davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
LAND OFFICE AT EAST SAGIvAw, Mich.
SeDtember 10 1891

LAND OFFICE AT EAST SAGI,;Aw. Mich.
September TO- 1881. {
Notice is hereby given thatthe followngnamed
settler has filed notice Of his intention to make
final proof in support Of his claim. and that said
proof will be made before the County Clerk of
Crawford county, Mob, at Grayling, on the 18th
day Of October, 1891, viz:
John Walsh, of Crawford County Mich for
the So of MY, and 81 Of Nw1l of Sec. 30 TBS
n. r. West, and names the following witnesses
TO prove his continuous residence upon and cult
vation Of said land, viz:
jacob steckert. Hubbard Head, DanielBennett.
and Alfred Bennett, all of Koscommon p. O.
CHARLES DOUGHTY, Register.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
Land office at EAST SAGINAW. Mich.
September 22 1881

Land Office at EAST SAGINAW. Mich.
September %, 1881.
Notice is hereby given that the following named
settler has filed notice OF his intention 20 make
final proof i'm support Of his claim. and that said
PROOF VIII be made before the County Clerk of
crawford county, Michigan, at Grayling, on the
26th day Of October. 1881 VIZ:
Alfred d. Colestock, Of Crawford county. for
the sw u OF Sec. 81, T26N Of r West and
names the following witnesses to prove his con
land, viz: ~ sou"
Deios Holley, H. q. Wiley, d. waldron. Geo.
Hall, all Of Pore Cheney p. O.. Crawford county.
CHARLES DOUGHTY,
Register.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION.
LAND OFFICE AT EAST SAGINAW. Mich,


LAND OFFICE AT EAST SAGINAW. Mich,
September 10, 1881.
Notice is hereby given that the following named
settler has filed notice of his intention to make
final proof in support Of his claim and that said
proof will be made before the County Clerk of
Crawford county, at Grayling Mich, on the 3th
day of October 1881. viz:
Hubbard Head, of Crawford county Michigan.
for the M of SEA and M of SwA of Sec. "a.
t % of RE- West, and names the following wit
nesses to prove his continuous residence upon and
cultivation of said land viz:
Jacob Steckert, John Walsh Daniel Bennett.
and Alfred Bennett, all of Roscommon p. O.
CHARLES DOUGHTY,
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06
Sale of Swamp Lands.
MICHIGAN STATE LAND OFFICI
LANSING October Ist 1891

MICHIGAN STATE LAND OFFICE,
LANSING, October 1st, 1891.
Notice Is hereby given, that the following de-
scribed swamp Land, ,situatein Crawford County.
heretofore licensed as Homesteads, which land
has reverted to the Stale, win be RESTORED to
market at this Office November 10, 1881, at 1000
clock "A. NJ, and will be subject to sale accord
ing 70 the form prescribed by law.
Description.
So Of NEl4, Sec, iS, 26 North of Range West.
JAMES NJ. NEASMrTH, Commissioner.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06

The leading Scientists OF to-day agree that
most diseases are caused by dsordered Kidneys
or Liver. III, therefore, the Kidneys and Liver
are kept in perfect order, perfect health will be
the result This truth has only been known n
short time and for years people suffered great
agony without being able 10 find relief. The dis
covery of Warmers Safe Kidney and Liver Cure
marks new era in the treatmentof these trous-
les. Made from simple tropical leaf of rare
value it contains just the elements necessary to
nourish and invigorate both Of these great organs
and safely restore and keep them i'm order II il
POSITIVE Remedy for all the diseases that
cause pains in the lower part of the body-for
Torpid Liver-Heada daches-Jaundce-
Gravel-Fever, Ague-Malarial Fever, and all
difficulties Of the Kidneys Liver and Urinary
Organs. IL is an excellent and safe remedy for
females during Pregnancy. II will control Mem
situation and Is invaluable for LeucorrhVra or
Falling Of the Womb.
As Blood Purifier it is unequaled, for It cures
the organs that make the blood.
This Remedy, which has done such wonders. is
put up in the LARGEST SIZED BOTTLES Of any
medicine upon the market, and is sold by Drug
gists and all dealers at S1.25 per bottle. For
Diabetes, enquire for WARMERS SATEDIABE-
TES CURE. It is a POSITIVE Remedy.
II. III. WARNER & Co.,
Rochester, N. Y.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06

NOTICE is hereby given that the
Otsego and Crawford County Improve
ment Company has made application
to the Board of Control of the Saint
Marys Falls Ship Canal for their assent
to, and approval of certain proposed
improvements of the navigation of the
An Sable river and certain of its trib-
utaries, according to map or plan of
the sections of such streams, the navi
CATION of which it is proposed to i'm
prove, and plan for the Improvement
OF the same showing the several points
on said streams where improvements
are proposed to be made, and the ma
ture and character of such improve
ments prepared by said Company and
submitted TO said Board at the time of
making such application. Said pro-
posed improvements are in Towns 26 n.
X. /, 2, 3, and West, 81 n. l, 3 and
4 West, and East, 2S N. /. 2, 3 and 4
West, and l +. 20 n. /. 2, 3 and 4 W.,
and l and 2 East. Said Board has des-
lgnated their regular meeting on the
last Wednesday of October, 1881, for
the hearing of said application.
Dated; DETROIT, September 9Th, 1881.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06
NOTICE FOR PUBLICATION:
Land Office at REED Cry. Mich, !

Land Office at REED CITY Mich.
August 81, 1881.
Complaint having been entered at this office by
David II. Shoop against Isaac S. DeCon. for
abandoning his homestead entry No. 1898 dated
May 81, 1850, upon the SW14 of SE14. and SE14 of
SWA, Sec. "a. T 2s n Of Range West, in Craw-
ford county Mich, with view to the cancella-
ton of said entry: the said parties are hereby
summoned to appear at this office on the 18th
day Of October, 1881 at l2 O'Clock VI, to respond
and furnish testimony concerning said alleged
abandonment.
EDWARD STEVENSON, Register.
W. II. c. MITCHELL, Receiver.
Crawford avalanche. (Grayling, Mich.) 1879-19??, 1881-10-06
CRAWLING MICHIGAN THURSDAY OCTOBER 6 1881

Mr.. Thomas Woodfield and Miss
Marion Johanna Nicholson, both of
this village, united their destinies on
Saturday evening last at the residence
of VIM. 4 Masters, Justice Kilbourne
offciation. The happy couple were the
recipients of number of very useful
presents on the occasion, which may
be taken as evidence of the apprecia-
tion and esteem of the donors. and
among which was a very handsome
bedroom set, by Mr.. Rasmus Hanson.
his employer; IA beautiful ornamented
lamp, from Miss Carrie Rasmussen; !;
pair of napkin rings from DIR. Traver
and family, and very handsome bed
spread by Mr.. Louis Jensen, while
from the AVALANCHE they receive con-
gratulations and wish that JOY may
go with them along life's journey.
NOTICE to Teachers, and Chair
men of Boards of Township School In
spectors of Crawford county: There
will be Special Meeting of the County
Board of School Examiners, for busi-
ness and consultation with the Chair
men of the Township School Boards,
at the Court House in Grayling Octo-
ber 18th, 1881, at 1000 o'clock A. NJ.
The Regular Examinations by County
Board of Examiners, will be held at
the Court House in Grayling, the last
Friday in October, (2Sth', at 1000
o'clock A. NJ. A Special Meeting of
the same Board for the examination of
teachers will be held in the school
house of district No. /, in the town
ship of South Branch, on Wednesday
the 2nd day of November, 1881. at ten
O'Clock A. NJ. WM. PUTNAn,
Sec'y.
Mr.. John III. Hartman, of Grove.
writes us that they are having an ex-
cellent school in district No. z, ofthat
town, which is being taught by a
young lady from Clio, Mich, and also
that basket picnic was held on the
farm of Mr.. VIM Rawlins, in Ball, a
short time since, at which IS sturdy
sons and daughters of toll assembled
and INDUCED in merry-making and
feasting, and winds up his epistle by
stating that the services of good fe-
male teacher will be in demand in that !
district about the first of December.
and requests all applicants to address
him at Roscommon, Mich.
The Red Cloud chief., 1881-01-06
The Terrible Roman Fever...The Per.
niciOsa.

Even in the earliest days il was the
custom to wish a good" August aud
to make presents and to give dinners
ald entertainments. The
for there is a method in all these mad
nesses-is that August is the most In
healthy month in the year in Rome.
If YOU escape the fevers until then. you
can rarely escape them in August. IN
less unheard-of precautions are taken.
of which you soon get tired. As rest,
sleep and good wine are the surest pre-
~ventives of Roman fever. the August
gifts usually take the form of poultry
and wine. IL you can eat well. sleep
well and drink well and never go into
the open air while there is a ray of sun.
you may escape the fever. But eat
~irregularly, and drink poor wine and
20 out during the hot hours. and sooner
or later you will be seized with fever,
and Roman fever is not easily forgotten.
1t begins with \ shivering fit that
shakes the very room in which the vic
tim lies, nor can the heaping on of
eider-down quilts and pillows stop il.
1t sometimes continues for hours. The
teeth chatter. and you feel as il sud-
denly cast naked on an iceberg. When
the shivering fit ceases the fever COM
menoes, and after that comes a profuse
perspiration. The more you perspire
the better. for If the patient does not
perspire he is suffering from the worst
kind of Roman fever, called the per-
niciosa." whose very name makes Ro-
mans quake with terror. for it carries
one of in 3 couple OF hours. Native
Romans think nothing of these fevers:
they do not even call in a doctor il all
goes on well; that is, If the perspfra-
ton comes out all right They know
exactly what to do, and the fevers have
more effect on them than that of
keeping them in bed during the actual
feycrishness. Between the spells, which
return very regularly. they eat. drink.
work. walk and 60 to theaters As il
nothing was the matter with them; and
sometimes continue thus for more
than eighteen months. They look as
yellow as the lemons. the juice Of which
they drink. but that Is all. With Amer.
and English, however. the a is
different In the first place we begin |
by being very frightened. and the quiz
nine has not the same effect on Us as il
has upon the Romans. Our stomachs
reject it after 3 very few doses. much 10
the doctors dismay. Acouple of fever
ish attacks reduce Us TO q state of pros
We are unable TO lift a hand
kerchief. The dreaded .'perniciosa"
soon makes its appearance, unless we
be removed to better sir. when the
disappears as If by enchantment-
the first sign of q Roman fever.
Rome immediately. il only for Fascati.
slbane or any Of the other summer re-
sorts r-hich are at the gates Of Rome.
send away patients in their
beds, 4 they are too weak TO be re-
novel otherwise. TIE Hour.
The Red Cloud chief., 1881-01-06
HUMOROUS.
ALL the dogs of war that are let slip
are not West Pointers.

ALL the dogs of war that are let sir
are not West Pointers.
WHEN Brutus and Cassius were boy.
the girls used to say that Brute wa.
such a nice fellow. but they preferred
Cash. The girls haven't changed one
bit.-N. y. Commercial.
"OH. DEAR" exclaimed Penniman.
81 wish | could excel in something, |
do believe, if l should kill a man, il
wouldn't be anything but murder in
the second degree! boston Tran
script.
A NORTH CARoLINAN who kissed a
n woman against her consent was SEN
fenced to a months imprisonment, and
all the women in the State want the
law that punished him repealed. Dos
ton Post.
At the Social Science Congress, in
Edinburgh, Mrs. Duncan McLaren
protested against the custody Of child
rem being considered as a minor mat
ter" Pray, what is it, then?-ADaHy
Lar Journal.
OLD age is almost invariably accom-
panied by q prominent chin.-Rhreno-
iOgicai Journal. True, but if YOU had
attended many of the political meetings
this fall YOU would have been convinced
that some urchins are nearly all chin
Graphic.
CORNELL has graduated a lady archi-
tect, said to be an exceedingly brigh,
student and confidently expected TO
make a mark in the profession. Still.
who want a house with twenty-seven
closets and no smOking-room but the
back yard?-S Louis Chronicle.
He was a seedy-looking customer,
and the worst bore in Galveston. bu: he
was as bold as n lion. He walked right
up to a newly-elected candidate and
said: 81 want you to lend me five dol
lars for political service rendered YOU
during the election" why. you
never came near me during the cleo
ton" That's just what l mean"
He got a nickel. and said that he was
doing better than he expected, now
the business season is over.-Galreston
NeUs.
The Red Cloud chief., 1881-01-06

kim-ks hsss aevsv k~Nrd = b - @
ksr~ sass ~k~a - ksa &c sss hslA =
~zas4 so 49, sAF. bss iasse~a e F10-
- q ssxsas 80 rscus ~ ssssy - s%~
As esvps as sonly ~ ~s1sls e~s 80 as'
sAass whss aissy szp~a iate "a aP.
sssi - soi AsrS~sf up IA Ser ssf@ s
kss@ CAssa~s Aesa A~s& as~n al
AZ sxArs sx!l ssss upcs hss s~n fmF
sSA 49,. a=sfg sad ssssrkess - tti
10. ssax nsszsa ~ ss sPf Hs s@t So
rzsxa sa Eas Nss a m@s
aa<~spxs He koR~I tessri 49, So
au= JSss sksa thS e&~< sfpr$ -
eoaaarsA tsstr~' 10 was a. 8swa -
havs 10 a. hsf~. ~aA = sssy ssss
sse~fA he thau<As - "a e~u gsStst
r1xzz anA h&s Nssiz ~hse @ a. al
aAA ~Arm. sn4 - sssAi sd issg hSs
10 s~z s
De ~saA ~af q - hsnEss' Fe't3s<
kFssv 80 80 csaARsn - "a T-ssf -
cTvpl ss1slf - IA nssss1s a 49, 81
gstasA slstd EuAs Ee*E - a~~i
ssasnx 80 lhs sSAs e tAs s - ths
hal shsf ~zanf~l So asNt saa s
Ia = ~ at nazasnsa 49, h2& hes
waHav al lAu ssEss 90 Ass bttas hF
osxaxi sAe Aau4 AL 1tasv@ge thrs~
hlmslf isso hsr Afuss. CSC issrs a@f
GAa AS yxtSsfA eseA fnf aaag stHS&s
as Ap haA nsxrr fvsf EtesA
"lNNs sh hs~ go ~
sOa suAs up ~as afFAEi
a. ~Sni a.iexp tAAS yps ss~sAin ,hSa
NE rssss lss sae s. o. bed -"
nsvsr. ustSy ssNm
Never usina S@AghL Care cal
lad uaNmnaA As shs gaskt ast
bins aaI sEsA~i Asn N be aA a.
Aisss he had k~zsssnssi hts srtas e@ni
bet hvck AL frusn Ettins be- BAH
siosen k.sea -hsa che @n abe ts~
~ vsss sassa~u b. hasrv3 sui tAs~i
Bis husls paibow Nos tkss Do - ."
ia bed be uaekat to tssns saa3s
IL al. hos sunsshas he duaat
The ,sfy seat Ih3nz BE knes mas
yoee aal ~s~Akrncsi A4u The snn-
shine as s;rvAu a ussrfsiy @f,'s $50
Aasi ihu1sh q wRs t~tt Aa" n
The u4aru.us be hNi to rahhts sf~s""
pr swioe b~iofe BE coulj FSuSaass {aas
how "a al ~AA
..lIaW dos my little hsf feSi tas
NORMA. a.ke1 hs ra0tssE
80 mamma ! Am sure ! shAll p~
a<aia sAnt ts al ap al nghtj WhH 900
knoa hoe dgssital a ~zs Uava
ever boiy was gune Ia bed AMI ~A
eff thesc ali sAsas.
II Anow IL. INV re~sr rhtli- fs'i
sorfy ioF sou bat ! cssaii s"' h~tp
GA rnl YEA weFv Trsd g. be helped
Tel the. shY dht ~
aayc a god ums. as I esl 81 !
idiih't enjoy msself a hi
because. NV chiii. Yea inss2ei "n
yuuf o~a wtA sFaiitsd 'h"uE'
{ sas iR o~pr-.stioa ." The iuiguhrst
.hd wishes 20 yuur moiher, b ksos
much better than her ittis hsg ~hst
hinss were calculated - male h'ut
Add Il VOC Ia not ieArn g. trsst
hove and Wssdom la ihsnes
YOU have not Tried. y"u wsIl ses
sany murr miserable evenings haa 'hu
'no in which y"u tired sitting uP
Illustrates IAFut.1a HostEs
The Red Cloud chief., 1881-01-06
Fashion Notes,
BONNET strings are a yard long.

H. - " NV IL
White jet is as fashionable as ever.
Light-cOlored cloths are preferred fol
jackets.
Deep fur collars and cuffs will be
favored this winter.
Full lace frills are much used for trim.
ming dresses.
Cloaks have gay Innings of plush in
red oil old gold color.
MuffS of envelope or pocket shape,
trimmed with lace, are new.
The variety of feathers used in mil.
linery is almost unlimited.
Small round capes of cloth, heavily
beaded, will be popular this winter.
Large hair-pins Of gilt and smaller pins
of gilt, silver or pearl, with oval heads,
are stuck here and there among the
trimmings on bonnets.
Plush is produced in all colors and
all widths-seal-skin plush, tiger-spot-
ted plush. black plush, striped plush.
smooth plush and rough plush.
Combinations of materials such as
satins and plush. velvet and plush, or
plush and beaver-are used on bonnets:
but the same color is preserved. though
various shades of it may be used.
Children still wear bangs on the fore
head, while the back hair is long and
flowing; larger girls YEA Marguerite
braids, or else braided loops. with
either a bang or natural waves in front.
The fancy for sticking gilt ornaments
such as daggers. large-headed pins.
long hair-pins and Japanese fans
through the hair. after the manner of
the Japanese women, is adopted by our
fashionable ladies.
Many of the elegant silk dolmans
which have appeared since the cold
weather began are lined with leopard
skin and trimmed with a deep border
and collar of the same costly fur. which
is among the most fashionable this sea-
sOn.-andreUs' BGzdr.
The Red Cloud chief., 1881-01-06
Personal AND LITERARY.

-
IT 10 reported thst Mr. Andrrw ID
White Is writing \ life Of Thomas JET
terson-
Mas FRANCES Hops~ox BURNETT IL
so III that she writes while living oa her
back She " writing = nee novel
The United States Government, will
o publishthe Records o. the War"
n work hlliag nearly seventy-scven thou.
sand octave pages
Seminars HostA!y has made such q
success with is English edition that the
Harpcrs have taken the hint and arc
about 20 follow suit
The Town Council % Eiinbnryh.
Scot and. intend 10 exp-nd the sum II
5000 IN placing s~taiaett-s of the char
acters in the .'Wsveriy Novels m the
thirty empty inches Of the Scott Moa-
ument
The inventory of the estate OF the
late Mary Shields. recently fled in the
Office 81 the Register Of Wills. =; Phils-
delphia. shows hat her property is
valued NJ s9Si. $50. IS. nearly AL in per-
sonal effects. By her will nearly the
whole Of this amount is ~beqaeaihed TO
charitable institutions
ALEXANDER MouroS. Ex-Governor
81 Louisiana, is the oldest United States
Senator now living. having served in
that body under the Administration Of
General Jackson. Although an oc;o-
genarian he retains his faculties. mental
and physical. in = remarkable degree.
except his vision. which Is somewhat
impaired.
Ar the funeral Of Lucrctia Mott. the
informal religious name Of the Quak-
ers were preserved. No speakers were
chosen beforehand. The family AMI
friends gathered in her house. and sat
awhile in silence. Then Deborah
Wharton arose and delivered , eulogy.
aud was followed By DIR. Furncss in q
similar address. Both were neighbors.
GaRIBALpI has declined Tennyson's
invitation To winter with him in the
Isle of Wight. The poet laureate in
tends now 10 win,erin London. where he
has arrived. and may be often seen eat
Ing his chop and drinking his accustomed
pint Of double" in the old-fashioned
hostelry he has made his own in the
classic purlieus Of Fleet street, close by
the Middle Temple.
Miss MABLE MAY. a young English
lady Of rare character and accomplish
men.s, will be the companion and as
sistant of Mrs. General Garfield in the
White House. She is n woman of I'M
usual mental and moral stamina. Last
she was a teacher in Mrs. West
falls Seminary. in Dayton. and won
the respect and esteem Of all who were
fortunate enough to form her %acquaint-
The Red Cloud chief., 1881-01-06
A Sad Disappointment.

THE hero of the story is a gallant
Captain who rules the water. He and
several companions were standing on
the pavement conversing about futures,
freight, etc, when his nautical eye was
rivited on a shining object on the side
walk les his foot. 1t was, indeed, a
small bonanza in the shape of a silver
quarter. The Captain did not call out:
Hello. shipmaies. l have found a
quarter; have any Of you boys dropped
it," Not much; but he quietly put his
foot on the coin. Then he called the
attention of the crowd TO a distant
fight of pelicans. and while they were
looking away he stopped down quietly
and. without being observed by any
body, he gathered in tina, quarter.
Then he whispered in a joyous whisper
to a confidential friend: Don't saw
anything to the rest of the bows. Eve
found a quarter. Let's take a stroll
into a saloon" And they slid off side
rays, u~nobserved. into a banquet hall.
They wiped their mouths, and the
hardy mariner went into his clothes for
his quarter. and it was gone, but ON the
floor glittered another quarter. Then
change came DER the table of his
thoughts. 1t flashed owe him in q
second that there was q hole in his
pocket; that the quarter on which he
had "set 'em up" was really his own,
and that besides that quarter about
three dollars in change was missing.
Then he perceived how premature wa
his Joy over the windfall. There he
griefs too sacred to be tempered
with, and this is one of them. The oc-
was intended to be kept .
profound secret, but, like the three
dollars. it leaked out, and you hear it
OH the street. but he don't hear any |
tiGings of the rest of the wealth, and |
there was no insurance on ia-Gosres- |
to8 NsEs.
The Red Cloud chief., 1881-01-06
The British Ministry.

WHAT is called the Ministry has never
been recognized by law, but grew out
of the custom of a few of the Privy or
Kings Council meeting in the ROYAL
Cabinet and assuming the power of ad-
vising the Crown on important measures
of Government. The real name of
what we call the Ministry is the Cabi-
net. or Cabinet Council. rs the history
of its origin implies. The only council
required by law is the Privy Council.
and when official announcement is made
of the members of the Cabinet they are
announced simply as members of that
Council appointed to fill certain offices.
The Privy Council of England is coeval
with its monarchy. but as the custom of
contiding advice and counsel to the Cab
met has grown, its powers have largely
diminished, and the whole Council has
not been convened since 1889. The
Privy Councillors are appointed, with
out limit to their number. by the Sow
ereign, and they may be dismissed. or
the Council may be dissolved, at the
royal pleasure. No qualification is
necessary except that they shall be
native-born subjects of Great Britain.
and a disability in this respect may be
removed by an act of Parliament, as il
was in the cases of Prince Albert and
the King of the Belgians. The Privy
Council consists of the members of the
royal family, the Archbishops of York
and Canterbury. the Bishop of London,
the Cabinet Ministers CT otfcio. the
Lord Chancellor, the chief officers of
the royal household, the Judges of the
Courts of Equity, the Chief Justices of
the Courts of Common Law. the Eccle-
sisastical and Admiralty Judges. the
Judge Advocate, the Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, the Speaker of the House of
Commons, the Ambassadors and the
chief Ministers Plenipotentiary. the
Governors of the chief Colo
mics, the Commander-in-C Chief, the
Vice President of the Committee |
OF Council for Education, and such 9TH
ers as the Crown may appoint. A Privy
Councillor is styled Right Honorable, |
and takes precedence Of all baronets,
knights and younger sons of viscounts
and barons. 1t was in the reign of
Henry vi. that the Kings Council
hrst assumed the name of Privy Coun-
ell, and it was also during the minority
OF that King that a select council grad
uaiiy emerged from the larger BODY.
which ultimately resulted in the mod
ern Cabinet. In earlier times It was
wholly s~ubservient to the will of the
Monarch, and was often the instrument
OF unconstitutional and arbitrary BRO
ceedings. Since the Revolution it has
lost much of its dignity, and now the
only relic of its authority in criminal
matters is its power Of taking examina-
tons and issuing commitments for