davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
Ireland's Troubles and the Reason
For Them.

From Rev. G. B. Cows Lecture in the Citizens
Course.
There is trouble in ireland. And when
was there not trouble in Ireland And
when will it cease? 1t is easy to say
when. 1t will cease there as everywhere
when ia the political and social institu-
tons of the country, 1t comes about that
every man has an open way to become
the best possible for himself, and may il
neyer cease until then. We read a short
time ago, in our pspevs, that an old man
of seventy, literally helpless with age and
disease, had been elected from his cabin
for non-payment of rent. The poor old
man was living alone with only one
daughter to care for him; The officers
came in and ordered him to leave. He
could not move. They prepared to carry
him out. He plead with them to leave
him Just a little while that he might
have time to die under the roof
which had sheltered him for so
many years. His daughter added her
tears and entreales to those of her
father. But all in vain. They carried
him out and laid him down by the road
his side till death took him. Will there
ever be quiet, think you, in a land where
such things are according to law, written
and unwrltten? 1t is not that man may
be robbed by brigands contrary to law,
that makes our blood boil as we read
such stories but that the brigands have
power to make the law and execute it in
broad daylight, with a cruelty that would
shame a savage. What is the trouble with
Ireland? Why, just this; you may tell
in a word. Ireland was once the fairest,
most intelligent, happiest nation in
western Europe. But England seized
it by force of arms and the authority of
an Englishman in the papal chair, seized
it, took the lands, robbed the people,
cudgeled them if they murmured, butch
cred them if they resisted. Kept on do
ing it for seven hundred years, is doing
it still. This is what makes the trouble.
"For centuries" says Mccarthy, eur
ii English) legislation had acted on the
principle that the workingman was a
serf of society, bound to work for the
sake of the employer and on the en-
ployers terms" 1t is only about fifty
years since English law and public opin-
ion in this respect, has begun to be
changed and nowhere in the British
empire does this principle press more
heavily than in Ireland. The case, there
fore, is very simple The worn, weary,
heart-sick and desperate Irish people say
to their English lords, "You have robbed
us. We cannot be still. Give us back
our lands, give us back our intelligence,
give us back our manhood, give us back
the hope and courage, the inspiration of
liberty which you have taken from us,
give us chance on our own soil to be
and become what God made us to be,
then, and not till then, will we be quiet.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
Postal Teleuranhy.

The recent consolidation OF the three
great telegraph companies of the country
has re-awakened the old demand for tele-
graphic system to beownedand operated by
the government. The New York Board of
Trade has passed resolutions and is for
warding petitions for such action, and half
dozen bills are preparing, or have been
introduced in Congress, looking towards it.
The feeling Of alarm at the consolidation
which generates this demand, is justified.
The capital stock of the new company has
been so watered, as to amount to $50, 000,-
900, whereas the cost and value of their
property is not much more than 500, 000,-
900, so that business and industry have got
to pay, in telegraphic rates, interest on an
investment four times as large as they
ought to. A colossal monopoly is to hold
the country at its mercy. 1t controls tele-
graphic patents so completely that no OPP
position company can be successfully or.
ganized. Having no fear of competition,
it can put prices wherever it pleases,
with no limit save the avarice or
within of managers and stockholders
The organized extortion portending, is not
so dangerous to the country as that of
railroads, because industry and commerce
are not so completely at its mercy. Still |
the telegraph has become almost indispen-
sable to modern society, it is used in every
days business transactions, and the
unjust tribute which must annually be paid
to this resistless monopoly, will be some
thihg enormous. The public will be de-
'epfeess One of two things must be
lbne, either the government must 60 into
talanraph hI1sinnca Or Il nuat ayarcise |
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

A COMPLICATION in the new tax system
arisesf from the looseness and ambiguity ofthe
wording of the bill to "equalize taxation. "
The claim is advanced by some lawyers that
mortgaged real estate can secure exemption
provided the mortgagor discloses the debts
which he is owing, and the parties to whom
he owes them. The oath to which the tax
payer is required to subscribe, AYERS that
the ''list and description" he gives "is a
full, true, and correct list of any taxable
property, both real and personal, )" =
and that / have set down only such debts
as ! am Internationally bound to pay
to the amount of deduction claimed.
There is nothing in the act which limits
deductions" to the taxpayers amount of
''personal property" No distinction is
made between "real and personal property"
in the matter of deductions" claimed.
The Legislature of course, did not intend
to permit real estate to be exempted, for
that would remove about all the certainty
of getting anything at all taxed. As the
''intent' is an important factor in the con-
struction of statutes, there is little practi-
cal danger of the new bubbles, plausible as
they are on their face, amounting to any
thing. But it is another illustration of the
danger of having Legislature filled with
men who are incapable of understanding the
English language.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
A Novel and Important Case

An important case, involving new ques-
tons, was heard by the Supreme Court for
Addison county, this week. John Bullock,
wealthy citizen Of Leicester, died intes-
tate, without issue, in 1851. lie left a
widow and one adopted son, who was
made his heir at-law, by special act of the
legislature in 1916 This son was about
ten years old when his adopted father died.
He lived until 1858, when he died leaving
a will by which he devised all his estate
to his brother, Frank Chandler, and the
heir of his body Frank Chandler then
had no children. Since then he has had
six children born, who are now living.
John Bullock's widow and Frank Chandler,
after a good deal of litigation over the
property, settled their difference in 1869,
and had the real estate equally divided be-
tween them by commissioners appointed by
the Probate Court. IN 1879 the widow
died, leaving the same real estate which
came to her from her husband, by the di-
vision. This real estate she devised by
will to some of her relatives. The chill
dren of Frank Chandler now claim to own
his real estate, under the will of the
adopted son, claiming that he took by in
hertance, all the lands whereof his adopt
ed father died seized, subject to the wild
owls dover, and the widow having died
they, as the legatees under his will, take
The whole estate.
On the other hand it is claimed, that
John Bullock died without issue, ana that
lis estate to the amount of one half plus
$1,000, passed to his widow in fee, and
hat her devisees are now entitled to it.
The case was argued by ex-Gov Stewart
or the children Of Frank Chandler, and by |
Jharles N. Davenport for those claiming
Inder the will Of the widow. The question
an adopted child can inherit as
lgainst the widow of man dying without
ssue, has never been decided. 1t is the
question upon which this case turns.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
NOTES AND CLIPPINGS.

We are glad to find that as the people
read the laws, they become better salts.
fed that the legislature did not fool
away all Its time, nor wholly miss the
mark. No legislature will do thorough
reform work which snot elected on that
issue Ludlow Tribune.
Civil service" may mean cleaning a
mans boots: Hayes's servi to Conk-
ling was of thatsind, but they spell it
servile service.
Owing to the lack of male republicans
In Ohio, caused BY the exodus to WASH
ington. the legislature has to have re-
course to girls as ages.--BurItagton
Clipper.
Senator Bruce will retire from the
United States Senate with the hearty
good wishes of men of his own state, and
the kind words Of the southern press
Neks5urgh (Miss) Herald
Conklng is practically dictator of the
Senate now Blaine came in here with
chance to lead an opposition to him,
but has not yentured to do ii. Nobody
wants to tackle Conkling in his own
sphere. He is a man of such positive
nature, and 50 fully informed about SEN
atorial business and methods of proceed
ure, as well as the law of things, that 1t
is hard TO get him down.-Ben Pertey
Foore IA Gath IHteruieU.
The bedrock reason of Conkling's
triumph in New York was sententiously
put the other day, when a Washington
statesman, not Of the Conkling kin 5. re
piled to the question. "How do you ac-
count for SO complete a rout and abso-
lutte surrender to the antl-Conkllng
forces when they made such preten
sionsP' by saving: "How do you account
for the fox c,tching the geese? Because
they were geese. That's all. You need
not go beyond that Chicago Times.
Gen. Garfield is the first Knight
Tempsr who mas ever been elected pres
ident.
As the republican party stands to day.
no external power can overthrow IL. IL
it shall ever lose its hold upon the pop
ular heart and cease to be the dominant
party in the state and nation, it will only
be because of internal dlssensions.-
Albany Journal
Puck's cartoon picturing Garield's
dismay at finding on his doorstep the
wretched ciyil.service reform infant,
which its unnatural parent Hayes has
just deposited there, makes good deal
of sport among the politicians. The pol
iticians ALWAYS did laugh at civil-service
reform but they never had so good rea-
son to as nov, Hayes has simply made
the thing contemptible.-E r. CfdTS ~
Springfield Republican.
We hear no more in this part Of the
world OF a slid South and in the North
they talk no longer of solidity. The red
ensign Of hate has been nnfolded and the
bIighs broad banner of American ma
advanced far to the front to
mark the new line OF formation on which
we must confirm the advanced line oil
our new party movements and organiza-
tons Riolrrond (Va.) SAFE.
Joe Palirzer Of the St Louis FoSt-
Dispatch de.pairs Of our "shGddy rePuo- |
Iic'' because he members Of the supreme
court are invalids. second-class men or
railroad lsVrsrs Money. the machine
md the possr Of railroads and corPo-
-ations have become the great Influences
n modern politics. he mourniuily COM
nents.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

A DOZEN or so Of railroad msgnates,
summoned by private message, meet
from time to time in one of our great
cities. They consult in secret, dine and
wine satisfactorily, adjourn and go their
several ways Next morning, the tele-
graph wires will have flashed across the
land their decision that every bushel of
grain going to marke', every bale Of
goods passing inland, shall henceforth
pay 20 to 80 per cent more freight than
has hitherto been paid In effect, this
bevy of railroad kings has arbitrarily re-
duced the value of every farm, every
quarter section, every bushel Of grain,
in the great West. If they owned the
whole country, and all who live in it,
they could not lord it over us more ty-
rannically.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
SEVERAL ofthe alumni of Harvard 20

SEVERAL ofthe alumni of Harvard col
lege are getting up subscription to
put portrait of Mr.. HAYES IN Memoir
al hall. Cambridge. with those of John
and John Quincy Adams. who were
the only three ofthe presidents who took
the degree of l.. l.. b.. in regular course
at Cambridge. They invited Charles A
Dana, editor of the New York Sun,
to subscribe to the object aud he
refused in this trenchant way: | decline
to join in such subscription. am not
willing TO do anything that may be design
ed or construed as compliment to Mr..
Hayes, or that may recognise mis- tenure of
the executive office at Washington as
anything other than an event of dishonor
He was not chosen president. He was
defeated in the election; and then band
of conspirstors. Mr.. Hayes himself con-
spring and conniving with them, setting
aside the Con titution and the law. and
making use of forgery, perjury, and false
counting, secursd for him possession of
of the presidency to which another had
been elected; and when be had got pos
session of it, his most sedulous care was
to repay with offices and emoluments
those authors, managers. and agents of
the conspiracy to whom he had been
chiefly indebted for its infamous success.
Sooner than honorably commemorate
such an event or do public homage to
such man, / beg you. gentlemen. with
your own hands first 10 destroy the
portraits OF John Adams and John
Quincy Adams in Memorial Hall. and
then to raze to the ground the Hall it.
self.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

THE reasons why polygamy in Utah
goes unpunished are given by District
Attorney Van Zile, in letter to the Chi
cago Inter Ocean. The law of Congress
is so,drawn that before there can be a
conviction for bigamy the prosecuting
officers must prove DO h marriages, and
that the second marriage has been sol
emnized within three years. Public SEN
timent in Utah is in favor of polygamy,
and five-sixth. of the people are Nor
mans, and as the polygamous marriages
take place only in the presence of Nor
mons, it is almost impossible to procure
witnesses Of them. In trials that have
peen had Mormans have suffered inn
prisionment for contempt of court rather
than testify, though many Of them do
not hesitate to appear falsely in cases Of
prosecution for this offence, believing
that it is their duty to do so. For these
and other reasons, prosecutions for pig
amy are Ineffective.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
J. G. BLAINE and Samuel J.. Randall,

J. G. BLAINE and Samuel J. Randall,
both poor, men entered congress contem-
poraneously some 20 years ago.
Both for years as speakers of the House,
have held almost despotic power over
legislation, which dishonest man could
WELD to immense personal profit. Blaine
on a salary of S5,O 900 year, living most
lavishly in the most expensive city in
the country. is easily worth $1,000, 900.
Randall has always lived modestly and
is still poor man. The Muligan letters
&c, explain the difference.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

The Southern press and people speak
with uniform kindness of colored Sena-
tor Bruce, indicating amost encouraging
growth out OF color prejudice. Senator
Lamar says he would rather see him in
Garield's cabinet than any white Re-
publican he knows of in Mississippi.
The Vicksburg Herald echoes the SEN
timent and pronounces Mr., Bruce one of
"the best men in the Republican party"
Mr. Bruce's experience shows that Re-
publican, black or white, can win the
regards of the southern people when
they are once convinced that he is not
of the carpetbag. scalawag, robber sort.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
THR Democratic Congress has at las

THR Democratic Congress has at last
done the honorable thing in admitting
Horatio Bisbee. Jr., to his seat from Flor
ida. He was entitled to it beyond
doubt. and N. A. Hall the Democrat
who was counted in, ought never to
have been allowed to have staid so long.
But it is something for partisan Con-
gress VIII do justice even tardily. Re-
publican Congresses never did. even
when they had such overwhelming ma
jorities that they could well afford to.
They always gave contested seats to Re-
publicans. whatever the merits of their
cases. This Congress, whatever its other
faults and other weaknesses, must go in
to history, as the fairest and most i'm
partial in settling election cases that the
country has ever seen.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

THE New York Times, which is one
of the fairest and most intelligent of par
ty organs, does not undertake to apollo
gize for our crude and bungling tariff
system, but it is pounding away vigor-
ously for reform. Our revenue laws, it de-
clares, are mass of enactments, most of
them made more or less at random. in
spired by no consistent purpose, and
having not only no distinct harmony
one with another, but often, pro-
nounced antagonism among themselves.
1t is certainly tasking good-nature in a
most protective" fashion TO ask us to
regard this collection of ill-digested and
ill-devised laws, many Of them thrown
pell nell upon the statute-book, as some
thing too sacred to be touched, and this
pretension cannot be maintained.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

COMPTROLLER CAMPBELL, the successor
of John Kelly in New York, finds clerk
ships and sinecures in his office to the
annual value of 100000. which in his
opinion are entirely unnecessary and
ought to be wiped away. "John Kelly
was honest" they say, but is ii honest to
waste public money, to pay it out when
you know it is not earned, TO political ia
vorites? 1t is only one degree better
than stealing, but it is just what has al
ways been done under corrupt Tammany
rule, and is what is being done at wash
ington to-day to the extent of millions
upon millions of dollars annually.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

THE trial of Parnell and the "traver-
sers" ended Wednesday at Dublin with
a disagreement of the jury, which is
said to have stood ten for acquittal and
two for conviction. The news was re.
ceived with the widest enthusiasm all
over the country. Tie surrounding hills
about Dublin were ablaze for twenty
miles. 1t is victory in favor of free
dom and the rights of man against des-
potism.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
Turkey has again called for

TURKEY has again called for a con-
gress of European government to con-
slider her boundary quarrels with Greece,
and prevent the collision Of arms which
seems imminent on the Grecian from
tier. The Sultan has cody disregarded
the tEo previous decisions which the
powers have inside, and refused to cede
any territory. But the first shot of a
Greek gun is likely to lead to great and
disastrous complications. and to avoid a
general war probably the powers will &C
cede to The Porte's demand and 60
through the useless formality af another
congress.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

THE federal supreme court has rem
dered decision written by Judge
Swayne as his last judicial act, affirm
ing the constitutionality of an income
tax. In New York proceedings will i'm
mediately be resumed against Mr.. Til
den, for 100000 which the government
claims as due, and which he has resisted
for the past two years on the gaound Of
unconstitutionallty.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

CHIEF PETER P. PITeHLYN, long famil-
lar form at Washington, and whose sad,
intelligent, noble face so struck Chas.
Dickens when he visited this country, is
now dead at the age of So. His story is
touching one of manly, faithful devo.
ton to his mission" which was to get
Justice for the Choctaw tribe from this
government. In 1920, the Choctaws, de-
string to become civilized, coded to I'm
Gle Sam their lands west of the Missis-
sippi, between four and five million acres
of the best cotton land in the country,
and received in compensation the South
west ern reservation" and guarantee of
the government. Then the Treaty of
Dancing Rabbit creek" in 1880 compelled
them to cede 10 or II millions more of
land east of the Mississippi, and the gov
eminent agreed to transport them to
their new reservation, support them for
a year, and turn over to them the pro-
Ce6QS OF Une sale VI lllciI idiiuo. hNoiy
part of the contract was broken, the In
disns were left to starve while establish
ing Themselves in their new homes, those
to whom "scrip" or due bills had been
issued for their lands if they should re-
turn to Mississippi and live under the
State laws. were refused the land, and fl
nally, after cutting down the account in
every way possible, the money agreed
upon was never paid over within $780,
600. Congress looked over the whole
case in 1861 and found that the money
was unqueslionably due, but it has never
been paid. No reason could be assigned
but every bill for payment proposed has
been incontinently voted down, and
Pitchlyn has wasted his life importuning
every successive Congress every year for
ii,Stira
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

The authorities in Germany are be-
ginning to wake up to the injustice and
the scandal of the anti-Jewish crusade.
The Bavarian minister of the interior
has put his foot down squarely, and
given orders TO the police to arrest the
movement, so far as lies in their power
The crown prince follows with a decisive
condemnation of the whole affair.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
A Great Scheme.

PUTTING A TELEGRAPH GIRDLR ROUND TIM
EARTH.
Articles Of incorporation have been filed
in the secretary of states office at Albany
for telegraphic company to build a land
and submarine line practically around the
world. 1t is to be called the American tel
egraph and cable company. Jay Gould,
Fred l.. Ames, Thos. Eckart and David II.
Bates are incorporates. The capital stock
is $40, 900, 600, in shares of 300 each.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

THE Chinese labor agitations are found
to have comparatively small foundation
The census returns show that California
has but 75025 Chinese and 81 Japanese ina
total population of S64,6s6. The general
estimate had placed the number as high
as 100000. The increase of the white
population has been in greater ratio dur
ing the last twenty years than with the
Chinese. In view ofthese facts and the
new treaty regulations there is little
oa,,s., for annrehenSiOn.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28
SNOW AND BLAST,
Terrible Season All over the
World.

PEOPLE FROZEN TO DEATH IN THE STREETS
OF LoNDON--NEw YORK BLooKADED-.
GREAT DAMAGE.
1881 ia Mother SYMPTOMS year, and she
mas begun matters early. Storms and
extreme cold are prevalent over most of
the world. A disastrous storm has
swept over nearly the whole of Europe.
Paris has suffered greatly, the city
government being powerless to remove
the vast quantities of snow from the
streets. A tempest Of wind rain and
hall has passed over England causing
$4,000 600 Of damage and wide
snrpnh uStfrrtrn tlY,.n.rh IL. liz.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

The telegraph hiss reported IS suicides
in the first three weeks of the year. A
large number of these were suicides Of
persons of local prominence. the cause
in nearly every case being financial en-
barrassment Speculation and eItrava-
gance are again sowing the sure seed Of
disaster and death, as in years before the
panic. The old familiar round is being
run again-a buoyant market in which
great fortunes are made. one great con-
solidaiion af'er another, and in their
wake this man and that falls ont ruined.
The first drops Of the coming storm.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

WHILE several other countries are pre-
pairing to send out expeditions in sesrc..
Of the North pole Italy proposes to look
for the South pole. An Italian whaler
will soon start on a voyage Of recon-
noissance. and the main expedition viii
sail next year.
The Windham County reformer. (Battleboro, Vt.) 1876-1897, 1881-01-28

The French loss Of men in the Franco
Prussian war is put by a French econo-
mist, NJ de Foville, who has access to Of
fetal records. az 1851 dead and 49,
O66 wounded the German al "a, i99 dead
and III. So wounded. The loss in our
own war, both sides taken together was
about twice this