davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
BONdPARTE AND B1RR1S.


The doctrine that human affairs are reoulotod law
chance or luck, and that great fortunes are ada
more by the combination OF proptiOus
than by the intrinsic merits of the fortune Lor
has generally been thought to derive support from
thu story OF the First Napoleon 1t is often benvnd
been great general and nothing more If n pecuiiar
accident had not led To ms early acquaintance with
the French capital, and to that most notable inci
dent OF his early life when he saved the
from impending ruin and Paris from the mob
However this may be, it is certainly intercstinO In
know how far the accepted records of this circnn
stance correct, and how the first impulse was
given TO the rise of name and character the most
celebrated in modern times. A granddaughter of
written To the French papers to protest against the
story that Barras first procured the appointment of
BOnapartc to the command of the troops in Paris.
According to her version, Barras altogether
at loss where to look for a man who would fight
his battles against the Sections whose rage against
the Directors on the point of breaking out into
violence. The established Government, silly and
corrupt as it was, had sufficient body of troops
under its command to resist the violence of the in
and popularity to whom it would intrust the task of
leading these soldiers. Barras, accordingly applied
to Citizen LarOche-Or Monsieur LarOche, as his
granddaughter rather grotesquely calls him to
know II he could recommend man, and then the
name OF Napoleon was mentioned But Barras, it
appears, rather turned up his nose at the sugges-
ton, and even refused to sign the order appointing
him 30 that this document, which is still preserved
bears only the single signature of LarOche, who was
at that time president of the Assembly. Had the
order been cancelled by any one of the Directors
the history of France and of Europe since that time
might have been very different from what il .las
been.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04

enable T Prof. Won Quenstedt, the renowned
luolngen geologist, and all others who ex-
pressed the desire, to examine his microscopic
preparations. 1t is understood that all those
t Mmo nave ayailed themselves of the opportunity
ulneness of DR.. Hahn's discovery.
~ is very interesting to note the position
!aken by the greatest of all living evolutionsts
IN IN this controversy, if it still be called such
Unarles Darwin, on receipt of DR.. Hahn work,
wL1'e 10 MN: =" =. 1t seems to be very diff
o crt TO doubt that your photographs exhibit
your discovery is certainly one of the
nlost important" Not content with the mere
presentation of his work, DR.. Hahn visited he
veteran zooogist and brought his preparations
10 nm Tor inspection. No sooner had Mr. Oar
WIN peeped through the microscope on one of
ne hnest specimens when he started up from
ms seat ana exclaimed: Almighty God! what
a wonderful discovery! Wonderful - And
AFTER pause of silent reflection he added:
" Now reaches life DOWN. The latter remark
no no doubt refers to the proof furnished by Dr.
liam $ discovery that organisms can reach our
planet from celestial space
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
THE ORIGIN or THE CHINESE PTGTfIL.



recent Imperial ctct on the subject calls orr at
tcntion to the origin of the Igtal which is now
the distinctive mark OF nat We of the Flowery
country where everything ia so ancient and where
50 few innovations have been tolerated, that tins
practice. which was originally the badge of con-
quest, should have been not merely accepted, but
permitted to intcrtwine itself 80 closely with the
national life that il would now require forcibe
to induce the people to forego II. For in
the days before the Manchu conquest, when the
throne was occupied by the great dynastles of an
tiquity, the Chinese allowed their hair to grow as
best it pleased them and they were even known to
some of their ncighbors as the long-haired race"
But hen the great soldier Noorhachu marched south
wards from Moukdcn to conquer China, and establish
the Manchu dynasty, he gave order to his euten-
ants to compel the people, they submie ed to shave
their heads in token of their surrender. The Man
chus were thus enabled to discover at q glance
which of the Chinese were vanQuishcd, and which
were not; while the thoroughness of their success
was expressed in the most formal and emphatic
This practice, which was adopted partly from tho
exgencies arising out of the conquest of the multi
was continued and became an integral portion of
the Manchu system of government, and the result
has tended to confirm the wisdom of the founders OF
the present dynasty The popular views on the sub,
ject OF the pigtail have not yet been ascertained
with any degree Of certitude; but 10 may be re-
marked that all the Instructions of the last twenty
years have put forward, of their features the
intention to renew this practice, which has there
been represented as badge OF conquest There
now. however, seems more chance than ever OF ITS
perpetuation.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
TIE PANAMA CANAL.

correspondent of the JournGl DIES DcLafs
describes the progress already made with W.
DE Lcsscps's undertaking. The first practical
work al amy importance vet completed is the
construction OF a pathway from Colon to
Panama, which has been cleared of trees and
thirty 10 sixty feet. Now that th, has been
Effected, it Is possible for the first time to yet
II clear idea OF the work which is before the
company. Hitherto it has been only by rather
vague gucsscs that the lag of the surface could
be COnIcctuTcd, lnaSmuCh as the thick foliage
OF the trees spreading over the valleys and
ravIncs, often made IL difficult even 10 see
that these existed. If il was assumed as the
DcbdtS thinks, that III these cases the ground
was az Hat rs the tops of the trees. then the
discovery oi deep dcprcssions 80 aIchcd over
VIII be "a great gam III estimating the extent
OF the excavation works.
There Is, however, another point in which
the most recent explorations are REGARDED rs nm
cXpectcdly favorable. II wa assumed when the
plans were made that all along the route of the
projected canal Il stratum ot hard rock would
be found underlying the soil AT "A depth OF
about twelve feet. But at Empcrador, where
The principal bOrlngs have been made il is
stated that ON March 81 the instrument had
reached Il depth OF thTty-scVcn feet without
rock which appeared was only "A laycr about
SIX 1cct thick, succeeded underneath by n
mixture Ol clay and soft stone which went
down to depth of sxty-four feet. where the
bore was still working lately without cncouti-
terllg any rock. II IA now said that the cx-
caNatlon works VIII be begun about October
next, aitcr the rainy season, and in the mean
ume the preparatory operations are being
actively carried on by companies of worllmriI
recruited from among the inhabitants and
from Carthagcna, whence they have been
driven ny IN INVASION OF lOcusls.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
CURRENT RELIGIOUS OPINION.

We fully agree with our contemporaries, who arc
expressing their wonder that the religions SerV ices
nal Celebration, should he committed TO two
Roman Catholic Bishops 1t Il likely that tins
singular arrangement Is intended "A compliment
to the French whose fathers took part the siege
and some of whom Will be present. But a much
less marked recognition woud have answered.
The present arrangement. VIII not fail 10 disgust
very many Americans.-lIhe National Baptist.
1t is not strange that the sabbath is so generally
desecrated. The authorities IA the large cities
can't he sand 10 wink at its violation; they shut
their eyes, and keep them shut. In Brooklyn. on u
recent sunday, the amphli heatre and tents TOR
circus were erected with great noise and confusion
and the animals were brought the grounds.
Hundreds and thousands of men and boys women
and children, were attracted TO the grounds from
early morning Uader the present Commissioner
many Improvements have been made. Whose fault
IL that such an outrage upon the religious part
of the community and such public violation of law
perpetTated with mpunlty But. doubtless,
what the managers of thai circus did there Is done
by similar concerns when and where IL suits their
CONFERENCE.-The Christian Advocate.
We are not sure hut the secular press, during
the warm season, should share ITS profits with the
churches; at least IL ought to acknowledge It's in
debtedness TO them for much of its matter. At tho
beginning of summer il has column upon column
upon the closed churches and the ministerial vaca-
tion columns full of eNaggeratiCn and at its close
appear similar columns upon the churches reopened.
The singular tact about a. all Is. that this rhodo-
montade comes from those who seldom IN summer
or winter, darken the doors OF Christian church,
ana Tor whom the clergy are never called to minis
ter except II be at their funeral. Out of their own
mouths they condemned, for if public wors be
important they make it, what excuse can they
render for their neglect of itf There is always an
open church a few blocks away and the minister
who takes necessary rest leaves his substitute to
MI his place. We read one of these curious dIa-
tribes not long since, written within a throw
of st, PauPs chapel which Sunday is never
closed, ana within few blocks of Trinity, which is
open thee hundred aud sxty-tve days i'm the yeax
There are eyes that apparently constituted
s a. 20 see only the spots on the sun but " Is
world.-lThe Churchman
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPI E.
THE "BROWN GOALS" OF THE FAR
WEST

The United States Territories and the States
on the Pacific coast do not contain any coal OF
the carboniferous age, but they contain an
abundance of the kind of fossil fuel Gale d
Ignite" or Brown Coal" This Ignite,
which is found i'll the earth like coal, and has
It's appearance and uses, and is, therefore, en-
titled TO be called coal occurs in greater or less
quantities in all, or nearly all the States and
Territories between the Missouri River and tie
Pacific coast The principal localities where it
is most in demand and found of the best
quality, are along the line of the Union Pacific
and Kansas Pacific Railroads, IN the southern
Colorado. 1t is also abundant on the
Northern Pacific Railroad. "Lignite' tends to
cTumble soon after exposure to the weather.
ms tendency is the cause of great waste ut
the nllnes-all the greater, that those tertiary
Goals can scarcely ever be made to melt and
agglutlnate into a firm coke. AS ascertained by
their analysis, they all contain water in their
composition. Hence it is difficult to obtain a
strong concentrated heat, such as is needed for
welding iron i'll the forge fire. As fuel for
locomotives and for domestic purposes, nclud-
ing cooking as well as warming Ignite in gen
eral answers well. 1t kindles and burns freely,
making q bright fire with yellow blaze and
comparatively little smoke The OdOr of the
smoke resembles the smell of burning peat
The presence of iron pyritcS in Ignite is an
Objectionable feature producing danger of
spontaneous combustion. These iron pyrites
can be removed 10y Washing Much of the
Ignite of the Pacific coast is more compact, APP
proachcS nearer to true coal and furnishes
better fuel than that of the Upper Missouri.
Its great defect, however, is its tendency to
crumbe by exposure. To convert Ignite into
good transportable fuel, adapted to man Nfactur
ing and domestic uses, is claimed to b feasible.
Some recent processes for utilizing bltumnOus
coal dust are soon to be applied to its pIepara-
ton and in this way ii is hoped that the vast
will be converted into valuable sources of fuel
supply.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
ASTRONOMICAL CIPHER CODE.

The Science Observer, published by the Bos-
ton Scientific Society, under thc immediate
cdltorShP OF j. Ritchc, ir., and devoted To the
publication of astronomical news, and cspcci
ally whatever Is of immediate importance TO
the working astronomer, contains, IN its last
issue (NOs. and 10 of vol. iiD, "a paper 10y ;.
{. Chandler and Mr. Rtchic on new foIm OF
writing tclcgiaphlc messages for transmitting
Astronomical data. The method, says The
1mcr7cdn JOUrHdi Of Science makes it possible
to send messages containing astronomical
detail, such as the elements and cphcmeriS of II
comet, without any danger of error. \ die
u0naly Is used IN making out the codc-ciphcr-
NorccStcrs Comprehensive Dictionary, edition
OF 1876. This book contains 800 pages, with
over 100 words to page; consequently, any
integral number. up to $4,000, can be- repre-
scented by word; for example: l6,71N, 10y
the 18TH word on page l61, which is electric :;
3i31 IL, 10y the Eth word on page $40, which
Is proportionablcncss April 14d lOh Ism e.
April Lid II,=l3Iij day of the year - cor
13J.l1, on leap XcarO 10y the 18th word ON
page l3l, which Is crush, ANA SO ON. In a
SINH ar manner each position of an cphcmcris
can be represented 10y two words, one for the
right ascension, and one for the north polar
distance, which Is to bc preferred To dcclina-
Ton, aS the distinction OF plus aud minus is
thereby avoided.
The code has already been put into use he
tween Boston and the Dun Echt Observatory.
For one example The elements and ephcmcris
of comet OBJ 1881, computed at Boston. were
communicated to Lord Crawford. mt Dun Echt,
IN The, ,WordS-clcrgy pyrhic linger armillary
''NN liiii'lhtN u'ftN Guinness SUihiNtUtioH
chaIy stoncwork comprchcnsiblcnc>> staggad
curse spondaical contest diapentc, The word
lllltcracy was IA control word, introduced to
show whether the elements had been correctly
received. 1t is the word i'm the dictionary
which corresponds To one fourth of the sum OF
the numbers expressing the clcmcntS,-a fourth
beng taken so that 1.-THE number may be al
ways within the limit of n 100 page book -"
The publisher of he Science observer an
nonnccs that he will supply copies of the paper
containing all the details a, to the code cipher
printed on heavy paper for observatory uec. for
- cents each, and will send copy of the Die
tOnary, postpaid, for ~ %
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
POSSIBILITIES OF CAST IRON.

There Is II class of cast-lon work that for.
merly was imported more extensively than
now, which gave us minute articles of use, and
even ornamental appendagcs to dress, so light
in weight and so apparently fragile in form rs
to suggest fine hand labor. 1t was supposed,
says NE Metal WORKER that we had no material
or means to reproduce such dIminutive and
fragile articles from cast non. But recent im-
proNcmcntS, both III material and manipuli ton,
prove that we can almost equal the dcicacy of
what is known rs " Berlin from
Fine charcoal iron possesses wonderful pro-
pertIcs OF iiudlty when in Il molten state it
mus us way INTO the smallest intcrSticcs of the
mould, ANA comes out cooled, II definite repro
auction OF the imprint OF the pattern. so exact
Is tins reproduction that bare lines to be repre-
sented only by very fine wire, come from the
mould perfect IN form and quite tenacious in
texture. Articles of cast iron cast i'm n mould
of sand, which require fifty or n hundred to
Daahce quarter pound eight. are as readily
produced here rs articles weighing pounds.
IL may be doubted if any metal is capable of
producing more dlminutivc objects than iron.
AS instances OF the possibilities of charcoal iron
III castings, let anyone examine the delicate
snoe-Duckles and t-bucllcs, the shawl
clasps, and ornamental hair pins, called steel,
when bear FURNISHED surface rivalling that
VI snvGt; re Wlii hnd they are of cast iron,
very brittle, and showing bright iron fracture.
Quantities or these articles are made in Eng
iand. 1hey are said to he cast in sand mOulds,
.hc same us masses OF IRON are cast and that
come out as perfect rs the heavier castings.
In short the possibilities of cast iron range
from the utmost capacity of adjoining cupOas,
capable OF melting thirty tons, to the hand
laule that, with ten pounds of metal, pOurs for
thousand separate articles.
FOSSIL ORGANISMS IN METEORITEs.
DIR. Hahn's discovery Of fossil organisms in
meteOrltes, says a correspondent of Science, has
stirred up a lively discussion of this highly in
terestlng subject. DR.. Hahn has taken steps to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
THE PLOTTING TIDE.

Inc SLOW green wave comes curling from the bay
ana leaps III spray along the sunny marge
ANA steals little more and more away
And browns the dulse, and lifts The stranded
barge.
Leave me, strong tide, my smooth and yellow shore a..
but the clear waters deepen more and more;
Leave me my pathway of the sands strong tide:
Yet are the waves more fair tnan all they hide
AUGUSTA WEBSTER.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04

A fund of about $4,000 is now available
under the will of the late John McKeegan. of
Charleston, :. c., Ia be used in the rebuilding
of the Episcopal Cathedral of II. Johns and
st. FnbaT's, which has been in ruins since the
great fire in December 1851. The original
cditicc cost $4,000
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04
FOSSIL ORGANISMS IN METEORITEs.

Dr. Hahn's discovery Of fossil organisms in
meteOrltes, says a correspondent of Science, has
stirred up a lively discussion of this highly in
terestlng subject. DR.. Hahn has taken steps to
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04

In speaking of the recovery of President Gar
field from his last relapse The COngregdtionalist
says: "One thing is sure never since the world
began has there been sick bed SO watched by
sympathizing eyes, North, South, East, and
West and from over the sea and never a
sufferer, for whom assembled such an immense
volume 0f importunate supplication that God
will, il it be possible, suffer this cup TO pass
from US. Who can say says The NEW
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04

According to an ecclesiastical census of
Liverpool nm dertaken 10y Canon Hume. i'm "A
district com pIlSing more than GOO, 600 persons,
264,66S are described as members of the
Church of England, sS,S6l as Protestant Dis
scnters, l4o,1l5 as Roman Catholics, and
5,39S are Included under the heading, religion
unknown"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04

Mr.. Francis Wise, of Cork. who recently gave
100000 To Bishop john Gregg to be- used in
the restoration of 81. Fnhar's Cathedral i'm that
city, has given $4,000 to Bishop Robert
Gregg biz SOD and successor, Ia be applied for
the relief of the Protestant poor. 4 similar
sum has been given to the Roman Catholic
bishop for the poor of that Church.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04

J. b. Dimbleby, of the British Chronological
Association, sends 10 Public opinion QLondon)
some chronological notes on the Revised Yer
sion. The New Testament, he says necessarily
contains Il great many chronological expires
sionS of the highest scientific interest and hc is
disappointed at the manner in which this part
of the work has been done, or left undonc. Dy
the rcviSers. " In whatever sense he SAYS
the Revised Version may be received 10y ordi-
nary Christian readers it cannot be viewed
without much disappointment 10y chrOnologists
historians, who find ii not only stripped of
the usual marginal years, but the text de
strOyed when relating To events of great in
tcrest, such as the birth OF our Lord. the year
and date of the month of the crucitixon, the
conversion of st. Paul and the interesting in
cidentS OF ms travels. Owing TO the want of
expressions used in narrating these events,
which have no similitude with our chronology
cal terms, their place is supplied 10y the mven-
ton of absurd and misleading glOssaries." 1t
is Il pity, he thinks, that with all the available
means at their command the revisers should
have permitted IA good translation of the New
Testament to be yet work of the future"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-09-04

1t is said that of the 300 Baptist churches in
Mississippi, attended 10y $4,000 white people
only ten have preaching every Sunday, and
only six are seli-Sustaining.
The Portland daily press., 1881-09-22

don Stock Exchange had petitioned the
governing committee OF the London Exchange
to close on such day as the New York board
may designate in respect to the memory OF the
President. reply was sent designating the
day of the funeral to close.
The Chamber of Commerce to-day adopted
resolutions deploring the death of President
Garfield, and expressing confidence in Presl-
dent Arthur. A committee of thirteen will at
tend the funeral. Similar action was taken by
the Produce and Cotton exchanges.
MEXICO, Sept. 21.-There is profound sorrow
among all classes at the death of President
Garfield. Flags are flying at half mast on
public buildings. Congress adjourned cut OF
respect. A meeting of Americans at the lega-
ton adopted suitable resolutions.
CHICAGO, Sept. 2l.--Dspatches from numer-
Gus places throughout the northwest are in the
morn repetitions of reports heretofore sent
Every community is mourning over the death
at Peoria, ILL.,, Dubuque, la, st. Paul and
many places of lesser note, at all Of which the
same expression of tender regret was uttered
New YORK, Sept. 21.-From every quarter
of The country, from every city and town
throughout the land come dispatches ANNOUNCE
ing the formal expression of grief and sorrow
universally felt at the death of President Gar
field. Municipal bodies, corporations, assocls-
tons, clubs and gatherings of every concelv
able sort everywhere makessuch an expression
of the sentiments of their members the first
duty of the hour From many points delega-
tions to represent such bodies are sent to take
part in the final obsequies at Cleveland and
many societies and conventions sends de-
spatches of sympathy and coincidence to the
bereaved family.
LONDON, Sept. 21-The Queen has ordered
the Court to go into mourning Tor the late
President for week from the 21st.
ROME, Sept. 21.-King Humbert telegraphed
the coincidence OF himself and the Queen The
foreign minister has sent a similar telegram in
the name of the government and nation.