davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1881-10-23

terday:
Name and residence. Ace.
Henry krautzmAnn. Chicago
}Au@n3t1 CASA Z, Chtca.O
f4.AA NNh' -m 1lOtt ~
Juhnnnn uurtOcewis1 ~ Clearer. II
Cornelius baldwin, Town 0f Lake. W..............2!
katharine Muri7aj, Town Of Lake,
Henrik uausSet1. u Cornell. ll......,.,,,,..,...,1
Emelia Mattsou tS Cornell.
!utrtck Deverc Chicago. 20
t.h"'s 1ae" 4"otto. %'''e@leo...
Eilzn Jackson Hyde rark,
3Gotttisb Gluth .............i3
Frank tnpnucl. thtca@o-. ...... II
tAary At>ck: :chac,so.-..--......
W. H. t.usvis, " lis0n
Enua Young 1* South unlon--..-....-.-....
William LnrFon Chicago.
{Chrtstina Johnson. Chicago.
3Juseph Julien 1r, l29 Hrown....
Elizabeth Goulai- Us
, 1881-10-23

Werecommend Eldredee scwing-machlnes
, 1881-10-23
M<IRRTITN Tf1;ENSE%

. BAKTON-Oct. IL. to Mrs. William Burton 324 West
RunEu1pfi-st, son.
, 1881-10-23

:. {GLoAKs. DoLMaNs, &c.
RorHscHIUs ~-..l
" 7: GREAT OPENING SALE. =. :
!. LADIES. oloAks- f>
VIE WILL OFFER TIE FOLLOWING :: =:
ExgEn:AoEplSANx r.: BARGAINS:
BLACK DIAGONAL Ct. ora Do1MASs Thr,n,,... :.
ALL ROUND WITH K1cA pAss1xEy.
rEalE :: Ax1 PLUSH,
FIFTEEN DOLLARS. ~.......
THEY ARE EXTRA LONG, AND IN ALL s1z,,>
In QUALITY AND sTrLE ARE FULLY ron,,,
TO THOSE SOLD LAST FALL AT S..
ELEGANT SATIN DE LYON DolMASs
s1c1L1AN SILK c1RcuLA ARs. EXTRA Loyo,
uLsrERs. NEW SHAPE. FULL SIZE. y
FOUR DOLLARS UP.
MISSES AND cu1LDnEX's c1oAks AND sn77,
ou11DRESs SCHOOL. cLoAKs AND ULSTER,
! xss::: al; e
LADIES, GESrLEMEN's. AND cuupRsy,a
HOSIERY AND MEKlSo UNDERWEAR
coLoRED DRESS SILKS
i$ :a.;s !: !: :: :::s; :;;;;
vELyErs AND s1LK plUsHEs. ..
sssfe:' sasssa r
WINTER WINTER BREss BREss sSSbs:: so9Bs:
r ana extent Of ssfls. SHOWN. Prices ai1sJs IL
t4D1Es; t4DEEs: shSFH stSFH sBEE1Sss sgIEEEss:
on,sre ssspss piaids fof combinations md .sss ~
Citations with plain goous. y.
---
BLACK CASHMEREs-
Which ores 20 per cent below regular prce4
FULL LINES OF SILK WARP HESRlErr4S,
cAMEI's-HA1R, ARMuREs;; sERGEa.
AND NOVELTIES IN BLACK
DRESS GOODS
89.SlIEMEH's FURNISHING GOODS.
THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE sT0C&
IN THE crrF-AT PRICES POSITIVELY
BELOW COMPETITION. "
, 1881-10-23

COMPANY I, SECOND INFANTRY,
~ viii report ut the nrmory this afternoon ut
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-24
/ Don't caro-.

At 10 o'clock q boot-black stood at the
south door of the Postollicc IN Detroit
looking across Larncd street. A woman
came out of the office and banged the door
against his head and back and heels and
lifted him clear off the steps by the con-
cusson.
81 don't carc-you had no business
therc!' she snapped as he picked himself
up.
''Say, that was real mean," he said, as
he rubbed his head.
"Well, then, keep away from the
DOORS"
~ was goin' to make you Christmas
present." he remarked as hc followed her
up Larncd street.
81 don't want any,"
eyes was goin' to buy you fifty
pound sack Of flour and put it In yer
stockin'."
81 don't care!"
"That's what WIS goin' to do, but I've
concluded not to. Yor see, it would slip
down into the foot of your stockln' an fit
so c)us that ye couldn't git 1t out without
buildin' stagin' an hirin' carpenters an
goin' to more trouble than the flour was
worthl"
She gave him one awful look and he fel
| back, but she had no sooner turned the
corner than she halted before window fol
no other purpose than to get sly look a
her feet and see If they had swcllcd any
since she left home,
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-24
Dissipated Dogs.

OF all the rakcs whose principal pleasure
is to turn night into day, none are more in
vcterate nOctambulists than two characters
well known to that portion of Paris So
cicty which repairs during the small hours
to Peters, tho Hcldcr, etc., for supper
and gay converse. The hardened roucs in
question are two dogs, a poodle OF extreme
woolincss, and q nondcscript, who is gen
orally clothed round like II blanket with
mud, as Sancho Panza was with sleep.
This pair of constant comrades lead Oh cx-
islcnce of the most regular irrcgularlly.
Every night, at about twelve, they may be
seen, always quite mastcrlcss, lounging
about the boulevnrds and earnestly seeking
for some person with the air of noctam-
bulist, till, having made choice after
much dclibcration, they follow their victim
like his shadow until he has reached some
restaurant with intent to sup. If the Gu
ninc confidence is misplaced and the pass
| er-by goes sObcrly home, those registering
blades, the dogs, make their way along up
the broad marble staircase of Peters +,
where, being well known to the frcqucntors
Of that establishment, they arc cordially
received and piled with all the dclicacics
| of the festive board. At the hour of two
L
moment aftcrward at the Hcldcr, on the
other side of the boulevard, and they top
off the evenings excitement at distant all
night establishment near the central mar
ket, Baratte's by name. When the light
of carly morning peeps In upon the scene
Of their rovels, they disappear with the last
Of the night birds and arc bchcld no moro
till one o. m. has again come round. Those
who have made the personal acquaintance
of this remarkable pair state that their
grave enjoyment of their nightly disspa-
tion Is most edifying to witness, and that
their general demeanor reminds one strongly
Of that character in novel by Murger, We
believe, whose pure and patrlarchal face
was never seen but at some pot house Ii
the deepest hours of the night, beamlnl
complacently at the drunken rcyelcr
around him.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-24
HOW to Hang Thermometers.

In the first place the temperature of the
wall of any building, at any hour of the
night or day, is not the true temperature
of the circulating air and Is of no use to
science. A wood wall radiatcs its heat
more rapidly than brick or stone, and
the amateur scientist who hangs his thcr-
mometer On wood wall can force his
mercury down below the amateur who
selects brick wall. The proper way to
expose your thermometer is to surround it
with light wood frame covered with Stats,
like shutter work, and rooted over. This
Will protect it from the direct rays of the
sun and reflected heat. Run q light wood
bar across the centre of your instrument
shelter, to which you can attache ther-
momcters, which should be, when properly
exposed, on the north side of the building
and the thermometer at least one foot from
all objects. If these directions are followcd
erroneous reports of extreme cold weather
will not find their way into print so often.
1t Is not very funny thing for the press
to report 25 deg. below zero when 15 deg.
represented the true temperature of the
circulating air. 1t gives persons wrong
impression of your climate.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-24
Jinlny's Scalp.

Ihls was the way it happened. | wa
playing Indian In the yard. | had a wood
eh lohiahawk and wooden scalping knit,
ana bow an arrow. l was dressed II,
III ms 1ather's old coat turned inside ont
ana had SIX chicken feathers in nv ha,r
was playing that was Green Thunder
the Delaware Chief, and was hunting fo1
pale faces In the yard. 1t was lust aftc,
supper ana was having real nice time
Slr. lraVers came, and he said, ",Jimmy
what are you up to now?" So / told him
was Green Thunder, and was on the war
path. Said he: Jimmy, l think | saw
hr. Martin Oh his way here. DO YOU tbinh
you would mlnd scalping him9" l said
wouldn't scalp him for nothing. for tbot
would be cruelty; but if Mr.. Travcrs was
sure that Dir. Martin was the enemy of the
red man, then Green Thundcrs heart wo hid
acne for revenge, and I'd scalp him with
pleasure. Alr. Travcrs said that the gen.
lienan was notorious enemy of the In
o1ans, and gave me ten cents and sud that
as soon as Nlr. Martin should come, and be
SUING comfortably On the piazza, was to
give Inc war whoop and scalp him.
wen, IN few minutes he came, and he
ana Nlr. Iravcrs and Susan Sat on the
piazza and talked as If they were all pleas
Gu 10 see each other, which was the high
eSI hypocrisy ia the world. After while
hartin saw me and SAID: GLOW silly boys
are! that boy makes believe he is an Indi-
an, when he is only IL silly nuisance" Now
This made me mad, and thought | would
give nm good scare, just to teach him
not 10 call me names, l began to steal
softly up the steps, and to ret around h.l
nlhd nm When L got within about ak
feet OF him gave u war-whoop and iumn-
ed at him. l caught hold of his scalp-
with one hand and drew my wooden knife
around his head with the other.
l never got such Il fright in nv whole
lie! My knife was that dull it would not
cut butler, but true as l sit here, Mr. Mnr-
tlns whole scalp came right off in my hand
thought had killed HIM, and | dropped
ms scalp and raid: "For mercy sakel I
aidh I mean TO do it, and Pm awful sorry.
,u' he just took up his scalp. stuffed il in
Ills pocket, clapped his hat on his head,
ana walked OF, saying to Susan, 81 didn't
come here to be insulted by little wretch
who deserves the galows"
MIR. lrayers anu Susan never said n word
until he had gone, and then they laughed
until The noise brought father out to see
"nat was the matter. When he Lenr,
what had happened, he did not laugh, but
looked very angry, and SAID that Mir. Mar
Tin was very worthy man, My son, you
may come up stairs with me-"
III you have ever been boy you know
what happened upstairs, and needn't saw
any more on a very painful subject.
uiont mind IT 30 much, for | thought nv
vlctim would die, and l would be but in
jail ana hung, but before she went to bed
susan came to my door and whispered
through the key-holc that it was all right;
Ihat hlartln was. made that way, 80 Lc
coula DC taken apart easy, and that hadn't
hurt him. I'll have TO sfav in nv ro>r,
with scaips rlaC nlay r..J. ...., -ool.,
if boy just touches them, it isn't fair to
blame the boy.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-24

"Bnt," looking at him half frightened. a
Lion bounds forward with q loud Cheerful
Dark 10 meet stalwart old man who come
suodcnly around a corner, his hat in ont
hahd ana a red silk handkerchief in tn,
otner, and who shouts the moment h,
catches sight of her:
why, girl, where have you been2 Wha
on carth's the matter2"
Bessie leaves unfinished the "Butn-be
gun speech and runs laughingly to him. and
taklng inc nat from his hand, fans him en-
crgeticaily'while she explains: "Charle,
was inc matter, father. You can't think
now aggrayating he's been. lie wouldn',
go until this gentlcman"-with anotbr,
pretty blush-''was kind enough to make
hin CO." N'"A>
Ihe old man looked keonly at the
young one. And pray where did YOU
come from, and who may you be?" he
asked sharply.
Il Will tell you where came from, and
no" happened to meet your daughter, at
some future time. Meanwhile Won viii
learn from this who am"-handlng - card
70 % inc OLD farmer, on which was engraved
"Charles Marks, Jr."
Uur ola landlady's nephew and heir 2n
nc same, at your service and having
no uesire, in spite of my agents arrange,
menus 10 the contrary, to begin my life at
DalsyVille ny turning so worthy tenant "
YIN MS heart he added with so prettv q
daughter') "out of the house he has occu-
pied 80 many years, was just proposing TO
MISS Grey as you made your appearance
mat Charley should be stopped IN his mad
career, and once for all be turned toward
his old home"
Are you quite in earnest sir 2"
Never more SO in my life. Whom. Chor-
ley, poor OLD boy !" and around went horse
and wagon, and off started the fiery stecd
30 last that they could no longer follow him.
hon 'leaped yard in the air." in the
exuDcrance of his delight galloping by his
side. ~ A'0
. lies all right" SAID the old man, his
lace beamlng with happiness. And won't
lnother look wonderfully surprised when
she sees him coming up the lanc2 l don't
know how to thank you, SIR"
'Do'tt thank ME. deserve no thanks u
says Charles Marks, holding aside q low
hanging tree branch that Bessie NAV nass
under. "And the new gardener3S q asks
BESSIE, looking back at HIM.
'Wlll have rooms over the stnb]e You
Know RL,' go" said they were very comfort
but your train ?" persists Bessie. with
inc hrst gleatn Of coquctry that ever spark
led in her blue eyes.
'pd much rather walk" SAWS Mr.
Marks. '' i
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-24
s'llRI-W ! EEKLY EDITION.
AWAKE.

The sun gets up.in the morning -
And lifts his stately bead;
Open your eyes, my sleep, skier,
The sunis out of bed! q
The moon is very timid,
She dare not meet tile sun,
With heieh no! the stars must 20.
And hide themselves ono by one.
The sun gets up in the morning,
I'll Q world is all sltght.
Every tree j. full Of glee,,
Every blossom bright; ~
Every bird is singing
A welcome,to his King,
With a"Well'done. beautiful sun
You glorlfy everything"
The sun gots,up in tho morning,
And 30 must children, too;
How dare you koop fast asleep,
.. Tho sun is calling you!
Mid all tho birds and blossoms
Your merry voices raiso
With a hprrah !! How glad we are
D. Wo have got q sun to praise!
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-24
The Toad,


is highly vcnomous. Dogs and other ami
mails lnoculatcd with toad poison have
soon died: A boy in Paris accidentally
seized toad, received the poison through
a wound in his hand, and in spite of the
best medical assistance, shortly after died.
This poison exudcs through the skin of the
back when the animal ls violently molcstcd,
and is the only defence it has against it's
numerous foes, for it cannot bite like the
snake, nor bound out of sight in single
spring like the frog. A toad might be
handled a thousa nd times without i'll re-
suits, since it is necessary condition that
the skin of the hand should be broken to
afford the liquid poison ingrcss to the
veins; yet considering what has been
proved by patient investigation, it is not
unimportant to warn all, but particularly
boys, who arc 50 often inclined to emulate
each other in clever feats, not to make a
plaything or a pet Of tho toad, nor, on the
other hand, to ill-trcat it, but simply to
let it alone. Dogs froth at the mouth when
encouraged to worry toad, and cats, it Is
said can never be got TO touch them. The
poison has been proved by recent expert
mcnt to be exceedingly active, and no one
can be too careful in avoiding contact with
it. at the same time the creature ls per-
fcctly harmless when not mcddlcd with,
and useful as a destroyer Of insects. When
it is ovcrtakcn in the lane, or on the foot
path, it will always show the greatest hum
blcncss and respect; it will hobble away
out of sight as fast as it can, and give you
all the road to pass. The eye is the only
part Of the toad that can be called b4autl.
full, but is seldom observed. The lustrous
eye ID unquestionably jewel of rare valne,
and it is the only attractive feature tina,
the toad is endowed with to compcnsat {
for Its general uglincss.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1881-09-08
A North Carolina Gold Coin.

An Alabama editor says: "a few
days ago rare S. gold coin was hand.
ed us by Mr.. l.. Breazeale, of Calera,
for inspection. Said coin was about
the size of silver quarter-a shade
thicker, the color of "old gold," and was
inscribed as follows: On one side.
Carolina gold, August 1st, 1884. 140
C. 20 carats.' On the other side, &C.
Betchler. AT Rutherf*. dollars
The history of this coin, as we learned
from Mr.. B., is about this: A gentleman
by the name of Betchler owned and
worked gold mine in North Carolina
about the date shown on this coin. At
this time transportation facilities were
not so good as they have become since,
and the means of communication were
much more limited. On this account
Betchler found some difficulty in get
ting his gold-dust to market and to the
mints, and he formed the idea of coin
ing it himself. Not wishing to infringe
upon the government, or to be con-
sidered a counterfeiter, he ascertained
the exact amount of gold contained in
the different varieties of gold coins
coined by the government, made his
own dies, and coined his gold dust in
his own name, stamping his own
name and the value upon each, as
shown above. This was known
throughout North Carolina as Betch-
lers gold, and passed among the people
OF that state, and elsewhere where the
facts were known, as readily as the
gold coins that bore the stamp of the
government mints. The IS coin we
saw, and which Mr.. B. had in his pos
session, is beautiful one, and is well
worthy of a place in the cabinet of q
numismatologist."
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1881-09-08
A Cruise on the Norway Coast.


l imagined that going to the North
cape 1 should leave behind not civili-
zation exactly, but the frequent re-
minders of men; yet every day of our
northern progress we come upon busi-
ness centres of lie and energy. The
carrying of tourists to the North cape
is small part of the errand of the
weekly steamer which stops at sixty
or more stations between Thorndhjem
and Hammerfest, both going and re-
turning, and often is detained it may
be four or five hours to receive or
deliver freight-detention which the
traveller often welcomes as opportuni-
ties for rambles inland. The little
towns impressed me by nothing more
than by the Importance of the book
store and the bookbinder's shop. Each
had one, and the stock was very differ
ent from that miscellaneous collection
which one finds in village or seaside
towns at home. Then the hardihood
and patience and good temper of the
laborers, who worked hour after hour
in transferring the cargo from ship
to boat, or from boat to ship, were
always conspicuous. Nor could we
ever get beyond the reach of Norwe-
gian industry. Upon the night we
first saw the midnight sun, everything
about us was wild and solitary. Sea-
gulls brooded upon the water, and
were awakened only by our passage.
They flew about the steamer, and a
whale passed by near enough almost
for us to strike his back. There we
were a merry party, laughing on the
deck, and far as we could see there
was nothing but waste of silent wa
ters and rocks and snow; not a tree
not a house, not sign of verdure
But we were not alone, for there in
the distance were dots of fishing boats
and each had its men, dropping theil
lines into the implanted deep. Wher
we came to Hammerfest, the northern
most town of the world, We found
theatre bills peeling from the posts
and read that "Jane Eyre" had beer
performed there three weeks before.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1881-09-08
Sheep Notes.
thsrn Livestock Journal.

southern Livestock journal.
According to the best information.
there are about 100000 sheep in
Texas. This will probably be increas-
ed 20 per cent during the coming
lambing season, bringing the number
up to 5,5OO,OOO. Valuing them at
s., so each would make the total val
uation of sheep in Texas $13,800,O0O.
A French entomologist asserts that
the wool of different countries can be
distinguished in market by the beetles
which frequent the bales. He has
identified forty-seven species in Aus
tralian wool; forty-two in South Afri-
can wool; thirty in South American
wool; sixteen in Spanish wool; and six
in Russian wool.
Some idea of the immense flocks
of sheep owned by ''squatters" in
New Zealand, may be inferred in the
following, mentioned in a recent gov
ernment Gazette, published at Canter-
bury, N. H.: Robt. Campbell has $780,
600 head; Dalzell s. Co., 208,00O; Geo.
Henry Moore 10000 head; Clifford
& Wood $4,000; Mr.. Ketchum $4,000;
Mr.. Mclean 10000; Sir Dillon Bell
$4,000.
The Australians have very strin-
gent law for eradiction of scab in
sheep. They have estate Scab In
spectOrs," whose business it is to see
that the law is enforced. Every sheep
owner who discovers indications of
scab in his flock is obliged to notify
all flock masters within a certain
radius, of the fact, and also to post
notices in public places. If the dis
ease is not stamped out within 80 days
the diseased animals must be killed.
The result is that scab has almost dis
appeared from Australian flocks.
Statistical calculations have evolv-
ed the fact that increase in the pop
ulatiOn of the United States has doub-
led once in twenty-three years. 1t is
now about 100000 larger than in
1860, and the natural inference is
that in 1890 it will be about 64,OOO,-
600. Allowing four pounds of wool to
each person, it will require 256, 100000
pounds of wool to meet the require
ments of the inhabitants of this coun-
try ten years hence. We are now
large importers of wool, and yet we
have countless acres of grazing lands
as eyes ever looked at, with plenty of
water, and climate in almost any sec
ton of the country we'll adopted to
the raising of sheep and the csltiva-
tiOn of wool. The growing demands
for goods of all kinds of which wool
forms the component part, makes it
almost compulsory that this branch of
industry should be carfully matured.
In worsted goods our trade is growing
rapidly, and unless we get our supply of
wool from our own growers, this
trade must leave our shores for the
more hOspitable ones of England and
France, where it is tenderly watched
over, as it is an important source of
wealth. We could and we should turn
the balance of our trade in our favor
especially where there is so little cost
attached, and the inducements are Sc
great.
Barbour County index. [volume] (Medicine Lodge, Kan.) 1880-current, 1881-09-08
Progress of Christianity,

The Rev. DIR. Dorchester delivered
an address in Wesleyan Hall, Boston,
on the progress of Christianity in the
whole world, since 1900. Until the
present century, says the lecturer, there
was no trustworthy data of the worlds
population. Prior to 1880, it was va
riously estimated from 642,0OO,OOO to
737,0OO.000. In 1850 it wGs reckoned
at 1,OO0,000,000. Prof. Schem's esti-
mate makes the present population l.
437, 100000. The progress of Christ
ianity from the fourth or fifth century
up to 1900 was confined almost entire
ly to Europe. The nominal Christians
in the world in the third century num-
bered 100000; up to the eighth CEN
tury they had increased 30,OO0,OOO; in
the tenth century, 50,00O,OOO; in the
fifteenth century, 100,000,000; in the
last 800 years the increase has been
zoo, ,0OO,0 900, or as much as in the pre-
vious fifteen centuries. In 1880, there
were 100000 nominal Christians.
In 1900 there were 80,000,0O0 Catho-
lies, 2O,OOO,OO0 Greek Christians and
no Protestants; in 1880, 116,OOO,OOO
Roman Catholics, 100000 Greek
Christians and 100000 Protestants:
In 1880, the respective numbers were
2O9,OOO,OO0, 8S,000,000 and 113OOO.-
OOO, showing an increase of so per
cent. among the Papists, 26 per cent.
In the Greek church and 176 among the
Protestants. The probable number of
nominal Christians in the world in the
year 1000 was estimated by DIR. Dor
chester at from l 100000, 900 to l, ,95O.-
OOO,OOO. The populations living under
Christian Governments in 1900 num-
bered 1OO,0OO,O00: in 100 155, 600. 600:
1850, 300,OO0,000; 1876, 685,OOO,OOO,
divided as follows: Papal 10000. 900
IN 800. 9O,OOO,0O0 in 100, 134. .OOO.-
600 in 1880, 181 100000 in 1876
Greek 20,OO0,O00 in 1900, $4,000. 900 in
100, 60,000,000 in 1880, 96,OOO.OOO in
1876; Protestant, none in 1900. 81 ono
600 in 100, 194,OOO,OOO in 1880.
408,OOO,OO0 in 1876. OF the $1,000.
600 square miles of the earth's sur
face, 100000 are under the control
of Christian governments and 10000
600 under Pagan and Mohammedan.
OF the area under Christian domina-
ton 15,500,O00 square miles are ruled
by Protestant governments, 9,5OO,OOO
by Roman Catholic and $4,000 by the
Greek church. In 1900 the Bible was
printed in one-fifth of the languages of
the world; it is now printed in nine.
tenths. Three million Bibleshad been
printed in 1900; 160,OO0,OOO in from
200 to $50 languages and dialects have
since been circulated. In the Sunday
Schools in 1880 there were 1000. .OO0
officers, teachers and scholars: there
are now over 100000. In the Prot,
estant Foreign missions IN 1880 there
were 70,289 communicates; in 1850
21O,O57; in 1880, 857,332. ADDING
those at missions not reporting the az
gregate would probably be 1,O5O.O0(
communicates and 2. 500, 900 hearers OF
adherents. OF the 857 1872 communi
cants 63,813 were formerly Pagan, ant
193, ,449 Papal, Jewish or Rationalistic