davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

The people at Lone Tree Lake are in
hopes that an end to their church troubles
is drawing nigh. The seceders from the
M. E. church. together with the Presby-
tcrians and Christians Of various beliefs,
have united in forming a Congregations
church. There will be from twenty TO
twenty-five members. A council Tor the
recognition Of said church 10 called to
convene Msy 8.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

New goods. including a fine line of
boots and shoes, expected next week at
RObt. Wilson's.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

A. H. Bolton. veterinary surgeon den
tist, of Mankato, will be in Redwood
Falls, Tuesday, April 26th. and remain
two days. All who desire his services
will please call at that time at McCarty's g
livery Office.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

DR.. Smiths works on Short Hand, Mar
riagc and Divorce. and the Brotherhood
of Man, are on sale at Pond E Cos.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

A special meeting of the Board of
COunty Commissioners will be held on
the S0th inst.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Large bottles. good medicine. is the rep
utation of DR.. Marshalrs Lung Syrup.
1t cures coughs and colds quickly. The
price is only twenty Eve and fifty cents u
I,ot IL
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
STATE OF M1NEEeorA, !

Standing on the platform. waiting for
the cars. one wintry night. was how he
caught y severe cold. One bottle OF. Dr..
Marshalls Lung Syrup cured him.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
Notice to Teachers.

to falfiil my appointments at LambertOn and
Walnut Station. Therefore will be at
LAMBERTON, April 36th and 27th.
WALNUT STATION, April 2Sth and 18th,
to hold public examinations, and expect to
meet all teachers intending to teach In the
south part of Redwood county at one OF said
places. d. L. BIGHAM,
Co. Supt. of Schools.
Redwood Falls, Minn.. April 13. 1881.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
NOTICE.

This il to certify that have this day given
my minor son, Ulysses Lee Virgins, his time
until he attains his majority, and that shall
pay no debts contracted by him, nor claim any
of hts earnings. JOHN WI96lNS.
Walnut Station. April 1, 1881.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Keep your feet dry by purchasing rub
Der bouts at McMillan's. -Four sizes on
hand-mens', youths, boys, and child
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
NOTICE.

REDWOOD FALLS, MIMI, April ., 1881.
Complaint having been entered at this once
by Andrew Haala against Gustav A: Dietz-
mann, for non ncOmplianCe with the timber cul-
ture laws in the matter Of planting trees upon
his timber culture entry No. 19. dated July 2,
1873 upon the northwest quarter OF section Ii,
township Ill, range 81, In Redwood county:
Minn., with q view TO the cancellation OF saio
to appear at this once on the 2lst day Of May,
1881, 1t two O'Clock P. NJ. to respond and fur'
nish testimony concerning said aueGed aban
dOnment, WM. p. DUNNIN0TON, Register.
VIZ. D. H1RRIOTT, Receiver.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Go to McMillan's for the best bargain
in ladies and misses shoes and slippers
you ever had.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
LEGAL.
PROBATE NOTICE.

County % - Of HSsoes Redvood tss. In Probate Court.
Special Term, April II, 1851.
In the matter Of the estate Of John Schmidt.
deceased.
Whereas, an instrument in writinR. purport.
Ing te be the last will and testament of John
schmidt. deceased, late of said county. m
been delivered to this court; and whereas HoF.
man Schmidt has f1led Herewith his petition,
representing, among other things, that said
John Schmidt died in said county on the ID day
OF February, 1881, testate, and praying that the
said instrument may be admitted to probate,
and that letters of administration with the Wiii
annexed be to him issued thereon:
1t ts ordered, that tho proofs Of said instru.
ment, and the said petition, be heard before
this court, at the Probate Once in said county.
on the 7th day Of May, A. D. 1881, at one O'Clock
In the afternoon, when all concerned may ap-
ment.
And II is further ordered, that public notice
OF the time and place Of said hearing be given
to all persons interested, BY publication Of
these orders for three weeks successively pre.
SlOus 70 said day Of hearing, in the Redwood
Gazette, 9 weekly Newspaper printed and pub
nsned at Redwood Falls, In said county,
VssAAl JudDeVG Psonn&As
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Mr.. John Thornhill, commenced seed
ing on DR.. Riheldaffer's farm on Tuesday
Inst
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Z A fine stock of ladies' Spanish lace.
ties and fichus. Hamburg collars. silk
hsndkerchicfs, etc, just received at Nc
Millan'e.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Rev. B. g. Dove will preach at the
Christion church On Sunday. May. .1st. at
1890 A. N
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
Forbidding Credit.

Notice is hereby given that all persons, from
and after this date, are forbidden to give cred
it, on my account, to my wife, Mrs. Susan
white or to any other member Of my family.
Dated, Stanley, April LIST, 1881.
Z0,3 JAMES WHITE.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Our citizens are enjoying the pleasure
OF walking on dry sidewalks once more.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

A large stock of envelops. legal cap. and
writing paper just arrived at Pond & Co.'S.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

A complete variety of Leamon's aniline
dyes, at D. L. Hitchcock & Sons.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
Notice..

All those indebted to me are requested
to call immediately and settle their ac-
counts. ROBT. A. WILSON.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

For uniformly low prices on drugs and
druggists sundries. the Old Reliable takes
the lead.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
Dissolution Of Copartnership.

The copartnership heretofore existing BE-
tween the undersigned, under the frm name
Of Leibenguth 4 Mcconnell, was this day dis
sOlyed. GEO. LEIBEN0UTH.
J. A. MCCONNELL.
RahwooA Falls. March - 1881.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Last Sunday-Easter our first gen
uine spring day, the night previous hav-
ing been the first one for nearly six
months n which no ice was formed. No
services were held at the Presbyterian
church. owing to the absence OF Rev. Mr..
Loba. At the Methodist, there was q
good attendance, and tho pastor
preaohsd an excellent sermon appro.
pirate 70 the occasion. ~
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

A full stock of groceries on hand once
more at McMillan's.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Five quires nice writing paper for IS
cents, at Pond b Cos.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Big stock of paints and oils at C.
Vests. fp
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

O. Severence Esq, who represents V.
w. Parker the contractor in mail route
No. 26, 104. from New Ulm to this place
and return. has written our postmaster
that service would be put on the route on
Monday last. Weekly trips will be made
until the roads get in good condition
when three trips IN each direction will be
made a. heretofore.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Clint. Fisk returned from Saltwater
last week with u carload of the finest
horses ever brought to this town. They
were purchased for Auditor Whitcomb's g
farm. Clint. has full gang of men en-
gagged. and proposes to push the work
along lively as soon as the ground is in
good condition for seeding.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Grain boots at McMillan's.
The latest boOm-the falls.
Paints and oils cheap, at G. Vests.
Have you seen Judge Cox's monogram
Bran and shorts for sale at the Whit
comb elevator.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
cash ADVERTISING RATES.

All transient Advertisements must be paid
for in advance.
Legal Notices. Is cts. per square for the drst
insertion and 37M cts per square for each sub.
seQuent insertion.
Local Notices inserted at 10 cents Dor line.
RB'lsiness cards Of five lines or less $500
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
Seed Wheat and Flax Seed
for Sale.

have 1000 bushels Of choice Fife wheat, the
seed for which was brought fr,m the Big
Woods last year, and 500 bushels fax seed,
which propose to sell for seed to those calling
for It in season. G. C. SICKLE
Redwood Falls, March 2lth. 1881.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

All persons indebted to the late frm Of Leib-
enguth & Mcconnell are requested to call at
the old stand Immediately and settle their &C
counts J. A. MCCONNELL.
The business of the hate firm will be c0ntfn-
ued by the undersigned, Mr.. II. D. Nichols
having purchased the interest of Geo. Leiben-
guth in the business.
MCCONNELL 4 NICHOLS.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21

Home Matters.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1881-04-21
Ignite.

Correspondence OF the GAZETTE.
The specimen of coal found four miles
east of Redwood ION the farm of J. ].
Coyle) is pronounced BY many to be lig-
mite. or brown coal. and is of the same
quality and grade as that found through
out the west; and to give better under
standing of the relative value of this
coal, showing the changes it would have
to undergo to become anthracite, ap-
pend the following table:
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04
CHAS. H. 0. FOX,

offers to the public rare chance for
EXTRA BARGAINS.
n. Repairing in all its branches as
usual. All work and sales guaranteed by
CHAS H,O FOX.
No. ii w. Patrick ST., Frederick Md.
Jan. 6-lf
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04
Consumption
Positively Cured.

All sufferers from this disease that arr
anxious to be cured should try DR.. Kiss
ncr's Celebrated Consumptive Powders
These Powders are the only preparation
known that will cure Consumption and al
diseases of the Throat and Lungs-indeed
SO strong is our faith in them, and also te
convince you that they are no humbug
we will forward to every sufferer by mail
post pail, a free TRIAL Box.
We don't want your money until yor
are perfectly satisfied of their curative
powers II your life is worth saving. dom
delay in giving these Powders trial, AZ
they will surely cure you.
Price, for large box, $3. 90, sent TO any
part of the United States or Canada, by
mail, on receipt of price.
Address,
ASH g. ROBBINS,
$50 FULTON STREET BROOKLYN, N. =
Dec. 8 ly.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04
Fits Epilepsy,
OR
Fullin0 Sickness.

Permanently Cured-no humbug-by one
months usage Of Dr. Goulard's Celebrated
lnfalhble FIJI Powders. To convince suf.
fcrers that these powders will do all we
claim for them we will send them by mail
post paid, free Trial box AS DR. Gou
lard is the only physician that has ever
made this disease special study, and as
to our Knowledge thousands lave been
permanently cured by the use of these
Powders. we will guarantee IA permanent
cure in every case, or refund you all money
expended An sufferers shon d give these
Powders an early trial, and be convinced
of their curative powers
Price. for large box, $500, or 4 boxes
for $40 90, sent by mail to any part of the
IInited States or Canada on receipt Ol
price, or by express, G. o. d. Address
ASH e. ROBBINS,
$50 FULTON STREET., BROOKLYN, y. y
Dec ~.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04
Stone Dwelling House,
Y0unq Orchard

of fruit trees IN full bearing on the farm
This farm is situate in Cavetown District
Washington county, on the road leading
from Cavetown to Beaver Creek. about
four miles from Cavetown, and adjons
the lands OF Samuel Rice and Dr.. Smith
and is convenient to churches and mills
This farm is at present occupied by An
drew Stouffer as tenant, and will be sold
subject to his lease. The Landlords share
to the growing crop OF corn and crop OF
clover seed being reserved and excepted
from sale.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04

Mr.. John +. Garretsee describes in the
Empire State Agricultural, an evapo.
rating establishment at Spencerport,
N. Y. in which 1864 bushels Of ap-
Piles, making IS. 1897 pounds Of beauti
full white fruit, we're dried last fall and
winter, and shipped in $1,000 So
pound boxes, by a Buffalo firm, to
Russia. Five ofthese evaporators are
now put up in one building; the aver.
age work Of each will be $50 bushels,
or $50 or 800 bushels a day for all.
and $4,000 to 10000 bushels during
the season. Or the process we have
the following account:
The fruits pared, cored and sliced
at one operation. Two girls work
together in team" one running the
machine and the other trimming the
slices aud putting them on the tray
ready for the evaporation. Each team
prepares from twenty to twenty-five
bushels day, and thirty bushels have
been done by one Of the teams in nine
hours. They receive six cents bush
ell for their work. The evapora tor
consists OF tower sixteen feet high
and FIVE feet square. Under this
tower is not air furnace enclosed ln
a double brick wall. An iron belt or
chain on each side Of the tower runs
over a roller or pully, up on the inside
and down on the outside with stats or
crossbars FIVE inches apart to receive
and hold the trays containing the
'ruit. These trays are made of gal
vanized iron wire, and hold a bushel
each, spread an irch and half thick
There are thirty Of them to each tow
er. When the thermometer indicates
$50 degrees Of heat tray Of fruit is
slid in on the lower Stats and carried
UP by means Of a rope over the pully
FIVE inches. In seven minutes and a
half anoth er tray is slid in, and so on
during the twenty-four hours. When
the first tray put in reaches the top,
in the second story Of the building, it
istaken out and emptied by hand
stationed there for that purpose. Pro.
vision for proper distribution Of the
hot air and to dispose of excess Of
moisture is made by Aanges along the
inside Of the tower. Itlsrun by clock
and thermometer, as two or three
minutes in time, or a few degrees oil
heat, make a great difference in the
quality Of the finished fruit.
The skins. cores, and all apples un'
fit 70, first quality dried fruit, are
evaporated by themselves and ship
ped to Chicago and thence to the
Plains, ranches and mines. and to cold
countries where fruit does not grow,
.o.e ...ic ito ei,c. IN! g;AeyH.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04
Executors Sale J!

By virtue of power of sale contained
in the last will Of David Harbaugh, decd.
and by order of the Orphans Court of
Frederick county, the Undersigned sur.
viving Executor of the last will of David
Harbaugh, decd, will offer ut Public Sale
in front of the Court House, tiagerstown.
Washington county. Maryland, on
Tuesday, August IS. 1881,
at O'Clock II N.
All that pieue or parcel of land situate in
Cavetown District, Washington county,
Maryland. being part of tract Of land
called "Jimmy's Patrimony," containing
1O6 ACRES
of land more or less. And being the same
land conveyed to David Harbaugh. by
Jeremiah Bcsorc. and Ann E. Besore, his
wife, bv deed dated on the first day of
April, 1850, and recorded in Liber l. N.
No. 8. folio Q & 10, one of the Land Rec
ords of Washington county. Except such
part thereof sold and conveyed by the said
David Harbaugh to Peter Hoffman.
The improvements consist of a
Stone Dwelling House,
rough cast, two-stories high, containing
some ten rooms. Large Bank Barn, Wag.
on Shed with corn cribs, hog pens and
all other necessary outbuildings.
RSE1l q 5RAI2~e
is beautifully located, under good post and
rail fencing, with stream OF water running
through the farm, and well of pure wa
ter in the yard near the house, and is di.
vided into eight fields, all in cultivation.
There Is also
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04
AGRICULTURAL.
An Easy Way to Improve
Sells.

0OAAD.
A sandy soil is greatly improved
J mixing clay with it. The clay rem
ders it more rstentive to moisture and
gases, both of which promote the
growth Of plants. Clayey soils are
very greatly benefited by the addi-
ton Of sand. Tho presence Of some
sand in soil chiefly composed of clay
makes it easier to work, whether the
pillow, harrow. cultivator or hoe is en-
ployed. The roller will not CT uah
lump of hard. dry clay, but it will
completely break down one composed
Of mixture Of clay and sand. Ia fact,
large Jumps are not likely to be found
in soils where there is considerable
amount Of sand; neither will hard
crust be formed nor deep cracks open,
Nearly pure sand or clay, is unsuited
to the growth Of valuable plants, but
by combining the two, the foundation
of most excellent soil may be formed.
It is not uncommon for one part of a
farm to abound in clay and another in
sand. When this is the case, an effort
should be made to combine the two,
Sand sften lies on hills and ridges sit.
uated above the deposits Of clay, and
when this occurs the former can be
easily carrid On to the latter by the
use Of the scraper. To carry the clay
to the sand it will be necessary to en-
ploy wagon. Two pieces of land,
one composed Of sand and the other
Of clay, may be so situated that cart
or wagon can be advautageousiy en-
ployed in carrying both. When this
is the case. a load of sand can be taken
to the clay land and a load Of clay
brought back. The condition Of clay
land may be greatly improved by COM
biping with it any substance that will
serve to render aud keep it light.
Cornstalks, sawdust. spent tan bark,
and vegetable rubbish Of any kind
may DO plowed in to excellent advan.
tage. Feat and swamp muck are val
liable to apply to either clay or sand,
and Can generally be cheaply obtain
3D.
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04

HIM n Yourselves by making money
HV1 when golden chance is offered,
llIglIl thereby always keel ing poverty
from your door Those who always take
advantage Of the good chances for making
money that are offered, generally become
wealthy, while those who do moi improve
such chances remain in p3verty. We want
MANY men, women, boys and girls to work
for us right in their own localities. The
business will pay more than ten times or
binary wages. We furnish an expensive
ou,fi. and all that you need, free. NJ one
who engages fails 70 pIake money very
rapidly. You can devote your whole time
10 the work, or only your spare moments.
Full information and all TINT is needed
sen, tree. Address oTINSON & CO,
Dec, 10 ~. Portland, uMnc'
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04

d. Outfit sent free TO those who wish to
M engage in the most pleasant and prof
W. liable business known. Everything
new. Capital not required We will fur
nish you everything $40 day and up
wards is easily made without sta. inga~ay
from no ne over night, No risk whatever.
Many new workers wanted at once Many
are making fortunes at the business La
dies make as much ms men. and young boys
and girls make great pay. No one who is
willing to work fails TO make more money
every day than can be made in week at
any ordinary employment. Those who
engage at once will find short road to
fortune Address II. HALLETT " Co.,
Dec. rs y. Portland, Maine
Catoctin clarion. [volume] (Mechanicstown, Md.) 1871-1940, 1881-08-04
TERMS

of sale prescribed by the Court third
Of the purchase money to be paid cash On
the day Of sale or the ratification thereof
by the Court, the balance in two equal an
nual payments from the day Of sale, the
purchaser or purchasers giving his her or
their notes bearing interest from the day
of sale, with good and sufficient security
to I've approved by the executor for the de-
ierred payments.
Mr. Andrew Stoufier, tenant on the
place, will show
, 1881-02-19
Our Country.


The following article from; an inilul-
tial 81 Louis paper, reflects. credit u;,n
our country, without ru'ting q.
Such representations DO Us good, bccase
parties coming here fnd tltem a, rere-
sented:
I" Oregon is a ) ate, scarcely !ess irer-
es;ing than California. though it doeNot
attract as lsrgs :. share VI public aien-
tinn. The wheat fields of Eastern IRE
gon, Washington aai Northern idah are
described as httIe less marvellous han
those along the line g.: the fortherI p
c;f: IN Dakota This region Was ,nce
given up 70 bunch yras=, but: IL has een
found by experiment that bunch crass
land IS good wheat land. and the ditlict
lying along the Columbia. in Oregon and
Washington Territory, leo ail in
width ami so miles In length, ;eing
larger n extent than the State Of Eenn-
sylranll, IS beng gradually broker into
wheat growing. The sill Is iec!ard to
be fertile beyond the conception of hose
who h.ve not looked upon 1t and sea the
Illustrations OF II y.eitirs c.,pacity-t turn
M "Ut thirty, f"tty, AIM pen seventy
five bushels L. the acre. and ::iiyiIs an
AVERAGE of rairiy Ne bushels Of wheat
per acre with stlll larger Yields nf oat and
barley, year after Year ~ith unfaiilns reg
Glariry-fnr, uul he the wheat If C,lfar
MIA. that "f Oregon never fails. i Stata
with such agricultural resources Is these
with n GENIAL climate, and with seapor,
whose harbnr affords shelter t. vessels
drawing nineteen feet of water, canuo;
but rise 10 wealth AID homer, and It vii
not be many years hefore Oregon viii cou-
ties. with California the Pacific Coast sill.
preElacy.
, 1881-02-19
Something Wrong in Yakima

II. p. Ballard has entered tho 6oi- Oi re-
former and fires of his first gun IN the last
Issue Of the R.co.ri as follows:
In giving these curiosities We shall make
II = rule 70 give page and book OF recosds, so
that our statements can either BE- verified OF
centroverte,l. We shall also glve names o.
officers, amounts, circumstances AMI dates.
And 10 l,-ln with, We state as general
pro,nsltion that within the last twenty seven
months our county has been made poorer by
$500 than IL should be to-day. And If We
do no. prove this during the publication oi
these turIosIties, We agree 10 eiothe eHrsel'
IN sack cloth and ashes and wheel enouSh
dirt into the slough near town 70 MI 1t up.
We expect % shOE that county warrants
have been redeemed out o. their order-that
the current expense fund has been frt:ere'i
away-that IN. county has needleSsiy heen
compelled to pay two prices Tor neceSSaries'
that officers have beea pad thirty cents In-
stead OF fifteeu-that - 10 per LAY have
been paid for boarding and caring for one
rrisoner-that more than S3000 have been
owen away by one stroke Of the pen-and
That services have been paid Tor which were
never rendered. We shall not call haTd
names. nor make any charges Of corruptioni
hut shall simply state facts drawn from the
records, giving copies when necessary When
we have passed over the period OF twenty
seven months as above indicated We shall 90
back TO the organization Of the county, when
!. was Known as Ferguson, anil give rs his
torv. as drawn from the records, with It's
various officers down 20 the present.