davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
KANSAS DAY
Prsgran. of Exereises.

program OF EAefclSeS-
The sSllowing program of exercises
has been arranged for the observance of
Kansas Day in the high school next Fri
| day afternoon:
Chorus-"Red, White and Blue"
Essay-""The Constitutions of Kan
sas," Miss Nora HassIer.
Reading-"La Marais du CyeEe,'
Miss Jennie Delany.
Solo-"The Whisper of Lare,'' Miss
Isle Faust
Essay-"Boys of Kansas" Mr.. Huestin
Warren.
Catechism of Kansas.
EssaY-"The Great Contest" MIR. Nj
ID. Gretchen.
Solo-"Keep the Horseshoe over the
Door," Miss Addie Tandy.
Reading-"Burial of Barber" Mics
May Whitney.
Catechism.
Essay-"Exodus," MIR. Alex. a.
Reeves.
Quartette-"We are Going From The
Cotton Fields
Essay-"What Eastern People Think
of U.s." Miss Lille Dale.
Reading-"K T. Did" Miss Lulu
Barnett.
Quintette-"Call TO Kansas"
Essay-"Literati of Kansas" Miss
frankie Stotler.
Reading-"Emigrant Song" Miss
Emma Jones.
CatechIsm.
ChOrus-"America."
Essay-"Girls of Kansas" Miss Ella
Kirkendall.
Paper, by Mr.. Milliken, Miss Ran
dolph, Miss Evans aud Mr.. V. Kellogg.
Solo-By Miss frankie Stotler.
Essay-"Prophecies," Mr.. W. C. JAY.
Chorus-"Star Spangied Banner"
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

TATHAM's PRIMER - Here You
See a Lady, my Child. Is
the Lady Sick? She is. What Ais the
Lady, She Looks Like She had Taken
Bad Medicine. Her Trouble is Not
Caused by Doctors Stuff; She Has Been
10 One of Those High Priced Stores to
Buy Dry Goods, When She Should Have
Gone TO Tatham's Illinois Store, Where
Everything is So Cheap. Thus Endeih
the First Lesson.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

We learn from Mr.. G. w. Frederick
that unfortunate trouble exists in the
Isom family, who recently went to
Pueblo, and that Mr.. and Mrs. Isom
have separated. The five younger
children ranging in age from two to
fourteen years arrived here on the Santa
Fe and need the care and attention of
our benevOlently disposed people. They
were sent by the Women's Benevolent
society of Pueblo, where the mother is
living very sick.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
WAS 1t Prophetic !?

On Tuesday morning, Reuben Rhu-
land, whose mournful fate was noted in
THE NEWS of yesterday, sought his
mother, TO WHOM he was devbtedly at
tached, and told her that he had had
a strange dream the night before which
he wished to relate TO her. He said he
thought he was making his usual round
as a News carrier. when a very black
cloud came over him, and it grew dark
all around him. After Il little while the
cloud parted in the center aud he saw
written on the sky in bright, golden let.
tiers, GLORY TO God in the Highest" also
| three gliltering verses which he could
not remember and under them were the
words: Forgive and Forget" lie
then told his mother hc would, in ibe
future, always forgive and forget, and
strive to mend his faults and be better
Afterwards, as if being thoroughly i'm
pressed with the strange vision. he re-
peated the dream to his sister Alice, who
was his cherished companion.
How his bright young life was
quenched in the evening, as, in pursu
ance of his helpful and unselfish i'm
pulses, he was endeavoring to rescue his
young companions from drowning, We
all know. Who shall gay that soul SO
finely attuned to all that was high and
good and pure was not given by one Of
those peculiar revelations, the cause
and nature of which may not be ex
planned, to know that the time was al
hand when he was to he translated "a
that realm beyond the skies where
l"glory to God'' is the theme of all who
have been caught up TO dwell forever
the Lord?
May the stricken mother, whose name
was the last to be spoken by the lips OF
her darling boy, as he commissioned the
terror-stricken and helpless witnesses ol
his death struggle TO bear to her his fare
well message, have faith to lay the
sweet consolation to her heart that the
thick darkness which gathered ovel
Reuben as he met alone and unfriended
the grim monster, has been dispelled by
the golden splendor of an endless day in
that far off country where there is nc
more night. and where we are promised
sorrow and signing shall flee away.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
SATURDAY, Jan. Q


The dance at IBernheisels hall last
night WAS poorly attended owing 10 the
disagreeable weather. -. Bill Taylor, a
darkey in the employ of Francis Brogan
was seriously injured yesterday by n
runaway team. =. Johnnie Snyder had
both legs broken this week by his horse
falling on him. The ice men are again
unhappy The streets arc crowded
with farmers wagons aud the store
keepers are joyous. . "A number of our
farmers have caught the New Mexico fe-
yer. w. i. Gould is erecting Il hand
some residence north of town A bar
Der shop wOnld thrive in Hartford
Our streets and sidewalks are badly in
need of repair. We need more carpen
tiers: So many new buildings are going
up in and around town that our present
force of Workmen can not supply the
demand
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Rev. DIR. WOrrall, who preached his
closing sermon at the Baptist church
last evening, leaves for Leayen-
worth to-day. His ministrations in this
city have proved more than ordinarily
effective and his visit has been the Occa
sion of religious awakening which
will doubtless be attended with excellent
results. The meetings will still cOntin-
ne, and the public are cordially invited
to attend.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
The HARTFORD News
EDITED EY DoRKAs.
TUESDAY, Jan. 81.

TUESDAY, Jan. 81.
Mrs. Hunt is getting better. Mike
Schwartz is very sick Ed. Lowry
and Miss Tresser, of Americas, have
been visiting friends in Hartford since
Saturday - 1t is expected that new
bakery will he opened here soon The
pay car has passed through and left glad
hearts behind. The river being 900
lhin," Shaver & Johnston arr now cut
ting ice ON one of the ponds north of
town. There was dog riot in town
Sunday night, but the militia was called
out and promptly suppressed it, Bills
are ont for concert To he given by the
Hartford band at Bernheisel IL Kell's
hall, Friday evening. &. Hartford, too,
has more school children than il can
accommodate. Campbell brothers have
just received large invoice of groceries.
-. Several loads of fat hogs were de-
live:ed in town today for shipment. ..
There is great scarcity of corn amongst
our farmers. Young gentlemen III
variably offer their right arm 10 ladies
now
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
Died Of Consumption .

Anna Bates, daughtero of NH. Bates,
died yesterday morning at o'clock az
ter lingering Illness Of consumption,
induced by measles which she contract
ed last February Her age was Il years
The funeral will take place from the
family residence this afternoon at 2
O'Clock. Rev. DIR. Cordley officiating.
The following former schoolmates OF
The deceaaed have been selected tcaaa.aa
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The Pfefferle case which was assigned
for hearing before Justice Culver yes
terday morning was continued until
Friday at 10 O'Clock a. m. The follow
ing jury has been impaneled and
sworn. Lee Vernon, F. Stuekey, ]. w.
Truiti, G.. f. Meyer, David +. Jones, Ed
ward Scott, BENZ. Borlz, s. Kirkpatrick
c. @. Martin, II. F. Dale, ]. NJ. Perkins,
VIM. Farmer.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
Oysters at Rice Bros
nuokIen.s ArnIca snIre

The best salve in the world for cuts,
bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rheum, fever
sores, letter, chapped hands, clIilblains,
corns, and all kinds of skin eruptiOns.
This salve is guaranteed to give perfect
satisfaction in every ease or money re-
funded. Price p cents per box For
sale by B. Wheldon & Co,
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The Kansas City and EmpOria Railroad
Mr.. G. S. Beadle, chief engineer of the
line in process of construction between
Emporia and Ottawa, spent the Sabbath
with his family at the Hotel Coolidge.
In an interview with him this morning
the writer learned that the route be-
tween the two points above named had
been substantially fixed, and that the
distance had proved to be over three
miles shorter than at first estimated.
The grades are comparatively easy,
though there will be about one million
yards of material to move on the road.
There will be 1 800 feet of iron bridging
along the line, 5000 feet of piling and
numerous stone culveris. The general
contract has not been LET. though consid-
cradle grading has already been done in
Usage county by the company. From
Neosho Rapids to Kansas City, q dis
lance of nearly ahundred miles, the route
does not depart from a straight line more
than half mile.
Mr.. Beadle will now proceed to make
out his profiles, and active operations
will be commenced all along the
line within a few weeks. 1t is proposed
to construct the road in the most sub
stantial manner, using nothing but the
best material, and it is though. that OF
tawa and Emporia will be able to shake
hands over the consummation Of an en-
terprise in which both are 50 largely in
terested by the LIST of November.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Jcptha Theodore Peylon, whose in
junes were noted in The News of Mon
day, died at the residence of his faith
er, Judge E. B. PeYton, east of the city
Tuesday morning at $50 o'clock, al
the age of 81 years. The funeral
took place from the family residence
Wednesday at halEpast 2 o'clock.
Rev. John Kirby, of the NJ. E. church,
OBLIGATED.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

DISSOLUTION NoTfcE.-On January
LIST, 1882, the firm OF Faust & Ladd was
dissolved by mutual consent. J. f. Ladd
reiiring. The remaining partner, Sam
uel Faust viii continue the meat bust
n6ss At the old place.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The business men of Emporia are dis
posed to give the gas company gener
GUS patronage and fixtures have already
been placed in quite number of OuI
stores. On Tuesday night ID. Thomas
& Co, were brilliantly illaminated up
stairs and down. Lewis Brothers have
just put in four handsome drops at theil
upper store. Miss Plumb OF the city
book store has added TO the appearance
of her store by night by Il good supply
of burners, and many others are making
arrangements TO use this superior and
convenient light.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

A number of telephones are being put
in this city by agents of the Merchants
Exchange at Kansas City, who are
lodging the city franchise by string
ing wires over the roofs of houses and
planting poles on private premises. The
central office is located in the Holder
man block and communication between
it and number Of business places are
now being made. AZ
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

TEAcIIERs, ATTENTION time for
holding the county teachers examina.
ton is hereby changed from January
2sJh to February 18th, 1882. The exam
ination Will be held in the stone school
building at Emporia, commencing al 0
a. NJ. o. b. WHARTON,
County Superintendent.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Money 10 loan in any amour. by the
Central Loan and Land ComraIy, At
lowest rates. Call and see fore
making your loans, as We can d. you
good.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

break down corn stalks or haul out ma
nure. Three degrees below zero nn
Tuesday morning. the 18th. and 4 above
on the 18th. The snow that fell on
Monday had all disappeard by Friday.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The funeral Of Jephtha PeytoD, which
took place yesterday afternoon from
the family residence on Sixth avenue,
was quite largely attended.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

LOsr Two red Irish settlers. Lost
about Christmas; the collar on one of
the dogs had the name upon It
Liberal reward for information leading
10 recovery. GEORGE CLAPP,
Emporia. Kansas.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
The AMERICUs News,
EDITED BY "EURLow. :"


TUESDAY, JAN. 81.
Don't forget the NJ f. festival Thurs
day night, the 2Glh. C. p. Rosencrans
las closed the sale Of his farm TO Mr.
Crawford and will move to the south.
western part of Missouri, about % miles
from Ft. Scott Z. An effort is being
made TO start another cheese factory in
town, provided the proprietor can pro
cure $50 cows to be MIXED for him
Any one DESTROYS of helping 10 start the
new enterprise can confer with o. s.
Wiley in town or j. l.. Balm, of Fruit.
land. i. . The boys were ont a-cooning
last night. - j. G. Anderson starts for
the Indian Territory to-day. E. The NJ.
p. ran eight trains over the road yesteF.
day. Election two weeks from to-day
-. The L. p. church is now plastered,
and will be ready for occupancy as soon
as the seats are put in.
Mixed and dry paints at Bonds drug
store.
Pierce's medicines at Bonds.
Ayers Hair Vigor, at Bonds.
Condition powders for "pinkeye," at
Bonds drug store.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
TILE HOLInAY NEWs

Free for ImlaiSrasIOn Purposes.
The Board of Trade of ihis city has
purchased large number Of copies Of
the pictorial holiday edition of the
WEEKLY News, to be used for immi-
grafton purposes. and instrucis Us 10 say
that the papers VIII be given free, IN
wrappers ready to mail, TO parties who
will agree to send them to persons whom
they know are looking for homes and
business interests 10 the west, and are
seeking just the information given in
the above mentioned edition of the
NEWS. All who will are invited 10 call
at this Office and get the papers,as long
as the number holds out, and send them
where they will do the most good.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Donald Lakin received goat from
Augusta by express Tuesda from
which he expects TO derive the milk sup.
ply for his family.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
Ratified by Another Ballot

DIES MONIES, Jan. 24.-Because of
some doubt as the legality of a former
election Of United States Senators vii.
son and McGilI, both houses of the leg
islature ratified their previous action by
another formal ballot.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Wanted-To exchange four yearling
Durham bulls, Is grade. for COWS or
heiEers. Inquire at frat honse south of
Carr's grocery store. south Commercial
street. +. NJ. HUFF.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
pnRNPrT,S cncnIINE

For Premature Loss of the Hair-a Phil.
adelphian's opinion: zone year ago
my hair commenced falling out until |
was almost bald. After using Cocaine
a. few months, l have now a thick
growth of new hair
ALEX. HENRY, S14 East Girard Ave
Burnett's Flavoring Extracts, always
Standard.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Half rates have been arranged for on
all the railroads centeriug Emporia for
persons residing along these lines who
may desire to attend the dedicatory dra-
matte engagement at the Whitley opera
house next week.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Wanted-A single man TO attend my
farm for share OF crop. Must come recon-
mendedl. Apply 10 me at my farm, two
miles east Of Emporia.
ELWoOD CnAPMAN
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The Council Grove Dramatic compa
ny have begun the rehearsal of "Fala
niiza," for presentation in this city in
March. 1t win be put on regardless Of
expense.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

A theology student OF the State Nor.
NAL, and who already has a licence to
expound the Scriptures TO benighted
man, on coming home at a rather un
seasona5le hour last evening, explained
to his landlady that he had been in at
tendance at the coroner's conquest We
presume he meant inquest.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
SMALLPOX.

We learned Tuesday that there was
one new case of smallpox at Severy,
and two of varialoid. Also that there
was case of smallpox and one OF
varialoid at Hamilton, ON the Howard
Branch. The utmost care is necessary
TO keep il from our CITY.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Wilson, Toms s. Wharton, loan agents,
have rented the room at 1873 CONNER
cial street, formerly occupied by c. c.
Farren, grocer, and will move their of
fee the first Of the month.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Mr.. Charles Lovelace, whose barber
shop adjoins the Rutland residence on
Commercial street, very kindly suspend
cd business yesterday and gave up his
room to his stricken neighbors who
thankfully availed themselves of this
place to lay their dead boy.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Van McColloch sold Harry Hood the
best team Of craft horses In town Mon
day. The latter is going into the grang-
er business near Americas.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

THE News announced some days ago
from Dickens "Old Curiosity Shop
by Normal students. We are informed
thati complete arrangement for a
really fine entertainment, is about com
plete. 1t is to be composed of the play
from Dickens spoken of above, with
gymnastIc and calisthenic exercises, es-
says and declarations, lntersp ersed
with music.
The entertainment will be in Whitlcy's
opera house some time in February. 1t
is one object of the entertainment to
cause the people of Emporia and sur
rounding country to meet the work OF
the Normal school and to form some
judgment of Its merits. The admis-
sion therefore will be very low, while
the entertainment will be good. 1t is
proposed to engage the opera house, as
the Normal has not, as a body, been
down town to see the people and it
hopes 10 see many that hardly appre-
ciate that there is a Normal school in
the city. The stage of the opera house
is large and one hundred students will
appear at once, in full uniform in
some of the classes in calisthenics.
The exhibition is under the manage.
ment of Prof 3. T. Davis and Miss L.
F. Hoxie, whose experience in such
work assures success. The proceeds af
ter expenses are paid, are to be devote
To the benefit of the musical department
and the establishment OF a Kinder.
garten in the Normal.
The merits of these claims will bt
| given at some furIure time.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The box sheet for Fanchon, which is
to be produced by the Cartland-Murra
company at the Whitley opera house on
Monday evening, was opened yesterday
ut the opera house, and one hundred
seats were sold. All the proseenium
boxes have been engaged. The sheet
will be found in the evenings at the
Coolidge.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Great Remnant Sale.--Don't forget
what you can get for such a small price
az Taiham's great sale, now going on at
his dry goods store In Emporia.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The written examinations AT the Nor.
NAL will be concluded on Thursday,
and the school will then close until the
following Monday.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

WANTRD-A thousand good fence
posts, oak preferred. Call on me, or adj
dress me through the EmporiA post
Office. w. j. JONES.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Henry Smith, of Augusta, a former
barber OF this city, captured the first
chrome prize at the Suppe drawing.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The Babylon L. - South Side Signal
quotes from q Missouri paper: Mr.. VIM.
y. Ouinlan, Crystal City, Mo-. suffered
occasionally from rheumatic pains in
his knees, for which he successfully
tried 81, Jacobs Oil,
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Mr.. Ed. White, of the Council Grove
Cosmos who returned home Saturday
contracted with Mr.. Tschudi, the scenic
painter at the Whitley opera house, fol
a piece of scenery Ito be used by the
Council Grove dramatic company in
presenting the comic opera. "Fatiniiza. y
The plot of the opera is laid during the
Turco- Russian war. This new piece oi
scenery represents view ON the Dan.
ube, exhibiting a guard house and
breast-wofks, with floating ice in the
river. In the back ground will be a
view of the city OF Ruslchuk, on the
Turkish side, with the Notifications
camp fires, etc. Mr.. White says it will
be the finest piece of stage scenery ever
made west of St Louis.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The A. o. U. w. will attend the fu-
neral Of Reuben Rutland to-day, his ia
Their being q member of that order.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

A handsome set OF parlor furniture
has been ordered for the stage Of the
Whitley opera house.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Joe Smith, colored, was Imprisoned in
the county Jail Tuesday night for petit
larceny.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The rag wagon of the Santa Fe
went through yesterday.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

There is one case of smallpox report
ed at Fullerton, on the Howard branch
30 miles south OF Emporia.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

For SALE-A herdcr's No. 1 pony,
bay color, six years old; will tale for
anything. Inquire at this Office.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Sheriff Ryan and Deputy Kramer arc
busy collecting personal tax warrants.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Try the New Howe Sewing Machine
II. X. Roblee, rear OF News block.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

]. L. Torrington lighted up his shoe
store with gas last evening
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Judge Culver has fitted up a consulta-
tion room in connection with his law
Office.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The new Fifth Avenue hotel was
lighted with gas On Tuesday night.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Buy heavy pair of boots at the Red
Front shoe store. Prices reduced.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

Our young friend Justin Waterbury
has been appointed city Iamplighter.
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26
SATURDAY. Jan. 81.

In the case of the state of Kansas vs.
Eli Sans, the defendant was acquitted
and the costs assessed 20 the prosecuting
Witnesses Rev. J. n. Dreisbach is
carrying on series Of revival meetings
at tho Suffer school house. ID. Pratt,
the lumberman, has moved into the
hose bnilt some time ago by Thomas
White in the east part of town.. The
patrons CT THE DAILY arc better salts
fed with the new arrangement. likewise
Burlos, as the news can now be got into
its columns the same week they happen.
The trial of John Sans is set for
The Emporia weekly news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1881-1889, 1882-01-26

The tickets for Fanchon, the Cricket,
are going Off with wonderful rapidity.