The National tribune. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1877-1917, 1881-12-03

allowed to remain exposed to the oxygen of the
air for q month, it would be so far attenuated
that it would only prove fatal, say, to ten. Ex
posture for another month would render it still
less virulent, that it would only prove fatal to
two or three; while, after exposure for six or
eight months, it would not prove fatal in sim
gle instance. In it's most attenuated form the
bacterium gives rise only to trifing symptoms
not at first recognizable as bearing any affinity to
the deadly fowl-cholera and consisting of small
local slough. But the extraordinary and valua-
bic fact discovered by d. Pasteur is, that the
tanned and attenuated organism works upon
the system a change protective against subse-
quent attacks Of fowl cholera exactly similar
to that which had been remarked to be enjoyed
by fowl that had recovered from the virulent
form Of the disease"
OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES is an indis-
putabe fact that farming is carried on most intel
igently and consequently most profitably in
localities where the Grange or the Club has been
most popular and permanent. When we speak
of profitable farming we do not mean simply that
farmers have made the most money, but that they
are men of broader ideas, of better thinking
social relations, and hence in all respects better
qualified to take part and position in the discus
sion and management of the political, financial
and social questions of the day. No class of men
is more affected by these questions, and hence,
none more interested in mastering the principles
underlying them. After all it is mind that rules
the world. 1t is false idea that capital does it.
Money is in the foreground but back of it, in
our transportation, manufacturing, tariff and all
other monOpolies, welding it with consummate
skill for selfish ends, shrewd intellects, cul-
tured in all the schools and professions, leading
controlling and manipulating masses of weaker
and totally unorganized men. 1t is only through
knowledge and organization that this over
shadowing monopoly question can be met. It
asnobly begun fifteen years ago by imperfect and
ftful farmers organizations in the West and
greatly aided by the most widespread and probab-
ly best planned organization yet effected-the
Grange-a early as 1867. A great victory was won.
The right Of the people, through State and Ma
tiOna legislation, to control railroads. was forever
established by decisions of the highest courts The
trouble is the people, having their rights estab-
Gshed, have not properly asserted them. They
never can, without better intelligence and better
organization. In this development the Grange
al the Club will find their field Of greatest flu
ture usefulness.-Fdrmers' Re,ieC.
GoosEBERR1Es. The European gooseberry,
RIDES GroSsularia, is native of cool, northern
climates. 1t has a small smooth or hairy fruit.
From this species the large cultivated sorts have
been obtained, Familiarity known here as English
goOseberries. This species and its varieties reach
their best perfection in cool, moist climates
consequently, in this country, at all events in the
Middle and Southern States it is too warm and
dry for their healthy growth, although in the
Northern and Northwestern States they find an
atmosphere better suited to their requirements
The effect of dryness in the atmosphere is exhib-
tied in a fungus development which appears on
the young fruits, and which arrests their further
growth the skin of the fruit becomes corroded
and cracks Open which leads to decay. The
leaves of the plant are also similarly attacked,
and dropping prematurely, the young shoots
remain green and immature until frost occurs
which destroys them and although the plant may
linger with sickly growth for year or two,
it ultimately succumbs to repeated attacks of
the mildew.
1t is therefore evident that all expedients
looking to success in the culture of the plant
must, in some way, tend to guard it against
the aridity of the surrounding atmosphere In
positions somewhat shaded from the sun, and
where some shelter is afforded from drying winds,
particularly when the plants are young fair
measure of success will sometimes be secured A
heavy mulching of litter, sprinkling the ground
with salt, or allowing tall grass to grow around
and among the branches, are expedients some
times adopted with more or less success but in
the end the adverse climatic conditions ultimately
overcome all attempts to maintain permanent
vlgor. And yet we may frequently meet with
the advice that all that is required to make the
culture of this fruit profitable, is to exercise
proper care in pruning; that failures occur from
not thinning out the branches, or from the lack
of some other nOn-esSential. These precepts are
but the parrot-like repetitons of advice gathered
from foreign sources, and Enthusiastically show
that the preacher Of them does not derive his
knowledge from his practice.
Our native gooseberry, Rides Nirtellum, is found