The Iola register. [volume] (Iola, Allen County, Kansas) 1875-1902, 1881-05-06
Spring Work in Orchards.

Spring Work in Orchards
In localities where orchards are liable
10 be infested with canker worms the
trunks of the trees should now be pro-
tected either by patent projectors or
strips OF tarred canvas or paper tied
about the trees. If the females are pre-
vented from crawling up the trees and
depositing their eggs on the branches
much annoyance and loss will be saved.
The apple-tree borer, troublesome
insect IN some sections of the country,
should also be looked after. When the
borers have not been kept out of the
trees it will be well to examine each one
and destroy any Of the pests that may be
found. There. is no more effectual
method of destruction than the old one
of inserting the end of wire into their
burrow and killing them. The beetle is
striped brown and white and is about
three fourths of an inch long. 1t de-
posts its eggs in June in the bark of the
trees near the ground. Here the larva
is Matched and becomes the whitish grub
that saws its way into the tree and ac-
complishes so much mischief. The same
means are taken to guard against this
pest IS is practiced against the peach
grub, viz, placing mound of ashes or
gravel and coarse sand around the base
of the trunk in the spring and allowing
it to remain until after the season in
which the beetles deposit their eggs.
These mounds prevent them from reach
ing the soft bark at the surface of the
ground, the place usually selected.
Where the codling moth and its larva,
the apple worm, destroys much fruit,
the bark of the tree should be scraped
and cleaned in spring to insure against
any cocoons being left in the creyices.
While removing the loose bark of the
trunks of these trees is advised, it is not
recommended to roughly scrape the
trunks and branches, as is sometimes
done.
Trees that have not already been ex-
amined for tent caterpillars ought also
to receive attention. The clusters of
eggs deposited last season in rings on
the, branches should be destroyed, by
cutting off and burning the branches on
which they are found; otherwise, during
the latter part of May or first'of June,
they will be Matched out and begin their
work of devouring the leaves of the
trees. ,E GI #ts aN.tt stEBN
The peach-tree borer, a most destruc-
tive insect when allowed to increase in
apeach orchard, should be prevented
from multiplication by all possible
means. The eggs are deposited in sum-
mer, under the bark of the tree, either
in the stem or roof, or both, producing
ar effusion of gum. When trees are
already affected, the most efficacious
plan is to remove the earth from around
the collar of the root, clear away the
gum, destroy any cocoons that may be
found, trace the grub through its holes
in the tree and kill it; then fill up about
the tree with fresh earth and place a
shovelful or two of ashes around the
base. Ashes or Stacked lime applied
every spring and at the end of summer,
scattered about the tree, is beneficial.
Rutter, in his manual on the peach and
its diseases, suggests, wherever the larva
of the peach borer is removed by the
knife, that about one ounce of hard soap
be firmly rubbed around the base of the
tree, an inch or so beneath the surface,
and about the same quantity applied to
the place injured by the worm and in
the incision made by the knife, as the
soap assists in healing over the wound
and gives vigor to the tree. The potash
in this case, Rutter argues, has its di-
rect application to the sap circulation,
and will do more good to the tree than
will ashes sown broadcast on the
surface of the ground. Strong soap
suds is frequently used on limbs and
branches, instead of whitewash, to de-
stroy bark insects, aphides fungi, and
the like. A wash advised by Rutter for
the limbs and body of the peach tree is
composed of half peck of unslacked
lime, one quart of soft-soap, and enough
warm water to make it the consistence
of whitewash.
In plum orchards. whenever the plum
wart or black knot appears, the diseased
branch should be cut back to sound wood
and burned up. When the branches
cut back are large the wounds may be
covered over with grating wax.
Pear blight and yellOws in peaches
are two diseases that have long baffied
the most active and intelligent of pomol-
ogists, who, being in doubt as to the
UTlSIu Vi tiIc GiOuoiOS AoNO iLOS0A AOuUu
efficient preventives or remedies. The
usual plan has been with the yellows to
instantly destroy all trees exhibiting
symptoms of this disease. OF late some
of our foremost fruit-growers-a Prof.
Meehan, Mr.. John Rutter, Mr.. j. T.
Lovett snd Prof. T. j. BurrillEincline
to the belief that both the pear-blight
and yellows arise from the action of
parasitical iungi. Mr.. Lovett, in a pa
per read before the last meeting of the
New Jersey State Horticultural Society,
urged, as it is known that caustic lime,
potash and sulphur are destructive to
fungus. that experiments be made with
these substances. He proposed to use
sulphuric acid in various ways, with
the hope of arriving at something of
Ualue-E Y World