davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
For the Advertiser.
4 Prompt and Emphatic Denial From
Mrs. Vaughan.

To tie E .itors of the Etigcfetd Adoer
tisca': The startling statements recently
Sc. atloat by Mr.. Oscar Foy. whereby he
charges That I have been criminally in
innate with him, and That No and l poi,
soned my late husband, ID. n. Vaughan,
make it necessary that l should at once,
and in the most public manner put upon
record my emphatic and unqualified de-
ri Il OF the false and malicious accusa-
items which he has made against me.
Had been SO infatuated and enanlored
with Mr.. Foy rs to poison my husband
on his account, the mostnatural sequence
of the crisne would have been the con-
summation OF its purposes by my mar
rying him afterwards. BY joining him
in sn Lyinous a crime, | would have
placed myself SO much in his power as
To ma 20 il IL necessity for me II marry
him.
+ do most so emily assert that I have
not at any time had any criminal init
macy with Mr.. Foy, that I have never
entertained any purpose of marrying
him, nor held out to him any induce
ments of that kiEd.
I furthermore deny that / poisoned
Mr.. Vaughan, or had any knowledge of
any poison being administered to him
to cause his death.
My mother, Mrs. Huiet, Was at my
house during Mr.. V@ughan's last illness,
and was in The room where he was, from
time 20 time, up to the moment OF his
death
The whole story has been concocted
and fabricated by MIR. Foy 10 revenge
himself upon me-. because 1 refused to
accept his proposals of marriage, made
To me after Mr.. VaUghan's death, and
because could not longer keep him on
my premises, on account Of his pressing
these proposals, and his too frequent use
of Intoxicating liquors, to the neglect of
business.
1 hope the people here. who have
known me all my life, will not give
ready credence to a story coming from
such a source, which would make me
out TO he such q heartless, wicked and
abandoned wretch, as this vile falsehOod
would represent me to be.
! have expressed my readiness and
willingness to my friends, with whom
I have consulted, 10 have Mr.. Vaughan's
body exhumed and subjected to chemi-
cal analysis.
1t is painful to be thus thrust before
the public, but my silence, under the
circumstances, would bo construed Into
acquiesconce in the reports made against
me. IDA 5. VAUGHAN.
Granite Spring, S. c., Jan. s, 1880.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
R0arding House,

ON the lst of January, I will open a
W BOARDING HOUSE in the Car
vile Residence at JOHNSTON, S. G., tnr
the accommodation of the public. My
main obj,c in coming to Johnston is to
educate nv children, and having ample
facilities, ] can accommodate fifteen or
twenty bnlr.i"rs. Persons desiring to
send their children to our Johnston
Academy, will find a retired and pleas
ant home Promising to give the chill
dren entrusted 10 my care my strict per-
sonal supervision, all remissness will be
promptly reported. The patronage of
Clerks and The travelling publ. is re-
spectfully solicited, promising To do all
in my power To promote their comfort.
In addition to my b arding House. 1
will also give MUSIC LESSONS, at The
usual rates.
Mrs. JOHNSON a. BLAND.
Jan /, 1850. 3t5
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
The Error in the Supply Bill.

The error in the Supply Bill has excl
tel d great deal of attention, and many
have been the surmises as to what should
BE- doae. aad what would be done, about
il. AS will be seen, however, by a Co.
lumbia telegram, in another column, the
Comptroller. General is proceeding I'M
der the Act as it stands, and preparing
circulars to that effect to send to the
County T~reasurers.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
= T;3RSE145W

.TOTrFT, nor farirfe0, uU< aF:roYeo Dy the
Governor. The provision as to the $4,000
for the Charleston militia is not inslseli
OF so great Importance, but in that par
ticular the enrolled act is not a true copy
Of the original bill.
The tax act is one Of that class of acts
about which the constitution is most par
ticular, i%nasnuch as it raises a revenue
from the people. Such an act cannot
even originate in the Senate. but mus
have its origin in the popular branch of
the General Assembly.
Section Is of article 2 Of the State con-
stitutioa says: "Bills for raising Il reve-
nue. shall originate in the House of Rep
resentatives, but may he altered, amend
ell or rejected by the Senate; and all 9TH
err bills may originate in either house,
and may be amended, altered or rejected
By the other"
Sect on 81 Of article 2 reads: mo bill
shall nave the force of aw until it shall
have been read three times and on three
several days in each house, has had the
great seal Vi ll6 SidIC dlllAVu W ~ ohN
has been signed in the Senate house by
the President Of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representa-
tives."
This is one of the results Of the haste
with which the Legislature carried on
It's business during the latter part Gifts
session. 1t was next to impossible that
so much could be done i'll so short a
time without some mistakes occurring,
but we confess we were not prepared
tor so grave an error as this. We hope
that some means may be found - avoid
In necessity of an extra session.
We do not think that any one Of the
c'e-ks or committees can justly be blam-
Ell for this oversight, as the pressure OF
labor upon them was simply immense,
and such az human nature could not
encounter successfully.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

GgoRG1A's PEosPERlTY.-Georgia realizes
100000 from the rent of the Western
and Atlantic railroad and $4,000 from the
Macon and Brunswick railroad, $4,000
from the inspection Of fertilizers, $4,000
from the lease Of convicts, $4,000 from
tax on railroads and $4,000 from her :
quor tax, making from these special sources
an income Of $450,000. Her general tax
nets her about IS $1,000. The total income
of the State is about 81. 100000. She is
called the Empire State OF the South. She
has more factories than any other South
ern State, and is never weary of well-dc-
ing in that direction. Every now and
then we hear of some new enterprise bt-
ing undertaken there. Some new MIL is
always in the course Of construction, and
additional evidence OF hei prosperity is be-
ing continually given to the world. Her
people are awake, progressive, energetic
They are on the high road to lasting pros
perily, AID know that diversified in!us-
tries alone bring it.--EnSeigh a.. O. o.
seTCsr.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
an Z,
State OF South Carolina,
EDGEFIELD COUNTY.
In Probate Court

DY l.. CHARLTON, Esq, Probate
Id Judge.
Whereas, Mrs. Harriet T.. Hughes has
made suit to me, u grant her Letters of
Administration of the Estate and effects
of James S. Hughes.
These are therefore to cite and admon-
ish all and singular Tho kindred aud
creditors of tho said Jas s. Hughes, de.
CEASED, that they he and appear belnre
inc. in the Court of Probate, to be held
AT Iidgefield G. II on Tin 23rd of Janun-
ry next, after publication hereof, ut IL
O'clock in the forenoon, To shtw canse, if
any they have, why the said Adminis-
.ratiOn should not bs granted.
Given under my Hand, tn s eth day
of January, a D. 1850.
Published on the It'll day Of January,
1880, In tho Edgeiield Advertiser.
l.. CHARLTON, j. p. G..
Jan I, $780, 2t5
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

GRANT AT SAvANSAH.-Gen. Grant
and party arrived at Savannah on the
night of the lat %instant, and were receiy-
ed by the Mayor and Board of Aldermen
and the Collector of the Port The COL
ored military companies parading in hon.
or Of emancipation day assembled at the
depot and gave loud cheers as the train
arrived. The colored military desiring 10
escort Grant, a battalion was formed and
the carriage containing the General and
the Mayor was escorted from the depot
followed by a large crowd. At the hotel
a considerable number Of whites had as.
sembled, but there was nc demonstration
with the exception Of three more cheers'b by
the colored military.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
Gen. Grant at Columbia.

No formal reception awaited Gen. Grant
at the station yesterday, and very proper
ly 80. However willing we might have
been to pay our personal respects to 80
distinguished an American as the ex Pres
ident and the leader OF the great Union
armies, and he was not objectionable
our people on either of these scores 8
as such, yet it, would have. hAABJrTeiH
aaemly. sincerA>o- MAINLY that We shdS
have met the man who had packed OBJ
tate House with Federal troops with
huzzas and welcomes.-ReqiSter.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
HORSES and MULES
FROM KENTUCKY

'TNHE undersigned will have, to arrive
Il overland, on Salesday in February
next, Sixty Head of kentucky Mules,
and also 4 fine lot of Horses, from the
Blue Grass region. Among them are
extra Saddle and well-broken Harness
Horses. Every animal we sell shall
come up To our recommendation or no
trade DAN TURNEY, of Ky.
DICK COLEMAN, OFFS. G.
Jan 7, Ats
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
The supply Act Stands.

,Special Dispatch TO The Nears and Courier.
COLUMBIA, January 2.-The comptrol-
ler-general will proceed under the Sup
ply act as it stands, and is preparing cir
culars to that effect to send to the County
Treasurers.
The Treasury is busy paying the jan
nary interest on the Deficiency bonds.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

Written in Memory Of Little Fisher Dd
Merritt.
The merry Christmas-time had come,
The time of all the year,
When happy hearts are in each home,
s.nd tables with good cheer.
But ah! oar hearts were very sad,
The house seemed void and lone,
No baby voice now made us glad,
All joy in life seein'd flown.
I sat with bowed head, the tear
Unheeded fell when bark!
A sound Of music filld the air,
The place no more vas dark.
clark !! the herald angels sing,
Glory to the newborn King"
Heavenly voices filled the room,
Vanished all my doubt and gloom.
Sweet one voice falls on my ear;
Thrilling tones which nee did hear
Lisping notes of baby's love,
Cooling like some gentle dove.
Now, the wordS came, soft and clear:-
Jesus Christ has brought me here.
Dark the path On earth, and wild:
Jesus Christ was once a child,
Well He saw each throb and pain
Teeming in a baby's brain,
Tiny hands all wrung in woe;
Jesus loved your'baby. So
Graded in His loving arms,
Far away from earth's alarms,
Your dear lamb the Shepherd bore.
Let your faith now upward soar;
See the precious baby face,
Gone al! sorrow, rot one trace.
Eyes that once with pain were bright
Now are filled with Heavenly light.
Tiny hands now clasped in JOY,
Mother, hear your precious boy
No more sutf'ring, not one sin,
Where shall e'er my praise begin2
Freed from earth without one stain,
Mother, join the Joyous strain,
Happy baby, to be giv'n
My first Christmas Day IN Heau'n."
Dec. 25th, 1879.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
Masonic Officers.

The following officers have been duly
elected to serve Cold Spring Lodge, No
lG9, A.. F. NJ, for the ensuing year:
G.. w. Bussey, w. M.
G. w. Hamilton, S. w.
j. A. White, J. w.
S. Holmes, Treas.
w. A. Cartledge, Sec'ry.
Is. Matthew'S, s. D.
w. L. Mcdaniel i n -
j. A. Lanier, "'e""ros'
w. j. Holmes, Tyler.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
Notice of Application for Fl.
nal DiScharpe

ON the It'll day of February, 1880, /
will apply to the Hon. l.. Charlton,
Judge of Probate for Edgefield County,
for a Final Discharge as Administrator
OF the Estate of Amina II. Lowry. de-
ceased. All persons Interested are here
by notified 7, appear on that day and
show cause If any they have why said
discharge should not DO granted,
JAMES I. QUITS, Jr.,
Admir-. Est. A. Ii. Lowry, deed.
Jan. g.. bt5
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

"They cure" What cure? Ayers
Cherry Pectoral for a Cough, Ayers Pills
for purgative purposes, and Ayers Sar-
saparilla for complaints that require an
Alternative medicine. 2l5
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

has. not beet. since heard of.
Mrs Vaughn denies the truth of the
e mfession, and says that Foy quarrelled
with her and trumped up the story for
revenge. No arrests have been made.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

sSAI.. ....snSSs Fap9s is not Sourl:1
ernS sentiment; it is not American santi-
uoht. The respect Of our quomlam foes
we have enjoyed, because they believed
that, in war, the Southern people were
honest, sincere and self-sacriiclng. These
Grant receptionus, if they continue, will
convince the whole country that the
Southern people are disingenuos, or are
wanting in a nice sense Of what is due TO
honorable self-respect.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

utter ruin, and it takes but little labor
and will produce more forage than any
other crop WE plant. Therefore, we con-
slider it one OF the saving factors that has
added to our material prosperity.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
Grange Meeting.

FTNI1E next meeting of Edgeield Pc
"A mona Grange will be held with
Spring Creek Crane, at Mr.. Tyre Eth
eredge's Store, on Wednesday, 2sth Jam
uary, inst, ut 10 o'clock. A. NJ.
W.. III. ZIMMERMAN, Master.
u. A. SMITH, Sec'ry.
Jan 7, 1880. ct5
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

There are l,349 miles of railroad now
in operation in South Carolina.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
$3.50 a yea,, postage included.

P<.OV d SCdi, PpStbSC ihIIuuCus
THECmICAGo WEEKLY NEwsis every
where re ;ognized as paper unsurpassed
in all tho requirements Of American
Journalism. II stands conspicuous
among the metropolitan journals Of the
country ~ a complete newspaper. Its
telegraphic service comprises all the
dispatches of the Western Associated
Press and the National Associated Press,
besides a very extensive service of spe-
cial telegram from all important points
AS a newspaper it has no superior. 1t is
Independent in Politics presenting NIL
political news free from partisan bias or
coloring. and absolutely without fear or
favor as 10 parties.
1t Is, in tho fullest sense, a Family
Paper. Each issue contains Six Com
pleted Stories, besides a rich variety of
condensed notes on Fashions, Art, In
d l..ies, Literature, Science, etc etc.
y Market Quotations arc complete AMI
to be relied upon.
1t is unsurpassed az an enterprising,
pure and trustworthy General Family
Newspaper. Our special clubbing terms
bring it within the reach of all Spcci-
men coDies may be seen at this office.
Gfs- Send subscriptions TO this office.
Dec. l7-tf
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
GRANT in
What the Press Says of the Ex-Presl-
dents Reception.

1t is reported that the object of General
Grants visit to the city of Augusta is to
accept the proffered Presidency Of the
great Augusta canal, and to advise the
Mayor and Council relative to the Nc
Bean troubles.-AMens (Ga) Bannrr.
If it shall be impossible for Gen. raj
Grant to accept the Inequalities of the
city of Augusta, rendered him by the
City Council, how would it do to send
Babcock in his place? Augustus patriot
ism ought to have some sort Of r%ecogni-
ion.-Rome( Ga Courier.
lie was received by the Mayor and
Councilmen, and escorted to the Union
Depot by a procession of colored worship
pers who were engaged in celebrating the
emancipation proclamation o. Abraham
Lincoln in 1868. This is all yer well, but
Augusta didn't do the handsome thing by
the future President. She ought to have
taken him up the canal by all means. 1t
IS true it is not as big a thing as the in
te%r-oceanic Nicarauguan concern, but there
is much more realty about it. Couldn't
Augusta make him President of the canal,
shelve him from the impending Presiden
cy, and saw the expense of his trip to
Nicaragua p Charlotte ~ c) Observer.
A man in our sanctum, the other day,
remarked that when the country runs
around after Grant with brass bands and
the like, the country makes a jolly old ass
o%fitself. Wasn't he right ?-Lngrunge
(Ga Reporter.
Gen. Grant. in his travels through South
Carolina and Georgia. is received with ev
cry evidence Of good will by the people,
both white and black IncinnnH Ga
zette.
We don't take any Grant in ours. We
are down on toadyism. 1t is disgusting
to see Southern cities inviting Grant TO
visit them. This boot-licking spirit in
some quarters is what makes Blaine and
Conkling curl their lips when they make
their filings at the Southern chivalry."-
Sparta (Ga Times and Planter.
Much 10 the disgust of the Grant ha-
tiers, the people Of Georgia are showing
the General very aatlering attentions.
This is the Southern wing of the BOOM
Washington Republican.
Gen. Grant should he convinced by this
time that the people Of the South bear
him no malice. The cordial nature Of his
reception al Columbia, Augusta and other
shows that, in spite of the MAJ
OF oppression which the South was
forced TO endure at his hands, her people
remember only that he is their guest and
the soldier who redeemed his pledges to
Gen. Lee at Appomattox in the face of the
bitterest opposition on the part of Repub-
lican politicians.-Bauimore Gazette.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

THE SUPPLY Acr.-Major BUST, the
chairman of the Ways and Means Com
mittee of the House Of Representatives,
says that he considers the accidental pas
sage of a State levy of Il mills a very
fortunate occurrence, as with a less levy
there would certainly have hoen a def
cheney in the appropriation. -Ne~s AMI
(uurter.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

SENSIBLE TALK.-The Winnsboro' NeaOS
wisely says: Correspondents of newspa-
pers are still discussing who saved the
State. Every one in the State, from Gov.
Hampton down to the humblest citizen,
Who rode on horseback, or kept his place
in the line. or obeycd his club presidents
orders to the best o: his ability, deserves
equal credit. 1t took just a fraction over
ninety-two thousand men to save the
State. And they did it, and nc one class
of men can claim all the honors.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
Grange MeetilG.

FNIIERE will be II meeting of Lott
Il Grange on Saturday the 10th .Janna-
ry, for the purpose of Fleeing and H.
stalling officers TO serve for the year 1881.
Jan 7, lis
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
CURRYT0N BAPTIST
HIGH SCHOOL.
EDGEFiELn co.. =. G..
FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.
HUGH F. OLIVER, Principal.

"The object of that education is, OF
ought t" be, to provide wise exercise for
bis capacities, wise direction for his ten
denotes, and through this exercise and
this direction to furnish his mind with
such Knowledge as may contribute to
the usefulness, the beauty, and the no
bleneSs of his life"
Session of "a weeks begins Monday,
January 18th, 1880.
Terms: s.. 81. so, 80 per month.
Board, including everything, 50 per
month.
No extra charges Languages l.,ught: :
English, German, Latin, Greek. lIubrew.
No Music Teacher. Board for 10 pupils
in good families within IA mic and a half
of Academy.
TRUSTEES:
Hon. Hugh a. Shaw. chair, Rev. S.
p. Gctzen, Hon. a. z Butter, Hon A. J..
Hammond, John Briggs.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08

@- Commence the New Year 10y SIP
crIbing for 1.-THE ADVERTISER"
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
Nose Edison

WILL have BEEF every SATUR-
w DAY and WEDNESDAY at Capt.
Mnrsh's Cellar. Give him Il call.
Jan Z, 1880. lie
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
9pmt,rtu.


MARRIED, Dec. 23d, 1880, at the resi-
dence Of tho brides father, by Rev. G..
w. Busseyy, Miss EDNEY HOLMES and
Mr.. JOHN EwBANKs.
MARRIED, on the same day, by the
same. at the home of Mr. r. A. Cochrmtn,
Miss MALINDA COCHRAN and Mr.. OSCAR
SEIGLER.
MARRIED, by the same, at the same
time end place, Miss ANNA MORGAN
and Mr.. PERRIN SEIGLER.
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
Notice
10 the CorpOratorS OF the dge-
field Trenton and Aikcn~Rail-
road COMPANY.
Notice

tVou OUWpdnys
conformity to the requirements q,
Il an Act of the General Assembly
passed at its last session. entitled An
Act TO amend an Act entitled AN Act Ia
incorporate tho Edgctield Branch Kali.
road Company, and for other PURPOSES,
notice Is hereby given that a meeting of
inc corporators named in said Act will
be held on Thursday the 18th instant NJ
trenton, on &. Z. IL A. X. t., at l. o'clock.
NJ, for tho purpose of organization. by
tue election Of Il President and ten III
rect of the Edgetield, Trenton and
Aiken Railroad Company. Said Corpo.
rators are as follows:
From Etigcfetd: John l.. Addison. !.
Z. Sheppard, = +. Cheatlianl. T.. K,,s,.
nj w. Gary, a ]. Norris, j r. AL1,y'
NJ. q. Butler, o. Sheppard, Alvin Hart.
James NJ. Cobb, w. B. Penn, w. l..
IS. w. Hill, Il. 1t. M Dunovant, IL. W.
Addison, Lewis p Jones, NJ. w. Abney,
Thos. } Adams, A. Il. Glover, w. r
Roath. Fl. Parker. james r. Bacon. j..
i. CASTOR, H. Charlton, b. NJ. TalIert.
WI Raniey, Lewis Jones and w. ID.
jennings.
From TrentOa: n. II. Clark, j NJ.
Wise, DR.. Geo. Wise; John B. Norris, j
A. e.. Jones, John ID. Roper, Samuel Ii.
Manget, Abraham Jones, S. b. Hughes,
john Belts and Benjamin Belts.
From Aiken: DR.. p. G. Rockwell, l..
JIG. Wood, Henry Smith. Henrv Hahn,
&. X. Henderson, r.. p. Chattieln, j. II.
Beckman, &. w Cro.., Jahles Aldrich,
A. 5. Seigler, John Bell, JIG Steedulan,
Ihos. j. Davies, Henry SHREDDER, Henry
Vessels. w. A. Schmidt, james Powell,
w. w. Woolsey, w. w. Williams, w
j. Williams, Gains Ashley. T. II. A.
Oakley, q. G. Jordan, NJ. II. Iiolley, An
gus 2. Brown.
From Charleston: GAorse l.. Buist,
Charles H. Si'nnntm, B II. Rutledge,
Samuel Y. Upper, F. A. Pelzer, Andrew
Sirnonds, George w. Williams, c. o.
Wltte, A. j. Johnston, f. w. W~agener,
o. f. Wisters, Bernard O'Neil, Jonn II.
DevereanX, James Allen, ,.ugh Fergu-
son, ID. r. Fleming and a. w Hayden.
Lewis JONES, Pres't.,
ltdgefield Branch X. Il. Go.
A.. j. NORRIS, Sec. and Treas.
Jan. I. 1850 Its 4
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
TO RENT FOR 1880

LT have moved my Law Office to my
il residence at The Saluda House.
The Brick Office recently occupied by
me, will be rented for the ensuing year.
Apply to j l.. Addison, Esq
II. w. ADDISON.
Dec 3Oth, ls79-2t4
Edgefield advertiser. [volume] (Edgefield, S.C.) 1836-current, 1880-01-08
For the Advertiser,
MY FIRST CHRISTMAS DAY In
HEAVEN.

Written in Memory of Little Fisher Day
Merritt.