Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-12-20
AnaIysis OF Cows Milk.

During the winter quarter OF 1851,
analyses were made Of the milk OF forty
two COWS kept at the Government Agr1-
cultural Institution. Glasnevin, County
Dublin, by Charles A. Cameron, NJ. D.,
Professor of Chemistry.
The mornings milk and the evenings
milk of each COW were analyzed once,
and an examination of the mixed milk of
the forty-two COWS was also made.
The cows, it may be mentioned, were
good animals; they had from one to
three crosses of the shorthorn breed.
They were in the house during the
period of the experiments. Their food
consisted of daily allowance of from
eight to ten stones Of pulped mangels
and turnips, and exhausted grain from
the brewery, together with from one
half TO stones of hay. They were,
therefore, literally fed.
In every instance the quantity OF milk
yielded in the morning exceeded the
props bion furnished in the evening. In
two instances the mornings supply was
three times more abundant, and i'll very
many cases twice as plentiful. About
eight hours intervcned between the two
milkings.
Thirty out of the forty-two cows gave
richer milk in the evening than in the
morning, and eleven COWS gave richer
milk in the morning than in the even
ing, while the remaining cows milk was
equally good at both milkings. The
average amount of solids IN the morn
ing's milk was 1920 and the evenings
milk 13. ia difference Of O.54 per cent.
The increase i'll the amount of solid mat
| ters in the evening milk was due chiefly
to the larger amount Of fats contained
in the latter. The amount was 4.22 or
0.4 per cent over the proportion (3.S2
per cent found in the mornings milk.
In the case of the mixed milk of the
forty-two cows, that yielded in the even-
ing was richer by 0.56 per cent. of solid
matter, including 0. Il per cent of fats.
The results Of the analyses of the milk
OF these forty-two COWS show that the
mixed milk of well-fed cows in houses,
in the last quarter Of the year, contains,
| when poorest. e., III the morning
Is. 90 per cent. Of solid matter, includ-
ing 800 per cent of fats. On the I'd Of
November the mixed milk Of eight COWS,
which happened to be In the same house,
was analyzed. One hundred parts con-
tanned Total solid matters, 1890 per
cent; solids, minus fats, 9.75 fats,
4. 15 ash, 0.72.
The Society OF Public Analysts of
Great Britain and Ireland have adopted,
as standard for the poorest pure milk,
9per cent. of solids minus fats, and 2.5
per cent. of fats-a total OF lis per
cent. of solids. There is little doubt
&l,o& l. <
! cent. of solids is watered or SKINNED.
The mixed milk of 100 cows kept on
the dairy farm of Mr.. T.. NJ. RUSSELL
| Perry Square, was found to contain at
| the evenings milking 13. IS per cent. of
solids. including 4.G0 per cent, of fats
| and 0.72 per cent. OF ash. The solids,
minus fats, were 9.25 per cent. The
analysis was made III March, 1881.
| l think there is the strongest proof
| that milk on the average contains more
than 13 per cent. of solid matters. Dur
ing the last sixteen years ! have exam
ined an immense number of specimens
| of this liquid, and whenever | WAS GER
tain that it was pure, | invariably found
! it to contain move Than II per cent. oi
solids. 1 am quite satisfied that the
milk of Dublin dairy herds contains
from 13 to ID per cent. of solids.
AS to the method of analysis. ten
| grammes of milk were kept i'll shallow
capsule i'll the water bath at 2l2' F.
until thoroughly desiccated the residue
showed the amount of total solid mat
ters. The ten grammes dried and pull
verized, were boiled in about eighty
cubic centimeters of ether for severa
hours, an upright condenser being placed
over the flask containing the ether tt
prevent waste of the latter The ethel
containing the milk fats in solution wa:
filtered "a very small piece of filterine
paper being used into a light tarree
flask. The ether was distilled of, ant
the last traces got rid Of by passing
current of hot dry air through the flask
and condenser. The flask and its fatty
contents were then weighed. The amoun
of the ash was determined by igniting a
low temperature IN II platinum dish th'
residue obtained by evaporating te,
grammes of the milk to dryness.
1t is perhaps, i'll part, owing to th'
great care taken TO extract every particl,
of the fat that such high percentages 0
that ingredient were obtained.
In every instance the amount of solid
was determined by two independent ex
periments. Many of the weighings O
the fats and ash were repeated -Th
1nalysf.