Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-03-14

were immediately arrested. The gas lamps
in the Michael garden beside the canal were
broken in pieces by the conclusion. A cor
don OF guards was drawn around the scene of
the murder. The streets are densely thronged
with excited crowds, and the utmost SYM
pathy with the Imperial family is everywhere
expressed. The bells of the principal churches
are tolling.
ROME, March 13th.-In consequence of the
death of the Car, Premier Caorili has post
poned his reception until Monday.
VIENNA, March 13th.-Emperor Francis
Joseph received the first news of the Cars
murder which reached Vienna. he immedi-
ately sent messages of coincidence to the
Czarovitch and Imperial family.
BERLIN, March 13th.-The news of the
death of the Gar was fearful shock to En-
peror William.
THE NEWS AT NEW YORK.
NEW YORK, March 13th.-Upon the re-
ceipt of the news Of the death of the Gar the
Russian Consul went to Washington. Rev.
Nicholas Blowing, head of the Greek Church
here, said he had dispatch from Washing
ton stating that for some time past it was
claimed that they had been doing things in
Russia in sort of "bombshell style" It
was hard to tell which way matters would
go. 1t was generally believed that the views
of the Czarovitch were in opposition to his
father, and twas question now whether he
would now seek for vengeance for his
fathers death instead of carrying out his own
views. He said the general administration
of late was thought to be acceptable to the
Nihilists, but by the death of Gar the
various reforms which he had projected were
cut off, and it was difficult for any man to
deplored the death of the Emperor.
THE AssAssNATED EMPEROR.
ALEXANDER H., surnamed Nicoleavitch
Il. e., son of Nicholas'), Emperor of Rus
STA, the eldest son of Nicholas l., was born
on the 18th of April, 1918. His mother,
Alexandra Feodorovna, was a sister of Fred
erick William " of Prussia He married
in 1871 daughter Of Louis H., Grand Duke
| of Hesse. Darmstadt, who, on joining the
Greek Church, adopted the name of Marie
Alexandrovna. On the death of Nicholas,
March 2, 1886, he assembled the throne, in
side and France, England, Turkey and Sar-
DINA on the other. He retained in office the
ministers of his father, and proclaimed his
intention to pursue the policy of his prede-
cessor. The war was prosecuted with vigor
even after the capture Of Sebastopol, Sep
TENDER, 1855. Conferences for the negotia.
ton of peace, opened in Paris in March,
1856, resulted in treaty by which neither
party gained any important advantages.
After the restoration Of peace he ordered
several reforms in the administration, and
acquired the reputation of being more
moderate and liberal than his father. Among
the important measures of his reign was the
gradual emancipation Of more than twenty
millions of serfs, which was decreed in
March, 1861. A letter which he addressed
to the Government of the United States in
1861, on the subject OF the great rebellion,
was received as an indication of most friend
ly feeling on the part of Russia toward this
country, which was doubly welcome on &C.
count of the doubtful or hostile attitude as
sumed by some of the leading European
powers.
In 1862, the two topics most prominent in
his reign were TIE condition of Poland and
the effect of the promised emancipation of
the serfs. In October, 1861, the celebration
in the memory Of Kosciusko was prevented
in Poland, and Warsaw declared in a state of
siege. Many arrests followed, and many
Poles were condemned to death. In 1862,
citizens of Poland, contrary to the custom
followed in Russia, were seized for the army,
chiefly from among those who had mani
tested opposition to the Government and
this without regard to the limit of military
age The liberation of the serfs was to be
completed by February, 1868, and as these
persons comprised more than half the Euro
pean population of the empire, the subject was
prominent topic of the era, and the
feeling was that the step was but pre-
limInary to other equally radical changes
in the political management of the empire.
Alexander accorded to the students of st. Pc
tersburg, Moscow and Kasan greater liberty
than was allowed under the despotic rule of
his father, but as they manifested too great
freedom of utterance repression was employed
and conflicts between the students and au-
thorities followed, resulting in bloodshed
The press demanded relief from censorship,
and the constituent assemblies of the eighty
eight governments of Russia demanded local
self-government and liberty of the press and
the assembling of the General Assembly, and
constitution. The Emperor did not re-
spond cordially, but granted other reforms,
as the taking of judicial power from the POI
lice and delegation of it in civil magistrates
elected by the people, the abolition of impris-
onment for debt for less than $780, examina-
ton of all persons arrested within twenty.four
hours, etc.; relief of the Emperor from exam
nation of crimes against the State religion
and crimes committed by Government Off
GERS, etc. In 1862, the 1,000th anniversary
of the founding of the Empire was celebrated.
March 3, 1868, the transitory epoch for the
abolition of serfdom expired, and serfdom
definitely expired through the empire. The
event was celebrated with great solemnity.
The .emancipated serfs proved peaceable, and
showed that they appreciated the boon of
liberty. In this year municipal constitutions
were conceded to the peasants, and the social
condition of the peasantry improved rapidly.
The price of land rose all over the empire.
Money came ont of its hiding places, and
general prosperity was manifest.
January, 1868, to April, 1864, the Po-
lish instruction drew to close,
and in that time 10000 insurgents
were killed or severely wounded,
361 condemned to death and 5000 trans
ported to Siberia. Liberal measures were
then introduced for the relief of Poland.
The Circassian war, which had engaged
Russia for thirty years, closed in 1864.
Schamyl, the warlike chief, being finally de-
feated. The paci6cation of Poland having
been accomplished Alexander began the con-
quest of Turkistan. The years 1864 were
marked by great military successes. In the
loruler year Tue HrsG step was taken toward
the introduction CT constitutional form of
Government, the initial movement being in
the Grand Ducby of Finland, and the Car
expressed his intention to develop liberal
institutions in other parts of the en-
pire. In 1864 his ukase issued
for the organization of the provincial
and district representations of Russia. ex-
cepting only Archangel Astracan and Bessa-
rabia. The Courts Of justice were reorsan-
lied, and new penal code promulgated. Ia
1865 the newly-coDqnered provinces of Cen
trail Asia were organized into the province of
Turkistan. In this year the hereditary
Grand Duke died, the first Provincial Diets
of the empire convened, amidst much oppo-
sition by the Assemblies Of Mobiles, which
thought the new movement far too demo-
cratic and as tending to paralyze the infu-
ence of the upper classes, but the Gar was
firm, and bitter feeling grew up between
the throne and the nobility. In 1865 the
Gar made great progress in the Central Asia
campaign. In 1866 he made great conces-
sion to the principle of religious liberation by
permitting the Liyonians and Esthonians to
bring up their children in the Protestant
faith. In that year Poland was reorganized,
tending to complete classification of that
kingdom. In 1865 new law as to the press
was made, permitting editors to submit to
censorship or not, but providing that after
the warnings paper could be suspended,
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