The daily dispatch. [volume] (Richmond [Va.]) 1850-1884, 1880-08-13

rHr EpucArIoxAL xsgps or TaE sourHsRN
SrATxs-qHg WORK OF TIE sCHooLAAsIfH'
COLUMBUS, ONO, August 1f.--Presidenl
Hayes aud party arrived here th's morn'ns
20 s,fend the retinion Of ex-soldiers anu
sailors. II had been intended that he shouiu
male creecb nj the Fair.Grounds during
she asy. Int A severe storm prevented us
de,,verv. The speech had, however. been
sarn,sbed 10 Tue press In advance. and VIII
no pubilshed throughout the West to-mor-
II began by saying that the citizens OF
Ohio who were soldiers In the Union a,n,y
rejoice that they have the glorious priviege
Of enlisting and serving on the I'gu. s,ue
in the great conflict for the Union anu 10.
coual rights. He referred 10 the TACT .,a.
during the civil war and the yea's W." 81,
preceded and followed immigra,'ou ie"
of. and became Of comparatively s"a,' . .au,
.,,ancs Rnt now the prosperity OF the
country and the stability OF the Government
bsye given 10 the world confidence IN toe
fnture welfare and greatness OF the UnNeu
States which is pouring upon our snoles
such streams OF immigration as were never
known before. The address continued:
alt is easily seen what u Is tbst coleuy
attracts this immigration. ii goes where
GOOD LAND Is CHEAP;
whore labor and capital find profitable en-
plovment: where peace and sociai oruer
nrevail. and where civil and religious hoer-
~ are secure. II we draw nearer 10 tue
si,l,ject. and ask where in our own country
does this immigration mainly go, the recent
census. whose results we are now getting,
gives us the answer. That census shows Us
par,s Of our country, where land Is cheap
and where capital and labor are needed,
that are not rapidly increasing IN popu..
laiion. In these States 1t Will be found
that two things are wanting: the means
for populor education are not sum-
ciently provided, and the good order OF So
cieiy Is disturbed by practical popular re-
fusal to accept the results OF the war 1or the
Union. These two defects, wherever they
prevail In our American society, are hostile
10 the increase Of population and to pros
perity. They are found generally to exist
together. Where popular education pre-
yaIs the equa-rights amendments to the
Constitution OF the United States, cody
ing the results OF the war, are inviolable.
alt must. perhaps, be conceded that
there was Que great error In the measures
by which Il was sought TO secure the re-
sults--to harvest
THE FRUITS OF OUR UNION VICTORY.
The system OF slavery in the South OF ne
cessity kept in ignorance 4,OOO,VO0 OF
slaves. IL also left unprovided with educa-
ton a large number OF non-slayeholding
white people. With the end OF the war the
slaves inevitably became citizens. The un-
educated whites remained as they had been,
also citizens. Thus the grave duties and
RESPONSIBILITIES of citizenship were de-
VOWED largely in the States lately in rebel
lion upon uneducated people. white and
colored. And with what result? Liberty
and the exercise OF the rights OF CITIZEN
shin are excellent educators. In many re-
specis we are glad TO believe that encour-
aging progress has been made at the South.
The labor system has been re6rganized, ma
tsrial prosperity Is increasing, race pre!u.
dices an6 anfagorisms have diminished, the
passions and animOsiiies If thu war are sub
siding, and the ancient harmony and con-
cord and patriotic national sentiments are
returning. But. after all, we cannot fail to
observe that immigration. which so infalli-
bly, and instinctively finds out the true con-
dilion OF all countries, does not largely go
into the late
sLAvEHOLDISG REGION
OF the United States. A great deal OF cheap
and productive land eau there be found
where population is not rapidly increasing.
When our revolutionary fathers adopted
the ordinance of 1881 for the government OF
the Northwest territory, out OF which Ohio
ard four other great States have been
carved, they were not content with merely
putting into that organic law firm proh-
bition against slavery, and providing effec-
tual guarantees OF civil and religious liber-
~, but they established, as the cornerstone
OF the free Institutions they wished TO build,
This article: Religion, morality, and know
ledge being necessary to good government
and the happiness OF mankind, schools and
the means OF education shall forever be en-
couraged.' Unfortunately for the complete
success OF reconstruction in the South, this
stone was rejected by its builders. Slavery
had been destroyed by the war: but its evils
live after it, and deprive many parts OF the
South Of that intelligent seli-governmeni
without winch, in America at least, great
and permanent prosperity is impossible.
"To perpetuate the Union and to abolish
slavery we're the
WORK OF THE WAR.
To educate the uneducated Is the apprOpfi
ate work OF peace. As long as any cOnsld
cradle number Of our countrymen are un
educated the citizenship OF every American
in every State is impaired in value and
constantly imperilled. 1t is plain that a
the end OF the war the tremendous chang
in the labor and social systems OF the south
ern States, and the ravages and impoverish
ment OF the conflict, added to the burdei
of their debts and the loss OF their who'll
circulating medium, which died in the
hands, left the people OF those States IN NJ
condition to provide for universal popula
education. In recent memorial to Con
Uresa IN fhiS gnhipct in behalf of In
trustees OF the Peabody Educational Fund
Hon. A. II. III. Stuart, OF Virginia, show
that stwo millions OF children In the south
ern States are without the means OF lnstruC
tion,' aud adds, with great force, 'wher
millions Of citizens are growing up 10 tb
grossest ignorance, it Is obvious that ne
Their individual charity nor the resources Q
IMPOVERISHED States will be sufficient
meet the emergency. Nothing short OF tn
wealth and power OF the Federal Govern
ment will suffice to
OVERCOME The EVIL
"The principle applied by general cor
sent to works Of public improvement is Il
point. That principle Is that whenever
public Improvement is OF national impol
lance, and local and private enterprises ar
inadequate TO its prosecution, the Geners
Government should undertake 1t. On thi
principle would deal with the question G
education by the aid OF the national Govern
nent. Wherever in the United States tn
local systems of popular education are IL
adequate they should be supplemented b
the General Government by devotiDg to tn
purpose, by suitable legislation and vii
proper safeguards, the public lands. or,
necessary. appropriations from the Ireasur
OF the United States.