davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
Tunnelins tho English Channel.

The work of tunncling the English Chan.
mel is being steadily carried on under Col.
Beaumont IN tho Abbott's cliff near Folk
stone, Eng. What is called the trial tun.
mel, which is circular and seven feet in dl.
amctcr, is now being made. 1t has already
reached length of 800 yards, and the
promise for success thus far seems good,
and the water which pcrcolatcs through the
cE. ~ easily kept under; but 1t has not
hccn driven much if any below the tide
level, and whether or not any powerful jets
of water may get in from subtcrrancan fls-
sures as the depth increases remains to be
seen Trial shafts have been sunk to a
considerable depth on both the English and
French coasts, and there have been no signs
of extraordinary difficulty from that source.
Still the possibility of deep fssurc or
crack in mid. channel has been a good deal
commented upon. Unless that should be
found, however, the project would seem
entirely feasible. The chalk strata of
England and France are gcologically con-
tinuous and the dip Of the beds is toward
the east on both sides of the channel. Tie
lowcrmost portion. known as the gray
chalk, is more claycy than the rest Of the
chalk foundation, and is impervious enough
to water to make pcrforatlon practicable
The plan is to follow by descending tun-
mel the natural dip Of the gray chalk to-
ward Dover, until 200 feet below the sea
bed, when the tunnel will be driven hori-
zontally right across from shore to shore.
A similarly inclined tunnel will rise along
the dip Of the strata On the French side.
The method of work beng pursued at
Abbot's cliff is to drill the chrlk by circu
lar disk OF iron cutters, worked by com.
pressed air engine by shaft with bcvc
wheel gearing, the shaft and engine ex-
tending for length of 80 feet. The cut
ting disk makes two revolutions minute
and is fed forward q quarter of an inch al
each revolution. The debris as received II
large iron tray, which is hauled ZACH
every now and then by q chain worked by
an auxiliary air engine. An advance Of
| about half an luch a minute Is made ovc
the whole face of the boring.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
Table ECOIlIny.

Extremity is the trier Of mans spirit, I"
says Shakespeare, and "hard times" are
Just as truly the triers Of woman's spirit.
1t is so easy to keep Il table well provided
with inviting and pnlatublc viands if one
only has plenty of money, and can af-
ford to buy the best of roasts, steaks,
fish, fruits, &C., in season but to ac-
complish the end without the means is
nj undertaking that countless women
are struggling with, and that still more
ought to be engaged in for the bcnoiit
of tho family purse. From the fact that
tho butcher sells his high priced meat
first, even in neighborhoods whero
"hard times" is tho cry, and those on
tho last OF the route are unable to get
an occasional choicepiccc when company
is eXpected,i is evidence that women have
not yet learned the fine art of preparing
an inferior piece Of meat into M inviting,
rclishable dish; OF if they do know, do
not use the knowledge to any great cx-
tont. We know the task requires skill
and judgement, but it can bo done, and
is much more creditable than contract
ing debts that time may reveal "unablc
to pay" A lowpriccd steak by long con-
tinued hammering, and then rolling in
well seasoned flour before frying, will
be very tender, and retain it's moisture
quite unlike the proverbial "fricd leath-
or of tho American cook. Even plate
beef, thoroughly stewed and Drowned,
and nico gravy made, is dinner dish
fit for any ordinary earthly mortal. A
soup bono is n profitable and good i'll
vestment, if managed rightly. It should
be put over to boil early i'll tho morning
in cold water, and boiled slowly. Any
tough piece of meat by this plan can be
boiled thoroughly tender, picked from
the bones, seasoned and pressed and
thus DO made into n charming tea or
lunch dish. "rhat true women looketh
we'll to tho ways of her household" is
rs much n gospel truth to-day rs in the
days of King Solomon; she will cndeavor
to use economy and thrift in all her
labors and expenditures rs long rs these
virtues are n family necessity; and woe
hotide the man who possesses such n
wife if he fails to honor and confitlc in
her, md to "givo her of the flslit of her
hands,"
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
The I.ow-ASa ck9d Car.

That thoroughly Irish institution, the
ow-baclcd Car, was invented by an Italian
picturc-dealcr. Mr. Charles BIanconi, who
established himself as dealer in works Of
art at Clonmel, in the county of Tipperary.
somewhere about the year 1880. Whether
he found that buying and selling pictures
was not tho same thing in Tppcrary as in
Lombardy and gave up the art business IN
despair, has never been ascertaincd. Blan-
conf started the first public or "long" car
between Clonmel and CHR IN the year / 1916.
1t was not extensively patronizcd at first,
but the protector was not discouraged, and
soon after had a car running between Lim-
erick and Thuric,--a more ambitious un-
dertalting. A service was then instituted
between Galway and Clfden, and at one
time his cars travelled over the greater part
Of Ireland, running daily, 1t Is said, as
much as 5000 Irish miles. In the south
they lad nothing to fear from the compe-
tition Of stage coaches, and In the north
they often succeeded in knocking their RI
walls off the road, the travelling public show :
Ing very decided preference for the vchi-
Gle from which they could escape with the
greatest case In case of accidents.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
Old Shoes.
But his son had fled.

You probably think that if you look
very sharply at nh old shoe whom You
throw it away, you will know it again if
it ever comes back to you. But that
doesn't ut all follow. Ono of these days
you may button your dress with M old
pair of slippers. comb your hair with a
boot, or grasp n cast-oif gaiter while at
your dinner. You don't see how this
can be? Well, we'll tell you. Old shoes
are turned to account by manufacturers
in the following manner: They arc cut
into very small pieces, and kept for n
couple of days in chloride Of sulphur
The effect of this is to make the leather
hard and brittle. Next the material is
withdrawn from tho action of the chloride
of sulphur, washed with water and dried.
When thoroughly dry it is ground to
powder, and mixed with somo substance
like glue or gum, that causes it to adhere
together 1t is then pressed into molds
and shaped into buttons, combs, knife
handles, etc. So you see how it may
como to pass that you will comb your
hair with a boot, and faston your clothes
with slipper.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
eos.

It is very customary thing to est ices
after dinner; those whose digestion Is not
strong should never touch ices, and should
avoid them most determlnedly. However
hot the weather may be, too sudden cool.
ing process Injuries weak digestion, and
creates a peculiar feeling of weight in the
region of the stomach. Ices do not en-
courage the flow of the gastric juice, but
discourage it, and where this flow is already
weak it must not be diminished. A great
wrong is committed by the constant con-
sumption OF iced and very cold beverages
in hot weather; instead of really cooling,
the reaction creates an irritation which
almost amounts to inflammation of the
walls of the stomach, and docs not allow
tue natural flow of tho secretion, which IS
necessary for perfect digestion. 1t is
necessary to warn those who suffer from a
weakened digestion against very cold foods
or drinks, because these bring about a
peculiar suffering and diminished vitality.
The temperature of the stomach has to be
maintained, and any sudden chill Is fatal
to It.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19

the sports and display Of fireworks.
These latter were exceedingly beautiful
and interesting. For ton consecutive
nights, with but one intermission, our
eyes feasted, from until p. NJ, on the
varied and brilliant fireworks. Great
rockets, with blazing falls, were sent up
as high rs 500 feet Huge, writhing,
fiery serpents would flash for moment
and vanish in the gloom; blazing birds
would leap out from some dark corner
and skim hither and thither, while others
were made to trumpet rs elephants.
Rows Of trees, whose limbs were spurts
of flame, were to be scon, and many
others too numerous to mention. The
fireworks were preceded by sports of
different kinds, suoh rs feats Of horse
manship, acrobats, boxing, men dressed
to represent fabulous animals, jugglers,
the Lotus or phantom dance by night,
and both Chinese and Siamese theatres.
During tho entertainment each day
lines, n species of the lemon, containing
small silver coins and also tickets to
lottery, were scattered freely among tho
spectators. Many beautiful prizes were
drawn by both natives and foreigners.
The Buddhist priesthood were the
principal gamers by this cremation. Ono
hundred thousand dollars were distribu-
ted in gifts to these gentlemen of the
yellow cloth. This was done to "malse
merit, with the hope that some might
reach tho spirit of tho dead Princess
Sun-an- tar hat, as she wanders through
the long travail of births and deaths that
awaits her before she can find rest.
When tho crematory ceremonies were
over, tho ashes and few charred bones
were tcnderly gathered md placed in a
golden urn prepared to receive them.
This urn was made almost entirely of the
dead Princess, and smaller ono received
the remains Of the royal babe. All that
love and skill could devise and execute
were wrought in gold and precious stones
to embalm tho dust of the loved dead.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
Fair Wages.

A farmer asked a boy what he would
work for HIM for, one year. The farmer
was close at bargain and the boy knew 1t.
Says the boy, 81 will work for you if
you will give me one grain Of corn for
the first week, two grQins for the second,
four for the third, and doubling each
week until the fifty weeks or year is OUT
"Good,' said the farmer. The boy began
work and took ono grain for the fl st week,
two for the second. four for the third,
eight for the fourth, sixteen for tho fifth,
thlrty.two tor tho sixth. ''Hold on"
said the farmer, 'you are taking too
many. ".."Not at ALL" SAID the boy, 81 am
but carrying out the contract" The farmer
began to figure how many grains the boy
would take in flfty-two weeks, and to hH
astonlshment he found out that he weuld
| G entitled to AGO. sos, ,257, ,46S, ,s08 grains.
He could never pay him, and agreed to
give HIM fair wages If he would let him Of
from tho contract,
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
A Slamcso Cremation.

The Princess Sun-an-tu tu-rhnt, the favor
ite wife of the King of Siam was
drowned, with her infant daughter,
in the Tohoupraya River about a year
ago. On tho 10th of March the bodies,
which had boon embalmcd, were crema-
ted at Bangkok.
No less than $500, 900 have been ex-
pended in the erection of funeral pyrc
and in gifts for distribution. The pyre
was erected some 300 yards from the
eastern shore of the Tchouprayn River,
inside of the city walls, aud within a
stones throw of the palace. The main
building in which the remains were
burned is large frame work, built of
teak timber, after the style of Buddhist
architecture. The ground form is that
of a cross, the main body 200 feet in
length and the transverse arms 140 feet
in length. The roof is sixty feet from
the ground. From tho centre rises q
pagoda, the top of which is 1G6 feet
from the ground. Bamboo, split, is in
tcrwoven to form the walls, and this is
covered within and without with gildcd
cloth and paper. The structure, as COM
plctcd, from distance, has very sub
stantial look, and when the rays of the
tropical sun are reflected from its gildcd
walls and roofs, pagoda and spire, it
presents q dazzling and beautiful appear
ance Thousands of square yards of
gold leaf are used in OVERLAPPING the
building--bo it remembered, however,
that this building is not burned, and the
gold leaf may be stripped off and used
again. In the centre of this main build
ing, under the pagoda, is erected q mag
niticcnt catafnlque, profuscly decorated
and ornamcntcd with all the devices
which pagan art could suggest. This
was ovcrlaid with n covering to protect
it from the fire. Upon tho top was
placed tho coffin containing the remains,
| which was surrounded by fagots of fra
grant wood.
The ceremonies began on tho 10th OF
March by the solemn transfer of the
golden urn, containing the charrcd bones
of His Mnjesty's illustrious father to be
placed by the funeral pyre. On the 18th
many of the foreigners paid n visit OF
coincidence to his Majesty. The consu.
lar corps, foreign residents and strangers
were invited to assemble Oh the Afternoon
of tho 10th to witness the cremation
At p. NJ. His Majesty, the first king
arrived, followed by his brothers an(
relatives of tho deceased Princess. The
royal party Immediately entered tht
building and arranged themselves abon
tho catafalque. After hush of n few
moments His Majesty, the first king
lighted tho fagots of fragrant wood, ant
his brothers following, threw their offer
ings Of fragrant sandal wood on th'
flames. Light clouds of incense-ladcl
smoke filed the building, and in shor
time tho bodies were reduced to few
charred bones and ashes. His Majest,
then retired and tho company returned
some to their homes, but more to witness
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
Electric Fishes.

Some are fishes extremely electrical.
That of the Gymnotus is the most pow
erful. In the upper Brazil country thoy
are used by the natives to facilitate the
capture of wild horses. a herd is sur
rounded and driven in the direction of
the stream or lake containing the ccls,
and into which the frightened animals
rush stamping on the fish, many Of
feet in length, that in defense throw out
their shocks of electricity, so completely
bcnumbing the horses that they are
easily caught. The cells also exhaust
their powers, md are captured with
comparative safety, rallying again, how
ever, in few hours. Heat has been
evolved and tho electric spark obtained
from the fish. Notwithstanding its
terrible power, there is little parasite
fish, two or three inches in length, that
preys upon it, utterly oblivious to its
shocks. Tho best known electric fish
however the torpedo-,is an inhabitant of
our own waters. Fishermen arc often
made painfully aware of it's presence in
their nets, the shocks passing up the
lines, and even following up splashes of
water, and giving the men violent
shock. One was thrown down as quick
as if hc had boen knocked down with nh
axe. The largest specimens of torpedo
found in our waters weigh nearly two
hundred pounds. 70 test the power of
this fish duck was placed over one that
was confined in an aquarium. It swan
around quietly for fow moments, and
then suddenly became restivc, darting
from side to side in an erratic manner,
trying to escape. It's discontinue rapidly
increased, rs was shown by it's gaspine
and the nuttcring of the wings. That
only seemed to exasperate the fish tC
further efforts and in ton minutes from
the timo tho dnck was put in the waite,
it was taken out dead. A. large sunfish
when put in the tank, showed it's terro,
by ondcavoring to leap from it, but
falling back, it was soon paralyzed by
the torpedo. It's battery, if it can bt
called such, occupies n position between
the skull and the fins on each side. Il
is composed of large number of upright
columns, each of which is covered an(
enclosed by an extremely thin mem
brance. The great sen devil is also sale
to possess electric power,
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
a Bile On Tho Knee.

Henry Archibald is devoted fisher
man, not that he ever catches much OF
anything, but still he likes to take his
pole and line, and go up along the Della
ware during the long, warm Summer
days and lay III the mellow sunshine and
think what the old woman will say when
she finds out he has gone off without
splitting any kindling. In this view OF
the case he yesterday got out his hooks
and lines to look them over. He sat OH
tho wash-bench by the hydrant enjoying
himself hugely when Mrs Archibald
came out and made him bring her a
bucket of water.
While he was doing this, she picked
up large bass hook to admire it, and
laid it down again with the line scatter
ing out in the yard.
Henry discussed tho situation in
Europe with Oxtoby, who was digging
garden Oh the other side of tho fence,
and then sat down again to the contem-
plation of his fishing tackle. Pretty soon
he missed hook.
"Mother," no shouted, "what 'nunder
the sun did you do with my bass hook %
Bother your old bass hook: said
Mrs. Archibald, and she slapped the
stove damper shut with emphasis
"Youve swallowed it, reckon"
You had it a minute ago you know
you did. If woman ever gets her
hands OH fellows things, he never
knows whore thoy arc any more"
Mrs. A. came to tho door and looked
around acidly:.
"What dye call this here ?" and pick
ing up the end of tho line sho gave it n
wrathful jerk.
"Woopeo! ouch!! gosh!!l shoot the
formal dog" yelled Henry and he
waltzed franticnlly around nursing his
hip pocket rs tendorly as though he had
n live coal in it.
"Sake's alive! what's the matter with
the man!' and she gavo the line another
twitch. "Found your old hook, have
you?"
"Found it, you birthstone old torment;
don't You SEQ Two found it. Lcggo!
leggo that line, I tell you, afore Ipulveriso
you.".
"Now, Henry, I'd make fuss if I
were YOU"
"Fuss the blazcs. wished you know
how it feels to have fish hook jerked
through your heart
"Well, you'd no business to set down
on your heart, with fish hooks a-layin'
around"
"Don't be fool now, will You, but
just pull this thing out, before it turns
to locl-jaw."
"Itd take whole barrel of fish hooks
to lock your jaw. Como, give us Il hold
here"
But the first pull she made brought q
Comanche squawk from Henry, and thon
she amputated the adjacent cloth and
got tho butcher knife, whereupon Henry
Strengthened himself up viciously
Look here, woman, I amt no blamed
| old ham; you don't slice mo with that
thing now, and don't you forget it. You
just bounce that gal around for the
doctor suddenly, and you'd better get
down on your marrow bones and pray
for me to recover afore get mad too"
The doctor came, cut off the shank
and pulled out the hook in half q minute,
and nll the rest of the day Henry sat on
n fax-seed poultice and one side of a
chair, calling people up to the front win
dow to ask them what was good for q
bile Oh the knee.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
Rack Rent.

"What is rack-rent, dad ?" inquired q
young Comstockcr who had been read,
ing the news from Ireland
The patient parent laid down the
stock list and replied:
''Do you know how much T charge
Mr.. Boggarty for his room upstairs 2"
eyes, sir; $12 month"
"Woll, now, suppose Mr.. Boggnrty
should take it into his head to have, nj
his own expense, new paper put Oh the
wall, the ceiling whitened md all the
furniture mended, tho room would lool,
n heap sight prettier, wouldn't it?"
''Lor y murmurcd the intelligent
"Wcll, if the minute Boggarty had
got all these improvements made I
should go up and look around and smile
and jingle my money in my pocket, and
remark
"This is pretty sort Of layout for q
single man, Boggarty, and you have al
together too soft n thing Your rent
will be $40 month hereafter" What
would you think of it?'
The innocent child giggled md said
"That would be cheek, wouldn't it,
dad ?"
"Bet your money on it, my boy" re,
rl;od tho father, bcaming kindly upon
his offspring. '"That would be rack.
renting Mr.. Roggarty, and if he kicked
and claimed thaS ,all tho improvements
had been made by linn without costing
mo cent, and l should fire him out
that would be eviction. l will now,
continued the parent, warming up,
"briefly review the history of Ireland
for the past 700 years. When Bria,
Borhu--"
But his son hnd fled.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-07-19
NEAR AND DEAR.

near ones, dear ones you, In whose right hands
Our own rests calm; whose faithful hearts all
day
Wide open walt till back from distant lands
Thought, the tired traveller, wends his h0nieward
way
Uelpmates and heartmates, gla,ldeners OF gone
years,
Tender companions Of our serious days,
Who color with our Kisses, smiles and tears
Life's warm web woven over wonted ways.
Young children and old ncghbors and Old friends,
Old scryants-you, whose smiling circle small
Grows slowly smaller till at last II cnds
Where In one grave Is room enough for ALL
Shut the world out from the heart you cheer!
Though small the circle of your smiles may be,
The world is distant and your smiles are near,
This makes you more than all the world TO Inc.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1881-06-17

In reporting a great number of
miles of railway az having been
built within q given time whore
the prospect Of even making rum
ming expenses hardly amounts to q
hsps, for the next decade, at least.
discourse, 1t may be that, behind
Grant and his hackers, there is q
purpose of conquest and aggran-
dizsment. Should such indeed be
the programme of these gentlemen
1t Is safe to say that the American
people will put their foot upon it.
With fifty millions Of people al
ready within the limits OF the Re.
public, and not of too homogeneous
a character at that, it Is safe to say
that the judicious and controlling
sentiment of our people will frown
upon any schemes of territorial az.
grandizement. For the next
twenty years we shall be too ir-
dustriously engaged upon schemes
for ameliorating our own condition
to engage in any wild and vision.
ary proiects whose accomplish
ment would simply add to our en-
barrassments.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1881-06-17

Tricyoling has become the fash
lOnable pursuit Of the young men
In England, and as the ladies never
fall to follow in the wake Of FASH
ion when set by their admirers, the
tricycle. has bsen adopted by them
with the greatest eagerness. At
first 1t was considered "rather fast"
and looked upon with shyness, but
ever since the newspaper account OF
the ride taken by her Majesty and
Princess Beatrice, each royal lady
mounted on her iron horse and ca
resring gaily on the high road and
through the green lanes around
Osborne, all scruple has vanished.
1t is urged that no danger can ex.
list, as the Queen, who 10 a heavy,
fat old lady, was enabled to sit on
her steed with as much ease and
confidence as when In former days
she used to prance so proudly on
her high-mettlsd horse before the
troops at review. And go professors
OF the bicycle and tricycle. abound
In London, and the racing and
chasing along the suburban roads
at twilight aud the laughing and
chatting as the iron soursers shoot
by, give quite new aspect to the
solitary walks around London.
Daily Los Angeles herald., 1881-06-17

to establish village life In Kansa,,
similar to that which they had left
in Europe, the farms running off
from the village In long, narrow
strips; but this plan was not found
practicable, and the farming is now
done in the ordinary American
manner. Where the land is owned
In quarter sections, however, four
houses are built in adjacent cor
ners, enabling the Inhabitants to
become near Deighbors. A. q rule,
the Mennonitss are richer than the
average Of Western farmers. They
are not communistic, ~ has been
said, though clannish, and opposed
to mixing socially or in business
with the people around them.
The track OF the Atlantic and Pa.
cific railroad is laid 100 miles west
of Albuquerque, which brings 1t
within ten miles Of Fort WIngate.
The line has been surveyed from
Bill Williams's mountain to Brig
ham City, and grading Is complet-
ed to the latter point. The COM
pany have 800 carloads of rails at
Bacon Springs ready to move to
the front at any moment, and the
construction trains are hauling ties
to the front as rapidly as possible.
Mr.. Coddington expressed himself
that the road can be completed to
Brigham City within 60 days. A
scarcity of labor has caused two or
three OF the contractors to go to
California and Utah to bring in Ia
borers Tucson Star.