davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
Letter fraI.I Fairfax,

lCorrospanderco OF Tho Alcx.ndtia GszsLte.
FAIRFAX {. II. Aug. l9--rhc millennium
must BIO at hand Tho lion ard the lamb have
laid down together. thorg, tho sucking child
| may Do waiting 10 Load hrm.
Yesterday the erast Sa!ht.ins d! roaju,icrs
an I'll lisiag Republicans. thn odo led by ".
H. Millan, tadir caaFm:H. tito uailnt by } 40
II iuXhucst thclc chetiSi,. flet n council but
IL. after all tha uTummGG. advertising tXnort
Ing adu car s,laR tha 2.ass,a 1t tbs republican
party wtr1 vaatlng-1a!od tu. oam3 no..
Abjut three haH,irrh, inccilag ladies. Wtmao,
onil3r,n aat m:u may hava bJru pIessa.
Nothbiy to c,io:tl Yutrrs vera absent asd
:hl1 SaVa long !:c': ~ Iho S.rnoiG.cd Africa
would caniu su;a tie waT. Tia PROCEEDINGS
waro 0poac;i IS Jude James S.css;cr, who
gfaVely ara2uGcGd i:!at ;iiailn. u!a:l.u src.ksrs
we're present to losiruaa, lin 'taipolo pJ!itioisns
wac mad nos atialGed TIA digalty of iho tros."
THIS Il EtntSmsl:hin ia tG0 caoi. NJ ooo
VII ql"si;oa tAo lao: !as; ;ao judge han
aisaHasd 20 tao iI'l c;u#n aa;aai. Your
correspondent ,hjLks !h,r, vgs on, ether
o!tmrnS waiting - :Ask, ;his ,l,mon.
aAIan SUCCESS. VIZ elevated, l,sroc,I.
d'gn - craftsmanship aca high.toaed ACQUIRE
renf. Ii the rrcc2a:tnss hcFn ygssas.lsy de-
moISira:ol aa} cn9 sign tr.ut ia4t il uua the.
tho cle!liou, I'll .Hr a. .h.s oouuly j. c,ycrro.r
| mus: m&aj W,th sirn.! ,i::..t sin, fail ok
yuuj ticket, geo;'eiuoa, ny Aoy na;na van ,,y,,s.
| c)aIl:ianlsts. except republican,, ani tho SHARED
voters viii 10. eco:pl i. They SEQ tho o,t in
inc meal tGo and yau n4hnJt dis ibu-s chair
rDions. Hell ZIP tho baoacr Inscribed r.
nuhltcs2, SID ~ Gna BAN they rally ugdo; j..
Strike oui "t.puojl:D9" aid they ec,ttpr IN,
conservative democratic party hero w:s never
Ia better spilit; uc?tr Eait mara c,nGs,,, n,
victory th.n did ths ooas,,v ,,;vSs S,,, ,, ",
night after the thrro .rcat mn,s hoI h,.n G.",,
As Africa will aot coclo in;o Kim w1r .,I ~.
many 10 thi, conntv ,liok AID a,t r,;t.,
"Strairbtout aak ,rc rnh.;..,,:" |U wy
jnm;,,, i,tton '' !"'''''''"" VI t'' 'us-
'0"'Ds 'e'''i v y,
r y, y, ihHNn' - =; auiua: y. laHi.
~ ne "tt"F ~ Hr Dht ihiCr:
l anl, aud houe eVrr TO BE- ara. ht MT "a.
publican. Al suoh, lam il nr,,vn,;sm ~ ho,b
dtm GA, md rAnhi,rnrs ~, ~ r,r" wi
am nnn,s,6 so,,roir ~, ,',,;,;a, 'no III - l
I'M .ptn I.s Va t""ticH S'oua1si 10
Tb, ~" Do, VI ss"uJui oet!! po'l;oA anu moral
oomoc!at d:p: psying can1idatca; tho I7ccl.
ourg Ticket will oltry sone nanss-dolno,rat
and rapud!a,ioy. Assuu.inr tia. orr own
party does not mt ti.kn. !, 80 H., 49,
| nr,o,;,o as:,, NV" al $50 hIc"' III"
nom;ns,;on'9 ~, ~, p;a :, we oet"n1o 'hoS'
nv, nn'',esI .Ho i'on'hnen oHodiaafe-,
,mo go y" ono '''u ~ '"o h|fchocrS. o"
WV. aaa ouo VI 'heso Invoicing w2rll c1dsl!a-
ta''onS' AH ni' a5.Iacc in saying Ii ut Of
TWO evils Will chotsa tho !,sI. mad CASE thy
vote for thu democrat GcJ psTcr2 | rn.vin.
deed refrain rrcn vo;i,y NJ all I'm. ~. n,nil
obviously b. to rj7a an url1, niy-n,,.o,, '
~, " "4'a"thHu tu
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

Ona OF tho cherished theories of Mahouism is
that onc Legislature can not bod subs lent
one. and that, therefore, the act of the L,giss
laluro Of Virginia that created the debt Of the
State is not obligatory up,n subsequent
legislatures. Of COURSE if this b, trus of 0
State Legislature it is true Of national legis.
aurc or Congress. Therefore tie &C; tf
Congress providing for tho psy neut Of tho
rational debt is not binding upon subsequent
Congresses. How do Northern repu5c.us
like this thing wheu brought home to them?
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

as there Is but one candidate in the fsld for
Inc nomination for the House Of Delegates. i! is
generally supposed that the Democratic E1ecu i.
live Committee ofthe city will at heir m Getting to-
night declare Judge Charles K. Stuart the nomi.
nee OF the party. and revoke the ordor recurring
primary election. Expense and t,ouble will,
be saved by this course
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
EiilancsGl.

NEW YORK, Aug. - Tho P3s,'s iinacoi
says: u. ). zones stand W worry we'll. tho ouly
cbAn&o being q toc!iao OF ir the d. State
ocnds thus fs: to-day have besn neglected,
kalfosi bonds are lover for speculative issues,
and strictly Investment issues havo not yo: been
at all pressed 70. sale Tho waSk opens ON u loan
market II which 5a5 per cat. Is tn q oi4tlen for
CAL in.ns
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
d3Etaiis Fined.

LIMERICK, Aug 22,--Cspt. Graasm, mis;tr
OF tho British bark Wild wnoj, hns boan hno;
Ito pounds on tho prosecution Ct tho Uus.oma
authorities haro for nes!ec;nr 10 report within
three Days after the arrival u tho vessel from
Now York on May lttl last
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
Fatal Shooting.

STAUNroN, Va. Aux. 22.--Lss; sht. ST
Wsynasao'oush, Xix k;ddr vas $40. nad
killed b. u brskaalaa. named Bsss,tt, on the
Shenandoah Railroad. A woman w,s oil the
bottom 81 tho difficulty.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

The insncerity Of Virginia s.raightout repub.
icanism. as regards its debt paying professions
Is plainly exhibited by the course of It's two o, =
ssns' the Valley Virginian and the Debt Payer.
neither OF which advises the few members of
their party, though they have no tickle. of their
own in the field. to support thu men who are
doing all they can to preserve the State from
the foul disnonor Of repudistion.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
Naval.

FoRTRgSs MONROE. Va. Angus: o22.--rLo
u. s. 5. Ta(apocs. arrived hero this morniug
rom Washington with G,'. Ctos59. of tho Wsr
Dopartmcat, "a bOirt. He goes tc Norfolk snd
TO Philedalnhia.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
ESOYNl H1OTGIilcNlS.

LONDON, August 22-fhe King aud z aeon
OF D1Dmsrk have arrived st Cr n5tadt They
wcro met by tho Czlr tho Czarina and The
Gsod Duchess ard proceeded to Peterhes
with them
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
CuFed OF Drinking.

,.,; youaE friend of mias WAS cured Of so Ia.
ss'soio th!rst for liquor, which h al 50 pro;,rst.
u y nm mat hs Was unabls to do anv business.
ne was entlralv cute1 by tha,l,a of Hep I,llters
~ alisyed all that burning thirst; took away tho
SSppeslte LOT nquor, made his nerVes ..saiy, and
ua Aas remained sober and STEADY man for
more than two years. an / has desire to rstu,n
I MS cups; know Of d numb.r of tths-s .ha:
nave oeen cured o! drink by it "--From ltst~
ing H. T. Official, Chicago. IN.-TSncs.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

cable dispatch from Paris announces that
The French military commission to participate in
the Yorktown celebration will sail from Havre
on September a.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

Captain Blair says no wore the skin OF his legs
making democratic speeches. Hi, speeches in
favor tf Mahonism show that for their produc.
ton he still relies upon the same portion of his
anatomy.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
Drowned,

BOSTON, August 22 IL ,bort Nc I'LL Stuart.
aged ~ ears. whils basnlos q. O,4an Stray
yesterday, was drowned oSiog to III, s.ron. uG-
dcrinR
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

An eKcursion party from along tho ii6o Of the
VltgiLli Midland Railway passed through here
saturday morning. On route Tor Washington
an e1curaion party Also wen. no the road Sal
urday morning.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

We acknowledge the receipt Of an invitation
to attend the State Fair, which commences this
year on October Il, and promises to be very
s lccessfuli
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22
STATE DEMOCRATIC TICKET

FOR 0.vEENIR,
JOHN w. DA MIL, OF LYRCHBUis3.
Fur LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR,
JAMES BARBOUR, OF CULPEPBH.
PJR ATTORNEY GENERAL
z. w. MCKINNEY, OF FARMVILLE.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

Forty years trial has proved "BLACK.
DRAUGHTn the best liver medicins in
the world,
For sale By h. 8. Le:abester g Bro,
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

10 To McBURNEY $ and buy yourself j,n.: o
CT those hp3 AisXaniria mada BRo0Ms.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

A Daniel, Barbour and Mckinney club wss
oigAl z:z7d at Wstrehton Saturday night.
Alexandria gazette. [volume] (Alexandria, D.C.) 1834-1974, 1881-08-22

MIR. t. Spiccr Carlett, CT Lancaster coauly,
a straightous republican. wilhdraws from tho
contts! for The HOUSE of Delegates in tho fol.
loving card:
The diEgtaceful action of The Lyochbu,,
Convention lo endorsing the reputation ticket
nccessitstes NY withdrawing my nsmo ssac,udi.
dale for the nomination for House of Delegates,
as l would DOT accept the position at the
hands of men who txpeot iheit represcn-
talTe to favor tho Reputation of cur honest
debts Lat othors do as they may prefer, but,
a. tor ma. lotend to vote With tho dobtpavers
aod do ali can to advacc, the interest of V,t.
ginia. which would b. forever ruined should
the Commonwealth fall into tho hands of Ma
hone. Cameron. Lewis. aud the rabbi, that
follow Them"
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29

A curious spectacle was to be seen
on Monday in the office Of CIever's
livery stable in Lebanon, Ky. Against
the wall Of the room stands tOlera-l
bly, large desk, and under this a small
spider, not larger than a common pea,
bad constructed a web reaching to the
floor.
On monday afternoon ii was Oh.
served that the spider had ensnared a
young mouse by passing flaments Of
It's web around its tail. When first
seen the mouse had It's hind feet off
the floor. and could barely touch the
floor with It's fore feet The gpidcr
was full of business, running up and
down the line, occasionally biting the
mouse's tail, making it struggle des-
pcrately. Its efforts 10 escape were
unavailing, as the slender flaments
about iis tail were too strong for il to
break. In short time it was seen
that the spider was slowly hosting
the victim into the air.
By = o'clock in the afternoon the
mouse could hardly touch the floor
with IL fore feet By dark the point
Of its nose was an inch from the floor.
At 8 o'clock at night the mouse was
still alive, but made no signs except
when the spider descended and bit it.
tail. At this time it was an inch and
a half from the floor.
On Tuesday morning the mouse was
dead, and hung three inches from the
floor.
The news OF the novel sight soon
became circulated. and hundreds Of
people visited the stable 10 witness il.
The mouse Is a small one probably
less than half grown. measuring
about one and half inches from the
point Of It's nose 10 :he root of it, tail.
How the spider succeeded in ensnar-
ing it i not known. The mechanical
ingenuity Of the spider. which enables
her 10 raise n body which must weigh
forty or fifty times as much s-herself,
has been the subject Of a great deal
Of comment and speculation, and no
satisfactory solution of the difficulty
has been found.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29

.. Plainly. the piety which boards and
keeps l. not after the divine pattern. II
il moi Cbrist.like. What shall be said
of its prospect of heaven? Should it
reach that place, would 1t not hide
away in shamer
3. There is work in the church for all.
God expects all to do something. lie
does call us to life of joy, hut-of JOY
in gifts and labor-the sweetest of all.
4. Rulers are not excluded from the
privilege, nor excused from the duty,
of sharing in the work which builds
churches and maintains religion in the
world.
5. II religion ever loses its hold upon
society and the world, it will be because
women have ceased to see It's worth and
feel its power.
6. Willing hearts make contribution
boxes welcome.
I. Easy and large giving comes of in
terest in the objects to be promoted
but interest comes of knowledge and
thought, hence the importance OF every
means by which missionary information
is diifused.
s. The lsraelites took the ornaments
from their persons TO adorn their sane
tuary. They would make that more
beautiful than their homes. Is not that
the right order? Fine dwellings and
cherries churches are no credit to n
peoples piety.
.. Givers should try to know that
their offerings find wise and safe chan.
nels ludiscriminate giving into strange
kanIa - tba I arlfa
10. God knows mis- workers by name,
and will not forget them when he makes
up the company of his own.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29
Leaping For Life.
EXCITING SCENES At 4 TIRE-woREuEx ~.
yEL0FED iN FLAMES.

EXCITING SCENES At a TiRE-woRENEN ~
vELorED ~ FLAMES.
\ thrilling scene occurred at the
fire at Azaire d Lavigue's furniture
factory in Montreal. Thursday after
noon. !. Dion and Matthias Gau,hier.
carvers, were at.aFork in the third
story. jules Leblanc was in the same
part Of the building as the fire, which
was the result Of an explosion Of a
lamp, The flames spread with great
rapidity; those in the first aud second
stories escaped unhuri, but. to the
horror of the spectators, the three
men named were seen at the upper
windows calling for a ladder. Dion
at length disappeared and tried to
fight through the flames to the stair
way and was dreadfully burned.
Meanwhile Leblanc fell or jumped
from the window and dislocated bis
thigh. Gauthier stood for some mo-
menis, the flames singing his hair and
clothes, and then leaped desperately
for the telegraph pole, which he miss
ed, coming down with dreadful thud
upon the pavement He had hardly
been picked up when Dion. totally
enveloped in flames, appeared for an
instant at the third story window and
in the next Was cleaviug the air like a
huge rocket, the flames shooting up
ward from his clothing. He was i'm
mediately seized aud carried to safety.
Leblanc is severely shocked by the
fall. aud his companions. il Is believed.
are fatally injured. After a sharp
fight the fremen confined the flames
TO the building. The loss is $4,000.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29
Another Little Romance.

An Ohio man got a divorce aud
subsequently, married widow with
one child. After living with her some
time, some remarks which be made
about his youthful adventures led to
the discovery that his new wife was a
young lady TO whom he was once
engaged in Maryland and was on the
eve of marrying, when he became
engaged, instead, in a fight with one
of her admirers. lie threw his antag-
onist to the ground, aud, as he sup
posed, killed him so he fled to the
West. The other fellow survived, ]
however, married the girl, died and
left her a widow with one child.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29
The Men Who Succeed.

From the Nev York Observer.
The great difference among men. of
all callings, is energy of character or
the want Of il. Given the same amount
Of learning and integrity. aud the same
opportunities, and energy will make
one man a conqueror. The want of it
will see the other failure. Dead
beats are all men without force. They
had as good a chance as any of their
companions. Others went ahead and
carried off the prizes, while they were
lying by the wayside dispirited aud
despondent. Il takes nerve, vim, per-
severance, patient continuance in we'll
doing, to win a great prize. And the
young man who goes into profession
without this plack and force will not
earn salt to his .porridge. lie will
drag along through life with the help
Of his friends, getting some credit with
them for being a well-meaninr man,
in delicate health and unlucky. The
real trouble il he lacks energy. This
i Just as true Of the minister a. Of the
lawyer Or physician. piesy i O.
enough II tho Greek aud
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29

Az interesting social event in Char
lotte, North Carolina, this fall, will be
the marriage Of a blind girl to a deaf
mute. The brides infirmity does not
impair the beauty Of her eyes, and
has not been suffered 20 hinder the
development Of her mind, while the
groom Is handsome and intelligent
man. After the first difficulties of an
introduction had been surmounted,
the conrlship is said TO have advanced
smoothly. and their mutual sympathy
and understanding are now so deep
that, when they are together, each
readily supplies the Others lack, and
their combined senses are equal TO any
emergency.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29

in the world will not qualify a man
for usefulness in the ministry. 1t
wants push, stamina, vigor, courage,
resolution, will, determination--in one
word, energy. II the youth knows a
little Greek, he knows what en- ergos
means, and without it DR.. PARIS
knowledge Of Greek will not help him
10 usefulness or success in the pulpit.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29

"WHAT are your politics r asked
the chaplain Of the Iowa penitentiary
Of an intelligent looking convict. Il
have not come out for anybody yet," "
replied the convict, gazing pIacidly
through the bars.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29
The Highest Lake In the World.
rron the Dsaver THbuus

From the Dsaver TnJaus.
The lake with the highest elevation
Of any in the world is Green Lake in
Colorado. Its surface is 10,252 feet
above the level Of the sea. Pine for.
csts surround IL, and eternal SHOWS
deck the neighboring mountain tops.
One Of these, Grays Peak, has an
altitude Of 1881 feet. The weter Of
Green Lake i as clear as crystal, and
large rock masses and q peiriiied for
est are distinctly visible at the bottom.
The branches Of the trees are Of daz-
aling whitencss, as though cut in mac.
bic. Salmon trout swim among them.
The lake Is 200 feet deep.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1881-09-29

48h haahiaa sui - 2
y
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1881-04-14
Mutilating His Tongue.
KINGSTON. Ont, April 4

KINGSTON. Ont, April 4.
FRANCOIS CLARION, a Frenchman, being i'm
pressed with the fact that he had made too
much use of his tongue, cut OF a portion of 1t
last evening. The bleeding was prcfuse. the
man becoming faint from the loss of blood be-
fore assistance was secured. He said that he
had talked too much and he was getting him
self into trouble. He had been told by some
person THAT he should have piece of his
tongue taken or" and he proceeded to adopt
the advice. He first took n razor to perform
the operation, but this was taken away from
him. After a time he took q common awl and
drove it through the tip of his tongue, split
ting the latter for about half an inch. He
next took a common jackknife and cut away
part of the papilla. While in frenzy from
his sufferings he attempted to hang himself,
but was saved by his wife. He was very de-
termined about cutting out his tongue. He
told a reporter that it caused him any amount
of difficulty, and he felt that it would be safer
to extract it, Since bis exploit he thinks he
didn't go about the business right, but IL he
had good instrument he believed he would
have succeeded. For many year, he has been
under the belief that the tongue Is the bane of
all evil, and for weeks he has refused to speak
q word.
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1881-04-14
MISSOURI STATE NEWS.
Missouri Press Association.


The following is corrected pro-
gramme of exercises for the seventeenth an
nual meeting of the Missouri Press Associa-
ton, which convenes on the 10th Of May, at
Jefferson City:
Association called to order at 10 q. m. by the
President, j. T.Childs.
Prayer by Rev. Il. w. Barrett.
Welcoming address by ii. Clay Ewing, of
Jefferson City.
response ny the President of the Associa-
ton. III
Enrolment of new members and appoint
ment OF committees.
AFTERNOON SESSION. r
Address by exGov. @. p. johnson, of st.
Louis.
Essay-'Woman in Journalism"-by Mrs.
Theodore ID. Fisher. of the Pennington Times.
Essay by Mai. John n. Edwards, of the Sc
dafia Democrat.
Miscellaneous business.
EVENING SESSION.
Ball and banquet at the Madison Honse,
given under the auspices of the Capital I'M
perial Club.
wEDNEsDAY-MORNINGs SESSION.
Ten O'clock-Prayer by Rev. MIR. Masker.
ADDRESS by ID. w. Wilder. of the st. Joe
Recitation by Miss Minnie L. RUSSELL of st.
Louis
Essay by R. P. Yorkston, of the Press Nercs.
Reports of committees, etc.
AFTERNOON SESSION.
Two o'clock-Poem by Eugene j. Ware. Of
Fort Scott, kans.
personnel of the Missouri Press Associa-
ton Eugene Field, of the Kansas City
Times.
Essay by Champ Clark, OF Bowling Green.
Election of officers and unfinished business.
Adjournment. ..ri
Excursion to Washington City and other
points. .L
Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1881-04-14
CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS.

APRIL 1.-Another day was spent by the
Senate in unfruitful discussion of politics,
past and present. Mr.. Lamar opened up with
II two hours speech upon the Senatorial stu
ton and the status of Southern politics. He
was followed by Mr.. Hoar on Southern re-
pudiation. particularly on reputation in
Mississippi. This brought out Mr.. George and
Mr.. Dawes and the whole subject Eugene
Hale took a hand, celebrating the difference
between the Maine and Mississippi plan of
self government, as he understood it. long
discussion ensued between Logan, Hill, Call
and Maxey on the subject of Southern out
RACES, and at times angry words passed be-
tween the Senators. The debate closed with
a sharp passage at arms between Messrs. Ma
hone and voorhees,, regarding an editorial
from Republican newspaper characterizing
Malone as renegade Democrat and a
"repudiationist' which Voorhees, during the
course of his speech had sent up to the Clerks
desk to be read. The following is an extract
from the official report:
Mr.. Malone. of Virginia rising unexpected
ly, said: I rise to ascertain whether l cor
rectly understand the Senator from Illinois
(meaning Indiana and Voorhees, as saying
the article which he had read from a PhiIadel-