Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1881-01-15
FRENCH SCHOOL.HOUSES.
Rnles ON Building School House,
Just Prepared by u Com an tssiOn
1Or the French Minister Of Educa-
tlOn.
lAnlerican Architect !

for the French Minister ~ Of Of y E ;.s,9e
ton.
lAmerioan Architect
The site for school house ought to he ca,
tidt. airy, easy or access. removed from every
noisy. unhealthy, or dangerous establishment
a1a al least 100 yards distant from existinr
cemeteries II the soil Is not quite free fron,
moisture, 1t should be drained The area m
ground needed tor school house sho,,ld he
Tech0htd at il square yards per scholar. and in
10 case should IL be less than $50 square yacis
Ia towns where the same building Is used n,
town nall aud schoo! house. the rooms nau9t ,a
entirely separated from one another. and the
scaCoi rooms must be Oh The ground floor. The
81, ~. ICoLs ana the covered play ground, con-
nected one with the other, should De free on at
least tHO opposite sides. so as to receive the
UTMOST ilght and air. This arrangement, favor
able 10 healthineSS, has moreover the adyan-
tage OF facilitating the surveillance of the puDi a
Inc ground floor must be raised Two feet above
the grouDd. The ground must be so grad d
,Lat falnWater viii flow away from the build
Ing. IL IL is hot possible TO have a cellar under
the ounolDg, Their must be at least air Spaces
In every group OF scnool buildings, the BOYS
schOoi, the girls school and the primary school
Must De distinct, one fIOn the other; but the
primary SCHOOL Eust hot be placed between the
ether two. A schoOl-houSe should never c1n
tam more than $50 pupils, divided as folio vs.:
s uUSa anu girlS schools, 300 each; primary
The maximum number of scholars In school
houses or one room must hot exceed 80: where
there are several rooms, the Number must noJ
exceed 40. The floor area should be so cal,JI
iaIed as TO allow for each pupil between l s and
l., square yards. AID the capacity of each
school room Shall be such as to allow each
pupil minimum OF five cubic yards The rooms
must be rectangular in shape. Lighting from
one side only, must be adopted every ume the
following conditions obtain
i. Possibility OF obtaining sufficient light.
PROPER Proportion between the hight Of the
widows and the width Of the room.
openings. teet 6 inches oy feet inches,
IN the wall opposite the windows, closed by
shutters, which may be used for airing the
room, and for the Introduction OF sunlight dur.
ing the absence OF scholars.
when the light comes from one side only that
side must be the one al the left of the Dupis.
Wnen the foregoing conditions cannot be real
ho I deeour s, must nus BE- had to lighting rom
from the lett. Windows must never be cut In
The wall which faces the masters table. and
sui less Is That which fronts the scholars.
d d.lsnsiDg ron tne ceiling Is forbidden. Win
doWs must De rectangular. In case the room
= Ish,eu from one side only, the window. mead
must De al hight equal to two-thrds the
Hldtn OF tne room Ia auy case, the under side
VI Tue WINDOW Intel must be on level with
Iht ceiling. The window sill must be cut with
= 5 ope On the inside and on the outside and
M thuss oe at least three feet eight inches tom
the moor. Whether the rooms are lighted from
one SIDE or from several sides, by a Single win
dow or by many, the dimensions OF these open
ingS must always be Calculated so That they
Miii aulnit llgnt 10 all the desks. The muIlloas
separating the windows must De as narrow as
pt ssiDIe: inc windows must ba divided into
we parts. The lower part, the hight OF which
must be equal TO three ffths OF the whole
AiSht must De easement window and the
ui,psr part transom lights opening inward.
- me least night Ior room must be Is feet.
II TIE light comes from one side only the hiyhf
OF the room must De equal to at least two
thirds OF its Width Plus the thickness of the
wal In which the windows are placed the
ceiling must be OF plaster, level and uniform
On IL must be traced a line indicating the C1rec
tlon OF the north pole. There must be no cor.
nlcss around the top OF the wall TIE angles
hV hn inv ff~-
Moor and ceiling must be replaced by cOncave
surfaces. All the walls OF the school rooms
mGst De covered with some substance hlch
VIII TGIm an even, smooth surrace-siu;(;o or
plaster Oil painted. The BEST color for the wall
is the gray tint OF fax. Up to the night of four
Ieet rom the floor. In default of wood work,
Cement.
In mixed schools the boys must 10 longer be
separated from the girls by partition, but they
must be grouped In different parts OF the same
room; the boys, for instance, nearest the mas
ter, and the girls behind them; a space feet 6
inches separating them.
ditiOns: WIZ
TIE heating surface must be proportional to
the space I'd DE warmed, so that the average
temperature OF the room shall range betHrean
oZo AID 6lo Each room must be provided with
d thermometer placed al suitable distance
from The stove. There must be stove ror eaca
room, OF enc stove may serve for two adjoining
rooms. The stove must draw from the outside
ice air needed to support combustion and insure
proper ventilation. II must have water vessel
with sufficient evaporating surface. 1t must
have double envelope OF metal or terra-cOtta.
II must be surrounded by an iron grating. It
must rave heither oven nor plate-warmer Il IS
eXIrtaSiy 1Crbil.Aen TO carry the Smoke pipe
otI4uely above the pupils heads. There must
re d space or four feet between the stove and
the pupils. When ianitor has the care OF the
stoves, tEeir feed doors must open into the
paSsageHay. Stoves OF cast-iron, IL which the
IRE acts directly On the Iron, must not be USED.
I re SMOKEY PIPE must DC so arranged as ID neiD
tie yentiiaIion.
& space &c least feet Inches VIDE must be
lett between the front ROY OF desks and the
vail, so as 10 male place for the masters desk.
The desks must never be les S than two feet from
tie wall. The longitudinal passages between
lhe desks must be az least - inches wide A
space -. ct least four INCHES must be left be-