davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1880-09-09
PhOtOgraDhS.

J. O. Hebert takes first class photo
graphs over Belanger's building.
Prices reasonable, and work satisfacto-
r.
Wood County reporter. [volume] (Grand Rapids [i.e. Wisconsin Rapids], Wis.) 1857-1923, 1880-09-09

preventable. Foremost among the un-
comfortable causes of disease are those
atmospheric changes, depending upon
seasonable variations, ranging from the
extreme cold of winter to the scorch-
ing heat of summer. Even in the
healthy body and apart from any man
ifestations of disease, these sudden
changes produce influences of a well
marked kind. For example, it has
been proved from long series of OBJ
servations, made during several years,
that during the winter months the
body looses weight, while it gains dur
ing the summer months; and the
change from loss to gain and from gain
to loss, takes place respectively, about
the beginning of April and September.
1t is true that these changes may be
considerably modified by regulating
the diet and changing the clothing !;
but they nevertheless show that the
seasons and the unavoidable climate of
this country exert far more puwerful
influence on the bodily functions than
usually supposed. For example, a
sudden fall of temperature is sure to
be followed by long train Of ailments
such as cattarh Cor common colds) in
fuenza, bronchitis, and other forms of
lung disease, and when we turn to the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
ICE AND GALES AT SEA.

Further reports of large fields of ice and enormous
soeberp3 were made bv captains OF vessels aTrlN ing
bere Yesterday, The WeSer, from Bremen, on May
n in latitude 43o 3S north. longitude 4SO A. west,
nossed two large icebergs 200 feet in length and 60
feet i'm height and also encountered much neld ICE
northeast of the position of the Weser when she saw
the ice passed through large fields OF Ice and by
Inauv large bergs. This indicates that the Ice was
drifting TO the southwark at the rate OF abo Mt fifty
miles % day. The HermOd also on May u had
heavy thunder and ran storms and squalls, lasting
sixteen hours, during which time there was a high
and confused sea- which broke over the vessel with
great force. .,oo .
The shin Athlone from Liverpool, on April 80, in
latitude 39o 80 north longitude $50 30 west, in q
violent southerly squa in the evening" had her fore
and main topmast heads badly splintcred, and lost
the miZzen tOpgallant mast. Two seamen, Joseph
Edgar twenty-three years old, of Liverpool, and
Scotian, fell from the main-royaI yard overheard,
and were drowned. In tthe squalls which lasted
Several hours owing to the loss of some of the spars
nd sails it was impossible to keep the vessel up to
fhe wind, The German bark Auguste, from Bremen,
encountered O gale lasting seven days which at
times threatened destruction. The sea ran so high
that the decks were continually swept by the
waves. Another gale Of great severity was encoun-
tered on the Banks of Newfoundland. and when
II broke the vessel was surrounded by towering ice
bergs. frequently the bergs would crash against
each other or break apart andthc fracture could be
heard miles away. The steamship Rhlwldda, from
Cardiff Wales passed through the same field of ice
6ergs as the Augusta, and had scarcely cleared 1t
when she was truck Dy circular storm which
lasted twelve hours. in which the decks were con;
FINALLY swept by the seas and the cargo was caused
10 shift, throwing the vessel nearly on her beam
ends The British steamer Topaz, from Barrow,
had n similar experience.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11

4s with hides ana wool 70 Ropes YES
At City Island. light swi clear
CLEARED
CO.. corSs Bnne SfaI and s. clark
Asa BT Hnghes GTeytSTyn RnE'pp ETC. Pm
Raydso9 PhIadelgGIs VIZ clyde CO. Issas Bs Gibbs
P %SS RSn A@ Sa Dominion 0O
1p5dS hR S nf 5 ISnst
morgan shin BIZ AngeA shangh9 and Hong Rong Vernon
90
Koop Coz siSnst BIZ GEO. Quebec and Montreal MeKaY
caihssrt }Br BsoEn. eloaSSssSS Tucker Co; Alma
i scSrs GaETS Br 1Sy John
RSrn0oS Gomez sr Horne e.
City. etc HattOn. Watson co.
FOREIGN PORTS
LONDON May 10-Arr on the Lzardst Herder, fromNew
York for Hamburg strs Anglia from NeWYork Morgay
@ n hS SFsS %S
STn yOpeF Hn from 1s HS To% at
Bristol OIL" A'l-' ''I''' o-''.-' ..'-
LIVERPOOL May 1oArr gtrs Bayarisn Br from Boston;
sirius from NewYork: Lord Cough tBr, from philadelphia
Saied sT pass T IUs Srs CITY o, from
Liverpool for NewYOrk Arizona from Liverpool for New.
GLASGOW, May 1O-Ar str state PennsylvaLia. from
.,MAyRv May lO.saled str oeert, from Hamburg for
PGYnoUTn May 1osaed City OF NewYOrk, from Liv-
R0SpoN May iOHsaed 9th inst Papa Erasmo Resttuts
Madre both for philadelphia 1t9 inst Exile ST New YSSs
Bertaux for NewYOrki Vesa fer Philadelphia Angantyr
Castelar, Framnaes Hasse st Bernhard 9th inst Ella Vose
the latter BaltmOre McLaren San Francisco lOta
inst, Ailmuri. -.
Arr 27th u ARata 9Th inst HOmborsund Tn Brata the
last two at Elsn6Te oaen 7 inst Ida Cant GInneSen
Eppng 9Th inst Annapolis Lois Trlumfo Union ON INST
Ag Amaa lCapt ThOrsen the latter on the Isle OF MlgG
Andreas Rms Creoa Francesca ChaEzaIo Herbert f9pin
KEN SOaerhnm sylvan, Taisman the latter of the Lizard
Capt Jones Vero Waterlooj 10th INST Serap
The Queen.
Tor Later SHIP NeOs q ann ss FHGA P17@
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
pAupoAD MATTERS IN BROOKLYN

The Brooklyn Elevated Railroad Company. re-
Gently hogan to make excavations TOR foundations
Which are crossed by the road, and the police were
ordered by the Mayor to prevent the tearing mp of
onv streets other than those named IN its charter.
The matter was called to the attention of the Com
mon Council, which referred it to the Railroad
Committee. This committee last, week recon-
mended that the Corporation Counsel be directed to
begin and maintain legal proceedings to prevent the
company from erecting, constructing, maintaining,
OF operating any railroad or any branch thereof. or
any street or avenue" not named in the company
charter. The committees report was discussed at
length yesterday, and was adopted by a vote OF
the words, except with the consent Of tho Mayor
aud Common Council"
The tracks of the New-York, Greenwood and
Coney Island Railroad Company in Thirty siXth-st..
between Fourth and Fiftb-avcs. Brooklyn, in
tcrfere with travel on that street and on the mo-
tion of Alderman Weir of the Eighth Ward yes
fcrday the Common Council directed Ltho company
to remove them within ten days.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
TRYING DEFECTIVE MURPHY.

The trial Of Detective Murphy, Of the Eighth Pro.
cnct, on the charge of matchmaking the keepers OF
disorderly houses In Wooster and Groene-sts., was
Continued yesterday before the Police COmInsso. =
ers. Ii developed nothing new OF Of interest, the
Testimony consisting chiefly of assertion and con-
frsdiction by persons Of acknowledged bad char
acter Catherine Daily, who made an affidavit early
ia the proceedings accusing two Commissioners of
consn,racv denied that she had ever supported
Il;ce shefidan's charges. number of respectable
citizens testified to Officer ,MnTphy's good repnta;
Katherine DAILY really did say what Mrs. Sheridan
saws she said in his presence. Sarah Thompson, the
cOiored chamb ermaid who was witness in tho
The Commissioners closed the case and reserved
their decision.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
ono. narson, probly newer git courage to

"No, parson, probly never git courage to
takes him down In dc rbber and says capsiZe thee
then ducks him under It's time dat darky looks after
man."
Miss Jones was about to marry military
officer, much to her mothers displeasure. "Why my
child" said the latter don't yOu know that war may
declared ut any moment. and bullet take him away.
fOreverl" Every WELL" was the answer, widow OF
seventeen, what could DO more pOetca"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
REVIEWING THE sEvENTY.FIRsT.

The annual muster and inspection Of the Seventy
arst Regiment took place in east Thirty .fourth-st
between Broadway and Sixth-ave. yesterday after
noon, There were ten companies. amounting III
6iI TO 523 men, They were in full fatigue uniform,
and were obliged to stand in the hot sun nearly
four hours The regiment was under command OF
Colonel VOse, and was inspected by the Assistant
Inspector of the State General ROdendoogh. The
strength of the regiment, as computed by General
Rodendoogh and Adjutant Stevenson, Is as follows
ten ,feld and staff officers, eleven nop-commis'
Yates, A sword was presented to Captain s. 0.
TAYLOR, of Company X. by the priyates under his
command. Colonel Vose made the presentation
speech.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
ONLY ONE STOCK EXCHANGE TICKET.

The annual election of officers at the Stock Ex-
change occurred yesterday As there was only one
pnbIished in The TRIBUNE ii is TO be presumed that
the candidates then named were elected; Details
of the votes with its result were refused by the
Secretary of the Exchange, who said that he had
not seen it, by the keeper of the rolls and by the
chairman of tho committee who had charge OF the
returns 1t was understood that the vote was very
light not one-third of the members voting. Old
members of the Exchange did not remember a time
when there had been no opposition ticket
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
GORED BY A WILD BULL.

Two frightened and fierce steers leftsa drove In
one of them attacked Mrs. Anna Greenyile, who
was gathering wood at Grove and Eighth-sts. She
was badly gored ip the side and face before the
animal could be driven off with clubs The steer
finally fell exhausted in the street. and was shot by
a policeman. The other animal entered the istOrC
of j G. McFerrOn. at No. 100 Pavonia-ave, and
Of -four, 1t was also shot.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
SENDING COLD LEAD AFTER STOLEN IRO,

On the pier at the foot of COrlears-st., on East
River, yesterday pile Of old iron, left there
were soon aware of this, and set to work carrying
it Oft. Officer Livingston, of the Thirteenth Pre-
cinct cautioned themseycralItmest to stop, but they
one of the thieves going through Front-st with
some iron in his arms He ordered the fellow to
Front-st., followed by the officer. Seeing tho fel-
low was escaping, Livingston shot at him. The
thief staggered into the marble yard at No. 324
at the back of tho yard, reached South-st., where
he was lost to sight.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
[Ann0uncements.l.
pURE SUGARG.

THE NORTH RIVER SUGAR REFINING COMPANY successors
to M0llers q Martens) would inform their customers
and the public In general that they are stu making spe
the highest grades OF Refined Sugars
in the sOcalled old way lin mOuds" Their Crushed and
the Loaf Sugar by machine and
made Of soft pressed to initiate the same We
all Of Sugar free from
all Chemicals and mixture with glucose authorizations Of
whatever Our Sugars be procured at
the principal Wholesale grOcers and kept constantly
hand By Park Tilford, Acker Merral Condit, Macy &
Co., and others Of this city.
NORTH RIVER SUGAR REFINING CO.. 81 Wallst
HI OLLER. Secretary,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11

TO BE TRIED FOR SHOOTING DIR. STEELE.
Justice Duffy yesterday decided to hold W. E. Saw
YER the electrician 900 bail for the shooting of
DR.. 'Theophilus Steele. As his bondsmen were not
nine o'clock to renew the bail in which he is now
held.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
HOME NEWS.
PROMINENT ARRIYALI.

Fin Arenue Hotel-The Hon. John Sherman. Sec
retarv OF the Treasury Fernando Wood IS
Cittsnden and John Hammond Of Newly ork. and Genera
hudson Fitzpatrick Of NewJe W,nGSoT
ington Mo lean of Cncnn ST. Nicholas Hotei-BlshO
ORey springfield Mass, and IT, Morgan; Oh Aurora'
N Y 49, GfseV House Erastus Corning or AlDauy
Ho,s Walter A. Wood OF oosisk
Fails n ". MctroDOiltdn HoteL-A. K. Tingle' oi the
Department
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
RUN OVER ON THE ELEVATED ROAD
A MAN ATTEMPTS TO CROSS THE TRACK AT THE
WATTS STREET STATION AND Is INSTANTLY

RUN OVER ON THE ELEVATED ROAD.
A MAN ATTEMPTS TO CROSS THE TRACK AT THE
WATTS STREET STATION AND Is INSTANTLY
KILLED.
man supposed to be F.. F. Goodall, was in
stontly killed last evening, on the Ninth Avenue
Elevated Road at the Watts Street Station. At this
point. as at many other points on this ine there IS
n station only on the down track. The mp tram IL
reached bv passing across the down track 10 plat
form situated between the two tracks. Tho bridge.
or passage-way, is guarded at each end
n down train. Last evening, about half-past ., a
man. apparently mechanic, thirtY-ive years old,
hon pht a ticket and started for an up-train. AS
there was train approaching the station on the
down track the gates had been closed. The man,
apparently only seeing the train OIL the far track,
at one side of the gate and before lie could cross
was under the wheels of the engine.
The engineer stated last night that tho man had
scarcely Jumped from the platform when the engine
srrnck him. At the time the engine had almost
come to STOP The gateman at the first gate said
of danger. There were only six feet of space be-
tween the ticket window and the edge OF the plat
form and he only caught glimpse of HIM as he
disanpeared in front of the engine. The
other Gateman saw him jump, and saws the
engine was upon nm IN an instant
employees ana by a witness who was in the street
below Workmen were engaged until z o'clock In
getting the body from under the wheel. 1t lay on
fine track, under the front small wheels. and was
badly mutilated. The engine had to be raised from
file rails before the remains could be removed. The
holy was taken to the Fifth Precinct Station-house
The only means of Identification found was neln-
bership card of the Crescent Club, bearing the name
of =. f. GOOdall. Efforts were made last night by
the police to have the body identified.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11

the ANIMAL At Tenth-ave., ne knocked down ana
ran over George Buckrdge boy OF four MI
and at the Roosevelt Hospital his life was despared
of. Officer Byrnes finally secured the horse
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
MARINE !NTELhIGENCE.
MINIATURE ALMANAC.

epp ,s,. $1,000 AZ sun sei4.. zoo Clock slow. am.Ass
Moan sells. qJ7 spnths lj2 Moons age. days, .
HIdH WAtRR ID pAN-N. W.
Ilo0k $50 Coz Island. 029 oN Cato. ....lllb
HIGH WATER TO-DAY ".
Sandy Hook O6 Gov. Island. OJl 1l cato .....lli0
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
PASSENGERS .ARRITTD.
PROM LIvEErOOI-BY STEAM.
NOTICE TO MARINERS.

OFFICE OF THE LIGHTHOUSE INSPECTOR THIRD DIsTRIrTl
ToMrKlSsVILLR. y. y, May 10, 1880.
.cApDtNER'S IsLAND-CIANNEL SOUTH OF GAR.
DINERS ISLAND. y. Y.
rcd spar buoy. No has been placed TO mark Buffers
NM IN This channel The magnetic bearings outer
lard on Fire Place NV by N Tobacco Lot Point by
rruIrt " Gncs Island Eos. IL II placed the a..
80 ~ channel IA Il feet Of water ana ia 10 be left the
hand passing from the east into GARDENERS Bay.
j. Vi. IS. CLITZ, Rear Admiral 4. y NJ,
Lighthouse INSPECTOR Third District
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11

:. A horse drawing a.wagon In West ffrst-st ran
Away. yesterday, having been frightened by Q train
were made TO stoplhim by citizens and policemen,
which served only further to fnghten and excite
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11
RESULT OF THE VAN buren, INQUEST.

The case of Mrs. Hattie Van Buren,, or Deutsch.
p34 West Eleyenth.st., was given to jury yester-
day by Coroner Knox. After celebrating an hour
and half, the jury found Q verdict THAT Hattie
Van Buren, came to her death by combination of
diseases. accelerated by an overdose OF laudanum,
administered by some person unknown to this jury"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-11

Ew-RoCHELLF.-John Cody. charged with hav-
ing been implicated with James Casnln and James
Kiilcrn in breaking INTO n house ~ Cedar Road.
New Rochelle, some time ago, and stealing guam
thy Of furniture. but then escaped capture, wns
taken into custody on Saturday night IN an Oh
barn. where Inc and other members of gang of
rutians were making their headquarters.
Bristol news. [volume] (Bristol, Va. & Tenn.) 1867-189?, 1880-09-07
I.eRIlng 10 Sew.

TO be handy with the needle, is one of
the sterling accomplishments OF every
educated woman. To be- able 10 take
he "stitch in time" is worth all the
time and trouble that are required to
learn the art. Like walking, reading,
and the many other things which We
come to do without special thought, the
learning to sew is a slow process, and
should be begun while the child is still
quite young. The girl should not only
have the use Of the thread, needles, and
patchwork, but be instructed how TO
take the stitches, turn corners, and do
the various things connected with nee
dle-work. We are not including the
boys in our remarks, because they need
TO learn to thread needle, and % gem
eral sewing. Men are many times so
situated, that they must depend upon
themselves for their necessary sewing
Even though 1t Is an age of sewing ma
chimes. it is best that all children should
use the simple, common old-fashioned
kind, which can never be wholly superced-
ed. The amusement and occupation that
sewing furnishes little folks, afford sufli-
Client reason why all mothers should see
that their girls, and boys too, learn to
sew--but the very practical use of the
needle in after life, Is the principal thing
after all.
Bristol news. [volume] (Bristol, Va. & Tenn.) 1867-189?, 1880-09-07
City Folk as Farmers.

Old-fashioned farmer folk rub their
eyea In surprise Mt the great number Of
intelligent, well-to-do city-bred people
who In those late years are establishing
their families on the broad acres. The
fact 10 perhaps due not so much to any
decided rural tastes on the part Of city
merchants aud business men 40 to con-
alterations touching the health and
physical vigor Of their growing families.
Children run too much 10 nerves and
brains In the city. The best blood In
the city Ia constantly enriched by access
sions from the country, and heads Of
families have derived robust constltu-
tions from early years spont on the farm
view with dlsmay the narrow chests and
fabby muscles Of their offspring, who
At the close Of each term proudly show
the proof OF high standing In the city
schools. Two or three consecutive gen
'srations Of city life, unless under exCep-
iionally favorable conditions Of wealth
and intelligent oversight In rearing the
young, inevitably result In physical de-
generation. Pulmonary diseases espe-
'cially seem 10 flower out Of mental ac-
tlvity aud highly artificial social condi-
tions; and, thanks to the general diflu-
sion OF physiological and hygienic infor-
nation, hundreds Of bright and capable
families are now leaving the cities and
seeking the natural antldote for this ten
dency In closer alliance with the soil
and the simple pleasures Of pastoral life.
To cultlvaicp city people with healthy
instlncts, farm life Ia now rendered
much more endurable than formerly,
and with proper degree Of courage and
independence II may be made positively
delightful. The Introduction Of agri-
cultural machinery has made farm labor
saelsr both Indoors and out Aud as
homesteads are freed froM debt larger
number OF tasteful country residences
now mark The abodee Of men who dare
10 eSprcss their sense Of beauty IN rural
architecture. Where the nelghboring
schoola do not afford adequate education
Al facilities, SONS and daughters are sent
m, one or two nj n time, 10 boarding
school or academy. The railroad brings
Waiting relatives every season. and the
daily mall brings the roar of the great
world near enough for comfort, while
tho latest books aud magazines serve TO
tighten toll and sweetrn leisure, ST.
PdW Pioneer (MiHn.) Press.
Bristol news. [volume] (Bristol, Va. & Tenn.) 1867-189?, 1880-09-07
MEN
TAKE NOTICE.

J. W. MORT Is the only Gunsmith
in Bristol who served al apprentice
ship NJ the Gun and Locksniih trade
He Has NOT PICKED IT UP IN
THE LAST YEAR. nor does he
claim thirty years experience IA a
MECHANIC But he does claim n ten
years experience with some Of the best
Gun and Locksmlth shops In the
States of Va, Tenn. and Texas, and
therefore he IL better acquainted with
all the late styles Of Guns &c, and feels
confident that his experience IL far
superior to any who may call them
selves old and reliable Gun and Lock-
smiths.
Bring your fine guns to MORT the
Gunsmiih. Va. side Of Main street
next door to Philip Rohr's, where you
can have your work done to suit you
In the best styles and at the latest pric-
a. Dec. '70-6 mo
Bristol news. [volume] (Bristol, Va. & Tenn.) 1867-189?, 1880-09-07
How to Get Rid of Ants.

Take small bottles, fill them half full
Of syrup or sweetened water, and put
them IN the places where the ants have
their passage ways in such manner AZ
tho nccks of the bottles may lean against
a wall or board, In order that the ants
nay easily fall into the trap and drown.
by means Of camphor, ants may be
driven from rooms where honey is stor-
ell.
In gardens lime dust operates very de-
structlvely upon them. Their hills after
being scratched open, are sprinkled with
lime dust, and then hot water Is poured
IN them.
To render jars Of preserved fruit mac
ctssible to these insects, place the jars
In chests whose bottoms have been pre-
viously covered with ashes and pulver-
ICED chalk.
Bristol news. [volume] (Bristol, Va. & Tenn.) 1867-189?, 1880-09-07
A Victim to Politics.
N. Y. Comm ercial Advertiser.

He had on dustcr, had a valiso In
one hand and silk umbrella in the 9TH
er. He came into the office and asked
'Is the managing editor INF" No, sir,
not at present" "Whcn will he be In ~
Cant say, sir; may be an hour; may
be FIVE" "Have you telephode to his
house," eyes, but the wire has got
crossed with the butchers at the corner,
and everytime we call for editorial copy
we get beefsteak; can | do anything
for you?" "Well. suppose III have
to put up with you; sorry he is not In ;
rs was coming In on the Lake Shore
train we took vote" Papers on
the person of the deceased indicate that
he was Cincinnati drummer.
Bristol news. [volume] (Bristol, Va. & Tenn.) 1867-189?, 1880-09-07
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1880.
Modesty.

How hard the lot Of woman Is,
When she TO loves assault Is prey,
And sees the idol Of her dreams,
Unheeding, pass her day by day;
And knows that II sigh or word,
TO tell her love, by him were heard,
Responsive passion might be stirred
How hard that yet her maiden mind,
As chaste as snow lily-leaves,
Disdains to spin the cunning web
Which love about Its captive Weaves:
And she apart, in modest wise,
Elects to stand, with dreamy eyes,
In whose soft depths sadness lies
How hard that such should be her lot!
And yet, for all loves wild delight.
Its warm caress, Its close embrace,
Its sAte4, sense of touch and sight,
| wopW not give that modest thought
That scorn Of hearts like insects caught
That woman's longing to be sought
Yea, have seen neglected maids
Pale In the shade of such a grief,
Like some white vein which yearns to
The suns hot kisses on its leaf;
And have loved their modest mein,
And have marked them, NIL unseen,
With pride aud admiration keen,
Of womanhood this Is the charm
That makes her more than earthly
sweet;
For this proud Olympian god
Might bow 10 earth and kiss her feet !!
For she Is more than woman then
Divinity adorns her when
She thus reprovcs the lusts Of men!
--Ndshrilk American.