Iron County register. [volume] (Ironton, Iron County, Mo.) 1867-1965, 1881-07-14
Civil Govern ufeIit4
BY THOMAS CALLAHAN.

one Government, The UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA. The powers of this Gov-
ernment are put forth through two
classes of agencIes,-the General Gov
ernment and the States. In the. former
all the States act together in all mat
ters which equally concern all the
States. and in regard to these matters
sovereignty vests in the General Gov
ernment.
In the State Governments each State
acts by itself in all matters which be-
long to that State alone, and it poss'e sses
sovereignty and jurisdiction over all its
private affairs.
For the sake of greater mpiicity
and efficiency, the powers vested in
the General Government have been
arranged in five great classes. ca ach
class having its representative in the
Presidents Cabinet or Council.
There is the treaty power, which fix
es our place and protects our rights in
the family of nations. taking charge of
our relations to foreign powers. This
is represented by the Secretary of st ate.
Then comes the money power, N an
aging the financial affairs, and rel 're-
sented by the Secretary of the Treasu ~.
Then comes the war power, intend ed
to maintain the authority aud prOte ct
the rights of the nation in tho last re-
sort. This is represented Jointly by ths.
Secretaries of War and the Navy.
Then comes the postal power, regu-
lating the correspondence of the hation
at home and abroad, and represented
by the Postmaster G eneral.
| Next follows the internal adminis-
tration power, having charge of the
internal interests of the nation, which
equally concern all the States, such as
the care of our public lands, the custO-
dy of the Indians, and national provis-
ion for popular education. This is rep
resented by the Secretary of the Ints-
rior.
The Attorney-General is the legal
adviser of the President In all matters
of civil law, and there is in in his office
a Department of Military Justice, the
Chief of which is the legal adviser of
the President in military and maratine
! law.
All of these officers are directly agents
or assistants of the President. They
are appointed by him by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate. They
} report to him. or through him to Con-
gress.
J The power of the President to ap-
point by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate, not only includes
these heads of Departments, but n
, long list Of subordinates under every
one Of them.
The power of removal at the will of
, the President, is to-day the question OF
f our politics.
From these facts it will appear that
no State can make treaty of any kind
with either foreign power or neigh
boring State. No State can make
either war upon, or peace with, either
foreign power or a neighboring State
No State has power to coin money, on
to fix the value of foreign or domestic
: coins, or levy tariff Oh importations
No State has power to establish a post
I offic. or fix mail routes, or print post
e age stamps, or govern the correspond
+, ence of its people in any way. Nc
State can control the Indians, or make
war Or peace with them; they are thu
L wards of the nation. No State car
| 81, l,n
to the States, and no State can per yer
from the support of education the six
l. teenth section.
s The Constitutions of the various
e States are based upon and limited b.
the Constitution Of the United States
), so as to make the States the agents o
the General Government.
=, In this capacity they have control o
the following classes Of subjects:
1st. The acquisition, enjoyment AM
:, transmission of all the real and person
n al property within the State.
It I'd. The creation of corporations ant
defining their boundaries and pow
e ers.
r OF. IIeSCliDliiS LhS HNhihN'1io'o
# its public officers and the mode of thei
election.
4th. Organizing the militia for tn
defense of the State against domesti
insurrection.
B. 5th. Regulating the assessment an
g collection Of taxes.
9th. Providing for the public instrut
It tion of the children in the State.
'e 9Th. The establishment and regula
e sion of public highways, bridges and fe
le ries.
sth. Providing for she support of th
b. poor, sntl the employ Inent Of beggal
e., and vagrants.
- 9th Regulating the navigation I
,g rivers within the State.
i. 10th. Prescribing the manner of cr'