davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

BITTER BUTTER.-At the late convention
of the northwestern dairymen's associa-
ton, held at Harvard, Ill, Col. K. NJ
Littler, of Iowa, in speaking of what he
saw of dairymen in England during his
visit there last summer. made some very
pertinent remarks on this subject, in which
he stated the opinion of the English dairy
men was that the bitter taste in butter
was caused by the serum Of the cream.
TO avoid this they construct their cream
jars with faucet ut the bottom, and allow
the cream to stand several hours after be
ing skinned The serum or bitter water
settles at the bottom of the jar by natura
gravity, and is then drawn off before thu
cream is disturbed by being poured int
the churn. In this way they are enabled
to make butter without any bitter taste
Would it not be well for our butter maker:
to try the plan? 1t will cost but little
and if it can be made success in England
we can do the same in this country. Civ,
it trial.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
Fer The Freeman.
A Chat with Farmers.
BY AGRICOLA.
ABOUT ALTERNATING ANIMALS.

ABOUT ALTERNATING ANIMALS.
We cut the following from the New
York Times of recent date, which seem.
appropriate in this connection:
" SNAKES BY THE BUsHEL.-Mr. Gov.
kendall owns farm near Libertyville
Sussex county, n j. Last spring, while
passing through piece of wood adjoining
his residence, he discovered small hole
in the ground from which he saw huge
black snake emerge, and afterwards saw
another put his head out. Being satisfied
that it was their den, he took gun which
be was carrying, and, watching the hole a
short time, shot ten large snakes rs thew
came out. He then decided TO let the nest
alone until cold weather.
A few days ago, in company with two
other men, Mr.. Coykendall went to the
den armed with pick and shovel He
commenced digging, and after having got
about twelve inches, he came to the
snakes. The hole in the ground where
they entered was not over two inches in
diameter, and at no place did the den
measure over two feet in depth; but sew
eral holes ran off in different directions
from the spot where most of the snakes
were discovered. There were no stones in
the hole, and the reptiles were simply en-
bedded in the clay.
The snakes when found were in torpid
condition, and pulling them out one by
one, Mr.. Coykendall filled one bushel corn
basket and part of bag with them. He
carried them home, and, after washing
them, placed them in a wooden box.
There were lightweight snakes in all,
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

To TELL THE AGE OF Cows-Tht
ages of horned cattle may generally be
known by the rings on their horns til
their tenth year, but after that time the,
give no indication of age further than lha
the animal has passed its tenth year. The
first ring appears on the horn after tn,
animal is two years old-soon after. rs +
general rule, though sometimes before
that age. Daring the third year the ring
gradually increases, and ut three years o.
age it is completely formed The second
ring appears during the fourth year, and
at the end of the fifth year is complet,
After that period an additional ring i,
formed each year. This rule is sufficient.
Iy plain, and even II young farmer needs
but little practice to enable him to read &
cows age on her horns. A COW with three
rings is six years old; with four is seven
years old. No new rings are formed after
the tenth year The deeper rings, how
ever, and the worn appearance of the
horns are pretty sure indications of old
age Farmers Adcocate.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

PIcKINGs IN TIE PoULTRY YARD
March and April are the best month,
for Matching, generally speaking. But =
few winter breods should be brought out
MIX ground black pepper with the morn.
ing food for chicks twice q week-one
tablespoonful of pepper for every twenty
| chicks
Feed chicks morning, noon and late af
ternooni cooked food morning, and grain
as broken corn, wheat, etc, noon and af
ternoon.
In selecting hens for setting, the small.
est will be the most successful, as they are
less liable to break the eggs or crush the
young chicks when hatched
No hen should have more than twelve
chickens to take care of, at the most,
otherwise she will not do justice to them ;
and in cold weather eight or nine, or as
some say, only six, are quite enough, if
choice chickens.
Gravel, sand or some other similar sub
stance Is almost rs essential to the fowls
well-being as is food, end if fowls are kept
IN confinement and not supplied with this.
no matter how much grain you may SUP.
ply, they will not thrive, or even keen
healthy for any length of time.
Very early chickens must be fed by
lamp light ut night. One great essential
is to shorten the night and lengthen the
day as much as possible. Feed at least
twice after dark, once the last thing before
bed time. 1t is not difficult to teach
chickens to come forth Mt night and eat
cracked corn and wheat screenings.
Eggs for early Matching should not be
allowed to remain in the nests during cold
weather, even if experiments have shown
that they may be subjected to IL great
degree OF cold without destroying their
vitality. AT its best, early Matching has
too many disadvantages to add to the list
the chances of an experiment.-Erchange.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

The MISERY OF "SoCIETY LIFE -
When Mrs John Jacob Astor, Jr.. APP
pcared at the presidents reception, blaz
ing with s. 100000 worth of diamonds OH
her person, and accompanied by her tw,
detectives, though the show was nothing
more or less than shoddy, every other lady
in the room was Il failure, and probably
felt herself to be so. they had arrayed
themselves in the most sumptuous manner
possible to their purposes with the inten-
ton of making Il display, but this one lady
with more than wealth CT ough on her per-
son in the way of diamonds alone to take
care of all the suffering poor in Chicago
and administer all its charities for year,
eclipsed the whole of them, and threw
them in the shade as completely rs if they
had not been there. The same in lesser
degrees happens in all other receptions
and nothing is more tiresome, unsatsfac,
tory, and disappointing.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

According TO the Rural NeiO Yorker, six
hundred cattle afflicted with pleuro-pnsu-
monia are now in quarantine in that state
Already sixteen thousand dollars have
been spent in checking the plague, and
recently thirty thousand dollars more were
asked of the legislature to liquidate past
debts and to pay current expenses. The
appropriation was promptly made, and a
resolution passed calling upon congress ia
legislate for the suppression of this disease
which promises to become a national
calamity, so far as the cattle interests are
concerned, unless a united effort is made
to prevent its spread.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

REMOVING THE AFTER.BIRTH IN
Cows.-Should COW not clean within
two days, it should be removed thus
Take a towel in the left hand and with il
grasp the placenta hanging from the
vagina, then with the right hand, weN oiled,
follow the placenta into the uterus and
unbutton gentty-no force is required. 1t
may be held by from ten to fifty cotyle-
dons or buttons, and requires considerable
patience to do it right. Afterwards with
II syringe wash out the uterus with II weak
solution of carbolic acid and water--one
part of the former to forty of water-and
if the animal is feverish, give from one.
half to ore pound Of Epson salts, accord
ing to size of cow.-RUr0L New Yorker.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
For the Freeman.

mr.. Ed'tor In your report of tn,
blowing match held at St. Johnsbury las
September, you criticised CORRECTLY, NJ
doubt,) the manner in which it was con
Quoted, and said you would 90 fifty mile
to witness blowing match conducted
upon scientific principles.
As the one you attended was the frs
attempt of the kind in Caledonia county
lor lhe last twenty-five years, aud wa!
gotten up by few farmers and pillow own
ers on twentv-four hours notice, it woulC
be strange if we should get the bes,
methods and practices on so short notice
we propose to hold another exhibition
and test of farm implements somewhere
IN this county the coming season, and
should be pleased to have YOU, through
the FREEMAN, give us what YOU consider
the best method of conducting an exhibit
ton of the kind that will fully test the i'm.
plements, the teams and the operators.
JONATHAN LAWRENCE.
Passumpsic, VT, Mar. Is, 80.
REMARKS.
blowing match should show the usual
working of the pillow, and where teams
work at different rates of speed the work
done will differ in quality. Therefore,
the plows should be tested by the same
team, or by teams working alike. Some
teams will haul off from the land going
one way; some going both ways some
will travel evenly, and no test can be
strictly and justly comparative, which
subjects the plows to such different con-
ditions.
Again, dynamometer should be at
tached to the pillow to show its draft.
Some guess can be made by observing the
team, but very poor one. Then the
pillow should be held by some one familiar
with its use, who can show what it can do
when well handled. No plowman can be
sure of doing the best work plow is CA
pable of in the first couple of burrows he
holds it.
Flows should do the work they are fitted
Tor Let the maker or agent specify how
deep 1t should 90; how wide it should cut :;
whether turn lap Or flat furrow; and
then the Judges take into account work
done' draft, ease OF handling, etc. The
plow is the basic implement of an advance
ed and thorough agriculture, in which
filth holds SO important place. More
attention should be given to plow and
blowing, and we are glad TO see Caledonia
county taking an advanced place in the
matter.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
Since the law to prevent the s

Since the law to prevent the spread Of
contagious diseases among the cattle Of
New Jersey was passed by the legislature
of that state, we hear but little of the
pleuro- pneumonia, which at ono time was
quite prevalent there. The report of the
state treasurer states that the gross sum
paid last year in the proper enforcement
of the law was S23,43l.S1. Of which
veterinary surgeons received S14, 1924, and
other sources of expense the balance.
Eighty head of affected cattle were killed,
for which 1854 were paid by the state.
Without doubt the protective law has been
the means of doing much good.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
Sworn Evidence
The following Cure is probably the most
remarkable ever effected by any med
zeal preparation for the treat.

uItuI vi SdtaTGn:
GeHtieHcn-I hereby certify that have had Catarrf
for ten years, and for the last six years have been
terrible sufferer; was rendered partially deaf had
spells, weak and painful eyes. swoleI and liberated
tonsi!s hard and constant cough pain across
tue chest, and every obligation of cunsumntion. My
rapidly i'll my head and throat that could not keep
them free. Frequently at night would spring out of
would then have recourse to every in my power
to dslodge the mucus from throat and head before
tonslIs were liberated and so much ntamed that
could with difficulty swallow | finally consulted an
but at his request POSTPONED it, The constant iuham
nation and liberation in my throat caused by the
poisonous matter dropping down from my head had
cessantly-a deeu, hard cough. Meanwhile my system
began to snow the effects Of this disease that lost
early death by consumption, When matters had
reached this stage or a9ont six months ago, began
using the first bottle began to improve rapidly The
to be for years 1t seemed gradually to arrest the
using it as a vargle soon reduced the Inflammation
and swelling Of my tonsils that they soon ceased to
trouble me- The soreness across chest disappeared
the buzzing noises in my head ceased my senses OF
seeing and OF hearing were completely restored and
every symptom disease that had reduced me to the
verge of the grave disappeared by the use of Sanfords
Radical Cure for Catarrh
have seen great deal OF suffering from Catarrn and
hope to convince many that this is great remedy
tced by the best physicians and have consulted the
most eminent abumt my case. have used every kind
period of six years pastan have while following III cir
use taken great OF my general health but obtain
ed no relic! or s1nrsS7nragement frqmany Of them
Suffolk, IS. Feb. %, 1875.
Then personally anpeared the said George F. Dins-
more aud made oath that the foregoing statement by
him subscribed is true, Before me,
SETH J. THOMAS, Justice of the Peace.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

A New York inventor claims to have
discovered a process for making all fab
RIGS waterproof; but what is more needed
IS an invention that will make milk cans
waterproof. Or the COW. We believe it
has never been definitely settled whether
the water leaks in through the COW or the
can.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

Pretty dubious sugar weather those peo-
pie have had who tapped their orchards Il
fortnight or so ago, and it doesn't act Just
like tirst-class yet Possibly we may make
our sugar mostly in April, if we make
much.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
agricultural department.
ON. TINKHAm, Editor.

All communications for this department should be
sent TO the editor, Mr.. o. NJ. TINKHAM. " Pom
fret, VT.
Please write one side Of the paper only sign such
name or initials as you wished published. but give
your FULL NAME AND ADDRESS, post Office County and
state.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
MISCELLANEOUS.
Central Vermont R. R. Line.
Commencing Monday Dec. 30. 1879.
rD,,~saoISG soUTH ANpEAsT.

TRAINsGOING SOUTH ANDEASi'
uLeave MontpeIieratsOSAnd Ii4sA.N. s.S5andio.5o
partland Express from Syracuse and Oxdens-
heller 9 s5A NJ Mixed Train leaves Montpel!er %,
4 n Montpelier Junction SIS A. NJ, for White River
MAIL TRAIN from Montreal, Adams. Bgrling-
New London, Springfield, New York and inter
MIXED TRGISieavesst Albant3 10 Burlington
NIGHr ExPRRss from Oydensburg, Montreal ST Al
hans and Burlington leave Montpelier at 1870 NJ tior
Boston via, Lowell OF Fitchburgh, springfield New
York ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TRAINsGoINGN oRTHAND WEST
Leave MontpeIierats 1854 NJ. 10 IS and 3 Is. P n
A. M via. Lowell 500 A. NJ, New London uu AM
Springfield sOOA NJ, Montpelier b5P, NJ, for Bur
lingtOn, st. Adams. Montreal, and Oxdensburg.
ACCOMMODATION Train leaves NOrthheld ~ : 90 II
Montpelier SIS A. NJ, for Burlington, hutlaud 81
MTxEDieaves White RiverJunction5. 3OA n. North
Adams, Richford, ROuses Point. &c. 80
NIGHT EXPRESS leaves Boston via. Lowell at % T.
NJ, via, Fitchburgh 500 P, NJ, New York goo =. NJ,
Springfield 500 NJ Moutpelier3 ~ A for Burling-
ton, St.Albans, Montreal and OgdensburE ana the
West.
frainsleaye ontpelierforBarro att ,OoA. NJ, 9.4'
A NJ and 4 30 ?, NJ.
Sleeping cars are attached to Night Express trains
running between Montreal and Boston and Montreal
Parlor Cars and Day Express between Boston and
Through ticketsfor Chicag and the westtorsa al
w.HoBART,
Geul Supt.
st. Adams. Vt. .Dccember27. 1879.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
FERTILIZERS AND PLANT FOOD.

7. The chiefuse of fertilizers is to supply
plant food which crops need and soils fail
to furnish.
s. But the indirect action of fertilizers
in improving the mechanical condition of
the soil and rendering its stores of plant
food available is often very important.
Hence cheap materials like lime and plas
ter are frequently more profitable than
manure or artificial fertilizers.
.. Plants vary greatly with respect to
their demands for food, their capabilities
of gathering the ingredients from soil and
air, and the effects of different fertilizers
upon their growth. Hence the proper
fertilizer in given case depends upon the
crop as well as upon the soil.
10. The only ingredients of plant food
which we need to consider in commercial
fertilizers, are potash, lime, magaesia.
pho$phorac acid, Sulphuric acad, and nitro,
gen. OF this list, magnesia is generally
abundant in even "worn-out" soils. Sui
phuric acid and lime are more often def
cient, and hence one reason of the good
effect so often observed from the applica.
ton of lime and plaster. The remaining
substances, the ph0Sphoric acid, nitroqen
md potash, are the most important ingre-
dients of our common commercial fertili-
zers, because of both their scarcity in the
soil and their high cost.
IL. The chief use of commercial fer
tiizers, guano, phosphates, bone, potash
salts and special fertilizers prepared hy
formula for different crops, is to supply
nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash.
u, These materials are expensive, but
the right ones in the right places are
nevertheless very profitable. Some of the
materials used in the experiments we have
to report have in some cases given net
profit. of nearly one hundred dollars per
acre. But the same fertilizers in other
trials have brought little or no return.
-. 1t is not good economy to pay high
prices for materials which our soils them
selves may furnish, but it is good economy
to supply the lacking ones in the cheapest
way. Farmers cannot afford to use COM
mercial fertilizers at random. No more
can they afford to have their crops fail
when small outlay for the proper fertili-
yer would bring a bountiful harvest. And
it is time that they understood these facts,
the reasons and how to make use of them.
IA. The only way to find what our soils
want is to study them by careful obscrva-
ton and experiments. Success in farming
as in other business requires the use Of
brains.
We are fortunate in haYing men in Yer
mont who are able and willing to study
these problems nationally and with good
measure of success. The succeeding arti
Giles will give some Of the results.
w. o. ATwATER.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

Have you paid your dog tax?" One
dollar paid in March does it, if you wait
TIL April it takes two. A dollar is worth
saving if the dog is a good one, and he
won't be any the poorer dog if one dollar
pays for him instead of two.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

The value Of manure made by feeding a
ton of corn-meal is estimated at S6.65.
showing that the profit in feeding meal is
far from being derived from the flesh pro-
duced.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
University OF Vermont and State Agri-
cultural COLLEGE.
YIELD ExrEnIMExrs wIrH FEErn1zERs

In this article and others to follow. Prof Atwater
aims 10 draw from the field experiments superintend-
ed by the university some lessons on the value and
use Of commercial fertilizers in Vermont 1t s hoped
that farmers will find herein answers 10 questions
which they are asking, Questions on which further
information is desired may be addressed to and
private communication.
NJ II. BUcKHAM President.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

In busting. use soft cloth instead of a
brush or wing; the cloth will catch all
the dust, and you can shake it from the
window, while the others set it floating
again.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

Each package contains DIR Sanford's Improved In
hanE Tube, aud full directions for its III all cases
Price, 90 Sold by all whorsa and retail druxyiss
and dealers throq hout thu United States aud Cana.
sale Druggists, Boston, Mass.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24

International Dairy Fair.

If one-half you and others say about the
above fair is true, hope you will continue
TO expose il until dairymen at least will let
it severely alone hereafter. How they
came to be so humbugged this time with
out speaking out rs you have done is a
mystery. But perhaps some of them re-
ceived more attention and were more lib.
orally sailed than you were. which nc
counts for their silence and your grunlblinq.
There were two exhibitors from Caledo-
donia county-one a boss dairyman with
half-dozen packages and a letter OF
introduction to the salt firm; the other
was farmers wife who sent one pack
age. The boss got twenty-five dollars and
in honorable mention for his time and eX-
penses, while the farmers wife remained
at home and received fifty dollars on her
single package. If the dairymen of the
country will be humbugged by the New
York Sa'tmen, all l have to say is, let
them do it. Served them right.
j. LAWRENCE.
REMARKS.
We would say to Friend Lawrence and
all others that we have no fault to find
or criticism to offer on the awards. They
may or may not have been Justly awarded,
The butter which is honestly judged the
best by one committee might not be
Judged best by another committee.
What we objected TO was the lack of
efficient management, goods heing enter
ed as late as Friday. when it was stated
positively that no entries would be made
after Monday noon; the careessness with
which goods were handled; that cattle
aud rank smelling cheese should be kept
in close juxtaposition 10 butter, which
experts say is SO sensitive to bad smells :;
that as far as any comparison of butter
was concerned, the packages might as well
have been empty, as they were covered
and fastened.
The way is not for Vermont dairymen
to stay at home, but to take hold and
right the wrong.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
? A 7 I N 7 5

acknowledgements in the United States. Canad
and Europe, at reduced rates. With our principa
Office located in Washington, directly opposite til
UntedSaes Patent Office, we able to attend to
PatentB usinesswith ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS despatch
and than patent attorneys who are
d!stancefrom Washington and who have, therefore
to employ associate attorneys" We make prelim :
mary examinations and furnish opinions as to Pat
entabity trceof charge, and all who are interested
in newinvenons and Patents are invited to send for
ncopy of our Guide for Obtaining Patents, (which
s'entfree to any address, and contains complete in
structionsh VITO obtain Patents and other valuab-
matter. We're erto the German American National
Bank Washington, d. c.; the Royal Swedish, Nor
weEain and Danish Legations, at Washington: Homo
Joseph Casey late Chief Justice s. Court of Claims
tothe Officials of the U. Patent Office and to Sena-
Vors and Members of Congress from every State.
Address. LOUIS DAGGER Il CO., Solicitors of
Patents and Attorneys at Law, lie Droit Building
WASHINGTON, d. G. FM6tf
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-24
WHITE BRONZE MONUMENTS
A Grand improvement.

All persons about tOnurchase Monuments, Head
Stones, Tablets Re, will lind it for their iutert ST to
first examine and see sample Monuments and spec-
mems of White Bronze work at my residence Berlin
street.
We row make nearly 200 different styles of Monu-
nents from IT to 20 TT in hclght at prices from 81 ~
to SO 500; in style diversified that all we think VIII
be able to select what will ulv suit their taste Our
tatuary alone is worthy of the highest nsideratiuu
Y now embraces many beautiful figures both for
adults aud chldren's Monuments. We also make
Medalons, Portrait Busts Soldiers Statue, feet
high to be placed on soldiers Monuments Urns.
VASES and Bouquet HOLDERS, for Cemeteries and
LdrnS; Corner markers for Cemetery Lots, Flow
FRS Bouquets Wreaths Lambs, Doves Century Plants.
Odd Fellow and Masonic Emblems and Cemetery
Ornaments in almost endless variety; also Signs
Door Plates, Numbering Letters for buildings, &c &c.
per and cast; actually Thicker and Stronger IL
Material than Bronze Statuary that has stood GHip.
pared Tor thOusdnds of years: and pronounced by
scientists to be the best material now i'll for Gene.