The Kenosha telegraph. [volume] (Kenosha, Wis.) 1860-1888, 1881-12-09

cost 1894, IA. Nearly all of the more expen-
siVe routes have been superseded by railroad
service. The cost of the star service must
therefore, rapidly decrease in the Western
States and Territories.
The Postmaster General; however, calls at
tention to the constantly -increasing cost Of the
Railway Mail Service as q serious difficulty in
the way of making the department sef-sus-
tanning.
Our postal intercourse with foreign countries
has kept pace with the growth of the domestic
service. Within thO past year several countries
and colonies have declared their adhesion to
the Postal Union. It now includes all those
which have an organized postal SERVICE except
Bolivia, Costa Rica, New Zealand and the Brit
ish colonies in Australia.
As has been already stated, great reductions
have been made in the expense of
THE STAR-ROUTE SERVICE.
The Investigations of the Department of JUS
tiee and Postof1ice Department have resulted
in the presentation of indictments against
persons formerly connected with that
service, accusing them of offences against
II. the United States. / have enloined upon
the officials who are charged with the
conduct of the cases on the part of the Gov
eminent and upon the eminent counsel, who
before my accession to the Presidency, were
called to their assistance, the duty Of prose-
cutting with the utmost rigor of the law all
persons who may be found chargeableswith
frauds upon the postal service.
The Acting Attorney General calls attention
to the necessity of modifying the present sys-
TEN of
COURTS OF THE UNITED STATES,
a necessity due to the large increase of bus-
ness, especially in the Supreme Court. Lltiga-
ton in our Federal tribunals became greatly
expanded after the close of the late war. So
long as that expansion might be attributable to
the abnormal condition in which the commu-
mty found itself Immediately after the return of
peace, prudence required that no change be
made in the constitution of our Judicial tribu-
malls. But it has now become apparent that all
immense increase of litigation has directly re-
suited from the wonderful growth or develop
ment of the country. There is no ground for
belief that the business of the United States
courts will ever be less in volume than at
present. Indeed, that it is likely to be muc,l
greater is generally recognized by the bench
and bar. In view of the fact that Congress
has already given much consideration to this
subject, l make no suggestion as to detail, but
express the hope that your deliberations may
result in such legislation as will give early re-
Lief to our overburdened court.
ARIZONA.
The Acting Attorney General also calls
attention to the disturbance of the public
tranquility during the past year in tho Terri
OF ATHOQh. a DduQ OF armed QeSp6fa-
does known as "cow-boys," probably num-
bering from 30 to 100 men, have been engaged
for months in committing acts of lawlessness
and brutality which the local authorities
have been unable to repress. The depre
cations Of these "cow-boyg" have also
been extended into Mexico, which
the marauders reach from the Arizona
frontier. With every disposition to meet the
exigencies of the case, l am embarrassed by
L. 81
The punishment of crimes committed within
Arizona, should, ordinarily, of course, be lest
to the Territorial authorities Bat it is worthy OF
consideration whether acts which necessarily
tend to embroil the United States with neigh
boring governments should not be declared
crimes against the Uuited States. Some of the
ineursions alluded to may perhaps be within
the scope of the law, Revised Statutes, section
5,286, forbidding :" Military expeditions or en-
terprises against friendly states. But
in view OF the speedy assembling of your
body, have preferred 10 await suci,
legislation as in your wisdom the occasion may
seem to demand. 1t may, perhaps, be thought
proper to provide that the setting on foot with
III our own territory eff brigandage and armed
marauding expeditions against friendly nations
and their citizens shall be punished as an O.
Tense against the United States will ado
that, in the event of request from the Ter
ritOrial Government for protection by tie
United States against domestic VIC
ence,' this Government would b,
powerless to render assistance. TIL,
act of 1885, chapter So, passed at til,
time when Territorial Governments received
little attention from Congress, enforced tiiis
duty of the United States only as to State Gov
ernments; but the act of 1907, chapter &c. ap
piled also to Territories. This law seems t,
hSve rem aimed in force until the revision OF Tire
statutes, when provision for the Territories VII
dropped. l am not advised whether this alter
alton was intentional or accidental, but as
seems to me that the Territories should bt
offered the protection which Is accorded It,
States by the constitution, 1 suggest legislation
TO that end.
1t seems to me that whatever views may pre-
vail as to the policy of recent legislation BY
which the army has ceased TO be part Of
posse comitatus, an exception might wen b.
made for permitting the military to assist the
tiyil territorial authorities in enforcing thu
Laws of the United States. This use of the
army would not seem to be within the alleged
evil against which that legislation was aimed.
from sparseness of population and other cir
cum4tances. It is often quite Improbable to
summon posse in places where officers OF
justice require assistance, and where mill
tary force is within easy reach.
THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE IN
TERROR,
with accompanying documents, presents al
elaborate account of the business of that de
partment. A summary of it would be too ex
tended for this place. / ask your careful atten-
ton to the report itself. Prominent among
tbs matters which challenge the attention OF
Congress at its present session is
THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR INDIAN AFFAIRS
While tits question has been cause of
trouble and embarrassment from the infancy
of the Government, it is but recently that an.
effort has been made for its solution, at enc
serious, determined, consistent and promising
success. 1t has been easier to resort to coGYen-
lent makeshifts for tiding over the temporary
difficulties, than to grapphe with the great pt r
manent problem, and accordingly the easjei
course has almost invariably been pursued.
It was natural at a time when tho
national territory seemed almost nlimltable,
and contained many millions of acres fal
south of the bounds OF civilized settlement,
that a policy should have been initiated
which, more than aught else, has been tae
fruitful source of our Indian complications.
l refer. of. course, to the policy of dealing
with the various Indian tribes as separate
nationalitles of regulating them by treaty
stpulations to the occupancy of immense
reservations in the WesJ and of encouraging
them to live undisturbed, by any earnest
and well-directed efforts, and to bring them
under the influences of civilization. The
unsatisfactory results which have sprung
from this policy are becoming apparent to all.
AS the white settlements have crowded the
borders OF the reservations, the Indians, some
times contentedly and sometimes against thei1
will. have been transferred to other hunting
grounds, from which they have been again dis
lodged whenever their new-found homes have
been desired by the adventurous settlers.
These removals, and the frontier collisions by
which they have often been preceded, have led
to frequent and disastrous conflicts between
the races. 1t is profitless to discuss here which
of them has been chiefly responsible for the dis
turbances whose recital occupies so large q
space upon the pages of our history. We have
to deal with the appalling fact that though
thousands of lives have been sacrificed and
hundreds Of millions of dollars expended in the
attempt to solve the Indian problem, it had
until the last few years seemed scarcely nearer
solution than it was half century ago. But
the Government has q late been cautiously
but steadily feeling its way to the adoption OF
policy which has already produced gratifying
results, and which, in my judgment, is likely,
If Congress and the Executive accord in its
support to relieve us ere long from the diff
cuitles which have hitherto beset us.
ror Inc success OF the enorJs now MAKING &c
introduce among the Indians the customs and
pursuits of civilized life, and gradually to alb
sorb them into the mass of our citizens, sharing
their rights and holden to their responsible
ties. there is imperative need for Legislative
action. My suggestions in that respect
will be chiefly such as have been already
called to the attention of Congress, and
have received, to some extent, its consldera-
ton. FIRST, recommend the passage of an