, 1881-10-23


i;.t these t.,rpuscs we're independent. sell de
| vriopsns organisms in's"eeti from "'tnoui
,nany regarding their presence a. ntte eN p.: =;
| sun or t:t,,coniiuut ni the Disorder mt a. H.
cause. This must complicated nnu t:f1l''uit III
/ u,liry not only prcyp1! completely suctsssiiti q
| Il, VIVA: NAY be termed lis cnnM"rt;li onJcts
/ but that, Though il ta,neerset uuiy humble
worm, Ii laid The foundation nl nh csit:rels c"
system and neiho nj rcscarch int" the 1lat'':t
| and ctuses ot Il !.tr:. class Ut diseases III hlH!
| and the higher animals. or which we are nov
| only br::nnine to ser tho important results.
ts csz'itlc lnalay rvtensiyty prc'ls ',:,', t't M
England nr America. wc, is sometimes 'es.E-
] n.teI ".Splcnir fever anu sometimes ALI
,nrx 9" ai5e: ,,Se w'''ie M: n !:
/ lyne.' In its most malignant form 1t causes
the death Of the horses, cattle. and Snteb Il
fettel by it i'll t1lu ut lr-Anh-f'Tcn'y
hours. In ths less severe fur,u oI anthrax dis
| east: 1t occasions great and prolonged Snern:
I ,.ven when lnal recovery takes place. Eo1n
/ foruis seem
! PEnPAt;All.E TIL NAM
( Between tha years ls6. aud fS.o above o6oS
i deaths from lh:s d$enst. are recor1ted :ss having
occurred among horses, cattft, und sheep. ana
Is enths 'tnuu: the hun,an population, III thu
SINGLE district oi Nuvgurtai in Russia. II appears
IL be sc;trctly ty*r al'se from FlI1ncr. and l.
estimated 10 Involve all annual h'ss o1 nat
mllions IF frnnesn the part ii brctfeis III tb:it
| country: whole Hooks uni herds htiEK carried
| oil At once, and their prnprir'nrs ruined \
mild ep:ootic .! this type SEEMS I" hase or.;-
faiie Ia England between ls:an uiltt N;l: whit.
The .pa.le uf huS. nluisr whi.'h many OF t!lt.
human, population Suffered during s"1aae part ui
that ucceniutn. WAS probably s,fphEht On rs
infection from animals Attention has lately
h..!i drawn IL severe a1iJ often fAtli lu;l;thy
Occurring a;l4uE!r the *EOol ol-4'rtcrS ut Brazil
ford. TIE next important step IN this i1lNcS1t-
gat,on was the discovery Of tho modification ii,
the I,elity Of the poison. which cA1i u. ptu-
duc'ut by the ''cii!tlva:ion OF tho bacillus or
haercrti1n. Every ont knows that some 0t our
lnust vIlted estulcnt plants and fruits are the
"cultureti varieties Of tyrcS which nlan wolllu
Scarcely car.. to s.. in ,heir ori...nui stAte on
4,Tt t1f HA
their s..nl- poisonous qualities. And NOW that
we know lhat these
ulSEAs1.-f;EENS ARE rlr,,S or VEGETATION,
the i,.va naturally s,,xgcs's itself whether uley
1o>, may net be 50 fur modified by the 'enFl-
roi.ntnt III tho u1iuat of which they arr d.
ycloped rs To nntlerGu SoIne annlo.s'lis iNnihlt-
cation. Two t1,s1es Ut such "cl3tllrc' sl.Hpst
tEc1nselvcs-tlle introduction nj the germs in:u
the circulating current uf animals ri different
type und lis repeated transmission ftl:n one
stleh animal ~ a,!other. and cultivation carried
On out VI the living t'oly in tluns such S hlootl-
Serllln liz Olca; jliGe' which are tus1nl latnr:l-
bt 10 its growth. tho temperature Of the tlui1
in The latter case being kept pnrar'y 10 l''Ml-
frat l!uth these Mc,huds husr t,tcu used by
Ia$1eur himself anu by Prof. lsr!os, SaaltE-
sou: ana the latter especially ty II. Taussant%
oi Toulouse, WHO. Us well rs Pa:tenr. has TX,
tnuud u ue the d>casc-gcs!n oi il il1:la'!y
termed ''fowl cholera which proves very
fatal aK = ~, p2ul!r' @ u, IN ra;,et ; an1 ,o %t
ditionS of.:ho mitigation 1T the p'iStnE f.y .lr
uie have bcen most to:nptviciy te1rrnlst.d;
81 that the .lisAas. produced t.y the not1la1iu1l
Vi his cultivated. virus may t,' rtsldtre'f
trivial as 20 btt sclrcely worth .lut.e''.- His
nlcthotl consists IN c,.itivatlns the ba;.slnsu
lea1- itir. ar CHICKEN nrbth. ~ which :1tCcSs of
air * permitted wh!!.. llsl is .ssclI.i:i: and
then allowing Il c.c;Al1 time IL t.laps. before It
IS made u:' ot 1T lnocnlation experiments II
potency ot the ba.its hui little llB!!l-
ishcd; hut il the in1rrya! lie extended ~
Three or fonr 'nna1h:. it is to:'n.l that
t,,.3 ,.-f.h
gaais:u take the disease. they aav,. il
il, 1n;!drr form. and considerable proportion
recover whilst. il t1e ti:1.t' he still iurthe: pro-
tUl,gt1. say tt. eight Months. the tsi'ast. pro-
dntad hy il is ST mild not to t' 1t all SERIOUS.
the inorulated animals speedily srs,inug per-
feet t!aith and viGur
= Thus. then. il hecomes possible to affect sheep
aud cattle with Il form or anthrax disease
1nl.d asio bear mitch tll. same relation to 1hu
u,,d for his artificial affection with th1. 1nili-
gated disorder l'ast"nr nstS se term "v:ccstl:t-
tion." The Question that NOW atises-to wh!c:
tue whc'. previous investigation l;;ss !cs! up--S
the most important vi all: Docs this "t2ccna-
tiun with The 1:liid virus "
.tFFuED T11t. SAME pEoTEt"Tr,N
against the action OF the Strcrc. that is i'm
parted By cow-p" vaccination against siua-
last year obtained by Pr,,f. Greenfield .s,n Prof.
I,'lrdon Sandrrstn's Su1gess.ou', in regard to
bovine ;nilnals. aud by N lu'ssInt In regard to
sheep and Aocs: tho tnrmtr. w,r;l ''yaccln.tcl"
from rodents. and the latter from tlti:,ls c1;ti-
waited" outside the Ii, I'M. body after ,nc,hol
devised py II. 1''u: saint. proving themselves in
capable III heng Infected With any form ri
anthrax disease. though repeatedly i1tntia1rd
with the malignant VIRUS; anu remaining ftc:
The sam: result. having been obtained from
experiments lnut!t, l1y Pa-ttur himself. probably
at'out the 7:ttne date. with t:harbt'r- sls cnti-
Nated i'll the manner previously described:
it was deaaled eNpt,I;t'nr by one uf the p.o-
vincial Agricultural Societies Of France. that
this Important discovery should no publicly
la n YiEY .jftfb
faru, and Hoci: nt ity shrtp i,:.vi1,, it.t:sl
placed a1 NJ PAsteur 5 disposal, he snccilsatrd'
twenty-five OF tho toeii 'lis;insi'shc hr per-
foralion OF Their e,rSj With ;hu u:;si :!:s the
I'd of May last, and rnptatad tile -DprrI iun
tue Eth nj the ~ant' uul'h. The animals all
passed through Sigh: ill!ispusition but Il, the
end OF the Naanil nom. Of them were found IL
llay. lost either iat. appetite iiyclinrss. III
he lis nf that month aii the fifty sheep. witt:
II, ,nn:;c'' .:i'ar,nn-ri:rls: and NJ. ra@lur pre-
slscse that t:.. following, dizzy fla Twenty-Five
sheep itill<cn!a,e1 for the rst tuic would all bc
lend, whilst those /
rEoTEe'TEp .:r PREVIOUS 'yAct,SATt,S !
with the mild virus would be perfectly fretfrutn
even slight intiispmsitisn. y large :ssenlblagc
of agricultural authorities cavalry ot.ccrS. ant.
surgeons hlvill5 met ut the lcil the
he cr"cf'Y N tsttttats.: irh H. {fsrn5s uf.Y!tc-
fi"'s u: "c!oc; f'ef,!Fi'-fl.,ft, Of The 'unpru-
tssted 3 n; ;nGsp M yre , ,;'d; ,' ,9e t. t,, ',.
NH III hoilr afterwards. Hat the twenty
five 'yncciilatcd' sheep were" I'LL IN |
perfectly yft ,u'ifititin: Of thcm which hau
been desEneuiy inoci,!atGd with extra lnsr !
IT the poison, having !h.pn slightly iHlisi,u@c.i |
Fur few hours. hut having then reort:re.i. TAG
twenty-five trcusses were thnn buried i'll Il ST.
ectca spo5. with Il view 10 Tic fnrtcer eXi,nr;-
nental testing Of the poisonous effect produced
upon the grass which will grow over their graves.
Bur tie result. s"ys the reporter OF the IiH'S
June -, - il already c1'rtan and the ugrclIt-
ti:sl pstbli<: now !incw that an infal'. pre-
ten,re exists aI:tiist the charbou l'n;sDn. wc;,
: neither costly 1.ur difficult, a-nse man cat,
t!ncUi,te Il thousand sheep in 4 day" have |
't1se learned ;hat rhe r;utcr'On IS bring eager I
$ sought t'y the Frcn,:h owners Uf locks .rlt
ler,ts; and il any severe ,.p;,lcinit uf the s,l.
ind VERY to 1yea t,llt In this cstE1!itrr. ovtt
lgr;cuitursis would probably shns themselves
luttt. seAdy IL avail themselves Ut If. rn the
wool Sortcrs" vi Bradford it l.llst prove. =, |
most important boOn. II they e:ln t lr9. Ia uu-
ltrStl11d It's Value.
That this is not II remain III Isolated TACT, but |
yill he the first OF :, series Of
DISCOVERIES nF SURPRISING: IMpUI:rASt>l:
sntne vi them :tlrea!y approaching mutnritv,is is
loWn by the iAct that Ias1eur .tll,s fts:ru ilin-
elf able To in1&art Il like protection against
uWl-c cholera. fls' .'v:CCinatIEy chickens will
t. cultivated bacillus. =
These wonderful results obviously hbtI ultt an
llIlDst sure hope OF preventing the Elytues not
nrrely Of the destructive :lsl:ai plaques That
lluw themselves From 1i,:te To TIME .nong l,S
,ut Ut dnny that for SOME III tho most futul |
orrHs OF lana.l infectious iisras,> which .It:t,-