davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
Antiquity of Nursery Rhymes.

Many Of these productions have q
very curious history, if it could only
be traced. Some of them probably owe
their origin 10 names distinguished in
our literature; as Oliver Goldsmith,
Tor instance, is believed I'm his earlier
days to have written such compost
tiOns. DR.. Z. F. Rimbault gives the
foil owing particulars as to some we'll
known favorites :-"Sing a Song OF
Sixpence" is as as old as the sixteenth
century. Three Blind Mice" is found
in a music book dated 1909. ''The Frog
and the Mouse" was licensed in 1880.
'Three Children Sliding ON Ice" dates
from 1889. "London Bridge is Broken
Down" is of unfathomed antiquity
"Girls and Boys come to Play" is Ger.
tainly as old as the reign of Charles
IL; as is also "Lucy Locket lost her
Pocket" to the tune of which the
American song of Yankee Doodle
was written. "Pussy Cat, Pussy Cat,
where have you been ?" is of the age OF
Queen Bess. "Little Jack Horner" is
older than the Seventeenth century.
"The Old Woman Tossed in a blanket
Is of the reign of James H., to which
monarch 1t IL supposed to allude.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17

Treating Oils by Net1 Process
A new process for treating the pro-
ducts of etroleum is being tested
At present all oils are brought
to heat-tests by distillatiOn, and
in the process lose from 30 to 62
per cent. By the old process oil at a
fire test of 10 degrees costs six and
One-half cents per gallon. In bringing
this grade of oil to a test of $50 degrees
ii loses 30 per cent. in the process of
distillation; 10 raise it to l75 degrees 1t
loses 40 per cent, and to lS5 degrees 60
per cent. By the new patent process
the oil is treated without heat and loses
nothing. In fact, in some oils it is claim
ed there is positive gain In weight.
Oil at 10 degrees that cost 61s cents
per gallon on being raised to fire ties;
of 15O is worth 131a cents per gallon !;
to 175, from 10 cents to II cents per
gallon, and if raised to lS5 degrees is
worth from Is cents to 20 cents per
gallon The cost of raising it 10 any
of these tests is i cent per gallon.
Here, also, is another advantage over
the old system, as by the present
method OF distillation the profit on oil
at fire test of ITO is only half a cent
per gallon, and at a test of 150 the pro-
fit is the same; whereas by the new
process, the oil losing nothing in the
manipulation, the profit is In ratio to
the number Of degrees to which the
fire test is raised. In the process the
oil is deodorized, and at the same time
the Illuminating quality is improved SO
that oil burns longer and brighter.
And this is effected without the aid of
any heat whatever. This is what the
inventors claim for the new process,
but until rigid and satisfactory test
has been made they will disclose neither
their plans nor their names.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
Open Air for Consumptives-

DIR. j. Henry Bennett asserts that the
temperature which exerts the most
favorable influence in the treatment of
phthisis is day temperature ranging
from 55 deg, TO 65 deg. or 30 deg. Fab,
and a night temperature between 40
deg. and 30 deg; in other words, that
the climate and temperature which are
the most conducive TO the physiological
weIl-being Of the Caucasian race are
also the most favorable to the treat
ment OF phthisis. He draws attention
to the fact that phthisis is rare among
the people lnhabiting the high plains
of Central and South America, although
common in the neighboring seacoast
towns. DIR. Comes, with whom DR..
Bennett has lately been in correspond
ence, states that during residence of
four years in Quito, where he was one
of the professors at the medical shool,
physician to the hospital, and engaged
in active private practice, he only saw
two or three cases of spontaneous
phthisis among the natives, and in all
the cases of imported phthisis from the
seacoast that he met with the progress
of the disease soon appeared to he ar
rested. He also states that in large
room, without fire, and with doors and
windows open day and night, he found
the temperature to oscillate all the
year round betweeen 81 deg. and TO
deg. Fab. DIR. Bennet relates the case
of a young married lady, aged &c,
whom he attended for two winters at
Mentone. She was native of GUaya-
quill, but educated and married in
France, where she became consump-
tive; and finding that her recovery at
Mentone was only partial one, she re-
turned to her native country. She has
now been two years at Quito, and has
become quite well and robust. Bnt
then, At MentOne, she lived shut up,
while at Quito she has lived in the open
air constantly. He therefore thinks
that the immunity, or comparative i'm
munity, tIom phthisis enjoyed by the
inhabitants of the elevated mountain
plains OF tropical and sub-tropleal
America, from Mexico to the Argen-
tine Republic, cannot be owing to
mere elevation-to barometric condi-
tions-inasmuch as phthisis reigns al
all elevations, even above 5000 feet,
on the mountains of Switzerland. 1t
cannot, either, be attributed to mere
dry cold, as the mortality from phthisis
is greater in Norway, Sweden, and
Northern Russia than IN London or
Paris. 1t must, then, be owing to the
ideal physiological climate, which ena-
bles the entire population to live, as it
were, out doors, in the open air, night
and day. Why should not the Andes,
with a Delightfully."- mild, dry, and
equable climate, which is unequaled in
any part of the world, became the health
| resort of the future?
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
The Raquet.

The latest thing in dances is called
the '|raquet," and is ne,ther waltz
nor polka, though the best parts of
beth are preserved. The girl is taken
around the waist. The music strikes
up with crash, as though new vol
cano had broken out, and the girl will
cling tightly as though frightened, if
she understands the dance, and the
young man will reassure her by gen.
tie pressure, If he understands the
dance, or knows anything at all. At
the second crash they lodges las though
some one had thrown a blacksmith
shop at them, and they start in. They
begin by initiating the struggle for
life, representing person who is
drowning, but at each crash of the
cymbals and bass drum they dodge and
scoot TO one side, then dart back again
jam each other sideways, and then as
The crashes of music become more ter
rife and deafening, they try to drive
each other through the floor, by main
strength, get desperate and claw and
tear and pull, and al at once they 60
raving mad with hydrophobia and the
delirium tremens, and gnash their
teeth and rave, and suffer the most
terrible agony-and it Is all over. 1t
is short dance, as the design is
amusement and not murder. But
short as it is, it is said to be very
sweet. Where it has been introduced
it seems to give the most perfect salts
faction, many young people preferring
it to the slow and solemn polka, or the
cold and freezing waltz.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
Paper Making Industries I'm China.

Paper Is very extensively manufac-
tured In the numerous little villages
situated in the valleys among the hills,
about eight miles to the southeast of
the city OF king-hlen, China. It's made
from the bark called T'sn-shu-pi, the
paper-mulberry tree bark, and wheat
straw, which, efter having been wei
washed ard boiled with certain pro-
portions of lime, is again washed, and
then exposed to dry for whole year
on the sides of the hills, in spots where
the grass and brushwood have been
previously cleared away for this pur-
pose. After the years exposure, it is
washed once more, and then pounded on
a stone with large wooden hammer ;it
is supposed to require 400 blows from
this hammer to reduce il to the neces-
sary consistency; after which it is re-
moved to another building, and left to
soak until 1t becomes quite pulp, in n
large earthenware vessel, containing
liquid glue, made from boiling the
branch of tree called the Yangkowt'-
eng, a species Of hooked vine. This
pulp is then put into cistern of water,
and well stirred up with stout stick.
A finely made bamboo frame, or sort
of long oblong sieve, is taken by two
men, one at either end, and dipped
twice into this liquid, which Is made
to run equally over the whole surface,
somewhat after the manner in which
the photographer allows the developing
solution to run over his plate. By this
means, thin and tolerabiy even layer
is lett, which soon partially dries and
for ms the sheet of paper, and hich is
removed by simply reversing the frame.
AS soon as sufficient number o: sheets
has been made, they are taken TO the
drying Ioom. This room contains a
large brick oven, coated on the outside
with lime, and built up to within few
feet OF the roof. Upon the top of this
oven the paler is placed, in parcels OF
about a loot in thickness, until per-
iNSlls ,0AtSA p" hAth SAiSNN ~ SAAS~N ~
damped once more and whi e still moist,
is by means OF a soft brush niade to
adhe re 10 the sides of the oven for Il
short time, 10 undergo its final process
of drying. Ii is then taken away TO
the packing room, and made up into
bales, weighing from 50 TO l20 catties
each, the catty being equivalent to l 3
ID. ayoirdupois. The largest sized
paper is about one ''chang" lll5a2 feet
long, and is worth one dollar a sheet.
This particular size of paper is made
entirely from the ''T'an-shu-p'p' but
the smaller sizes are composed of q
mixture OF the aforementioned bark, !,
or the bark of the paper mulberry tree,
and wheat straw. This paper is known
by the name ''Suanchih," and is con-
sidered goCd quality paper in the
Chinese markets.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
"On the Tap o. 1t

Pig, in the Old-fashioned Scotch, was
a term always use for coarse earthen-
ware jar or vessel. The story is WELL
known OF the good natured chamber
maid who said to an English lady who
had lately arrived in Scotland for the
first time in her life, "WoUld you like a
het crock in your bed this cauld nicht,
menu" "A what?" said the lady. "a
pig. mem. Shall put pig in your bed
10 keep you warm ?" Leave the room,
young woman! Your mistress shall
hear of your insolence." Nae offense,
l hope mem. 1t was my mistress bade
me ask, and Pm shure she meant it in
Kindness. The lady looked Grizzy in
the face and saw at glance tnat no In
suit was intended, but she was quite at
a loss how 10 account for the proposal.
She aware that Irish children sleep
with pigs on the earthen floor of their
cabins, but this was something far
more astonishing. Her curiosity was
low aroused and she said in a milder
tone: SIS 1t common in this country,
my girl, Tor ladies to have pigs in their
beds!" "And gentlemen hae them,
too, mt m, when the weather's cauld."
But you surely would not put the
pig between the sheets?" IF you
please, mem, it will do maist good
there" Between the sheets 1t would
dirty them, girl; could never sleep
with a zig between the sheets" !" Never
fear, mem! You'll sleep far mair
comfortable. I'll steek the mouth OFT
tightly and tie 1t up in poke" ''Do
you sleep with pig yourself in cold
weather!" mo, mem; pigs are only
for gentlefolks that lie On feather beds.
L sleep on cauff (chaff in sacking) with
my neighbor lass" Calf! Do you
sleep with calf between your" said
the cockney lady. mo, mem you're
joking now." said Grizzly; Eve lie on
the tap t."
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
Brides Carried on by Pirates.

One of the most interesting features
OF Venetian life were the festivals
which occurred every year, and
served to keep in remembrance
certain events in the history of the city.
Among these was one kept annually
for centuries called "La Festa della
Marie" and this is the incident it COM
memorates: In very old times 1t was
the custom in Venice to have all the
marriages among the mobiles and chief
citizens celebrated on the same day,
and in the same antiquated church In
the eastern part of the city, on little
island called 0livolo, where the bis hop
lived. On the day of the fete elegant
gondolas were seen on the water carry
ing people dressed IL holiday attire to
the appointed place, and the young
couples landed to the sound of sweet
and joyous music. The Jewels and
other presents given TO the procession,
and long train OF friends, relatives
and other attendants came after. In A.
b. 933 an event happened at this cere-
mony which came very near ending
tragieally tor the happy lovers. The
pirates of Istria, a neighboring coun-
Uy, were in the habit of securing the
AdIiatic, ana were the terror of all the
cities on the coast. Always alert fol
plunder, they decided that the time for
the Venetian wedding feast would be
favorable one TO enrich themselves
very easily. Near to Oiivolo was a
small island, at that time uninhabited,
and here, the day before the fete, the
willy lstrlotes concealed themselves
and their light vessels. The next day
Tie gay companies passed slowly along
TO the church, unconscious of danger.
The services began and the espoused
couples stood before the altar. Then
suddenly the Istriote pirates, swift as
arrows. rowed their boats into the har-
Dor where the gay procession had
just embarked. In the midst of the SOL
emn service the doors Of the church
were thrown open and the dark
bearde pirates rushed in. With their
dlaWn swords in their hands, they
made their way to The altar, and,
snatchlng up the terrified brides, they
rushed to their boats, not forgetting z to
secure the caskets with the bridal gifts.
Before the bridegrooms and guests
could realize what had happened, the
robbers were carrying their priz S, with
swift and steady strokes, towards the
shores of Istria. The Doge was assis-
ting at the ceremony; but, rushing
from the church, he called on all to
follow, till the number of citizens soon
swelled 20 hundreds as they ran to the
wharf shouting for vengeance. There
were several ships in the harbor, and
they hastily embarked in pursuit OF
the pirates and their precious booty.
The wind being favorable they were
soon overtaken. No quarter was given
10 the robbers. Every pirate was fet-
tered and thrown headlong into the
sea, not one escaped to tell the story to
his ceuntrymen. The girls were re-
stored unhurt TO their lovers.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17

Mortality in its Relation TO Wedth and
Porerty. y.-One of the statistic collectors
of England has gathered information
concerning some forty-eight thousand
children of the well-tO-do classes in
England and Wales including members
of the legal, clerical and medical pro-
fesslons, as also of the nobility and
gentry. 1t is found, on inquiry, that
in the first year of life, only sO.4o per
l 600 deaths occurred among the in
fants of the easy classes in that country,
as against 149. 40 among the children OF
the general population; but among the
latter class, the percentage went up to
240 in cities like Manchest,r and Liver :
pool, and as high as 800 In the poorer
quarters of English cities, while in
Berlin 1t is actually 500. From one 10
five years of age, 1854 children of the
upper class die of one thousand born,
and as many as 1850 in the general
population. During the remainder OF
early youth, from five to twenty. the
difference is not marked; but 65.47 per
one thousand deaths occur among the
richer classes, as against 74.Q in the
general public.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
.-,rn .oIiditv is given by French

An ertru soIidity is given oy Ffenen sdnr,
,,.;Iders AZ IN factory and other noors
1saSsng Ssdsha g strength By mosSdIs ed aaH
rne usually about TX 10 four inches a broad, a0s
twelve to thirty inches long, anu, anu ort Of
inch thick, are pressed into layer lay i,eh =,
solid asphalt, not quite hs1r,aa-bone half an bon
thick, In the familiar heIr,nxJb o.a .Jbe-
uattern. To insure q eomplstI and
sion of the wood to the aspnais, ,ha
obtain the smallest possioie Jni i,na6
SoWn o beyelling toward the bottom, SO
that that their cross-sections become wedge,
ike. like. IL is stated that the floors con- con,
.tructed % according to thi' plan are nseo
mainly for ground stories in bar. oarraeks siss
and hospitals, and that they have also IS
been resorted to in the numerous new
Iy constructed forts at Metz.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17

RID Your HOUSE OF RATs.-Cover
the floor near the rat hole with layer
of moist caustic potassa. When the
rats walk on this it makes their feet
sore; these they lick with their tongues
which makes their mouth sore, and the
result is that they shun the locality,
not alone, but appear to tell all the rats
in the neighborhood about it, and
eventually the house is entirely aband-
Oned by them, notwithstanding the
houses around are full of rats.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17

WASHING FLANNELs.-The secret of
washing flannels appears to be not 10 let
them dry slowly, 10 take them in from
the line while still slightly damp and
press them out with a warm iron.
There is difference of opinion about
ironing fiannels, but none about this; /;
that every parii lie OF moisture must be
got out OF them as soon as possible, and
as much a. can be before they are hung
up. Then they may be either pulled
into form, when nearly dry, or press
ed. Never rub soap on ilannels, on
knitted or any woolen goods. Let them
lie fer a short time in cold water, TO
loosen the dust, then plunge them into
very hot lather, with bat little rub
bing. press the moisture out. Hand
wringing fills them up, the wringlng
is best. Then dry very quickly before
the stove in damp and heavy weather,
aud either pull or iron them rapidly,
and they are dOre.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
DOMESTIC.

PICKLING PoRK.-After the back
bone has been taken out, according TO
an intelligent pork-packer, cut on
the top of the shoulder and the thick
part of the sides next to the back, trim
of the lean and cut the pieces into
a shape 10 fit the firkin. Pork from lat
hogs, Weighing two hundred POUNDS
or more, is most suitable. Have per-
fectly tight brineprOof cask or firkin-a
molasses cask is good, whiskey casks
will spoil the meat-cOver the bottom
quarter of an inch deep with ground
alum salt; pack on this one layer of
pork, skin down, as 1t can be
done; cover this again with alum
salt-no other will preserve the por (
and SO on with alternate layers OF
pork and salt, pressing each layer down
with the hands as closely as possible.
The salt ON each layer of meat should
be quarter of an inch thick. After
standing three or four days 1t must Dc
covered with and kept immersed in as
strong brine as alum salt will make. III
properly prepared it will last, entirely
sweet, for more than year. Baked
with white beans it makes delicious
winter dish. and cannot be distinguish
ed from fresh shoat. For frying 1t Is
very economical, superior to lard, and
helps greatly short supply Of the lat
ter. The housekeeper who once enjoy;
the economy and convenience OF one ol
two hundred pounds of family picked
pork will never be without it. 1t has
no relations to the picked or salt pori
of the West. La five or six weeks aftel
the brine is poured on it will be ready
| for use,
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17

The difference in effect between blow
delivered by light hammer travelling
fast, and one delivered by a heavier
hammer travelling more slowly, is that
the effects of the blow are more con-
fined in the first case and more spread
in the second. The blow from light
hammer penetrates but slightly below
the surface; while blow from heavy
hammer penetrates deeply into the
metal which is being forged. In prsc-
lice, 1t will be observed that light, quick
blows have u tendency to drive out of
shape, split and break the iron; while
the force of heavy blows with heavy
hammer moving slowly, penetrates
deeply into the iron, and forces the
mass of the metal out into the desired
shape.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17

OAINEAL.-Give the children oatmeal
at least once day. 1t is a genuine
bone and muscle food and they must
thrive. Could our girls make the
morning and night meals on real nour-
ishment-nOt pastry-take to nOurish
the brain and nerves, We should have
less of the neuralgia among our wom-
en-. Indeed, tins oatmeal mush would
afford ample food for the last meal
which should ordinarily be the light
est, simple and easy of digestion, Sc
curing good sheep, while it may well
form a part of the morning meal. Its
extensive use would do much to pro-
mote health among us.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17

SUBSTITUTE FOR oRlvoRY.-Bonsilate is
the name given TO new substance,
which, it is claimed, will take the place
of ivory, rubber, celluoeid and similar
materials. IL is said to be composed
chiefly Of Underground bone, agglut-
mated by some compound, which, when
in its plastic state, can be moulded into
shape.
Juniata sentinel and Republican. [volume] (Mifflintown, Juniata County, Pa.) 1873-1955, 1880-11-17
Bethany Z. o.. G. X. r.. Ca"


A Ne,o Andestketic Process.-The last
number of the Medical Record contains
a notice of new and curious method
of deadenlng pain, which is Of striking
simplicity. 1t was discovered by DR..
Bonwill a dentist of Philadelphia, in
1875, In 1876 DIR. A. Hewson made
favorable report of his experience with
il to the International Medical Con-
gress, and at recent meeting OF the
Philadelphia County Medical Society
several papers were read on the subject,
and much discussion followed. IL
using the method, the operator merely
req .ests the patient to breathe rapidly,
maxim about 100 respiratiOns per min
ute, ending in rapid putting expira-
tions. At the end of from two to five
minutes an entire o. partial absence OF
pain results for half a minute or more,
and during that time teeth may be
drawn or incisions made. The patiens
may be in any position, but that recon-
mended is lying on the side, and it its
generally best to throw handkerchief
over the face to prevent distraction OF
the patients attention. When the ra-
pid breathing is first begun the patient
may feel some exhilaratIOn; following
this comes a sensation of fulness in the
head or dizziness. The face is at first
flushed, and afterward pale or even
blush, the heart beats rather feebly
and fast, but the sense of touch is not
affected, nor Is CONSCIOUSNESS lost, The
effect produced in females more readily
than in males, and in the .niddle-aged
more easily than in the old; children
can hardly be made to breathe properly.
IL is denied that there is any possible
danger. Several minor operations,
other than frequent dental ones, have
been successfully made by this method, ,
and it is claimed that in dentistry.
minor surgery and obstetrics it may
supplant the common an9sthetics. DIR.
Hewson's explanation is that rapid
breathing dininishes the oxygenation
of the blood, and that the resultant ex-
cess Of carbOnic acid temporarily poi
sons the nerve centres, DR.. Bonwill
gives several explanations, one being
the specific effect of car rbonic acid, an
other the diversion of will force pro-
duced by rapid voluntary muscular ac-
ton, and third, the damming up Of the
blood in the brain, due to the excessive
amount of air passing into the lungs.
The Record Is not satisfied with the
theories, but considers it well proved
that pain may be deadened by the me-
thod, which it commends TO the profes
sion for exact experimental determina-
ton Of its precise value.