Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-07-14

expression and answer simple questions cor
cerning it. 1t must be lesson in conyeI
sation this enables them to read in
natural Tone This sing-song method mus
be guarded against In it the esthetic feel
ing of the child finds expression. One O
the expressions of beauty is rhythm, and a
soon as You hear the sing song, have som
signal for him to stop, because it breaks u
the rhythm. There are three elements o
reading which you can recognize id al
grades, namely: Mechanical, Logical
Esthetical. The first is simply pronounc
ing the words; the second is the pronuncia
ton and also the words meaning some
thing to the child or what the mind re
ceives from the printed form. The thirt
element is that which satisfies good taste a
far as expression is concerned, and ma,
combine both the other clements. Asl
questions concerning the lesson to see i
they comprehend it and do not let then
answerin one word, because the lesson il
reading should be lesson In conversation
He gains new words this way and increase,
his vocabulary. A second reason for Who'll,
answers is, it helps the childin composition
In the multiplication table in arithmetic thi
will not hold good, but in all cases in read
ing lessons it should be insisted upon A
times you may designate let tho othel
members of the class find fault with ths
reader, but this must be limited
The second hour of Monday morning
was devoted to map-drawing, under Prof
Garrett. The school is doing remarkably
well under his instruction. His theories
and explanations are simple and explicit
and no one that can draw line can fill tc
draw maps under his direction
The third hour was devoted to Botany
under Prof. j. NJ. McBlyde.
The conservatory of the University i,
kept open at all times, and has many teach
ers to visit it. The flowers are i'll good con
dition, and are being extensively admired
by members of the Normal
After discussing parasites in connection
with the root of plants Prof. McBryde tool
up, in his course of Botany lectures, the
stem. He said The stem is the ascend
ing axis of the plant. Its function is tc
bear leaves to keep up the circulation. The
places where leaves and branches appear are
called nodes, and the intervening spaces are
inter-nodes. The original stem in the
ombro which consists of the radiele two
cotyledons and sometimes a plumule The
growth Consists of the development of the
buds. Regular buds are always found in
the axis of leaves. The growth ii. spring
consists of the development of buds already
formed. Some of these buds are covered
and some are not, and conse-
quently liable to winter kill Why
plants grow up is question on
which botanists are at sea. By the develop
ment of branches which are in the axis of
leaves we have great ramifeation. When
only the top bud develops it is called pri-
mary and when the lateral one develop, and
so on, it is called secondary. If it grows
five times the heighth of a man it is called
shrub, if larger, it is a tree The direc.
ton of growth is in various ways, namely
repent, or lying ON the ground and sends
off leaves, while the procumbent stem gives
then ascsnd oasunsyp spwsrs i 0sFatsa ant
either self-supporting or climbing. We
will find they climb in two directions
synistrorse, from right to left, and dex
trorse, from left to right. These terms are
used viewing the stems from the outside
The LinBn system Of botany views then
from within the coil and consequently use'
the terms vice versa. Prof. McB. also ex
planned tendrils, stolons, layers, suckers, &c
The fourth lecture of the morning was de-
voted to the study and explanation of ''Oul
Mother Tongue" The study of English il
always pleasant to English-speaking people
and is made doubly SO when it is taught anG
explained by as thorough master of it af
Prof. E. S. Joynes. He has given deeI
research and study to the history, peculiari
ties and characteristics of the language anc
his life study throws new light and inter
esting phases on the subject. A part of hi
lecture on yesterday morning was devoted
to the oral and written discipline united il
reading aloud, which, he said, was perhap
the highest disciplinary exercise possible il
connection with English. The next in i'm
portance to reading is composition. I'll,
spoke some time on these points and thel
proceeded 10 the characteristics o
the English language. He sale
Il shall speak of those points which maxi
it English. 1t is of prime importance tina
teachers shall study the characteristics t.
distinguish it from other languages, in orde
to know how to teach it. The vocabulary i
quite peculiar among the languages 1t is
mixture, gathered from all sources. 1t is o
great importance to teachers to have
knowledge of its history. 1t is "a COMPOUND
mainly of the German and Latin, Frencl
and Greek elements The bases or bone i
almost of German origin. On the othe
hand, there has been introduced in it b,
growth of the English nation, element
classical. Now these elements have united
in different relations SO that the vocabulary
presents series of strata, at the bottom
of which is the German, then a thin laye
of French, then deep layer of Latin, anc
then layer of Greek They stand not in
heterogeneous mixture but in strata O
crystalization. The primitive element
unite in one place, the classical in another
The former presents simple terms of life
while the latter derived from the Latin, ar,
represented by complex IDEAS The former
is simple and finds its place in the litera
ture of common life; the classical is tn,
scientific and higher-toned element. Th,
former is sef-explaining, the latter not
Hence two vocabularies are required
the one for the German elemen
and the other for the classical the lat
ter to be studied the most. Prof. Jovnes
enjoined upon the teachers the study O
Etymology, quoting from several books ane
naming several which he had tried, among
which are Swinton's Work of Analysis: Hal
deman's Book of Synonyms, &C., and afte1
Prof. Joynes concluded, the classes pro-
ceeded to their optional studies for three
quarters of an hour, and then assembled il
the chapel, where lecture on Penmanshir
was delivered by Prof. Jones and his son, Of
the Knoxville Business College. showing
the different positions of the body and
hand and giving the first principles of tht
science.
EIGHTH DAYS PROCEEDINGS.
A number of new teachers registered yes.
terday, swelling the list to one hundred and