The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-09-13
AGRICULTURE.

| MEAL.-A tDQ OF meal contains tDlrty-Glgnt
pounds of potash and fifty six pounds of
phosphoric acid, with seventy y-eight pounds
Of nitrogen; it Is thus rich enough in these
elements to be useful as a manure, for
which purpose, indeed, it is extensively
food, 1t cannot be given to animals, except
IN small quantities. Twop pounds are quite
enough for COW that is milking; calf
should not have more than two to four
ounces; pigs will not thrive on it at all, as
it Is too rich for them, except when given in
small quantities mixed with bran slops or
cut roots. Horses do well on it, If given
two pounds daily with corn meal; two
pounds of 1T equal ten pounds of eats.
But, if fed too abundantly, the bowels are
made very costive and the kidneys are af-
fccted. This Is doubtless ON account of
It's highly heterogeneous nature, as the
waste nitrogen is eliminated from the sys-
tenn through the Kidneys and they are too
actively excited by very rich food. The
next ill effect is an in1ammatory condition
of the system, and in cows there is danger
of garget, and horses suffer from irritation
Of the skin, sore mouth, and hide-bound.
1t is as though a man were fed on extract
of beef, rich pastry, and such food only.
When used judiciously and with know
ledge of its character and value it is the
cheapest Cat its present price, thirty dollars
a ton) and one of the most useful foods
wo have. Being rich in nitrogen and oil,
it should be used with food rich IN starch,
as potatoes and roots. One pound of COT
ton seed meal mixed with half peck of
boiled potatoes and mashed together would
make good iced for fattening pigs or a
milking COW, but the pig should have corn
or bran for tho second daily feed. One
of cotton seed meal we consider equal to
two pounds Of corn meal
KEEPING STocK.-We have frequently
and earnestlys urged the farmers of this
state TO keep more stock, and In our hum
bic way demonstrated the profit in stock
growing, and we are extremely gratificd to
learn that tho farmers arc ACQUIRING more
and more each year. AS this is the proper
season Of the year, or soon will be, to
prepare a proportional amount of food for
this increase, which if neglected, instead
of Il profit, there will be a loss, we cannot
too strongly urge them to lay IN good
supply OF winter fodder. There is never
any danger of farm being over stocked If
there is plenty Of hay and fodder, but
when the farm is short of feed for it's
owners stock, it is always in trouble. In
spring the farmer must turn his cattle out
to pasture too early, and in autumn he
must permit them to remain in the field
until, through exposure to bad weather
and lnsuflicicncy of food. they become
greatly reduced in condition. The full
supply of food tells on each animal, but of
course is more noticeable in those whose
produce is daily being turned into cash.
The widely distcnded lag of well. fed cow
SiI,rn tn hn
milkcd, and tue sense of rclict she unmis.
takably shows when the process is COM
peted, is both source of satisfact on and
Of profit and Is in wide contras. to the limp,
half empty appearance of the uddcr, when
the COWS arc in poor pasture, and have to
roam about continually for food.
IT Is not true that the butter from the
cream OF farrow cows ls lost Ill the churn
when it is mixed with tho cream from fresh
COWS. 1t may scom reasonable at first
sight to suppose that If fresh cows
cream may be churncd in fifteen minutes
and farrow cows cream III thirty or forty
minutes, and when the two are mixed
the butter comes in twenty minutes
| that tho cream Of the farrow COW is
lost and not churncd. But it is eusily
seen on considering the prinolple involved
that 1t is not so. For the butter exists in
the cream in small gobules in the condition
Of Ill emulsion or mixture. Now, when
the butter from one cows cream begins to
form the small particles gather up and
coalcscc with the butter of the other cream
and very soon unite with it. 1t may be
tested by taking the butter out OF the
churn and going on with the churnng of
the buttcrmilk, when it will be found that
no more butter can he procured.
! CARELESS STACKING OF OATs.-Stacks
of oats If carclessly put together are often
destroy ed by exposure. Every farmer
may know that the heads of bundles of
cpcfV bundlc--should be kept higher than
the butts or straw end. But indifferent
hands often place the heads lower, or at
least on level with the butts, thus invit-
ing mildcw and decay. If oats are to be
saved for seed, it Is best to wait until they
FULLY rlpcn before cutting. If the straw
and leaves are to be used for food, it is
best to cut while the oats are in the dough
state and while the leaves and stems are
still green. Oat straw so harvested is
thought to be very much more nutritious
than corn fodder, and nearly equal to tlmo.
thy. Many, indeed, cut and house oats
the same as hay, and believe it to be fully
| aS valuable.
TIE MAXIMUM CRor.-Thcre Is a point
III tho increase of crops, beyond which 1t
does not pay to carry it. The extra BUSH
cl, or five bushels Of wheat for example,
costs moro in time, attention, manure an.
piled, etc, than the increased yield is
worth. 1t is Il great satisfaction to have
borhood, but ii may take away what would
the largest crop OF grain grown IN the neigh.
have been profit in an ordinary yield. II
is for the farmers to do all he can to reach
the maximum crop, that is, tho amount
which is tho most profitable; but oncc at.
tained, it does not pay to put in any increase
OF manure or other fertilizer. The average
farmer in this country does not run much
danger In farming too highly. but there is,
nevertheless, such thing as OVERRIDING,
oven III growing a crop of grain
ANNATTO Ia Superlor tn corroto for ooIor