New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-01-22
THE ADDRESS.

may lose from unlavorabe Influences upon our heius
Will they pass away with the year just closed or has
there developed underlying conditions which have
been gradually forming and which are now to snow
themse with great ana In grand proportions
This Is u.s. the overshadowng question of the day.
and II will lead us into many inquiries and investga-
lions before Il is solved believe that country has
entered upon in its relationship with Europe
While IT probable that our exports OF food the
next year will equal OF the past, still the channels
commerce which have been opened VIII not be clOse
but Will gradually grow wider and deeper. These VIII
make perman ut changes in our dealings with that
Continent.
This TACT that North America, with its yast extent OF
fertile vacant lands. almost touches Europe with
its over-crOwded population Is one which cxcites the
most varied speeulations regard the results
which must folio bearing upon all phases or 0VllZa
ton politics and power. History tells Of no event more
striking or significant There what properly may
be called conflict between agriculture and theirs
During the past year have fu'riy " bonn
barded Europe with casks and barrels OF
animal and vegetable food" While these re-
ieve famine they also excite alarm In quarters by
their effects. only upon their agriculture but upon
social and political organizations II has become con-
test between American farmers ana European laud-
owners US compare the power aud resources Of the
combatants. As the Canadas are occupied by people
speaking same language and living under law SINH
Las to our own include them in my terms when speak
OF side in this competition When speak Of our
Continent do not incuGe Mexico. The variety OF our
farm products is protection against disasters from I'M
favorable seasons a. grains helped by causes
which ha rm others Il entire wheat crop should be
cut Of it would be % great loss. II would make no
hunger Tor amounts to only quarter OF The pro-
Of Indian We have not only greater variety
Of the fruits of the earth but climate gives them 10
MS IN successons which add greatly 10 their vauo and
the comfort and enjoyment of OR people But II Is not
only extent territory abundance aud variety 81 pro-
duets that nature iayors IL. While in Europe short
rivers ana narrow valleys tell Of frequent ranges 81 high
land, which hinder commerce. with lakes and rivers
bind together with silver links In ways that
give ready aud cheap exchange Of all that raise
OF make
THE GROWTH OF POPULATION.
10 ten years NUMBER viii ha about twice those Of
the United Kingdom. We have now 30 600 OOO ana lass
hau the usual Of Increase will eyeu- 62OOoOOOn
1890. Many who lave wI see ioO.0O0.OO0 % busy
nha bitauts within borders The mingled European
races have ylgOr superior any single lineage We
are forming what not yet fully deveopcd-ihe Amer
lean character. Those who study the Influence OF this
iutercou upon the grounds Of our country
Will be impressed with its mutual improvement 81 oil
minds aud charaoiers Immigrants do not merely give
numbers, but also wealth In unknown elsewhere
The money they bring with them amounts In the aggre
gate to large But this Is unimpOrtant In com
parison with another fact We have many millions Of
acres of rich lands. which the Government holes az
nominal price or which will give To actual settlers By
our homestead laws While they vacant they OF
no value when in the Of few yearsa million
Of hardy mmi grants. usually the prime OF NE land
Oh our coast rlfey may be without wealth. Bat the
fncut th H poor men aud plant them
selves upon tGc millions Of acres OF land. OF no pre-
y,Ous value me union OF TWO kuds OF poverty
evolves a. u by chemical action, enormous
wealth Mere occupations before a crop Is raised
,moupt - real wealth This does not fan away as time
0Or each In our new safes the
wealth OF farmer DOES NOT merely come from the
sum lac gels for his producs hot beyond ths the land
Il. took 40 for homestead. which be bought for
r,ne gains yalue wnch makes estate RAJ eng from
not grow in THIS way Europe il is this which
gives our country ~ swift Increase OF wealth.
POLITICAL CONDITIONS OF THE TWO CONTINENTS.
Beyond extcut OF territory, variety Of productions
facilities FOR aud growth u numbers there
is another advantage we enjoy. We cannot correctly
sean Tie future unless regard thc political conditions
OF the two continents Let the lines between Sc~Yor
and Pennsy lvania represent the hostile border Of
France anu Germany. How long could VIC endure his
division OF territory thus represented the barriers 10
intercourse aggravated By differences OF language aud
laws and the burhcu- OF great armies the evil. OF
lona hates and the Of bloody warsl The bound
ARIES each Of these dvIsOus wou1 limit The spread of
knowledge thc prosr-s oi cy"~alion nnd tlc growth
OF sympa ines anon. mankind LYci1 industry would
Disturbed and taxed by the cost OF great armies.
Their rulers would stand they now do Europe,
against each other as n they deemed ther fellow
mOnarchs robbers who watch their chance for plumber
TIE DIVISION or OUR AGMCUL1URE INTO GRAND
DEPARTMENTS.
In smaller countries farmers labor meet the wants
OF those about them. They confined home mar
kets and they seek the crops which viii meet
their limited needs Their pursuts In such cases do
not stir minds teach the wants ana conditions OF
other regions and populations The reverse OF this Is
true with us Our agriculture IA shaping Itself into
grand de parments, each covering eXtens than
those OF most countries These lead Ia improvements
IN their several pursuits. which cannot be deycoprd
when carried on on o smaller scale Each shapes the
hnsIness commerce and transportation of is region i'm
WAYS which cheaper production and The reach
ing markets This system improves not only farming,
but the farmers we'll The influences OF these great
departn,eus of agriculture not more striking IN
their results upon production than they upon the
Intelligence OF the producers, Inc active and wide
intelligence thus generated by our Departments
far The production and methods for sale Of pro-
diets gives assurance OF our ablty TO hold the round
course and intelligence which grow ont OF these great
OF agriculture do not merely elevate
farmers and give us commercial success; they make the
hands which hold our Union IN firm compact. Party
passions may threaten 1t ambitious purposes may
me STIR up sectional prjudicIes but since tho late
mr. the growth agriculture MERGE and intercourse
has made a conservative, Intelligent influence which
will reuke passions ana purposes which threaten peace
and harmony II III pleasant and assuring to know that
Nature in he md pursuits gives life and strength
our political association, aud inspires hope that our
Union will have natures endurance
EFFECTS OF ouRhGRICULTCRE UPON THE SOCIAL
AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS or EUROPE.
II all the statements have made arc correct sim the
facts remain that peopc OF Europe have heretofore
been able 20 raise most of The food they need Why can
they not hereafter with the same labor, tho same
soil raise enough to supply their wants except for the
small amount which they have heretofore Imported
Why can we expect, with ordinary seasons that we can
sell them moro than have done past years that
although We may raise grain and make provisions for
less than they can will the effect Of this be merely
TO reduce the price which farmers VIII get the
amount OF food they will producef These questions
hiring into view facts OF great Interest ia many re-
spect- In the fret place, where farmers own their
lands as they do with all that they get for hat
bcy sell goes those who labor upon the soil But rs
rule IN Europe and particularly In Great Britain, what
IS made upon farms must support at least two and
spmcmes tour ella OF persons the tenant does
fIa unrk Ihe Landlords and usually agrnta or