davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1881-07-07
Total sec'n1 ....... ........- ...
aunrtGr..$ 3 A6GG, 1i8,96l 1,8tn, ,00G,F47 9d.4
ToAQ half
yeAr...+, 7,0l0, t}H33, ,UN G,E}l Q9.[GQ l6.H

Ills HLU%EIIEIl IIUEltH IIU CUIlIl[IC1IE. IUT It
gives In u few words thu history ut
THE woNDEnruL EXPANSION or BUSINESS.
Lust year commerce was y On n down grale"
until July, MD exchanges .wero smaller out
side thls city t,l tho, second than In tie irst
quarter. Tltls year a great increase appears
here aud elsuwlleie. md the highest nggrc-
gates evor known aro recorded. The usual
detailed statement of exellnngo ut each city
for tho month alnl half-year, with propor-
t!o1!s ot !EcroaSt or uecreAse III comparison
with si1Ml! !ar retllrns for 1SS0 shows low far
each. clty llas shared In tho marvellous 0u-
ward march Of commerce:
, 1881-07-07
FEVER AND AGUE.

FEVER AND AGuE cured for 10 cls. Thora
il not 4 rcmodla! agent In this world that viii
Di'ious. scarlot, ,TyEho!1, Eh Yellow Fl I, and othet
US HADWAY'S READY RELIEF.
1t will In 4 few innmenia* when tnkcn accord
ing To tho directions cure Cramps, 8pasms, B0ttE
Btumncb, Heartburn, Slick ticalachc, Dlurrhe,s,
Dysontery. Collie, Wind In tho Dowcls, and atllns
Irisyclcrs should always oarry bottle Of Rad
WAy'B Ready ltollof With thenlt A fow drops In
wAtcr will prevent sickness Or pains fr0tu
chnnF0 Of snter. 1t is bertcr than French
brandy or Hittors rs a stl1nuiant.
stancss and Lumbermon should always bo pro.
yld9l With It.
CAUTION.
All remedial agents capable Of destroying Tito
by m overdose should be avoided. MorpAlnu,
opium. stryohHtne. ar1fca, hyosola1nuB, nuu 0th-
or powerful remedies, do ut certain tQtngs, ID
worry amall docs, releyo tho patient during thotr
action in the systoln. But perhaps the. second
dose, Il repeated. ltnay AKgfnvato and Increase
tho suffering. md another dose cause dcnttl.
Tnern Is no ilocesstty for usng these uncertain
agonts when poatly0 remedy like Radwnys
Neady Relief will stop tho most excfuolAtlnG
pain quicker, without entatllug tho loast dill
Guilty In either Infant or adutt, 81.
THE: TRUE RELIEF. ..-....
RADwAv's HEApy ligLIkE Is tho only remedial
agent In vogue that vii! instantly stop palu.;,
bTffH Cesals Per Itaft{e. ,':.s $50
, 1881-07-07
NEW YORK.

Business Has Closed It's Largest
Year, It's Largest Half
Year,
It's Largest Quarter Outside Of. New
York, and Its Largest
Month,
4 Very Encouraging Showing Of
tile Business Of tho
Country.
The Usual Expressions Of
Opinion by Leading Wall
Street Brokers.
Humanity sweltering Under the
Visitation Of the Heated :
IefHs
a Savage and Brutal Assault Of
Ono Vessel Captain Upon
Another.
The Warm Temperature Makes the
Bulls Pant and the Bears
Yawn.
A Young Girl Leaves Her Chflf with
tho Mothor of Its Alleged
Fnthor.
q
Buioido by self-Imposed starVation-sir
Edward Misunderstanding In
crease in the Death-Rate.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
California and oregon Railroad.

Reference has already been made to the
prospect of the early completion of the Cali
fornia and Oregon Railroad. This line ex.
tends now to Reddiug, distance OF 1876
miles. Its present terminus is at the head of
the Sacramento valley, lying on the west side
of the Sacramento river. Its line is located
through the rich and populous district en-
braeed within the counties of Tehama, Butte,
Yuba, Sutter, and the agricultural portion of
Placer county. The extension of the
line to Roseburg in Oregon will COM
plete the connection of the California
system of railroads with that of Oregon
and Washington Territory. By this line the
fertile and productive regions Of the Will
annette, Columbia and Puget Sound will
be placed In communication with this city.
The line will be successful competitor with
the ocean for the carrying trade of the re-
gion traversed by it, and will be the channel
of large commerce. While this commerce
was carried on by way of the mouth of the
Columbia and the Golden Gate, Sacramento
could hope to enjoy but limited share.
With the completion of connecting line of
railroads Sacramento will be able to offer
superior inducements to the trade of Oregon
and Washington. For all trade developed by
that line and carried by it, Sacramento will
sustain primary relation.
The route Of carriage from this point vii
be cheaper and shorter.
Orders for renewals of stock can be filled
in less time.
The freight from San Francisco to this city
can be saved.
Ia short, the inland commerce with that
section developed by the railroad must have
its chief seat here by the force of all the
reasons which grow out of superior facilities
of communication. The relations of Sacra-
mento and San Francisco. so faras applicable
to inland commerce, will then be reversed.
That Sacramento will become the base of
supplies for the section under consideration is
amply proved by the fact that we now enjoy
large and profitable wholesale trade with
Idaho, Colorado, Montana and Arizona-a
trade developed by and dependent upon rail-
road communication.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
The Population of Cities.

Owing to the prevalence of a general and
popular opinion, leading to the conclusion
that the principal seaport of this State would
be and remain the one overshadowing me-
tropolis, the growth of Sacramento and her
trade, while steady in their progress, have
not been subject to periods of spas-
modic imitation nor discouraged BY the
failure Of extra hazardous enterprise.
The manufactures and commerce Of Sacra.
mento are the result of legitimate demand.
For this reason: The trade of this city has
suffered no depression, and the growth of it's
population has experienced no check. By
the returns of the census just taken, the popu-
lation of the city shows an increase over the
census of 1870 of over 5000, being gain of 30
per cent. in ten years. The present popula-
ton of q, 900 bears the ordinary relation OF
proportion to its supporting popula-
tion. The growth of the interior
will continue to be reflected in the
growth Of this city. For many years the city
of San Francisco drs med all other parts of
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01

the inducement and support of a large popu-
lation, namely: breadth of area of cultivable
lands and sufficient annual rainfall to produce
a crop. Whatever may be the value of irri-
cation, when developed, to other sections of
this State, it is certain that the sections re-
quiring neither irrigation nor reclamation will
first be occupied and cultivated. For many
years to come the great body of the popnla-
tion of California will occupy the territorial
area Of which Sacramento is the trade center.
The section alluded to embraces 20, 600 square
miles, an area over three times that embraced
within the State of Massachusetts, and equal
to ne.half of the State of Ohio. It is capa-
BILE of supporting population of more dem
sity than that of Ohio or Illinois Upon an
equal area to that under consideration in the
agricultural States of the West will be found
population of from one and a half to two
millions of people. At no distant time in the
future the territory of Northern and Cen
trail California will hold population of equal
density with the older settled portions of our
country. By virtue of her location Sacra-
mento. will remain in future what she has
been, and continue to be the trade center for
the region destined to be by far the most
populous west Of the Rocky mountains.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
entire year of 1880 the shipments by rail of
freight originating at Sacramento averaged
40 full freight cars for each day in the year.
The Snnfharn panific Railroad

The completion of the Southern Pacific
Railroad to its objective terminus at New
Orleans-an event now distant in the future
only few months-will place California in
communication with an Atlantic seaport by
shortest and cheapest possible route across the
the continent. Following that completion. it
is now the intention of the builders of that
line to complete the connection of the Cali
fornia system with that Of Oregon and Wash
ington Territory, by building the short con-
Meeting link between Redding, in California,
and Roseburg, in Oregon. This will give
continuous line of railroad from Puget
Sound to the principal port on the Gulf of
Mexico, through the heart of productive re-
gion, and as triumph of railroad building
enterprise will be second to no other under
taking of like character on this continent.
The important influence and bearing the
completion of this line will have upon the
inland commerce and material interests of the
great commonwealth of States and Territories
lying west of the Rocky Mountains, eannot be
overestimated, and deserves thoughtful pre-
sentation here. Its bearings upon the future
trade of Sacramento should also receive cam
did consideration. California, Oregon and
Nevada have hitherto depended upon the
route by way of Cape Horn as the CONNER
cial line of export for their products. The
voyage these products must now make to
reach their market is the longest made for
commercial purposes on the chart of the
world. The disadvantages at which our pro-
ducts have been placed by reason of this fact
are numerous and obvious. Chief among
these may be noted the influence of the high
freight standing charged against cur products
in their final market. This cause has oper-
ated to admit our products only when the
surplus from nearer ports fell short of supply
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01

of this coast, both as to export and import
tonnage, than any other practicable route.
To the extent that the inland commerce of
this coast can be done over these lines, the
importance of ocean transportation via Cape
Horn will decline. The commerce carried
on between the people Of the Atlantic and
Pacific seaboards will not double the Cape if
equal facilities can be offered by more direct
lines To whatever extent the export or i'm
port commerce of this coast is carried by
transcontinental lines of railroad, to that ex-
tent Sacramento, as trade center, is put
upon equal footing with the chief seaport of
the Pacific. Sacramento, enjoying termi-
nal rates, and located at the very heart
of the railroad system of the coast, is the prac-
teal terminus of the Southern Pacific and
is in position to reap her full share of the
benefits all railroad competition offers to the
ocean route by Cape Horn, for the trade and
commerce of this coast. The completion of
the Southern Pacific Railroad will greatly
enhance the profit and thereby stimulate the
production of all the staple products Of this
State. The great interior valleys are on the
threshold Of the highest state Of prosperity
they have ever known. In confirmation of
this opinion we take the liberty of quoting
from the annual opening address of Hon. H
NJ. Larue, President bf the State Board
of Agriculture. delivered at the Pavilion, az
Sacramento. September 21st, 1880, at the
formal opening OF the late State Fair Gfr.
Larue said:
"The close identity Between the interests
Of production and transportation justifes
some reference to The approaching compile
ton of the Southern Parifc Railroad. I
have already alluded to the problem of trans
pofsation as q leading factor in the profitable
production of our staples. The completion
OF the Southern Pacific Railroad will have an
important bearing upon all the leading indus
tries OF this State. When the Great
wheat growing valleys OF California s.e
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
What VIII be Proven.

The considerations and statistical facts
presented in the report to follow will, we are
confident, justify and establish in the opin-
ion of all fair minds the following specific
conclusions
Nrst-Sacramento is the natural collecting
and distributing point for the inland COM
merce of the Pacific coast.
Second-It is the pivotal center of the
railroad system of the Pacific States and Ter
ritories
Third-It is the cheapest and most conve-
nient point of commercial exchange for ex-
port or import commercial transactions.
Fourth-The completion of the Southern
Pacific Railroad to an Atlantic port will es-
tablish channel of export and import COM
merce in successful competition with the
ocean voyage by Cape Horn, of which Sacra-
nento will be the base.
Fifth-The development of an overland
and railroad commerce in the States and Ter
ritories of the Pacific will eliminate ocean
transportation as controlling factor in the
growth of cities, and establish the great lead
IDg markets OF V1ab cOmInerce at railroad
centers rather than at seaport towns.
Sixth-The growth of travel and popula-
ton in Sacramento will keep pace with the
growth of the interior.
Seventh-That the completion of the
quicker and cheaper routs of transportation
by rail to Gulf port will greatly enhance
the prosperity of our people, and stimulate
our growth in wealth and population.
Eighth-That the cost of transacting busi-
ness. in the important elements of rent, insur-
ance and wages, is less at Sacramento than
any other leading point.
Ninth-That the trade of Sacramento is
now permanently established, and is founded
in enduring advantages which viii constantly
augment its volume.
Tenth-That as seat of manufactures
Sacramento possesses advantages enjoyed BY
no other city in the State.
EIeventh-That as point of distribution
tbe trade of Sacramento win always possess
tbe valuable consideration cf cheapness of
freights aud advantage of time. which inures
IN tbs benefit of the purchaser and consurSS;u1
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
RAILROAD CONNECTIONS OF SACRAMENTO.

ing the demand. This high cost of trans
portation has also been deducted from the
profit of our producing classes. The second
leading consideration against US was that of
time. An average passage of 100 days is far
too long for profitable shipment of annual
products. The recurrence of annual harvest
and crop periods disturbs and unsettles the
market for products carried over a line of
transportation requiring over one-third
of year from the hands of the
producer to market. The csmple-
tion of the Southern Pacific Railroad
will change all this. By that line the wheat,
wine, wool and other crops of the Pacific
States will be delivered at an Atlantic port
in from ten to fifteen days. 1t is within the
bounds of every reasonable probability that
the average time occupied in conveying
wheat from stations in all the Sacramento
and San Joaquin valleys to Liverpool will
not exceed thirty days This valuable con-
sideration of time is reinforced by the fact
that the harvest time in California is one
month earlier in the year than in any other
section of the wheat growing belt Of the
world, and the further very important con-
sideration that by that route grain may be
shipped in bulk, thus dispensing with the cost
OF sacks. Thus the important change to be
wrought is nothing less than complete reyo-
luton in our favor in the important element
of tine. Instead of being last il the worlds
great grain market, the rapid transit and
early harvest combined will place the wheat
of California first as to time, as it always
has been first as to quality. By this change
we will be master instead of subject to the
market.
In view Of these considerations, it is within
reasonable estimate to predict an export ton
mage over the Southern Pacific Railroad of
one million tons per annum of grain alone.
n1Nerse export trade by any line in
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01

varlaply develops supplementary I'M
port tonnage over the same line. A
transportation capacity equal to the de-
mands of the export commerce of this coast
by the cheaper and shorter route to the
Gulf of Mexico, gives corresponding trans
portation capacity for incoming tonnage.
This will be utilized, the entire situation
pointing plainly to low rates as inducements.
The Southern Pacific Railroad will obviously
be the great highway of the export and i'm.
port commerce of the entire Pacific coast.
Its line lies through the heart of the most
productive regions of Washington, Oregon
and California. Its point of intersection
with the transcontinental line of the Central
Pacific will be at Sacramento. The great
system of railroads. of which Sacramento is
now the center, will collect at this point the
products OF the central regions of California,
Nevada. Oregon and Washington, and by
virtue of its location, Sacramento will be the
first and most important distributing point
in that system. The continental road now in
operation proved formidable competitor
with the ocean line of transportation by Cape
Horn. For all commodities shipped from
the East by rail, Sacramento has, from the
first, enjoyed equal advantages with San
Francisco as wholesale market. The arti-
cles of Western manufacture could be i'm
ported by rail and sold in this market on
terms equally favorable to the purchaser with
those obtajnabe in San Francisco. To pur.
chasers in Northern and Central Californis,
Nevada, Idaho and Montana, an important
advantage accrued by reason of the lower
freight from Sacramento-by reason of
the shorter distance-than from San
Francisco. The completion of other
transcontinental lines will offer still stronger
competition with CAPE Horn. The Southern
Pacific Railroad becoming, as it will, the
channel of export of the gross products of
this coast, will be a far more formidable COM
petitor with the ocean for the carrying trade
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
Commercial Statistics.

To further illustrate the Importance of
Sacramento as distributing point, the fol-
lowing statistics Of shipments are presented.
1t will be seen that shipments to Sacramento
by rail are not given, the facts under that
head being inaccessible. 1t will also be
noted that the freight statement by steamers
covers a period of only ten months. The
large tonnage carried by sailing vessels could
not be ascertained with accuracy.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
Central Pacific Railroad.

It is not herein assumed that the commerce
carried by the Central Pacific Railroad viii
be diminished in volume or importance. The
Southern route viii, as line Of communica-
ton. create its own carrying-trade. 1t viii
develop tonnage not heretofore carried by
rail, either as export or import. The Central
route will lstill remain continental t.unk line,
connecting the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards
through the heart Of the most wealthy and
populous regions of the United States. 1t
viii intersect the Southern route at Sacra-
mento-a fact already noted. aad one which
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01

brings into view the advantages of Sacra-
mento's position in the railroad system. For
both freight and passage, the Central will
still possess the important advantage of
quicker communication. All the benefits
heretofore derived from our advantageous
position with reference to that line will con-
tinue undiminished. By that line and its
branches our trade, with Montana, Utah, Colo
rado Idaho and Nevada, will continue. The
construction of all overland lines, as already
shown, tends to the establishment of an over
land commerce in competition with Cape
Horn, and hastens the development of the
resources of the interior, and it is through
that development the future of Sacramento is
assured.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
DUN RECORD-USIoN sERHEs.
VOLUME XHI-NUMBER II4.

the coast of their wealth and population.
This tendency has heen entirely arrested.
The reasons are obvious, and a brief consider
alton of them here significant. In the growth
of cities an adjustment of the balance between
a metropolitan population and its supporting
population will sooner or later be reached.
We have been able to find no instance in the
older settled parts of the country where
the proportion of metropolitan popula-
ton to the whole population support
ing such metropolis exceeds ten per cent.
The populous cities of Cincinnati and st.
Louis have but per cent, Chicago IL per
cent, Philadelphia and Baltimore per cent.
The great metropolis of this nation, the city
of New York, even when combined tn
Brooklyn, has less than per cent, viii 10
combined populations of New York, Bo. 4.
Chicago, Philadelphia, st. Louis. etc., ae..
gate but 10 per cent. of the whole population
supporting them as centers of commercial
transaction. The cities of San Fran
cisco and Oakland contain nearly 3S
per cent, an abnormal propoltion
due to causes now rapidly passing
away. The arrest of the now past tendency
of these cities to absorb the capital and pop
ulation of the interior is due to the operation
OF those commercial forces which eventually
adjust the balance of metropolitan and sup
portive populations to their normal propor-
tions. A further cogent reason will be found
In the development Of an inland and oysss-
land commerce, in the transaction of JRhich
ocean transportation is not a controlling
factor.
The foregoing presents the general tonaid-
erations which justify some of the conclusions
set forth at the opening of this reportl The
following is detailed description of tie city.
its government. public buildings, etc, with q
careful ANALYSIS of its trade for 1881 :.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01
Total of converging and tributary lines. =.

Total of converging and tributary lines. 1892
With all the sections Of country traversed
by these 1922 miles of railroad, to which
must be added our 800 miles of river and bay
navigation, Sacramento already enjoys
large trade.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1881-01-01

SHIPMENTS BY c. P. r. R. STEAMERS.
Statement showing the freight shipped to
and from Sacramento for the ten months end
ing October 81, 1880: