davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

soil, having two or more entrances and
apartments. Each animal, Shaker-like,
occupies its own apartment. This animal
does not seem to sleep from necessity, but
for the fun of il. A part of the winter it
spends in state of lethargy. and the other
part it feasts upon the ample store stolen
from the farmers field. Its food is prin-
cipally vegetable, but it sometimes devours
flesh. 1t is ferocious and untamable,
fighting its mates for pastime, and biting
even the hand that feeds it.
This animal. like most of the vicious
kind, is very prolific. producing three OF
four liltcrs of from six to twelve each
year. 1t is very clearly in its habits; it is
AN excellent climber. but very poor
walker and runner 1t is found in Siberia,
in Ctnada. in New York and in Vermont,
The mdrmot Is still another of the ro-
dent family. Its fore feet have four toes
each, all armed with sharp claws. and a
thumb with Il small fiat nail instead of 4
claw. Its hind feet have five toes with
strong, curved claws. The solcs are en-
| tirely naked, and the souls are wanting!
The European marmot is some eighteen
inches long. and OF grayish color. Its
form is clumsy and its movements slow
1t has but little sagacty. Living near the
snow line in the mountains of Europe
they burrow in families, and pass the entire
winter in sleep When they come out in
the spring, in search of We etable food
they placea sentinel near the burrow, into
which all retreat at the signal of danger
The circular chamber where the family
reside is approached by u narrow gallery
five or six feet long. They hibernate on
beds of dried grass. and when they lie
down for their long sleep they are very
fat, and when they come out in the spring
they are very lean. The mountaineers
sometimes use them in the autumn fol
food.
The Poland marmot is somewhat larger
than the common species, and Of II more
reddish tint. He burrows in the plains OF
less elevated districts in dry aud stony
soils-some thirty or forty in each family
Large quantities of dried grass are amass-
ed in these burrows.
The common name Of the American
marmot is woodchuck. The fur is thick
and very coarse.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

is also quite distinguishable from the
native. If the butter from a three-fourths
or seven-eighths or fifteen-sixteenths grade
be so greatly preferable. it should follow
that the butter of each grade should pre-
sent distinctive traits to Mr. Hyde.
We are led to these remarks by this be-
ing the first instance we remember ever to
have met where an expert protested to be
able to select the butter of u thoroughbred
from that Of IA grade. and that, too. when
such great difference exists between indi.
vidual cows, and the butter is so largely
affected by tho food given the animal.
Again we wonder at the pig and skim
milk diet. We have been taught that the
casein of the milk contains the iieSh-form-
ing material, the albumenoids,' and we
had supposed that Jersey milk was not an
exception to the rule that milk contained
casein. Moreover, We raised last season
seven pigs which seemed to thrive tolera
bly, well on the skim milk of thoroughbred
Jerseys-so well,at any rate, that with the
addition of little meal when they got well
along, that they averaged to weigh over
two hundred and fifty pounds each at less
than seven months old. and that we know,
for they were sold at that time.
But one mans lack of taste and percep.
ton does not prove another mans want in
the same direction, and Mr.. Hyde may be
able to tell whether the butter he tastes is
made from half, three-quarters or full
blood Jersey cow-all we say is, we can t.
and we stand in respectful admiration OF
the man who can.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

HIGH MANURNG.- hear that many
raise sugar beets for the sugar factory at
Portland, have been Disappointed in the
crop they have harvested.
1t has fallen short of their expectations.
We are not at all surprised. We supposed
it would be SO; in fact, should have been
surprised if the crop had equaled their
bright anticipations. We foresaw that
they would fail 10 manure high enough
for this crop. which requires very rich
land, and must have it to get good crop.
As Il rule farmers remote from the cities
have very little idea of what high manur-
ing means. They use, on the few acres
they cultivate, the dressing that is gather
ed beside or under their barns during the
winter, and to this possibly add few bags
or barrels of superphosphate, or other
commercial fertilizer, that is of little value
as compared with the best stable manure,
and think they have done their whole
duty, and bountiful crops ought to result
us "a matter of course.
Such farmers would be astonished could
they 20 to Arlington, or other towns near
Boston where market gardening is largely
fOlIowed,a and see the quantities addressing
and of the very best quality, too, that is
often applied to an acre of land. What
would they say to the application of six
hundred dollars worth of horse manure
TO single acre? Two or three hundred
dollars worth of manure per acre is Il
common thing among market gardeners,
and they find it to their account in So
doing, too. We know an instance where
a farmer, with seventy acres of grass ana
Lillage, used Int fifty cords of dressing
each year, and then complained that b.
could make no money of the farm. He
was served right, for he had no right to
expect much return from so meagre an
outlay. The fact is, if one would secure
good crops and make money by farming
in the east where the lands have lO,l
heir virgin fertility. he must dress til,
land well. Nature cannot he cuaXed or
driven into giving II good crop when thu
land is in Il poor condition.
Let every farmer consider the matter OF
the proper manuring of lands, whether b,
intends to raise sugar bcets, onions, OF
almost any other crop. 1t is true tha
beans and many other crops would not
need to be put upon land rs rich rs tina
required for roots and general market
gardening. The farmer must use decre
ton in the matter. Should not by any
means advise the use OF six hundred dol
airs worth of dressing to the acre in any
one year for any crop. What we do insis
upon, if money is to be made by farming
is the use of more dressing than is com
monty applied by country farmers.--Co@
gregtttOntitSt.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

Milk from a properly fed COW, unadul.
terated and without any part being re.
moved, Is perfect food, containing all
that is required for the wants of man
Taking everything into consideration it i,
the cheapest food furnished. Three pints
of milk contain as much llesh-lormins
substance as one pound of beef, al,c
equaling it in heat producing substances
while far superior in hone forming mate
rial. This comparison is made taking bee
without bone. Three pints of milk co,
the city customer twelve cents, and ut iha
price should be good and pure. Bee
without bone would cost nearly douhl
that. while the bone-forming matera
would be absent in the form of availabl
food. The beef would require cookn.
while the milk is always ready prepared .
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

If anybody can tell us why Francis d.
Mouton should be elected president of Il
dairy association, we should like to have
him get right up in meeting and speak
out. The regular ticket was headed with
the name of Hiram Smith, of Wisconsin,
and the ticket that the name of Moulton
headed, was an independent one. We
submit that at the next election the assoc-
alton hunt around among the eastern milk
maids for president, for they are de-
gree more nearly connected with the lcgit-
innate dairy than a salt dealer is.-lVcSterV
Rural.
And that's just what's the matter with
us; and the very potent fact that the late
international dairy fair was run in the
interest of salt firm, and is to be again,
if one is had. and that we saw no possible
way in which practical dairyman could
get an atom of valuable information, leads
us to think the said fair, as fair, is Il
humbug of the most gigantic proportions.
Of what possible benefit can ii be TO Il
daryman to travel around big hall and
see the outside of five hundred butter tubs
all nailed up, and for all you can tell may
contain hogs lard or Shaker applestuce !?
To be sure some judges go about and de-
eide what butter or cheese they like best,
and you can see some cheeses and COWS
and things, but the game isn't worth the
candle, and it never will be till some
dairyman stands at its head, and some
body with more executive ability than u
third rate law-chopper for superintendent.
We don't believe it is Just the way to
mix cows and butter and cheese in the
same immediate vicinity, and still more
when we got there, on Wednesday after
noon, after it was advertised thut all goods
must be in position on Monday. we found
lots of packages of bnlter, some with
covers Gas one rrate dairyman said. "all
busted to the d." ours among the rest.
lying among and near to the saw dusI
which hui bern used for bullsng for III,
coWs. Yet the judges Of batter tell how
sensitive it is to uilrn,ive odprs, white
stable bedding and Iimbur her cheese
live for the mastery in scents in the
room in which it is exhibited Ba
hen, there were pill Al, Of salt"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10
Diseased Cattle.

Our readers and many where we have
attended meetings will remember of our
speaking of the trouble in Mr.. Merrill's
herd of cattle in North Haverhill. N II
Having great interest in the matter,
as all breeders must. as indicating whether
we had so dangerous disease at so near
IL point, we wrote DR.. Watson. one of the
commissioners there, asking for infoTma-
ton on the subject, and have received
from him the following letter, which,
though not intended for publication, we
will venture to give our readers. We are
inclined to believe the disease is not the
true lung plague" but perhaps our
hopes may color the belief.
Too much attention can hardly be given
this matter, for once let this disease get n
firm seat in our large cattle ranges and
the trouble permanently fixed. and the
history of the enormous losses of Europe
losses estimated by good judges to
amount to thousands of millions of dol
lars-will be repeated on our broad terri
tory:
N. HAvERHILL, N. H., Mar. 4, 80.
M Dear jr:-There appears to be no
very marked change in the herd at Mr..
Merrl's in the past two weeks. Since
YOU were here two have died and two have
been slaughtered.
think quite Il number of them will die
yet, and still Il larger number be rendered
practically worthless or valueless.
1t seems to be sufficiently well settled
that the present outbreak of the disease is
not the true lang plague.
| have some very fine specimens of the
true contagious pleuro-pneum0nia sent me
by veterinary surgeon of the department
from New York. | think / am able to
recognize the real plague now at any time.
/ have reliable information concerning its
presence in Canada.
think the epidemic in this place shows
some peculiar and distinct characteristics
beyond ordinary outbreaks of non-conta-
gious pneumonia, which render the matter
contagious as among the cattle in ques-
tion-don't youP
The cattle are still under quarantine,
and Investigations are still being pushed.
Several other cases of somewhat diff
ferent character have appeared in this
vicinity, but from them | apprehend no
difficulty.
Very truly yours,
HENRY p. WATSON.
o. M. Tinkham, Esq, N. Pomfret, Vt.
p. S.-Shall be happy to furnish you
any information that | am able at any
time. w.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10
MISCELLANEOUS.
Central Vermont R. R. Line.
Commencing Monday Dee. 90. 1879.
TRAIYsGoING SOUTH AYDEAsT.

TRAINsGoING SOUTH ANDEAsT
leave MontpeleratsO5an and Il.45A. M.sS5andlo'So
f Partland Express from Syracuse and ogdens-
hnrt+ 81 Adams aud Burlington arrives az Mon.-
Dsiier a5 A. NJ. Mixed Train leaves MomtpeheI : 20
4 II. Montpelier JuneuOnss5 A. NJ ior "hi'e Ni'''
MAI Tn,IY from Montreal, St Adams. Bnring-
tom sc leaves Montpelier II 45 a NJ ioI bUs, .n
New London, springfield, New YORK. anu in'e'
TtyT6 Adams 10 Burlington
AMP NJ. Montpelier 65i p II for Northheld, q. A,
bans and Burlington leave Montpelier az lOa0 ioi
iInsfou via lowell or Fitchburgh, Springfield ne"
Yorkandi acknowledgements
THANKSGIVING NORTEAND WEST
Leave Montpelier ats 60 GA. n. 10 IS and D. P
Day EXPRESS leaves Boston via, Fltch9iIgh AZ v
A. NJ via. Lowell 500 A. NJ, New London a.gU 4. NJ
Snrinzfield GOA NJ, Montpelier 30 P. NJ, for Bur
lington st Albans. Montreal, and OgdenSburg
ACCoMMoDATIoN Train leaves Northneld at 3 ~ NJ.
Montpelier As A. NJ, for Burlington hutlahu'ot
AWIXs5ieayes White River functions 30A NJ. North
field 10 40 NJ Montpelier 10 IS Tor Burlington D
Adams Richfori, Rouses Point, &c. ., 80
N IGHr FNPRFss leaves Boston via, Lowell at 531
NJ via Fitchburrh 500 p. NJ, New York 90 =, NJ.
Springfield 500 NJ, Mont Uelicr3 ~ A Mior buTilng
ton st Adams, Montres and Ogdousburg ana TN
West - n -,
Trainsleave OBSERVATION-DISCLOSURES at7,uc A MA
R @i 81 cave Barreat745A NJ .andtO atAM.ant
Sleeping cars are attached to Night Express train
running between Mnutreala and BOston, and Montrea
and Springfield, and New York and wa, roy, anf
Parlor Cars and Day Express between Boston art
ThronEh tickctfror Chicagoaud the Weston salea
5he principal stations. , -. ,ron,,r
denl Supt
g Adams. ". ,December21 1919.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

In order to fully develop he,milking
qualities of COWS they should bo well fed
when dry Many farmers suppose that
poor English hay, such rs cows in milk
VIII not eat. or swale hay, is all that is
required for II dry COW; but the drauoht
upon the cow by the calf should be consid-
cree, and ii the condition of the COW is
not kept up. il will be in vain that we try
to increase the flow of milk by extra feed
afterwards. A cow cannot digest enough
when in milk to both increase in flesh and,
at the same time. give large flow of
milk. Feed such COWS your best hnv !:
give no mea do not make them fat, but
Keep them in good condition, and when
they come in your extra feed VII all show
itself in the milk pail.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10
Cob Meal.


Razor o. |ee Amtertc"H CufS'C'''oF IN
II recent NUMBER Oh !iie O''''0":oT we te;to
IL luli report Oh InG JOINT CON ~, hihitOce Oh Tue
Ioniilel anu "oooslo'h' Coiih:' i'lliiois
cluoS. Oh in experiment IN pig leeulnS'
showing results oeci''eoly III 'aVor Vi corn
gT"un" VIII" II COD iot nosS' DIS well as
al w SINUS % s'"IA. au,,
we nen'V' 'ncte are several reasons
why cons .r are nen,llc''', as 'eeu'ns mate
rl"l iheN coru'' lo'as'' ANA "cl'' oo'li
OF "'''c" ''e Ntn'n''c'' OF an''i''s require )
", . nv .am,r., inc rhn n,'iicles Of mem
allowing the gastric luce to pass freely
through tn med, ami All II rapid die s
lIoh. men, hhaily' lnefe Is h"'r'm'h' IN
''t W" rontsm,n Of considerable. nromi
acnct in tbi, sta,o as IA stock feeder. was
in our office Il few days ago, and in con.
Versatloh regarding tle V"'ue Oh con meal
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10
Farm Economy.

MIR. EDlroR:-l agree with you in
= me- Of the remarks which You made il
ne FREEMAN oi January DIST, in rrsald
10 some things which yon saw on your
rip To TINS state 10 attend the American
tairymcn' : association.
AL hough | wa, never in Vermont, am
very wei acquainted with the equiprnen,
of railroads IN New EigHnd, aud mu~l
say that New York railroad m,nagor>
could learn much from the eastern road,
| confess that | was much surprised ON
my first trip to this section to meet with
such train men on some of the roads, anu
also poor cars, or coaches, rs they are
usually called here.
Then again, about farm buildings. Ii
has always seemed to Inc TO be bad ccouo-
my To erect So many barns aud sheds, and
generally separated, too, rs is the custom,
IN this state; for it is much cheaper to
build one large barn than several small
ones, and it also costs much less to keep it
in repair, especially when the ROOF is
taken into consideration; and who has net
found how much easier it is TO take care
of stock and do the chores when one bar.
contained all the stock than when il is
scattered around IN half II dozen barns unG
shcdsP
Another bad plan, according to my idea,
is to have The farm barn so far lrom the
house as we often find lit in this section o..
country, for it causes n great deal of need
less travel; and when building barns
find there Is far less provision made for
the preservation of manure than in New
England. In fact, the matter seems to be
entirely overlooked in nearly every case
certain it is that | cannot now recall 4
single instance in this vicinity, which is Il
iirst-class farming section, where any pro.
vision is made especially for housing O,
protecting the manure from the weather
But it must be taken into consideration
that much Of this state is newer farming
country than the eastern states, and hence
| suppose this will account Tor the neglect
of outstanding the manure heap, Us vel
as for the poorer class of buildings; but in
the older settlements think we have farm
buildings that are not behind New En-.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

For all practical purposes, except selling
rs breeders, a high grade is worth as much
rs thoroughbred and in many cases is
which the thoroughbred does not possess,
and generally has more constitutional
vigor.
The Jerseys are, par eIcel2en,c, produc-
ers of rich milk, and are very popular as
butter COWS, giving the gilt-edged article,
which sells all the way from twenty-five
to one hundred per cent more than that of
Il No. l dairy of common cows. Farmers,
however, frequently object to the Jerseys,
rs they want an animal that, after it has
served its day as a mixer, can be convert
ed into beef. The full-blood JERSEY was
never made for sirloin steaks but cow
Of the Jersey and Durham breeds furnish.
es beef fit for an epicure, and gives milk
which, both in quantity and quality, ought
to satisfy any farmer. A grade Jersey
COW of any cross is greatly improved in
the quality of her milk. For use in the
family it is better than the thoroughbred
article, for the latter is too oily for the
proper development of children. In some
cases the cream amounts to thirty-live per
cent; but when the cream is gone ali is
gone. jersey skim milk is blue enough.
A pig confined to Il Jersey skim milk diet
will squeal with hunger from morning till
night, We must add that we greatly pre-.
fer grade Jersey butter to the thorough
bred article. Much Of the butter that is
sold in market as Jersey" is made from
grade Jerseys. 1t is astonishing to notice
the change that is made in dairy "by
giving the cows well bred Jersey com.
panion." Such companion can be Sc
cured at very low rate, often for five or
ten dollars; sometimes for "Thapk Won.
sir,'' and every butter maker that tries if
will find that each grade heifer will return
in one season IN additional profit eoual to
the outlay for the Jersey calf, always pro.
vlded that he does not pay a fancy price
Aierander Hyde, IN Ncw York Times.
We are often profoundly impressed with
wonder and admiration at the extent of
information, the profound Judgment, the
acutenees of observation which some peo
pie possess, and Mr. Hyde impresses US to
some degree in that direction.
In the first place, in speaking of Short.
horns, he lays down the proposition given
in the first paragraph; yet his acut, per.
ceptions find so great a difference in the
butter of the grade and thoroughbred
Jersey that he "greatly prefers" the
grade to the thoroughbred article. Then,
if it be so astonishing. the difference made
in dairy by Jersey companion ="
(Which we suppose means ii jersey bully.
it must follow that the butter of the grade
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

SPRING CHICKENS. Raising chickens
Tor the early spring market is one of the
most profitable branches of the poultry
business. Chickens large enough for
hroilers by the middle OF April or first Of
May, will bring in city markets from 80
cents to 81 each alive, and any one liyino
near IL line Of railroad, and within POO
miles Of n city market can raise chickens
and get them TO market ut II cost, accord
ing 10 the price of grain. from Is to %
ccnts IL head Of course it is little more
roubIe to hatch and care for chickens
during he months OF February and March
than it would be later in the season. bu,
the early birds pay so much better that one
can afford a little extra trouble.
The chief requisites for success in rasipo
carly chickens are, & house where tn,
temperature can be kept above the freezing
point, Il thorough knowledge OF the wants
1T young chicks, and the RIGHT breed Of
,nWls 10 start with.
| have seen several buildings that war,
put up expressly for The purpose. bur
only three that came ;lnywh re near m,
notion OF what such Il building ought to
he The hest place that | ever saw fer
curly chickens was II warm.dry barn celia,
that wa, nee from rats, and provided with
plentv of windows in g., he sou,h SIDE Tb,
back part of the cellar where il w.s can'
paratfvcly dark was parli,iored nn ,nl
made the best place in the world for se,linc
mrut was inst the th;ng ,bo I ihV"' Ii'''
The proprietor of that barn cellar soni
over COO bloilcrs into market hefnro fl,
middle of May last.and nt nrnsent ,"ri,i, WV
.Januar, 26tb. has rrnrlv "a Lnn, "'t.,.s
None of the chicks ore dina l,tar ' ,I'-',
February lin, AMI S,il nrn '",J' ..''''
not Il Great bio man ni,har- II = ,e s,ioa ~
voiced, dainty little biz Of - wtw,n '"'''
The next lest rhirEnn bnn.o ,L,, .
acquainted with is Ln;It ;n'n , ,ha '',i
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

Chinese diamonds are found chiefly i
the province of Shantung, where they ar
collected in rather peculiar fashion. Th
diamond hunters put on thick shoes {
straw and then simply roam about tb
valleys and rivers The rough and pointe
1rms penetrate the straw and stick fast
Finally the shoes are heape together an
burned, and The dom.nds are found in til
ashes
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10

CASEINE SHELLS. - If any of them
had been ut the fair and seen Mes>rs.
Whitman & Burrells butter maker make
fine graduated butter in Il Blanchard fac
tory churn, get out ali of the buttermiik
and casene shells without working it at
all, and then put in the salt with rolling
cylinder, they would have seen the folly Of
churning their butter into two solid leaves
in hand Blanchard churn, enclosing
nearly all the caseine shells and some
huttcrmik and afterwards in order TO
work out what ought never to have been
In, smash the grain, and make grease of it
so far as texture is concerned"
We copy the above from report of the
international dairy fair just to ask Bro
Hoskins whether the butter globule IS ell
cased in she'll of caseine, or whether that
theory as well as the "shells"is exploded
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-03-10
No Patent No Pax ,
? A T I N 7 J

obtained forInventors, in the United States cas-
and Europe at reduced rates. With our prun
Office located in Washington, directly opposltt-
United States Patent Office, we able to attcldo.
Patent Businesswthg eaterpromptness and desl at.
tndless cost than Other patent attorneys, who arca
distance from Washington, and who have, thereto
70 employ associate attorneys" We make prea
mary examinations and furnish opinions as u
entabity free of charge, and all who are Interest
in new inventions and Patents are invited to send
a cory of our" Guide for Obtaining Patents, ~ VIII.
s4ent free to any address,, and contains coMplo,,ia
structions how to obtain Patents, and other vaiCl
matter Wereierto the German Americas Nation
Bank, Washington, d. C.; the Royal Swedish. y,
weeain and Danish Legations, at Washington: Hon
Joseph Casey, late Chief Justice S CoUrtof lain
to the Officials of the U. S Patent Ofcg.au3t0 StIa
tors and Members of Congress trJw cytn} >..5u.
Address, LOUIS DAGGER X co.. Su.lr,ol5 O
Patents and Attorneys AT Law he urot E0llda.
WAsHINGToE, D. G. rNF't