davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24
Chewing Gun.

1
We have II upon common report tha
chewing gum is q substance well-known
TO the youthful part OF the community.
The qualities which it possesses at the
time that IL comes from the confectioner
are all familiar TO the youngest OF US.
1t certainly seems n very attractive edi-
BILE. The reason for this Is not 30 hard
to find. Think how much eating there
is in 1t In proportion to actual weight
and cash value. But there is more in
| chewing gum then is dreamed of in
juvenile philosophy. One can easily
comprehend the main ingredients of
candy, but who, without being told,
would suspect that chewing gum is often
only refined product of petroleum.
The time was when the
fragrant spruce furnished the
most common material purpose. But
this is no longer the case. The reader,
familiar with the processes of refining
coal, is aware that the thick, brown
liquid which comes from the earth, at
one stage of its manufacture, Is strained
through heavy linen cloths. The residu-
um left after this operation is dirty,
brownish yellow wax that smells abom-
inably. That unpromising substance,
melted, bleached, deodorized and pre-
pared for com merce, appears In masses
that weigh about one hundred pounds,
resembling oblong blocks OF clouded
ice. 1t has no odor and no taste except
what belongs TO any wax in its purest
state. 1t may be used for many pur-
poses which it is not necessary to de-
scribe now. The manufacturer of chew
ing gum purchases these blocks ready
made TO his hand, and at once melts
them down. To two hundred pounds
OF wax he adds about thirty pounds OF
sugar, and gives the mixture a flavor by
the use OF some essential oil. as lemon Oh
vanilla, and perhaps adds some color
ing matter. The melted mass is poured
out upon a clean marble slab and cut
into the various shapes known to
chewers.
The youthful epicure rarely becomes 10
luxurious rs TO demand Dalsam OF tou
but, II he does, the manufacturer is
ready for him. This resin, which Is
obtained from South America, is at first
in an almost fluid condition. 1t is the
product of tree known as-now hold
your aw, for the name is worse than n
whole box OF chewing gum-myrasper
mum toluferum. This balsam is boiled
by the manufacturer until finally 1t is
brought to such n consistency that it
can be run through rollers. It comes
out in the shape Of little slender rod
of a brownish-yeIiow color. which is
cut into pieces, each about two or TWO
and n half inches long. The balsam
may sometimes be mixed with n less
costly wax, since its flavor is very
marked.
The balsam from the "chicle' tree,
from Central America, is used in making
what is known as swapping gum. 1t is
very ductile when worked and moisten
ed. and the proc, So OF making il similar
to that of pulling taffy. The original
gum exudes from the tree and forms in
mass sometimes several pounds in
weight. Even in this natural state 1t
would be very satisfactory substance
TO keep the teeth at work. II cannot be
worn out,
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24

Where did you buy that coat p
" At that secondhand clothing store on
Galveston avenue" Why, that coat
Ii your old coat sold him last week i.
He has fixed It mp and palmed It of on
you for new" "By thunder Nov I
know what the hyena meant when he
said It fitted me like Il had been made
for me. Thought at the time he was
lying. but I see I was deceived In him. T"
N-Galvsstoa Nescs.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24

Little six. year-old was taking his hFst
lesson in addition. and when the teacher
asked him, "If were to give you two
cats and another nice lady gave you two
more. how many cats would you havefs
be quickly replied: why, pretty SOFA
| wouldn't have any, for my mamma
would break their necks with the broom.
She don't Ike cats ."---NorTsssosa
HsraId
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24
FOR THE FAIR SEX.


The necklace now being executed by
one of the first jewellers OF Paris for
Sarah lBernhardt Is near completion. and
is considered one of the finest specimens
OF the jewelers. art of the nineteenth
century. Il Is of the fiat shape so much
worn OF late years. mere band worn
round the throat of the kind called
collier de chien. II is composed of two
rows Of magnificent brilliants about an
inch and quarter apart. between which
wreath of field flowers in rrecious
stones. representing the natural colors
OF the rustic blossoms, seems TO flow
with the greatest ease and grace imag-
Unable. The minute poppies are com
posed OF rubies, the corn-howers of sap
phires, the msrigolds of topaz. and so
on, while the leaves are of emeralds.
No two flowers are alike, and altogether
this necklace is pronounced the finest
composed during this generation.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24
A Saa Of Fire.

Among the petroleum springs of Baku.
on the western shore OF the Caspian.
now beginning 10 be known rs they de-
serve, is one communicating with the
sea which produces At times = very
striking phenomenon. The floating oil
that covers the surface for many acres
round Is frequently ignited by accident,
turning the smooth water into a verit-
able lake OF fire. The most famous of
these oonhagrations, to which the super
stition OF the natives gives the name of
"Shaitaun Moor" Devils Light),
occurred in the autumn OF 1872. II
broke out in the middle Of the night, and
was declared by Russian naval officer,
who witnessed 1t from the deck of gun
boat, to be the most striking spectacle
he had ever seen. The sheet OF flame
waved TO and fro in the wind like a flag,
lighting up the shores for miles. and
making every point and rock clear rs at
midday. Far as the eye could reach the
smooth water was all one red blaze. and
the deep crimson glow which it thre =
into the sky was visible to the inhabit-
ants OF several inland districts far out OF
sight of the sea itself
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24

Opium is ssmuggled into the Sandwich
Islands in the cans labeled " Boston
Baked Beans" Another method Of In
PRODUCING the prohibited article is 10
bore cedar iencc posts and pack the holes
with it. The Chinese are adopts In this
sort of trickery, and they clandestinely
peddle large quantities Of opium and
rum amone the natives.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24
News and Notes for Women.

A Woman has been appointed clerk OF
the Nevada legislature.
Girls in a livery are substituted Tor
footmen in some English families.
Queen Victoria is said to have made
$4,000 on her stock farming last year.
An English lady advertises her we'd
ding presents, including many valuable
articles, for sale, in the London Times.
Somebody who has been counting
heads decides that blondes have I40, 900
hairs, brunet,es los, 900 and red-headed
girls SO 600.
The telegraph operator at Williams
Ranch, Texas, Is little girl nine years
old, who plays with her dolls between
the messages.
Old Monument, a Chippewa squaw
living near Saltwater, MINI, now has
her twenty fourth husband, having been
divorced from ten men ia the forty years
that the whites have known her.
After a Mrs. Buford, of Kansas. had
walked two miles TO a river to commit
suicide she remembered that the oven
was full of bread, and she Mt once hast
ened home to save the loaves. Western
women are thoughtful.
A Paris paper says: There is another
wedding on the tapis betwee an Ar-eri-
can heiress and an impecunious prince.
which fills with gladness the hearts OF
his creditors, whose name is legion; but
would the lady's friends be pleased did
they know that NJ. de !. has promised
a commission Of 100000 francs to the
person who served as eo-between
English high society is turning against
the professional beauties. and several
houses where they have been accus-
toned to display their charms have been
closed against them. A weIl-known
countess has taken the lead in the move.
rpent. AS the Prince of Wales likes the
company Of these ladies. however. 1t is
thought the ban will not extend far.
George Eiot's passion for music was
remarkable. Indeed, nature seems TO
have denied her only one gitt--personal
beauty. Justin Mccarthy said of her
"She Is what we. in England, call de-
cidedly plain; what people in New
York call homely; and what persons
who did not care 10 soften the forms oil
an unpleasant truth would describe
probably by a still harsher and more
emphatic epithet; her face, 1t Is said,
not even being formed and illuminated
by the light of her genius"
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24

OF cash sEals leit Just Eve dollars. TIE
remnant Of bis once ample fortune. HIs
personal property amounted 10 vezx
LITTLE. He commenced bis long eehsnrh
With : purpose which sesnaa % have
bsen fally accomplished.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-02-24

Its asserted that the dairy products
Of the United States have swioa the
value Of ths whsnt crop.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27
The Possibilities of Heaven.

Activity, occupation, is the great Sc
cret of contented living. 1 cannot imag-
inc who first conceived the idea of heaven
as place in which to stand still; some
poor, timid soul, probably, to whom mere
rest was the highest ideal of bliss. But
the glowing descriptions of the Bible
never convey any such ideas; there every
word seems to culver with an intensity
Of life and glory. 1 never forget that
Christ is the centre and source, the life
and glory, of all and that to be without
one spot or stain Of sin, to be pure as he
is. pure, holy as he is holy, is the crown
ing JOY and glory of heaven. l long for
intellectual expansion, but still more do
| yearn for the spiritual unfolding into
Chrlst's own image of infinite purity and
love, which hope for there. Our spirit
ual nature is our highest, and its perfec-
ton far more to be coveted than that of
the merely intellectual; but l believe it
is the union and harmony of the two
which constitutes the fullest perfection in
even that higher life. We are made both
rational and spiritual beings, with ca
pacities for indefinite expansion in both
llves-in all lives. Whatever pursuit or
taste is elevating and pure, blessing to
ourselves and others, we cannot doubt
will be enlarged and perfected there.
And 0, to what wonderful and glorious
height whole eternity will bring us II
the attainments of some even here seem
marvellous, what shall we behold there q?
1t is this wonderful capacity for develop
ment which makes human soul worth
so much. When a man with all these
glorious possibilities before him persists
in yielding to his lower propensities, and
degrading himself by self-indulgence and
sin, he ruins not only what he is, but
what he might be in endless ages hence.
His soul clogged, imbruted, narrowed
down to low aims, cannot rise to a
glorious immortality he has kept him
self away from it. If there were no
revelation Of future evil to such soul,
we should see how inevitable it's ruin is.
Our TtVO LiveS.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27

that maintains fundamentally
l. That the ministers Of the gospel are
a separate order of men divinely called
to their office.
2. That the reality of this divine call
is to be determined in each case, by a
body of men already regular ministers.
3. That these ministers stand upon a
plane of parity above which they never
can rise.
4. That minister can become the
pastor ola given congregation only by a
call from that congregation.
D. That the Presbyterian system re-
quires an ascending hierarchy of author
itative judicatories.
6. That in these courts, an equi-pon-
derant lay element is to have place.
Certainly 1 do not set forth these pro-
positions as new to any of the readers OF
the Central, but with the view of calling
attention to the observation, which l
think not unimportant, that no ecclesias-
teal body can claim to be truly Presby-
terrain in Polity, in whose records the con-
slant and fundamental use of these does
not occur. And with the further especial
view Of emphasizing the interesting fact
that in all the records of century of
Lexington Presbytery, from its first ses-
sion to its latest, these pregnant words
are found in universal unvarying use,
and always in the same sense.
A special form often recurring in these
records is worthy Of notice as being in
character and effect, analogous with the
class of words given above. 1t is the
form prescribed for licensing a candidate
This form is given in our Book of Church
Order, and sets forth that the candidate,
besides other things "has given satisfac-
ton as to his having gone through reg
ular course of Literature * x and has
given satisfaction as to his accomplish
ments in Literature, as to his expert
mental acquaintance with religion, and
as to his proficiency in divinity and other
studies"
A Presbytery that uses this form in
good conscience, effectually protects itself
against an iiliterate ministry and, as far
as human appliances can avail, secures
pious one. S. L. @.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27

ferv and the deacons my fellow-ser-
vants": ~Attend to the bishop, and to
tbe presbytery, and to the deacons." (Ep.
ad Maq., TTal., Phil
No doubt, however, you are wearied
18th NV quotations. Yet what do you
oppose to all this array of contemporan-
eous testimony? You oppose Chancellor
Kings opinions. Well, Chancellor" is
undoubtedly high title; yet OF "Chan-
cellor" King "lord" Campbell remarks,
"b;s Genius was not of the highest order"
while | might quote directly opposite
on;n;ons of other "Chancellors. All
spcb quotations, however, whether pro
or con, amount to nothing, though ad-
duced adj intfnitatna, because ad antnatatn1
thew would be only opinions-though Of
"I,ord Chancellors.
Bnt YOU quote Macaulay also in oppo-
sition. am quite certain, however, that
upon questions demanding the exercise
Of the purely critical faculty and of dis
passionateness of judgment you your
selves will not risk an appeal to this au-
thor. He is too much of two edged
sword.
l Judge, however, from the length of
the quotation that you attach most i'm
portance to the opinion of Jerome. Let
me contrast his testimony though with
that Of the fathers which I have quoted.
l. He lived upwards of two hundred
and fifty years later than those fathers
2. What you quote from Jerome was
only his opinion, or Interpretation of a
passage of Scripture, while the fathers
were eye-witnesses of the facts to which
they testified.
In addition even Jerome acknowledged
the superior authority OF the Bishop, for
he said.," Q~id enina tacit, crcepta ordi-
natione, episcopus qtod pyesbyter non
taciat ?" The bishop could ordain; the
rresbyter could not. Is this Presbyte-
rianism? When Jerome appeals to mat
tiers of fact he is an Episcopalian; when
he interprets passage of Scripture he
may be Presbyterian, just as another
man might be Congregationalist or a
Roman Catholic. In the latter aspect
should place as much confidence in the
judgment Of the Editors of the Central
Presbyterian, as in that of Jerome.
But must desist. Before laying down
the pen, however, permit me again CRATE
fully to recognize the courtesy which you
have shown me; and to assure you that
in writing as have done l have had no
feelings or motives incompatible with the
greatest respect for you, Messrs. Editors
personally, or for Presbyterians as peo-
pie. Among the latter l know that can
count some of my best friends.
j. G. ARMSTRONG.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27
Queer Titles to Bibles.

Several quaint and humorous titles
have been given to certain old editions of
the Scriptures.
The bug" Bible was printed in Lon
don in 1851 by Nicholas Hyll. The nick
name arose from the following: $50 thou
shalt not nede be. afraid for any Bugges
by night. Now it is, Thou shalt not
be afraid of the terror by night"
The Breeches" Bible was printed in
Geneva in 1860 and is so called from
that word being used in Gen iii: 7, in
stead Of aprons
The "Treacle" Bible was printed in
1868 by Richard Jugge 1t reads, as
there no tryacle in Gilead?." In 1909,
the word "tryscle" was changed to
"rosin" els there no rosin in Gilead?'
The word balm was not introduced
until 1911.
The He" Bible, printed in London in
1911 by Robert Baker. takes its nick
name from curious error in Ruth iii
Is: He measured six measures of bar
ley and laid it on her, and he went into
the city,. In the same year another en-
tlrely distinct edition was printed, in
which the word "she' was substituted
tor che" above mentioned, and hence the
name "She' Bible was given it, to dis
tinguish it from the He" Bible
The Vinegar" Bible of 1717 is so
called because the headline of Luke,
chapter 20, read 1.-The parable of the
vinegar" instead of the vineyard" The
printer of this edition was one j. Basket,
of Oxford, and because Of the numerous
typographical faults, it was sometimes
called the "Basketful of Errors"
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27
An Appointment Recalled.

1t gave us great pleasure to announce,
some three months ago, the appointment
of Revs. John Stout and 7. P. Bell as
missionaries to China. 1t is with equal
sorrow that we now allude to the with
drawal of that appointment. We do not
think 1T best to enter at length into dis
cussion of the reasons for this step-the
full correspondence and some remarks on
been published in the Baptist Courier
but we deem brief statement of the case,
as it appears to us, due alike to the Board
of Foreign Missions and to brethren Stout
and Bell. The writer is indeed mem
Der of the Board, but writes here entirely
on his own responsibility, and therefore
unofficially.
1t is the custom to question applicants
for appointment on their views of Chris
tian doctrine. This was thought to be
unnecessary when two honored pastors
of influential churches presented them
selves. The Board was borne along on
a wave of enthusiasm as brother Stout
and then brother Bell recounted their
reasons for being willing to leave their
present fields and labor in China They
invited questions, but none were asked.
During the meeting of the Southern Bap-
fist Convention, another brother came be-
fore committee of the Board for exami-
nation. One of the brethren above named
was present by invitation, and reported
to the other what had occurred. Both
of them thereupon made known to mem
bers of the committee that they could
not have answered as the younger brother
did certain questions bearing on the in
spiration of the Scriptures. This led to
the correspondence already mentioned,
from which it appeared that the two
brethren hold the theory of inspiration
which may be best described to readers
of the Herald as that advocated by DR..
G. H. Toy, in his letters of eighteen
months ago, though neither of them, it
should be added, has applied the theory
so extensively as DR.. Toy, or has gone to
such lengths in their departure from the
commonly received opinions.
In the long, anxious and prayerful
consideration of what should be done, 1t
came out incidentally that there is among
twenty active members of the Board
some diversity of views on the abstract
question, but a very general agreement
that, as agents of the Southern Baptist
Convention, they have no right to do
what they think would be disapproved
by large majority of its constituents,
and further that the sending out OF
brethren who avowed such views would
lead to hot discussions, and thus prove dis
astrous to the cause of Foreign Missions.
They felt compelled for these reasons to
cancel the appointment.-Rehg. Herald
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27
Influence of the Life of Christ

Francis Peck, in the Contemporary
Rev1e'0, forcibly presents this influence
as that which alone preserves all So
ciety from corruption, and is not less
needed by the statesman amidst the slip
perry paths of politics, the professional
man amidst The conventionalities of his
profession, the merchant amidst the
manifold temptations to injustice, than
by the laborer or peasant to whom it is
the only influence capable Of rendering
his condition tolerable, as it points him to
the noble, unselhsh life of One who was
content to take upon Him the lowly form
OF carpenters son in order to exalt
earth toilers and earth's sufferers, and
holds out to him the hope of eternal peace
when the painful conflict and discipline
Of life is past.
The life Of Jesus is in very truth that
mighty power which appeals to our
noblest affections and sympathies, on
which we can look with veneration, at
tachment and gratitude, so that our
devotional instincts grow to be the domi-
nant motive of our lives" 1t is the sole
illumination Of the dark mystery of
existence, without which human life is an
qnmeaning comedy or mysterious tragedy,
death horrible catastrophe, eternity a
blank.
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27
Silence About Ourselves.
BY BISHOP wILBERFoRCE.

Think as little as possible about any
good IN yourself; turn your eyes reso-
lutely from any view of your acquire
ments, your influence, your plans, your
success, your following-above all, speak
as little as possible about yourself. The
inordinateness of our self-love makes
speech about ourselves like the putting
of lighted torch to the dry wood which
has been laid in order for burning
Nothing but duty should open our. lips
upon this dangerous theme, except it be
in humble confession of our sinfulness be-
fore God.
Again, be specially upon the watch
against those little tricks by which the
vain man seeks to bring round the con-
versation to himself, and gain the praise
or notice which his thirsty ears drink in
so greedily. Even if praise comes un-
sought, it is well, whilst men are utter
ing it, to guard yourself, by thinking of
some secret cause for humbling yourself
inwardly to God, thinking unto what
these pleasant accents would be changed
if all that is known to God, and even to
yourself, stood revealed to man.
Place yourself often beneath the Cross
OF Calvary see that sight of love and sor-
row; hear those words of wonder; look
at the Eternal Son humbling himself
there for you, and ask yourself as you
gaze fixedly on him, whether he, whose
only hope Is in that cross of absolute self
sacrifice and establishment. can dare to
cherish in himself one self-complacent
action. Let the Masters words ring
even in your ears How can we believe,
who receive honor one of another, and
seek not the honor that cometh from God
only ?"
The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1881-07-27

contrary to the principles of science.
Every vital phenomenon is absolutely
different In its nature from every physical
mechanical or chemicaD action. There
is no analogy whatever between tie two
sets of phenomena.
1.-The present state of knowledge justi-
fes the conclusion that no form Of living
matter existing at present, nor any one
which existed in the past, directly origi-
mated from non-lving matter, or in any
way derived its powers or properties from
the non-living."