, 1881-10-01

beer Yeast Wnicn naS eAddustS" az -
ailments. The anthracoid mlerooe 10
artificial cultures behaves very differently.
Tn the blood of animals, as in cultures, 1t
is found in translucid flaments more or
less segmented. This blood or these
cultures freely exposed to air. lrs'ead OF
continuing according to thu first mode OF
generation, show at The end OF As hours
corpuscle germs distributed in series more
or less regular along the hlaments. All
around these corpuscles matter Is aosoio-
ed, as I have represented 1t formerly 10
one of the plates OF my WORK on tne
diseases of silk worms. Little by little all
copnexion between them disappears, and
presently they are reduced to nothing
more than germ dust. It you make these
CORFU clps germinate, the new culture
reproduces the virulence peculiar to the
thready form which has produced these
corpuscles, and this result is seen even
after a long exposure of these germs to
contact with air. Recently We discover
ed them in pits in which animals lead OF
splenic fever mad been buried Tor IL years.
and their culture was IS vlfnleut as thae
from the blood of an animal Recently dead.
Here [ regret extremely to he obliged
to shorten my remarks. | should hAVe
had much pleasure in demonstrating nat
the anthracoid germs In the earth III pts
in which auimais have been buried are
brought to the surface by earthWotInS'
ana tltat iu this fact we may had the
whole etiology of the disease, naSmuch as
the anima's swallow these germs VITA
their food. A great difficulty presents 1t.
self when we attempt to apply our method
of attenuation by the oxygen OF the air
to the authracojd microbes. The vlruIeLce
establishing Itself eoly quickly, otten utter
fourand-twenty hours IN an antIfacOld
germ which escapes ;he ac ION OF the am
It was Impossible 10 think Of discovering
the vaccine OF %spisnic fever in the cohdl'
lions which had yielded that OF chicAen
c Ioiera but was there df er all reason 10
be discouraged ? Certainly not. In iact'
if YOU observe closely you will fad that
there is no zeal difference between We
mode Of the generation of the arth'qco'd
germ by session and that OF chl,ken
cholera. Ne had therefore reason II hope
thai we might overcome The difficulty
WHICH StoVt'u 10 W O"', 80
prevent the antbracoid microbo from
producing ~corpuscle germs and to keep
il in this condition in contect with oxygen
for days, and weeks aud months. The
experiment fortunately succeeded. In
the ineffective %neat'e] doui-lOn de poulc
the anthracCid microoe is 10 longer cul-
tivatatle at 45des.,C. Its cultuIe, how
ever, is easy at 42deg. or 43deg., bur in
these conditions the microbe yields no
spores. Consequently it is possible TO
maintain in Contact with tbs pure ar
at AZ or 43deg. a nyc.fenne culture of
bacteridies entirely free OF germs. Then
appear ,he very remarkable re>uIts which
follow. liz q month or six weeks the cul-
ture dies. That is to say it one I'm prtg-
mates with it fresh d~ouiHon, the latter Is
completely sterile. Up till that time life
exists in The vase exposed TO air and heat.
II we examine the vltnlence of the culture
at The end of two days. four days, SIX days,
eight days, &C., it will be found that long
before the death Of the cullure The
mlcrobe has lost all vlruIence, although
still cultivabie. Before THIS period it
is found that The culture presents a series
of ~attenuated virulences. Everything
is SIMILAR to what happens 10 respect to
tbs mlerobe in chicken cholera. Besides, each
IF these conditions of attenuated vlruIeEce may
be reproduced by culture; 10 fact, since The
char60R does not operate a secOnl time me re-
cidiue paS), eaon Of our sttenuated aElhra-
- r;.ho, cons ituieS for the SnD4riOr