, 1881-10-02

shnns were made in Massachusetts almost
entirely BY hand and tile rolill,lete hi ,.i,nr y"
ono pair required an average uay ia4"'t.
Eul 1T the }!tse,t !'H w. tite ;1s n,x,' n4.s
INT At lc SAINT. time drives !,'AH' ~ 3helh
into shoes III one minnie. gang ol len ii.r.
is abl,: III turn out Gtk> I,;t!rs :" conP.h.e NJ .he
sEiird .aiwr II operate these 1l;lciles are
abuut - per cent lllnre tllal tifc .llo!e PIN! p,'
live labor of twenty Years ago. al'ti lt'e slu.s
produced by ii arr estimated T." os - p'iii
c>ult better than these p!"lt'cel ny Iit1st.
I'M ,s il rtuuires more ApertlrsS 10 opel;tie
t]Ic machines lIs:n tu make shoes ny it,t GU
mrll,n,ls the higher wascs ar? p;'u only l;,l ri
the increased skill Ut the workman. :slu ~!
fact there has been 10 lllrre;'Sc'1 Wages nut
rather u decrease, for the same degree oI
skill.
however is that trn ule!l. wl'tyst skill Wouln
ntl kc them eilta: to say hiteeh or !"e1'ls ~
,l;t; wnrk1u.H Of 1wentE years ago. NOW q"
lie work ut sIk! such men Wt'rklii3 ny tie
oil; ,lrtll.,s and 1roilcc 'O times tt'c '';ll-
1ity ut gnods. If il be arSuch tfi:'t ING cpst
Ot these shoes 70 thc r"ts'llc1 Is o'l!s Ap""t
half lis much as twenty years ago. ttiete Is
sill the fact that tho ten lnel' HOW produce
:sA tines the aggregate VALUE .nt snotts 10 ne
sud that were prud,rch by the same 1!'lnt"f
Of wo'smcn twenty years aSn. II ':., tl'H n:A,
fpfty a,,t nay Of these ten skilled Wo'klfsell
j, cuuu! IL the cxpertncss and WAGES oi
| Tic twenty sncnak's If twenty Years aSo.
| then the demand for :uni pay u laDor III lle
shoe manufacturers las Mn'''I =; ~. ,n",i,v. .
i nlcnt and pay Of labor. II Is necessary il''et
ill., demand for shoes should li1vc lncrcasvta
Ian per cent. ar in the same ratlo .:ls '1D
pai!s Va oiI' , -, - ,,rn,t, n1irs ri shines pr,,-
! lucr.i By the Old nrtnnlS.
| It will br seen that, Notwithstanding. lNe
| diminished cost II separate ;ftic!tS " popts
and shoes and clothing elected ny ll. lst sl
/ .1Ift q
lth"l-slllS 1'aen,''i - ,i.'s i.,o ~, t,c market
la, rsess,l FRA! assi "c5s 2 ~ ,i!an r. tic o;. in;
ci!'j.; S!IIIs III tl'' e'"p'0' '''~''$ - 0 "
""f"s' ,>,,.,,,crn
THE SUPPLY OF coon, Has -. iNe Mi :, ',,s
beyond the ability I" buy. We'll. Sa;s
some ltna,' nIleIt , ir t,,,. ,,r,; If tiie,,,
! goods will have to dcrlIlic: itild mus p'!'S
them within the means Ut p,!rchase ~ d
| larger number Of cu'Su1lcra. l'It elc
Utopian polisic;.t et"oM'st "ver1'ks te,;ne ;;,e
fact that il Tue prices " tlese G'o..s 'yv'.' ~; !,
will require that the east pi pio!lcsnS lileSe
! guntls shonltt also decline; thai - li!;s1 .,e
/ future wages vi those employed Ill 1ic
manufacture OF these: goods be rtd.trt!' '.' ll'
proportion or Else that the ri" lll;tteritls ~
male clleapcr In :lthcr case, IL w., w T..
fact Il diminished employment "l: 81, " II TX; ~,
creased compensation ~, ~ tttt, IT, @ ,n,,lJ tn
buy. This inevitable result III tile c!capeil-
iug Of labor by labor-s2'ln1 machinery
! 1s,,,1r1.y SECTEAI.iZEp
thar. - ottiyity in emigration and
in srr..:,t nublic nr private inlprnycment>-As
Inn,2 ms new states and Territories are being
titI,, uu, Emigration 10 Australia AMI Z all
t fUr1lia. trauscu,li,lcntal railways. anu i'!ter-
oceanic slip-canals-a!l tAcsc things repre-
Sent tile temporary rellstr:hlt!oh oi p'!-
tlun Of tie capital that Tat oech hre!'u'''t- ~ ~ IT,
cd int" Individual fortunes j., Ina .a: luz 40
! SOON rs there is Il cessation III hese:iiN e.
nlents the effects OF the chcapenihS .!
the greatly increased supply ~
/ goods as compared with lie snl'i'cr
i increase in the employment of l;tooI ny l';.t-
Sut Ut labur-suyny machinery, begins u gc
! 3..r in the general decline nf ;!l property
save money. i:u. again, i Will III. argued
| ty others that il is 'nsEi!leu llooi tl''st IS
chtaprac.l by the use vi lallor-sa't;lS ~ li!t.-
..i;incry This is only partly lrue. The
chrtptl,if1y ut labor by machinery :!i'ectS inc
! ursl:illcd labor first: but is surely ;sl1etts
tnr skilled labor 10 lis great s extent Il lltttc
later.
There is {, strange paradox IN n! inns III,
crease uf ull5atlstietl desire and oi 'c1lial
: suffering and starvation attendant upon ttie
: progress Of civilization when We take INTO
Uuc-fourtIl of the civilized world is retire'i
m finnish fuot. and c!othing for tt,t: Whole
| 'rl,r ,lnjIy labor uf about unt-thtru Df lht
. oi,lt ,u,,,1lutiou of Europe aud Amer.
;rn If rmployeI in agriculture, WOult
; sunuy for tie whole :,50, GU0, 900 Of people III
butiI countries, food, clothing. and shelter o'
a u{lality eul1ll to those used by the medium
..ISss nf aoricnltural population Oh both con
| ti,ic,,ts.
!; rn st-u 1,r TIL: FOREGOING ARGUMENTS
, l" - :" - A. -. .. ,,,,.;,,,. ,rat1,n,