Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1881-04-13

Read before thu nesing pr the larl Of srirulture
At rownsh md, by q. H. II IuShton Of that place

lore interest every person.
The general subject of education is one
that Is so often under discussion that there
is little lo say thtt has not been said, and
in saying that little You do not know hut
that yOu are repeating what some one else
has said, in fact, like the general subject
of agriculture it is pretty much worn out
yet, as regards the practical education OF
the agrculturiSt it is in its infancy, and
although there is enough practical knowl-
edge with which to commence building n
system. the fTmer does not use that which
is ut his command If the farmer was
convinced of the practical utility and need
his support And 50 want to talk to YOU
of the needs of higher education. And
in doing so it will hardly be necessary fol
me to do more that to give voice to your
needs and aspirations such as most farm
ers have felt, or sometime in their lives
will feel
lst. The farmer needs to understand
chemistry, becau4d~it is the science which
investigates the composition and certain
properties of material substances
Chemistry by its power of analyst. re-
teaches the proper kind, value and appIica
ton of manures, the mode and means O
nutrition, and the knowledge of supplying
wants and of correcting deficiencies and
excesses wherever noticed in cultivation
IN short the farmer needs to understand
chemistry rs applied to soils, plants grain,
animals, manures, climates, localities and
tillage, which is wide field for invest
cation.
The farmer needs to understand botany
and vegetable philosophy, because it teach
rs the relation between natural plants and
their soils, and will enable him to establish
artificial soils and highest cultivation; ex-
hibiting also to him the structure Of the
different orders of cultivated plants, and
explaining their nature and the use of the
healthy, and the injurious effects Of the
diseased secretions of plants.
The farmer needsto understand geology,
because it explains to him the formation
of the earth's crust in reference to drain.
age and the effects Of subsoils on the
growth of plants and trees.
He wants to understand anatomy and
animal physiology, because it explains the
structure and functions of animal economy,
with 4 view to perfect development and
prevention Of disease.
The farmer need. to urJer.,and oIoo.
trcitY ana meteorology, because they ex.
nl,in the otmnsnherir ubanomeno nno,
the chances of which nnnrlv all the oner,.
tion of farmers LeopnJ
He needs in nnderst,nJ mechanics ho
cause il treats uf The nr,ncin.I of nachnn.
ism. this would helm farmers NOT oniy ,c
run and rrn,ir hnt tn huv and n,.,.n H.,
thew use anon their farms and if wnnId
helm in The thous,nd marh,nical oner,,ion,
tb.t the farmer * enp,ged in
Tho farmer shonid also he sJuo,tad
in noI;tic,l nconomv tina lays Of tr.do
f;nanoe and those kindrpl snhia,ts which
.im tn n,nk,. him , ,bonghtml shrnwd
and INTELLIGENT citizen. And ~ the farmer
empIovs every other profession or trade
dnea he NOT mead = General knowledye al
them -such "A knowiedge of them as will
enable him to avoid being made "A tool Of
10 help Others to uosition/whiGh bplono
TO him and should be orcunied bv him 3 IN
short the farmer needs that cnItnra ,vbicl
will give him broad and inst views nt
whntever affects the common veal and fl
him to think and net wisely and we'll in nh
tha rol.t;nn ar Gcos
Iittle n,nrs than g., hrn,ir.d yo,,., h.,yo
n,s,nd ,,v,y since thn.o hi,l. ,nI y.II,,,.
..,I'l,, ,., ,,,l ,t, s', >
''' W. g. '','' Wv ''.''''
I''I I'D"I" '.' "'," '''1,'i,' ~. YOU ',"' ="
u'.ot ''i,tu' I'''',,.'P9' ','" ' 'v|
t'''''''' VI, ''''n VIC "'"''' "''S VI" l''''i'
iar'hS "llh "e"ur i'' holh'S'e"ls Wh'ch Nol
now occupy lheIr work was the rHmpv
lng OF the forests. the making of roads,
building oi houses AND lenclng III land,
All tins required to he lone before they
could gam subsistence from the land.
This work, for this reason, required all the
muscular and mental power they could
command. therefore few ot the early set
tiers of Vermont enjoyed other advantages
of education than II few months attendance
at the primary schools in winter, AS they
then existed They We're III general, men
of strong character, good common sense
and penetrating minds, and clearly per.
ceiving the numerous advantages which
education confers, they early directed thcil
attention to the establishment of schools
The founding of state i not 4 snal
undertaking. even with the light of our day
How much greater then with the light ON
ialuers had. Ihls was the work of II zen.
e'atloh past and gone. That they bullded
h,' po,ter ll';'h they knew all will admit, but
,h; iGm well oh'y tlme wlll tell. But what
.",iN you - vi s"ol''' nG the work of this
"orkF IS 1t to cultivate the
a,il' ou, 'ae'iers nave leIl u IN just the
Ma thn'' 'I,,' U' iI.','.s cuitlVated them
farns H,st r;l,St ,h snln" Y1u cultivate thelr
their r1ada in tho hast ,IanaeS S ftfsw"yS put
il 10 nm. work to corrst s,, - e n.y. ''ien
tsk.s onr fathers m.da '0'nI Rnii,,n VI tLe ms
not CHANGES in n,tnr.. ,h,t oaI e.. ,'o v''ele
nonding ch,nges in ,hn ,nn,t. '' ~ Co, ',','o
RnI ,his 10 No, ali. wa n,ns' r7,t w. @ nae'
rass Growth an1 Jec,u nv. ''t,,Mv .'''i,,n paoS
evnrything in pntnra IF ,m. f,,h"rs o'' a,,I o'
tivnteJ frrms and m,ia rn,,. I''nu, n,a n,u', Iu
i,,nrova tban, If ,hov f,,,n'In5 ,,Lri, 'n,'
,,,a ,,,,s, hnitI th,,,, ~, r. ,h,. 'Gn3o'',
on aJnnatinn ,y,, ,,ns, hpyo ha,,y, y 5"'''''
Evaru nat;nn s,,,to n,,,',,,',,',i,,' ",sJ, o'o'
class in oommnni,v nns, nrnnrals ". ',' n'''
faII ;nto ;n.i%nit;n.n,.a nd d,-o VS. y, Sooi,
and nro,rroSs ar, ,ur;,ton n,,''n tti, a' u,"m VI
nitv IN ibo orIiclss hat Go ~ 1917 ,L
want. Of ,ha naon,s .nd 70 ron1ppy Supp'y .,i1
hnmes be,ntir5I npd ot,raot;va ''' ''o"
Tha aroaI nhiont of aar,nni,nro
s,lt 10 70 davalDn Gnr, ,ho so,I -, ',' " 10,
1,',,,,i,,, .n1 Wv p>oIin,t ni;' i 90 't ~
tNJ " ~ " t"'''tN VI "oo