davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-08-25
THE AMERICAN FLAG.

The first European banner unfurled
upon the shores Of the new world, Of
which we have any authentic account,
are those Of Columbus, who landed on
the small island of 81. Salvador, Oc-
tober II, 1892. Doubtless his ideas
Of new world to the westward came
from Iceland, which he visited in the
spring of l477.
His son writes that Columbus, dress.
ed IN scarlet, stepped ashore and press.
ed the royal standard Of Spain, en-
bazoned with the arms Of CASTLE and
Leon. a white flag, with n green
cross, was It's companion.
In 1899 the eastern coast Of South
America was explored, aud eight years
later the great discovery was announc-
ed to the world by a Florentine,
Americus, who gave name to the west
crn continent About this time the
Cabots planted on the shore Of North
America the banners of England and
OF 1t. Mark Of Venice. The early
voyagers found that the Indians Of
North America carried for a standard
a pole, well-coycrcd with the wing
feathers Of eagles.
The red eros. Of st. George hoatcd
from the mast of the Mayhower, 1920,
when the pilgrims landed on Plymouth
rock. For century and half, dur
ing the colonial aud provincial peri.
od-, the use of the English flag con.
tinued in North America, with the
addition Of many devices and mottoes.
Some flags were all red, white, blue
or yellow. Others were red, with
white horizontal stripe, or red and
blue stripc.. Upon these were the
pineor Liberty Tree and the words
AN appeal to Heaven = also stars,
the crescent, anchor, beaver aud ser
pcu;. Under the latter, Don't Tread
on me- 4 flag at the battle Of White
Plains bore the words Liberty or
Death"
Ga January =, l776. at Cambridge,
Mas, was first hoi-iod the Grand
Union flag Of the crosses Of st.
George and -. Andrew, and the thir-
teen alternate red aud white stripes,
emblematical Of the union Of the thir-
teen colonie. against the oppressive
acts Of British tyranny.
This was the flag in use when the
Declaration Of Independence was read
by the committee Of safety at Phila-
dclphia. in the presence OF Washing.
ton in New York, and from the bal.
cony of the State house in Boston.
On the liih Of August, 1771, Con.
grc,s resolved that the flag of the
United States be thirteen stripes, al
iernately red and white, and that the
Union be thirteen stars, white in
blue field, representing new constel-
la,ion."
Once these stripes were increased to
fifteen, but in 1918 they were changed
permanently 10 thirteen, perpetuaiing
the original thirteen States Of the
Union, and it was decreed that for
every new State coming into the Union
star should be added. The stars
have five points those on our coins
six. They were first arranged in n cir.
Gle, aiterwsrd in the form of large
star, and now in parallel lines.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-08-25

The inhabitants of Akyab. in Bur.
nah, are self-sacriicing, having in.
formed the government that, so sad
are the effects Of opium.eating there,
they will willingly make up any loss
of revenue which may ensue upon the
abolition Of the trade in the drug.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-08-25

cross.eyed expression or shape, and
then she sees again as any other person.
Il is the intention of her father TO take
her TO New York ut no distant day to
let some of the celebrated physicians
there see this wonderful phenomenon.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-08-25

A NOBLE part Of every true life Is
TO learn how 10 undo what has been
wrongly done.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-08-25
Lesson q.
THE COMMANDMENTS.
Ex. 20: Ill.

GOLDEN TIKI -" Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt
love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all
thy aou ann with all thy mind This is the first and
great tcommandment"-MAtt2 y u, IN
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1881-07-01
How to Prevent Drowning

An English gentleman has lately pub
lished in Nature valuable letter showing
how persons whollyignorant OF swimming
may keep themselves ailoat in the water
for a considerable space of time and with
very little exertion. The subject is partic-
ularly timely just now when the summer
excursion season is beginning-a season
always marked by many accidents to
steam and sail craft. This method of
preventing drowning described in the
letter in question, is one understood by
| all swimmers, but, unfortunately, known
to few people who cannot swim, aud is
what is called 'treading water" All
animals practice it instinctively. A cat,
dog, horse or COW finding itself out Of
/ its depth has no difficulty in keeping its
| head above the surface by making nearly
the same motion it makes in walking;
| while a man who cannot swim throws
up his arms, makes few spasmodic mo-
tions and drowns Yet the brute has no
advantage over the man in the water On
the contrary the advantage of physical
conformation is with the man, for his
hands and feet are admirably shaped to
act as paddles and keep him afoat.
| The human body is a little lighter
than the quantity of water it displaces,
and consequently some portion of it will
keep above the surface in accordance
with the law of specific gravity. All that
is necessary to do to escape drowning is
to manage the hands and feet so that
this portion shall be the head, If the
arms are kept under water the head can
be kept up, but if the arms are thrown up
the head goes under. Swimming
requires practice and confidence, and is
an art few acquire; but every man, WON
an and child that can walk on land, can
tread water without any prior instruction
or practice. 1t is only necessary to
move the hands and feet up and down
alternately, the right hand and foot com
ing up while the left hand and foot are
going down. The motion is not par
ticularly fatiguing, and may be kept up
for long time without producing ex-
haustion. If rest is required, it is only
needful to close the mouth and throw the
head well back in the water in order to
float without any motion of the hands OF
feet.
While no instruction is required to
tread water, it would be a good plan to
become accustomed to keeping the body
afoat in this way, in order to overcome
the feeling of terror which people who
cannot.swim experience on beng thrown
INTO the water by an accident. A tank
of water of sufficient depth would an
swer for practice. The swimming schools
would do well to afford facilities fol
treading water to persons who donot de
sire to take a course of swimming les
sous A few experiments would be sufii
cient to give them the sense of ability
to take care of themselves in deeI
water, which is all that is necessary fo
safety.
| The position of person who tread
water is safer and easier than the spraw
ling attitude assumed in swimming Tn,
difference between the two acts is tha
to swim is to propel the body through
the water by vigorous movements, Will,
to tread water is merely to support it b,
gentle movements in an upright position
| an M In Gaan tho haaI l.. ,ha a..
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1881-07-01
Give IN y Trial

Anybody who thinks that the boy en-
ployed around lawyers Office has moth
lug to do but empty the paper basket.
run to the post-ofiice, sweep the room and
read the jokes of Blackstone, is granhly
mistaken. A boy-that is, prize of a
boy, and one who will eventually become
a great lawyer himself--has heap on
his mind, and no time for sling shots OF
tops Recently while Detroit lawyer
was in court, with his boy in charge OF
the office, a newspaper man who was
hunting through the Moffat block STUN.
bled upon the young attorney and was
received with:
"Come right in. The papers in youl
case are ready to be signed.
"What casef"
duplication for divorce"
"But I'm not the man."
"Ain't you7 Well, you look like him
Let's see? Are you the defendant in the
Jones vs. Brown case of trespass! If so
l am to tell you that the case is pul
over"
"No, am not Brown"
"Well, that's all right Let's see againi
l was to tell Ryan that his case agains
Peters for slander would not come on ,hi,
term,and 10 suggest that he amend his de-
claration. You have not given the date,
whereon the defendant called you a rep
tile and SNEAK"
"But Tam not Ryan"
''ls that 80 That's too bad, but per
haps you cant help it, Was it your wifi,
who eloPed with man named Blake'
"No."
"fhen you are not Mr.. Clem. was I,
tell him that he forgot TO state the par
ticular time at which he first noticed
coldness in her demeanor. Lets see
Oh! there's that bigamy case. | was :,
say to the defendant that the prosecution
appear to have hunted up and got hol,
OF the testimony of third female VIII,
claims to have married you in Toledo i,
1864, aud that your case looks shaky
We will, however, do our best to pnl
you through as we do all our clients"
"fou are off again; l sm not tn
man.
"Dear me, that's another. Well. al
right,l was to say to any new client ths
Mr.------wOuld be back in AN hon,
Come in and sit down aud look over an
city directory. We viii take your cas-
at the lowest cash price and do our lev,
best to win il. Consult no other fin
un,il You have given as atrial
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1881-07-01
POetical.
AUS WiEDERSEHEN,


JDtil we meet again That Is tho meaning
OF tbe familiar words that mon repeat
40 parting Iu The street
AuEes, tili hon put when deatb htcryening
Reods us aluudor wlth what coascleas pain
We wait f9g the Sg1in!
Tae friends who leave us 90 ouotEcl the sorrow
~ parting, as We feel II, who must stay
Lamen'ng, day by day,
And knowing, when we wake upon the morrow
We shall not nnd In It's accustomed place
The one beloved face
1t were double grief, II the departed
Being relea sed from earth, should stlll retain
a sense OF earthly pain;
1t were double grief, II the true hearted,
Who loved US here should on the further shore
Remember us no more. .'
Believing, in the midst of our afnictlons,
That death is beginning, not an end,
We cry to them, ana send
Farewels, that better might be called predict
ioiis, .....
Being f)reshadowines OF the future, thrown
Into the vast Unknown.
Faith overleaps the confines Of our reason,
And II by faith, as In old times was said,
Women received their dead
Raised up to life, then only for season
Our partings are, nor shall we wait In vain
Until we meet again
--Atiantic Monthly.
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1881-07-01
OBSERVATIONS OF REV, GABE TUCKER.

You may notch it on de palms as a mighty resky
plan.
To make your judgment by de clo'es dat klvers up
man; ,..
For hardly needs to tell you how you often come
ercross
fifty. dol ar saddle on q twenty dollar hoss
When wurkin' In dc low.grouns, you dlskiver as
you go, ""'
Dat de fines shuck may hide de meanes' nubbin In
arrow! ... .....
l think man has got mighty slender chance for
heben
Dat holds on to his piety but one day out OBJ seDen
Dat talks about de sinners wild heap o. solemn chat
An nebter draps n nickel IN de missionary hat
OATS foremost in de meetln'house for raisin dc
chunes,
But lay aside his lsion wid his Sunday pantaoons!
| nebber judge o. people dat meets along de way
BY de places whar dey come ruln an de houses whar
dey stay;
For de hant ,n chicken awful fond O. roostin pretty
high, ... ......
An de turkey buzzard sells above de eagle In de sky
Dey ketches little MINERS In de middle oh de seq,
An YOU finds dc smalles possum up de bigges' Kind
o tree!
i Il. Macon, in Scribne1 for Jpy
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1881-07-01

and blending his head nearer Jack aud
glancing nervOusly toward Charley
only two can 20. So long as there IL
shadow OF q trail can follow it. but St.
going fast in this gale For Gods sake,
decide quickly"
Tho dark eyes had lost their look of
trouble. The h1udsOmc face was bale.
but calm as was 10 wont
"Cut the horses loose r came the hn-
aweGsnom and sharp. "Charleywe must
leave the wagon. Tumble out, old
man l' ."
Jack was already on the ground, re-
moving with rapid skillful hands, the
heavy halneas from the covering horses
Charley came back from dreamland, from
the bright little home Of his fancy, and
climbed bewildcrodly to the ground
"What are we leaving the wagon for
Are yoa going to camp here What's all
the row?' .".. .''
"rhc row is, my dear bog, that the
wagon sticks in the drift, and we are 90
ing to push on for the station on horse
back.
"All ready, sir ?" said the driver, mean
ingly, looking anxiously at Jack.
"All ready. Hear, Charley, up you go!
Now ride hard and stick close to your
guide"
The driver paused in astonishment.
but what are you going to do, Jack, "
And Charley looked from his companion
to the driver perplexedly. Something in
their faces struck him as with blow.
He grew deadly pale.
"My God Jack, what is this? Can't
we all go?" ...
''No,old fellow,we cannot" said Jack.
"But why should you be left? This
man-what right has he more than either
of us"
'IIe is the only hope of one of us. He
alone can find the station. .........
Great God This is horrible / will
not leave you. cannot, Jact ~ ...
| "Charley,you II ust, and at once. Every
minute is precious. Your life is not youl
own. Think of Kate. You must go, deal
old fellow. Goodbye" ...
Jacks warm, firm hand held Charley
in clinging grasp for an instant, and
then let IL fall !" ....... .....
by heavens will not 90 T.
The driver sat nervous and inpatient
Jack moved to his side and whispered
"lle must gO--do you understand!' mlt
nodded towards the heavy wagon whiI
that lay beside the heap Of harness.
YES be quick about it" ....
The driver grasred Graut's rein ,ha
hung loosely on the horses neck. Tn,
The Columbian. [volume] (Bloomsburg, Pa.) 1866-1910, 1881-07-01

Buying shoes for children's wear " ith
the A. 5. Il. Co. Black Tip upon them
means just this; shoe bills reduced one
hall, aud neat toes until the shoe is worn
out Parents can prove this by giving
them trial. - .
The Portland daily press., 1881-11-09

ia, for instance, whose hostility to the clergy is
proverbial,-he is capable OF becoming, if his
arms could be confined in some way, q very re-
spectacle menhir indeed. In fact, he seems
predestined to that station in the future, for on
carefully observing the menhirs it is obvious
that form somewhat ovoid with the smaller
end considerably prolonged and fixed in the
earth, was the ideal which the people who
erected them had in view. But though M.
Gambetta, crowned with his very broad
brirnmed hat, has somewhat the desired shape,
his Discrimination to be plunged into the earth
by his opponents is a serious obstacle in the
way OF his taking his place amoug the Soldiers
of St. Conely." The utmost concession he can
be expected willingly to make to the ecclesias-
tical taste for megalithic monuments would be
to take his place in doImen, and lie comfor-
tably over the heads of two petrifed enemies
of the intransigeant party,-Rochefort a: one
end and Clemenceau at the other, for instance.
But even in that case the process OF petrifac-
ton must be most complete for the two verti-
cal parts of the structure in order to give it
even momentary stability.
All the theories in regard to the dolmens
aud menhirs having some weak points which
prevents their general acceptance. shall in
my next letter, with your permission, develope
one due to the researches and inductions Of
your correspondent SMITH.
The Portland daily press., 1881-11-09

Mr.. WALTER, proprietor of the London
Times, has recently recognized the value of
the opinions of the Sanitary Engineer by ad-
dressing to that journal letter in which he
inquiries whether the stencil which often
arises from the sewers through the open
gratings is an unavoidable result of that
method of ventilation. Mr.. Walter writes
that he has often been tormented by this
nuisance in London, and particularly on the
road out of Shanklin, in the Isle of Wight,
on the way to Sandown. The Sanitary En-
gineer replies that the system of ventilating
sewers by perforated covers at frequent in
tervals is now widely practced both in Eu-
rope and in this country, and is generally re-
ceived by engineers as the best method yet
devised, and adds: eff sewers are properly
planned, well constructed and carefully
looked after, the perforation of man-hole
covers for purposes Of ventilation is not
likely to lead to trouble, and such trouble,
when it occurs, is generally symptom of
something wrong in one or more of the
above particulars"
The Portland daily press., 1881-11-09
Advice to Those Using Glasses.
Edinburgh Review.

lEuluUuTBu hoFloHl
Men engaged in literary pursuits should read
most by day and write most by night. 1t is
worthy of note that reading causes more strain
to the eye than writing, and that copying work
in writing makes a greater demand on the Or
gan of vision than offhand composition. Twi-
light and mixture of twilight and artificial
illumination should be avoided for any kind OF
work. The pale cobalt blue tint is the best
that can be employed when protection for the
eye from intense glare is sought, as in the case
of travelling upon snowfelds in bright SUM-
shine. The green glass that is often adopted
for this purpose is not by any means so worthy
OF confidence. Reading in travelling by rail is
Objectionable in the highest degree for very
obvious reasons. The oscillation of the carri-
age continually alters the distance of the page
from the eye, and so calls for unceasing strain
in the effort to keep the organ in due accom-
mediation for the ever-varying distance OF the
dancing image. The exact fitting of the frame
work Of speetacles to the face and eyes Is OF
more importance than is generally conceived
If the centres of the lenses Of the spectacles Do
not accurately coincide with the centres OF the
pupils of the eye, the consequence is that the
images in the separate eyes are little dis
placed from the positions they ought to hold,
and that somewhat painful and injurious ef-
fort has to be made by the eye to bring these
images back in due correspondence for accu-
rate vision. An incpient squint is apt to be in
this way produced. Mr.. Carter recommends
that people should look to the centreing of
their spectacles for themselves. This may be
easily done by standing before looking glass
with the spectacles in their place. II the tit Is
a good one, the centre of the pupil should then
appear in the centre OF the rim. Fully formed
spectaces are always to be preferred to folding
frames, because they permit OF more satisfacto-
ry adjustment in this particular, and because
they are more easily kept in the right position
with regard to the eyes. The only advantage
which the pebble enjoys over glass for the con-
struction OF spectacles is the immunity which
it possesses against scratching and fracturing
on account of its greater hardness.
The Portland daily press., 1881-11-09
NATIONAL THANKSGIVING.
BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA,
a PRoCLAMAT1ON

1t has long been the custom of our people with
the closing of the year to look back upon the bless
ings brought to them in the changing course OF sea-
sons and TO return solemn thanks to the All Giving
Source from whom they flow, and although at this
period when the falling leaf amonishes us that the
time of sacred duty is at hand our nation still
lies in the shadow of great bereavement ana
mourning which has filled our hearts and still nnds
its sorrowful expression towards God before whom
we but lately bowed in grief and supplication, yet
the countless benefits which have showered upon
us during the past twelve months call for out Ter
vent gratitude and make it fitting that we should
rejoice with thankfulness that the Lord in His 1n-
mite mercy has most signally favored our country, ,
and our people. Peace without and prosperity
within have been vouchsafed to u.s. No pestience
has visited our shores. The abundant privileges OF
freedom which our fathers left us in their wisdom
are still our increasing heritage, and if in parts OF
our vast domain, some affiietion has visited our
brethren forest homes yet even this calamity
has been tempered, and in a manner sanctlhed by
the generous compassion for the sufferers which
has been called forth throughout our land For all
these things is meet that the voice Oh the Naon
should go up to God in devout homage.
Wherefore /, Chester A. Arthur, PRESIDENT or
the United States, do recommend that al the
people observe Thursday, the 24th day of Novem-
Der instant, as day of national thanksgiving and
PRAYER by ceasing so far as may be from their
secular labors and meetingin their several places
of worship there to join in ascribing honor and
praise to Almighty God whose goodness has been SO
manifest in history andSin our lives, and offer
Jog earnest prayers that His bountes may continue
to us and to our children.
In witness whereof have hereunto set my hand
and caused the seal of the United States to be
affixed.
Done at the city of Washington this fourth day Of
November in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty-one and of the indie
pendence of the United States the one hundred
CHESTER A. ARTHUR.
BY the President
JAMES G. BLAINE, Secretary of State.
The Portland daily press., 1881-11-09
cincinnati Commercially
heath of Major T.. S. ThrOOp.

Major Everett S. Throop died at his resi-
dence, at West Fourth street, about 2 o'clock
Yesterday afternoon. He had been in deelin-
ing health for some months, and on Saturday
had a severe chill, after which he sank into
Inconsistencies, and so passed away. He was
born in Eaton, Madison county, N. Y, Octo-
ber 5, 1886. AS a boy he was noted for his
passionate fondness for books, and when
quite young he became the head of country
school, In 1857 he came to Cincinnati, where
he took the position of teacher in one OF our
public schools, at the same time studying law.
Immediately after his admission to the bar
of Hamilton county in April, 1861, he enlisted
as private in Co. A, Sixth Ohio (Col. Mich.
Anderson's) Regiment, and served in it until
it was mustered out. He soon become adiu-
tant of the regiment, and was wounded at
Chickamauga. After short absence at Gin
cinnati tc got cured of his wound, he rejoined
his regiment in time to take part in the battle
of Chattanooga and of Nilsson Ridge, whore
he was one of the foremost of the stormers. He
was brevetted major when the regiment was
mustered out.
In 1864 he began the active practice Of law
in Cincinnati, and was married in April, 1868,
to Mary j. G. Abbott, daughter OF the Hon.
George j. Abbott, then at the head OF the
consular bureau at Washington; there are OF
this marriage two sons and three daughters.
Major Throop was man of marked charac-
ter independent, resolute and remarkable Tor
full and clear information on the subjects that
interested him. He was making his profess
sional way rapidly, when the decline in his
health interfered. II he could have held his
strength he would have commanded large sue
cess. His ability was great, and his integrity
of character recognized. His death covers
with afliction home that was very happy
one. and among his comrades in the army and
social friends, there are many who Will hear
of his death with equal regret and surprise.