, 1881-04-17
EDUCATING the HAND.
Schools for the Brain and
the Hands.
The St. Louis Manual Training
School-How It Was Es-
tablished.
Prgf. Eeadward's Theery-|astrattion,
lot Construction. the Object
Sought. -
The Boys as They Appear in The
Blacksmith and Carpenter
Shops.
rublic Spirit of The st. louisians-They Adopt
tbs Kindergarten System in the
The Museum Of Fine Arts-A Beautiful
Building, the Gift Of One
Man.
rublic Spirit Of The st. louisians-1hey Adopt
the Kindergarten System in the
Schools.
The Museum Of Fine Arts-A Beautiful
Building, the Gift Of One
Man.
St. Louis Worthy OF Imitation on the Sub
jeet Of Education by Chicago.
III the Editor Of 1As Chicago Tribune.


10 sAs Editor Of 7As Chicago Tribune
CHICAGO, April lG.-At the urgent reQues
of Col Augustus jacobson visited ST. LOU
and spent Tuesday last In IN inspection Z
the 81 Manual Training School, Of Washing
ton University. The subject OF manual edt
cation Is one of exceeding interest, and tn
II,t1e,proEress 1t has made among practice
peoples is matter for astonlshment. A brle
reference to the history Of education In trades
Us preliminary to what I propose to say noou
the St. Louis Institution, will not be inappro
pirate. Man, says Carlyle, g is t"o]
using animal. He can use tools, can devis
tools; with these the grant mountains ulel
Into light dust before him: he k,leads iron
lit were soft paste; seas are his ssmooth high
way, winds and fire his unwearying stecds
Nowhere do you find him without tools
wi uout tools he Is nothing; with tools he i:
a;ll'' This fact POLITICALLY and graphically
stated has been known to the world evcl
since tic inrention Of the stonc~hatchet- Bu
not till within hundred years has it occurred
to mankind 70 teach practical mechanics
And cuiiously enough the first school Of
trades was
ESTABLISHED IN RUSSIA
'ssystematic instruction Of children In the
bare details OF single trade and their early
introduction to the shops" England, the
foremost nation in the world In manufact-
ures, has no nlanual-labor schools. and these
institutions are in their infancy in this coun-
3. try. Belgium has schools for weaving
France for silks and laces; Switzerland for
watches and toys; and Bohemia for glass
making, pottery, etc. Austria has twenty
odd schools fo7 weaving; three schools for
lace. eight: schools for the whole group Ut
mechanical industries; special school for
matchmaking at vienna: fifteen schools for
giving instruction In the arts OF working
wood. marble, and ivory; six for instruction
In making toys: four for instruction fn
making baskets aud mats; and seven for III
structton In making arms and III other metal
lurgicai industries" The artisans
SCHOOL. OF ROTTERDAM
IS perhaps the most perfect of its kind in the
world 1t has, 200 pnpils. The course Of
study Is three years. The commo1l-school
branches are taught. mud, in addition.
Algebra, Geometry, elementary mechanics,
and physics, drawing, singing, etc. Then
there are workshops for the following classes
of worktnen: Carpenters, blacksmiths,
metal-workers, masons, stone-cutters, cabi-
netmakers, wood-caryers. metal -turners. and
others less important. This school has been
in operation twelve years; and it has demon
strated that boys who are occupied
oSE-HALF OF THE DAY WITH BOOKS
and the remaining half with tools in the
shops make about Is rapid intellectual prog
ress as those OF equal ability who spend the
whole day in study and recitation. And, in
addition, the mechanical skill they acquire Ii
of1nMense value" In 1873 a free aupre11-
tlce school WAS established in Paris, similar
dam, which is popular, and its patronage is
increasing. am indebted to a paper read
before the St Louis Suciat Science Assucia-
uan In 1873 By Prot. G. II. Woodward, Dean
Manual Training School nf the Washington
University, for the materials for this brief
historical sketch.
~: PROF. WOODWARD
has made thorough study of the subject
and Is probably better fitted to discuss it in
1ell'gently than any man in the United
tails Of actual trades. He regards this
method Us ''far too narrow for general edu-
cational purposes.' He we'll says: t'Our
physical education must be as broad and
literal as our intellectual: and adds: *.Do
having nearly every young nlan learn a
trade, or, rather, the essential clements Of
many trades; but I would not have him
learn z single. specially SO early aud 50 tx
SEs-
the object of the shop is education, student
should te allowed to discontinue any task
Or @ process the lnosnent lie las learned to do
4 tf, wsl ,ach,n.s, Should We 1,ot abstract all
and typical tools Of the trades and occup.,
tions uf men, aud arrange systematic course
OF: instruction III the same and then inc0rpt}-
rah: It into our system of education ? Thus,
without teaching any one trade, we teach
THE ESSENTIAL MECHANICAL. PRINCIPLES
The thousands Of tools used il, the arts are
but notifications OF 4 few simple ele- |
ments. .,. The universal Tools ar.
scarcely more than i,alf4ozen in NUMBER |
I nave made these extended extracts from !
PROT; Woodwari's Interesting paper in Or !
der that Il clear idea may bc obtained of his !
the0ry-nan1eIy, in the language Ut Mr. Run |
kle. President Of the Massachusetts Institute |
Of Technology. that it is bust to tccl, :sr nrt
before attempting to apply it,: thar tie me- /
4 graded series ct examples. or exercises. by !
the usual laboratory ,lethtals which, we chi
ploy In .tt:aching the sciences. Milking the |
art-and not the tra}le-tundamelltal, and |
methods is tue Russian system. The system [
Is instruction in the arts Tor The: purpose of
and not construction for the
purpose Of Instruction." Or course this Is
q 5le method ft''lowedin the ST. Louis Manual
~. PROF. WOODWARD
is the father of 1t. It was established ,}uue !
i. 1879, but 1t calnot be said to have had an
active life until September. 1850, when 4 !
Elome was provided for it. The venerable
Dir. WILLIAM G. ELIOT,
distinguished American clergyman. whose
whole life aud splendid energies have been
aevofed to works of charity and the advance
Aenr ct education, dollated The ground
lyalued at sG,W0) where the Manual Sclltloi
Euiltlir. stands.<. Mr.. Edwin Harrison it,
[rayed tue Cost Of the erection of lie buii,l-
rg,-SiS.csD. AIr. Sumuel Cuppits obligated
himself t, pay $:;.OV0 per ai,u,im fur i've
Years. and Mr. Gottlieb ConzelnIun S1.u00 m
tually for like period for the SUPPORT nf
[he il Institution. and the sum Ut Si1,VW or
aacreapouts was raised III defray the east Of
agetisd machinery, bDl1ers. engines etc. Il
siat ~ observed that tAe existence of the i
,entoa ts IS assured for liveyears for the sum Of
ae'oeU, and that tllissun, has been donated by
=, ,runI,c-s1'11urED. CITIZENS OF ST. LOUIS, +
!! 1he Manual Schuol Building Is in the midsr
" y. ne grounds Ut the Washington Tnirersi.
Is,-ls y. part Of the University educational sys
IN lttsetsi Its tall chimney, in clost. r,r,y
l.nay ~. ~ tue mail University building mi fn
" !s Museum of Fine Arts Building. on thn |
1L'ler sl!te. OF which, shall speak fater M
'tte4''s Z l'stle out Of place ut first view. bui