davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16

WAsHINoroS, November l5.-'rhe follow.
ing statement showing the collection of sta.
tistics of the cotton corn and wheat crop,
were issued at the Department of Agricul-
ture:
The cotton returns OF November from ten
of the principal cotton.growing States give
an indication of yield per acre compara-
bly, less than last year. The drought, which
was the cause of the fall Off In all, was most
severe In the States west of the Mississippi,
and the reported decrease in these States is
thirty-three per cent. in Louisiana, foar per
cent. In Texas, and nearly sixty In Arkansas
North Carolina, on the Atlantic coast, makes
n return OF thirty per cent. less yield than
in 1880. South Carolina, Georgia and Mis-
sissippi are in b,tter condition, and the
prospects for crop are not much below
that Of last year. In these States the
weather is reported as having been favora-
Bile during the month, and the prospect Of q
iair top crop wasgood.
Florida reports decrease Of 10 per cent,
Alabama an increase Of 10 per cent, Ten.
nesse an increase of II per cent. Virginia
Is not In ,luded as n cotton state, it's pro.
duet being insig iifcant.
The average yield per acre Of wheat In
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
New York Stock Market.

Nw YORK, November 15.-The stock
market opened nominally firm and is to IA
per cent higher, the latter for Cincinnati,
Cleveland Il indianapolis Central, but soon
became heavy and prices fell off ii to is
per cent Manhattan Elevator which sold
down to 5b7-S, leading. Metropolitan de-
clined from 80 Ito 0S; Denver Il Rio Grande.
lrom ~ 0-S 81 1-S; Michigan Central. from
~ to 03; Texas Il Pacific, from 81 10 10
65-S, and Pacific Mail, from 20 3-S to 4G5-s.
and Memphis & Charleston ol ened | pcr
cent, lowerand further declined per cent.
to 80; Norfolk& Western preferred rose 2,
and Houston Il Texas Central per cent.
New York, November 15.-Chicago C.
Northwestern l.21l, do preferred 40 Erie
iGs; Illinois Central l.232; Lake Shore &
Michigan Southern .20,: Louisville 4; Nash
will 05; Memphis & Charleston so; New
York Central 4 Hudson River 1884, Rocl,
island l.2l; Wabash, st. Louis & Pacific
iSl, do. preferred S9S; Western Union Tele-
graph S3l. Sub.trensury balances-coin.
$sl $40 l72i currency, 81, ,440,s39.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16

Special to the Herald.

Special 10 the Herald.
CoRsIcASA, November ia bulletin
board has been put up at the Central depot
by the Government for signal-service
weather forecasts, and will have daily com
munications from Washington.
The Grand Lodge of the knights and
Ladies of Honor meet here on Monday
next.
a son Of Richard Mainard was. thrown
rom wagon attached to runaway team
and run over, seriously injuring him.
Cotton receipts are very light, as the roads
are in such bad condition that it is almost
impossible to haul il.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16

the investigation OF the scandal tonight.
generating Superintendent L. .E. Burnett
irom any criminal act, also the Young lady,
former had terminated his usefulness as a
superintendent here. He was allowed TO
resign and Trustee L. W Taylor is to take
charge ofth schools temporarily.
VIM. Long, assaulted by man and wife
iorinsulting the latter, was badly used up,
but not dangerously.
The Western Narrow Gauge has three
surveying parties in the field, one near
Lockport, one near Blanco City, the third
locating theline, Fred Grant, president of
the road, is expected daily.
The Methodist Conference met here ON
the 23d inst.
A Palmer-Sullivan surveying party ar
rived here to-day from Richmond,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16

Special 10 the Herald.

special 10 the Herald,
PALESTINE, November ia little more
than two weeks since Colonel Wallace,
county collector of Anderson, died He
had held the office but one year. lie was
much esteemed and said to be thoroughly
reliable. The County Commissioners Court
appointed Deputy Collector John Childs
and City Treasurer Wiedemeycr an
auditing committee to examine Wal
aces accounts They reported yester-
day his accounts short between
$1,000 and $1,000. The matter creates
widespread comment here. The bondsmen
are responsible parties and the county will
probably lose nothing. The County Com
missioncrs, after two days balloting, elected
Virgil Dubose, engrossing clerk of the last
House of Representatives. to fill the vacancy
ccaused by Wallace's death, and the APP
pointment gives general satisfaction. No
explanation is made by Wallace's friends
as to the cause of the shortage in his cash,
and later developments are looked for by
the general public with much concern.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Waco
Special to the Herald

Special to the Herald.
WACO, November l5.-Yesterday about
noon three or four wild cowboys got on q
spree AT Banks, little station on the Santa
Fe Railroad, twenty miles west OF here, and
made things lively by running their horses
through the streets and firing off their
pistols. About the time they had succeeded
IN bringing business to a stand-still, the
sheriff, with. a posse of citizens swoopcd
down on them capturing one of their
number the rest taking to fight. The
posse gave pursuit and lively three-milc
race over the prairies north of Banks wound
up with the constable getting badly left in
the chase.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Coinancl,e

Special TO the Herald.
CoMANoHE, November l5.-The large
acreage ofwheat sown has been totally de-
stroyed by the worms. With renewed
energy the planters are plowing again.
The spirit pasture-iencng is possessing
many of our people, thousands Of acres be-
ing placed under fence.
Health is good and business fair here
Cotton is exceeding the amount predicted.
The town is improving by the erection of
many new buildings, including new liap-
tist church.
Our jail has just two conyicts and our
people are more than usually temperate as
well as moral.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Coleman.
Special 10 the Herald.


COLEMAN, November 15. -. The finest
wheat fields in the county can be seen
around Coleman. Fields from one hundred
to two hundred acres are covered with this
excellent product
Coleman is alive with business, teams
from the railroad coming in every day
heavily laden with freight. We have had
no ice in this section as yet, but light
frost, with several cold nights, causing A
brownish color on the plains.
This is said to be the finest sheep range
IN the State, and several parties are in town
looking for sheep ranges in the vicinity
of Coleman.
Cattle, horses and sheep look well and
grass could not be better.
Commissioners Court Is In session and
the people. are wanting courthouse
The one used for that purpose is liable to
break down at any time.
School advantages are good and church
is in course Of erection.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Longview.


Special TO the Herald.
LoNGuEw, November l5.-An election
was held here yesterday for City Marshal,
vice Harris resigned; City Attorney, vice
Welbarm resigned, and one Alderman,
the principal contest being over the Mar
shal. ii. Ford received one hundred and
fifty, Shevill sixty-scven; total vote two
hundred and thirty-seyen. Jones was
elected City Attorney, and T. NJ. Campbell
Alderman. The weather is clear. and COO, ,
and health of the town good,
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
strong Drink and Crime.

DAsviLLE, Va. November i5.-After a
tournament in Halifax county in Virginia
last Friday, Lewis Ball and James Phillips,
both young men of Halifax county, re.
paired to saloon near Milton, North Caro-
lima, where they became involved in a
drunken quarrel. Phillips struck Ball
with stick, killing him.. The murderer
fed and has not been found
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16

DhiNehton.
Special 70 the IIerald.

NIIVVIWI 70 VHt IIVTlTUs
GALVESTON, November lj.-The new
Mallory Line steamship arrived this morn
ing and is berthed at Williams wharf. This
vessel is larger than the Colorado.
Cotton receipts to-day were ,4Si bales.
The steamer Harbinger, from Middle
borough, England, brought.ovsr cargo of
0,530 steel rails
j. c. McNealus and J, l.. A. Thomas of
Dallas are here.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
A Nav s,a,I.,IcInn Of Agriculture

WASHINGTON. November l5.-Colonel
Charles Worthington statistician Of the
Department sf Agriculture, has resigned
on account Of the pressure Of private bust
ness. He will DO succeeded by ]. Il. Dodge
who had the office under the administra-
tion of President Grant. Mr.. Dodge will
enter upon tha discharge Of his duties tc-
day.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Ianipasus.
Special to the Herald.

special 10 the Herald.
LANpAsAs, November l5.-At o'clock
this afternoon the cry of fire was heard,
and Mr.. Wade's barn was found to be in
flames. The barn was full of forage, corn,
etc, and large stack of hay at the end.
1t was surrounded by buildings on all
sides, and it was with great labor that tile
flames were kept from spreading. The loss
is estimated at about $500 no insur-
ance. The origin Of the fire is not known
Lampasas needs q fire company badly.
District court is moving rapidly. The
criminal docket will be taken up to-mor-
row and number of cases for stealing.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Tyler.



Special to the Herald.
TYLER, November l5.-Associate Justice
slayton arrived on the delayed train to-day
but did not take his seat upon the bench
Judge Hurt, of the Court of Appeals, who
has been at his home in Dallas ill, for the
past. week, has also returned much i'm
proved.
The Loller shooting, at WI.
mona, turns out to be a
sclf-inillcted wound by accident instead
of the sequel to an aflray as heretofore
stated. The weather is fine and cotton is
coming in.
The following cases were disposed of by
the Supreme Court to-day:
Sarah A. Wimborly VS.. Oscar Pabst; af-
frmed.
I, IL. Hayes & Co, VS., Il. NJ. Samuels &
Sons; Affirmed.
Gwyann Morrison ct al. VS.. James d.
Card ct al; affirmed.
ID, G. Jones and wife VS., X. Smith; af-
firmed.
Thompson, Morris & Co. VS.. Pine &
Poindexter; dismissed.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
I,renIinllt.
Special TO the Herald.

Special to the Herald
BRENNAN, November l5,-Thomas Nun.
roe, in attempting to board passenger
train on the Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fc
railroad, was run over and killed this even
ing. lie was cigar maker and member
ofthe Cigar Makers Union No blame is
attached to the employees of the railroad
company.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Corpus Christi

Special 10 the Herald
CoRprs CHRISTI, November l5,--B. pcreze
and +. Perfecto, two Mexicans attempted
to cross the track in front of the engine of
the Texas Mexican railroad this evening.
Periecto was killed and Pereze badly
hriiised
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
Georgetown.
Special TO tho Herald.

special to tho Herald.
GRoRGErowS, November l5.-AIatt Clamp
and Il. b. Gowcn, who are implicated In the
shooting Of u negro, William Maner, here
on the 9th instant, had an examining trial
Yesterday and to-day. The negro was able
to testify this morning. The
parties were allowed bail OF
fifteen hundred dollars each, which
was readily given, The negro is improving;
The parties who so maliciously damaged
the college building here last week, II Is
thought, have been detected and should be
brought TO justice.
An assay of the ore Of the. Georgetown
'rine. is now being made and result will
soon be obtained
Trade Is good and cotton is coming in
more freely.
The Dallas daily herald. [volume] (Dallas, Tex.) 1873-1887, 1881-11-16
,uston.

special to the Herald.
HousroS, November i5.-The Board of
Trustees ofthe public schools terminated
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
so ng to See a Girl.

The Eel / liver shows up the latest
s'ntsn-up OF railroad material. Last suns
day Il train ran off TIE tr4ck betw. en-
auburn Jane ion and Cedar Greek,
5 .rs''ing veral cars badly and destroy
iEg y quantity f four and OR in. The
prominent sensation connected with the
sma-h -up is n follows:
4 youn. man from Butler dressed in a
sur1 If broad-cloth, AM his mug adorned
with sbring plug hat was on his way to
see a girt The conductor was ON the
engine when it jumped the track, and
walking alongside to The rear end of the
train, he spied some object craw ing out OF
Tue mud Il water that accumulated alor e
'he ditch. 1t aros and there before him
stood he would be lover.
Hello! what's up?" asked the conduct
And emptying the water out of his Plug,
he remarked:
I'm I'LL Of q looking thing to go to
see girl, amt II"
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
From Athens.

Mr.. EDITOR A heated contest has been
going on for some time here III regard to the
reincorporation of the town of Athens.
vote was had last week, which, it is claimed,
resulted in a majority of three votes above
the number required by the statute that is,
two-thirds vote The other side assert that
a considerable number of votes were re-
ceived from persons who lived outside of
the proposed corporate limits, and who had
never been enrolled upon the list of voters,
as required by law, and that there was such
other noncompliance with the specific
directions of the statute, irregularities and
frauds as will furnish abundant grounds for
an Injunction, I learn that able counsel
have been retained and upon the organiza-
ton of the board of aldermen, a bill viii be
filed asking for an injunction to restrain
them from any official acts as such. The
question will finally have to be settled by
| the courts.
I think that Athens ought to have some
| kind of local self-government. The anti
corporation party, who compose majority
| of the white population, and who are MAIN
4
willing and ready to join the other party in
organizing taxing district of the second
| class, but that party seem determined to
have a corporation or nothing. They could
enjoy every right and privilege under the
taxing district that they can under the cor
poration, with one single exception, and that
is the right to retail whisky within four
miles of the Wesleyan University, located
here. The taxing district perpetuates the
four-mile law, while the corporation would
Immediately restore to life the retail grocery,
with all its evil and damaging influences.
Free whisky is tie "milk in the Athens
cocoa nut" Thi, is what it means. This
is the cat covered up in the corporation
meal. This is the spirit that prompts and
animates its advocates. Because, the way
faring man, though fool, can see that /
they simply want local government the i'm
provement of the town, its streets and walks,
the promotion of law, order and good NOR
ais, and the suppression of blackguardlsn
! and rowdyism, then the taxing district vii
afford them every facility they can enjoy un
, der a corporation. Hence every whisky vendel
and dram-drinker within the proposed cor
!, porate limits of Athens favor a corporation
and oppose the taxing district to the death
, and at the same time claim to be the con
} SENATORS Of the morals ana good order OF
I the town.
g Mrs. Emma C. Haley d.ed on Saturday
: night last at the home of her father, Samue
P WINS Her husbG ID had died but few
short months before. She leaves three small
> children orphans and helpless. Who cal
f supply mothers love?
p W. H. Briant, jr., was severely bitter
t through the wrist of the right arm last weel
: by street dog
; Elder r. Pierce, of the NJ E. Church
, held quarterly meeting last Sabbath will
t the old Cedar Springs Church, near Athens
I at which Rev. Albert Hyden, now of Kansas
: was present and preached in the forenoon
where he met with hundreds Of his old &C
quaitances and former neighbors.
HOMBRE.
! Athens Tenn, June 81.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
HENDERSON'S SPRINGS.
A FINE SUMNER RESORT FOR
HeOitA and Pleasure,

Located midst the hills and mountains of Sewer
county near Pigeon river, five mil S south of Sc
VierVI e and thirty miles east OF Knoxville.
Their eXcGllen cha ybeat wa er, their beautiful
az h alth III situation, their romantic surround
in S and their present management afford eat
facil ties both Tor health and pleasure.
They will ue managed during the season OF 281
by an Old and eXptrien ed hotel man, j. H.
WALKER. who will spare no alas or expense to
accommodate and please his guests. Guests, who
dtSi e, can find tommOd ,uOnS at his hotel In
Sevierville. and horse, and conneyanceS at any
me from his Sta les there.
The Springs will be opened on June LIST.
1851. Daily m il and conveyance by Hack from
Knoxville. Tri easily made in one day.
Rates shall be exceedingly reasonable and sat
fStactOry to every guest.
RATES OF BnARD-Per day, s. 90; pei
week $780, per month $16 Children under 1C
years old half ice. Arrangements for enti {
tam ties reasonable reduction. For further par
ticu ars, address J, FL. WALKER.
E10d2mOS SeviervIlle, Tenn oSSee.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
MARKET REPORTS
Wholesale Grain and Produce Market.
CORRECTED DAILY

Wholesale Grain and Produce Market.
[CoRRECTED DAILY.l
CHRONICLE OFFICE,
Knoxville, Tenn, June ., 1851.
The new wheat now being harvested is OF good
grade If thre- he'd dry it is thought Lancaster
ami VIII tie Will open at 81 90 per buohel. Fultz
80 cents. Old wheat nominal at former quota
lions.
WBEAT-No sales, dull, buying prime, s1.Oo
grades, S5a95c.
C0RN-Buying loose 60a62c selling, sacks in
Guided Car lots, 65a67c.
OATS-Planting season about over and prices
easier; selling from store at so cents
BACOS-Dull, buying, S34a9c, hog round
selling packed in depot, clear sides lie
shoulders. Sc; hams, 1O12al114c.
La Din 90 pound tin cans, 11a12c.: selling
12al3c.
Field seeds planting season about over
Glover, none IN city; timothy 50 %, red top 81 90
LIT Set 5 75a2.0O per buShel.
POTATOES-ITi>h, out of season.
SI.25.
GERMAN NILLET SEED-buying, S2OOa225 pei
bush | sci ing, % 80.
PEAs-In fair oemand. sl.1oa1.2O
BRAN-SI25 per 100 pounds.
FLOUR-NOmnal, country extra, buying dull
s. 59t2 -: selling 81. 50aL75 per sack; family
buying, s. Boa rs selling, s. 75a3. 90 er sack
FEATHEhs-Weaker, 55a66c
BU TER hoice roll, also; prime, 12a15c
grease butter. 5a7c.
EGGS-EaSer, buyi'g at 10c.
fOULTRY-Llye chickens, hens, SIC per pound
rooS ers, 212c: turkeys, goobl rs, 4c; spring
Oh ok rs in demand 10d1Sc each.
RAGS-Cotton, 1l2c.
BEEsWAX-Iu demand at zoe per pound.
HlDEs-Dry flint, 12c green, &c.
IALLOW-5c
FL Y ,EED-Per buShel, SOC.
BRASS-l0a12c copper. 10a12c.
WOOL-ChOice tub-WaShed 32a33c; fai
| to goo I, 2712a3Oc; dark coarse, % unWashed
| q ass.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
Substitute for Calomcl and oufnine.

Simmons Liver Regulator, purely vegeta-
BILE, is equal in power to blue mass or Gallo
mel, but without any of their injurious
properties.
81 have used Simmons Liver Regulator,
and find it a most excellent medicine acting
like a charm on the liver It is a most ex-
cellent substitute for calomel. Have tried
it in several cases of bilious disorders, chills
and fever, and find it effects cure in a
most satisfactory manner.
"DR. J. III. Bowen,
'Clinton, Ca"
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28

Refined and educated women will some
times suffer in silence for years from kidney
diseases, or consumption and piles, which
co0'd easily be cured by package of Kid
hey-" ort, There is hardly a woman to be
found that does not at some time suffer
from some of the diseases for which this
great remedy is specific 1t is put up in
liquid and dry forms, equally Efficient
Springfield Union.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
Retail Iron Market,

Knoxville, June Is.
TIRE IRON-TTo horse, per pound, Sc one
horse, per pound, 312c.
NAILs-Per kee rates $3.50; per pound, SC
HORSE SHOES-Per keg, $500; turned, 10t
each.
HORSE SHOE NAILs-Per pound, 2Oa25c.
HARROW TEETH-Per pound, 5a312c.
H0LL0wARE- Per pound. &c.
GLAss-CommOn size, per box, S2.75a4.00.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
Athens, Tenn, June 27.

FARMERS AND MECHANICS your
selves with bottle of Pain-Killer at this
season of the year, when summer COM
plants are SO prevalent; it is prompt, safe
and sure cure. 1t may save you days of
sickness, and you will find it more valuable
than gold. Be sure you buy the genuine
Perry Davis Pain-Killer and take no other
mixture. Sold everywhere.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28
Live Stock Market.
REVIEW.

KNOXVILLE, Julie 81
Cattle and sheep are in good demand at full
prices during the harvest season. We won d ad-
wise t.Ose having stock ready for market 10 bring
it in soon it is not probable the present rices
can be suSta ned. We quote
CATTLE
No. 1, 3a31sc coed fat, 800 to 800 lbs. OK
a2Ac; ordina Y, l ala24c.
SHEEP:
Best, 2a4a314c; good. 2kc lambs, 3ha4c.
VEAL CALVES .75a3 so.
Knoxville daily chronicle. [volume] (Knoxville, Tenn.) 1870-1882, 1881-06-28

No. 1 connects with through train from n ew
York Via Richmond only: Leave New York at
ABB a m leave Washington lilo m; leave
Richmond $50 p III.
Al>0, with 1raIn leaving Norfolk at 70 % p m ;
leave Lynchburg $50 p IN: leave Bristol 20
IN arrive at MUrrStown 9.3S a IN; connecting
with rain Tor " off Creek and Warm Springs.
NC.
Arrive at Chattanooga at 3.45 p m; connecting
with trains for Memphis, Nashville and Clncin-
natl.
arrive a. Dalton 400 M Rome 500 m At
lanta 815 p m; connecting with trains for
Charleston and Savannah.
No. connects with through train from New
York via Vii ginia Midland only: Leave New
\ III at 10 90 p NJ; Washington 60 pm; Lynch
burg 20 p m; Lynchburg % p m /; Bristol 1920
m Chatt nOoga 7.15 m Atlanta r. p m :;
Selma $50 p m. This train connects at Chatta-
nOOga with TT ms for Memphis and nashville :;
at Cleveland with trains for Selma, AIa. at Dali
ton with w. & A. r. r., for Atlanta, New Orleans
and the South.
No. connects at Chattanooga with trains from
Cincinnati at Cleveland with t'dIuS from At
lanta and come at Bristol with through train
for New York VIA Richmond only: Leave
LynChburg at 100 a NJ arrive at Richmond 1870
pm; | ave Richmond 800 p IN arrive at ash
ington 9. 80 pm; arrive at New York $50 Il IN.
This train also connects at Norfolk with Bay
Line Steamers for Baltimore at 5.@0 p m, daily
except sunday, and on Mondays, WedneSd ass
and Saturdays with Old Dominion Steamships
for New YOSk,
No connects at Chattanooga W tn trains from
Memphis and Nashyil ; at Cleveland with trains
from Atlanta, New Orleans. Selma and the
South Leave Atlanta at 30 p IN; leave Selma
6.I3 IN leave Rome % m: leave thatta-
n0oga 7.40pm; cOnnec at Bristol with through
| train for New York via Virginia Midland Rail
| road Arrive at LynchbuFg at 100 III; arrive
| at Washington 1000 m; arrive at New York
| $50 m.
Pullman sleeperS on trains Nos. and be
| tw en- New York and New Orleans; Leighton
sleepers between Lynchburg and Memphis ;
through ParlOr coach on trains Nos. 1 and , be
tween Bristol and Rome through coach on NOS.
3 and between Bristol and Selma.