New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1881-08-28

cigars The girl aforesaid and little brother had
already begun to pull tobacco from the stemmy
dry weed, and its dust settled upon the cooking
and made us strangers cough. From room to room
from floor to floor the close air of recent sleep
and the sights of tobacco-makng mingled like
disease and simeon wrestling together.
81 thought l knew New-York City, Mary Ann,
but this is sight. even to me-"
PUFF AND SMALLPOX.
"There are $4,000 cigar-makers in New-York"
related my belle seur; "probably $4,000 of them
work at home like this, and the frghtful example
is growing by municipal neglect and the Govern
ment's own leniency. No city but New-York is
allowed by the Internal Revenue authorities to
designate these dormitories as factories. 1t has
crept IN here through the sinister political influence
OF the landlords who profit by it and who at
once the employers and the landlords of these
ignorant occupants. They obtain rent free the
place of manufacture, and make q profit upon
renting it ont. The rent they are sure of, by
reserving it from the wages Of labor and generally
they keep tho grocery and bread shop nearest the
spot to keep these laborers further their debt.
The employers are generally of long oppressed
races cultivated only up to higher point of greed
and remorselessness. Yet they ncite their tenants
against being removed to well appointed factories
on the ground that it would divide the family
during the day. AS if sleep would not be sweet
to the family by the daily airing of the beds, and
floors and manufactured by prouery paid labor,
instead of by married helots and their untaught
broodw
Is there not even more waste in tenement fac
tories than in well-appointed factories"
"Of course" said Maryantha, "overrcaching
always reaches over its own advantage. The
smuggling in these tenement houses is regular and
large. By diminishing the weight of the tobacco
in a cigar the operative learns to get thousand
cigars instead of seven hundred the three hundred
he puts sale himself by means of the milllman
who comes in before daylight, the vinegar man.
who for some mysterious purpose comes very often,
and the wen sausage man who is next to unintor-
mittent. They eat in these tenements little but
cheese and sausage and drink only Supplying beer.
Therefore, in the vicinity of these tcnements cigars
arc cheap, you bet In spite of his smartness the
rapacous landlord commonly fails in few years.
Yet these tenement factories extending far up
in the city. vast is in Seventy fourth-st.
Relics of despotism, they will have to disappear.
but meantime may be scattering disease or in
winter epidemic, all over the land. No branch of
trade besides is done in tenements except little
tailoring"
FREEZING WITHOUT ICE.
A friend of mine, an American-born man, who
owns large brewery, took me through it last
week and gave me the rare treat of man of learn
ing able to describe the scientific processes he fol-
lowed.
Going in from the street through an archway the
place looked very modest, but when we came to
grope for two or three under ground, with
candles in our hands, and the of the city
far above our heads. and the ceilings of the great
vaults covered with ice and in the midst of
August, could not but be astonished. Yet this was
not very large brewery, and it turns ont only
about $4,000 barrels of lager beer year. 1t is the
only brewery in the world, however, with the ex-
ception of one in Williamsburg, which does not
any ice, but makes its own cold By absorbing
the heat in the vaults by refrigerating machinery.
Formerly it consumed from 5000 to TO- 900 tons of
ice year. which at the present low rate of 81 n
ton, would make in the neighborhood of $4,000
My companion and friend working with him
invented the machine which accomplishes more
cold than all this vast mass of ice and at the same
time saves tho room the ice would occupy for the
storage of beer, thereby charging the brewery TO
that extent for brewery is. in the MAN. n stock
of beer kept ripening weeks months The mere
brewing is a simple matter and here they brew
fifteen times week. using the same series of
KETTLE hop-boiler, and mash-tub. All that would
be necessary to brew more would be to put in an
other kettle aud accessories but to carry the beer
in any great quantity you must have vault room.
which is expensive, and you must have cold room,
which you can only obtain by ice or by science.
HARTsHoRN RAMPANT
"What is the principle" said |, by which you
create winter at will 7"
awe 300 pounds of aqua ammonia which
costs about 90 cents pound That by our
powerful engine we compress and drive through
many hundred feet of pipes which lie along the tops
of our vaults, and we also 1t down through the
fermentlng tubs in hollow cylinders. We produce
expansion in this ammonia by a small needle point
aperture which at certain places gives it outlet.
In the act of expanding it takes up heat and pro-
duces temperature only few degrees above the
freezing point while the pipes themse, YES become
incrusted with whatever moisture is in the vaults
in the form of and ice. Our own machine
cost $4,000, or about two years cost of our ice
We have just put up in Williamsburg for
somewhat less money. To build an zee house costs
a brewer from $50, 900 to 500 900. There are some
which have cost over 100000. But after you
have built your ice house you have to buy your ice,
and that being bulky takes much room from
your beer.
"The day is close at hand" he continued when
this machinery Will be applied to hotels and will
keep the city of New-York as cool in midsummer
as the seaside or the mountain tops You can
make the temperature what you please You can
cool the theatres in midsummer that they can got
four or five months more OCCUPATION"
|" 1t is certainly mysterious" said l. that with
about 50, 800 worth of hartshon you can expunge
$4,000 of ice and make my toes ache down here in
the dog days What is ammonia 7"
" 1t is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, and
it is called ammonia because it was first made from
camels dung at the Temple of Jupiter Ammon on
the hot deserts of Africa. 1t is called hartshorn
because they once made it out of the deconposed
horns of deer. You buy it as a LIQUID it is a
powerful alkali. eiything in nature Won know
is normally cold passive nature like death is in a
state OF cold. The heat comes from elsewhere and
all we do Is to take away this heat by letting the
hartshorn seize it, and bear it away. We use the
hart dav n, Il