davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
Assignee's Notice Of Ap.
pointment.

~ Office Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT
~ the undersigned has boon duly Hp-
pointed Assignee Tor tho benefit OF eredi-
tors, OF all the property Of Charles Hodes,
OF North Brownsville, Oregon.
All persons having claims against said
Charles Hodes, will present the same. yer.
Tiled as required by law, within six months
from this date. % The undersigned, at bis
residence, I'm brownsville, Oregon.
Dated May 20, 1881.
W. G. COOLEY,
f3 Assignee.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

There is a growing interest il raising
silk eocoons among American farmers
The American manufacturers decline TO
buy the raw silk in such small quanti-
ties as are furnished by individual
growers. A new association, there
fore, acts as middlemen, bnys the CO.
COINS and sorts and f., wards them In
gross. A sure market is TINS provided
for the small producers. The price of
cocoons varies with heir size and
quality, ranging from $50 to $3.50
per ponud, and eggs from 81 to So per
pound.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
Executors Notice.

No1ICE II HEREBY GIVEN THAT
IN the undersigned has been by an or.
der OF tho County Court OF Linn Coanty
or.duiy appointed Executor OF tho last will
and testanent OF John Marks, Sr., de-
ceased, late OF said county. All persons
having claims against said estate are here-
by notified aud required to present the
same, with the proper vouchers 10 tho un-
dersignea mt his residence about two miles
west Of Lebanon, Linn County, Oregon,
within SIX months from the date hereof.
May 25th, 1881.
j. NJ. MARKS,
43 Execuior.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
Professor KedzIe, OF the AgricnItur.

Professor KedzIe, OF the AgricnItur-
al college, OF Michigan, an expert
chemist, recently said that a paint or
wash made of skim milk, thoroughly
skinned and water brine will render
wood uninfamm4bIe, and he proved
it by experiment. He said this paint
or whitewash, is durable, very cheap,
imrervi0us 10 water, OF agreeable
color, and as 1t will prevent wood
from taking fire, be urged its use,
particularly on roofs, oEtbuiIdings,
harms, &c.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
A BARGAIN !!
Valuable Property for Sale.
THE ALDEN FRUIT DRYER.

Including the building and lots upon
which 1t Is situated, Is for sale at bar
gain. There are two dryers and they can
be sold separately. This is good OPP
portunity for fruit raisers to secure tie
best dryer made, at low price.
The lots are very valuable lying on the
liver front, and having a railroad switch
running by them. IL Is good location
for custom fiouriEg mill, foundry, or
any such buiness.
For further particulars call On The Presi-
dent or Secretary OF the Company.
q. r. CRAWFORD,
L. G. RICE, President.
Secretary. 80
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

The large increase in Cotton ex-
ports is noteworthy. The Wheat
shipments have probably been as
large as in 1379-80, but the value per
bushel has been less Hog products
show large gain. There is also a
heavy increase in Cheese. The above
brief list comprises nearly so per
cent. of the total exports from the
United States. This shows their inn
portance as factors of wealth.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

The army worm Is ravaging the
grain fields of Northern New York,
and the farmers are greatly alarmed
in consequence. But coming so early
in the season 1t Is hoped that prompt
and energetic means may destroy
the pest or check ard confine its de-
struefive work.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Most farmers, probably, believe that
the great bulk Of constituents OF their
crops are derived from the soil This
is very great mistake. Take. for In
stance, hay or pasture field. The
carbon, hydrogen aud oxygen OF the
plants ale derived from The atmos-
rhere. the nitrogen and mineral ml:.
ter from the soil. This would be
equivalent to 81 per cent OF dry hay be-
ing derived from The atmosphers and
only s per cent from the soil. From
THIS it may be seen that tho farmer
who has all these ingredients locked up
in his manures, which he might apply
70 his land for plant food, by letting It
lie scattered until decomposed and
wasted, sends of 90 per cent of Il 20
feed the plants of other lands, perhaps
of farms thousand miles away
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

The Denver Colorado Inter-Oceaa SAYS
that enough alfalfa has been sold In
that State this year TO seed 10000 acres
which next year will give an increase
of 10000 tons Of hay worth 81 250. .bO0
estimating the yield at SIX tons an
acre. On some farms near Denver e
has produced eigh, anil nine tons.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Certain returns just made In Eng
land in reference To sixteen counties
show that farms are going a.beggiug.
There are no tenants to take them.
Good land in the ten districts of Hunt
ingdonshire, which formerly-fve or
seven years ago-brought from - 10 80
shiliings per acre, is now let with diff
iieulty at from Is TO D shlilings; clay
land, which lot at I'D shilllngs may
now be had at from to 10, If any one
can be got to take il. In Leicestershire
things are not much better. 4 farm
of $50 acres, half grass. which had
been let for thirty years at 35 shilliugs
an acre, has Just been relet for ~
shilllugs.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Think of it! The government OF the
United States annually appropriates
less than one-ninth as much money for
the promotion of agriculture as It does
for the support of the army. consisting
of20,OJ0 men. Compare this with the
number of farmers who constitute the
basis Of the nations wealth anil pros.
perity, and developing our enormous
agricultural industries which supply
home demands for food and feed hun
dreds Of thousands in foreign lands!
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

The last panacea for the woes sf the
British farmer is that be should grow
tobacco. A writer advocates its cul-
tiTation n the midland aud Southern
counties Of England. and asserts that
it would yield, if properly grown,
profit Of e20 an acre. The cultivation
of tobacco is at present forbidden in
England, mnder an old Act of Charles
H., and in Ireland ly an Act ef City
years ago. Tobacco was cultivated in
Ireland for some years previous 10
that date.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
COLDS

GAMn Great chance 10 make MONEY We
OA11Io oneed person In every town 70 take
subscriptions for the largest cheapest and hest ilr
trated family publication in the world. ANY one can
become successful agent Six elegant works az Art
given free 20 subscribers The price 50 low that al
most everybody subscriBes- One agent reports TAX
ing 10 subscribers In . dzy. A lady agent reports
making over 500 clear profit in ten days. All who
engage make money fast. You can devote an v,s,.-
time 20 the business, or only your spare time. Yoo
need not be away from h0aae night You can a,
Il well as Others Full directions and terms fre
II YOU want profitable work send US your address =
once. 1t costs nothing 90 Try the business. No on
who engages fails TO make great pay Address ca
SuSsoS q Co.. Portland. Maine. sl,l
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Alsike clover gives smaller crops
than red clover but of better quality.
It is especially recommended for soils
liable to heaving by frosts, and affords
excellent pasture ground for bees.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

According to the average of thir-
teen analyses made by Professor
Emile Wolf, of Germany, green grass
contains eighty eight per cent of
nutrition. If cut when in hloom #
will contain but sixty-two per cent,
whereas II not cut until the seeds are
fully formed or ripe it will contain
only thirty one per cent, Of nutrition.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Secretary Allon, of the Omaha
Board of Trade, estimates the grain
crop of Nebraska for 1881 at l05,e00,.
900 bushels, an increase over 1880 OF
fully 80 per cent. The wheat crop is
estimated at 10000, ,000 bushels, gain
of about so per cent.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Cut worms are very poor climbers,
and much Of the damage they do to
tomato plants may be avoided by
making compact mound about the
plants, as large as an inverted lea
cup.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
slaven,s Cherry Tooth Paste.

An aromatic combination for the preser-
vation of the Teeth and Gums. 1t Is FIR
superior To any preparation Of the kind in
the market. In large, handsome OPT
pots, price 90 cents. For sale by Foshay
Il Mason, Albany, Oregon.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

A gardener Of Tampa, Florida, cut re-
Gently bunch of bananas with ninety
fingers. The stalk bearing the bunch
was a year old, and grew in his yard
It was of the dwarf variety and
abOat four feet high.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
For sale by all druggists and dealers in medicines
and At Wholesale by
HODGE, DAVIS & CO.,
PORTLAND. OREGON.
PonrLANp. oanaoN.

Following Is ono Of the many testimonials received
The writer Mrs. Weatherford, Is we'll and favogabiy
known In this city. For particulars ihqulre Of j. w
Weatherford Co., Salem:
PORTLAND, 0RKaoN.
Dr. HENLEY ~ was suffering with pain intensely,
30 that for several days not able to straighte
myself ! used some OF your "Lightnng Liniment,
aud 1t removed the pain upon the first application
The fourth application removed all caused BY
tina pain For toothache aud neuralgia II 10 specific
having been tried in my own family. | have used
gallons OF lniment Of various kinds and nd this tc
srpass any. highly recoinmenj 1t to any suffering
with aches and peins
nl7yl MRS. ]. w. wEATHERFoRD.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

He submits himself to he seen
through microscope WHO suffers
himself to be caught in passion.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

The Galveston, Texas, Neaos thus
speaks of one of the tricks of the trade +:
- Some Texas papers print fabnlo y
accounts of the weights Of Il. eces from
slelino sheep. The discount for dn !
i Tot given. Texans seldom was
tier sheep before siieat sng or scour th
wool afterwards
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

NOTICE Is HEREBY GIVEN THAT
~ by an order OF the County Court OF
Linn County, Oregon, duly made and On.
duly appointed The Administrators OF the
estate OF @. ID. Burkhart, deceased. All
persons having claims against said estate
are required TO present them, properly
verified 10 the undersigned nj the late resi-.
denc OF tho deceased near Albany linn
county Oregon within six months from
this date.
q. NJ. BURKHART,
J. ID. BURKHART,
Administrators
juno 81 1881. "A
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

He who Is false 10 present duty
bIsaks thread in tlie icem and will
find the flaw v hen he inay ha, e forgot
tea the cause.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Salt Is Icing ust q largely by some
Wisconsin farmers on their spril e
wheat.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
Notice Of COpartnership.

AIoTtCE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAI
~ tho undersigned have this day entered
carrying on and cpndurtlng a drug and
book store in Albany. Linn county, Ore
gon, under tbe firm name of G. A. Plum
mer Il Go.
Dated this the 18th day Of June, 1881.
48g4 G.. A. PLUMMER,
q. MCWAIN.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Il does moi require any genius Or tall
ent TO lind fault; bull 10 give credit
where credit is due is Indicative OF o
good heart and sound Judgment.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

From sixty-eigbt to seveniy-twu
per cent Of the t,tM wheat yield of
the country is Winner wheat.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

p HSAssR >hnsiness how before the public. yaa
- ks-S make money faster at work f,r "a
than u thing ehe Capital not required We viii
start sssu. Sl2 day alid lwards made At home III
the industrious. Men, women, boys and eirIs wanted
eyeryNh~ru 70 work Tor Us. Now it the time You
ta eesote y*r whole time 10 the work. or only vour
y as we'll No one willing TO work can fail To M X
eI'armens pay BY engaging at costly outfit and
easily and honorably Address TRua : Co. 11lss,esa
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

seminal Weakness, night losses BY drsanss, pi1.l-
pies on the lace and loss OF manhood positively b
cured. The sick and afflicted should nol faiI 70 q IA
upon him. The Doctor has Travelled extensively in
Europe and Inspected thoroughly the various htsss-
tails there obtaining great deal II valuable infor.
tion. which he Is competent impart 20 those In el
Of his seryices- DR. GIBBoS viii make no ekarpe
unless he eject cure Persons ~ = distance HAY
eE CtRkD AT HONE. AL communications
strictly confidential You see no but the Doctor
Send ten dollars for package of medicine Persons
writing 70 the Doctor viii please state the name o the
paper they see this advertisements in charnes rpa-
sonable. Call or write Address DR. ]. +. GlBBON
Box 1867, San Francisco. vl5nls
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Indiana has ], ,Is5, 900 bushels Of fax
seed-or about six bushels Der acre
and 159, 900 ions of fiber.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
r E A d..
Hall of Linn County Council, T.. Of ii.
NAY Urn, 1881.

NAY 7TH 1881.
Mr. RCGEgE PUCHAgAY,
Agea d. H. OSBORNE d 90, albany, Orgoa:
regular uneetng Of County
held this day, the d. NJ Osborne Co HIvetng Machinery adopted Tor
the use o the of jurisdiction.
Yonra Respectfully,
(signed) II. c POWELL S-er4ar
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Gee WEEK In your own town and no capitas
tDOO risked fou can give the business trial
Without expense The best opportunity ever offered
for those willing In work. You should try noahins
else until you see for yourself what yon can do At the
business We oder No room to explain here You
can devote all your time or only Your snare tn, -
the business and make great pay for every hour you
work. WssInen make as much as men. Send for sne-
elai private tefn.s aud Particulars which mail free
IS 0nttit free. Don't complain Of hard times While
you have such \ chance. Address H. HALLETT =
CO., Portland AIains XVI
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
YIEG SAM WAS
L AU N . RY /!

Does the best washing and ironing Ia Al
hany al lowezt rates. Contracts ulade for
Chinese labor. Laundry on Washington
street, Opposite MarshaiI's Livery Stable.
i0t35Hf
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

6enOn Can't be made by every agent ever.
Speb - month in the business We furnish I'M
those wing "a work ,an easily earn dezea dollas.
day right la their localities Have no time =
explain here. Business pleasant and honorable Wo
men, and boys and girls do we'll men, We Nil
furnish YOU complete outfit free We will bear e,S
pense Of starting you. Particulars free Write am
Farmers and mechanics their sons and ls.seh-
ters and all classes in need Of paying work at home
should write 10 Us and learn ali about the work a1
once. Adsress fRUE Co., Augusta, Maine.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

MR J. III. Bates, Newspaper Advertis.
ing Agent, Al Park Row (Times Bullding)
New York, is authorized 10 contract for
advertisements la the uEMocRAT ut our
best rates.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01

Gee nna week in your own town. ~ ontst
dDNteBsUVFfrse. No Risk, Reader II yau want q
business at which persons OF either sex can make
great pay all the time they work. write for particulars
r. HALLkfT Co. Portland, Maine.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-07-01
To the Unfortunate f!
DR. IGIBBON's
Dispensary.

GOO KRARNY ST
O%O corne- q commer-
ciAl Street, san frnncisco.
Established in IsSa. Cor
the treatment q Sexual
and Seminal Diseases, such
a. Ganorrhea. elect,
structure, syphilis in al
Delaware state journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1870-1883, 1881-06-09
GHEsrhe 4Nb AFouNn.

c
n !, p
~ '','a7i' ~ it'"''''E' ''' "l'.''H
~ "i0 - ''''.AS nv
here Will h- : graduates lrnu th.
Chester HIGH school this year.
i' nihNlay"f7 o. "'-' i''".frf rave
- az ''''"'' r. '''r'7 ~ $500 l"I
wy
MaiarlA liver Is becoming epidemic
along the 'H'mylkiIl j" Northern Gg'~irr
~,
" army WORM ild7 NAV" ~ atPrH
@l't ~ p''N1 '"hlltF a'a 'l'% h'i'1 aonw
'',h'a','
Tho seaton for bass fishing i'll iln.
Brahiy"in" rolnmets"i junn lat, tHt
nnhody has reported any very 4ool .uyls
a Sft'
Nannrnarhrr, the Temperance, falE n.
has given il NJ IN Eraiius a"t I'm tur
sreerer Holds 4 total abstinence a4y"
r'.t" has q hard row ia hur III Il iowa likD
Beading.
| Tie trirLlayrr4 Of West Chester III,
tulluW i'll. the rxanple=ar III. Wiluiifetat
| member, uf tL..rrAft ain. l,.lI L ,u..,.,i,.,,
SATURDAY =" consult tl@"' haHlh% th"u
wages f"'S'R'
John Roach, a scHtiml hand on tha "
&. y J. railroad, q fw iays agoiuaslu..
a finger while lifting rails. IT, pad yrrl
little attention {" the bruisu and On sun
day died from lock Jaw.
cro,ar rh.oI,,i..al s,,ota f.fa-n
ntdt nf II p - -
H.. ~ IA u p" -.
Delaware state journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1870-1883, 1881-06-09
s,oo,ooo IN BONDS STOLEN.
the Theft Kept Quiet for several
Weeks-An OHer 10 Return the
prauprfy for 100000.

BuFFALo, n. y, June 1.-THE facts OF
very heavy and peculiar bank robbery
IN this city have iust'como to light. Mr.
Cyrus T. Lee, the cashier OF the Erie
County Savings Bank, tells the story as
follows \ package Of bonds was ron-
signed from the Erie County Savings
Bank, May 9Th, amounting 10 $a0o,ooo
To the Secretary of the Treasury. they
were & per sent registered bonds, and
were sent by registered mail. On the nth
d May Mr.. Les received a letter tron
Niliiam IT., Nhyle, of baltimore, law
yer, sand to he d sonot eN Senator Nlyte,
saving that II the Erie Comfy Savings
l;ank had lost a large amount OF property
he had received spu- information III Il
remarkable way which would /" ot ser
vice. Mir. fec al oncn suppused the
bonds wuuld pass through Baltimore ON
the 9th, and that they mlght have been
distracted from tin, mail, He tclcsraphtd
10 the Secretary OF the Treasury al Wash
uptou aud asUrrtaued that the bonds
had bean received. Not having missed
| any bank funds, Mr. Lee Supposed that
1t was some sort Of a blaukmall scheme.
There the matter rested Til the t9lh OF
| MAY, when MIR, George G0lhanI, a lawyer
| of Buffalo, entered the bank and called
| for package Vt securities which had
| been lett Tor several years IN The bank
| Tor safe Keeping. Mn Lee at once went
| to the vault, and was unable to lind the
| securities III question. lie said To Mi.
| t,ulhau HAT he handed the documents 10
| him a short tlue since. He replied
'Aes, On the "a ol May cut 81 the con-
pnus from tnrIit. Ii WAS aitrrWard
asvert4ined that this was On tha juth oi
| April. MI. GOlhant said further, that lie
cut o. the coupons, placed the securities
| back on Mi. Lee desk III the Office, with
Il pair Of scissors on top Of them Mr..
Lee said You did not plau" them in
my LANDS 81 cal niN attention To- tleu,
or should immediately have pla.ti
| them III the vault. Nh. Lee says
further that Ills mind At once reverted It
| the Baltimore letter, which he showed I,
| MIR. Gurham.
Mr.. Gorham, in company with d-tec
| tive, went 10 Baltimore, saw Whyte and
| learned that the bonds could be procured
by paying a bonus of S5o,oV0, perhap,
| less, Mir. Gorham has been to Baltimor,
the second time, trying to recover TIA,
| stolen property, but without success. I'll,
theory is that after he had left the yalu
able documents on Mr., lee $ desk, on til,
| day in question, some sneak thief cntere,
and stole them. The package rontaine,
| $4,000 i'll coupon bonds, mostly raiiroat
bonds, and the others are registered
making the total amount Of the los
| Sl60OUp. Mr.. Gorlam says they he
lonsud to private parties, his clients, bu
lie does not wish to give names. re
ward has been offered Tor the arrest of tn
thief and payment Of the bonds has been
| stopped.
Delaware state journal. [volume] (Wilmington, Del.) 1870-1883, 1881-06-09
The Tin Roof ON Georgetown's Court
House.

Mr.. William B. Tomlinson, Clerk OF the
Peace for Sussex county, sends us a com
munication, which We print elsewhere, in
reply to some recent structures upon his
action in awarding a contract for putting
a new tin roof on the court house at
Georgetown. We think his reply is a
conclusive and inal answer to the charges
and yindicates his action as a
public officer, seeking the public interest.
The claim that he was bound To conhne
the competition to Sussex firms is very
lame. II it would he right for the Clerk
of the Peace Of Sussex county TO pay say
Sl00, more for job for the sake of
encouraging a timer to do business in
Georgetown, il would be equally proper
for the Levy Court to appropriate Sl00
ifit were proper for the court to do this it
might with Equal propriety appropriate
$500. il that amount were necessary, i'll
order to keep the industry alive, yet We
doubt if the majority of the tax payers OF
Sussex OF any other county would submit
to any considerable extension Of this
policy.
By the way, this would only be in a
small way the application Of the protec-
tive policy to local affairs, That system
requires that the whole agricultural class
AMI all other classes not deriving direct
profit from manufactures shall he taxed
millions o. dollars annually in order that
certain goods, which can lie made more
chydply abroad. shall be profitably man
| ufactar-d in America, We are not pre-
pared to say that America DOES not. in 4
diversified industry, get back the worth
1 Of the money thus paid in taxes, but
the exact character of the transaction
ought TO be plain to our people so that
they shall understand it clearly and not
run away from every attempt To intelli
gently discuss its advantages and its dis
advantages. II may be that in the long
run it would pay the people Of Sussex t
have their Levy Court pay a bonus o
two or three hundred dollars to eacl
manufacturing establishment, but til,
people ought to know it and consent to i
Understandings, and it would not b,
honorable; nor even honest for the Cleri
Of the Peace to Try to accomplish tn,
object indirectly by paying extra price
for public work to local manufac
turer-, simply because they carried o.
business in Sussex. Having shown tina
the Sussex bidders were not the loves
bidders, Mr.. Tomlinson has demonstrate,
that he did his simple duty.