The Hawaiian gazette., 1881-06-22

munes. and has for civil machinery Juge
ds Pair fJustice of the Peacel, tax-col-
lector. a sergeant-of-geHs d drzles and four
rrivates. The arrondisement is under
sub-prefect, possesses a tribunal of first
instance. a receiver of taxes, a lieutenant
of gems d ar7ues, and a larger number OF
priyates under this designation are
erouped from to z cantons. Finally
comes the largest subdivision, the depart
ment. of these there are SO. Over tins
the Prefect holds sway here there Is
a court of appeal, treasurer, who IS res
ponsible for the whole taxes OF the depart
ment, who has to deposit heavy bonds and
has further to pay iS ad0dRce q sum eqmva-
lent to one-fourth the estimated receipts
for taxes of the department; the police Is
supervised by a captain of gems d dr1aes.
The former principle OF voting was that
every hundred thousand electors In an ar
rondisement returned one deputy, thus
some ACCOMPLISHMENTS returned two and
even three deputies deputy then had to
be a man known In his arrondisement, IN
fact local politics had their influence, and
further in department which was partly
republican and partly of other shades OF
political opinions, the minority had
chance of electing deputies in some OF the
ACCOMPLISHMENTS. The ScrutiH de ltste OBJ
Eges every man in the department TO
register his vote for all the deputies to be
elected in his department. Thus depart
ment containing 1000 inhabitants would
return seven deputies. Each man in vot-
ing gives the names Of seven candidates
upon his ballot Now it is very plain that
a man can hardly find more than or
-, 15eoy,a-f rrborr1 ba uOnld
choose or think fit for the position of
deputy, for the balance of his candidates
he would have to fall back upon the as
sistanee of some political combination who
would guide his choice, this Will in future
be supplied to him by central committee
at Paris which will send down the names
of certain candidates to be voted for ::
these of course will always be In ma
jority, for while the vote upon the local
favorites will be split, men of one arron-
disement urging the claims of their favo-
rite against those of another, the candi-
dates named by the central committee will
have nearly unanimous vote from their
party. Since men are now elected by
strict majority vote, it follows that the
Republicans of France will in most of the
departments give little opportunity for the
minority to get any representation at all,
while under the old system there was
chance. 1t is probably the intention of
Mons. Gambetta to present himself in
every department of France and to try to
come in at the head of the poll in each,
thus getting a sort of plebiscite in his
favor. This would necessitate the resig-
nation of Mons. Grevy and secure the
Presidency of the French Republic to
Gambetta, who would then carry out and
complete the great military reforms which
are now well in train and would be in
position to win back that military glory of
which France was shorn during the war
of 1901. Thus this political change in
France is likely to bring about grave re
suits, indeed it is likely to menace the
peace of Europe and we shall look for
ward with much interest to the debates
which viii take place in the Senate upon
this measure : among this body there are
several important men who are prepared
to fight it vigorously, as the latest tele-
grams show