davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

The jackson Comet comes to
us this week, clad in mourning, on
account Of the death of its editor,
FLEET T. CoOpEE, which occurred at
$50 o'clock, on the night Of the 18th
aust, after protracted illness.--
Mr., Cooper had a just appreciation
Of the dignity and the value ofsthe
profession Of journalist. Ile was
well fitted TO shine in it. He pos.
sessed a sound jadgment and extra.
ordinary taleuts asa writer. Jour.
nalisn has sustaineda great loss by
s''s deslh--and sOciet!yhss sustain,
ed that loss which Is alwans felt III
the death Of i most active, high,
spirited and useful RSn. 1fis death
will be generally aud truly Lament.
81.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27


The Mississippi republican con
ventiOn at jackson unanimously
ratified the aomination Of Ben King
for Governor. Both conventions
also nominated ], B, Yellowly for
lieutenant governor, AT, Wimber.
ly for auditor ", D. Howze for
superintendent of education, W, T.
Fitzgerald for attorney general,
Dr. Byrum tor treasurer, and j, j..
Spelman, (col for secretary of
state, The three first named are
greenbackers, and the three last
are republicans,
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27


There is some anxiety to know
what the new party baby Is to be
named, of which Ben King is the
acknowledged daddy. The mother
OF the infant is a quadroon-the off.
spring Of a Greenback mother and
Radical tather--and as Uncle Ben
is soreheaded Independent Demo
crat, we think the little brat should
be called HASH as that comes
nearer expressing what it really is
than any other term we can think
Of The Hash party is mixture Of
the refuse from the tables oi res
9ectable Democrats and Repubh.
cans, with alittle sweet oil poured
oveFlt togmake it so down easy
Gem West, the fatheS Gfths Green.
back party in this State, and Gen.
AlcOrn, the father az the Republi.
can party, both refuse to recognize
the lllegitimate offspring begotten
of the King ofOopiahT and the
quadroon mOther. EBrandons Re-.
publican, $ # '.s I
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27
Wicked for CIergynen. La

Il
Rev. . Washington, D. C.,
writes: Ibeieve it to be AL wrong
and even wicked for clergymep or
other public men to be led intogiW
ing testimonials to quack doctors
or'viIe StuGst called medicines, hit
when really meritorious, article
made of valuable remedies known
to all, that all physicians use and
trustlr daily, we should freely com
mend it. Therefore cheerfully and
heartily commend Hop Bitters for
the good they have done me and
my friends, firmly believing they
have no equal for family use. /
will not be without them" ."-[New
York Baptist Weekly.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

The latest Washington dispatch.
es report the condition of the Presi,
dent as "alarming." Allhis gloom
around the White House, and it is
now thought that the president
''will last till Saturday or Sunday"
Recovery now seems out of the
question, n"
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

The MENDELssoHN PIANO Co.,
whose advertisement appears else,
where, is selling Pianos DIRECT to
the people at Factory Prices, with,
out the Intervention Of agents or
dealers, thereby saving them more
than oNE,nAtr the prices usually
charged for strictly FIRST CLASS in,
strIments. A" err
The leading papers ofthe country
speak in the very highest terms Of
the Company and their Pianos, as
will be seen IN the following ex.
tracts selected from their Uata,
iOgus:
The MeudelsoKn PianoiinpFessed
US greatly, dtsts sbY its power. and
seeund bySlis rare beauty If tone
II is brilliant without belug. 1hiu,
and powerful without noise. AK
treble is Wigat.anst pure, the mid,
die rangeNartn aud ssympathstlo
and the baSs decided ana soaorovw
while the &nn,sRis exreilenh-- Vnt,
sous Art Journal, New York,
0ae ofEhe Square pianos, (.aat
huehek's 'ale9 .rEhlbtted 5y,,l,e
Mentelsslon- Riaao Ca Z is' q -, ~ !, I
situcied &nbn entireIy nov mir +,
| pies, and sai,g Ia Re- ll,e N os+
/ fweftui plR}sd, silaare pl.algg n az
isN9tid, w3D essingisg qaAiityS FaFe
5Es u eve 'susas@gesabialned itl an,
I'plano. chicago Times, aVe.s !.
| Fora ndreF VI laas
! delsshon Piano Co. have aimed 4
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

b'nndon kepahhcah: Congralua
i"'"sy letters are pouring in npou
Gtn, Lowry lroa every quarter iu
'he Sialt; from friends oaisiie cr
he State. gd ts,sas,.n classes Of
people aud shades 81 politics The
enii'usiaTm oyer hiy i8emigapen il
unhounded. RggIyhalu hsartafg
ern.s y IS yaea i8tiSgrii@,
anf a.e believe be VIII be eIrctsd
" iargsrmsjoFily than was ever
gives icr ans other candidate III
this State.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27


lhe prodrrIinh OF a splendid piano
dusR low price Ghey have more
rlian sucSeedsd. Modern mechan-
ism, skill and genius cannot pro-
luce 4 better piano, while the price
is Qbebw' i!lss ii apy 'tirst,class
Observation-Disclosures Journal.
The revolution in the American
Pi4N6 li'de has begun under the
MFferhip of the Mendelssohn Pi.j
mo CD. of New York. That revo-
lFttHA means+-LowER prices for IN
sEpm9Qts equal in material, con-
strn4I8li and elegance to the best
yHt 4r6duced,--TSt. Louis Repub-
we Hotice that the Mendelssohn
Eiatto 10, of New York, have taken
the field against high prices. The
ihatdllIess perfection Of the Men.
deissohn piano disarms criticism.--.
{ Cle leland Herald.
1.-The. culture and exacting mu.
s1cal Taste of Cincinnati gives the
Mend4issohn rank second to no
other piano forte; and their sale is
rapidyincreasiig, They are splen-
did id.instrumentS, and the wonder is |
how they eau be sold at so low al
Cincinnati Gazette,
We Would recommend any Of our
neadefs who have any idea of ever
buying a piano, not to fail to write
it bnse for their Illustrated and
Descriptive Catalogue, which will
be mailed free, ..rs al
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

lowing lines, under the head 81
"Local LacOnics," WHICH We quote
from the Standard, may throg some
lighto on the matter:
''Little. drops of whisky
AMI little drops of Rater. =.
Makes4a. maR, fFisRy-s,.-s~.,-
And do what he hadn't oughter." :"
-7Ajbingdqn Standard.
Better swear off, Bro. Fields
[Jonesboro' Journal.
Since the above was in type, we
have received a copy OF the "Senti-
mel" froma which it appears that
the above article, credited to the
advertiser" was written by the
editor of the "Sentinel," and that
the word l"oldest," as It appears
above, was intended for "ablest"-
that aRd nothing more. We hope
the wrath Of our Virginia contem-
porary is now appeased. Aud as
advice is in order, we advise" the
editor of the Standard hereafter to
adopt Davy Crockett's motto--"Be
sure you are right and then go
ahead"
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

vi t.t -,l. -4...t = III
The greenbackers the .repdbIi.
cans, and the independents, met in
joint caucus yesterday at jackson,
and agreed to nominate joint
State, ticket. The grecUback State
convention then assembled and
nominated Ben King for Governor.
The republican convention meets
today MA King viii aTs6fesaiva
the nomination of that convention,
and the balance of the State ticket
will be jointly nominated. Mem.
phis Avalanche, 25th.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27
Justice Of the Peace.

We are authorized to announce j. b.
LANE as n candidate for Justice of the
Peace, in Supervisors District No. B.
Orixaba, Tippah county-at the ensu
ing November election.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

4 ~
>SJoAn NJ. Daniel, said to be one of
The oldest men in the 'Old Domin-
Iion," has been nominated by the
Virginia Democracy as the candi-
tdate for Governor.-Ripley miss. J
Advertiser. 40 1e&@
Mai. John W. Daniel is only 80
Yeats of age, Judging trom the
abeye,gwe presume since Mississip-
kFiEepndiated her debt that the peo.
pie Of that State are very short
lived. MAJ. Daniel is not the old.
est man in the "old Domion" by a
long shot, but as an orator, as a
polished and refined debater, he is
without an equal. He is the gen.
tlemaf who seconded the nolnina-
ton of Gen. Hancock III the Gin.
cinnati Conventions and who said
rather than see Virginia repudi.
ate herJUsT OBLIGATIONS, he would
toucha torch TO HIS OWN house and
every school house in the State,
and start afreSlfin the world house.
less and penniIeSs. Our candidate
sjust in the prime Of lite, and will
make one of the most brilliant cam
paigns since the day of Patrick
Henry, and vii! in November next
bear the Democratic flag to Clio.
rlous victory! We advise our Mis-.
Sissippi friend to read few Vir-
glnla Democratic papers and get
better posted in matters, and cease
making such terrible blunders.--
The editor Oftbe Sentinel may per-
haps be excused, whenit is known
that he is a "Morman," and Of
course can't get things right in
"Spight" of himseIf.-[Abingdon
(Va.) Standard.
The Standard will please inform
US in what number Of the Advert.
ser the paragraph, quoted above,
can be found. We have no recoi.
lection Of writing such an article,
and cannoS ind it after a careful
examination okour files. The age
of. W., Daniel is a small matter,
and if an error had been com
mitted in regard to it, we hardly
think it justified ths editor Of the
Standard inwRiting the rigmarole
he has about it. II we are at all
"posted" IN Virginia politics, that
State is not without a goodly mum,
Der Of repudiators itself, and before
the Standaedtwits our people with
.rePudiatiOp,, bad it not better wait
until the people of its own State
"re-adjust". their, obligations honor,
ably and sqparely9 The, Standard
advises US to read a few Virginia
Democratic papers and get better
posted In matters and cease max
ing such "lerrible blunders.N w g.
do read "iew'--a very few-the
Standard only-and probably that
Is the cause of the trouble--the ter,
tflble blunders. But does the Stan.
aara make no bluuderss Let us see;
4tsays 'the editor ofthe Sentinelf9l
may perhaps be excused when it il
tt,Np@n that. he is a "Morman,'n and
4ct c9uraeesh't gotthingS right
IN sSpight" Of itself "Elitor of
hdSentinel'' U "excusedl" From
lWaats Does not the Standard know
IthSt the "SentiaelA and "Adyerti.
tss.e are it%o' distinct newspapers,
Ian6 why does he mix 'em in this
I.lhSs Cling ways A bluuder some
Ehv sre evidently. We conclude
llh The tatssp a4itbgJsaQGr pgtuIlgl
IN eAd&rdiwas confused, coa.oanded
lAsR cnnAid ar,,l,iv ,,,;,,ad ,,t
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27
For TFeaauFeE,
For Supervisor.

We are authorized to, announce the
name Of L. N, LINVILLE as a can
didate for reelection to the offire of
Supervisor in District No. 2-Tippah
County-at the ensuing November
election,
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

Now that the Democratic Coz.
servatiEe State CqnvsAtibn has
made its nominations for State OH.
GERS, whichhave been remarkably
well received by the people, says q
contemporary, we hope and
trust that we will hear no. more
about the result havinguIbeen
brought about by this or that mans
Influence, but thatthe ticket Will
b be regarded and supported as the
Chosen standard beafers bf i ttlfe par
ty' diet by'goneabe .by7gOnes, and
let whatever differences that NAV
have existed as to men, be forgot
ton, andalf work~for4he.sueeess.ef
the ticket and the good ofehe coun.
try. As we will be confronted by
all the odds and ends that by In.
stinct and principle hate honest
rule and good govspHaeht,N ii is
necessary lfOrus to BE united \ and
70 stand firm, If we would aclIieve a
victory. With an honest, conserg-
.ative platform, and "no-fffentfs to
reward nOr enslbieSP 10 pdffig8EH,n nlst
us glrd ourselves for the fight, and
isiictogs sEilI be 9prs,.,,,. al.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

\ aFtase2Gsftegn sp.6fis,IA,
.Looker'o0 iia Eenice9 YessegsEded
out this week, 81 Il will appear in
our next issue.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27

Its virtues are ullques tiouable and it's GU
HUIvc character absolute, ;ts The writ.-i. can
persOlially testify DotH IlVM experience
aud observation.
Among theiaany readers Of the Review
III one part alsd ,Inotler Of the country, it IS
probable chat nlmUtls arc ahlietcd " It'll
deafness, lnatos suoll II may 10 s.tti 'NErtte
at once to llayloc4 d Lu., Dry Street,
New ORR, elciosihg Onv l5Jlilr, AHA y6tt
WIN pddelfe ~ ietqrn nill y remedy taaG
Wiil enable yYp tp near like anybody else.
ana Whose tijratlVe elecls Will 1e, perllia-
ieut' Aoq WI! neYer regret dong sy. =
( AStltor Of lletclntIG Review.
Juiy ., 1SSl--jnl.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27
COUNTY sCNDAY SCHOOL cOSVEN-
TIUN,


tendents aud delegates of varlou,
Sabbath Schools of this county s,r
the Baptist Church in Ripley or
Saturday August Goth, 1881, viii!
the view ofzosean;zngnUG G'grls
SabEath StboqI Eaugennoq, us lah
auxiliary to lhe State S9BdaH Sehodl
Convention. i 1Nili9EM LIZ
On motion sJno, Y, ,NarFy va,
called to tAs chair Nv, TBAIth
was requested act ! Secretary!
l1he iolldklps sehbos rep:
PRESENTED, vii: & = s59kfFy
Ripley, Meaodisb W, WsWO1sh am,
Snpt, - sassgsry. y -
Ripley, Bapl,st, JSE. Roge RS, s1pt.
BIueaMOuntgin, W,.HgMg DT4aAas,
New Hope, J.. BsWier,sap I
.FeIhwship,sW. N. Duncan, dek
ESIfadS Grove, W. T>SmitR del ate,
Nays Schodl House, a.. Manning,
Supt ne a8Ei
lNIstfus Chapel, Il. a. S(ubbs, Eu
/ lperiAtendent, ID 4l.f /
/ Ih5 Chair appointed a lcom1fuE
Oniper4auoas oalcstssSad lhe
committee after consultation recsI
!ommended the foAQwing, who were
unanimously eleJ*ed, wig:
q W. H. MsDarham, Bresiaent \
.H,A. stdhbsy yBecretstysi IA. esoSI
WI, Smr:h, Assistant Seoretary.
~ VlcE PRESIDENTS, ~
:, 99s 3"i;ds. f.. 2aes .Dj.lsiSfI
Dist NOA1-R. d RAY; II02rf
Dist. Nog2-W. W. ,Wofsham.
'Dist; No..3-T.: E. WfESt6a.s w."
Dist, No, 4-Jas. Lahters:: G ? Z 4
Dist. No#5.-JaSpef Nance, 9 4
Mr. Durham vas then, c6adactedt
70 the chair; and, before taking his
seat, made a few appropriate re-
marks touching the work which
was about to be, ,inaugurated in our
county. With becoming modesty
he expressed regret that an other
had no. been chosen to the lmpor-
tant and responsible Office which he
had unexpectedly been called to
fill, He expressed the hope that
great good would result from the
Organization of the Tippah County
School Convention.
Among other business transact.
ed, a constitution was adopted; an
Executive and other committees
e..e
A communication was read from
Capt J. L. Rogers, Referred to
committee on programme,
On motion, it was decided that
the annual meetings of the Conven.
ton be held or Friday before the
9th Sunday 10 October; and Ripley
was selected as the place to hold
the next Convention,
In addition to the Superiuten,
dent, each school embracing Tn,
ion schools as we'll as those Of |
UNCONVENTIONAL character) are en-,
titled to two delegates, e,-.,s-.,
It's hoped that each. and every
school IN the CoCnty will be repre-.
3ented In the Convention at the
time and place designated, as it is
The determination of those who
have taken the matter in hand to
make it q success.
The Ripley advertiser., 1881-08-27
ANNOUNCEMENTS.
For the LeRlalatuFe.

We are authorized to announce e
], Frederick, as candidate TO repre-
sent Tippah county in the lowcI
branch Of the Mississippi Legislature
Ot the ensuing Norember.eleqtiop,
We are authorized 10 announce Hon
W. A. Boyd as candidate to repre-
sent Tippah County in the lower
branch of the Mississippi Legislature,
Election, Tuesday November s, 1881.
For Sheriff. .'i1,. ,',.,., /. E
We are authorized to announce the
name OF J. N, RUTHERFoRp. as a
candidate for Sheriff of Tppah County
at the ensuing November election.
We are authorized to announce the
name Of Wa. Fl. FOOTE as 4 caMdi-
date for the Office OF Sheriff ofTppah
County. Election November 8, 1881.
Capt. H. T. COUNSEIELE is can
didate for reelection to the office Of
Sheriff of Tfppah County. Election
November S, 1881.
For Treasurer. -r~ ~,
We are authorized to announce D.
", BARTLETT as candidate for re-
election to the Office Of Treasurer Of
Tippah County at the ensuing NoFem-
Der election. jvs tl 4. a- 80 3
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-02-18
Under call of the committees the
follOwino renorts wera raad.

Under call of the committees the
following reports were read:
By Mr.. Phelps, from the commit
tee on ways and means Relative to
bonds to be given by cigar manufac
turers. Referred to the committee of
the whole.
By Mr.. Johnston of Virginia, from
the committee on military affairs
Granting the use of certain lands at
Fortress Monroe for hotel purposes.
Referred to committee of the whole.
By Mr.. Gunter of Arkansas, from
the committee on private land claims:
For the relief of VIM. McGarrahan.
Referred to the private calendar.
The House then resumed consid-
Grafton of the apportionment bill.
After remarks by Messrs. Finley, of
Ohio, Steele, of North Carolina,
Davis, of North Carolina, Rothwen
and others, the bill was temporarily
laid aside.
The Speaker laid before the House
message from the President recon-
mending the adoption of measures
to secure the representation of this
country in the proposed information,
al monetary conference. Referred.
The House then adjourned.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-02-18
Garfield's inauguration.
Special to the Cincinnati Commercial.

Special to the CINCINNATI Commercial.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 15.-Inaugural
preparations are going on at a very
rapid pace, and the occasion will be
second to no event of like character
in our history. The crowd promises
to be the largest that has ever as
sembled in Washington. Up to this
date sufficient number of military
companies have signifed their inten-
ton to be present to make march-
ing column of 10000 men. Every
State in the Union will be repre-.
sented by military companies ex-
cept Nevada and Oregon. The care
of this vast number will be
matter of magnitude. But the mil
itary companies will be but moder
ate proportion of the visitors if re-
ports reaching the inaugural head
quarters here, from all directions,
can be relied upon. The conditions
upon which the military companies
come are simply that tents and cots
shall be provided for them, but they
are to feed themselves, the cost of
which is placed at about one dollar
per day to each man.
The expenses of decorating Penn
sylvania avenue and building the
arches are placed at about $4,000.
Tnis money is being raised by sub
scription. 1t is expected that the
sale of tickets to the inaugural ball
will yield the sum of $4,000, which
will go into the general expense fund.
The number of tickets is limited to
5000, and notanother one will be sold
after the limit is reached. The price of
tickets is SIS each, without reference
to the number taken. Nearly one
half of them are already disposed Of
The ball will be held in the new Ma
tional Museum building, which has
a floor area of $4,000 square feet.
This will give an average of six
square feet to each person. The
supper is to be rather plain, and is
to cost 81 per head.
Stories have been circulated that
the colored people were buying large
numbers of these tickets, and that in
consequence Africa would be repre-
sented in force. AS matter of fact
less than 100 tickets have been sold
to colored people, and these have
been bought by men like Fred
Douglass, DR.. Langston, Senator
Bruce and others. There is nothing
in this that need shock the nerves o.
the superior race.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-02-18
A Tipsy T0mcat.
New York Star.


To see a cat drunk is rare and
novel spectacle, yet many people were af-
forded just such an exhibition yesterday
afternoon, between and o'clock, in
Grand street. A well-grown black and
white cat wandered away from house in
Forsyth street in maudlin condition. but
it was not until it reached Grand street
that this popularity was noticed. 1t was
a bitter cold day, AND the piercing wind
blew along the street, causing that thor
oughfare to be almost deserted by pedes-
trians. A crowd seemed to take possess
sion of the sidewalk near Forsyth street
and moved slowly on its way toward Will :.
iamsburg ferry. About five feet ahead of the
crowd was the drunken feline, staggering
with slow and uncertain gait, seemingly un-
conscious that it was cold day. Ev ry
body was buttOned close to the neck, but
Tom" did not appear to mind it a Bit
The crowd was orderly and followed with
quiet interest, each saying to the other:
Did you ever see cat drunk"
Here is a specimen"
" here did he come from?"
"Hou,e in Forsyth street." replied a
small boy.
The usual disposition to shy brick or
rock was subdued by the novelty of the
spectacle. No hooting Or shouting was
indulged in. and no policeman could be
seen. Everybody followed to watch the
movements of the inebriate cat. He took
up good deal of the sidewalk for a cat,
and measured it well; but one controlling
motive seemed to possess him, and that
Was to go as straight forward as possible;
once or twice he almost toppled over,
staggered to either side, but lust managed
in keeping his balance. "Tom's" head
was a,study. While the legs were deprived
OF their usual assurance, the head was
steady, and the eyes dull in appearance;
occasionly he would swing a degree to
either side-but mainly kept right Tom"
p oceeded in this fashion for half a black
when he turned to an open hallway, got
on the step with great difficulty, leaned
against the wall, slid on his side and in
stantly fell asleep. The crowd gathered
about him, and extended that mercy they
L ever show to the human drunkard d let
him lay in peace.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-02-18
Mai. Gunn,s Report.

The Cincinnati Commercial, which
hos before published a portion of the
recent report of Msj. w. A. Gum,
engineer of the Knoxville and Gin.
cinnati Southern Railroad, publishes q
fu fther extract in Wednesdays Issue,
with the following Introductory re-
marks:
By special request further extract
from the report Of engineer w. A.
Gum on the Emory Gap survey
(probable Knoxville extension of the
Cincinnati Southern) is published.
Mr.. Gum is an old and able observer
OF the Southern Railway situation
having surveyed under Col. Simpson
during the war, the military road ia.
vored by Abraham Lincoln from here
to the South. His generalizAtions are
therefore we'll worth space additional
to that which could be afforded on the
first appearance of his report:
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-02-18

NEW YORK, Feb. 17.-Southern -four
quiet and Unchanged. Wheat opened
I &c lower, closed rather more steady
AID iittle be ter inquiry; ungraded
rrd $lO9s1 20. Corn dull and heavy,
&c lower; uDgraded 81 5S3c. Oats 4a3c
tower; No. 43c Coffee quiet aud
weak; RIO 104 ,t33c. Sugar dull and
weak; Muscovaro 75r; Illoilo 64r:
fair to good refining 73s74c; refine d
dull and unchanged; st4udard A 81 .
Mola.sas quiet aud unchanged. Rice
qui and steady. Wool dull and un,
changed. P 'rk about steady and very
light trade $l6.05; old middles dull a, d
unsettled; long and short clear S8 IS.
Lard opened 5479c lower closed strong
with decline recovered $10.423.10 so.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-02-18
COwan. McCIung 4 Co. for the Spring
Trade.

We desire TO call attention to the
change in this issue in the advertise
ment of the mammoth and reliable
wholesale dry goods house of Cowan,
McClung & Go. They rre now ready
for the spring trade, and have in stock
full and complete lines Of dry goods,
notions, boots, shoes and hat, which
they propose to sell at the lowest East
ern price,. 1t is unnecessary for US TO
recommend this favorite house t) the
merchandising public, for they have q
reputation that is established and
widespread, but we may be permitted
to remark that merchants will find il
to their advantage to see Cowan, Nc
Clupg & Co.'s spring supplies before
making purch ases.