Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1880-10-21

zine influence is conveyed rom the antiIerS I
0 the ovary. While the wheat is in bios
ON the ovary is seen to consist Of II semi
almost colorle-s glohular little
,ndy, sur,nounttd by Il two branch teatAery
)ume, formed OF The style and stigma. the
lse OF which is t" receive the pollen grains
and retain them while the pollen tubes are
gr wing dowuvar in the ovary in search
Of the "vule~. The ovaly of wheat, like
that of all cereals and grasses, contains
only one ovule. and alter fertilization the
style and stigma wilher away, while the
formulated Ovayy, with its solitary ceed. in
crcases radiu!y TO many times its original
size. and ultimately to"tls the ripe grain.
Ot wheat.
The structure Of the wheat grain is best
understood by studying it in connection
viii, tile examination of some more typl-
caliy developed tru!. such, for example, as
The llrlpe This latter is Il succuIent il-
uel-ctn'. our.>reded irui', such as the
plum, d;mson. cherry, nectaIine. peach.
green gage. apricot. and the almond and
walnut i. f re their hu>ks are ne uoyeu. A
blackberry Ur Il rtl> l>pbriry consists uta great
Number OF stlch drupeS agg egaed int" a
spherical ueld. Ii amy one OF these fruits.
as the tl;n>on or cherry, here j. Iir>t Il Thin
transparent oHter skin. then Il thick. ile>lly.
surcuIent layer, coli>ti ,ng the edible part.
md Then the hard shells. inside which j. e
ftfhasa I'M n ,t iIia 81; IN flesh and
shell. f,rm collectively the ptricarp peri.
around, cu,pon. !. irui,) J, and every tally de-
vtlopeu fruit is made up OF Il ptl'icarp sur
rounding and iuclosing one or more seeds
When, as in the cherry, the different layers
Of the pericarp are well defined and largely
developed, they receive distinctive names !;
The outer skin is the epicarp (ept, upon.
carpon, truil). the middle tle>hy part is
the mesocarp (1neso. mdllr) aud the inner
most hard shell is the endocarp (eados with
in); in other words the pei icarp 10 made up
OF ppicarp. lnesocarp. ami enlocarp. Sup
pose in the cherry the skin aud flesh TO be
removed and the "stone' cracked, there
falls out the true seed, a solitary one III this
case. Reverting NOW to The grain OF wheat.
which at this time of year is especially easy
of examination with the aid of penklift.
we find no difficulty in separating ah outer
skin from the soft young gram. This out
er skin is the pericarp, and properly manlp-
ulated under the microscope it can be sep
al;,ted into an outer, middle. and the i'll
ner layer, representing, respectively the
much differentiated epicarp, mesocarp and
endoearp Of the cherry. In all h"rnIal
fruits these three layers Of the pericarp are
present, and this being so, the relative de
gree of development 0, the several layers is
Il matter of trivial importance, leading only
70 distinctive differences between Var"us
forms of fl it. The whole OF the pericarl
NAV be peeled off the grain, and it is no
tce;, IL that there Games away with 1t a
the upper part a small silky structure, Which
is the Withered remnant ot the plunoS'
style and stigma. The portion OF The grail
that now remains is the true seed, and i
equivalent to the seed that falls out OF tht
cherry stone, the trivial difference between
the fruit Of the cherry tree and that OF th'
wheat plant depending solely on the rei;l
tvs degree of Development OF The SeVei;l
parts. in the tor.ner those structures apper
tanning to the fruit proper attaining by Ia
the greater Development i'll the latter th
adverse being tile case.
The structure of the seed OF the whea
plant is at once understood by bearing il
; mind the several parts c"n>ti, ,uing Il pea "
. a bean, each of these being true seeds, tn
} envcloping pod being The perlcerp. "A bea
sotteneu in water is found to possess tw
coats. the outer one being called tesla (testo
, shell) and the inner. a mord delicate one
the enGopleura (endos, within. pteu'a. wall
After these are removed there remain
: nothing but the embroy of the future plan
r with its two thick, tesl'y cotyledons q
seed leaves, between which are The y"''h
= stem and root. This seed. then, consists
: nothing but two coats aud the embryo. |
: the grain OF wheat. alter removing the per
= carp we similarly meet with two dtllca'
2 seed coats, the teSta and the end"ple'lra' o'
: they are so thin and SO closely adherei
Ia