The Republican. [volume] (Oakland, Md.) 1877-current, 1881-07-09
Injuries Produced by Heat
Cases of sunstroke become move

mnT0
quent in town and country with each
succeeding summer. Prostitution from
the effects of the heat of the sun Is not
limited to human beings. Durino the
last few seasons cases have been COM
mon among horses and oxen, and even
among mich COWS. There is also a large
increase of sickness and mortality. aside
from sunstroke, that are plainly sttrib-
utable to the effects of the heat of the
sun during the hottest portion Of the
day. Travellers observe that less out-of-
door labor is performed in most other
countries during this period. In all
tropical and neutrality-suspicious. it is as
common to rest for several hours during
the hottest portions of the day as it is at
night. Farm laborers generally sleep
after they have eaten the noon meal.
To make up for the time lost, they COM
mence work earlier in the morning. and
continue later at night. Even in those
countries in Europe where the climate is
nearly similar to ours, and where the
masses of the people are in poorer con-
dition, less labor is performed during
those portions of the day when the heat
is the greatest. The desire for gain is
less, or the people are possessed of a
greater degree of prudence. As con-
sequence of avoidance of the rays of the
sun when they fall directly on the head,
there are very few cases of sunstrOke
and other injuries produced from the
same cause. If men work less hours
during the day, they are able to work
more years during life, and the-Ast is
true of all animals that are trained' to
labor. Custom has much to dOwith the
matter, and the custom set in this coun-
ry is productive of very luxurious re-
suits.
During the past few yeas several ap-
planes have been introduced for the
purpose of affording protection from the
rays of the sun. Among them may be
mentioned canopies that extend over the
seats of moving machines, harvesters,
riding cultivators, sulkyPlows, and hay
rakes drawn by horses; small shades
for the heads of draft snimals; Innings
for hats that will hold considerable
amount of water and sDonges saturated
with water and placed on top OF the
brides of horses. All of these have
been highly beneficial for the purpose
for which they were designed, and their
employment should become more gen.
eral. The condition Of animals in pas
ture could be rendered more comfortable
by providing more shde on farms that
are situated on open prairies. Trees
afford the cheapest shade, and every
pasture should contain sufficient num-
Der to afford ample protection to all the
stock it contains. Bass or linden or
cottonwood trees grow very rapidly and
have large amount of foliage. Elms
makea slower growth, but are long livers
and produce much shade. A cheap pro-
tector against the rays of the sun may
be made by erecting an open frame of
light materials and covering it with
hardy vines. The American ivy and
wild grape-vines are admirable for the
purpose. The branches of trees and the
foliage of vines not only protect the
stock from the rays of the sun, but they
render the ground beneath them cool.
Cattle and sheep that have no protec-
ton from the sun during the hot weather
of July and August often suffer greatly
and fall off in condition.
Hogs generally gain very little during
the summer, on account of the neglect
on the part of their owners to provide
for their comfort. In some cases their
skin cracks open by the influence of the
direct rays of the sun, and sores are
formed which are infested by insects.
The large amount of fat contained in the
body of the hog renders it impatient of
heat, and means should be provided for
rendering the animal as cool as possible.
The pastures in which hogs are kept
should be well supplied with water, not
only for drinking but for cooling pur.
poses. If there are no natural streams
or ponds, there should be pools made in
which they can wallow when they desire.
They should have plenty of grass and
other green food, as well as sour milk
and Stops. Corn and other heating ar
ticles of food should be fed sparingly.
Cooling shade is essential to the comfort
and well-being of hogs during the hot
days OF summer. Farmers who have the
advantage of groves and forests located
on the banks of streams and rivers, or
on the shores of lakes, generally have
little trouble with hogs during the sum.
mer. The ground protected by the trees
and bushes remains cool and moist even
when that exposed to the rays of the sun
is parched and hot. The streams and
ponds afford water for drink and bath
ing. The hog is clearly animal when
it is allowed a fair chance. If hog
pasture contains no natural shade and
water, they should be provided. Water
can be conducted through pipes from
springs and wells at small expense,
and made to supply pools and watering
troughs. Shade can be afforded by
planting trees or erecting sheds covered
by straw or running vines.-C Chicago
Times.
porn tho Hans of noJ4,