davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-12
Changing Stockings.

recently visited village IN Michigan,
to sec old Mrs. Brown about pension she
wants from the Government, and when VIC
had finished our business | said
II see you have your churches here"
"lcs; but we never have any sermons
worth listening to-"
"rhc men look intelligent and smart"
''Humph! They arc regular pokes
There isn't a man IN FarmvilIc who knows
enough TO ask boot in Il horse trade"
''But the women look happy" pro-
tested.
''rhcn they look what they amt" she
answered. 81 don't believe there is a
happy woman in the whole village. If you
knew of the awful carrylngs on here you
wouldn't look for happy wives"
"What awful things do the mon do 2"
You'd better ask what they don't do /!
It's wonder to me that Farmvillc hasn't
shared the fate of Sodom and Common
rah.'
''Do they drink ?"
''Do they2 Didn't sec even old Deacon
Harris weaving this way and that as he
climbed the hill last evenings Its slippery
path, OF course, but sober men don't climb
hill Sideways"
"Do they gamble p
S'ahiblS1 w ilRI ulll nlTS. IOlIS GCll
me that her brothers wife told Mrs. Davis
not month agol -Four of the leading
men in the place were caught playing
checkers for the soda water. That's u
nice example, isn't it Z"
"ls Mrs. Potts nice2"
Mic! Why, she's the worst gossip in
town2 It's wonder the men don't duck
her in the mill pond!"
"And Mrs. Dayis}"
''Shc's a hypacrltc She'll talk sweet
back"
Mrs. George IS well spoken Of.
"By whom? pvc known her fifteen
years. and never heard human being
speak wcll of her! She eats opium and
lies like n trollop!"
''lsn't Mrs. McIIcnry all right?"
"All rightI Why, no one can live in
the house next to her"
"Thc Postmaster seems like a good
man, | venturcd to remark.
Good man! Why, my husband always
believed he was tho very man who threw Il
yallcr dog down our well don't say that
he steals letters, but know that when |
sent two threc-Ccnl stamps in letter to
my daughter in lllinoy she never rot it. :"
''But there must be one good man Ii rc2"
'Fhcrc must, ch! Well, | wish you'd
pint him out to Inc. rd like to polish up
my spcctaclcs and take good look ut
him"
"And isn't there one faUl,lcss woman ~
"Wcll, don't want to seem vain and
colcclled, because none Of us are long for
tins world, but expect Im the f.ulllcss
one you arc inquiriny aftcr!'
think l shall 20 out on the evening
train. Mrs Brown says That every house
ana lUL Is nlUrtgnSeu, every business man
is ready to bust" and every family has
ut least one scandal about them. On my
way over to the Post Office an hour ago |
asked grocer if he knew old Mrs. Brown.
"know her! Why, she's "a gossip, IL
liar, hypocritc, ami dead beat, ana too
lazy 10 cnangc her stockings more than
twice ycar!"
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-12
TRI-WEEKLY EDITION
A DOUBLING HEART.

Where are the swallows nedi
Frozen and dead,
Perchanoe upon some bleak,and stYrmy shore
doubling heart!
Far over purple seas.
Thoy wpit in sunny ease
Tho balmy southern breeze.
10 bring them 10 the northern homo once
Why must tho flowers die
Pr.soned they lie
In tho cold tomb Needless Of tears or rain.
douLting heart
Thoy only sleep below
Tue soft white crnine SNOW.
While winter winds shall blow.
10 biea,he and smile upon you soon again.
The sun has hid it's rays
These many a days
viii drt ary hours never leave the earth?
doubling Eeart
The stormy clouds on high
Vol the rame sunny sky,
That Boon (frr spring is n'gh)
Shall waRo tho summer into golden miith.
Fair hopo il dead, and light
IL quenortd In night.
What sound can break tue silence Of despair
. doubtin heart
Thy sky ID overcast.
Yot stars shall rise at last,
brighter for darkness past.
And ange.s' silver voices stir tho. air.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-12
sOlllo I}Sgr.

Cornelius Roscnburg, a lIOllandcr by
birth, and woodturner by trade, who
lives in Elizabeth street, Rochester, New
York, has passed the last twelve of the
itty-twO years he has becn in this world IN
way worthy OF note. lie works regularly
ny day, but on every night with less thar,
dozen exceptions during the years named,
he has after supper taken walk of three
or four miles, invariably stopping in his
journey at Marburger's brewery, whore ho
drinks three or four "schooncrs" of lager
beer. Hc generally arrives in the tap.
room at nino o'clock, and leaves with great
regularity at tea o'clock. On week days
he seldom smokes but on Sunday ho re-
mains at his boarding house and smokes ten
to fifteen cigars. Ito is not talkativc, make
few acquantancos, and at Marburgcrs,. AZ
at his boarding house, takes the same place
at the table ON every visit. lie neither
gives nor accepts treats" and his favorite
beverage never disagrces with HIM. As-
suming that MIR. Roscnburg drank no beer
on Sunday, but took four ga scs daily OH
week days during the past twclyo years, he
must have lmbibed IL, 029 glasses But as
1t appHnts that on some rare occasions he
took but three glasses ;yo have allowed
b!m, In round numbers, $4,000 scilooners
or jpSer, an amount OF fluid that would
fioht a tair-sizcd vessel.
---------D 0
.-Arkansas last year produced $50, =
ar Hnf
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-12

.-Arkansas last year produced $50 >
O0O, ,000 worth OF cotton.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1881-02-12

---Ol the lst or JAnuarJ thsre were
~, 900 troops III ireland.
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
A New Musical Instrument.

The pyrOphOn, an instrument in which
flames produce the sounds, is on exhibition
at Baden-Baden. This instrument resembles
an organ in construction and appearance, as
far as its Keyboard and pipes are concerned,
but the latter are made of glass instead of
metal or wood, and the tones they give forth
in Obediencs to the pressure of the player's
fingers on the keys are produced by the ac-
ton OF flame upon their atmospheric con-
tents. Jets Of lighted gas, divided into a
number of small flames, are forced into these
glass cylinders, the length and diameter of
which are regulated in accordance with the
depth or height Of the note desired to be pro-
duced, and the result is regular and perfect
series OF sustained musical sounds, peculiar
in quality, but bearing some affinity to those
elected from an ordinary blast organ under
the influence of the Salcional and GAMBIA
stop. The pyrophon at present on view at
Baden-Baden has compass of only two oc-
tavos and halt, and considerable force is
requisite to manipulate the key Hoard, owing
to the weight of the gas pipes set in motion
by each pressure necessary to the production
Of a note. Some of its glass pipes are eight
feet long, and the maximum length of the
sound-generating flame admitted to them is
sixteen inches The effect of a performance
upon this curious instrument, which fills the
room in which it is set up with light as well
as sound of a strange and unearthly charac-
tor, is described in musical journals as ex-
tremely impressive
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
Origin OF the Bureau.

In curious article ON Army EtymOlogy'
in the United Serrice RcUie,o Col Closson
writes:
The word bureau is not devoid of interest
outside of its ominous Importance at present,
when the tendency everywhere seems to set
towards Capitalization OF power, crushing
out by its formidable piece Of furniture any
independence Of action, and destroying indi-
vidual freedom beneath what are called cor
porations in business, rings in politics and
unions In trade, the caucus Of Congress, and
the consolation of the church.
There was in old times common brown
cloth made of wool and called burrel. 1t
gave to the poorer classes who wore it the
name of borel, just as war has its traditions
OF red-coat, blue-jacket, and grayback. The
root is probably seen in burr, and may be
recognized in that portion of ecclesiastical
dress known as birretta. As occupations
have furnished family names, so those who
made the burril are well represented in the
census lists Of to-day as Burrills.
The word bureau belongs here, and thus
had primary reference to color. signifying
a desk covered with the dark, coarse cloth in
question. 1t is akin to the Spanish word for
donkey, berrO, following the example Of the
English equivalent in its production OF
name from the complexion, and is also seen
in the French bourreau, meaning executioner,
taken from the course people who wore the
coarse cloth
Evidently, then, the ranks of the bureau
cracy must make room for these their hum
BILE brothers by virtue of etymology.
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
Animal Reasoning.
lNature.1

A lady was at one time Matron of hOspi-
tai for poor women and children, which was
maintained by subscription. One of the in
mates was blind girl who was not there as
a patient, but temporarily till home could
be found for her. She had learned to feed
herself, and at meal time tray containing
hersdinner was placed ON her knee, as she
sat in comfortable chair, for her special
convenience in feeding herself One day
while she was eating, the pet cat of the es-
tablishment placed herself before the girl
and looked long and earnestly at her, so
earnestly that the Matron, fearing the ami
NAL meditated some mischief to the girl
took her out Of the room. Again the next
day, at the same hour, the cat entered the
room, but this time walked quietly to her
side, reared herself on her hind legs, and
steathily reached out her paw to
the plate, selected and seized morsel that
pleased her, and silently as she came, depart
ed to enjoy her stolen meal. The girl never
noticed her loss, and when told of it by her
laughed very heartily. 1t is
evident that the cat, from observation, had
entirely satisfied herself that the girl could
not see, and by a process of reasoning de-
cided she could steal a good dinner by this
practical use of her knowledge
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
Political Education.

The first tract issued by the Society for
Political Education contains an address by
Edward Atkinson before the Finance Club
of the Harvard University ON the question.
What is Bank? In no part of economical
science is there more of popular ignorance.
And it has this contradiction, that whereas
the facilities given by banking to the move
ment of money, and to the payments of trade
without movement of money, make one dol
lar serve the purpose of several, and are
equivalent to large increase in the volume
OF money, yet the prejudice against banks is
in people who believe in issuing more money
Banks are the exchanges of the business of
the people. They also gather up the idle
money and the current balances, which other
wise would lie dead, and keep them in the
currents of trade. The issuing of notes is
not a part Of the legitimate business of bank
ing. When our country shall come to the
perfected money, it will be notes which rep
resent bullion actually held somewhere, dol
lar for dollar. Then credit crises-which
are periodical to modern trade-shall not be
by a panic for the solvency of cred
it money. Then the coming Of gold and S.
yer, save for change, will cease. Then there
will never be a run for coin redemption OF
notes.
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
W0OdsaWyers With a History.

In Dubuque Iowa, two men are now en-
gagged in saving wood for Mr. John Cole
man, who have q history. One OF them,
John Derney, has been millionaire Dur
ing the war he was q member of q New ,Jer-
sey regiment, and served uuder Mcclellan in
the Potomac army. He was in many battles
and received many wounds. He receives a
pension OF SS per month. At the close of the
war he went to California, and thence to
Mexico, where he engaged in silver mining
and was very successful, amassing hand
some fortune. About eight years ago he
married the daughter of Gen. Emil Toutoreta,
a wealthy merchant Of Mexico, with whom
he lived very happily for two or three years.
He decided to sell his property and return to
this country. 1t did not take him long to
dispose of his real estate and other interests,
although he sacrificed considerable of it.
His wealth now consisted of bonds and other
cash securities, which he intended to deposit
in the Bank of Mexico for safety, and to be
drawn when he reached his destination.
On the 18th of October, 1874. the night be-
fore he intended to start on his return his
wife stole all his money and securities
and fled with her lover, and he
has never seen or heard of her since. He
arrived in New York with little money, and
as may be expected, gave himself up to dis
sipatiOn. He has been a wanderer ever
since, arriving in Dubuque few days ago
John Murphy is his fellow laborer at the
woodpile of Mr.. Coleman. A few years ago
Murphy was the captain OF a steamboat on
the Ohio river, which he owned, and was
otherwise well Off He met with reverse of
fortune and i'll luck, and last summer was
roustaboUt on the Upper Mississippi.
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
Helena, Montana, Thursday, April 28, 1881.
Outdoor Life tor Children.

DIR: F. 1. Oswald says in the Popular Sci.
ence Monthly: I have often been asked al
what age infants can first be safely exposed
to the influence of the open air. My answer
is "On the first warm, dry day." There is
no reason why newborn child should not
sleep as soundly under the canopy of a gar
den tree on pillow of sun-warmed hay as
in the atmosphere of an i'll ventilated nur-
sery. Thousands of sickly nurslings, pining
away III the slums of our manufacturing
towns, might be saved by an occasional sun
bath. Aside from its warmth and its chemi-
cal influence on vegetal oxygen, sunlight ex-
ercises upon certain organisms vitalizing
influence which science has not yet quite ex-
planned, but whose effect is illustrated by the
contrast between the weeds of shady grove
and those of the sunlit fields, between the
rank grass of a deep valley and the aromatic
heritage OF a mountain meadow, as well as
by the peculiar wholesome appearance of a
"sun-burned" person or sun-ripened fruit
Sunlight is too cheap to become fashionable
remedy, but its hygenic influence can hardly
be overrated. Even in the glorious climate
of the Latian hills the Roman epicureans
rets-where they could bask in the full rays
of the winter sun, the balm of old age, as
Columella calls it, and, on the summerless
Isle OF Rugen, nature has taught the poor
fishermen to carry their BARN to the downs
of Stubbenkammer, where the Baltic fogs
alternate with a few sunny days Dry sand
is, indeed, an excellent medium of solar
caloric. Children like it instinctively; most
babies are fond Of rummagng in some tangi-
BILE, yielding element. In default of sunny
beach, get a carload of river sand, spread it
and expose it to the sun for couple of hours,
then rake it together, mix it ad captdndum
with a bushel OF pebbles (good sized ones,
lest they might be mistaken for sugar-plums)
livest your bambino of all superfluous cloth
ing, and let him wallow-all the afternoon,
# he chooses; if the surface Of the pile gets
too warm, instinct will teach him to dig
lown to the cooler substrata Or take him |
% meadow where fresh hay has been piled !
Up in little stacks; climbing and tumbling
will do him more good than lying mOtionless !
n narrow baby-carriage. The inventor of
recommends a grassy hollow
With scattered playthings, piles of dry leaves,
.tc., (near shade tree in midsummer where
yOung squealers can take care of themselves
or an hour or two, and warrants that they
will not cry, unless their botanic researches
hould happen to acquaint them with the
properties Of the German horse nettle. On
Mid winter days, tOO self-mOtive babies
ught to pass few hours out of doors, even
the ground be little wet; sunny nook
II the lee side of garden wall is healthier
lay ground than the dusty floor of stove
OOm.
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
Ex.COnfederate Officers.

Most of the prominent officers of the late
confederacy are comfortably situated in
peaceful pursuits. Major General Marina
duke is Missouri Railway Commissioner,
and as bachelor, lives comfortably in St.
Louis on salary of $1,000 year. General
]. b. Gordon, as counsel for the Louisville &
Nashville Railroad, is in receipt of a salary
OF $4,000. Major General F. B. Cheatham
has handsome farm in Tennessee, and Cen
eral L. j. Polk has another. General Toombs
practices law and is very rich. General Ba-
sil Duke is lawyer in Louisville, and has
good income. General Bradley Johnston is
also getting rich in the same profession in
Baltimore All the sons of Robert E. Lee,
except one are moderately successful farmers
in Virginia. The exception. Custis Lee, sue
ceeded his father as President of Washington
Lee University. General Jubal Early is liv-
ing quietly at Lynchburg in comfortable cir
cumstances General j. c. Pemberton has
become resident of Philadelphia, is an in
valid, and has written book on Vicksburg.
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
THE HISTORY OF ZERO.
A Curious Instance of How Wise Mems
Errors are Rendered Immortal.
From the Metal Worker. I

From the Metal Worker
Zero" on the common thermometer, like
the fanciful names of the consultations is q
curious instance of the way wise mems errors
are made immortal by becoming popular 1t
may be worth while to say that the word
itself Zero comes to us through the Span
iSh from the Arabic, and means empty hence
nothing. In expressions like "90 Fahr," the
abbreviation Fahr. stands for Fahrenheit, a
Prussian merchant of Dantzic, on the Baltic
Sea. His full name was Gabriel Daniel Fab
renheit. From a boy he was close observer
of nature, and when only nineteen years old,
in the remarkably cold winter Of 1909, lie
experimental by pntting snow and salt to-
gether, and noticed that it produced degree
of cold equal to the coldest day of the year,
and that day was the coldest day that the
Oldest inhabitants could remember. Gabriel
was the more struck with the coincidence Of
his little scientific discovery, and hastily
concluded that he had found the lowest de-
gree Of temperature known in the world,
either natural or artificial. He called the
degree zero, and constructed q thermometer,
or rude weather glass, with scale gradu-
ating up from zero to boiling point, which
he numbered 212 and the freezing point 81
because, as he thought, mercury contracted
the 32d of its volume On being cooled down
from the temperature of freezing water to
zero, and expanded 1SOth on being heated
from the freezing to the boiling point.
Time showed that this arrangement instead
of being truly scientific, was as arbitrary as
the division Of the Bible into verses and
chapters, and that these two points no more
represented the real extent of temperature
than from Dan to Beersheba" expressed the /
exact extremes Of Palestine But Fahren-
heit's thermometer had been widely adopted
with its inconvenient scale, and none thought |
of any better until his name became ain au-
thority, for Fahrenheit finally abandoned
trade and gave himself up to science. Z
The three countries which use Fahrenheit /
are England, Holland and America. Russia /
and Germany use Reaumers thermometer,
in which to boiling point is counted so de-
grees above freezing. France uses the cent?
grade thermometer, SO called because it makes
the boiling point 100 degrees from freezing
point. On many accounts the centigrade
system is the best, and the triumph of
will be made when when zero is
made the freezing point, and when the boii-a
ing point is put 100 or one 1 900 degrees from
it, and ali the subdivisions are fixed decim-
ally. If Fahrenheit had done this at first, or
even if he had made it one of his many i'm
provements after the public had adopted his
error, the lack of opportunity, which was
really his, would have secured to his inven-
ton the patronage of the world
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
The Arctic Winter.

The general opinion that the Arctic winter
is long, dreary one, of absolute night, is
contradicted by Lieutenant Schwatka. In
latitude $50 2O> north, the highest point ever
reached by man, there are four hours and
forty-two minutes of twilight on December
%, the shortest day in the year in the north
ern hemisphere. The North Pole is only
shrouded in perfect darkness from November
13 to January 20, period of seventy-seven
days The Pole has about 1873 days of con-
tinuous daylight, 100 days of varying twi-
light, and seventy seven of perfect inky
darkness (save when the moon has north
ern declination), in the period of typical
year. During little over four days the sun
shines continuously on both the North and
South Poles at the same time
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
No. "a
VERY OLD PEOPLE.
A Man Of IOS Who Lost HIS Wife After
Ninety Years OF Married Life.
York Sun.

/ New York Sun.
| In Montreal, in January, 1889, Michael
Gannue and Melissa GAMER were married.
He was seventeen, she was fourteen. In
1901 they removed to Scottsburg, now Scots
ville this county. There they lived together
for seventy-eight years. On the 5th of De-
cember, 1879, Mrs. Gannue died, at the age
of 103 years, after married life of ninety
years Her husband is still living, 1OS years
old. He lives with his sOn-in-law, George
Muir, at 81 Munger street, in Rochester, \.
Y. He is sound mentally. With the excep-
ton of being a cripple from fall he had
sixteen years ago, his physical condition is
excellent He became blind in his ninetieth
year He was blind six years, when his sight
gradually returned. When his wife was
dying he stood by her bedside When she
could no longer speak to him, he became so
affected that his eyesight failed again. On
the day of her burial he was escorted to her
coffin to take his last look at his venerable
consOrt. He could not see her face. He ex-
claimed bitterly: 1T is hard, after living
nearly ninety years with her. that she must
be taken away without my being able to see
her againn' He had never been known to
weep before
Mr.. Gannue is a basket maker He has
not worked at his trade since he became a
cripple. He is an inveterate user of tobacco,
but never drank Intoxicating liquor. His
wife bore him sixteen children. Eight-three
sons and five daughters-are still living.
There are living besides thirty-eight grand
children, twenty-three great grandchildren,
thirteen reat-great-grandchildre eight
at-grandchildren and five
yreat-great- -great-great- A few
months ago Mr.. Gannue's eyesight was again
Helena weekly herald. [volume] (Helena, Mont.) 1867-1900, 1881-04-28
Cremated in an Australian Bush Fire.
lLondon Gazette, March 18th.

Atragc story reaches us from Franklin
Harbor in South Australia On the last day
butOne of the old year Martin Mccarthy,
with four OF his sons, left their thatched
homestead in the Hundred of Hunl1er to
reap the wheat, which stood ripe for the
sickle at distance of about a mile. They
noticed a bush fire about dozen miles off,
butsas the wind was in the opposite direction
they thought nothing of it, and went on reap
gtill dinner time. Immediately after that
meal, which they took in the field the wind
veered round, and, rising to a hurricane
swept the fire down upon their farm. Des-
perately plunging through the binding
smoke, they barely succeeded in gaining
clearing one hundred yards distant before
huge tongues of fire fifty feet high rushed
past them, roaring and kissing as they
licked up every vestige of vegetation in
their course. When the flames had subsided,
Mccarthy, followed by his boys, fastened
with terrible, forebOdings across the charred
and sscorching plain, to see if any of his fam-
ly had been spared. AS he ran toward the
chimney, which alone remained to mark the
site of his dwelling he stumbled over what
he took to be the stump of a tree, but which
he Immediately discovered was the charred
corpse of his wife. A little further on was
the body of his seven year old boy, and round
the chimney lay heaped the blackened re-
mains OF his five daughters. The eldest, a
girl sof nineteen, clasped in her arms the
youngest, a baby of two years old. Accus-
toned as the colonists are to bush fires, this
unusual holocaust has cast gloom over the