American citizen., 1881-04-30
FACTS AND FIGURES.

"A tree bearing 80 bushels of apples
is really sustaining half ton of water,
for water constitutes about S5 per cent.
of apples.
There were LBS divorces in Switz-
erland last year, large increase over
1879. Of this number 347 women and
343 men passed into second nuptials.
The deepest well in the world is
$500 feet, or more than three-fifths of a
mile in depth. and is located at Buda
Pesth, Hungary.
Iron was so scarce in England dur
ing the reign of Edward Ill. that the
pots, spits and frying pans of the royal
kitchen were classed among the King s
jewels. ..
"A brick of gold measuring twelve
by seven by four inches is worth about
375, 900. Such a brick represents one
months product of one of the hydraulic
mines of California.
MIR. ID. Pennoyer, of Dutchess
County, N. Y, has succeeded in raising
and demonstrating the Virginia wild
turkey so that "they are the tamest
turkeys he ever saw 81 =
"A machine has been invented which
can make 100. 900 cigarettes a day. The
consumption of cigarettes in 1880
amounted to 4Os, 600, 600, and it is esti-
mated that 1 900, 600. 600 will be required
to supply the demand for 1881.
The West India sugar interests suf-
fered seriously from a frost ON Februa-
ry 10, the severest on record since the
Spanish conquest. 1t is said that sew
eral years must elapse before many
plantations can recover their usually
healthy condition. A loss of over ST.
600, 900 is reported.
The deepest coal pit in England -
that of the Ashton Moss Colliery Com
pany-has, after six years boring,
reached the desired coal beds. The
sinkings have reached depth of 897
yards Gncluding the six-foot seam of
coaD. and the borings have gone down
to 1,050 yards.
The "Modocs'' that are to be used
in hauling coal from the mines are
mammoth locomotives, the most pow
erful in the world. They weigh twelve
tons more than an ordinary locomotive,
have eight driving wheels, and will
haul fifty loaded cars of twenty tons
each. .s
The Soyran & Orenberg Railway
bridge across the river Volga, in Russia,
just finished, cost $8.OO0,O0O. Where
the bridge is built the river is more
than mile wide. The IA piers
which support the girders are 100 feet
above the mean level of the water, and
the girders 1854 feet long and 80 feet
wide.
London is the great grass-seed ex-
change, where enormous quantities are
collected from the countries which grow
the different kinds best, and are stored
in the immense and lofty warehouses
of the wholesale dealers, heaping the
floors until reduced. by distribution.
The shipments to the various colonies
demand the larger portion, but all na-
tions take more or less, and the home
demand is extensive. The United States
and d-CA..aAa-a1,ratrihl,to o-a>-l--kL
clover and timothy to the great aggre-
gate. and draw other sorts from it.
Car wheels are now kept in their
place without being keyed on. In for
mer times the keys would drop out by
the constant jar, and be almost sure to
precipitate an accident; besides they
weakened the axle and wheel Axles
are turned to fit the wheel snugly, and
are driven in place by hydraulic pres
sure. Previous to being driven the
ankles are covered with thin coat OF
white lead and oil, which hardens in a
short time, and holds the wheel SO firm
ly in place that pressure of from 100
to 40 tons is required to remove a
broken axle from the wheel in which it
is placed.