Morning journal and courier. [volume] (New Haven [Conn.]) 1848-1894, 1881-03-02

nineteen inches, diameter of cylindrical part
fifteen inches. Total weight of boiler
pumps and connections, six hundred and sew
enty pounds (Remark on 100 lbs. to P
The foundation plate on which the boiler is
built is of cast iron, one end forming drip
pan for the pump, the other end beinga plate
upon which the ashes are raked. The ash
pit, which is also of cast iron, is provided
with seven CRATE bars. The two end ones are
fixed. forming part of the casting. The re-
NAMING ave are triangular in form and are
capable of revolving in bearings. The OBJ
iect of this arrangement is to enable the man
in charge of the boiler to break mp the clink-
ers and shake out the ashes while the boiler is
at work without drawing the fire. This is
accomplished by simply shipping a crank on
to the square end of each bar and revolving
it as long as may be necessary to break up
and get rid of the clinkers. When, however,
it is necessary to put out the fire these bars
may be drawn from their place, allowing the
whole contents of the CRATE to fall into the
ash pit below. This is great improvement
on the. ordinary arrangement If it be de-
sired to supply the fire with natural
draught the ash pit door will be unshipped.
If, on the other hand, it be desired to supply
forced draught, this door win be left in its
place and the air forced by blower through
a hole cut in the side of the ash pit. The
fire rings which enclose the lower end of the
coil, and which are of cast iron, support the
sheet iron casing and fire clay which sur
rounds the upper part of the coil. The up
per fire ring is also provided with fire clay.
The object of this clay is to prevent radia-
ton of heat.
The smoke ring which caps the casing is
of cast iron and completes the she'll The
coil, which in fact is the boiler, is made of
three-quarter inch (internal diameter) extra
strong wrought iron pipe about one-eighth
inch thick eighty seven feet IN length. 1t
rests upon provisions cast in the ash pit.
The lower end of the pipe passes to the out
side of the shell through hole, one-haf of
which is the ash pit and the other half in the
fire ring above. it. This end of the pipe is
connected with the delivery side of the circu-
lating pump, the action of which we will pres
emily describe.
The upper end of the coil isconnected with
a wrought iron pipe five inches in diameter
and twenty-five inches long, which we call
the stand pipe. Suspended from the smoke
ring is hopper which occupies the space
within the coil This hopper, when the
plies the fire as in base-burning stove. 1t
has been. made In various ways. Experiments
have been made on cast iron hoppers. Also
ON hoppers the upper part of which were
made of sheet iron, the lower end being
tipped with fire clay and with other material
But in every case it was found that the lower
end burned out very rapidly since it was sub
iected to the most intense heat of the fire
and this heat is very great when the blower
is used. Finally it has been decided to en-
ploy hopper the end of which is cased IN
a coil made of pipe of the same diameter as
that of which the boiler is formed. This coil
is kept full of water and is connected with
the boiler, forming, in fact, part of the cir
culation. Fszsss@
Two objects are gained by the use of this
hopper. First, the heating surface of the
boiler is considerably increased; and second
ly, on account of the coil being constantly
full of water, it is impossible for the end of
the hopper to burn out, Notwithstanding that
it is subjected to very high temperature.
We have an important increase of power,
without enlarging the dimensions or mater
tally increasing the weight of the boiler.
The stand pipe. which rests upon the fire
ring and is bolted to the smoke ring, is res
ervoir of water and steam. It is provided
with steam and water gauges, safety valve,
whistle and blow cock, and the lower end
connects with the suction sides of the circu-
lating pump. Attached to the stand pipe is
an automatic pump, the object of which is
to maintain the water level and at the same
time circulate the water through the coil,
thereby increasing the evaporative efficiency
of the boiler. This pump is very ingen-
ious device and has been patented by Mr..
Mather, who after many experiments has
brought it to high state of perfection. 1t
is provided with Blake steam cylinder and
valve, which insure its constant action as
long as thereis steam.
The valve for regulating the admission of
steam to the upper and lower sides of the
piston is a piston valve designed by Messrs.
Blake, of Boston, whose pumps are well
known.
Mr.. Mather has placed the valve box on
the top of the cylinder, in order to produce
symmetrical appearance and at the same time
to economic space, the ordinary Blake valve
being placed on the side of the cylinder,
which is in horizontal position.
Attached to the piston rod cross head are
three pumps-one, already referred to, a cir
culating pump, which draws the water from
the stand pipe and delivers it into the coil at
every stroke, thereby preventing the pipe
from burning out. The speed of this pump
is regulated SO that at least eight times as
much water as can possibly be evaporated is
driven through the coil. The automatic
feeding is maintained by two pumps, one, a
hotIwater pump, which takes the water out of
the boiler when it is above the proper
level ; and the other cold water pump,
which pumps fresh water into the boiler
when it is below the right level. When the
operation of this pump is explained it will be
seen that the water can never rise much above
or fall much below the proper level, so that
practically very little water is pumped out
of the boiler, and that which is pumped out
overhows into the tank and warns the feed
water, thereby preventing a loss of heat.
The action of these pumps, together with
the valves, will be understood by reference
to the accompanying diagram.
(Here follows description OF the pump,
and also general description of the boiler
and attachments, describing the operation of
getting steam, etc., etc.
1t will be readily seen that the pumps COM
posing the automatic feed may be attached to
any kind of boiler, and may be made widely
available feed which is automatic and al
ways reliable is absolutely necessary in
boiler of this type in which the water area is
small because if the feeding were irregular it
would not be many minutes before the boiler
became either filed with water or entirely
emptied. 1t will also be seen that forced
circulation of the water through the coil is
necessary.
In coil boilers in which there is simply a
natural circulation, the pipe burns out very
quickly. The reason of this is obvious The
water which is in the coil is very rapidly
turned into steam of high pressure, which
the area and prevents any more
water getting in This fact is illustrated
every time we get up steam, before the
pump is started. We commence by pump
ing by hand cold water into the stand pipe
and coil AS long as no heat is applied the
water remains at the same level in the stand
pipe and coil. But very soon af-
ter the fire is lighted, steam is gem
Grated and the water which is
in the coil is driven into the stand pipe.
This is simply because the steam is generated
in the coil. Hence the forced circulation of
the water through the coil Isl necessary part
of the arrangement.
It is found that it takes about one tenth of
a horse power to drive the pumps which
compose the automatic feed and that which
circulates the water through the boiler, and
It is very easy to see that this power is very
wisely expended on account of the increased
efficiency which is given to the heating sur
lace by bringing large volume of water in
contact with it, and also because on account
IF the pipe being kept full of water it can
not get red hot, and will therefore last con-
'iderably longer than it would otherwise.
The forced circulation undoubtedly pre-
rents deposit of scale, the sediment being |
swept through the coil and lodged in the |
,tand pipe, at the lower end of which it is |
blown out. "A boiler made of |
lalf-inch pipe, about so feet long, which has |
been in constant use for two months and IN |
which at least thirty tons of water have been |
was found In good condition.
The pipe contained about one-ninth of a |
;ubic foot. and during the evaporation of the |
water an amount of sediment had passed |
through the boiler which would have filed |