davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
LADIES' DRESS GOODS

IS complete IN AT ITS details andWeII worII
an examination by any lady who
reeds anything in this line.
Dealing only in reliable Goods, he does
not think it necessary to quote prices Of a
few "cheap John" articles in order to induce
customers to come TO his store, nor does he
profess to sell his goods cheaper than any
body else, but he does make this declara.
ton that no one shall sell any article he
keeps in stock at lower price than himself
if he knows it.
All he asks is personal examination o.
his stock and prices, feeling assured than nc
more valuable stock and no lower prices NJ
be found any where in town.
CY-Call and see for yourselves.
MAY III Sit.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

The place TO buy bargains for the cash
Is at Martins.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
CatarTia.

Clear head and voice, easy breathing
sweet breath, perfect smell, taste nd hear
ing. no cough, no distress. These are ccn-
ditions brought about in Catarrh by the use
of Sanford's Radical Cure. One bottle
Rhdical Cure. one box Catarrhal Solvent and
one Improved Inhaler in one package for 81
Death to rats aad vermin. Parsons EX-
termiuator.
Mra. hushe- would inform the ladies
ths, she is selling OIL at 3 great reduc-
ton. a full liue Of trimmed aud rn-
trimmed hat, aud 5oancis, which we're
nurc',ns, d in Baltimore late III tae sea-
son. LADIES from The country will lind
an assortment of nice goods ready,
which Will be sold cheap. Remodellng
II late styles. All work guaranteed.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
TERMS
sYOUNG PEO-
PIE Per Year, Postage
Dpenaid al 30.
TERMS
linole Numbers four Cents each

single Numbers four Gents each.
The Brund Volume for 1881 will be ready early
in November. Price s. 90; postage prepaid. Cover
for Young People for 1881, 80 cents; postage, IL
cents additional.
Remitssnces should be made by PostOnce
Nonev order or Draft, to avoid chance OF loss.
Newspapers are not 10 copy this advertisement
without the express order Of Harper Brothers.
kadress HARPER h BROTHERS..
New YORK.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
DIED.

rr Ts,ac KILLER died near Edinburg, Va. Dec
sth Issl. aged 50 years, months aud rs days. he
was member Of the United Breth en- Church and
died in hope OF better life. He leaves a wife ana
4 children TO mourn their loss. May God comfort
the bereaved family.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

He-No Tea makes lovely draught
at Rlchey's,
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
CATARRH.
|SaNFORD'S RADICAL CURE.
Complete Treatment.
For SI,OO,

sanford,s Radical Cure, Catarrhal Solvent and
Ii mproved Haler, with specific directions, may
Inow Re had Of ,l druggists. neatly wrapped IN
lone package for one dollar. Ask for Sanford =
IRadical Cure.
] This economical and never falling treatment
INSTANTLY clesnses the nasal passages of putrid
Imucons. subdues infamm alton when extending
Ito the eve. ear and throat, restores the senses o
Ismell. taste and hearing when effected, leaves
the head dsoderized, clear and open, the breath
sweet, the breathing easy, and every sense IN .
grateful and sOothed condition. internally sa1
Iministered il clesnses the entire mucous system
Ithrougb the blood, which it purihes Of the acid
poison ALWAYS present in ostarrh. Recommend
I'D By all druggists.
1 General AGENTS. WEEKS h POTTER, Boston.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

I, SMALL POx,-The reports irem
Winchester as to small pox were great
r. exaggerated. The few cases in the
town have been so isolated that there
IS now no fuffsif1sscesr danger apprehended.
1t is however very iikgortant that vac
cinsion should be general ~
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

Take "BLAcK-DRAueAT" and you
will never be bilious.
by B. SCHMITT.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
salt Rheunl.

Those who have experienced tho torIneuts o
Sail Rheum can appreciate the agony endured
for years, until cured by the Cuticura Resolven
internally and Cutcurs aud Cuticura Soap ex
ternaly. -o.,o>- ,,. w..
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
Masonic Notice,

Cassia Lodge, No. 49, F. ~ NJ
meets il Masonic uall' W oous'TcN'
The last Monday night Of each month";
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

Gents, Ladies, Misses aud chllJrepsA
gum snUUs psahau,s
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

woop WANTED at the HERALD
Oece Please bring il in at once.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
"sLACx-pRAUGRT" makes chills

and lever impossible.
by B. SCHMIIT.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

Cxar scraps smoking lob 4 q
lstens TO-. pspsr Best 2 ct'
cigar in town at kichey's.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14
Barley & Hassons enterprise coffee
l8c. per 10. at Rlchey's.
For the Shenandoah HERALD.

Mt. CLIFTON, VA. Dec. 8, Isl.
Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1881-12-14

nal
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
SHOOTING wulLgs.

The "modern Improvements" b., tie
whale fishery are az iemai kHiir hs in
other industries, though Tot 81 generally
known. Oar Of the mpst nutr = vrthy
of thee is the javciinLUmh, AZ account
Of ~hich Sir. Voy of San Franoisco
has lately seat TO La Mature. IL con
sists Of metallic cylinder terminated
10y cylindrical bomb, at The end Of
which is rod viih very SHARP, bnrbed
point. This projecliie Is sent or ky a
kind VI arquebus rested on THU vey.
tical support, aud on the shoulder of
the nah who fires. At the moment OF
firing, small screen rises automatically
to protect The pcrsen of the man who
iires), and the projsctile goes Off The
latter il attached behind to cord
which il draws out with il. If the
shot be good one the proj-c.ile enters
tie body Of the whale, nnd the shell
then explodes, causing piece of iron
10 open out. 80 as to fern kind OF
double hook, by which the whale i.
held. Tho prejectile is generally fired
from a rowing boat. Tho instrument
is powerful one. Ia some instances
the prolecti'e could go diivoa eighty
metres in which case it and the cord
drawn out would weigh not less than
100 Kilograms. Mr. Voy describes q
striking incident in which large, vel
low-bellicd whale, a kind very rarely
attacked on account Of It's tremendous
vigor), was shot at from a small fve-tor
steamer when quite near. The project
lie went righ. through the body ans
exploded beyond. The whale was Mt
tachcd, however, by tho cord, and i
dragged tho steamer four consecutiv,
honrs, at a speed sometimes of sixteer
kilometers an hour, though the engine
wero reversed. Sunset came, and tn
whale being still lively, the cord wa
cut.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08


Ilumor is wit and love combined.
Malice drinks half it's own poison.
Truth may be outraged by silence.
Spoken words can never he recalled
Do not mistake a tendency for tai.
ent.
The night shows stars and women in
better light.
E Wo are all slaves ~ the Inv, to live
,seo of power IT lih'
To give pain IL tho tyranny, 10 make
happy the truo empire Of beauty.
A slave has but one master The am.
bilious man has as many masters ~
there are persons whose mid may con.
trlbuto TO the advancement of his fsr,
tune.
When book iaises your pT,irit itnd
inspires you with nol,lG aud courageous
feelings, seek for no other rule 10 Judge
tho work by; IL IL good, and made by
good workman La Byuyere.
As for being mi,eh known hy sight.
and pointed out. cannot comprehend
the honor that lies withal whatsnever
it be, every meuntehank hes il more
than tho beat doctor Co,olcy.
Angry and choleric men arc ns an.
grateful and unsociable as thunder aud
lightning. being in ihemselvcs all
storm aud tempest bar quiet and easy
natures are like fair weather, welcome
70 all.--CLSrendoa
Satire II aort of glass, wherain be-
holders generally discover ever, body +
face bat their own-which il the chief
reason FOR that kind If reception il
meets with in tho world, aud that 70
very few arc offended with IL. -.Spid
Men do aot often dare To Avow. e, en
to themselves. the slow progress rcasor
has made in their minds hnt they ars
ready to follow IL il l. !. resented TO
them IN lively anil = 800 'snuuer.
and forces thein To rse. z.'
IL the mrmorF !. n..r. fsAiiir in
childhood il !. - 81. 'ep.eio.S IL ina.
ture age "lni,lirs,l h.s ,oneii,ucs
the memory snr,i-. ,ilI age has that
at things, Nh'oh lnpis-s themselves az.
eotding To the ci,aii.,z-s 81 lhe cni.erp
tien of tl'a lh' ught 4hioh ~o ~ish q
retain.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

This society is gaining every day in
numbers and influence. 1t numbers
among its active and cooperating mem
bers the political economist, David A
Wells, Horace White, Prof. G. w. Sum-
mer, of Yale college, Charles Francis
Adams, Gen. Bradley, 7. johnson Of
Virginia, Cvrus W. Field, Peter Ham
ilton al Mobile, and many others of
wide reputation. Ii is not partisan
and is not to be used for any other pur-
pose than awakening an intelligent In
terest in government methods and pur-
poses. It's members are generally agreed
upon the following convictions:
Tho nation, parties and public m,n
must keep good faith.
The right of each citizen to his free
voice and vote must be upheld.
Office holders must not control the
suffrage.
The Office should seek the man, anC
not the man the Office.
! Public service, in business positions
should depend solely on fitness and
good behavior.
! The crimes of bribery and csrruptiol
! must be relentlessly punished.
| Local issues sheuld be independen
of party.
Coins made unlimited legal tende
must be made of full value as metal il
che markets of the world.
Sound currency must have meta
basis, and all paper money most be con
vertible on demand,
Labor has right to the highes
wages it can earn, unhinder ID by put
lie or private tyranny.
Trade has g right to the freest scop
unfettered by taxes, except for govern
ment expenses.
Corporations must be restricted freI
abuse of privilege.
Neither the public money nor th
peoples land must be used to subsidiz
private enterprise.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

mutual recognition, Jim Dawson ap-
peerod ut the door, having just return.
e'l from his prospecting tour ia Eureka,
and with an innate sense of propriety
That did honor TO hB acquaintances,
who were all rejoiced to sco him, was
quietly permitted to join his relatives
ipside.--San francisco Agyonauk
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

RECENT examinations of French
and Belgian butter has detected such
sdulteration Us fine chalk, petato
starch, fine smashed potatoes, wheat
flour, milk condensed by heat, bad
old butter. suet Of veal, carbonate OF
lead and lead sugar, milk water and
excess of salt, One lot recently
seized by the authorities presented a
granular appearance, analysis proving
that 100 parts CT the sample contained
only fortytwo parts of butter, fifty
one Ct pure water and seven of salt,
Incorporated together by special ma
chinery.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
REBEL GENERALS.

The ex-Confederate generals are |
busy practicing the arts Of peace. Maj.
Gen. Marmaduke is Missouri railway
commissioner, and, as bachelor, lives
comfortably in st. Louis on n salary OF
$4,000 n year. Gen. j. b. Gordon, as
counsel for the Louisville and Nashville
road gets n salary Of $4,000. Major
Gen. u. b. Cheatkan has handsome
farm in Tennessee, and Gen. l.. ]. Polk
has smother. Gaa. Toombs practices
law and is very rich. Gen. Basil Duke
is lawyer in louisville and has a. good
income; Gen. Bradley johnson is also
getting rich in the same profession in
Baltimore. All the sons of Robert T.
Lee except one are moderately success
ful farmers in Virginia. Tho cxcep
ton, Curtis Ice, succeeded his father
as president Of tho Washington lie,
! University. Gen. Jubal Early is liy,
ing quietly at Lynchburg in comforta
BILE circumstances. Gen. j. G Pember
ton has become resident of Pa,ladel
phia, is an invalid, and has written
book on Vicksburg.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
d india there are enc million aud

In India there are enc million aud
a half Of laborers engaged in the cul-
tivation Of jute, where it is spun in
nearly every cottage. The greatest
manufacturing center of jute is Dun
dee in Scotland, where there are more
than a hundred mills, employing
thousands of workmen and working
up annually more than 900, 100000
pounds. It's manufacture In this
country Is yet in its Infancy.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
FrxSY FAxcIEs.

II d n.'t take very fat hrie I,
ca ch Ire epizco,ic.
Tie woman vhj pretends to laugh
at love IS like the child who sings at
night wien il is afraid.
II is curious provision Ct nature
by which the trees are made 20 bare
during the cold weather.
A bacI e or. aceer ling 10 the Iitest
definition is the mA1 who b IS lost the
chance ~ making woman miserable.
Joaes lhin;s a men fortuna'e
who has his will contested after death
only. Hesays his will has been eon-
tested ever since he wedd ID Mrs ].
The worst case OF fayoTitian or
record Is that Of youth whose moth
er put IaIgr mus ard plaster on
his younger brother than she did on
him.
An instance OF shrewlness is given
in the Prin,etossian Student, after
cIass-"Did you marx me absenr.
Doctor 90 "I did, sir ; and W lai's
your name?
"BrIIliant and imPulsive Pe, pI ,"
said aleciurer on physiognomy, hive
black eyes, or If they don't have 'em
they are apt to get 'em, II they are
too impuisive."
A cross-eyed man who said he was
going 10 ssvote as he shot," had his
ballot carefully put among the s.scat-
tering" by the judi.ious inspector.
The woman who trims her own
bonnet can always be picked out Of a
crowd by other women; nos If men
only had this peculiar gift of se!ee-
ton.
Wonder what baby wOuld think e
worth his while 70 go through the
wear and tear Of growing up, IL he
knew that nc were II become a
freight brakeman or druggists
clerk
aWhy, Frankyn' exclaimed the
mother at the summer boarding
} house, never knew yon to ask for II
} SECOND piece of pie o. home" st
J knew it wasn't no use" replied
Frankly, quietly, as he proceeded
with his pie eating.
An editor in Georgia says ''Gold
is found in thirty six counties in this
siate, silver in three, copper in thir-
teen, iron in forty-three, diamonds In
twenty-six, and whisky in all of
a them; and the last gets away with
s all the rest"
The tIuthfuIn>ss OF sign over q
: Santa Fe saloon is to oe admired. An
! old fashioned perforated tin lantern
6 hangs upon ru ie bracket, and in
: the night throws dim and i1lful
: light upon a strip of white muslin on
: which is inscribed, "Nose paint"
r Miss Anthony is about lecturina
\ on this subject "Weman wants no
r bread but the ballot" We fear tha
d woman in abandoning bread for th'
suffrage will cause man to want hreaG
n more than ever, and he viii get yer,
little that is homemade if his VIII
se follows Susan.
70 "Do you expect to be rewarded
hereafter for the good deeds done il
II this lsfe ?" asked Galveston Sunda,
School teacher. al don't expect nul
6 fin myself, but the old Imam was banl;
i ing on. the Galveston post-of1ice
Hancock had not fooled him." re
:, sponded the boy. whose father dab
bles in pslities.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
Poetry
NANNY GESTEgmav.

Harry a gentleman,
Girls, If you can,
Minded and built
ON the generous plan,
Though he may neither
Have silver or gold
Title or fortune,
''To have Of to hold
Though he may labor
With spade and with IIce,
Though lac may n1ught
Bat his mother tongue ki cy
Though he live under
spci5'y's ban,
Marry a gentleman,
Girls, If you eau.
MBr.y a gentleman.
f;ir.s, q you can,
0cnlle and tender,
1ilongh 10 less man,
One who viii treasure
His child or bis wife,
Sc0rniDg TO rob them
Of sweetness IN life.
One who will never
The bruts's part astume
Fl.iiag his household
With sorrow and gloom.
II Oh loves altar
The fame yo1 wonld fan,
Marry gentleman,
Girls, II you can.
Y ~ will be happy,
AMI you viii BE- gal.
Thou "a be only
BE commonly clad.
Pleasure is fee.iBz.
And life but span
zf4rfy a gentleman,
Girls. If you can.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
TO The WORKING CLASS

We are now prepared 70 furnish al classes with con-
slant employment at home the whole Of the time,
for their spare moments. BaSineSs new, light and
sants to $ per evening, and proportional sum by
deyoting their whole tiie to the business boys and
girls earn nearly as much as laen. That eli who see
this notice may send their address aud test the bus-
ness we make this ofer To ouch not well sat
sed we viii send one dollar to pay for the trouble OF
writing Full particulars and outfit free, Address,
GHoRGR STINsox & Co, Pnrtisnd. Maine. 2yl
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

One Of the most beautiful models in
Paris is a young woman who comes
from the bluegrass region of Kentucky.
She was deserted by her husband
abroad, and she now supports herself
by posing.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
NEW YORK SHOPPING +!

Everybody delighted with the tasteful
and beautiful selections made by Mrs. Ia
mar, who has never failed to please her
customers. New Fall Circular just issued.
Send for IT. Address
MRS. ELLEN LAMAR.
I57tf ST. Broadway, New York
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

A public opinion, wholesome an I act
i've, unhampered by machine contra;, is
the true safeguard of popular ms itu-
tions
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
RArrs or ApvYsr1ss4

Business notices - the IncaI Column
20 cents per line.
For legal and transient advertisements
81 90 per square, for the first insertion, ard
so cents per square for eash subsequent In
sertion.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

James says he isn't particular a''Ont
the bells on the horse, hat he must
have belle in the sleigh, or 1t IS no
sleigh-ride at all.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

GJ Enn 70 5000 YEAk, or $ TO $50 day In
= s1U1 your ogn locality. 30 risk. Women do
ss well - iien. Many mako more than tile amonut
stated above. 80 one cal fail to make money fast
Any can do the work You make from so cts
TO So an hour by deyoting your evenings and spare
time 70 the business IL costs nothing to try the bus
mess Nothing like IL for money making ever offered
Reader Il you want 70 know all about the best paying
business before the public, send your address and
free samples worth S. also free you can then make
up your mind for yourself. Address GEORGE sTIS.
son L CO., Portland, Maine.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

ALL the principal lighthouses in
France are soon to be provided with
electric lighting apparatus. The con-
tracts have been already aW arled.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

The corner loafer will never visit the
phrenologist to find out what he Is best
fitted for. He does not want to know.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

Tho hest railroad conductor in the
world il well bred woman, for she al
ways knows how to manage her train.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

Stewart s Grey are offering some fine bar
gains in real estate.
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08
The Corvallis Fruit Co.

Will purchase Plummef dried fruit al
full market pTsees;
VIII send competent person to advise
fruit growers as 70 cultivation or or addi.
tions 10 orchards;
VIII supply fruit trees of approved sorts
az moderate prices;
VIII sell Plummer Driers through Linn,
Benton and Lane counties.
Letters to be sent to Corvallis Fruit Com
pany, Corvallis, Benton County, Oregon.
WALLIS NASH, President.
JAMES READaAS, Sec'y.
January |, 1880. 24w6
The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1881-04-08

Subscribe ior De DEMOoRAr.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1881-11-19
PATENTS.

Fore a, lehman. solicitor OF American and
~, ,hees connected with Patents whether baforo
tn ne p@Ient ONCE or the Courts, promptly az
&c Son so 70; NO charge made unless a pate ~"
is secured. Send Tor circular. % psSsent
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1881-11-19
For Sale, Cheap I!

One FIRE AND BURGLAR-PROOF SAFE.
weight lfOO lbs. Nearly new. In first class
order. Only reason tor selling we are conf.
PEELED to have one Of greater capacity.
PEDDICORD & COMBS.
The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1881-11-19
THE DAVIS
VERTICAL FEED
SEWING MACHINE.
See what It will do without Basting,

~ VIII sew over uneven surfaces as well ~
plain.
1t will sew over seams in any garment, with
out making long or short stitches, breaking OF
thread, or puckering the lining of the goods at
the seam, requiring no assistance from the OPP
orator, except to run the machine and to guide
the work. point which no other machine
possesses
1t is the only practical machine for hemming
bias alpacas, poplins, musins, and other sim
nar goods without basting, and it is the only
machine in the world that will turn wide hem
across the end of a sheet without fulling the
under or upper side of the hem.
1t will turn hem and sew in q fold at one
operation.
It will do telling, bias or straight, on any cot
ton or wooden goods.
It will fell across seams on any goods.
1t will bind dress goods with the same or
other material, either scalops, points, squares
Bind folds without showing the stitches, and
sew on at the same time.
1t will put on dress braid and sew in facing
and a bias fold at one operation, without draw
ing either dress, braid or skirt, and without
showing the stitch on right side.
Fold bias trimming and sew on at one opera
ton.
Make milliners' folds with different colors
and pieces of goods at one operation, and sew
on at the same time.
stitching it into the seam at the same time.
1t will gather without sewing on. II will
gather and sew OF at the same time.
WI gather between two bands SHOWING
1t will make and sew ruffie on any part OF
O dress skirt, and sew on a bias fold for head
Ing at one operation, showing the stitches on
the right side.
1t will gather and sew on a band with piping
between ruff1e and band, at one operation.
1t will sew a band and ruffie on q dress skirt,
stitching in piping at head of band at one
operation.
1t will make plated trimming either straight
or scalloped.
Make plated trimming either scalloped or
straight and sew Cd q band, and edge stitch the
band at one operation.
1t will, with one operation for each variety,
without basting, execute 20 practical varieties
OF ruffiing, being IL more than can be produced
on any other machine with same number OF
operations. :,
II does not change length Of stitch on scroll
work.
It sews from lace to leather without changing
stitch or tension.