davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dillon tribune., 1881-04-30

LIGHT Al LAST.
NJ TIC rising Of the n"n" the same night
H.. was to st III ;.lon. in his junk, and
=. vr southwark until he should hear the
telling ut bell, which would IN the signal
I, him that the evil spirits that troubled
hi ~ " re len: calei back. Meantime
the astro'cgcr was to use al HIS cfftrts to
have the unruy spirits placed under lock
AM key. ~ hong as the bel, kept tolling
the fi.hcr,n' ~ WAS to keep his craft headed
south, hut III. moment the he'll ceased to
ring he was I" repeat 436 verses OF the
Great Teachers writings three times, and
then turn homeward rejoicing, and free
from spiritual thrailtiom. As soon as the
Trusting fisherman got afit'at and seized hi'
",y sweep with which to propel the junk
Into the stream, the astrologer tied COW
bell under the stern and sped away. The
The Hawaiian gazette., 1881-10-26

A wear q - since there was Foieo" oDt
q. Lost river, in Lake ecaaty, Ccl. Ranch
r.ea bad gathered fcr eSrcaif Of ssventy-6ve
-.Sles b. claim and brand their young eAiile.
and when = earsOa cf men hsd surrounded a
large hand, among which Was Spanish bull.
= Dispute arse about r,allst head, o.
calf. that has escaped the spring branding.
Tie diseSSsSoa grew warn, ncne Of the stick
cuae-s heSIg wiiiisS tsset up valid claim CT
establish an aaaeGbtea title. At last, in a
spirSt Il hr~vsic, = rSnchsr pCopOsed that
whoever would ride the hall without a saddle
~ halter. = o1l6 he declared owner e the
calf rkerr vas yell &C approval, hut not
gSneral stampede &C volunteers, for taurus
was in IN hrssor, AMI his fosninE mouth and
koo5Shcs cres gave tokea that whoever rsie
hira would have ride as wild as Asseppa's,
and os.e that uaight ros end 50 well At last
= vsccera's rarzed rrSek accepted the ehSl-
lcrce. ard the wild hall was Immediately
lxSSoei and held hy lAriss rOund born Ssd
fcos. DsSzsocatins froa HE hsrse, the va
Q1erc taStened his long rVwelea spurs
secarely. lied = handkerchief roand
his head. approached the Infatuated animal,
AID. sTaSpsns the tail IN bic hands, sprang
lightly q il. setting the spCTs deeply in lis
htpks as be settled securely in his seat The
lar11tS WIZ Ss@cAelcl- AuS DNAt NANc \ EONAE
os range and scEror, and sons his head to the
crornd b1t The rider bad his back to the
ho-us and srm grip % the tail, and kept bis
sezt- Anosher roar that shoek the ground.
q wild pluuse. and the -u4ddeued bull
shos ous scgUSs the szgs plain with lighting
Ss.eei. his plUcky rider twisting the tail that
Was To hia shees-anehsE until The below
izcs were loS; in the distspce. For over =
nile ana half the race eoalinned, zraid the
excited cheers Of the vsqosrOis comrades
o>xasSS-.s,y The bull gave desperate plunge
shrorgh the heavy elump Of sage, in the vain
attempt 10 nd himself q his torneniOT; but
the ioGg novels only elUng DqUS krDly To his
tanks. Sometimes tie animal and rider were
hsdGea by 0Sinla,Soas in the gr0end, and bets
were svsa zz1ie shss Frick Wezld he thrown
and s0-pd and ~ last the ball, exhausted
frOa shear fright. fell, and the plRcky vague
10, sssp2ei lightly oS, returned to claim bis
prize. which was unanimously awarded.
This occurrence i related by prominent
cattle asu in Lake county, who ventures the
opi-ioa that no scene in = Spanish hall ring'
was ever hal - wild OF exciting.
The Hawaiian gazette., 1881-10-26
ADznPeaz.nt-

Asza exzDSls e IL i-szsscs e tie Jews
1-u1sE tie igzosS1f Rzssiza Pe1SlziTy, The
;slICE5-E eAzrzcss-isSSs SAT- VS. tod 70 Ne
II Jsv. and Is so-sa< Sslz1as q sxElznz-
ticz- peasant Eoes 70 . SST N Al z3laiE-
izE village and asks r. TIE lean X > TOzble 20
hay To5kz Ths geE co1ss1-s . ls93 ths
Tc-H1s, Ezs rsstzIrss sssczTIty AID cze-s - tzse
tie Fslsszs's shsspskia eoas n FzEa- lie
rssszns rs11rzs f1- Is cuzt and gives L 70 The
Jew n s1rAazEs 10 r0-tls- .T1s latter,
hoEsTsr. lszis The rCzt5s ca tie ssclriiy Z
TIE sbseFskia uzly Il tie zzG1l lee Pr esai
i1tz-ES. and tssLs IL peasant ti-zt EEz1 BE
crS1zs . clziz Il o1zi x Ezxs pay back tie
russlls Isrs aid zucstae- ruzbls hes53ss fgr tie
lean lis ths pezsans E1isEsi115s, aid g1sS
Away viEh the T1ztls- Before hs gets lar
away tie Tsr calls hin back and SAYS:
Tkzl A i5i1s yoz are GiFe Ne bzck noE
III rcztss Eiich Eavs j1st EiEsa rol. a. To1
Vii c-iF srszi i al IN 6TEns AM F01 NIL then
have Ouly see TCubis 70 psT n VIA y01 eo2s
foT E0ar oo1t-
Tee Fs@szz-, c0zp1eszly tskez Il hy Ehis
lzE5c, gives hack IL Tu1tle ard -0ss ho1E 70
Is fTie15s Ehea K hzs I'D fhs- zbzi h
hzE Gr1z- s1ze cze ezelsiras= -HoE i i
tEzs yoz b-zzg n7sh5zs bsskz TSz b-5ag -
Ezzsy, % Es5kl, ga s;ill eve tie Tss a
rysIt5s, aid voz hsTe lost Tszr eoaf." z5s
6sE Qszszzi sc-z--les his I'D z1d replies :
I rally 51z't kzoE myself bo= Z has bssa
Goos- b-s the JeE US Fs-fecsiy right 4 his
czIezizrs1zs = Lozdzz 7Ezzs
The Hawaiian gazette., 1881-10-26

as FOLLOWS:
AIpacas, Black and COlOred;
Linens, White, Brown and Figured;
Fissues. White. Brown and Eeru:
Ribbons, Velvet. Silk, Satin d BrOcaded
Edgings and Insertions, Laces,
Damask, Red, White, Green and Yellow
TablecOTers;
Merinos in all COlOrs,
Ornaments of the Latest Styles,
Silks and sstins, Plain and BrOcaded;
Embroidery. SIX, Linen and Cotton;
Shirts, White ard COlOredi
1Eitts-BIack and COlOrsd, fer Ladies and
CbHdrsni
Embroidered Handkerchief,
Linen Towels,
Lace Ties and Shawis.
IDfaut Dresses,
Sak Fringes and Buttons.
AsIAx xoE CONSTANTLY RECEIVING
The Hawaiian gazette., 1881-10-26

Mr. C. Belf, he y0zzE E-EiisA scnlPt0-,
1zrgy great Pct q = tie nntiiiSE and gss-
IT" q Ezgizr5, and &C q fh= E7sz s1ouess-
n Z -no5e-1 E1Tks-s = clsT- Vbsa- = by
h ~ ezploye5 n very E9tss- czpaSiEy
aE1ve-rze-s os5re c1zreese.5 =irs The Hess
Ct CczzczE, ard Ks hzE51e Gzties gzTe hiz
Flszsy e Ghzacss to sszdy ths fsces & sfzieszsa
and lsizislzf1rs- One dzT he Fzssed the cIock-
sc4e- Ct tie hozsss q PzrfsIs,ezs ui.ere so1s
Eorkzez Ee-s tzsy -iith rs7.zirz-- 4 fTzgDszt
rrr-ess-tTrg the had c CEEsT5st had fsIIss 10 he
greed, zzd lfr.ie Belt ricke3 ( p EooSsTing
EEzsher be crz6 z1< pro6Ece s12eIzEzg
s7zl7sr Tie ssrzezzzssz ck5ecess 70 The
ezrTyz-E sEzEo q TIE FSscc zrless Bat FE0-
raseS q SIR LIZ lis f-sszsei TerEo1zefiua
TIE Id 81 q Eorx Nth the Enss pr1-z7t5Ire
t1c1s-Fzzs fc- TIE kz5r sz6 In zzsIs fcr lie
features and With these p-o1zsed = pe-fecs
crFy n szz5sso1s- LAZY Azzrstz Stzriey
hzpCs-s g be1r e ths b5y's taleat z1d drsE
bsT hzstzrris altazi1a % l. The g7.d Dean
f---ss5zztsiy r-oczre5 EEiIIed inssrze<ic1 frr
lie yuz-E s-zlpE1-, -A1 Is today oTsrpbel-
wrS Ezzzh rclmssfsi1zs. III Beis Il hzz-
s1ze TCzzg fslIgU. VII Eas hsad and >
brgizsh flss-
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26

Herr Most COnvicted-Sentenc De-
ferred.

LONDON, May 25.-The prosecution of
Herr Johana Most, the publisher of the
Socialist journal, Fretheit, on the charge of
melting to murder, was opened at the Cen
tral Criminal Court to day. A. NJ. Sulli-
van, NJ. P, appeared for the defense. Sir
henry James, on behalf OF the Crown, said
there was not the slightest desire
to check free discussion in the
press. On the contrary, this prose-
cution was brought to preserve that free
dom. The article published in Freihet,
on which indictment against the prisoner
was founded, must be, be said, regarded as
a direct threat to the present Emperor of
Russia of his fathers fate. He referred to
other articles in Freiheit as showing the
animus of Herr Most. Among the papers
found upon the prisoner was memoran-
dunn that "Trleste is a safe address for the
storage OF dynamite" Mr.. Sullivan raised
a number of technical objections relative to
the Jurisdiction of the court.
Mr.. Sullivan's argument, that the persons
whose murder Herr Most was charged with
iDstigating were outside of the protection
of the British courts, was overruled by Lord
Coleridge. the presiding Judge. Mr.. SulIi-
van further argued that the statute against
melting to murder dl0 not apply 10 vague
newspaper invective. He said If Herr Most
were guilty then the works of Shakespeare
and Byron ought to be indicted for melting
to tyrannicide.
The jury was absent from the court room
twenty eight minutes, and returned with a
verdict of guilty on all the counts, but
recommended the prisoner to the mercy OF
the court on the ground that he is a for
eigner. The sentence of the court is de-
ferred pending argument on the second
point raised by Mr.. Sullivan, that the statute
against melting to murder does not apply to
newspaper invective.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
Arab HumOr.
Temple Bar.

Many of the most amusing stories in
Arabic literature turn upon verbal quib-
bles, which are of course, IN most cases,
the jest goes equally we'll in foreign
languages, as, for instance, when a man
with a harsh voice was reading the
Koran aloud at a mosque door, and a
passer-by asked what he was reading for,
II am reading for Gods sake" said the
fellow. "Then for Gods sake hold
your tonguep was the reply. A story
is told of Ell Mehdi, that being out hunt
ing one day he came upon the hut of an
Arab, who set some simple fare before
him, but supplemented it with bottle
of wine. The Caliph drank glass and
said: "Oh, brother of the Arabsl do
you know who am?" mo, by Allahl'
was the reply. 81 am one of the
personal attendants of the Com.
mander of the Faithful" II congratu-
late you on your post" said the other.
Tossing off another glass, El Mehdi re-
peated the question, and the Arab re-
minded him that he had just told him
he was one of the Caliph's suit. MAY"
said El Mehdi, but l am one of his
principal officers" II wish you ioy."
said the Arab. After a third glass the
Caliph again began: "Oh, brothe cot
the Arabs do you know who Iam?"
"You say you are one of the Commsnde
of the Faithful's chief officers. answer a
the Arab. 'No, sir" said e. mehii.
Il am the Commander of the Faithful
himselfp The Arab, on hearing tais,
quietly took the bottle of wine from the
table and put it away, with the senten-
tious remark: "If you were to drink
another glass you would declare that
you were the Prophet himselfr'
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
SOUTHERN PRESBYTERIANS.
The Assembly at StaunIOn-The
synod of South Georgia Recon-
mended.

STAUNToN, Va, May 25.-At the meeting
OF the General Assembly last night the
establishment of a new synod was recon-
mended, to be known as the Synod of South
Georgia. In answer to an overture of the
Montgomery PresbyterY, asking for infor-
nation as to whether the deliversnce of the
Assembly of 1877 on dancing had been re-
pealed or affected by subsequent action, the
committee stated that 1t had In no wise
been altered.
At the session to-day reports were made
approving the accounts of the various per-
manent committees. The Committee on
Seminaries made a report indorsing
the election of DR.. Palmer, Of
New Orleans, to the chair of Pastor of
Theology in the Columbia Seminary. 1t
also recommended the restoration by the
assembly of the ownership and control OF
the Columbia Seminary to the SYnods of
South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama.
A long and animated debate ensued on
the propriety of DR.. Pslmer's leaving New
Orleans, which was participated in by DIR.
Girardeau, DIR. Wilson and other prominent
commissioners. No definite action was ar
rived at. DR.. Schenck, of the Presbyterian
Historical Society, of Philadelphia, and DR..
Hoge, of Richmond, addressed the Assem-
bly, on the Importance of its co ope-
ration with the Historical Society
In the preservation of the records
and statistics of the church.
at the evening session resolution, draft
ed by DR.. Dabney, was introduced, setting
forth the duty Of the Assembly to put an
end to divinity students attending Northern
institutions Instead of Union and Columbia
Seminaries, was adopted.
The Judicial case OF Rev. w. s. Turner,
of Georgia. was discussed, but no vote was
taken up to the time of adjournment.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
TENNESSEE'S DEBT.
Points of the Injunction Laid ON
the Funding Board.

NASHVILLE, May 25.-A bill was served
on the Comptroller yesterday by the Sheriff
of this county enjoining the Funding Board
from carrying out the requirements of the
par and per cent. funding act.
The bill alleges that the Mineral Home
Railroad bonds, issued for war interest and
war purposes, were Illegally issued; that
the funding act was procured by bribery;
that members of the Legislature were specu
latiDg in Tennessee bonds when the act
passed, and that one member received
$4,000, and another $4,000 for voting for
the act. The bill further charges that the
act Is unconstitutional because It appro-
PIRATES revenue for ninetY-nine years, while
the constitution prohibits appropriations for
longer than two years Also because it confers
judicial powers on executive officers to pass
upon the legality of bonds. That by the
coupon feature the school fund is diverted
from its legitimate purpose. That 1t pro-
vides for funding bonds held by certain
bondholders, but eXcepts bonds held by
charitable and educational institutions
That the act fails to recite In its caption or
otherwise the title or substance of the law
repealed, revised or amended. That 1t re-
peals the section of the act of March, 1873.
prohibiting the reception of anything but
Treasury warrants, gold and silver United
States Bank notes and old issue of the banks
OF Tennessee for taxes, by making the cou-
pons receivable for taxes.
The bill further alleges that the act is am
biguous, and asks for a construction of
act by the courts. The bill of Injunction
was presented to Judge Williams, at Win
chester, and q fiat granted on the 20th of
May. Comptroller Nalan, one of the mem
beJs of the Funding Board, says no action
will be taken to dissolve the injunction until
the return of State Treasurer Polk and Sec
retary of State Mum.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
THE COFFEE WE DRINK.
when This Popular Beverage Came
Into Use and the Struggle It Had.

We all drink coffee, says an English
society paper, and yet probably few of
us know, or are curious to learn, how
and when this popular beverage came
into use. But, as in the case of other
things in general demand for the
table, it is worth while to have
some acquaintance with their introduc-
ton and history. AS regards coffee,
1t seems ever to have found
place in England during the
reigns of Elizabeth and the first
James-reigns so prolific in discov-
cry, and so marked by additions to
what we eat and drink. 1t had been
heard of. for Lord Bacon, in a passage
which DR.. johnson quoted in his die.
tionary. says: "They have in Turkey
drink called coffee, made of berry of
the same name, as black as SCOT and of
strong scent. but not aromatical, which
they take beaten into powder. in water,
as hot as they can drink it. This drink
comforteth the brain and heart and
helpeth digestion" The earliest account
of its actual use in this country is said
to be that given by Anthony A. Wood,
who tells us that zone Nathaniel
Canopius, native of Crete, and
resident in Balliol College, Oxford,
which he quilted in 1648, was in the
habit of using a beverage called 'coffey,'
which he prepared for himself, being
the first of that kind, as the ancIents of
the house declared, that was ever drank
in Oxon." We learn from the same
author that Gin 1850, Jacob. Jew,
opened coffey house at the Angel, in
the parish of st. Peter-iu-the.E East, Oxon,
and there it was, by some who delighted
in noveltie, drank. In 1924 Cirques job
son, a Jew and a JacObite. born near
Mont Tihanus. sold coiIeY in 0xoB,
arc n 1860 arthur Tllyard, apcthecary,
sold codey publicly in his house against
All 5oules College. The coffey
house continued TIL His Majestie's
returne and after, and then became
more frequent and had an excise
put upon coIfey." An English work,
based upon Beckma1n's History OF In
venuons. mentions some of the pre-
ceding details, and adds from "a New
View of London, published in 1908, the
record that zone James Farr, a barber,
who kept the coffee house which is now
The Rainbow, by the Inner Temple Gate,
one of the Oldest in England, was, in the
year 1857, presented by the inquest of
st. Dunstan sin the West for making
and selling sort Of liquor coffee, to
the great nuisance and prejudice of
the neighborhood. Who could then
have thought London would ever have
had near three thousand such nuisances,
and that coffee would have been, as now,
so much drank by the best of quality
and physicianI 1t is further stated that
the first mentioned coffee in our statute
books occurs in the year of the restora-
ton of King Charles IL, 1860; but this
proves how rapid and great had been the
increase in its consumption. There is
ample evidence of its having been in
common use very soon after the date
Just mentioned.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
ON AND ABOUT THE ISTHMUS.
Trouble Over n Treaty-The Work
ON the Canal.

PANAMA, May 17.-SOme excitement ex-
lists in Bogota over the terms of the proto-
col to the treaty of 1916 between Colombia
and the United States, recently signed by
Senior Santo Domingo Villa and Mr.. Evarts
in New York. 1t is said to cede to the
United States privileges which are unaccep-
table to the Colombian Congress IL the mat
ter of building forts, establishing naval
stations on the isthmus, the passage of
American ships of war through the canal,
etc. The information on the subject here
is still unreliable, but 1t seems the President
is disposed to make many concessions to
the United States and to yield to American
influence In the matter of the canal in q
way quite exasperating to the majority In
Congress, who are decided partisans of NJ.
De Lesseps.
10 canal matters all is quiet. The surveys
are being prosecuted slowly, but the alb
sence of NJ. Blanchet, the moving spirit in the
enterprise, has thrown a decided damper on
the energy and spirit with which operations
were formerly pushed. Quantities of mate
rial constantly arrive-machinery, etc., as
well as laborers from Carthagena, Port ST.
mon and Jamaics-and as soon as the work
ing plans are ready the men and the tools
will be ON the ground. There Is q total
lack of enthusiasm concerning the affair
and these people, always quick to take i'm.
pressions from what they see on the surface
of such enterprises, are much disgusted
with the slow going, painstaking, econ0mi-
cal Frenchmen. They admit that IL 1t were
a Yankee company which had the under
taking of the job, much more would have
already been accomplished, more money
spent and five times the amount of work
accomplished.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
HESSEY HELFMANN DEAD.
A Horrible Tale of Torture In a
Russian Prison.

The Paris Intransigeant, ,on the strength
of letter from st. Petersburg, announces
that at o'clock on the morning of the
10Th inst, just four days after the birth
of her child, Hessey Helfmann, whom
everybody supposed to be alive. and
awaiting the pleasure of Alexander Ill,
was dead. 1t is said she had been
tortured daily in the most fiendish
manner to wiring confessions from her.
Night after night she was awakened
and warned that the hour for her exeeu-
tion was near. For several days in sue
cession she was literally strung up, and
cut down only just in time to keep her
alive On the morning of the 10th the
hanging process is said to have lasted too
long, and when Hessey was cut down it
was discovered that she had been stran-
gled to death. The IaatrGnsigeant adds
that the indignation and excitement in
st. Petersburg is immense. The troops
have been forbidden to leave the bar
racks on any pretense, and a revolu-
tionary movement is anticinated
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
The Marriage Question.
Pail MaH Gazette.

1t is significant of the change which is
passing over the European conceptions
of life and of morality that at the present
moment nearly every Legislature in Eu-
rope is more or less preoccupied with the
marriage question. In Hungary they
have just legalized the marriage Of Jews
and Christians, and are discussing
the introduction of obligatory civil
marriage In Denmark the Folke-
thing has been discussing the re-
marriage of divorced persons. In
Spain the Sagasta Ministry is busted
about the re-establishment of civil mar
riages NJ Naquet's bill for legallzing
divorce was defeated short time ago by
the French Chamber, which is now call
ed upon to deal with proposals legalizing
the marriage of brothers-in-law with
their sisters-in-law and the marriage of
priests. In Italy the divorce question
has been brought before the Legislature
by proposal to sanction divorce
when either the husband or the wife
has been condemned to penal servi-
tude for life, and to convert a legal sep
aration into a divorce when three years,
in the case of childless marriages, or five
years, if there are children, have elapsed
without reconciliation after the judg-
ment of separation was pronounced. By
this proposal every separation de
corps would ripen into divorce by lapse
of time. 1t will be interesting to see
how so drastic proposal will be reoeiv-
ed by the Italian Chamber.
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
LOcusts in North Carolina.

The Charlotte On. c. Observer an
nounces the appearance of the seventeen
year locusts in that vicinity by millions,
and that they are eating up eyerv green
thing 1t says they cover the Landscape
over with their yellowish. brown damask
wings like summer busters on parlor fur.
niture. They come. millions upon mil
lions. they come. From every direction
they call to each other, "Come over and
help us eat them up" The woods are
filed with them; the ground alive with
them. Farmers from every section of
the country bring reports about them.
They do not seem to be alarmed, how
ever, the only expression of uneasiness
being the remark, made by one of
them, that the noise they make
annoyed him. 1t is like the sound
Of escaping steam. There are con-
aicting opinions, however, IN regard to
their destructive tendencies. One man,
who has observed their effect on for
mer occasion, predicts that in several
days the trees will begin to assume their
late aspect of wintry barrenness, but
that the crops will not be hurt by them.
Some few say they will eat up every
growing thing The majority view them
with curiosity merely and anticipate no
damage whatever,
Savannah morning news. [volume] (Savannah) 1868-1887, 1881-05-26
The Electric Railroad

Tho electric railroad" reported by
cable TO be in successful operation &C
Berlin is the invention of the electrician
Siemens, who has made 800, 600, 600 cut
of various inventions, owns the cable
laying steamer Faraday, and makes
quantities of cable in England and Ger
many. Mr. Brooks, a prominent elec-
trician of Philadelphia, explains the
Siemens electric road as follows:
''The way he runs his road is some
thing like this: The only insulation of
the rails, suppose. is by wood tires,
which is enough for what is called a
quantity current that is to say, a cur
rent which does not overcome resistance
and jump from place to place like light.
ming. Steam engines stationed along
the road run the motors. One rail
is charged by one pole and the opposite
rail by the other A machine on the Car
gathers up the electricity by brushes
turned by the positive aud negative cur
rents coming into play alternately. The
great trouble has always been tnat there
is so much waste of power. owing to
the want of delicate adjustment in the
machine. They have never been able to
get more than about forty-five per cent.
of the power. If DIR. Siemens has been
able to get eighty or ninety rer cent. it
is great thing, and, on small scale,
will do away with all the noises, much
of the wear and tear and no little of the
danger now attending steam railway
travel. On the electric railway there is
no dirt, no danger of explosions and ne
noise but the rumble of the wheels on
the rails. The only successful applica-
tion of electricity to this purpose in this
country has been in toy locomotives
for children run by magnets, but the
idea and principle are exactly the same
in both cases.