davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27
COTTON SEED OIL IN THE
KITCHEN.

The eating world will have ecca-
sion to throw up its cap if the dis
covery lately announced that cot.
ton seed oil is "a most satisfactory
substitute for lard" be confirmed.
Col. o. o. Nelson. of Huntsville,
Ala, says he has repeatedly used
cotton seed oil at his house and
finds it equal to the best article of
lard. A hotel keeper al Memphis
publishes a statemenb to the same
effect. It has been tried by several
citizens of Tuscumbia, Ala, who
say that they can find no difference
between the oil and lard in
cooking. The best thing about it.
as most economical housewives viii
say, is the cost that being now
not more than half the price of the
pork extract. And should this dis
covery turn out a fact, undeniable,
what revolution it will produce
in the pork trade! And what
an impulse it will give to the
cotton interest, coming just in time
to speed the revival of enterprise in
the South.
Everybody must grease the pan
the hysienist for his roll. the
beef eater for his steak-and all will
heartily welcome the sweet, trans
lucent distillation of nature.-M Y.
Tribune.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Major R. Walpole, proprietor o.
the Yazoo City Herald, arrived il
Covington last Monday from
Eureka Springs, Ark, where he
has been rusticating a short time
for his health. We hope the cool
waters of St. Tammany, and the
balmy breezes Of the piney woods,
will result in effecting bis COM
plete recovery.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

A French newspaper relates that
a millionaire lost his fortune, ex-
cept about one hundred thousand
francs, and died of grief within
twenty-four hours. His brother,
who was sole heir, had long sttug-
gled in poverty, and now, on, receipt
of what he considered a large for
tune, has just died of Joy.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Guiteau, who attempted to as
sassinate the President, and who
tried to kill one of his guards in
prison, was never known to use a
profane word. Ard yet, without
being profane, he is a living curse to
the human race, and his puriica-
ton can only be accomplished
through the bygienic heat in the
heart of h-ades.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

A turtle seized Jamestown, n.
Y, young-woman by the ear the
other day as she was bathing in
Chatauqua. Lake.. and the interyen-
ton Other friends alone saved her
from drowning. The turtles head
had to be severed and its jaws pried
apart before the young woman was
free.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

A curious instance Of punishment
was shown at the Penitentiary to-
day. Julia Brosset, white woman,
was sent from Natchitoches for one
hour for manslaughter. She served
out her time-received the usual
outfit given to oonvicts-a dress,
under clothing and five dollars in
cash, and departed rejoicing
Baton Rouge Aduocate.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Last Tuesday evening, as Mr.. J.
o. Poole, wife and two children,
were crossing the "green" near the
FARMER Office, in their carriage,
two of the wheels suddenly col
lapsed, throwing the occupants to
the ground. Very fortunately, no
one was hurt.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

The Denver Tribune says tho i'm
preston prevails in Colorado that
no jury should be allowed to pass
on Guiteau's case, except a Coro-
ner's jury. This would be a useless
expense, and entirely unnecessary.
The usual way is for q doctor to
feel the victims pulse, and when he
pronounces that life is extinct, the
body is simply cut down and buried
in the Potter's field, or given to the
surgeons for dissection.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

The jolly Capt. Pippo, of the
trim aud staunch schooner F. N.
Pippo, presented us with a large
and beautiful Western cabbage rose
last Monday. The Captains heart
is in the right place.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

A question as to who shall be ad.
ministrator of the estate Of Mark
Hopkins, Of San Francisco, which
is being looked into in the courts,
develops the fact that he spent
81, 100000 in the construction of O
house, but the estate has not sim
gle receipt for expenditures. AL
though Mr. Hopkins was worth
s3O,OOO,OOO he never kept books or
had any bank account.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Saratoga bellies carry white lace
parasols and wear white Spanish
lace peasant caps in the afternoon
drives. Such a light and airy cos
tune must be very cool and COM
Portable during these warm even
ings,
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

The friends of Gen. Arthur are
represented as saying that in case
of the Presidents death he would
accept the Presidency only until a
successor to Gen. Garfield could be
elected by the people.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Miles Diskin, who recently killed
John Driscoll in New Orleans. has
been sentenced to the Penitentiary
for life. This should be lesson to
him, and after he receives his par
don We hope he will reform and be
q better man.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

The Jute seed plaaSed at Point
Clear. upon two different occasions,
gerniaated in forty-eight hours. In
South Carolina nine days is the time
required. -IberuiUe South.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

A saloon keeper was frozen to
death a few days ago, in New York
city. He closed his saloon about
one o'clock at night; next morning
he was found in chair in the huge
ice box, frozen to death. 1t is sup
posed that being very warm, he got
in it to get cool, and went to sleep,
from which he:awoke in death.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

We have received from Mr..
Francis A. Walker, Superintendent
of the Census, the Report on the
Cotton Production of the State of
Louisiana, with discussion of the
general agricultural features of the
State" by Eugene W. Hilgard,
from which we CLEAN the following
concerning our parish:
Area Of st. Tammany parish,
923 square miles.
Total population. 6Ss7; male,
1921; female, 1866: white, 1858;
colofed, 1929.
Acres OF land titled, 1896.
Area in cotton, 225 acres; num-
Der of bales raised last year, 1O2;
average yield per acre, 45-100 of a
bale; seed cotton per acre, 645
pounds; lint cotton, 215 pounds;
number of bales raised in 1870. "a.
The cotton fields are ploughed in
the spring, and. the seed planted in
ridges, 81 or four feet apart. Cot
ton seed required for $50 pound
bale of lint, 1850 pounds.
Average size of cotton fields, 10
to 20 acres.
Cost of raising cotton, five to six
cents per pound.
Other productions, for 1880, are
put down as follows:
Number Of acres in sugar cane,
80; sugar made, II hogsheads; mo-
lasses, 1913 gallons.
The above is far below the
actual figures. Mr.. Dixon must
have made at least IA hogsheads, to
say nothing of the amount of sugar
made by MIR. Burns and other
planters.-ED.
Acres in com, 1924; yield, 49, S6
bushels.
Acres in sweet potatoes, AL; |
yield, 10000.
Acres in rice, ~; yield, 1878
pounds.
Acres in oats, 10a; yield, 1870
bushels.
Nature of the soil, long leaf pine
lats, with a small amount of river
Illuvium.
Usual depth of tillage, three
inches. Draft employed. one horse.
Subsoiling and fall ploughing are
lot practiced.
Usual rotation of crops, corn,
ats and sweet potatoes, one year
acn, VIII SoOu results.
Fertilizers used, cow-pen manure,
otton seed, raw bones and super
Phosphate of lime, which double
be yield of cotton. For green
1anuring, COW peas are used.
The tendency towerd raising
ONE supplies is increasing. Z
The report contains number of
Their interesting statistics, too nu-
ferrous to mention in one article.
There is also small map, show
,g the nature and extent of the
arious kinds of soil throughout |
,e State, :
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

A choice lot of household furni-
ture will be sold at public auction,
on the Morgan place, near Coving-
ton, on Thursday, the 18th of Sep
TENDER. See advertisement.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

This is good weather for plant
ers to lay in their wood for the
rolling season.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

A protractd meeting will COM
mence in the Methodist Church
next Saturday.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Mrs. 3. j. Smith, who has been
on visit to Galveston, Texas, ar
rived home last Wednesday.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

"Ava." the spicy editress of the
charming Gretna Courier, in her
efforts to promote the cause of the
Christianity, has gone to Pass
Christian. We hope the pure air,
salt water and turtle soup will agree
with her.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

We publish to-day the list of
jurors drawn for the October term
OF the District Court. As usual,
the list includes the names of all
the lucky men In the parish.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Valuable property in Mande.
vile, consisting of two lots OF
ground and improvements, win be
sold at public auction next Wednes-
day, the 31st inst. See ADVERTISE
mept,
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

From Mr. j. E. Ball, of Washing
ton parish, we received a aead of
well formed rice of this years crop
Mr.. Ball will commence harvesting
his crop about the Goth inst, but
says..i it is backward on account Of
the June drouth.- Greensburg Ga
zette.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

For the information OF those per-
sons who may not have observed it,
we will state that the weather has
been very warm during the past
week, in the day time. although the
nights have been cool and pleasant.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27
A detective has been killed Mt

A detective has been:kiiled at a
secret meeting of the Nihilists a.
Keiff. He had Ibeen sent sent to
the meeting to watch the proceed
ings. He was placed upon a table
and bis throat cut. Similar muir
ders have occurred in the provinces,
whittier the Nihilists have trans
ferred their activity from the capt.
tai.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

1t is announced that it is expected
that in November next Mrs. Gar
field will again become a mother.
She was married to the President
in 1858, in nsr twenty-third year,
and he in his twenty-seyenth.
She is now in her forty-sixth year.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

The attention of members of the
Police Jury is referred to the
special notice, in another column.
A meeting is called for Monday,
September IL.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

The following is the population
of the principal towns in st. Tam
many parish, according to The latest
census bulletin:
Vaudeville. 753; Covington, SGT;
Madisonville, AL; Lew;sburg, SO.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

The new comet is now visible to
the undressed optic. Tue advent
Of this comet will be followed by
cold veather-about next Christ
mas.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Two babies were born in the same
house at Oakland, Tenn. The
mothers were sisters, closely resem-
bling each other, and the infants
were both girls. In the excitement
the little ones got mixed, and this
happened before they had been
dressed. or in any other way marked
for identification. There seems to
be no way out of the uncertainty,
for three months have passed with
out developing any resemblance to
the father in either case; and if the
children grow up, as they seem like
ly to, with the physical character
istics of their mothers, nobody will
ever know their exact parentage.
The present agreement is to decide
the question by lot.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

According to an article in the
London Truth, paint is being made
at Long Acre, near that city, from
mummies. There appears to be a
regular business going on in rum
mics between Thebes and Long
Acre. 1t is said that there is no
sienna like ground mummy, and
artists are willing to pay high prices
for this mummy paint.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Oysters will be ripe next Thurs
day, the irst day of september.
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27
OFFICIAL NEGLIGENCE.

The good arder and well being
of every community, and the safety
of its citizens, depend upon a faith
full execution and enforcement CT
the laws. When this is neglected,
murders, riot aud disturbances of
every description are certain to fol-
low. and lawlessness will hold un-
limited sway. To no other cause
more than this contempt for the
law, and the repeated failure of the
officers Of the government to dis
charge their duties in the trial and
commitment of offenders, is to be
traced the prevalency of 'hoodlum-
ISM 10 this city, as it has displayed
itself of late years.-N. q. DAILY
States.
We are glad to see that the Daily
States is coming over to our way of
thinking. With a faithful execu-
ton and enforcement of the laws,
many of the principal objections to
the present Constitution will dis
appear like chaff before the wind.
1t is said that Guiteau never
paid his debts. He will make a
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

COTTON oTATEMENr.-The follow
ing table shows the amount of cot
ton shipped from Covington to date
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

Reeds Gilt Edge Tonic cures
Fever L. Ague,
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

One of the richest men in this
country, when be began bushes,
put out his sign, "Cy,us W. Field,
Rags"
St. Tammany farmer. [volume] (Covington, La.) 1874-current, 1881-08-27

1t is said that Guiteau never
paid his debts. He will make a
good dead" beat,
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
Shiloh's Consumption Cure.

This is beyond question tho most
successful Cough Medicine we
have ever sold, u few doses invar
iably cure tho worst cases OF Cough
Group, and Bronchitis, while it's
WONDERFUL success in the cure Of
Consumption ia withou, parallel
IN the history of medicine. Since
it's first discovery it has been sold
on a guarantee, test which no
other medicine can stand. Ii You
havo u Cough we earnestly ask
You to try it. Price 10 cts, so cts.
and Sl.o0 If your Lungs are sore,
Choet, or Back. Lame, ,,se Shiloh's
Porous Plaster. Price SO cts.
Sold by K. ID. Puliord, 9cow6m
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
A WOnerfnl Discovery.

For the speedy cure OF con-
and all diseases that lead to It,
such as stubborn coughs, neglect
ed colds, Bronchitis, Lay Fever,
Asthma, pain in the side and
chest, dry hacking cough, tickling
in the throat, horsencss, sore throat
and all chronic Or lingering dis
eases Of the throat and lungs, DR..
Kings New Discovery has no
equal and has established for itself
II worldwide reputation. Many
leading physicians recommend and
use it in their practice. The for
mula from which it is prepared il
highly recommended by all medic
al journals. The clergy and the
press have complimcnted 1t in the
most glowing terms. Gio to your
druggist and get trial bottle free
of cost, or a regular size bottle for
one dollar. For Sale by ]. =. Il
@. II, Molictt. 2fm2
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
Oh, What 4 Cough!

VII! you heed the warning. Tho
signal perhaps of the sure APP
proach that more terrible disease
Consumption. Ask yourselves
il you can afford for tho sake Of
30 cts. thoris and do nothing for
il. We know from experience
that Shiloh's Cure will cure your
Cough. 1t never fails. This eN :
plains why moro than y million
bottles were sold the past year.
1t relieves Group, And Whooping
congh, Mt once. Mothers do not be
without it. For Lame Back, Side,
or Chest, Use Shiloh's Porous plas.
ter. Sold by Il. d. puliord.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
Astonishing the w 0rId.

For n perfect renovation OF
exhausted and enfeebled consti
buttons, female weakness and
general decline, nothing so
surely and speedily produces
II permanent cure as does Elec'
trio Bitters. Their wonderful
cures are astonishing the world.
For Kidney and Urinary Cons
plants they are Il perfect spec
iiic. DO not give UP in dispair,
but Electric l'ittcrs will posi-
lively cure, and that where
everything else tails. Sold At
fifty cents a bottle, by }. b. ~
&. Il. MoiTett. 2lwl
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
Enterprisina Druggists.

Messrs j. b. 81 G.. X. MoITcli.
III, 1.-Two prueS,.tp Of The town. are always NJ
Ia the times AVID ready TO meet the dcmnhd'
of thor enptomers They haya usI received
n .upnly of wontarfnl remedy That II nrtonish
ing tho world by Ils matehlees cures III
KINGS NEW DuoovrEY for Cnneunp''oh
couphr, Coda. Atlhmn, Bronchitis, nav
Fever, rhthibic, Group, Wbooping oonrh'
Tiehlins In the Throat Loss OF Voice iIoarse-
ne.a. or any affection Fl lhr Throat and LiRnr
Thip remedy positively cGrcs, M thousands
can leptily. II you do not believe II call AZ
Moletls drug store and get Tflnl Botlle'
rarn or cosr ora regular siSc for one dollar
A va yaluo your llfc, give It n trial and he
convinced M thousands already havo peen'
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
The Bound unloosad.

Chas. Thompson, FrankliA street,
buffalo, says, have suffered for u
long time with Constipation, and tried
most every. purgatiye advertised, but
only resulting In temporary relief, and
after constipation still more aggriya-
ted was told about your Spring
Blossom and tried il. can now say
| am cured. and though Some months
have elapsed still remain so. shall
however always keep some on hand
III cast Of old complaint returning.
Price g cents frill bottles 10 rrnts.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04

Is il not worth the small price
OF Is cts, to free yourself Of every
symptom OF these distressing COM
plants, II you think SO call Mt our
store and get u bottle Of Shiloh'o
Vitalizor, every bottle has print
cd guarantee on it, use according
" and il il does You no good It
will cost you nothing. Sold BY
Il. y. rulford.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
No EyannratiOn.

There is no Evaporation Deteriora-
tion IL strength about DR.. Thomas
Eclectric Oil. The ingredients Of this
incompatible anti-rheumatic and
throat and lung remedy are not yola-
tile, but fixed, pure and imperishable.
Pain, lamencss aad stiffness are re-
lieyed by it, and it may be used with
equal benefit externally and internally.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04

liso "That' Eminent rs directed!
You will find II an Indispensable
article in the house and barn, cspec-
tally where there are children. q
bottle should be kept ready for In
slant ,,se In case of burns and scalds,
those frightful yisitants WHO carry
dismay and horror to parents heart
For sale mt the drugstore.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
BLESSINGS In Disguise.

Joseph Rusan, Percy, Ontario,
writes: Il WAS induced to try Thomas
Eelectrie Oil for n lameness which
troubled me for three or four years,
and found il the best article / ever
tried. 1t has been u great blessing to
me-
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04

Bucklen's ArniCa SaIve.

The beet snlye in the world toi
~, t,ui,e, poros, Ulcers, snIt rhoum, l'vel
.oree, letter, ccappsd hands, thii ola'nr ma ~
hud- Of skin erup,ionr. The rnlvo i sunr
rn,ead 10 glvo perfect mtislablon y every
ca.s. or money refunded Price 20 cchlr pc'
nollle, For salo ut Moneil's drug 1to'r ~ y
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04

We huvo n speedy and positive
cure, for Catarrh piptherio, Can
ker mouth, and Head Ache, in
Shiloh's Catarrh Remedy. a mas
al Injector ireo with each bottle,
uso il il You desire health and
sweet breath. Price Scots. Sold
by X. y. pulioN
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
Worth Cherishina.

Acquaintance horn and nourished
IN adversely. is the worth the cherish
ing. Acquaintance with the merits
OF Spring Blossom in eases Of Dyspep
sia or indigestion should he carefully
cherished. Price scots. trial bottle 10
cents.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04


II il fact we'll established
by uuquestionable testimony
that Halls Hair Remover re.
news, cleanses, brightens, invig
crates and restores to its original
color and lustre, faded gray or
discoIored hair, cllpaply. quick
~ and surely. The poorest
people prefer 70 buy il and use
it, rather than to proclaim III q
manner more forciblp than words
can delineate, through blanched
locks or grizzly beard, that
they are aged and passing TO
decay. a very short trial will
convince the most skeptlcal
that it does eradicate the scalp
diseases which rob the hair OF
its color and life. Fort Scott
(Kan Daily Monitor
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
The Better Part.

The worst part Of bad altions Is,
they make rs worse" whilst tho best
part Of Spring Blossom in eases Of
Headache or Dyspepsia is that it al
ways makes us better. Price, scots,
trial bottles 10 cts.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
Shakespeare Revived.

TO ache, or mol to ache, tRaTs Ihc
The question. This chearfu conun-
drum, ye rheumatic sufferers, is by no
means ~ difficult as u proposition IN
Euclid. Try Dr.Thoma's Ecleetric Oil,
and you will find it just as easy not to
ache as to ache.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04

Hays Credit r. O His shoulders lame tor
months that he could not raise his hand to his head but By the
Electric Oil the pain and amcness disappeared and although
three have elapsed he has had attack Of since
Dr. A. S. Russell Of Marion Wayne Co. n. l., ssys"lhe Won
Thomas Electric Oil in all OF acute and chronic
inflammation, caarh bronchitis lame back dyseny &C. makes the
demand for it very great"
~ H. Gregg manufacturer of moving machines Johannesburg N
Y ys:My thumb caught machine and badly injured
applied Electric Oil with almost instant relief have large
Der of employed and nearl all Of them uses it.
Nj Sccan of Oscoda Mich, wcs-I have Hsed your Electric
Oil horses for different diseases and found it to do just you
recommended 1t has done justice for time AID the best
Oil for and beast, ever used
what medical faculty say:-D S. Beaudon Hull T. o.
says have sold medicine which given thorough
satisfaction have used il broken leg and dis
located ankle with tina best results.
ST. Margarets Hope Orkney Scotand-Mesrs Pake Laird
requested BY several friends another parcel Of Dr. Thomas
Electric OIL The last lot from having been tested in
rheumatism relief when doctors medicines
have failed have effect The excellent qualities Of this med
known that the millions Of suffers throughout
world may benefit BY its proyidDta discovery GILBERT LAIRD
Sold BY all medicine dealers Price 50 and Sloo Sod n
Mineral Point, by ]. b 4 G. f. Mofet.
Iowa County democrat. [volume] (Mineral Point, Wis.) 1877-1938, 1881-02-04
IN AND AocO1M0DAT7oM
Illinois Central Il. n.

The only route running through cars bctNc
Warren and Chicago. The only route 70 ~
LouIs. Cairo, nnd ths Sonth. and 70
Dubuuuc, Sioux City. Omaha and west