The Hickman courier. [volume] (Hickman, Ky.) 1859-current, 1881-09-30
CURRENTS.

To MAKE hard lead pencils a consid
cradle quantity of fine clay Is mixed with
the powdered graphite.
ONE ounce Of gold may be beaten out
so as to cover l60 square feet of surfaees
but the leaves are seldom made so thin !;
100 square feet to the ounce troy being
the usual extent
IL strength granite exceeds all other
building stones in common use. Its
weight is about 166 pounds to the cubic
/ loot, hence cubic yard weighs about
two tons. Granite usually contains
! about one per cent. of water
TIE water power at Lowell, Massa-
/ chusetts, was begun to be improved fer
/ general manufacturing purpose in 1s2i-
! The AIerrirnas, Rs,-s,,- q tlsts I5Q1af has a
falI of thirty-five feet, and furnishes ut a
minimum, about ten thousand horse
power during the usual working hours.
| Hollow steel shafting is being IA
/ troduced into France. 1t Is made lY
/ casting the metal round core of lime.
/ the ingot being finally rolled into shaft
| ing, the lime core going with it and
/ diminishing in diameter in the same
! proportion as the metal, even when the
/ total diameter Is reduced as low rs one
/ fourth of an inch.
/ THE earliest Application of water power
| to general manufacturing purposes ap-
/ pears TO have been at Patterson. New
/ Jersey, where ''The Society for Estab-
fishing Useful Manufactures was
| formed In the year 179l The Passaic
River at this point furnishes, when at a
minimum, about eleven hundred horse
power continuously, night and day.
To MAKE fishing lines water proof,
take of boiled oil two parts and gold size
one part shake together in a bottle,
and the mixture is ready for use. Apply
to the line, thoroughly dried, with a
piece of flannel expose to the air, and
dry. After using the line two or three
times it should have another coat, the
application being repeated when neces-
sary.
BRICKLAYERs make use of spirits of
turpentine, and also Of vinegar, for the
purpose of removing mortar stains from
pressed brick fronts, the materials being
carefully applied with a sponge or rag
Any acid applied in the above manner,
IN very dilute form, would answer The
purpose. Vinegar being a very dilute
ascetic acid Is probably as good a recipe
as can be given.
ARTISTS proofs of an engraving are
impressions taken with great care, under
the supervision of the artist himself, be-
fore the regular edition Is printed They
are always on the best of paper. and are
more perfect than those printed subse-
quently from the same plates. As but a
very few are ever struck of from the
same plate, they are highly priced and
command large prizes.
BEssEAIER steel is made 10y blowing air
through melted cast iron, thus burning
silicon and carbon ont of the cast iron
After the silicon and carbon are burned
ont, melted spiegelelsen or ferro-nanga-
nese Is added TO the charge. The car
bon IN the spiegel recarbonizes the steel
to the desired point, and the manganese
unites with and removes the oxygen
which the air used leaves in the steel.
A NEW file should always be used with
a light pressure until the very thin
sharp edges are worn off, after which a
heavier pressure may be used with much
less danger of the teeth crumbhug at
the top or breaking of at the base.
Every filcr should keep a partially-worn
file TO use first on chilled surfaces or
gritty skin of castings, or on weld
where borax or similar huxes have been
employed, or on the glazed surface OF
saws after cumming.
BLISTER steel Is made by heating bars
of wrought iron, bedded in charcoal, in
Theoretically sealed chambers. The car
bon of the charcoal penetrates the hot
iron, converting it into a crystalline mass
of crude steel. Large blisters rise on
the surfaces Of the bars. giving the name
blister steel to this product German
steel is blister steel rolled down into
bars. It is used mainly for tires and
,<>,.o,,,1,r, s,,1-i,,rrc but is bpiDO rapidiv
superseded by the cheaper grades of