, 1881-03-14

MOST ESEHfET1C 3EAStltt'@
ngainst them. llr made examples Of many |
tf the mus; notorious Er.nE~'toers. lii all i
IFS projects Of reluru,. l,e gave m mnnrtant |
place 10 public education. l'y IL decree Ut
Oct. 70. 1851 liz. rcn,s,setl nil tho restrictions
which limited tho number Of students In the
Russian Universities. Slchnias Ilau nrilrrcd |
IN fS4U that ait the Professors Of tho Alrx-
antlrlnn Collcge atNi the st. Petersburg |
School Of Inv slhnll bc chosrn fron tue |
bsl,cr officers uf tho army. Alexander. oil
t!lc 18th If Frhr1nry, lST', repealed afl tslrso
orders. II tlrsirp hcmcrfOrlll," l,o shid'
"ttiat military officers st,ali not bc tlestg-
lntc.t IL discharge duttcs III thls ktht III tilo
civil Institutions. 4 new Faculty, ch'ieH that
.nf Oriental LANGUAGES flall becr established
Sept. !, 1855, Mt thu University Uf st. PGteFs-
burg and !, decree published Mt tho end Of
May, 1856, to Regulate public instruction OH
tile new principles, p'uced II under the linz
mediate supervision mid direction Of tho Esn-
pcror.
Hts REPUTATION Fol MlIpSEss
a1ltl humanity give some hopes tn Polaht'
4 ukase Of May 81, is:d, authorized the re-
turn of the e.ntgrants Ut 1850 nftl ISL. But
this amnesty was very llntted a,nt extended
only To those WHO expressed ppnitcncc. nnl
1t did not rcstore conttsrntetl cstatrs. Nhllo
III many respects more c0ncisisary. Alexander
was no. less attached than his father 10 tho
principle of the unity uf Tho Empire. "Alovo
nll," he said, "!ct there liz Nn more dreams.
1 will know how to DbliHc those to ao THUR
duty who wlsI, to nourlsll slcli illusions.
Finland and Poland are IL 1lle rs tlcar as all
the other provinces Of my Empire; hut, for
the good Of tito Pnies themselves. 1t Is need
I'll! that they should re,anin fureyer members
of tic great Russian family. like better to
reward than tu punlsIl; but when there Is
need shall
KNOW HOW TO DE SEVERE,
md l will be-" So he expressed himself be-
fore the assembled nnbltty of Poland Oh tho
occasion OF his journey TO vnrsov'r, md Ills
words excited tho grcatcst enthusiasm III tho
old Russian party. Elsewhere so'ac I'LL
portant victories In tho Caucasus md the
capture Of Schamyl prepared The way for the
paclfcatlon If this most turbulent part OF tue
nuss!an Empire.
still polalu was to cause tic Emperor
Alexander tho grentest cnbnrrassnlents III
tho Interior anl to disturb his relations With
Europe. Thu concessions which lle inat1o
did not satisfy the National sentiment. III
March, 1851, lie
ACCORDED TO POLAND
the reorganization uf It's educational systems.
tho foundation Of higher scliools Of learning,
md school Of law, IL Cn,,ncil of State. COM
posed of ecclesiastical lIgnttnrtes a',a leatl-
tng citizens, elective councils III tho depart
inchts and districts, and SOME subordinate
municipal councils lii thu principal cities.
Some disorders arose, which were ster1ly
put down, and toward tho e,,.l Of lSG2 a Eei,-
erat Polish tnsilrrectiun bro]sc out. A rev.
o!uttol,ary government, secret aml supreme
in alI Its operations, and beyond tho power
ur knowledge of tho Russian police, directed
, all Its movements. The strife was prolonged.
nlld excited the deepest sympathy III all Eu-
rope. In Frunce. Englnl1A, aud Italy u
,er1cs Of friendly demonstrations were mntlc.
A special Congress- was proposed By tho
Western Powers, and. utter 4 naughty re-
fusal by GoTtsellahoif, agreed to by the Car
Nov. G-l8, 1sS}}. Bnt 1t catic to nothing.
A nkase signed at k!sstngeM In June, 1861.
permitted refugees frotn POLAND, cx1led OH
account Of late events, to return to tho cou1I-
try. provided they were guilty Of 10 capital
crime.
DIVERS DEcnEEs.
DEGREES in the month of September follow
Ing reorganizett Tie public instruction Of ,po-
lind, authorized tic USE Of the National Inn
guage, alad modified the pcnal code, mitiga'
ting tho penalties for many ollenscy, aid
abolishtng corporal punishment.
q But thu period Ut clencncy wns short. A
nkaso Of December, 1906. forbade Poles to
acquire in future seignoral lefs IN Poland,
and facilitated tho acquisition by Russians Of
sequestrntel estates In Poland. Another dc.
cree Of Aug. q, lsCG, ordered tllat all public
affairs should be thenccforth transa ctcd II,
tho Russian language In Poland ny IN other
parts Of tho Empire Almost Immediately
: A CONSIDERABLE REVOLT
broke out; tile exiles In Siberia, who were
for the most part Poles, organized III regl'
1,,ents and songht to overcome the roynl
troops, but thu revolt was 50 spent!Ely snb
dued that It Eayo ITO hope to Polatd. The
following year another nknsu suppressed the
Council OF Stnte Of tho ancient Kingdom oil
Poland, Its Inst surviving National institution
Still another ukaso s!ccrecd that public instl-
tut!Dns III Poland should be under tho super
1ntenuence Of the Imperial Minister Al
st. PETERSBURG Finally, in April, 1858