The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-02-16
ILIOS: THE CITY AND 60 UN-
TR Y OF THE T'ROJAN MS.

Pldiu Vi Troy. he puOllSneQ large
volume on the subject in 1874, entitled
Troy and its Remains In 1878 and
1879 he continued his explorations, and
we have now a second volume, with the
title at the head of this article, going
over the same ground, and giving also
his latest discoveries and matured sur
vey of the whole subject. The work, it
may be understood, is exhaustive of the
subject, when we state that it is heavy
octave volume of 800 pages. with maps,
plans, and 1900 illustrations. There is
Preface by Professor Virchow, of Ber-
lin, and Appendices by Prof. Virchow,
Prof. ]. P. Mahaffy, Prof A. H. Sayce,
Mr.. Frank Calvert, Prof. Brugsch-Bey,
and A. ], Dufield, with contributions
from Prof. Max Muller and M. E. Bur
nouf.
While the critics of Germany were dis
putting whether there had ever been such
a place as Troy any more than Garden
of the Hesperides, and whether Helen
and Priam and Paris, and the fierce strug-
gle on the shores of the Hellespont be-
tween the dawning civilisation of Greece
and the already languishing civilization
OF Asia, were not mere creations of the
poets fancy, DIR. Schliemann went to
work with the spade, and brought to the
light of day the burned and buried city.
1t is not only this sort of literary crit
icism which was sent to the rear by DR..
Schliemann's startling discoveries, but
another visionary science received a
shock just as rude. This was the
science which has figured so extensively
under the auspices of Lyell, Lubbock.
Lartet, Mortillet, Worsaae, and the rest,
as Prehistoric Archeo1ogy. All Europe
was startled some twenty-five years ago
by the sudden revelation that thousands
OF years before, that continent had been
inhabited by races unacquainted with the
metals, barbarians or savages who lived
IN what the Danish Archeologists char
acterised as the Stone Age. These an
clent people were succeeded by other
populations who made use of bronze
weapons and tools, but had no iron. Then
followed the Iron Age, which covered
the historic al period of antiquity. The
stone axes and CHS els of the Stone Age
people were found, according to Lyell
and Lubbock, in the Valley OF the Somme
In France under thirty feet of peat, which
Gas they claimed) must have required
thousands of years for its accumulation.
Aud IN Denmark in similar peat beds.
they remarked three distinct strata, rep
resenting in succession the Stone, the
Bronze, and the Iron Age. At the bot
tom they found nothing but stone nipple
ments, with the remains of the forests of
Pine that once fourished in Denmark
These forests were succeeded in Denmark
by Oak forests, and this was the period
OF the Bronze Age people. Then the
forest growth of Denmark changed again
the Oak disappeared as the Pine had
done before it, and the country was COW
cred with forests of Beech-coeval with
the Iron Age. All Europe, during the
Stone Age, was dotted over with the vii
lagos of long vanished race, who built
their dwellings on platforms laid down
on piles sunk in the lakes, which were
then far more numerous in Europe than
now. The Lake-Dwellers, Sir John Lub-
book calculated to have lived at least
1000 years ago.
Back of all this lay the First Stone
(Paleolithic) Age, with which we have
here nothing to do.
The excavations of DR.. Schliemann lin
which he was assisted by two eminent
Professors Virchow and
Burnouf) prove that there were seven
distinct and successive settlements on
the site of Troy. 1t is the third of these
which is identified with the Homeric
Troy, and here there are overwhelming
evidences of terrific confagration.
DIR. Schlieman excavated to the depth
Of 81 feet, where he struck the virgin
rock; and here he found the walls and
rubbish of the first city-walls of small
uncut stones joined with earth. The
weapons and tools found in this stratum
ora 81