davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
The Fan of the Leaf.

It Is a curious phenomenon. this annual
fall Of al the leaves from almost all the
trees in northern climates; and yet use has
so dulled as 70 its strangeness that we sci
dom even think about It's origin or meaning
In any way. Indeed. until certain late IN
yestigatioDs Of the tertiary foras BY NJ.
Saporta, Mr.. Starkie Gardiner, and others,
il IS doubtful whether anybody had ever
ssked himself any questions upon the sub
ject at all But these investigations have
shown pretty clearly that decpiuous trees
are quite modern novelty upon our planet.
things Of the last twenty or thirty millenia
or 50. entirely due to the immense cooling
Of the earth 5 surface which began in the
early tertiary period and eliminated in the
great glacial epoch. They are special
product Of hard tunes a tie Pole, ike the
white bears. the woody rhinoeenes, the
mammoth and the snow-buntings In the
tropics ali the trees are evergreen, or at
least suffer no regular periodical loss Of
their foliage; but in the north We have few
native evergreens except the pines and fir,
with their needle-like leaves; and the two or
three hardy, broad-leaved exotic ever-grees
cultivated in our gardens or shrubberies, such
a. the rhododendrons, the laurels, and the
bay trees, together with cur own smaller
holly, box and privet, hardly suffice 10 con
yey notion Of the great southern forest
trees, clad all the year round in thick
green, such as the maHgoes, the star apples
and the sand boxes Up to the beginning
Of the tertiary period, however, large ey-
ergreens Of what is now the tropical type
covered the whole Of the world, as far as
the very Poles themselves. Greenland
and Spitzbergen then supported huge for
ests Of the same general character as those
which now spread over Brazil and the Ma
lay Archipelago But from the first dawn
of the eooene onward some combination Of
ASTRONOMICAL and geographical causes, such
as those suggested BY DR. CFoll and MIR.
A. r. Wallace. began TO produce q general
chilling Of the temperature at either Pole.
Perhaps the effect was wholly due, as Or.
Croll believes, to the eecentricity Of the
earth's orbit and the procession of the equi-
noxes; perhaps it was further aided, as Mr..
Wallace suggests, BY the elevation Of great
mountain ranges about the polar regions,
which became nurseries for immense GA
ciers, and 50 supplemented the natural
chilling due to the eosnieal cycles. At
any rate, whatever theory We may adopt
for its explanation, the fact itself remains
certain that from the eocene age up to the
glacial epoch the climate Of the earth grew
steadily colder, the change being of course
most marked at either Pole, and least no
tieeable IN the equatorial distriet-F'aR
Nall Gazefte
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
Ghe 6armer.
Management of Winter Pastures.

The main secret in securing winter pas
ture consists in keeping stock away from
the ground from the middle of April till
the frost in the fall puts a stop to the
the growth of the grass. Land that is pas
tured for even short time during the
summer cannot be relied upon to afford
sufficient and suitable food for stock during
winter The grass should be allowed to
mature seed stalks, and the leaves that APP
pear in the early part of the season. If
these are left undisturbed they viii become
partially dry, fall over and protect the foil
age that appears later in the season. Let
ting stock in during times when the grass
is short in the pastures intended for sum-
mer use results in destroying the protection
that is necessary for the more tender foil
age. There is nothing that equals blue
grass for winter pasturage. Itgrows thick,
and wherfz6nce well established on soil,
possesses great vitality. Timothy and red
clover. the most fashionable of all our for
age crops, and the ones most generally cul-
tivated, are entirely unsuited for winter
pasturage. They grow quickly, mature
lcIAC SltltkS anu NOlSluGAdtiC sSCN. bue a
comparatively small amount of foliage,
which loses its value if it is exposed to the
changes of the weather Orchard grass,
though excellent for summer pasturage, is
very poor for pasturage during the winter.
The stalks are too tail and the leaves not
sufficiently fine to pack close together.
The coarse grass that grows naturally on
the prairies is Objectionable on the latter
account, Red-top is the best substitute
for blue grass Of any of the more common
grass. OF course, winter pastures are of
no value in portions of the country where
the ground is covered with snow for four
or FIVE months, and they are of compare
lively little value in most of the extreme
Southern States The best winter pastures
in the States are found between the thirty
fifth and forty-second degrees of north hat
itude. Some believe there is no economy
in winter pastures now that grass can be
cut and put in stack or NOV BY the aid of
machinery fCs a dollar per ton, and in some
places for a less sum. But the best stock
men in this State think otherwise. They
say that mixture of green and dry feed
ike that afforded by winter pasture Of
bluegrass that has not been disturbed dur
ing the summer months is the best for
stock The saving of labor effected by
having winter pasture for cattle Is very
considerable 1t not only saves cutting,
curing and stacking the grass, but saves
the trouble of feeding i out to the stock
Col, Gillette, Of logan county, states that
he considers the product Of his land de-
voted to winter pasture of equal value for
stock feeding purposes to that of the corn
raised on the same number of acres He
keeps stock away from his winter pastures
during the summer as he does from fields
devoted to corn and small grains.- Ckica-
90 Times.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
The children's Magazine of America.
ST. NICHOLAS.

TTlhs illustrated magazine for yoaag foEks has noG
i attained circulation lasser, probably. than
has been called "a marvel 81 nerfetiop hoih as ra
CARDS its literary excellence and its art iste mert
4 was the first % give to boys and girls the very best
illustrations that could be had and has earned the
name of The Children's Art Magazine
The greatest living writers Of Europe and America
Dudley Warner, Henry W. Iongfellow. John G.
Whittier. II. H. Boyeson, SAKE Holm, Bret Harte,
Gail Hamilton. Thomas Hughes, Louisa N. Aleott,
Donald G. Mitchell. Harriet Prescott Spoford Eliz-
abeth Stuart Phelps George Macdonald, Washington
GLADDEN., the Goodale Sisters Alfred Tennyson, John
Hay. Clarence Cook, RoSster johnson, Susan Cool
idge, Edward Eggleston, Prof r. A. Proctor. Chris
tina g. Rossetti. Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney, Frances
Hodgson Burnett, Celia Thaxter, Marion Harlana.
7. W. Higginson, Lucy Lareom. Noah Brooks, Au-
thor Of Alice in Wonderland Mrs 0liphant. T. B,
Aldrich, and hundreds of others.
WHAT ENGLAND SAYS OF IT:
London Daily News Ave wish we could point
out its equal in our own periodical literature,
The SPECTATOR 1t is the best of all childrenS
Literary World There is no magazine for the
young that can be said to equal it, etc, etc.
BRILLIANT FEATURES OF THE COMING YEAR;
The ninth volume which begins with the Nove9-
Der. 1881 number, viii contain new serial story.
author of@Hans Rrinker or the silver Skates ETC.,
THE Hoosier School Boy by Edward Eggleston'
author OF The HooSier School master, etc. sin.
Should Learn Music by Richard Wagner the emf
nent composer. Two other Serials one dealing with
campaign life ~ the late war, and the other with
girl and boy life in the 18th Century. Plays for
Home and School, Embroidery for Girls. Amateur
Newspapers, illustrated Practical and Descriptive
Papers, Articles Sports and the Treasure-bo OF
Literature viii be among the features of this great
An immense edition win be printed of the Christ.
mas Number which win be ready about Decelnber1.
Price, $500 year; p cents a number. Hubscrip-
tons taken and magazines sold by booksellers and
news-dealers everywhere, or the publish
nov Union Square, New York
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
TTNae Farmers and Planters
1--WE STOCK
MUTUAL AID ASSOCIATION,
ar CARROLL COUNT. ND

Incorporated Mas oh. 1881.
OFFICERS.
SAMUEL ROOP. ..........,. .......-... President
THEODORE =. ENGLAR. Nier President
CHAs. n. BAUGHMAN........--.,. Secretary.
CHARLES SCHAEFFER. .......... Treasurer,
r. +. tiO4 thornley,
THuS. ZEPP and J. A. MACINTOSH,
Agents Tor Carroll Coanty.
The Association - paFely mutual no
stockholders 90 absorb profits l. furnishes
q plan 1t Insurance GA stock AZ very
slighs expense. aud j. suTthy Of careful con.
.idcration. 81 i, not oRiy indemnihe- owners
for loss from hre, bat also from disease or sc
cideat It. Affalrs arr managed IN the inter
81 Of IT, members hy practical business meh-
II convenient call at Office or send for circular,
which gives rates, plans, management. ex-
t,snse. &c. Of becoming a member.
Address,
CHAS H. RAUGHMAN, Scc'y.,
may 1s-Gm Westminster, Md.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
Wheat Rust.

IF one looks closely to the stubble in a
wheat field, he win find it covered with
what might, at first sight, pass for weather
stains. These lines on the stubbles are
made up of spores of the rlst-plant, which
remain there through the winter, and start
into growth the coming spring The spores
in fungi serve the same purpose that seeds
do in the higher plants These brown
spores germinate and produce form Of
fungus on the leaves of the bar-berry bush
es, called @cluster-cups,n because they APP
pear as small cups, and are grouped in
clusters, usually upon the under side of the
leaf. The cups on the barberry leaves are
full Of small spores, which are carried by
the wind to the wheat plants, where they
grow and produce the oraage-colored
streaks (rust) upon the leaves and stalks.
After the yellow rust has passed away, the
dark form of spores come, and the circle of
life of the plant is complete. A word as
to the damage which the rust does to the
grain upon which it grows, and the way in
which it is done. The fine threads of the
rust plant run through the substance of
the leaves and stems of the wheat plant,
and take up the juices in much the same
way that the roots of an ordinary plant run
through the soil and take up its food solu-
TONS The fine threads may be looked
upon as the roots Of the fungus, the only
ones it has, and they collect its food The
food goes to form vast number of small
orange-coIored spores upon the ruptured
surfaces of the stems and leaves. The
matter which the wheat plant has gathered
from earth and air, and would have used
in making good, plump grain, goes into the
fungus spores, and the rust-struck plant
produces only shrivelled grain, and a poor
quality Of straw-AnericaH Miller.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
THE SUN FOR 1882.

Next year THE sun will make its fifteenth an
nual revolution under its present management
shining as always, for ALL big and little. mean and
gracious, contented and unhappy, Republican and
Democrat depraved and virtuous, intelligent and
obtuse TheSUNs light is for mankind and woman
kind of every Sort but its genial warmth is for the
good while il pours hot discomfort the blistering
backs of the persistently wicked.
1t discarded many of the forms and multitude of
the superfuous words and phrases of ancient jour
nalism. 1t undertook to report in fresh, succinct
unconventional way all the news of the world, omit
ting no event of human interest, and commenting
upon affairs with the fearlessness of absolute indie
pendence. The success of this experiment was the
success of The Sun. Ii effected permanent change
in the style of American newspapers Every i'm
portant journal established in this country IN the
dozen years past has been modelled after The Sun.
Every important journal already existing has beeu
modified and betered by the force of The suns ex-
ample.
The Sun for 1882 will be the same outspoken,
truth telling and interesting newspaper.
By liberal use of the means which an abundant
prosperity affords, shall make ii better than ever
before We shall print all the news putting IL into
readable shape, and measuring its importance, not
by the traditional yardsck but by its real interest
to the people. Distance from Printing House square
is not the first consideration with The Sun. When
ever anything happens worth reporting We get the
particulars, whether it happens in Brooklyn or In
Bokhara
In politics We have decided opinions; and we are
accustomed to express them in language that can
be understood. We say what We think about men
and events. That habit is the only secret of The
The weekly edition of The Sun gathers into eight
pages the best matter of the daily issues An
Agricultural Department of unequalled merit, full
market reports and liberal proportion of literary
scien thc and domestic intelligence complete The
WEEKLY Sun, and make IL the best newspaper for
the farmers household that was ever printed
Who does not know and read and like The sun
DAY Sun, each number of which is a GOlconda Of
interesting literature, with the best poetry of the
day. prose every line worth reading. news humor-
matter enough TO fill good-sEed book and infinite
ly more varied and entertaining than any book big
or little.
Ii our idea of what newspaper should be pleases
you. send for The sun
Our terms are as follows:
For the daily sun, four page sheet of twenty
eight columns, the price by mail post paid. is IS
cents month. or $3.50 year; including the sun
day paper eight-page sheet of ifty-six columns.
the price is 6 cents month, $40 year, postage
paid.
The Sunday edition of The Sun Is also furnished
separately al 81 - year postage paid.
The price of the Weekly Sun eight pages, ffty-six
columns is 81 a year. postage paid For clubs OF
ten sending $40 we will send an extra copy free.
Address. /. W. ENGLAND.
nov I2-ct Publisher Of the sUS, New York City,
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
Years Years.

Annual dues are S1.00 per thousand insur-
ance.
The advantages of this Society over all other
mutual companies are:
l. Ii secures to its members life insurance
at 4 smaller outlay than any other association
doing business at the present day.
, The life endowment secures insurance al
ordinary life rates. with the advantages that
if the insured shall live to an old age, it shall
then become a matured endowment. and con
sequently payable.
3. 1t is the simplest, the cheapest, and yet
the safest, more eminently just and applicable
to oil classes than any contract Of insurance
ever before offered TO the public.
l. The Society is purely mutual, thus at
fording insurance at actual cost
JAMES BLIZZARD.
OF Westminster, Agent for Carroll Co, Nd.
RAJ Local Agents wanted in every district.
aug
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19

Two trains leave HIlien Station, Baltimore for
Glyndon, {Reisterstownl at 0S and IS P. NJ.
SUNDAY TRAINS
Going East will leave Union Bridge for Baltimore
and intermediate Stations al 6.10 m. 42 p. and
Westminster at SIS and sos p. m. Going West
will leave Baltimore for Union Bridge and inter-
mediate Stations AZ g. a. M and 200 p m and West
minister at l045 a n and SAG p. m.
EMMITTSBURG RAILROAD.
Trains South will leave Emmittsburg at so a. m
and $50 p. m, arriving AZ Rocky Ridge at 20 a. m
and 400 p. m. Trains North will leave Rocky Ridge
at l0o3 a m. and 81 p. M arriving at EmmiitsbnTg
i0.S0a g. m, and $50 p. m.
BALTIMORE AND CUMBERLAND VALLEY r. r.
Trains East leave Shtppensburg. Pa. SIS a. m. and
and I'D and $40 2. M ChambeBburg 10 g. m.
lS5 and $50 p. m. Naynesbor0 S11 a. m. IS and
6,3s p. m, arriving at Edgemout 81 A. n- and $50
aud 65S p. m Trains West leave Edgemont g. As and
lilo a. m. and lis p. m, Waynesboro TO and II 81
a. m sDd 40 p. m Chamberxburg 755 a m and
Il Is and q u M, arriving at Shippensbur,y Ss5 a.
m. and 1850 and 900 D. m.
Through ear for Frederick leaves Baltimore At 400
D. N and leaves Frederick for Baltimore At SIS a.
m. Through cars for Hanover and Gettysburg and
points on the II. j. H. 4 g. R. r. leave Baltimore
at ss5 a. m. and 1 IS p. m
Orders for Baggage calls can be len ~ Ticket
Oaiee. N. Z corner Baltimore and North Streets
Baltimore time given at all stations.
As-Sote Opening Of B. and c. V. r. r. 70 Ship
JM.HoOD. Gen1 Manager
oct % D. II. GRSw0LD, Gen1 Ticket AGENT.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
DENTAL NOTICE.

DIR. GEO. S. FOUKE, Dentist, offers his
services at his Office.
Westminster-every Monday, Tuesday and
Saturday.
Emmittsburg-Fourth Wednesday After
noon till Thursday Afternoon.
Mechaniestown-Fourth Thursday After
noon and Friday.
Rocky Ridge-First Wednesday Afternoon.
Double Pipe Creek-First Thursday
Middleburg- Friday.
Uniontown-SecondW Wednesday Afternoon.
Taneytown-Second Thursday Afternoon
and Friday.
Union Bridge-Third Wednesday Afternoon
and Thursday Forenoon.
New Windsor-Third Thursday Afternoon
and Friday Forenoon. feb %.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19

A. K. sYEsTER. JAS A. c. BOND.
GYESTER & BOND
~ Have associated themselves in the prae-
tice of Law in Carroll county and the several
Courts Of this State.
Mr.. Syes,er viii visit Westminster when
business requires il.
Ofice on Main opposite Court street.
an Is
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
New Book of "Iren@usn Letters,
ct. Johns Parochial School,
WESTMINSTER, ND.
Enr nrnApmASEnrm

CLASSICS and MATHEMATICS taught.
PARTICULAR attention paid to English
Composition. Terms per quarter of 10 weeks,
from 50 to SIS, according to the studies pur-
sued. F. A. McGIRR, A. NJ,
oct IL Principal,
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19

Obtained and all business in the I. S. Pat
ent Office, or in the Courts, attended to for
Moderate Fees.
We are opposite the L. 5. Patent Office,
engaged in Patent Business Exclusively, and
can obtain patents in less time than those re-
mote from Washington.
When model or drawing is sent we advise
as to patentabilitv free of charge; and we
make no charge unless we obtain Patent.
We refer, here, to the Post Master, the
Supt. of the Money Order Div, and to officials
of the U, S. Patent 0ffie. For circular, ad-
vice. terms. and reference to actual clients in
your own State, or County, address
c, A. SNOW 4 CO.,
Opposite Patent Office, Washington, ID. c.
oct l.tf
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
nR. M. L. ,BOTT,
IL ALLOPATHIC PHYSICIAN

u ALLOPATHIC PHYSICIAN
AND SURGEON,
Graduate of the Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia, having permanently located in
Westminster, offers his professional services
to the public.
Office on Main Street doors west of Mon
tour House.
Consultation in English and German.
NAV l4-6m
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
AND DRAWING.

Pupils desired in Drawing, also Oil and
China Painting. China Painting done TO or,
der MISS MARY c. SMITH,
Reetory of Ascension Church,
oct off Westminster, Nd
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
COACHES, CARRIAGES,
BUGGIEs, JAEGER wAGoNsil
PHAETONS. DC.

Special attention given TO Repairing. All
orders promptly filled and work of every kind
warranted.
RB Factory opposite The Montour House,
Main street. Westminster. Nd.
aug 8 "
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
CENTRAL HOTEL.
MAIN STREET, NEAR DEPOT,
F. II. BANKARD, PROPRIETOR.

House recently re6tted and refurnished.
The tables always supplied with the best
Injuries in the market, and the bar stocked
with the choicest liquors, wines, ale, beer,
cigars, &c. Board by the day or week to suit
the the times,
Charges moderate. Ample stabling attached.
mar 6 19S0-tf
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
wAMPLER 4 sHAEFFER.
e
THE MARYLAND DIRECTORY.

This book contains the names andPost-
Office address Of Farmers, Merchants and
others in all the counties, and circulates
in every town and village in the State. The
revised third edition, now in course of prepa-
ration, the publishers viii endeavor to make
more correct and complete than former issues
have been. They will be pleased to receive
orders for subscriptions and advertisements.
Call on or address,
j. FRANK LEWIS & Co.,
Tsp. o. Avenue, Baltimore, Md.
sep I0-td 81
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
incorporated 1858.

The 29th Semi Annual Session Of this in.
s.itution of Learning began September 9Th,
1881. The special attention of those resid-
ng in or near Westminster is called TO the
advantages Of having such College % con.
venient to them. Young persons Of either
sex can here receive Thorough EfHcatioa
without losing the privileges Of home rcsi.
denee The Preparatory Department affords
a fnll course for the ordinary business Of
life, and by the purchase Of Soola-sAip ne
full Collegiate Coarse can be had at about the
same how rates charged in the Preparatory
Department.
For further inforsaaiion see or address the
President,
1T. WARD. D. D.,
a: his residence. or any Of the Professors at
their residences or at the College.
1t IS important that student. enter at the
beginning Of the session, or as soon thereafter
as practicable. nos 10
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
THE SEVEN VALLEY MUTUAL
Il ASSOCIATION,
OF SEVEN T-4LLEY, PENN4.
Home Office, Seven Valley, York county, Pa.

OFFICERS.
JoHN X. ZEIGLER, President.
J. c. DEvENEY, Vice President
JoHX NJ. HENRY, Secretary.
n. GLADFELTER, Treasurer.
]. ALLEN GLADFEITER. NJ. D., Med EX.
d. NJ. HENRY, General Agent
Nine dollars will secure a policy for $1,000
between the ages of So and So years, inclu-
sive, on condition that the insured pay NOR
tality assessments graded according to age at
entrance as per following table per 1000
members for 81 900 insurance.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19

Water is much better deodorized than
is generally supposed 1t has great absorb
ingcapacity. Fresh water running through
a milk -room keeps it free from odors.
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
MAKE MONEY
BY saving your
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES!
THOS II. ROUTSON

THOS II. ROTTSON
HAS in full blast two American Evapora-
III tors, making Dried Fruits and Yegeta-
bles that cannot be surpassed. Peaches,
Apples and Sweet Corn, a speciality. For
Sale, Wholesale and Retail Agent for
Evaporating Machinery. Cali and see them
in operation at UniontOwn, Nd.
aug 20-3m
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
cHAs BILLINGsLEA. DDS. GEO. E. BAuGHNAS. DID S.
DILLINGsLEA g. BAUGHMAN,
DENTISTS.
O6fce One Door West Of the Union National
viii visit the following places:

viii visit the following places:
Union Bridge.-1st Wednesday and Friday
following of each month.
NeIc WiRdsor.-2d Wednesday and Friday
following of each month.
J-nioHtorn.-Srd Wednesday and Friday
following Of each month.
TaaeytotcH. last Wednesday and Fri
day following Of each month.
One of the firm can always he found in the
Office. nov 12-tf
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
CHAs. T. REIsNIDER. CHARLES E. FINK.
T Aw Co-PARTNERsHIP

The undersigned have this day formed
co partnership for the practice of Law in
the several courts of this State under the firm
name of Reifsnider & Fink. All business en-
ton. Office-Main street, adjoining the res
idence of Chas T. Reifsnider
CHAS. T. REIFSNIDER,
CHARLES E. FINK.
Westminster, Nd, Oct 20, 1881. oc22
The Democratic advocate. [volume] (Westminster, Md.) 1865-1972, 1881-11-19
ID B. NoRMENT,

Ii. ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office with Hon Charles b. Roberts, opposite
the Court House, respectfully informs the
citizens Of Carroll and adjoining counties that
he viii give prompt attention 10 all business
intrusted to him. both before the Courts OF
this State and the Departments Of the Gen.
eral Government at Washington, d. c.
jan 4, 1878.