Shenandoah herald. [volume] (Woodstock, Va.) 1865-1974, 1880-05-19

volving knife within, cuts the fat
very fine, and forces it through a
fine sieve at the opposite end, to
which it is introduced, and finally
forces it out of the hasher in a dis
integrated state, when it is received
in tub, ready for the next opera
ton.
Care must be taken not to intro
duce the fat in the hasher too rap
idly, as the seive or knife is apt to
snap, for it requires considerable
force for the disintegration, which
of course is accomplished by steam
power.
MELTING PROCESS.
The fat now in q disintegrated
state, is removed TO the melting
tank, care being taken not to intro
duce into the tank, any Of the water
which is forced out OF the fat dur
ing the Designating process. The
fat is then heated by means Of the
water surrounding the tank, unit
the temperature reaches about ll60
f., when the steam which heats
the water is turned of. The water
surrounding the tank, being much
warmer than the moulten fat, in
creases the temperature Of the lat
10 1220-1240 f., when the fat COM
pletely melts. During the whole
operation, from the time the stream
is turned on, until the melted fat is
allowed to rest, the fat must be con-
tinually stirred, SO that an even
temperature may DC maintained.
The adipose tissues, Or scrap, Of the
fat separates, and settles to the
bottom, on leaving the melted fat
at rest, and clean, yellow oil
floats on top. covered by film Of
white emulsion Of oil with the wa
ter contained in the fat.
When the scrap has completely
settled, the thin layer Of emulsion
is bailed off, and the clear, yellow
oil is drawn and received in wood
en- cars; which, when filed to with
in 1-2 inches OF the top. are re-
moved to allow the oil 10 crystal
lie or granulate. Care must be ia
ken in drawing off the last Of the
oil, not to allow any of the scr p to
mix again with it. 1t is better to re-
ceiye the last portion Of oil and
scraps in a small galvanized iron
cylindrical can, and allow it to cool
by Itself, and when cool to melt it
over again by placing the can in one
OF the wash tubs, and surrounding
it with water heated to about 1859
f., and thus separate from the
scrap all the oil that is possible.
The scrap may then be sold. 1t
sometimes occurs that the scrap
refuses to settle, and rises
to the surface, forming layer
on the top of the clear oil; ii
crcb he case. the melted fat and
scrap must be stirred up together,
for at least 10 OF ID minutes, and
then allowed to settle by standing,
which it will generally do if not
then it should be STIRRED once more,
and allowed to stand ; if it does
not settle this time, which is rarely
the case, Quart or two of salt
must be thrown on the scrap, and
the mixture stirred, when the scrap
will settle to the bottom on stand
ing. An acid solution Of the active
principle of the stomach Of calf
was used for sometime, as proposed
by Mege, in the melting process. 1t
was thought to coagulate the'scrap,
ana cause it to settle more rapidly.
Experiments have shown ii TO be
unnecessary, however.)
The melting process, when con-
! ducted with success. occupies
about two OF three hours. The oil
in the cars will require, at least, Y
to "a or more hours to granulate,
and the temperature of the room
should be about 100 +. This is a
very important operation and must
mot be hurried, otherwise the stear-
inc in tie oil will no! have time TO
crystalize The granulated oil is
now ready for the next operation.
PRESS PROCESS.
The car containing the solidi-
fed oil from the melting tank
(which for convenience. l will call
refined fat, hereatter,) is removed to
the press room, which room is kept
ata temperature between SO and
l9O0 F. The refined fat must not be
so solid that it cannot be worked
with the fingers with ease; il it is,
it must be lett in the press room I'M
til it softens.
When in the right coalition it is
packed in cloths, set in moulds to
form packages about four inches
wide, eight inches long, one and
one-hali inches thick; these pack
ages are then placed on galvanized
plates in the press, at equal dis
tances apart. The plates with
these packages are piled one above
1.-THE other in press. until the Ca