, 1881-01-23
The Railway Monarch's Rule Is
Founded on More than 3
Divine Right.
People Can Overthrow Simple Kings,
but They Cannot Resist
Central Pacific.
ks It Is with Central Pacific, 50 He
Judges It Must Be with Other
Roads,
LELAND stanford's Low Opinion Of Judge
Black, Denis Kearney, and Other
Communists.

Communists.
Thu "aranger Decisions" Also Ttry Disgusting t
| an Iutotrat of lasts and Culture.
| SAN FRANCISCO Cal, Jan. 22.-Lelant
| Stanford. President OF the Central Paclf
Railroad Company, this morning, in three
column article, answers the questions pro
| pounded by the New York Board of Trade
Committee on Fares and Freights, and alst
Judge Blacks opinion. He starts out with
the proposition that the Declaration Of indie
pendence clearly enunciates the principle
that governments are instituted to secure tt
the people their life, liberty, and pursuit ol
happiness He continues that tariffs and the
supervision OF commerce and trade originated
in barbarous age, and sprung from robbery
and rapine. II the question of railroad con
troll were threatened purely from legal
standpoint, he would have nothing to say,
because it is stare dectsts.
THE ESSENCE OF OWNERSHIP Is CONTROL
and the value Of proHe Herty consists in profits
derived. He refers to the decision Of the
Granger cases." and says there was vlo-
lent assumption of fact to sustain the ground
taken that the right of a Legislature to con-
trol the use and benefits OF the property of
private individuals In connection with their
own personal services was to be determined
by the nature Of tha business or the number
OF people with whom it Is transacted. It
does not follow that q Wareh0useman does
business with large number Of people. One
man might tax his entire capacity. There is.
therefore. no limit to Courts power over
individuals, aEd such decision contravenes
the fundamental principles Of government.
Mr. Stanford, therefore, asserts that the
Granger decisions are
FLAGIAST VIOLATIONS or THE PRINCIPLES
OF A FREE GOVERNMENT.
It was never intended that this should be
paternal Government Mr.. Stanford then
treats the subject In its politico-economic
aspects, and denies TINT railroads are public
highways and common carriers. deriving
their franchise and existence from the public.
Corporations are formed by individuals; the
stockholders contributeto to the prosperity, and.
the State no more creates it than 1t creates
joint partnerships. He asserts that it has
never been the practice of railroad companies
with which he is connected to discriminate
in rates in favor Of or against any localities
or persons. They only consider their treas
ury; they sometimes are obliged to carry
freight for less money long distance thnn
shorter, and do so because 1t ispetter to make
4 small profit than none. This is the universal
business principle. The Central Paci-
tic Company also has
SOME REGARD FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
THE COUNTRY,
and is governed somewhat BY climatic diff
fculttes encountered i'll transportation.
However, railroad rates have been steadily
reduced, until they are nvw below what even
theNew York Committee would have thought
possible. The higher the maximum rate, the
lower is the possible minimum. Given q
certain amount to be earned, anu q reduction
Of the maximum necessarily increases the
minimum. Great efforts are made to reduce
the rates, which, it successful, would inure
to the benefit, not Of the laboring men, but to
business men almost solely; IT would benefit |
the producer, not the consumer. He has |
no objection to Commissioner to inquire !
into the questions OF justice between ear
rier and patron, but does object to Commits |
sione1s to exercise control over the property !
If others.
Afr. Stanford declares that he WAS not |
aware that competition is mainly supplanted |
~ pO0lluE arrangements.
POOLING
.eaches only the through business Of I; few
.oads. There Is no justice in limiting ear11-
ngs. It is the concern Of the companies
and nobody's business whether
;apital isincreasetfor not.
As to the railroads contributing large sums
O control elections, that is neither better nor
worse than for private individuals to do the
anne. If railroads do 1t, 1t is because ag-
,ression and self-defense forces them to it.
f roads are left untrammeled, there will be
no cause to ask, as the New York Commit
co do, If the power Of the roads do not ell
ourase Communism and an antagonism OF
apital and labor. Communism comes not
rom people seeking to control their own
but from those who wish to con-
rol and regulate the property Of others and
he labor OF others. What the Committee
Gems to propose Is
Coat3luN1sM AND KEARNEYIsM ITSELF.
He discusses legislative control OF rail-
oads at length. and outlines the difficulties
hat would be encountered as to mileage,
Innate, cost character Of country, people.
lass Of goods moved, distance, etc, and
ays such legislative control would be less
nst than the rates Of the companies them
elves. He concludes with the assertion that
10 control Of the railroads should vest with
be- owners unless outright purchase is made
y the State.
Alr. Stanford then more briefly answers
udge Blacks argument. He says the difficult
es Of regulation upon the ground that the
constitution gives the United States power to
egulate commerce among States are
PRACTICALLY EXTRAORDINARILY,
) barriers would be erected to commerce
etween individuals living in different States
lat would not exist between individuals
wing in the same State. AS to the Govern
tent loan to the Central Pacific, every dol
It loaned BY the Government went into the
obstruction, with much larger sum from
ther resources OF the Company. The cost 5
{ grading the first $50 miles OF the road I
ON Sacramento eastward was more than
Efficient to grade single track from the
ocky Mountains to the Hudson River. He
asserts, finally, that any reduction goes to $
Le benefit OF the comparatively wealthy,
ho are 1niddlemen between the producer
ID consumer. .. " r.
THE BACKUS SUICIDE.
artfcu1ars Regarding the Sad Affair.
f,f>~ ~. f.bt.