davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
DEATHS FROM LIGHTNING IN EUROPE.
From The London Neics.

The fatalities from lightning verv much
greater in number and extent than Is generally sup
posed. In European Russia alone the deaths iS fNI
women. No fewer than 4.092 fires are here also
officially reported from the same cause during TINS
period In Prussia where the registration OF the
causes of death is exceptionally careful 1904 per-
sons reported killed by lightning IN the n1e
years from 1889 to 1877. Ii we may trust the re-
port of our Reglstrar-Genera this country is more
fortunate in this regard for during the same period
only 1874 such deaths are registered for England
and Wales but our returns are admittedly incom-
plete.
lightning occasoned upward of 40 900 fires. and
DESTROYED moro than ], 700 lives In SWltzerland
the returns seem curlousiy variable. for ehAlnpie,
in 1866 only three such deaths are reported wnle
IN 1877 we find ~ many as thirty. Of the deaths
by lightning in France, 81. BOudin some years ago
collected statistics which showed that during the
thirty wears beginning IN 1884 and ending in 1858,
as many 2,03S people were struck dead by
lightning in that country. During the last ten
years of this period the deaths amounted to $50,
and of these only 243 were women Nothing. in-
deed Is more striking in these statistics than the
uniform preponderaDce IN the numbers OF the male
over those of the female sex with the exception OF
SWeden-where, for some reason not explained ana
not easily TO be imagined this prepOnderance is not
so observable-here seem TO be generally about two
men killed to one woman. The traveller who ac-
counted for the immunity of the Swedish woman by
their comparative lack of personal attractions
ungallant, and we believe. moreover, as IN
correct in his facts he certainly wanting IN
the decorum that forbids esng on serious subjects
The country seems invariably to suffer more than
the town the village more than the great city.
Public buildings fare, 1t seems little better than
private houses. though q century and quarter has
elapsed since Franklin's famous experiment with
the kite demonstrated the possibility of controlling
the electric fluid, and nearly century has passed
since the learned, taking interest in lightning con
ductors were divided into hostile factions on the
famous question of knobs points" Mr.. Ander-
son estimates that at least One-haf, and perhaps
two-thirds of the public buildings. including the
churches and chapels OF Great Britain and Ireland,
are without any protection against lightning while
ii is believed tnat not five out of thousand private
houses are fitted with conductors. st. PauPs was
among the first buildings in Europe to he protected.
BENJAMIN tranklin's lightning rods" having
been first set up Sir Christopher Wren's dome
in 176s
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

rise from the eastern limb, as vertical, thin
and very brilliant luminous jet. The dis
placement of the line in the spectroscope
corresponded to velocity of 80 kilometres
per second, and the protuberauce rose To q
height equal to half the solar radius, or about
343,OOO kilometres. After rising it enlarged
to prodigious dimensions, its brightness sem
sibly diminishing. especially near the base.
BY about 1 p. IN. II had become hardly visible;
A cur Gus fact Is, that while the lower and
middle part of this protuberance gave deyi-
alton of the line G. toward the violet, the top
presented a nearly equal deviation toward
the red.
Mr.. w. R. Brooks, Red House Observatory,
Phelps, n. Y, writes to The Scientific Amer,-
can One of the very finest groups OF sun
spots it has ever been my pleasure to witness
was observed by me through the hve-inch
Newtonian telescope on the morning OF
September II, 1850. 1t was stu. situated f
the suns disk aud the western limb
south of the equator. Its length was enor-
NOUS occupying space equal to one-quarter
of the suns diameter, and therefore over
2OO, 900 miles in length. The whole group
was remarkable for its brillance and distinct
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
SCRAP BAG.

BABY's JACKEr-H. c. H. writes "Wll some
one kindly give me a pattern for baby's coat in
crazy stltchf | should like one that is surely
correct for a baby six months old. | have seen
them for sale and they are very pretty. Also the
amount of worsted required. have used the RO-
man Afghan pattern. and it Is lovely. GRO
cheted instead of knitting, aud worked the black
stripes with autumn leaves."-If II. c. II. will turn
Woman's Extra No. 80, she will lind general direc
there explained, and clear directions are given for
making with ii child's Jacket and some other
things.
MiTTFNs.-K. asks for directions for knitting
mitten with one finger, size for a gentleman"-L.
H. c. also asks for directions for knitting a short
pair of mittens for her three-year-old daugh-
ter-Directions for both knitting and crochetiDg
mittens will be found on pages 2, ., and Of the
WOman's Extra No. SO price 10 cents, which can
still be had at the Office There is also useful pat
tern on page 27 of the new Knitting and Crochet
Extra No. 81. Both these Extras will be sent 10
any address for 25 cents. The Department will,
however be glad to receive n few samples of nit
tens which readers have found useful. Mrs c. 8
NJ promises one, knit in stripes of the old-fash-
ioned shell stitch, which will be promptly printed
when received
A BRIGHT PUPIL-X. writes: What / know
about knitting have learned entirely from your
columns and yet have advanced far enough TO
presume TO send you some corrections. Here fol-
lowed some well taken points about that much dis
cussed subject, Normandy lnsertion Thanking
you heartily for the new enjoyment afforded me
rcmaln, ETC., etc"
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
PROPER NAMES.
From The Globe.

How TO pronounced . proper name ls often matter
of difficulty IL might be presumed That the way IN
which a man pronOunces his own name, or the peo-
pie of place pronounce the name OF their town,
ought to De our guide. But there is, in the first
place the difficulty of ascertanpg what that is.
Itis not everybody who knows that the name of
Lord Cowper IS pronounced Cooper. that MarlOri-
banks is Marchbanks, that ChOlmOndeley is Chum-
lev that Belvor Castle is BeevOr, that Bicester Is
Blister Everybody, however, acquainted with the
local or personal usage would conform with 1t.
With ancient foreign names the case Is different.
A discussion Is now progressing in contemporary
as to how Indian names, for instance. should be
spelled One party is in favor of retaining the form
which has obtained European currency. Another
advocates translIterntOn or conversion OF the ma
tive symbols into English equivalents, and would
smell Lucknow LakhnaO;" Cawnpore, Kanh-
pur !" and Poonah, - Puma" And what is now TAX
ing place with respect To Indian proper names has
long since occurred in the case of classical and
cal friends would call Edward the Confessor Fad
ward ~ lust as Greek pnrst would speak OF Her
cules as Heracles," and Plato as I" Platon." The
question TO be decided Is this: Ought to be gov
erned by usage or by the decisions OF abstra
scholarship The French do not waitt discuss the
subject They pronounce every name as they would
do If IL were French. Thus with them, Titus
Livius, whom we name Ivy" becomes Tite-
Live" and Goethe, even In an official document is
sued by the French Academy. appears a. Nj.
Gotep We suppose no hard-and- fast line be
Land down on the subject. Caprice has had much TO
do In the pronunciation of proper names. An edu-
Gated Englishmau would. for examination, pro-
nounce Rouen OF Versailles much as possible
Frenchman would bur he would consider himself
pedantc were he 20 pronounce Paris In the same
way The truth is certain forms have crvsralllzed
and been cOnsecrated by history, and, whatever may
be the case with new words seeking admission to
the anguage. IL would be well that these f0rms
should be retained.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
A. ROSETTE.

Rosettes are often useful In tides. borders and
the like. To make the above. begin with chain
of stitches and unite in ring In this loop work
20 trebles.
I'd round Work l ch and 1 treble over each
treble of the last round.
Sd round: 'On the treble and next chain make
leaf thus: The cotton twice round the needle take
ap the stitch, work through Q. cotton the needle
draw through 2; cotton on the needle. take up the
stitch again. work through 2, cotton on the needle
work through q cotton Or the needle take up the
oext stitch and work ali of the needle. loops at
tine then ch. Repeat from.
4th round: l DC on the middle Of the ch.,
ch.. DC on the middle of the next Oh; repeat
from . Fasten off neatly at the end of the round.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
GREAT COAT FOR A LITTLE BOY.
Fyop, The wceklg Tribune

rh,., r..t,,l I;ttle article for boy Of four to
FIVE years old Use No. 10 knitting needles, WIN
stout German knitting yarn OF single zephyr Vi
merino worsted as may be preferred of which at
least 10 to IA ounces will be required.
Regin the coat by casting on 81 stitches for the
hack and work with two needles IN looped knittng'
that is the lst row needle is knitted IN loops 'ne
Cd row or return needle III plain knitting Cut Oh
the thread when the stitches are cast on, ana slar
on the 18th stitch: knit from this stitch 20 sltches
In loops eacn loop is emitted by passing the wool
three times round the first finger of the ieit hand
and over the needle better and surer Way of
keeping the loops firm is to pass the wool tnree
times round the needle and finger, knit the stitch
off as usual then put the eft-hand needle INTO the
stitch and knit another in it. This must be done
tightly.
When the so loops are knitted. turn. knit plain
the 80 and more on the foundation chain turn
knit these 4. the 80 and more on the foundation
chain In loops turn, knit back these 3S plain. and
q more: turn AZ loops and more; turn, 46 plain.
and more on the foundation chain; turn 80 loops.
and a more turn 54 plain. and more; tuIn, KNIT
the whole 90 in loops turn. knit all plain. lou
now work So rows Of looped knitting and 80 plain.
71st row: Cast of the first for the armnole and
cast off the last cut off the wool Join at the 9th
stitch Knit In loops and knit back plain; knit
10 more rows of loops and 10 plain rows III the
last of the plain decrease stitches In beginning
and ending the row. This begins the shoulder; !;
decrease in the same way in each plain row in the
next Is rows This should leave you with 70
stitches which finishes the back.
The fronts are next worked Make chain OF 81
stitches; knit 10 stitches in loops; knit back and
4 more. and so on until all are raised; the extra
stitches are to be taken on one side only Knit 80
whole rows then decrease by casting off for the
armhole 13 loop rows and decrease on the left SIDE
in the plain rows stitches for the shoulder and IN
the last rows decrease as well in the neck Knit
the other front in the same manner, reversing the
side for the decreasings. Join the shoulders and
knit rows of loops round the neck for collar /;
finish the last row with a little edge of pcots In
crochet made by working a DC on the first
stitches, -3 chain, l single on the last DC; DC
on the two next stitches repeat from :.
The sleevei Cast on 26 stitches and knit so
looped rows; in the next row decrease stitch In
the beginning; knit plain. knit together
twice. knit plain knit together; then a
looped row. Repeat these rows twice more, always
decreasing as given. and cast off Sew up the
sleeves and sow into the armholes add buttons. 1t
makes a particularly warm little garment TO line
through with flannel
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

Decrease IL rounds for toe with one plain round
between-4S decreasings IN all.
Cast off with "a stitches.
FOR TWO TO THREE YEARS OLD CHILD.
Merlno wool needles No. Is.
Cast on IL stitches.
Ribbing-knit "a rounds
LeQ-1 II stitches-kuit So rounds plain, increas-
ing 2 stitches on the second round. -
Sarrow1nps-3 intakes with rounds between,
with rounds. 3 with rounds. with rounds
with 10 rounds between.
Ankle-s6 stitches-kDt 43 rounds
Heels stitches-knit 3S rows. PICK mp the
stitches on side rll there 81 each side needle
Foot-s0 stitches-knit 53 rounds -,
Decrease iu IA rounds for the toe with plain
round between-56 decreasDgs IN all.
Cast of with / 5 stitches on each needle
FOR A Guild FOUR To FIVE YEARS.
Fine German knitting yarn needles No. l6
Cast on 90 stitches.
RibbinR-kBIt "a rounds. ,
Lsg-92 stitches-knt plain 5l4 inches in length.
Narrowings-4 intakes with rounds between,
with rounds, 3 with z rounds, and with rounds.
Aukle-6G stitches-knit 2lo inches.
Heel-33 stitches-knlt 80 rounds pick up the
stitches TILL there 20 each OF the side needles
Foot SO stitches-knit inches.
Decrease for toe ii rounds-44 decreasings in all
with one plain round between.
Cast off with IL stitches each needle.
FOR BOY OF sRvEN YEARS.
Coarse German knitting yarn needles No. IA.
Cast on S5 stitches.
Ribbing-knit inch.
Leg-S5 stltches-knt 10 rounds before narrow
ing.
Ankle-65 stitches-knit 40 rounds
Heel-33 sttches-knit "a rows
FOOTE'S stitches-knit 40 rounds decreasing on
second round.
Decrease rounds in the leg with plain rounds
between.
Decrease IL rounds for the toe-4S in all.
Cast off with stitches each needIe-l6 In all.
THE ANNIE STOCKING.
girls stocking. needles. No IA.
Cast on 6s stitches.
Ribbng-knIt inches.
Leg-6S stltches-knit inches before decreasing
Anke-56 stitches-knit inches.
Heel-27 stitches-knit inches.
Foot-56 siItches-knlt inches
Decrease IN rounds of the leg-12 decreasings-
with 10 rounds between each decreasing round.
DECREASE In 5 rows of the heel, which is a French
beel-lO decreasings IN all.
Decrease in rounds of the toe, with plain
rounds eetween-32 decreasings.
Cast of with "a stitches.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE
TEA.TRAY ELECTRoPHORUs.

Nature gives the following: A common tea
tray Of metal is supported on tw" dry glass
tumblers. A pltce OF common brown paper
cut 50 as 10 be little smaller than tie tiay,
and with rounded corners, il warned, laid on
the table, and rubbed briskly. with piece OF
ndiarubber or with a clothes brush. 1t Is
then laid down for an instant on the tray ana
the tray il touched with the hand. Inc
brown paper is then lifted a iew incnes aoore
the tray. III at this juncture some person
presents his knuckle to the tray he VIII re-
ceive bright spark, which under favorable
circumstances may he couple or lncnes long
By simply putting the paper down, touching
the tray and again lifting up the paper, the
tray is again charged and a large number OF
sparks may be thus drawn one after the other
in rapid succession. The paper may be lifted
by the hands, but it will be found better II a
couple of ribbons or strips of paper be hxen
on with wax to serve as Handles.
The sparks obtained by the tea-tray electro
phorus may produce slight pricking sensation,
but TO give a regular electric shock Will
oblige us to store up charge in Leyden lar
This piece of apparatus Is improy ylsed IN the
following fashion A round bottomed glass
tumbler is procured-if of thin glass it is pre-
feIable-and is filed to about three quarters
of its height with leaden shot. III shot Is NOT
at hand dry cOa-dust will answer, but not so
WELL and great care must be taken 10 wipe
clean the upper part OF the tumoler: Every
thing must be warm and scrupulOusly dry. into
the shot n silver spoon is stuck 10 serve the
place of a rod and knob. I his is held by grasp
ing it well in the hollow of the hand. so that
the hand may cover the whole of the rounded
bottom of the glass. Having thus prepared
and grasped the Leyden jar, charge 1t 1th
sparks from the tea-tray electrophorus 1t
should be held with the spoon handle near TO,
but not quite touching the edge OF the tea
tray, while another person performs the opera
tions of lifting the brown paper up and putting
il down, then touching the tray, then lifting 1t
md anO IN n
been sent into the jar On tonching the knob
a smart little shock Is experienced in the wrists
and elbows, and short bright swapping spark
announces the discharge of the jar.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
EFFECTS OF BREATHING OXYGEN.

vonng Frenchman, NJ. Aune, has lately
made expeIime nts on himself relative to this
question which lie has chosen as the subject
of a medical thesis. The experiments lasted
four weeks. during which time he submitted
himself to a uniform regime as regards guam
tity and quality of food muscular exercise
and intellectual work. He took oxygen Only
during the second and the third week, iDhal-
ing between 40 and SO litres of it daily
but during the whole time he made careful
record of temperature, pulse, respiration, etc.
The conclusions arrived at are briefly as fol-
lOwsi
Inhalation of oxygen made under physiO-
logical conditions does not cause any incOnve-
nience One may absorb 100 litres, and even
more. daily Oxygen increases the appetite
and develops the functions OF assimilation /;
and on this account 1t tends TO Increase the
weight of the body. 1t produces slight in
toxcatOn, and tingling sensations in the ex-
tremities. 1t raises the temperature very
slightly. Under its influence the respiratory
movements and the pulsatiOns become more
numerous Oxygen has an incOntestable ac-
tiop ON certain elements of the blood Ii in
creases the number OF red cOrDuscles and OF
bematoblasts and the richness of the former
in hemoglobin. IC has no influence on the
white corpuscles. NJ. Aune did not experience
that sensation of heat in the chest of which
some authors have spoken in connection with
this subject. Commenting on NJ. Aunes ex-
neiimeuTs VI. Hoy EN- remarks that the effects
are only temporary, and that while lnhala-
ton of oxygen may be OF service through
fayorjng assimilation, 1t could not be made q
defnitiye treatment, and it would be necessary
always to administer iron IN addition. The in
haIafion gives very good results in the case
of dyspeptic phenomena and obstinate vomit-
in0
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
CROCHET INSERTION.

This charming crochet insertion is contributed By
Faith Ford;
Make 10 ch., for foundation.
1st row IC. in 4th ch. OF foundation 2 OH, 3
TIC. IN same place. ch., l DC in 4th ch.. from the
one used last; ch 8 TC In the end of chain 2 ch.,
8 TC in same place.
Cd row: ch., 3 re under chain. ch. 2, 8 re in
same p ace, ch., DC in 4th of 4 ch. / ch. &c.
under 2 ch.. 3 TC In same place.
All the succeeding rows are like the second.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
STOCKING KNITTING.
EXAMPLES.

careful study Of the preceding articles will
have enabled the reader to understand thor
ouchly the whole art and mystery of knitting
a plain stocking. The principles laid down and
elucidated apply to stockings OF all sizes. and the
Intelligent knitter who has mastered the principles
will find little difficulty in varying the details TO
suit any particular case. As help, however, vari-
ops examples of stockings are appended. These
ara taken from different sources, and comprehen-
sive enough to supply most of the demands OF the
kntter.
THE ERNEST SOCK.
German or Scotch yarn :; 4 needles. No IA.
Cast on sc.
Ribbing-knIt 2, purl 2-knit inches.
LeC-56 stitches-knt inches before decreasing. 9.
Ankle-50 sttches-knit inch.
Heel-25 stitches-knit 2 inches.
Foot-50 stitches-knit inches.
Decrease In rounds Of the leQ-6 decreasinRs in
nll-with 10 plain rounds between each decreasing
round
Decrease in rounds CT the toe-24 decreasings
In al-with plain rounds betw cen the decreasing G
rounds
Turn the heel after the Sarah pattern.
Cast of with &c stitches.
INFANTS STOCKING.
Meripo wool needles No. IS.
Cast on so stitches.
RbbiDg-2 plain, purl. "a rounds
Lee-sO stitches-knit 43 rounds-increasing 3
stitches on second round.
Narrowings-2 intakes with rounds between (; )
Intakes with rounds between; int axes with s
rounds between.
AnkIe-69 stitches-lSnit l Il inches.
Ueel-35 stitches-knit inch.
Foot-69 stitches-knit 33 rounds. knitting 2
tooether at back of foot the first round to reduce
10 IS stitches.
Decrease for toe IL rounds. with 1 plain round
between--4s decreasings in all.
Cast off with 20 stitches.
FOR CHILD NINE TO TWELVE MONTHS OLD
MerBO wool No. Is needles.
Cast on 92 stitches.
Ribbing-24 rounds.
Ieg-92 stitches-63 rounds plain increas ing
stitch the first round.
Narrowings-3 intakes each side ith rounds
between. with rounds, 3 with 10 rounds, with
j rounds between.
Ankle-73 stitches-knit rounds.
lirel-37 stltches-knit % rows.
Foot-73 stitches-lInit 43 rou nds. on the lst
round knitting 2 together at bottom OF foot to make
N number.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

"Here, lend US hand, somebody" cried
good little Billy struggling 20 climb over the back
fence to run away the circus. And his kind father
who happened 10 be near and heard him. came up and
lent him maud ab0as the SIZE OF u sugar-cured ham.
sixteen seventeen dimes. Aud the next time he
Lhe oIrchs BiIY wIll tTy TO get al0ng alone.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03
SOLAR ACTIVITY.

A remarl able solar protuberance was OBJ
served by NJ. Thollon. on August 80, Mt the
Pnr,. Observatory. About IL u. IN. he saw it
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

Coffee houses are gaming in favor IN E6ToDe,
whatever their prospects MAJ be IN this oonu-
try. They have been welcomed in Sweden,
where the temperance question IL attracting IN
ere lsed attention. There was a very large at
tendance upon temperance meetings held IN
JOnkoping few weeks age.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

The Baptist Convention of Massachusetts, at
recent adjourned meeting. accepted the
rather novel bequest of Deacon Asa Wilbur, OF
about sixty pews in the Bowdoin Square Meet
mo House
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

King, city uf So 900 ,Elab',.mfs, says:
- REPRESENTATIVES Of thr Buii-t AMI ~eotsh
Bible >Oceties were foYnc here - really = "a
n most rrmash .5,e So: rlgt it 49, araing sfh.
cul, f1r b ble c0lr. rcrs in Chi8a 20 tDd q
market for their books which has aoi already
I ,.ez, partly spelled ty soaie predecS.so,'
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

Tho seven largest congregational churches
in this country are Plymouth. Brooklyn. 2,549
members; First. Chicago LIB; Central.
Brooklyn. 1.odSi Broadway Tabernacle New
Brooklyn, 966 Church of the Dnciples, New
York City, s47 First 0berlin, Ohio, 743.
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

The American Missionary Association VIII
hold its thirty fourth annual meeting at Nor
wich, Coun., October 12-14, In the Broadway
New-York tribune., 1880-10-03

Abort 81 900 have been COLLECTED for an
EpIscoDal charch--St Csorge's-ll iIrldyille.
Col and the eorncg -3tD3e was recently iaia.
ADolt $4,000 more yill be necessa 10 carry
out the architects plans, and subscriptions Tor
this purpose are solicited. Just at present " IS
not as easy to raise money in Leadville as it
once was.