davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04

cending footsteps as he climbs upward, and anal'
ly into the huge glass lantern. 10 feet high and
is wide. in the midst OF which stands the lamp.
work OF polished brass and the quadruple wick
Of 400. candle power, whose intensely binding
rays, heightened by the large concave mirrors OF
white metal back Of them, and powerfully con.
centrsted by the prismatlc circles OF cut glass In
the sides OF the lantern, dart northeast and south
east over % miles Of sea.shore. BY means OF
these eoncentrc glass prisms In the sides OF the
lantern the light Is made to strike the sea at It's
greatest brllliancy, at n distance OF % miles,
where even the SUBMITS of the Navesink hills
have sunk below the waves. When the light
goes out, as it sometimes does on dark and
stormy nights, the keepers hold lamps OF ordn-
airy power in the centre Of the glass dome, and
these, by means Of the metal mirrors and pris-
matte glass, are made to give forth sufficient
glare, for the few minutes required to insert the
new brass. and wick which are kept ready
at hand for such emergencies In getting the
wick and apparatus into position, the equivalents
OF plumb, level and line have to be used In order
that it shall occupy with mathematical nicely
the exact position at which it's rays will most
powerfully anu thoroughly No'ci tuo S'0"s'''
distance. This is called adjusting the light to
its focal plane" and ia most delicate operation
especially when performed on q tempestuous
winters night, with scores Of storm tossed crews
outside, watching every diminutlon Of Its rays
with the utmost anxiety. The south light is OF
4nO.cande power and the north light OF 300,
which is exclusive Of the magnifyng effect Of
the mirrors and prisms. Both lights are OF
French make"
From the light house the broad waters OF the
Shrewsbury are seen to dance and sparkle in the
sunlight, amid fields, meadows and islands; and
away beyond the old Quaker settlement known
"a "Run some .neck," from the number OF pratt
ling rills of fresh water that run down TO the
Such are the glorious beauty and romance OF The
old jersey Highlands Of to day Bat there Is a
already begun that will soon
eclipse the wonders of Coney Island and other
famed places. The great capitalists have OBJ
tanned possession Of the advantageous places,
which they will improve, and when done the
"maddening crowds, " fleeing from the tortures OF
'brick piled cities" will swoop down upon these
heights to enjoy the view and sniff the breezcs
from the blue Atlantic. j. ID. H.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04

Many people iml to See the difference be
tween learning and education. Learning Is a
possession 1t Is the part Of an education that
we put on the outside Of us. Education is
the development of the faculties or germs Of
power in man, and the training of them into
harmonious action in obedience to the laws OF
reason and morality" or, as DR., Gregory de.
fines IT. cultured growth"
To illustrate this last definition, we may
compare the teacher and the pupil with the
gardener and the plant. The teacher like the
gardener, does the cultivating, and the mind,
like the plant, does the growing,
About all the teacher can do is to provide
the minds of the pupils with the proper kind
and amount of food. Many people think that
the teacher can shape the minds of the pupils
as the sculptor shapes the block of marble.
This IS not so, as the minds of the pupils hear
no resemblance to q block Of marble; the for
mer are immatcrial things which are very &C.
tive the latter is material thing which is
inactive The block of marble is shaped by
the sculptor, but the minds of the pupils are
not chiseed out; they grow IN the same man
ner as does plant. The teacher cannot build
up the minds of his pupils any more than the
gardener can build plant or tree. The pow
ers of the mind can be made to grow only by
the mise use Of them. The teacher can do
three things to make the minds Of his pupils
grow: CD arouse the minds OF the pupils; (2)
give them the proper kind and amount Of
work to do; (3) help them to do this work in
the right way, and to avoid the wrong way.
The wise teacher should think OF two ends
to be gained in teaching: ~ the result; (2)
the power to acquire more; or ne should pre-
sent the knowledge TO his pupils and see that
it is understood, for the immediate result, the
acquisition to the pupil, and also SO as to
enable the pupils to do more difficult work
and greater amount Of 1t in future life.
The second of those ends is the more i'm.
portant, and is almost entirely neglected IN
our district schools
1t seems as though the present state OF the
pupil is all that Is thought of. Things are
given to him as facts without any reasoning,
when he should bc taught how to reason small
matters out, and thus cultivate his reasoning
power so rs to enable him TO reason out great
or causes ANONYMOUS.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04

reduction in rates, the earnings from freights
Increased only about 20 per cent.
| The western farmers, therefore, gained many
times more than the railroads by the smaller
rates for freight on these lines. And an cquiva-
lent reduction was made on all the lines from
Chicago eastward, and on all those which en-
ter Chicago from the west But for 1t, the
splendid crops we have had during the last
ten years, and especially from 1875 to 1880
would not have been possible. They could
not have been moved and they could not have
been placed on the seaboard at prices which
would have permitted their expectation.
! The decrease in the rates fo- freight, more
over, has been brought about by the operation
OF the natural laws Of trade. 1t has not been
effected by legislation, nor has It been the re-
suit of the threats Of Changers In the first
place the substitution Of steel rails for iron
rails, has made vastly greater business pos
siblc and il can be done at u much smaller
cost proportionately. More freight can be
carried with much less damage to the road
Next, the consolidation of lines which has
been gong on during the period Of the reduc-
duCtlon has lowered the cost of running the
roads Competition between rival lines has
also contributed its part, and competition with
the waterways of the country, working con-
stanty, and each year more effectively, has
helped likewise.
The proposition with which Mr. Atkinson
starts out-that, instead Of being their enc
mics, the railroads are the greatest and most
helpfal friends the farmers have-scems, there.
fore, to be well established.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04
The Farmers and the Railroads.

The New York Sun thus mildly presents
the case Of the railroads IN opposition to what
it calls the extreme views OF the antimonopo.
lists:
In 1865 there were $4,000 miles of railway
in the United States In 1881 there are 81 600
miles In 1866 we produced of corn, wheat.
rye, oats barley, and 6uckwheat 1927 400 1877
bushels. In 1890 the crop was 2i4S, 019lSl
bushels, an increase of l,32O,579 1914 bushels
These figures are presented by Mr.. Edward
Atkinson in paper contributed to the Jour
nal OF the American Agricultural Association
HIS object IL TO show that while all producers
have profi;ed enormously by the extension OF
our railroads, the farmers, and especially the
western farmers, have reaped the greatest
benefit They would be helpless without
them, for they are at a vast distance from mar
kets, and except tor the new railroads, which
have been chiefly built at the west, wide areas
OF the fertile lands now under cultivation he
yond the Mississippi would never have been
turned by the pillow
But while the western farmers have gained
SO much by the increase Of railroads, they
have simultaneously protited by u steady de
cline IN the rates charged for treights. This
reduction has been considerable in the case o
our railroads generally during the last zen
years, but nowhere has it been So large rs on
the great lines which run between the wcs
and the east
| Take, for instance, the line which does the
most business, and the one whose traffic con
s!sts mainly of products of agriculture and
general merchandise, and very little of coal
the Lake Shore and New York Central and
| Hudson River in 1870 the charge per ton
per mile on the Lake Shore was $3.50 and or
the Central 1t was S1SS. In 1879 it had been
reduced TO 81 cents and 70 cents ton, respect
lively. Meantime the numb of tons carried
by the Lake Shore had increased from 2,97S,
725 in 1870 to 7,54l 29i in 1879, and on the
Central from 4.122 900 tons in 1870 to 9,441
2l3 IN 1879. That is, on the average of thess
two roads the tons moved increased It's pei
lcent. during the ten years; but. owing 10 the
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04

600 ora. are from California, $4,000 qrs. from
Australia and New Zealand, $4,000 from
Chilli, 79,50O from Russia, G2,0OO from the At
antie ports of the United States, $1,000 from
India and Egypt and $4,000 from the Danubi'
an provinces. These figures from week to
week, continue to show that the eggs arc not
all in one basket The Atlantic ports OF the
United States have increased their shipments
Europe on the week. Foreign -four in large
supply is continually in buyers favor.
Postal advices from New Iceland report the
wheat crop, now on passage and for shipment,
is being in excellent condition; the bulk, how.
ever is said to be smaller than that of last year
The harvest being earlier than WAS an,icipat.
ed, exporters were March 4th-greaty lack
ing available tonnage.
In Roumania there has been welcome rain
fall and crop prospects have improved. Wheat
markets have advanced, and although maize
has been in good supply the demand has been
such as to keep values from declining.
In Hungary the autumn sown wheats are re-
ported very favorable.
In Austria the wheat crop is said to be in q
satisfactory condition.
In Germany there has been lower temper.
sture, and a consequent check to vegetation
the wheats, nevertheless, are said to be healthy
although back ward.
In France there have been rains, but the
has not been, on the whole, gen.
ial. Wheat is coming into ear in the southern
departments.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04

HIS GREAT FAILING-No doubt should the
matter ever be sif,ed to the bottom and the
whole trHth become known, the trouble be.
tween Conkling and Garfield will be found to
have been the necessary and unavoidable out
growth of Garfield's one conspicuous and be.
Greeley would say, "perspicuous and
lime liar" The correspondent of a New York
journa! puts it mildly in this way:
No one subject is so much talked about as
Garileld's want of iaith-his habltual deceit,
his chrome habit of telling falsehoods. Near.
ly every day furnishes new proofs. The re-
turns, so to say, are from all quarters, embrac-
ing variety of things, all proving that 1t Is
apparently impossible for Garfield to keep his
word like a man of honor. Sherman, though
now Garfield's champion in the senate has
known ever since the Chicago Convention
how much longer he does not speciiy-that
Garfield was wholly Enthusiastically, could not
be depended on to keep his promise, would
belray hls best friend in fact, was naturally
disposed even without excuse, To BE- false ana
trcachcrOus.
Passing over his trcachery to Sherman at
Chicago, his multtudnous deceits while in
congress, and his lies to Conkling, the cores
pondent proceeds to give IN detail dozens Of
cases, as specimens of hundreds he says he
could mention, of unhappy men who have
been lured to Washington by promises OF of
flee for political services TO Garfield, but
whom he lies to day after day and finally com
pes to go away empty The cases are like
this:
met republican worker from another
state, waiting IN much the same way. II vent
10 see Garfield when | first came" said he,
land he was right down sorry the thing want
ed was promised wished he had known |
wanted It, but he told me to select something
else | would like and let him know. | did
this, but was day too late, unfortunately; for
Garfield said he had only the day before prom
ised that very office, and know he had, for an
Ohio man has got it since. But I'm all right,
though, for Garfield took me aside and Just
told me he meant to do something handsome
for me-" And the slmple-minded man showed
IN his face how really he believed he was 60
ing to have something nice. "Do you think
he Will ?" asked "Oh, yes but l wish he
would hurry up for it is contoundedly expen.
sive living here so long"
But the poor man finally, like hundreds of
others equally deceived went away empty.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04
WnshtngtOn Letter

The Comm,sstoner IF Agriculture Defines his
Position. Tie "Con,e Industry" 4 BIZ
reau Of DOgs and Cats
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04
CFrom Our Regular Correspondent
WASHINGTON, -. c., May %, IS


WASHINGTON D. c., May 90 1881.
An announcement last evening that Secre
taries Blame, Window, Mr.. Bcrgh and Other
distinguished gentlemen would address meet
ing for the prevention of cruelty to animals
failed to bring together very large audience,
and the distinguished speakers failed to come
The newly appointed Commissioner Of agri.
culture DR.. LOrlng was on hand, and, as
everybody knows, he can make speech with
out moments warning, and wax sublime,
and even romantic, over pumpkins and
squashes, butter and pigs at country fair.
venture to refer to his speech us matter OF
general interest, because he seemed to make
it an OCCASION to outline his policy on what
he called the Cattle Industry" of the country.
The lie Due dynasty will be memorable as
the golden age OF American tea; and the ms
torian Will record that during the time he
steered the ship OF Agriculture, this solacc OF
old women reached a degree Of cultivation
that it had never obtained before, on u halt
acre of land in Georgia.
Commissioner LorRg's administration
promises to be remarkable for the progress of
the cattle industry" including dogs and
cats. He SAID that he had just had CONVEX.
sation with the Chief of the Census Depart
ment, General Waker-whom he euogized
as the greatest statistician of all the ages-and
that General Walker had told hlm that the
live stock industry" surpassed all others in
the United States. That great as were our ce,
real, cotton, sugar, root and tobacco crops,
they were not to be compared with the aggre.
gate wealth represented in horses, cows sheep,
pigs, dogs and cats. Dr. Loring actually men.
toned the dogs and cats in all seriousness,
and did not seem to be aware that these small
deer" bear little other than a practical relation
to the human and animal economy He SAID
that he proposed TO have a Bureau of Live
Stock added to the Department of Agriculture,
and from the cheerful and enthusiastic way in
which he spun words on the subject, I do
not think that it is UtCpian to expect that, IN
this rapidly progressive age, we may soon
have, in the Department of Agriculture, q
Commissioner of dogs and cats. Let us pray
that his duties may relate to their extinction.
The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals has among its active members the
wives of Cabinet ministers, and other ladies'
distinguished by their social and official rela,
tons. 1t has already done much good in
aleviating the suffering and hardships of Il
large, patient, voiceless community. There
is still much to be DONE and the work will
not be complete until there is an organization
in every village and township, which shall
have as its object to see that horses cows and
other animals shall not be cruelty beaten,
driven, starved or otherwise mal-trealed.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04
How TO Get Rich,

The great secret of obtaining riches Is, first to
practice economy, and as good old Deacon Sny-
derm saws, at used TO worry the life oIs CT me TO
nav enormous doctors bill, but now have
struck IL rich Health and happiness reign SUI
nreme in our little household, and all simply be-
cause we use no other medicine but Electric
Bltters, and only costs fifty cents bottle" Sold
by T., Y. Griggs. ~
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04

The Boston and Providence Commanderie.
of knights Templar recently paid visit to
the knights T, in Richmond, Va, While there,
May 90, the day for the decoration Of the graves
of the dead confederate" soldiers of the rebel
lion, occurred, and won't it make the bue-bel.
lied, hatchetfaced loya!ists of New England
groan to read, in Richmond dispatch, what
these recreant Knights from the old Bay State
did on that day. The dispatch says:
RICHMOND Nav 26-Boston and Provi.
dence Communicates, escorted by the Rich
mond Knights, paraued this afternoon through
the principal streets of the eastern part of the
city, One of the most beautiful and touching
incidents connected with the present pilgrim.
age, and which had been kept secret by those
participating in it. occurred before the parade.
Boston Commandery at an early hour marched
from their quarters to Capitol Square, and form
ing around the statue of Stonewall jackson
stood with their heads uncovered and swords
ut a present" and while their band played a
beautiful Memorial Overture tho Knights
IN command placed ut the base of the monu-
ment n beautiful wreath of evergreens and
rare flowers This tribute from brave New
Englanders to the great Confederate General,
occurring rs 1t did on Memorial day was deep
" affecting and moved some spectators to
tears. A leading Nirginian present remarked
This will do more to restore complete frater-
nifty among the people of the North and
South than ali the platforms politicians can
frame during the present year" The Com
mandery then marched to Washington monu.
ment, within the same grounds and decorated
It also with flowers. The music here, while
equally appropriate was not so solemn as at
.1ackson's statue.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1881-06-04

Madam Democrats patterns, for spring and
summer, hayc isst been received at osman &
Hapeman's Catalogues may be had on appli-
cation.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1881-09-17
Get your Sewing Machines Pec< s WHs ali 5 @
THE PRESIDENT WORSE.

Latest advices from Long Branch are
lof All unfayorab|e character. The Presi-
dent is threatened with another relapse,
and in his state of extreme weakness it
lis doubtful if his system retains sufficient
vitality to enable him to weather the
ordeal and recuperate as he has done on
}seyerai occasions heretofore. 1t is ac-
|knowledged now that he is afflicted with
1py;emia, or poisoning of the blood.
while the bulletins issued by the attend
ling physicians still maintain a hopeful
ltone. it is not denied that the situation
lis again critical, and private advices
from sources considered reliable assert
THAT the condition Of the patient is much
worse than the people have amy idea OF
land that death must bring an end TO his
Isufferings very shortly. The fluctuations
Iof this remarkable case have kept the
patriotic people Of the country alterHa-
! ting between hope and despair for many
weeks. While life remains in the form
lof their beloved President, they will con.
= Time to hope, but the sands Of that
precious life lave nearly run out and il
lsecms as if the dreaded elimination is
near 1T hand.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1881-09-17
d Tie President:
He Expires at Long Branch
Monday Night, September
10. at 1895 o'clock.

Yhe unavoidable delay in the publlca-
|tion of this number of the CHIEF until
Tuesday, the Goth inst, enables US to lay
before our readers the mourntul anu
dreaded intelligence of the death OF
James A. Garfield, President of the Uni
TIED States, who breathel his last al
Francklyn cottage, Long Branch, New
Jersey, Monday night, the 10Th inst, al
35 minutes past 10 o'clock.
The bullet of the infamous ASSASSIN
has done its work and the people OF this
great Nation, from Maine to California
= from Alaska to Florida, are thrown into
I the deepest mourning by the act OF q
creature in human shape who must
either be afflicted with phenomena
: fanaticism or Z, nina from which til,
instincts Of reason have been swept b,
= the supreme power which controls al
mortal agencies.
i Vice President Arthur took the oath o
office in New York last night and is nov
President Of the United States.
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1881-09-17
Onini0nS nt.the Press.

III our present enlightened and ntelll-
gent age, (thanks to our heavcn-born
free school system), when everybody can
and does read those great monitors OF
onr land, the daily press, the people
are able 20 study the news, and separate
the chaff from the solid wheat and,
especially in this amusement day of our
age, they are not only able to read and
Judge Of the merits or dement's OF aspi-
rants for public favors, but they can dis
sect as cleyerly rs amy son of EsculapiuS,
the long winded, paid for-twenty five
cents line-puff, from that Of the short,
sharp, spicy, special three or five line
paragraph given, gratuitously, after the
show has departed. So far as the man
agement of the Shelby, Pullman and
Hamilton Show is concerned, they feel
deeply grateful to that mighty lever
| that directs the public mind, for the
impartial, unprecedented, unsought for,
yet honest, manly and hatteriuy notices
so lavishly bestowed upon their efforts
| to cater healthy, unimpeachable amuse-
ment, for the masses. They have pleas
ure in submitting the following extracts
from the leading papers of America:
No such satisfactory performance has
been given in our city this season, al
though Rarnum, Coup and others have
recently exhibited here. The beautiful
trick pony and the splendidly trained
BroncLo horses attracted particular at
tention. The thrilling performance OF
| Zazel, who dives from the extreme top
of the tent to the netting near the
ground, and is then fired from cannon
some thirty feet into the air, falling into
the net was given precisely as represen
ted.-Scraaton (Pa.J Republican,.
1t is 10 exaggeratIou to say that Shell
by Pullman g. Hamilton's United Masto
don Show, which exhibited in Scranton
yesterday, was decidedly the best circus
performance given here for many years
without any exception. The performance
was fully up to what they had promised
and gave universal isfactiol.-Serda
tan Pa. Eag'r
The Donaldsonville chief. [volume] (Donaldsonville, La.) 1871-current, 1881-09-17
THE COTTON STRIKE.

The strike of the New Orleans cotton
laborers assumed a very serious aspect
on Saturday and Monday last. Strikers
|congregated on the streets i'll crowds
land assaulted the drivers Of cotton floats
with stones and clubs, and several seri-
ious ARRAYS grew out Of the attempts Of
1.-The police to quell these disturbances.
Fortunately only one life was sacrificed
that Of Il colorcd man named james
Hawkins, who was shot and instantly
) Killed by Sergeant Reynolds Of the
, police willie resisting arrest. Finding
/ his means for preserving the peace and
protecting the commerce Of the city in
adequate, Mayor Shak espeare called
upon Acting Governor McEnery for aid
sand the militia was ordered to assemble.
Although the occasion seemed to justify
sthe active employment Of the State
stroops to maintain the supremacy OF law
! land order, they were kept coopel up in
their armorics and rendered 10 service
whatever. Mayor Shakespeare has
| sharply criticised the .inaction Of Gen.
Behan in the premises and we are in
Rclined to regard his structures pertinent
and deserved Tuesday night after a
along conference Of committees represent
ding the Employers Association and the
81 s,j
compromise was agreed upon which
brought the strike to an end. Some
s!modfcations III the tariff Of charges fol-
s,handling cotton were made, and thu
gcnpioycrs carried the point for whicl
they have 50 strenuously contendet
from the first, viz: the right to emplo.
and discharge hands free from the inter
Florence or dictation Of labor unions.