New-York tribune., 1881-10-28

fern. he cannot be disturbed for year; but
when notice is given in time, tenancy cannot be
prolonged without the landlords consent, ana
on forms to which he may be willing to accede.
When there is no agreement, the presumption
Of law sets the limit at one year. In Ireland,
whenever the rent is fixed by the Land Court or
bv a aoreement. the tenant cannot be disturbed
for fifteen years In the fifteenth year he can
apply to the court and secure new settlement
for another term of fifteen years; and so on
An Irish tenant who pays his rent has perma-
uent security of tenure, whereas an American
tenant. if he cannot bring his landlord to terms,
may be dispossessed whenever his lease or
agreement expires.
. Repts.-Rents are regulated in the United
St,tes bv lease or agreement, whether paid in
monev. shares or produce, and at the expiration
Of stated term the tenant may be dispossessed
if he il unwilling to accept the landlord coA-
ditions. unless there are restrictive clauses IN
serted i'm the contract. Under the Irish Land
Act the tenant is protected against arbitrary
ipcreose of rent. If the landlord raises the
rent tbe tenant NAV agree to the increase, or
he NAV Law the case before either tie Civil
Bill Court or the Land Court and the rent
tion cannot he altered for fifteen years. When
there is no increase, the tenant may apply to
the same courts for IL rcadjustment OF the rent
if he considers it too high, and the rates when
NAV be- adiudged reasonable will continue III
force for fifteen years. As the Land Court as
constituted at present includes two iriehds Oh
the tenant class and one representative oil the
landowners, the rights OF the occupiers are
amply protected
9. ImprOrements.-In the United States
tenant makes repairs and improvements NJ MS
own risk. as the law does moi recognize Lls
right to them except under covenant III MS
lease. Under the Irish Land Act, rent cannot
he based upon any repairs or improvements
made by the tenant or his predecessors IN title,
unless he has been directly compensated for
them. His right to those repairs and improve
ments is never forfeited except by agreement or
sale. If hc leaves his holding voluntarily or l.
elected by process of law. he is compensated for
them.
4. Tenant RiJEE-The Irish tenant has also
certain rights of possession which are formally
recognized in the Land Bill and now have
permanent value. If his rent Is increased, ana
he does not wish to make terms with the land
lord or to appeal to the Land Court for a re-
valuation, he can sell his holding with the I'M
provements for what it will bring. When he Is
elected from that holding or is forced 10 dispose
of it through the Intervention of the Land
Court. To which the landlord has access under
certain restrictions, nc is compensated FOR ms
tenant right. The landlord has the privilege OF
buving the tenancy at price privately ar
ranged or publicly fixed by the Land Court, but
if he does not avail himself of this right, the
tenant can get what he can for 1t in open mar
kct. In the United States tenancy is not re
cognizcd as n class Of property distinct from the
land itsrlf-S privilege which can be bought and
sold, and for which compensation must be made
in cases of cicctmcnt
;. ACQUISITION Of HoldiRgs.-An Irish tenant
who wishes TO purchase his holding outright,
can apply 20 the Land Court to fix the price
and to advance thrcc-fourths of the purchase
money; argl the landlord may agree to leave
The remaining fraction due upon the security
of the premises. All advances from the Court
are repaid by m annual sum for tliirty-tiyc
years, at per cent, OF the tenant can make ms
pavmcnts more rapidly and on better terms if
he prefers. Provision is also made in to Land
Act for aiding tenants who owe arrears of rent
aud for enabling them to make fresh start.
I'm the United States tenants receive no assist
ancc by law or public credit in purchasing their
farms or in paying their debts.
&. Ejccfncat,-In the United States recovery
of rent aud cicctmcnt for stipulated cause are
by summary process before a Justice of the
rcacc, with right of jury. In Ireland, an
evictcd tenant il entitled to compensation for
his improvements and to the privilege of sell
ing his tenancy and if the rent has been fixed
for fifteen years by q competent tribunal, he
can apply to the Land Court for n stay Of pro-
ccedings, which can be- granted with cOmpcnsa-
ton to the landlord for any temporary damage
that has been sustained. Under the Act of
1870 tenant caprciously elected for any
cause except nOn-p payment Of rent. is entitled
to an additional compensation for disturbance
varying from one to seven years rent.
From this comparative view of the two land
systems, it appears that an Irish tenant has
extraordinary rights and privileges under Mr..
GladstOnc's Act which American farm tenants
have never enjoyed, nor once thought of de-
manding. A tenant in this country has no Sc
curity against dispOssession or an arbitrary
increase Of rent unless he secures il for stated
period in his lease or agreement. He has no
right to any Improvements he may make and
he derives no special privilege from occupa-
ton. There are no statutes enabling him 10
redeem his farm when once sued in ejectmcnt.
He receives no aid from the State if lac wishes
to acquire his holding permanently but has
neither money nor credit, or if his rent has
fallen into arrears and he is pcnnilcss. On the
other hand an Irish tenant mas permanent Sc
curity Of tenure at n rent which tribunals con
stitutcd in his interest consider fair and reas-
enable. lie is compensated for improvements
made by himself or his predecessors, and has
the privilege of selling his rights of possession
in open market He is protected against arb-
tmry ejectnent and enjoys unusual facilities in
Il