Morning journal and courier., 1881-04-09

quently be given the first place on the list. ''Rosaniline,'' y (magenta, however, is not only itself an economical, beautiful and easily applied coloring matter, but it is the starting point of host of other dyes. such as yellows, blues, violets, greens, browns, &c. Aniline blue was discovered in 1860; green in 1861, and again by another process in 1864; brown in 1863; and in 1863 and 1864 aniline blacks were given to the world, though in an imperfect condition. By 1867 coal tar had been made to yield all the primary eolors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, and since that date there have en- tered into commerce innumerable other hues Some of these dyes have naturally entered into competition with the coloring agents which were in use before their discovery. But for others, new uses have been found, and the dyer, calico printer wool manufac- turer and paper-maker, has found his means for varying and improving the ornamenta- tlon of his productions more than doubled. New anlline dyes and combinations are being discovered every day, and the rivalry be- tween different manufacturers to secure for their patrons the latest and most beautiful products of the laboratory is intense. In Boston there are now as many as dozen agencies for the sale of aniline dyes of differ ent European manufacturers. Nearly as many more are located in Philadelphia, and still greater number in New York There 1 is but one concern in the United States. locat
 
 facture of aniline, but there has recently been some talk of the establishment of aniline works in New England. The industry has sprung up so rapidly, and is still so largely in the hands of it's originators, that there has been but little opportunity for American manufacturers to engage in it. But as coal tar Is now exported from this country, and IS brought back again in the form of dyes. 1t would seem as though there were suffi- cient inducements for entering upon the domestic manufacture of aniline
 The first substance obtained from coal tar ln the manufacture of these dyes is benzine, or benzoi, as it is technically called This is united with nitric acid to form nitro ben zol, which IS then converted into aniline. One hundred pounds of coal tar yield from three to five pounds of aniline The aniline dyes in common use range all the way from $1. 25 to S16 a pound, but their economy as dyeing agent consists in their ease of appli- cation, and the bright and beautiful coiors which are obtained from them. A variety of substitutes for other and cheap coloring agents are also now obtained from coal tar product of the madder plant, which was formerly an important article of export from France to this country, under the name of ''alizarire," has now been almost entirely su- perseded by artificial alizarine" :" obtained from coal tar
 In spite of the vast increase which has oc- cured in the use of aniline colors, as above noted, there has been no diminution in the use of wood dyes. The quantity of dye woods imported into the United States in 1880 was greater than in any previous year excepting 1879, when the rising tendency of values drew to our shores unnecessarily large quantities of all kinds of merchandise The quantity of dye-woods imported into the United States per annum IS now about l. 750,O00,000 pounds, and of this amount about one-quarter is prepared here in Boston and vicinity.
 Logwood, the most important of wood-col bring agents, is the basis of nearly all black dyes, and probably five times as much of this wood is used as of all other dye-woods The best logwood comes from Central America, and the poorest from Jamaica. Rustic; wood obtained from the West Indies, Mexico and the northern countries of South Ameri- ca, commands little less price than the best logwood, and yields yellow dye.
 A variety of woods, imported from various quarters of the world under the names of camwood, Brazil, bar, Lima, Brazilletto, red saunders and sapan woods all yield dyes of red or reddish hues. The genuine camwood is the highest priced dye-wood in use. It yields beautifulred color, which is used in tex tile fabrics and in red inks. The cheaper bar wood from Africa is largely mixed with cam wood. or used in its place. Lima wood yields purplish red dye, and is sold as an extract under the name of 'hypernic" Red saunders wood, which is obtained in Ceylon and parts of India, yields the same pigment that is found in barwood Sapan wood is obtained from another inferior species of the same tree as camwood, growing principally, how ever, in Japan. Pink and red dyes are large ly obtained by the Chinese from sapan wood, and are used in imparting brilliant colors to the Chinese and Japanese fans which are brought to this country. There are, of course, many other dyes made from bark, leaves, fruit, &c., which would not be included under this heading.