, 1881-01-14


tic, Tic ,various " malrsGs whc' tla isins ,ierivss
MnnrIsllment frnu tic parent. Stlcll an mi.
nal us this, however, wu,.ll !liMt no placa IN
any IF o!ir sxssrlns ,nf chssificntltsf, OF t!lo
icinar"Iira an,l tho inscrtiyura, il.o1si tie
.lo,,.prchcllsiEc prs would separnie. IL from
tf'u fnrlmer. md tho placenta.ln,, from tho
latter GROUP: A nat,,rnl cf'lsSlficntlsn y olla
which nre closely nlIEr.l. ni.l separates them
from the rest. I.ut, whether II, t!so ordinary
sc'.sc nf tIc word "nl!!aiiee," Or ~ purely
norpo1osical se:.se, II. is Impossible 10 ,!ii;
ttlan our pr1,l1nr.liNl hIpmisls nru will, their
descendants. ict, Hcr0rding to existing mr.
rtngenlei,ts, tic ancestors would lave tn he
iiaeetl III ono urtler III the class Ut i,lnmmaln
suggested tl,at It might b, ~ well to wnit,'I-
I'll tho prin,ursfnl hiplnitl IL tl'scOyrrrtl llc-
forr discussing tho tl'llc.ll.iers which viii 10
creafSi , ny ~ Tari,les t tlio trlii,l Is,
aer s'He f's ss f"s'' Il s's$Say efesss eaf " with ?
marked ltngnlnle elinraclcrs. .aro lH:-
iIairIcs i Il tic Uniic.l statcs ani else;
nu'in,nais wtth whic!, W. nre Nlready nc.
ttl.nlntetl without being constantly struck
Will The !isectlvornNs characters which they
present. III f,,ct, thetv Is nothing in tho te'l.
lltlJll u t!GaCl ENuHIt"ESs W ull-
whether q given fossil ske1ctoil. witt, skull,
tcpt,. md limbs, almost complete, ougt1t to
BE- fNllged with tic lelirs. tho i'iseetIv9rcs,
ever "r,!er Of mammals 4 sufficiently long
series NJ FERNS haa CONC to light, tney Illus
trate tho ,tllrrctold law Of evolution Ms clcar-
ly, though ,,Tr',nps nnts strlklngly. rs tho
tyIcs, and pcrlosotlaetyics all tsnd. rs We
tracn them buck tnrnlgh tlle tertiary cpocl!,
toward lrss modified forms, which will fit
Into none Ut the rccngl!zcd orders, but
other. i w,!nla, however, De most inconycli-
lent mil misleading tO tern. these priMor-
tlinl forms lnsrctlynrn. the mammals SD
called being themselves mare or less specials
as S'fn'ss "ay Ssa e " sa s' !e fsp seSse eye.
representatives OF TINT type. 'rl,u riot Ut
tl.n matter appears 10 me to l,e that thu
| ralcnllt0iuLicnl facts which have colnU
u fifteen years l,aye colnpletelyl,roken dow,
existing taxnnonItcal conceptions, ntll Tint
tho attempts tQ construct fresh classification
| upon thu old lmultl Are MrccssAfily fusllc.
classiiers liayo i"I!owc.t. !as bec!. 1t i'm.
,ncllse value ~ frat,tg to tho close inyestiga.
tlon nra the clear sta1elneht OF the hcMnntonica1
characters Ut animals. Hut Its principle, the
Won !lMcr showed. ~ estimating the likeness
OF unlIksllGs5of ,lninats, Development u,,lst
he fully takrs lato 'lscnunt; 1nd II ths Int
fiea ti at 1t Of aIydI syt syeI"ps't ssss Is .
sari!y tnilnss. II tic cnl vi .ntl zo0loslral
classification ~ clpnr md cuncisG expression
Of the nInru!mlnEicAl rpselnbl,lllces md tif-
tfereners of 1nlnals. tl!e!l nll such Eesenl.
they fal under tllree lleNls: First, tllosa Ut
adult individuals: sccnnd, tliDscDf successive
*tngrs ;, IF 9f enbryolosieal ,aeyeloinent
s!ast seeassiSa sfsion sEss Of fhf to cSo: s%Sc
tlon of tho SPECIES Or !, ancestral
that L., logically ustiI'alIc. exactly III 50 fnt
rs # cxpresses Tho relations of lleElessrs ulN!
Hence. III Attenpting tn classify tho illttMnln-
In we must taisu into account not 0llly thelt
ud,!It anu cnIhryngenctic characters, but
Their n'orrpl,nlogca iy!ntons, ~ ~ far Us te
evolution: AUD thus. lust ns Tue persistent
antaguMisnl'6f Cnylrr untl liis schnol tO the
essence OF 1,a!nark's teAelEllSs tlinpericct and
objectionable rs these ofte'! were III their ne
mistake. 50 Cuyier's no icss t!ciit,it repudit
t[on Of B0hMet's cclcilc mt tho present. tlay
tlG existence Of q scsiin n.iMuntfu'n, ~ q
eccsssIy coiSs!sl,cnti OF t,o .nssnS oI
helluye, the foundation uf scientific taxon
pnty. atMny years ago. IN my lectures u
Tue Royal tollege VI Surgeons, ! particu!Arl,
mil further sNstly vi this order md ur tho
.rMlchtu Inns only strengthened, my c0nvic
tlhl tltlt my G!iN w|'u II acquainted with the
rangu Ut var1atoi OF structure III .tl'est
which Ii met. With III tho prl,nates, thu car
niv0rn. anti tho n,tgulatn. Given the com
mon .plan uf the tnstctlvora atNl nf the 10
tlcn'ia, aHL granting il.at tho 'n1lticntlons O
| Of tfn 1l1liGulnrp and rNItr{lll1iC1lyN r1SrHTs