The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1880-02-20

AtANtSA BioiONb NSlpli'tiAiS DOtAtOHS vi
the paper beneath, while the other parts
| are bleached white. A wash in solution
of gallic acid now changes the protected
lines into beautiful blue-blnck, form
ing, in fact, real ink
a lake, so long IS it is not frozen, is a
reservoir of heat, which tempers the cold
of winter. DIR. Forel calculates that the
heat evolved from the lake of Geneva
during five days of extreme cold In
December was equal TO that produced by
the combustion of 1,250,000 tons of coal.
The sky having been generally covered
with clouds during those five days, most
of the heat must have been retained IN
the lower atmosphere, and no doubt served
to mitigate, for that region, the cold that
was so severe elsewhere
Sir William Thompson lately suggest
ed that hot water might probably be
| economically distributed through the
streets of city in the copper tubes used
to convey electricity for power, the heat
being produced by the resistance of the
tube to the electric current. Prof. Geo
+. Barker has made experiments con-
firming the theory, and expresses the be-
lief that boiling water may be distributed
for heating purposes wherever the cleo
trio light is in use, without interfering
with the efficiency of the latter or in
creasing materially the expense.
The east coast of Hudson's bay is re-
ported to be undergoing very considera-
BILE changes in its level. Since the posts
of the Hudson Bay company were estab-
lishcd at the mouths of the various riv
ers there has been an increasing difficult
ty in approaching them with large crafts,
and this rising of the earth is estimated
at from five to TO ten feet within the last
hundred years. Similar changes have
leen observed on the west coast of the
bay, at the mouth of the Nelson and
Hayes rivers, near which is an island
called Mile Lands, now several feet
memory of man, was always submerged
at flood time.
effects produced by cold on cows milk,
and finds that the nearer the temperature
of the milk is kept to the freezing point
for twenty-fOur hours or more after being
drawn the more rapid is the collection
of cream and the larger is the quantity,
more butter being produced, while the
skinned milk, the butter and cheese are
of better quality. He thinks it probable
that the freezing arrests the evolution of
the living organisms which set up fer
mentatiOn and binders the changes which
are due to their growth. These facts in
dictate room for great improvement in
the methods of storing and preserving
milk, showing, as they do, the necessity
of extreme cleanliness and low tempera-
ture.
The desert of Sahara is the site of
once fertile region. 1t is supposed to
have been reduced to its present state by
the removal of its forests-its climate be-
ing greatly affected thereby.
a German philosopher has sought to
determine by experiment the amount of
carbonite acid exhaled from the lungs.
He finds an adult man 10 exhale twelve
grammes per hour when in repose !;
twenty-four grammes per hour when
in active exercise. From the lungs of a
tippler in repose but seven grammes
were thrown out, and eleven grammes
when in exercise.
Are the oceans disappearing is,
doubtless, rather surprising question to
most persons; but the question has been
asked and answered affirmatively. The
studies of NJ. Trantschold, of Moscow.
upon the matter leads him to these con-
clusions: 1. In proportion as certain
parts of the earth's crust rise from the
bottom of the sea above its level, the lat
ter must be lowered. 3 The surface of
nearly all the continents has been at one
time the bottom of the sea. 1t rises from
the water partly by reason of upheavals,
partly because of the retreat of the ocean.
3. As continents are formed, part of
the water of seas is transported to them
in the form oflakes, rivers, eternal SHOWS,
glaciers, and organized substance. Ow-
ing to these actions the water of the
ocean has diminished in constant man.
ner, and its level has been lowered. 4.
In proportion as the earth cools, ice
accumulates near the poles and on our
mountains, water is imbibed more deep
ly in the terrestrial crust, and the forma-
ton of hydrated minerals is manifested
everywhere. 1t results from all these
facts that since water existed on the
earthS surface the level of the sea has
been gradually lowered.
The weather is an ever-pressnt topic of
interest, rendered unusually attractive
by the anomalies of the present season.
Generally considered, the earth's eli
mate may be said to have two sources
the heated belts of the equator and
the cold districts of the poles Between
these regions currents of air are constant
ly circulating. The cold arctic currents
sweep to the tropics, chilling the lands
over which they pass, while the mild
winds from the equator exert a::corres-
ponding influence upon local tempera-
ture. 1t has been claimed that mild and
cold winters may be directly traced to
the prevailing winds-it being found
that an air current once established in a
general direction north or south often
continues during an entire season, with
brief variations. If this is the case, the
| discovery of the laws governing the cir
culation of the air currents and their dis
turbance will be an important advance
in meteorology. Prof Piazzi Smith, the
eminent astronomer of Scotland, believes
mild seasons to be due to solar influence.
He suppoSes the heat waves to attain
their greatest degree shortly after min
imum of spots on the sun (the last sun
spot minimum was passed some months
ago); the cold waves to be due TO ter
restrial causes. Like other sun-spot
theorists. Prof. Smith points to remarka
BILE condolences of the '.sun-spot period'
of ten or eleven years and the supposed
cycle Of warm and cold seasons.