davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
CLEVELAND & PITTSBURG r. r
Condensed Time Gard.
GOING EAST AND WET.

GOING EAST AND WET.
On and after Nov. 7, 1850 oil trains viii run
isiiy (eIcpt Sunday, a. followB:
3 fhrouyh trains 10 Pittsburgh.
2ThronSh trains 10 Cleveland.
2ThrouSh trains 70 Chicago.
Pullmau'A Parlor Can between Wellsvtlie and
Cleveland
Hotel and Sleeping Cara on all trains between
Alliance and Chicago.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23

Trains leaving Columbus at $40 P. n and 6:35
A. u. run daily. Through chicago Express,
leaves Columbus daily except Sunday, at 6:0or.
n with sleeping car aAttacbed, arriving In Chica-
20 AT 7:sO next morning Bcrthk can be secured
In advance at Union Depot ticket ONCE, Colum.
bus.
without change from Stsubenville East 70 Phila.
delphia ard New York, and West 10 Columbus,
Cincinnati, Louisville, Indianapolis and b.
Louis.
car accommodations, and any further informs.
ti0n apply " Joseph n. Beleyille, Ticket Agent
at Panhandle Depot, foot Of Eleventh street, or
at City Ticket ONCE, under Mcclure House
Wheeling.
Sunday Express leaves Wheeling at 8 80 A. ~:
arrives Wcllsburg 9:2A ~, Steubenville g:h5A.
", making close connection for Western points,
ID. W. Caldwell, General Manager. Columbus,
O.; 4. A. Ford, General Passenger and Ticket
Agent, Pittsburgh, Pa. my1
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23

Go TO your druggist for Mrs. Free
mans New National Dyes. For bright
ness and durability of color, are unex.
celled. Color from . to pounds. d.
rections in English and German. Price
Is cents
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23

1857 Prizes amounting to...............-sll0,i0 100
Responsible corresponding agents wanted at
vi points, 10 whom liberal compensation Will
For further In tormstion, write, clearly, giving
full address Send orders by express OF
Registered Letter, or Money Order by mail.
Addressed only 70 rn,,n,
New Orleans, La,
orM,A. DAUPHIN, at No. 2l2 Broadway, New
York. "
All our Grand Extraordinary Drawings are IN
der the suparyision and management OF Generals
g. T. Besuregard and Jubsl A. Early.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
THE LOVER OF NATURE.

love the playful little lamb,
love him brOiled or reaSt;
love the iealhered songster, too,
think him best on toast.
love the fish that swims the sea,
Fresh from the frying-pan;
love the retiring oyster, too,
I'll eat MIN when can.
| love 10 see the squirrel brisk
Through the top sig hts OF my sun;
/ love the gentle, lowing kline
In tender steaks rare done.
love the bird, love the fish,
also love the beast;
On, give me all want to eat,
I'll have grand love-feast.
-BosiOR Transcript.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
MILK TESTER!

A SIMPLE INSTRUMENT WHICH WILL
N enable any one 10 test lhe quality OF Mix
and Cream in a minute OF time. PnCe 80 cents.
LOGAN & CO.,
Agents for West Virginia.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23

Homestead Liver. Pills
r TITLE PILLS FOR LITTLE PEOPLE.
IL Larger Pills for Larger People. 10 Pills m
each box. A First ass Pill in every respect.
Sold by LOGAN Il co,
ago Druggists, Bridge Corner.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC.

The public are hereby cautioned against send.
ing any Money or Orders TO NUSS d Co.. IS
Nassau street, New York City, as authorized by
the Louisiana State Lottery Company 10 sell It's
Tickets. They are flooding the country with
Bogus Circulars purporting to be OF the Louis1'
ana State Lottery Company, anc are fraudu-
lently representing themselves as It's agents.
They have no authority from this Company TO
sell Its Tickets and are not its agents for any
purpose. N. a. DAUPHlS;
Pres. Louisiana State Lottery Co.
NEW ORLEANS, La. July 4, 1881. aglo
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
PROPOSALS,
OFFICE OF THE KASAwHA COMPANY,
NJ ". I,,N

OFFICE OF THE KANAwHA COMPANY,
CHARLESTON, w. Va, July %, 1881.
Under its contract for the construction of the
Central Division OF the K. & A. & o. q. X. R.,
the Kanawha Company invite sealed proposals,
until noon August 25th. for the Graduation,
Charleston ami Point Pleasant, W. Va, about
s. miles-or so much OF it as is not previously
put under contract. Pro6les and specifications
will be ready by the Goth OF August. The right
to reject any and all bids res9rved.
agH I'D. wHITCOMB, President.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
TO CLEVELAND
Only 5 Hours and Is Minutesi
TO CHICAGo-only Is Houn.

s;eubcnyilIe accommodation lesves Bsllaire at
ass n, Bridgeport At 90, and arrives at Btsu.
benyille at sos y.
Leaves Steubenyille ct 7:50 L., BridssDoH
ns:S2 A. ". arrive ~ Beilaire st 9:6 4. 4.
Tickets ana baggage checks 70 all principal
points in the KaS, aud West can be procured st
the ticket Once In Bridgeport Y. 4. FORD,
MIL General raaLenaef q Ticket Areflt
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
Fellows Compound Syrup Of
HypODhOsphites

the inventor will refer to the medical gentlemen
whose letters are attached hereto.
Extract from letter.,
LYNN, MASS, March !, 1876.
MeSSrs. teLlOlrs & Co.. ST. John, y. b.
GENTs-I nave prescribed your Syrup Fellows
Hopopnosphites), i'll my practice for some hun
dreds of patients, where its use was indicated,
with quite satisfactory results.
J. A. MACARTHUR, NJ. D.,
81 South Common st.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
HELLMUTH LADIES' COLLEGE.

,ATRoNEs Il
Termo
eua,t
$500 S hall
CoIege Ionaon
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
DENTINIQUE!

A n ELEGANT TOOTH WASH. IN LARGE
n bottles only IS cents. Try II.
LOGAN & co.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
Pittsburgh, Cincinnati { st. Louis
RAILwAY-PAN.HAND ROUTE.

Time table for East and West July 81, 1871.
Trains leave Panhandle Depot foot OF Eleventh
street, near public landing daily, except Sun
day, a. follows:
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
AGOOD REMEDY!

RUNDY'S CHOLERA AND DIRRHEA
" Mixture. Nothing better sold. y cents.
LOGAN d co.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23

ELBRIDGE SIMPSON, N. D, of Hudson. n. Y,
writes: 81 have used the Syrup OF Hypophos-
phites made by Mr.. Fellows, in cases OF Con-
Sumption, and other Lung and Throat diseases,
with the most gratifying results"
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23

"A Splendid Opportunity
To win fortune. Eighth Grand Distribution,
Glass l, at New Orleans, Tuesday, SEPT. 18th,
lSSl-l36th Monthly Drawing.
Louisiana State Lottery Company.
Incorporated in 1868 for 25 years by the Legls-
lature for Educational and Charitable purposes
with a capital OF 81 ,000, OOO-to which reserve
fund of over Si20, 900 has since been added.
By an overwhelming popular vote It's iran
chise was made part OF the present State Con-
sttution adopted December 2, A. ID. 1872
It's Grand single Number Drawings will take
place monthly. 1t never scales or pOstpones.
Look at the following Distribution:
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23
ssw ADVERTISEMENTS.
n h. McENaddeSl
ALEXANDER BONE, SIR.

>rOTARY PUBLIC, GENERAL BUSINESS
~ and Real Estate Agent.
Loans negotiated, Stocks bought and sold,
Merchants and Manufacturers Books opened,
sTsr,ine5 and clesed EStStes settled, Notes
Rook Accounts and Rents Collected. Houses
psNted ana Leased. Collections promptly re-
rnifted Advances made. All business cores
pondence eonfdeunslly attended to: Send for
E-cSIIsr and References. 1878 Market Street,
CrSnSle's Block, over Citv Bank, wheeling. W.
Va ianSl
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1881-08-23

EDWIN CLAY, NJ. D.. OF Pugwash, n. s., writes:
~ know of no better medicine for persons SUI
fering from exhaustion OF the powers OF the
Brain and Nervous System. from long continued
study, or the cough following Typhoid Fever,
&C.. &c"
CHANDLER CRANE, OF Halifax, n. H., writes:
az have used II freely In my prictice, both in
diseases OF the Chest, as Consumption and Bron-
chitis, &C. and in infantile diseases OF the prima
via, or stomach and Bowels, with eminent sue
cess" ag2
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

revolution; who was captured by the British on
|; Long leland ana hanged within twenty-four
houn by Gen. Howe. The principal feature Of
the 0ay was an address by. Edward Everett
Halls. on the Me, services ana chifadtlf Of Na-
than'H Hale. Resolutions we're passed ~favQring
the erection;ef : lfoauaieat' To- Nathaas Hale It
Hartford. Iii the evening pubic buildings and
private residences were brillian y illuminated
L The venerable Archbishop John Henni, of
milwaukee, one OF the most prominent Catholic
Personages in the United Mates, peacefully
breathed his last at l o'clock Thursday morn
1ng: Bishop He0ni ha! been i'll sor . year
TO ieave his room He began sinking rapidly as
last, and was unconscious twenty-fo four hours
before bis death. He was buried in Z vault
nn4er 1t Johns cathedral, which was founded
IN 1uWstkee by him when. Wisconsin was q
wllqernesa Many prominent. Catholics from
;rPp,,f ~ P,,ff' Of the United States were at the
Ata soldiers reunion at Bloomington, III. the
there was an interesting sham engagement be-
tween tfoops representing confederates and
nnion troops. The rebels, represented by the
Twelfth infantry, the First cavalry aud battery c
Danville, attacked the city and for time car
ried all before them. They were engaged by
union forces, consisting of the Tenth regiment
Tenth battalion led the fight. The union force
charged the battery and captured ono gun. The
rebels soon rallied, doing effective work with
their remaiDg cannon They were finally over
come ard put to flight Tho spectators became
gre:ss' excited aud repeatedly cheered the
forcss, 40 they advanced: Several privates
we-e slightly injured by blank cartridges and
one OF the Danville battery was brttised badly
W being run over by cannon.
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15
FiGHTlA( THE APACHES,
Indian Neutrality-suspicious. Attacked by Indian
ScOnfS-latss OY Life

Indian Neutrality-suspicious. Attacked by Indian
ScOntS-tIOss OF Life.
Tho country was excited on the 9TH by a
falso report by way Of California, that Gen.
Carr, commanding in Arizona and his whole
force had been ambushed and killed hy Indians.
In short that another Custer affair had occurred,
in which every man WAS killed.
On Tuesday, news was received from Gen.
Carr which put another face upon the matter.
1t appears from his otticisl dispatch that he was
ordered to arrest al Indian doctor, ard nextd day
marched with troop D., Of the sixth caval-
mand numbering six officers and seventy nine
sol :iers ard twenty~trree Indian scouts, Gen.
Carr says;
reached his village on the Both and arrest.
ed the medicine man. He professed entire
willingness to come with me, and said he
would not try to escape and there would be
no attempt at a rescue, but as we were making
camp we were attacked by our own scouts
and many other Indians, killing Capt Hertie
first, and running on the animals already turn.
ed out to graze The medicine man was killed
az soon as they commenced firing, and We
drove them of after severe fight, in which
we lost Hertig shot in TIE back by one of on,
scouts as he turned to get his gun; four pri.
Yates killed, one sergeant, and three privatef
wounded-two mortaily. After burying the
dead Ireturned as rapidly as practicable, arriv
ing on the 3 LIST. Some of the Indians had preced.
ed and killed eight men Oh the road to Thomas
% against this post they STACKED in the after 1S
noon, but were repnlsed. Our total loss il
Capt E. C. hertig, Sixth cavalry, and sever
privates of troop D, Twelfth Infantry. Wound.
ed: Lieut.. e. G. Gordon, Sixth cavalry, in leg
Quo sergeant, troop f. an one private, troop
d. There are 'or'y- five horses aud ten mulet
killel, wounded, or missing. The command
behaved with the utmost coolnees ant
C2-r II
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

IHE effects of the drouth over almo1t Il all
OF the entire eastern half Of the couptrv
with the. exception Of some of the New
England states, can now be measured with
some degree Of accuracy. The drouth came
so late that wheat was by no means the
greatest sufferer, though in some localities
tne yield was brought down fifty per cent.
Corn suffered far worse. In some narts 81
pennsylvania. in western New York, OHIO
southern Michigan, and Illinois no more
than half the crop can. now be realized
Indiana, Kentucky and southern Illinois
report a quarter or third of a cror. All
tnrough the south the corn is blighted, the
cotton crop greatly injured, and all forms
OF vegetation are suffering. The land is
dr1ed to great depth. The pastures are
burned up and cattle and sheep are growing
thin and scraggy from their scanty pickines
OF dried grass. In New Jersey the corn is
being cut for fodder and all farming in
terests are suffering. Tobacco is greatly
injured in Kentucky. In Virginia and Ten
nessee, the tobacco producing states where
the 2drouth is felt in equal severity it is
said there is a failure Of two thirds of the
tobacco crop. These details embrace but
few of the embarassments occasioned by
the drouth. Reports from various states
show that springs, wells and small streams
have dried up 10 an unprecedented extent,
that water is sold by the hogshead and that
cattle have TO be driven miles to water and
That potato and other crops are less than
half the usual average. A striking evidence
OF The effect of the drouth is seen in the
fact thatthe price Of corn has gone up in Chi
cago; frtm 40 cents in Jnne to 65 and nov
predictions are rife that it may reach sc
cents. - ~ -
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15
A dream that Came True.

From the Ladlo UOcE DenOcr1L
About seven or eight o'clock yesterday
morning Mr.. Hrtt, who is engaged in bus
mess adjoining Wolf Il Bros. wholesale
dry good store, stepped up to MIR. Wolfe
and said: Ike, had a singular dream last
night" What was it?" THAT joe was
killed."
Il hope not" said Ike, starting percep.
tibly. Nothing more was said about the
dream, bit al day Ike Wolfe was nervous
and abstracted. His brother and family
he knew we've in Savannah, Ga, or on the
coast near that place, and he also knew q
hurricane had visited the coast Abont
FIVE. o'clock a Western UnioI >legraph
messenger placed telegram in his. hand.
His face paled and his hand tfembled 90
that he could scarcely open it. know what
it is he cried. At last he had it open. The
words were: George, the baby and Joe
crushed to death by storm" .s!45
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15
The Canyon or the Columbia River.

The canyon Of the Columbia is in some
respects one Of the grandest upon the con-
tinent. Frem Cape Horn to some twenty
miles or more above Celilio, at the head Of
tho Dalles, distance of sixty or seventy
miles, the great river finds its way to the
ocean through gorge, the walls Of which
are from 500 to 4, ,O00 feet high. Even a cur
sorry inspection will convince pmctised
eye that for the entire heig ght and most of
the distance it is composed of nearly per-
pendicular basaltic rocks. No one series of
columns, where present, reaches from the
base to the top Of the mountain; but ut the
foot of the cascades, on the south side Of
the river. their developement is truely
wonderful. Suppose before you there is a
row Of them five hundred feet high and
twice as long on the face of the mountain.
At either end of that thousand feet another
row with their bases on a line with the top
of the first shoots up another i've hundred
feet, and so on from the base to the top,
one row of columns above another, will
convince the beholder that the entire noun
tain is composed of basalt. From the time
of the Caesars to the present all the world
has been wondering at or gazing with aG-
miration at the Giants Causeway on the
coast of Ireland. 1t, too, is composed Of
basaltic columns, and they are actually
three hundred feet high. Thus America
furnishes to Great Britain ratio in. basalt
Of 3,3O to 800.
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15
The State Board Of EQUALIZATION.

The state board Of equalization convened At
the governors Office laat Tuesday morning.
Tie following are the members Of the board:
First district--R. SchlnickeI
Second district-Wm. Dawson.
Third district-J. G.. lawrence.
Fourth district-Daniel Bassett.
Fifth district-Z. Z. Page.
Sixth district-Geo c. Chamberlain
Seventh district-James Compton.
Eighth district-Martin Tous!ey.
Ninth district-Thos. Montgomery.
Tenth district-E w. Trask.
4. Eleventh district-A. N Seip
! Twelfth district-H. 3. SjorberP.
i Members, ex-oficio-J. 8: Pillsbury, gov
:ernor and president; Q. p. -Whitcomb, auditor
OF state and secretary; W. T. Hahn, attorney
general. =.
:. The members took the required oath And
VIM Dawson OF St Paul was elected president
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15
FOREIGN FLASHED.

Gambetta, speaking at banquet at Hon.
fleur, said: ''My convictions have not changed.
You are strong and ingenious enough to sus-
tain competition with other nations" In con-
clusion, lie expressed a wish that treaties con-
secratiug free trade might be speedily conclud-
ed. The speech was received with loud and
prolonged cheering
Advices from Nournae, New Caledonia, by
her majesty's schooner Beagle; from New Brit
ain and New Zealand, report tile murder of Mr.
Klomsmitb, naturalist, with two assistants; al
10 the murder of Mr.: Listleton The latter was
= most diabolicA attack, and the Sandtiy and
Beagle took immediate steps to obtain redress.
The jungle Of the island was too thick for
white men, but with the assistance OF friendly
natives three of the murderers were brought
forth. bnt one, who is supposed to be the prin-
cipal offender, escaped.
On Thursday, at the meeting of tho Wesleyan
ecumenical conference in London, on motion of
Rev. Alex. Macauly it was resolved that there
should be a devotional exercise to show the
sympathy of the conference for tho people of
Americs who are to-day offering prayers for
the restoration to health Of President Garfield.
W. 6. Allen, 4 member of parliament, accord.
ingly offered prayer, and IN appropriate hymn
was afterwards Sung. Several American dele
gates expressed their sense Of the kindness Of
the conference.
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

The condition of the president is such
that many who have held firm opinions
that he would or would not recover. are now
in doubt, and do not caro- to venture any
prediction whatever. The world is patient
y' prayerfnlly. awaiting the result of his re-
moval to Long Branch, which is generally
considered as the last chance. Thus far, all
IS favorable, but new and fatal complica-
tions may arise at any moment.
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

AFTER MI that has been said by the NOR
alists, the "hoss" is the great attraction at
fairs. While only few hundred persons
viewed with interest the really splendid
stock, agricultural products, and ma
chinery, Mt the Minneapolis: exposition.
fifteen thousand persons sat out n whole
afternoon in the vast ampitheatre of the
race track, to witness the contest between
Miss Cook and Miss Jewett, which lasted
only forty nine minutes, and the running
race OF less than ten minutes-and" then
went home, amply satisfied with their in
vestment of time and money. =
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

IHE prayers of pious Kentckians for
rain did not avail, aud as a last resort the
papers call on the governor to order out
all the cannon in the state and to keep up
a continuous firing for forty eight hours,
1t having been strongly asserted, and to
many minds concluslvely proven, that great
and prolonged conclusions of The atmos-
phere, such as are produced by battle or
prolonged artillery firing. brings rain The
governor has not been heard from on this
question
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

By the death of Archbishop Henni the
Rev. Micheal Heiss becomes Archbishop OF
Milwaukee by succession. He is native
OF Bavaria, and after receiving b oily orders
and occupying for some time the position
OF curate' came to this country in 1s42. He
had charge OF church in Covizgton, Ken
tucky, and in l844, accompanied Bishop
Henni to Milwaukee, where he has since
remained. In 1868 he was consec,ated
bishop OF La Crosse and in 1886 was pro-
moed to the coadjutorship of milwaukee
asarchbishop of Adaianople. He has writ
ten several works and is regarded in CATH
olic circles rs learned theoloeian.
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15
CURRENT EVENTS.

The returns from the physicians of Minne-
apolis as to the number of typhoid fever cases
each one has under his care. are being gathered
by the police. 1t is estimated that there are
about $50 cases of the fever now in that city.
A Chicago dispatch says: The immense
shipments Of -four from Minneapolis that for
eastern nse has caused sharp competition to
spring up between eastern trunk lines % 70
carrying il It is stated that -four was being
taken to New York for 16 cents per barrel
This is an unprecedented cut Of rates.
The Curry, Ps., Herald Of tho 1st says: DR..
Tanner camel into our Office this morning, with
his obituary oil in good shape in the New York
Herald. August 28tl. He died in Amsterdam,
by falling down stairs, concussion Of the brain,
etc. Mrs. DIR. Tanner would not consent to his
beng carved up by the doctors, and he weighed
only lO8 pounds. Ho is = very lively corpse,
is attending to business, rides out with his lsdy
patients, I'VE haven't heard of any wife or chill
dren in town, boards with one Of our hardware
merchants, and weighs 1876 pounds it he ever
did I'VE guessl ,... ...s.~u:s s
At the Groton centenniel celebration at New
London, Conn.,, the literary exercises wer, in
memory Of Nathan Hale, the martyr spy Of the
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

OWING to the high prices obtained, corn
that is three years old has been marketed al
some points: Farmers who have held over
wheat ana corn have struck good market
ana it is a singular fact, that notwithstanl.
ing light crops, elevators, warehouses and
cars were never so full as at the present
tine
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

IT is not ont of plaee to again remind the
denizens of the prairies that the fue,
question is sbeginning to assume Importance
from the fact that another early and severe
winter is among the probabilities. The ex-
periences of last winter should not be for
gotten. A big wood pile is oftentines
better than ten times its present cash value
in the bank,
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

1HE boston Transcript reports that
everything indicates an active iobbinp trada
1or me autumn months among the dry goods
and shoe dealers of that city. Old merchants
unite IN saying that the month which has
just passed has been more lively than
any August since that of 1877. Notwith.
SANDING some mutterings of financial storm
the reports from other cities of the condi.
t'on or trade, continue favorable. But it
ls we'll to keep watch, nevertheless, of the
storm signals, for without them a great
number OF foolish people are liable to Qe,
beyond their depth.
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

DENIzENs of the prairies have the dis
comfort OF b]izzards and some other draw
backs, but nothing that compares with the
errible experience Of the dwellers in the
heavily timbered regions of Northern Mich
lgan, and Ut that which befel No,theru
Wisconsin few years ago, from the fierce
fires in the woods duringa period of drouth.
The theory OF compensations does not
hold good i'll these terrible circumstances.
for nothing can compensate the hundreds
who lave lost their lives, nor their sorrow >
ing friends.
The Worthington advance., 1881-09-15

IT is said that the hottest heat and the
coldest cold was provided by the year 1881.
Possibly this may be tue, but c,.n any one
name season during Ills life. even il it be
three-score and ten years, that was not re-
mar rkable in some respects, or was not so
considered as such when experienced. =