New Ulm weekly review. [volume] (New Ulm, Minn.) 1878-1892, 1880-11-03

eyes, and hard seams, follows, and the
rags are then busted. The buster is q
large cylinder, the surface of which is
of fine woven wire, inside Of which is q
shaft carrying arms set around it in a
spiral form, and revolving at higher
rate of speed than the cylinder. This
difference in speed gives the rags a
thorough stirring, while the spiral ar
rangement of the blades facilitates the
exit of the rags, which traverse the
cylindrical sieve from end to end.
White paper can be made from colored
as well as white rags, and for the re-
moval OF the color as we'll as the dirt
they are submitted to boiling with
lime water. The rags are placed in q
large rotating boiler made of half-inch
plate, mounted on journals and driven
by proper gearing. as q worm and
wheel. Through the hollow journal
steam is admitted and kept at q press
ure of from forty-fve to sixty pounds,
representing heat from 292 to 3O8 de-
grees. Lime water, in the proportion
of about one part by weight to ten or
twelve of the rags, is mixed with them,
and the boiler is set in motion Usually
a charge requires from eight to twelve
hours boiling. Even this severe test
does not fully purify the rags, which
are next passed through an "engine. "
To the uninitiated brief description
of this apparatus is necessary. It is a
tank of oval form, the walls or sides
rising two and q half feet from the
floor. This is partially divided longitu-
dinally by . straight upright partition,
not extending to the ends, however,
but leaving q space between it's ends
and the tanks sides, of width CORE
spending to that between the sides Of
the partition and those of the tank. On
one side of this partition, across the
center of the tank, is q toothed drum,
the teeth or blades of which alternate
with fixed teeth at the bottom, These
teeth tear the rags to tatters, but with
out destroying the fiber. A stream Of
water is constantly passing through
the tank, and Is constantly removed.
This is done by wheel of fine wire
netting that revolves on the side Oppo.
site to the toothed drum, taking up the
mass. but OBTAINING the pulp, the water
running off through the shaft of the
wheel, which is hollow. Thus the
water is used only while making sin.
gle passage around the tank, the cur
rent being produced and maintained by
the rotary movement of the beaten OF
tearer. The condition of the rag ma.
terial when it comes from this cleansing
engine is that of a coarse pulp, techni.
cally known as ''haf stuff" which is
subsequently submitted to the action Of
another engine, known as beating en-
CINE, but essentially the same az the
cleaning engine.
But still further cleansing is neces-
sary. The material is next mixed with
chloride of lime and again passed
through the engine. 1t is then heaped
upon drainers, and looks like mass OF
half-melted snow. The white, howev.
er, is dead white, having no brillian.
cy. To receive this quality it must lit.
orally be colored. As the laundresa
blues her clothes to make them whittier,
so must the paper stuff be blued, and
when 30 tinted It has that same quality
of wilderness as wind driven snow,
which always shows blush tinge.
This is quite different, however, from
the blue writing paper 30 affected by
the fashionable twenty and thirty years
ago, and now the favorite tint in the
South and in England. That is really
blue paper, while our usual white paper
is merely tinted sufficiently to remove
the dead, yellow, lusterless appearance
of absolute wilderness. The bluing is
ultramarine, az used in calico printing
and for other manufacturing purposes,
made from silicate Of soda, alumina,
sulphurets Of iron, and carbonate OF
soda, and not from lapis- lazuli. This
is mixed in powder with the half stuff
Just before the final heating.
After the final heating the material Is
apparently q thin, milky fluid, having
no trace, to the unaided eye, of the
fibrous character that 1t really possesses.
Formerly the paper was formed by
hand, the workman dipping rectangu-
lar sieve into the fluid pulp, and depos-
iting the sheet Of pulp on 4 piece Of fell
to dry. But very little paper is made
90 now, the Fourdrinier machine hav.
ing taken the placs Of the hand work
man. This :. machine = as it is called
par excellence, is b wonderful produc-
ton Of skill; it is almost wholly auto.
matte IN action, and works with mar.
yelous exactness. It i scarcely posi-
Bile to describe il without detailed en-