Morning journal and courier., 1881-05-10
Inventions, Discoveries and Ymuroxs-
 menfs. fFrom the Providence JournAIl DEEpFa1r Aprr,eT Ny ,,,,--

HtSftefWtI11, h
 Inventions, Discoveries and Improve
 ments.
 fFrom the Providence JournAIl THE DEEPEST ARTISAN WE'LL.
 An interesting official account appears of the completion of the artesian well-claimed to be the deepest in the world-near Rnds Pesth, Hungary, the work on which com menced some twelve years ago The total depth, 1t appears, is 3, 200 feet
 and the temperature of the water it yields ia nearly 165 degrees F. The temperatuye of
 tne mud brought up by the borer was taken every day, and was found to increase ranid-
 iy, notwithstanding the loss of heat durinp
 its ascent, down to depth of ?. 300 t6 9 7hs
 feet, the increase beyond this point not be- ing so marked At depth of 5, 900 feet the 1emperatufe was l77 degrees, giving an ave- | rage increase of one for every twenty -tbrea l feet bored. Water first commenced fo u,eu up at depth of 3,07Oifeet; here it's tempera lure was IlO degrees. and from this noint
 onward 1t rapidly increased both in the amount or It's yield and in the Temperature At depth of 3, o92 feet the temneratnre
 rose to 150 degrees, and the yield, in twen- " four hours, from 2, 300 to 44.eoo gallons. Finally when the boring had reached snn | feet, at which point it was stopped tbe fem. perature of the water, as it burst from the
 oriice oI tne tuoe was 165 degrees, and the volumetrlc yield 272, GOO gallons in tbe tven- | ty-four hours, or 167, POO gallons finally in
 consequence of the bore being lined with wooden tubes. "A FRENCH COMPRESSED FUEL Some very extensive works bava la.I been established in France for the noenIi | facture of fuel from the dust of coal rinas In one or these, the amount of material on nually worked up is said to reach somn cav enty to eighty thousand tons of small mall coa1 seI and five to six thousand tons of FnoIeb pitch These works produce nearly two hundred and fifty tons of fuel in twentv.fonr
 hours, this being accomplished by means of steam-eng1ne of fifty horse power, three boilers of forty five horse power each wash ing machines on the Berard system disin-
 tegrators, centrifugal drying machines. etc. The compression of the material is obtained at thls establishment by the motion of a piston on rectangular mould, which is constantly fed by mixture of the small coal and pitch in 8 soft pasty state, so that there is constantly produced continuous and sold band of fuel. Outside the mould. the material is separated at each stroke of
 the piston into rectangular blocks, which are
 then completed and ready for loading into
 wagons. Most of the fuel made is for the
 French navy, 1t being preferred for this pur- pose, as already mentioned, to any of tbe various kinds of coal
 STEEL MANUFACTURE The different methods pursued in the nro- auction ot steel vary, not only in respect to general principles, but also to a considera. able extent, in respect to the intended appli cation or the product. In making Bessemer steel common pig iron is melted in cunola on the plan usually pursued at foundries ana then permitted to run into receptabIe Of suitable size, called the converter, beino
 large cruclhle of peculiar shape. Previous | to letting Tn the melted iron, the converter l IS heated to redness, and is connected with | blast, wEich is turned on as soon AS tbe melted iron is in.
 At this stage the air immediately-at a pressure of twenty to twenty five pounds to
 the square inch-penetrates the melted metal ana soon 8 reddish yellow faintlv
 luminous name Is seen issuing from the top | of the converter; in a moment it becomes | more brilliant, the metal becoming in the
 meantime hotter and highly agitated; sparks | now begintoappear at the top of the converter | consisting of particles of impure iron and
 slag, which are thrown out by the rapidly | disengaged gases
 After some minutes of violent sparkling, the blowing off ceases, and the flame presents the | plulsh violet characteristic of carbonic oxide:
 the agitation subsidies, and finally the flame ! entirely disappears. The blast is now turned 1 of' and quantity of spiegeleisen is run into 1 the converter, when another flaming up re- suits. While this last though not so violent l flaming IS at it's height, the melted metal is l run out into ladle and from thence cast in | to immense ingots.
 STRENGTH OF WIRE Experiments show that the prolonged ap- plication of str rsss has very remarkable eff feet In increasing the strength of soft iron wlre Comparing the breaking weights for wine Quickly broken with those for the same wire slowly broken, it is found that in the | latter case the strength of the wire is from | two to ten per cent. higher than in the form
 CT, and is on the average about five or six per
 cent. higher The result as to elongation is | even more remarkable. Thus, in the case of | the wire quickly drawn out, the elongation is, | on the average, more than three times as great l as in the case of the wire drawn out slowly In test applied to two ''bright' wires they | appear to have broken without showing any special peculiarly to breaking weight, and l without known difference as to treatment ex- | cept in the time during which the application | of the breaking weight was made Thus, one l of them broke with forty four pounds, the | experiment lasting one hour and a half while 1 the other broke with forty-seven pounds, the
 time occupied in applying the weight being | twenty nine days; the former was drawn out
 by 2s. per cent on it's original length, and I the other by only 4.79 per cent. MOULDING roUGHENED GLASS; 1 In moulding the improved or toughened | glass, the cooling of the glass is so regulated | that the radiation from each point of the sur
 face shall correspond to the thickness of the glass, thus enabling the casting to be equally
 
 l tempering or hardening process. The regu-
 lation of the radiation or absorption of the heat | in the thickest parts of the casting is effected | by using iron hollow moulds, and by circu- ! lating cold water or cold air at those points where the glass is specially thick, by means | the casting cools equally in every part l To obtain the full advantages of the tough | ening process upon articles of great body and | strength, the hardening or tempering is ac- | complished in the moulds themselves-frst, | by carefully protecting the glass from any contact directly with the. mould, to prevent chilling the surface of the glass; and second, by the use of hollow moulds for maintaining uniform temperature all over the casting during the hardening The temper is modi- fled in these thick castings by passing them through an annealing oven. The moulds are shiefy.protected by layers of wire gauge, per l forated metal, or plaster of Paris, varying in layers or thickness accordingtto the rapidity and energy required in tempering, and the
 nature and composition of the glass. | PENETRATION OF SANDSTONE BY AIR. Investigations made by Prof. Doremus show the peculiar permeability of building
 stones, instead of their being, as is common ly supposed, anti i-porous, or impervious. To determine the facts in the case, Prof. D. em- ployed block of sandstone, such as is gen. | orally used for window caps and stills, about | twelve inches square and four or five inches
 thick, and having panel of half an inch bluCA SuAh III tdcu sue. Tn eacQ panel was fitted block, which perforated by a
 piece of common gas pipe, and this was ce-
 mented about the edges; the whole then coated with an imperyious varnish Air now entering the pipe on either side had access
 to the clean surface of the stone beneath the
 panel, and it was found that if the mouth
 were applied to the protruding pipe on one side and a candle placed in front of the op-
 posits one, it could very readily be blown | out by the air, which, with very little effort,
 was forced through the stone.
 The Housatonic railroad company has bought for $50, 900 the N. Y, Housatonic & Northern road, running from Danbury to Brookfeld.
 brother of Fred. Mead. of Greenwich,
 committed suicide in Chicago on the 30th ult., by cutting his throat. He was representa-
 tive of the firm of Fred. Mead G Co.,, New l York A fortune teller predicted that an explo- 1 sion would occur in Wagner's corset factory | af Rrid