Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-05-19

pieces by his answers, eight with his
own riddle, one in his pocket to start
with, one he gave back and four he gave
to the captain. - GOilen DdJs
The American and English Cabinets.
In both the United States and Eng
land the cabinet, as body, il unknown
TO the constitution, and is not officially
recognized by the law. The name
Cabinet never occurs in formal
documents; it has gradually come into
use, from the fact that in England the
kings advisers were wont to meet and
consult him in his private cabinet.
Each cabinet officer, however, is
officially recognized in both America
and England-not as n cabinet officer,
but as the chief of one of the great de
partments of the executive administra-
tion.
In this country such an officer is
known as "secrctary the secretary of
state, of the interior, and so on. In
England the title Of secretary is used
for the five highest administrative OFF.
GERS, those of foreign affairs, home
affairs, the colonies, India and war.
The Office corresponding to our Sec
rctaryship of the treasury, on the other
hand, is in England divided between
two high officials first lord Of the
treasury and the chancellor Of the cx-
chequer; the officer known to rs as the
secretary of the navy is called in Eng,
land the first lord of the admiralty.
In England, moreover, there are soy
eral cabinet officers unknown to our
own cabinet. These are the lord high
chancellor, the president Of the board
Of trade, the chancellor Of the Duchy Of
Lancaster, the president Of the council
and the lord privy seal
In the United States the members Of
the cabinet are nominated by the Prcsi-
dent, and are approved or confirmed by
the Senate. The President can also
remove any one Of them at any time.
But in England the cabinet is really
selected by the prime minister, subject
to the approval Of the queen; and,
though he can remove them, the Eng.
lish cabinet usually comes in and goes
out Of office in a'body.
There arc other notable differences
between the two cabinets In the
United States no cabinet officer can sit
in either house Of Congress. In Eng
land no man can sit in the cabinet who
is not a member Of either the commons
or lords.
With rs the cabinet officer has two,
and only two, functions-as the chief Of
an executive department and as an advi.
ser Of the President on matters Of gen.
cral policy. With the English the cahi.
net officer adds a third function 70 these
two, for he is parliamentary leader,
and in the commons OF lords defends
either the policy Of his own depart.
mcnt or the general policy Of the min
istry Of which hc is a member.
While in the mother country a cabi-
net always goes ont of power in a body
when the house Of commons casts vote
adverse TO its proceedings, in the United
States the position of the cabinet, as a
whole, is quite unaffected by any vote
Of either or both houses Of Congress.
Each English cabinet officer has his
own rank and dignity, while the Ameri-
can secretaries are officially equal. The
salaries of these officers, moreover differ
widely in the two countries. Our score
taries get $500 year. The English
prime minister receives s25, 900 a year /.
so do the chancellor Of the cxchcquer
and the five secretaries Of state. The
lord high chancellor has $50, 600 year,
and q pension, when he retircs, of 21O,-
600 a year for life. The lowest salary
received by an English cabinet member
is $40, 900, which is the sum received by
the president of the council, the lord
privy seal, the president of the board of
trade and the chancellor of the Duchy
of Lancaster.
From these differences some idea may
be derived of the contrasts which appear
between the institutions Of the ancient
monarchy of England and our own still
youthful republic.
Origin of Yankee"