River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1881-05-05
Answers.

5. For number of years the ma.
lions of Peru and Chill have been
rivals in commerce, and this spirit OF
competition was carried to such an
extent that it gave rise to political
| intrigues ending in hostile demonstra-
tions. There has been sharp con.
| test between the two countries, with
their immense coast line, for the
control OF the trade. When the great
nitrate fields were discovered, Peru
and Chill endeavored to control the
trade. Bolivia, with a small strip of
coast line, generally went with Peru,
having many geographical and politi-
cal reasons for so doing. The nitrate
| fields developed railroad construction
in Peru in remarkable degree, the
purpose being to open land communi-
cation with the mines and the nitrate
| lands. At that time Peru was out of
sight in the lead of South American
countries in railroads. She has now
| about 5000 miles of railroad, to 600
which Chilli possesses. All seemed in
good shape for the projected enter
prise, when Peru became involved
with adjoining countries, and internal
quarrels as to railroad Improvement
paralyzed her power and prospects. A
| treaty was effected between Bolivia
| and Chilli in regard to the province of
Atacama, which lies on the Pacific
coast between Peru and Chill, and the
Bolivian Government agreed to relin.
ouish her claim to the southern part
of the province and share with the
Chilians the revenue from the nitrate
and guano trade. This treaty was
repudiated by the Bolivian Govern
ment, but subsequently reatfirmed.
| Then the joint ownership of the
province was annulled, and the bound
airy line was established, giving Chilli
the southern half Of Atacama; this
accompanied with the proviso that
Chilli should share equally with Boil
via the guano products of Mejiliones,
| and that the export duties on mineral
| products collected from Chilians re-
siding in the. Bolivian part of the
province should not be increased for
twenty-five years. Chilians then re-
moved to Atacama in large numbers,
took possession of almost all the nj
| trate traffic, and constructed railroads,
storehouses, etc. Complications fol-
lowed, as Bolivia contended that Chilli
| had not lived up to the agreement
made by the two nations. That state
| of affairs resulted from the modified
treaty of 1874. Then Peru, fearing
encroachment on the part of Chill,
made defensive alliance with Boil
via; but the recurrence of that politi-
cal mania -revolution--so common in
Central and South American States,
interfered, and the treaties existing
were repudiated. In this sort of style
matters continued to run along until
1879, when Chilli occupied the coast
town of Autofagasta, and the whole of
the province of Atacama. Peru pro-
tested, but the CHILEAN authorities
declared war April 8, of the same
year. Again Peru formed an alliance
with Bolivia, and the war begun.
Both the last named countries put
armies into the field against Chill, but
these were defeated by the forces of
the latter State. These are some of
the principal causes leading up to the
unfortunate and disastrous war be-
tween what have been recognized as
the two most enterprising republics of
South America.
8. Theory and Practice of Teach
ing. by David P. Page; published by
A.. s. Barnes & Co., Chicago, Ills, price
$3.50.
Methods of Teaching in Country
Schools. by g. Dallas Lind; published
by j. E. Sheriff., Danville, Ind. price
sl.o5.