Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1881-02-12
high side upats. which AFFORDS well d,ffussd

surface from the row OF windows all around,
the floor Is but insuf1ciently lighted. The pas
sage next to the windows and through the but
trsses will serve for communication and for
regulating the light with shades during sun
shine. Gas burners, with refiectors, viii be
used for the evenings which will throw the light
from the same direction. The great reading room
Is approached from without through Ve5d-
bule. In which are located two grand flights OF
stairs leading TO the second story exhibition
rooms OF graphic art. &c.
THE WINGS CONTRASTING THK BOOK REPOSITORIES
will radiate from the central reading room. 10
the manner shown on the drawing. The
angle spaces are utilized asl open courts.
through which plentiful supply OF light and
air is admitted. These courts will be faced
with white enameled bricks, TO reflect as much
as possible OF the daylight into the windows
which light UP the book corridors. The section
shows one OF the radiating and 1ntersecting
wings, from which will be seen how the light
penetrates and difuseS over the entire space.
In fact al! the available light has been utilized,
and only the roofs Immediately over the book
cases has been covered by close and water
tight copper roof.
1t Is fact that skylightS are, With the best
workmanship and the greatest care Of constfuc-
ton. more or less subject to leaks, and books
should therefore
CNDHR NO CIRCUMSTANCES
be placed beneath skyughts. Perforated oor9
transmit the dust from the upper stories and
greatly reduce the diffusion OF light In the lower
otOiitS, tUe pldllOTInS, tlOOTS ana galleries VIII
therefore be made OF prfSmauc glass floors.
Inc wings are In themselves compartments,
and are provided with iron sliding doors OF
double thickness filed with asbestos, thus
made flre-pr0of. The iron partitions between
che backs OF the books VIII be made fre-pr0oi
10 the same manner, thus reducing the danger
from fire to an actual minimum.
BY THE INTRODUCTION or HAMMER GLASS FLOORS
In the first story, the basement WILL bs made
available for shelving purposes, II desired. In
portion Is used for newspaper files. There Will
DE covered porch opposite to the main en-
trance for wagons to drive under. Boxes. &c,
containing books, &C.. ill be uniOaded onto
platform, from where they Will be put upon
tramway and pushed into the asserting rooms,
where they will be unpaeked and assorted az
cording to their classification and lifted to their
assigned story by dumb waters. Speaking
tubes and telephones Will facilitate matters.
IN THE FRONT WING OF THs FIRST STORY
there will be the offices OF the librarian ana his
clerks, correspondents, accountants, e., for
the administration OF the library and the copy
right department.
In each OF the four corners OF the building
there are square rooms, which may be used for
special reading rooms, or they may be utilized
for special Illustrated works. rare manuscripts
&C., exhibited Ia glass cases.
THE ENTIRE UPPER FLOODS OF THE QUADRANGLE
viii be used for the exhibition OF maps, photo
graphs, chromos, engravIngs and all such
works OF the graphic arts of which our time is
SO prolific. OH paintings are exhibited every
ings bound up possibly in volumes are ex-
tremely rare liberal exhibit of the same
upon folding stands, such as are used In the
Louvre Galleries In Paris, would make them ac-
cessloie 10 all without being exposed to risks.
These large galleries or sh0w-rOoms will have
height OF 80 feet, large windows and sky
Lights, 30 as to afford the greatest amount OF
To avoid the crowdInp or tho many vI-,tor.
the rooms must be continuous and bat one exit
should be provided, so as to control large
throng. The economy OF administration de
mands only one entrance, and that must be 50
arranged as TO oe under strict surveillance OF
Watchmen.
IN SUMMING UP
the leading ''notifs'' may briefly be stated
which guild d Ia the preparation OF this plan:
l. CehtraiHatlon toward the central reading
2. The acquisition OF the greatest amount OF
light possible for all parts OF the building.
3. the pest arrangement for Its Interior En-
pd1SlOn-a. e., TO meet the present demand and
likewise that OF hundred years hence ,rithoM
eIfe7ldi1tO the bui{dinr
4. The accessibility OF all parts of the build.
Ing TO the librarian as well as the visiting pub.
5. The best arrangements for an economical
administration.
+. The division Of the structure into so many
nre- proof and separate compartments.
-
space as near the center e. e.. the central read.
lng, room as possible for the great convenience
and economy or time 10 ali parties concerned.
While ilbr aries for special PURPOSES NAV pre.
sent different and, for their especial needs. BET
Ter arrangements than those which mad the
honor 10 place before you. yet you will pardon
The assertion that, as 1t is the result OF close
observation and study OF this subject for no.
wards or eight years, Ii might deserve your
consideration, especially as some OF the leading
l. DIarlans OF this country and Of the Old world
we're consulted Oh the various and most i'm.
portant points 10 The makeup OF this plan.
common schools and Technicai
EduCAtiOns
Editor StdF:--The system OF apprenticeship
by which the young artisan, years ago, learned
his trade is now matter Of the past, and the
minute division OF labor l5 on the rapid IN
tease, mus going very far Ia proving unfavor-
able TO the technical training OF the workman
or artisan, and to his ability to earn steady
skill In performing single operation. The de.
selopment OF our system of common school
iducation Is also unfavoraole to the
e sinn 4. instruction dct OF boys, monopo-
hg 10 subjects; many OF which are of no
practical value; time part of which ought
o De devoted to Industrial education, including,
& IS found that In the training Of the hand. as
yell as that OF the brain, the maxim, Learn
'oung. learn fair, holds good, and that II the
OF the tfcnn1cal education Is DELAYED
null the ordinary one Is finished the youth.
q the TOO great majority OF cases, will have
ost taste Tor any manual occupation, and Will
prefer the precarious subsistence attached to
. procession, or store clerk to the comfortable
md ncreasing pay of the skilled workman. 1t
s Impossible to er-estimate the Importance
o community OF the posse sson OF adequate
XII Dy It's artisan. ITO learn to work sktllfully
WIN Cne hands ought TO form part and an |
's3entlal one, OF common education" says an |
10 writer. Rich and poor alike should be |
augnt now TO work, for 1t is quite as likely that
ne former Will become poor as that some OF |
ne latter Will become rich; and that ts and |
must always be, shallow education which |
ais 10 prepare man to take care of himself |
nd those dependent on him
Arrangements might be made for classes for |
Working textile fabrics, and for working in |
FOOD, like the common schools OF Gothenburg. |
Ill the BOYS attending, who take turn at the |
'ench every day, or In wood and iron, Ike the |
school in the Rue TOurnefOrd, In |
'ari5. In such schools experience has shown |
hat the efficiency OF the ordinary education Is |
lot impaired by the technical training being |
,arried on at the same time, but that the |
iaflety or occupation causes the former TO |
~ prosecuted with greater ZeSt. BY degrees |
u apprenticeship school might be organized, |
Ike the Municipal Apprentice School. of Paris, |
Which, founded La 1873; had, in 1879 $50 pupils. |
Afler three years training at this school the
majority OF the pupils take up, with confidence |
yorkmeB. The Weaving School, eSta oliShed Ia |
ilasgow, Scotland, as a branch OF the Technt- |
al College there, has been eminently success |
nj; and in the manufacturing and other dis |
rlcts OF England there are several technical |
ollegeS, with the prospect, ere long, OF a con- |