davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
Very Old People.
MAN OF 109 WHO LOST HIS WIFE AFTER
NINETY YEARS OF MARRIED LIFE.

A MAN OF 10S WHO LOST HIS WIFE AFTER
NINETY YEARS OF MARRIED LIFE.
In Montreal, in January, 1889, Michael
Gannue and Melissa GAMER were married.
He was II, she was IA. In 1901 they re-
moved to Scot5sburg, now Scottsville, this
county. There they lived together for
seventy-eight years. On the 5th of De-
cember, 1879, Mrs. Gannue died, aC the
age of 103 years, after married life of
eighty-nine years. Her husband is still
living, 1OS years old. He lives with his
son-in-law, George Muir, at 81 Munger
street, in this city. He is sound mentally.
With the exception of being cripple from
a fall he had sixteen years ago, his physi-
cal condition is excellent. He became
blind in his Goth year. He was blind six
years, when his sight gradually returned.
When his wife was dying he stood by her
bedside When she could no longer speak
to him, he became so affected that his eye
sight failed again. On the day of her
burial he was escorted to her coffin to take
his last look at his venerable consort. He
could not see her face. He exclaimed Bit
terly: sit is hard, after living nearly nine
ty years with her, that she must be taken
WV AACA
again ~ He had never been known to
weep before.
Mr.. Ganauei is basket-maker. He has
not worked at his trade since he became a
cripple. He is an inveterate user of to-
bacco, but never drank Intoxicating liquor.
His wife bore sixteen children. Eight
three sons and five daughters-are still
living. There are living besides, thirty
eight grandchildren. twenty-three great
grand children, thirteen great-great-grand
children, eight great-great-g grand
children, and five great-great-gr
grandchildren. A few months ago Nh.
Gannue's eyesight was again renewed.
Joseph Ludlow, aged 104, lives in the
village of Bergen. He was born in Baden,
Germany, and has been twice married.
He is sound mentally and physically. He
varies his life by visiting his children. who
live in the surrounding counties. He
milks, saws apd chops wood, and is as &C
tive as a healthy man of so. His Oldest
child is S3.-Rochester In. Y. Star.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

| At the last meeting of the Board of Su
pervisors, of Botetourt county, they CON
sented to the building of the Valley rail
road to Lexington and its stoppage there
| upon the condition that Botet0urt county
| is to be released from any clam upon he1
| for the balance 1896, 000) of her unpaid sub.
| scription. The individual unpaid subscrip.
| tions by citizens of that county shall also
| be released.
Thomas Carlyle bequeathed the books he
| used in writing the life of Frederick the
Great and Oliver Cromwell, to Harvard
College, Mass, in token of his ''hearty
good will real and steady to America at
large" and in recognition of what i'm
mensities of worth and capability | be-
lieve and partly know. to be lodged espec-
ally in the silent classes there"
The Merino sheep of Australia turn off
heavy feeoes, The Queenslander (Brisz
bane) states that full-mouthed ram S
fleece from the well-known Wanganella
flock weighed 22a pounds, at eleven
months and three weeks growth; 1913 hog
get rams gave fleeces averaging II pounds
The Jacksonville (Florida) "Union'' re-
ports that vegetables in and around that
city, especially the cucumbers, Watermel-
ons and young beans, were very much in
jured Friday night by the freeze. Ice
formed In almost every portion of the city
and suburbs.
The Shenandoah Valley Agricultural
Society has invited President Garfield to
deliver their annual address at the fair, at
Winchester, In October. The President
| a. -L,E l. ;,xl,H he h,,t o,,Jl
commit himself for the address.
A Philadelphia tells ''Gath" that Col
Thomas A. SCOTT. though physically bro
ken down from the enormous work of
nearly forty years, has not quit poor, and
is worth from $40, 000,0 900 to $4,000 900.
Rev. DR.. L. W. Bates of the Methodist
PROTESTANT church of Lynchburg, with
two members of bis household. was made
jill Saturday by eating diseased beef liver.
The corner stone of the MASONIC Hall at
Monterey, Highland, was laid on the 9th
inst, and Notwithstanding the bitter
weather the attendance was large.
The Spottswood Hotel, at Harrisonburg,
has been leased by Samuel e. Schindel,
late Of Harris Hotel Winchester. 1T is to
be repaired anG greetly improved.
The hammer with WHICH John Paul
Jones nailed the historic flag to the mast
of his ship is owned by a. gentleman in In
diana, Pa.
Mrs. Elizabeth Owens. who was the first
girl baby born in Louisville, KY, died in
that place few days since, aged lob years.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
The Pirates Of Penzance.

Messrs Editors:
With your permission, desire to make
an earnest appeal to all the ladies and gen.
tlemen who have been requested to assist
in giving the beautiful Opera of ''Pirates
of Penzance'' for the benefit of the eau
gusta Memorial Association"
If the opera is given at all. it must be
done the early part of May. We are now
behind in our rehearsals, owing to the ab-
sence of many singers; indeed, we have
never had a full rehearsal yet.
My earnest appeal to all the singers now
is, come regularly and come a)unctually at
O'Clock to the appointed place on Monday
and Friday of every week, and we will
give the opera as well as it can be given
anywhere. If you cannot come, let the
Memorial Committee know, that we may
not waste any more time.
Can't we have full rehearsal tonight
friday at o. clock at the Band Room
Most Respectfully,
E. LOUIS IDE.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

Republican, for circuit court clerk, and
VIM. Ayre, Mahonite, for county clerk.
We copy the following specimen of po-
itical literature from the Rockbrldge
Enterprise an ardent advocate of Gen.
Malone. 1t is headed. ''Teacher and Pu-
pill:
Teacher-1n what particular may we
liken Gen. Malone to our Saviour!
Pupil-Why, in this, because he preach
es free salvation; without money and
without price.
Teacher-Why has Gen. Malone be-
come so distas+eful to the Funders?
Pupil-The reason is obvious-he ''sour-
ed" on them.
T.-Why did he ''sour2"
P.-Too much brains; they couldn't dl-
gest him.
with reference to the Hon. John
Paul, and Paul the Apostle, (who was also
a Readjuster) will you please to mention
| some of the peculiar characteristics OF the
! former, which, are in such pleasing con-
trast with the latter?
Pin the first place; the Hon. John
| Paul is a man Of much learning, and sec
| ondly, stands prominently high as an or
! ator.
l. T.-Can you not trace the analogy St i'll
! further.
P.-Yes, sir. lam now reminded Of the
| fact, that the Hon. John PAnl. (like the
Apostle Paul) while witnessing the vile
and priestly persecution of his people. had
the ''scales knocked from his eyes,"
T.-And in consequence of which, what
was the result?
| P.-Very saIutarv. indeed, sir. He is
now a preacher of Righteousness, and has
already contributed largely TO the over
| throw OF the Bourbon priesthood.
Inlay we not with prOpriety. com
pare the Hon. John Paul to great Eagle
| and if SO, why?
P.-We may; because he scars very
high; so much so, the Funders, as yet have
| been unable to reach him.
T.-Have you any idea who will be sscall
ed of God'' from the funder ranks next
| fall, to represent Rockbrldge in the next
| Legislature?
P.-I have not. 1t is to be hoped, how
ever, that we shall never again be bored
by the Munchausen prophecies of the
Funding Billies'' and Peter Monkeys.
Gen. L. A. Sheldon IS President Gar
fields ''best friend" The N. Y. Chimes
| (Rep.) Published on Monday an interview
of its Washington correspondent witt
him. Among the subjects discussed wa
Senator Malone of Virginia, II under
stand" said Gen. Sheldon, "that he an(
his friends do not want to go back to Vir
ginia to do battle in the coming campaign
and have their opponents haunting then
with the remark, You haze gone over t.
the Republican party. and haze nothing t
shoap an retatr7.'"
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

In the precari0us position which its lead
er now occupies, the wise man who really
means readjustment and nothing else, will
think long and seriously before commit
ting himself to the new party in Virginia.
Those who are anxious to see the debt of
Virginia settled and gotten out of the
way would do well to wait until the Dem
ocratic convention of August meets and
adjourns. The Malone convention in
May will meet when the fruit of public
opinion is immature and green, the threat
ened Republican convention of Septem-
Der will find it gone from the trees, but the
August convention will gather it full and
ripe.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
0
When.
J. N. OPIE.

When the lion eats grass like an OK,
And the fishing worm swallows the whale,
When terrapinS knit wooden socks,
And the hare is out run by the snail;
When SerpentS walk upright as men,
And doOdle-bugs travel like frogs;
When the grass hopper feeds on the ben,
And feathers are found upon hogs;
When ThOmaS-catS swim in the an,
and elephants rOost upon trees;
When insects in summer are rare,
And snuff never makes people SneeZe;
When fishes creep over dry land,
And mules on velocipedes ride:
When foxes lay eggs in the sand,
And women in dress take no pride:
When Dutcbmep no longer drink beer,
Aud girls get to preaching on time;
MIIel Billy goats butt from the rear,
And treason no longer is crime;
When The hhmnilng bird brays like the ass
And potato bugs sing like the lark;
When plough shares are made out OF glass,
And fias can be caught in the Ozark:
When gas-meters cease to tell lies.
And the cow 1uinpeth over the moon:
When Yankees torsake pumpkin pies,
And the dish runneth after the spoon;
When streams to their fountains flow back,
And Limbl.ger smells like cologne;
When the skin Of the white man turns black.
And the hearts OF YiRglnians to stone;
MOI III then will they follow the track
Or thy ireachery-BILLY MALONE.
- charlottesville Chronicle.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

If Gen. Asa Rodgers understood the i'm
plicit and unbounded confidence the peo-
pie of Virginia have in the skill and integ-
rity with which he administered the affairs
of the Second Auditors Office, he would
never go into newspaper controversy to
establish either. In the eyes of Virginia
Gen. Asa Rogers stands on pretty much
the same plane that the venerable Judge
Moncure does.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
A BRAVE BABY-A mother living ii

A BRAVE BABY.-A mother living in
Ashville, Alabama, writes an affecting
letter, telling of the miraculous rescue of
her little boy, only three years old, from a
well thirty feet deep that he fell into. She
says on reaching the we'll she saw him rise
to the top of the water, and had the pres
ence of mind to let the bucket down and
tell HIM to take hold of it, which he did.
She sent her other three children away to
procure help, but the boy let GO the buck
ct from weakness, and sank again to his
chin. She lowered the bucket so that he
could take hold of ring tied on to the
rope for the purpose of sinking the bucket.
For an hour and q half the child held on,
begging in his baby talk for mamma to
come down and take him out. She could
only reply, Hold on, Bobby" and he did
So At length a lady came to her assis-
lance, and tying moose in the end Of a
rope, told him what to do. He put his
foot through the moose and drew it around
his knee. He held on to the bucket and
the two women drew him until within
the reach of the agonizing mother. Safe
to her bosom, she clasped her shivering
baby and praised God for His mercies.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

ROBERT E. LEES DEsCENT.-Co lionel
William Winston Fontalne, principal o
an academy in Louisville, KY, read a long
paper before the Southern Historical Soci :
ETY. of that city at recent meeting, in
which he claimed that Robert E. Lee was
seventeenth in direct descent from Robert
Bruce, OF Scotland, and possessed very
many of his notable character sites.
Moreover. that Of the five heroes who par
ticularly distinguished themselves on the
glorious field of Bannock burn, Lee,
through the same channel, was the direct
descendant of four, namely, King Robert,
Thomas Randolph, Earl OF Moray, Wal
ter, the High Steward, and Sir Robert de
Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

The friends of Gen. Malone may estab-
lish indisputabiy the fact that in 1880 the
peoples support was never asked for him
as Democrat, but they can never contro-
vert the assertion that nine-tenths of the
Democratic Readjusters who have follow
ed him heretofore did so because they be-
aieved Re was Democrat, and that in the
full party sense of the word-or that, had
'le died or retired from the leadership and
Republican had attempted to lead, the
organization would not have promptly fall
len to pieces. All that can be said now is
that the real Democratic voters were de-
celved by play with words.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

The stock answer of Gen. Mahone's fol-
lowers during the campaign of 1880 to the
charge of coalition with the Republicans
was ''well wouldn't you let them vote
with you if they wanted TOP" Unhappily
Gen. Malone has since his arrival in
Washington obliterated this apt reply; in
stead of his letting the Republicans vote
with him, he is voting sOith the Repabli-
cans. A clear surrander .a19sh~-
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

WELL MARRIED.-Therei is a lady liv-
Ing in this county who has had FIVE hus-
bands. She lives on the old Hightown
Trail, and married four widoWers in sue
cession. The remarkable coincidence con-
nected with this good lady's matrimonial
ventures is that all of her husbands lived
on the same road and just one mile and a
half from each other. The first widower
lived one and half miles from the lady,
who was widow; the second, third and
fourth lived about the, same distance from
each other, SO she has,sin turn, had charge
of each of the residences, and is now liv-
ing happily with her fifth husband within
seven miles OF her original home. Barnes
vile lGa.) Gazette
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

When the first bomb was throwp at the
Gar, he alighted from bis carriage and
said to Cossack in attendance '.Giye
me YOUR handkerchief ~ and the man had
scarcely replied, ''Sir, it is too dirty -
when the second bomb exploded.
Rev. John Wade, of Grant county, W.
Va. who eloped with young girl, has
been arrested near Cumberland and held
for the action of the governor OF West
Virginia on a charge of abduction.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15


Gen. VIM. Malone has applied to the U.
S. Court to be allowed s125,OO0 for five
years service as President of the Atlantic,
Mississippi & Ohio z. r. while it has been
in the hands of Receiver. He says that
he expended thousands of dollars in tray
cling, hotel bills, postage. and clerical Ia
company, for which he has received no re-
Enumeration from this court or any one
else.
An escaped convict from the camp of G.
Il. Mason, contractor, was arrested for
breaking into a house on Kerr's Greek,
Rockbridge, and presented to the Grand
Jury on Monday. He was Identified and
taken back to the convict camp on Tues
day last by Mr.. Mason.
The legislature Of Illinois has made it a
misdemeanor punishable by fine of from
S25 to 5000 to carry a razor as a concealed
weapon. A person buying any deadly
weapon in Illinois has to give his name
and the purpose for which the weapon is
bought.
In the Cooperation Court Monday, Col
VIM. D. Coleman qualified as a Notary
Public, under commission from Gov.
Holiday. Colonel Coleman has also been
appointed a Notary Public for the county
of Pittsylvania. -Danu5lle NeaUs.
Mr.. George 1. Seney, of Brooklyn, N.
Y, has increased his gift to Emory Col
lege (Virglnia) TO 1000, and he also
gives $50. 900 to the Wesleyan Female Col
lege, of Macon, Ga.
Orthodoxy is not in all cases the loser
when clergymen change their belief. The
Rev. F. J. Bartlett, pastor of the Univer-
sallsT church at Chicopec, Mass, has re-
signed to become Methodist.
Rev. W. U. Murklard, D. D., of Balti-
more, has accepted the invitation to preach
the Baccalaureate sermon at Washington
& Lee University. at the commencement.
Mr.. J. B. Smith. near Fairfield, Rock
bridge, has lost some 800 apple trees dur
ing the past winter-rabbits eating off the
bark a foot from the ground.
Frederick county, Va, is to vote May
21st, on $50, 900 subscription to the Mar
tinsburg q Potomac Railroad.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

To prevent being deceived about the po
litical situation in Virginia by the number
of county meetings Of General Mahone's
friends which are s'endorsing'' him, We
should remember that the very same re-
ports preceded the lngloriouS defeat OF
his Electoral ticket last November, and
even deceived the General himself into is
suing the following unlucky prophecy:
COMMITTEE ROOMS,
READJUsTER ORGANIZATION
RICHMOND, October %. 1880.
Let Loe assure you, as 1 do confidently
that your electoral ticket, headed by Cam
eron and Riddleberger and pledged to
Hancock, will carry Che State by plurali.
ty of 25, 600; that it will beat either the
Funder or Grip-sack tickets by this vote
not less. Rely on this.
VIM. MALONE.
Out of the 211, 600 votes cast, Mahone's
ticket only received 3lsO00I! The fact is
that Gen. Malone has In each county some
enthusiastic friends Who can always get
up a meeting of some sort and endorse
anything he does; it is at the polls that
they fall short. They do not repress ent the
majority, which is all important when
election day comes.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

DAVID E. STRASBURG & AIS. VS. ROBERT
~ Ii. STRASBURG.-ln pursuance of a de-
gree of the Circuit Court, of Augusta county, enter
ed March U.s. 1881, in this cause, shall proceed at
my office, in the city OF Staunton, on
Friday, May the 9Th, 1881,
to take an account of any debts outstanding and
unpaid against the estate of Elizabeth Strasburg
decd, ano any other debts OF demands PAYABLE Out
of the fund in this catfSe
JOS. A. WADDELL,
APPS II Commissioner
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
TLIGIBLE FARM FOR SALE.

u
We offer for sale our farm, situated .naaAeaasas.
at Fishersvi1e in this county, con- ga
tanning l40 acres; about Is of wood sSk gss,
land the balance in timothy, clover SSSF{2asssE
and blue grass, excepting about 20 Gaaaasaaaae
acres in cultivation.
The land is strong reddish limestone well divid-.
ed, well watered and tolerably well fenced; large
never failing spring few steps from the door, clear
running water at the stable door, large stable gra
BILE dwelling, and the c. & o. R. R. is the eastern
boundary line OF the whole length of the place with
IN 10 minutes walk OF churches, schools stores and
dairying unexcelled; its nearness to depot and
village the quality and quantity of the land, the
and present an opportunity for Investment rarely
offered.
Address,
Mrs. SALLIE B. RICHARDSON
Staunton, or
EDWIN M BROWN
april 3m FiSherSvsle. |.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
Wednesday, April 20, 1881,

the undivided tmee-fourths of that valuable farm
on the Cowpasture River which the said George
A Mayse now resides, containing sa4ssasssa
23S acres more or less; a good por- 1872 %
ton of said farm is first-class River sMks
bottom land, in fine state of Guilt
walton. There is on the farm COM @SSS24Aessassa>
Portable dwelling and other necessary buildings.
Upon the whole this is a most desirable farm. The
land is admirably adapted to both grain and grass
and offers chance to those wishing to secure
a good farm for small amount of money.
TERMS OF SALE-Ten per centum of the pur-
four months and the residue thereof in three equal
instruments, at twelve, eighteen and twenty-four
nths from the day of sale, all of said deferred in
The purchaser to execute bonds for said deferred
instruments, with good personal security, waving
the Homestead Exemption and the legal title there
to to be retained as ultimate security
VIM. NJ MCALLISTER,
mar25 ids General Receiver and Com'r.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

[Cincinnati Irish Citizen]
MI. John Miller, of 81 West Fifth ST.,
tells us that he was cured by the use of
st. Jacobs Oil, of complicated case of
rheumatism of ten years standing.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
n COMMISSIONERS SALE
v OF A VALUABLE
RIVER BOTTOM FARM,
IN BATH COUNTY, VA.

The undersigned General Receiver of the Circuit
Court of Bath County. who as such was duly ap
pointed a Commits Toner for the purpose, by decree
pronounced by said Court at its September term.
1877, in the chancery cause therein pending in the
name of Winn & Cauthorn for &c, and John J. Cupp
as Plaintiffs and George A Mayse Defendant,
lie auction to the highest bidder, in front of the
Warm SPRINGS Hotel, in said county, on
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
New Advertisements.

OWING to the continued illness of the senior
~ member of the firm, the partnership be-
tween DrS. WILSON & KUNKIEis this day mutually
dissolved.
JOSEPH WILSON,
COOPER d. KUNKEL,
aprl5 3t* April lst 1851
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15
COMMISSIONERS SALE,
APPS At

DRIVATE SALE.-1 will sell privately a. fine CIR.
y Zing Farm within miles of Waynesb orc. OF,
the Blue Ridge Mountain 1t will be sold at a fair
price ard will be shown to any party desiring to
purchase, by calling on me at my residence near
MaynesDoro For further information address me
at WayneSboro-BoX No. 5 ~
apl l-3t* MRS. SIMEON KOINER
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

PONNIEBELL!
ID AND
OTHER POEMS, BY
REV. EDWARD S. GREGORY.
For sale at
apr15 OLIVIER'S BOOK STORE.
COMMISSIONERS OFFICE
~ STAUNToN, April 9th, 1881.
QuidOr's EXT. VS.. Quidor's widow SC
All parties interested in this cause pending in
the Circuit Court, Of Augusta county, are notified
that, have fixed upon the
9th day Of May, naent.
at my Office to state the accounts required by the
decree of April I'd, 1884, based upon the petition of
Jacob Crum, at which time and place they will at
tend without further notice.
JOHN NJ KINNEY,
aprl5 At Commissioner.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

XMANTED.-A DAIRYMAN to take charge of
w twenty-five cows Sober and industrious
Also, want Blacksmith good Wheeright
can do well here.
Apply to
, JOHN L. EUBANK,
APPS 2t* Warm Springs, Bath County, Va.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

E'OR RENT-"LITTLE GIANT BIILLs."-This
IL is one of the most desirable Merchant Mills
in the Valley is located Immediately on the " H.
r. and Valley Turnpike, and is only miles from
Staunton. Will lease for a number OF years to the
right kind of man. For terms apply to
LEWIS HARTMAN,
Mill Brook Depot,
aprl5 it Augusta Co., Va.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

NIRGINIA-In the Clerks Office. Circuit Court
OF Augusta County, March 3lst, 1881
VIM. I. Rush, Admir- C. t. a. of Henry ,Jewett
Churchman, decd, plaintiff.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

s. REWARD
Lost strayed or stolen from Y. M. Bickle's near
Staunton, On or about the 18th of March a medium
Leather collar on, answers to the name Of Prince
Very kind and friendly. Return to this Office or
Thomas Jefferson, WaYnesb0rO, Va.
aprl5 IT. JNO. w. NICKLIN.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

Orthodoxy is not in all cases the loser
when clergymen change their belief. The
Rev. F. J. Bartlett, pastor of the Univer-
sallsT church at Chicopec, Mass, has re-
signed to become a Methodist.
Staunton vindicator. [volume] (Staunton, Va.) 1860-1896, 1881-04-15

Mr.. J. B. Smith. near Fairfield, Rock
bridge, has lost some 800 apple trees dur
ing the past winter-rabbits eating off the
bark a foot from the ground.