, 1881-07-31

|
dsbciieved, and G Granr Shepherd s; Co. 'na!
ratu(nte themselves on the cuptute of twl
would:be sharers IN their bonanza
FIELD MARsHALs.
OF the Esunk-iEilitary Cii1eftaI11s o
England.
/ St. James Gazette. (Lo,don>.
| Even if the War Office should carry out it,
| Intention Of increasing the number Of Eie.
| Marshals permanently to six, there is nj
fear lest the baton should lose its prestige
| III the eyes of the public. At the same time
it must bcadulitted that for SO small army
as ours, six officers of that pre- Eminent rank
are amply sufficient. Germany has only five
| Field-Marsha1s, or Fie1tl-Marslla1s General, rs
theyare there styled besides 4. .Fellzeug1neistet
General and three ,ColoneIs- General, who
Princes of Royal blood and another is a
Grand Duke. There arc only three A1arsl1als
OF ;F,ranee--Canrobert, MacAIphon, AND
Lebnuf; though tue present Republic claims
the right to name t!lenl lis well as any KIM,
or Emperor. n. Thiers Intended to offer Il
baton to. Gen. Trocllu for his ''Aeroic* de-
Tense, ,of. Paris, but abandoned his design as
enthusiasm on the subject of the defense
COOLED down. During the conservative pc
riod of .1671-'73 the Duke d'Aunale's name
was frequently mentioned as that OF prob:t-
bic recipient of the distinction. tFiie two
first Republics abhorred the name Marshal
as savorlng-Wflich the title indeed does--ot
feudalism. For the same, reason the first RE-
public changed the names OF the grades of gen
eral officers. Formerly there were Alarshals,
lleutenant-Ge Generals, and Mareehaux-de-
Calnp,-the latter more than once mistaken
BY careless historians for Field-Marshals.
The Republic altogether suppressed the first
grade, while 1t clanged tue Lteulellant-Get
erals into J., Generals Of Division, and the Mare
the navy AtlnirajS rank with Marshals, for
France has 10 .AtlMirals of the fleet, and at
this moment not even ap. Admiral. Ihe
te Ss,pT FrSe ScfF M ahr Of f y s is ned Sst
never created aField-AlarsEal, and Grant was
their first General. Washngton's rank was
that OF L!eutenant-Gcneral.
Ille title OF Fiela-AlarsIlal in England dates
from the reign OF George y. 1t .wits first
conferred in f7::a6 upon John, Duke Of Argyll
anu G reenWicll--
Argyll. the states whole thunder born to WELD,
and shake alike the Senate and the field ''
And upon fieprge Hamilton, Earl Of Qrk-
Mey. Both were excellent soldiers if not fam
Gus Generals; but the beginning Of 'HaInit-
TONS fortune had been curious. He: had, in
tacl, received the title of Earl at no very dis
tant date from the day Of his marriage with
Elizabeth Vllllers, towards whom William
ILL.,, never ceased to feel well disposed.
The King lowered the lady with the private
estates OF James lIl., Consisting of $4,000
acres and yielding 4 rental of some E26, ,U1U 4
year Parliament, However, stbseqiltntty
and cancelled the grant, as well |
very rel' :t;lntly gave his assent.
Roughly speaking, it may be said that we I
1nl 'd Fl the t 5ystem 9t taFy ha sass
isnatlons which then lhegall to obtain were
more or less copied from those in Use iii the |
oWedlsli army. Most Of the few professional |
setIers g u whose services were at the disposal |
ner 9t daa G9ays aa1ba se5xs eaRn two
named ;Captaiii III September, 1872, Colonel /
sEree months later, aud = 'leutenant-Ge |
= tl!e Horse Zip June, l65 The title Of Major
General appears to have beer, at first used in
alent to Chief Of the Staff. The army Of the !.
Parliament had but one--also called Ser
geant,a!a jor,, ,,General-to begin with, .Cron,-
wells Malor-iellerlls were not only COM
n nanders;. but Civil Goyerngrs: OF districts, re-
.xisted since Edward VT.s fiiae. Tie terms ari
ieneral, acknowledgements or 0rLord- General
-torthey were lnuitferently pSed-rattler
'ignlted that the holder was ,Co1nnlander-in
chief Of M army: than that he held a :titleof
lonor in, the military service. Cromwell was T.
lrst appointed Captain-eenerali in June, 1850,
reylons to his Starting the Scottish campaign
# that year.
LeaplnE a generation, we still find the sys-
pr Instance, made Churchill a Colonel and 4
'eer Of Scotland, which seem rather dispro- :
ortlonllate honors. At the same time, it
lust be remembered that iii this reign there !
ere no'rlbb9ns to bestow save that ofthe gra-
an English Pecrage aud 4 Majur.Generals
besides all Embassy of compIi-
lent to France. Shortly before the Reyoltl- |
Oh lle raised the ,thankless favorit, Who was | !
len u years old, to a Lieutenant Generals | !
lnk. q
There were Ensigns, and Cornets and Lieu.
lants1n those days; but it was etiquet to
ier :s g al officer as 'the Captain, what
sl!er. But in mentioning him by name, it 8
Us allowable to speak Of linn as Mr. So-a1ld- | !
,, and this seems to lave been the more II
'nilnon custom. AS late as 17Gg we read Of :;
Ar. VI wolfe: " ,as*well as Of NJ. Contlans-" -
LII 10 spirit of flisrespect one is bound to u
that the list Of English Field-Alarshals is u
BY the absence from it Of many e
our most celebrated names. MARLBOROUGH, ?
ea, as we nave seen, about fourteen years u
uutry. Wolfe and Give died Major-Gen- II
us. Give was merely a Lieutellant-Col-
el when. at the head 5, ,000 men, lie scattered
army Of $1,000 men. The conqueror of
,'y sffto tOttHLGA t1C Last 1liGln House | in
|der the honorable nickname Ut "Gel. ~
We" The vIctors Of Alexandria, of Mazda, II
of Cornnna never attained til. highest
TX in their profession. Tile English Baton vi
s first - 'i1lustrated," )" as the French would
] it, with becoming srlendor by WeIiny- ST
!: and his promotion, as the Prince Regent -
d him, WAS unexampled. Ills Royal High | r,
IS gracefully added that so were the sx-
its which had led to it. Arthur Wellesley ! ,1
g BY purchase to Lieutenal!t-CoIonels rank AZ
ich he obtained in 1891 being then Is years
asc. Nelson,. by the way, was 4 Post e.
3taln. before he had completed his eth 90 90
T.. II 17o6 Wellesley became Colonel, t4 14
ing already seen service in Flanders; in dr.,
:, the year before Assaye, he was made ne
jor-General, and Knight Of the Bath tie 70
r after that victory; the division of the III
er llto classes only dates from 1915. In !ut
:, wellesley was named I.icutenat-Gen- no no
!, and the following year granted the local s'e pc.
of General in Spain and Portugal. But ~, ~,
was never in regular manner fuil Gen ma
III the English army. Hence the Prince I the
cents remark OIL WelIingtot's promotion, wa
lc!l nc cb1mSelf suggested after receiving n.
Eshal s5ourdan's baton, captured at Vic Nie
.. !" You send me,'' he wrote, 4- the Baton Bs1
Marshal of France; Send YOU that Of Y. Y.
OF Eng]and." Within few years VEL rn,, ,,,
ton was i Marshal 0f France and Field 1gi nai
:sha1 IN the Austrian, Prussian, and Rus life
armies. The great soldier inay we'll | ian