davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03
THE SCHOOLS.
10 repent

Next week the teachers work com
menccs again. Let us go to the field
OF labor with renewed energy, carry
ing with us Il full and correct concpp-
ton of the magnitude and maics-
ty OF our mission. There is no no
bier calling than that of the teach
cr, and if at times our lot seems q
hard and ungratclul one, let us look
for our reward in the consciousness,
OF duty faithfully done. We will
reap the harvest in due season if we
faint not. The training Of the young
heart and mind for the battle of life
is Il grave responsibility, and great
will be the reward if we accomplish II
it we'll. AS the sculptor brings forth
pure white winged angels from he
rough and unsightly stones in his
laboratory, SO we may mould noble
spirits from the plastic minds en-
trusted to our workmanship, which
may come up us stars in our crown of
rejoicing.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 3, 1880.
OUR TICKET.

We propose in this issue to say
few words about the ticket nominal
rd on last Wednesday by The County
Democratic Convention. We have
no doubt that most Of the nominees
are we'll known TO the voters of the
County, but at the same time brief
reference to each may not be nappro-
pirate in the outset of the campaign
We will commence with the nolni-
nee for State Senator, Gen. Jas. T..
IZlar
Gen. 1zlar's popularity in the
County is unqucstioned. He has
been the acknowledged leader of the
Democratic party of Orangcburg for
many years, and has always been
noted for his conservatism and dis
erection. His nomination therefore
1T the head of our ticket is Il gllaran-
tee that the Democratic principle of
equal rights to all CLASSES and races
will be inviolably maintained.
proceed next with our nominees
for Representatives.
DIR j. w. Summers is well known
rs n thorough and successful planter
Of Middle st. Matthews, and a
gentleman Of enlarged views, who
In l,nn IL
comes, knowing as he does the needs
OF our people.
DIR. j. c. Holman of the Fork, is
widely known all over the County,
and has host of admirers. AS a
scientific agricultural writer, he has
done much good to his ncigLbors. lie
Is clear thinker, and is generally
found on the right side on all uucs-
tions. He will talk too whenever il is
necessary.
Augustus FLUID is n large planter
OF Lower st. Matthews controlling
the richest plantations on the Santcc.
Possessed Of means and intelligence.
he will, doubtless, carry many votes
for the ticket
DR.. Il. II. Knots is popular citi-
zen OF the Fork, and Il young man of
energy enterprise and hard practical
sense inherited from Il most worthy
sire. Hci withal a true and liberal
Democrat, and skilful farmer.
Alexander Brown, the colorcd
nominee for Representative, is an
honest, hard working and sensible
man, and has shown that he is free
man indeed, and darcs boldly to do
right. He has been true to The Demo
cratic party ever since his entrance
into it and commands the respect Of
his race.
Joseph i. Robinson, the nominee
for Clerk of Court, is a farmer in the
Bull Swamp community. He was
elected to this Office in 1876 over a
number of very popular candidates,
and held the Office only few months
when he was ousted by the influx of
Radicalism. He was again nomnat-
ri by the Democrats for the Office
in 1870, but the whole ticket was
then defeated, or counted out. He is
one armed Confederate soldier. and
very popular.
a. Mcqueen Sallcy, the nominee
for Sheriff, is son of DR.. y. $.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03
ORANGEEuKC, :. c., Sept. 9, 1880.

ORANGEEuKG, :. c., Sept. ., 1880.
Editor Oronycbmg Times:
AS in my remarks, at the recent
Republican meeting, made no re-
ference to any desire or intent Of the
Democratic party to return the color
cd people to slavery, and did not
mention DR.. Cooke. or the Clahin
University, Judge it would be only
fair dealing to correct your report in
these references.
You also state that am opposed
to the State appropriations to the
University. This is great mistake,
rs no citizen of Orangcburg has Il
greater interest in the prosperity of
Clailin University than mysrlr.-and
no taxpayer in the State is more
anxious to have the state pay its just
debt to the State Agricultural Col
lego. and all thrappropriations made
by the State for this purpose have
met with my hearty approval.
Truly Yours.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

y French paper, entitled "Lu
Fr"ncr, states on authority that DR..
Tanner has completely, gullcd the
American people. 1t says that the
supposed water he used was really
liquid mate or matis, Il South Amcri
can beverage, well known for its life
giving properties.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

Swails came back to kinrstrcc
and was offered an appointment hv
Collector lrayton in Charleston, but
it is now rum0rcd that he has lip-
urcd up and found that he will make
more in Washington, and proposes
to return there.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03
THOUGHTS FOR TIE COLORED
PEOPLE.

1t seems passing strange that the
colOrcd people can't see what is best
for them. n majority of them still
persist III hanging to What is called
the "Rcpnhlican party" And what
is this so-callcd ''Rcpublican party:"
1t is nothing more nor less than u
ring Ola few cunning leaders in each
County who are joined together for
the purpose of getting the votes of
the ignorant colorcd people to secure
them in Office. These few men run
the whole machine, for if they
couldn't run it, they would have the
would leave the party immcdiatclv.
They have no earth V use for ii. cx-
crpt so iaras their own benefit is con
cerncd. They are ''mutual admir-
alton society" They fall out some.
times, but make up as soon rs their
mutual interest requires it. They
control conventions just as they
please, putting out every time the
same old delegates and the same old
ticket. The poor man who works in
the corn field is expected to do the
voting. but not to have the offices
They are entitled to the bones, hut
tho big guns must have the meat.
But you say You cant trust the
Democratic party. They won't give
YOU your rights. Where is the truth
in this? The Democrats offered YOU
an equal share in the Offices, if you
would come in and help in the work
for good government. and not only
have they made the promise. but they
have more han kept it. In response
to their offer, Il number OF colurcd
men came im and so anxious were
they To fnlii! their promise, that they
have given more than the number of
names enrolled entitled them to.
They have given YOU Marshall Jones
and Alexander Brown, both hard
working, able and honest colorcd
men, and ifthc numbers ofcolorcd
men enrolled had justified it, they
would have given rs many more.
1t is the wish Of the Democrats to
larmoniZc, and for the races to work
together for the common good. They
don want Il mans politics to be de
cidcd by the color of his skin.
And what good doyou get by OPP
position to the whites? Does il do
you poor men in the corn fields any
good if your ring Headers ill their
pockets with money!
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

Col ID. Wyatt Aiken has been re-
nominated for Congress from the
Third District. A better deed could
not have been done. Col. Aiken is a
bold, able and independent thinker.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

Halley, who is so universally beloved
all over the County. He is n young
man of vim, pluck and remarkable
fairness ofcharactcr, and is cmicntly
suited for the duties of the Office to
which he is nominated.
Benz. p. Izlar, the nominee for
Probate Judge, is well qualified bv
education, and by the general char
actcristics of heart and mind. for the
Office for which he is nominated
Honest, fair, and well balanced, he
will make Il good judge, and faith
ful guardian of the interests of the
helpless.
OF the nominees for County Com
missioncrs, G.. G.. Dantzlcr is a son
of the gallant and lamcnted Col. O.
NJ Dantzlcr, whose name will never
be forgotten in Orangcburg County.
Mr. Dantzlcr is aplanter near Lewis
vile, and is Il young man Of cduca-
ton and promise.
Jos. A. Tanning is representa-
tive farmer of the Upper Fork.
Practical, energetic business like,
and familiar with the wants Of the
County, he will make capital
County Commissioner.
. -
living near Caw-Caw Swamp. He is
not untricd in Office. He has for
many years held the position of
school Trustee, and has discharged
the duties Of the Office with ability.
fairness and satisfaction to ALL He
has the sense to see the blind folly
OF the followers of the Radical ring
masters, and the independence to
think and act for himself.
j. l.. lleidtman, the nominee for
Coroner, is we'll known to our citi
zens. He is already familiar with
the duties of this office, and beng
attentive to business, honest of pur-
pose, and courteous to all, he is the
right man in the right place
Speaking generally, although no
systematic effort seems to have been
made to give the different sections
their proportionatc representation,
each man voting for his preference
regardless Of sections, the ticket is
pretty generally scattered throughout
the County, which is certainly II
source OF congratuation.
Again the ticket is conservative.
There is not man on it who will not
give fair play and equal justice to
all classes and races of our citizens.
1T speaks for the Democracy that the
rights of all men will be protected.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

The primary system of nomina-
ting is being adopted now from the
mountains to the scaboard. The
News and Courier is now pressing
lis adoption i'm Charleston.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03
Orangeburg Democrats, Attention

The Headquarters of the Orangcbur.,
Delegation 1T Columbia, on Tuesday next,
September 9TH, will be on Main Street
next to the Corner of Washington Street,
i'll the City Hall Euilding. All visiting
Democrats from Ornngchurg are requested
to report at the Headquarters Immediately
on arrival in Columbia.
SNNI-EJ nIppJt,
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

III. &. Worthington. former Collcc-
tor of the Port Of Charleston, has
gone over to Hancock.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

Pope, Of the "Rcgistcr," speaking
of the new census, says, that the
State is rcdccming herself out of her
own loins. This is especially true of
Orangcburg, considering the recent
increase of population. We say
''crcSciic et tmmTpiicunini."
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

Col. j. II. EYins has been nomina-
ted for Congress in the Fourth Dis
trict over Col. II. w. Woodland. The
contest was very hot, but it seems
that conservatism wins everywhere.
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03
NOTICE.

All persons having demands against the
Estate of The late Samuel j.. Rickcnbac kcr,
will render an account of them duly attest
ed to, and those indebted will make pay.
mcnt to, Mrs. Elizabeth S. Kickcnbacker,
Administrators or To,
MORTIMER GLOVER,
Attorney at Law.
August 18th 1850.
aug 20 81;
Orangeburg times. [volume] (Orangeburg Court House [S.C.]) 1877-1881, 1880-09-03

1as" We are in no way responsible for
the views or opinions Of our Correspond
fnts.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-27
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,.

In the House to-day the Senate amendments
10 the House bill amending the Internal Rovenuo law
regard TO distilled spirits, were cOncurred
message from tho President laid before the
House urging Congress the necessity OF action the
Ute agreement. Referred.
The pending question tho appropriation Of
E75 900 for tho National Board OF Health, and amend
mens offered thereto increasing the amount to $4,000
and $3.50. 900. Tho amendments rejected and tho
item OF $4,000 was retained as reported.
Mr.. DOWNEY (Rep, Wy. TERI moved to Insert pro-
vision authorizing tho Secretary Of the Treasury,
order that he have accommodation for the storage
oil com. To pay the appropriated by the bin ia law
iul silver coin Adopted amid applause and laughter,
% to Fl.
Mr.. WARNER Dem. Ohlol moved 10 strike out the
appropriation OF 100000 for continuing the Ork Oh
lie Washington Monument, and he UrOcesded 10 state
the reasons FOR MS motion amid shouts aud jeerr Of
laughter TIenges OF pyramids towers and spires WERE
e said bges OF barbarBm Ignorance aud ton
II this monument completed. II would perpetuatr
not the memory Of washington, but thoIOy OF the uge
MIR. HAYES crop, ND attempted to respond to Mr.
Warner, ana suocctdd, Rmld storm OF impatient sig
nails In expressing the idea ironically that while his
(Mr. Warnor'D works would render Il monument need
less, snch an inslRnncant individual as Washington
might need One.
After dsposng Of six pages OF tho bill thus finishing
about One-hdlt OF ~ the committee rose
Mr. TOWNSEND rep, Ohio presented m adverse
report on the bill " authorize railroad bridge across
the Detroit RIVER. Ordered 90 DO printed.
Mr. F0RHEY Dem, Ala) made n conference report
Oh the Military Academy Appropriation bill Agreed TO-.
motion for recess lthe evening session be fur
the consideration OF the Ute bil) was antAgOniEOd by
Mr.. HOOPER tDem., Mlss.l, who made the point Of
" No quoruni."
The vote Was taken by ielors, aud resuted-p5 yeas
10 nnyA There being no quorum, call OF The House
WIS ordered. Only I31 members answered TO their
names stil tho House refused To adjourn but finally
ut DAB, It adjourned w u vote OF 90 70 90.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-27
CALENDARS THIS DAY.

SuPRRNE Lawrence Court oDenS AZ
1880 calendar called at a assessment Cslender
8s SiS S2s 800 49, s4S s+S Sol 1872 s5S $3.50 500 s69
sd4 800 s5s MA $40 SIS sgS sgt sgS 80 9ol 92 9o$
on S28 g29 gSI 0S4 935 Y47 9sl inclusive Dav Caen
oar SsS a. jo 69 ~; a59 i2S lSl, 49, lS4 lSS SG
100 l6 Isl 2O9 22G 2Sl 49, 293 z 2is, s04 262, 300,
Court opens lU:3O mNOs. BOB ll3 IL l2U. 1870 49,
1906 1855 ia 1873, 1921. 49, 3D. 100 lO7 los. l2I. 100.
SPECIAL TERM-BeaOh. J-Court opers al 1880 H. Law
5SS go SIS $40 62y G2 $50 $751; GS3 6SS 6sI 5SS Sa2
B76 67J STA Bll, 1872, ga. 81. ol9. 900. 6O0 G25
is S' 49, 1889 SS sS
1914, 1851 1880 1880 1850. 1861 1862. 1868 1861 1863
lsS 1885, 1868 oG2 lbs 1856 65 1915 ISIo III is a'
PAKr IiVau Worst. !. CouTJ opens 1880 a. m-Case
PAM se opens q iosS mNo
l644, 1868 1891 1924 ltS9 35ls lt1t 1868 1885 l247
1852 h2s go lOAl' le49 1885, 22SO 1888. 1919 2s6A
SGrRIOG IouRTtRSERAL TRRM- Adjourned until June Is
SPECIAL rsRM-Sper J-ConE opens at 10 a. Calendar
called al II u. m.-NO day calendar
ruaox PIT,siiEseFA AdIonpnca Sins ds ~" vi u"
SPECIAL lkRM-J +. DAILY J-Conrt opens ut IL a. M
EoUrT TGRSI-A diourred for the term.
TRIAL TERA-PARr Ivan H0esvn J,-COurt opens At IL
q Case ON, No. l506-ASaIo agL Morrison. No day
i{yH3 9T 7TS YOg EsS opens a Il M
2lO5 81 % 2G04 24e5 24ba 1916 l7l2 1895 1885 2O2S
1912. 1919 1851. 1857, 1899.
1884, r 4g 4S S g 40 ss75 1Ss
$Ss tsi sS tSs @ 1880 1884, %'' ASs'
PART I-SheTtdan. j. In Part II Of the Superior Court
-yopTg opens o. 70 p.-Nos Slel. 1905. A272. 42A6
PAX IiI-hSwSa, J.. IN Superior Court Par, IlI-cour,
opens AZ 10 m-Nos 1855 1921, A4o2, S67S SS57, 4s56
GENERAL sEssloxA Tho Peous ast
DeaaSy Henry DeIsney John Ke6ce Joscph brown Henry
Weston James AcCann feonlous assaut and battery Geo.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-27
DECISlONS-:fAY 20.

Spprcms Court -ChaabTs-BY judge Lawrence
daul ABIDE Tie event Vo,z agL MaTyin oton denied
Judgment ridoed tor he pl4nt't with costs. BurSe agt
G snoil agi rcrry-I vii allow he guar Ian
al ~ ~ hs ,aAD G"s bat tste apps,tS t. be no 5an9 m
Dor Motion granted win "ces Noz ext Higgins;
Gran Ted iHunty agt the Mavor. etc Motion 10 sci of
u smcnt denied see Perry act Chester .? ~ r. p 40
proofs rc,ort lhe spectator Company as Wilcox
c,c-Uantcd IN ~. mater u Lang See memor'ntnn.
-, r U st:tU. " c rco,Irg very ;, ISs co;sieta
oa "a rs ' Ih'k ga, no Junction SheTl be
moon 10 .aeate tGs 4sseSsment - glartcd on
t a' olty % thy A'Jivi o. Al.ihh IN te mattel OF 2h
g. 80 HsS9tT ar 'ht ssInsa sge re matter ot
~ jH"te D,nohu1-Ca'teL'er AK" AtAinSoh-Denied;
COMMON Pjcd.-EqDty 7frnr-By Judge Lariemore.
In re- reIion Cohi anu tth,IssUO allowance grauic.
Murine CoWt - thdmb0g--Bv Lhlrf-JaNilco Shea.
sedgwick Porter ag liath.h Notions Granled hunyoa
der for conT2,sS,o. fSrney aGt S1%@nsrmGGm:
act aIrogo Jones act Born-Criors Of dlsrun Co
Hayes as Martin; rrlmne TrImble f:nn,s agt Null
Qutc1 agr Rumno schu,r ag wilson Lesh.r agt open
All. King wLitOck hg. Frazer; Mckcrnan ari Frazer;
DauGgtr agI Brandt Parker Jr, AT LeOnard-Oriers
Spscat qyrm-Bv ChietJnsco Shea re. schultz asl.
Cody, receive SOC memorandum Hanin ngt. Mlict.-NO
paniia scrl complaint wthn DAYS ray $40 costs
hoiatt ag Jcnnrr and anohcr-oCe memorandum Gutter
at rea'nanOrier dismissed without costs Brock Sg!
oNeHlrSye heiiy aSt o. gtsnSe1:
OH a5 ~ % Isnqi r S costs PsmSef s sebsef
security denied IAheY GriswOd.- Notion
denied the dschargr n the defendant m bankruptcy II as
available his projection by motion after Judgment
pleaded defence the action Middle ton agt HAT.
Motion open default granted upon payment OF SO costs
Buck agL May-MOton foT receiver denied kinkle akt
Motion 10 restore 10 calendar granted
payment Flo Dley aRt ChestarDefaClt opened
sud the calendar payment OF $40 costs
". Bennett RpVOiNe ted receiver
Brcsacker DeckrI lotion denied to inquest be-
tcU Cncr presented oil mcOri0uS defence
Hall sgerMotop placing cause on short calendar for
Notion to open doan sne With leave TO Defendant 70
swor on condition. Lynch aRL Madden memorandum
lUi.uaOtrR.-
calendar denied Foehrenbach aEI SohwenIinyer-
Seeey PArdee-MOtOn for bstltu.
ton O attorneys granted either darty
ns against other Stgal agt PrOpph0tOn DISMISS
denied with plaintiff cscOn the action the
payment Or $40
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-27
ONLY DEMOCRATIC STA 1,ES FOE
GRANT

General Grants support at Chicago will come en-
tirely from Democratic States and from three Re-
publican States which, as is demonstrated by the
full election figures above. have been forced 10 sup
port him against the will of a majority of their Re-
publican voters Leaving Illinois, Pennsylvania
and New-York 20 vote there as the Republicans of
those States prefer. and Grants supporters would
represent barely Republican votes in the ElectO-
raj Colege-thOse Of Colorado. In the following
table the States have been arranged according as a
majority OF their delegates to Chicago stand. The
electoral vote is distributed 1t WAS cast III 1876.
save that Florida, South Carolina and Louisiana are
put on the Democratic side, as they will certainly
he cast in November. This shows Grant TO be emp
ported by States which can give him only % electO
raj votes, while they may give the Democrats -.
Against Grant Staad States which represent Il3 alb
sOlntely certain Republican electoral votes. and if
Pennsylvania and Illinois were added. they
really ought TO be. the total would be 1G3. or only
% short of he 1875 necessary 10 elect. Thus, 81
States, IS Of which are surely Republican, OPP
posed To Grants nomination. If he is nominated
these States must elect him. Only States Of their
own free will and only 10 under any circumstances
ask for Grants nomination. Six OF them are Dem
oeratic, 2 are Republican anu against Grant al
heart. l, New York, is doubtful and opposed TO
Grant and the other Colorado, has only votes
and is of little Importance.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-27

By adding TO the above the production In 1879 OF
openheart6 steel would probably increase the guam
tty OF ingots 70 100000 tons and OF res 20
tons Of Steel ipgots and United sate
produced 50026 tons. All other countries produced
about Of ineOts at which France and Ger
maEy produced about one-haif.
Il will be observed that In 1879 the United States
Bessemer steel ingCts and steel rails This result vas
achieved with only twenty converters. with the add
tiOns that being made TO her Bcasener works
her production OF both ingots and rails OF Beesemer
steel In 1880 win place her fsr in advance OF any other
Bessemer steel-naking country. II may fairly Be
competitor. Great Britain.
Relative to the probability OF continued ccmpetittoo
by Great Britain In suppylng our markets with IRON
and steel 1t be concluded that this competition
bound to continue. twin do no harm 70 reprint
the following yisws which some time ago expressed
In The Bulletin on this subject:
Let be understood shat the resources and the "a:
vantages Of Great Britain for the cheap OF
aud steel greater than they ever were She mas
lost that size possessed ana she mas gained
largely by the Increased skin OF her the
expansion Of her commerce. the opening up Of foreign
that native phOsphoriferOus ores may Do used
in the production Of steel, and the quitting
OF her labor MARKET through which wages may De what
che chooses to make them Add 20 these considerations
proveroia pluck and teaaeity of British character and
we have combination OF circumstances when SHOWS
that British competition In the supply OF the werias
iron and steel markers is not phantom 10 De put Gown
AT any mans bidding, but vtng muscular realty thet
to stay and - give trouble IL aay no. oe sS
successful 1t has been but VIII lose none Vi 's o
time aggreesivenrss
The following tables win show approximately the con-
sumption Of rails In this country from 1887 u 1873 IN
net tons:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-27
lApproxim'e
Consunp'n.
NAVAL ORDERS.

WASHINGTON, May 25.-Paymaster Danforth
H. Wright has been ordered naval storekeeper at Rio
de Janelro. Brazil. The following detachments and
orders have been made: Commander John W. Phillip
from the Tuscarora to special dnty in the Bureau of
Navigation; Lieutenants Frank COURTS and Charles r.
Forse Masters W. p. Ray. c. z. limerick, John B. Nil
ton aud f. ii. Lefavre, Ensigns James II. Helm and
George NJ. Story. Passed Assistant Surgeon Hampton
Aulck, Cnief Engineer George W. Magee. Passed AS
sistant Surgeon Robert Crawford. Boatswain Thomas
Savage Gunner Felix Cassidy, Carpenter Isaac Coop
and saimaker Joseph Wilson, from the Tusearora, to
proceed home aud await orders Ensign Lucien Fynne
from the Vandalia 10 Newport, K l., for torpedo In
strncton; Cadet Engineers Joseph McPckrerl aud
Harry Elsfppe from the Tnscarors to the Pensacola;
Cadet Engineers w. T. Sample and G. 4. Manning from
The Naval Academy the Stardish Passed Assistant
Engineer Charles p. Howell from the Tuscarora to the
Mare Island Navy Yard; Paymasier Henry g. Colby
from the Tuscarora to settle accounts Paymaster A.
the naval depot at Rio de Janelro on the
reporting his relief and ordered TO return home and
In rel