The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1880-05-20

government will prove interesting, mo-
only to the politician for ready reference
but to the general reader who may by &
careful perusal, become acquainted with
its history.
POLITICAL PARTIES.
Their History, Aims and Acts In Ameri.
eau Poiitics-Biuer sights from the
First-Ihe Rise and Fall of know.Noth.
inEism.
Prior to the abolition OF allegiance to the
mother country there were no political
parties in the United States. Most Of the
colonies were under royal or proprietary
governments, but in New England the
colonists were more fortunate. They bad
obtained charters from the king by which
they were allowed to exercise the powers
ofseltgovernment which were denied to
their neighbors. They found what De Toe.
qneville calls ''little democracies, !" and es-
tablished the principles Of popular sover-
eighty, which soon spread to the other
colonies. In 1850 the English government
endeavored to control the colonies with
out their consent; and, in the contest
which followed, the English party names
Wing and Tory became naturalized as 1t
were in this country. The Wings were
those who espoused and upheld the colo
MES, and the Tories were those who had
not forfeited their allegiance to the crown.
The latter party was finally abolished
at the close OF the revolution. When the
new Constitution was framed in 1857,
there were two political parties, called
Federalists and AnttFederalists, each the
0utgrowth OF personal opinions regarding
the constitution and the government Of
the people. The Federalists wanted a
strong government that would make itself
respected abroad and obeyed at home.
The other party were opposed to Federal
government, and believed that the welfare
OF the country could be secured by q con.
tinuance Of the league between the thir-
teen independent republics. The contest
between the two parties, pending the
adoption Of the constitution, was very
bitter and lasted many months. The Fed
eralists were finally victorious, and Wash.
ington was chosen President. His cabinet
was selected with regard for the opposite
opinions oi his supporters, and consisted
OF three Federalists, Hamilton, Knox and
Jay, and two anli.Federalists, Jefferson
and Randolph. In 1892 both parties be.
came reconciled to the constitution, and
all opposition TO the Federal Union ceased
The Difference nj This Time
was upon the policy which should be en-.
Outraged in controlling and managing the
Government. The Federalists retained
their name, but Jefferson, as the leader Of
the anti. Federalists, gave his party the
name democratic. Republican" which
was changed to Republican, a name 1t re
tanned until 1928. This. was the party now
known as the Democratic party. AT the
request OF both parties Washington con.
sented 10 serve as President for second
term, and the only object Of party contest
in the election was the choice OF vice.
President. The Federalists supported
John Adams, and the Republicans George
Clinton OF New York. The former were
successful, and continued in power until
1900, when Jefferson was elected Presi
dent, over John Adams by a majority Of
dive votes. The election OF Jefferson pro.
duced the first political revolution in the
United States since 1857. The hatred oil
the parties for each other had suffered no
abatement; the Federalists called their
opponents, Democrats and JacObins; while
Republicans retorted by calling the Fed.
efallsts, "Blackcocades,H abiding 70 the
party badge worn in 1898. With the re.
peal OF the judiciary law in 1901, the Fed.
sral party which had founded the Govern.
ment, lost forever the control OF national
politics, but were given fresh life in 1905,
by the "Qnids," a party formed by the
friends OF Randolph oil Virginia who was
offended al not being appointed Minister
10 England. and who lllled With the Red
eralisis in opposition To the Republicans.
The "Quids" ceased to have separate ex-
lstance after It's failure 10 nominate Mon.
roe in 1872, and most Of its members re.
turneii tQ The support OF the administra-
ton.
Those who remained outside the Repuh:
lican ranks, with the Federaltsts and
those Republicans who opposed the war
Of 1912, formed q "Peace party" which
was continued until the close OF the war.
This era marks the final extinction OF the
Federal party, and the whole people soon
became merged into one party, the princi:
pies OF which were unlike those OF the old
parties. From this time to 1924 party d.
visions in national elections nominally
disappeared, and the election Of Madison,
with only one vote in opposition, mar ked
the dawning OF an era OF good feeling
The differences Of opinion between the
loose constructionisIs who maintained
those principles OF The early Federalists,
and desired protective tariff and sys,
tenn OF public Improvement at the national
expense, and the strict Constructionists
who held to opposite views, soon made
them opposing parties, and the great cleo
tiou OF 1924 was won by the former. The
lcoalition between the friends OF Clay and
Adams gave TO that party the distinctive
name OF National Republicans, which was
afterwards changed TO that OF Wings. Al
early as 1926 Jackson was nominated ioI
President by the Legislature oil Tennessee
1.-The friends OF Crawford, who had been
Republican candidate in 1924. united OF
Jackson, and the coalition assumed thu
name Of Democrats, by which they hay
since been known. They were successful
lin the elections OF 1928, 1889 and 1886
The next party'to come to the public no
ice was
The Anti-Masonic Party.
which was formed in 1929, to oppose tn
election Of any Free Mason to office. Th
outgrowth OF this party was the sudaei
disappearance. in 1928, of William MOI
gan, OF New York, who had advertised
book exposing the secrets OF Preemasonry