Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-03-12
A manual on Olive culture.

OF state flticuiturdl Oouiuieeion, LAS pre-
pared g very practical and valuable manual
on olive culture, and the suitability Of the
soil and climate of California for its extensive
and profitable cultivation, of which Dewey
& Co. are publishers. The writer has studied
the subject well, and besides has had cousid-
cradle practical experience in the cultivation
of the olive tree in the Acclimstiza-
ton Society's gardens, Royal Park,
that olive culture should become one of the
most important and profitable secondary in
dustries of California First, because of the
ease with which it is raised from Seed or, better
STILL propagated from large cuttings sec nd,
the little attention the tree requires when
once it has broken into leaf !; third, because
when properly planted truncheon fashion, it
viii usually begin to bear the fourth year,
not unfrequently few berries the third
year; fourth, the certainty of crop-it
usually bears in alternate years light and
heavy crop; fifth, the fact that no great
breadth of land is required for plantation,
since it can be readily grown along fences
and hedge rows or otherwise worthless stony
places; sixth, being an evergreen, when
planted around fences 1T forms a capital shell.
ter for more delicate fruits, vineyards, etc. !;
seventh, last, but not least, because when
brought into bearing it will not need to be
renewed, but will be still yielding when the
last ounce OF gold or silver shall have been
wruDg from the bowels of the earth. 1t
is affirmed that the olive trees now
growing and bearing on Mount Oivet, near
Jerusalem, are the same under which Christ
prayed nineteen hundred years ago. The
olive requires light, calearious soil, not too
moist. IL grows well among rocks and PEN
etrstes crevices of broken rocks. From the
authorities on this subject most of our foot
hill soils are well adapted to it, but it is said
the tree viii accommodate Itself to most any
soil il not too wet The olive Is q sub-tropi-
cal tree, and has wide range of climatic ad-
justment. For successful cultivation the
olive must have climate for the year as
warm as 81 17'. The mean for the coolest
month must be as warm as Al 30. and at no
time must the temperature fall below Ia.
According to this requirement the climate
of California, from San Diego to Reading, is
suitable for the culture of the olive. By
comparison of the climates of different local
tiles in this State with that of places noted
for the successful cultivation of the olive, it
is found that Sacramento and Rome, Italy,
are very nearly the same Also Los Angeles
and Alexandra, Fort TETON and Florence,
Benicia and Marseilles, San Diego
and Algiers, MERGED and Jerusa-
lem. Touching the use Of olive oil, it
is stated that for the year ending June 30,
1877, there were imported into the United
States 34S, 431 gallons, valued at S491, 43l,
on which the duty paid was $780,
776 70. OF the above San Fran
cisco imported AZ 1872 gallons, valued
at S97, 118 The countries about the Medi-
teIranean produce nearly all the olive oil of
10 ,vnrlI Tho bact oil ic rradunaJ xyith
the influence of salt water air Olives yield
about three gallons of oil to bushel of Der
ries, and the best oils are worth from 81 % to
81 per gallon. The poorer qualities of oil are
worth from 30 cents to 70 cents per gallon,
and are used for manufacturing and lubricat-
ing purposes. Of the varieties of the olive,
the Verdale is good for table oil as well as for
green conserve, and is an early good bearer.
The Banquet, adapted TO dry ground, makes
a sweet delicate oil The Bouquettier, for
superior OIL The Redounaou, adapted to
colder climates, good for table oil and con-
serves. The Mission olive is said TO be of
the native variety of Africa or Europe. 1t
is much smaller than the cultivated kinds of
the south of Europe, and is not good bearer.
It is believed that olive culture might be
made among the most profitable of fruit in
dustries in this State.
interesting TO FARMERS.
IN-AND.IN BREEDNG.-At the recent
Wool-growers' Associations meeting, DR..
Townshend gave this advice, which Is fully
applicable to all stock: "The farmer must
select only the very best to breed from, and
reject all the rest to get good flock all in
ferlor animals must be rejected. In regard
to in-breeding, all breeders recognized the
necessity of a certain amount of in-and-in
breeding, as it was the only system to estab,
lish a type of any kind, but if carried too far
it was ruinous therefore, to secure vigor and
fecundity, there must be out-breeding, or
crossing with similar types not related. In
regard TO cross breeding for improvement. the
conditions of food, climate and care must al
ways be taken into account. A farmer who
gets pure breed with his common stock for
improvement, is often not satisfied with the
experiment. because he does not correspond
ingly improve the care, food aud condition of
the stock to the improvement of the breed
a farmer who sets out to improve his stock
must decide to also improve the circun-
stances of keeping said stock, to be satisfied
with the experiment.
QUALITY IN BEEF-The quality of beef
depends mainly on the kinds of food that
have been used, the manner of the feeding
and the condition in which the animal has
been kept To produce the finest favored
and best-marbled flesh the animal must be
we'll kept from calfhood to maturity, on a
variety of foods. The grasses usually grown
in our pastures are the very best of foods, and
possess all the various elements to produce
the best quality of beef, when furnished in
sufficient abundance to insure constant and
healthy growth. When supplemented with
grains no one kind should be relied upon ex-
clusiyely. Beef grown with corn as the main
reliance is too fat and oily. We have held,
further, that exercise was essential to a
healthy development of muscle, and that
without this no breed, no matter how fed,
would produce the highest quality of beef.
Live Stock Journal.
PAPER SKIN IN SHEEP.-This often dan
gerous malady among sheep consists of an in-
Vulnerable number of small worms infesting
the lungs of the sheep. For a cure, admins
ter turpentine mixed with linseed oil, or with
whisky, if the sheep are badly debilitated.
Dose, teaspoonful of turpentine per day,
divided into two doses also fumig ating with
sulphur. The symptoms are bloodless eye
lids, dropsical under the jaws, a severe cough,
general depressed condition, and the wool b.
comes loose, and after death no blood in sys-
tenn. As to prevention, there are many rec
concentrations, but the use of turpentine as
spoken of, at first indications, would prevent
any serious results.
s=@za<.z1r.~x-zz-n~-zns
A SIMPLE METHOD OF COPYING DR.
Beale gives the following as the simplest
method of copying an object magniied in
the microscope: Arrange the paper on
\