, 1881-11-21
TRANSPORTATION.

TRANSFORMATIONS.
aosEl'It S1s.Mu III. on THE REGULATING
INFLUENCE or THE WATER LINES.
aotttdt Dlsnateh 10 The Chicago Tribune.
, WNsrlS0ToS. D. c.. Nov. s0-Tha lateat con.
tribution ot Mr. Joseph Nlmru0 1r., Chief OF tho
Duroau Of Statistics. to thu subject Of tranapor-
tatlon Is embraced IN document just given out
l.y tho tIuroau Ut Statistics, designed to show
tho influences uf commercial forces And Ut watcr
lncs towards regulating rlil rates, with special
re[erohce TO tho results of competition butween
TRANSPORTATION Til tho Mississippi Kiyer and IN
tho caat.nn,l- wost trink lines extending fruln
st. Louis to tho AtInntc soaboartl, tho whoIo
constituting n part Of Mr. Ni,umo's report On
the internal commerce OF tho United statcs.
The first general sllylslnn af tho subject relates
to tho competition between wntor lines and rail-
roat'a and the competition Ut commercial forces,
md attention Is first called to tho regulating iti
tluence of tho watcr lines OF tho Quilted atatca
and Its limitations. Tho cDsi Of
Watch TRANSPORTATION
being usually much loss than by ra, compet-
lion mist exert n regulating influence On tho
latter, varying, however, greatly in degree. On
certain ctasscs Of freighta It ts rcat governing
force. OIL uthar Is Of sery ittlo moment, and on
uthnrs ts utmost tnapprcolablc. This regulating
inuanco Is limited. t!rst, by the comparatively
small extent 0f jutornnl wRtcr transportation In
this country, aud incidentally to tito nbscmco OF
my connection betwcgH tho northern water
routes and the Mississippi; second, by the fact
that water transportation falls II meet many
Important commercial requirements oi tho pres-
ent requirements having thelt origin
In tho facilities for transportation AFFORD.
ed BY tho railroads; and, third, by tho
fnot that 1t Is imperative with respect
to tho fnturn4l c0inmerce uF tho country mainly
through tho Rrrnt tnterlor markets, nptnbly
Chicago, Milwaukee, st. Louis. rcosta, TOLEDO,
H1t$ f1tt.In AsGnt fxAky 81,
&act thut tho movements OF cotumrrco are d.
rectad by tho traIe. rnther thun by tho truna-
purtatior, torces Of the country. In the TRIMS
ppriatton Of tho
SURPLUS PRODUCTS or THE WEST
and Northwest to THO scaoard and abroad the
regulating influence Ut tho Mississippi Ia rem
dcrcd eNuct!ve manly through tho mnrkets Ut
st. Loua, whtls the regulating influence of the
Northern waler-soute Is rendered effective
mainly through tho markets Of Chicago aud Mf!-
watikec, and. 10 Il considerable extent, through
those Of Duluth. Detroit, md Totcdu. Thu rcn.
eon why tho river ratns Ut tito thirteen different
brldRo po!nls, for tnstunce, On tho Mississippi
between ST. Louis ali4 st. f'aul, cxert1lo tnarkcd
Inlnelsce over rail rates Is. that at very few of
thosu points ~ tbere for Western products tho
comtrnnR y iyt!uenco ~ Of Mnrket-1,. body ot
aotunlly employed % tra.Ic or Invested III ware
nuuees. w. ~ tao s.!tuMus tnnIe, u. IitrIsat M
suusr' ate M Ky ts'nninrt ~ ine INeIs nnt - tno
Exts1,t G.e ~ WHEN tao sVer towMs ass !oeni ha!
kgam IVs ILL., ~ ~ euIpus psnuucts VI soo
tFans' 's'lss'ss'pp' etu1cs' 1ua river peco'aes
TllIllUTA1tI To TIE lsAIt.HoADs.,
It ia only Mt CnicHgu, Milwaukee, d fcY Other
like purfa, anfbnt IL, itl,s. thnt Iircnt ron,1e-
tttO1 nrrscniH itself ia ti1f, extunt AZ ryerfjr,r
potential regiI!atts1y influence over rnll rates.
" inc totMa EASTERN aud saNthartl movement or
grain lGr lsA Ll,ntlht1,lK 10 4o1u1osu0l p0shhls.
hlN'tlt 'su,vnHn pi'saess oT ~ pr cHht. WIN
'narketGt V Mhwa,tkcc. Ch!on1,', l1u!nth. y.
l,Ous' lnorla. Iolad9. nnd Detroit. Whlle only
Ahou! eV.unNu ollanels Meee snlrpeu tlafeet fr'm
tne MGst ann Snrthweat y inc se4boari "
a7lh!1CG puahe!s received ~ 81. Louis, ~
ntshtla, 0r y per cent. came ny Fail. anu only
!s1thsEt, Hf ~ per cont, by ritef. Ut tha lb5,.
sh5,Il0 bllRh0a received III GhseaKU, 10y, lD,!A
blahea. Or ~ per cent. caHle W tall. anu U I2hs
Jsl or only per ceut. ny iakU and eannl. Alou
VI per cent Or the Rrntli. u nf tue pr1vtalnns.
aud nf tho enftlo which renchGt Chlclgn
afurinH f5SG s7ere a1tuHtty marketed ttbEo; and
Of tin shipment Ut thNsg commodities Ir0tA Chi.
eAEO u per tent Hf tho tl0ur ani grain, 1nly 10
pGr Gont vi thu provisions, ind NOM OF tho live
atouk werU shlppGd by hike. About Rl per cent
Ut the Hr,,En. Wa Of tue provisions, and all tho
liyu stick arriving at 1T, Louis wero RrtuAjy
marketed there: und OF tue out, shipments, ~
!Gr eunt " tSn =. HuvI ~ ~, a1io Hra 20 ~ !no pFu
o."o' "o'"'' a!'1ost
THE ENTIRE WORK