Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1882-02-04

COW, be it red or white or roam. The man
who buys all his calves must be all the time
feeding and milking heifers as an experiment.
and feeding and milking those which are and
ALWAYS will be below the standard of pay
ing, while the dairyman who raises his own
calves is pretty sure that when he breaks
heifer in to milk he is breaking in one that
will make good cow. He may buy better
looking and larger animal for lees money
than il has cost him to raise her, but the proht
he aims to make in buying is very soon
lost. and more with it, 10 milking. The best
dairy COW is the one that nets to her owner
the most money from the pail, whether she De
red or black, or have pretty horns, or is Top
horned In this country, where the climate
is SO uniform and feed grows SO pleDtlfuliy,
the risks Of raising young COWS are puG
slight. and the cost of feed may be kept low.
Every dairyaan must have in the summer
pastures that are not coed enough Tor his
milking cows, on which his young stock can
be kept, and in the winter he Will nave more
or less refuse hay and other iced that IL Will
not be profitable TO force his cows to eat,
and which may be thrown to hisyoung heifers.
Another consideration may be mentioned IN
favor of raising ones own calves. The dairy
man who makes butter can feed his calves on
skinned and even sour milk after they. are
few weeks old, and thus they will cost him
but very small amount Of the real product
of the dairy. Calves raised in this way make,
as rule, better cows than those allowed to
suck their milk from their mothers. They
are tanned and gentled when young, ard at
the same time are habited to eating whatever
is placed before them, and make much more
thrifty and hardy cows. On the whole, we
believe it much the better policy for dairy
men to keep up their stock by raising their
own COWS rather than by buying them.
The Farm as a Factory.
The general idea of farm is place or
land on which TO produce the raw material,
as hay, grain, etc., to be sold in the nearest
or best market for the best price that can be
obtained for it. This is not the best idea OF
farm. On the contrary, the farmer who re-
CARDS his farm as joint farm and factory.
and carries out this latter idea in practice, is
most sure to make the most money and at
the same time keep the productiveress of his
soil in much higher state. To illustrate our
meaning, the farmer who devotes his land to
hay-raising and sells his hay to be
fed eff his farm, is constantly taking
from his land and returning nothing
to it. and gets in return for this system of
robbing the soil Only the profits of production
Of hay, very coarse and bulky material, the
cost of taking which to market is very large in
proportion to its value. The same may truly be
said of the wheat-raiser. He is taking all the
wheat material in his soil out of it, and sell
ing it to some ole else to make profit ON It's
manufacture. In few years his soil is prac
tically exhausted, and he has saved only the
first profit of production. How is the case
with the stockraser or the dairyman? He
not only runs farm for the product
of the raw material, but in one
sense he becomes a manufacturer and
makes profit on both operations. We have
often seen that men can make money in tie
dairy business or in fattening cattle, while
they buy all their feed, thus giving the pro-
Queer profit on the production, and making
for himself profit on manufacturing the raw
material, hay, grain, etc, into meat or but
ter. A part of the profits of the latter comes
from the sale of the manure accumulated by
feeding the animals. The true system Of
farming is to perform both charlottesville
production of the raw material and the manu-
facture of it into more condensed form on
the farm. 1t costs no more to take ton CT
butter to market than to take a tor
OF 5ay TO the same market, and yet that
ton of butter represents many tons of
hay and the ton of butter taken from the
land has in fact reduced the productive Ca
pacity of the land but little, comparatively,
because in producing it large quantity of
fertilizers has been returned to the soil, to be
reproduced in butter. But when the ton of
hay is taken off nothing is returned to the
soil. Our wheat-raisers are annually ship
ping out of the State not only the amount Of
wheat exported, but they are reducing the
capacity of the soil to produce wheat in the
future to the extent of the shipments. They
are simply producer, and make but one
profit. Most of them even burn their straw,
and thus rob the soil BOT only OF what
they sell, but of what they burn as WELL
IF they would feed only the straw to etock,
they would &c this extent become manufact-
urers, and TO this extent would repay their
soil for its share in their profits. Simple pro-
duction en- the farm is downright robbery
and viii in the end impovsrish the robDer
We often hear farmers complaining of the
greater profits ct manufacturers and yet
going on from year to year eglecting to take
advantage Of their opportunities of becoming
themselves manufacturers and reapilg these
iiarper profits