The Red Cloud chief., 1881-12-01

requirements u difereni soils and
localities mus, be met. therefore dsiin-
tie rules can hardly be laid dosn By
which to- govern the matte. uader al
circumstances. b., each Geld must be
considered BY itself and broken NJ \, \
season aud IN \ style BEST suited TO us
own pccusIarIties
Whether TO pIow during the fAll or IN
the spring 10 . problem tina, szwsys
arising and about which there .re end
less q scussions; the number oi infeliS
! gen; cuitivatons eho advocate fall plos-
Tag are on the increase. q mist be
SAID. aud on lands OF certain character
the advantages o. fan plswing are uisn-
fold. Strong Arguments IA its favor
are. the teams can ploS IN the same
length Of time \ mach greater area IA
the fall han IN the spring. there -
more !. sure time for accomplishing the
work aud less fStigu- To both man and
beast. and. where Il - properly done.
fall p.owing affords sufficient drainage
10 dry the and. so that IL Is ready al
most or quite a fortnight earlier for the
plow in the spring.
MANY farmers consider fall piowing
equal 10 a dressing Of manure. inss-
much as IL places the ground IN coBdi-
ton 10 as.imilatc all the fertilizing
properties OF mineral aud atmospheric
pl~ant-fooi. Soluble matters which
lave lesched down TOO far for the feed
crs TO reach are also brought TO the
surface BY the turning over Of land.
Weeds. grass and the stubble OF har-
vested crops are covered in IA SOL.
where they will undergo decomposition
and in the right place for the ~rootlcts
To feed upsn when the crops start. In
this connection il may be well to re-
mind those who complain that blowing
under of certain weeds only tends to
encourage q more luxurious growth,
that weeds which are propagated by
seed ought To he turned under before
the seed ripens. Ot course. If the pro-
cess is delayed q foul crop Of weeds Is
planted in place of being destroyed.
D~isintcgration il one Of the secrets OF
the beneficial results from iall blowing.
Its action is twofold; il is both mechan-
zeal and chemical. Land broken by the
piow holds "a greater per cent. Of water.
IL freezes in this vet state, then 1t
thaws. and the disintegration is com.
4 IAttS- slpsrIuAN va A' ~
face filters through the pulverized earth
evenly, and consequently the manurial
properties in the wafer reach every par
ticle of the soil and are retained. An
other advantage OF pillow NJ Is the
greater surface of soil exposed. Com
pact ground presents but one surface Ia
the air, while that which Is well brosen
exposes every side n deep as the filth
goes. The filth il also deepened, and
clay subsoil thrown on top becomes
subjected to atmospheric actions which
prepare it for any solvents that may bc
applied.
The unearthinc of pestilent insects
from their comfortable hiding places in
the fall and exposing them 10 the
weather is one of the iacalcu!ablc bene.
fits arising from fall blowing. While
these and other benefits accrue in very
many cases from fall blowing, there are
Conditions that render spring plow.ng
preferable. Light sandy lands. gener.
aliy speaking. are best broken up III
the spring. and experience appears to
have demonstrated in most instance:
that land near the sea, which is rarely
covered with snow, produces better
"llt AeNto IN tht IA hAsh - tsA-
is done in the autumn.
Farmers generally agree that sandy
or dry soils require Fat blowing, which
tends TO consolidate the land, while on
low or strong soils they prefer to leave
the burrows on edge. Much is written
and said each year against breaking up
ground that is too wet; the other n
treme is seldom mentioned, and Yet II
is frequently ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
in heavy clay land that running the
pillow through ground o dry is almost
rs pernicious in its effects as blowing i,
when too wet. Sufficient moisture il
required 10 cause the burrows 10 fall
loosely from the plow, with no appear
ancc OF packing and no Jumps.
The question OF deep and shallow
blowing has perhaps caused more con.
~trovcrsy at clubs and farmers met
ings than almost any other subject.
Here again no rigid rule can be laid
down by which To govern widely di-
verse circumstances. The question oil
deep or shallow blowing must be de-
termined by the depth of the soil and
the character of the suhsoil.' In q gen.
eral way it NAV be said that the subsoil
ought not to be brought out OF its bed
except in small quantities TO be eX-
posed to the atmosphere during the
winter and spring. or in n summer fall
low. nor even then except when such
fertilizers are applied as are necessary
to put it at once INTO 4 productive con-
d.tion. Two Indifferent soils of oppo-
site character as n stiff clay and 81 d.
ing sand-sometimes occupy the rela-
ton of surface and subsoil TO each
other. When thoroughly Incorporated
and subjected TO deep cultivation these
will produce a soil Of greatly-increased
value. River soils having natural
drainage take kindly 10 deep blowing.
rs do the black, porous aud fertile lime
stone soils.
Land that is dry, with but n few inch
es OF good soil, will not Of course pro-
luce a. good crops by deep as by shall
low p,owing. These conditions are
susceptible Of improvement By n thor
Ough system of ~subsoiling and liberal
manuring Deep plowing is also i'll
q ADVISED when a basin is formed below
a certain line in which water will settle
and remain until il can escape by
evaporation. Such soils require drain
age, after which the plow can be set
deep.
To sum up the whole matter of deep
or shallow blowing briefly. thin soiis
with worthless subsoils must be plowed
shallow until the cultivator can and
will afford the labor and expense of
subsoiling and heavy manuring for n
number of years. This expense and
labor, it need hardly be explained, will
repay him in the end with a handsome
interest. not only by increased crops
but by enhanced value of the land.
Deep clay loans and alluvial soils take
kindly to deep blowing. Wet lands
should be drained previous to deep
blowing. The medium course, viz. {:
blowing from five to six inches deep. is
of course exempt from the harmful re-
suits of the two extremes.
As the turns made in blowing con-
su1ne time. it is economy TO run the
burrows in the longest direction Ex-
pertinent has proven that the time lost
in turning short plots make q large
item in the expense accounr-N. +.
HoTtd.