The Newberry herald. [volume] (Newberry, S.C.) 1865-1884, 1881-07-20

be filled up with, it about one foot
; deep, and this must be tamped
down hard. a second layer fol-
lows and is disposed. Of in The
same manner. This is repeated,
the clay being moistened every
time if required, and then beaten
down soiidty. This lower stratum
is but the foundation Of the dam,
which is formed from. the earth
dug out of. The pond orits vicinity.
I This is continued until the dam is
compIeted. Care mast be taken,
however, that che construction
and tampihg down Of this lower
stratum be done ia layers and
nothing but good clay be used. In
| this mauncr the material OF the
foun ndation will become & very te-
nacious mass, which will not allow
any water to penetrate. The
complotiou: Of this !aborious. task
/ will b. a source of ultimate satiS.
faction, as mary disadvantages,
which might arise after the filing
Of the pond, viii! be done away:
| with through its. agency The
! dam should, not be made entirely
of clay; for in Midsummer, dur
Tag the great heat, it woG!d dry
out TOO much OH That side most
exposed to the sun, and. "conse-
'queutly. -it';would become full Of
fssurUs. through which the water
would escape. and this might. be-
come DISASTROUS for the estarllsE.,
ment. :-.' 80" ..:.'':..;.. Il
On account of the required out:
let.sluices, etc, the fact must be
kept in view, that such newly con-
Structed dams will. sink ten per
cent. after a lapse of. time Of little
more than a year, With tho excep-
~tion Of that portion wbicA has
been soIidIy made. The dam shonld |
be sodded., For the draining Of
the pond, at the fishing out':sea.
son, it should have an outlet at
the lower end if no other adVan-
,tageous arrangements can be made
for the. purpose. The use OF wood.
work: for: the channel. should be
avoided, its durability not being
sufficient. The most desirable
construction you'd be that the
outlet, channel, .oopsist cit her of
masonry work or water pipes,
which may be made either Of clay
or iron: This channel Or, pipe,
must be 50 made that it can be
closed tightly or opened again
readily if,:needed. and }mhst be
provided with two or three:f0fd
gratiugs TO- prevent the escape of
the fishes upon the opening OF the
sluiee. At the. same. j.. time there
should be an ..outlet-channel, sev-
eral feetin breadth, at the side Of
the pond to allow the water to run
off. This must also be secured by :!
grating, but, SHOULD be kept. open
always, so that in case 0! con-
tlnued. rainy weather or Sudden
and violent showers Of rain or
thunder-sto storms, no over6owing OF
the. ban ks or dams may be possl-
bic. through the unexpected rising
Of the watcp.in the'pond.' Large
.Gsh-ponds of several hundred
acres extent. (some have surface.
Of 200, 1900 or 1000 acres) have
generally and according to their i.
size. two.or three outlets | have 1
described, and which pass under
meath the dam. The outflow from
these is usually regulated by ad'
iustment Of the food gates from
the top of the dam.
The so.called 'Monche' (mooks)
are wooden boxes, which stand
in the pond at distance of few
feet from the dam. They are
perforated like q sieve, or are
provided with small adjustu~.e
boards, and wooden pipes run
from them through the dam. In
Bohemia they are called carp
houses they are, however, rare
ly used in large establishments at
present, only such cuiturists max
ing use of them as have but mai!
breeding ponds at their command
and carry Oh culture on a small
scale. These locks suffer too much
from the water: air and sun, as
also from the pressure Of the ice
! in Winter, 50 that they require
considerable repairs at an early
date after their first coming into
use; bit they serve their purpose
fully in small! ponds, especially in
smaller ponds, which are intended