Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1881-01-29

wren funoamAntA pf1nHple ID once deter
nin.d and fairly understood, operative de'atls
based upon this kno Wedge are readily deduc ID
ano applied. As an example. may alfude 10
me Well known fact that many OF our beauLl-
fll evergreen trees from the NORTHWESTERN and
California coasts, "a also various As attic coni-
fers, have great tendency 70 commence Sec.
ond active growth during the moist genial wa
ther which frequently occurs hers during the
early fali mohtns This growth never ripens,
and In consequence Is destroyed by the drst
lrost. greatly 10 the INJURY OF the plant. The
mammoth tree Of California and the Japan ce
dar may be cited as typical trees of thf. class.
Tnese fail growths may be checked by pruning
the roots of the trees during September, which
WIZ ensure natured wood: the young branches
Unripe and filled with watery fiuid. ana are
thus prepared 10 stand the winter without In
jury.
PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION.
Then again as to protection and the best
means OF preserving plants from injury By
freezing. we are guided BY the knowledge of
the action OF the frost on vegetation. EvapOra-
non of the sap being the result OF exposure TO
currents OF frosty air, our efforts at protection
VIII De In direction TO antagonfze this result.
Practically, taking such plants as roses grape
vines and raspberries as examples. the best
method Is TO lay them On the surface OF the
ground and cover them with an inch thickness
% sand OF soil, or, indeed, any material that
will protect them from dire3t contact with the
air and the rays OF the sun.
With regard to the general subject Of pro,
'tCtiuS INC pidulo, peTSO0S contend that
fruit tree or plant 10 oe valuable or fitted for
general culture, must be able TO take care Of
ITSELF This should be looked upon as a lame
excuse for Incidence aud neglect. Ii Ia the pro-
vince OF man TO assist nature In producing such
results as ne nnds most desirable for his pur-
poses; and IL he removes plants from the
natural conditions, and then abandon them. so
10 speak, he must expect to realize the usual
consequences OF neglect.
WHEN GREEEHoUsE PLANTS,
or those fn parior5, are accidentally frozen,
they should be carefully shaded from the sun
until the temperature Of the apartment Is
raised 70 40 degrees; then sprinkle them with
water ana maintain moist atmosphere until
they recover. have seen greenhouse Wen
niied WIN plants, many Of them OF very ten
DEF nature, where eight degrees OF frost has
suddenly obtained, freezing succuient shoots
until they were quite as brittle and as easily
broken as delicate rod OF glass; yet by
promptly shading he house and Increasing the
temperature slowly, cOplously Swinging with
water after the thermometer Indicated above
Ireezlng, very few OF the plants were injured.
In cases where shading large structure Is
impracticable, the best substitute is to fill the
mouse With Vapor by throwing water on heated
10 success. have repeatedly tried the expert
ment or removing plant when frozen, into a
house where it was placed under the influence
OF a dry heat and exposed to the sun While In
the plant.
IN SELECTING SITE
for an orchard or vineyard low situations
should be avoided On account Of the greater
extremes OF temperature prevalent In valleys
than In places OF moderate elevation, aud the
consequent probability Of injury from late
side, Contiguous to well defined valley, forms
the choicest site for fruit trees. To secure the
best advantages from position the trees should
IS be planted below point fltty feet above
the general bed OF the valley. The cod air Will
then settle curing the night In stratum below
the trees, and the warm air which has accunu-
lated In the lowest point during the day will be
pressed up to the higher altitude occupied By
the trees, and thus II will afford considerable
protection In cold nights. A difference OF 10
degrees may be detected between thermone-
ter In the valley and one 50 feet above IL In a
severe frs night.
THE GENERAL DESIRE TO SHELTER ORCHARD
has often led 10 the mistake Of selecting low
grounds for planting, because OF their appar-
emily well protected position, but for reasons
lust given such low positions are the worst pos
-lDle localities. Even very bleak exposures
have been round preferable to sheltered Vaiieys
ana with some persons this fact has led to the
superstition that any kind or shelter is injurious
a'her than beneficial observations and ex.
perinents, however. prove TO the contrary. Tne
tncacy OF protection Is generally we'll under
stood and recognized, but the addition OF smell
Ter TO an otherwise Judclousiy selected site ia
altogether a different thing from that OF EN-
dtd'oIiiiS W SeCure SnSlJcT Dy choosing q low
situation. The shelter required Is not so much
10 repel or alleviate mere tnermometrtc cold as
II Is 10 arrest evaporation and its accompanying
exhaustion nf Vitality, by checking the rand
And penetrating action of dry winds.
BvsRGKgEN TREES
afford the most perfect shelter In the least
\ row or two OF Norway spruces or Austrian
pine treesor any other equally hardy evergreen
rec, viii give shelter fol considerable DIS
lance; thlckiy planted belts of hardy deciduo.s
frees will also render effective service. How
fdr apart these belts and hedges SHOULD be
placed, and In what direction they Will be most
Useful, viii depend upon the surroundings and
LEGAL Specialt1eS. AS the best mode OF drain
ing field Will depend upon its surface undu!a-
t1on, 80 the best mode Of sheitering will De
guided by the general aspect and position OF
The orchard