davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
The Grange

There are a great many men in
the United States that have an idea
that the whole farming community
should be united to the Order
known as the Patrons of Husban-
dry. There are a great many OBJ
jects sought for in the Grange It
is a thing impossible to make all
men see alike in any one thing. In
the first place, this thing of trying
to unite the whole farming commu-
nifty into an order, is an impossible
ity, and [ have often thought it is
COR the benefit of mankind that they
see and understand differ emily.
There have been about three out Of
five of the farming community that
have been admitted into the differ
ent Oranges that never ought to
have seen the inside of a Grange.
They have been the cause of Grip
pling the Order in great portion
of the United States, and why?
Because they did not understand
the objects of the Grange; and fur
thermore, they were not competent
to learn the workings of the Order
Poor men have rushed to the
Grange with the expectation Of
suddenly becoming rich from the
working of the Order, without even
paying their small pittance of ten
cents per month to help maintain
the Order, and because they did not
suddenly become rich they were
ready to destroy the institution.
The Grange is business as well
as a social institution Men have
first to seek and maintain the fnan-
cial principle of the Order, then it
will naturally become social Order,
and when the first principle is made
success. then the second principle
will naturally exist of itself. But
the fsrt principle is the one to be
taken into consideration.
First, then, it becomes necessary
for US to take into considera ton
whether we are willing to associate
ourselves with every one that claims
TO be Granger who raps loudly at
the door for admittance. Every
man who claims to be farmear is
not adapted to the Order of the Pa
irons of Husbandry, and when any
portion of a community seeks to or
ganize that community as whole,
they are trying to work up some
thing that will sooner or later
be detrimental to their interests
socially and financially. | am a
believer in the Grange, and |
further believe that it IS one of the
best institutions that ever was or
ganized for the protection of the
working classes if its principles are
understood and strictly adhered to.
There is no Order that pro nises as
big an iacome for the benefit of the
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
Hard on the Farmers.

A city exchange gives the follow
ing advice to farmers:
"Hard times must be overcorfie
by farmers by hard work, hard
study, hard thinking, and the hard
est kind of economy"
The advice is good, but the en-
quiry naturally arises, why should
times be so hard upon farmers?
Why should they be compelled to
work SO hard, study so hard, think
so hard, and practice "the hardest
kind of economy" Why is it thuse
Is it because they are compelled to
bear an undue proportion of the
taxes which go to support the gov
ernment? Is it because they do not
get fair proportion Of the values
created by their hard labor? Is it
because they have no voice in fix
ing the price Of the products of
their skill? Is it because every
other profession is combined to get
as much out of the farmer for as
small a consideration as possible?
Is it because all other classes have
their own peculiar organization and
associations, which by combination
and cooperation makes it easy to
fleece the isolated farnerP
These are pertinent questions and
it would be we'll for farmers to
weigh them we'll, and then deter
mine if there be no way that they
can better their condition save by
''hard work, hard study, hard think
ing and the hardest kind of econ
Omy"
It is very easy for city editors to
instruct farmers as to the best way
to remedy hard times. But suppose
farmers were to undertake to in
struct city editors as to their duties.
Suppose farmers were to undertake
to instruct lawyers, doctors, mer-
chants, and others as to their affairs,
what then? Why they would be
told to mind their own business.
And yet every ''pennya liner" in
the city, who is ignorant in all mat
ters of farming, who would not
know whether to hitch team to
the beam end or handles of a
plough, thinks he is capable of Civ
! ing valuable advice to farmers. And
they (the farmers) are silly enough
to believe that because the editors
have charge of newspapers they are
very wise.
Farmers, it is time that you con-
clude that city editors of newspapers
can give cheap advice, and it is
very easy to say work hard, study
hard, think hard, and practice the
the hardest economv-but this is
not all. Organize! ORGANIZED! Or
ganize!1 Combine! Combine!!
Read more agricultural journals,
and fewer political sheets. Mind
your own business and tell city edi-
tors to mind theirs, and it will be
much better for you Virginia
| GRANGER.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
Ohio and Illinois.

Ohio is the Banner Grange State
of the Northwest, but the Patrons
of Illinois have served notice on their
brethren in the former State that
they intend to take the lead this year.
To this challenge Worthy Lecturer
Thompson, of the Ohio State
Grange, responds in the following
patriotic letter:
Dear Brethren of Hliuois:.-1
see in the last number of The State
Grange Nez0s proposition thai IL
linois press to the front and take
the banner from us of Ohio.
Our answer is: 60 on, brothers
and sisters Do all you can, work
with will, work with your might,
put your hearts into the work. We
wish you all the success you can
have, and shall rejoice in your sue
cess as if it were our own.
But don't imagine you have any
easy task before you, if you intend
to ger our banner from US. Ohio
has just walked up and is gettir-g g
fairly down to work. We have
learned SO well the value of the
Grange over here that we are be
ginning to work for it. We have
tried it and know it to be good.
Therefore, if you propose to enter
for this race, you must see that you
go at it in good earnest. You'll
have to put in your best licks, for
we are not going to lay down our
banner and have another State pass
us without good, hearty struggle.
In conclusion, let me again invite
you to the race, urge you to DO your
utmost, assure you that the race
shall be hotly contested one, but
it shall be our pleasure to see you
advance Fraternally,
R 5. THOMPSON.
Lecturer Ohio State Grange.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
Volume 8.
COLUMBUS, HISS.
Saturday. Nay Z. 1851.
The Grange Campaign in NIissis-
Sippi.

Worthy Master Darden, the able
and indomitable Grange leader in
Mississippi, will commence a thor
ough canvass Of the State on Thurs
day next, the 18th inst. His first
meeting will be in Adams county.
where he will doubtless be met by
alarge and enthusiastic gathering Of
Patrons and farmers.
The work which Worthy Master
Darden has undertaken is one of
great labor, and he will neces-
sarily be exposed to many hard
ships during the canvass, which
will occupy at least five months, as
he is compelled to travel by private
conveyance. He should not only
have the earnest support and coop
Grafton of farmers wherever he goes,
but his patriotic devotion to the
cause which prompts him to engage
in this great work should stimulate
every true Patron in the State to
more earnest and determined sup
port of the Order We need not
say that our talented and fearless
leader will strike strong and effect
i've blows in behalf of the cause. but
all his zeal, his devotion and his elo
quence will effect but little compar-
atively if the members and farmers
generally fail to attend the meetings
and give him an earnest and enthu-
Slastlc support It is for the Subor-
dlnate Oranges in the State to deter
nine whether this campaign shall be
a great success or a failure-whether
there shall be life, enthusiasm and a
general advance, or apathy and in,
action and a consequent loss of
ground. We suggest that Subordi
nate Oranges in all parts of the State
take immediate action to give Wor-
thy Master Darden fitting recep-
ton at every meeting; that those
Oranges which have not contributed
TO his salary do so at once, and that
they send US for publication the re-
suit of their action. Let our breth-
ren IN other States know that the
Master of our State Grange is en-
gagged IN an active campaign and
that the Oranges and farmers of the
State are giving him a strong and
enthusiastic support, and it will
carry joy to them and encourage
them to renewed efforts in behalf of
lie cause. Let US make this cam
pa'gn complete and glorious sue
cess.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
St. LOuis and Europe Through
Transportation.
From the New York Public.

The largest quantity OF freight
ever hanled by IA single engine has
inst started down the Mississippi
over 600 tons of grain In seven
barges towed by single tug. In
1874 The writer asserted, in a pub
Gshed memorial to Congress, tnat
6 900 tons of grain could be taken
by single tug at a cost not exceed
ing ST. per ton, or three-tonrths OF
mill per ton per mile. Very wise
and experienced people laughed
at the statement. But the load
now taken is so per cent greater
than was deemed possible, and the
actual cost of transportation is al
ready considerably smaller. At
rweIve tons to the car and twenty
loaded cars to the locomotive. the
freight taken down the river by
single tug would fill 760 cars, or
thirty eight full trains, each with
it's locomotive. Even at the present
low rates of transportation of ., 100
tons ct grain from St. Louis to
New York would cost over S6O,00O.
The cost OF transportation great
err distance, from ST. Louis to New
Orleans, probably does not exceed
$4,000. The charges are higher,
but great quantities of grain havo
heen moved from ST. Louis to New
Orleans for 5 cents bushel, or
even less, and s cents is named as
the full rate asked at any stage OF
water. Within day or two, large
contracts have been made Tor
freipbt from New Orleans TO Liver
pool at 6 pence, or II cents, per
! hushel. This makes the charge
from St. Louis TO Liverpool from
II to 20 cents. But the present
ratio from ST. Louis to New York
bv rail is 20 cents, and tho charge
from here to Liverpool is - cents.
Evidently the railrods have not yet
been obliged to regulate their rates
bv those charged on the river.
Contracts are made for shipments
from St. Paul to New Orleans at ID
cents per bushel, and that is just
what it costs by rail from st. Paul
TO Chicago. The rate from Chicago
To New York, now IS cents, is just
ona.half greater than tho rate from
! New Orleans to liverpool under
the contracts above mentioned.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

III stating in an article on our sec
ond page that we had lost conf
uence in the capacity or willingness
u the Democratic party, while nn-
ueL the control of the professional
Politicians, to do justice to the toiling
millions of the country, we should
~ nave added that the Republican and
o'eehback parties are far worse.
As long as these parties are con
"oiied by the politicians they will
'e corrupt and oppressive. The far
"ierS will not form a party of their
'"n' but they can combine within
'ul control their respective parties,
""o in that policy is their only hope
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
The Grange Defined.

There exists now, and did at the
time the Grange was organized, i'm
mense combinations, which, by a
system of cooperation, are enab,ei
to control the price paid for and
sold for, and manipulate every min
utia of trade, transportation and dis
tribution of the worlds products
with perfect ease and harmony.
These are great examples of CO.
operation to which no one would
object if they did not digress from
their own legitimate spheres of ac-
ton. But all experience proves
that where the power of co-opera
ton is applied by one great class,
all other classes in any way connec-
ted with them must apply the same
power, or else the natural laws are
subverted into personal uses.
The fa mer, as a class, is connec
ted with all other .sses, while all
classes but the farmer are applying
this great power of cooperation,
which as natural sequence oper-
ates to their gain and the detfiment
IF the farmer.
These combinations are com
munes, dividing the profits on the
farmers labor among themselves as
may suit their inter ST or fancy.
This is cooperation used for oppres-
sion, but nevertheless proves that it
possesses power when applied TO
any enterprise. Ths founders OF
the Grange were fully aware that
the great natural law of "Demand
and Supply was crippled bs the
cooperation Of boards of trade and
corporate associations, and wisely
determined to make the Grange
the means of placing the producers
on al equal footing with those who
were controlling both consumption
and production, by offering them
an organization through which as
perfect and complete a system oi
cooperation may be operated as
has been by corporations and stock
companies, boards OF trade and ex-
changes, for many years.
The Grange, therefore, is a CO
operative as well as a social institu,
ton. 1t could not be less and &C
complish anything of importance
No social, educational or business
enterprise can be successfully pros
ecuted without cooperation. And
aside from the Grange, to-day the
| farmers of America have absolutely
no organization or means of apply
ing the power of cooperation.
The benefits which have beer
and are being obtained in this way
is in no proportion of the zeal ano
fidelity to the principles as act u2lly
shown by our members. But enough
has been accomplished that if the
| Grange was to be instantly exter
minated, the farmers of the country
would be amply repaid for all time
and labor in the work.
The Grange has another impor
tant feature-the educational
about which [ will say something
IN nv next-A z. S. IN XIiuot,
Granog4 Nezus.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

1t is said that the negroes in this
section that rent land and receive
advances from merchants are devo-
ting their attention almost execlu-
sively to cotton, and we fear this
will be the case with many white
farmers. The agricultural lien law
is a curse to our State and it should
be repealed. Let farmers resolve to
vote for the reelection of no mem
Der of the Legislature who was op-
posed to its repeal.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
The True Functions OF Gov
ernFnPnt.

1t is beautiful theory that man
was made for society, but it is an
eminently better one that society
was made for man. Man was ne
cessarilv in existence before society
He contains within hemself all the
virtues that are an ornament to
society, all the elements that
strengthen government. Aud gov
ernment, and even society itself
however consequential they may
appear to the view of the naughty
and superfc al observer, are, not
withstaading, only means to an
end That end is The betterment of
the material. moral, and intellectual
conditions of the individuals COM
posing that society aud state; to
confer upon them, as far as possible,
the greatest amount of happiness.
For this society was formed. and
for this it is maintained, To pro-
tect the individual in his pursuit of
happiness, governm ents were insti-
tuted, and when they no longer
subserve that chief end they become
obsolete.-C. n Dunbar, fu Pop
utar Science Monthly for May.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
why the South Plants an Excess
OF Cotton.

Editor Patron. I have for
long time been trying to find out
why the farmers of the South
planted cotton to the exclusion of
other crops, why they made no meat,
corn, or wheat, even when they all
acknowledge that it was folly to do
so. In ante 5ellum times the big
cotton planter worked for glory and
not money, his whole thought and
energy were directed to making a
few more bales of cotton than his
neighbor The overseer, or man
ager wanted the glory of making
more cotton 20 the hand than any
of his brother manager. So the
talk was all cotton, no corn or hogs.
The smile of the factor was bright
est for him who made the most bales
and bought the most supplies; and
since the war it has been the fate
of all to want credit to buy supplies;
so the big planter went to the city
factor to ask an advance. How
much cotton will you plant? And
on his answer depended the amount
of advances. The same question is
asked by the country merchant of
the small planter, and it is stipulated
that the merchant shall have the
handing of his cotton. He, too,
wants glory and cotton, for his ad-
vances from the city factor depends
on how many bales he will ship.
Now all seem to deplore this
state of affairs, The cotton factor
tells the planter that all this is
wrong, all the newspapers every
spring calls on the planters 70
change, not to plant all cotton. But
what can the poor devil do? He
has no money, and can only get
credit by planting all the cotton he
can cultivate If he plants corn
and raises hogs, he gets no credit
nor countenance. 'Tis true that he
who raises corn, hogs, sheep and
hay will have more money to, pay
his debts,-but money amt glory
nor style, and if there is one thing
that a Southerner loves more than
another It's style.
So on we go to glory and the
poor house. We are constitution
ally opposed to economy or saving
money, and we are the easiest peo-
pie imposed on in the world. If
the South could realize the economy
of time and money in using i'm
proved agricultural tools and would
use them, it would give the South
| all the cotton they now make and
enough corn and meat to supply
them, instead of purchasing these
things from the North.
Now the remedy for all these
evils is in the hands of the commits
sion merchant and the country mer-
chant. If they will refuse to ad-
vance to any one unless he will
plant corn enough to do him and
make his meat, then the all-cotton
glory will pass away and the poor
cotton planter will eat his own hog
and hominy, and be sure that the
meat he eats did not die from hog
cholera If the South knew how
many hogs are sent to the slaughter
house as soon as cholera is detected
in the herd and killed to save them
from dying of disease they would
be more anxious to raise their own
meat. Seven million bales of cotton
this year and poverty is on the
ticket. l was laughed at in March
1850 when | said that cotton would
sell for 6 cents before the season
closed for the crop of ISSo-9I.
BARNEY LILLARD.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
COLUMBUS, MISSISSIPPI MAY 7, 1881

farmers and at as small an outlay as
the Grange. Men have rushed into
it madly without thinking what
they were doing, the same as they
have into all enterprises. Some of
them have gone into the Order un-
acknowledgement of ability, men
of l1nowledge-and they have made
it success, and to-day the Grange,
in portions of the United States, is a
living and lasting monument
Kansas Farmer.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07
BARNEY LILLARD

Gen. Butler, of South Carolina,
said in his speech in answer to
Frye that Massachusetts, the State
which makes so much noise
about a full and fair ballot, never
favored either. The men who
control the politics of that State are
rich, and ''they have established a
condition of things which makes it
impossible for man who is not rich
to become a candidate for any office
The spirit is SO widespread and so
insolently overt that the atlantic
MonthLy openly argues that it is not
desirable that all citizens should
vote, that it would be communion
if all bad equal rights to office. Out
of 100000 voters in the State, not
more than 100000" he adds, "ever
get to the polls"
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

An interesting letter by Mr.. 5. K
Cockrill, of Arkansas, appears IN
another column. The advocates OF
Clement Attachment factories are
daily increasing in number. MIR.
Cockrill is right in urging the far
mers in. the Cotton States to put up
small Clement Attachment factories
and convert their cotton into yarns
for market instead of selling it IN
the raw state.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

Farmers, of all mon, need most
TO compare notes and profit by each
others experience, How can they
best do this? Certainly by putting
their experience in print, SO that
it can be preserved. studied at le:s~
ure, and reach the hands of the
millions. Farming has already,
perhaps, the best literature of any
profession; yet none offers wider
feld for fruitful discoveries and in
ventions without number than this.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

The Clement Attachment Cotton
Mill. at Cuero Texas, has at last got
its machinery in position, and is
now ready for work, but the expe-
rience workmen expected have not
arrived. Another month will pro-
badly pass away ere it begins.
Looms sufficient to work up the
material are now ordered. and will
probably be in place by the time
the workmen arrive,
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

We are indebted to Senator
George, of this State, for copy of
the able and eloquent speech of Sen
ator Pendleton, of Ohio, delivered in
the L. S. Senate on the I3th ult.
Senator Pendleton is one of the
ablest and purest statesmen in the
Union, and had he been nominated
by the Democrats for the Presidency
in 1868 or 1872, he would have been
triumphantly elected. But that great
party had fallen into the hands of
tricksters, especially in 1872, and a
statesman with liberal and advanced
views like Mr.. Pendleton had no
chance for the nomination.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

Clay Dean, a prominent charac-
ter in western politics, gives this as
one of the planks of the platform
he proposes for new party:
THAT bribery in Presidential
elections shall be guaranteed against
bv the vote of the whole people,
given directly, under such registra-
ton laws as will prevent fraudulent
voting under the sevetest penalties;
that for the preservation of liberty,
Senators Of the United States shall
DC elected by the people, and not by
packed caucuses who have been ma
nipul tted by rings; that the judiciary
be made elective; that the cabinet
officers, foreign ministers and chief
3fficers of the revenue shall be cleo
ted by joint ballot of both Houses
# Congress, that the power and
patronage of the President may be
diminished and the danger of cen
fraiization be removed from the
Government as far as possible
tn Il =.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

The Grange cooperative store at
Olathe, Kansas, continues to grow
The weeks sales ending April %
amounted as follows:
Monday, $555.31; Tuesday, $666.o2;
Wednesday, AS 48; Thursday. s$4II.47 !;
Friday, $554.47, Saturday, $4,000; Total
for the week, 5000. IS.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

Worthy Master Lewis, of the
Louisiana State Grange, is pushing
the work of organization with great
zeal, and expects to have the State
Grange in good working order this
year. Our correspondents in that
State write us that the active Sub
ordinate Grangas will engage in the
work earnestly, and their activity
will induce many dormant Oranges
to reorganize. We hope to hear of
a steady advance all along the line
in Louisiana.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

The members of the Order in
many places in Georgia are becom
ing thoroughly aroused to the i'm
portance - establishing CO operative
stores. We expect to see scores Of
these stores in successful operation
IN this great State by next fall.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

The Mississippi Valley Cotton
Planters Association will hold its
annual meeting this month at
Memphis.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1881-05-07

Powell Grange, Lowndes county,
Miss, initiated six candidates at its
meeting last Saturday. The CO OPP
erative store recently established by
the members of this Grange is doing
well.