davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29
WINSTON, N c., THURSDAY, JANUARY 20 1880
The Heart as a Machine.

The heart is probably the most
efficient piece Of physical apparatus
known. From a purely mechanic
al point of view it is something like
eight times as efficient as the best
steam engine. 1t may be described
mechanically, as little more than a
double force pump with two reser-
voirs and two pipes ofoutfi w and
the main problem of its action is
hydro-d o-dynamical. The left ventri-
Gle has capacity of about three
ounces it beats Is fines minute :;
and the work done irf overeoming
the resistance of the citetAaring
system is equivalent to lifting its
charge of blood little short of ten
teet )9.923 ft) The average weight
Of the heart is a little under ten
ounces (9.39 oz.) The daily work
of the left venticlc is in round mum
bers, ninety foot-tons adding the
work of the right venticie, the work
of the entire organ is nearly one
hundred and twenty-five foot-tons.
The hourly work of the heart is ac-
cordiugly equivalent to lifting itself
twenty thousand feet an hour.
An active climber can average
1000 feet Of ascent an hour, or one
twentieth the work of the heart.
The Prize Alp engine, Bavara,o
lifted its own weight 200 feet an
hour, thus demonstrating only one
eighth the etfic ency of the heart.
-Four elements have to be connsid-
cred in estimating the hearts work
% the statical pressure ofthe blood
column equal to the animals height,
which has To be sustained (2) the
force consumed in overcoming the
inertia of the blood (3) the
resistance offered by the capillary
vessels ; G) the friction in the heart
itself. Tnis in a state OF health, is
kept at It's minimum by the lubri-
Gated serous manbrane of the
pcricardium.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29
$Iooo,ooo,ooo in Dog-fIesh.

Although, as representatives, of re-
ligion and the Church, we take no
stock in the retail peddling of small-try
politics, of which we have too much
already in many of the religious papers
and assemblies, yet we do take lively
interest in all matters that concern the
real welfare and prosperity of this peo-
pie. We would like to see g sssome-
thing DONE for the sheep-rai,ing inter
est of the country, Ia view of the dis :
heartening facts brought out by the
department Of agriculture in reference
to the destruction of sheep by the dogs
facts which in their degree are only
too wei known by the farmers In every
community where the law does not
step in and protect them. We learn
from the reports of the department
that the dogs cause direct loss to the
sheep oawers of the country of mil
lion dollars a year. The dogs destroy
every year many tens of thousands of
sheep. All thi' is entirely Unnecessary
loss to no purpose. This is a payment
of direct tax of million dollars {.
year on a single article of commerce
a special tax for the support of the
dogs, three fourths of which are worth
less-and an indirect tax of millions
more is paid in the lessening of the
value Of sheep-raisIng as trade, and
IN the deterring of many more men
from engaging in it. At the usual rates
Of taxation the dogs of the United
States ought to be worth at least one
hundred millions of dollars to Justify
the country at large in continuing to
pay this enormous special tax of a
million dollars every year upon them,
besides the still heavier tax incurred in
the expense of feeding them. Are
they worth it?
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29
How Old is Glass !?

The oldest specimen of pure glass
bearing anything like date is /,
little moulded lions head, bearin .
the name of an Egyptian king of the
eleventh dynasty, in tile Slade coll
lection at the British Museum. That
is to say, at period which may be
moderately placed as more than
1000 years B. c., glass was no. OH
ly made, but made with ii skill
which shows that the art was noth-
ing new. The invention of glazing
pottery with film of varnish or
glass is SO old that among the frag-
ments which b,ar Inscriptions of
the early Egyptian monarchy, are
beads possibly from the first dynas-
ty. OF later glass there are numer-
Gus examples, such as bead found
at Thebes, which has the name of
Queen Hatasso or IIashep, of the
eighteenth dynasty. OF the same
period are vases and goblcts and
many fragments.
1t cannot be doubted that the
story prepared by PIiny, which as
signs the credit of the invention to
the Phenicians is so far true that
these a d turous merchants
brought specimens to other coun-
tiles from Egypt. DR.. Schliemann
found disks of glass in the excava-
tions at Mycena, though Homer
does not mention it as substance
known to him. That the modern
art OF the glass-blower was known
long before, is certain, from repre-
sentations among the pictures Oh
the walls Of tomb at Benz Hessan,
OF the twelfth Egyptian dynasty !;
but much older picture, which
probably represented the same man
ufacture, is among the half-obliter-
ated scenes in chamber of the
tomb of Thy at Sakkara, and dates
from the time of the fifth dynasty,
time SO remote that it is not possi-
bic, in spite of the assiduous re-
searches of many Esyptologers, to
give it a date in years.
Church and S. s. Weekly.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29
Blood Upon the Sc nth.

The Yankee burns slow, but he
has been heating up all these years
OF wrong, cruelty and peridy, and
unless We are greatly mistaken. the
people Cf the North are we'll nigh
the boiling polnt of imratience CON
cerning the South; if she won't live
under law, then let her die under
law; we are all sick of her loath-
some shape; her hands dripping
with the blood of the feeble and 10
GRANT, her everyday life tale of
political murder and fraud the
olive branch has been stretched in
vain year at'rr yea,; her poverty
and sickness has been tie signal
for lavish generosity on our part;
she grasps the olive branch Only
long enough to divert our attention
ANA then tiles to beat our brains
cut with bludgeon it accepts
everything; it lerders back no sign
of reconciliation or obedience to
law, and the North in sheer despair
says. give US once more RepubIi-
can Congress to make our laws op-
e'ative, and Il man like Grant to
do his plain duty. instead of qnib-
bling how he can dodge it, and we
will yet have either some respite
from the reign of terror at the
South, or a desert; the South had
better bo as lalren as Labrador
han US hellish as equatorial At
lica.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

For PHYS sake, give your wife
a little encouragement. 1t won't
hurt her. She made your home
comfortable, your hearth bright and
shining and agreeable for PHYS
sake, tel! her you thank her. if
nothing more. She don't expect it.
1t will make her eyes open wider
than they have these ten years, but
it will do her good, and you too.
There are many women to-day
thirsting for words of praise-the
language of encouragement. =
Through summers heat, through
winters toll, they have drudged un-
complainingly, and 50 accustomed
have their fathers, brothers and
husbands become to their monoto
nous labors, that they look for and
upon them as they do for the daily
rising of the sun and its daily going
down. Home every day may be
made beautiful by an appreciation
Southern Churchman.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

~ q "a MONTH guaranteed. So aay ct
NiiJIlll EoTne made by the Industrious. Capt. al
m III not required will start you. Me u.
VI ID u women, boys and girls make ey
T faster work for than anyth ing
else The work is light and pleas ant,
and such anyone go right at. Those who
are wise who this notice will send US their au-
dresses at and for themselves. Costly
Oatfit AID terms free. Now is the time. Those
already at W ,,k are laying up large sums of money
Address TRt Z & CO., augusta, Maine.
aug. 2S-1y.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

BHsy not thvself in searching in
other mems lives the errors of
thine own are more than thou canst
answer for. 1t more concerns thee
to mend one fault in thyself than to
find out a thousand in others.
55tsa Bishop Leighton.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

They had their usual quarrel as
they. sat by the hearth. On one
side lay quietly blinking dog, and
on Il O other II purring cat and the
old woman pleaded with her growl-
ing husband "Yust look at dat
gat unit tog; they never gxarrcls
unit fyhts like u.s. "Yah," SAID
tho old growlcr; 81 knew dot /;
but ynst die dem to- gether one
dime, und den you see blazes !"
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29
An Awkward Business.

Philadelphia is scandalized over
the bills c"Inmin2 in for the ere
ccption Of Grant" 1t was under
stood that. the expenses of tl.at
gorgeous busincs were to be borne
y" the voluntary contributions of
the wealthy friends of the illustri-
Gus chief, but they are not forth
coming. Bills come pouring in
coElously-aplong them $3.50 for
music at three private dinners
given by illustrious friends OF the
ilipstrions-Sl 5, 900 for gloves, for
1t seems all the illustrious friends
Of the ilustrious were glrrclcss.-
And then the Continental Hotel
furnishes a bill of S4O6 for en-
ttrtainlng twenty-tour illustrinus
friends of the ilIustrious-includ-
ing the Calncrons, Robeson and
others-showins that they were
out ot pocket money as wei! as
gloves /; and how many other hotel
and dry goods bills are coming the
puzzled auditor would like to know.
This canvassing for the Presidency
at the public expense is gorgeous,
bnt unsatisfactory to the tax pay
ers.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

Married people live longer than un-
married men, and a tall man is likely to
live longer than short one. Until the
fiftieth year, women have better
chance of life than men: but beyond
that period the chances are equal.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

The following are the estimated
numbers of religious denominations
among English-speaking conmuni-
ties throughout the world: Episco-
palians, 1s,C0O,00O; Mcthodists of
all descriptions, 16,O00.0OO Ro-
man Catholics, 1880, 900; Pres
byterians, of all descriptions, TO-
25O,OO0; Baptist, of all deecript-
tions, 5000, 900; Congregational
lists, 100000; Unitarians, 1,n0O,-
900; /; minor religious sects. 1,5OO,-
900 !; of no particular religion, s.
500, O,0CO totals, S2,750,0CO.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

Most Of our misery comes from our
fearing and disliking thing that never
happen at all. &o
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

The members of the Republican
Legislature Of Maine were sworn in
by Il ''dedimus'' Justice. A "dcdi-
mus is Il writ authorizing private
person to do some act in place of a
Judge. In the Maine case, this
writ WAS used to authorize justice
of the peace to perform duty
which the Constitution dcvolvcs
upon the Governor. But who in
the name OF reason issued the writ
And was its issuance II valid cXer-
else OF power The Maine muddle
is the most complete one which our
inimitable and ncver-to-he- sutfi-
ciently-adnired tree institutions
have generated
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29
A Curious Insect in Wheat.

Reports from various parts of
the county Indicate the prevalence
of IL pest altogether unheard of be-
fore at this season of the year. Far
mers WHO have examined their
wheat crop state that it is being
badly damaged by grasahoppers.
The insect is very small AMI gnaws
the stalk near the root in such II
manner that !. dies. They abound
where seen at all in the greatest
numbers and appear to increase
daily. 1t is presumed that they
have been hatched during the very
warm weather we have had recent
ly, and will entirely disappear as
soon as there is freeze or snow.
1t is estima'e ed that no great amount
OF damage is done as yet, and as
the tempe, ature is not likely to re-
main so high much longer, ccm-
paratively little apprehension is
felt, but the appearance of the in
sect ut this season has been the
subject Of interest and has been
quite extenslvei! discussed through
out the country.
The sons ofwealthy men cannot plead
insignifcancc and obscurity, as reason
for their shortcomings, and they, there
fore, owe to society the diffusion
of correct influences. Tie young are
always attracted by fashion, and as the
rich fix the fashions, they should look
to it, that they do not cast up highways
over which their more humble follow
ers rush to destruction.
The Boston Herald makes the
following estimate of the expansion
of the currency during the first year
Of resumption
Increase Of gold SIZE $50, lsl
Incr~a,e Of national bank notes lss3s,ss2
Practical increase of greenbacks....... 5,ois,9sa
Total expansion of year ..........,,,, $i64,0l3ss
The number of deaths through
out the world is SO, 1873 1888 per an
num-, or 1884 per day,
day, $3.50 per hour, sixty per
minute or one per second. The loss
is compensated for by an equal
number Of births.
When we are ont of sympathy
with the young, then l think our
work in this world is over. That is
Il sign that the heart has begun to
withcr-and that is dreadful kind
of old age. -
Macdonald.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29


REPORTED DIsCovERY OF MASONIC
EMBI EMs.--Lieu'.C Com mander, Cor
riuge. United States navy, teIe-
graphs as follows in regards to the
discovery ut Masonic emblems un-
der the pedesta! Of the cbeli>k at
Alexandria, e gvpt: "Immed.ately
uuder the pedestal OF the obelisk,
and III the est angle formed by the
steps, [ found "a block of hewn sye-
ute granite, forty inches in the
cnbe, representing a pei tect Ma
some altar. Under this aud imine-
diate,y Glow | found a white mar
bic slab, repl esenting the apron,
extending across the foundation of
polished syeni.e granite, lO2 inches
long aud 81 inches broad, and 25l
inches thick, the upper half hewn
INTO perfect square. At the same
level and touching the short section
Of the squa,e and in the west an
gle OF The foundation I found an
other block OF syenite granite,
markedly regular in form, the sur
face of which represented rough
ashIar steps, and the foundatlo1 of
which WAS composed of white
granlte. Besldes these fourepieces
| found ether less noticeable and
Important, equally significant en-
blems.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

The United States bonds now
outstanding which bear six per
CT n. interest amount to S275,OO0,
0OO, and those that bear five per
cent. interest amount to $5OO,0OO,-
600. These bonds can all be called
in after July 1>t, 1881. 1t is 10
make provision tor retiring them,
and substituting others of a lower
rate of interest that Mr.. Wood has
Introduced his refupding bill into
Congress. lie proposes to pnt the
Gew rate of In crest at three aud a
half per cent. Lii three and half
per cent. bond will be at par, then
the exchange can be made even,
and refunding at th,t rate would
save 81 100000 per aunum. l.,
however, il four per cent. bond Is
issued, the annual saving will be-
$1,000 600.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-01-29

The Boston Herald makes the
following estimate of the expansion
of the currency during the first year
Of resumption
Lyon County times. [volume] (Silver City, Nev.) 1874-1907, 1880-05-22
The AMERICAN INSTITUTE
,--OF-
PHRENOLOGY

UNCORPoRATED BY THE LEGISLATURE
n of the State of New York in 1866. Will
open its Animal Session fer 1879 on the hrst
day of October. to continue Fix week. More
tlun hundred lessons or lectures Will lie
given,
The study of Human Nature, as taught
10y Phrt nology. fhIsiosnoniy, and Physi-
olopy constituting n complete AIithrd-
p"lory, is Of t e FIRE, importance to
clergy men wi ose vocation II is to in
stru mankind in the formation Of chhract'r
and the Attaipm' 1T e spiritual growth; to
Teachers, VINO ~ ed to, learn the urture
OF the nniHn faculties, ana how best to guide
md, igstTuit them to act in acrotdsnce with
clear jndghI,i,t aid sound Il Qualify; to
Fhy sicians. that they may understand
the mental traits and q pos iions of patients
and patrons, AID Ia " to acquire their col fl
dcLce Ind cooperation: to
Lawyers, that they may know Whit il ill
human nature, and Low to rad at once the
character of eli uis, with, SEES and jury. ind
comlreL+Id thu springs of action sud lEo-
tive IL th' Sc rho are charged with crine; Ia
State. mem. who a-e called to tuhct
laws for the pfUp' 2ov.lnn.eLt and improve
ncnt OF MAJ kind; to
Merchants and Rusinr - Men wi o
deal With every body, and nnght Il k'ow cilr-
HGt'r amt faculty. ard how to- handle II tahily
Pi' asnItly, ai'd rucre.sfnly: 10
Parents. wlI1 hHvt II vital iItrrr-t n The
pre- IL trainli =. II 81 urtrn. -uy, rnlu, IT. ~ u
hapI II css { ciilGr'n, and tlcr' fuir need tn
nnr crsthnd u cir n ci:l traits aud what
tr atin' IT II II suit d {" e. eli; to
N"un. Wen and women. Who have
to maxi tn ir way In the world in srlf.cul-
tur". choice Of pursuits. hnd folec'i u of life
nlani"ns cr bnfiI 'as Isrturrs. Il H. com
r'h,hsiNe htItNuE cf tiEsT rInNCrILs los
profitable word {" say. s.l.il lt3 4
Al who fcsirr to- lccoIne men bcrs ~ a
lars, this yepf or IeAt md all who would
like to know what II to be taught in til"
course Of il struction. ttrns etc may all
dr., ~, mixing fer destitute CirculaI,"
S. R. Wells & Co, Publishers
1877 Broadway. New York.
Lyon County times. [volume] (Silver City, Nev.) 1874-1907, 1880-05-22
VALUABLE CATALOGUES


The following are sent on TIA receipt of Il
three-csnt stamp each:
AGRICULTURE horticulture, Horticulture,
Stock Fruit, etc.
ARcHirscrunE.-Du Carpentry, Ven.
tiia'l0n. rtc.
Boax's LIBRARIES With Classified Index
FDrC trtpN. --ScIcnce of Teaching, Kinder
earten. etc.
ESaISn RING Mining, Mechanics. Mann
tarturer. &c
ll5a 'Hr-Dr.wing, Painting, scripture,
Grrtnl =, etc.
JUvH,ILs.-Do Books fer the Young. sets aud
sin Volumes.
LAW --,tsrtr.tle lit, arranged b Auth, as
Names.
Law Catalogue OF Old, Rare, and Nslu-
able law Books
MEpl l. Snort TIE List, arrai sed by
y 9TH 'rs' Names
PshR4AcY Erc.--Fnr Druggists.
PrRaDGctLs America md British.
Poi.Gr4cNL EcuSoMY. Finance. Lo. isiatiph,
etc
scIIp pL.--Ttxt Do X for Schools aud Col
lr1rs
chrnt~, ,tc.
TuEoGoaY. Classified by Subincs
y NJ THY BULL, rIS OF New LOOKS.
IN f,lawing are sent only on rece irt Of
tn prices:
AMERICANA General and Local Sd ry'
TRAY /. biography, etc +; 80 pages. Price
81 cruts.
GExsR,L CATALOGUE of Choice Boo kr for
IN IibrarJ. Cl ,ss he'd; 40 pages iZluo'
Price. . cents.
Law Digest of Law Publications. hcports.
etc 10 pages; limo Price. p cents
MRDIcAL Glass fed Catalogue of Mari
can and British Medical and Sur ical Books
Periodicals.. Transactions, ,tc.; pa pages;
iDinn r ~ cents,
Lyon County times. [volume] (Silver City, Nev.) 1874-1907, 1880-05-22
Dissolution of C0-?artner-
ship.

ri,uE Co-PAKrSERsHlP HERETOFORE
4 existing betwrrg the undersigned has
by,u Dissolved. Mr. Urcu Will collect Ill
bills due the iirni and settle all Its ind, bted-
EIGER Il UREN.
silver Clay, New, Feb :, 1850.
.iaInts X ger and John I'rrn vail continue
tIe susIn, IS Of b aUkrInithirP, Stntlll iron
work ana wagon making, at the CID ST. '4d
,aeA Tor himself. Mr. Eipcr dong The WUO<.
Utlk. ind Mr. Irtn ne Ron MC1k.
Lyon County times. [volume] (Silver City, Nev.) 1874-1907, 1880-05-22
EB d ID tx $.

RobertCIarke & Co., f Five spsti al
attention TO MAIL ORDERS Tor BOOKS ana sta
t1onry. Their CataiO, Ius and M ntiiiy Enl-
Irtin q New Books w.li be found very con
v.uient H. Sc eetIn. boz s to pGrchnpe, .si'e-
t,liy b. i'ers us iiyli at dlsiGnte from
arg; bookstores.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-25
General Terry Again Declines 10
Go 20 West POint-Changes
and Vacations.

N. Y. Herald.l
WASHINGTON. August 20, 80.
The Army and Navy Register states
that General Alfred II. Terry, United
States army, now commanding the de-
partment Of Dakota, has been offered
the position Of commander Of the de-
partment Of West Point, and has de-
clined it. The Register says
1T is an interesting historical fact
that when the military academy at
West Point was created a separate
department, General Grant first ten
dered the command to General Alfred
H. Terry, who declined it. The Reg
lister last week suggested a question as
TO whether General Terry might not
be ordered to West Point as the sue
cessor of General Schofeld. The sug-
gestion was timely, for it appears that
General Terry was summoned to
Washington last weekon this very bus
mess. Both the president and the sec
rotary of war, we are informed, are
DESTROYS that General Terry should
go to West Point whenever General
Scho6eld shall be relieved. On the
other hand General Terry does not
desire to exchange his present impOr-
tant command for West Point, and it
is by no means certain that he will 60
there. Nothing has been determined
in regard to the matter. We presume
General Schofeld will be satisfied to
remain 10 charge of the academy for
some time longer, and atthe headQuar-
ters of the army we believe it is
thought best that General Schofeld
should not be relieved at present. 1t
is quite likely that the upshot of the
matter will be that he will remain
until the incoming of the next admin
istration. 1t is no secret that Gener-
al Pope would be willing to exchange
the command of the department Of
Missouri for West Point. If any
change occurs General Schofeld will
doubtless be given the command Of
the officer who goes to West Point
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-25
Yankee.
Ghinaan Tlmas Leitar.

Chicago Times letter.
Speaking Of Yankees, the origin Of
the word has been variously explained.
Some persons think it a corruption of
the word English, as pronounced by
our ~aborignals, who called it Yenghies,
Yanghies, Yankees. 1t seems to have
bees arst applied by tho British sol.
diers, about '5775, as a term Of re.
proach to the New Englanders, who
afterwards adopted it themselves.
Others hold that Yankee is a corrpp-
ton of JanSin. i;%;nntive of John, a
nickname given to the English colon
lists of C~ennegticpt by the Dutch set
tiers of New York.
Yankee is also said to have been a
cant term, in popular usage at Cam
bridge, Mass, as long ago as 1913, sig
lifying in a great degree-as a Yankee
good fellow, a Yankee good house
meaning very good. 1t is supposed il
was employed by the students there
and, having been carried to other
parts of the country, it came to be
applied generally to the New England,
ers in a certain condemnatory sense
The history of words and phrases il
curious. Yankee Doodle was, you
know, Nankee Doodle, originally, ant
is as old as the time Of Oliver Crom
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-25

well, to whom was applied. under that
name, the doggerel couplet:
Nankee Doodle came to town upon a little
pony;
Stuck feather in his hat and called it maca-
r0ni.
The air was known in New England
before the revolution. One account Of
its appropriation in this country as a
national air is that the brigade under
LORD Percy, after the battle Of Lex
ington, marched out of Boston playing
it in derlsion of the popular nickname
Of the colonists, who subsequently
adopted the nickname, saying that the
British forces had been made to dance
to the tune Of Yankee Doodle"