Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1881-03-16


lieved herdsgrass better feed than clover. Mr.
Newton had found It better to get out manure in
the winter. The secretary said this is the true
method, as the soil would absorb II and not run
off, except perhaps In rare cases on side hill
DIR. Cutting said 1t was a mistake to suppose that
the various elements Of plant food were likely to
evaporate into the atmosphere, and the only ques-
ton OF loss was from washing. Mr.. Goodwin
would manure for corn crop In fall or winter
putting 1t on broadcast and narrowing, but not
blowing under. MIR. Lane believed that super
phosphates, stockbridge manures ETC., seldom
paid their cost
DIR. Cutting, in the evening, gave an address
upon How plants grow and how they feed" He
illustrated the life principle in seeds, showing
how soon II departed from some and how long II
was retained by others. He illustrated their
growth and their peculiarites their manner Of
taking food both from the atmosphere and soil,
and how they could be fed. lie was questioned
closely after the lecture, and among the facts
ELECTED was that maple trees should be tapped
near the ground to get the most sugar; that all
fertilizers should be sown broadcast; that II was
desirable to spread manure when the snow was
on the ground, as the rains In spring dissolved
and rendered available the plant food which was
retained by the soil instead Of being evaporated
or washed off, as many supposed that diseased
trees, especially the plum trees, produced the
most fruit, but would often die after a very album
dant crop, not from overbearing, as the question
indicated, but from a disease which forced the
tree in bearing and also took its life
Tho second days meeting was opened by Mr..
Davis paper upon 1.-THE Cow and Her Feed"
The two leading agricultural interests OF Vermont
| are now and for the present will be the COW and
the sheep. The COW is machine and noble
| one, and she must be cared for and treated ac-
| cordingly. 1would select COW in weight about
| one thousand pounds, and best suited for milk,
| cheese or butter, as the use should determine;
but In general would select COW Of fine, thin
skin, small neck and horns, good digestive or
gans, large milk veins, fall large, broad udder
and yellow skin; II for butter, the Jersey, as a
rule; II for cheese, Hostein or Ayrshire, though
there are good, yea, extra natives, which would
not discard; the kind Of food is OF much mpor-
tance grain and soil in summer for the production
OF milk in quantity and quality; rye, clover and
corn. Hungarian, oats, ETC.; cleanliness in milk
ing; purity Of locality In setting milk; churning
before milk coagulates; washing butter In brine
water; working as lightly as possible, so as not to
break the grain of the butter; salt to taste; work
but once; pack to suit customers The average
number of pounds Of butter to the cow in Vermont
is some one hundred and forty pounds, which
does not leave profit; should be three hundred
pounds and then will pay; and expect you to
struggle for this standard or even better and this
industry will pay and seem parallel to the sheep
industry, somewhat
At the meeting in the afternoon Prof Sabin gave
add pra, ~
tific Facts" He said that the scientific fact that
glucose or grape sugar could be manufactured
from starch had caused great industry to spring
up from it that in reality produced one-th Of the
sugar used; and yet it was fraud upon the con-
sumner, as glucose possessed little sweetening
power, and yet was used to adulterate sugar, or
to sell in place Of it to confectoners and others
but as 1t was not less healthfu than cane or maple
sugar, it did not become as criminal as aduterat-
ing with poisonous substances. In the application
OF science to agriculture there were some difficult
ties in the way yet the first agricultural chemist,
Liebig, advised the using Of guano as fertilizer,
and the getting OF 1t had now become one OF the
great industries of the country, showing in its
great sale something OF the benefits derived from
it; that it was thus by the application Of scientific
facts thus promulgated that our advances had
many times been made, and he urged the farmers
to make use Of thought, and as far as possible use
brain work with their labor, as that was the way
to succeed. He gave also the analysis and worth.
Of yard manure as compared to fertilizers, show
ing the worth Of ashes compared with potash to
be from twenty to twenty-five cents and yard
manure about one dollar load. He urged the
farmers to prepare their own phosphates, as well
as most Of their fertilizers The secretary in re-
ply to question as to the probable effect of oeo-
margarine upon our dairy product, described the
process Of manufacture and the neatness Of the
factory and its employees and thus illustrated how
1t became serious competition that farmers
should wake up to, and would have to make
more perfect dairy butter or this industry would
dAcroasA the r-isss obtained. Yesthis P-odassie.
has limit, as the leaf Of tallow could not be OBJ
tanned without the death Of the animal.
At the evening session. after paper by Mr..
noughton OF rownshend upon 1.-THE Farmers
Education" and an excellent address by Governor
Farnham, the meeting adjourned.
AT LUDLOW.
At this meeting Mr.. Silss johnson presided
The question OF superphosphates being taken up,
Mr.. Pollard had derived a profit OF thirty dollars
from one barrel applied to potatoes Mr. johnson
had used leaves in his potato hills with marked
advantage, the potatoes being smooth and free
from rust while bis nei,bbors. vere rrs,v NJ
SAWYER believed sunernhosnhates IN he or,v
stimulant and left the land noorer. had sear GOOD
crops Of corn from its nae bpt the ,ouow;na o,or
of grass was moor. nreferred ,eaves and ,,roL.
gravel or sand ia GOOD for tho grass c,o, u,han
apnlied N low lands NJ, Davis ,bon odd,os.od
the meetino mon ,ar,i,fvo,ior uo s,o,od ,,.,
yermont threw awav mpcb ponev tor uor,hra.s
fert;lizers all a, ,vh,ch mich, h. ;,a,o,oua,r
exrandad a, wa &C., ..oa.,.t.oa H. a-,.
what wo raodad and ,han ,,,,-oh...s H.. -.
we wantsd and nothing eIsa I, ,ro. ,,,oaa ,ho,
CREAM marurino with o,ova. r.. ,'-oo,,sss .ns
nlos,or rsad 70 ..ad n. 30 IT., a., 49,, -
cron Or 20 No, :. .hos ~ ,,,,o RI 20 80.
~, -. 49,, - g. $50"
nm 10 ,ho ha,, oona;,;or -. re h.,
I, ,hsro ue .o,rs o,a.,or ,.,,, adh,na - p
On ,,rr,,,sa oad o. H., =. , " H, .'a
ciaIlv on clover. sows ,s,oa onoo a, snr,na "a
go .,,.. -. a s 800 ~ :" 'plAe "A1
corn ,v,,h oroa, ,,anoe, 49, h.,,as 49,. =, 49,
ha,n. ,ho p. ..,.~ -. ,s., -, ,"m use"
tar uo ha,,ouos M, .ha $50 - 49,. ~
svs,ou, =, .rr,aoa ,,.n,.,I '' WY
A, Tho .t,o,no,,, -, n. c....,,
w.