davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
Sounds from a Rainbow.

One of the most wonderful discover
les in science that has been made within
the last year or two is the fact that q
beam Of light produces sound. A beam
of sunlight is thrown through a lens on
a glass vessel that contains lampblack,
colored silk or worsted, or other sub
stances. A disk having Sits or open
ings cut in it is made to revolve swiftly
in this beam of light, so as to cut it up,
thus making alternate flashes of light
and shadow. On putting the ear to
the glass vessel strange sounds are
heard so long as the flashing beam is
falling on the vessel.
Recently more wonderful discovery
has been made. The beam of sunlight
is made to pass through a prism SO as
10 produce what is called the solar
spectrum, or rainbow. The disk is
turned and the colored light of the rain
bow is made to break through it. Now,
place the ear to the vessel containing
the silk, wool or other material. As the
colored lights of the spectrum fall upon
it sounds will be given by different
parts of the spectrum, and there will
be silence in other parts. For instance,
if the vessel contains red worsted, and
the green light flashes upon it, loud
sounds viii be given. Only feeble
sounds viii be heard when the red and
blue parts Of the rainbow fall upon the
vessel, and other colors make no sound
at all. Green silk gives sound best in
red light. Every kind of material gives
more or less sound in different colors,
and utters no sound in others. The
discovery is a strange one, and it is
thought more wonderful things will
come from it.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
Thinning Fruit.

Whenever we tell friend he should
thin his fruit he talks about the curcu-
lilo, the coddling moth, the birds and
the boys, and "guesses there will be
thinning enough before the season gets
through" This is true enough in its
way. Wherever these troubles exist to
any extent it is not much use to grow
fruit at all. But there are some who do
not leave all their gardening to insects
and vermin; some who dispute the right
of these pests to interfere at all, and
wage war, successful war against them;
but even these do not appreciate the
value Of thinning their fruit. The evil
of overbearing is particularly apparent
in dwarf pears and grapes. As gen.
eral thing there is rarely grape vine
but would be benefited by having its
lunches cut away and some of the free
bearing dwarf pears might have from
one-third to one-half. The grapes may
be cut away as soon as they can be seen,
but the pear should be left until some
what grown, as they often fall after they
are pretty well advanced. 1t not only
helps the size of the fruit, but is gain
to the future health of the tree.-Ger
mantoecn Telegraph.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
Chicken Cholera.

The disease commonly known as
chicken cholera is one of a contagious
character, although it will undoubtedly
occur spontaneously in single fowl of
flock, and may spread no further if
the sick fowl is removed at once to
safe distance. The disease is intestinal
fever, with inflammation of the liver.
It may be caused by unwholesome sur
roundings and by continued indiges-
ton and malnutrition, by which the
blood is brought into the precise con-
dition in which it furnishes an accept
able support to the germs Of the dis
ease which are floating in the air at
certain seasons and under certain cir
cumstances. These, however, are so
varied that we may expect them TO be
present at all times, even in the coldes
weather, for even then fowls are at
tackled with this disease. The conspic-
nous indications of this disease are q
yellowness of the Eattles and cheeks
and green and yellow dung or black
liquid discharge. When fowl is thus
attacked it should be separated from the
rest; twenty drops of carbolic acid
should be put into pint of water for
twelve fowls, and the sick fowl should
have three drops of the acid given in a
teaspoonful of water. No food should
he given for some days and only the
carbolated water.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
Nfrom the Trade Journal, .NeD York;
IMPORTANT TO THE CIGAR TRADE.

T., We nave recently had our attention called
,, w. rev ana important improvement in tho
,a1''iac.ure OF cigars, and as it is one that is
ros. 'ly destined to revolutionize thecigar bust
we have had one of our reporters, who
81 speciaty convcrsant with the tobacco aud
go. ."i .fsae, to interview The inventors and
Il '1 1nts. The invention was patented May
a a' toio' by Messrs. j. & A. Frey. These
s'I,'emen have had many years experience
W.; de cigar business. The cigars are made
, n OF the very best seed and Havana
55C'ocos' with closed tucks, and amongst the
a",n'ages they possess over all other cigars
81" % mentioned: A positive retention OF
~ s aroma OF the fller-its loss by evaporation
, e;eing impossible. A better, quicker and en-
wbnss round light; and they will not break
faces carried IN the pocket These are advan-
NO.. winch will be recognized by evcry
IN 1o os as being OF the greatest Importance.
Fre snort 1t IN y be said that Messrs. j. A.
nov. nave made very decided hit with their
ac', as NO one can properly realize the deli
N ny y VI Inc flavor and aroma of a cigar made
nj ~. way until he makes a personal trial,
.ho 'nis we advise our readers, whether in
an, "aue or not, to do. Even in the appear
st, ,e VI the cigar there is something novel and
,na oaooVe' the small, neat twist, which secures
nro,. ias'ehs the whole, being q decided i'm.
beam 1 ,ns Though the new patent cigar has
tho,a 'or sucn short time before the public,
,,r' are already indications that its mauutac
~. ~ ~ Tue skllliul and experienced hanes OF
=, Hessrs. Frey will prove a wonderfully suc.
's'a' commercial enterprise
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
ShOeiuq Horses.

One of the most prolific causes of
contracted heels in horses is allowing
their shoes to remain on too long. It is
seldom we hear of horses having con-
tracted heels when worked regularly
every day. Few persons are aware of
the Importance of removing a horses
shoes, which should be done at least
every month or six weeks. It is too
often the custom to allow the shoes,
after having once been placed, to remain
till worn out before removing them.
Fifty years ago, when horses shoes
lasted much longer than they do now, it
was common practice to remove them
once before they were worn out. When
removed the horses feet were pared
down the same as when newly shod. If
this was the practice now we should
have less interfering and fewer lame
horses.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06

health; others, in fear and trembling of
an irate Gael with huge stick in his
hands. Be this as it may, the health
seeker or the fugitive take which you
please-was no other than LIE Geste,
and, to close my story, when the vessel
touched at st. Helena for water and
provisions he and Effie went ON shore
and returned man and wife"
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06

Russia leather is made from the hides
of two or three-year-old calves. The
tanning material employed is willow
bark, sometimes also pine and pear
bark, used either in vats or in the form
of extract. The operation last five or
six weeks. When this is completed the
leather is we'll rubbed on the flesh side
with birch oil and oil from sea calves.
to which it owes its peculiar odor, and
then it passes through rollers that i'm
press upon it peculiar figure and
roughnees.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
The Well.

Dark and cool the water lies
In the old time-honored we'll:
Deep, down deep the bucket flies
And how often, who can tell2
for the schoolboy, hot with play.
For the laborer tired with toll
For the traveller on his way,
Doth the tireless rope uncoil
And how often, who can ten2
Or, who first the gracious draught
Drew up from the bounteous wellp
or, who sunk the ancient shaftp
Ihey are dust, who slaked their thirst
AT the little silver fount
In the wild woods, where it first
Called the huntsman to dismount
They are dust the pioneers,
Who the strong-ar forest broke.
Where the old well now appears,
Where now curls the village smoke.
SO shall we within the vale
With our childrens children dwell;
But the waters ne'er shall fail
In the old time-honored well.
Robert Balli,ag, st. Louis Post Dispatcb.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
Plant Medium-Sized Potatoes.

The following figures show the result
ofexperiments made in growing potatoes
at the experimental farm of Cornell
university, Ithaca, n. Y: The Early
Rose variety was planted May 10; the
soil, sand loan, unmanured and mod
erately fertile. Each plot consists of
single row fifty feet in length. The
rows were four feet apart, and the seed
was dropped eighteen inches apart in
the row. Below is the yield in pounds:
Plot Yield Yield. Total
No Large. Small. Yield.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
THE FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.
PIOw Early.

Where other work will permit it is
best to pillow the land for fall sowing
soon after the haying and harvesting is
over. This avoids the drought-dried
soil that is frequently found later in the
season, besides turning under the weeds
before they hare time to ripen their
seeds. Thorough use of the cultiYator
will prepare the early plowed land when
sowing time comes.-Ame,icam Agricul-
turiSt.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
(Ffom the Grocer, New York,)

d, Messrs. J. A. Frey's goods are noted for
"c,r excellence OF manufacture and superior
aoalty OF stock used. Having had an expe-
.ellce OF twenty years they can satisfy any
USE frcm the most iastidious to the most
urinary. 1t is always well to know that
.,"huacturers are competent to judge properly
a. 10 me quality of stock, and have thorough
VIZ nssn1 into the details of their business, and
~, re s oan confidently recommend Messrs. Frey
10 Ill the bill in these respects.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06

hens egg are classed as small. 1t APP
pears that medium sized potatoes, cut
to two eyes, aud two pieces to the hill,
give the best results; that deep planting
aud fiat culture did the best. These
experiments, if they do nothing more,
point out to our readers the advantage
of such trials, and we hope there will
grow among farmers a disposition to
make annually similar tests in the cul-
ture of any and every farm crop. Much
can be gained in this way.
The Sentinel. [volume] (Trenton, N.J.) 1880-1882, 1881-08-06
SOLE Manufacturers and Patentees OF
closed Tuck Cigars and the Min.
iature Glass Ballot Box
Cigar Box.
Opinions of the Press.

tfrom the Sentinel, Trenton, u. J.)
Inc tobacco and cigar house of Messrs. j. &
A. Frey IS among the most respectable and
.esponslhle IN Trenton. Their goods will al.
why's De found to be exactly as represented.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
New Liquor Act.

An act was passed at the last Legs
lature giving an extra turn to the screw
of the liquor law. In substance it is
about as we stated it few weeks since
in these columns. 1t is considered in
the light of civil damage to the drink
er's family, hence, when one is confined
for intoxication, or for doing mischief
when in that condition, the vendor of
the liquor will be obliged to pay to the
family of the incarcerated man 81 per
day during such confinement. 1t would
seem that this extra twist upon the
vendors nose might have a wholesome
effect, should the officers of the law do
their duty. We can see no way at
present to effectually check the Illegal
sale of liquor, unless the seller he COM
PEELED every time to pay two or three
times the amount Of his profits. If 1t be
money that the seller is after, make one
hand wash the other 10y compelling him
to pay it back. No sensible man likes
to spend his time aud money unprOtita-
bly,, but when he finds that it costs
more to deal in liquor than it comes to,
he will be likely to stop from pure self
defence and he will not do it before.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14

Regiment armory across the street, re-
turning thither after the passage, so
that the dear fellows may be exposed
as little as possible to the weather.
This is really and truly a solemn fact,
without the least fraction of joke
about it. Indeed, the parties concern
ed do not seem to apprehend anything
laughable about it; yet some of their
officers actually served in the war;
There has been a grand blaze up and
consequent destruction of a famous old
landmark of our city, which has few to
spare of the kind. The well-known
roadside hostelrie at Mount St. Vincent,
within the limits of Central Park. scene
of the labOrs of the devoted Sisters of
Charity during the war, and of infinite
festivity since, has been burnt. 1t is
too bad for the sleighing parties, as a
lunch there was always looked forward
to as one of the most enjoyable items
in the pleasures of jaunt on runners.
Never was there better sleighing or
more of it, with more famous roadsteTs,
than right here just before the thaw,
and the old house was missed.
One of the grand pOw-wOws of the
season is the annual dinner of the New
York Press Club, this year attended by
Grant, Sherman and a multitude OF
other big bugs. The growth of the
institution has been marvellous.
1t started few years ago with less
than twenty members in one room,
with bare floor, half dozen chairs, and
a cracked stove. Lager beer and pipes
were the usual refreshments, and dom
inoes and cards the usual pastimes.
Their rooms now are very large, the
carpets alone costing $4,000, while
they have three billiard tables, the best
working reference library in the world,
bar none, and a membership of nearly
600. The Bohemian element is in an
impressive minority, and the attire OF
even the least fortunate is as rule 4
great improvement on the slouchy cos
tunes once in vogue. The rise of the
Club, with critical biographical notes
of the members, will form the subject
l understand, of an interesting series OF
papers to be published very shortly il
the Boston Commercial Bulletin by {
very particular friend of your
RADIX.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
State News.

1t is said that Speaker Martin declin-
ed a testimonial that had been project
ed to be presented to him by the mem
bers of the legislature. Sensible.
The Ottaqueche Wooden COmpany's
factory, located at North Hartland, is
now making 1000 yards of cloth daily,
or 100000 yards annually.
A. w. Whitcomb, for five years con
ductOr on the Montpelier Il Wells Riv-
er railroad, has been appointed train
master on that road, having charge of
the movement of trains and train men.
In Burlington, the 5th, water pipe
in the Howard Opera House burst, and
before it could be shut off the water did
considerable damage to stores below of
Messrs. Edward Barlow and Peck Bros.
The whole number of deaths in Mont
pelier, during the year 1880 was sixty
seven-thirty-twO males and thirty We
females. OF the causes of death, eleven
died of diphtheria, six of consumption,
six of cholera infantnm, four of lung
fever, three of paralysis, three of can
Ger, three OF pneumonia, three of apo
plexy and three of typhoid fever.
The $685. 500 of Montpelier town
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
The Cabinet.

One subject going the rounds OF the
press just now, is the speculation upon
the new Cabinet. Some one has ia
vorte whom he would like to see in
that position, aud we often hear that
Mr.. b or Mr.. c has been rendered a
"portfolio.n Some no doubt have
worked hard to influence Gen. Garfield
in this matter, but it looks little un-
wise to make such out and out declara-
lions when they don't know what they
are talking about. We might say that
Judge Poland would make good At
torney General, and are beliere it, but as
Mr.. Garfield hasn't sought our advice
on the subject, we won't say positively
that ''portfolio" has been offered to
him. We hope so, though.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14

bishops in view of promoting the re-es-
tabliShing of order.
The Stafford County AlmshOuse, sit
uated about four miles from Dover, n.
H., was burned Friday morning, and
thirteen persons persisted in the flames;
the pecuniary loss is placed at $4,000.
Mr.. Epes Sargent, at one time and
during many years one of the most
prominent literary men in America,
died Thursday night in Boston.
The Orthodox Congregational church
of Francestown n. H., has unanimous
ly voted to dispense with fermented
wine at the communion table.
The large mills at Manchester n. H.,
are having much trouble on account of
the lowness of the Merrimack river, and
most of them are running on short
time.
The Northern and Concord railroads,
which have had all their through
freights cut off by the Vermont Central,
say they are rather glad of it than 9TH
erwise, as the pay for carriage was so
small that they made scarcely anything
and often lost. The Northern railroad
is said to be contemplating building a
branch to Rutland, VT, where they
would strike the Saratoga division OF
the Delaware and Hudson Canal com
pany, aud would thus be enabled to
get good amount of western freight.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
S259S.49.
Total
John B. Brown Fatally Hurt.

John B. Brown. a banker and the
wealthiest citizen of Portland, Me-,
while walking across his grounds to his
daughters house last Sunday night
slipped and fell. iarring himself severe
ly. He thought himself uninjured, but
shortly was obliged to retire, and it
was found that blood vessel was rup-
tured in the head. Mr. Brown died
Monday morning. He had been for a
generation perhaps the most widely
known business man of the city. He
accumulated a great deal of money in
the sugar manufacture, but his big
building was one of the first to be con-
sumed by the great tiie of 1866. He
refitted these works, but adhered to the
old method of refining, while others
adopted new machinery, and in time,
finding the industry protitless, he aban-
doued 1t. The building has since been
used tor the experiment of beet-sugar
making. OF late years he has been a
banker. but has also had much capital
in other kinds OF business. He was a
large, if not the chief, owner in the
Falmouth hotel, and was interested in
the Portland locomotive works and the
rolling mill He was also prominent in
the bu ii.s of the Atlantic and St.
Lawren,s. Portland and Kennebec.
Portland and Ogdensburg and Portland
and Rochester railroads. The COngre-
gational denomination, BOwdoin col
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
General News.

Mrs. Van Colt, the evangelist, has
stopped preaching and gone to making
patent medicine. She pleads poor
health as an excuse for the change.
A clerk in the Concord, n. H. post
office, while stamping letter had his
right eye badly hurt by the explosion
of some percussion caps in it, put there
contrary to law.
Canada will take her census on the
first Monday in April.
Eight members of the Massachusetts
legislature are NermOnters by birth.
The Governor of Illinois recommends
that the Legislature enact law which
will make it an offence to adulterate
food.
Baltimore can boast of a citizen whose
business integrity is above par. He
failed in. ~ for $50, 900, paying 80 cents
on the dollar. On Saturday he sent a
check to each creditor, paying in full,
with six per cent. interest.
Last year Minneapolis ground over
10000. 900 bushels of wheat, making
over 1000, 900 barrels of -four. A mill
is being constructed that will turn out
1000 barrels per day. The power is all
supplied by st. Anthony's Falls on the
Mississippi, being one of the best privi-
leges in the country.
Two ladies' riding in sleigh at Ha-
wanna, Ohio, on Sunday, were struck by
a locomotive while crossing the track
and instantly killed.
The condition of affairs in Ireland
continues to be a matter of much con-
Germ to the Pope, who, it is reported,
sent fresh instructions to some Irish
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
"Boycotting."

By this time every one is familiar
with the above term, which originated
with the recent Irish troubles, and
which is destined, no doubt, to find a
place i'll future history. We see some
thing in it containing bit of philOso-
ply, worthy, perhaps, of some consid
GRAFTON; and that is, the germ of mi
norities-a power stronger than men
mysterisusand incOmprehensible, which
occasionally springs forth to assert
rights, or to maintain some balance in
human affairs.
While the principle of majorities is n
pretty safe guide, yet majorities are not
always right. Many feel that minsrities
have no rights. But the history of the
world will show that every new and
important transaction has been con-
ceived, borne and supported by the
few instead of the many.
Now we are not discussing the rights
or the wrongs of Ireland, but simply
say that the same principle seems to be
now working there that has always ex-
listed among men. 1t is this: When
men sense great wrong, aud know
they must contend against great odds,
it is natural for them to resort to what
the world would judge questionable
methods. II men cannot face the enc
nv in a square, stand-up fight, then
thew will resort 10 some kind Of strate-
CIV. This kind of warfare is not wholly
confined to savages either. but in emer
goney all take advantage as they can.
Now "Boycotting," in essence, is
practically Indian tactics, guerrilla
warfare, or privateering, all OF which Is
done to carry points that cannot be
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
Good Men for the Senate.

Gen. Joseph R. Hawley and Secreta-
nv Sherman were unanimously nOmi
mated by the Republicans of the Con
necticut and Ohio Legislatures, respect
lively, for U. S. Senators. This is first
rate. Now if we were only sure that
New Yerk and Pennsylvania would do
as well-but we are not in fact we
feel pretty snre they will not. In New
York it is Coukling and authorizing,
with the chances to day in favor of
Richard Crowley, machine man. We
had hoped for NicePresident Wheeler.
In Pennsylvania Galusha Grow and
Henry w. Oliver are candidates, but
without much hope for either, as Boss
Cameron has not yet named his man.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1881-01-14
Meeting of Parliament.

The British Parliament was opened
on JAN 9th by the reading of the roy
al speech, which was largely devoted to
the Irish question, and which stated
that strong eoercive measures would be
promptly introduced. 1t is said that
both Mr.. Gladstone aud Mr.. Parnell
were cLeered by their respective parties
on entering the House of Commons.
Many Dix that should the liberal par
tv fail - soon make some favorable
impress,oI regarding the Ilish troubles,
the result would he an appeal TO the
country, and perhaps the reinstatement
of the conservatives to power. 1t would
seem that such statesmen as Gladstone
aud Bright ought to cope with the pres
ent difficulties, and not Oblige the cOun-
try to take any backward step i'll pro
gressive politics.