davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16

ABOUT ALTERNATING ANIMALS.
BY AGRICOLA.

Mollusks is a name applied to Il branch
OF the invertebrate animal kingdom. And
we must conclude that it is not n very
small branch when we learn that there
are no less than two hundred and fifty
thousand species of them.
The articulates have indeed orealer
plumber of species, but this fact only
increases our wonder as we study the his
tory of animal life. We NAV count not
only the living, but the dead families of
mollusks. Many classes have become
extinct, and are known only in the fossil
state. And so numerous are the dead that
whole strata of the earth's crust are made
up of their shells.
The mollusks are called shell fish. but
the two classes are not identical. Oysters,
clans, cookies. snails, mussels and MANY
other species whose shells are beautiful
and diversified, more naturally come under
review in this connection. Each ANNA
has its own history, It's own characters
tics, its own territory, Its own food and it!
own peculiar habits,
Mollusks are unlike other animals il
this one regard-they have no interna
bony skeleton. Their bones are all on thu
outside. The body is soft, but is protecte,
by hard shell. Under the shell is
muscular skin called the mantle. Whei
the shell is Of one piece it is called nm,
! UdtGe when double and united by II hinge
it is called 6iualUe. Other shells, on nc
count of their peculiar structure, are Gale
muitiUdiUe. When the shells are depositc
in layers, with a membrane between eac
S two, they are called menbraneous Shells
f 1t is in this last class that we find tn
;, brilliant enameed substance called nacr,
a species of which is the m0ther-0f.penr
found in the pearl oyster. We have ais
t the porceiIaneOus and vitreouS species, S
! called from their resemblance, in the fir.
instance. to porcelain, and in the second t
glass.
We may now take a general survey
this field of inquiry. In their infancy til
various species of molusks are more alik
in appearance and habits than in tn
later stages of their life. The young difft
almost as much from the parents as tn
, caterpillar differs from the butterfly. Tn
: young are all swimmers, and by means {
, inns and ocean currents they travel Ion
distances but the adult mollusks are ofte
sedentary or walk with gravity. Myriad
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16

The reverse of draining is irrigation,
and of this the New York Times in an
article has the following;
A water-meadow is fiat piece of land
lying along the course of stream which
can be banked and ditched so as to receive
water from the stream ut its upper part,
and after the water has flowed in a thin
sheet over the surface, to stop it and col
lect it at the lower part and return it TO
the stream again; or the water may be
retained on the land for time until the
soil has been thoroughly soaked, and then
drawn off through the drains ut the foot
of the meadow by opening II sluice gate.
Thousands of acres along our water
courses could be thus made subject to irri-
cation at a very moderate expense, and
three or four large crops of hay gathered
every season, in spite of dry weather. OF
even of long continued droughts lrri-
gated upland fields are rolling or evenly
sloping fields, upon which water can be
brought from streams passing above them,
by means of channels and conducting
bitches. Where such IA field may lie, a
low dam may be made in the stream tc
turn the water, or "a sufficient portion of it
into ditch which will lead it along the
upper portion Of the field or if it is Of
irregular surface it may meander alone
the crest of the higher ground in any di
rection, so that it traverses the least slope
From this main channel others, smaller
are made to diverge in such directions II
to carry the water where it may overflow
and trickle down the slopes so as to waite
the whole field.
What experience we have had is con
frmed by observation, that it is nc
best to let the water run on the land ii
" thoroughly soaked" We had piece
dry land along the upper side of whic
we turned small stream of water, wit
the expectation Of heavy crop of grass
rs it was newly stocked and well manureC
We turned on the water in the spring an
let it run for some weeks, andlthe result ws
disappointment, for the crop looked as
it was starved out, and the plot has nevt
yielded much since and won't till ii
plowed. We thought the soluble parts I
the manure were dissolved and carrie
away out of the reach of the plant roots
Mt any rate the crop was failure, bein
much less than that of corresponding Ian
on which no water was turned. We b,
lieve the true office of irrigation is to foo
the surface, as heavy rain would do, ft
day or two and then turn off the waite
but as said at first experience and obse
walton both lead us to condemn continue
flow of water on land.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16

Of ,haso little voyageIs drift into the open
50. md perish. Some of them anchor
beneath the shells OF their parents; VIM -
others spin silken threads win Whio 1Ia ~
moor themselves TO AVOID oenlS uil
away. After awhile they ma the pl1ce ~
their final habitation, ana tielr spoisIrJ1
life ceases. They now settle DOWN 10 soG
entary habits for the remainder Oh 'n'"
days. ,-,- 4, vooLs
and seaweed; another class adhere 70
timber. and still another to limestone
rocks in which they excavate chamoel a.
"A place for retreat. Others Durrow III
sand or mud, and others, like the OYSTER
attach themselves to spines and the lealy
exhaustion of their shells. to surrounding
ohiarts While most of these animals
berome fixed in a manner here described
IN fine Mace of their abode, some tribes
retain The power of travelling, and often
sniff their quarters for the sake OF novelty,
or in search of food. The river mussel
drous itself about with difficulty; Inc
cookie moves by short leaps; the scailop
swims with great rapidly; the gastero-
mods creep like the suail, but are more
active; pond snails glide along the surface
of the water, and pteropods swim IN inc
omen sea The cuttlefish walks on it,
ontspread arms or swims with its fms as
best suits its purpose; and one specie Pc ,ha
has the power TO StrS S 'n %,Tt into the nj,
like a flying fish. ,...o,ua,
Thus moliusks have spread themselves
over every part of the globe. Every re- re-
zion has its tribe, and every situation IL
peculiar species. Land snails are ioun NJ
, in moist places, in woods, on sunny bank
and rocks; they climb trees and nnrr .S
; in the ground. Each zone OF depth in I'M
Sos, has its own species of mollusks. In
limpet and periwinkle live between tld'
marks; the troch and purpur;e are ioun'
t nj low water among the sea weeds; tn
r mussel frequents muddy shores, and d. tn
l cookie sandy flats. Almost all the hnel.
colored shells of the tropics are found II
Z shallow water among the breakers.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16

When | want II new wasbtub, new
broom, tin cup or comb, | get ito
the first peddler who comes around. OF
the first time 90 to town. always have
enough money Tor enough of something
that will bring iu to buy any such little
things need and to contribute mite Il
any purpose. | get my own dresses. ant
clothing for my family, just as | please
| understand the financial situation of this
firm exactly, and know what | can hav'
and what l cant have, just as well rs my
partner does, and | never over'lraw o.
embarrass the firm by useless exlrava
gnnce.-COrreSp0ndetlt, IN Ohio Farnler.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16

THE OFFICE OF CLovER.-Some time
since | received an inquiry, with request
to answer through the Tribune, whether
the growing of winter wheat alternately
with clover turned in with summer fall
low will exhaust the mineral elements OF
the soil. The first inquiry in answering
this question would be does the clover
crown on the land and plowed in restore
to the soil all that the wheat crop extracts
| from it? If it does not, there must be ex
haustion Of the wheat element, and unes!
the mineral element is so abundant in sol
it that cannot fail, there must be deterior
alton without other means of restoring
it. That clover is one of the best reno
valors Of the soil in mechanical way il
true, but that it supplies all that is esscntia
to restore the plant food which the whea
crop takes from the soil cannot be true
for it returns nothing of mineral elemen
but what il has drawn from the soil AL
plant growth is composed of organic au'
inorganic matter the former is supple,
chiefly through the atmosphere, and tn
latter is taken from the soil in which
grows. That clover contains the inor
ganic element which the wheat requires
is true, but it is first taken from the sol
to which it is returned; yet it does doubt
less bring these Inorganic elements from
the subsoil below in degree. where TIN
wheat plant may not reach it, and HAT
may bring those elements into II bette
condition TO be taken up by the whea
plant is also true, but that it Can restor
OF continue TO supply for an inde6nit
period is contrary 10 sound logic.-Cor
IN Tribune.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
MISCELLANEOUS.
Central Vermont R. R. Line.
Commencing Monday, May "a. 1850.
,soo,xa soIrTH ASpEAsT.

TRAISsGoING SOUTH ANDEAsr'
Leave Montpe and 1I.45A N. sSSsndlo'So
Pm; ,.. svracuse and Ogdensburgh, ST. Al
hans and burlington leaves Montpelier = ." A. NJ ioi
Boston via L0weny Montreal St Adams BURLINGTON.
~ fIeayes Montpelier lli5 A. N, LOT pUstt sr'
New London, Springfield New YORK. anu i"'ei
mediate p%ih1sl AIbans3 D Burlington
IN p " Montpelier s s. p n. for Northneld., q, Al
'EIaHT FxPRFss from Ogdensburg, MOnireai ot e. g.
Roston via, Lowell orfltchburBh' Sprihshe'N'
TRAINsGoINGNoRTH WEST
Leave Montpellera at 800 BAN, lO5j and3'4O and
PR,.S1FxpREss leaves Boston via Fitchburgh at 70
n via Lowell 500 A. M. New London 9vV N
SDring6ed 1904. NJ, Montpelier % p N, LOT bur
i}t,gtnn 81 Albans, Montreal, and OkdensburE .
Hrc0lsNopATInH Train leaves Northheld atsO N
No1tpelier 900 A. NJ, for Burlington, hutlahd 'St'
Al91Rs Sha 9e White 3OA North
acid 10 10 NJ Montpelier ~ IS A. for Burlington D
Adams, Richford RQuses P3iit SG junction 9o5
unntpeieT 8 p NJ for Burlington and St AlDsns:
NIGHT EXPREss leaves Boston via Lower ~ o % =
Sn,irnSfield sG6P NJ MontUelier3 ~ N for Burling
ton st Adams, Montreal and Ogdensbury' ana th'
| West .. ,,. 80 n, , =, O n
| Retnrningl cave Barrtat7.45A .,andiOHA'M'ant
SIeeping cars are attached to Night Express train
| running between Montreal and Boston, ana hohtIea
| and Springfield and New YORK and Wa roy au'
| Parlor Cars and Day Express between Boston AN
'ThronghticketsforC hica2oand the W estforsalea
| theprincipal stations. ~ Uop,pr
Gcnl .Supt .
st. Albans, Vt. May o. 1870
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
HOUSEHOLD DEPARTMENT.

We invite for this column, contributions from our
lady readers, 10 make it such as shall be of value
aud interest to them Any topic of domestic economy
which may suggest itself to them may be discussed
and we hope this feature will prove successful and an
additional attraction to our readers
Contributions should be sent to the Editor of the
Agricultural Department
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
agricultural department.
ON. TINKHAM, Editor.

All communications for this department should be
sent to the editor, Mr.. o. NJ. TINKHAM. n. Pom
fret, VT
Please write on one side of the paper only sign such
name or initials as you wished published but give
your FULL NAME AND ADDRESS, post Office County and
State.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
White Robes! White Robes F!

For long time no sweeter and better collection of
music for Sunday Schools has appeared. If we con;
slider the HYMNS we ind the best aud most original
SUNDAY thoughts expressed in pure poetry,
oO ~ W n of good lyrical character such
phrases as Plying Savior. look with blessing"
Trust him ever" The better years beEin, " Only
down Z" "The Eden hills" aud ' home weary Pill.
GRIM taken almost at random SCHOOLS
from its pages, indicate its tender ~ - -
ness and beauty There are lbs songs: all good ones.
White Robes will be mailed to any address for 3Octs
cts, or So per doZ.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
SURPRISING CURE.

About twelve years ago, while travelling
with Father Kemps Old Folks Concert Troupe as II
tenor singer took very cold and was laid M
at Newark a. j. This cold br, ught on very severe
alta ok of Catarrh, which batted with every known
remedy for four weeks without avail and was finally
Obliged to give up most desirable position and return
home, unable to sing a nnte For three years after
wards unable to sing at all the first attack of
Caarrh had lett my nasal organs and throat so sensi
tive that the slightest cold would bring on fresh a.
tack leaving me PROSTATE In this way continued to
suffer. The last attack, the severest ever had, was
terrible. suffered the most eXcrucatiny pam in my
head hoarse as to be scarcely able to speak aud
coughed necessarily. thought was going into quick
consumption, aud firmly believe that had these
symptoms continued without relief they would have
rendered me easy victim. When in this distressing
conditional commenced the use of SASFORD's RADICAL
CURE FOR CArARRH, very reluctantly, confess, as
had tried all the advertised remedies without beneht
The first dose of tins wonderful medicine gave me the
greatest relief 1t is hardly possible for one whose
head aches eyes ache. who scarcely artlculate
Ndstuctly on account of the choking accumuatons in
his throat to realize how muCh relief obtained from
the first application of SANFORDs RADICAL CURE.
Under its influence both internal and externall rapid
y recovered and by occasional use of tho remedy
since have been entirely free from Catarrh for the
first time i'll twelve years.
Respectfully yours, -
GEO. W. llOLBROOK.
Waltham, Mass. Jan, 9, 1875
P. 81 purchased the RADICAL CURE of George II
Rogers, Druggist, Rumfurd Building.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
WHITE BRONZE MONUMENTS
A Grand Improvement.

All persons about toDurchase Monuments, Head
Stones Tablets. &c, will mud II fot their interest 70
first examine and see sample Monuments and specl-
mems of White Brou work at my residence ON Berlin
Street.
We row make nearly 200 different styles OF Monn.
ments from IT, to 40 # in height at prices from -
S6 500: in style diversified that all we think WIN
be able to select what will fully suit their taste Our
statuary alone is worthy of the highest consideration
1t now embraces many beautiful figures both to1
adults and children's Monuments. We also make
Medalions, Portrait Busts, Soldiers statue, feet
high. to be placed on Soldiers Monuments; Urhs
VASES and BOUQUET HoLDERs, for fenleteTies hhU
Ldpns: Corner Markers Tor Cemetery Lots, Flow
ers Bouquets Wreaths, Lambs, Doves, Century fants
odd Fellow and Masonic Emblems and Cemetery
Ornaments in almost endless variety; also signs
Decor Plates Numbering Letters for buildings, &c &c
per and cast; actually Thicker and Stronger IL
Material than Bronze Statuary, that has stood Untpt
pared for thousands of years; and pronounced by
,centissto be the best material now in use for Gene
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
COLLINS VoLTAIC PLASTER

And insist upon having what you are willing to pay
for. Sold by all Wholesale and Retail Druggists
throughout the Unit ed States and Canadas, aud by
WEEKS Il POTTER Propretors. Boston. Mass.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16

Each package contains DR. Sanford's Improved In
haing Tube and full directions for its in all
Price 90 sold By all wholesale and retail druggists
and dealers throughout the United States and Cana
das. WEEKS Il POTTER, General Agents and Whole
sale Druggists, Boston, Mass.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-06-16
.SANFORD'S RADICAL CURE.

Is local and constitutional rem ady and is applied to
the nasal passages by allayng imam
alton and pain and at once correcting; cleanse Y,
and purifying the secreons Internally administered
it acts upon the Organs of circulation, keers the SKID
moist and noutralizes the acid poison that mas FOUND
its way into the stomach an thence into tine blood
Thus cure progresses in both directions, and II does
not seem possible for human ingenuity to devise q
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-09-19
NATION OF DYSPEPTICs.

We shall come to that unless we re-
form in the matter Of diet. We like
highly-spiced food. The mock-turtle
soups, lobster croquettes, scalloped
oysters and veal, Welsh rarebits and
other cheese relishes are all very de-
ightul and sure to be eagerly pounced
on by the diseased appetite of a dys-
peptic, but they are productive Of much
suffering in the end. We do not wish
to insinuate that the half of the world
who may eat these things with impunity
should be deprived Of them on account
of the other half who cannot eat them,
but, as not more than half of the world
have the common sense to know what
does or does not agree with them, we
would, as a sanitary measure, have such
recipes labeled Dangerous. IF we
followed the example Of the "beef-
eating English" sallow compilations and
delicate health would improve directly.
1IuO3 0luuy VI Ou1 AIcbtAO Se1ol1CO C4O
French, and the French are supposed to
have reduced cooking to science, but
the extravaganza which loaded our
grandmothers' tables with ten different
kinds of cake sends as many ertremets
to our own. The dinners of the wealthy
American, who prides himself upon his
"good living" will probably carry off
the palm for vulgarity and lack Of art.
There is some radical reform needed to
keep us from dwindling to race of
pasty-skinned invalids. Would it not
be possible for scientific cooking to be
placed among the arts and accomplish
ments to be learned at modern board
ing school? What knowledge can be
more useful to girl than the art Of
managing a house?
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-09-19
LOVE THE CHILDREN.

Don't be afraid to show the children
that you love them. The boy or girl
will not easily go wrong whose arm is
twined morning and night around moth
er's neck, or whose head is welcomed to
its cuddling place on fathers shoulder.
It is on the side of their affections that
children are most easily held and guided,
and the frmest rein is the invisible,
golden cord of love. It is good to hui
NOR children in following their natural
bent in all right and helpful directions.
Remember that education is only the
leading out of powers and faculties that
are within. Encourage, therefore, such
inclinations toward books, studies, me-
chanics, music, out-of-door pursuits and
healthful sports as shall help most truly
to develop your child. As education
comes more and more to in
clude the development of natural apt
itude, it will be more and more success
full. It is good to humor your children
in preserving their individuality and in
fostering true self-respect. Teach
them, too, the value of money, and en-
courage them to manage their own fnan-
cial affairs. This will give them impor-
tant experience.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-09-19
WHAT STOPPED HIM.

While party Of surveyors were run
ming a railroad line in Indiana the sur
vey carried them across cemetery. In
the course of the survey a small stake
was driven into grave, and, before it
was removed and carried ahead, lathy,
long-legged Hoosier overhauled the men,,
peeled off his coat, and danced around
as he yelled out: "Show me the man
who dared drive that stake in that
gravel
eve are going to remove it," quietly
replied one of the party.
"I don't care if you are-show me the
man !'
"Wen, I'm the man, and what are
you going to do about it ?" said the big
man of the lot, as he stepped out.
Didn't you know that was my wife S
grave ?" asked the Hoosier, with con-
siderable fall to his voice.
"No, SIR"
"Wel, it is, sir-my first wife's
grave.
''And what of that 2"
"What of that Why-why, sir, if
hadn't married a second one about a
month ago, and kinder forgot my grief,
I'd take that stake and pin you to the
fence with it Its lucky for you fellers
mighty lucky for you-that I don't
feel half as bad as I did Pre- Press.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-09-19
HEALTH IN MIDDLE AGE.

At the age of thirty-fve, says writer in
the Family Doctor, mankind, according to
some eminent authorities, is said to have
reached the meridian of life, while others
name forty as the number of years of our
earthly existence. But be this as it may, no
one who has taken the ordinary means to
preserve his health in youth and early man
hood should feel other than young at the
age of forty-fve, from which period until
that of sixty, if life be spared to us, we
shall do well to consider ourselves middle
aged, and to adopt greater precautions for
the preservation Of health and consequent
happiness than might have been deemed
necessary when youth was on our side.
And if this is done, the period of middle age
should be one Of the greatest activity, of
both body and mind. What though the
hairs are turning gray? that but shows one
mas suffered sorrow and survived it, or that,
sorrow apart he is man who thinks. And
what though the limbs be not quite SO nim-
BILE? Calm enjoyments foster thought and
generate habits of true temperance which
conduce to long life and contentment more
than anything else in this world, and what
ever some may say to the contrary, main
tain that the desire to live long is inherent
in every sane man or woman. To die of old
age is the only natural death, and if death
may ever be said to be pleasant, the only
pleasant one. Though younger than some
of my professional brethren still in harness,
I have nevertheless seen death in very many
shapes and forms, and in almost every case
I have found the aged more resigned to
the inevitable than those less advanced in
years. For wel-spent life is Like a we'll
spent day; at its close there is wish for a
rest.