The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-03-05
HOUSEHOLD AND FARM.

Tho HessIan Fly.
Or. A. g. Packard OF the chronological
Commission At Washington. treats in his re
Gently. published report on THE Hessian Fly
OF the ravages habits, enemies and means q
preventing the increase of this Insect. Tit
preventive measures have been summarized
As follows;
l. 1t is advised to SOW part Of the whea
early, and if affected by tho fly, toput IN thu
rest Of the seed after September 2Olh which
will in most Cases save the crop. By destroy
ing the first brood the second will not appear
2 Partially affected wheat may bc saveC
by the use of fertilizers and careful cnl,lva
tion, and If winter wheat, the fields may bt
recuperated in thespring.
3 Ii IL stated that many OF the eggs and
larvS may be destroyed by pasturing Will
sheep and close cropping of winter wheat IN
November or early IN December. Rolling the
ground will answer nearly rs well.
4. 1t is advised to SOW hardy varieties OF
wheat especially those which tiller vigorous
ly. Diehl for early August sowing and Claw
son for late.
6. Lime SCOT and salt are named as special
remcdis, and it is also recommended to rake
of the siubble, but too close cutting and burn.
ing OF the sluhble may result IN harm by de.
stroyin the useful parasites, OF which there
arc several species. Indeed IL ~ claimed that
ninecnlhs of the flies Matched are destroyed
BY these minute parasites.
There are two hroods Of the fly. The first
deposits its eggs from early IN April TILL the
end of May, and the second appears in August
and September. The eggs are laid on the
leaves of the wheat, and the young maggots,
which hatch in about four days, soon find
their way to the base Of the leaf, remaining
n a tan, puNr hp
---
Potash IN CORN COBs.--The willow con-
tains u larger per centof potash than any other
wood. but corn Cobs contain twice as much rs
the willow. Since potash is one of the arti.
clcs the farmer pays much in labor or cash to
get back into his soiI. II is poor economy to
leave Cobs by the million scattered about over
the farm, where instead of dong good, they
kill out the grass and make an unslghty
sp~t. Neatness and strict economy alike ap
peal to the farmer to see To the saving of the
corn Cobs and their return to the soil. This
may he done by burning them on the soil
and it is to recommended where farmers feed
hogs IN their blue grass lots. The Cobs should
then he raked up and burned, and the ashes
spread on wheat or grass lands will be found
TO well repay the labor Then, too, the scat
terlng corn C0bs allows the grass to grow
and gives an air Of nealness that Is commend
able and profitable. When a feeding floor
can he so arranged as that the cobs work of
into piles and catch the droppings Of the pigs,
:hey become good absorbents, and when haul.
cd to the corn lands will be found most valua.
BILE. We IN the West have not yet learned the
art OF saving even the corn cobs. They are al
few of the many wastes ON our Western farms
1t pays also to rake the corn cobs into win.
n0Ws IN the feed lots and burn them there.
The pigs enjoy the ashes especially If sprin-
king OF salt be added.
STEWED Calls LIvER.-One calf's liver,
three or four slices of fat salt pork, one-Quar.
ter onion minced pepper and salt Drowned
-four Lay the liver IN cold salt and water for
half An hour to draw out the blood. Wipe dry
and with q thin bladed knife make gashcs
about an inch apart and quite through the
liver. Into these thrust strips of tat salt pork.
squarter of an inch thick and long enough toI
prOtrude on both sides. Strew the minced
onion IN the bottom Of u pot or stew-pan: lay
the larded liver on this and sprinkle littleI
more onion on top Pour IN two cups of warm
mot hot-water, fit a close cover over the pot
and set where 1t will heat very gradually. Let
1t just simmer for two hours, nevsr allowing II
really to boil. Then pepper to taste and cook
twenty minutes more. Take up the liver and
keep hot while you strain the gravy, put iii
back into the pot and thlcken with Drowned
hOur. Boil briskly for minute and pourl
part of 1t over the liver, serving the rest IN a
gravy.bowl. The liver suould be very tender
and well.flavorcd by the pork.
Beet s liver can be cooked in the same way !;
also pigs livers.
Flour is Drowned for gravies by spreading
1t upon tin or sheet-iron plate and stirring
over hot fire until it is cotfec.colored
--<.~---
ing boundary lines, it Is alleged, bit of Un-
Gle Sans territory comprising 3S40,OO0 acres
IL included in no state or territory and is, in
effect, without legal form, and void. The
commissioner OF public lands has made the
discovery and ii is this unfettered region that
he recommends be surveyed and brought I'M
der national jurisdiction. The strip OF coun
try is in the form of o parallelOgram, and Dor.
ders on Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Indian Ter
rltOry and New Mexico. 1t is SAID to be well
adapted for agriculture and especially for
grazing. At present il has no government, no
courts, nothing but stock and their keepers.
The latter are law unto themselves, and Il
terror to the people OF the adjacent territories
who, in turn are regarded much in the light
Of cutthroats by civil led communities The
public lands commissioner recommends the
attaching Of this hitherto unknown country to
New Mexico. and it's inhabitants brought I'M
der the laws of that territory This plan does not
too great rapidity in civlizing
the now region, but as rapid, perhaps, as the
conditions will admit.
RAISING DUcKs.-Ducks are as easily kept
and rs protitably raised for market "a fowls,
when there is good run for them. The egys(
are best Matched by hens, as then the ducks ,
continue to lay until eighty or more eggs are
produced by each The young ducks need no
brooding. II dry and warm nest is made in 1
a box, they may be taken from the hen when