Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1881-06-09
sects, Larvae, and worms, which form part Of

sects, Larvae, and worms, which form part Of
the carp's food. A depth of 8 feet is suff.
cient for the centre of the pond. Toward
the outlet sluice it may be from 6 to 8 feet,
but, only for an area of from 200 to 1000
square feet. In the depths of this "collec-
tor" the fish seek their resting place for win
comes too warm. The outer part of the pond
should not be deeper than l foot for distance
of 70 to 100 feet.
Toward the center of the pond, cavity is
dug feet deeper than the rest Of the pond.
This also serves the fishes as resting place in
summer and winter. The cavity is called a
"kettle." From the entrance of the pond to
the other end, where the collector and the
outer sluice are situated, two or three bitches
feet in depth and feet in length, must be
made; these bitches cut the deeper "kettles'
transversely as far as the collector. These
bitches are intended to carry all the fish into
the collector when the pond is being drained.
The collector is nothing but place from 20 to
40 feet in length and breadth, near the outer
sluice, and is one foot deeper than the rest of
the bottom of the pond. This collector must
be cleaned out every year, or the fish will be-
come too much soiled by the mud. The in
flow of water into pond should never be di.
rect, as, for instance, a brook falling into it,
as this often causes the water to suddenly
rise, carrying into the pond injurious fishes
The inlet sluices from the stream must, Of
course, be of strong and practical construc-
ton, and they ought to be provided with gra.
tings to prevent other fish from intruGing. 1t
will also be found very useful to construct
Matching place on some fiat and sunny spot
near the bank; that is, so-called cut in the
land, measuring 40 to 100 feet in length, and
from 80 to 80 feet in breadth, and having
depth of from 18 to inches. This cut should
be planted with aquatic plants, and ought to
be the only place where the carp can ascend
from deep water in order to deposit their eggs
conveniently on the plants and engage in the
spawning process. AS soon as this has taken
place, the entrance to the cut is closed with
net. so that the eggs cannot be eaten by the
fish. (See Fig. ~
The carp also has the disposition to swim
toward the inAowing water, by which means
it is drawn away from its proper feeding
places. The water should be conducted into
the pond sideways from the stream and if it
should be small brook only. it may be turned
off entirely and carried alongside the pond,
from which point the latter can be easily sup
piled with water.
1t is an indispensable condition for the cul-
ture in ponds, according to established rules,
that they be 80 constructed as to allow of be-
ing thoroughly drained, so that the fishes may
be taken out without any difficulty.
On account of the required outlet sluices,
etc., the fact must be kept in view, that newly
constructed dams will sink ten per cent after
lapse of time of little more than year, un-
less it has been solidly made. The dam
should be sodded. For the draining Of the
pond, at the Fishing out" season, it should
have an outlet at the lower end, if no other
advantageous arrangements can be made for
the purpose The use Of woodwork for the
channel should be avoided, its durability not
being sufficient. The most desirable construc.
ton would be that the outlet consist either OF
masonry work or water pipes, which may be
made either of clay or iron. This channel or
pipe must be made so that it can be closed
tightly and opened readily if needed. and
must be provided with two or three fold gra-
tings to prevent the escape of the fishes upon
the opening of the sluice. At the same time
there should be an outlet channel, several
feet in breadth, at the side Of the pond to al
low the water to run off, This must also be
secured by grating, but should be kept open
always, so that in case of continued rainy
weather or sudden and violent showers Of rain
or thunderstorm, no overfowing of the banks
or dams may be possible through the unex-
pected rising of the water in the pond.
Explanation of Fig. IA is the pond, B.
is the cut or breeding pond. The dotted
line contains the water, having a depth of
only inches B is the water Of II feet in
depth FF is the outer ditch to prevent an
overflow of the pond; G is the inlet sluice !;
and is the outlet sluice. In figure 2, +
is natural pond It's extent is about $50
to 200 acres. 1t is formed by dam, D,
about seven to eight feet high, crossing val.
ley, and thus collecting the water of run
flowing there. Before D is a deepening, G.,
the collector. In the dam, D, there is an out.
let leading to another deepening, the so-cailed
outlet collector, OC. The purpose of this
collector is to retain fish that may have pass
ed through the outlet when opened. 1t is
provided with screen or netting, G D. Upon
the bottom Of the pond, P, is the collector
ditch, which conducts the fish to G when the
water is let out, and thus prevents them be-
ing caught in the mud. R is the run of wa.
ter which, to prevent overflow, has to be con.
Quoted around the pond in a separate ditch,
leaving an inlet at j protected with screens.
Mr.. Eugene G. Blackford, of this city, one
of the New York State Fish Commissioners,
has just received from the United States Fish
Commissioner one thousand German carp
for gratreious distribution 10 New York
State. These carp were brought from Ger
many three years ago, and placed in the ma
tonal carp ponds at Washington, D. G.
From them were raised last year $4,000
young fish, which were distributed through
out the United States. This year they have
produced 100000, which are in process of
distribution. Some sent last year to the
Brooklyn ponds have weighed two pounds
and upward. This isl remarkable growth,
trout taking as long as four years to attain
the same size Of the one thousand in Mr.
Black ford's possession, each applicant having
a suitable pond is entitled to five pair, which
will be sent on receipt of proper vessel for
transportation with expressage prepaid.
TO illustrate the rapid growth of these
fishes, gentleman placed one dozen carp,
measuring from to inches in length, in a
muddy pond on Orange Mountain, N. j.,
last July In November following the pond
was drawn off and the fishes were captured.
They had attained the extraordinary growth
of fifteen inches within four months