Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-07-10
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STATE NORMAL. INSTITUTE
Fbe First saturday Session-A Continue
ton of the Lectures.

elOu VI tnt LcGtNTSos
Reported officially for the CHRONICLES.
- After the usual chapel exercises yesterday
morning, Prof Dinwiddie continued his
lectures on arithmetic. He first considered
the different kinds of Enumeration, defining
it as the art of reading numbers. He gave
examples of the two systems, American and
English, which are now in use, the former
dividing its series into three figures and the
latter in six. He also mentioned the Roman
system, which uses but seven characters,
the law of which is Add together the
value of all the letters used, observing that
whenever small numbers precede larger
ones the difference is to be substracted."
He gave several interesting calculations with
the Roman numerals In his opinion, the
literal rotation was the best where known
quantities were represented by the first and
unknown by the last letters of the alphabet
the numbers being represented by Arabic
figures. He discussed the term addition
with Illustrations, saying that there is no
good definition of the word for child; it
must be demonstrated to him by adding
like things to like.
Prof. Sedan, on pedagogics, said: The
analytical method, beginning with the whole,
proceeds with the parts. The most consist
ent method was suggested III the last GEN.
tury by famous Frenchman, Jacotot, who
said: What we need in schools is concen-
tration. We spread over too much ground
In my school the child shall use but ono
book" He would read the story to them,
pausing at times and then ask the class
where he paused, and would mako them rec
ognize some word in different places then
the first sound, then the sound in other
places This is a consistent analytical meth.
cd, beginning with the whole and proceed
ing to the parts. This brings us to the So
called word method, which has endless yaria-
tons, namely: tho picture method used III
Louisville, the s'look and see" English
method, and the word and phonetic method
combined. In the word method the child
is to associate the form of the thing with the
form of the word, must combine the two,
He learns to read the next first day. He
must read, not spell. Don't let them learn
the lessons by heart, but skip about IF you
are compelled to have spelling lessons, have
them, but let them be excluded from read
ing.
At the third hour, Prof. Nicholson lectured
on the extent and classification of stratified
rocks. He said: Stratifed rocks occupy
about nine-tenths of the earth's surface, and
the other portion which is occupied by
| igneous rocks, but the exposed portion of
the interior earth which is composed of
| them. Therefore we have reason to believe
that the entire earth has been covered with
| water as stratified rocks are the result of
erasion and deposition of sediment by water.
| Stratifed rocks are classified according to
| this composition in aranaceous or sand
stones, argillaceous or clay, calcareous or
lime stones. Each of these present several
varieties rs they are gravel, conglomerate
aebbles, single breccia and nebble. In the
clay rocks in the loose condition we have
mud and clay variously colored from the
iron that is in the soil Partly solid feed as
shale, wholly SO as slate. The lime stones
| have solid form. All these graduate insensi-
bly, into each other. They are formed
slowly under water as is proved by the
| thin sheets of shale which are to be
| found, and the fossils with delicate parts
| finely preserved. standing as history of the
| time of deposition. These rocks alter, be-
ing deposited at the bottom of water, are
| Cemented together by carbonate of lime OF
oxide of iron, or silica, or may be solidi
| fed by long combined pressure, such as il
| the ocean bottom with five miles of waite,
pressing them down.
| The fourth lecture of the morning wal
one on Natural Philosophy, by Col. s. Ell
Lockett, Below we give brief synopsis o.
| the subject discussed and its divisions
1 which were illustrated by Colonel Lockett
! by experiment. This is one of the pretties
branches of study, and is made doubly sc
when illustrated by experiments. The sub
! iect of the lecture was Gravitabon. He di
vided it into universal or celestial and terres
trial or gravity. Gravity is divided into
weight, when the body is free. Laws o.
weight arc proportion to mass, inversely
proportion to distance and varies with tn.
latitude on the earth. The laws of falling
bodies are the same for all bodies; velocit,
acquired twice the space; space proper
tional to square of time and space pc
second proportional to odd numbers. Th'
center of gravity may be found either
mathematically or experimentally. Equili
brium may be either stable, Indifferent ant
unstable. The pendulum was explained
both simple and compound. Its laws ar,
isochromous, same for same length, indie
pendent of material; varies in length ant
and also as to force of gravity.
Besides the regular courses of study, sew
eral optional branches are offered. Prof
Eben. Alexander is instructing two classe
in Latin, ON its pronunciation, &C., Prof
Joynes in the modern languages, and Prof
McBryde in agriculture. Col. Loekett'
class in sketching is doing admirably.
No Hospital Needed.