The Red Cloud chief., 1881-04-28
The Happy Mean.

going on between those WHO favor keep
ing stock in close quarters and those
who believe in letting animals run n;
large md enjoy no artificial protection
during She entire season. The forfnef
declare that there Is a great sayiag o!
food during the colder portion Of the
year in keeping cattle. sheep and swine
in warm bindings. that the usrurc
they make can be preserved and APP
piled 10 the ground with less loss, and
in n better manner; that the animals
gain faster and mature in "A shorter
time: tina, their flesh is much better and
that their general health and condition
Is superior TO those animals that run u.
large. have no protection AMI arc
Obliged u search for the food they re-
quire 10 eat.
The advocates of the ether system
claim that animals which run nj large
at all seasons of the year become so
hardy that they do mol suffer from ex-
pOsure during the most sever weather;
that il is cheaper To keep them warm by
allowing them an abundance of food
than by erecting expensive buildings
for their accommodation; that their
flesh is more wholesome; that the ma
nurc they make is deposited on the
ground where il is wanted without any
trouble or loss; that the animals breed
better and continue to produce Young
till a later age. and thai they are almost
entirely free from all contagious and
pulmonary diseases which af1ict stock
in Great Britain and those parts Of this
country where tight barns, stables aud
pens are in general use.
Ii is likely that there is considerable
truth. and. also. considerable error. in
the teachings of both of these schools
of instruction in the science and art of
stOck-raising. There is little doubt that
animals eat less food when kept during
cold weather in comfortable buildings,
and that they lay on more fesh and fat
according 10 the food they n
when they are not obliged 10 travel
long distances to obtain il. That the
flesh of animals Of all kinds is more ten
der when they are tattened in tolerably
close quarters is generally admitted. as
exercise tends TO develop the
muscles and TO render them tough. The
difference between the flesh of wild and
6Omesticated animals is due To the
amount of exercise taken 6y the former.
That there is such q thing rs too
much protection for stock is at the
present time very generally admitted.
Barns, stables and pens have been IN
structed So S to admit of a very poor
circulation of air. In many eases ami
are obliged to breathe the air
that has been deprived of oxygen in
their lungs. and to inhale the vile odors
that rise from their WI eHcrementS.
In some cases barns have been cen
so that the solid and liquid
manure accumulates on the lower or
ground floor; above this stand the
and above them is stored the
fodder on which they are fed. In these
barns vile substances are taken into
the stomaehs of cattle. as well rs in their
lungs.
That many animals have been too
confined to allow them to ac-
4uire a good muscular development Is
also generally admitted. Certain high
priced animals have been Kept up so
that they have almost lost their
Of lOcOmotion. Pigs mature in the
pens where they were dropped, and new
er leave them till they are slaughtered.
Il is necessary TO load them in u wagon
they are to be taken to market alive,
the distance is very short.
Aiany cattle have been kept in quarters
20 warm and close that they are scarce
Y able 10 walk when fat. while they
from cold OF the slightest expos
ire. Blankets are rs necessary to
hem rs o%vercoats are to men during
he most severe days Of the present
1t is not only possible but practical to
al the eXccllencies of both
Methods of keeping animals without
any Of the Objectionable feat
res of either. Common sense declares
nd common observation shows hat
took of all kinds require for their com
ort and well-beins some protection
Turing the severe weather of winter.
Unless they have it they fall of in con-
IitiOn, lose nesh and contract colds. no
how large the quantity or how
xcellent the quality of food allowed
hem. Young. naturally feeble and sick
nimals require protection at other
lines, especially during protracted
aims. Even sheep which are noted for
heir hardness and their ability to
,ithstand exposure will suffer fewer
and produce more wool If they
re afforded shelter during severe
FEATHER.
The Importance of air and exercise
annot be too highly estimated. Pure
ir is rs essential to animal develop
lent rs nutritious food and clear water.
n fact the former is apparently of
necessity than the latter as an
nimal will live several days without
)Od or drink, while it will miserably
in a few minutes If deprived Of
which Is necessary to purify the
.ood which is in the system. Air,
'hich is full of carbonic acid or heavily
with vile odors does not purify
he blood, but acts like d poison in the
nimal system. A certain amount of
Is essential to the full develop
.cnt of every portion Of the system.
he anatomy of every animal. bird, rep
lie or insect shows that it was not de-
ened to remain stationary.
1t is possible and practical TO house
attle. sheep and hogs without sitting
lem. 1t is easy to afford them sufli-
ent protection during very severe
without rendering them so eX-
emely sensitive to cold that they re- !
lire to be covered with blankets when
lhibited at a fair held on sunny days /,
the month OF September. 1t is /,
to feed them well without !
smpering them. Barns, stables and .
may be rendered warm and COM
rtable without preventing all free cir 9.
of air. They may be so ar /,
.nged IS to render the storage Of ma 1
ire comparatively easy without COM 6
cling the animals bound 10 lie in it or :
inhale the odors that are constantly ;
Using from it. {
1t is not necessary to render swine as !
,et as deer. or to cause beeves to move 7
Ter the ground as rapidly as race :
,rses, in order to keep them in 4 .
lar N