The Iowa plain dealer. [volume] (New Oregon, Howard County, Iowa) 1867-1895, 1881-01-06
II. n. rhurber In s,ribr,r.s M,,,,,. !

IT. ". III SsrtUftr M1mf1fy.i
In approaching the problem of tie relation,
Ut the railroads OF this country To the r,.p!.
u mtst, first OF all. liz borne ii. mind that
transportation on sea and land In. developed!
under radically different principles. The ocean
being free to nj, and open to any individual
who chooses to place hs ship thereon. vessel
could go wherever it, owner chose to send il .
the laws Of compel ton, ID OF supply and de-
mand, which have herotcfor. been fonnd no.
tent to protect the public interest. applied here.
IA IN other branchcs Of trade, and answered
their purposes fully. So universal wa tn. on.
tra'ion OF this law that II war relied upnn 10
govern the relations Of railroads to the public.
NIL only upon the larger DEVELOPMENT of tLi.
new means Of transportation has |, become eyi-
dent to ah--what had been furess.n i; 4 few g
that the conditions IL the two kinds OF COM
mtfea arc essentially different that ra;,rn.d
y 4 natural monopoly. and n.i,t l., treated i.
such. =
In 1874, thu Senate Of tbs United states. il,
Response 10 gecral demand, apo iited n
encciai committee on tran sportatio !. comtxs. 4
vi senators William Winioni, OF MINES ,ta
John Sheralan. of Ohio /: Roscoe Gpnkny. Of
New York; II. O. Davis, Of West Virginia i.
y. N0fwooi, If Georgia j. ". johnson .,f
AuEinia John II. Mitchell. Of Oregon. aui i.
y. lonOser. IT Florida. The camnaitt,,. n.c;,-
ped me entire summer of 1914 in making IA
exhaustive examination " Tho euhit..t. and Il,
Cher report We lind the following
In the matter Of ExSticn. there are To-day
sour men representing The fonr great trnni,
n po.ween .hica 90 and New York, who pos
eess, AMI not infrcqucntly exercise. power,
which the Congress OF the United States so;,ld
not venture To exert T.cv nav al .n, tns
IA Tor any reason aatisfac.nr. 10 tt,e,ns.lv.s
Dv single stroke Of the pen reduce the WIN,
OF property In this country bv hnl,ir.i. ~ NIL,
.ous ~ dolafe. AiadiitiOislc arge Of 5cent.
~. su a " INC transportation or cereals
Moild nave been equivalent 1, tax ~ xl5..
uVV.OOO on the crop OF 1873. NnCongrcss wnplj
usre " exercise 70 vast power except upon ]
necessity Of the most imperative uatnra. 81,
vet tue e gelt -n:ea exercise Il wie;,.r,r i s,,.
Their supreme Will and pleasure. without ~.
plaIation or spology. With the rapid am, -.
ss.sasis 70 rsss or combination rni con.,,,
aatioll, these colossal organizations are la,l,
neeoM NJ stronger and more imasr;sn,s tn.
nay ! no. distant, il il has not already arrived
Wneh i Will he the duty Of the statcsnar, /, In
lnire whether there il less danger in Ieayino
Tue property and industrial interests " Nh.
people Thus wholly at the mercy Of few men
"no I'snsniNe no responsibility hnt 10 tha,,
ss..snn,dsrr; AMI ny principle OF action hui
personal and corporate ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. t.,a,
70 adding somewhat 60 the power and patro,.ae.
uosei nnen; dipectly esponsi. j. til the i. :,
PIG auu .ntlreiy under thtir control - P.po.a
q NE tn.ied Mates Senos. Con,ni.e =,
transportation Roats. page iss.
IN the state Of New lork, Dissatisfaction ~.
fsnae Iaiiroad management has existed 70. i
Tered by tho producing I'D Other inter-. -.
from time y time been laid before iii. Ieci..
,atute, and Investigation OF the same J I'D
~. % many members were controlled IL IN,
1aaAeoads that Tor several wears even az ;ny..,;
s1u y VI Krievances-a thing Aich onyh. -
~ me common right Of every citizen was dc.
sa.u IaDnc sentiment regarding this question
aas 'seh constantly growing stronger. aud las,
year the Assembly appointed an ni,ls c,n,n,.,.''
OF nine remuneration 4. Ii. Hepburn. Chair.
man--Mhl,h occupied nearly nina n,onfhs :, : !.
investigation Of the subject II fm,nd ~.
pincirai charges falls proven, aud n. CON.
ulsn upon the state Of things then ,l.,a,er..a
Tue mistake vas in ,.oi prori.u,, prop,,
safeguards to protect the pnhh,. ;n,n-.iIt aov n
noM the railroads to strict ae.onntaI,,;s, -.
'aei, transactions. Thus through III. ia.i : 4,
ou iaNn. ani the want u Gov. rnn,en,al .an
tros tmeasarably excusahls, coasli.ring In. an.
i.issct u possibilities NJ railroad .levsann. ",
=. tns TINE OF the enactment of ths.e LAWS h,,,
a. .oassY Tue labe ia the light OF the .y1
-. Asis"itn subnttedl have cra.,t in those
fs,sfI
i"o.pltions as - sav.r OF si.t.on rather tbs,
sc.nal hissurs. report, mage i
Ut sas> inycktira ion dill no, finch ,na,, 80,
II !, Wy mo. ssiionS phases Of tits nua-.,nn n
tnc ~ 4sea' corrupt \. directly lc,ui:in. ~ I,
W ae.a1sHre from correct principles II ra,,
. . .sa.a, 2.melt ~ order IL arrive n ,
puopsT understanding III this ua...stf,n !, !,
nee ssars t. review iriciiy tie, i, :,r,e,, :.
sse.sh re pTosress of this greatest M. mia.
Il y sener,lly adni ted TIM, r.,t,,..,
pueac highways and commoa ,arr;a,s 80, ..'''
usas ali ssilnpers With equality unl.r III. =
sunstsness. aid with rela.;y. ,.,non,, ~. !.
- sni'sfanees differ. I'll. fnnc.;an !, "a -.
~, tut o.ins t-sant,ai's public il: ratnr. an,
-. I. ~ =, me mall shipper having I'M, !
s.r ah.,' Aasn .oiiieriiny the franchises ii,
sea ..ie foaus arc contracted nna a,
100 - tina of the large sumner ~ NJ
~ .ne citizen ON the highway her, com i, !,
1'i''s uie operation Ut the l.w Of .vhn,a. IL. 80,
MI an. NIL governs in piivat. transa.,;a,,.
Mhen the cal ia actually invextes, in H., :,
a.s.. I'm larry compensated. the res. uf th
sa,.,;as,;a.. ~ 'r'iing from the discover, az,
transportation should be cnioy.,l IL ~. -,
within tie meme ~ OF corl.tra.;,..,, p ,,.'
Hssa, ordinary Girt roads were fha nj, 80,
J" COMMUNICATION exccp: that f,rn..h.,l Il, -,
anesa were owned and Ii, II, 4,
w - 1ne nnhit'. The demand for ,n,nray,
' g nued IA trnl.ale ca.npan;.s. NH.
shsr-., ~ nv ths state and Above /
SnsIse 'as.s ID reimburse the ca,.i,sl 49,. =
these proved roads. Their .l,arsss haa
sNeI, were required to he publicly nast.a an
70 oe IN same 10 all. Next. the RIB -.
ihsented associations of in;lySn... sa,; =,
pIia,sl''Ses from the Stat, 10 constr,
VA on the some prime i.o nhc
nrn,.d ,n,,.',,a me construction OF III
X .,,., InAAe roads. Tn. first idea Is.
- - sIsua any "A zen to put his own yeh,., !,
.ns new non roads. but this vas fann, 4,
Ela.asaoic. ant tho corporations a..;n1. -
oAd became the sole carriers oytri. IT,. :, =
tnc nrst st.p toward q mono,o,v ar.,ai ~, =
80. sa.ne.cd many evils. At that time how
~. - ~. utuSer was not apparent th .,s,,,..
Was ra...,;. c.rler treating all shippers alil
elazed, and II was not INIT, In. M !,
rn'is INES of railroad wr, enn.ol,.,s,.., =.
ka. ssssems t.at the power of monnnaiy ,ss
.a1.n s.aou ana exercised. The evils. sans.;.
son came. hut the advantage. az fbe ~,
ous VIE 20 enormous, and so eayer w.. N
re o stcnra them. that tie evils /, ma =.
~. ~, -. tine nnno''cel. Among thu ,irs,
Law - sas q q iicti ions 4 tie Rallro,
.h..., :. most % The States WAS basel mon Il,
tneofy fs,as the capita, hives - II ,las, :. =
."s,s ~ss entitled TO fair ,eturn-anI n
pa..c Wa en- tied tn all ;h. rest If fhe adv :,
sSes. was something like the nr;nc;,,,a .
, . law. which insurrs to tss nnl.li. n
os.snt OF all Inventions after IN. = hax. weld.
s :. returns to the inv.n.or. In on. sem,
sas patfnership-tle Sta q. WHICH i !,
a.ursi osncr Or all hia hvavs. contri min, !,
ran ms !, While the associa in. !. ind vida
- rpo sfe caracisv constructed The rna.i
~ me SKATE oi New YORK II VAS am ,a,..i I'M
H.seI ! sr charges for trans ,o,fatioa ,,.,l,
naoTe HAN 10 Ter ,eat. Mt upon fhe go;
as attributed fer TN. const net ,,n ,
. uese roads. then the Legislature m,sht redn,
saa1se Ter transportation 10 a n,int Whit
Will MOI Weld more than this or, in OH
sols. taat, after capital had iean Tins con
peusstsd. tie public should come in fer j
s.iaIc o the profits IT the partnership. i'm Il
m srapc OF Faduced charges for TRANSPORT i:n
mus nus q was made 4 primary principle In
ensTses should b. based nron cost al serve
hpv this principle has been ~yad.d
s,oea-.aser-ns. by Construction companies !,
ntnef devi"sr. II well known. bnt until recon.
sas nj 20 Vel kno N that ra,lrold on.
sSers lad formulated new principle mo-
which 70 base charges, viz: .ahst the trai,
VIII near. AMI tina, IN the appl cation Of q
principle sonfe OF the most Important evils
our fansporta ion system have developed.
Inc following. from the G,uphie. iliu ira.
Ia Ia wrsns q the new principle on til. r