News and citizen. [volume] (Morrisville, Vt. ;) 1881-current, 1882-03-30
FARM AND GARDEN.

PRUNING FOR FRUIT. by aFr6stlng
Or renewing the little faults of his chill
dren SIS soon as they are shown, the wise
father prevents their attaining such in
veteracy as will not submit to correction,
but bursts out Immediately with fresh
misdeeds. So with orchard trees. 1t
is great mistake to let growth run on
without res trsint for two or three years,
and to suppose that pruning will set
all to rights. The fundamental rule of
art is to take sway all young shoots that
are not fitted to make permanent bear
ing branches. Remove these, the sooner
the better, but remove no others. Cut
out and suppress all wild shoots that
issue below the graft, and whose growth
would rob or smother it. Gut out all
shoots in the interior of the trees that
will not have light enough in summer
for the leaves of any fruitbuds that
might form on them, and which could
therefore not mature into fruitage.
Thin the new growth ali over the top so
that no shoot will shade another or be
shaded; those that are left being such
as extend the main bearing branches
which gardeners call "leaders. Often
crowding branch can be propped or
braced out into open light and SO two
branches be relieved with little or no
pruning of either with a gain of large
fruit-producing area. One other case
l. - - 4ra i
so much as to be covered with fruit
buds and making no new shoots. A
tree in health should make new shoots
every year all over the top, and at least
eight inches long. If it does less the
dried, or injured and cannot
carry the sap, or the wood of the top
has become unsound. The thing to be
done then is to cut back the top reduc
ing it largely, to give the exhausted sys-
tenn less to do and more chance to
recover. The vexed question of even
and odd years, or fruitful and barren
ones in alienation, which is SO impor-
tant to growers Of Baldwins, Greetings
and s5me other winter sorts, is solved
most easily by resolute thinning in
the winter preceding the fruitful years,
so as to reduce the bearing, and increase
the wood and bud forming for the next
year.-SHELAH.
WHITEwAsH FOR OUTSIDE WORK. :
Every spring We have numerous in
quiries for "whitewash that will not
rub off," and now these begin to come
in autumn. Ordinary lime wash will
rub off and in time is washed off by
rains. There are two methods of pre-
venting this: One is, to add something
to the wash, like glue, that will hold
the particles of lime in place, and the
other is to add something to the wash
that will change the slightly soluble
lime into an insoluble compound. A
quarter of a pound of glue, soaked in
cold water, and then dissolved by heat,
may be added to each pallful of white
wash. If fat of any kind be added to
the lime while stacking, lime soap is
formed which does not wash Off When
Stacking lime for pailful of wash, add
a pound of tallow or clean fat of any
kind to the hot and Stacking lime, and
thin with hot water. The Treasury
Department wash, used on light houses
and other Government buildings, was
given some years ago and is now re-
peated. Place half bushel of freshly
burned lime in barrel and slake with
boiling water; strain and add a peck of
salt dissolved in water; boil three pounds
Of rice flour in water to- thin paste,
and add it to heshme; soak a pound of
good glue in cold water, and when soft
dissolve by the aid of heat, and add
this with pound of Spanish White to
the wash. Thin to the proper consis-
tence with water. The wash is to be
applied warm. Whitewash may be col
ored with Venetian Red, TIMBER or In
digo, adding enough of either to give
the desired tint.
MEAL FOR RUMESANTs.- the ques-
ton, Which is the better way to feed
meal, wet or dry? The answer is,
There is no difference. The simple |
fact Of wetting meal with cold water is
no advantage Ii soaked till near the !
point of souring, or wet with boiling |
water and fed when cooled, digestion
would doubtless be facilitated. The
best way to feed meal to cattle have !
ever tried is to take hay or coarse fod-
der, either cut or long, and wet it
enough to make the meal which is to be
fed stick to it. In eating the coarse
fodder the meal goes with it into the
paunch, where it remains to soak and
prepare for digestion, till it is remasti-
Gated, when it goes into the third and
fourth stomachs to have digestion COM
pleted. If eaten alone it, as rule,
goes at once into the third and fourth
and misses entirely the prepa-
ration it might have had if it had first
gone into the pau1lch with the coarse
fodder. There is an estimated differ.
ence of twenty-five per cent. in favor of
'eeding meal with wet fodder, over feed
ing it alone to grown cattle. -PRoF. L.
B. ARNOLD.
CHANGE OF SEED.
At the last meeting of the Western
New York Farmers Club, as reported
BY the Rural Home, the above ques-
Ion was discussed. One farmer present
Isked whether there is anything in the I
notion that benefit is derived from
changing seed and obtaining seed
rom other soils and localities. He had
many times been told that he ought to ,
'hange seed, and had done so, but was {
eally unable to say whether he had {
'een benefited thereby. He had salts
led himself that oats grown further
lorth do better than those grown in the '
anne latitg1au % .esEIrthSr south, When I
boy he - New York for the i
sohan potato, at high price, but the t
econd year it yielded no better than '
Id sorts. Another said he was using ]
be same seed that he had been growing C
Or thirty years. He had selected the L
est, especially in corn. The large L
of our vegetable and flower /
eeds are imported from England, Ger &
lany and France, but they are no bet {
Ar than tboca c,rOun here. in many |