davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
ESTABLISHED AUGUST "a, 1852.
Glp gtifelligstltler:
=, ,o., ~ and "a Fourteenth street.
,.,,n,of Con,,ncndation.


.,,,,r,ry News Of Yesterday. 3sS
u, :, ,;teralitv Of the officers Of the Cleve'
Us ! nPi,tsblrgIl railroad in connection
~ - Is i IS,e steamboat disaster at Mingo
t = tt,sSy Of special notice. Special trains
stS[, out 10 convey those who had los,
ttEs 81 md searchers for the dead, TO the
Jthc disaster; during the week o!
So ..., descriptions were sent TO and
Sasi,,. letwecn, and including Easl
~ ~ and Wheeling by their telegraph
p'ag ,,. All dead bodies were returned
M n.i, trends, and men were employed
y .s w." toxes for the bodies, all free oi
Iis % Wbo will dare to say "Corpora'
CT i,v. no sOnls' after this generous
TSst,ru! proper tribute on the pari
In. Ma. Tie Pennsylvania Railroad
CSnp.ay dEhich the Cleveland 4 Pitts
,r,5 !. prt, set this example to its
t.,s3 sst by the generous manner in
rI8srsasel any payment or compen'
ssyb, Ill that it did on behalf Of Presi'
5,.G.reli during his sickness and after
Il. Death, in the day Of special trains
.,ed.l track laying, &c. Such an exhibi'
la of public spirit deserves the commen'
l..Oa Of the press and the acknowledg'
.,,, oi,he whole country.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22

: r Z ~. 81
tempted. The qualifications the old grave.
yard, too, would have furnished numerous
hiding places. The appearance OF the
grenades indicates that they have been in
storm and sunshine for some time, and ad.
ded 70 the other circumstances confirm the
suspicious that they were taken TO
That spot by unknown parties with the In.
tentien oi demolishirg the van and killing
Guiteau. Had both Of the grenades been
thrown, or even one of them, the
effect would have been TO entirely
dcmolish the van, the death OF
the officers Of the vehicle, and pos.
sibly some Of the mounted men, MS the
power OF one ot them is insufficient blow
up an entire house. 1t Is evident the
grenades were taken TO the spot for tho
purpose mentioned, but the bombardists'
hearts Jailed them and they gave up the
job on reflection, leaving their Internal
machines behind them. The name OF the
party who bought the grenades is un.
known.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
WORKING UNDER WAGES.
fuddlers Expelled From the ANN
Snmntcd for king the Places or Oihe

A'uuuIerS Expelled From the Amnl
Snnintct for Taking the Places or Oihe,
Workmcn. s5.ytss G5
FIrTsnrEGIr, July 2l.-Yesterday an ar
ticle Was published in one ol the evening
papers, in which it was stated that grea,
many OF the striking puddlers arc "black.
sheeping." That is they are taking work
from laborinc men, and also mechanics, by
working for wages lower than they re.
ceived. A reporter talked with several
Ruddiers this morning, and they stated
that the assertion made in the paper above
referred 10 was made too strong They said
there were a few puddlers who had been
guilty OF "scabbing," " but that they had been
expelled from the Amalgamated Assocja.
tlon. One man said "a few weeks ago
John 4. Wood had some barses that bc
wanted unloaded, and number OF strikers
engaged 10 do the work for Sl,75 a day,
when the old employees had been getting
s. 90 per day. These strikers were from
Painters mill, and when the members ol
the Amalsamated lodge OF that establish.
ment heard what these members were
doing they called meeting and expelled
them from the Association. Hereafter
these men will not be allowed to work in
q mill in which union men are cmployed. y
In this connection we will give the state.
ment OF a bottle.glass blower. He stated
that there isa bottle factory ut Tarehtum, and
i stopped on the lst Of this mouth, when
the other factories stopped, but shortly
after the stop the proprie,ors started the
factory. lie said that they put some OF the
gathering boys to blowing, and employed
two puddlers from the sharpsbug mill as
tinishers- The gentleman, as well as sew.
eer,l other glassworkers, who were present
at the time, expressed themselves in yery
strong terms asainss the puddlers, and also
against the firm. - = -,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22

R q. -a q
BrooKLrS, July al.-Jancs F. Walsh,
aged 10 years, was hanged a. five minutes
past ten o'clock this morning for the mur.
der Of Barbara Grocntha, aged l6, January
8, 1881. Barbara was domestic, and by
the advice Of her employers refused to. r, re,
eeive the attentions of Walsh, whose repu.
tauon was bad. He bluntly asked her on
New Years Day TO marry him. She re.
fused. lie bought a pocket knife with a
iour:incl blade, sharpcned both edges II,
a paint shop where he worked, learned BY
many inquiries the exact location OF Inc
.eart, called on Barban the night Of Jan,
uary $, and upon her refusal 10 acccp, hin,
as lover, lie stabbed her through Tho
heart, killing her Instantly. $.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
ENGLAND EXPLAINS
HER ATTITUDE TOWARDS eoyfr. +,


ALEXANDRIA, July ol,-All the French,
shlps here and the United States flag shin
have gone to Brindisi. Markets and
the bouse are reopening for busi.
ness. 1t will not be surprising
II Arabi Pasha's measures in re.
gard to the water supply OF Alexandria
led to the immediate advance OF British!
troops. Major General Alison telcgraphcil
home Tor instructions An Arab spy states
that the damming Of the AIahmoudiclii
canal has flooded the country. The water
In some places is knec.deep, making the!
ground too soft for the movement Of cpns. guns!
A native has Just been shot while attempt.!
ing to set fire to house in the centre oti
the city. s.}tsf p e ,;5l,558 i,
PoEr SAN, July ol.-Arabi Pasla az
ter the bomburdment OF Alexandra I
spread the report that the English troons
had been defeated. The conduct Of tbei
natives is consequently very insolent, The;
situation is critical. Y I; ~,
ALEXANDRIA. July 2l.-A refugee frnm,,ll
Cairo reports that numerous massacres nj
Europeans took place Monday on the out.
skirts Of the city. Maj. Gen. Alison leaves
here tomorrow with q detachment iiof
troops to blow up the obstruction In thsi
afnhmoudich canal. = : : 80: 80
The official native report Of the bonn
oardment OF Alexandria said EIGHT iron5
clads were sunk, two burned and fonrl
captured, and that the latter would he;
brought to Cairo. 5it35f u : 'ss88s;ss'sss
On the evacuation OF Alexandria. Ar,big
Pacha issued the following proclamation. 1
"Mudirs-Atth the Khediye's instjpation thaS
English killed with sword and sbo, in re-
venge the Egyptians who were left To-
guard the city. The Khediye remains
NJ night with his women ailoat among the
English, and returns to shore in the day
time 10 order continuance OF the slaupb.
Ter, therefore issue my order TO continue
A second proclamation OF Arabi pashais
says: THE khedive has imprisoned
his ministers at Alexandria in order 4
they, may be instruments in Enc,aud's
hands: The kilograms despatched by3
hagheo Pasha authorizing the cessation oi
military preparations were forcibly ex.
torted from him and are therefore invalid
An lrreconcilable war exists between us
and the English" y3fi q q a. -. "a
a letter from the interior confirms the;
reports OF massacres at Cairo and Damietta.4
At Caliuba family was taken from the rail-
way train and put under the wheels. ALI
employes OF the Cadastral Survey at Tautall
have been killed, including two English
engineers named Crowthcr and Macalan.a
A sheik and Governor tried to save them:
but were unable. y 55is-53SSElIs .7,g
A riile regiment occupies a fort 400,
yards outside OF Rosette Gate. These ara
the only British troops outside the walls. I,
1he situation in regard to the water sup
Ply Is alarming. There has been fall IN;
the canal OF two inches. Unless more
troops arrive soon to enable the garrison, to-
drive Arabi Pasha from the pumping sta
tlons the consequences will be terrible. s4ig5s
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
STATE OF TRADE.
THE WEEKLY BUSINESS REVIEW
Full aAd Exhaustive ilsports from the PronI
neat Commercial and Trade Centre, OF th.
couhtry, Showing the Coadlli0n OF <
Y Buslaes And Future Prospects.

NEw foRx, July ol.-This has been q
good average week in general trade, de.
spite the drawbacks OF the strikes and
other disturbing elements, and a bette,
tone is apparent in business circles. The
demand for dry goods is very fair for the
season; new buyers are arriving in the mar.
ket constantly to replace those who have
left, and progress in business Is satisfac.
tory to the trade generally, and augurs well
for the coming fall season. In the grain
market the price OF wheat steadily declined
until Wednesday last, when, after consid.
cradle drop, the market assumed more
strength and reaction set in, prices nd.
vancing some two cents and closing with n
moderate degree Of iirmness. Corn has
been weak and followed somewhat The
course Of wheat, but without as great de-
preston. Oats, although no doubt affected
by the condition Of wheat and corn, have
been very firm, and the decline has been
comparatively small one.
Business in all grades OF iron continues
light. The strikers are keeping tue mar.
ket considerably demoralized, although
the stoppage OF production naturally tends
10 keep the prices firm.
Dealers In manufactured iron continue
to do fair business, and while the boom in
that brand is unquestionably over, still
there is o good legitimate demand.
The failures in business reported to New
York ior the week was l24, against l2l last
week. The bulk Of them are in the West.
ern States. They are distributed rs follows:
Eastern States, IL; Western, Is; Southern,
%; Middle, 25; Pacific coast and the Ter.
ritories, l3; New York and BROOKLYN, }.
New York city business never was more
free from disasters than now, apparently.
LOUISVILLE.
LOUISVILLE, July 2l.-During the past
week the general trade OF the city kept the
even tenor Of its way. Provisions are in
fair demand for consumption, and have
been irregular in prices, and continued on
downward tendency. Supplies are ample
for the demands OF trade. Leaf tobacco
sales reported by warehouses in the week
ending Thursday, July 20, and in the ex.
pired portion OF the current week, amount.
ed to 4I5 hoSsheads,
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
THE POwEHs.


Cnucnsinc ON The sitnntiou-Arrnnre,
menfs for Concert or Action. ~
LONDON, July el.--A long dispatch from
Lord Granville to Lord DufIerin, English
Ambassador at Constaniinople, dated July
II, is published. After justiiying the bonn
bardment OF Alexandria. the dispatch /
states: Her aIajesty's Government now see ei,S
no alternative but recourse to force 10 put
an end to the intolerable state Of affairs III II
Egypt. 1t would be most in accord with.
the principles OF international law, that the
force should be that OF sovereign powers
II this is impracticable on account ;of The {
unwilllngness OF the Sultan s, to Z act
It will become necessary 10 Z devise
other measures. Her Nlaiesty's Gov.
eminent continues to hold the view
that any Intervention should represent The {
united action and authority OF Europe,p
They have, in fact, no interest or object in /
regard to Egypt, inconsistent with those OF (
the rest OF Europe or the Egyptian people
Their desire Is that the Il nayiea.s
tion OF the canal snail be 3 nm.
restricted, that Egypt shall be we'll
fe..es soNSlAetiy lTec lTUun Tile pre- Y
dominating influence OF any single power
that International engagements shall bef
observed, and those British Commercial
and industrial interests, which have been so
largely developed in Egypt, shall receive due
protection from outrage, a principle which
IS essential for our interests In ali parts of !
the world. Their policy has been consist
ent- They have Loyalty kept their engage,
ments with France, and have been anxious
that other Powers be informed and consult
ed on all matters materially affecting the S
position OF the country. the action which
their admiral has been compelled to I re.S
sort to has not altered their views. ssii
CoSsrASTlSopLE,J July 2l.-It is expected L
me Porte will propose that either the Turk
ish commission shall accompany the Eng Y
ilsh and French troops or that the Euro 4
pcans hold the Sucz canal while the Turks
operate elsewhere. sl i95l = / ~;
LONDON, July 81. It is said the Govern. !
ment is considering the question OF send 4
ing 10,C00 additional troops TO Egypt al
once. 1T is believed the order summoninp !
the reserves will be issued rs soon ss pos.s
slble after Gladstone's statement in the
House OF Commons on Monday, t.ls5l;5s$
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
BRIEF TELEGRAMS.

DUBUQUE, a., July 2l.-There was a
slight frost last night, but no damage done.
NEW BEDFORD, Mass, July ol.-Hcnson
Waters, OF Baltimore, aged eighteen, was
drowned while bathing.
NEwroRr, X. l., July ol.-William Elan.
agan, sged forty, was seized with cramps
while bathing and WAS drowned.
DELERA, TEN, July oI.-A Mexican
wagon train loaded with kegs OF powder
exploded. Two men and four mules were
blown to atoms.
Bos1oN, July ol.-Aiter August 18th the
Longshoremen will demand forty cents per
hour during the day fifty cents at night,
and eighty cents on Sunday.
FALL RIVER, MASS, July 2l.-The strike
among the cotton operatives at the Tecum-
sch mill is nearly ended. and the open.
tires are gradually returning to work.
JERSEY CRY, July ol.-The Italian RIO
ers tried for shooting at the striking freight
handlers who assaulted them, were acquit-
ted. Three Of their number were fined for
carrying pistols. -sa
RALEIGH, n. c., July 2l.-The Republi.
cans OF the Second District nominated ].
O. Hara lcolored) for Congress. The Dem.
ocrats OF the Third District nominated Col.
Wharton J. Green for Congress.
CHICAGO, July 2I.-A Springfield, Ills,
dispatch says the Democratic Convention
for the Thirteenth Illinois District, in ses.
sion there this afternoon, renominated
VIM. NJ. Springer for Congress by accla.
nation. q
FAIRFIELD, 3IE, July 2l.-Four saw.mills
and machinery, sash and blind factory,
two furniture factories and one builders
factory were burned with all their con-
tents, also five dwelling.houses. Loss
over 100000. Six hundred men are
thrown out OF work. =
ALBuQUERayr, n. NJ, July 2l.-yigilants
pursued and overlook Jack Kingbury,
Bill Mnlchy5 and Nevada Jim, gang Of
murderes. A terrific fight followed and
two of the murderers were killed and the
other blew his brains out. One Of the Wig.
ilants was wounded. IA b
EAST SAGINAW, MICH, July 2l.-Mc.
Leod's shingle mill, in Saginaw City, was
burned at . r. ". to-day. Y During the fire
a boiler exploded, the pieces OF which
killed a man named VIM. Crawford and q
boy named Scheum, and 4 seven other
were more or less injured. ls;;;;S .;ySsi
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22

nearest railroad station. Prices are now
down and ninety cents Is the highest price
dealers otler. The corn crop Is getting too
much rain and is full Of grass. The pros.
poets Tor a large crop has much lessencd In
the last few weeks. The hay crop Is very
heavy, butt is quite weedy and rather too
ripe, owing to the cutting having been de.
iinyed by frequent heavy showers. The to.
bacco crop is getting too much rain and
hot sun. It's value will greatly depend on
It's careful cultivation and handling. Only
the best tobacco will sell at paying prices,
Common mongrel cheap, dark tobacco will
not pay the farmer. stsl :. - :
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
Sub>,ItutcS for the Wires.

COLORADO SPRINGS, CoI., July ol.-The
'e!e;raphic communication between Col.
O'adO Springs and the summit OF Pixies
feak, was recently destroyed, and yester.
-! II became necessary to communicate
oy means oi signals. The communication
va, ss with regard to repairs to the signal
saiaon, y and was accomplished by the use
s's9 Wy. large mirrors and red flags, the sig.
ss s,ss ssSelng observed through powerful tele-
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
DAVIS DEFAMATION
ON NATIONAL BANK TAXATION.
The Board Of Audit 10 Settle Claims Against
Garh.ld's Estats-The Hooks Said 10 be
NJ cl0'sd In the District AttorpsyshIp Nat.
hr-General Ws,hinytol News Notes.
speelal DIspatch 10 the Intell!sencer

opVSlh bhpNtCn 10 le lntcIllgeuCer. .s'ra4.-
WASHINGTON, July 2l.-Mr. Davis, Of
West Virginia, made quite an effective
speech in the Senate in favor OF reliey.
ing the National banks from taxation, and
voted that way, together with Camden, Bay.
ard, Heck, Salisbury, Groome, Jonas,
Jackson and Jones, Of Florida, in opposi.
tion TO the amendment OF Mr. George,
proposing TO strike ou. this clause from the
Internal Revenue bill. In the course Of
his remarks he spoke as follows: ~
H"There has been considerable said about
the National banks paying no tax on
bonds. | say to my friends on both sides
Of the chamber that the bonds owned by
the Satiocal banks are the only United
States bonds that pay taxes. For instance,
there are >S4o6 100000 OF United States
bonds OF National banks held by
the Government rs security for
their circulation. They are all taxed, il
the stockholders OF every bank are taxed
to the full extent OF their stock, so that
the States all over the country get from
these bonds owned by the National banks
State taxation, and they are the only
United States bonds on which they do get q
State taxation. There is little bank in
the town in which l live, and I-wrote to
the cashier to know how much tax ii
paid. The capital Of the bank is $4,000
He says: '.We paid from January TO July
l, lSS2, $3.50 government tax. In addition
to this we pay State tax OF about Si5O
corporation tax ofSe75; total s., ls5, or more
than per cent. on the capital OF the bank. u
That is the heaviest exaction l know Of
1t is heavier than on any other piece oi
pronarty 1850
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
A. Marrow Eseano.

CLEvELASp, July 9l.-A franklin, Pa,
special to the Ltader, reports a boiler ex-
rlosion tonight on the oil tract known; ;t as
Patched Run, two miles from Town. !,
driller named Funk was blown over n
steep bank. a distance OF about nineiy ieet
His rightarm vas broken badly, and his
body was laceratea.s Tie had n iniracn,oms
escape iroma horrible death. The boiler
was blown TO atoms, and the engine honse
aud derrick weIe d.s.royed.M q " s. !. ~: ":
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22

81 Dsr.s, July al'-A band OF counter.
IT, 1T"t'' nave been arrested by the police.
u. ,"e,1 names are Wm. Hall, alias Wrinkles;
W w. II, feFFy, alias Weaver, alias Teeny;
peA southern, alias Bennett Clark, alias
Ssa.' Seanet' alias Basset,; Mollie Hall, alias
!. ;SgSi9n, h,i, ana Vim. Anderson. The gang
po,es 1e'evea We 70 be manufacturers Of spurious
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
PcrsonaI nud General Notes.

Special Dispatch to the ln.ellisencer.
WASHINGTON, July 2l.-A postoitice has
beed established at Elswick, Kanawha
county, between Charleston and kendalia.
David +. Fichey has been commissioned
postmaster at Independence, Washington
county, Pa.
Among the late West Virginia arrivals
are 4. W. Lorentz and Alfred T. Shall
cross.
The Baltimore 4 Ohio transcontinental
cable bill is in the hands OF the Secretary
Of State, undergoing inspection prior to it:
final approval by the President
Judge Alex. Rives, OF the Western dis
trict OF Virginia, has rendered his resigna-
ton, to take effect the lst OF August.
An effort is being made to secure ar
amendment to the sundry civil bill to ap
propriate the sum OF $4,000 for the col.
lection OF the statistics OF mines and min
| p.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22

Special Dispatch 10 the In,clliseucer.
WAsnrSGToS, July 2l.-Luther w. Gui.
teau, half brother OF the executed assas-
sin, is the proprietor OF the Farmers and
Merchants Bank at Huron, Mich, and,
judging by letter recently written to q
friend in this city, is man OF much good
sense. He rather inclines to the opinion
that Charles ]. was little off," but differs
as to the judgment Of the court in the mat.
ter, and on that basis admits it 10 have
been lust. O.,i.59aa.- -l
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
The Kenfnckx t,rnnx

LOUISVILLE, ny, July al.-The Farma.'
Home Journal OF Saturday, will contain the
following; The wheat crop in Kentucky,
this year, is surprising expectations. The
threshingtnrns out more wheat than vas t:s ex.
pected. The whole State crop is now esti.
mated tls,OO0, 900 bushels against range
n former crops Of from 1000, 900 TO IL
co., eco bushels. Many farmers in this i'm.
mediate vicinity sold at 81 05, delnerable
on the 10th. Owing 3 to heavy showers
they were AFRAID to thresh, and those who
could not gain an extension in time for
delivery, generally sold to the agents Of
shippers at 81 co. delivered at their
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
THE uuAHp OY AUDIT
To Settle NIL Claims Against the Estate
OF the Late President Garfield.

Special to Dispatch the lnielligencer.
WAsliISGroS, D. c., July ol.-The action
OF the House'in agreeing 10 the amend
ment Of the Senate to the. General De-
fciency bill, providing for Board OF
Audit to settle medical and other claims
growing out OF President Garfield's i'll
ness, will be gratifying news to the whole
country. Too much unbecnmiug talk about
this delicate matter had already been in
dulsed in on the floors OF Congress, and any
attempt to settle the claims without such
references as proposed would have resulted
in scandalous exhibition OF personal
spite, and re-opening in coarse, repul.
siye and vituperative way OF most tragic
story in our annals. By the Board Of Audi.
tors all this can be avoided and the bills
can be adjusted decently and in order.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
1.-The Books Closed

Special Dispatch TO the ln,elhcenccr.
WAsnlSGToS, July 2l.-There is no ques-
tion but what, so far as the District A:tor-
neyship is concerned, the Presidents
choice is liked, and the applicants have
nothing to do but TO wait for its official
promulgation, which will be within very
short time. 1t will only be waste OF
time to attempt any further intercession
with Arthur on the subject. The books
are closed.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22

CFY OF MExico, July al.-The earth.
Vaake on Wednesday was severer in many
. plases than here, especially in thu, south.
~ N ingqla a church is in ruins. In Yante.
peSa church fell, killing four persons, {
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
flOOti. In uoh.,,t.

,'ESsA, July el.-A deluge Of rruin oc- ~
sa''ed in Bohemia and the destruction Of
property and crops is incalculable. The
S.s ales Of torty.seven persons, who were
Sowhet, have been recovered. A larpe
iS7 Of the crop in Bohemia is DESTROYED
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22

,,t L0spoS' July el,-Bndlangh and three
G.s., Gne, defendants connected with the pub.
na''on OF the Fne Thinker, were com.
R,seS .!'eS ior trial on charge Of publishing
SSnspn1eneus Srsl llbels. Bradlaueh was subse.
Saently admitted TO bail in fioo 80 - 'e -.
The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1882-07-22
DIncrentInI Rnfes,

New YORK, July 2l.-The Advisory
Commission is understood to have made
up its report on the matter Of diiferential
rates. A meeting was held yesterday at
which the report is said to have been pre-
sented, 57.a. g