The Hawaiian gazette., 1881-06-29
surars Culture in Manila Penang and
China.


LTvEPooI- May 5th. 1851.
~. S,r- Nj zee crossed the China Ses
in a small spanish steamer and within weel
after leaving Shancbae found myself in the capi
tai Of the Philippine Islands. The first sight
had Of these islands Was a high mountain rang,
on the island Of Luzoa. close to the entrance o.
Manila bay. Although within one days iourne,
from the capital these mountains are inhabited b,
sayares The hay is very large bat the water j
shallow. Manila is located at point where
small river enters the bav This river is nsvieabli
for small steamers. and comes from most ex
tonsive lake lover 40 miles long,. The city prope
is GA one side Of the river and the commercia
town on the other. the post authorities on sid
and the Custom House on the other. The latte
Is Of course on the side opposite the cOmme-cia
quarter; there are strict passport regulations
and the whole tendency Of the Government is e
cause Inconvenience and delay.
The European population in this city is ven
small There are about 5000 Chinese, and still
larger number Of mestizos. The total population
of Manila is said 20 be about 10000, and Of III,
whole OF the Philippines 6.0oo01O. ] did not stay
long in the city. but visited several Of the prin
cipal sugar districts Tins industry Is carried or
with great activity. the annual export amounting
4, 10000 tons. II is all made on small plAnta.
tons and in the most primitive manner. The
u-ovinces nearest to Manila are especially back
wand in the art Of sugar making. All they know Of
ii seems 10 have come from China; stone crushing
mills imported from that country are still to be
seen al work. although they have given place 70
iron rills In most places The greater number q
crushing mills are driven by buTRloes. but small
steam mills are largely employed A mil having
rollers SKIS would be considered rather a large
mill in the island OF Luzol. A few cast iron pans
constitute the rest uf the sugar house. Vacuum
Tans. osntrifugais and even pumps to elevate the
cane juior are not used The cane juice Is Of a
ve-y good quality and easily worked, but the su-
l,ar extracted ty these primitive methods Is Of 4
mos, inferior quality
Isaw one place where the juice Vas being boiled
down just as it came from the MILL no attempt be-
inc made TO skim of the impurities After the water
aseyaporlie5. the sugar while still hot was packed
into large grass bags. believe that occasionally
earsh 1r sand is mixed up with the cooked mass
to make !. weigh heavier.
There ara many places IN the Philippine Is
lands where much better article Is made. We;
nowherl. except on one plantation on the Island
Of Negros is any sugar made that could in any
way be compared 10 your Sandwich Island product.
Thf cane mostly cultivated is the red Java The
maximum weld per acre cannot be put down AZ
much uvgr two tons. One and one-fourth tons Is
as near Ms can he stated for an average good
cron ani This Is from plant cane for rattoons are
seldom ca tiyased. The land Is only cultivated on
the surfu1e-the Vlow II common use Is q very
small one drawn hy a-slnEi, OK OF buffalo. such
an nup.iauce can never touch the sub-soll. No
irrrtar is required the rainfall being abundant.
rlfNzplv ufp7Y-~
centre 90 centre OF the rovS. ana the cuttings LAID
Close together near the surface. Planting com
rsle-lces AZ the same time the crushing. about
December " January, and this IS me CRY season,
the wet season commencing al about May. 10y
which time the crop has % be of. After TINS /
imagine there is very little done 70 the growing
canes they are never stripped Of then dead leaves
and consequently do not Get fair chance 70
CROW. Whenever Questioned any planter about
rhoSe oTestons that consider essential N other
countries the invArlahle reply was aHicao frut7fo
ssnar. loo much work. sr. in short, Il Is
land 81 small sugar canes and OF barnboos 81
unriralled Growth Nature Is most prodl1sal IN
this lau6-.here are no narrow valleys but mas,
nifcauf eZpansa OF level country stretchlng 10
ward the mountains Inte-sected by naygaeie
rivers and Offering the greatest tacllues Tor the
construction OF roads OF railways The timber Is
OF excellent quality and large growth saw
table cut from a solid plank that was over teet
wide and Is feet long. without 3 crack OF hav-
Then the lofty hsmboos thar give such a pleasing
anrearauCe % the landscape. supply the natives
with al The material they require N the cilstro
tion II their houses And nov@for the people 1on
viii erpect ne to describe them as very incident
SCI of fellows. In such tropical country, OF
courze. no one wants 70 work more than he can
help vet the native races OF theSe 1s4anos nave
many good points ! was rather pleased TN them
on tie whole: and think that If they had been un-
der AnrI,Ssxon rule or influence, instead Of
Spanish q great deal more might have been mace
o. them. The progress they have mace IS perhaps
due ulore 70 the Chinese element IMAM me oEalish
49, h.Ge fCinrTltG rnr
vesrs blrk. fbev iutermasrv with tho native vo-
men The sssff-os resulting from these marriages
seem 10 retain the best qualities OF boih races
They an industrious and enieIIrlslng' possess az
ths shrswi business qualities Of the father and
retain tie GOOD rvsique OF the mother. Nearly al
OF the planters belong 90 tins class and very lev
OF tie pure hooded natives r1se above the oonci-
non 81 latorars while the pure Nniilee remain IN
re towns VERY few Spauiards or other foreign
ers engage IN plAnt1nl-ine former come oui a.
Government officials. the latter as traoers- Spain
hss never made the least attempt 10 GsVelop
rhese stands but II Is only JUS % slay Ilat Al
tie r,-sert isy she protects the laborer from any
abuse OF ili-treatment from his employer There
arr : t,,ur 100000 Of natives Who pay tr1oute 10
Spain: but the country Is larry and ianor VeEs
sssrcs in some parts. Ii would Be no use IN your
loakinr n this directlan 10 supply your planta-
si,,,s ,5ih tied hands for although the men are
desirable the Government would oppose any al
tempt 70 lake laborers oui o. the ooNIlI..
Mile in Swatau- China, was fortunate enough
70 80 A., r,r,or4unity 70 visit the country districts
in company with gentleman VINO sEeaks ths
iisl-t al that part Of China went there 10 see
re Cbinese rnetho5 Of cultlvatng the sugar cane,
their system Of treating the cane luioe- Many 81
; ~ Mill. v,ere az work. and / also saw every
o.erstiou relating to tiae OF the SOIL ana pant
- ~ Cbiuese treated me m0st clvlliy every
vrle-s AID Afforded me every Opportunity Tor %
serving their ~ork. Now mere We sre n n
hir.n-r,ace Of sugar making ana prooaoN VII
,,s5 - satl,e operafiols that were earned on
rsntur7rs AGO. A sugar house here IS conical ]
buil5inz made Of canes and straw; n the centre
is the crushing null. cumbersome macnine en-
rissinr Of tuo stone rollers placed yerilcalF N
EfronV uuodsn frame on the upper pax q TIE I
s,Is r,or4scss are cut into thoe Of one cTl1ncer
u-a.,iar teeth are inserted, which Work INTO COZ
Resembling cavities il the other cylinder. Inc
z,lss am q WOOD. one Of them being prolonged
riyye the frame. into this Is tnsTtec long earal
=, ,ri,;rb tsr,o oxen are attached. The canes are
,lv 1,arsv crushed AZ the trsi passing. bat they
Scr bS-k and repzssed between the rollers i
r4Ve-sl times The cane luics L earned In WOODEN
huckets 10 tie boiling house his L small sneo
- ;-,,r, r,.rs about r. IN diameter. 50 n
f-lan-,slar f,rEn over the furnace The latter Is
So ~ oven with the bottom Of the pans coming
sbr,',,f tbecroun IL has no fues or chimney the
ssmu hole through which he i1ei Is isa as $40
~ N can. for the smoke which nncs lis way /
rrt N H. BUILDING through hole II The ROOT
Hvi,.- ~ s-,srnr has been cleaned BY the use OF
ls, r,s siursrirr 1t Is either run out INTO shall
~ vs,ier -rnvs and stirred up while cooling %
,-av.nt ne formation Of grain or else II Is run
-. .-.I,--~rrrn v,uts By the hrst method they
v,-,,iucs \ ve- fine grained brown sugar contain
~ N - r,51asses but IN fo-11 that vii not
srsin- II = q fact. eoncsEfs IN powdered ioE1n-
The sucrr IN into the ellrfnenWe.re f'ols = ~.
~,,tsVi Y, = high a point: some Of Il has very
49, rr-r nd makes excellent white sugar when
eiaveS. Osside is a busy scene he canes AZ -.
49,, ,srri IN bundles q tie mil house WITH an
the leaves md tops on AZ me .soor - -. ---.-