davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

systems Of Jurisprudence: the civil
law of Rome and the common law Of
England. The latter is, on the whole
the best the ingenuity of man has yet
devised. But it is too often forgotten
that it was matured in the shade of a
monarchy; and it would have been
strange, indeed, had it escaped un-
tainted by the government und'
which it attained its present proper
tions. 1t is from this law, tinctured
BY this government, that the bail Of
our legal system is derived. Although
this anomaly has frequently been com
mented upon, it has never received the
attention its importance should com
mand.
Alexis DeTocqueville, one of the
ablest of the foreigners who have
visited the United States and written
concerning its institutions, says, in
Democracy in America, page 90, Of
DR.. Francis Bowen's translation
Laws and customs are frequently to
be met with in the United States
which contrast strongly with all that
surrounds them. These laws seem
to be drawn up in a spirit contrary to
the prevailing tenor Of American
legislation and these customs are no
less opposed to the general tone Of
society. II the English colonies lad
been founded in an age of darkness
OF if their origin was already lost in
the lapse of years the problem would
be insoluble.
II shall quote a single example to
illustrate my meaning. The civil and
criminal procedure Of the Americans
has only two means of action-com-
initial or bail. The first act Of the
magistrate is to exact security from
the defendant, or, in case Of refusal.
to ~incarcerate him: the ground of the
accusation and the Importance Of the
charges against him are there dis
eussed.
st is evident that such a Legislation
is hostile to the poor, and favorable
only TO the rich. The poor nan has
not always a security to produce, even
in a civil case; and if he is obliged to
wait for justice in prison, he is speed
lily reduced to distress. A wealthy
person, on the contrary, always escapes
imprisonment in a civil case; nay,
more, if he has committed a crime he
may readily elude punishment by
breaking his bail. Thus all the pen
alties of the law are, for him, reduced
to fines. Nothing can be more aristo
cratic than this system of legislation
Yet IN America it is the poor who
make the law, and they usually reserve
the greatest advantages Of pociety to
themselves. The explanation of the
phenomenon is to be found in Eng
land; the laws of which | speak are
English, and the Americans have re
lined them, altogether %repugnant to
the genera tenor Of their legislation
and the mass Of their ideas"
Long ago as this widely read wcrk
was written, the system Of bail which
it shows to be SO unjust continues to
existin every state Of the union. Yei
thirty-two states out Of the thirty
eight possess homestead exemption
laws which are as unjust to the credi.
tor as they are evil in their influence
upon the debtor.
~
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
NOTICE
To Tax : Payers

hEHPHIs, Tenn, December /, 1880.
TNHE Taxing District December Sewerage
1 Tax 0 per cent on property and Msr-
chants capital l. now due. / hope ali parties
will come forward promptly and ppythe same,
AZ II will be my duty to collect by distraint
after forty days, which will add costs,
19ol N. l.. MCGOWAN. Cnnniv Trr-ian
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
EaR. J. n. BATES,

Newspaper Advertising Agent,
Al PARK ROW,
VIlneI bpildinFl, New York, Is authorised
TO cOntract or advertisements in the
Daily and Weekly Public Ledger.
at our hest rates. TX
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

Why throw away your illustrated
papers and magazines when you can
have q nice book made from them AZ
the LEDGER bindery7
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
Trustees sale.

RY virtue Of the power conferred upan ms
~ by a certain trust deed made on the 18th
gay o. May. lsSe, now Of record in the Reg
page 6l8, and default having been made IN
the payment Of the Indebtedness thereby Sc
cured, Will, as trustee, at the request 81
the Beneficiary therein. ~ Va
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

But the most curious aspect Of the
ease is that the law Of bail is usually
found inserted in the state constitu-
tions as one Of the rights of the citi
gen.. It is found in the constitution
Of Pennsylvania, ia tho bill Of rights.
sections 18th and 14th. Thus by the
fundamental law of this common
wealth, made by its constitutions
convention and ratified by its people.
this unjust system Of taking bail was
only seven years ago, reasserted and
enforced as q right. 1t is one of the
privileges Of the w%ealty-one of the
wrongs of the poor. Yet the conven.
ton adopted both of these sections
without one word Of debate. (SeG
Debates Of the Constitutional Conveu-
ton Of Pennsylvania, Of 1873; volume
), page 631) The organic law Of the
state declares, therefore, that the pun
ishment for all crimes less han muir
der in the first degree shall be to the
rich, a fne-to the poor, imprisOn
ment.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
Trustee,s Sale.

Rf virtue Of the terms of a trust deed 10 me
~ executed by Isaac W. Bass on the 2sth day
Oh DGeemoer lsf, TO secure the payment Of
date, the note for $3.50 being unpaid, 1 will,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

1t has ever been the boast Of Amer
leans that in the United States all
men are eQuSl before the law. Not
eyen the accident Of an accident
as Lord Thurlow called the Duke of
GraftOu-would here receive any spe-
cial consideration. We claim that the
genius of our institutions will allow
no distinctions in favor Of wealth,
rank, or intellect, or on account Of
race, color, or previous condition Of
servitude." Yet, in spite Of this
Boosting. there is perhaps no nation
upon the globe in which men are so
unequal before the lawn which the
accident Of an accident" if he were
rich, would receive more eoDsidera-
tion--in which the distinction is 50
great in favor Of wealth and against
poverty. And If the proposition be
true that justice cannot be attained
save by equsl laws, prove that our iu.
dicial customs are in any particular
unequal in their application is a dem.
onstration that they are not Just to all
That the common law system o
taking bail makes the most invidiou.
ofall distinction that between thu
rich and the poor-is 50 manifest tina
it need only to be stated to show it
justice. 1t declares in so many word
that for all crimes whatever, whethe
mala prohibita or mala in Sc, the poo
are liable to suffer the severest penal
ties prescribed-that for all crime
less than murder the opulent ma.
escape with a fine.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
The Common Law Bail system
For the PUBLIC LEDGER.

The common law Of the United
States is derived from, founded upon
and almost identical with the common
law Of England. 1t consists of i'm
memorial customs, p~eaceable, rea-
sOnable, certain, compulsory and CON
sistent. 1t is found in the records OF
the several courts of justice, in books
Of reports and judicial decisions pre-
served and handed down to us from
times Of the highest antiquity" So
great is the respect entertained for it
by the legal profession that its men,
bers have ever delighted to call it
'tthe collected wisdom Of ages" and
sad to regard as little less than bias
phemy, an intimation that it is not a
system Of absolute perfection. Black
stones Commentaries on this law il
the hrst book placed IN the hands OF
The American law student, and with it
ks generally receives some admonition
s1sh as my preceptor gave me, After
yssr bible reverence your Black
stone" The exaggerated respect in
which il ia held il undoubtedly pro-
S1etiVs Of great good. but just as I'M
cozbtedly the chief cause Of a great
evil. When It simply regards every
proposed innovation with suspicion,
snd gives the benefit Of doubts to an
rient usage, the conservative spirit is
sUrtue. When it goes beyond this
st is always a folly and very frequently
n crime. Many Of the customs of the
common law are wise and salutary,
and many are merely absurd. The
one we are at present about to con-
slider is infamous; its existence in our
judicial syatem is criminal.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
Wednesday, the 18th dayOf DeCbr.. 1880,

between the hours Of IL am. and l p.m., at
tse southwest corner Of Main and Madison
s%treets, In Memphis, the Taxing District Of
shelby county, Tenn, offer end sel al public
cutlery to the highest bidder Tor cash, tbe fol-
lowing real estate in said Memphis. Taxing
District Of Shelby county, Tenn, to-witi
LOT , IN block So, in South Memphis. beefn-
ming at a point on the south side of pontotoe
street, and seyenty-fve feet east Of Che point Of
intersection Of the said south side of Pontoloe
street with tho east line Of Mulberry Greet,
thence east On and with said goutk line Of
POntotoo street fifty feet; thence south one
hundred and fifty feet; thence west, parallel
with PontotQc street flty feet; thence norm
parallel with Mulberry street one bundled
and hity Ieet to the beginning, being the sa,ss
property conveyed by Henry Bsrnagd 10
Charles Fox BY deed, Of record IN book s0'
part Z, page 4, County Reglsteris oaice. and ~
AID Fox to said Susan II. Mshermott.
cash. VIVA AoIms
Tne title 70 this property has been carefully
examined and approved, but l shan sell and
convey In the character OF trustee only.
?. b, JONES, Trustee.
". ,. Trezevant, Attorney. 5090
IL. H.. duiOn, Agctioneer,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
Where Garfield Can Find a
Cabinet

Reeds Gilt Edge Tonic cures dyspopsis
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

Suppose that Richard Roe is a mil
lionaire, and John Doe il a pauper.
and that they are indicted for arson.
Their bail is set at FIVE thousand dol
lars each. If guilty, Richard Roe
forfeits his surety and goes to Europe
on a grand tour while his companion,
unable to find bail, is imprisoned,
tried, and sentenced to the peniten.
tiary foT life. If innocent, the mil
lionaire, escaping Imprisonment, is
I given time to obtain witnesses, evil
deuce,and attorneys, and to prepare his
case for trial. He is then almost 40.
solutely certain of acquittal. Mean
while his poor companion languishes
in his cell. aud can prepare neither
witnesses o evidence; and is proba-
bly, without even an attorney when bis
case comes to trial. He is then almost
absolutely certain Of conviction.
VI,
Oflate years the red aagof the com
munist has been more than once un.
furled in the streets of American
cities. The surest and best method
of burying it forever is to allow nc
poison to mix with the pure fountain,
Of justice. This system Of bail should
be changed; the laws should recognize
no distinction between the rich and
the poor-they should ensure the pun.
ishment of all criminals-they should
replace injustice with justice, and
make all men, in reality, equal before
, the law. Then, indeed, might the
English lex o scripta be called "tbe
collected wisdom Of ages"
HoRAB.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
Burnetrs COcoaiue.

Haed's Gilt Edge Tonic assists digestion
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

between she hours Of II a. IN. and a Ia
front Of the courthouse door, in tbe Smrs ~
Memphis, sell at public auction m w MIX 81
bidder for cash, the following > reel. ofRroupd
block 10, according 10 snS =, o., = ana ~ IN
division Or tract surveyed by ]. II, MncInrs-
county surveyor. made January 8, 1870
Sald 9lock IS or. the northwest corner of pan.
line street AID Union avenue.
Ilte DsIeyed Il be good, but l will sell and
convey only as trustee.
Metcalf K Walker, Ats. sIoS9
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

Tuesday EVENING Dec, 7. 1880
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
Trustees Sale.

PURSUANT to the terms Of a certain deed
1 OF trust Of October Il, 1876, executed byW.
! MeDerlnott, and his wife, Susan N. Nc
Derm9tt, 70 John A. Holt, trustee, now de-.
c.aseu, and 70 ms successors in office, to Sc
and Sayings Association Of Memphis, which
deed Of trust Is recorded in the Register Office
OF shel6y, county, Tenn, in book ia, page 2s0,
sag indebtedness being past due and unpaid,
I !. Jones. having been legally appointed
an9 qua,iued successor to said John A.. Holt,
i,e, VIII at the request Of the benefeiary, on
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
Trustees sale,

Under aud by virtue of a trust deed. exc
euted to me as trustee, Of date MAY 9Th,
1874, OF record in the Registers Office of Shell
by county, in book l05, page lis, 10 secure an
Indebtedness therein mentioned, Twin, on
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07
DELlR0UENT'S TAX NOTICE.

RY HUeH B. CULLEN, b. G.
II. M. Hill. Admiuistrator. pto0 o. 100
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-12-07

NAAAk NANA NHAAhA
malice for southerners who are en-
deayoring to rise above the wreck ant
crash Of war, and the ~subsequen.
seoundrelly rule of villainous carpe
baggers. Until reading his communi
cation in to-day's Times l considered
that the correspondent referred t,
was merely writing according to in
structions, but upon peTusal Of hi
sentiment that he was not sorry Han
cock was defeated, simply because o
the inscriptions he saw on the monu
ments in Georgia, erected by the ladie
Of the Confederate dead, he caused nj
TO infer that he expressed untram
meled his own views. Consequently
l can only aver that his ideas ar
partisan and not republican. Wit
the south the war is a dead issLe AM
its victims are moprned eTer oaly a
Up ordinary cases ve weep over III.
loss Of dead relatives or friends an
erect monuments to their memor.
from feelings Of love and respect.
may refer to this subject again.
Sympathy for Ireland is deepl.
rooted in the hearts Of Chicagoaus, o
nearly all nationalities. A centra
land league has been organized. TIL,
temporary president is Colonel NJ. E
Stone, editor Chicago Daily News
Funds WILDE raised to assist the Ian,
league in Ireland, ETC., eto,
January II, 1881 in Chicago, mem
bers Of typographical unions from al
over the country, will celebrate tn
occasion, Franklin's birthday, by
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1880-09-02

50 % IN train runs only to Mckenzie on
Sunday
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1880-09-02
PRESCRIPTION FRBE!.

For the speedy cure OF seminal weakness
tost manhood, and all disorders brought on
by excesses, exposures, or lndiscretions-
Most druggists have the Ingredients. Pam
phlets-" Marriage and Celibacy," Sopages.
SpermatoTThea, Impotcncy, &C., So pages,
5 cents each. We cure all forms of congeR-
ital malformations at moderate charges.
ST. LOUIS CURATIVE IH;SsIIQUIg,
Chartered by the State of Missouri, 70
afford radical, speedy, scientific and positive
cures.-Baths, Electricity, all modern sppli:
ances, and the best surgical and medical
akiu. Medicines sent everywhere
The Milan exchange. (Milan, Gibson County, Tenn.) 1874-1978, 1880-09-02
NASHVILLE, CHATTANOOGA
a. ST. LOUIS r. X.
OHers better accommodations. better time and
better concessions than any other route be-
t,raen the NcrthWast and Southeast.

For information. time-tabl-s, and list of
summer resorts. reached BY this line, call on or
address.
C. P.ATNORE. Jr. or W. L. DANLY,
Passenger Agent, GENT p. l.; Agent.
Memoirs, Tenn, Nashville. Tenn.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08

In the third period the trial of
corn and cob meal was, for necessary
reasons, discontinued. Mr.. Sanborn
states that this is the first time in the
course of three years experiments
that the increase on middlings alone
has been greater than on corn meal
and middings, and that the average
of his results for the three years has
shown that middlings is nearly 8 per
cent. more valuable than Indian meal,
and that it is ID per cent. better than
Western meal and that the differ
ence in favor of middlings is much
larger still, if the greater value of the
manure is taken into account. With
regard to this comparison of Eastern
and Western meal, we may remind
our readers of the fact recently set
forth in The Tribune that SO far as
chemical composition goes there is
practically no difference between
Eastern and Western corn; and il
Eastern meal is found in practice to
DC so much better than Western it
must be simply because IL is cleaner.
In these experiments Mr.. Sanborn
allowed, on the basis of results OF
previous experiments, one pound of
the increase in the first period for
every twelve quarts of milk, and for
every sixteen quarts in the second
period. This subtraction being made
there was left the following increase
in pounds for every hundred pounds
of grain
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08

ing value. In all the rations in whie h
Indian meal predominated in these
experiments, the yield was at least
20 pounds Der 100 of. food.
From the result of very exten-
sive series of experiments on feeding
swine by Heiden and others in Ger
many, with various grains, potatoes
and sour milk, the following conclu-
sions were deduced: Barley or In.
dian meal, together with about five
quarts of milk per day, makes most
excellent food for pigs; the best eff.
feet of the barley shows itself up to
the age of five months, while that of
Indian meal continues till the seventh
month. After this age better re-
suit is obtained by the use of pota-
toes with the grain and milk, there
fore they would begin with barley,
for which at the sixth month they
would substitute Indian meal, and at
the eighth month would add potatoes.
All careful experiments with Indian
meal, therefore, go to confirm the
general opinion of farmers that it is
valuable part OF the ration forpigs /;
they show that there is econo-
my in using the cob with the grain,
and further, that it is poor economy
TO feed Indian meal alone. And it is
qnite likely that further experiments
with unground grain will confirm the
single result obtained in Connecticut
Of smaller returns than with corn
and.cob meal.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08
Catalogues, 60. Received.

Messrs. A. ID. Cowan 81 Co., Of III
Chambers street, New York, have favored
us with their seed catalogue and price list.
This Is n new firm, the individual members
Of which have had extensive experience as
seedsmen and market gardeners, and are,
therefore, well qualified TO properly con-
duct the business. They seem TO start out
fully impressed with the Importance of
sending only fresh and genuine seeds, and
as a new and very advantageous item in
the business, propose sending samples of
staple seeds free of charge, thus allowing
an opportunity Of testing their germinat-
ing powers before buying.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08
DIRECTORY.
CHURCHES Sc

CHURCHES. &c.
PRESBYTERIAN. siiuatei on sssinr and fSo, of
HowAid stre.t.. Services sunday At $50 A n. aud
II FH Player meeting, "Wednesday at P.E sunday
school. az ia ihe wiFssm. northeast coraer 4
spring aud Lamb. Pastor. iev. william Lsuf4s real
denre Spring street. -5uth Of Methodist church.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL Situated southeast oar-
nrr of spring aud Howard streets Services. sunday.
at 1879 a N and "a ~ Pfassr-ine-iing, wednesday
At 80 nfsy-sdhuol. Eufday an .. ~. basement
ot church. rssior. Rev 4. u. Yocum; residence,
Curtin street. west ~ Spring.
ST. JOHNS ROMAN CATHOLIC. Situated on
Btshop street between Allegheny and Penn. serviers
Sunday and i0-st A X aud ,. NJ: all other days
20 A. Pastor. Rev. A. ,. q Brien residence. south
side of Bisbop between Allegheny and Penn.
ST. JOHNS EPISCOPAL. Situated ssuihwcsi corner
Of Allegheny and lanai streets sei rioes, Sunday
in3g A ~ aud ~ p. ~ "Wednesday services ~ p
~ and Sunday -schpaI Sunday 2. ~. In basement q
church Rector, Rev. John Hewitt: residence on
LArnh street rear cf Episcopal church.
LUTHERAN. Situated southwest, corner of Hieh
aud Penn streets Services Sunday 1910 n. and = p
s sunday ~ hool Sunday in Lecture NON oi ohurch
Prayer-mestinF wsihe-iayfiz P.E Pastor, Rev. Sam
uel 4. Fursi: residence, at Parsonage, High street
next the church.
GERMAN REFoRMEn. Situated northeast corner
of Linn and Spring streets Services Sunday NJ 10. .
n. aniYlk p. N. Prayer taee,ng "Wednesday = ?. n
Pastor, Rev. J DeIong. SUNDAY -school Sunday sao
A in the church.
UNITED BRETHREN. Situated corner south High
and Thomas streets. Services. sHussy at lose A -
and5i Pm. Prayer-meeiing "Wednesday ~ ~. Pas
tor, J. VI. smith; Post-cftice address, beilefonte.
AFRICAN METHODIST, Situated south end of
High street Services, Sunday 10 % A. n and e p X
Prayer. meeting Wednesday "A p y. SUNDAY school in
church a 40 '. y. Pastor, Rev John u. Palmer;
residence, Thomas street.
FRIENDS. Situated end of Logan street. near
Beilsfonte Academy. Meetings, Sunday II a. ~
"Wednesday II Az.
YM. c. A. Prayer meetings are held every Sunday
at and every Friday at = in The room ~ the
Association Above the Post Ofilce Union meeting =
80 - - a. E...a4 IL. n a
-. Room open every night from toe Rn.
The LADIES TEMPERANCE PRAYER.MEETING
meets In the Logan Hose House, Thursday, at
CENTENNIAL TEMPERANCE CLUB, Regular
meeting each TUESDAY st y. in their roams in
Hum~s' building, on Allegheny street.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08

SPRING mud is apt to start "foul
hoof among the neat cattle, and if
allowed to get ahead it proves trou-
blesome to the owner, as well as ex-
ceedingly painful to the patient. A
couple of cases occurred in our own
yard a few days since, but prompt
treatment with a mixture of pine tar,
carbolic acid, and sulphur, after
thorough cleansing, showed its good
effects Immediately, and effected a
complete cure in four days.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08

under the auspices of the Agriculturist
in 1878, continued last year, and will
be continued this. They are not
made by persons connected with the
paper, nor by those interested in
selling the fertilizers, but by any
farmers, anywhere, who see proper to
undertake them, upon q plan propos-
cd by the Agriculturist, and under
arrangements made by its publishers
with several leading houses, to furnish
sets of bags of different fertilizers for
this purpose at cost. The firm of ii.
j. Baker and Bro, whom We mention
ed above, are one of the firms with
whom this arrangement has been
made. In another column we quote
u portion of the Agricultarisfs article
to show the reasons it gives for pro-
posing these experiments, and sug-
gest that any who are interested in
the matter send to 245 Broadway,
New York, for a copy of the April
number.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08

IF you want your chicks to grow
fast feed them on oatmeal scalded
with sweet or sour milk. Don't
make the feed wet or sloppy, nor
give more at once than will be eaten
up clean. Only prepare as much at
once as will be all eaten before any
fermentation takes place in It.
Where oatmeal cannot be had fine
cornmeal or cracked wheat similarly
treated and administered will answer
a very good purpose.
Centre Democrat. [volume] (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1848-1989, 1880-04-08
Experiments in Pig eediug.

INDIAN MEAL A VALUABLE PART or THE RA-
TIoS--GooD MATERIAL WASTED IN coBs.
From the New York Tribune.
Mr.. J. w. Sanborn has published
the results of his third annual series
of experiments at the New Hampshire
College Farm on the relative value
of corn and cob meal, clear Indian
meal and middlings fed with skim
milk to pigs. The following table
exhibits the cost in cents per pound
of growth produced by the meal in
each of the three periods during
which thaexperiment was continued: :