davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07
Giluatlons Uanlco-- females

A ADVERTISEMENTS FOR THE NLW::
Y0EK TRTNE w VIII sE s6r hvr. A E
ST. or 3Os West twenty. .tnrist.. corner Eighth sysa
Third ave- cor forig,eyent6st tho TAhLEM oFFlcE
Oaic. iHc,'T% f@ 20 . ''"-' r'-- -,4l.--'' = y.
A -Good Protestant servants. Bureau excel
coos sHG % yeS gal German swedish Scotch
Ensh A@sea ana coo5sa help for ey GT s9T9ts
HOME BUREAU l3s 5thave fourth house above 10Th al,
A nv one wishing first-class colorcd help such rs
and wsIe MEM With eiereaee will nd them BY applying
at the EMPLOYMENT OFFICh%l5 Vest 5oth ST. near ''h'
Orders by mail promptly attended TO-
A T the centre for French Help can be en-
n gagged Walters, Cooks Maids, Nurses vel & re recon n
%snaa I%ssh 3 STgaP!s nnd % S hanl S% BGREG
CHAMBERMAID &c-A Swede girl, with
several years city references from family tidy
aG nSS n@a seaa place that she
can retain viii al to please city or country No
OUANBERMAID and WAITRESS.-By n
- r very rsRecaSs s aPS ws ST T,Tes
also Understands all about children. 36d Gthaye.
CHAMBERWORK and MATTRESSES,
ne oH S aav Gaa
house above l0tn St
CHAMBERWORK, HOUSEWORK, WAIT
~ ress &c-By tidy. useful young girls for city or coln
tIy can do any KIM nina 0, Az The PR0TfsTANT
HOME BURE&U. l9s Glh.lyc. four doors above 10th
NOOK.-By n young Swedish girl as good
i very asat T1S% ABOUT her aT
SSfWeeS SG1Ie SS Sist tio and Siid S5dsis N'''
NOOK aud LAUNDRESS.-By an excellent
- scotch girl with three years references fr9m last en-
GIRL Of work, good family ca a. 292 9th ave.
I1OOK, WASH, IRON.-By German help; can
y cook and iron well for sy eE soSnry Ss sS1a
TstfES6 BGEsG6 Ss sS Sh:-s s.fR @
GOVERNESS.-As nursery goyerness, by a
" respectable Frnehwomsn to sGWn G eha5en If " oi
G hne pGS 6oo
HOUSEWORK.-By neat, tidy. Welsh
III vouns Protestant girl win be generally useful 10
family in capacy can DO go9q % eooag sIG 10 ws
%oderatS Cal at 293 6tG.aye, near ls.nst
HOUSEWORK:. by Protestant mt, young IoIIlgS
II H. % M s. sd 70 40 t%o a 'front.' ' amy
HOUSEW ORKER.-By a neat. tidy, .intelll-
Gen, young 1rl will be generally useful IN family m
any capac can 10 soos f0osF
moGerae 800 6thaye near 2sd st. LIST Moor
I AUNDRESS. BY respectable Young
IL woman experienced lauudrcss. 205 West 2Sthst
AUNDRRSS. Competent laundress wants
II washing home po.hng dat3s S 60 % GSS snor 'fh'
NURSE and SEAMSTRESS.-By a young
Wheeler & Wilson'S best city references 6i West sithst
NURSE, SEAMSTRESS, &c.-By a useful.
y compctant sho has good reierences u-ca 70
TRoTEsTANT HOME BUREAU. lSs dth-sve' doors
above lO,h ~.
SEAMSI IRESS, &c.-A seamstreSs, under
- stands dessmaking and all kinds Of family seMng & s'S
ornament place city country; AuutesS a.
\ EOx ~. Tribune Uptown Office, l.23o broad
XNAITRESS.- .-4s frst-class waitress; under
w stands making al kiuts OF salads care o. silver serv
Ing wines; take mans place. best CITY rietehces
Call address 32S Last SD ST.
| NEASHlNG.-A respectable woman wants
w washing do at home or would go Out oy tne oAy'
323 East 3Sh.st
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07

GARDNER INSTITUTE, 603 Fifth-avenuc
" -I,osrdnz,and Day School for Young Ladies nd Gnu
dren The hcv. d.. and Mrs G. H. GARDNER FtlheipAiS'
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07
DFNNSYIVANIA RAILROAD.

i GKEAT TKUNK LINE
AND UNI ED STATES MAIL ROUTE.
Trains leave New Ynik. Dcsbross's aud tOrtandt
Streets FerIios Rs folOwn;
Harrisburg Pittsburg the West and South with Pullman
Pa ace cars nttacheI. = .. ui. and $50 pm daily
willamsport Lock Haven, pa. M $50 D. NJ CORY ana
Erie Al $50 p M Cory Tor Ttusvile. Pctr1
Centre and the Oh Regions. ,-.... 49,, -
pafmure the south Limited Washington
Fxprcs- OF pullman Parlor daily. sunday, ln ~
arT.ye Washington Az p. m Regular az 43O ana
a. m I and 10 u. III sunday. Ion m.
EIpress tor V ct Philadelphia 4.30 73o. $50 gt,O LIN
IL l. ::3O T. 80. 2. g. f:>U $50 anu ~. N
ald Il sunday aud m, g. g. 7:JO $50 aud 10
Fppess for Philadelphia via Camden 1880 and p @
except Sunday. .., -, a. -.-,. ...,..
Boats If Brooklyn Anncr' connect VIII al ''ouEh
Jersey City afodns speedy and dnect udh'er ior
Tfains arrive; From Pitsburg 6O5 loiO n NJ 1910 m
daily p4O a. M $50 y. daily. except MonIay rom
Woshpeton and baltimore c:5OR m, ., 500 4:Ju V;lO T.
m Sunday 600 From Phila iepna 500 6o3' sou
$40 IO.lO 80 A. M. $50 430. 43O $50 e;SO ana
lOlOp m. sunday $780, Cos. 600. lO4o lliSJ "n' o'3"
lUlOp
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07
Art schools-New-York City.
LRS. LOUISA B. CULVER

MISS CHERITREE will receive pupils IN
s,ndfo No l3 est lOth.st.
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07

w n.TIANIIC CITY NOW OPEN. Remoaelissa snd y
v ,1,h oil n,odern con MAKE ~ nIs
un,cr house tails hesteii not Sc W ~"
| tne house for guests, good ocean vss"' . ~
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07
Roar0 duo Rooms

East III Is.
FEW WELL-FURNISHED ROOMS. with-
ont board single and suite gentlemen only fefer'
s,ces IL east 10Th st.
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07
NEw-YoRK AND LONG BRANCH DIVE
FREEHOLD AND NEW-YORK RAILWAY

4 CONNECTION.
Leave foot Of Liberty ST. for Ffecleld at sl5 HAD mp
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07
Eau 5cbools.

VALE Law School, .-Regular course, 2 years;
Graduate course dor Segree Of PC L. years fau term
opens Sept % Address Prof WAiLAND Ne"-haVen' CT
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07

t the centre for French Help can De en-
n gagged Walters. Cooks Maids, Nursesi wei recon
mended servants on hand Of all nations 90! Gthaye be
tween 36th and 36thsts. JACQUlNS BU kEAO
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07

DOYS and young men admitted at any time
ID 10 uedia lPennD Academy. II miles by rail- from Pha
aelphia SwITIIi IN c. sHURrLIDGE. A. NJ Harvard grad
prfn .tual
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07

IMPERIAL GERMAN NAIL Hamburg
Il American Packet Ccnpany's Line Tor PLhAOJ III
CHERBOURG and HAMBURG. 90
Feb ~ GEtIFRT. feb ~
WF~TPHAIIA .....Fcb 10 March
Rates passage plymouth London. Cherbourg, Ham
burg and all points England. Scotland and Wales First
CABIN gold 500; cabin, gold. eGOi stecr1ge cur
rency s97. G. B RICHARD BOAs, Cen Pass Ag't
KTNHARDT & CO.. 81 BToadway New YORK.
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07

A DVERTISEMENT FOR THE NLW-
n YORK TRIBUNE WILL BE RECEIVED At yhE LIE
UPTOWN OFFICES NO. I,lSS Broadway, cor illrtyntst
ST., 3OS West fwentytmrdst, corner Elghth ay.a
No 92 East Fourteenth.st< corner Union square 10y
Third ave- cor Forty yenthst at tho BAHlEM OFFICE
No psi rbrd ave cor hundred and wenty fouthst
(Halem HsvDgs Bank Buldingh up 70 p "a AZ IegulN
CO "a.
New-York tribune., 1880-02-07
Gelp n)arieo.

XVANTED-A stenogIaphic secretary, WIN WIN
w editorial experience mn be eoege s'A"'''' |1'P'
a, nnce 10 JULIUS BIEN, Is PARK place
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
How She Suffers.
THE TRIALS OF AN ENGAGED GIRL AS RE-
 LATED BY ONE OF THEM.

b After all, the yoke of marriage is an apparatus that should sit on two pairs of shoulders and there is nothing very seemly in seeing girl wait to wear her own part of it until it has been nicely padded with quilted satin. Looking at the matter from @ less elevated point of view, long engagements are rather tire some in restricting the liberty of girls. Miss Jenny, who is going to marry MT. Simpson as soon as that hopeful man gets living, is obliged in the meanwhile to deny herself many pleasures, lest Simpson should take offense. She must eschew balls she must take care that nobody makes love to her, and for this purpose she is obliged to let all chance corners be speedily informed of her en- gagement. Unhappily, the symbolism of rings is always unregarded, else, the chance corners might discover the fact themselves by looking at the second fin ger of Miss Jenney's lefthand. If Jenny has no sisters to talk of her betrothal, and if her mother does not accept timely fhints to mention it on every necessary occasion, or the engagement is not announced in the Home Journal. the girl is rather embarrassed for words in which to convey the news delicately to strangers. She cannot allude to MT. Simpson as "Johnny'' would be too familiar she cannot speak of him as " Simpson, '" for this would sound strange i; but if she refers to him frequently as |" Mr. Simpson," strangers might draw undesirable inferences from her apparent familiarity with @ person thus coldly specified. Then the engaged girl has to put up with great deal of chaff, which is not pleasing for time, and afterwards becomes intolerable. The trials of mat rimony are frequently commended to her impatient attention by way of paternal rebuke. "Alf, my dear, you will find out that am right when you are a wife yourself P and so forth, or snub to put upon her too nasty wish to consider her. self free by the reminder that she is not married yet, and that there is many 8 slip between cup and lip. Sometimes Simpson is actually held up to her as a bogey. My dear, I don't think MT. Simpson would quite approve of your wearing that cherry ribbon" "Jenny, dear, I think MT. Simpson would be sad ly grieved if he heard you express those opinions;" or "Jenny, I am sure MT. Simpson would not think it proper that you should play croquet with Capt Nal let" There is enough in all this to make a girl sit down and scream.
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28

The Geneva Award bill has been consigned to future Congress. It was the intention of the Senate to reach o vote upon ii, but new. nend1nents were proposed between votes that nothing less than an all-night session or an indefinite postponement could possibly have af- forded relief. The latter was chosen at MT. Eaton's suggestion. The bill as originally reported by MT. Thurman from the Judiciary Committee contained eight sections. The first three, which provided for a court for the adjudication and dis tribution of the award fund, were passed over without change. Section provided that insurers might properly make claims before the court. MT. Hoar had offered an amendment striking out that provi- slon. The first vote of the day was taken upon that amendment, and it was carried by 3S to 19. Mir. Thurman had made several strong arguments against the amendment, and its passage so disgusted hun that he surrendered the charge of the bill, recommending that the majority which had favored the amendment and had opposed him should look out for 1t. The part of the bill following that af- fected by the amendment was sought to be so erased, supplemented and twisted about by subsequent amendments and verbal changes as to render 1t irrecog- nlzahle, and when matters reached this condition the motion to postpone was made and carried by 31 to 28. A srb- sequent motion to reconsider was lost after an argument in which the whole case was again reviewed.
 The Senate Committee on Appro- prlat1ons has ordered the Army bill to be reported without amendment. A ma Jorlty of the committee was disposed to act favorably on several suggested amend ments. but in view of the general desire for an early adjournment it was con- ciuded to refrain from taking any action which might delay the bills final pas sage.
 The total number of emigrants from Germany in 1879 was B, ,327. Of these 3O,6O9 went to the United States, 1852 males and 12,296 females to Brazil, 1,630; and the remainder to Central and South America. The present year ex- hibits even greater activity, and 1t is feared in Germany that the emigration may reach the high figures of 1871 and 1872. ... .~..-(. .t. ..
 The Commissioner Pensions says that of the arrears of pensions there re- main less than 5000 cases unadjusted. The total amount already disbursed on this account is $24, 800, ,OOO, and the number of claims for arrears now on file amount to $250,0OO. Of the $25, ,O0O, 900 appropriated last year for arrearages of pensions, $24, 500,0O were paid before January 1. There remain but about $20O, 900 available.
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
Pigs and Snakes.

The following account is given by a traveller who saw pig rush at a cobra, one of the most poisonous of snakes :: "The pig, without moments hesita- tion, seized the snake near the tail, and began chumping him up as savage would eat a string of maccaroni. Again and again the reptile bit him-twice on the snout, once on the ear, and once on the fore-leg. The pig did not seem to care the least about it, not stopping one moment until it had devoured the hid eousreptile, on completing the demolition of which it went off grunting its satisfac- tion at the unexpected and luxurious re- past which fate had thrown in its way. saw the same pig some days afterward, and it certainly did not then evince any signs of speedy dissolution. A friend of the above writer informed him that he saw a family of fifteen cobras, disturbed in removing the roof of a bungalow, de- voured by two pigs which, though bitten in at least half 8 dozen places, were not in the least inconvenienced by it.
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
The Automatic Indicator.
WONDERFUL DISCOVERY BY PROFESSOR
 IN AN OHIO COLLEGE.

An Automatic Indicator" has been discovered by Professor in an Ohio col lege, so Cleveland paper says. By its use it is claimed telegraphy can be ac- complished without the use of connect ing wires. It is said that the new thing under the sun Gf not an April fool hoax) looks somewhat like pocket compass. " Instead, however, of having the points of direction marked on the circle de- scribed by the end of the needle, it has the letters of the alphabet. The needle is of different metallic composition than the compass needle and has been 'affili- ated magnetically' with one or more needles of similar instruments. By the newly discovered principle the needles of two or more instruments are brought into such relation, that when one needle IS moving on its point to certain letter on the disk, the needle on the other makes precisely the same movement and points to the same letter. To illustrate {: A and B, each has properly affiliated 'automatic indicator as this new instru- ment IS called. A goes to San Francisco, while B remains at home. A wishes to communicate with B. He takes out his indicator, and by means of key moves a needle of it from one letter to the other. spelling out what he wishes to say. As fast as his needle moves from letter to letter, the needle in B's instrument makes Corresponding motion. In reply B moves his needle in the same manner, and As needle spells out the answer. In case As instrument is in his pocket when B wishes to call him, his attention is at tracted by the ringing of delicate bell like that of repeater watch, which is at tached to the indicator, and rung by the needle in its efforts to follow the move ments of its far-off affinity in the hands Of R"
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
Wolves on a Spree.

Nor are wolves, while in the possess sion of every brutal vice, free from that of intoxication. Henri de Criquelle, in French work upon the Natural History of Le Morvan, district of France, says of them: "In the summer the wolves, like the gypsies, have no fixed residence They may then be met with in the stand ing barley or oats, the vineyards and fields; they sleep in the open country, and seldom seek the friendly shelter of the forest, except during the scorching hours of the day.
 "Toward the end of August I have often met them, says he, Gin the vine- yards, apparently half drunk, scarcely able to walk-in, short, quite unsteady on their legs, almost blowing the ground with their noses, and staring stupidly about them. I once came upon one partly hidden amid the thick undergrowth and weeds on the edge of the piles of stones collected from among the vines. My presence aroused his growl; when, ris- ing lazily among the bushes, he stumbled and fell, being evidently incapable of getting further.
 "A salute from both barrels with small shot scarcely tickled his skin, but it brought him once more on his legs, though only to fall again when having reloaded, I advanced on him, and ad- ministered double dose in his ear, which had the desired effect. The fact was he was quite drunk, although not disorderly." This inclination in wolves for incorporate indulgence in the juice of the grape is vouched for by several authorities.
 N It would appear that the wolves dur ing the ardent heats of August suffer greatly from thirst, and in the absence of water take to the vineyards, and there endeayor to assuage it by eating large quantities of grapes-very cool, and, no doubt, very delightful at the time; but the treacherous liquid ferments, bac- chanalian fumes soon infect the brain, and for several hours these four-legged topers are literally Gas drunk as beasts" and entirely deprived of their senses.
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
House Cleaning and House Moving.

The dread house-cleaning time is upon us, the saddest of the year, when dust,
 and soap, and slush abounds, and things look dark and drear. Many people avoid house-cleaning by moving. The house they move into is thoroughly cleaned,
 and in this way there is only the moving horror to put up with. Moving is hor- TOT. Poor Richard said the truth when he remarked that "three movings are as bad as a fire." This was before the days of insurance. Now, if the articles are insured, one moving is worse to the householder than whole confagration.
 Some people move as matter of econo- my. They let rent accumulate, and move to avoid it. This is a very detes- table class of people, and if they would move permanently and forever out of town it would be blessing. Then some people move every year because they be- come dissatisfied with the house they are in. This year they will all move into the incest, most irreproachable dwelling, in the most desirable neighborhood in town. During the twelve months to come, the defects will crop out one by one, and by this time next year they will be in the worst house, in the worst quar- ter of the city, and will again move into the most desirable, etc., etc. We are Q moving people, yet everybody hates to move. se,s s..
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
MARKET NOTES.
NEW YORK MARKET.

NEW 4ORh MAhhEI.
 The wholesale New York market quotations show:
 BEANs.-Prime, $1.55@-; fair to good, $1 .45@$1. 50 per bushel.
 BUTTER-New York sold at 2sc for choice in pails, and 24c. CD26c. common to good Western sold at 25c. @26c., and the common Western at 13c. 0D1Sc.
 CHEESE. Factory fancy, 141Ec.; do. fair, lsc. @1315c.
 Eaas.-Quotations ranged from He. for ordinary to, 12c. for New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. $4. s5@$5.25; extra New York, $5 25@$6. .40. HAY.-Shipping, Csc. .D70c. clover, 55c@ salt, tOc.; straw, soc. @$1.c0.
 Hops.-New York, 27c. O .3Sc.; Eastern, 27c PETROLEUM Refined, 75sc.: crude, 69Sc., in bulk; in barrels, 7c.@7%c.; naphtha, sac. in shipping..order, and 11A4c. @1s>Sc. in PonK-New mess, $1l.e5; dressed hogs, WHEAT:-spring No. ?, $1.s5@$l.ae: Mil waukee Mo- 5, $1.3s@ $14316; amber, $1.40 ,; white $1.38@$1. 40. RYE.-State, 92c. WooL-Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia xxx, Goo. CGS2c.; XIX. 55c. 057c.; X, 55c. 057c.; No. 1, 6Oc. 065c.; No. 9, 55c. t060c.; common, 52c. .@55c.; New York and Western xxx and X, 52c. @56c.; No. 1, 5Sc. @62c.
 PHILADELPHIA MARKET. F1ouR.-state family, $6.oo@$625; rye flour, $475@$-; wheat, State, $1.36; amber, $1.45 corn, yellow, '5315c.@-; mixed State, 5215c.
 PETRoLEuM.-Refned, 7%c. crude, 5sSc. WooL.-State and Western xx. 55c. @5Sc.; X, 55c @5Sc.; medium, 65c. .@671Sc.; coarse, 58c. @60c.
 BOSTON MARKET.
 FLoUR.-From $5.00@$5.50 for low and mediums, to S6.oo@s7.95 for choice Mime sota; corn, 60c. GD6!c. for mixed and yellow. BUTTER Common, 20e. @26c.; Vermont dairy, 25c. 0)28c.; choice creamery, 35c. @37c CHEEsE.-10c. @15c.
 BEANs.-$1. .40@$2.15.
 HAY.-C Choice. $12@$17
 CATTLE MARKETS.
 BUFFALO. Cattle good quality, $5;12@ $5. .621S hogs, fair to good, $4. 45@$4.60; best, $4 Sc.
 EAST LIBERTY, PENN.-Best cattle, $5.25 {; medium to good, $450@$4.S0; common to fair, $3 90@$4.3s. Hogs, Workers, $4.9o@ s5.1o; Philadelphias, $4.6o@$4.s5. Sheep, s. 490@$6.25.
 WATERTowS, MAss.-Cattle. choice, $7.25@ $s. co; extra, $6.75@$7.00; first quality, $6. OO0$6.50; second quality, $5>OO@$5b0 ; third quality. $4.00@$4.75. Sheep and lambs wool sheep, $4.00@$6.50; extra, $7.00@ 5000; springllambs, 6s1c.@sc Veal calves, 4c. @63<c.
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
Wanted Them Both.

American mothers have acquired nc little reputation abroad for skill and en- ergy in connubial management on behalf of their daughters. They are not gener- ally, we imagine, more inclined to man. agement of this sort than mothers of oth- CT nationalities but some of them dis play so remarkable talent for setting their girls advantageously, that they have made name for their entire tribe. A Paris newspaper g ives recent instance of the great success of an American man. ma of the peculiar order. Her elder daughter had sailed from New York with some friends for 8 tour of Europe, and, after doing the Continent, had returned to the French capital for several months of rest and pleasuring. Attractive and clever she had many suitors, some more, some less desirable. She could not mar ry them all, so she adroitly reduced the number to two-the best of the lot, of course. Then she wrote the fact to her mamma, adding that they were so hand some, agreeable, well connected, and rich, that she could not decide between them, and closed with the question, "What shall do?" Ten days later she received cablegram from mamma, "I sail tomorrow. Hold both till I come. !" The next Transatlantique steamer car ried Mrs. with her younger daugh- ter, turned IS, and just out of school. On arrival she immediately took the helm of affairs, and steered so deftly through the dangerous waters, that in few weeks she had reached port with all the colors flying. To drop metaphor, she attended the wedding of her two daughters at the American chapel the same morning. Af- ter due examination, she decided neither of the nice fellows should go out of the family
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
New Publications

are furnished by the Worlds Dispensary Medical Association, Buffalo, N. Y., and Great Russel Street Buildings, London, England, on terms to suit the times. A new edition of the Peoples Common Sense Medical Adviser, about l, 900 0pages, nearly 300 illustrations, by R. V. Pierce, M. D., postpaid, $1.50. Invalids' Guide-Book post paid, 10 cents !; Motion as q remedial agent, illustrating move ment cure for paralysis, diseases of females, stifened joints, club feet, spinal curvature and kindred affections, 10 cents; Diseases of Generative Organs, 10 cents Catarrh, its rational treatment and positive cure, sent on receipt of one postage stamp. Address as above.- Tj9)1pS
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28
saf. ty From n Presidential scourge.

Protection from the disease, not medicinal agent which merely checks the paroxysms, is the grand desideratum wherever the endemic scourge of malaria prevails. Quinine does not afford this protection. The chief reason why Hostetter's Stomach Bitters has won such inn mense popularity is that it prepares the system to resist the malarial pest. This it does by bracing, and toning thee physical organism distribution of the animal fluids, and establish ing digestion on sound basis Not only is fever and ague prevented but the worst types Of the disease are conquered by it. Such is the only just conclusion to be drawn from the over- whelming evidence in it's favor. It is equally efficacious in dyspepsia, constipation liver conn plaint and general debility, and rheumatic com plaint, and is @ reliable diuretic and nervine.
Connecticut western news., 1880-04-28

FASHION NoTE.-The coming summer hat for woman is to be of straw. It will be knocked in on the front, jammed in on the back, showed in on each side and kicked in on top. Then the rim will be jammed upall around to make the whole effect harmonious. It will be trimmed with strips of sheet tin, turkey wings, old fruit cans and debris generally. It is an economical kind of hat, as it can be made by taking. boys old straw hat, running wheelbarrow over 1t few times and hitching on whatever comes handy.