davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1881-06-26

store, 50 by $50 feet Adams street and Fifth
avenue to cost S113,0o0: F. II. Winston,
four-story store and dwelling, 30 BY G1 feet.
MS West Madison street, to cost 81 ,01o.
The following building-permits were issued
yesterday: r. T.. GOff, fnur-story. basement.
and attic factory. 70 by 55 feet, Nos. II to II
Canal street, to cost $4,000; William Gill
1nan, four-story and basement factory, ~
by p feet. l09 Fulton street, to cost $1,000;
II: Copeland, two-story and basement dwell
ing, u by 53 feet, 7l3 West, Congress street,
and basement sts,re and dwelling, p by 80
feet, 52G West Madison street, to cost $4,000;
August kowalski. tw'-story, basement: and
attic dwelling, 20lh BY 20 feet, G06 Noble
street, to cost S. 100; John Knopc, one-story
cottage, Mohawk. near Sophia, 10 cost 81, 600.
The Philadelphia Ledger describes good
example for builders: ''Just west Of the new
Post-Oliice Building, Chestnut street, a large
building is to be erected for the proprietor of
the Public Record, as publication office.
LII preparing the site for building operations
Il structure of considerable magnitude 1.-THE
old Markoe House) had to be taken down,
anu in this there was large quantity of
bricks available for new walls; but those
wilo pass that locality. either on foot or on
wheels, do not see tile huge, ulsiglltly. always
of bricks and lumber that usually iNlnber
the highways on such occasions. The bricks
AIT! other materials are piled on the lot itself,
and the highway is lett un0bstrl1cted and
free from danger as before. This proves that
building operations can be carried On with
out incunAUering the streets anu tresl,ass ing
OIL the rights of other prople in the vicinity.
and all who have to pass the localities where
such operations are going 0n.''
, 1881-06-26
BUILDING IN NEW YORK,

4 New York dispatch states that the de-
mand in that city for bricklayers and masons
is so great that men might have been seen at
Castle Garden eager to hire any brlck1ayers
that might be among the immigrants. Wages
have advanced to ST per day, and builders
eager to finish contracts on hand before the
winter sets in are unable to obtain the neces-
sary help. Since the beginning Of spring
there has been large force of men engage
i'll tearing down old houses and preparing tor
the erection Of improved buildings. The brisk
condition of the building trade in Boston,
Philadelphia, and rs far west as Cincin nnti
prec1udts all hope Of relief from these quar-
tiers. 1t is proposed BY some leading builders
tn subscribe 5000, and tn offer all advance
of $40 apiece to 500 nlasons in Great Britain,
if they can be induced to emigrate.
, 1881-06-26

The following is the total amount of city
and suburban transfers within a radius Of
seven miles nf the Courthouse filed for
record during the week ending Saturday,
, 1881-06-26
ia SALLE STREET.

We are informed that the action of the
Council in yacating La Sale street for the
new Board of Tratie will be promptly fol-
lowed BY litigation to prevent the vacation
from being consnmnlated. This action will
be taken by owners of banking and Of
fee property adjoining the present Board OF
Trade. 1t has not yet been fully decided
who Will bell the cat, nor in just what way
it will be done, but it is probable that an in
junction will be applied for, and that the
legal fight will be carried on in the United
States Courts. In carrying out this program
La Sale street property-oWners are taking Il
great risk. They may by delays prevent
the Board Of Trade from occupying the
south end Of LII Sale street, but they cannot
prevent it from moving somewhere, il it is
determined to 20. La Sale street property
will be worth a great deal more with the
Board OF Trade at the south end Of tile
street than with the Board On some other
street. What xill these objectins La Sale
street litgallts think of their sllrewtlness if
the result OF their tactics is that the Board OF
Trade finally leaves La Sale street alto
getller? There are other locations that it can
secure. 1t could 70 III jackson street east
Of the Custonl-lIouse. There are several
other eligible sites.
, 1881-06-26
EPISCOPAL.

nlVlNE SERVICES WILL BE HELD
IL to-tluy in the following churches:
, 1881-06-26

THE REV. ". IL RYDER WILL PREACH
nt 1850 in the Church Of tile Nedecncr corncr
Washington ana Sangamon-s.s.
THE kLv. ". =. CROW breaches THIS
Et.hteetlth-aI-
TIE NEW EF1vEKSA1.IST CI1URCu III ESGLE-
Nuud will be dedicated this afternoon ut ) o'clucx
The lser. Dr. ryder Will preach the sermon.
, 1881-06-26

TIE REV f. !. GltLvjE WILL PREACH IN
lU:15 Il. | '
Till. REV BROOKE HEREFORD rREACHES IN
tue ChuIch Gf tile Messiah. corner Mfch,nn-uy. and
Twenty y-th1fd-sL, ut 1u:15 H. m.
THE itEy: G. C. atiLS breaches THIS
WultOn-place.
, 1881-06-26

THE REV. CHARLES II. EVEREST breaches
morning and evening III Plymouth Church, on Mchi-
En1-AV-. south Of Twenty -tfth-st
THE REV. T.. + WILLIAMS breaches MORN
inE and evening In the South Church. curner Drexel-
aV nnd Fottieth-st-
THE REV: +. 4. NOBLE, D. b., WILL PREACH
morning and evening in the Union Park Church cor
ncrn west Westinghouse and Ashland-av.
THE REV: ARTHUR LITTLE Will PREACH
morning unu evening In the New England Church,
corner ot DearboEn-ny and rnrk-plnce.
IllEi HEY Il. r. LF1AFITf WILL PREACH
nnrntnE nsd evening In Lincoln PARK Church. corner
OF Suphl anu MObaw1-st3.
TIL. REV. EvAKTS KENT WILL PREACH
nnrnnG and evening tn Clinton Street Church, cor
ner or Clinton and Wtl%Dn-st4.
TIE REV; {. 4. TOWLE WILL PREACH A1o1tS-
and West Hurun-sts. -
ff;oE: WILCOX breaches MORNING AND
eVen'n@at the Westcrn-uv. Mission. near Tolk-st
THE REV. a. MONROE BREACHES MORNING
Twentie;h-st. md Ashland nv.
THERE WILL. BE SERVICES MORNING AND
evening At the LeaFitt Street Church.
TIE REV. Il. p. GOODWIN BREACHES MORN
tnE and evening Mt the First Church.
Int. KEY. JOHN G. G,DnAltD BREACHES
morning anu evening ut the WesterI-av. Chapel.
, 1881-06-26
BUILDING.

The building proposed by the Board OF
Trade'for their new La Salle street location
will cost 81, ,0W, 900, which is already virtual
iy pledged to the stock of the Building AS
sociation, which viii be organized TO eyude
the restrictions Of the Boards charter. Com
petitive plans will be called for, and reward
of 5000 will be offered for the plan to be
finally accepted, and $1,000 aud $1,000 re-
spcctively for the rejected second and third
best ones. The details, after the acceptance
Of the plans, will, Of course. not be known
lor SONG time yet The building is to cost
la feet wide by III long,-with 4 thirty-foot
court ruppillg east and west FROM Pacific
avenue to Sherman street,-ald will occupy
the northern portion of the block bounded by
Jackson street on the north, Van Buren OH
the south, Pacific avenue On the east, ard
Sherman stteet oil the west. The southern
portion Uf the block will be occupied by Mr.
Scouts elegant ottice building, win the court
referred to separating tile two structures.
TIE TlII;GNi: OF Saturday contained 4
full description OF the new Iiayeriy's Theatre
now being built OIL Monroe street. opposit
iI1 ne site recently occupied by Mr: llayerly.
Inc building Is being CONSTRUCTED by John
Is. Carson. OF Quincy, ILL.,, and j. II. llaver-
Is, and The latter will manage the theatre it
is to be completed by Sept. l, and will be
opened about Sept. IL, PROBABLY with Slaks-
pearcan or other l!iell-class and legitimate
- t@''"' ~. osct4 Snub 10 tnc iIcillicti. illQ
tile cost OF the structure will be fully $l5O,-
u0O
Building is less active. Last week the De-
par{lnett Ut buildings issued permits for ia
new structures. Which will cost abnlt Ss;;;.:;-
oo9 LII the large building permits OF tic
week were those TO T. Wacker t. Son, for all
elevator, 40 by 20 feet, West Indiana! street,
near DesplailIeS, IL cost Sl5,U0J; H. Bots
ford: 1flree-story and basement store and
dwelling, II BY 10, 40, 2s,. and a44 Thirty
!l'st street, to cost $:A00J: Thomas IIuynp,
four-Story anu cascinc1lt store. ~ by JS feet
:ls Lake street, IT. cost S10: :UoJ; Chicago West
Division Railway Company, twu-s1Ury brick
UaTn III b,' III feet, Fe:ciila1ni ami f.eavitt
streets. to Gust S20, ,0G0; Evangelical Lutheran
Association of North America. lor Il brick
church, ~ by 10 feet, West Twelfth ami
Union Streets to cost Sl2000; Mrs c. u.
AcCasg, tlye-stoEy stone store, 4S BY IC0 feet,
Adams street and Fifth avenue, to cost S4S,-
NJ; +. II. Sheldon, fYe-5tory stUue-fruut |
, 1881-06-26

THE REV, G. Z. SEEDHAM WILL. PREACH
this morning in tue Chicago Avenue Church. corner
I SA11est. EvauEe. .istic services this evening by
MesssS. Needhau, Cnse. and Miller.
PROF. DAVID SWING BREACHES IN CEN
tral Muslc-A1u 1T IL L. m.
, 1881-06-26

Steady progress is being made By the Chi
cago & Western Indiana Road in Obtaining
the right of way for their belt road. The
Chicago l. Western Belt Railway Company
have thrown the first dirt. They have put u
force Of graders to work on a portion Df the
located route, extending from the Chicago &
Western Railroad. oppost South Chicago,
along Scventy-tifth street to the tracks Of
the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis Rail-
way, now the intersection Of that line with
the Wabash. The distance between these
TWO roads is about three miles. This link of
the projected belt road, it is announced,
will connect at the east end with the South
Chicago branch Of the Chicago !; Western
1ndi;1na Railroad. The projectors state that
track-laylng will be commenced On the see
ton now being graded in about ten
% tie chicaso @ Dct Hs' Rairoad sSf G"Mpany, Gc"pany,
is reported to have contracted with p B.
Shumway for the construction of a belt road
around the city, with rourtl-house. stations,
and warehouses;. The contract is said to
call, also, for twenty locomotives. The
representatives Of this company have petit
toned tile Cicero Trustees for the use of
Koblnson avenue, and have offere to give
O,o00 bond TILT work would commence
within ,: ten days after the passage Of the or
plttrd within sixty days the reaftcr. The
right of way in Hyde Park. about five miles
in length, has been obtained, aud large water
facilities have been secured from Il. u.
Mteker, who now controls the Calumet
Canal d Dock Compacy.
OUR WHOLESALE DISTRICT.
Chicago's wholesale district Of the future
was described as follows by La Snllc street
landowner III recent communication to the
Common Council:
The wholesale business will ere long
reach Van Buren, street on Market untl
franklin streets and Fifth avenue; thence
extend eastward on the line Of Van l}uren
aud Jackson streets to Wabash avenue, and
thence march southwark to Twelfth street,
and ultimately occupy the district included
between the nortll line of Twelfth street,
south line Of Van Buren, street, and having
Wabash avenue for its eastern and Clark
street for its western boundary. This is cer-
talily the natural course for the expansion
alnt growth Of this very important and rapid
y Increasing branch of the city'S trade, anu
the district INDICATED should be now kept
tree from railroad intrusion as well as Cila1l.-
Der Of Commerce building, and what powers
the Council ll;.re should be exerted to this
, 1881-06-26

CitE&lSIIl4N*
THE REV, J. H. WRIGHT WILL PREACH Ty
the Western Avenue Church n1urn1n.: and evening.
TIE: KEW. j. ". ALLEN Will PREACH NORM
Ing nHd evening IN the South. Side Church Fraire-
uy-. corner Thirtieth-st
THE REV. o. u. BURGESS PREACHEs MORN
Ing and evening in the First Church corner Ind!aua-
and TwentY-hfth-st.
- suSnAY-sCIIUOLC CONCERT WILL BE GIVEN
this evening tn the Suuth side Churrt rnrner
rFalric-av. aud TArttcth-st.
, 1881-06-26

THE REV. c. K0EKNER WILL PREACH MORN
ing and evening In the church VI the Holy Trinity,
curner OearbUrn-aY and Erie-st
THE REV ". ASI1MEAD SCHAEFFER WILL.
preuch THIS morning In the Wicker Park Church,
corner HOyne-ay. and Le NOyne-sL
, 1881-06-26

THE REV. II. T.. MlI.LEK Will rREACla
morning and evening In the sixth CtErch. cDrnes
Vincennss. . aad 1ak-avs- Morning subject; Tue
THE REV. ". E. MERR1MAS. D Pr Of hosToS
Alichisan-av. and Twenttetn-st Deacon WiliaFo VIII
missionary in the Five FONTS. New YORK City. will
preach in the mission Of the Fullerton Avenne
Church, corner Southport and belden-oFs' II ~
D. ...-....... ....... .-- -
THE REV. d. II. wooLLEF PKEAcIEs IN
Uniun Hall, corner Mautson-st- and Cu4ltosna-aV-'
at p. M
THE REV. ]. ii. woR1sAtl,, 2. D.. PREAcHE
this morning and evening in the E-l,rh Church. cor
uer Of Washington uud kobey-sts.
TILE REV. F. C. OGGEL PREACHES IN TIL
snns sspee1 Kas 'a IN
Win Infant baptsm-" Evening; The World 10.
Christ"
PROF. F. ": FISK, D.. D., pREACHEs TIL
l4y Safest. by c. II. Morton.
THE REV.. A. E. E1TTKEDGE breaches I:
the Third Church ut lU:3o !. M and 7:a5 m- EFentn
subject. "The Life Everlasting"
THE RET. JAMES MACl.A UGHLAN PREACHEs
in the Scotch Church. corner Sangumon ntat Adam
sts.. morning unc evening"
TEE REV. II. JOHNSON, D. D., PREACHE
morning and evening in tho Fourth Church. corne
Hush and Superor-sts.
THE REV: j: E. WIsHARn PREACHEs TIL;
morning In the Fifth Church. corner 1ndiana-av. and
Thrt etn-st.
THE REV D. s. GREGORY breaches MORN
ing and evening Ia Jefferson Park Church. curoe
Throop and Adalns~sts
Ing and evening In the Fullerton aveuue Churca
corner North Clark-st-
THE REV. ]. II. WALKER WILL PREACH
this morning ind evening In the Campbell PaEh
Church, corner OF Leavitt-st-
TILE REV. ARTHUR SWAZEY. D; D.. PEACHES
at lU:i5 a. N. In the Forty-drst street Church.
, 1881-06-26

THE REV. r. DE CHARMS. Of DENVER. WI.
preach Lincoln Park Chapel At II T. und In tn
Union F4rk Temple ut p. IN.
THE: REV. l.. +. MERCER breaches IN Heb
shes Hall ut II a. ON " How to Use the New Vel
sion"
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24

O'DoNovAN Rosa seems anxious to be
considered guilty of the charge laid at
his door. of having shipped internal ma
chimes to Liverpool few weeks ago. In
Oh interview just published the following
passage OCCURS:
sin blowing up vessel will you not de-
strOy innocent lives?"
"That cannot be avoided. When England
is at war she destroys many lives. In the Zulu
war in South Africa the English troops threw
dynamite into the caves of the natives. Our
desire is, however, not to kill any one, but
merely to destroy English commerce"
"May We expect another explosion short
ly~
~ cannot say. We will at least get the
credit of every accidental explosion IN Eng
land. receive many letters from Great Brit
ain saying that our work has already accom-
plished great good in terrifying the authOrl-
lies. Here is a paper which got from Liver
pool, which l suppose was sent to veX me. 1t
contains a report of the trial of the dynamite
men, with their sentences by Justice Lopez,
one for life and one for fifteen years. Inside
the paper is written: From Justice Lopez,
with GlOdstOne's compliments.
1t is evident, whether guilty or inno-
cent of the charge, Rosa is a man who
ought to be speedily incarcerated either
in penitentiary or an insane asylum,
for no one but depraved criminal or a
iunatic would criminate himself as he
has done in these few sentences.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24

may act to his disadvantage is the public
horror of bis deed. If his victim had
been less illustrious person, one would
hazard nothing by predicting his ac-
quittal.
1t is an unfortunate fact that medical
and surgical practice is far from infallible.
1t often occurs that remedies that are
potent in one case are powerless in others
of apparently the same character.
Physicians have to experiment upon a
patient fer days or weeks before they can
determine what treatment will prove
effective. This experimenting may be
protracted too long, and the result be the
death of the patient. No drug has been
discovered that is panacea for all ills or
even for any one particular disease, nor is
any one mode of surgical treatment effec-
tive in all cases. Much depends upon the
condition of the patient. The disagree
ments among physicians and surgeons as
to the Presidents treatment will, how
ever, give Guiteau a chance of escape by
laying the blame of the Presidents death
upon the surgeons. 1t is to be sincerely
hoped that such defense will not avail
to save him from the gallows. He should
be hung on the ground that if he had not
fired the shot Bliss s. Co. could not have
killed the President.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24
AProtest from Mr.. Caldwell
To the Editor of the Globe:

To the Editor of the Globe:
A paragraph in the GLOBE and Pioneer
Press of this morning does me injustice aud
casts unmerited dscredt upon the Three
Golden Gates, of which am proprietor and
manager. It is stated that row occurred
about go this morning in my saloon, in the
course of which Thomas Koran was shot in
the thumb, and furthermore, that Officer
Casey had ordered the place closed an hour
previously. lam willing 10 testify, and can
get plenty of proof of the truth of my state
Inent, that Officer Casey never showed his face
in my place during the evening, and never
ordered it ciosd. The shot by which Mr..
Koran was injured was accidentally fired by
himself, while carelessly handling a pistol,
and he attaches no blame to any one. do
not keep disorderly house, as charged,
which fact can be proved by thousand re-
putable business men, who are my constant
patrons. ask only the privileges that are
extended to proprietors of like respectable es-
adjustments, but decidedly object to misrep-
reseDtation. c. G. CALDWELL.
st. Paul, August %.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24

IT is considered certain 10y the Repu5
lican newspapers that all of The negroes
and Republicans in Virginia will vote
with the readjusters or repud iators, and
that therefore the debt paying Democrats
will be defeated at the coming election,
and they are chuckling over the prospect.
If the Republicans of the Old Dominion
wish to atfix the stigma of dishonor upon
themselves and their State, no one has a
right to cmplain, hut there's many a
slip 'twlxt the cup and the lip. and it may
be fou d when the votes are counted tina
there are some honest Republicans anO
negroes in the State. But we shall ST
what we shall see
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24
Municipal Court.
Before Judge Burr.]
CRIMINAL CASES.

CRIMINAL CASES.
Charles Faber; violating fire ordinance. Costs
of 50 paid.
John McCue; drunk. Sent to jail for ten
days.
j. Carey; drunk. Fine of $40 paid.
j. Moore; drunk. Sent to Jail for five
days.
Thomas King; drunk. Sent to Jail for five
days.
b. O'Connor: drunk. Sent to Jail for five
days.
T Bolen: drunk. Sent to Jail for five
days.
L. Roland; drunk. Sent to jail for five
days.
Thomas Sullivan: drunk. Fine of 81 paid
W, NJ. Burke; obstructing street. Continued
to Aug. is.
D. sickel; assault and battery. Fine of S25
paid.
M. Murphy; assault aud battery. Contin-
ued to Aug. 81.
c. G. Caldwell; disorderly conduct Contin-
ued to Aug. 20.
James Robinson, J. Ryan, Jas. Wilson and
w. Russell; vagrancy. Sent cut of the city.
E. Dawson, j. Ludwig, Thos. Scott vagran.
cy. Sent to Jail for thirty days each.
Hogan Hanson; 'compounding a felony.
Continued to Aug 81 at 2 p. m.
CIVIL BUSINESS.
Anthony Yoerg VS.. Thomas McCauley;
judgment for plaintiff by default.
j. j. Williams VS.. Dennis O'Rourke. Con-
tinued one week.
Chas. Dion VS.. David Kleinfelter. Contin-
ued one week.
Conrad Wurm VS.. Kihr. Set for trial Aug.
81, Q p. m.
Merrell Ryder VS.. J. Simmons. Continued
one week.
Samuel Rosenbaum VS.. Mons Calmansen
Continued one week with leave to answer.
E F. Krahmer s. Son vs.. Anton Roehl
Judgment for plaintiff by default
J. M. Armstrong vs.. j. E. and B. A. Froi-
seth. Judgment for plaintiff by default
Joseph Roberts vs.. George P. Mervine. Dis
missed.
George Mettvetsheck VS.. George Gruber.
Motion for Judgment to be heard to-day.
Julius Krause, plaintiff, VS.. Hugh Carrier,
defendant, and St. Paul & Duluth R'y Co.,
garnlshees Settled by stipulation.
George Washburne vs.. VIM. DAVIS. Con-
tinued to Sept. at Up. m.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24

THE trial of the Rev. DR.. Thomas, of
Chicago, for heresy, will begin tomorrow
before the Methodist conference. Whether
its result shall be the acqulttal or convic-
ton of the doctor will probably be of little
consequence to him, as he is now better
situated than he ever has been or ever
could hope to be while peripatetic min
lister of the Methodist church. Even if
he is pronounced not guilty of the charges
preferred against him, it Is not probable
that he will ever re enter the ministry of
the church with which he is apparentl,
not in harmony.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24

ONE of the grievances of the Pioneer
Press with Gen. Hubbard is because he
declined to bolt and destroy his party in
1868. The GLOBE explained this some
time since butse p. p. now openly
avows this to be its cause of opposition,
coupled with the further fact tIat Gen.
Hubbard declined to vote for Ramsey for
the U. s. Senate, when member of the
legislature in 1875. Any man who has
had the temerity to oppose Aleck. Ram
sey can never be forgiven. That is the
objectionable sin in the eyes of that obese
concern. Fortunately it is to the ad-
vantage of those assaulted to have the OPP
position of the corrupt affair.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1881-08-24
DISEASED CATTLE.
The Danger to the Western States From
the Importation of Calves From the
Eastern Dairy Districts.

The Danger to the Western States From
the Importation of Calves From the
Eastern Dairy Districts.
CHICAGO, Aug. 23.-The recently appointed
treasurer of the cattle commission has just
issued the following circular, addressed
especially to governors of States and Terri
tories west of the Alleghanies:
OFFICE UNITED STATES TREASURY CATTLE
COMMISSION, CHICAGO, Aug. 23.-Dear Sir:
The cattle commissionappointed by the secre-
tary of the treasury, in pursuance of the act
of the last Congress, deem it their duty to call
your attention to the imminence of the danger
to which the herds In the States and Territories
west of the Alleghanies are exposed from
the traffic in dairy calves, which is
becoming very common one between
these States now happily exempt from con-
tagious piurO- pneumonia of cattle. That
a very large proportion of our country has,
up to this time, remained exempt from this
dangerous malady, is owing chiefly to the fact
that the current of our cattle traffic hitherto
has been mainly from the west towards the
seaboard, but the business of purchasing
calves from the Eastern dairy districts, and
scattering them throughout the Western
States and territories, which has within year
or two past assumed such mammoth proper
tons has augmented the danger to which the
unaffected districts are exposed ten fold, and
if it is permitted to go on unchecked the dan
gers of general infection of the great cattle
growing and grazing regions in imminent
We therefore call upon you to use whatever
influence you may legitimately bring to bear
upon people in your State to discountenance
and discourage traffic that is fraught with
ouch danger to their interests. The district
known to be infected with the scourge en-
braces pretty much the whole of the country
bordering on the coast from New York city
southwark to Washington, and extending to a
greater or less distance inland, but the com
missioners would recommend that more thor
ough examination be made and complete
isolation of infected heads be secured. Every
possible means that can be resorted to should
be to discourage and prohibit traffic in cattle
from anywhere near the Infected region
Respectfully yours,
JAMES LAW,
E. F. THAYER,
E. F. SAWYER,
Commanders