The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-07-09

his servants. And he will Ia he the tenth of your
seed, and of your vineyards and give 70 ms o,oeIs
servants, and your goodiest young men: ana your
asses, and put them 10 his work. lie VIII take tne
tenth of your sheep and We shall be his servants.
This description applies not only to SAUL but II APP
plies equally well to David and TO solomon, ana
indeed to every succeeding king OF Israel Inc CON
duct described entirely IN the spirit OF the
world. such the rulers ana such the political
PRINCIPLES of those vast ASatic empires the AsSy-
rian babylonian Persian, whose greatness ana gI9Ty
we still so much admire. And even the Republics
of the ancient world partook OF tne same geheraii
character, and were governed by the same general
principles. The States ofGreece and Rome were Tree
as bodies polite. They were free eommonwealths,
but the citizens of those States were not Tree IN our
sense of the term. Their employmentS, their pur-
suits their habits, their modes OF life their opinions
their religion and worship all regulated by the
state Ne dream much of the glory of ancient
Greece and of ancient Rome, but II IS distance,
in mis- case as in many Others, that lends enchan
meut TO the view No American, who has grown mp
in the free air of this western world, could be com
Portable for moment in such repubhe as mat OF
is this absorption of the individual in the State
thai accounts in large measure, for the massive
grandeur of the ancient oriental monarchies. Like
the plains of Western Asia, and the mountains oy
which they are surrounded, every thing connected
The remains OF their ruined walls and cities, and
temples still asonish the modern traveller by their
greatness. We can show nothing Ike them IN our
age and country. And the armies whleh their kings
ud 10 lead into the field surpassed in numbers and
in strength all the ornaments of modern times.
neople who possess but will and one conscience
and that the will and conscience of the ruling mon
arch are pm ysically stronger than peopieof whom
,,r,- iU,iyitual possesses a Will and conscience OF
~ cvn Rnt white such people may be very grand
as a whole raise very great armies night great bat
Ties build great cities pile up byclOpean walls erect
towers whose tops shall reach % heaven, the indI-
vidual citizen amounts 10 nothing at all, He is
merely the embodiment of 50 much brute force, TO
no welded by the central will, and for the benefit Of
the central head. His life has no value for itself
but only for the state and for the government. In
one word the government exists not ioT the oehcht
OF the citizen, but the cltzeh exists toF te pleasure
n nj the glory OF the government
Such was the theory Of government in the cid
world and such the principles on which thrones
Ven built down TO a comparatively recent period
The opposite principle OF individual AbeFty, tAe
principle that the individual Is Of some account for
irsf and possesses rights which the state is bound
tn resDect was indeed, long struggling ioT reeOsnl
ton ii was this struggle Tor personal liberty tina;
tr5ai he soul ofthe English revolution in the
enteenth century but the principle then gained only
partial recognition; and the divine right oil kings
II was only in this western world, when, On the
fourth Of july l576 the old bell on the state House
az philadelphia rang out with its brazen tongue the
first uotes OF national tdftdeo that the pFlhclPie
az orrsSgHl Independence personal freedom, OBJ
tained its complete triumph Ihat was me Prii,S,i
pie Of the American revolution, ana that Principe
mas determined the genius OF our American instltu
tons Ii IS expressed, in the Declaration OF lnde
r,endence in words which are A. profound as sheE
ar sublime: I'VE hold these truths % be self-eNi
dent that all men are created equal. hat they are
endowed by their Creator with certain una4ieiiaDe
RIGHTS that among these are life, liberty, and the
pursut OF happiness. That, 10 secure These rghts
governments are Instituted among men, deriving
fheir lust powcrs from the consent Of the governed
All men are created equal That deciaIaii ON
has beeR ridiculed a. seiI-eNiuen1 aosuF5tly. ~
would hg such il IL were intended % Dc understood
in A 0rlrrnT SIX. But here Il j. meant ouly IN
poiioal sense. Politically, ~ far as political rishls
fiovernuputs are necessity. but the powers Of gov
eminent are not committed % superior nlce- The
blood OF hereditary rulers Is not more noble han
that which flows in the veins Of their subjects and
their power rests upon no special divine grant but
il traced back far enough, always VIII = found 70
have been derived from some violent Ntmrod VINO
was a mightier and bloodcr hunter OF men than
Others Of his kind Ihe Old hctien OF NE aiylne
right Of kings, and Of titled aIlstoerseles me5lts
only the scosu and iudi gnsEaou Of Intelligent inen
No human being was cycg created simply sor tne
purpose Of miuisegng 10 the comfort aud gratiicA
iior, ~ otlers EvcTy human soul j. the expression
az Sfsarial divine thought and Is iheTtfurer Of III
fr,ite valT,c no: merely tor the for the
,Icr b,s f,r its.slI That Is the teaching OF the
Christian religion. and that IS the principle which
inspired the DECLARATION OF lndefelaciec me in-
sfiyifiual i n0s GRATED mercy specimen o. is
kind s0UlleSs and meaningless part Of some huge
leviaihAn. called The nation but A. an ethical SUP
iart eEeu ed By the Creator with certain Eu&Etcna
ble rfghts among which arc life liberty. and the
pursuit OF happiness. To secure ttass-, tasaA EAF
for he government but the governments Is for men
Governments are divine only A. tley ar tae nss1
srv outxrowth Of the dvinciy ordained laws u hui
man society. The end Of gSscFtinen. = a9s ne
fleasirs al she ruler the glory q the Common
wealth, eai the safety me hn.Isl AM te "a H.
OF the citizen And ms sacsciigss 81 keNetali.tN'
faws not fTum some imaginary divine institution
but fnsm the measure IN which, y sntseEfes tah
end Whenever government tails % ssare ihts
md when II becomes suhNersivt % the welfare %
liberty OF the people. then q Is the tga % nc lo-
Nc - charge such government ither By modifying
is form by changing - aEcnts q both, and -
recognizing is powers a. " bring q tack % 10 tc
climate IsaFpose - delns - W. lss - -
but they are only modifying 10 human form - ~
facilitate the proper activity Of th4s 9lSine sleiaesi
r.irs "a Al ire rs5pie This j. not disloyA atty and
L IS not freasn u The powers thai b. i Is oaiy a.
reeuag those powers 70 their proper channel and
guiding them 30 their proPcr end
such sas the doctrins Of the sgaers q ne nsS.A'
ration Of lndsp<ndence sach ne aossf.ne 3, re -
thers q the Revolution. and snch = ne d1Ftflns
underlying cur constitution and our Whole isliAeai
system. The oRe unique FEATURE e our ps,iiieai
system Is TIE division u power PTS q Al nc -
liiicAi power Of the nafinu y divided be&NesA ms
stsle and federal government Tic iolerAl gov
erslferf rsssssa certain delegated powers icokiEE
h. ~ general safety and peace % tbs he2e people
The state governments Tos1ss certain iaoeegs saA
Ing r. ta welfare Of the s-ople uiti4n theig tor.
49,. ,xlirk ~, federal government md TIE gnvcru-
menu % other states aaTe noi ViQsA5e AAe AZ
ranEcalenf Ne owe ~ sanch iestA p y rs - tei'es
81 iroFtrnaisi circua a. - the VISION q
The 6atherS Historically the staies hayr aoi EsoHn
out 81 the nation. bot the nation h@s gFosn cot q
fcsisFal government and the latter owes is eNls
sear - the E5Taef. lhts h4stnricAi tacf he ~ ne
foandatl01 q TIE political arrangement aad The
haRehf o. this Arrangement &c came. AZ ItlAs -
highly Oar country Is TOO lArs = e E'iea sci y
one eltFal government without laas ss.ssa ?. -
governments ssFetchinE irom the Atlantic Y tRe
Pacific OCEAN and fFum the Northern lAkcS - ne
Gulf Of Mexico and containing an Area os 1853
SQUARE mgs tiur4uaes Al aEiety q sci NsliAe
Aid pru1ucts which must necessarily give Ttse -
graf differences Of employ tastes and hAosts
among the people. and ulcss demand taAt tae sen
eraf rTlreirlss az iaw and government should - Ai
piied with great mGilncatiuns "a dlsesvu! sections
os iocaiit3e that b lhe sae ~ ne ieislA. $500
should be made for Independent Local say czsile1ss
whose business Il is % protect aud hsief e1l inieE
rstx In 4 country 50 large and diversified - o'trs
such A well arranged system o. feticss and ilesl
r1yernucts : an Indispensable c0nltfl1G ~ foiiAi-
cal stability en- the one hand AH9 g pyfss..1 io,t
~ and harpiness On The other. ~ ols ssa5s So
ernmcutS could b. abolished and al political fg e
concentrated In oeistrl government he fysliI
Wosl Ia - the speedy deYc0pGmcnt, Oh nas AnaeFt-
can soil 81 dsSpoasm similar ~ thGtni use aticeni
oriental emplres deSposisra that might maintain
vast standiag Arnios and dazzle The World IN iise
st,fqnar 81 "a POSER but 1espu5isrn that would
crush the life Of the people. eat up Their substance
and reduce them % tht capacity 81 hleFe s'4iieas
TheFe has been tendency o. late years . ideftfy
The idea o. nationality with the tart o. eleEai -
ccntrsl governm0nL The question whether &c are
A nation has been answered. by pointing u TIC iea
eral government, whose authority i paramount
C;uf Baf thas Is not the Asls Of nationality
and the life Of The nslion - not ee vita ne isl
n IA. nation hat the legitimate authority q tae
federal government should D. acknoNlcsieea all
obeyed on every inch q our vast country. by y
equally necessary the peace and safety yea 10 tie
very Ifs Of the nAt0n that The local OF STATE 9ot
ernmeuus should be ireated with slered FesPsSL
Neither the fact Of the federal governments hoL S
fart sf M. state governments constitutes the basis OF
our nationality. The fact % our nati0aasiiy lie
deeper than either and IS unaffected by any disputes
CONCERNING the relative powers Of the gencFal and
Sfate royernpaeuts We ar q nation. Though We
count thirty uine stars IN The field Of our glorious
Tag representing sistcrhoOd Of thirty nine STATE
vet nos thirty -Rine nations neFeiF coi'ietI
I We are one nation We are one nation because We
are one people speaking one language, Eass.sslns
common spirit and common Traditions AM oeink
animated By common love 81 liberty, lheFe ar
local differences among US. the pcopie ~ A@sflu
sets Just la every respect the saiae - my
Of south Carolina, and that Is reason ny we s
Die OF one section should not meddle with the 10
nestle Affairs Of another. But these 9Inetetlee ="
not obiteTate the features which We have III com
mon; and these differences. whatever lneg aft NA-
isted already in the time of the Revolution bot te
did not prevent the men Of Maryland ana Echtis9l-
. yania OF Virginia and New YORK OF South thf1iiha
aud Massachusetts, from standing shoulder 70 shSut
der in the great contest for liberty. when the uat
te-ery Of Freedom first raised on the heshs 81
| Boston, the men Of the South fastened 70 mlhsle
their blood with that Of the men OF New England IN
defence OF the common cause. and Nhen Inc plains
Of the south were Oyerrun by the bordes 81 IneF-
ciless foe the hardy Of the North came % ep
70 hurl them back into the These memories ot
glorious past belong not 70 one section but 70 the
| whole country and thcy will do more TO deyeiope
| the national feeling and 70 make the Union perptt
ual than the Eistioa Of modern slateslnAilssp can
/ ever do.
Another safeguard TO liberty in the structure OF
our political system Is the division OF the functions
of the government and the organization Of them IN
three independent departments the legislative. the
judicial and the executive. II Is true TINS arrange
ment is modelled, in its general features after tne
system Of the English constitution. But II = ohly
here in America that the principles OF the system
have been consistently carried out 50 as 70
department OF the government, IN any ehetINc
sense, q check upon the others In our Gay u mas
I been the fashion 10 be moze concerned ior the
safety and dignity OF the government than tor the