The Red Cloud chief., 1880-01-29

gefher. The top Of The border When
knishea ought "a BE- af kass . fous ht<h.
CT than the surface IL Lhe gruen.l IS
that IL may sill rcrsAin higher sfer s~t-
uing. Wheaa southern espassrr vhick
gives the vines The benehi a The sun'.
rays al dsy can not be gsined an ezs-
efn exposure viii often &c fEand s1r-
ce>sful. especially with she early rp~n-
ing varieties A northern exposure
coghs 81 be syuided IL posSfbie. and IL
used the hardy. early ripsaing varieties
oniy should be Planted.
rHE rrxruKE OF THE >otL.
TIN mechanical coHdiiioa 81 the sol l.
1t such importance that sitholt the nec-
e<sayy texture 10 erups can ~ rsi~ed.
This Is the ca-e with pure clay. wish
clear Sand. and also ~iih soil. COMPOSED
wholly Of lump. and pellets. sand Is
ipo porous; clay too compact; the
plant withsrs amid elods. Unite the
clay and sand. and the complexion il az
once changed; We how have ~pil. The
porosity In the one ca~e IL
lessened-,he rigid oompsetness in
the other. This same soil may be
brought into the lumpy condition BY
blowing when wet, followed immedi.
ately by q no, sun which bakes IL, then
rc-plowed and narrowed. II worked,
however, when neither too wet nor too
dry. and exposed 10 the elemenis-frosi, I
heat and rain-it win be In n condition.
not Ia grow crops (Which il may do la
q slight eStent), nut Tn receive manure.
The manure farther acts upon the soil
chemically, and Also mechanically, To
reduce il To n mellow condition. II thus
requires the manure Ia perfect the
texture. The soil Is now neither too
light O 90 heavy, too porous nor too
compact. II is in 4 condition which Will
freely admit air and moisture, and
hence warmth and additional fertility.
readily dischsrging the water If la eX-
cess, yet retaining some through It's
established capillary processes. The soil
Is now fitted for the plant. hugging it,
roots snugly by the tineness and clos.
ness u its particles. thus increasing the
contact with the roots and the conse-
quent enlargement of absorption. The
also have freer play, which gives
them farther chance for oniac and alb
sorption. II the soil has depth, the
benefit Is still farther augmented, and
large-growing plants, where the
highest success would he reached, depth
Is necessary. We now have a deep, rich
soil, which will grow any thing. and
most things Ia perfection. The different
proportions Of clay and sand are 10 be
in the treatment of the soil
and the assignment Of its crops. There
is little difficulty in retaining the proper
of sandy soil, as il readily dries,
and is soon iii Ia work. With clay IL j.
different. Ii takes longer for the water
To pass off after . rain, or in the spring.
and it Is always hurtfui in spring or
summer In plos it when wet, or work il
in any way when wet. IL turns UP
greasy, which sand does not, and the
will dry it hard. This hurts the tex
ture, not for that season alone, but for
years. 1t is said that frost will correct
II will 10 n certain extent. The
has known the Jumps Ia last
Tor years in pasture, and when turned
down the soil was hard, and worked up
again. The true way in treating
clay land is in working 1t when just
moist enough 10 crumble. Or it NAV be
drier, and after a rain has suili-
moistened the clods, the harrow
may be applied to reduce them. 1t VIII
found the Jumps yield readily. The
thing is to keep it in proper
condition. This can only be done by
continuing the means that made it so
liberal working and at the right time.
and keeping up the fertility, especially
with clay, which is also benefited in tex
.ure by turning down green crops, or
he use Of ~barnyard manure, rather than
fertilizers; and the most Of our
northern soil is Of this clayey character.
The plan Of applying sand To clay soil. -,
70 as 10 materially benefit it, is general ,
y out Of the question on account of the /.
,ost. Luckily we have manure to aid
n this, and at the same time furnish en-
ichment. The farmer who makes the :
use Of implements, especially in
and fixing the soil, and does il =
udiciously, is the best farmer. BY this
method alone he improves the texture
4 his land, and increases its fertility, %
hat it requires less m To secure the |
end, while on the other hand n
reelected or abused soil, lumpy or .
lard, requires proportiOnally more ma
Iure.-F. g., Fort Pain, NJ. T., ia Coan- =
~ Gentleman.