The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-12-22
FACTS AND FIGURES.

lin some parts of France boiled
apple pulp b mixed with -four for Z
bread.
The fast trains between Chicago
and New York now make an average
run of about thirty five miles per hour.
An extensive establishment for the
manufacture of macaroni. vermicslli,
and all other sorts of Italian pastry in
Philadelphia has seriously damaged
the importations Of such articles from
Italy. zr7.-.-s,,- .'~1~~e-..a-.
The phosphate royalty of South
Carolina, at 81 ton (which ROYALTY
is paid on only the phosphate rock OBJ
tained in the rivers and navigable
streams OF the State), amounted in the
last fiscal year to the sum of $l2l.54l.
"A tool that weighs 10000 pounds
has just been made at . Wilmington
lDel.) machine-shop for an Alliance
(O.) iron company. It is . huge
planning machine, capable of planning .
sheet of iron ten feet wide and twenty
four feet long.
Agents of California fruit-growers
are in Oregon buying up all the nursery
trees they can obtain. There is said to
be . great demand for the Bartlett pear,
for plums and prunes, and for choice
brands OF apples. California is going
into fTuit-growing more extensively
than ever before. The business has
received fresh impulse from the ex-
tensive use of new processes of drying
fruit. and from the increased number Of
canneries going into operation. The
fruit trees Of California have been de-
stroyed in large numbers by noxious
insects during the last two or three
years, and this is further cause of the
new demand.
1t yearly takes zoo, 600 acres of
forest to supply cross-ties for the rail-
roads of the United States. It takes
15,OOO,O 600 ties to supply the demand,
for which on an average the con-
tractors get thirty-five cents apiece,
making in the aggregate $5,-
100000. In building a new road tho
contractors figure on 200 ties to the
mile, while it takes 800 ties to the mile
to keep constructed road in repair.
The average OF q good piece of timber
land is 20O trees to the acre and II ties
to the tree. White or burr oak is con-
sidered the best timber for tho purpose,
although cherry, maple, ash, and even
locust have been used. The business
gives employment to an army of chop
pers. who are paid ten cents apiece for
each tie. A sing 9 man has been known
to get out thirty-five ties in a day, vet
the average is only ten. while an expert
will probably get out twenty.
In China machinery for coal min
ing to tighten labor is unknown. The
Chinese have not even an idea of the
pumps indispensable to draw off the
water. If local circumstances allow
they cut drainage galleries; ii not. they
abandon the work whenever the inun.
dation has gained too far upon them.
The mattock and shovel, the pick and
the hammer are the mining instruments
the only ones in fact. which the Chi.
nese employ in working the coal. The
water of the mine is emptied by slow
process OF filling small casks. which are
brought up to the surface by manual
labor. TIE coal when mined is put
into baskets and drawn upon sledges,
which are raised to the surface bv man.
ual strength. Each basket contains
about three pounds of coal, and one
man can raise about twelve cwt. pei
day. The wages paid per day are equal
to seventy-six cents.