davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
MT. UNION.


The Spring term of College is near
ing a close, and an unusual amount of
interest has been manifested among
the students in making preparation for
place on Monday, Tu sday and We'd
nesday of this week. The term has
been we'll attended, the number of stu
dents enrolled exceeds 2G0. The liter
ary societies connected with the college
have shown a marked improvement
over previous terms. These societies
are conducted entirely by the students
and are just what they make them.
The Cosmian Society will give an en-
tertainment on Wednesday evening Of
this week. The program promises to
be q good one. The Summer term will
begin on Thursday morning, May 5th.
On Wednesday evening of last week,
Prof. Armstrong. assisted by his class
in instrumental music, gave an enter
tainment in the Chapel; the program
consisted of vocal and instrumental
music. A recess of about an hour W.
had, which time was spent in socia-
BILE. During the recess three or four
of our Seniors thought they would add
to the mirth of the occasion by 'touct-
ing off the clock,p as the boys call it,
but their plans were frustrated by the
appearance of one of the profes ,ors,
who Informed them that the janitor
would regulate the clock to suit him
self.
Bass bal. is now looming up as the
favorite game among our boys, Last
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
Horrid HYdronhahia.

PORT CLINTON, April 2Sth.-Nine
weeks ago a young man named Dun.
ham, of Carroll township, near Port
Clinton, went 10 Kansas to seek his
fortune, iull' hope and energy.
Shortly alter his arrival there he was
bitten by a dog suspected of being af-
flicteG with rabies. The wound was
cause:izsd, and hopes were entertained
that nc seriou. results would follow.
The young man came home, however,
as the fear of being attacked with by.
drophobia worked upon his mind ter
ribly. A few days ago thu horrible
disease began to deyelop itself, and it
has now reached lis most terrible cli-
max. In his calmer moments the
young man begs his friends to end his
sufferings, and when he feels the hor-
rible spell creeping over bis quiyeripg
frame. he will beg them to 60 away
from him, lest in his mad frenzy he
should ;njure them. When the attack
seizes upon him he will dash about
the room on all fours after the manner
Of q dog, swapping at his attendants
and frothing at the mouth. Then he
will bark and howl dismally, and fin
ally fall on the floor in horrible con-
vulsions, with his bloodshet eyes art
ing from their sockets. Death will
probably soon end his sufferiugs.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

Saturday club from this place went
to Wooster to play a matched game.
Our boys, although they had not been
organized q week, had conceit enough
to believe they could carry off the
laure1s, and they did. The score was
Wooster s, errors 81 i; Mt. Union Is,
errors Z. The return game will be
played here one week from next Sat
urday.
There are some improvements being
made in town by way of building,
painting, new walks, &c. The board
Of health are taking active measures
to have everything removed that tends
to bring on sickness. There is plenty
of room for improvement.
It is reported that the measles have
made their appearance in town. As
yet but one case is reported.
The Legislature having adjourned,
Prof. E. N. Hartshorn is again found
at bis post of duty, ss Principal of the
commercial department of the college.
The students of that department are
glad to welcome him back to look after
their wants. ~
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
The Press TOR $3.50 a Year,
In advance.
THIRTY-sEvEN Republicans and Ma
hone is the way it is put now.

THIRTY-sEvEN Republicans and Ma
hone is the way it is put now.
PROF. PROCTOR predicts that the
earth will last $4,000, 900 years from
this time
THE entire business portion of the
town of Mt. Morris, Michigan, was
destroyed by fire on Fciday morning.
THE floods in the West have begun
to subside. The loss of life has been
small but the damage to property. inn
mense.
THE largest grain elevator in the
country, located at Girard Point, Phil
adelphia, was burned last Thursday
morning with 10000 bushels of grain
stored therein. The loss is estimated
at $3.50, 900.
THE State Convention of the Green
back party of Ohio, has been called to
meet in Columbus on the 18th of June
next. Each county will be entitled to
five votes and one additional vote for
every 25 votes cast for Charles A.
Lloyd at the last October election.
THERE can be no wiping out the fact
that the Republican members Of the
Senate and the Republican admins
tration are laboring to establish the
rule of the repudiators in Virginia.
still they boast that their party is de-
voted to the honorable and faithful
discharge of sacred obligations. 1t is
the party of false pr, tsnces.
THE original Garfield man-W. A.
w. Grier, of Pennsylvania voted
for Garfield first, last and all the time
in the Chicago Convention-dOn't
seem to think the Third Assistant
Postmaster Generalship rendered him
a sufficient reward for his distinguish
ed and valuable service, for he has re-
jected the proffered honor.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

The stalwart Republican organ, Har-
psr's Weekly, repudiates the RePubli-
can bargain with the Repudiator Ma
hone. In speaking of it, this Journal
of Civilization says:
"There is certainly some turning of
the tables when Republicans in the
Senate who have most warmly de-
nounced the rebel Brigadiers and in
sist upon strict financial honesty, are
found supporting a repudiating rebel
Brigadier as q friend and brother"
And the same Journal of Civilisa-
tien says of Malone:
"For his repudiating or readiust-
ing policy nothing can be said except
that any attempted reorganization of
the Republican party in Virginia upon
platform of national dishonesty
would certainly fail, as it ought to
fail"
And the same Republican journal
says Of Mahone's vete:
at it has been deliberately bought
with patronage it is mutual disgrace
to Mr.. Malone and to his buyers"
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
A RADICAL Mistake.

On Saturday last E. p. Hatfield,
Esq, received the following letter
frem a leading Republican politician
of benighted Ashtabuls:
JEFFERSON, Ashtabula Co., o.
April %, 1881.
E p. HATFIELD, Attorney at Law:
DEAR SIR:-We are pushing Hon.
H. B. Woodbury. for Supreme Judge.
What do you think of 1t? Can you
aid us in the effert7 Please write me.
Yours, with thanks,
WILLIAM III. RUGGLEs.
After inditeing the following brief
and pointed reply, Mr.. Hatfield passed
the letter into the hands of our neigh.
Dor of the Rep DEM, in order that
the political friends of Mr.. Ruggles in
old Portage may have the benefit Of
the important information it imparts,
and govern themselves accordingly.
This is Mr.. Hsffield's answer:
RAvENNA, April %, 81.
w. II. RUGGLEs, ESQ
DEAR SIR K:-Yours in regard to the
candidacy of Judge Woodbury. is re.
ceived. think the Judge would
make q right good looking corpse
(politicaD, and as such action a, may
take in politics during the coming
will be in the way Of seeing
that the corpse is ready, and as it must
be Republican one, your request
that go for" the Judge, meets my
hearty approval.
Truly yours, E. p. HATFIELD.
Mr.. Ruggles probAb has no further
questions TO ask on the subject, or if
he has, will seek for Information in
some other quarter.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

THE Republicans are sll torn up
over the nomination of Robertson,
and the leaders of the party are in
great doubt whether rejection or con-
firmation will damage the party most.
Ii is asserted that Conkling will fight
the confirmation TO the last, and char
ges the President with a wanton
breach of faith, and that his colleague,
Platt, joins him in the fight, declaring
that, sbonld the nomination be con-
frmed, he will resign his seat. The
President is urged, as the only means
of avoiding the rupture of the Repub-
lican party, to withdraw Judge Rob-
er;sOn's nomination, but he assured
the committee that In no event nor
under any circumstances would he Dc
so.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
A SHOCKING CALAMITY.

Fifteen or twenty Sch hooI C. Child rem
Drowned by the Oyerturning of
nm Old -Scow Furnished by the
City. --- ...
ELGIN, Ills, April 2S.-A frightful
calamity happened here this morning,
by which 10 or 20 lives were lost.
The particulars are briefly these: The
high water which for two weeks has
rushed down the river carried with 1t
the bridge connecting the east portisn
of the city with the west side. As
the public schools are on the west side
and the majority of residents on the
opposite side, this was very serious
portation, the city provided q common
scow, at q cost of $3.50. This scow
was propelled by an ordinary rope.
Until to-day the trips had all been
made safely but at 8 $50 o'clock this
morning, while in mid-stream, the
scow, with its precious load of school
children, capsized, and all but one
drowned.
1t is impossible thus early to learn
the names of the drowned, as scholars
were constantly crossing and recross-
ing. The entire population of the city
now line the river banks.and the fran
tic grief ard agony of the parents can
not be described, The one child saved
succeeded in clinging 10 the scOw,
which drifted toward the shore, and
was thus rescued. The current in the
river is rnnning unusually rapid, and
on this account the struggling children
were rapidly carried down stream and
perished.
ELGIN, Ills, April 2S-Later re
ports from the scene of the catastrophe
say the improvised ferry over Fox
River capsized in the middle Of the
stream while about thirty-three little
children were on board, of whom
twenty were saved. Several were
rescued by boats which Immediately
put out on either side. The following
are among the missing: Thos. MUIR
ply, married, aged 30; George Taylor,
aged 16, son of James Taylor, of Al
North street,, Guy Carlisle. aged 16.
son of Supervisor Carlisle, of No. 80
Stale street. The scow was Is by 16
feet, and was first used yesterday. 1t
has been condemned by the public
from the start.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

Repairing of Watches, Clocks,
Jewelry. SC.
Special attention given to the Re
pairing of fine watches, clocks, &c.
Jewslry neatly repaired. All work
warranted, and promptly done. Charg-
es as reasonable as any place in the
city. Jos. s. 3. SWAIN,
Ia Matchmaker and JeWeier,
Southeast corner Main and Chestnut
Streets.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

Akron, Ohio, May 7th, 1850. Some
three years ago had a horse become
very lame from a SPAWN. treated it
with Kendalps SPAWN Cure with
marked success, since then have sold
a great many bottles and have heard
of cures resulting from its use. I am
frank to say I can chesrfully recon-
mend it an honest remedy. Iremain
Your truly, A. M. ARMSTRONG.
Read the advertisement.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
Whitewashing.

nROF. POULTNEY would inform the peO.
e pie of Ravenna that he is OH hand and
ready to do all Jobs of Whitewashing that may
be intrusted to him, in a neat and workmanlike e
manner ALI orders left at his residence n
Eas+ Street (amiliarly known as Ricketty
Row, being the sixth house south of corner.
or at the Grocery Store of J. ii. Furry, will
receive prompt attention.
Rayenna, April Is, 1881, Goa
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

THE Cincinnati Commercial Of Mon
day says: "Mr. Mahene's support of
the Republican program in the Senate
may be purchased too dearly" But
then, if there was no bargain" as
the Republican leaders assert, how
could his support of the Republican
program hsYe been purchased ?"
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

ACCORDING to the Leader the Cleve-
land city government is fostering and
reeking with corruption. And yet it is
overwhelmingly Republican through
out. Do pure fountains send forth
bitter waters?
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

The National Committee of the M
tienal Greenback L dor party has
been called to meet at ST. Louis, June
7th, to elect Chairman in place of T.
H. Murch
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

DeLisle's Pink of Purity.
For the teeth. 1t cleans them, gives
a natural whiteness, delightfully."- per-
fumes the breath, and costs but 25 cts.
l.. p. Seymour sells it.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
THREATENED EXPOSE.
War Among the Roses {!

ing 70 Dlvulge the Corrupt Means
by which Garfield was Elected
FreSldemt.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
NOTICE.

HyHE undersigned has been duly appointed
and qualified executor of the will of
j acob Hartlerode, deceased late of Ravenna
TOWNSHIP :, Portage County. Ohio.
ENOCH MORGAN.
PALMYRA, O., Al pril II. 1881. 660-3w
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

SENATORS Anthony and Hawley
are both proPrietors of newspapers.
1t is an extraordinary fact that whilst
these Senators are obeying caucus die
tation by supporting the Malone bar
gain. the papers theyyown and some-
times edit are denouncing it. 1t is an
anomalous condition of things to find
Messrs. Anthony and Hawley as jour-
aIists condemning their own course as
limited States Senaters.--Pitts.P Post.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

THE labor troubles throughout the
country seem to be augmenting and
strikes to be on the increase. Still it
is asserted that business is booming
and the country prosperous. It does
not seem that laboring men entertain
that opinion, however, for the signs of
discomfort are manifest in every quar-
ter. While the prices of manufactured
products and the cost of living have of
late been constantly on the increase,
there has not been corresponding in
crease in the wages of labor, and hence
working men have resorted to strikes
to force unwilling employers to comply
with their demands. This is hardly
the rosy picture the Radical politicians
painted to the mental vision Of their
dupes during the Presidential contest
but a few months ago.
WE presume the stalwartism of the
Chicago Tribune will not be question
ed by any Republican Senator in
Washington, nor will any of them at
tempt to read it out of the party for
expressing its opinion on the present
attitude of its friends.
The conduct of the United States
Senate is all the moro ereprehensible in
this case because it is not, and was not
at any time, necessary to postpone ac-
ton on the Presidents nominations in
order to contend for the control of the
Senate offices. The Senate could give
all the time required for consideration
of the Executive appointments, and
yet renew the struggle over the pro-
posed election of Messrs. Gorham and
It is the constitutional
duty of the Senate to act promptly on
the nominations which the President
sends in. If the President himself,
upon whom the Constitution imposes
the duty of appointing the Govern
ment officers, Should deliberately re-
fuse to discharge this duty for some
reason of his own, and should thereby
imperil the proper administration Of
affairs, he would subject
to the danger of Impeachment
for malfeasance in Office. But. since
the Constitution provides that the Sem
ate shall confirm or reject his appoint
ments, that body is equally response
ble for the administration of public
affairs, and Senators who agree to un-
and embarrassing delay in
acting upon the nominations are just
as guilty of official misconduct as the
President would be in the former case.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
SEALED PROPOSALS

VIII be received at the Office of the Clerk Of
Paris Township. Portage County, o., until II
pollock at noon on the 2lst day of May. 1881, for
building a School House in sub district No l.
according to the plans and specifications on file
in said onice. None but the lowest responsible
bid will be accepted, and the Board may reject
al bids.
BY order of the Board of Education.
j. A. MORGAN.
66O.4w+ Township Clerk.
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
Big Bia.e In warren.

Warren wss visited by a destructive
fire about three o'clock Tuesday after
noon, which destroyed Min Young's
warehouse, Douglas machine works
nd'foundry, Met Clelland's woolen mill,
Hunts bottling works, and doing
much damage to humber of wooden
buildings in the vicinity. The amount
of the loss and of insurance not learn
ed. 1t was one of the most disastrous
con6agrations that has occurred in that
city for twenty years. al3lTEf
IT is said that the star route scandal
will ke national in its character and
scope, involving not only the officials
of the poetoffice department but many
members of Congress as well. It is to
be hoped that, having put his hand to
the plow, James will not turn back,
but will push the investigation he has
begun, no matter who may be. COM
promised by the exposures. Still the
people will hardly forget the hopes
that were aroused by Grants vigorous
message in reference to the rascally
Whisky Ring Let no guilty man
escape" Everybody then hoped that
Grant was in earnest and meant to
make such an example ofthe offenders
as would be a terror to evil-doers all
ever the country, but it was soon
found that the trail led to the very
doors of the White House. and forth
with the virtuous administration began
to place obstacles in the way of the ex-
posure and punishment of the thieves,
and finally the entirs guilty crowd es
capped the punishment due their crimes.
In the light of such examples the peo-
pie have reason to fear that the Star
Route thieves will escape in like man.
ner. Let US watch and wait. - 'sii!' 2
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
THE MARKECS.
RAvENNA. May A. 1881

81 RAVENNA, May 4, 1881.
ATLANTIC MILLS FLOUR AND FEED.
FLOUR-New Process, 81 80; Pastry 81 .65
per sack; @. XII so.
FEED-Bran, IS per 100 lbs. Middlings, 20:
Chop, 81 IS; Corn Meal. II 80; Oil Meal. Now
Process. S1.25 Old. e2.25; Cotton Seed Meal 81 Is
WHEAT 81 O5
Z .CORN-shelled brings C; ears, 3Oc,
OATS-4O cts.
RYE-No. brings 6oc
BARLEY-None in market.
HAY-Selling At $1a a $1s; according to
quality. Ready sale.
BEEF-Per cwt., 81 90.
HOGSEDressed. 81 90. per cwt.
LARD-City render ed Id.
SMOKED MEATs-City sugar Cured Hams
selling at 1akc; Country Sc.
Shoulders. City cured selling at &c. Dried
Beef selling at 15a.
POULTRY-small supply in the market
Chickens, dressed. buyers pay 10 cents; live &c
rurkies. dressed. 10c. live &c.
BUTTER-16c else.
CHEESE-Boxed 10c ); Retails, 15c
EGGS-buyers pay 12s per dog.
POTATOES buyers pay GJc O..
DRIED APPLES-SHc.
BEANS-Choice handpicked in sm all demand
1t 81 50 Per bu. Medium 81 IS.
VINEG GAR-fure cider retails 20c per gal
TALLOW-Buyers pay 5Hc.
HIDEs-Grcen, trimmed. No. /. SC
FEATHERS-Best retail at 75c.
WHITE LIME-$1 90 per Dbl.
WATER LIME-$1 so
sALT-Coarse sells at = 90: fine 81 60.
wOOD-stove 81 oO0a co.; feet wood g 90
. % so per cord.
SU9ARs-
Coffee sell for ........ lie
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

Attorneys Notice.
G. A. REED. GEORGE e. KING,
REED s. KING,
TTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT
n LAW Office Rooms, ONE and TWO Reeds
Opera House Block. Ravenna, Ohio.
April IL. 1881 660
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

Teachers Examinations.
Examinations of Teachers will be held at the
Union School House in Ravenna. commencing
at O'Clock A. M and closing at 4 O'Clock P. NJ.
on the following SATURDAYS, to-wit:
March 18th, 1881;
April 2nd. 1881;
April 3Oth. 1881;
May 2sth 1881;
SPECIAL NoTGE.-No certificate will be ante
dated.
Byor Board
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05

NOTICE.
NTOTICE is hereby given that the undcrsign-
IN ed has been duly appointed and qualified
as administrator of the estate Of Daniel Boham.
deceased late of Brimiield Township. Portage
County. Ohio. j. IL. CARRIER.
April s5, 1881. 66l
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
Ague Cure

Is a purely vegetable bitter and power
ful tonic. and is warranted a speedy and
and Fever, intermittent or Chill Fe-
Yer, Remittent Fever, Dumb Ague,
Periodical or Bilious Fever, and all
malarial disorders. In miasmatic dis
lassitude, loss of appetite, pain in the back
and loins, and GOODNESS of the spine and
eXtremlties, are only premonitions of
severer symptoms, which terminate in the
ague paroXysm, succeeded by high fever
and profuse perspiratiOn.
It is startling fact, that quinine, arse
mic and other poisonous minerals, form the
basis of most of the " Fever and Ague
Preparations, Specifics" "Syrups," and
"Tonics," in the market The prepara-
tions made from these mineral poisons,
although they are palatable, and may
break the chill, do not cure, but leave the
malarial and their own drug poison in
the system, producing quinism, dizziness,
other disorders more formidable than the
disease they We're intended to cure.
AYERS AGUE CURE thoroughly eradicates
these noxious poisons from the system,
contains no Quinine, mineral, or any thing
that could injure the most delicate pa
tient; and its crowning excellence, above
its certainty to cure, is that it leaves the
system as free from disease as before the
attack. ss
For Liver Complaints, AYERS AGUE
CURE, by direct action on the liver and
hillary apparatus. drives out the poisons
which produce these complaints, and stim-
ulates the system to a vigorous, healthy
condition. y.ps.2 t-t,-
We warrant it when taken according to
directions. 49, s.s..ssr i.--G -.er
Prepared by DR.. J. c. Aver & Co.,
Practical and Analytical Chemists,
Lowell, Mass.
GOLD Rx ALL DRUGGISTS EvERYwHERE. l
The Democratic press. [volume] (Ravenna, O. [Ohio]) 1868-1901, 1881-05-05
To Nervous Sufferers-The Great Europe
an Remedy-Dr. j. b. simpsons Specific

diseases tHat
lead to Con
sumption. IN
sanity, and al
early gra We, OF
both No III at
ter how shat
tered the sys-
tenn m a Y be
from cXceSSes
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-04-30
MARKET REPORTS.
Wholesale Grain and Produce Market,

LCoRRECTED DAILY.l
:. CHRONICLE OFFICE
Knoxville, Tenn April %. So
WHEAT-Buying prime. sl.o5a11o; inferior
grades, S5a95c.
CORN-Buying loose, ssaeOc selling, sacks in
Guided. Car lots, 64a65c.
OATs-Planting season about over and prices
easier.
BACoS-Buying. 9lsc, hog round; selling.
packed in depot, clear sides, l2l2c: shoulders
SIC; hams, 101sa1 lac.
La PIN so pound tin cans, 1012 lie
Field seeds planting season about over.
Glover, So. 0a5.7 ; timothy, SO 25 red top 81 90,
ana orchard grass 81 90 PER bush |; German mil
let see, S1.75a2.0O per bushel.
buShel.
HAY--Loose, 75as5c per 100 pounds; baled
Sl1va1 Is.
GERMAN NILLET SFFD-buying, Slsoa15O per
bush sci ing, 81 75a2.OO.
PEAs-ln fair Cemand St.10a1.2O
BRAN-S1.25 per 100 pounds
DRIED FRUIT-AppleS 2l5a: &c: peaches dull
4l2a5c.
tLoUR-NOminal, country extra, buying. dull.
50 50t2 rs: selling, 81. 50al75 per sack: family
buy ing, S250a 10; selling. s. .75a3OI er sack
FEATHEhs-Flrn. 53a 14c; mixed. 20a25c
BU TER-Ohoice roll, 18a22c; prime 12al5c ::
grease butter, SAFE.
EGGS-AcIive at lie.
PoULTRY-Live chickens, 7c per pound :;
roos erS, 2l2c; turkeys, Sc.
RAGS-COttOn, 124a2c.
BEESWAX-Ir demand at zoe per pound
HlDES-Dry flint, i4c green, 7c
1ALLOW-5c.
FIX -kED-Per bushel, S5c.
BRAsS-l0ai2c copper, 1Oa12c.
WOOL-LOWer; choice tub-waShed 3nc: fair
to gopi, -7l2a30c; dark coarse, 25; unwash he'd.
% ass.