The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-04-10
AGRICULTURE G..

How TO MAKE DRAINs.--The distance
between drains must be determined by
the nature of the soil, their depth
and the umounr Of fall. A loose, porous
soil will permit water to reach the
Grains for long distance, while a
tough, compact clay Is almost impervi-
Gus to water and II Quircs the drains to
be made much ncnrrr. In black
loose soil, drains at the depth OF tour
ieet are SLfllclcnt at u dlStanc" of ten
rods apart, hut it the land Is hard pan
the distance apart should be from four
TO six rods. But few persons In this
part of the country realize the great
advantage that deep drains have over
shallow ones. In my extensive ac-
Quaintance i'll this and adjoining coun-
tries among draincrs, know or but few
that drain to depth averaging over
one and half to three feet. Farmers
pay taxes on their land all the way
down (and on wet lands It, often
amounts to Il rent), but they never get
any agricultural benefit from 1t any
deeper than they drain, but they do get
the benefit OF iC that deep, even if 1t
iscighttret; In fact, an OF chard or Vine
yard should no. be drained less than
that depth. The time Is probably not
will be taken up and put down again ut
Il proper d. pth. Persons often say that
it costs 100 much tn drain so deep, when
the tact Is the cost Is less. For In
stance, it would cost but worry little
mi;'io 10 dig two drains TO the depth Of
four feet than 1t will TO dig three to the
depth OF two and halt feet, and the
TWO deep draius will drain fully as
much land as tie three shallow, anu
will drain it m"ch better and save the
expense of II third line Of tile. But the
depth Of drains is not always n matter
Of choice. as very often tho outlet Is
not sufficient, and have very often
noticed that persons are sometimes eX-
trcmely contrary about giving their
nciglbors above them an outlet, and
very often spend more time and money
i'll lawinG about it than would do the
whole work, besides creating Il bad
feeling. In making an Improvement of
this kind, that Is to last for all time TO
come, it Is much better to secure good
outlet In Tho first place, il IL docs cost
something mere, especially II the land
IS fit and you have but little fall; but
In all cases 1t Is best to have Il good out
l,t 20 That the water will fall from
>iN 10 twelve Inches when 1t leaves the
tile.
SToR1HG Ice AND SUMMER BUTTER.-
house for the sole purpose OF pre-
serving ice MY be very cheap and
plain. 1t requires only TO pack the Ice
ns closely rs possible, SO IL shall be Il ec
from open spaces, and then cover it
side and t0p-tMO feet thick with saw
dust, remembering TO provide tor the
ready escape OF water 0CcasiOncd by the
melting uf ice, by placing som ching
like biilels of wood between the Ice AMI
the ground, and at the same time pro-
tectIng IT from currents OF air. The ice
will be preserved ali the better If The
siding which holds the sawdust in place
Is open enough TO allow OF pretty
free evaporation OF moisture from the
$nwdusi, and there should also be good
ventilation over the Ice 10 permit moist
urc 10 escape readily. Tile batter room
may be joined tu the iCchOnse. 1t
should be tight, with double walls hay-
ing dead air space between them so
as to keep tho neat out and cold IN.
The tlours and doors should also be
double. The side next the 'ce should
be SO tight as not TO allow lampncss to
work throsgh into the butter room.
The butter room can be refrigerated
through The partition between it and
the icchOu$c, by cutting out Il rectamg-
ular hole OF the size OF Il common door
or large window, and covering the hole
with galvanized iron OH the side next
the Ice, AMI With atO>r on Tho side in
the butter room. When tnis door Is
open tue cold will come through the
galvanized Iron and cool the room us
desired; when closed, tho cold will be
shut out. Thus the room can be kept
at any desired temperature without uo-
hitting damp air, which is important,
us cLIuer is hest preserved in Il dry at
mospherc. However, for keeping but
ter IN finest condilioii, it Is not des.ra-
blc to cool it down very low; II too
cold, IL spoils quickly when brought
INTO common temperatures. Fifty de-
Hrecs are low enough, and 1T should
not go above SiXtv degrees.
SrRlNa WHEAT.--ln many localities
SPRING wheat w.ll succeed Ii It Is sow II
curly. Open weather In March, mny
termit blowing and sowing, aIthous II
the under soil be frozen. a cold spell
may irctzc the ground, or cover it
with snow nIit 1bn SnII l.. xnf,, I'm