davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
ElRNIyGS OF THE RE4DNG COMPANIES

PHILADELPHIA, May 21.-The gross receipts
Of the Philadelphia and Ee ldns Railroad IN April we're
- 7O97I21s; expenses. excluding rentals, Sl,O29'
63s 81 leaving profit for the month Of F6sOO73 Il
The ro-s receipts OF the Coal and Iron Company were
S9-999l H. and expenses. excluding interest
-g61 7j3 81 Profit of both companies for the months
s-oa 2o4 t6 an increase as compared with The CORE
-pundlng month last year OF r2-,2o) 81 total prDl Oh
Doth co paDies for the year 10 AplA 80 @33oo'O2 ~
being an increase compared WIN the CVIfeSPOAI47
prriod OF last year OF r363,4-s -.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
CAPTAIN HENRY F. CLEvERLY.

BOsToN, May 21.-Captain Henry +. Cley-
ery died in this cry saturday evening at the age OF
eighty-two years. lie born in Plymouth, England
and in early lie he served IN the British Navy with dis
nctIon Afterward he sailed for many years from Hal
flax in the West india trade. While first officer or the
brg Marine he WI, the Of saving many Of the
Messengers OF tue Inflated steamer Central America Tor
which he received medal ron the humane Hoclctg.
lie served i'm tie late war a. masters maze Of me
Eastern bOcka0ng squadron, and was wounded al tOit
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
TRIBUNE LOtAL OBSERVATIONS.

oiiuC4~s %
al
b.
lad
ESt. SoAnley BroAdS1J.
TRIBUNE OFFICE. May % a. m.-The movement IN
the barometer If again upward Fair and cloudy weather
prevailed yesterday, with cX drops OF in the f-
ternOou The temperature ranged ween js' and 76s
the average t6b'-, being S@s higher than cor
responding Gay s-tyeac and % higher than -atur-
day.
ar ana partly "loudy weather, with slight changes in
NuperatUi 5 and chances 81 occasional showers, may
De expected to-day ln'tns city and vicinity
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
ENFORCING TIE EXCISE L4W.

Captain Petty, of the Sixth Precinct yester-
day arrested thirteen persons Tor violating the Excise
law Among the prisoners were Frederick schmoge,
cashier Matthew Fisher barkeeper at the Atlantic Car
den in the Bowery and Joshua Banmgarten OF the van
DYKE House. No p Bowery. The Atlantic Garden,
which il Ooposte the police station, was lighted aud f
Of men A. midnight but officers were unable TO gain
p.4ufrn
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
i STR1AGE MN N i BANK.

HAERHILL, Mass May PA woman en-
ploycd TO do the cleaning IN the MerilmacS Natonal
Rank Building reports that late yesterday afternoon
ftr ternurarv absence in the cellar she discovered
strange man AT work on the lock Of the vault He told
her he was the agent Of safe and lock company and
was employed 70 make examination by the bank
officials The made "a careful survey Ol the ROOM
examining drawers, doors. WINDOWS, etc. Then lie
asked about the wachmsn and let the building quickly
by side door. The police have been unable to hnd AI
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
OBITL AIRY.

LONDON, May 21.-The Duke of Grafton IS
dead.
William Henry FzRoy the sixth Duke Of Grafron. was
born August f. l-l9 and succeeded h- father IN l-63
He was married IN 1875 to Marie Anne Louise Barring
only daughter OF third Lord A~hDurion In lstl be
was an atache OF the British legation 1T Naples Five
years later be was made colonel II the West suffolk
Militia Il -ineut and in the same year he was MADE
tyIAcIenant for NOrthampr0nsh!re From i7l' 10
1868 he was a Member of Parliament for ford For
several year, hc cutcuI-c .Onc 0l thc Noit"di-
tou-hire Ene Volunteers aud Deputy Lieu rudl lo'
suffolk IN politics d. q liberal HIS VIE llru re"
years 20 wItuOut i-rUe. and ns titles VIII IAN 10 ms
brother General Lord Augustus Charles LehhOA flz-
InN. W NO WIS bnrn Juno -. l-ll.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
SMALLPOX 1T TRENTON.

TRENTON, May 21.-Since April % there have
been forty seven OF pOx officially reported here
OF this number twentyeigh treated by physicians
at the homes Of the patients died aud twelve are
In hospital All the cases except two are reported TO
be getting better No have been reported
since FRIDAY morning. Tie are confined mostly 10
he eastern part OF the city Board Of Health do not
regard the serious.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
THE REV. DIR. NALL IN CHICAGO.

CHICAGO, May 21.-The Rev. Dr. Hall, Of
NewYok. preached the Second Presbyterian Church,
In this city, to-day.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
LOSS BY FIRE AT ELKTON. KY.

LOUISVILLE, Ky, May PA fire at Elkton,
Ky, yesterday morning, destroyed business house. and
stock to the value OF S2i 200; fully insured.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
SUICIDE or 4 WE4LTHY YOUNG NAN.

WILMINGTON. Del, May PA dispatch from
Georgetown, Dell to The M0rag Secs says that Isaiah
Conway one Of the wealthe-t young IN the coun-
y committed suicide this morning moment Of tenn
pOrary insanity He blew out his brains.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22

Don't risk anything with stubborn cough,
when safe remedy may be had in DR.. Jaynes EXpecto
Sore lungs and throats speedily helped by it.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22

brought us nearer to her heart. He was full OF
sweeter melodies and harmOnies than ever found
their way into his books. His singing has rendered
nober and truer the life of this world he loved 80
VOL
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
ASSASSINATED AFTER ACQUITTAL.

NEw-ORLEANs, May PA dispatch from
Jackson, Miss. reports that Riley Moore. who re-
Gently acquitted Of the murder OF Mr.. Waters.
sassiuaed yesterday the spot where Waters died
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22

You will ind everything the furniture carpet bed.
ding line COMPARTMENTS 1873 10 ljJ Chatham.st They
longest those wishing buy that
Brooklyn store, 4O5 To Az Fulton
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
BUSINESS Failure At ST. LOUIS.

ST. LOUIS, May 21.-The St. Louis Furni-
ture Company cooperative concern, has made
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22

Though the tide Is falling the waves stall
ro toward the shore. L. this Gfamau, week 'f Il. ''
Norris PLY OF Old shipm.tes Wlh be ".'uii' Tor
ward here 49, the FourJerutA street Theatre accompany
Of the devoted VIII pres, at " Uncle Toms 'aHh' Ut
Nibo', uarien; and Miss EuseHic Lccr nd at the mon
Squarr Theatre VIII present herself az Ft"'ht h .ht
Lady Oh lyons" TINS latter incident i- 49,. iowa io'
Tuesday. Toe intention TO p.oduce " i)aie "c l.~ ID"
pears 10 have D., ca lald aside
In other directions no change will be made
that Gals Tor particular remark. Mr. Gillette and biz
"Prof,,. or 70 10 the Wud,or Theatre The season at
DAYS Thea re closed last night Mis- Minnie MGldeu
has met with success the Park Theatre. This j, dee
served hoy III ady Du not h ihe play In which she el
pears logs Ferry !, rubbish. The same remark
applies to \ Chequered Lie which Las encuuoor-a
the STAG since last Monday lt the Fifth Ay,nu I'll tre.
aad which i- OF red i"r the l pos oil eADll'tS tlo
ecliclrc.,. 10 ltac ur II. Iul- prodic ION
affords some anna emcnt g. t-osr whose pa renee can
endlr- prrieutious nonsense and rank ab-urtdy; bHt
tn public manifested much interest 10 IT, The
who e-si4Iy assume tAat the community "IsAcs
hlr presence a. q star actor
Mr. Raymond, as Fresh, has had prosper
ous wee AT NDlos Theatre ,,n2 he viii make brief
su,ri,u,try tour of the Northwest before btn -ins
h, season to al end. III. Vs. Edoun, ia SPARKS hll-
the week the Grand Opera House, ana at the eApiFa
ton Of his Engagement thai theatre vii be closed Miss
Iegr No closes her season ~ the Union square Theatre
next saturday and gives cr 20 Mr. Frcdeuok Book "a
a new piece named The Living Age This play relates
t. the French Market at Nc"-Jrleans the Mammoth
Cave the Horse Shoe Bend. Altoona, an Opium Den
III New-York and he Heights OF Brooayu. II. evident
w. i.a sDn All % neo-raaa There hint Of dyna-
In.tc ,-iou rtw train bur WIct er Tie cu'i-
accr- are ihercupon iute oa the uoou. there 10 cen
tu- luc ACTON of tlc piece. we canao. conjecture ii
mi-t uof strike The average play -""r a. Did h''lc
al psu-ed Dy Ml. Richard lelnu and mE-c has been
arran- 70 COZ tine piece b, Mr. i@' ION " me LIVING
Ago "Il bee produced Win I"e I'Io"l-- cast.
Jles aoouriouais --.-.-- ------...Le"ls Morrison
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22

Segment TO J. f. Bond. The assets are estimated At
$4,000, and the liabilities are probably t"ice tAas
amount
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22

no regarded tits growing It l has the the r teEc
n ear real chararter as wen az 'e"u '"'
sarv n eau bolt
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
"LEATEs or Grass CONDEMNED.

the ground the detectives The thieves were recog
nized by the detectives a. ex-conyicts.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
N.cder settlers Wafer,

the direct supervision Of the Prussan Govern
Inentl is uneq uaed = a TabieWate
Recommended By the principal Medical Authorities Of
Europe.
ANTHONY oECHS 81 warrenst. ". Y.
Sole Agent for the U. 8.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1882-05-22
SPECIAL Notlees


NV0. y .
Beg that they have re0yeued their wareroom
with an entirely stock Fine Cabinet and UgAo.serc
Furniture.
ESTIMATES AND DESIGNS FURNISHED.
EMBROIDERIES. PAPER-HANGTNGs.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10
A Bugle Blast from st. Lawrence.

The speech of tho Hon. WILLIAM A.
DART OF st. Lawrence, printed elsewhere, Is
worthy OF more than ordinary attention. In
terse words he depicts the effects OF extrava
giant Congressional appropriations upon
farmers aud producers. He shows that under
Republican Administrations the taxes have
grown until they have reached eight dollars
head annually for every man, woman, and
child in the United States. This yearly tax
would purchase all the real estate in the
counties of ST. Lawrence, Franklin, Clinton,
Essex, Washington, Warren, Hamilton,
Hcrkimer. Oneida, Onondaga, Oswego, Mon
roe. Madison, Livingston, Lewis, Jefferson,
and Chenango. Mr. DART shows that one
hundred and fifty millions Of these yearly
taxes are squandered in corrupt appropria-
tions, and are Indirectly used by Congress-
men to secure their return TO the Capitol.
His analysis of the River and Harbor steal
is clear and incontrovertible. The steal does
not even benefit the Congressional districts
allowed to share in it. Take the st. Lawrence
district. Its Congressman, ABRAHAM y.
PARKER, secured $4,000 for the district by
voting to override the Presidents veto. To
get this $4,000 he voted away nineteen mil
lions of the peoples money. To get this
$40, 900, the war rate of taxes was main
tanned. The result Is that the farmers of st.
Lawrence pay in duties on sugar alone more
than the $4,000 secured for their ostensible
benefit by the vote of their Congressman.
Furthermore, Mr.. DART shows clearly the
unconstitutionality of the steal. There are
appropriations for many unnavigable rivers
Such rivers belong to the States where
they are located, and not to the Federal
Government. The State Interested alone
should be taxed for their Improvement. 1t
owns them as absolutely as it owns its turn
pixies. The Federal Government might with
the same propricty appropriate money for
turnpikes as to appropriate it for clearing
out creeks and pools of State where none
but the citizen of the State benefited is
either interested or has any right to go.
1t is great speech. Its truths ought to
sink deep in the minds of every voter No
man who reads it thoughtfully can ever vote
for a River and Harbor statesman.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10
PRESIDENT ARTHUR'S TRIP.
Visiting seeor Robesou. Dining at Ports-
mouth, and then Sailing for Bar Hnrbor.

PORTSMOUTH. N. H., Sept. 9.-The De-
spatch arrived in the lower harbor at 90 last
night aftera tempestuous voyage from Marble
head The President. with Secretary Chandler.
went to the Wentworth House. New Castle in
Commandant Wells's steam cutter this morn
ing. and took breakfast. The breakfast party
comprised. besides the President. Secretary
Chandler. Commodore Earl English. Chief
Constructor Theodore d. Wilson. Private Sec
rotary Fred. Phillips Senator Rollins. John 1.
Davenport. and A. G. Kellogg. After breakfast
the President and party drove to Rye Beach to
visit Secor Robeson at Little Bears Head. and
returned to Portsmouth ~ IL y L. NJ.
At the Rockingham House the President was
Zcns' Committee.
Mayor Treat rendered the Inequalities OF the
city in \ brief speech to which the President
responded cordially. A great many persons
then crowded into the room. and were severally
multitude from the hotel steps THANKING them
for the warm reception. and reEretting the brief
ness of his stay. The Hon. Frank Jones then
entertained the President. Secretary Chandler.
Senator Rollins. the Commodore and stan. the
city officials, and other noted guests at sub
stantal lunch in the large dining hall.
lunch, went to the navy yard landing. and
thence down the river in Commodore Wells S
steam cutter to tho Despatch. and sailed for
Bar liarbor.
accompanied the Desptch. to meet the YES,
return with tho same. and attend the review in
The Tallapoo ts1 and Despatch passed on. Of
sight from New Castle at 2 80 p, NJ.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10

quents her establishment, It Is natural
enough that she should come to know the
boarders. The attentions Of the young men
may crafty her also. But she would not be
over squcamish, however, II she keep out of
the way of such Wholesale introductions TO
men Of whom she can know so little.
Besides, she need not count such introduce
tions as establishing any acquaintanceship
that she is obliged to keep up. She can rec
ognize the men afterward or not. as she
thinks best. But 1t is absurd to say that she
must not bow to acquaintance on the street
merely because her husband does not know
them. He, however, can reasonably COM
plain OF his wife's having friends among men
against whom he hus good cause for objcc-
tions. He may even disapprove of her put
ting herself in the way OF encountering lot
of fellows in boarding house; and he is not
absurd in criticisng the course OF the widow
in introducing the men. They were not her
friends, but only her customers
Really the offence in this case, IL offence
there was, was against tho dignity OF the
wife, not against the rights of the hus-
band. BY putting 1t in that way he may be
able to heal the unfortunate difficulty which
has induced him to write to THE SUN. Any
sharp assertion OF his authority may be fatal
to his peace; but by treating the matter as
one OF etiquette merely, harmony may be re-
stored and happiness again established in
the household of our friend.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10
THE UNION COLLEGE TROUBLE
Some Doubt to Whether President Potter
will Resign Requested.

TROY, Sept. 9.-Esek Cowen OF this city,
President Potter's legal representative in the
recent trial at Union College. was asked day
If the President would accede to the request
for his resignation. Il don't believe he will do
anything Of the kind" was the reply. Why
was he not asked to resign before the presen-
tation of these charges. which have been unani-
mously dismissed2 do not see why he should
resign because 9 out OF "a trustees ask it. II
he refuse to resign. it will need IS trustees
To compel him. and ii is Just as likely the num-
Der would be less than g. Another time some
officers. who are ex-officio members of the
Board have not heard any arguments in the
case, and, knowing the charges have been dis
missed they may form an opinion favorable to
the Pres dent when they examine tho proceed
inEs, and may take such position as Gov
Cornell seemed to occupy yesterday. Ofcourse
the faculty can make 1t unpleasant: for the
President If he remains; but. then. there are
two sides to that"
Some of the trustees who voted yesterday on
the resolution requesting President Potter TO
resign were inter.iewed to-day The Hon
Joseph W. Fuller. Dr. Potter'e iather-in. law.
against the resolutions, Mr.. kholes, expressed
college. He was undecided what would be the
better step to take The institution would
suffer in some respects il Dr., Potter resigned.
and would suffer in others If he remained ut
its head OF the two horns of the dilemma he
believed it would be better that DR.. Potter
Question'that DR.. Potter was IA poor inancer
and while he had collected many thousands of
dollars Tor the benefit OF the college he had so
managed tho funds in providing scholarships
that the institution was running behind from
$4,000 to si2 600 year: VI the 200 students;
only Al paid for their tuition. Mr.. Rhodes did
not believe that DR.. Potter would tender his
resignation a. requested. There are "a mem
hers of the Board. and II majority can Dust the
President He thought the .l3 votes required
would be Forthcoming. and that n definite re-
suit would DO reached not later than the Janu-
airy meeting
Sir. Fuller said that he did not think that DR..
Potter would tender his resignation. If Coy;
Hoffman's vote had been recorded, as il should
SO long and driven Gov Cornell away. the reso-
luton requesting Dr. Potter to resign would
have been voted down. He did not consider il
possible to obtain the thirteen votes necessary
70 remove DIR. Potter. The latter had about
sioO ooo IN trust funds. and the people who do
| main to look after the money.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10
Expenses OF tho Tariff Commission.

WASHINGTON, Sept, 9.-The perambuating
Tariff Commission has already eaten its head
OIL. 1t has done 1t several times. in fact. There
was no limit put to expenses in the law. The
United States Treasurer has to pay them.
Money is spent as though there was never to
be another chance. No ten men in the Govern
mcnt begin to be SO expensive as those COM
posing the Commission. None render less SER
vice for the money spent, OF all the inspecting
tours and lunketings this is tho greatest and
worst. The cost Of the concern ON its travels
is not much. If any below $4,000 month.
And for no earthly use.
At the latest accounts the Commissioners
had not forwarded u cent to lluhbcll, although
he has been after them for tho per cent. as
sum, taking care that it was not too small,
would not be any more unreasonable than other
things reported concerning the tariff circus.
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10
Drunkenness at the Social Science As.
sOciatiOn.

At the meeting of the Social Science Asso-
citation in Saratoga during the past week a
great deal was said about drunkenness
Some of the views We're very sensible and
others were not.
Prof FRANCIS WAYLAND thought that
places should be provided where confirmed
drunkards could he kept confined until they
We're cured, even if they We're kept there for
life. He evidently believes, with the Rev. s.
IIENi.Us PRIME of the Neio York Observer
that drunkenness is crime and not a dis
ease; and he would punish the crime with
lifelong Imprisonment. In the penal code
drunkenness would thus be made to rank
with murder in the second degree.
Mildcr methods We're advocated by Judge
PEABODY of this city, who was inclined to
favor tho moral treatment of drunkards, and
said the progress made in the treatment of
the chronic insane since the time when they
were kept chained in cells was no greater
than that which was needed in the system Of
dealing with incbriates. This it was, ac-
cording to the report before us, which called
out d.. PRIMES protest against regarding
drunkenness as disease. In his opinion,
the true preventive of the crime was pro-
nlDllol, INC Sue Vi inc liquor winch pro-
duces incompetence should be prohibited by
the State.
Mr.. CARROLL ID. WRIGHT OF Massachusetts
was sterncr still. In one county OF the Com
monwcalth, Suffolk, he has traced seventy
two per cent. of the criminal convictions to
tho use of liquor. He wants to disfranchse
common drunkards until they furnish salts
/ factory evidence of reform.
| There was not any room for disagreement
as to the manifold evils of intempcrance
| Every intelligent observer is deeply sensible
| of them. They have been stated over and
over again in forms far more impressive than
any presented at Saratoga. Tho question OF
IL cure, however-the discussion of the best
| means of averting those evils which flow
| from intcmperance--w most appropriate
to the occasion. Yet tho resulting sugges-
tions are chiefly remarkable for their crudty
and the harshness by which most of them
were inspired. The prevalent idea seems u
| have been that men could be whipped into
| good conduct.
We think wiser way to take up the prob
lem Of dealing with drunkenness would be
| To regard it as the abuse OF perversion OF q
taste which, il not natural to mankind, is SC
very general that 40 effort wholly W eradi
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10
To Heat Miles Ross.

To THE EDITOR OF THE SuN-Sr: It is with
pleasure that inform the voters of the Third Con
gress District that the Hon. William A. Coursen has con
scented to become candidate for Congress His retire
men from public life many years ago regretted by
his numerous friends in Elizabeth but they are now
happy that this and honured citizen ha
consented 10 he candidate for Representative of u
much abused district i'll order To redeem It's character
by his honorable and sterling record Mr. tourseu is
man az probity and ability of high moral character and
of rrtpronrhnhc honesty. His standing nH lawyer IL
high and in his daily walks through life he is looked
upon by his townsmen ~ u man who Will serve them
with honor and distinction at ahnston. Mr. Coursen
Is large property owner In our city pnd heavy
well 1t only remains for Union County cast
her solid 50 for linn Tuesday next 10 secure his
nonIliation III the Convention. Z. b. PLAck.
Sci
The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1882-09-10
THE GOVERNMENT ABSENTEES.
Illegally Drawing their Salaries and Dock
ing Day LMborsrs for Half Hour.

Ing Day l.nbOrors for Half An Hour.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 9.-The annual pay
ments for salaries in the civil service OF the
country. in round numbers. is $50. 900 000 The
systematic absenteeism Of one month is equal
to g. 500 600 This is not the whole for the gross
sum paid for expenses Of pretended tours OF
duty like French's Boston trip should be
added. or itself this is large. and comes out
of the contingent fund.
This two and half millions Is taken out of
the Treasury without thel pretence Of author
ity. 1t would be Just as honest to distribute
the two and a half millions among employees
by giving to each q months salary. 1t
would be as right to steal one-twelfth Of the
thirty millions in one way as in another. The
latter might prove the better way. as it would
tend to protect the contingent fund by stop
ping pleasure taking at public expense.
The policy Of paying full salary for eleven
twelfths Of years work may be advocated
by some ON the ground that u holiday is be-
neflcent feature Of the labor system. II this
is to be done. it should be according to and
months work. Then there would be neither
half millions paid out without the slightest
warrant in law. Every day labore,r in Govern
ss s6rS aS sns s ead OF dax
laborer is docked whenever he is away half an
hour. The idea OF giving such men u months
leave or a day even. with pay. has never been
advanced.
10 the two and half millions should be
added the unknown quantity representing
what is paid out annually for lunketing. under
the pretence OF inspection. or for pleasure par
ties under various guises Herein is the de-
moralization which is most threatening. 1t is
the prohgacy which. while growing year by
year. is the boldest in its methods.
1t was only a few weeks ago that the Finan-
cial Secretary himself made the trip from New
York harbor TO Washington in Il revenue cut.
between one and two thousand dollars. I'm
parchment would have followed such action
years ago.