Weekly graphic. [volume] (Kirksville, Adair Co., Missouri) 1880-1949, 1881-04-22
eNht IA E.spsEs Shout, KNOW.

lrHnt - Fa1ers Shout, KNOW.
Let Us SEX see what the educatea fsffse1
ll thiS nn4&sath cs1fnfy ought te
know in order TO be up with the times il
which he lives.
d.; ; =, - q !! !; &:
in which it will serve the human race
HE must therefore, know tie nature o
kDns j Of what they are Gems sel; wka
9as are best adapted 10 VIII plo&lAs
where he can ia Germ V1ere Wheat
where cotton, where EhSer, where fiiit,
q sns Il aos' know Si
own limited farm. but also by the abili
~ to make chemical analyses, in order
that he may apply his knowledge in 9th
er localities and to other soils. He mus,
know this ia order TO know how both tc
select his farm and how to till it to good
advantage. For this is automatic: ht
never can get out of the soil what has
| not been put into it by nature or by
himself. IN
9. He must know how to prepare this
soil: how to get out what he wants. and
how TO leave in what he does not want
He must therefore know how to drain i,
if it is wet, how to irrigate it if it is dry,
how to till it, when it needs deep and
when shallow blowing, and when spade
husbandry. He must know how to feed
it; for he must feed his farm and his
grain and his trees. as well as his cattle,
his horses and himself. He must know
something of the nature and effert OF
manures and fertilizers. ). stssT
3. He must be 3 mechanic. HIS sue
cess as a farmer will depend on his
choice and use of tools; and that in turn
will depend on his acquaintance with at
least the fundamental principles of
mechanism. The machinery adapted
to the prairie of Illinois is useless on the
t1i.,sides of New Hampshire. He can
not act on general Recommendation of
vendors, or even agricultural newspa-
pers; he must be able to judge of the
!. adaptation of piow and harrow and
cuiivator TO his own fields. He must
be practical mechanic as well. He
cannot afford to send off to the city to a
machinist, or even to the village for g
blacksmith or carpenter, for every
break. The modern farmer is in some
sense an engineer. and he must be able
to repair as well as to run his engine.
Whether his cows give good milk or
poor, whether he sells his butter at fifty
cents pound, or can sell il 81 no price,
depends on his outbuildings and his
dairy-room; and this again depends on
his knowledge of the principles of con-
struction and ventilation. q.
4. Much of his labor is necessarily
performed by horses and cattle. Much
of his success depends on their condi-
ton, and on that of his pigs, hens, sheep,
etc. He must therefore be something
Of a veterinary surgeon. He ought to
be acquainted with animal physiology;
to know the nature of the operations on
which their health depends; to know
what are the laws of animal hygiene,
what conduces to health, what promotes
disease. He ouEht.to be familiar with
those forms of vegetable and animal
life, parasites, which are one of the
most common causes of disease and dis
aster.
5. In any farming on large scale he
must employ At times considerable help.
He has to deal with mena well As with
animal and vegetable life. He needs,
therefore, 10 be acquainted with men;
TO have skill in mana ging them; to know
how to make their industry SO adapted
to Immediate and prospective needs that
the losses will be reduced TO the least
possible fraction, ard the returns will be
the largest possible. In other words. he
must understand the labor problem in ali
its various aspects tenant farming. hir-
inc labor, working on shares, co-opera-
tive farming, wise distribution of labor.
His work in This respect requires much
more practical sagacity and skillful ad-
ministration than the management of q
great factory, where every branch OF
work becomes routine, and endless
repetition. On the farm there is NO rou-
tine; there is endless variety.
g.. Farming Is Il perpetua. battle Ev-
cry harvest is the spoil won on hard
fought field. The farmer must under
stand the tactics of his enemies, and
must know how TO conquer them-weeds,
insects, birds, various forms of disease,
late rains, long droughts, early frosts.
He must know how to pit one against
the other: how TO make the birds kin
the insects; how to forecast; how to add
Just hi. crops go that neither a driving
rain, nor scorching drought, nor an
early frost viii neutraiize all his labor
and leave him with absolutely empty
granaries. He must avoid putting all
his eggs in one basket, or ali his baskets
in q row, where one disaster will over
whelm them in a common crash.
4. He Is not only manufacturer, but
merchant. His laboratory is not an en-
doHed institution. He must make it
ply. He must therefore know how to
carry IL on with the least expenditure
and the best result. To this end he
must know his market; that is. the mar
kets of the world. Ii he does not, when |
his crops are gathered he is at the mercy
of spectators or middle-men, and sows
that they may reap OF all the men in
the world, the farmer is the one who
should take the best newspaper money
can purchase, and keep himself well ac-
quainied with the great world move |
mellts. = 4
In sentence, the ideal farmer is a
Psychologist, a manufacturer,
a merchant; all trades and callings ex-
cept 'eaching, preaching and litigation .
are combined in his Profession: and for t
the perfection of his indlstres he needs .
To b. the broadest and besr educated of
nen.-Christtda Union
The AVN