, 1881-05-07
The Oldest Town in America,
Dating Back Some $50
Years,
It's Ancient Inhabitants, the Pueb1os
Their Struggles with the
Spaniards.
Scenes Quatnt and Quccr-Charactcrist.
les OF The Peoplc-lsellcs Of The
Olden Time.
Los 0errillos Mining Dintrict-Tho Tur-
quoise Nine and the Nina dol Trio
Great Mineral Riches.

-dfeat mineral Hlc1eg,
sp<etat Correspondence Of The Chicago Tribune.
sAsTA FE N. M.. April 15.-stnrttng In d Pull
man palaco-car al Chicago, aud only leaving 1t
at this city, tho contrast Is beyond description.
We feavc tho city Of palaocs and stop ut that of
snld-hhts: VIC fcasc people nettve In business,
and end With Il people ,thrlftlcss In habits,
tark-vtsaKetl+ il.tlressod, aud Of very primitive
Ideas. This ~ without exception the 9Mnintest
town I'll Anerlcn, and It is tho bdcst oro. 1t.
Augustine. Fla. dates buck tu tho year 15dj:
but tho scanarsis In f6ls found this quito coil
sfdcFlblU tnwn, hn3 the surrounding country
largely settled. 1t was tho home, long naes bo-
fors the spaninrtt CAME. Of the Axtcc,.-a racc
whpse civilization is marked ty works OF art that
every now and then nre discovered by oxeavat.
Ing tho mounds and other placos Of Interest.
Tho city has had
cUnlous NAMES.
It's earliest known was C1cuya: this. tradition
sMys, was itB Aztec name. After this 1t was
called Sun Francisco dc Asis DE- Santa FG: iatcr
It was called 'f.n villa 1lcnl tlu santn F6: ant
from this tho Americans, who lovo simple names,
cali It SAnta re.
There arc old ruins and fortlEcuttons on every
hand, that tell tho story Of hard-fouuht battles
during tho Ioug years OF tho past. Early In tho
stxteunth Century tho Catholic Church of spatn
sent hern lta missionaries to convert this people
tolts faith. Tito pueb1os. or indiana refused to
adopt this TO them enttroly slrunKe form OF
worship. Thoy rcv0lted. ind In that cn.ty tay
brought on ttrrcH struggle, which lusted many
years. and which Mt last ended by driving
the spantartls FROM their land, destroying their
churches with 0,e 0r two exceptions and ella-
cling every vcsttXo Of Spanish occupation. Mines
that had yletlrd tho Spanish untold wealth
wero covered up and concealed. aud for quarter
Of II century sha ruebIos occupied ttloir coun-
trS Hn1fsturbetl by thotr Spanish oppTcssurs.
About the year 1850 tho Spaulards camo In
force,
1sEcosQuERED THE COUNTRY,
and remained In possession Until 1877, when 1t
was coded by tho hexioan Government to tho
United states. The Pucbtos were ever ready
10 revolt. aud dill frequently rso up. In open
warfare against their 0ppress0rA,-but without
success. Tho Pueblo Is today tho tinest OF tho
1ndlun tribes. a fow still renain, and arc in
slustrious mud we'll behaved. They arc seen
Upon these large p'nins, hert1ing cattle and
a few arc angngol In cultivattng tho so!l close
to Santa FL.
To-day one was met who WIS busy irrf9attng
bis whcat-faud, and was nBkci whether tho aoI!
yielded as we'll BY irrigation as by showers. IIe
said. " The rniu Is bust, ~ tho top needs mois-
turc as well us tho root." Said be, You may
stand III water up to your mock, and perish for
want OF wnter." The Pueblo provides for tho
future. Ilo Will not dispose Of Tho present years
crop until ho IL reasonably suro of the next crop.
lie keeps provisions OH baud for one year. lIu
u not known ns a pauper, but always has plenty.
1n tasa teapcct by y butter THU Tho Mexican.
Tor tho future. The Mexican il peculiar. it os,s
valuable article, his neRhbors gnthor around
@ rosue e. ae y s.s Il
thotu to xatn anything.
SANTA FL
lies In q basin OF tho mountains. shaped like
hffR frN1tf1 nh nrtsf ftHn