davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

English poulterers have come at
last to admit that the flesh of the
European turkey, however elabor-
ately fAttensd 1t may he, is neither
SO soft nor so luscious as that of the
American,and especially the Mexi-
can bird. 1t was Sir George Strick-
land who first brought the turkey
into Eng gland, subsequently obtain.
ing from Edward vi. gu augmen-
tatiOn to the family arms in the
shape of a crest Of turkey cock in
his pride "prOper." Although
Archbishop Cranmer tried mildly
to discourage as luxurious vanity
the consumption of this arrogant
fowl, by ordering that not more
than Que turkey cock should be
served up at synodal dinner, the
bird found immediate acceptance
at the tables of the great, where he
soon superseded the tHperb looking
but too strongly tasting swan.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
COURT REPORTS.

Superior ...sEpULvEDA, J
THURSDAY, Jan. ".
PicO vs. Motion to dismiss
appeal deferred till Feb. 10th, at o.
A. NJ.
F. N. Baker vs. J. X. Baker-Mo.
ton to set aside dismissal of the
cause and to reinstate same on
calendar set for argument Monday,
Jan. 81, 1881, at 10 A. NJ.
Gilmore vs. White ct alien
days time for defendants to an.
swer.
Pico va Martinez-Rese for Tues.
day, Feb. Let, 1881, at 10 AM.
Lambourn ct al. We H. Levi ct al.
Motion to change place of trial
argued and submitted.
SET FOR TO DAY.
Sepulveda VS. PIco ct al.
HOWARD. ].
l.. A. Co. Bank W. Horgan ct al.
-CDse closed.
In re guardianship of +. C. May.
nard-Pstition of Maria Ink for
letters of guardisndship heard and
granted; bond, 5000.
Ralph vs Hare-Set for Friday,
Feb. 4, 1881, at 10 A. NJ.
Laventhal Va Creditors-Passed
until tomorrow at 10 A. NJ.
Pico va Pico ct alien days fur
tber time to plead, answer or de.
muir.
In re estate Of A. Pico, deceased
Continued ten days; ten days
given to r.. Pico, administrator, to
plead.
SET FOR TO-DAY.
County Bank vs. Mitchell.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Queen Victoria has conferred on
Mr.. Gier, All Irishman and a sur.
gson In the British army, the frat
Albert medal ever accorded to a
medical man. 1t was given for an
act of singular heroism. Lieut..
Graham, an officer in the same
regiment, was attacked with diph.
iberia so fiercely that the tube
through which breathing was eff
fected was choked up, and his
throat was cut to allow air to pass,
but the deadly membrane grew so
fast over the wound that suffoca-
ton was imminent. and to prevent
1t DR.. Gier for three days sucked
out the poison with his tongue to
keep the passage clear. His efforts
were Intellectual. 1t will be re.
membered that Princess Alice
caught this fearful complaint. Of
which she died. from kissing one Of
her sick children.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

At a recent bird show in Berlin,
Germany, green canaries were ex-
hibited. Others were red, light
brown, and gray. The variations
of color had been caused by the
daily use of cayenne pepper In
their food. The pepper was Mt first
given In small quantities, and the
birds appeared to like 1t, but the
feathers soon fell. giving them a
moulting appearance. In a short
time new feathers of divers cOlors
sprouted. The variations were
ascribed to the different qualities
Of the pepper aud to the quantity
given.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
Railroad AnticIpations.
| Tucson Start

In conversation with Mayor Carr
Mr.. Croker said that the Southern
Pacific would have through con.
nectiOn to the Gulf and New Or
leans by October next; that then
they would have a line of steamers
to Europe, aud would be prepared
to move the wheat crop In that
direction, and bring emigrants west
at ten dollars per head. The line
of the Southern Pacific will pass
about four miles north of Ell Paso;
the location is determined upon in
order to avoid certain troubles in
regard to titles that exist there at
present.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

It is now stated confidently that
D. Maggie, IS Main street, sells the
cheapest and best qualities of boots
and shoes in this city. Ladies',
misses and ohildrsn's fine boots
and shoes a specially; gentlemen's
fine boots and shoes made to order
anatomically. Repairing neatly
done the same day that It is
brought. Sign of the mammoth
boot, opposite Temple Block. i25
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Fresh shrimps Tuesdays, Fridays
and Saturdays; California and
Puget Sound oysters, 25 cents per
plate; Eastern oysters every style;
hot and cold lunches and all the
delicacles Of the season served ON
the shortest notice at Congress
Hall, corner Of Main and Requena
streets. Boca beer, the best on the
Coast, always on hand, as we'll as a
full supply OF the best brands of
liquors, wines and cigars. En-
trance to ladies' rooms on Requena
street.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
70 Whom It May Concern.

Please take notice: Any person
having pledges or collaterals at the
Star Loan and Broker Office, No. 4
Commercial street, will please re-
deem the same or pay accrued in
terest thereon within thirty days
from this date or they will be sold.
P. H.-Money loaned on all kinds
OF personal property. mr30tf
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
BUSINESS ENTERPRISE.
rHE HERALD STEAM PRINTING
House makes speciality of Legal
Printing. Briefs, Transcripts, etc.'
printed at low rates.

Congress water, Hupyadi Janos
water, Apollinaris water, Fried.
richshall Bitter water, Vichy and
Settler water, all fresh and genu-
Inc, always In stock; by the guam.
tity at Eastern prices, at Heinzs.
man & Ellis's.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Holmsn's, the Lion kidney and
lung pads, Scott's Emulsion, HON.
eopathic specifics, patent medi-
cines and nOn-secret remedies, Be.
thesda and other mineral waters,
are always to be had at Preuss &
PirOnis.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

A Chef D'Oeuvre in the art Of
perfumery Is the composition of
new and distinctive 0dors, as In the
case Ut the latest perfumes in satin
and Russia leather. cases, just re-
ceived by Preuss & Pironi, No. 81
Spring street.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
MONDAY, THE 3lst DAY OF
JANUARY, A. D. 1881,

At twelve O'Clock NJ. OF said
day, will proceed 70 sell,
AT the Court House door, in the
City and County of Los Angeles, State Of
California, at public auction 70 the high.
states gold coin, to satisfy said decree for
principal. and interest, attorneys fees,
costs and all accruing costs, all the
above described real estate or SO much
thereof as msy be necessary to satisfy
said sums.
Given under my hand at the city and
county of Los Angeles, State OF Califor.
MIA, this the Sth day OF January. A. d.
VIM. r. ROWLAND, sherin.
ny JAS. q. KAXS, Under sheriff.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

F. Lindquist, merchant tailor,
No. 20 Spring street, Is himself u
practical cutter; and, having had
ample experience In San Francisco
and Los Angeles, knows how to
meet the requirements OF his Gus.
toners. He keeps full supply Of
the best cloths constantly on hand
aud makes them up "upon honor"
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

A number Of desirable rooms to
let at No. Z Third street. The loca-
ton fs accessible and desirable
from every standpoint. TIE neigh
b0rhoof Is good and the house is
barely five minutes walk from the
Court House.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Go to DR.. Saxton & Co., druggists,
for your drugs. medicines and tot.
let articles. We are selling every
thing In the drug line cheap for
cash. Prescriptions II speciality;
lis Main street.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

The largest stock of trusses,
shoulder braces, supporter and
elastic stockings in Los Angeles,
together with q full assortment of
patent medicines, at Eastern
prices, at Heinzeman & Ellis's.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

The colorlst does dyeing and
securing at No. 8 Also street.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
Change Of Agency.

The Agency Of the Fireman's Fund
and the Hartford Fire Insurance Com
panies, has this day been transferred
from me to DANIEL ULLMAN.
8. H. BUCHANAN.
Los Angeles, Dec. q. 1850.
Parties wishing 10 insure in rst-class
companies Will do we'll to call on me.
DAN'L ULLMAN,
Insurance Agent,
d3O.lm Turner street.
Sec the Concolodor in his won
derful transmutation Of cOlors at
the dyeing and securing establish
ment, No. 8 Also street.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Shave yourself. Preuss & Pironi
are the agents for the electric razor
and the genuine Russia leather
razor s,rop. Try them.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

$l200 III! ~; ];
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Hughes's Russian Baths. LO.
GATED No. Is Main street, opposite
the Pico House. Gentlemen and
ladies attended to by persons of
heir own sex.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Most complexion powders have q
vulgar glare, but Preuss's vel.
veteen Is Q true beautifier whose
effects are lasting.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Clothes cleaned or dyed, then
mended and pressed and warranted
to look like new, at No. s Also
Ltreet.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS,
Mortgage sale.
No. 637.
Narclsse Savaria, Plaintiff,

I N the Superior Court of the County OF
IL Los Angeles, State OF California.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

Five hundred dollars worth Of
ooond.hAud olothlng wanted ct
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

This Concert Is under the leadership OF
]. M. Carter, who sings the part OF the
Recluse. The solos and chOruses. will
be rendered by some of our best local
talent.
No pains have been spared to max Q
this one of the finest concerts ever given
In Los Angeles.
ADMISSION. soc
Tickets for sale at L. Levin 4 Co. 8
Bookstore. Ja26 I'd
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
Rucklen's ArnIca Salve.

The BEST SALvE in the world for
cuts, bruises, sores, ulcers, salt
rheum, fever sores, letter, chapped
hands, chilblains, corns. and all
kinds OF skin eruptiOns. This
salve Is guaranteed to give perfect
satisfaction in every case or money
refunded. Price Is cents per box.
For sale by Heinzeman & Ellis,
wholesale agents, Los Angeles.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Letter Lat.

The following is the list Of letters
remaining in Wells, Fargo & Co.'s
Express Office for the week ending
Jan. 9th, 1881:
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
l Wonderful Discovery.

For the speedy cure of consump p
ton and all diseases that lead to 1t,
such as stubborn coughs, neglected
colds, bronchitis, hay fever, asth.
ma, pain In the side and chest, dry
hacking cough, tickling In the
throat, hoarseness, sore throat, and
all chronic or lingering diseases Of
the throat and lungs, DIR. KINGS
NEW DISCOVERY has no equal and
has established for itself q world
wide reputation. Many leading
physicians recommend and use it
in their practice. The formula
from which 1t is prepared is highly
recon mended by ali medical Jour
mails. The clergy and the press
have complimented 1t in the most
glowing terms. Go to your drug
gist and get q trial bottle free Of
cost, or q regular size for ST.. For
sale by HeiDzeman Il Ellis, Los
Angeles, Wholesale Apents.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
MONEY TO LOAN,
FOR SALE-FoR RENT.
FOR RENT.

A house containing six rooms and q
kitchen; centrally located. Price. SIS.
Apply to Y. BEAUDRY,
j22.lw No. 81 New High street.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

STATE OF CALIFORNIA, l..
County OF Los Angeles. 3d.
], E. f. Spence. Cashier of the above.
named Bank, do solemnly swear that
the above statement is true to the best
of my knowledge and belief.
f. +. SPENCE, Cashier.
Subscribed and sworn to before me,
this 18th day of January, 1881.
(Seal.) j. A. GRAVES,
Notary Public.
CoRRFCr-Attest:
J. n. HOLLENBECK,l
q. y. WITHEKBY, Directors.
+. n. SPENCE,
jal8
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
ESTRAY.

A WHITE HORSE, which the owner
can recover at Franconi's stable, No. 10
Also street, on paying charges. Ja26 lw
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

CAPITAL STOCK. paid up In j..
S2UUs0VV
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

County Bank vs. Mitchell.
Laventhal VS. Creditors.
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28
wANTs->LosT-FouND.
Wanted.
Situation Wanted.

By q competent girl to do general
qulre at Sisters Hospital. jazz 1w
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

R e p O r. IT
Daily Los Angeles herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1876-1884, 1881-01-28

or the Amount OF Capital actually paid
up in gold coin.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1881-03-19
How TO destroy MeIon Lice.

Inquiry is made in the Farmer and
Fruit Grower as to how melon lice
may be checked to prev ent them from
destroying melon crop. One would
think this inquiry would not have
been made by subscribers if they had
read the articles in the Farmer and
Fruit Grower from the pens of j. Ii.
Miller of Anna p. o., and Isreal San
derson of Pulaski p. o., during the
past summer. Everything that can
be practically done to destroy insects
so as TO enable one to grow melons has
been set forth. Let the inquirers con-
suit the files Of the paper. Certain 1t
is that If melon lice are well distributed
over patch the best remedy to pre-
vent them from destroying the vines
for they usually destroy them-is to
Immediately pillow the vines under and
SOW the ground 10 buckwheat, corn,
or some other crop to pillow under green,
and the next year use the ground for
corn, wheat, oats or potatoes-not
melons or other vines of this family,
and the species of lice die for want of
breeding place. But the curse of the
melon grower Is a man who has had a
little luck i'm melon growing, but who
has paid DO attention TO lice. That
man may "hist' every melon grower
lin a "goodn season for lice) in his
neighborhood. So enquirers who want
to go into the melon (cantaloup) bust
ness look around and see who that
man" is, and If he Is near about any
other crop you can grow may be more
profitable to you. MIR. II. &. Bouton
keeps a file of his paper. :.
Pulaski, ILL.,, February, 1881.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1881-03-19
Early Peaches.

The very interesting and instructive
article on peach growing, by w. &.
Barry, In your paper Of the 5th inst,
reminds me that the experience Of
every man Is instructive to others en-
gagged I'm the same business even his
errors may teach a valuable lesson.
Ny experience In peach growing has
been long enough to demonstrate that
II " very Uncertain business. pro-
pose now, 70 speak more particularly
Of two OF three Of the varieties. We
had very fine crop Of peaches In 1880.
Three Of the new early varieties fruited
for the first time with US. Amsden,
Alexander and Beatrice. The first
two Of these I pronounce identical.
They are the same in growth, in leaf,
10 glands, in bloom, in fruit, and in the
time ofripening.
I obtained buds Of the Amsden from
J. G. Teas, and one Of the Alexander
from Caps 4 Son, and have them
both from other sources. II there IL
any difference / am unable todetecti IL.
I picked the first Of these for market
on the 18th Of June the largest pick
ing was on the 22nd. They were large
and Of good flavor; some o. the largest
specimens measured 81 inches in cir
conference. They resemble their pa
rent (Hales Early In shape and sizs,
and In quality, and unfortunately they
Inherit The worst fault Of the Hale,
that n, q habit Of roiting about the
time of ripsuing. But for this fault ]
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1881-03-19

should say they are about all we want
for their season. This almost fatal
defect renders it necessary TO still ex-
pertinent with seedlings, not TO get an
earlier peach, we do not want them
earlier, but TO get them free from the
propensity to rot The varieties under
discussion are as hardy as any we have.
The first of the Beatrice were picked
of high color and Indifferent flavor
is an apple-but like that celebrated
fruit they sell well in the market; (col-
or does it,) and are therefore valuable
to the market orchardist. 1t is very
hardy and not subject to rot. We
have Seeding ripening at the same
time, larger and better peach, which
we hope will displace the Beatrice. 1t
has not fruited often enough yet to
determine.
On the 7th of July we picked the
first Hale for market. Notwithstand-
ing its pre-disposition to rot, this has
been our most profitable peach in a
period of twelve years.
Troth's Early is next in order of ripen-
ing; 1--WE do not cultivate Early York
and 1illotson,) it is one of the hardest
of the small doomed varieties, of fair
quality, and handsome, though not
large. We need peach of better
quality to displace it. But | did not
start out to go through the list. Twill
close by saying your advice is in the
right direction when you say we ought
to breed for hardness rather than earli-
ness, and let the quality take care Of
itself. 1t is apt to be good enough.
We have q fair prospect for crop
this year, Notwithstanding the Their
mometer has been as low as 10 degrees
a degree of cold usually fatal to the
peach buds in this latitude.
tits proper that | should say the sea-
son of 1880 was fully one week earlier |
than the average.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1881-03-19
Framing Grapes.


The San Mateo Call Journal says
=" On the Alpine Rancho, occupied
by Charles b. Sears, there Is Vine
yard of several thousand vines of all
descriptions OF grapes, foreign and
domestic. For six or seven years, the
vines have been each year, scientifi-
cally, as 1t is called, pruned by cut
ting back 10 the traditional two or
buds, and the ground has been regu-
larry ploughed and highly cultivated.
The vines resisted all this kind treat
ment and refused to bear well, al
though making each year Magnet
cent growth of wood, and showing a
fine healthy stock and root. An ex-
pertinent was tried with the vineyard
this year a small portion was pruned
and cultivated in the usual manner,
the larger portion being left entirely
unpruned and uncultivated. The re-
suit is remarkable. In the latter por-
,tion of the vineyard the ground is
fairly covered with fine well ripening
gtapes, making a yield far beyond the
ordinary crop of average grape vines,
while in the pruned and cultivated
portion the vines exhibit but few
buDcheslo f perfect grapes. This great
success seeruy uttributri}e 10 two
causes chiefly First, that cultivation
and pruning caused too great growth
OF wood, thus drawing away from the
fruit hearing tendency; second, the
pruning caused the vines to have a
high straight stem, thus elevating the
fruit from the ground into the cool,
moist touches of fogs at times: while
letting the vines run caused them to
spread out fiat ON the ground, and the
grapes lying immediately upon the
warm earth and In contact with II are
thus sheltered from the adverse infiu-
ences operating higher above, and
were thus fully developed and
ripened.u
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1881-03-19

Ii soon became an interesting question
ms to who was the proprietor of this
particular block Of trees-myself or
the "bug Ethiopian" A disinterest-
ed observer of judicial turn of mind,
judging from the general appearance
of things and the very "at home" air
assumed by the bugs, would have
said they had the best ease. lie would
at least, have beer compelled to admit
they had thine points of the law"
possession) in their favor. | never
saw the like before. The trees were
alive with aphis. The only scarce
things Oh the trees were leaves, there
being hardly enough to afford 'stand-
ing room" for all the dusky guests.
However, not being convert to the
doctrine of "squatter sovereignty" l
declared war, and failing to decrease
the number by ordinary means,
soft soap and carb0lic
acid, and with single application
exterminated the enemy II. T. s.,
in Gardeners monthly.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1881-03-19
Curious Calculations.
N. Y. Times.

N. Y. Times.
Some curious astronomical calcula-
tions have been psepared by Mr.. G. b.
Warning before the Poughkeepsie So
ciety of Natural Science, few OF
which possess general interest. IL we
suppose the distance between the
earth and the sun (about ninety-two
and one-third millions of miles, to be
reduced to dozen rods or more, the
size of the two globes to be reduced in
the same proportion, the distance
from the earth to the nearest fixed
star would still be, on the same scale
about 5000 miles, and TO the more
distant ones it would not be less than
5000, 600 of miles.
From those more distant stars the
light must travel for sixty centur-
les before ii reaches us-and yet light
travels so fast that il would circle
round the earth more than seven
times in one second of time. If the
sun could be reduced, in imagination,
to LOO of an inch, in diameter, the
earth would then be of microscopic
size, about lilo, 900 of an inch, but the
distance between 1t and the nearest
star would not be less than three
miles. If the sun were hollow
sphere, and the earth was placed at
its center, with the moon revolving
around in its established orbit, there
would still be distance of 20O, 900 miles
from the luna orbit to the surface OF
the solar sphere.
If these relations of size and dis
tancc are inconceivabie, the forces
which compel the planet to move in
its ecliptical orbit are quite as much
beyond our comprehension. A bar of
steel three inches square will sustain
a weight of $40 tons, but bar having
a section of la square inches, would
sustain S640 tons, which upon rail
road would require 66i cars TO sup
port ii and twenty-three locomotives
to transport IL. To defect the moon
from a straight course into its present
orbit, or what is the same thing, to
retain II in its present course, would
require the united strength of not less
than eight steel bars, each 100 miles
square, or, more accurately, a single
bar whose section Is $500 square
than large enough to
cover the States of New York and
Ohio together.
III this force was represented by a
web of steel wires, each one-quarter
IF an inch in diameter, stretched from
he earth TO the moon, they would be
distributed over our earth ON the
noon side only six inches apart, and
4 a similar web were stretched from |
he earth to the sun, the force exerted
between these two bodies would re-
iuire the wires 10 cover one side OF
he earth as close together as blades |
" grass upon a lawn. ffr