davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1880-11-06
MFRS. II. KAHN,
Dealer in
STAPLE&F FANCY GROCERIES,
Cigars, Liquors, Etc.,
Second Street, Natchltoches, Ii.

At tho above establishment can be
found ut all times largo aud varied ~
sortment of oil goods usually kept 10 .
firet. class store, Oh Of which 40 so!d Of
tho very lowest possible rates. Ce!l :nd
go for yourselves. ans. l%H'
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1880-11-06

LEON HlBSM Z CO.,
g. l. TEN BROCK |
LIVERY. AND SALE STABLE,
st. Denis Street,
Natchitoches. La.
We alw.ys keep ssood supply Of Tie best
lllNlSS AID SADDLE 1ollIS
Which W hire, either With q without
drivece. q the most reasonable ratea 10
the Feed Department 10 always keep %
abundant sapply Of
Good Provender !!
And careful, attentive Hostlen, thu
10 can guarantee satisfaetiou iovafisoly::
In The dale Department W 40 prepared
1t I'll times 70 cell
Hacks, Carriages and Boegle'
l Az q low rates - they can DO had 10
North Louisiana, and will make II Il
your interest every time to give %
trial before ordering from any ono else.
HORSES AND MULES
Bought and Sold On Commission to tn
greatest advantage.
COMMERCIAL fRAvELERS
H.,.iahaa Vjth toano atroaee0ab)o mt
n long expeeisaes of LEON HIS,
lin - Livery basines, and his e!ce
.1nSv a 10 nature and diseases At Ho'
, ~. Xhs1il1e hin In olssing bic 0sevtee
~ VFTIRlNARY oUH0EON 70 q
seesle q this community.
:. "a hayo Tho o0eo q To Stag Au
~ Tsa Beeeek 0table, whses poc.a(
- = secured - WaitSA Pleasant HUI
Ns.s6a0. Ksochi, rslos96, ehrsvspos
~ IN inteeneaists peints.
Respectfully,
Nayl-lI. LEON 0sAA Gu.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1880-11-06

NOTICE.
T HAVE Just received, and an CONSTANT
/ " receiving . large assortment q
aroo Q r 1 q .,
which offer to the trade at the lowest
cash prices.
viii find it to their interest to call on
ma. "A am determined not to be under
sold. ,..
I will sustain no losses from credit
customers, All goods win he sold on
their own merits, for CASH ONLI:
Sept. 25-3m. y. w. AlLh'
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1880-11-06
NATCHITOCHES, La, NOVEMBER 6, $780,
cases where the rate % very tempt.

Inc.
Iae nesto s ~ S"1 Ell" ~ ~ ~" s~
IA nisceS In Vhich 20 place their
little saviugs, and among tho moro
INDUSTRIOUS sna .i !a1 81 hs,, 49, ~
o ~.% y. % : s,n.Ii nIots ~ Isnd' Ths
average price docs not exceed $50 to
$500. but . feW have managed 70 g.
cumulste sufacient means TO pur.
chase more valuable property. ~.
Rents have. until !ately. been 1ien.
but tho reaction ftom tne sudden
rise has caused them 70 M @ . ~.
OF figure than that q when sney
were held the previous spring. 20 "
would Be With the prices Of prepetty
II . sudden ana unvestanteo tloe
chou!d % maze ~ 5eeA essese 0"nsss
10 so!e Guy. - =. -, .,.a. IA.
6ololoe @1c9 H. . - ~ ..1 49, ~"
gone Up. and laooei okllleQ eng otoel:
wise. o. account O too aomesgo ~ ny ny
frequent otsIkeo y or @ty. ~ II! VI
, 1880-07-25
TNIGHTS-TEMPLAR.


a Grand Program for Their Enter
.tainment-An Appeal. to the Gem
eroxtty Of Our Citizens. i
The preparations for the Knights -Templar'
Triennial Conclave, commencing Aug. II.
are rapidly going forward, and the indica~
tions are that 1t will bring more strangers to
the city than were ever here before at any
one time.
The Committee having in charge the ar
rangemen1s have SO far raised about $4,000
toward the expenses of the gathering. and
calculate that about $50, GOO more Will be
needed. They nave also arranged the pro-
gram Of exercises, and prepared an address
10 the public embodying it, which is given
bellows.
CHICAGO, July e5.-1o the People Of Chicago:
The Tricnnial Committee of Knights s-Templur
upon by the Finance Committee and asked to
contribute money towards defray1nE the cx-
pense incident to the entertainment OF Templar
guests aud strangers who will be present in the
City Of Chicago Aug. IT, II, Is, and 10 next, We
hare faith III the generosity Of the people OF
heoS paf no IN ue hesf viii Geera 10 an 6
i:ss Gun use advantsgpoasiy ] s,sso6o Il expended,
money @ 70 you x give vii be esteemed US personal
donation: it will in fact be only an exchange.
While We depend wholly upon your generosity
as citizens Of Chicago, and know TINT the mere
matter of dollars and cents will rot influence
you where your hospitality is concerned, yet for
your information we announce that one OF tho
most reliable statisticans in Chicago haS given
it his opinion that those who vii! visit us will
expend directly and Rersonally sM44QUo M IN our our
city in four days. The amount which we say
Of this total. While it nay be urged that these
strangers receive an 1mmedtnte Person1i benent
for The nt 2 tha stea tbs4 %1t
expend the amount here. Our entertain
ment Of these guests should be commensurate
the rarity Of such events, The Triennial Con-
ciaye Of the Grand Encampment was held in
Chicago twcnty-one years ago, and the twenty
first TriennIal Concla. e of the GRIND Encamp-
ment will occur IN August, bringing to our city
Representative Icmplar citizens from every
State in the Union. Canada. and abroad.
tainment we hope to extend. IT. depends upon
your generosity as citizens whether we can real-
iTe What rs aare denominated a srrises lce , ct
have occasion, to feel proud, because we shall
have surpassed in many ways anything which
has ever occurred upon this continent il not in
~, MONDAY, AUG. 18.
Receiving and escorttng visiting command
cries. Three receptions will be given ut 8
o'clock p. m, at each of which Tempfar guests
who may have arrived will be welcomed One
Of these receptions viii be given at he @ new
G Mase aaotef w be- Of ryea fsete
1u1ck's Hall, corner ct North Clark and Kinzie
streets; the third will be given at Farwell Hail.
street For each Of these receptions speaking
and musical program will be arranged
TUESDAY, AUG. II. -
AT 10 o'clock a. N. prompt; grand parade ana
review By the Most Eml1ent Grand Master. ana ~
asylum on Lake-Front Park On the shore OF
Lake Michigan.
At o'clock grand yacnt % regatta @ on the Lake
- At2 o'clock .. M, and hourly thereafter until
O'Clock p NJ, there will be boat excursions
, 1880-07-25
COIN nlsc0VERlES,

NEW YoBK, July: M.-The excitement In
the gold region Of Fulton and Hamilton
Counties, New York, is said to be becoming
quite high. Several veins have been found
that promise well, and samples have assayed
SIS per ton. A company. at We}lstown is
said to be realizing sl5o per ton, and "belief ~
is entertained that 81, ooo-ton takes are to be
found: The Albany, argus says: There
is no doubt that gold abounds throughput
and and perhaps at no distant day itwiIlb eager
ly sought by miners, speculators& sl+aqI, 21d adn
mining life win Ia transported to the midst
of civilization. Is sal before, claims are
1eing made nearly every day, and many ot
the claimants do not trouble themselves with
such small matter as waiting until they
have made discovery Of anything; M but thgt, e.
can, trusting to luck in finding vein after
ward. Thus; out of numerous claims a.
ready filed, there are very few OF any value,
and these few really promise rich rewards
for their OWnerS.'
, 1880-07-25

From private letter from Washington the
following Interesting note is Acducetl:; Prof. a.
S. Packard, Jr., Of the United Stures Entonlologt-
cal Commission, is on his way to Utah and Mon
taua to close up the work Of the Commission Us
regards the Rocky Mountain Locust. be nus
also sent out q special agent, Mr: Lawrence
Drllner, via Bismarck by stage to Fort keogh
and thence to Central and Northern Mon
tuna. Prof. Cyrus Thomas is en- route
for Manitoba md Dakota, and other
agents OF the Commission Will trnsel
through the Northwestern Territories to
Gust during Il normal year, where it is not cs-
pecialiy abundant. The facts will be incorpo-
irted in the third report Of tho Commission, the
second being now In tho hands Of the printer
Unfermented Canadian barley malt and fresh
hops nre the ingredients Of Malt Ditters.
, 1880-07-25
FRANQuE.
For The Chicago Tribune.

For The CAtcugo Tribune
When clasp thy ha1d at parting,
lean see thu red tide starting,
Ting1ng check, and neck, and chin, into dusky
softencd hue;
feel sure that may borrow
SOlHce from thy smile Tomorrow.
Tho it grieves me: that my heart can only bali
believe thee true. ;:
= Changeable rs Suu1mer- Weather, e-,
Shade and sunshine blcut together,
All the mysteries OF Nature find embodiment II
thee;
Fate may find thee kind and tender. =:
~ tFrom thy wrath may luck defend herb
I have oft discovered talons where the velvet
ought to he!
Hunn1cAsE HALL. July, 1ssaL AVIS GRAY.
, 1880-07-25

I.arkin's average Of earned runs scored OF his
pitching was no less than eco In the four games
be pitched fn> In the average Of fewest base
sInith secoud. and Bradley third, thus showing
better field support by the Chicago team than BY
TINT of Providence.
, 1880-07-25

BALL GOSSIP.
The Michigan Central nine beat the Bradner
Smith s. Co.'S yesterday tot- :"
The Lord, Stoutcnburgh & Co. beat the Nor
xtson, Plumnner & Co nine u to II yesterday:
Goldsnfth's illness has deprived Chicago Of his
valuable services for the present. Poorman has
, 1880-07-25

Two-base hits-1rwin e., Gore.
Three-baEe hits-1rwin, Stovey-
First base on bals-Worcester, l.
First hnse on errors-Worcester, 2: Chicago, l.
Struck out-Corey, Tobin e., Corcoran, Flint.
Balls called-Richmond, 90; Corey, Is; Cor
coran, 10l.
Strikes called Richmond, II; Corey, 2; Cor
coran. TO-.
Double plays-Whituey, Creaner. and Tobln-
Left on bases-Worcester, 2: Chicago, g.
Passed balls-Benuett, l: Williamson, /.
11me-Two hours and thirty minutes.
umpire-Murphy.
, 1880-07-25

: a Daily. Daily, except Sunday. tDallr 49,
Saturday: a4tI. except Monday: *"ee9s -
Coaeass heswssn Chieaxo, Dos Mones Cou,tH Hss mses
1 Gm ha St Jo.sPh: Atchisoa' TOPEKA, I'd Eassss
Recllntug Chars, hetween Chicogo aad Esn.s, 1s ~
T., B T. Q. Din ing~cazs attached 70 III trslass'
r.:
Ch7rnEo, Milwaukee II st. Pa11 R.,fx,,.v,: -:
"Pa4- Handle" Depot, corner Clinton md r.s...
eta ~Tlcke: Oticos. c3 Ctark-st> Pnlmsr T"a' Tn
GIund PucIHG Hotei. and 1T Deunt AlaS
, 1880-07-25

.yidfue Anp1e accommodahons for an we ,as, 90
sire to do so to take un excursion on tne laAg R,
At O'clock p. m.- a Grande Recepu9.t nra- ,'a
seale ct Dansate % be Gg9n Dhicago
1nnandery, n and St Bernard Commander Knights n
Temp1ur, sta toned at Cn1cagq; ;1 ~ psrS This
position building on ta5e a5cecd,nmndatine ST"ms 1900
= WEDNESDAY, AUG. is. ~.
At $3.50 o'clock a. M the CRANE comPe.at.sS
Elub Park. There will also be fraternity Rark cs
reception at the same place under tns
Of Apoen oq fge an vii be
md dfth prizes to the Communicated ct kn1gntts
epar exhibiting the the sa have
ndiuired IN order of merit as the first, seconds
third. fourth and fifth by the Judges of me ari;
special Prize e T sa Sc fSea Se I the
protcient III drill Of all competing mounted
Communicates. Should no mounted CotnEnaliu- anu
eEes the RzS9 o1 vii e tSen
i,o n,ySrlefl nsu special prize to the Commanuery
Of Knights -Tcmp1ar who shall be found 10 S1ana
sixth ii order Of merit by the Judges rhese
prizes will aggregate in value the amount OF
At9:3Q O'Clock a. N. also,-weather permitting,
there viii 6e day boat excursions upon Lake
Michigan to the crib. Evanston, South Chicago,
and elsewhere to points Of interest
D.
be moonlight boat excursions upon Lake
o'clock 2 g., a1So Ssetre tRsrs will asoeg be psr
Theatre. and other places Of amusement i9r tne e
gratuitous and complimentary entertainment OF
Tcmplar guests and their ladies, ul'der der the ,
auspices Of Apollo, Chicago, anu st. bernard
Upon tbs night also receptions may be held at
the different Cou,mandery headquarters; ,o.,.
After 1850 o'clock p. H., lasting nHtn U exoc9r
Il rt7.nd surprise which cnn .be witnessed by
5o0,oSo peopie,-an event which will never be
forgotten By those who witness 1t.
THURSDAY, AUG. d.
This day will be devoted to such entertam-
ments as the exigeuces Of the Ir1e1nia1 Cs,ii,
clave require foE tho pleasure Of those VINO still
announced. A probable grand surprise which, @
if carried out, will surpass anything Of the Kind
ever done IN the world. <,,.,-,
!. carried out? It depends upon you, The Ien- lem
pars Of Chicago besides doing M I'll tie tie w, w2rk,
date have subscribed $1,003 and We depend
upon the railroads who have not subscribed and
you for the rcmuinder- II you Will: send your
ton, President Fifth National uank, Treasurer'
to John Fl. Witbeck. Chairman Of Finance Com
mittee; or G. H. Blakcly, Secretary, W De1r-
but send your maximum nnount. Respect
fully, THE 1l1ESS1Ah COMMITTEE
NORMAN T. GAss5TTE, gGn;,.x,,,
GEO. II. Mou1roN,
Secretary.
The program, it will be seen, has been pre-.
pared On a grand scale, Chicago like. and all
Of ITS features are attraetlve: y on+a FOR tho g
G0,000 Invitations have been se1lt out, which
illustrates the magnitude Of what may be an
tiripaied.
n1+1-
, 1880-07-25

Leave A1tSe
Milwaukee Fast Mail. s.n !. ,,|s -
t,torUnaowoc Il Wuukcsh1 Exile I'm sa..r9 ~ a9 ~
Milwaukee, ST. P4aI sE Mime is1a.r NJ, ~ "
apoll4 Express trains ,~.... an nn.H rr;jnst1
Grou Bay, Neuasha. md Ap- slt:Gl ~: s3s e
plet0u Express trains. S19 s%4 IL III la
Milwaukee, Madison, Prutric Iui' '~p n.y. 'ae ~
Chen Iowa, rnd Uukota Ex...,+ gu NH IN II
Stevens Point and Ashland E1. n 9J0 B c1 IN n
MllEeuk9e, Madison. aud Prairiet ~ =
du Cllon Express. {"lg:m mt Css II
Libertyviil0 Accommodation II G:Ij pms G3 Il
EsIStn Gxprass. VII ams Is ~
byron passenger 4:M pm sp3 IN
El.in t91s Passenger Sis r1s IL II
Sunday Passenger (Esxn}. 5aU nm. Nd8aa
, 1880-07-25

All trims run vim Milwaukee. Tickets fot u Inf
and Minneapolis are Hood either via Aatsoa -
Prairie dn Qhteu, or via La Cross and Wunnx ~
FNtuoIs CeutFu1 RnJ1roas- <ss.s$.ss; :s*.s$..ssSs5s;
Depot foot OF 1ako-xt and foot of Twsntr-4es
Ticket Onjce. LII Itaudoph-5s, Near Ctatis Hf,1f
Pacihc Hotel. and Palmer House <;7:F.&:.
, 1880-07-25

Gen. Wright will send his last books to
Washington tomorrow, and in a day or two
his late desk in the Government Building
will be vacant.
, 1880-07-25
!: I: ..:: RAILROAD T1uR.rz--
ARRIVAL And DEPARTURE 0P fRI6f:: !

-. :. '" VI LINN
i"A.IEx
:sp,a1 ExPLASAT!ox ,H or RETERExcE MAsx~,, r.;
fDxily. *aondaY e1saat3
-
xssenso 4 yerth.vestera ,<.,, III: !: :
observation-disclosures nnniv Ana11e.Iahle4 a1 Wessss =
Grand Pnc;ftc IfotaHi Hp'{ .ot % and y EeRnE &,
A9eA@aSt EVlAGE Ik0aQofph and at1fr e14fa =
- e-e aspot1 -
l1ea7e~ L. ::
nSt%aT fst1 Vna91;;.;;::.............+1a r-
ai5up4aue bar Er. Vi. ;;;d;n;::....'n0 III III. kps
abubaqae Rzht IL "a "a eG{ln51a; Gln2n,; .W pa. ST
anos Noin1a Stsht s:E p@E rs e
d1ea olao* G1Ea1 Express. 9is Q&tttt 7:E =
, 1880-07-25

BOSTON VS.. BUFFALO. !:
Boston, July ss.--The Dostons badly defeated.
, 1880-07-25

ExPLAxAT1oy OF REFERENCE Mtpr. T.:
ef,s' eexfssEtea' 'sunday excepted :aonds,
, 1880-07-25

CkScu9o Il Worthvycate,n r.
For Maps. Gnltle-Kooks, Tmesmae!A !Aaatrssv i :: ::
ncconmedations: apply Ut n ~ sleephs :
GarfSeass Graa pasaS eaeI H3ts Rsints
House. q Canal-st. md 1t the dsn..te s1l. fsla&
, 1880-07-25

hdu&u3 LIIJs A3Gl1F0E q Z Q1U1Uf
t4xt Exprosa. Is1e:30 pn
Kunsns City Il santa Ee Nt1t1t Exit 9:tU pr
st, Louis SpfiuRtieId & Tens. IL 80 .
Mobile J. New Orleans Express II 9:0 II
st. Louis, Springfield It Texas-. Is Yau ?.
Peoria. Burltng- f4at ExprQss, a g.u 81
: ton It keokuk Er vir Chenoais 9:l0 pr
PekiQ Il Peoria Ex- Wis Jottet...-.l" |" y:U 4
Chicago i Paducah K R Ex......t t. 9:Up III
StseatQr, Lacun, WayhinGt'o E1. I'r:1 pl
Juliet j. Dwight tAccomm)dation.t~ u 5:W pI
, 1880-07-25

PROVIDENCE VS.. CINCINNATI.
PROVIDENCE, r. L, July 24--The gamts be-
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1880-07-17
THE MAGNETIC NEEDLE

Prof C. T. Patterson, United States
Coast Survey, has been explaining "why
the magnetic needle points to the north. D
There are some points omitted from his ex-
PLANTATION that are important, and tend to
settle difficulties relating to the question.
1t Has been determined by experiment that
magnetism is induced by an electrical cur
rent, and that the magnetic axis of such
induction is perpendicular to the plane of
electrical action. An electrical current is
in turn produced by the action of heat un-
der certain conditions. Several reasons 90
to show that the magnetic condition of the
earth is due to solar heat. First The
magnetic needle exhibits daily variation,
evidently depending upon the solar
day only. Second-Ihe needle shows a
larger annual variation, caused presumably
by the movement of the hot and cold belts
consequent upon the inclination of TIE
ecliptic to the sidereal equator. Third
There is larger variation corresponding
to the variation of those solar disturbances,
producing sun spots. A period of seven to
eleven years. The location of the north
magnetic pole at about 20 west, and &C.
30 north will probably be found to depend
upon First-The relative grouping of
mineral masses in the earth's crust Sec
ond-The relative position of the land and
water bodies. Third-The oceanic currents.
The magnetic poles would be permanent at
the geographic poles upon conditions, that
that the ecliptic and equatorial plane coin.
eide that the earth's composition be abso.
lutely uniform, and the arrangement oil
land and water symmetrical.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1880-07-17
MAGIC MIRRORS.

At the last meeting of the Physical So
ciety of Paris some new and curious ex
periments upon the so-called magic mirrors
of Japan were shown by NJ. Duboscq.
Mirrors having sufficiently true surface
to give fairly good virtual image of an
object held near to them, may yet be very
irregular in the actual curvature of the sur
face and produce very irregular real i'm
age Of luminous point reflected by the
mirror upon screen. If such mirror be
warmed, the thinner portions change their
curvat. re, becoming fatter, and yield
corresponding patches in the disk of re-
flected light. A mirror which gives very
imperfect effects when cold will. give very
good ones when heated. If, by means of
a condensing pump, a uniform pressure is
exerted against the back of the mirror, the
thinner portions are more affected than the
thick portions, and therefore, as viewed
from the front, become less concave than
the rest of the surface, the result upon the
reflected beam being that the pattern Of
the thicker parts comes out bright on the
darker ground of the image. Lastly, If a
mirror be cast upon the face of the Original
mirror, and then polished, it will wher
warmed become magic" mirror, though
when cold it yields only uniformly
| illuminated disk upon the screen. Thu
last experiment alone sufices to show thai
the cause of the reputed magical property
| is to be sought, not in any difference of re-
| Elective power in different parts of the sur
face, but in slight differences OF curyatur
| of the surface.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1880-07-17
A TINKER POET.

Moscow is now mourning the death of d
self-taught poet, whose career might have
afforded matter for chapter in Self
Help" Born forty years ago in a village
in the province of Yaroslavl, Ivan Sax
harovitch Surakoff was sent by his father,
at the age of 7, to serve as an errand boy
at Moscow. Here, in course of time, he
rose to be shopman, and aided by some
good humored customers, who used to fire.
quent the place where he worked, he made
himself familiarwith the three Rs, and with
that incarnation of all that is vile, the gram
mar Of his native language. While still in
a documentary stage of self-instruction,
poems of Hashkin, Lermentoff and Kolt-
soft, the latter of whom gave him his cue
as poet and afterward served as his model
in verse. As is not uncommon with the
parents of poets, neither his father nor
mother looked with favorable eye on the
verses which Surakof brought them after
while to Yaroslavl, and, in obedience to
their instructions, his master took such
pains to keep pens and paper, and the
means of buying them, out of his way,
that young Ivan was compelled to scribble
his early poems in pencil ON scraps of
waste paper. In 1862. by chance, Mos
COW journalist entered the shop to effect
a purchase, and finding some witty verses
scrubbed on his parcels went back and had
a conversation with Surakof which led to
the latter contributing some poems to the
Voskresni Dosoog. From that period his
contributions to the Russian press were
frequent, and by 1877 no less than three
volumes of his collected poems had APP
peared, chiefly dealing with life and scenes
at Moscow. 1t will surprise no one that
these productions. although so popular,
failed to furnish him with livelihood,
since literary career, precarious enough
in any country, is doubly so in Russia,
where readers are few and publishing ex-
pensive. Surakoff had the good sense,
therefore, to stick to his trade, and up TO
the day of his death he might have been
seen working in his little tinker's shop in
one of the markets of Moscow, surrounded
by the implements of his craft, and having
handy a sheet or two of paper for iotting
down any verses that might run in his
mind while soldering a pot or putting
patch on kettle.
Sacramento daily record-union. [volume] (Sacramento [Calif.]) 1875-1891, 1880-07-17
SAND.

Sands are derived originally from the de-
composition of the older rocks, either by
the action of running waters or by the
spontaneous decomposition of the rocks
themselves. They are technically distin-
guished from dust by the fact that they
sink at once to the bottom of water with
out leaving any sensible quantity in sus-
pension. The decomposition of the rocks
often gives rise to an agglutinating SUBJ
stance, which accompanies the sand and
binds it together but when acted upon by
the waters it soon parts with such heter-
ogeneous particles, and it arrives in com.
parative pure state in the beds of the prin-
cipal rivers. This purity is lost as the
rivers approach their embouchures /; for the
diminished velocity of the current allows
the heavier particles to subside before ar
irving there. The water then only carries
down the light earthly particles and the de-
caying vegetable matters which may fall
into it, thus giving rise to the formation OF
clay deposits. The constituent parts OF
sands represent faithfully the rocks whence
they are derived. Thus the granite rocks
produce sand the principal ingredients OF
which are quartz, feldspar and mica the
volcanic rocks are represented by sands in
Which lava, OISlO1dil, ClCs- dpiSet
fiat, soft-grained sand arises from the dis
Indignation of the schistose rocks; the
calcareous rocks, as might naturally be
expected from their soft nature, are those
which are least represented IN the series,
unless in the case of the silicious sands
arising from the communion of the fiints
so plentiful in some of the secondary
formations. The partial and secondary
revolutions of the globe have given rise to
immense formations OF sand in places where
rivers have long since ceased to flow. The
sand extracted therefrom is known under
the name Of "pit sand, to distinguish it
from that borne down by the rivers. called
river sand, and from the virgin sand, .
which remains in the places where formed,
without in any way suffering the action of
water. Pit sand is generally of sharper
and more angular grain than river sand,
but in all other respects its composition is
identical, excepting that it is occasionally
stained by ochres. Practically speaking
clean. sharp, coarse sand is best, and makes
the hardest plastering as a general rule,
and it is safe to rely on river sand, the
coarser the better, within reasonable linz
its. Lake sand is the same as river sand,
aud pit sand always makes good work
when the sand is clean and coarse II Cham
bers' Plasterers' Manual.