davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
Mechanical Progress.

II is an interesting feature OF our times
tonote the rapid progress which hasDeen
made IN manufacturing ingenuity and
scientific skill in the production OF sub
stitutes for expensive or scarce raw ma
terials and articles in general demand.
II cannot be controvertcd that art Is fast
invading the domain of nature. Chem
Istry is enabling us TO replace animal
and vegetable dyes, md to form artificial
gems OF Creditable limitations OF them,
which, MS ornaments, answer every pur-
pose. Mineral oils replace animal and
vegetable ones for illuminating purposes,
and the electric light is slowly super
scding the use Of noxious and costly gas.
The expensive and dangerous whale fish
cry need no longer be pursued, nor the
African deadly jungle penetrated for
ivory. The sea tortoise no longer lures
the adventurous sailors, nor arc the
ostrichcs Of the desert hunted at the
sacrifice of health and often Of life itself
These genuine products have been SO
long in universal use as to become
necessities Of our civilization, unless very
similar articles can be ingeniously sub
stimtcd for them.
Chemistry and science have enabled us
TO manufacture our own tortoise shell,
ivory, and feathers, without the risk OF
visiting wild junglcs and arctic or tropi-
cal seas for our supplies, In addition to
the above, the ImoricdH NUitu0tOr pro-
crcds TO onumcratc some Of the most
successful artificial products whin are
now extensively manufactured, and
which take the place, to Il large extent,
Of more expensive genuine substances
A half dozen available substitutes for
whalebonc are manufactured. Ivory, so
extensively III use, is superseded by
celuloid. Piano and organ keys, billiard
balls, hand mirrors, and handles OF
knives and folks, are nearly all made OF
! this ingenious chemical substitute for
| ivory. In the imitation Of tortoise shell,
| it is made into combs, card cases, napkin
rings, and the like; while the pink coral,
so popular with jewellers and ladies', is
initiated by it to perfection.
Ostrich feathers, ever the court plume'
Of fashion, and held formerly ut prices
which only admitted Of their use by the
wealthy few, are now cclpscd in beauty
and durability by the ingenious hand OF
! skilled manufacture. A compound o
silk or celuloid, spun glass, and Other
materials is now SO cuuningly combined
as to be equally desirable with the gen
ulno ostrich feathers, and very close ex
animation is required to detect the orig
nal from the substitute. Artificial stOnC
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

Until you set foot ON Gibraltar You
can form no idea of its imprcgnuhiity.
Very properly it's real strength cannot
hn sccn from ship in tho bay. Only
Whom you land do You find that tho sen
wall hrialrB with heavy guns and gronns
beneath piles of ball only as You rny-
urBo it's flank do you SEQ how formidable
Nrccch.loaders peep from every NyalIu-
Die chiuk, and powerful mortars Turk
behind every convenient cmbankmont
And not until you penetrate tho body Of
the rock do you get any just notion of
fine marvellous piece of military engin.
"crmg exhibited in its "gaIIcrios.
These arc tunnels eXcav0tcd from tho
solid rock, parallel to it's outer side, but
some thirty feet thorcfrom, and largo
enough TO drive carriage through.
Thoy nro in two tiers, and cOmpriHc u
total length of nearly three miles. At
every thirty feet or 80 along thom spa
CiouS cmhrasurcs nrc outhown that tor
inmate IL commmdinRport- holes, which
look TO q spectator outside tho rock like
swallows ncst-holcs in tho snnd-cli(f.
These cmhraSurcs contain heavy gums,
always standing ready for action, with
powdcr-m0gazincs hard by. From the
port holes beautiful peeps of the bay
and the Spanish country nro obtained.
out of these, on the north side, you
look down upon n half-sandy, half
grassy fiat, perhaps half n milo long and
us wide or wider, connecting the rock
with the mainland, and separating tho
bay from the Mediterranean. Two limos
Of sentry boxes, ono ut the rock end,
the other ut the distant end, mark tho
boundaries of British and Spanish land,
md between these lines is tho "ncutral
ground. " Tho guns of the quarricd
cmbrasurcs, and those hidden cannon
that stud tho western and southern
slopes of the rock, cover tho ncighbor-
ing Spanish land, the whole Of tho bay
and the straits, and the strengthening
work il ever going on by the fortilica-
iion OF new points that from time to
tImc appear vulnerable. Tho eastern
side Of the rock requires no protection
1t ia fOrbilding wall, with Il grent sand
slope in one place, but with no foothold
for anything more than few iishermon's
huts near tho waters edge. London
IGiG0raph.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
A FRUITFUL POEM.

A little peach In The orchard grew
A little peach OF emerald hue.
Kaasd' city Tines
A little hoy he climed the fence,
And took that peach from hence 10 thence.
Detroit Pre- PreD
And when he had eaten It he had such pain
lie said he'd never steal green peach again.
-Richm0ad w. Bdt0H
biggish dog did forward prance
And snUchci a bite from that noy's pants.
-- Cicrcldad Voice,
He joyful sang IN h0mow ward ir1lic,
Batlatcr grappled with infant collie
-H'0gmiayion Ey
The doctor came, but he couldn't save,
And they planted the peach seed by the boy''
grave.
--HeuJcarWe Hcrah.
H., tombstone bore the letters draar;
"Eo more the wOpIshed and the tear
-Peoua TraaSCripL
Luml: Never eat green, green peach,
Eha ggya away out beyond your reach.
--K.Okuk Gdte CIV.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
A PcrtinaciOus Landlord.


"Isnt there such n crime as conduct
calculated TO provoke a breach Of the
penco?" asked a ncrvous-looliing man Of
d Brooklyn Police Justice.
"Of course there it," responded Tho
Justice.
Then gimme warrant for my land
lord, demanded tho nervous man.
what has no done ?" asked tho JUS
tice, cying tho suitor suspiciously.
Gle comes to my house when I've
rot company, and says he wants the
iour-months' rent / owo him, and mts
ont on tho front steps and howls for his
money, Ii I should kick the whole
spIno out Of him, I'd be arrested,
wouldn't l?'
" Yes, think You would. Why don't
You pay him ?"
"'Ihat isn't the question. He comes
10 my house mt 4oclock III the morn
ing and yclls through the kcy-hoIo, and
then ho goes up through the vacant
house next door, and gets on my roof
md shouts down the chimney Says he
will hnyo that money. If | should drop
Il hatiron on him, or blow him up with
powder, it would 20 hard with me-,
wouldn't it?'
"Irctty npt 10. Can't You come to
no understanding with him?"
at seems not Say, has he got n
right io climb over my fence and have
iits iumy back yard, Just because | owe
him little money!"
sn,ru Ina Il, ihut 1n
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
Advice 10 NIarkSmrH.

Sergeant A. b. Van Husen, of the
Twelfth Regiment, New York, gives the
following advice to marksmen before the
butts: Hold your rifle loosely and pull
it off with twitch. Grip your gun as
though you were making Il bayonet
thrust. Strain it to your shoulder as if
it was your best friend. Control your
rifle, don't let the rifle control you.
Pull so carefully and steadily that you
won't know when it is going Off Hold
it SO firmly that you can look through
the sights to tho target after the smoke
clears away. Don't finch or twitch the
trigger. Wien you get good aim, hold
your breath and fire with a steady pres
sure of the trigger. If you are nervous,
rest moment. Keep cool. Remember
the best shot on the ground will have to
bo jus. as careful about aiming as you
are.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

Peas PuDDISG.--Soak a pint of split
peas twelve hours, then put them into
saucepan with enough water to cover
them, and set them to boil. adding more
water at intervals. When they are quite
done, drain off the water and pass them
through sieve; add a couple of eggs.
pepper, salt and butter to taste. mix
thoroughly well and put the pudding
into buttered mold; tic cloth over i.
and set it to boil in plenty Of water for
couple Of hours. Turn it out and serve.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
A Living PAPER Cutter.

An Indian Raiah who was pleasantly
disposed toward the English ana had
learned their language after fashion,
frequently visited some years ago, so she
story runs, the yiceroy OF Calcutta, ana
Gil one occasion borrowed OF the latter
COPY of the Edinburgh ReView, which ba
HAPPENED to see lying on the table.
When he returned the magazine the
Viceroy asked him if he had found eny'
thing Interesting in it. "Oh! yes| hs
replied "many beautiful things, but
also many disconnected articles. :" How
SOP asked the viceroy.. See mere,
answered the Rajah; 'this begins WITH
Hunting the Orang- outang, does u hoE
And now turn over the page, and mere
Won have the History Of Mary Stuart, -
tina Vicerov laughed. He perceived
that the Raiah had attempted to read
the book through without cutting tne
leaves, He accordingly took from ms
table beautiful ivory paper cutter, ".
blamed its use to his visitor, and made
him a present of it. The Rajah was puz,,
2led as to how the leaves OF books couia
lo rripted before they were cut open
butthis was also explained to him. ADou'
q year after this occurrence the Vlceroy
saw gay company entering the court,
and in the center Of it the Ralah seateH on
Young elephant. No sooner did the "a
iah see the yiceroy than he cried; do
you happen to have an uncut copy OF
the Edinburg Rcricm' If SO, please
toss it to me-" The Niceroy threw out
the magazine. 1t was caught by the
elephant, who placed it between his
tusks, which had been wrought into
elegant paper cutters, even including
carved handles, and quickly cut open
the leaves, after which the knowing AM
mai passed the Rericw back to the sur
priscd Viceroy. Tho Ralah then dls-
mounted. and said to the Niceroy, as he
pointed to the elephant " lie Is yours.
I return you your paper cutter, alive"
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
How to BE Nobody,

1t is easy to be nobody, and we will
tell you how to do it, Go to the drink
ing saloon to spend your leisure time.
iou need not drink much now-just a
little beer or some other drink. In the
meantime, play dominoes, or something
else to kill time, SO that you will be sure
not to read any useful books. If you
read anything, let it be the cheap novels
OF the day; thus go on keeping your
stomach full, and your head empty, and
yourself playing time-killing games, and
in few years you will be nobody, I'm.
less you should turn ont drunk ard. or
n professional gambler, either of which
is worse than nobody. There are any
number of young men hanging around
bar-parlors, just ready to graduate and
he nobodits.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

Fon dyspepsia, Indigestion, depression Of
spirits and general debility in their various
forms. also as a preventive against fever ard
aEuc and other intermittent feyers, the FERRo
PHosPHoRATED ELIXIR OF CAIIsAYA BARK,
made by Caswcll, Hazard & Co., New York, and
sold by all druggists, is the best tonic; and for
patients recovering from fever or other sick.
ness II has no equal.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

As an exhibition of the intrinsic worth ol
st. Jacobs OiI, We think the ease referred to,
that of Mrs q. W. Hubbard, Of this town,
cured of Sriatic rheumatism Of long stand.
ing by the Oil, is certainly striking, aud, he.
yond all doubt, conclusive as to its efficacy.
the remedy has our Endorsement.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

A GIRL only eight years old was ar
rested in Lowell, Mass, the other day,
for drunkenness, and IN exchange says
$40 complete the disgraccful picture,
the police let her lie ten hours insenslble
in a cell without attention" But they
did not club her.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

HAPPINESS and prosperity are so lndissolubly
linked with good health, that all those suffering
with Hoarseness, Coughs Colds, ETC., should
try DR.. Bulls Cough Syrup and be cured.
Price % cents.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

AN argument once arose IN which Sid
ney Smith observed that many of the
most eminent men OF the world had been
dlmmutiye iii person, and, after naming
several among the ancients, no added:
Why, look there at Jeffrey ; and there
IL my little friend -, who has not
body enough to cover his mind decent
ly with; his intellect is improperly ex-
Dcsah
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

GEN. GARIBALDI's health has been en-
iircly restored by his residence ON the
Gsuoeso coast. He frequently visits tho
yJlggcs along the shore in II canoe or
small boat. His friends believe that he
will live ten years longer, at least.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
South American Corn.

TIN. largest corn In the world The kernels mepam'
lrn luur, hyc.olahb4 wide, one-tonih men 'T m
n n.hc- the test uf meal md the finest ri homhi %
auyu limited amount tor sale this season "i,t ="
pt,l above wlIi refund the money. Th' i, t'i o
..r. Every farmer should secure sack q, wv "a
g llc,s j. T.. MARTIN, Dealer IN tHs Fleiu 'ue'' ~
rvrth seventh street. Philadelphia, Pa.
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

IT is said that none but the importers
and breeders have made anything out Of
Angora goats in this country,
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23

The Hest Life Preserver.
Warmers Safe Kinney and Liver Cure,
The home journal. (Winchester, Tenn.) 1858-188?, 1881-02-23
NprcllantSnnd Others ilayiGgSmllC Capital

Nv T'HHHIN WNW VTH0r" "'''"- .
can make money handling the New N"'o
silent Light Running Whccler& Wilson Sew
ing Machine II is the only machine having
IN established reputation which is offered a.
wholesale IN this territory. For nearly thirty
wears "Whccl.r ~ Wilson" has been house"
hold word, and the name of tbs COMPANY Is
sure guarantee Of the superiority OF me
machine, and fair, liberal dealing. Ec,a'l
buyers are referred to local agents and dealers
aho,cll the Nos. Write orprccs ana terms
10 Wheeler n Wilson Mfg Co., Atlanta, "a,
f,r Georgia., South Carolina, Florida ana
southeastern Ala, Nashville, Tenn, for Ten
nc>.cc Il Il Norih Alabama; New Orleans
Ia., for Mississippi, Louisiana and Southwest
.,rn Ala. W. Il. CLENES, Manager
Needles for all kinds OF sewing machines
.,t A. hnIpsplr and retail.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1881-12-07
DR. A.(1.()I.IN

gK. SOUTH CLARK-S-c, CIIIChGO, ILL,
OCCIDENTAL FHYSIC AN. over twenty years III
getal practice, devoting his entire attention to
CHRONIC, NERVOUS and URINARY diseases.
,sng4 middle-aged Og OLD men suffering from
,ExEUBs DEBILITY. PREMATURE DECAY. from
v-xxes, exposures. intersections, or any other
zs<sss, cured safely, privdtely ana at reasonable
-1asgs SYPHILITIC or VI .7RCURIAL AFFECTIONS
f4H-throat, skin o. bones. treated successfully
& die latest scientific principles FEMALE
EgxkSESS, that b8ue Of seven-tenths Of the
xaxIesH wOmen VII ch undeEInines their health
zE strength and makes lie 4 burden, cured
EGzX&SENTLY. Consultation ny letter or i'll per-
gin all eases free o. charge. The names of
sTeats are never published ny him. and he can
~ consulted in perfec' confidence. Address
gaSI stsmp as above.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1881-12-07
the BEST REMEDY
Diseases Of The Throat AMI Lungs.

Diseases OF ts.t
pulmonary organs
are SO prevalent ami
fatal, that a safe and
reliable remedy for
them is Invaluable
to every community.
AVER S CHERRY
PICTORIAL is such a
re IN e dy, and no
other so elllinently
merits the conf
dence of the public.
1t is a scientific COM
'bination of the medi-
.cinal principles and
curative virtues Of
the finest drug S,
chemically united,
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1881-12-07
For Sale.

House and Store ON Fourth street, near Main.
for sale cheap and on easy terms. For particu-
lars inquire of E. C. Gaebler. 5n
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1881-12-07
PICTORIAL.

10 Insure TIE great
est possible efficiency and uniformity OF re-
suits, which enables physicians as well as
lnvalidS to use it with confidence. 1t is
the most reliable remedy for diseases of
the throat and lungs that science has pro-
duced 1t strikes at the foundation Of all
pulmonary diseases, affording prompt
and certain relief, and is adapted to pa
tientS of any age or either sex. Being
very palatable, the youngest children
take 1t without difficulty. In the treat
ment of ordinary Coughs, Colds, Sore
Throat, Bronchitis, Influenza, Cler-
gyman's Sore Throat, Asthma, Group,
and Catarrh, the effects of AYERS
CHERRY PICTORIAL are magical, and multi
tudes are annually preserved from serious
illness by it's timely and faithful use. It
should be kept at hand in every house
hold for the protection it affords in sud-
den attacks. In Whooping-cough and
Consumption there is no other remedy
so efficacious, soothing, and helpful.
The marvellous cures which AYERS
CHERRY PICTORIAL has effected all over
the world are a sufficient guaranty that il
will continue to produce the best results.
An impartial trial will convince the most
sceptical of its wonderful curative powers,
as we'll as of its superiority over all other
preparations for pulmonary complaints.
Eminent physicians in all parts Of the
country, knowing its composition, recon-
mend AYERS CHERRY PICTORIAL to inva-
lids, and prescribe it in their practice.
The test of half a century has proved it's
absolute certainty to cure all pulmonary
complaints not already beyond the reach
of human aid.
Prepared by DR.. j. C. Aver g. Co.,
Practical and Analytical Chemists,
Lowell, Mass.
BOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1881-12-07

! III Il. lI!Iss.Ia.5SE.giI,IIAl57 0ggEEf|


Until January St lS6i, We VIII SeltG to any
reader Of this paper splendid Imitation G0i0
Watch ans Gai 81. -. y So Seven Shot G0iti
Y0Untr0 i,YoiYeT faJ 80 -. Complete Set of
Shakesperc Noe -;.S0,ucly bound andiilnS-
tratcd Tor -. ~ sells vi Drautitui iOnian
JcWeIry (all differently ~ So ccDts. Or we will
send all four for So. This offer viii only last
during the holidays, and is made for the pur-
pose ofintroducine orr goods. Order at once.
Address u, "a FEATURING COMPANY, 116
SmithiICiti ~. "itt>hur@i. Pa. aH
q q Es q week IN your own town. Terms and
sQOO 50 outfit free. Address II. HAILETT &
Co., Portland, Maine.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1881-12-07
/ Great Cause of Human Misery
rs ,ERzEl Less OF
NAN : : >

a LECTURE ON THE NATURE, TREATMENT, AND
RADICAL cure OF Seminal Weakness or Spermo-
Emissions, Impotency, Nervous DEBILITY. and
lmpedlments to Marriage generally Consump-
loll EPILEPSY, and Fits; Mental and Physical
D., author of the ''Green Book" &C.
The wOrldrenoWned author in this admirable
Lecture, clearly proves from his own experience
that the awful consequences of Self Abuse may
be cured be etfectually removed without surgic
al operations. bougies, instruments, rings, or
cordials; pointing out mode Of cure at once
certain and effectual, by which every sufferer,
no matter what his condition may be, may cure
himself cheaply, privately and radically.
va This Lecture aciI pr0ves q boon to thousands
and thousands.
Sent under seal, in a plain envelope, to any
address, on redeipt OF six cents, or two postage
stamps Address
THE CULVERWELL MEDICAL co.
Al ANN ST., NEW YORK, N. Y; Post Office BOX
$50.
Watertown republican. [volume] (Watertown, Wis.) 1860-1906, 1881-12-07

eMA waaeAss rtsnwfxd srs So So W iva as.a@ = -
1kA<Ahsstfsr Hss s-ss~iAhv We Pss p 49,
&amnAAs9zs kss. rAs-A|sss 90. 40
The daily gazette., 1881-11-05

BY way Of answer to the recent
manifestations of the Italian pilgrims
in Rome, the Democratic party in
Florence organized demonstration in
honor of Savonarola, who, we are
reminded, was tortured and burnt in
1893 by the agents of Pope Alexander
vi. The demonstration is described
as having been of simple and solemn
character. The procession, with flags
and music, repaired to the great square
where they deposited a crown of
flowers upon the monument of the
Italian preacher and reformer.
The daily gazette., 1881-11-05

From the Baltimore Sun.
An Alleged Case OF Leprosy-some.
thing which has Paxzled Physf.
clans.
Residing In East Baltimore 10 q mar
ried lady, the mother OF several chill
dren, who, 1t Is claimed, 10 affected with
leprosy and whose case has excited con.
siderable attention among physicians OF
this city. She ives born IN Baltimore,
where she lived until her sixteenth year,
when she removed TO the Eastern Shore.
DIR. j. Il. Atkinson, who hrs attended
the patient, aud on one occasion exhibi-
ted her TO the members Of the clinical
society of Baltimore at its rooms,
speaking of the case in the Medical
Record Of ihs society, March IL, 1881
states that about IL months previous,
(1S79,) the symptoms of This horrible
disease became manifest. Yellow SD Dts
appeared on the limbs, and gradually
spread TO the trunk, chest, back, neck,
face and finally TO the arms. DR.. At
klnson Immediately brought the case to
the notice Of the Clinical Society, and
on two different occasions read papers
before medical bodies on the subject.
The only reason assigned for the affiic-
ton Of this lady is that she resided near
another leper, and 1t is supposed by this
means contracted the malady. 1t Is
generally believed that leprOsy is conta-
gieus, belief which in this instance
seems to be attssted, as the woman has
never In her life crossed the borders of
the State of Maryland, thus making it
Impossible for her to contract the dis
ease by breathing air which had been
previously contaminated by the presence
OF lepers' The patient has now about
the face leonine appearance or resem-
blance to q lion, caused by globules
growing over it. There is no cure
known to physicians for leprosy, the
afflicted one being slowly consumed,
the arms, legs, toes, &C., becoming dis
jointed and falling off. 1t is also be-
lieved that 1t is hereditary, and extends
for generations In families. In The
medical history OF Baltimore since its
foundation, this is but the fourth case of
the kind known.
The daily gazette., 1881-11-05

II cannot do much )" said little star,
ITO make the dark world bright!
My silvery beams cannot struggle far
Through the folding gloom of night
But I'm only part of Gods great plan
And III chesrfully do the best that
eau"
what Is the use ?" said fieecy cloud,
"Of these few drops that hold?
They Will hardly bend the lily proud,
Though caught In her cup of gold.
VT am part of Gods great plan,
80 my treasures IN give as well as /
can"
A child went merrily forth TO play,
But O thought. like q silver thread,
Kept winding In and out all day
Through the happy, golden head;
Mother said. Darling, do all you can,
For y GU are part of Gods great plan ,
She knew no more than the sIancing
star,
Nor the cloud with It's chalice full,
How, why. and Tor what all strange
things were.
She was only child al school
But she thought, Its a part Of Gods
plan,
That even should do all that can"
She helped younger child along.
When the road was rough to the feet
And she sang from her heart little song
That we all thought passing sweet;
And her father, a weary, toil-wor man,
II
The daily gazette., 1881-11-05
SOMETIMES.

y SAL sweet thoughts! O foolish. vain
regrets!
AS WISE II were. what time June roses
blow,
40 weep because the nrst blue violet.
we found in Spring, has faded long ago.
y friend, my friend, If yet by song of bird
ny mower scent. by some sad poet's
rhymes,
MY heart. THAT fsin would be al peace ia
stirred,
Am 1 to blame If still sigh. sometimes ?
And sometimes now pang OF Jealous
lain,
ihat while ! walk all lonely, other eyes
nay hapiy smile to yours that smile
again,
beneath The sun and stars of northern
skies
rhe past IL past. but is 1t wrong, II vet
l. VINO In calm content would seek to
dwell,
VINO Will not grieve, yet cannot quite
forget,
stiii sometimes send q thought to you,
and wish you we'll?