davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Northern Pacific farmer. [volume] (Wadena, Minn.) 1878-1885, 1881-03-17
House Plants for Winter.

At a meeting of the Horticultural Society
of Worcester, Mass, MIR. w. W. Cook read
paper showing how to grow house plants,
including those grown in conservatives, as
we'll as those in parlors and sitting rooms
The three things necessary are congenial
soil, proper temperature, aud the necessary
amount of moisture. A light rich soil not
liable to bake is necessary, but that from
the garden should not be taken, as it be-
comes muddy when wet and bakes under
the sun. Leaf mould from deciduous trees
forms an excellent foundation for ported
plants, but the leaves must be thoroughly
rotted, which sometimes requires two or
three years time. In the woods they may
be obtained by digging away the upper.
fresher layers of leaves. Rotted sods two
or three inches thick from an old pasture
or light soil are excellent, and should be
we'll chopped up, to which should be added
thoroughly rotted hot bed manure, and to
three or four bushels half bushel of
sharp sand. After properly potting the
temperature should be considered, the av-
erage temperature Of living room being
higher than greenhouse, he not having
over 65 in the day time and about 81 at
night. The temperature should be 10 or
Is degrees lower while it is dark than while
light, care being taken not to get the tenn
perature too low in cold weather. Supply
ing too much fresh air should be avoided,
the opening of doors and windows while
sweeping being injurious. Sudden changes
should be avoided and good ventilation pro-
vided, to avoid draft on the plants, which
should always be kept cooler at night than
in the day, and subject to good ventilation
where there will be no drafts. Callas, smi-
lax, etc., are injured by the sun shining on
them while wet, SO Swinging should be de-
layed till after sunset. where they are in
collection. Errors in watering are also IA
tai to success, and the golden mean must
be observed, the plants to be watered only
when the grower is satisfied it is necessary
by careful examination, not at stated peri
DDS. The plan of giving little water ev-
cry day is not beneficial, as water should be
given when applied to thoroughly moisten
the soil, if grown in ordinary pots, but if
in glazed pots or window boxes eLough to
thoroughly moisten the soil must not be
given. The foliage must be syringed copi-
ously at least once week, care being taken
to wet the upper and under sides of the
leaves, and If Swinging is impossible a
sponge should be used; three times week
is better than once. For blossoms the
plants must be kept in healthy condition,
and if cuttings are desired they should be
taken in July, but if you have room for
large plants they should be set where they
will have the morning or evening sun, wa
tered when necessary, and repotted in Au-
gust. Then set where they will get the sun
all day after the potting has been done two
weeks, care being taken to take them in be-
fore they become chilled. In manuring,
the tendency to use too much should be
avoided and the nlants if DrODerlv n1antad
ton; but if they bece mo pot bound a little
The Northern Pacific farmer. [volume] (Wadena, Minn.) 1878-1885, 1881-03-17
Officers of n innesota Grand Lodge X. Of II.

Grand Dictator-H. B. Upham. Rochester.
Grand Vice Dctator-L. G. Wheeler, Austin
Grand Assistant Dictator-M. Maverick, Winona.
Grand Chaplaih-C. G. Hgbee, St. Paul
Grand Guide-R. H. Stevens, St. Paul.
State Medical Examner-Dr. E. w. Gross, Roch-
ester.
Grand Reporter-Wm. Cheney, Minneapolis.
Grand Treasurer-H. II. Luers, Owatonna.
Grand Guardian--W. Fl. Jennings, Crookston.
Grand Sentinel-Hugh Speeks, Dover.
Grand Trustees-Wm. Moorhouse, Hastings: S.
W. Burgess Mankato; J. w. Booth, Rochester.
Jupreme Representatives-Twoy years, Edward J.
Davenport, Minneapolis.
Alternate--R 81. Stevens, St. Paul.
Supreme Representative year, H. B. Up
ham, Rochester
Alternate-W. F. Webb, Wabasha.
STANDING COMMUTERS.
Laws and Supervison-L. N. Countryman, Hast
ings; Allen Gerrish, st. Charles; NJ. B. Chadwick,
Owatonna.
On Appeals and Grievances-W. T. Burn, st.
Paul; Edward Bigelow, Austin: ]. Briggs, Glyn-
don.
The Northern Pacific farmer. [volume] (Wadena, Minn.) 1878-1885, 1881-03-17

Minnesota News by Telegraph and Mail.
John Roskos, a laborer on the railroad near
Alexandria, was run over by a locomotive and
killed
Wlnona is moving to get sugar refinery, and
arrangements are making for convention to
consider the subject.
The intrinsic value of the law books and re-
cords destroyed by the capitol fire foot up to
$25, 900, on which there was but $40, 600 ID
surance.
Mrs. Harriet A. Tenny, State librarian of
Michigan has sent letter Of coincidence to state
librarian Taylor of Minnesota and tenders SUI
preme court reports and statutes to replace the
burned volumes.
Foreign bondholders have instituted suit
against the city of Duluth in the federal court,
to compel the payment of certain bonds and in
terest coupons held by them which are unpro-
vided for in changing the boundaries of that
city.
The dwelling house of George Bradley, of
East Rochester, Olmsted county, was burned
and Mr. Bradley only had time to get the child
rem out, losing all their clothing and his own,
except one pair of pants and vest The fur
niture was all burned: Loss on house, $500;
and $3.50 on furniture. Insured for $3.50 in
the American Insurance company at Chicago.
Miss Rosalie Chouinard a young French girl
of II. working for Mrs. F. K Goulet at
Gravelville, Morrison county, deliberately shot
herself near the heart with small revolver.
She was the youngest daughter Of Mr.: and Mrs.
Stephen Chouinard, who have lived in this
county for sixteen years. No cause is assigned
for her suicide.
The trustees of the insane hospitals transact
ed q good deal of routine business at late
meeting in Rochester, and will meet again at
St. Peter April 10Th to open bids and award
contracts for rebuilding at st. Peter. The
board are DESTROYS, If practicable, to erect the
new east wing the coming fall, so that the walls
may be settled, and the building fully finished
in 1882.
The Northern Pacific farmer. [volume] (Wadena, Minn.) 1878-1885, 1881-03-17

Prof. Bouchardat attributes to the vine
powerful sanitary properties. He asserts
that wherever it is cultivated to any con-
siderable extent there is a very sensible
diminution of intermittents. The virtue
is attributed to the action of the vine on
the effiuvia which cause feyers.
The Northern Pacific farmer. [volume] (Wadena, Minn.) 1878-1885, 1881-03-17
Gov pillshnrv's Amendments.

Gov. PilISbnrys appointments.
Hon. William Mitchell of Winona county, and
Hon. Greenleaf Clark of Ramsey, have been
appointed judges of the supreme court, under
tho act of the legislature increasing the number
of Judges of that tribunal.
Hon. c. NJ. Start of Olmsted county, has been
appointed Judge of the district court, in place
Of Judge Mitchell.
For Attorney General, Mr.. W. J. Hahn of
Lake City, vice c. M. Start, resigned
For United States Senator-Hon. A. J. Edger-
ton, of Dodge county.
The Northern Pacific farmer. [volume] (Wadena, Minn.) 1878-1885, 1881-03-17
MINNESOTA NEWS.
SCHOOL FUND APPORTIONMENT.

The Official Distribution as Prepared by Su-
perintendent of Public Instruction Burt.
Following is the apportionment by counties
OF the current school funds made on the first
Monday in March by Superintendent of Public
instruction Burt, on the basis of forty cents to
each scholar enrolled in the public schools Of
minnesota Of the seventyfour counties in
the State but one-Benton-is not shown, that
county having failed to make its report, which,
epprOxima telY will be $50 scholars:
The Northern Pacific farmer. [volume] (Wadena, Minn.) 1878-1885, 1881-03-17

Totals. Scholars 172,S50 Amount, $50, 40 90
The apportionment was first made, as pre-
viously stated in these columns, on the basis of
thirty-eight cents to the scholar; but before it
was promulgated, the State treasurer received
So, 900 additional school funds, and this
amount was added pro rata.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16
A Screen for the Back Door.

IL is often desirable to shut off view
of the back door and its surroundings
by screen, so that the inmates may
pass to the dairy house, wood shed, and
other buildings unnoticed by pass
ers along the highway. and others. A
screen of lattice-work answers very
well, and one made with thin stats
crossing one another, and SO painted as
not to be conspicuous. will present a
neat appearance and be serviceable.
But such screen of itself attracts at
tention, and is too artificial for a coun-
try home. A screen may re made of
evergreens, set in straight line TO
form tall hedge. Or. where the land
can be afforded. they may be set in two
lines 10 form broad belt. :he trees in
one row beng opposite the intervals in
the next. This makes, perhaps, the
best of living screens, lut they are
somewhat slow in growth, and take up
considerable space. Still. the Norway
Spruce. the tree on the whole best suit
ed 10 the purpose. will soon become
large enough, and some temporary
screen may be used in the meanwhile
II these trees are set in single line.
place them six feet apart. but ii in two
lines. they may be tea feet apart; A
screen that is both serviceable and
agreeable TO the eve, may be made by
setting posts as high As desired. along,
the line OF the screen. and connect the
top of these posts by cardboard. Be-
low this cap stretch number OF wires,
and the frame work of the screen is
complete. Plant along the screen ev-
cry six or eight feet. quick-growing
grape vines. The Clinton OF Taylor
are the most useful for foliage, though
the Concord will grow fast enough, and
give an abundance of fruit besides.
Until the grave vines are large enough,
ANNALS. such as morning glories. may
be sown, or some roots of the Madeira
vine planted. In three years. afrthe
most the grapevine screen will be
complete The vines should be trained
with a view to cover the screen with
foliage.-A'atrican Agrfcultarist.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16

with the wood used III making furni-
ture. The flowers and plants in the
window are sketched and described
down TO the most minute particulars.
Now we begin TO study book on
botany. Our seeds are beginning 30
terminate aud illustrate the first les
sons, and our leader taxes care that in
all our course our investigations shall
keep in advance of our boo; lesson, that
we may have the pleasure OF making
discoveries and finding them confirmed.
Each day we recite something previous
Iy learned; find plants to illustrate it.
and others to lead in the direction of
the next lesson. Then taking some
plant Gf possible complete one from
root to flower and seed), we examine,
sketch and describe it. Then turning
to the analytical tables. we trace the de-
scription ill we determine the species.
We commit to memory and recite some
of the Distinguishing characteristics of
the family. thus becoming SO familiar
with them that in future we need not
go through with the tabular analysis.
We press and preserve specimens of
all plants analyzed. As soon as posi-
bic we pursue our studies in the fields
and woods. In each of these excur-
sions we study one particular organ or
part of plant. Sometimes collecting
the greatest possible variety of leaves.
we sit down and compare the different
forms. Sometimes we do the same
with roots. Thus we learn a great deal
about plants which we cannot aualyze
because some part is lacking.
In studying botany in the ordinary
way very little enthusiasm is awak-
ened: but, studying it in the way de-
scribed. vastly more interest is excited,
and much more knowledge gained. 4
thousand beauties are discovered which
the books pass over unnoticed. ANY
young person who has stud ed botany
for u single season could conduct a
class on the plan have described.
1t is "A shame that country children
should be allowed TO grow up ignorant
OF natural objects around them. 1t is
time that educated people. school
boards. etc. should see that arithmetic
and geographg are not the only sciences
worth studying. Agricultural societies
would hell to educate the young people
if they would Offer premiums for proii
cheney in natural science as well as
manufactured articles. -EEehlnge.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16

How TO Learn Botany.

Botany is usually regarded as a very
dull and difficult study, even for adj
vaaced students, and of course quite
too dry and hard for young children.
This is all mistake. Botany is really
most fascinating study for children or
grown people. 1t is better adapted
than almost any other to cultivate the
very faculties which are not stimulated
BY other studies. The secret of sue
cess consists in making each student an
independent explorer and discoyerer.
Taught by an enthusiastic teacher, bot
any awakens and strengthens powers of
accurate observation, acute perception
and correct classification. such as are
needed to make life useful and happy.
The study of botany may be COM
menced al any time. The best time is
early spring. Suppose we start with a
family of young people from seven
yesrs old to twenty We meet every
day. For our first lesson we study any
plant, or part of a plant, that we have
at hand. Each makes sketch on pa
per, and writes a minute description of
IL. Then We put some seeds, or grains.
snch as beans, corn, oats. etc. in warm
wafer to soak TIL the next day. At the
second lesson we open some of these
softened seeds. and observe their in
terRal structure. The older and wiser
ones tell the younger ones what they
know aboui the seeds. Then we plant
the remainder. some in earth and some
between layers Of damp cotton floating
on tunhler OF water.
While waiting few DAYS for these TO
sprout, we bring up from the cellar
onions. potatoes. celery, cabbages, etc
Each object is examined externally and
internally, sketchei and described in
writing Some of them are planted in
earth and pat in warm places, that we
may study their growth.
Looking out nj the windows, We ex-'
anime each tree aud shrub in sight,
ske;chiny snsi describing twig, branch.
trunk and bark and swelling bud. We
en-; cross sections. and compare them
with cross sections of bamboo or palm
stems. a. seen in common fans. We
cut vertical sections, and compare them
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16
Irregular Teeth.

Occasionally in horses we meet with
an excessive length of the front teeth.
But in such cases the direction of the
teeth is such that the upper row over
laps the lower, and forms what is
termed parrot mouth. Besides being
unsightly. this condition inter eres
more or less with the ability of the
horse to bite off grass; but it does not
interfere materially with his picking up
the food from the manger, or the hay
from the rack, nor do such irreguiarity
interfere in any manner with the func-
ton of the grinders. The approximate
ing surface of the front teeth and those
of the grinders are always worn off at
the same ratio; hence such thing as
the grinders not being able to meet, on
account of the length of the front
teeth, is entirely out of the question,
and nothing whatever would be gained
by rasping the front teeth. That the
horse lets partly chewed food drop out
of the mouth, is one OF the symptoms
of the presence of diseased or de-
caving grinder, or the existence of
sharp or projecting points. or rather
Irregularities in the upper or lower row
of grinders. Such sharp or projecting
points are often the cause of consider
able injury to the inner surface of the
cheek or the tongue, and this. or the
presence OF decaying tooth, some-
times produces much Inconvenience or
pain, such as will cause the horse to
drop the partly chewed food. In
doubtedly careful examination of the
grinders will reveal one or two of these
conditions. which may be remedied by
the aid of a tooth-rasp used for such
purposes; and in the case of carious
tooth. it may be necessary to extract
the same and plug the cavity.-Rairie
Farmer.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16
Buttermilk.

Among the many evidences of ex-
travagance in wasting our food re-
sources there are few, says the frOciS-
ioaer. more striking than the waste of
milk Any one who has lived in Lam
cashire or travelled in Ireland or in
Scotland, and has noted the life and
characteristic food of the farmers, of
the peasantry, and of the working
classes. will know how pleasant and ac-
ceptable drink is buttermilk On the
the first day, thin and semi-acidulous
beverage, clean to the palate, refresh
ing and full of nourishment; on the sec
Ond day, thicker and richer, and more
nearly resembling the familiar curds
and whey which are among the luxu-
ries OF cockneys, but with the curd
broken into fine particles. and there
fore less GLOWING and more digestible.
The waste of buttermilk in this country
is humiliating and painful to think Of
Ii needs no scientific authority to say
how nourishing it is, how full of digest
ible albumeH and animalized salt. Half
pint OF buttermlk contains as much
nutriment. and is AS sus staining a bev-
erage, a. many gallons OF beer. No
doubt the taste Tor it is one that de-
ponds upon habit. To Meckienburg
palate. for example. the preferences tor
fresh milk over buttermik would often
be surprising; and ii is quite certain
that taste for buttermiIk would be
much more easily acquired, and is much
more natural, than the taste for claret
or bitter ale. IL is q mere matter OF
habit and Of prejudiee; and that being
so, it is not a little surprising to reflect
that hundreds.of thousands of gallons
of buttermilk are thrown to the pigs.
from the sheer prejudice thatit is not
tit for human food, and from the indo-
lence of those who. VIII not take the
trouble to acquire. the taste for it. A
few days since one gentleman offered to
supply a thousand gallons of buttermilk
u day for use in London. fresh daily, at
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16
One Of the Mysteries.

Said Brother Gardnerto the Limekiln
Club: 7-ra-N
when man axes me who Ibis mex
doah, | answer hun Brown, or Jones. or
White, or whatever de name NAV be;
but when he goes beyond dat, an axes
what salary de man Arms, how often his
wife changes bonnets an how dey
make seben dollars week 90 furder
dan | kin 70 teen. become a clam. |
has no business to know. an when do
know | won't tell. used to have some
curiosity in dis direcshun. but has got
ober il of late Vars. When know dat
sartin man, receivin' salary of
twelve dollars per week, kin give par
ties, hire carriages an dress his wife in
silks it makes me glum. Dat is. it used
to. | used to wonder WHY l couldn't
do de same thing on the same money,
but | nebber could. When de ole
woman used To tell me dat sartin wOm-
en- had new silks, new hats, new close
an new shoes once a month de var
roun', an we habin' to live clus on de
same money. it made me mad. Dat is,
it used to. When saw men who owed
for DER washin' struttin aroun' like
lords while had to work seben days
in week an pay my debts, felt like
smashin frew de sidewalk. But
has got ober all dis. When
meet a woman who kin dress like
a bankers wife on de ten dollars or
twelve dollars per week paid her hus-
band, doan' low myself to eben fink
abont it. When l see a man bu, in
twenty-cent cigars, spOrtin' cane and
takin' champagne. while his chillen at
home am bari tut, try to believe dat it
am all right. When a lady wild $500
Wort of close on axes me to do a job of
whitewashin' in a parlor whar' de bes'
pictur's come from tea store an de
bes' char am under chattel mortgage.
doan' stop to wonder who she thinks
she am foolin'. Naybnrs OBJ mine who
owe all de butchers widin circle of a
mile kin pay 10 dollahs cash fur lib
cry rig on Sunday. an | shan criticize.
Wives may 30 shoppin' ebery day in de
week an gin parties cherry night, an
nv ole woman will keep de cabin jist
de same. Since we quit wonderin an
specUlatin' ober desc iings we feel much
better. We know fur fact iist how
fur we kin make money 90. If odder
folks kin lib Ike lords on salary of
5000 a Y ar it's streak of good luck
an none of our bizness. My advice to
YOU am to let sich fings pass. Dey are
mysteries wild which we have no biz
ness. an de mo- you ponder ober dem
de less YOU will inioy what YOU have
honestly armed by had work an saved
by good economy. "-Detron Free Press.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16

a rate which would allow Of its being
sold at halfpenny the large tumbler,
and yield profit OF one hundred per
cent. to the retailer. 1t might be well
worth the trouble of some one who deals
with large numbers of men to endeavor
to cultivate the taste for buttermilk
among them, and to save these gallons
OF excellent food from being thrown to
the pigs. If any demand could be cul-
tivated for it. no doubt the managers
of coffee taverns and coffee palaces
would be glad to undertake the sale of
it. 1t would Weld them large profit.
aud might with some trouble be revived
as the National drink. Buttermilk need
not by any means be considered as es-
pecially drink for the poor; as nur-
serv substitute for the milk and water
with which children are LARGELY fed. it
would be more economical and infinite
ly more nourishing; nor can there BE
anv doubt, as indeed it is not matter
of theory to assert, that children of any
rank quickly learn TO like it better than
anything else that can be offered them.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16
THE FERRY OF THE DEAD.


in't. - hhci,ili le-Hn"1 ss
uls,ant lsihia Nhte hhl inir,
Acr"ss the stretch OF cape ana bay.
itseii pearl most me ana rare.
biu, SKY Move, Que SAY hciow,
eis iisnts on u. nm
beyond TIE shoals where hShers go
oi any voyage gay or grim
rot ever ~pen one secks. u mes,
,ecehing iaintly a. n star
." En.hn'I- ~ w -. 7,i i.. -
'""'"''' VA" '''' p'''i'' '-
Itu, -, a., ,.,,,,,. ,,,,5 ,l.-o a,.,au
i,,i ~ u 49,, 49,, 49,, ~ -, 4, -.,,
W.. ,,uh eli a-,,,, ,',,,,,. a. ~ s,,o-o
of land. In which ali care is DER.
Aud i'm f,e ,,:yht 10 them ,ha. wait
;rhe,c com.s a sound az burryino feet
Wah thr 1ncinp, footstcps soft and fleet:
And vet leaves fail when bre,.zcs meet.
A thousand shailops line the shore;
A Thousand men must enter them
Each with the ghosts who brush the hem
OF garment or impede tne oar.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16
Gardens for Children.

All children love flowers and take
delight in cultivating them If given the
opportunity. How infinitely more en-
tertainng such study as botany or
vegetable physiology might be made if
the dry teaching of the classroom and
lesson-book were illustrated BY the
plants that were be ng coaxed into bloom
in their own hower-beds. What a
pretty combination or outdoor and in
door employment, again. for child to
cultivate flowers, and then to draw
them in outline as they come into
bloom What could possibly be amOre
heal:hful and wholesome occupation for
an intelligent child than to collect the
prettiest of wild flowers from their ma
tive pastures and hedgerows. and culti-
vate them in the wild garden" a.
home? Ali sorts of knowledge might
be gathered up in such pursuit, in
volv NC as it would the necessity for OBJ
servations of the favori:e haunts of the
various flowers, the effects of different
soils, their mode of propagation. sea-
sons of bloom, etc, and the inquiry
might often be made to lead away into
collateral topics-the folklore asso.
ciated with them, fairy tales and poet
fancies and historical associations.
Then, again. how easy and appropriate
to make flowers the means of drawing
out sympathy with neighbors. or with
the. sick and suffering at distance.
And ega n. the cultivation of flowers
always exercises refining influence.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16

"A sentimental woman at Mayville,
Canada. has put a strong iron fence
around the tree whereon n sweetheart
of youthful days once carved her name.
Dodge City times. [volume] (Dodge City, Kan.) 1876-1892, 1881-06-16

"A Connecticut Yankee has labori-
ously constructed model of the home
of Washington. and rides in a wagon OF
unique style from town to town exhibit
ing Mount Vernon to school children at
five cents head. He says he is "see-
ing the country"