, 1880-08-16

FettOU Citizens - on nave t"""
here named after one of the trainers ana
first sionrrs nt the Declaration of Indies
pepdrncr. He signed his name IN very
bio letters. and he helped to make ma
tion that we think should he spelled with
= bio initial letter: that name | have n"
doubt reflects par: of its glory upon the
people of your Town and all ci'iZ"ns of
the Union and the shartrs "f the bless
inss of the nation which he helped to
found.
This is graceful tribute to one of the
most Distinguished narnrs among the
fathers and founders of this h public; "
name to be vrn-ratrd ST. long as this Re-
public ehsll last. 1t reminds Us It the
same time tina, the grandson OF tl'' lis
lustrinus statesman and patriot, VIII"
bears his namA asssciated with that of
one of the most illustrious Generals of
the Republic, the hero Of two wars. viii
in history bear no less Distinguished
great ancestor did in forming it Mr..
Garfield. however. pervrIts history WHEN
lie saws John Hancock "helpel tr make
a nation." The immortal Derlarat or :"
which he gave hrs signature in such n
bold hand, cmphaticaliv saws:
"Thrsr United Colnnirs are. anh nf
right ought to- he. FREE and INpEPEND-
ENT STATES that they arc abSDlvrl from
all lrynre t. the British crown. and
that all political onnrxinn brtw, I'm thu"
and rh" safe "t Great Britain. is. and
ought to be. tot Nv dissnlvc,i; AMI tn t.
as FREE and INDEPENDENT STATES
they have full power ~ levy war, r"m
Clude pracr. enntr,tct ufEianc, = rstHI.li~h
commerce. and ~ 'o all other acts ~
things which INDEPENDENT STATES
may of right do
Il Mr.. Garfield will examine the "riei-
nal enrolled Declaration signed Ivy John
see the words cnpi' allzcd as IN the above
extract, evidently 10 emphasize the t"ct
that it was the act of independent SOW
reign States. and not that of c','.so ila-
ted government The Revolution was III
itself conflict with nriiona'ty; Il r.
bellion a. ainSt national domination. -
This idea was maIntained 10y TIE 'tlIer>
of the R public at every stage from ih"
beginning of the war II, ,til the formation
OF the Union und | the Consi itui i"n.-
The Treaty ct Peace with Great Britain
at the close of tie R"voiu ionar, War
recognized each State specifically as IN
independent sovereignty. Tie Articles
OF Confederation were of the same tenor.
The Cunstiturion which WAS established
Gin order TO inrm more peri, ct Unior
establish justice, insure domestic tram
qniliry, provide Tor the common defence,
promote the general welfare, and secure
the blessings of liberty to ourselves and
our posterlty," utterly ignored tie con-
solidation expressed by the tcrm. nations
al No such term was usrd. At the
powers conferred upon the Genera. Gov
ernment were expressly delegated and
specifically limited, applying only TO
general objects, all others being reserved
to the States, or the people in whom the
severe gntv was inherent. The Cons'i-
tuition expressly says:
The powers not delegated to the Uni>
ted States 10y the Consti 'utiun, nor pro-
hibite1 by it to the States. are reserved
TO the States respectively, or to the peo
Pile"
No terms could De employed to more
distinctly express the idea that s"ve
reignty resided in the States respective
ly, and that the powers of the General
Government were exclusively delegated,
not sovereign. The form of the Govern
ment intended was expressed in the
phrases " Republic of Republics and
:" Inseperablc Union of indestructible
States" EstO Pe1petua," and in the
motto: . q Pluribus Unum"-a urion of
many independent individualtes, not a
consolidated unity, but like the solar sys-
TEN, each star revolving in its own orbit
around a common centre by law OF
gravitation common to all and lndepend-
ent of each Other. Under that system
there never could have been any clashing
or collision so long as the General Gov
crnment confined itself within the limits
of its charter and the States abstained
from meddllng with the affairs of Others.
The compact was perpetual in its terms,
with 20 provision for its annulment, but
~ general consent. The exercise of
=, . . + ...i <...,;- II !