davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
markets there Ia prospect that France will produce
more than enough to satisfy her consumption
FOREIGN NOTES.
Vhh isA'iAN sNC As.Ss
LnSnnS- MelneadaY. Inne Is. 9

LONDON. Wednesday. June l5 1881.
The United States steamer Galena has arrived al
Lisbon
The introduction OF the Journal des De6dS into Turkey
has been forbidden.
Several thousand worlrmeu are on a strike in stock
holm, and riots are feared
The London telegraph operators employed by the
Government have decided 20 cease working overtime on
the 27th inst. preliminary step obtain redue-
tlon Of their hours of service
Another death has occurred in consequence of the ex'
poson Of the boiler o the donkey engine on the deck of
the steamer city ~ Rome Of the lnnAn Line, just
before She vas Launched Yesterday.
A Paris dispatch 10 The Time says: "The Government
will Introduce bill In the Chambers assigning an nd-
dtionai deputy to each ~ provincial arrondi---
mrnt-, and seven Partisan ACCOMPLISHMENTS ~ncA now
have over 100000 population"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
OBSTACLES TO SUCCESS.

.RsyNryEIsM--TARDY BAILOIINC-LACko OF Nh
Albany June I5.-The supporters OF Inc A'''illIs
trat;on would make greater progress IL thcy coulu
accomplish three things; m
E;,st-To hind themselves not TO make pairs. Inc
sresrnt appearances are that with all that has oeeh
sad upon this subject the pairing next saturday anu
Monday will continue just as 1t has been before
Senator Forster has not apparently released himself
from his astounding six months par Win senator
kstor and was absent under 1T to-day SlA das "t
real balloting each week would soon brng the mem
bcrs into frame of mind for action
Second-To bind themselves 10 take at least two
ballots for each term each day. This IS course
which Administration men on all sides agree would
DC good one but no one takes the hrSt step io"-ru
il.
TR1d-To bring together the Administration men
who are now scattering their votes among various
hopeless candidates IL must be said for the leaders
Of the Administration party that they have
labored long aud earnestly to bring tins
about. and have done perhaps as much as
they could accomplish with the matciid! at
their command. Probably no more inpracticab!c
and difficult set Of men was ever found III a small
body than the scattering Republicans in this Lcsis
ature Those who are sincere IN their
support of the Administration are, neyerthe-
st in the success Of the candidate who can
oever be elected, to give aid and comfort 10 the
Conkling side by keeping up divisions among
friends of the Administration The best representa-
tyes Of tins class are such senator Schroeder
Of Brooklyn; Senator Davenport and Mr.. Hamilton,
Of ofNew-Yorl aud Mr.. Root, of Monroe, and others
who eonld be named.
Ali these men are undc-e.oOd 10 acknowledge that
II Mr. Depew had received majority vote IN Re
publican caucus they would be chccrfuiy voting
Tor him. but because he has not received caucus
nomination they persist i'll voting for some personal
choice, thus promoting the deadlock ard
PLAYING into Conklmgs hands. 1T is pos
abe that Mr. Depew cannot he elected, and
yet 1t would seem that, under the circumstances,
these gentlemen owed to the Administration and
the party TO give him all the votes of the true friends
Of the Administration and draw the line bet wecn is
friends and enemies. If this Legislature should ad-
0um without electing Senators the responsibility
Of these men would bc only second 10 that OF the
Ccnkling members themselves.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
NEW-YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE I6, 1891.

that Senator Sessions used that money four days
later TO brbe Bradley
The second witness was Mr. Wemple cashier OF
the New-York State National Bank here. lie had
brought with him by direction Of the Committee
statement of Edwards's bank account When Mr..
Bangs and Mr. Rosendale, Bradey's counsel, had
put their heads together over it, Mr. Bangs cleyerly
conccalinc his disappointment, manifested consider
able Indifference to the object. BY request of the
counsel for Senator Sessions the account was
read and was found 10 consist of inst
such beggarly array Of items as might be looked
for in the bank account If q curhstone lobbyist.
who picks up odd jobs here and there. now and
then makes hit by the exercise Of unoeasing
watchfuncsA and eternal impudencc, and is frugal
well NJ cunning. Most e th" amounts were such
n might appear in any small bank account. Only
one attracted attention 10y the size Of the
amount aud the recent date. This
deposit for 5000 made some time in
Nav, after the Senators had rcsirucd. Mr..
Bangs asked. with the slightly hopeful air Of
a man who thourh he might have found something
at last. whether Mr. Wcmplc remembered the form
of that deposit He said hc did j; in the form
Of q check drawn hy q man named Dickson. At this
n Significant smile ran around the room. being
hroadcs among the newspaper correspondents and
Mr.. Bangs dropped the subject Dickeon was the
promoter ot the Beach Pneumatic Transit Hill, one
of the most recent measures with which money IL
/ generally understood 10 have been used and
no one among wcll-iniormcd persons needed
10 he told the to which the
$1,000 had been put. Or perhaps it would be safer
10 say the us. for which il was intended consider
inc the reputation Mr.. Edwards enjoys man
who promotes legislative purity by getting money
for the corruptinr OF members, and then putting it
in his own pocket
he lqsfyt ~ AGO i T. ~ NpUur
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16

LONpoS, june lj.-ln the House Of Commons to-
day, the Right Hon Joseph fhambcrlaln President
of the Bo3r of Trade speaking on behalf of the Gov
eminent, expressed his approval of th" principle oi
a bill introduced hy Mr.. Anderson Adganced LIB
eral, member for Glasgow. for amending the Patent
laws in the sense Of large reduction in fees and the
extension of the timo Of patents in imitation Of the
American s., stem. llr said the Government would
Ice glad Ia lcgslatc upon the subject az the earliest
possible moment. but IL wonld bee impossible to DO
az this c.~iou OF Parliament. All the sp-1Arf' on
the subject dWclt upon the cii,.f of the American
patent >t stem IN fostering If.tI... JOINS.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
SOME CONKLING SCHEMES.
A LEGISLATIVE RECESS PROPOsED-A CONKIING
MAN WHO THINKS HIS CHIEF WILL SWEEP TuE
sTATr-rx-MARsIIAL PAYN ALSO HOPEFUL

A LEGISLATIVE RECESS PROrOsED-A c0NKIING
MAN WHO THINKS HIS CHIEF WILL SWEEP TuE
srATE-Ex-MARsHAL PAYS ALSO HOPEFUL
lBY TELEGRAPH TO THE TRIBUSEl
Albany, June l5.-A new suggestion is floating
about the Capital, which is believed TO emanatc
from the Conkling managers. II is observed as a
coincidence that it appears in Speaker Sharpe =
home organ at Kingston. 1t is that the Legislature
shall take a until the Investigating Commit
tee shall have completed its work. IL is said both
by Speaker Sharpe's organ and by Conkling men
here that the legal objection could be overcome in
this way The Legislature might first obtain an
unofficial but distinct understanding with
the Governor that he could rccOuveuc the
body rs soon as the Investigating Committee
had finished its work. and with that stipulation
adjourn sine die. The point that the Legislature
has authority under the law to take a could
not then be raised. The object Of the Conkling
men is plain enough, they want an adjournment at
any cost or bv any method. Even a month would
give them some time which to frame plans to de-
feat the election of any but Anti-Admini,tration
Senators. and when they had once got the Legisla-
tue adjourned it might not be difficult
20 find reason for delaying the recon
yening. The Committee could accomplish it
by prolonging its inquiries indefinitely or by taking
recesses And when the Committee had exhausted
the possibilities of delay the matter would he abso
mtely in the Governors hands, and the Legisla ure
wond De helpless unless he chose to call II together
Wherever the scheme has been talked Of by
friends of the Administration it has been de
bounced as an invention of tho enemy. 1t Is
Regarded too as q proof that one great object
OF the so-called investigation is to make delay
The Conkling men want to break down the strong
est Administration candidate, if they can by any
means. They want also by keeping up dust OF
suspicion to hold back from him the votes of tinid
nembers, aud lastly they want TO use this new and
efective machinery for firing out the Legislature TO
lie fullest extent. They know that as long there
na greenhorn from the country 10 go on the stand
and tell his talks with lobbyists, they can keep the
nsnder mill going. These are the real reasons for
Vie existence of the Bradley Committee.
A sANCUINE coSKIING MAN.
An intimate friend of Mr.. Conkling gave still
smother version Of his plans to-day lie said that
= the Legislature adjourned without electiug it
veoid net DO reconvened at all, either before the
seekaon or sfterward. This was not said with ref
sace TO the planjust stated hut with reference to
sonielity that the Legislature, after getting
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
FOREIGN NEWS.
FRANCO-ITALIAN RIVALRY.
LOYDOY June lj.-A dispatch from Rome to Tic
DdiIH Netrs saYs:

LONDON June lj-A dispatch from Rome to The
Daily Aers says
In consequence ~ the appointment of NJ Roustan me
French Minister at Tuu- as the medium of coinlnuhca
ton between the Tuuisan Governucnt ana the repre-.
sentatiVe- Of the Powers. the Italian Ambassador NJ
London has made fresh Oycrtures 20 England Tor comph
action In the Tuuisin question; but these Lac the
former overturcs. have failed.
Paris dispatch to The Times says:
Italy las been forced tu recall temporarily In appear
ancc, Snor Mlcco. H. political agent n Iun-, un a'
count Of NJ k"usttn IMPERATIVE coinmnnicn'"n I" he
representative 90 r Powers that h' bad been lr-ic
by thc NrY ~tth the direction ~ relations between them
and the Tuuisian Government
The decree Of the Governor of Algeria forhlddlng
the natives TO possess arms except boy special per-
mission, !, Thought 90 indicate that the authorities
fear that The disorders in oran. which st continue
viii assume greater proportions.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16

PEoyIprNCv. r. l., June lj.-M to-i1y's
session ~ the An ricln Railway Master i chIhir AZ
socatln James 81 Boon. of Fort Wayu.. Ind reported
f,r ,i tt... ,f the t.t means %. pro lIciug cnn-
ll-ti m of DOB iftiuirYu- coi. u i"cpmottrA Tue report
ea,- that tvo thing OBJ Vita i.l" lance i1r o., ""
i.l ,.i .rf,i,t tr-. ill. tI nlfh plenty ui h,tt-
-ttrf.,, and aIi ui...fs'''" iu hftfNru ".
W,,l, k n NrW trf-ty. for thr commute" un 30" -t
49,, M trurtluu 81 locomotives, reported fArf i0r
.,rr. t,,,,u.,r service, TIE Am .leau eight ueJ
farm. lis tit,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
ElNN IEAsLhANr SENTLNcED.

WINDSOR. VI, june l5.-SiaS VI. Waite, eH-
pr.-,u ol thr !f-t Natoual BIrs of Brittieboro IN
th. United state. Colt ths morning pleaded sHy 20
tie r.f nl fourth count of the fri uicirent ,bS
Gosttuuau' Officials uHd,r the Anfioh ntnNiar Inn,
and Ra~ -cni".. .cl Dos j1agr Nhe'"l 10 eN 49,
nr..nnulcnt Do lAe I0Nsy " loIIrcIIuH.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
ElEGE uiNING TRANSACTION.

SALT LAKE CRY, june l5.-lhe Golden n, II, ~
.,, ,f inl,.es Jn ,Ae SOrh Fox ol sA~.on
r -, fn, county, Idaho, ycrc ur' 'a.ea lSsn ~ at AZ
Hb r'fIIil,ts yesterday. lhr pligI ,t,srxprsted
r,t iI"r, lngllsh capital ~II be in'es'ed ]" ''~
Oi Idaho.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16

LONDON Jun. lG.-A Paris dispatch to me
s,,,f.i -ar.: IA. appearance oi th" er'"i"; "'''t
i.nanlrlnI. and rtoai,'sa superb crop toF ih "f-'
ti,e ,cc An. fra wheat began 10 enter tAe tF1IeA
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
FATAL DISCHARGE OF A PISTOL

While George F. KicSel was cleaning loaded
revolver last night. al bis home, No 307 Nnthayc he
weapon discharged and bullet entered his boiy
IIc iod In Few moments from the effects ~ the wound
Mr. Kicscl was thirtylye years old His family as
scrts that the shooting accidental.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
muE TURMOIL AT ALBANY.
,,orrNG AND ALLEGED BRIBERY.

BALLoTING AND ALLEGED DhinhHri KID nrprw
yv,y TO WIN THE SENATORIAL . h'No.s
,,,. nay OF NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
ra.srs OF LIFE AT ALBANY MADE PObi'O'
NV Administration Republicans have ap-
Inc oxacutive committee of ten MEM
p0n - act for them in the penuing contest
peH on,;se " that would result iii the election
Apam eomp and Dcpew is the subject OF informal
o. ooc,.-o,ion. Some Conkiing men are III faVor
ecnAI Iaa;slative recess, but the proposal Is
Oh IA With distrlist. Messrs. Sessions ana
Ts"ny testified before the special Conin'''1
I' ar;bery yesterday. The evidence disc'oSe'
on rbases of life in Albany, but was
s''"y ~ main unimportant. There were ten
ua,nres In the balloting yesterday MI UonA-
ling lost one vote
,,vp.RATIONS FOR DECISIVE ACTION
rvrcr,TIvE COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY l"N
ADMINISTRATION MEN-rRo sPECrs OF A CUM
PROMISE. .,,. -,,,,,.,.1
H.. Irne 15.-The Administration confer
Als1 ;,bt which was largely attended, took pos
49, action which may have important results ~"
NV u,;,o committee of ten was appointed as loI-
Senators ~
,iu,oep Chiekcrng Turck c. H. RUSSELL
eostsr Low, Raincs and Hickman. This commit
- ,,s was appointed IN response to the suggestion i,
-, .ome Of the anti-Conkling stalwarts that the
,., n.asw men we're understood to bo insisting
Op The election of two anti-machine men
Senators excluding the stalwarts altogether
This the Administration men have never expected
1'--o,to5 for hut it was thought well to appoint a
.a,",Ottee which shall have authority to deal with
the question ......;o,, ,,o,,,ers
tits given out that the Administration members
III, cbecrfully support for one of the vacant places
suv stalwart Republican who is favored Dy a ma
;or;tv of the Republican members except Conk'ins
.na Platt and the committee are ready to receive
.,o,estions If after this offer the scattering he
rublicans fail to unite and the Legislature iul 10
sact the responsibility will certainly not rest upon
the friends of the Administration. .,o
VT The name most frequently mentioned i3r the ne
.,hsr nlare coucedlng one to Mr.. lepeW Is tail "i
Govcrnor Cornell. Congressman Lapnam i "',|
%yorably spoken of. Ii is too soon, how1Ner 10 ~
.sv what the effect OF this movement Will oc' vi
~6ether il will solve the problem.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
FRAGMENES or WESTERY NEWS.


BEDFORD, Ind, June lj.-Wllian Uranium
Killed yesterday IN Martin County while rdins
alony the road. hy some person concealed Ia the
bushes, who shot him with rife.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
PURLoIyrHG MONEY FROM MAILS

O. H, N."'iNiN" 1,,, VI ~ 'ur. u,lIon a
- iE'' -, Jthr lp'.liu-.t L. D., Ws. -
t'ih i' th di-irpnii Il, par @ @r "' 'lu m i,'' ~
luT my H"' "',' % i'.u 'l ,'. '..'' @ " ,'r.l, Li
E.. ,l""F H""'! H''n ''''''' P"''''7 '"'"-' "
"'"''
ROAD AGENTS o~ THE WAY TO AUGrRN.
Cut,Go. June 15-Navs and OYrThOlS two
'' ~ 49,, i,, Nm. h.,.c ,,,..,d
tt,,,,h ir ~, ,ni,rr. y II b.i,'g n,.ressar, 10
-,, thcn s,fr ,.rf,r. tl,n ,,,r. afforded by IDAHO
fri.on.
SJCCI ~~TrL ~ATNGERFEST RElIARSAI
CuftAso, .iunc lJ.-l he Sarngrrfrft Tchrar-
sa va held la-f uei and was brilliantly succc-ful.
3i idauc Ptsrhkal outucr and william tandidls sailed
f.u GERMANY iu ,hc carly pHrt ~ the month and viii h"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
s1rrp cy,Nn1rr-. .tOrr pA,lA-,I

SHIP CHANpLEE~ stoEE bANh I'D.
The ship chaudAcry store ot ,nn Beck. No.
% West It, wa. damaged by IRE yesterday a.or.-s TO
fhD r.frnt d sl.NuO.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16
49, srccr~~rrL ~ATNGEnFFsr nFnrARsAL

SrPfNGFIrlp. H.. june lj.-Scrr"t9rv In
coin f.cra,l.tl hrr. this uoriu- thar hr expected
.,ii.ciu -IrH-fcd the last OF the wcch q" Nl-ii Dol
I.nfH,r V lo /. ln % Very pfccnr'nl- condition. W.
Iucnlu i- ~l - tle home ~ hrf -i-.cr' Mrs. Nl-.'
lin.rl-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16

ST. LoUf-, June 1j.-IInsh +. Mullen,
c,,rk u the distributing department ~ the Post once
this cty. has htru held iu 5000 bail ON a chirc'
pur1luius money from letters past.us through b
hands.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-06-16

TT w, TIIIIV IF.-'IIFH "TUI " II"'' y
famous road agents under uft sentence. have pt9-'
through here for Auburn. V !. ~ b'iug necessary q
give thcm safer quarters than were afforded by ldAh
prisons.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1881-04-11

The terrible winter in the west has
eliminated in floods and ice gorges by
which an immense amount of property
and some lives have been lost. While
the whole northwest has suffered, Dako-
ia and Nebraska have been devastated.
Cities, towns, and the habitations of the
bottom lands along the Missouri, have
been swept away. and the people forced
to escape to the high lands to save their
lives. Of course no property could be
saved, and along the east bank of the
river cattle are lying dead in heaps and
the living ones are mere skeletons.
Herdsmen in Dakota will come out with
total loss. The Mississippi also be-
came blocked with ice just above Moline,
Illinois, and general breakup set in
below the railroad bridge, between Rock
Island and Davenport, and played havoc
on both sides of the river. Ice was
piled from eighteen to forty feet thick
along the shore.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1881-04-11

walks made it very unpleasant for man |
and beast The show of all shows, 'sThe |
most beautiful woman in the United |
States" did not appear in the pageant,
doubtless the fair princess had not the
courage to face the storms of this chill
region, she must have felt the need of a
good warm ulster more than of the feath-
cry fans carried by her faithful slaves.
The most interesting part of the street
parade was the rear, which consisted of
Barnum's steam music behind which
monster machine came two damSels on
horseback, one in flowing white cotton
gown the other in blue; as the horses
kept up half gallop the dresses waved
in the wind like flags in distress; the
bonnets were such as were worn fifty
years ago and their style and makeup,
even Rip Van Wrinkle as belonging to
times his memory could not trace. What
these forlorn ones represented is more
than the wisest of US can guess unless it
might be the girl of the occident as OPP
| these ladies came three or four advertise
ments placarded upon box-like forms,
surmounting wagons, urging you to "wait
for Barnum." This great Snowman is
menagerie enough himself to attract if no
other animal is presented.
| In the Senate they still congregate to
| quarrel, call ugly names, lounge upon the
sofas, smoke and perhaps doze. Here is
the dignity Of nations law-givers. The
| curly-haired Colkling, with coat closely
buttoned, PAGES the Senate chamber with
the statliness of commanding officer and
his manner is so dainty you cannot but
feel that he fully appreciates his personal
attractions. And now that the days OF
dueling are past how are gentlemen to
settle small difficulties such as exist be-
tween the Virginian and Hoosier Senatori
Time alone can decide the matter.
Workmen are busy in making the foun
dation of the Farragut Statue, firmer ane
better than that upon which the weight
now rests, as the unwilling takes place
the 25th of this month every preparation
is being made to put things ship-shap
before that day.
1t is said that the mother Of the presi
, dent intends to return to her quiet Obi
, home before long. as the constant roun
of excitement here is too much for her.
Lieut.. Greeley, who will command tn
Arctic expedition, expects to start earl
in June. The Secretary of the Navy wi
{ furnish a steam launch with other assist
e ance. A permanent station will be mad
s at Lady Franklin Bay, from which static
. they can draw a constant supply of pre-
visions and other necessary stores. I'll
> whitehead torpedois an interesting then
; Just now and we Americans are said
e have less honor than a Turk, for whe
r. the Turk had it in his power to steal tt
invention he chose to purchase the m
= chine ready-made, whilst we preferred
d take it by stealth. If this little affa
ls creates storm with England it may
m that we will get one or two new boat
l. and surely in that case we will not be Il
h losers. We are lying asleep, allowiI
10 our few old rotten hulks to go to piec
o. and Europe is taking the commerce OF Il
n world in its staunch, storm-defyil
9 vessels. HIS [X] MARK.
Orleans County monitor. [volume] (Barton, Vt.) 1872-1953, 1881-04-11
THE INVENTORIES"

At the late listers meeting held at
Irasburgh, question in regard to the
filing and disposition of the inventories
arose, and it was thought best to address
Hon. Geo. Nichols, Secretary of State,
in regard to the same. By the polite
ness of our friend, z. E. Jameson, we
give the following as the gist of DIR.
Nichols communication
The act in all it's sections, where refer
ence is made to the matter, draws broad
line of distinction between the words
inventory and list. An inventory, in
terms of the law, is evidently the sched-
ule of persons taxable property with
values annexed so as to readily enable the
listers to deduce certain net results there
from, which, when arranged agreeable to
Sect. 20, Chap. SO of general statutes,
list. Here, then, is the difference, and it
is such personal list, made up as above
described, and entered in alphabetical
order upon sheets or a book prepared for
such purpose, that must be filed in the
town clerks office agreeable to Sect. 10;
and further l am clearly of the opinion
that the personal list that must be filed
does not mean simply list of the per-
sonal property but should include the
! valuation of the real as well as personal
estate.
In this respect the law only differs from
the old one in providing an earlier date
the 25th of April, for filing the list for
inspection and correction, etc. The time
for such purposes heretofore being at
conclusion is correct, the question very
naturally arises, what shall be done with
the inventories? and l beg your indul-
gence moment in this respect. In full
accord with the truth Of the primitive
declaration that ''certain rights to be Sc
cured by the institution Of government
which derives its power from the consent
of the governed" I believe it to be the
| province OI GH6 SGdGo 10 require but INV eli
tories provided for in the act of 1880,
and equally the right of the tax payers to
: demand that the relation thus established
between the state which is represented
by the listers, and the tax payers should
at all times be regarded as of the most
confidential character. The inventory is
simply schedule from which are dedace6
certain net results which when properly
arranged constitute list; it is the fielt
| book Of the lister; it is practically hi:
6 own. 1t carries the details Of the ta1
payers private affairs, upon, or will
which, as such, the public have no CLAIM
u or business. If the listers are satisfied
with it, the public must accept their &C
ton as a finality and be satisfied with tn
published list. The object sought throug
n the inventories being accomplished,
y believe they should be retained in tn
IS close custody of some proper officer-th
y listers if you please-for such time a
: may be compatible with the public intel
ests and then destroyed.