the evenings
are not damp. But, on the other hand, the
water, which is only found at great depth
under an argiilaceous stratum, contains
great deal of chalk, and the native inhabi-
tants suffer much from corresponding dis
eases. Where the ancient Gatschino stood,
now stand the great buildings which are &C.
cupied by the huge Institute" founded by
the Empress Maria Feodorovna, wife of the
Emperor Paul and which reached its full
development about the year 1885. This in .
stitute is equal to the education OF eight | I;
hundred children, whom it receives between
the ages of four and fourteen years. and can
provide for until the age of twenty. During 5
this period they should have gone through
all the courses and be ready for the
university. The children are divided into
eight classes, but whenever any class num- '
bers more than thirty We members it is sub
divided into parallel sections; thus the two I
lower classes have at present four and three !
sections respectively. The reader may be }
to know that the Institute has but
one hundred and sixty-two working days in G
a year, all the other two hundred and three {
being religious festivals or vacation days. T.
So it would not do to expect too much of !
Russian education, when its very foundations
are fiimsily laid. The children of the priv
LEGGED classes only are received, and these
must be orphans, or fatherless at least. Those
under ten years of age do not lodge at the I
but in the town under the u
charge of matrons, who may receive as c
many as ten children, Tor each Of whom a
monthly sum of 15r. is paid. OF all these a
iUl,f hundred only Iafa he | !,
iuil course; small number die, low 0
order of intelligence and bad conduct \
cause the balance TO be rejected. Those "
who are graduated receive yearly q
'ubsidy of 300r. until their twenty
fifth year, and the Institute always continues :,
% give them what assistance it can there |,
after. For those who are rejected, above, T
he Institute generally finds places in some h
branch Of the public OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES n
erably in the remoter departments. The m
institute has capital Of about 25, 900, DOOR, "
md, further, receives important subsidies h
rom the interest of 10000 000r. which the "
anne empress who founded it left for the e
oundatIon and support of many beni6cent
in Russia. The library OF :.
he Institute is very rich and contains many :,
looks of great rarity, gifts of the empress =
eunder or of De Lanskoi, minister of the -
Interior under the Emperor Nicholas and q
hen manager of the establishment. The ~
present manager l5 an eX-HeutenanI OF culr- 1 ::
ssiers, Gorniloff, who has long had the g.
supervision OF public instruction in the de- -
,artment of Warsaw; the director is young =,
nan of thirty-two, Major-General Schild- r.
Ter, who has at his personal DISPOSE -
ion, besides horses and vehicles, hnle ~
partment OF twenty-seven rooms. Be
ides the Institute there is in.the neigh
orhood hospital, founded by Paul, little
Protestant church, and the residences OF
mall German colony; while something OF
he character OF the town itself may be
uessed when i say that in half hundred 80.
abarets the national drink flows in torrents -
1 very small expense; that hundred
he COWS browse numerously and peacefully co
vbich had been totally neglected after the In
cath Of the Emperor Nicholas, has been OF
ate restored and refurnished splendidly, and
ow il a residence fit for an imperial family.
Is picture gallery is especially rich in paint n
ngs OF all schools and epochs- Near the vi
slace, an separated from the rest Of the de
ark either BY a great wall or an iron tn
,ncing, is a little garden, with many 81
larble statues and magnificent borders. 90
his garden ia entirely surrounded by the K,
reat park, with its little lakes, its canals, d.
nd its bridges connecting all Its Islands. Is
here are a aiovers' island" bridge of tt
CHS "bridge of kisses" SILVER lake" DIR
nd a pavilion of Venice" which last Of
rived as bath for Maria Feodorovna. 1t fol
a. a ceiling, painted by Verni, and repre- la
.nting a group Of beautiful women bathing. CO.
a one of the larger lakes are rnoored two ia
tile war vessels, one carrying ten, the other J br