Mower County transcript. [volume] (Lansing, Minn.) 1868-1915, 1881-11-30
PHYSIOLOGY,

1.-THE following exami nation paper, IN
physiology, is the work Of Miss Jennie
Short, in Austin high school, and is pub.
lished as one Of the best papers of the
class.-ED.
QUESTIONS.
the practical value of the study of Phys
iology! Reasons why.
3. Name the uses of the bones and il.
lustrate each use.
T. What is the difference between a
dislocation and sprAin!
8. What 10 rheumatism!
6. Name and describe the glands of
the skin.
7. Name and describe the organs of
resp iration.
8. What is a cold and its treatment
9. What are the uses of reflex action ?
10. Name the parts of the eye, of the
ear. Draw pictures illustrating each.
II. Describe the process in the trans
formation of morsel of food into brain
tissue. "The eleventh question coust itu.
ted one half of the examination. The pa.
per was marked 95"
ANSWERS.
and @ A practical knowledge of
physiology enables the possessor to take
better care Of his health, fits him for the
care of the sick, and sometimes enables
him to save a life in case OF accident,
because physiology teaches the proper
care to be taken Of the body, and lives
are often shortened tor want OF proper
care.
8. The bones have three uses: FIRST,
to serve as levers on which the muscles
act; second, to give shape to the body !;
and third, to protect the delicate organs
An example of the first use is the scapu-
Ia or shoulder blade, which gives play to
the muscles of the arm and shoulder. Elk
amples of the second and third uses are
the ribs. which give shape to the body
and also protect the delicate organs.
4. A sprain is wrenching or strain
ing of the tendons that bind the bones,
" hlle disloc alton is q bone out of its
socket
S. There are two kinds of rheuma.
tism, chronic and inflammatory. The
chronic is an outgrowth of the inflamma-
tory. rheumatism is 4 disease of the
blood, generally affecting the joints of the
body.
6. There are two glands of the skin.
The perspiratory, which are small tubes
ene.four,h of an inch long, that lay curl.
ed up under the cults. They are most
numerous In the palm of the hand where
there are $500 to the square inch. Where
they are fewest in the body there are 400
TO the square inch. When we are heated,
these glands give out a great deal more
perspira:iOn, which c0ndeuses and forms
owAof Tho ni1 n1onHo aro o.
at the root of every hair, IN the cults.
They oil the skin and keep it smooth.
Z. The organs of respiration are the
larynx, trachea. lungs and diaphram. The
laryDx is a small triangular box, situated
at the top of the trachea. There is COW
er to this box, called the epiglottis. The
opening into the larynx is called the glot-
It's. Across the top of the larynx are the
vocal cords which, by vibrating, produce,
voice. The trachea is long tube lead
Ing into the lungs. Its very rough and
is composed of C-shapsd carriages. 1t
separates at The lower end into the right
and left bronchi, and these subdivide into
the right and left bronchial tubes. The
lungs are composed of millions of small
cells situated along these tubes. In these
cells of the lungs, the blood is purified. The
diaphram is stout muscular layer sepafat-
Ing the organs Of respiration from the or.
gaos of digestion. The diaphram acts
involuntarlly and produces breathing.
8. A cold is stoppage of the perspi-
ratory glands. The waste matter of the
system that is thrown off by this source,
is kept In. The way to cure q cold Is to
bring. by some means, the blood to the
surface.
8. The use Of reflex action is, to avoid
troubling the brain with all the de.
tails necessary to keep US alive. If our
brain we're called upon to keep all the or.
E ans working and to attend to
all the muscles in walking, it would take
1t all the time to keep our bodies alive,
and we would never be able TO take our at
tention from these duties.
10. Eye-Optic nerve, rhetina, schiller.
otto, ch0riod, crystalline lens, cornea.
Ear-Exterior ear, middle ear, internal
ear, eustachian canal, hammer, anvil, an.
te room, cochlea. We are obliged TO
omit the explanatory sketches, as we have
no convenient means of reproducing
them.-ED.l
II. Description of a morsel
of food changed into brain tissue.
Tie food is taken by the hands
and placed in the mouth. Here
1t 10 chewsd by the teeth. While IL 10
dergoes this process, 1t Is also mixed
with the saliva, thin, colorless, fr0tby.
slightly alkaline liquid. The salivals Sc
cre;ed by three pSirs Of sallvsry glands
and the mucous membrane Of the mouth.
The salivsry glands are the parotid, sit.
uated under the ears, the submaxillary,
situated under the jaws and the sublia.
quail, which ara situated under the
tongue. The saliva contains principal
called Dtvalin. which chanQes starch in.