davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-08-04
VIiEk
The w mig aud Chronicle
--AEn--
TEE RURAL NEH-YORKER.

ehich has no club or second price 90 co. The Plant
and seed Distribution. viii h If any valuation
can be placed upon such novelties, is worth at
least $500 making total of $3.50 for only $500,
less than half Of the real value.
The rural home fully Su plied-the news OF the
WOrid-the most trustworthy agricultural and hOT-
ticutural acknowledgements, plantS-an for
about he price OF one good paper.
Specimen copies O. the RURAL NEW-YoRKER
W Il be sent on application to the publisher. No
"a PARK Row, New York, without charge, to our
readers. 1t is SiXreen-page weekly. illustrated
IN the best manner from original drawings anc
filed with original contributions from the best
writers in the world. Farm and horticultural
experiment grounds, (s2 acres in extent, are
worked iB the interest of its subscribers.
Subscribe for he tURAL NEWyORKER and
the WhIG AND CHRONICLE for only $500 pei
year.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-08-04

1881.
Harpsr's Weekly.
ILLUSTRATED.

This periodical by its able and scholarly discus
sions ofthe questions of the day, well as By its
illustFations-wAch are prepared by the best art
ists-has always exerted most powerful and
beneficial influence upon the public mind.
The weight of its influence will always be found
on the side of morality, enlightment. and refine
ment.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-08-04
p ain 9ess Eye Water

Relieves intlamed or weak eyes at once. Curr,
m lew hours. + gr nulatpd lids nothIg
better, Ask tor It and have no other.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-08-04
II. Il A. M.

MASTERS LODGE, No 244--Stated commu-
Il nication upon third Monday night of each
month at Hall In Masonic Temple.
E. f. McCroSkey, Sec. 81. W. Hall, WIN.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Save Your Hair-Keep 1t Beautiful.

The London Hair Color Restorern is
the most delightful article ever introduced
ferent from all other restorers, being entire
ly free from all impure ingredients
that render many other articles for the hair
obnoxious. Where badness or falling of
the hair exists, or prematurely grayness
from sickness, or other causes, its use will
restore the natural youthful color, and
cause healthy growth, cleansing the scalp
from all impurities, dandruif, etc, at the
same time a most pleasing and lasting hair
dressing, fragrantly perfumed, rendering
the hair soft and pliable, making it an in
dispensible article in every toilet, Ask your
druggist for London Hair Color Restorer
Price 70 cents bottle. Six bottles. 81
Main depot for the United States, $50 North
Sixth street, Philadelphia.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

during 10 minutes, and remain
being blind for LOO hours, or fifty days
Continuing this examination, this pains.
taking critic also finds that the faiutins
fits ofthe mother Of the hero have never
attained total duration of thirty-three
hours and twenty minutes, while the swoons
ofthe heroine have extended to twenty-six
hours and forty minutes only. These curl
Gus computations may serve at least to
awaken sympathy for the WEAKNESS in
nicted on actors by the modern fashion of
long runs.n-TNew York Tribune.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Miseellameo,,s aaants.

WASIED-To rent good and comfortable
w house, 3 or rooms, for the coming wear
VIM rent by the month or by the year. Desire
IL 70 beiu good neighborhood and convenient
10 me square. Address Jas. S. Evans, care of
Adams & Leonard. diI'S, "
WANTED-ro rent good piano with priv.
iege OF buying II price suits. Address
" 1rutcher lock box 2iS, apply at 7Ol
Main street up tairs dII St
WANTED-By II Kruegel cornente- on5
w builder, corner Sycamore and Cor. mercy ",rc
streets at our carpenter shop, from $40 Ia siOOO0
worth OF carpenter work. jobbing' etc or nd.
dress lock box 1871, Dallas Texas, now N cow
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Long-Running Piays.

be Theatre du Chatslaine, Paris, the
of"Mionael strogofir' has reached
pth representation. and Partisan
calculates that from first 10 last the
pas been on his knees before the
Pust sevcnty-iive hours, or more
Pree entire days, besides having the
sabcr passed before his eyes
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Pyslclan's Advice ofhow to Gain Health

HARRISBURG, Pa, March 30, 1881.
Pthing is more charming and attractive
thoroughly healthy, perfectly formed
Pani bright-eyed, rosy, laughing, joy
|happy-faced girl, one who finds keen
ufe IN merely living. An invalid wife
pther is constant object Of sympathy
pn otherwise contented household.
ny the home whose women folk enjoy
~ health. In my practice | have
s recommended sickly women to use
JUS Iron Bitters. In case of irregu-
8, dyspepsia, indigestion, heartburn,
q, sour stomach, nervousness and ex-
I'VE debility, | find Il exceeds oil other
iles as q true medical tonic. II never
70 gently soothe. refresh and
then the general system, and espe,
those parts made weak by continued
si and what satisfies me most Is, that
res, although In some instances grad
always permancnt.-D. ID.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Christmas Things.

Everybody is thinking of getting them.
A, Bond & Co., Main street, have Just re-
ceived a fresh supply of raisins, currants,
mince-meat, pickles, sauces, preserves, and,
in fact, everything that Is good to have any
day and Christmas too. Don't tail 10 call
on A. Bond & Co.. Main street.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Lost.



There will be held meeting Of the stock.
holders OF the Dallas Il Wichita Railroad Com.
pany ut the general office OF the company, In
the city of Dallas, on Thursday, the 18th day OF
December, 1881, for the purpose named In the
following resolution:
Resolved That meeting OF stockholders Of
the Dallas& Wichita Railroad Company be called
TO meet the Office of said company In the city
Of Dallas, at the hour Of ~ o'clock noon the 18th
day Of December, A. d. 1881, for the purpose Of
deciding upon the amount Of not exceeding
twenty thousand dollars per mile of bonds
which may be issued and negotiated by this
company for the purpose Of completing, coupling
and Improving lis line Of railroad, and paying lis
Indebtedness, from the city Of Dallas TO Denton,
In Denton county, as may be determined, and TO
fix Me rate of Interest on such bonds and to
authorize said bonds to be secured by first
mortgage on the property, franchises rights aud
privileges of said company, and that notice OF
said meeting be given, as required by law, And
at the same time and place there WIZ be held q
meeting Of the board Of directors Of said cor
poration for the transaction of such business MS
may come before II.
Dallas, October 1881. JIM. MCCORMICK
secv Dallas & Wichita Railroad COMPANY.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Notice of Assignment.

Notice is hereby given, that Il. Bauman,
Of the city and county of Dallas, State OF
Texas, has this day made an assignment to
me, for the benefit of his creditors, who are
notified to file with me certified state
ment of their accounts against the said
Bauman. ALEXANDER 0RTLIEB, assignee.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

Where you will find Joe, who carries a
large stock of fine Kentucky Whistles,
Wines Brandies, ETC., fragrant cigars, and
in addition superb Understand, supplied
with the best of edibles.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
The Place.

Travellers bound for Dallas and residents.
can get tirst-class meal prepared in the
best style at the Union Restaurant, ut the
Union Depot, run by Fred Peet, veteran
restauranter, who understands how to cater
to the public.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Land agents; office No 100 Main Stree
a:nr Rc,tt.


E'oR RENT-The Armory of the O. c. G's,No'
l. S2S Elm ST, can be rented by dancing clubs
ana other societies Is well furnished and con
NeInen'l! locateu' dl4.2L
LNOR RENT-Two Pianos 10 rent Mt C. n IA.
Il wards, 72j Main st dl9lw
EOR RENT-To one or two gentlemen n nicely,
L furnished front ROOM hanging closets, and
clstern water, Also two room cottage uuflr
nlshed. Apply corner Houston and Polk street
~, oVO. d9.it
L'oR RENr-On the 9th day of January 1881
L building, No, Gil Elm st now occunied nv
the Union City Furniture Co. building S5yi5o
,Get upper story 25X7j feet John Browning.
W.. Ellll 81, daft
nor RENT-Two elegantly furnished rooms,
1 liz NAN ~ daft
ENOR RENT--Fcur good farms for sale or rent
l. near Wills Point Texas, on liberal terms,
also 80 town lots In Wills Point for snle, Terms
diff 80 wal
IGOR RENT.-The celebrated hotel known as
u the y Neal House, for rent Furniture can
be bought Jno, A. ONcal, Wills Point Texas
diff
EOR RENT-A large warehouse i5xlOO In East
Dallas, on the side track of the T. &P r, II,
one OF the most convenient receiving and shin.
plng houses in the city. having the floor and
pla form level with the freight cars, with ood
comfortable Office aud Fairbanks floor scales
ron further particulars apply TO \ Bennett.
Dallas, Nov 2lst 1851 nov2l.tf
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

Don't miss to go to NJ. Rosenthal & Co. s
this week. Ladies' underwear at cost.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

Will be paid to any man that can
show up a suit for less money than A. & L.
Mittenthal can sell.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Boys Clothing

Corsets, side-lace, full braid, at 50 cents, at
NJ. Rosenthal 4 Co.'s.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

All of Orr's buggies and carriages have
Servants patent wheels is inch axles.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

Fringes and ornaments, a full line, at NJ.
Rosenthal Il Co.'s.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
Eor Sale.

E'ok sALE-One-ha block of land ON Har.
4 wood 81 between Live Oak and Bryan ON
reasonable terms. Improvements and good
wafer; Apply ON the premises or address Lock
WA .,, iOo. dl2-lw
toK kENT-Cottage with six rooms, corner
on premises dlo. a. Apply
tOR SALE OR RENT.-The nice Swiss hricI
cottage, on rooms, with two large cisterns
carriage house stable and cow house large
orchard and choice fruits, four acres of ground
S Siae oak grove between the residence of Mr.
Sshughter ana Fair Grounds Apply to Jones 4
Murphy, Real Estare Ag'ts. 7OS Main ST. DIFF
E0R SALE AT A Low SACRIFICE
l. business lots, with improvements, situated
on Main Street For further particles nnniv 10
Cohn, 7Os Main Street ' Apply :"
AND FOR sALE.-6iO acres patented 10 +
- Secuett on Mountain Creek, Dallas Co about
~ ,,ii i h southwest from Dallas title good and
VIII DC warranted by responsible parties living
Ill leAas; HUNT, LATHR0P Il HAYES.
k'oR SALE-Farms for rent or sale situated &
l. miles rom Dallas. Comfortable honses
plenty OF water. Also IS acres well adapted IN
Iruit vegetables, or MELONS Address o. p.
poMser,olo FIN, corner Market street nov26
t'OR SALE.-A farm of 100 acres Of r,cn
l. black soil, situated eight miles soutb wes
from Dallas. One half In fine state of cnluya'
uOn; balance pasture and timber-a nice ne,v
dwelling, with smoke-house and other ont.
houses ana q well of excellent, everlasting
WheF-oHeIcu low ana on easy terms by
JONES & MURPHY,
Land agents. Office No 700 Main Street
E'oK sALE-A suburban home, consisting of
l. mouse with four rooms an out house n
good clstern and two and "A halfor three acres Of
isnd, Situated three iourths of mile north of
the courthouse on Cedar Springs road inst ont
side OF the city of Dallas For terms apply IN
+, Gillespie attorney at law, office 6iO Main
street Dallas, Texas. ''"'''
E'OR SALE-A splendid farm of over GOO acres
L OF neh black land situated on White Roek
creek, about ten miles north from Dallas, and
y Texas Central railroad. Nearly 400 acres well
fenced and in cultivation. Five tenant houses
ample timber and an abundant supply of well
ana spring water. Bounded on the east by
white Rock creek. For sale cheap and ON EASY
terms by Jones Murphy, land agents. Office 70i
Main street. UNIV '''
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

For spices, currants, raisins, citron, go
to A. Bond x Co., Main street
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

Restaurant for Ladies and Gentlemen.
S. Mayer 93l and 933 Elm street has the
incest restaurant in this city.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

in endless variety, at less money thai
any house in Dallas, sat A. d Il. Mittentha's
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14
g,penty-ssiue Gent Column.
0oticcs.

NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. may be handed into
our business Office up to SIP. m, and into the
composing room mp to a. m.
81 OOO WIN buy iirst,class stock of gro
i,OOO ceries in Fort Worth. No hard
stock Goods bought before the advance. and
only hrSt cost asked. Must be sold before New
ear, Location good; rent low Satisfactory
reasons reasons given for selling Address GROCER,
D"las herald once, Dallas, Texas. d.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

EOR sALE-one-h half block of land on Har.
Il wood St between Live Oak and BRYAN on
reasohaple terms. Improvements and good
box 1887 dio ,s,, "'A
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

AND FOR sALE.-6iO acres patented TO F
lOmiles southwest from Dallas title good Nma
in Texas. HUNT, LATHR0P e II AVG uN'"
nOyo61m - NA-' 10
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

yenlently located. dIl0t
wards, 725 Main st dl9.lw
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-12-14

I'OR RENT The celebrated hotel known as
be bought Jno, a. o Neal, Wills Point, Texas
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-11-10
Tenement House Disaster.

NEW YORK, November 80 a. MAT 6 55
O'Clock this morning a three story tenement
house at the southeast corner Of South Fifth
avenue and Grand street fell in, burying the
occupants in the ruins The fire department
were Immediately summoned, and up to this
hour they, with the assistance of the citi-
Zens, had extricated five of the victims from
the debris. The life of two was extinct and
the others were seriously injured. How
many were in the building at the time of the
accident is not yet known. The work of
removing the debris is being pushed with all
speed
The ground floor of the building was oc-
cupied by Holland & O'Brien as a liquor
store, and the upper portion by tenants.
After the debris was cleared away, Mary
Bold, 20 years old, and John Rudolph, with
his four children, were taken out of the
ruins. They were slightly injured, while Mary
Scovill was seriously, if not fatally, injured,
All of them were sent to st. Vincent Hos
pital. Half an hour later the firemen who
were called out to search the ruins. found
the dead bodies of Francis Knaupp, aged 45
years, and his son. Catharine Boder was
also taken out SO seriously injured that she is
not expected to survive The cause of the
accident was not ascertained. Firemen are
busy at work, and an active force has Just
been called out to explore the ruins.
Two houses fell, instead of one, as first
reported.
This evening the fremen secured the
women, Mrs Hill, from under the ruins.
She was severely bruised, and was suffering
from the shock.
The list of dead bodies has been swelled
to seven. The bodies of Jno. Thompson,
the negro, and Frank and Chester, the two
children of Mrs. Hill, have been added
to those already found. 1t is believed that
more dead will be brought to light as the
excavation grounds. The police have
! driven the tenants out of the adjoining
house, which has been injured and is a
very shaky building Inspectors say that
the accident was due to the falling of patti
tion walls. The other tenants of the fallen
houses were Mrs. Bacler and two sons.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-11-10

A SHORT dispatch appeared in our
columns yesterday which may have
escaped the attention of our readers,
but which is matter OF interest to
all. 1t relates to the great strike in
the Staffordshire towns am3ng the
potters. 1t is district which furn-
ishes pottery to the world If it
continues, and the prospect is that
it viii, it will affect the price Of
china, queensware, &C., all over the
world. The prospect is that there
will be an immediate rise in the
price of these goods and shrewd
business men are. already making
their purchases in view of such an
event. Prices are almost certain te
rule higher.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-11-10
Doan' Lose Sleep for America.
Brother Gardner, in Free Press.

LAS mite as [ war gwine pas
McGuffy's grocery" solemnly began
Brother Gardner, as Samuel Shin
finally got through pounding the
stove. as l war gwine pas McGuf-
fy's grocery, dar sat de ole man Lee.
l reckon you all know de ole man.
He sat dar on a box, hat on de back
OBJ his head an feet obstructin' de
sidewalk, an he was sayin' to de
crowd dat de present greatest need
of dis kentry was an increase of
currency. Las winter all he got to
eat cum from de poo'-master, an all
de clothes his family wore cum from
charitable people. 1 doan' reck
on he has dun one squar days work
dis hull season, an I'm quite sartin
dat his wife am Ear' r'fut an his chilren
hungry, an yit he sot dar spoutin
bout de needs of de keutry same as
if he war carryin' half de States in
his west pocket. Let me say to you
all right yere dat none of you need
shoulder yourselves wild any respon~
sibility in regard to dis kentry. Jist
letter slide. Ii she runs off de track,
dats none of your lookout. l know
dozen Guild men in dis city who
am continually worried about de ex-
pansion or contraction of de currency,
tree trade or pertecshun, an odder
queshuns, an ebery one of EN-
ragged an hungry. Doan you lose
any sleep fur fear America won't git
up right eand fust in de mawnin' All
you have to do am to begin work at
seben an leave off at six, an if de
kentry busts her biler you'll have
suthin laid by to emigrate on.
doan' keer two cents fur de political
fucher Let EN- contract or expand,
swet or shrink. nail down de kiver or
leave de box open-Tm counted out
When 1 have done my days work
an got my pay, I have no furde1
G. aims on de kentry. While I pay
my debts an obey de laws, she has
no furder claims on me. We will
now enter upon de usual reckless
program of bizness." "
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-11-10
MINOR DISPATCHES.

seZ
SAVANNAH, November 6.-The Georgia
Central Railroad a decided to make one
cent mile rate to the Atlanta Exposition
over its system of roads in this State, special
days for excursions to be fixed by the heads
of the several lines under its control
COLUMBUS, Ga, November IN. c.
Gordon, dry goods merchant of this city
suspended to-day. Mortgages amounting
to $25, 900 were foreclosed, and his stock is
now in the hands of sheriff The iabiIi-
tiles are over $50, 900 and the assets esti-
mated at $50, 900
GALVESTON, November S-The charter of
the Galveston and Rio Rio Grande Rail-
road Company was filed at Austin yester-
day. 1t provides for a line from Galveston
to Loredo, and also branch from point
in the Live Oak County to Rio Grande
city. The capital stock is $125, 600.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-11-10
What are Wild Oats!
From a Sermon by J. o. Peck.

Wild oats are certain wild, way
ward lawless, sinful actions in the
life of the young man. A general
recklessness characterizes sowing
wild oats. Profanity, the familiar
language of vice, soothing at sacred
things, irreverance, a defiant indiffer-
ence to virtuous conduct, is called
sowing wild oats. Intimacy with
fast company, late hours, all night
debauches, is called sowing wild oats.
Frequenting billiard halls, gambling
rooms, drinking saloons, is called
sowing wild oats. An honorable man
will do only honorable things, pure
man, pure things, an honest man,
honest things, good man,
good things, and by invinci
bic logic the man who does
wicked things is wicked man. Any
young man must wear that trade
mark who sows wild cats. Wild
oats must be harvested, and the ter
rible fact meets us that the majority
of young men never get over the
sowing of wild oats. And those who
do reform have suffered irreparable
injury Look at the harvest santa
rily. Good health is q fortune See
how men seek to recover it when
lost, traversing oceans and CONT
nents,. seeking the tropics and cool
mountains, drawing on medical
science and impoverishing all phar
macy. Profigacy of health is enor-
nous folly. Often there is no place
for repentance, although it be sought
with tears. But all sins labeled
"wiId oats are vandals that destroy
public health. They are grave dig
gers. Wild oats are the only crop
that grow up by gas light.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-11-10
WHO PUNCHES THE COINS
Tho Amount Realized From the Boring
Process.
New York Evening Post.

New York Evening Post.
A reporter asked James N. Sampson, the
veteran detective employed at the sub
treasury, to what the government detectives
attributed the sudden increase in the num-
Der of clipped and punched coins, which
has attracted SO much attention of late. Mr..
Sampson said it was perfectly well known
that nine -tenths of the punching was
done i'll this city by Cubans. A num-
ber of silver CONS were clamped together
in q roll, and, in less time than it
takes to write an account of it, a whole is
drilled through the whole lot. The value of
the silver obtained by punching hole of
usual size III com amounts to about one
twentieth of the value of the coin, so that
every roll of twenty-five quarter dollars, the
value of one quarter dollar is obtained III
moment by running drill through the roll
Nlr Sampson says, also, that many of the
punched COINS come from Mexico and
south America, where our silver coins cir
euiate freely, and rarely escape mutilation.
several attempts have been made of late
years to break up the systematic punch
ing OF CONS but with little success. Only
Two CONVICTIONS for the offense have
Deen made In ten years. Mr.. Sampson re-
lnalAeu 5L thaI WhlIe the business of punching
A AAiAAbs5 So1uo WIS dlulOSU wholly Ill the
hands OF the Cubans, the business of sweat
ing gold coins by shaking them up in a
buckskln bag is attributed by the detectives
10 the denizens of Chatham street. BY
shaking bag containing 1000 eagles for
three hours the result in gold dust viii be
worth about $40. MIR. Floyd, the chief
clerk of the assay Office, said that the gov
ernment rules relating to light weight gold
coins were defective and tended to
keep such coins in circulation When
gold coin less than twenty years
old is abraded to more than one-half pei
cent. of its value it is stamped an g L al
the sub-treasury and returned to whoever
offers it, instead of being sent to the mint.
The object is to force the holder to take i.
to the assay Office or mint, to be sold at its
real value. instead of which it goes into cir
culation again. The trouble is that Con
gress has never made any provision for Ie-
deemng mutilated or even abraded
com. Many persons think that all pieces
that have been worn down beyond recog-
milton IN actual service should be redeemed
at par. The difficulty is to tell when q
piece has been worn smos.a through use O,
brought to that conditiot by sweating o,
other artificial means Mr. FLOYD consider.
that the mutilation of silver coin does uo
need government interference, because, un
hke the abrasion of gold, the mutilation OF
snVer com can be detected at once, and il
ies'S with the government to drive sucb
CONS out of circulation