The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1881-12-10
[Confinnsd from Third Pnne /

been increased in length 62lg miles aud in
cost Slll4,3s2, while steamboat routes have
been decreased in length 2lsl miles, and I'm
cost siji psi. The So called star routes hive
been decreased I'm length 1919 miles aud i'm
cost @Giifi. Nearly all of the more expensive
routes have been superseded by railroad serv-
Zee. The cost of the star service must, there
fore, rapidly decrease in the Western states
and the Territories.
The Postmaster. General, however, calls at.
tcntion to the constantly increasing cost of
railway mail service as serious difficulty in
the way of making the Department self sus-
tanning. our postal intercourse with foreign
countries has kept pace with the growth OF
the domestic service. Within the past year
several countries and colonies have declared
their adhesion To the Postal Union. II now
includes an those which have an organized
postal service, except Bolivia, Costa RIGA, New
Zealand and the British Colonies.
In all the states, rs has been stated already,
great reductions have recently been made in
the expense of the star-route service The in
vestigdtions of the Department of Justice
and the Post office Department have re-
suited in the presentation of indict-
nents against persons formerly con-
ncCtCd with that service, accusing
them OF oHenses against the United states. 1
have cnjoned upon the officials who are
charged with the conduct of the cases on the
part of the Government, and upon the emf
nent counsel, who before my accession to the
Presidency were called to their assistance,
the duty of prosecuting, with the utmost
vigor of the law, all persons who may be
found chargeable with frauds upon the postal
service.
Theactlng Attorney General calls attention
TO the necessity of modifying the present SyS-
TEN Of the courts OF the United States, ne.
ccssity due to the large increase in business
especially in the supreme Court. Litigation
in our Federal tribunals became greatly eN-
banded after the close of the late war. SO
long as that expansion might be attributable
60 the abnormal condition in which the com.
munity found itself Immediately after the
return of peace, prudence required that
no change be made in the cOnstitu-
ton of our judicial tribunals. But it
mas now become apparent that an
immense increase of litigation has directly
resulted from the wonderful growth and de.
NClOpmcnt OF the country. There isnO ground
Tor tine belief that the business of the United
states Courts will ever be less in volume than
at present. Indeed, that it Is likely to be
much grenter is generally recognized by the
bench and bar. In view of the fact that Con
gress has already given much consideration
90 the subject, make no suggestion as to de-
tails, but express the hope that your deliber.
atiOns may result in such legislation as will
give early relief to our overburdened courts.
The acting Attorney General also calls at
teution to the disturbance of the public tran
GUILTY. during the past year in the Territory
OF Arizona. 4 band of armed desperadoes,
known rs cowboys" probably numbering
from fifty to 100 men, have been engaged for
months in committing acts of lawlessness
and brutality which the local authorities
nave Deen unable TO represS; Inc depre'
dations Of these cowboys" have also
been extended into Mexico, which the
maraudcrs reach from the Arizona
frontier With every disposition to meet the
eNigencies of the case, | am embaras-
scd by lack of authority to deal with them Ell
fectivcly. The punishment of crimes commit
ted within Arizona should ordinarily, of
course be left TO the territorial authorities.
But it is worthy OF consideration whether acts
which necessarily tend to embrol the United
states with neighbOring governments should
not be declared crimes against the United
states. some OF the incursiOn5 alluded TO
may perhaps be within scope of the law, the
Revised statutes, section 52S6, forbidding
military expeditions or enterprises against
friendly states. But in view of the speedy as
scmbling of your body | have preferred TO
await such legislation as in your wisdom the
n m nv nor
haps be thought proper TO provide that the
setting on foot within our own terri
tory of brigandage and armed marauding
expeditions against friendly nations and
their citizens shall DC punishable as an Of
fense against the United States will add
that in the event of request from the Terri
United states against ''domc.tic violence"
this government would be powerIess to rem
der assistance.
The act of 1895, chapter SO, passed at a time
when territorial governments received little
of the United States only as to state govern
ments, but the act of 1907, chapter 80, applied
also to territories. This law seems to have
remained in force until revision of the stat
utcs, when the provisions fOrthe territOrieswas
dropped. am not advised whether this al.
terduon was intentional or accidental, but
a. 1t seems to me that the territories
should be offered the protection
which is accorded to states by the Constitu-
ton, ! suggest legislation to that end. 1t
seems to me that whatever views may prevail
as to the policy of recent legislation by which
II
Comitatus an exception might well be made
for permitting the military to assist the civil
Territorial authorities in enforcing the laws of
the United states. This use of the army would
not seem to be within the alleged evil against
which that legislation was aimed. From
sparsenesS of population and other circum.
stances it is often quite impracticable to sum
mons n civil posse in places where officers of
Justice require assistance, and where mill
tary force Is within easy reach.
THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT..
t,,ft1
with accompanying documents, presents an
elaborate account of the business of that de-
partmcnt. 4 summary OF it would be too eN-
teuded for this place. l ask your careful at
tentiOHtO the report itself. Prominent among
the matters which challenge the attention OF
Congress at its present session is the manage
mcnt OF our Indian affairs. While this uues-
ton has been cause of trouble and embar-
rassment from theinfancy of the Government,
1t was but recently that any efforts have been
made for its solution at once serious, deter
mined, consistent and promising success.
malleshiits for tiding over the temporary
difficulties than to grappe with the great
permanent problem, and accordingly the
easier course has almost invariably been pur-
sued. II was natural, at a time when the ma
tlOnal territory seemed almost illimitable,
and contained many millions of acres far be ,
Yond the bounds of civilized settlement, that
policy should have been initiated which,
more than aught else, has been the fruitful
source OF our Indian complications. / refer,
OF course, to the policy OF dealing with the
various Indian tribes as separate nationali-
ties of relegating them by treaty stipulation
to the occupancy OF immense reservations in
the West, and of encouraging them TO live
undi-turbed by any earnest and well directed
efforts to bring them under civiliZing infu-
enccs, The unsatisfactory results which have
sprung from this policy are becoming appar-
ent to all, as the white settlements have
crowded the borders of the reservations. The
Indians, sometimes contentedly and some
times against their will, have been trans
ferrrd to other , hfun,inS grounds from which
their new found homes have been desired by