Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-07-15
STATE NORMAL INSTITUTE.
Proceedings of the Ninth Day---Con
tinued Interest Manifested.

Reported officially for the CHRONICLE.
The Normal Institute is still increasing III
numbers, and the roll is now fast closing on
two hundred. The lectures are becoming
more interesting, and under the close atten-
ton paid by the audience, the lecturers are
speaking with more animation.
Prof. Soldan led off yesterday morning
on Pedagogics, reviewing for greater part
his lecture published in yesterdays issue,
relating to mechanical, logical and aestheti-
cal reading, saying that by eultivatiag the
logical or what calls forth the powers Of
feeling and grasping by the mind, promotes
both the other styles. His lecture was a
thoroughly polished and rounded discourse,
and presented some valuable instruction to
the teachers
Prof. Garrett suspended the drawing of
maps for half an hour to call the attention
of teachers to certain points. He said first,
in regard to coloring Heretofore We have
followed rules; the work of all is very much
the same, and within an approximation OF
mathematical correctness. Now we enter
the domain of taste. Aesthetic writers
place utility as one of the clements of taste.
Whatever is useful is beautiful. Within
proper limits teachers should Use
the amiable motto, Anything to please the
children. Bright colors and strong con-
trasts please pupils and present the features
of country in bold relief.
| Second-Rough outlines should be drawn
in class under the teachers direction, to be
finished at home. References were given
to leading educational writers and text
books,
! Third-Earious methods of map draw
ing were briefly reviewed; methods with
scales and without with latitude and longi-
tude and without, with leading lines and
without, and special services unnumbered.
References were given to various text books
and authors.
The method used as an illustration was
explained and the point presented that it
provided a scale both for lIneal measure and
square measure, and did not distract atten-
ton from the main object by continually
stopping to measure. Our object is to
teach pupils to copy maps, not to make
| maps. We need not go into the science of
map-making, | rojections, etc The
method given is general, simple and suf-
tclent to copy any map within any de-
sired measure of precision, and to en-
large or diminish it to any scale The
drawing of the map was then resumed.
The third hour was devoted to Botony,
under Prof. McBryde. He said: Il will
conclude my remarks on stems. What is
often taken for a root is a subterranean
stem. An orhizorme is a stem of this kind
it is a subterranean deposition of nutritlve
matter, longer than broad while germ is
broader than long. A bule is a stem of
! iYI of ,s +I,o
A tuber (potato) Is a stem of this kind,
bearing buds. Condensed stems rarely
ever bear leaves Cactus family.) He dis
+ cussed the different kinds of cells, among
which are the rounded, woody,
bast, dotted, uticulated and spiral
He also discussed and explained
the different kinds of tissue. He gave the
modes of growth which divides the vegeta-
BILE world into two great kingdoms, namely,
endogenOus or inside growers, an example
of which is given in the corn and palmetto,
and the exogenous, which compose all our
forest trees. With one of the Partisan
models of an exogenous tree, Prof. McB.
explained the different parts, showing the
concentric rings of growth, and telling how
the age of tree can be told by a transverse
section. He spoke of the longevity and
celebrity of certain monster trees, and
|
which he defined as the epidermis of
the stem expanded to cover bundle of
fiber vascular tissue He gave graphic
illustration of the leaf, showing the differ
ent cells, and explained the stomata or
| breathing organs of the plants which
range from 700 to 10000 to the square
inch. The stomata are to expose the
interior surface to the action of the air.
He explained the chemical action of the
leaf in the presence of sunlight in decom-
posing carbonic acid gas and hberating
oxygen for the respiration of animals.
After a recess of fifteen minutes, Prof.
E. S. Joynes continued his lectures on
English He spoke of the grammatical
forms, saying: 1.-The German and Latin
adjectives are declined all the way through,
having gender, number and case Both
sides have complex system of grammati-
cal infections. They were brought in and
forced together by eonquering power, and
became fused as ii were. AS result, the
endings not essential to either the Latin or
Saxon were rubbed off, and the child of the
marriage of the two-the English adjective
has no declension, and performs all of its
functions. This is the profound process
which has made it the simplest of all Ian
guages The etymology of the language is
hardly anything The noun has scarcely
declension; the vegb has not more than five
forms at the outside. The parts of speech
in English have become absolutely con-
founded.
What part of speech is love? 1t is any
thing everything and nothing. What is
this protean something? l chase it through
every form of grammar, but cannot find it..
These elements no longer grammatical, they
are simple logic forms, because its logical
elements present ideas in purely abstract
shape. You can fit word in English in
any place in the sentence. You cannot use
the word love in Latin without the swad-
ding clothes of grammatical form. Part of
speech in English is mainly logical, and
known not by its dress but by its use.
English parsing is easy and more important
than Latin. A true analysis is far
more difficult. Words phrases and
clauses do not tell upon them
selves. but are yelled in purely
logical form, which are largely elliptical or
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. based On forms
which have disappeared Many forms are
concrete. They have grown together,
fused and crystaized thus into phrases in
capable of word analysis. Out of this con-
hict grows auxiliary systems. They are
vent phrases and called compound FORMS
After Professor Joynes concluded, the
members of the school attended their
optional studies, and afterward listened to
a lecture from Professor Joynes on Pen
manship.
TENTH DAYS PROCEEDINGS.
The school opened yesterday morning
1