davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16


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Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16
Training Colts and Calves to Lead.

cgr~spouisuo' of Practical Farmer.
The first attempt 10 discipline a
young animal is TO teach it To stand
while tied, and 10 lead with the hal.
ter. 4 calf should be taken from
the COW quite young and tied up; a
strap with a buckle being placed
around its neck. 4 ring should be
fastened 10 the strap, and light
chain with a swivel in il fastened t.
the ring by means OF snap.hOok.
The calf will not chew nor suck the
chain rs II would n strap or rope,
AID this annoying trick will not he
learned. 1t can turn about as much
as it plcascs without twisting the
chain and strangling itself 1T should
he led 10 the COW twice day 10 suck,
for three or four days, when il may
he taught 70 drink, and altogether
wcaned If desirable. Some patience
will be required 70 teach it TO lead,
hut in n very short time, If properly
managed, it will learn what is wanted,
and be no trouble. The best way TO
start a calf or a colt 10 lead is To
stand by its side, aud slowly, but
firmly, pull its head towards you.
This will cause IL TO step its feet u
keep from falling, and 10y continuing
the movement II soon learns TO step
around, and can soon be thought to
lead without even learning u pull
with all its strength at the rope. try
ing to get away. Those who have
not tried this method Of trying u
teach calves and colts to lead. will bc
astonI,hcd 10 see how much easier it
u than the old way of trying TO lead
them straight forward from the b,.-
ginning. In attempting u pull them
forward, Of course they pull back
with all their strength; but in pull.
lug sideways, slowly aud firmly, they
can offer very little resistance, and
"a keep from falling they step. aud 80,
IN a very short time, they learn tu
step as fast As the rope is drawn. 1t
j. desirable and necessary at times to
lead a hcifcr or COW. aud unless bruk-
en and trained when young, difficulty
is experienced in doing 20. Colts
should be trained to remain tied up
while their dams are at work; hut
should be loo~encd and allowed t.
run with them both in the stable and
IN the pasture. Much after trouble
may be spared 10y preventing a colt
from running around and getting
into mischief, which it is liable To do,
by having halter for it ani training
Il 10 lead at will, or 10 stand tied
when that is most suitable.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16

IN trimming small trees ore thing
should never he lost sight OF, that i,
that the trunks should never be e.
posed 10 the hot sun.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16

The soluble and in=nluble organic
matter contain COO 90 Of nitrogen,
equal 10 .735 uf dnmoHia and here
we must pause liltlc. for this am.
monia is the mnst useful, rs it is the
most costly, pf all the constituents
OF our manurcs.
You saw that the organic or burn.
able matter of plants was divided
into two groups, one of which was
distinguished from the other by its
containing nitrogen When animal
or vegetable substances containing
nitrogen are dccomposcd, whether hy
burning or decay. ammonia is formed,
which consists of nitrogen and by.
drogcn il is very volatile, and high
~ pungent-- smelling salts are car
bonate of ammonia, and you know
how they bite when fresh, and how
quickly, if the cork Is left out of the
bottle, they lose their power.
The fermentation of dung, then,
may be described as decay. brought
ON by the decomposing influence of
the heterogeneous matters present.
whereby the non-nitrogcnous matters
present also undergo fermentation.
Ammonia IL formed from the nitro.
genous matters Of the manure and
carbonic acid, or some OF the organic
acids, such as the uimic or humic
acids, from the non-nitrogenous mat.
ters, and the value Of the manure de.
pends vastly on which OF these acids
IL formed. II the heap is allowed TO
get dry and hot, carbonic acid II pro.
duced, and combining with the am
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16
Glover tho Best Manure.

"Clover seed is the best manure
that a farmer can use" All plants
draw much OF their food from the
atmosphere, and of those used in
agriculture none are exceeded by
clover in the large proportion of nu-
triment thus derived. In this re.
spect other leguminous crops are
much like red clover. Here We in.
clude all the clovers, vetches. beans,
peas. saintiOin, lupins, and lucerne or
alfalfa.
To keep up the fertiGty Of our soil
we must restore To it phosphoric acid,
potash, nitrogen and other substances
which are found in farm crops. or
the three very important and vslua.
bile substances just named nitrogen is
the most precious anil costly 70 OBJ.
tain. In various places there are
abundant supplies of potash and
phosphoric acid. As may I've said,
these are sin sight" Agricultural
chemists are now studying on the
problem Of the future supply OF nj.
trogen for agricultural purposes. So
far, clover seems to be the important
factor in this problem.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16
Farm Yard Manure.
Canada Agricultural Golr,,ce.

Cah'ha Agricultural Duf"lt"".
Manures may be defined as added
plant.food. They are of various kinds,
but may be simply divided into OF.
ganic and inorganic, just like the
natural plant-food in the land. The
most usual form of manure, is flrm
yard dung; which, as you all know,
Is composed Of the liquid and solid
objections OF animals mixed with the
straw, or other substance, which is
used for litter. This mixture il good
or bad in proportion 10 the quality Of
the food supplied 10 the animals, and
To the care used in the preparation.
IT the cattle eat straw alone. the dung
will be poor, almost valuclcss if
roots bc added to the food, the ina.
uurc viii bc much richer; II gram.
Ilnsced, or the refuse of the oil-mill-
(cakr) he given, the dung will be
highly valuable and If the liquid or
drinc DC preserved, added TO tue solid
manure, and the whole preserved
from too much or too little moisture.
perfection will be arrived at.
In other countries, where farming
has been long carried out 10 very
high degree Of perfection, and where.
ia consequence, sheep are made the
mniustay Of the farmer, certain crop,
trc sOwn expressly for the supply oi
those animals, aud the crops bcin.
consumed in the place where they
grow, the liquid and solid cXcrcm"nt-
are Immediately covered by the plow.
and NIL expense of carting, a. we'll A.
all loss, Is avoided.
The management Of farm yard ina.
nurc is a most important point in
carrying on a farm. IL contains all
things necessary for the growth o:
every description OF plant. IL j.
necessary that care should be taken
70 mix the cxCrcmcnts OF all the dll.
fcrent sorts OF stock, and for this
reason: the dung of the horse is hot
liIat of the horned animals cod ami
that Of the pig between the two.
Therefore, they would not heat equal.
~ IN tue heap, unless the distrIbu.
llon were equal, and the temperature
aud fermentation would be difficult -
control.
1t Is clear enough, that If the ina.
nurc in It's fresh aud green state were
carried out daily, spread, and imme.
Ilatcly piowci ~, a- IL the case with
the sheep, there would be no loss. and
the crops would receive the full bene.
tit OF the planLioud it contains.
For YOU must not imagine that the
fermentation or rotilng of heap OF
dung adds any thing 10 it, contents
on the contrary, however carefully II
i managed, some loss must TAX"
place. Manure is rOitcd for two rca.
-ou-: first, because the heat of the
fermentation destroys the seeds and
roots of weeds: secondly. because
the dung is thereby prepared, or
cooked, for immediate action on the
plants. Plowcd in, the same process
ul cooking would, sooner or later.
take place; but months would elapsc
before the change occurred, and, in
The meantime, the crops would be-
'apinV after their food, close TO them.
but unavailable.
lUu may ike TO know what you
are putting on your fields, when you
i've them dressing Of good mixed
farm yard manure, well fcrmcnled
nd well preserved |.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16

The true principle OF farming is
always 10 keep ahead OF the work.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16

RASPBERRY and blackberry vines,
if they have not been pinched back
during the summer, when in a grow.
ing condition. mast be cut back nov.
Long canes are useless, as the most
valuable fruit-bearing spurs break
from the ends Of the cane, and as
pretty general rule the lower they are
cut the stronger the side shoots will
pnsh, and consequently the finer the
fruit.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16

A LAND fairly started lie sheep
half raised
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1882-03-16

~ Printing done in the best style, on
short notice and at the lowest rates.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1882-08-10
More FIesh-Less Fat.

A man s appetite frequently has much
to do with his opinions. Forty years
ago, when labor was a pleasure, we
cared not how much fat was mixed with
the flesh of beef. Our digestive organs
were equal to any demands upon the
system Less activity has wrought
sympathy for the sedentary and the dys-
peptic. The largest portion of the beef
eaters cannot eat or digest the Jumps of
tallow ON our fatted beeves. Nearly
half of the weight is tallow, and is to-
tai waste. Hence there is a demand
for beef for city consumption in the
United States and Europe with more
flesh and less fat. And the inquiry has
become so earnest that breeders and
feeders are beginning to heed the de-
mand Even our English customers
complain that American beef is made
too much of corn and too little Of grass.
The only way to obviate this complaint
is to raise more blue grass and less corn
And the pastures should be so arranged
that growing steers can have the adj
vantage of It in winter as well as sum-
mer. Corn is not to be repudjated as
the food or finish of cattle. Nor is it TO
be denied that it is flesh as well as tat
producing article of diet. But cattle
raised mainly on sweet. tender grass,
nave greater pIOpOAIoH u HS5ii'
than when fed mainly on corn. The
complaint cannot be remedied altogeth-
er by the change of food 1t must be
largely aided by the breeder in select
ing stock inclined to large amount OF
iuicy flesh and less bone and fat Oir
soil and water saturated with lime is
calculated to produce larger bones. 50
breeders must iudieiously select small
boned and well fIeshed animals. We
have always contended that the profes-
sion of stock breeding meant something,
and if il IS not employed to improve IN
every way, the business should be aban-
doned, and those men called thorough
bred cattle raisers. This is a serious
question to consumers, and we plead
for more tender, juicy flesh and smaller
piles of tailow with our beef.-I0lCa
State Register.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1882-08-10
Hired Help.

Much has been written and many diff
ferent plans proposed as to the best and
most economical plan of hiring neces-
sary help about the farm. The old say
ing, 9 if you want job half done, send;
if well done, go yourself" is very apph-
cable at the farm, but, alas for human
endurance! there are times when on an
ordinary farm no one man can begin to
keep up with the work to be done, and
the farmer is obliged to look to some
one else. On many of the larger farms
only two, and many times three or four,
hands are kept busy all the year around,
and especially is this the case where
much stock is kept, and where it is the
rule to feed all that is raised on the
farm and sell the products in condensed
FORMS Where this is the case hiring
by the year is best, as by that means
you are not expecting a change at the
end of every month, your help gets
better and better posted as to your way
of working and manners of feeding and
attending to your stock, while the help,
knowing he is sure of his place, takes
more interest in his work and is better
satisfied and will look more to the in
terest of his employer than if he were
only working by the month. He soon
understands what is required of him,
and is better prepared to perform his
part.
On large farms where help is required
continuously the surest and most relia-
BILE help is obtained by having men with
families, furnishing them with small,
comfortable house and a garden patch
and paying them by the year. Labor
ers of this class are, as a rule, better
content, less likely to want to change,
nv vii
look more to their employers inter-
ests, as they know that their living and
that of their families depend upon their
faithful performance of their work and
onthe success of their employers finan-
cially.
Day help is generally the dearest of
all, as the laborer demands higher
wages where he works by the day than
if he is working by the month or year.
Then he has no interest except to put
in the time as easily as possible, as he
has no assurance of anything further
when night comes. hence he does not
accomplish as much as if employed per-
manently. Then, generally speaking,
the class who go around working by the
day are those who have not been able
to secure work by the month or year
generally the poorest of the laboring
classes as regards ability and willing
ness to work. This is not always the
case as circumstances sometimes com
pei the best of hands to be working by
the day. A good, reliable hand can
generally obtain steady work with very
little trouble, and if he has a reputa-
ton for doing good. honest work, he
will find very little difficulty in securing
work by theyear or month.-COT. RatrGt
Ne1D Yorker
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1882-08-10
Pickles and Picking.


The number Of questions which come
to us every summer on the subject of
pickles, is very great. The purpOrt of
a majority of these is: +" How can we
put up pickles to look ike those sold in
Jars at the storesP'' The fine appear
ance of these pickles in hotties, is due
to two things: They are made green
by the use Of copper, and the vinegar is
eolorless. 1t is called " White-wine
vinegar" but is really made from
whiskey. So far as health goes, this
vinegar is as wholesome as any other,
but it is entirely lacking in the pleasant
odor and taste Of cider vinegar Hand
some pickles can not be made with
cider vinegar, but they are a great deal
better. The pickles are greened by
soaking them to free them from salt, in
copper vessel, or most generally by
tate of copper As we do not advise
the making of pickles green by this
process, we do not give the details.
Such pickles should not be bought, and
ought not to be sold. Serious results
may follow the continued use of even
the minute quantity of copper these
handsome pickles contain.
At the pickle-factories, the owners
contract with the growers for cucumbers
of a size that may be agreed upon, at
a fixed price per thousand If the size
is small. the vines must be looked over
every day or two. Whatever the size,
they must Away be cut from the vines,
with the stems left on them. at the
factories they are placed in large wood
en- watts, using half a bushel OF salt, to
five bushels of cucumbers, with water
enough to cover them. In sailing them
for home use, an ordinary whiskey or
alcohol barrel may be used, removing
one head, and making a follower of
boards, 10 keep the cucumbers under
the brine. The cucumbers are placed
in the barrel as they are picked, and
salt sprinkled among them. When the
barrel is half full, add water to cover
the cucumbers; as more are ad-
ded, use more salt, and water if
needed, to cover them, using half
a bushel of salt to the barrel. When
full, head up the barrel, knock out the
bung, and fill mp completely with water
In tight barrels cucumbers in brine of
this strength will keep for long time.
In sailing small quantities, a brine
strong enough to float potato may be
poured over the cucumbers, placed in a
jar or key. 1t takes about a month for
the brine to thoroughly penetrate them,
and make them fit for putting into vim
egar. For family use most persons pre-
fer the cucumbers rather larger than
those sold in bottles; whatever the size
fixed upon, it is desirable to have all in
the same lot as nearly of size as pos
sible.
The following vegetables may be salt
ed In the same manner: Green tomatoes,
string beans, green peppers, martynias
(taken when very tender), and unripe
melons with the contents removed
through hole made in the side. Pep
pers have a slit made in them to admit
the brine into the interior. At the
pickle-factories, great care is taken to
use only the purest salt; that contain
ing lime is said to cause decay. Coarse
salt in crystals is the best. american
A0TicztLtgtrist
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1882-08-10
The Lawyers Trade.

$50 I am doomedP' said the client,
just found guilty Of murder in the first
degree and condemned to be hanged.
. Guiltyp HangedPn howled the law
year. s'What arc you talking about
Evidently you have never been tried be-
fore for murder"
No, . said the prisoner ssthis is my
first offense.' y
"Why, man, said the lawyer, ''the
thing has but just commenced. Being
found guilty is now by the law consid-
cred only the preliminary stage of a
criminal trial. y
"But what will you do nowPn
"DoP You have twelve or fourteen
chances for life, y said the lawyer.
First-Application for a new trial.
{" Second-Stay of proceedings.
/" Third-We shall find some new wit
nesses who will prove that you are quite
another man as compared with what
you were when you committed the deed.
Fourth-There are forty-five excep-
tons to the rulings of the court.
I" Fifth-If these fail we shall clap on
a certiorari.
g Sixth-If that fails we shall try the
old habeas corpus.
Seventh-Then there is the Insanity
dodge. That opens new field alto
gether for saving your neck. We can
make you insane. / have in reserve n
corps of experts who can make any
body out insane. Sentence you to the
asylum, you know, for life, and let you
out by the back door in less than a year,
when the public has forgotten all about
the case.
g Multiplication the Executive for
pardon.
Tenth-The writs in reserve.
There's the writ of corporations auro-
ra borealis. Do you understand Latin ?''
Prisoner Not a Latin.''
Lawyer that fails there's the
writ of pulcherimus ano masculinibus,
which means it is sin, anyway, to hang
a lovable white man-like yourself
Then there's the writ of nil desperan-
dunn in quandary, which means any port
in a storm. SeeP"
Prisoner-'I don't see exactly. But
know you must be learned man, and
know there's heap of power in them
there wTits. How muchP"
Lawyer-"Well, it costs heavily to
get them out, especially those last
named, for they are the choice and fancy
varieties. A thousand dollars will
smooth things and procrastinate the
gallows for the present"
Prisoner Judge, $500 is all / can
raise just now. Won't that answerP"
Lawyer-''For half the time mention
ed, yes. You are saved for six months. -
IN. Y. Graphic.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1882-08-10

in strength, the golden color conferred
in a single spot upon the horizon, and
then, in majesty undiminished since
first the world began, the sun arosei it
was morning!
Filled with new life and courage, Ned
turned his eyes from the glorious east
and looked towards his enemy, and be-
hold the horrid phantom of the dark
ness was gone, and in its place there
stood, black and friendly, with open
mouth and wagging tail, not pam
Their but Jim Harrington's old dog
Major.
Joining in the search for the lost bali
the day Before, the animal had wan
dered deep into the swamp and missed
his master; then meeting Ned as he
journeyed homeward he had followed
him, and dog-like had waited all night
at his post, no doubt wondering in his
canine way why his new friend
sought so damp couch, but faith
full to the end. Ned's parents had
supposed their son to be with his
friends, his friends supposed him safe
at home, and so it was that no search
had been made for him. But the story
of the night vigil in the cranberry
swamp was too good to keep a secret,
and the boy himself told it when home
was reached, SO that l have violated no
trust in giving the tale to the public
n E Hamilton, an Christian Union.
The Bolivar bulletin. [volume] (Bolivar, Hardeman County, Tenn.) 1865-1888, 1882-08-10
Pleasant Remedy for TOOthache.

DIR. T. G. Osborn, in the Medical Brief,
states that his cook came to him with
swollen cheek, asking for something to
re lieve the toothache with which she
had been suffering all night. He was
on the point of sending her to a dentist
when it occurred to him that there was
in the house a vial Of compound tinoture
of benzOin.
s'After cleaning the decayed tooth"
he says, q saturated a pledget of
cotton lint with the tincture, and packed
it well into the cavity, hoping this would
suffice for the time, and told her to come
back in two or three hours if she was
not relieved. l was turning away, when
she said it might not be necessary, per-
haps, as the pain was already gone.
Surprising her faith had a large share in
the relief, / would not allow myself to
think that the medicine had anything to
do with the cure anymore than so much
hot water would have had. But when I
arrived at my office two other patients
were awaiting me with the same affiic-
ton, and / determined, by way of ex-
pertinent, to use the same remedy. To
my agreeable surprise, both patients de-
clared themselves Immediately relieved,
and begged vial of the tincture for
future use. During the winter a num-
Der of similar cases applied, and were
instantly relieved with the same treat
ment. all expressing much satisfaction
with the remedy. In December l told
my druggist of the discovery, and rec
commended him to sell it to any person
applying for 'toothache drops This,
he reports, he has done, and that every
one seems delighted with the medi-
cine.''
The reader should remember that
benzOin is a resinous substance obtained
from the StyrGr beaazoin, a tree of the
East Indies, having fragrant odor and
an aromatic taste. 1t should not be con-
founded with benzole, benzine or any
preparation from petroleum. = Prairie
Et03,777oy.