The Red Cloud chief., 1881-12-29

DrSins.
! Every buiiding abous. f,rm .hcsld
be provided With spouts. for these are
The basis OF the drains These are nos
made 90 che,ply Of tia that no farmer
| cah afford to do withou; them The
water from these may be cArf<i away
In pipes hsd under ground. and 10 PCS
sihlc shoold be collected in ekterns or
ponds fDr use. The conven1nce q =,
supply OF soft water AZ the house OF
the dairy will always repay the cot
Of the pipes required Tbs need nos
be large AYERS cheap pipe. saa.eien.
10 carry OF the water from 5 building.
MAY be made u wooiea strip thres.
four. or 81, inches in width. nailed To-
gethcr At the edges 80 ~ 10 form y
tube. Hemloc < strips wai Last under
ground 'fUr MAY wears. srd are the
cheape>e sind of funseer 10 be pro
cured. These shoaii &c laid \ foot;
uad-r the sur'sc-. and where the drsin
passes across \ roai The pipe should he
protected by n thick plank laid over IL
and resting on the solid esrth OF each
side Of il. In laying these pipes il Is
best 10 place them with ~ angle down
WAIU. AMI uVt ~ - az ~ -
the water 10 run. There is much less
danger Of the lodging OF sediment in
tho pipe. because wheu Little water -
passing through the stream y still deep
and strong enough 10 carry on anv
solid matter that may lind its way into
the pipe.
Drains abou, the barns should not
only include those for carrying oil the
rain water, but there should be sufi-
Gent Of them TO carry OF the hquid
manure where II can be saved and made
use oE THIS part OF the manure con-
tains nearly all tie potash and nitrogen
Of the food. anil is far too valuable To
lose. even It the cost of Considerable
expense in ptuvtiing for It's saving.
And vet how few farmers save any por-
ton OF il, although fertilizers are pur.
chased NJ great cost every YEAR. \
simple system of drains. made nj the (
cost Of . few dollars. would save all
thcsaSs,2abls eiomsslts vi iertil.ty, and
remove from the yards what is nov left
To become n nuisapce and n waste.
These liquids may be carried Into 4
shallow pit, cemcnted nj the bottom. or |
n tank lined with plank. and these may
be filed with absorbsnts, il only earth !
can be so used. and these added 10 the !
manure hesps Or the solid manure and
litter ma be wheeled out of the stables
and thrown into the pit or tank. and
made TO absorb the liquid. But the
drainage from the roofs should net be
mixed With the manure. or the latter
will be so sodden that it will not fer
ment and heat, and the valuable parts
Of it will be washed out.
The field drains may not require !
any elaborate system of under
ground tile draining. Thousands Of
dollars have been buried in this
way without any necessity. There are
circumstance i'm which undertaking
in q thorough and complete manner
may be required. As. FOR instance.
when water i!ows from high ground and
saturates n lower place. this saturated
ground requires = complete system Of
dra rs to remove the water from il.
But the evaporation from the soil in
III American climate where heats are
intense and drying winds blow almost
continually from the interior of the
continent is So great that the soil soon
loses n surplus OF water that NAV hap
pen from occasional heavy rains. and
tho danger We experience is rather
from q deficiency than an excess of
moisture. Ii is not safe in this respect
to rely upon English authorities and
opinions. In that moist climate, al
though the rainfall is not much more
than half as much rs ours. the soil is
nearly Always filed 10 overilowing be-
cause of the very in adequate amount Of
evaporation. There tue air is filled
with moisture for weeks al q time, 50
that n constant drizzlc is falling, even
when the almost daily showers have an
intermission. On this account the ex-
cess OF water in the soil calls for CON-
plete under drainage. even in sandy
and gravelly fields. With us circum-
stances are entirely different, and we
wisely follow the advice or initiate
the examples given in English books or
journals nor can we depend upon the
advice given by American writer's who
take their opinions ut second hand, and
from personal knowledge Of our cir
cumstances. Partial drainage will
serve u purpose effectively and
cheaply in nearly every case. Where
there is a wet spot fed by springs a
drain may be carried through il, and il
thctc "C uithS suSu pitLCs III - ucih
o few lines of drainage cutting the
most of these. with a short lateral here
and there, will be sufficient. Rank.
grass, sedges, aud rushcs in
dictate stagnant water in the soil. and
wherever these are found n drain will
be required. But it will he unwisc to
u~nderdraina field because
few spots OF this kind are found in it.
Suria"e drains will be found useful TO
carry off the water from newly sown
fields. These NAV be made with
the pillow and finished with a round
shovel. Low places in meadows
or other fields, were water lodges.
should also be drained by laying a
pine through the ridge which
surrounds the low place to carry
of the water where it can flow
away. There is no time better than
The present for this work. To protect
he drain from choking it would be
we'll to make n heap Of stones around
he inlet large enough TO be seen con-
so that il may be avoided