davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Northern tribune. [volume] (Cheboygan, Mich.) 1875-1885, 1881-12-17
How Postage Stamps arc Made.

The number of ordinary postage
stamps issued in 1881 was 954, 128,44O
and value $24,0i0.643. The method Of
printing postage stamps Is as follows:
The printing is done from steel plates
on which 200 stamps are engraved, and
the paper used is of peculiar texture,
somewhat resembling that employed in
bank notes. Two men cover the plates
with cOlOred inks and pass them to a
man and girl who print them with a
large rolling hand press. Three of these
little squads are employed all the time,
although ten presses can be put in Oper-
alton If necessary. The cOlOrs used in
the inks ultra-marine blue, Prussia blue,
chrome yellow and Prussia blue (green),
vermilliOn and carmine.
After the sheets of paper on which the
200 stamps are engraved have been
dried. they are sent into another room
and gummed. The gum used is made
of the powder Of dried potatoes and other
vegetables mixed with water. Gum
arabic is not desirable, because it cracks
the paper badly. The sheets are gum
med separately. They are placed back
upward upon a fiat wooden support, the
edges being protected by a metallic
frame, and the gum is applied with a
wide brush. After having been again
dried, this time on little racks, which
are famed by steam power for about an
hour, they are put in between sheets of
pastebOard, and passed between hydraul-
ic presses capable of applying weight
of 1000 tons.
The sheets are next cut in halves; each
sheet, of course, when cut contains a
hundred stamps. This is done by girl
with large pair of shears, cutting by
hand being preferred to that of ma
chinery, which method would destroy
too many stamps. They are then pass
ed to the perf0rating machine. The
perfOratiOns between the stamps are eff
fected by passing between two cylinders.
provided with series of raised bands
which are adjusted to distance apart
equal to that required between the rows
of perfOratiOns. Each ring on the upper
Cylinder has series of cylindrical pro-
jectiOns, which fit corresponding depres-
siOns i'm the bands of the lower cylinder;
by these the perforatiOns are punched
out, and by a simple continuance the
sheet is detached from the cylinders,
in which it has been conducted by an
endless band. The rows running lOngi-
tudinally of the paper are first made,
and then by similar machine the trans
verse ones. This perforating machine
was invented and patented by a Mr..
Arthur in 1852, and was purchased by
the government for $4,000. The sheets
are next dressed once more, and then
packed and labeled and slowed in anOth-
er room, preparatory to being put up in
mail bags for dispatching to fill orders.
fla single stamp is torn or in any way
mutilated the whole sheet of 100 is
burned. Five hundred thousand are
burned every week from this cause.
The sheets are counted no less than IL
times during the process of manufactur-
ing, and so great is the care taken in
counting that not single sheet has
been lost during the past twenty years.
Scientific Americdn.
Northern tribune. [volume] (Cheboygan, Mich.) 1875-1885, 1881-12-17
To Whom it May Concern.

Notice is hereby given by the under signed
freeholders of the township of Tuscarora. In
the county of Cheooygan, that an application
will be made to the Board of Supervisors, of
said county of Cheboygan, at their next meet
Ing, to be held on the 9th day of January. in
the year, A. D., 1882, to erect and provide for
the organization of new township, to be call
ed the township of Mentor, and to embrace the
following described territory, the same being
a part of said township Of .Tuscarora, to-wit:
Township number thirty-three (33) north of
range three C3) west Township thirty-four (34)
north of range three (s) west.
Dated this END day Of November, A. ID 1882.
M A McHenry VII Near
w III watkins George Frankstin
II q Graves Frank n Hart
f d Bachelor Geo ID Niles
Chas III Giles Samuel l. Reyes
w Lampher Geo W Barnes
+ weber Albert wheeler
John Bader EuFene wheeler
John Carter Edwin wheeler
J II Andrews Ell Sagcr
] w Peck OS Dice
Dustan MARI W Finn
II Kinert warren Mckee
jackson Corey Orrin Cox
Albert Corey Edward Hollnbargh
l. q Baohelder Daniel McKillop
Geo ID Richards ID @ Dunlap
Philander Pike # X Honler
A w Eek
Northern tribune. [volume] (Cheboygan, Mich.) 1875-1885, 1881-12-17
To Whom it May Concern.

Notice is hereby given by the undersigned
freeholders Of the township of Tuscarors, in
the county of Cheboygan that an application
will be made to the Board of Supervisors Of
ing to be held on the 9th day of January i'm
the year A. D., 1882, to erect and provide for
the organization of a new township to be call
ed the township of Nunda, and to embrace the
following described territory, to-wit: Town
ship number thirty-three (33D north of range
two 2l west, the same being now part of said
township of Tuscarora.
Dated this 22d day Of November. A. d., 1881.
Northern tribune. [volume] (Cheboygan, Mich.) 1875-1885, 1881-12-17

Il
There is abundant evidence that the
amount of water on the surface of the
earth has been steadily diminishing for
many thOusads of years. No one doubts
that there was a time when the Caspian
sea communicated with the Black sea,
and when the Mediterranean covered the
greater part of the Desert of Sahara. In
fact, biologists tell us that at one period
the whole of the earth was covered by
water, and the fact that continents of
dry land now exist is proof that there is
less water on our globe now than there
was In its infancy. This diminutiOn of
our supply of water is going on at the
present day at rate 80 rapid as to be
clearly appreciable. The rivers and
smaller streams of our Atlantic States
are visibly smaller than they were
twenty-five years ago. Country brooks
in which men now living were accus-
toned to fish and battle in their boy
hood have in many cases totally disap-
peared, not through any act of man, but
solely in consequence of the failure Of
the springs and rains which once fed
them. The level of tho great lakes is
falling year by year. There are many
piers on the shores of lakeside cities
which vessels once approached with case,
but which now hardly reach the edge of
the water. HarbOrS are everywhere
growing shallOwer. This is not due to
the gradual deposit of earth brought
down by the rivers or of refuse from
city sewers. The harbOr Of Toronto has
grown shallow In spite of the fact that
1t has been dredged out so that the bot
tom rock has been reached, and all the
dredgeing which can be done to the har-
Dor of New York will not permanently
deepen it. The growing shallOwness Of
the Hudson is more evident above Albany
than it is in the tide-water region, and,
like the outlet of Lake Champlain, which
was once navigable by Indian canoes at
ut all seasons, the upper Hudson is now
almost bare of water in many places
during the Summer. In all other parts
of the world there is the same steady de-
crease of water in rivers and lakes, and
the rainfall in Europe, where scientific
observations are made, is manifestly less
than 1t was at period within mans
memory. What is becoming of our
water? Obviously it is not disappearing
through evaporation, for in that case
rains would give back whatever water
the atmosphere might absorb. We must
accept the theory that, like the water in
the moon, our water is sinking into the
earth's interior. r..-
Northern tribune. [volume] (Cheboygan, Mich.) 1875-1885, 1881-12-17
to say | have frequented that locality"

70 say I have ffequented th8t locality.
II am reminded" said Mr.. Lincoln,
"of an incident that occurred in the old
ShawnsetOwn Court House. An old
woman who was real hard case was a
witness, and the lawyer, bound to get
even, asked her, Are you virtuOus
woman, MADAME? She was slightly
surprised, and said, That sir, is very
hard question to ask lady who is a
witness before public court He rose
and repeated the question sternly. She
still evaded 1t; but when he persisted she
finally answered: This much will say;
that I have great respect for the institu-
ton" A. Croft IN Pioneer Press.
Northern tribune. [volume] (Cheboygan, Mich.) 1875-1885, 1881-12-17

ii. NJ. 81 P. Hampstead offers great in
ducements in holiday goods.
Ladies' BalmOral and Felt skirts in
great variety at Hempstead's.
A few pairs of fine California Wool
blankets, an excellent Christmas pres
ent, at Hempstead's.
Huntsville gazette., 1881-09-10
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.


The fossil remains of prehistoric
man have been found at Carabacel, near
Nice. =
Prof. S. P. Langley maintains that
the total quantity Of heat poured upon
the earth by the sun is much greater
than is generally supposed.
"A report of salt manufactures has
been prepared by w. l.. Rowland for
the census. Twenty years ago, New
York furnished 80 per cent. of the to-
tai production, while in 1880 she made
80 per cent. and Michigan produced
Al "a per cent.
DIR. A.. B. Isham, Professor of Ma
terra Medica and Therapeutics in the
Cincinnati College of Medicine and Sur
gerry, describes in the Anericas Journat
OF the Medical Sciences a peculiar ante
mortem odOr encountered in many cases
at variable period before the fatal re-
suit. In one case he noticed it thirty
three hours before death. The smell is
analogous to musk, but is rather more
pungent and less diffusible. He is in
clined TO attribute the phenomenon to
the liberation of ammonia and the pc
culiar volatile oil fatty acid) which
gives the blood its odor, this liberation
being caused by the diminishing vitality
Of the blood.
"A patent has, recently been taken
out for means of steering a ship by
electricity. The apparatus is the inven-
ton of Mr.. w. F. King, an Edinburgh
electrician, and was recently tried on
board steamer sailing between Glas-
gov and London. Its object is to dis
pense with helmsman, and make the
compass itself steer the ship. For this
purpose the compass card is fitted with
an index which is set to the true course,
and one degree on either side of the true
course two metal contact pins are adj
justed; each pin is connected to a single
Daniel cell, and when the ship deviates
as much as degree from her course to
one side or the other the index comes
into contact with one or other metal pin.
The result is that positive or negative
current flows and actuates a hydraulic
apparatus which works the helm.
"A new industry or manufacture has
been undertaken in England, namely,
the production of paint from steel scale,
corrosion in any position and in any eli
mate. The scale for this purpose is that
which falls from the metal as it passes
specfa mac6nery at Until tlhi It becomes I az
free from grit as flour, and then it is in
termixed with boiling oil and coloring
matter. The paint is of two kinds--the
anti-corrosive, for use above water to
prevent structures from rusting, and the
anti-fouling, for use under water, to pre-
vent animal and vegetable life from at
taching themselves to ships bottoms
and other iron work. tits claimed that,
if painted with two coats of the compo-
sition, vessel may go to India or Aus
tralia and return with clean bottom;
the anti-corrosive covering, it is also as
serted, is much more effectual for blast
furnaces than gas tar.
Huntsville gazette., 1881-09-10

camped, and made the arrest without oppo-
sition. The command then went into camp
few miles distant, where they were short
'y afterwsrd visited by some scouts from
the Indian camp, evidently for no good
purpose. Capt. Hentig ordered them to
leave. While doing so the Indians turned
and fired, killing Capt. Hentig instantly.
The fight then became general. The troops
formed in skirmish line, driving the In
dians back some distance. The fight be-
gan at o'clock and lasted nearly three
hours, until darkness, when the In
dians drew off toward their own camp.
Beside Capt. Hentig, seven men were killed
and several wounded. Gen. Carr, not be-
ing satisfied that ne. could hold his position,
then started on forced march to the Fort,
where he arrived in safety with his COM
mand. Subsequently the hostiles ap-
preached the Fort and fired into party
burying the dead, driving them into the in
closure, and then fred into the post from
the bluffs. Couriers were sent out to Fort
Thomas for reinforcements, which were
promptly dispatched. The hostiles are
swarming about the Fort and committing
general depredations.
IMMENSE damage has been done by
brush fires in Ontario, Canada. The villages
of Nigo and Elmsdale are destroyed. In the
Upter Grove district twenty families
were burned out, and in the vicinity Of New
Lowell many barns and other buildings were
burned. Prayers for rain have been offered
in all the churches.
THE total loss of life by the founder
ing of the Teuton at the Cape Of Good Hope
is placed at 1856.
AvOOB KHAN has issued a proclama-
tion saying that he had abandoned his in
tention Of fighting the Ameer and was about
to fight the English. To this end he invited
all persons having weapons belonging to the
Government to consider them their own on
condition of their joining his standard i'm
mediately.
The Nihilist organ VIII of the People
has made its appearance in ST. Petersburg.
A FIRE at Tuscola, H., on the 9th,
destroyed the entire business portion of the
city west of the Illinois Central Railroad
track. The entire loss by the conflagration
is variously estimated at from 200 to
| 100000; the insurance is probably one third
of that amount The railroad tracks were
so badly twisted by the heat as to delay the
passage of trains for several hours. During
the excitement caused by the fire gang OF
about fifty tramps began pillaging. The
militia company was called out and, armed
with ropnlvars and clnhs. drove them from
the town.
/ THE census of India has been COM
pleted, and shows population of 252, :
1000.
MORE rioting has occurred in Liner
ick, Ireland. The police fired upon the
mob, but without fatal result. The soldiers
subsequently charged and dispersed the
crowd, who used stones and other missiles
freely.
A GENERAL court-martial has been
ordered to convene at Fort Davis. Texas,
Sept. 10, for the trial of Lieut.. Flipper,
charged with embezzling 200 of Govern
ment funds.
Huntsville gazette., 1881-09-10
CONDENSED TELEGRAMS.

THE Presidents condition was still
to ia and temperature slightly above nor
nal. The attending physicians predicted
marked improvement in their patient with
in few days. Drs. Reyburn, Barnes and
Woodburn have withdrawn from the case,
at the express desire Of the President, as
stated, who thought he chad too many doc
tors.''
The movement inaugurated by Gov
ernor Hoyt, Of Pennsylvania, appointing
Tuesday, the 9th, as a day Of fasting and
prayer for the recovery of President Gar
field, was generally observed throughout
that State and several others.
The west-bound express train on the
Chicago & Alton Railroad was again robbed
by masked highwaymen. about O'Clock on
the evening of the 7th, at point midway
between Independence and Glendale, Mo-,
about fourteen miles east of Kansas City,and
within two miles Of the same spot as the eel
ebrated Glendale robbery Of October 8, 1879.
The train was brought to- stand-still by
signaling, and distractions were also placed
upon the track. The robbers were masked
and arme with Henry rifles. They num-
bered from twelve to fifteen, as variously es-
timated. A guard was placed over the en-
gineer and fireman, while an entrance was
forced iLto the express car, the messen-
ger, Fox, knocked down, and the Safe
robbed of its contents. Others of the gang
meanwhile went through the passenger
coaches relieving the inmates Of their money
and other yaluables. Nearly all of the pas
sengers lost something, many large amounts.
There were about 100 passengers on the
train, but they were completely terrorlzed
and none made any show of resistance.
The whole affair occupied about ten min
utes' time, during which period constant
fusilade was kept up with guns and pistols.
After the robbers had departed and the track
was cleared, the train continued on to lnde-
pendence and Kansas City, at both OF which
places posses were hastily organized to give
chase to the daring marauders. The Ex-
press Company's loss has not been MADE
nublic. but it is believed to be several thou
sand dollars, at the least. The mails were
not molested.
ARCHBISHOP HENNI, of Milwaukee,
is dead, aged 76. He was the upbuilder OF
the CathOilc Cnurcn VI tHe Noi oioh"eSo, anu
was a man of great learning, energy and
goodness.
THE trial of Rev. DIR. II. w. Thomas,
late pastor of the Centenary NJ. E. Church
at Chicago. for heresy, begun at Chicago on
the 9Th.
GEN GRANT attended the. reunion OF
of the 127th Regiment Illinois Volunteers at
the Palmer House, Chicago, on the evening
OF the 9th, and nude very brief speech.
VEsuyIus is in state of ERUPTION.
Huntsville gazette., 1881-09-10
PITH AND POINT.

Poverty, idleness, and honesty new
er travel together.-Josh Billings.
1t takes a good deal of hard digging
to clear away mortgages from farm.
N. 0. Picayune.
The pleasantest way to 60 to pic
mic is to oversleep and miss the train
-Boston Post.
1t isn't because a woman is exactly
afraid of cow that she runs away and
screams. 1t is because gored dresses
are not fashionable.-NeaO HdCen Reg
ister.
There is man in st. Louis who
has wonderful memory. 1t is thought
the city will eventually employ him to
remember the Sabbath.-Loutsrttte
C01uler-J0mn0t.
Some men, when they 60 to church,
never think of studying the frescoing on
the ceiling of the edifice until the collec-
ton plate is being passed around.-Et-
mira AdUerttser.
-u Youth at the prov and pleasure
at the helrn,'' as the bumble-bee re-
marked when he up-ended himself on
the boy who was just stirring up the
nest with a Observation-Disclosures
Ha1Ckeye.
When rural resort landlord thinks
a CITY man is putting on too many airs,
he merely says, as he hands him the
kew to his room at night, "Be careful to
turn out the gas don't blow it out."--
PhtladclpttG Netcs.
Private Smith thus complained to his Col
onel: ,,
"This weather to you may seem volonel'
But, my work being done
In the heat of the some,
To me 1t seems simply infolonel"
Mr.. Alcott told the Concord Sum-
mer School of Philosophers that "Actu-
alitv is the Thingness of the Here" The
information almost paralyzed them.
For years they had been laboring under
the misapprehension that the hereness
Of the actuality is the thing. But it IS
no such thing -Noristoac7a Herald.
Gus De Smith is not very promptin
paving his debts. He is also in the hab-
It OF getting shaved on the credit system.
YESTERDAY, he was in the barber-shop
oettinp shaved, but somehow he did not
enioy It very much, for his chin was
bleeding in several places. "What in
the Hades is the matter with that razorF
/ reckon it has not been sharpened in an
age,'' said Gus. 81 dunno what's dc
matter wild de razor, sab. l always
shaves you wild de same razor, and |
sharpened dis heah razor on de berry
same day you paid me for de last shave,
and jess as soon as you makes anudder
payment Ill sharpen it up some NOAH"
Ieplied the tonsorial artist Teras Sttt-
| otgs.
Huntsville gazette., 1881-09-10

The sharpness of outline and the
bright color Of the brown spot which
has been so long visible on Jupiter has
enabled astronomers to deduce from
nearly LOO rotations that the length of
Jupiter's days are 9 hours, 90 minutes,
Sc seconds.
Huntsville gazette., 1881-09-10

According to Herr Fuchs's annual
report on the subject of volcanic erup-
tions, the activity of volcanoes n 1880
was rather small; the only remarkable
eruption was that of Mauna Loa, on the
island Of Hawaii, on Nov. 5.
Huntsville gazette., 1881-09-10
LONG BRANCH, N. j., Jept. 6.

LONG BRANCH, n. j., Jept. g.
The train bringing President Garfield ar
rived here at 1:1O p. m. The President bore
the journey apparently without fatigue, and
is at this hourQ :45) at his room in the cottage,
receiving bath. The only stoppage made
ep route was at Bayview, where the wound
was dressed. The weather is delightful
thermometer s4, with slight breeze from
the land.
A squad of regular troops from Governors
Island have arrived and are acting as guard
about the cottage, TO prevent unnecessary
intrusion.
Eureka daily sentinel. [volume] (Eureka, Nev.) 1871-1887, 1881-12-29
ON THE DOCK.

Tho first stern effort to restrain Guiteau
was made yesterday. After he had
threatened to slap the officers of the
Court IN the face, Judge Cox ordered
him to the dock. This so excited the
wretch that he became nearly distracted
with rage, and called down curses on
Porter's head. This stopper IN Guiteau's
mouth should probably have been ap.
Piled long ago. Judge Cox has been
severely criticized for allowing the
prisoner to vent his spleen upon wit
nosses whose testimony bore against him,
in coarse insult. Judge Cox, however,
ia not unaware of the criticisms, nor
does he relish them. In an interview
with q correspondent Of the New York
Herald he stated that he had given
Guiteau all tho latitude possible. for
prudential reasonsi that the case was
peculiar. in fact. without a parallel in
the history Of jurisprudence. and that he
wished the people of the country, as well
as the prisoners jurors and the daily
audience, to see what sort of a creature
he is, More than this, that whereas he
was to be blamed for granting him some
latitude, il, on the other hand, he cur.
tailed his freedom to participate in the
case a his own attorney, he
would be still more severely criticised.
and that such sympathy might thereby
be excited in the public for the accused
as to place him in the light of n i'm
posed upon because helpless and denied
the privileges Of the ordinary criminal.
Further than this, the world is looking
on at this trial. We want the world to
see too that even Guiteau will be allowed
rather to infringe upon Court proprie.
ties than be cut off from any advantages
that our law contemplates the meanest
offender may enjoy. When this line of
indulgence and decency has been clearly
overstepped the prisoner should be
docked. and he has been locked. There
is a double impression gaining ground,
that he is insane and that he will never
theless be hanged. If the wretch should
be proved insane, hereafter, Judge Cox
will not be blamed for indulging him on
that score. While his sanity is in ques.
ton it would be well to give the Judge
as well as the prisoner the sympathy
that comes Of the doubt.