Daily Los Angeles herald., 1881-12-17
Yus gugeles Aerala.
[BY COL. ]. J. wARNER.1

pected unless the business is con-
Quoted by person having some
knowledge of the laws of vegetable
Psychology.
The nsodxs oper dndS by which
nature, after tree has been sep-
arated from the earth, restores the
connection should be known. The
uprooting and separating of tree
from the soil destroys that connec-
ton with the ground upon which
its life depended. The act OF re-
planting the tree In the ground
does not in the least restore the
connection. 1t only places the
tree In o condition favorable for
and In which a new connection
can be made. The end of each
root Is ola sponge-like nature and
Absorbs moisture from the ground
with which it is in contact. This
moisture is carried up the tree to
the leaves, from which 1t is sent
back between the bark and the
wood to the roots. In the leaves
and on its way back it deposits ma
terial which 1t held in sol ution
Tor the growth or enlargement
of the structure. In this manner
the young leaves are enlarged, q
new layer of wood is added to all
parts of the tree, and by the same
means the roots are similarly en-
larged and extended by the consol-
idation of their sponge termini
into wood and the formation of
new spongioles. In the uprooting,
handling and keeping of q tree, these
spongioies, which connect the
tree with the earth, .are
torn off, destroyed or withered, SO
ns to lose all their natural powers.
Before the planted tree can form a
connection with the earth 80 as to
take up moisture new spongioles
must be formed. These new
spongloles are formed by the flow
Ing Of sap from the body, limbs or
roots OF the tree towards the ex-
tremfties Of the roots, where, or at
some more attractive intermediate
point, 1t passes out through the
bark and forms the new connec-
tions.
In every growing tree there is
constant flow of sap from the ex-
tremities of the roots to the leaves
or ends of its branches and back.
When the tree is separated from
the ground this flow is suppressed.
IT the roots are buried in dry earth
the circulation will not be resumed,
but IL they are buried in damp
earth the circulation Ia restored.
This fact seems to point to cleo
tricity as. the force which causes
the dow of sap.
From every living tree there is q
continual cxhalation Of fluid most.
~ composed of water. This exha-
lation il not suspended by the up
roofing of the tree, but continues,
and In . short time the fluid por-
ton Of the sap is thrown off to
such an extent that a renewal of
the functions of q living tree is
impossible. The greater the num-
Der Of limbs and leaves upon tree
the greater and more rapid will be
the exhalatioD. This destructive
exhalation Will, in greater or less
degree, continue after the tree is |
replanted and until its roots have
formed connections with the
ground sufficient to supply the
water required by the tree for in
ternal use and for exhalation.
The process by which cutting
commences its existence as an in
dependent organization ia, in most |
respects, similar to that of the re-
newal of the connection with the
ground by a transplanted tree.
The first efforts of outing to es-
tablish itself as an independent
plant will vary according TO the
season In which 1t is placed In the
ground and the condition of the
soil. A cutting planted in suitab
soil about the time of the Winter
sOlstice, or at any time soon after
the fall OF the leaves, will soon
throw out rootlets from the buried
part, while the buds on that part
of 1t that is above the ground will
remain dormant uutil the Spring
of the year. If, however, the cut.
ting Is kept In dormant
state until the month of May or
until the warm weather of the
Spring season and then planted
the drst signs of life will be the
swelling Of the buds above the
ground and their expansion into
leaves. All the matter which goes
into the formation of these root
let's and these leaves is furnished
by the sap contained in the cut
ting at the time of planting. The
number and length of these root
lets will depend upon the quantity
OF sap contained in the cutting and
the length of time intervening be-
tween the planting and the devel-
Opment OF the buds into leaves.
These rootlets which are thrown
out by the cutting do not take in
anything from the soil until the
leaves have expanded, consequent
~ the leaves must also for their
development and support depend
upon the supply that was stored
up In the cutting when planted.
A cutting two and half feet long,
two feet of which is buried in per-
pendicular position in the ground,
will, II surrounded with moist
earth at q point six inches, or even
less, below the surface of the
ground, throw out rootIets at this
point, and IL the ground from this
point to the lower end of the cut
ting is less moist, there will not be
any roctlets thrown out by the
cutting below this point, but the
lower foot and half of the cutting
will remain inactive. II, however,
this cutting had been planted in
ground the upper twenty inches of
which was dry and the lower four
inches moist, 1t would have thrown
out no r0otlets except from the