The sun., 1881-11-20

have belonged to tho race which came from the
| Black Sea overran Germany and settled in the
southern part OF Sweden and In Norway. The
date OF the settlement OF the island. as well
as that OF the foundation OF its chief city. is
uncertain. In 1870 more than flfteen hundred
| coins wore found at one place in Gothland
most OF which were dated in the last hall OF the
first century after Christ. 1t is noteworthy that
| more than ten thousand Kuflc coins have also
| been discovered in Gothland. tho oldest dating
| from the seventh and the newest from the tenth
century. 1t is clear from their inscriptions that
these coins must have come from Bagdad.
Samarcand. Bokhara. and other Asiatic cities.
In Gothland have also been unearthed English
coins with badly executed faces Of AnGlo-Saxon
kings OF the ninth and tenth centuries. together
with rrsa. numbers OF German pieces bearing
representations OF bishops. cities. &C.. and be-
longing to the period last mentioned. In field
near Wisby Mr.. Du Chaillu procured q silver
coin which q farmer had Just poughc cd up. bear
ing the image Of tho Roman Emperor Com
modus.
There is no doubt that Wisby rose to great
commercial i'm mportance in the tenth, eleventh.
and twelfth centuries At that time most OF the
commerce OF the trade from India. Persia. and
Cena1 naiNad ~ fi11onnir = the old ron.n
through Egypt and Syria. came by the river
volga as far as Novgorod. and thence to Wisby
which thus became q sort ofVenice OF the North.
Some OF its merchants were enormously
wealthy and they are found in active correspond
ence with all parts OF Europe as we'll as with
tho East. Wisby in the height OF its prosperity
possessed within its walls not less than fifteen
churches and two cloisters. besides other &C.
elesiastioal edilces in the suburbs. ST. Maria.
said to have been consecrated in 1925. and tho
only church In Wisby where public worship is
now performed. is 40 feet long by rs wide.
st. Nikoaus. which was the largest church in
the city. but is now ruin, 10 1919 feet long By 65
in width. This remarkable city was several
times besicged. and notwithstanding its fortin-
cations. was finally taken by storm. in 1861. and
thencetorth long occupied by q Danish zarri-
son. The walls. now standing. were built in the
year 1888; thlrty-six towers wore erected by tho
inhabitants OF the island each county or parish
building ono.
Another interesting chapter which the reader
may like to glance at in connection with Goth
land is devoted 10 tho island OF GLAND which is
also rich in antiquities. Here are the RUNE OF
the great Castle OF Borgholm. which is men.
toned as early as 1880 and thirty years after
ward was occupied by Duke waldemar Of
Sweden and mis- consort Ingeborc Of Norway.
daughter of King Erik. who married the sister
of Robert Bruce Adjoining GLAND on the main
land is the province OF Smaland. many parts OF
which are barren. or covered with moorlands.
forests. and numerous lnkes There is only
ono inland town OF Importance. Vexio.
whose cathedral, built about A. ID. 1900. con-
tnins tho gravo OF st. Sigfried. ono OF
the apostles OF tho North. and n monu-
ment to the poet Tegncr. Tho largest
seaport town Of Smaand is Kalmar which
during henthcn times was great market
,l .,f,,
tho key to the whole OF southern Sweden
Among the many historical events which have
takon place within its walls was tho Diet OF
1882. when Skane Halland and Biosing sub
mitted to the Swedish crown on payment OF a
large indemnity to tho Duke OF Holstcin. In
1897 another Diet was held here. when the So
called kRlmar Union was concluded, which
provided thG. the threo kingdoms OF Denmark.
Norway and Sweden should always be united.
and have ono and tho sama king. This union
was substantially maintained up to 1921 when
1t WAS broken by tho first Wasa. From
Smaland Mr.. Du ChnillI made tour through
Bleking. one OF Sweden's most picturesque
provinces. celebrated all over the country for
the beauty OF its women. The author tells us
that oven the peasant girls raking In the fields
were often very handsome. possessing an ex-
quisi.e complexion. which. strange to say. was
no, DuIned By the sun. Skane. the most south
ern province OF Sweden. Is known as the gar
den OF Scandinavia. and embraces many lergs
estates belonging to tho old nobility. Many OF
the larger manor houses wero erected Is long
age rs tho middle OF tho fourteenth century.
when SkRne belonged to Denmark. Tho char
acter of tho Skanians. wa are told. contrasts
sinGularly with that OF their northern neigh
bors. Instead OF being h0 0t-bloodsd and quarrel
some. like the natives OF BlekinG. Smaland. and
nm. .F,- 4 l..
and good natured The peasants live well in
summer. during the harvest season. they eGt
not less than six meals . day.
Mr.. Du Chaiu spent some time In Ursela.
and naturally has good deal to tell US about
tho university. which had already been in ex-
istencs nearly four hundred years when it wgs
enlarged and reandowed by Gustavus Adophus
in 1913. Admission TO this seat OF learning is
lot mere form as is SO often tho ease with
German universities. for every undergraduate
must have passed a successful examination at
one OF the high schools. No man in Sweden
can be a clergyman. lawyer. or a doctor un-
loss he has graduated at Upsas or at Luud.
Here the students are still divided. according to
the medieval practice. into nations" accord
ing 10 the provinces to which they belong
each nation having building or suite o! rooms
Q. its own. used as a place OF meeting for the
ElcDpsr5. Inc young mon iOugs II appears, |
not in college buildings. but In different parts Of
The town. and lead the joyous life o; German
students. with this difference. that tho custom
Of duellinc is unknown. MIR. Du Chaillu OBJ
served that all the educated people whom he
met in Upsal, spoke English. and frequently
with sinking fuency and correctnesJ. At
L psala the author was present At remarkable |
dinner. whose bill OF fare could hardly have |
been surpassed in Paris. In anoth9r chapter
he eivos Us detailed account OF tho Smorgss.
or collection OF strange appetizers with which |
dinner in Swede- IS invariably pre-
reded. This 5.,minary feast is spread !
upon a little table called the smoTEas !
bord. and where the host is well to do almost |
Invariably includes the following: Galnt!es:
Smoked reindeer II eat. cut into email thin
slices; smoked selni- with poachei eggs:
tresh -aw sa.ulor. sliced. upon which salt had
bson put about an hour before, caviar; fried !
sausage: R sort % anchovy caught on the west !
ern coast; raw sailed Norwegian herring. s1-
ceediIEly fat cut into small pieces; silsallat.
made Of picked herring. small pieces of boiled |
ant at,1 ,v.fl