The Russellville Democrat., 1880-06-10
FACTS FOR FARMERS.
Round Headed App1e-Tree Borer-R Raising
 Peanuts--Interesting Items.
nouNn- HEAnrn APpIE.TREE f,o.nsffii.

| AstSt.
 | The eggs are deposited in the bark of the tree, the beetle puncturing or split | ting the bark of the tree upwards and
 downwards and little sidewise, the l puncturing looking very much as if made with an ordinary posket-knife. The eggs are usually injected into this punctare so deep as to be out of sight,
 but not always. On young and thln-
 parked trees the eggs will be pushed in next to the wood, but in older and
 thicker parked trees, they will only be through the hard outer bark and the in ner soft bark.
 AS soon as the eggs begin to hatch,
 which is in few days after being de- posted, its enlargement causes the pune ture to open. and thereby it is much
 easier to be detected. The young borer
 hatches out in the inner side of the egg and eats circular piece the size of a l half-dime, and then starts of, boring upward at first, but sometimes sidewise or downward. At this stage of develop ment it is easy to detect the young dep- redator by few drops of discolored l juice of the tree exuding from the pune ture and sticking on the bark. The larva usually bores down below the ground surface to winter, and up again in sum-. mer, living in the larva state in the tree nearly tw o years then boring out in the | form of the beetle, ready to repeat it's round again. ts9f z
 The remedy have successfully used is to keep the ground around the trunks | of the trees clean and mellow, so that | there will be no CT acks or openings there | for beetles to get in to lay their eggs in the tree, and so that the puncture where the eggs are laid or young beetles hatch ing, may be easily seen, and eggs or in sects destroyed, which can be done, while in the egg, by merely pressing I firmly on the puncture with knife blad (the cracking of the egg can be | heard distinctly,) and if matched, by cutting away the dead bark oyer the little cavity first eaten out, and killing | the young worm. " Rs&s{EE f @
 The borers do not go into the wood much the first year, and can be easily l followed with the knife; but if not taken out soon alter hatching they seriously injure, if not entirely kill the tree, especially when they run around just under the bark, as they sometimes do; | or, when several borers are in small tree, they so Injure it that itbreaks over with the wind.
 If the ground is we'll cleared and pat ted down smooth around the trees about l the last of June, the destroying of the eggs and young borers will be much more certain AA' &z4tA AAt
 The trees should be examined twice or perhaps three times a year, if the 1 borers are very numerous, in order that the first matched may be killed before they do serious injury to the trees. August, September and October arc the months in which to destroy them. They seem to infest certain parts of an orchard 1 from year 10 year, while other parts are l comparatively exempt Low grounds | have been m ore ifested with them than | higher parts of the orchard. A man can usually examine and kill all eggs and l Dorers in 800 or more trees per day, if 1 the ground has been property prepared and no work in my orchard has been so absolutely necessary. V @e.,.-. '-. 1 avArl RAISING PEANUTS. sgYfs ago t Peanuts are not as delicious eating as ! the nuts that are produced on trees and l bushes. They have, however, their ad- vantages A crop of them may be har- vested the fall ater the seed is planted, while it is necessary to wait many years l for a crop of those kinds of nuts that are produced on trees A large propor-' ton of most nuts is hard substance that can not be eaten. Most nuts are hard to crack, but the thin soft shell of the peanut is very easily removed. They require to be roasted before they are in condition to be eaten, but this opera tion is easily performed in a common sorn-popper. t.... ,..,,.
 The peanut is of tropical origin, but by slow degrees it found its way into a semi-tropical and temperate portions of the globe, It was brought from Africa to the Southern States, and was culti- vated there many years before the civil war, which was the means of popular
 izing it in all parts of the union. Dur | ing the past few years peanuts have been | North and South Ca-olina, Virginia and Tennessee. Their cultivation on a limited scale has extended throughout all the Southern States and into most of the States bordering on the Ohio river. Within the past two years they have been raised, more for curiosity than for profit in nearly all the Western and Mid | dle States. .,... ..,s.,.,.
 It seems certain that the. peanut, like sweet DO ato, will be acclimated to a
 northern latitude. The plant is hardy
 and is easily raised. It has a long tap
 root that enables it to grow in times of severe drought, A soil that is some
 what sandy is best adapted to its growth.
 If it contains considerable iron or dark
 colored vegetable matter the pods will
 have bad appearance. It should be
 moderately rich and well pulverized.
 In raising peanuts on small scale it is
 customery to throw up small ridges about
 two and half feet apart. It best s
 remove the pods from the nuts before | planting them, care being taken not to break the skin that surrounds them. I Four seeds are usually dropped III hill, but only two plants should be allowed to grow. t. g,.sv o.s, Bs ,s,.-t-.f si 4 .,gs, | The geneIal culture of peanuts is sub hstantially the same as that generally given to sweet potatoes. The ground I must be kept free from weeds and grass during the entire season, If the patch
 is small, all the work should be done
 with haad-hoe; if it is large, the culti-
 vator may be used between the rows.
 The blossoms proceed from, branches
 near the ground, and as soon as pods are
 formed, the flower stems turn toward the earth and the pods are buried be-
 meath it.. The pods will mature better ii some light earth is drawn over them
 with hoe as soon as they begin to forsl.
 The entire season is required for the
 pods to mature. Late in the fall tue
 plants are pulled with the roots
 and pods that are attached to them.
 They are cured in the sun few days,
 I