davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

A Hollidaysburg lady has in her employ
a domestic who but lately landed ON our
side of the ocean. She is very industrious,
and endeayors TO push the house work in
place of letting the work push her. The
other day the house was discovered filled
with esq., On investigation I, Was discover
ed that fi.e gss burners had all been turned
on. The girl rss interrocsted. and In reply
told her mistress that having . little spare
time she had turned on the gas 50 as to lose
no time when told to light up.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
Bookseller, Somerset, Ps

To CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERs.-We wish
to say that We are now prepared to furnish
the best white lime, calcined plaster and ce
ment, in five to ten barrel lots, at prices les.
than city quotations, local freight added
Notice our prices elsewherein local column
of this paper.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

MEAT MARKET.-Main Street.-We have
just added large Refrigerator 70 our Meat
Market in which all meats can be kept cool
and clean. Mutton. Beef, Pork, DC, kept
constantly on hand. Open daily. Parties
buying mea; can have it kept in the Refrig-
orator until wanted.
We ,lave, also, 5000 new brick for sale,
which we will sell by the hundred or thous-
and At low price.
Ross DAVIS 4 Co.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

A LoSs SNoozE.-Rip Van Wrinkle slept a
good while, yet had his sleep occurred about
80 years ago, when Downs Elixir first at
tanned its reputation, on awaking he would
have been able to recognize this friend of
the afflicted, and might have taken another
twenty years nap, and walked up to find
Downs Elixir at the end of half century,
the most popular and the best Cough REM
edy known. Also, Baxters Bitters for Bill
ious diseases, not so old, but good.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Why is the rush always so great at j. B.
Snyder & Co.'S Because they sell the cheap
est, and are getting new goods every day
Their goods are always fresh and nice. and
they are an obliging set of boys. Call and see
them once, and you win always make that
your place of dealing. They take any kind
Of produce in exchange for goods.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Wild pigeons have Il nesting place in Elk
county. Large numbers are now congre-
gated there, and, il is said, that hunters are
staying and trapping them by thousands.
There is law in Pennsylvania against the
ruthless destruction Of pigeons in their nest
ing places. Would it not be well TO enforce
that law in Elk county?
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The American House, at Ursina, was de-
stroyed by fire on Friday night. The house
had not beer occupied for some time, it be-
ing put in repair. and it is thought that one
Of the workmen careiessly threw a match
near some paint and turpentine, from which
il limited
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

In another column will be found the card
of Mr.. Jesse Hoover, announcing himself
as candidate at the coming primary for the
Office OF Poor House Director. There are
only three nominations to be made at the
primary. which takes place on Saturday, the
oath of June. two persons for members OF
the Legislature and one for Poor House Di-
rector. Up to date Mr.. Hoover is the only
aspirant who has made his candidacy known
TO the public.
Since the above was in type We have the
announcements of W. S. Morgan. of Jenner
township, and John A. Walter, of Somerset
borough, as a candidates for the Legislature.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The motion for new trial in the Cof'roth
libel case was argued before Judges Baer.
Collins. and Snyder on Monday afternoon.
After hearing lengthy arguments from both
sides. the court refused TO grant new trial,
and sentenced the defendants to pay fine
of twenty-five dollars and the costs Of pros
ecution.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The new postal law now makes the tax
ing of newspaper and the refusal to pay
for the same, theft, and any person guilty of
such an act is liable to criminal proceed
ings, the same as if he had stolen goods to
the amount of the subscription.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

ATTENTION, SMOKERS Am DEALERs.--I
have Just purchased and am offering for
sale the best for sets. cigar ever sold in
town. Smokers will please give me call.
Country merchants will also find it to their
advantage to buy their cigars from me, for
can sell them per cent. cheaper than
they can buy elsewhere, and save them the
freight. Please give me trial. A first
class for set cigar for $3.50.
ALBERT REcK,
Somerset, Pa.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Mr.. Foster Walter, a fireman on the s. &
c. Railroad, in jumping from his engine the
other week struck the cap of his knee against
an iron bar. Several days later erysipelas
set in. and !; is feared he may loose his leg.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
CHERIFF'S SALE.

BY virtue Of n certain writ OF vend. Ex., issued
out OF the Court Of Common Pleas OF Somerset
Co.. Pa, and tf me directed, there will be exposed
to public sale, at tho Court House, In Somerset,
Pa, on
Friday, June 18th, 1882,
ct O'Clock D. NJ all the right, title interest and
claim Of the defendant, Daniel ID. Miller and
Franklin Rhoads terre tenant, of, In and to the
following real estate, situate In Somerset town.
ship, Somerset county, Pa, containing u acres
and 81 perches strict measure, adjoining lands OF
Henry Bsrndt, Samuel Berkey, George J. Swank
and others, having thereon erected . story and q
half dwelling house, barn and other outbuildings,
with the appurtenances.
Taken in execution At the suit Of Adam Aires
man.
NoricE-All persons purchasing at the above
sale will please take notice that part Of the pur
chase money-to be made known at the time Of
sale-will be required ~ soon as the property Is
knocked down, otherwise It Will be again exposed
TO sale st the risk Of the first purchaser. The
residue Of the purchase money must be paid on or
before Thursday Of the frst week Of August Court,
the time fixed BY the Court for securing the ac-
knowledgment Of deeds, and no deed will be ac-
knowledged until the purchase money IL paid in
full. JOHN j. SPANGLER,
SnERIYp's OFrrcK, Sheriff.
Nav nd 1852
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Think of it! Mems full stock, half dou-
fine buttoned or lace shoes at sl.37; ladies'
fine kid button or lace shoes at 50 cents a
pair; carpet slippers at 81 cents; infants
button shoes at 81 cents; best sole leather at
"a cents per pound. The largest, cheapest
and best selection of shoes in the county
just received at Panic. Nowag's cheapstore,
Berlin, Pa
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Sol Uhl wishes to inform the public that
he has in stock larger and more complete
stock of boots and shoes than ever before.
These goods were purchased when the mar
ket was low, and will be sold at prices that
will astonish the Jews. Cali and see him
before purchasing elsewhere. No. Man,
moth Block
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

5. L. Trent. Esq, will orate at Latrobe on
Decoration Day. The ceremonies will be
conducted under the auspices of the Post of
the Grand Army Of the Republic at that
place. and Mr.. Trent will be the guest OF
the Post
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Wm. S. Morgan informs us that his en-
tire stock of finished goods was saved from
the fire by being stored in separate build
ing, and his agents expect to visit and trade
with all his customers in this county as
usual
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

ELEGANCE AND PuRrTy.-Ladies who ap
preciate elegance and purity are using Par
ker's Hair Balsam. 1t is the best article
sold for restoring gray hair TO its original
color. beauty and lustre.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

SAVE TINE, SAVE MONEY, SAVE TROUBLE,
and go East, South and West via the old re-
St. Louis and Chicago. Only one change of
cars to Kansas City and Atchison. For
maps. time tables. tickets and all informa-
ton in regard to routes call on or address
Z. Z. PATTON,
Pass. Agent, Somerset, Pa.
All information free. Office at Depot.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The Scranton Republican relates that as a
WilEesbarre man took his seat in the bar
ter's chair, he asked the barber if he had
the same razor he had used the day before.
Being answered affirmatively the patient
man said, Then give me chloroform"
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Mrs. William Kregar and family started
for Grand Rapids, Iowa, on Monday morn
ing. They expect to spend several months
in visiting friends and relatives in Grand
Rapids and other places in the west.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
MARRIED.

BOWER-WENDELL.-on May IS, at
the residence of Albert Baldwin. in Fried
ems, by Rev. J. J. Welch, Mr. VIM. Bowers,
of New York, and Miss yenie Wendell, of
this county.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Last Thursday, Ascension Day, was pretty
generally observed as a holiday by the
workingmen in this vicinity. The banks
of our different streams were lined with
fishermen during the greater part of the
day
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

There has been considerable rivalry in
county for some time past, but it is now an
indisputable fact that Sol Uhl lead the van
in that line. He has the largest and finest
stock of both foreign and homemade boots
and shoes in Somerset county, and sells
hundreds of pairs where Others sell a single
pair. Call and see him before purchasing
elsewhere.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The spring trade will not last always, and
our advertising columns will not be so
crowded as they are at present. Meanwhile
read the advertisements and call to see our
friends when you come TO town.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
NOTICE
A DMINIsTRAToR's NOTICE.

Estate of Jacob Ripple decd. late Of q Quemahon-
ing Township, Somerset County, Pa,
Letters OF administration on the above estate
having been granted TO the undersigned, by
the proper authority, notice is hereby given
to those indebted to II to make Immediate pay
ment, and those having claims or demands will
please present them duly authenticated for set
house Of the deceased Ia Hooversyille.
LEVI RIPPLE,
aprls Administrator.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
- . -

HEApouARTEEs FOR MAeKEREL FIsH.-Ws
have in stock, direct from the Atlantic
coast, car load XXX Shore No. 2 Macker
ell, all full weight packages, consisting Of
Barrels. zoe lbs: Halves, 100 lbs. Quarters
so lbs. and Kits Is lbs, exclusive of pack
ages, salt and brine. Now is the time tc
buy them at fair prices for cash. or in ex.
change for country produce.
Respectfully,
f,.u 4 Rrxxsrs
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Bend Or, Krupp Gun, Fellowplay, Capias,
Churchill, Washburn, Glidelia and all the
noted runners at the Pittsburgh Park, May
3Oth and 3lst, June lst and 2nd. Races
commence at 2:30 p. III. each day.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

exhibit in this place, and We advise our
people to look out for the ''sharpers" who
travel with such concerns and fleece the un-
wary
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Saturday was an unusually quiet day for
our merchants, tn ere being but few country
people in town.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, TAKE NorIcE.-l
have for sale wild cat and fox scalp blank
affidavits for use of justices of the peace
Also, full line of all kinds of blanks used
by justices and constables. Orders by mai
promptly attended to.
CHAe III FISHER
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

J. NJ. Holderbaum & Sons invite every
body to come and see their new room, new
goods, new prices. New goods coming in
everyday.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
Cook & BEERIrs.

IMPORTANT To BUILDERS. offer at our
warehouse or on track Somerset station, in
five to ten barrel lots,
White Lime, per barrel, Sl.65
Calcined Plaster, per barrel, 2.G0
Cement, per barrel, 200
Quality guaranteed.
Coor 4 EFFptrs
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

w met quite number of pedestrians on
the streets Sunday night with lanters. all be
cause the street lamps were not lighted
Why are things thusly?
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The finest assortment of Watches Clocks,
Jewelry, Silyer-plated Ware, Spectacles,
Eye Glasses, ever brought to Somerset coun-
ty at f. McDowelrs.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

I'm sitting on the style, Mary" was the
remark he maze to his wife as he sat on her
new spring bonnet.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Notwithstanding the late frosts and
freezes the peach blossoms are We, alive in
this vicinity
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Strawberries are ripening. and festivals
will sooii be in order.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

ALWAYS REfREsHISG.-A delicious odor
is impaired by Florestou Cologne. which is
always refreshing, no matter how freely
used.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Bengal. winner ofthe Blue Ribbon Stakes
at Lexington. at the Pittsburgh park, May
3oth and 3lst. June 1st and I'd. Start at
2:3Op. m. each day.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The friends of Gen. Beaver turned out
two thousand strong to welcome him to his
home after the nomination.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

this county, aud James N. Cook appointed
postmaster
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

We are reliably informed that the grad
ing, etc. for the South Pennsylvania Rail-
road will be advertised for contract on the
18th inal
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

A paper called the East End Ga-ette NOR
alizes thusly: Here we have glass OF
bock-beer, May day hair-raiser. 1t is
called book because when you drink
about six glasses, you think you have swal-
lowed windmill and circular saw in full
motion. Book is German for billy-goat, but
what business billy-goat has to do with a
beer glass we cannot imagine. Book beer is
fomated in brewery, and the man who
drinks it pays fiye cents glass for the foam
and gets thimble full of beer at the bottom
of the glass thrown in. The whole thing
is about as tangible as cloud with a fringe
of embroidered sunshine. Besides if a man
drinks too much and gets noisy he is thrown
out, and the chances are that in short
time he is thrown into graveyard and
eventually goes to a resort below where
even beer comes high Therefore, we say,
look not upon the book when it is young
and frisky or when it is old and bald-head-
ell. 1t always manages to get the best OF
you in the end"
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The Grand Army is working earnestly
everywhere to have the memorial services
on Decoration Day more elaborate than
usual.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Geo. w. Pile, chairman of the county
committee, is the representative of Somer-
set county on the Republican State COM
mittee.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Shipments of Westmoreland and Somer-
set county Goals have recently been made
from Baltimore to the Havana Cuba gas
light company.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

If the weather should prove favorable on
Friday there will probably be an immense
crowd of people in town TO attend the cir
Gus.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Call and see our fine line of cashmeres.
from Is to 50 cents per yard: silk warps LIS
to 81 50; lawns 8 to l2i cents at Holder
baum's
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

To plant shade frees does not cost much
aud adds greatly 10 the beauty of your
premises.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Vennor is more than half right in regard
70 the May weagir thus far.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

pel's hitch your horses to shade trees.
This act is illegal and may compel you to
pas costs.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

A good warm, soaking rain fell in this
section on Sunday night. causing vegetation
to advance wonderfully.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

Sixty kegs Of Hollidaysburg nails, the
best nail made, just received at Holder
haum's-
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
PUBLIc SALE
OF VALUABLE REAL ESTATE.

The undersigned Administrators and trustee:
for the sale OF the real estate OF Matthias Shaulis
decd, late OF Somerset township. Somerset coun
ty Pa will offer for sale at public oatcry. at the
home Of the deceased, on
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The annual examination at the Indian
training school at Carlisle will take place
during the latter part of this month. AT
the close of the school term, the larger boys
and girls will be sent to the country and
placed in the care of respectable farmers,
mechanics or manufacturers with view of
perfecting them in a knowledge of the Eng
lish language and the white mans mode of
living. Among the boys are some very good
carpenters, blacksmiths, timers, bakers,
hammer-makers, wagon-makers, farmers,
etc, while many of the girls are very handy
with the needle and at all kinds of house
work They are of ages from stalwart men
down to little children. They are gentle,
obedient and industrious. A hundred or
more of them were placed in families last
year, and they were almost without excep-
ton highly commended by their employers.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

The Harrisburg Telegraph speaking of the
South Pennsylvania Railroad says. The en-
gineers have been over this road, that por-
ton of it which will connect at Dauphin
with the Reading railroad, for the purpose of
arranging for the letting of the contract
which will be done about the last of May
or middle of June The importance of this
road as an outlet to the Reading company
is beyond calculation, and when once ac-
complishcd, will entirely change the char
acter of that railroad from q mere local road
to one with connections reaching to all parts
of the country by direct lines. The road
has been located overtwo-thirds from Rock
Vile to Wheeling. Mr.. William +. Skunk,
of this city, the engineer in charge, has been
in the field greater part of the time. We
also see it stated that some of the New York
papers announce that advertisements for the
letting of the road will appear in the papers
on the 2sth inst. Everything we can learn
concerning the road indicates that work will
be pushed along as rapidly as possible
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
Saturday, June Sd, 1882,

DutoSuuy VUHc ous ACc%-
at o'clock p. m, the following described real es
tate:
No. l. The homestead being the 1ne farm OF
the deceased-containing 1i7 acres and 81 perches.
more or less; adjoining lands OF Henry Long Da-
about l2o acres cleared. with good o1tbuildinzs
and fine fruit, that make this very desirable
property.
perchee more less, with about 90 acres sleared
ad Joining iands Of Peter Hefiey. Henry Boyts,
two miles north Of Somerset borough. at the Jen-
ner road, and are both In high etate OF cultiva-
ton with good farm buildings, nne fruit. etc.
No g. A tract OF land or farm 10 Jefferson Tp.,
containing 20l and "a perches, more or less
with about 70 acres cleared adjoining lands Of
Samuel Barclay, John kcoser. Abe Howard,
Nicholas Beck and others. This 10 q fine timber
tract and good farming land, with IN abundance
Of limestone and ceal on the premises.
No. L. A piece Of land, containing one half acre.
more or less being nearly all underiaid with lime
stone !; adjoining tract No: 8.
Persons desiring to purchase any OF tnsee prop
critics should examine them before day Of sale, as
they will be ssld to the highest and best bidder.
TERMS
One-third cash; one-tbird to remain lien In
paid annually to the widow OF the deceased; the
balance in three equal annual payments IRON
date Of SALE All to b secured by judgment ex-
emption notes ON the premises. Twenty per cent
Of the hand money IL to be paid on the day Of the
sale.
For any fnrther Information, call upon John H.
Uhi. Esg, the attorney; n o. the ge9eFs'gned- Err
REGINA SHAULIS,
mayl0 Administrators and Trustees
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

We, the undersignsd Auditors Of Somerset bof-
oagh, do hereby certify that We have examined
and audited the accounts and vouchers Of the
foregoing statement and have found them cor
rect.
witness our hands and seals
Attest
CHAs. G. SgAyEx, Clark.
PARKER TRENT, Il 8.
JNO N. SNYDER, Il.
n. J. PRITTS, II. 81
maya Auditors.
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24

o.i, two more nights to sleep Til the cir
.,,s
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24
MARKET REPORT

Corrected weekly by r. Beatty, Son & Co.,
Wholesale Produce Commission Merchants, Pitts
burgh Pa,
The Somerset herald. [volume] (Somerset, Pa.) 1870-1936, 1882-05-24


EXCLUSION RArEs-Don't fail TO come and
~ our complete stock of goods before buy
I ing elsewhere. A large assortment of dress
goods, shawls. etc, clothing, hats. boots
and shoes, etc, all going at excursion rates
Holderbaum's
LssD PLAsrEg-We offer Baugh & Sons's 5
Nova Scotia Land Plaster, pulverized and
ready for use, at sl.5oper bag of 200 pounds,
which IS less than manufacturers price. To-
cal irslght added. Respectfully,
Cook 4 BEERITs.
PHosPHArE.-We offer Baugl & Sons
Double Eagle Phosphates, the best on the
market, at 50 90 per bag Of 200 pounds. or
Us 90 per ton of ten bags-the latter quota
hon being 50 90 per ton less than manuiac-
'urcrs price-local freight added.
Respectfully. Cook & BEERITs.
Persons ia need Of good, strong, ,,durable
s"les. must needs go 10 the Mammoth Boot
-nd Shoe store Of Sol Uhl 10 bry them He
"a the largest stock Of boots and Shoes in
rae county. and sells them at prices far be-
Pow competition. Ifyou don't believe il call
''i'd see hina. at No. 4 Mammoth Block.
soxfxET Book sToRE--Nr Fisher, of the
'aok Store. announces new this week eie-
pant Scrap Pictures. beautiful Birthday
.srds. cut and scolloped ceiling and shelf
Ily Paper, No. Gospel Hymns, Family
7'eies, Marion Harisnd's Cook Book. Har-
3 ers Leslies and scribner's Magazines. Sea-
De Libraries.
sEssiBLE ADslcE.-Do not allov skep,i
'm to overrule your better Judgment when
article ofirue merit is placed before you.
You are dyspcfic or your kidneys and Iiv-
are affected. 6elsy mo longer: procure a
''e ofs~edish Bitiers, the infallible rem
y IL ~iil do more for you than we can
about H. see advertisement and festi-
"nial in this paper.