Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1881-01-28

| various points bIpt3It J.lt anu dusNcicu DS
him and others Mr Bliss thought that if
some milks were 10 be anAed with the cream
before churniHg .here would be less trouble
In obtaining all of the butter.
Prof. l.. B. Arnold Of Cornell University,
gave a very interesting illustration, bearing
upon the thorough agitation Of the cream in
churning to get all Of the butter. DR.. Hos
kins spoke OF the falaci,s of dairying with
good effect Mr. Whitaker is of the opin-
ion that sometimes the cream from poor
cow vii! not churn equally well with that
from good ones. Mr.. Cheever has no trou-
bic in this direction, and thinks that if the
cream is in good condition there will be lit
tie trouble in obtaining all the butter Con
siderable discussion followed which would
not add materially tn the report
THURSDAY MORNING.
Convention WAS called to order at 10
o'clock, by the president, when prayer was
offered by Rev. Mr.. Pratt OF St. Adams,
after which Prof. l.. B. Witherell Of BOs-
ton, proceeded to address the convention OF
the 'Adulterations Of butter and cheese, and
how they effect the farmers" There are not
three more important articles of diet than
milk, butter and cheese and it is most iul-
portant that they should be free from adul-
teration. One prolific cause OF this adul-
teration is the general desire for low priced
articles, and az u superior quality cannot be
sold for low price, resort has been had TO
mixing in foreign substances Of much less
value end then selling it ior q genuine arll-
| Gle. Was decidedly opposed TO the coloring
OF an inferior quality OF butter TO make 1t
appear what it is not-this is called u coun-
tcrfeit, fraud. Would have no artificial
color used the breed and the feed should
make this quality sufficient. All will not
agree with him. Thinks an expert would
detect the difference in the quality o. color
cd and uncolored butter. AL of these adul-
terations, as oleomargarine, suine, etc,
| should be sold under their real names and one
part of the work of this association should
be TO aid in this desirable object The ad-
dress was full of good hints being well in
tcrspersed with salies of wit, and he Kept
his audience deeply interested aud amused
with the able treatment OF his subject
| Farmers were advised to make fine butter as
the really best preventative against the manu-
| fucture and sale of these countetfcits. Some
discussion followed DR. Ho3kins is in IA
vor of cOloring butter wien it needs it and
does not consider il criminal. Consumers
demDnd this color. lie offered some apollo
gy for the manufacture Of oieOmargarlne
and thinks it may indirectly benefit farmers
| Butter is very high in price now notwith-
standing these adulteiations. q. NJ link
ham, from his observation, would not prefer
10 use clcomargarinc II others war! it let
them have il. but these cOunterieits should
sell under ,i,,,- ;ell u1mc, and no deception
practiced.
Prof. Arnold read paper on the subject
under consideration. lie said the tendency
OF the times is lower prices and greater
stability. The relation at present OF the
cost and sale Of dairy products is greater
than with most others. No monopoly OF
dairy products or prices need be expected
All branches of agriculture are dependent
in measure upon each other, and improve
ments made in the dairy products will have
their bearing upon ull others. Milk is under
valued as an article of food, while with
butter the opposite is true. Good oleomar-
garine and butter resemble each other very
nearly in appearance, but there is differ
ence in favor of the latter in flavor. The
proportion of firstcasa butter owing to the
improved methods of manufacture, is con-
stantly increasing and this will have
tendency to lower and equallze prices.
Thinks that at some future day butter and
cheese, or substitutes, will be made from
other sources than the milk of the COW. OUT
great hope lies in cheaper production, and
especially if we expect 10 hold iOrclIn inar-
kets. Most dairymen say that they cannot
produce milk at II cheaper rate than at pre-
sent, but can, if proper management Is
practiced in the saving and use of ferteiizers
and all other farm processes. Enough
pains i. not taken to keep UP the How Of
milk in the latter part of the season. This
loss should be prevented by the raising OF
green crops. The cows should also he pro
tected from too great extremes OF heat and
cold. The Prof spoke Of the selection OF
cows, but this was referred to last evening
and need not bo repeated. Succeeding TINS
address some questions were answered ami
lively discussion ensued on the colorlne OF
butter.
.nuEopAI AFTERNOON.
The audience assembled at tie usil4l hour
and first listened to DIR. F. L. Englehardt OF
Syracuse, on the subject OF ''fertilIzers-
After giving the constituents of farm yard
manure, both solid and liquid, and from the
results of analysis which proves the especial
richness OF the latter, urged the necessity oil
saving all Of it possible, es one very desiri-
Bile point for the improvement OF the iarm.
The cultivation OF the grains year after year
will necessarily more or less exhaust a ialm
0
as there will be lack of the phospLates
which should be supplied in some other
form Clover is u good rcnOvst0r, furnish
ing both nitrogen and phosphate. Chemical
fertilizers are valuable accordng 20 The
amount of potash, nitrogen and phosphorc
acid they contain lie spoke OF the sources
of supplies OF these materials and in what
forms they are obtained. The Doctor en-
hibited samples o. commercial fertilizers i'll
considerable variety 10 Illustrate his subject
Nitrogen is obtained from Chill salt-petIe,
sulphate OF ammonia, Peruvian guano. etc;
phosphoric acid from bones. South Carolina
phosphorc rock and other sources, and pot
ash from woDd ashes and German potash
salts lie spoke emphatiCally OF the Value
and necessity OF saving all the m2GJres aad
oifal about the premises. composing togeth-
er, using ground bone il desirable as also
wood ashes, thus making more and better
fertilizer, and utilizing what would other
wise he wasted and often source III an
rOyanCc.
/ Succeeding the address uf Dr. Euglel;ar!t,
Mr.. j. ". Sanhorn, Superintendent ut tht
New Hampshire State Agricultural College
farm next occupied the attention Of The aI.
dience. First spoke of the declensioa OF
/ farming in New Englaari f1r the past ,orlN
years, as II sad experience, and is clear in hi
/ convictions that the future will be productive
/ of greater profit and advartase. This vii
| come from different course or system thar
/ was formerly pursued. Instead nt farming
l on a small scale there must hr the Cultlvg
/ ton of larger areas, with iilpr we'd methods
and appliances. Thpio must 'e less hay
raised and more "t cultivated crops, thu
will bring much more ver acic- iheri
must be brains rs well rs muscle employed
capital rs well us labor lie wnuld i.lse Il
large portion of his farm untitr ihe'p"w
This Is practically his eA,e.ieure. hat Ia IL
this large ,i;iaiiI.il at m1nuru will he re
uuircd To obtain this would purchase 'rc'
for stock, thus adding bu.h To the Iiiaal.t'
aud quality Of the inanurr Is III favor o
feeding cotton seed meal - s.o.'i, II; an :,
cellent food and rich in manurial rlcments
But it will rot paw To feed Il paJrir fed ol
unthrifty animal, a. there will ''e :, loss lgk,
those that will eat ,ysii an; make good us'
of the food. luua~ ani,n,4 viii also gaI
much faster than elder "Irs for instance
"A calf will gain twice = tlst rs Il three-old
steer ou the same proportion -! fool Oul
farms can hc continually improved in thi'
/ manner, but il Will be II slow process, AMI hi
! would add to this system OF feeding the rst
of commercial fertilizers II these are jIdTt
ously employed there will he Ta?d i'm
! movement of the soil.
On this farm phosphorl' acid is mostly
wanted, while on the college farm potasl
produces equally good results. From eN
pcriments farmers should find whether theiI
soils require both nf these or one, ur nitro
gen i n addition. With the usc VI these Ter
tililers We can greatly extend the production
of corn that will give yield twice the valu,
of hny. But with this system there mus
be- good cultivation, as this is veIy important
and will be great aid Ia ier.iiLers-20 PEE
cent he believes of itself. There is mIcl
truth in this; we are not sufficiently thorough
in the mechanical works on our land
Believes that corn is going 10 IL To -'c"
England u.riculturally what tUrnps ars Il
the English We must also pay attention i'
"A proper rotation, taking those crops in turl
that are dissimilar in structure growth al,
character. lie closed with making AN earn
est plea Tor improved farm machinery, un'
Of a kind that will enable us to do Us mus:
ot our work with The h,rs, ~ possible
With these he can take care OF 30 acres q
corn alone ses ten loads of barn m1'Inr