davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
" Corn Sugar and syrups.

The process of making corn syrup and
sugar Is as follows. Tho corn is stepped In
large tanks for "a to 80 hours in warm
water; when 1t becomes quite soft. 1t is
then ground In burr stone mills through
which stream Of water is constantly pass
ing. AS fast as tho corn Is ground 1t Is
carried of by tho water into settling tanks
IN which the coarse particles are deposited,
the fine starch being carried of In tho
water into other tanks where it finally
settles free from any impurity, and tho
water Is drawn off. The coarse matter is
reground, bolted, and washed repeatedly,
until all the starch is secured, when the
refuse is gathered aud sold as starch waste
for feeding cows and cattle, for about l5
cents bushol. This Is obviously a pure
and wholesome food, being thus freed from
most of the starch, and containing the
gluten and other heterogeneous matters with
all tho mineral portions of tho gram. The
statement 80 often made that this waste is
injurious whom fed to cattle is seen to be
untrue; II is as wholesome and about as
nutritious as bran. The starch thus made
and still mixed with Il largo quantity of
wator from which it IL not necessary to
bcpai ate 1t, Is pumped into wooden vessels
i'll which certain proportion of sulphuric
acid Is added TO the slarchy liquid. The
proportion OF acid varies from one to three
per cent. according to the quantity OF
starch suspended in the liquid. The whole
mass of liquid is thoroughly stirred and
heated by means Of steam coil of lead
pipe until the whole Of the starch has been
converted into dcxtrinc. This point is as
certaincd by testing small portion Of the
liquid by the addition of few drops of
alcoho k solution Of iodine. Iodine pos
sesscs tho property of giving violet color to
starch aud if any starch remains in the
liquid its presence is noted by the appear
ance of violet cloud III the test tube. If
no discoloration takes place the process is
complete and the liquid is da "n Off into
another vat and powdered marble dust is
stirred into ii i'll the proportion of pounds
to each 5 pounds Of acid used. Ihe mar
bic dust, carbonate of lime, unitcs with
the acid and forms sulphalc of lime or
plaster, which falls to the bottom, leaving
the sweet liquor free from acid, if the pro-
cess has been exactly performed. This is
tested by the use of litmus paper which
becomes red when dipped into All acid
liquid, and blue If dipped into ono that Is
alkaline. When found to be perfectly
neutral tho liquid ls tilttr-d through bone
charcoal, by which 1t is purified and made
clear and limpld. After this ii is conveyed
mo vocuum pans and evap rated by steam
heat into sugar Or syrup. Pho product of
sugar is from 25 to 80 pounds from
bushel of corn, depending upon The quality
of tle grain. ~ bushel of corn weighing
10 lbs., contains about 36 lbs. of starch,
but all the starch is not extracted from the
corn as some is left in the waste. The
manufacture is evidently profitable ono
especially when carried on in the great
corn growing localities where the grain is
cheap.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
a Wnsp's Strategy.

a writer says that ono morning when he
was watching spiders nest, mad wasp
alightcd within IN inch or two Of the nest,
on the side opposite tho opening. Creep
ing noisclcssly around toward the entrance
OF the nest, tho wasp stopped n little short
of 1t, and for moment RENAME perfectly
quiet. Then reaching out one Of his an
tcnn,c, he wriygled it before the opening
and withdrew it. This overture had the
desired effect, for the boss OF the n;st, as
large spider rs one ordinarily Sees came
out to sec what was wrong and to set it to
rights. No sooner had the spider emerged
TO that point at which he was at tho worst
disadvantage than tho wasp, with quick
movement, thrust his sting into the body
OF his foe, killing him easily and almost
instantly. The experiment was repeated
Oh the part of the wasp, and when there
was no rcpohso from tho inside he became
satisfied, probably, that he held the fort.
at all events he proceeded to enter tho nest
and slaughter the young spiders, which
were aftcrward lugged off one at II time.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
The Monkey nnd tho fInwk.

The cook Of a French nobleman, whose
chateau was in the south of France had II
monkey which was allowed the free range
OF the kitchen, and which was so intelligent
that by severe training its natural propen-
slty to mischief had been subducd, and it
was even taught to perform certain useful
services, such Ss pl cling fowls, forinstancc,
at which 1t was uncOmmonly expert. Ono
fine morning pair of parlridges was given
1t to pluck. The monkey took thom to m
open window which looked directly upon
the park and went 20 work with great dill
gence. He soon finished one, which he
laid on the outer ledge or the window, and
then went quietly Oh with the other. A
hawk, which had been watching his pro-
cccdings from ncighboring tree, darted
down upon the partridge, and in minute
was up in the tree again. grecdlly dcvour-
ing his prey. The CONSERVATION Of the
monkey at this unloward adv ynluro may
be easily imagined. lIe knew he she uld be
scverly whipped for losing it. lie hoped
about in great distress for several minutes,
when suddenly a bright thought struck
him. Seizing the remaining partridfte, he
went to work with energy and stripped off
the feathers. He then placed the other,
on the window sill, and closing
one of the shutters concealed
himself behind it. Tho hawk, which by
this time had finished his meal, very soon
swoopcd down upon tho partridge; but
hardly had his claw touched the bird when
the monkey sprang upon him from behind
the shutter. The hawks head was instant
ly wrung, and the monkey, with triumph
ant chuckle, proceeded to strip off tho
feathers. This done, he carried the two
picked fowls TO his master, with conf
dent and self satisfied air. which seemed to
say. 'Hcrc are two birds, sir, just what
you gave mo- What the cook said on
finding one of the partridge converted into
hawk, Is more than we are ablc to tell.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
GilllznCe.

The city Of 4huZnce, India, on which
the Bngllsh troops have advanced, is
situated 233 miles from Candahar and
cighty-tivc from Cabul; aud the route from
the former city lies up the valley of the
Tarnak, along which there is considerable
cultivation, and in consequence a sutticiency
Of supplies. 1t appears that these have
been collected At various stations along the
route to Il little way beyond Kclat-i-
Ghilzai, fort cigh:y-nlnc miles from Can
dahar. and at present occupied by n native
regiment, two companies of British in
fantry and{our guns, left there as gnrri
son by General Hughes in October last.
Beyond that fort The forces will be in tho
very heart of the Gllilzai country; but the
tribe have been 80 worsed i'll their recent
engagements with the HaZNrahs, who in
habit the hilly country to tho northwest
and have warmly cspouscd our cause, that
there does not appear much prospect of
opposition before the walls Of Ghuzuce are
rcached-cven if Mohammcd JAMS hostility
should last as long US that. General Stew
art will return from Ghuznce to India by
the Kuram route; by which is probably
meant the road followed by the Lumsdcn
mission in 1857. There are, however, two
other routes from GhuZnco to India, neither
of which have ever bcen travcrsed by
Europeans, and Of which more complete
knowledge Is desirable. One divergcs
from the Ghuzncc- -Cabul route at Haft Asia
and loads through the Sugawand Pass
(also called Sakawand and Sujaon) to
Kushi, while the other, lying between the
Kuram and the Gomul routes, runs in q
southcasterly direction and passes through
Urgun and down tho valley of the Tochi
River to Bannu. Tho first of these two
routes was frequently used by the first
Mohammcaan conqucrors of India in pro-
ference to the Khybcr route, and therefore
may be confidently assumed to be worth
exploration, while the second has the merit
Of being the shortest and most direct line
possible from Ghuznce to the Indus.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
Table Etiquette.

Upon taking your seat, your first duty
should be to inspect the cutlery. If the
knives bear Rogers stamp, for instance,
sound the praises of the Mcriden manufac-
turo. This will cause Others to examine
their knives. They will marvel at your
practical knowledge. And you will Illvo
long In the memory of your no jtcss. When
soup Is served, opportunity will present it.
self to show your superior attachments In
gastronomy. Contidcntially inform your
Uis-0-pis, in voice sufficiently loud to be
heard all around the table, that Builleboil
is the only person you ever knew who
could mako soup 1T to cal. Every eye
will be turned toward you in alteration.
Your hostess will feel a sort of reflected
greatness in having one 80 gifted condo.
sccnd to grace her humble board. Then
blow into your soup as though you were
under contract to furnish motive power for
windmill. Then you will show your
naughty contempt for convcntionaliles.
For similar reason, you will cat from the
point Of your spoon. This movement will
make you look like the sword swallower.
Your appearance will be picturesque.
Your elbow will threaten your right hand
neighbours eye. In eating fish whip as big
- P'>Sc "o JcN SAii III ~ Johh iLoutiS
then pick out the bones one by one at your
leisure. Always eat with your knife, and
close your lips tightly about it when you
withdraw it from your mouth. This will
keep your knife clean during the whole
meal. Cleanliness is next to godlincss, you
know. With tho meats comes m excellent
opportunity TO exhibit your gymnastio at.
tainment. You will make yourself re-
spcctcd, now, by your left-hand as well as
your right-hand ncighbors You can make
yourself more agreeable by watching your
opportunities In conversation. When a
gentleman has transferred forkfull of food
from his plate to his mouth, address him
suddenly. 1t is very amusing TO SEQ gen
tleman half choked,in his endeavor to get
his mouth-full otfood out Of the way that
h, may answer you. Of course you will cat
all tho while you ore talking, and talk while
you cat. Thus will you pay a delicate
compliment to your hostess's cook, show
your social qualities, and prevent others,
possibly, from eating more than Is good
for them. II pudding Is served, say 1t
doesn't agrec with you. But eat Of 1t just
the same, and call for moro. And here Is
an admirable opportunity to deliate upon
the idiosyncrasles Of your digestive appa-
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
Timber Culture.

We feel sure that the subjcc of timber
culture does not engage the attention of
tho public rs its merits demand. The an.
nual consumption of railroad tics aIono ,s
over 40, 900, 900. 1t requires thirty years
growth to produce tho average railroad tic
There is over 90, 600 miles of railroad in
this country; making over 1S0, 900 miles of
fencing, which cost over 500, 900, 600, and
over $l6, 600, 900 annually for repair. We
have over rs, 900 miles of telegraph wires
which require over 800, 900 telegraph posls,
and the annual repair takes 10000 more.
But, If we should 60 on and cnumcrate the
amount required for farm fencing, build
ings. bricl-burning (Which requires 3, 900,
600 cords a Year,, match" making, shoe
pegs, furniture making saddlc-tree making,
packing boxes, scythc and tool handles of
all kinds, wagons, carriages, agricultural
implements, and fire wood, 1T would swell
the grand total at least $500 900, 600 an
nnally. And, notwithstanding this great
demand and shortened supply, tho havoc
OF lumber destroying Is going on just az
rapidly as ever. The time is coming when
this wholesale destruction will be regretted.
The supply will be exhausted: and then 1t
will take more than fifty years to restore it,
at great expense and labor. The supply
thereafter can never be made to equal the
demand for 1t. Those who will now turn
their attention to timber culture and to the
preservation Of what timber they have,
will receive big reward In the near
future.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
Entertaining Passengers.

hope nothing will happen to the boy"
the GROSS passenger remarked, enxiously, as
we were speeding northward from London.
The boy in question was about seven
years old. lie was entertaining the pas
sengcrs by running up and down the aisc
shouting like Comanche Indian. He
would run TO the rear door, kick the panels
and shout, "Io!" Then he would run
to the forward door, kick it aud yell "IIay!"
When this performance began to grow
maddcning with tho monOtony, tho boy
would lend 1t q little variety by pausing to
look into some passengers face, while at
the same time lie would strike ut him aud
shrick, "l'll kill you" 1t was very in
terestlng, and we all loved tho infant.
Now and then his mother would say
'Sammy, Sammy dear, you mustn't strike
tho gentleman perhaps the gentleman
doesn't like it," And then the gentleman
would lie like Trojan, and say, "Oh, yes,
he didn't mind it he liked little boys. "
And so we were all worried and nervous,
for fear the child might get hurt. We
fairly grew sick with anxiety. Hcstoppeda at
my ser ,nrtched the lap tablet out Of my
hands IL roarcd, "Gimmy that pencil -
and when | Is mother said, "Why, Sammy,
| am afraid you disturb the geLtlclnan, !"
Sammy yelled, 'I'll xiii him.! " | was so
anxious about him that I watched him all
the way down the aisle to see if he wouldn't
fall and break his neck. So we all sat and
watched HIM, with concern written all owe
our faces. The hoy snatched an apple
away from the fat passenger, kicked the
cross passengers valise made faces at the
sad passenger, and hit the man on the
wood.boX twice with stick. Once, and
only once, he made an offer to slap the
woman who talks base, but she glarcd down
at him with a Cronk that made his
hair stand on end, and he avoided her dur
ing tho rest Of the trip. at last just as he
was rushing up to The f)rwnrd door to kick
it, the impetuOus brakeman banged it open
to announce a station. Hr cracked that
boy OH the head with the brazcn knob, and
the boy acted very much as he would have
acted had he been shot with a catapult, and
it took all the ice water in the cooler to cool
Off his head, and the boy was effcctually
quieted down. And it was really pleasant
to sec tho woaricd look Of anxious concern
off the passengers faces, after the brake
man dropped tho boy. The cross pnsscn-
gen. grim face relaxed like May morning,
the fat passenger wiukcd ut the man on the
wood-boX, who was still rubbing his
knuclllcs with M air Of tender interest, the
sad passenger hummcd a merry little air,
and the woman who talks base gave n
cheerful croak that VAS intorprt ted to mean
laughter. -Four passengers, whose names
could not learn, gave the astonished brake
man fifty cents apiece. The boy with his
head swathed up in wet handkcrchicfs re-
manned comparatively quiet.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08

ratus. The noblest study of mankind Is
man. If pudding is not forthcoming re-
mark upon the singular idea that some peo.
pie have that pudding may be omitted from
q dinner for people who understand such
things. When tho pie comes peep under
1t, or turn 1t over like griddle cake. This
especially whore the lady Of the house
does her own baking, If the pie Is
underdone, 1t would be tho right thing to
mention the fact. If It be done too brown.
say something appropriate to the occasion.
When a lady makes slip In her cooking
she likes to be told Of 1t publiclyi Coffee
should be drank from the saucer, as though
1t were an oyster in its she'll This gives
you jaupty air. If at private table,
never pass anything to your neighbor. You
may want all there ID yourself. Never hes
itate to ask for what you cannot reach.
You love to wait upon yourself. Others
must love to wait on you. Rcmomber the
toothpick.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
Diamonds and Diamond Fields.

The principal diamond fields of the
world are in South Africa and In Brazil.
Owing to the great production in the Kim
berley mines in South Africa, and tho coll
scquent reduction in price, the Brazil mines
are not worked as much as formerly. A
few stones arc found in India, some small
ones In China, and occasionally one is
found in California. 1t Is claimed that
one or two have been discovered in Indiana
and one or two in Georgia. But those that
have been sent from Georgia have turned
out to be either beryl or common crystal.
The popularity of the great Kimberley
mines--which are now $50 feet below the
surface and cover large arca-is that tho
diamonds are found imbcdded In stcatite,
or soapstonc. Those found In tho Bahia
district in Brazil-which Is about 400
miles below Rio Janeiro-are usually i'm
bedded in Conglomcratc composed of
small pebbles. Tho diamonds that are
not fit to cut for gems are used
Tor mechanical purposes. Those most
used are what are called carbons from the
Bahia district. They are irregular in shape
and OF dark brown color, about the size
Of haZel-nut. When broken there is a
gray fracture. They were discovered many
years before they were known to have any
value. Since the discovery that they wore
diamonds by al Amsterdam diamond cut
ter they have risen in price to 80 carat
and more. They are used in burning mill
stones and i'll diamonds drills. Another
variety, known as Brazilian boart, Is too
poor to cut, and is used for drilling. They
are of different colors, and vary in size from
apin-head to Il pea. These little white ones,
too small for gems, have good cutting au-
giles, and arc used by photographers and
bank-notc ongravcrs in preparing plates
The labor connected with cGtting and pol.
lshing diamond adds greatly to its cost
Some are very difficult to shape and polish
particular sevcn-carat diamond took
seven months labor, more or less work
every day, to get it cut and polished ready
for the jcwclcr, and sold ut a loss of 81 900.
Such diamonds arc not crystallized in re-
gular planes, and may be compared to
knotty piece OF wood. AS rulo, how.
ever, diamonds have regular cleavage
planes. The cutter just makes limo on
the facc Of the point or angle Of another
diamond. Then he uses o shcrt instru-
mcns Of steel and mallot to eff ,ct the
cleavage. They all have tho same num-
Der of facets-tlftY- -siX-but maybe round
ut the girdle circumference or oblong,
according to the original shape of the
stone. They are cut, rs rule, with a it,
tie waste as possible. The white arc the
most brilliant, and consequently the most
valuable. Tinted stones are less valuable,
but dian Of a positive pink or green
color commands high price.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
A Historic Desk,

Hon. Robert G. Winthrop, in the course
of the Centennial grafton delivered by him
on the Fourth of July, 1876, in Music hall,
Boston, exhibited to the audience the
writing-desk upon which the Declaration
of independence was written, and the
thoughts suggested by this interesting his
torical relic formed one of the most cio.
quent passages of his Grafton. Hc con.
cluded his allusion to this desk with these
words: 'Long may it find its appropria-
ate and approaching ownership IN the sue
cessive generations Of family in which
the blood of Virginia and Massachusetts Is
so auspiciously commingled. Should it in
the lapse OF years ever pass from the hands
OF those to whom it will be 80 precious an
heirloom, it could only have its fit and final
place umong the choicest and most cher
lshcd treasures of the nation, with whose
title deeds of independence it is so proudly
associated On recent visit to Wash
ington, Mr.. Winthrop took the occasion to
call at the executive mansion to dcliver
personally to the president, as a gift to the
United states, the little mahogany desk on
which Mr. Jefferson wrote the Declaration
of Independence. 1t was presented In the
nane of the children of the late MIR. joseph
Coolidge OF Boston, to whom 1t was given
by Jefferson himself in 1925, whose grand
daughter Mr.. Coolidge had married, and
has an autograph inscription as follows ::
Thomas Jelftr:on gives this writing
desk to Joseph Coolidge, Jr., as a memo.
rial of his affection. 1t was made from a
drawing of his own by Ben Randall, cabi-
maker, of Philadelphia, with whom he
first lodged on his arrival in that city in
May, l776, and is the identical one on
which he wrote the Declaration of Indc-
pendcnce. Politics as we'll as religion has
Its supcrstitions. These, gaining strength
with time. may one day give imaginary
value to this relic for its association with
the birth of the great charter of our indie
pendence. This desk will be deposited
In the fire proof library of the State de-
dartment, where arc kept the original draft
Of the declaration, written on this desk,
and tho cngrossed copy which was signed
by tho members Of the Continental Con-
gross.
The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-06-08
A Lions Dinner.

One of the most interesting places in
| tho Geological Garden. Philadelphia, Pa,
| Is the lion house, not far from the main en-
| trance. One of the most favorable mo.
| mcnts to visit this lion house is four o'clock
| in the afternoon, as the lions, tigers, pan.
| theirs, leopards, cougars and hycnas arc
given their dinner at that time of the day.
They arc given ono meal a day only. ''Poor
| fclowsW perhaps you may exclaim, but It
must be remembered that in their native
| wilds these flesh eating beasts 60 without
food for several days. 1t is very interest
ing sight to sec this four o'clock dinner. As
early as three o'clock visitors, began TO
| crowd into the promenade in front of the
row of cages and by the tune the keeper
! brings out his buckets the house Is well
| tillcd, OF course tho animals know that
dinncr-tisnc is approaching They pace up
and down their cages with uneasy steps,
the lions roar and the tigers gtow, show
ing worry plainly that they are hungry.
Every now and then little boy viii 20
close up to the lions cage, but will leap
away again In an instant, for tho terrific
roar that makes tho floor shake frightens
Johnny out OF his shoes. When tho keeper
appears with bucket full of meat Soon
modore Lawrence" the biggest of the
panthcrs, bounds around the sides of his
| cage like cat, for, as his cage is nearest
| The proyision-house door, he gets the first
food. Having received his big 'thunk," as
away with great relish. The tigers are al.
most wild with delight when their cages are
reached Perhaps the most Interesting part
Of the sport, however, Is the feeding of the
male lion. Noble fellow that he isl Here
comes the keeper; now look sharp and SOC
what the lion is dong There he stands, on
his launches, with his head toward tho
great crowd. His name stands out like tho
| shaggy whiskers on Uncle Sans chin. His
eyes, fastened upon the keeper, glcam will
pleasure. Now, really, i'nt that a smile
stealing over his face, making his beard
twitch and his cars point forward? 1t looks
vcry much like X, anyhow, and If that isn't
lions smilo, thcn no lion ever did smile.
| tie is not as In patient as tho other animals,
though he shows that hc Is hungry lie has
native dignity about him that evcry one
must admire, See, the keeper approaches
with piece OF bcef---hotse beef weighing
fftcoh pounds, Oh the ondtof' q pole. The
keeper holds the beef, upoYeri tho lions
head, and close to tthe' cage. Now is the
most delightful, moment. "Just look !"
elbow nico" "Dear old bdYl" may be
heard on every side, and ssthe cARo6Rd surges
up against the iron rail! aStilrth keeper
holds tho beef abovet the tlionls9 head. The
lion looks up, at 1t with, q please do, drop
it-in.my mouth expression, His paws are
crossed, aud his head elevated, Suddenly
the keeper thrusts the beef between tho
bars tho lion seizcs litIwlth a a:"thank you"'
look and begins 10 eat as quietlyi as any
good little girl In the United States,