, 1880-10-24

less than two inches in diameter. The safes
under wush-basins.. sinks. wnter-closets, etc.
with the soil Or wastc-ppe. but should he
druincd by sepuratc aud ndindependent pipes lead
Ing to the kitchen-sinE -o
The pell-trnps, which are In common use, We
consider safe.
WATER CLOSETS.
The wnter-closet most generally used IS the
pan-closet- This we cannot recommend.
Probably no perfect water closet hns yet been
devised, bur the set flushing hopper closet and
several Of the improved closets have re1nedied
some Of the most dangerous defects OF the pun
closets and we recommend their use. In nddi~
tion 10 the renttlatio Of the soil-pjpe and the
trnp, it Is advisable to run pipe Or Il tin con-
ins % shaft ii Or to to CHIMNEY icy This viii tend to
Curry Df the odors au1 any gases which might
escupe from the closet.
The custom of supply water closets with water
directly from the SERVICE pi pes nny bc dangcr-
Gus, and has bccn prohibited by law in London
since 1s7l. The danger Is from contamination s1
occasional enptyinK Of the pipes, Or, more COM
monty, from the small size OF the main service
pipe. which fails to keep the upper pipes Of Il
house filled while wntcr Is being drawn on the
lower floors. AS the water leaves the pipes:
foul mir from the water-closet enters them, and
is rapidly absorbed BY the cold water US it flows
buck into the pipes. This is believed to be 4
ca use Of TYPHOID fever.
Every wnter-closet. on the upper floors at
least, should, therefore, be supplied with water
thin one inch and a quarter in diameter, to in
sure rapid flushing Of the bowl and tho trap.
be ventilutcd By Il due. ind should hive dire ct
communication with the outer air, either by d
window or light shaft.
TO INSURE COMPLETE VENTILATION.
We have recommended that the soil pipe run
that all traps to wuste and ovcrtl ow pipes be
ventilated. This system eau be improved. und II
constant circulation Of uir secured through th5
pipes BY an iron pipe connecting with the soil
pipe near the point where it pnsses through the
outer wall, of uniform size with 1t, and running
out above the roof.
The Board of Public Works Of Chicago now re-
uuires every householder to build ind use q
catch basin into which kitchen sinks must
empty They should be built outside Of the
housc wherever this IS possible, and should. bc
roof.
The following is Il brief
SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS
made by your = olnmittee:
j. Concrete the ground under the entire build
:. ventilate the main sewers by perforated
cover TN every mnnhO!e.
5. Every house to have cast-iron SOIL pipe
not less than four inches III diameter and ont
Qqurter inch in thickness, tarred inside aud out
Side, running from sewer to roof, without II
trap, accessible for inspection throughout its
entire length. and with as greaI Il fuli rs
possible; the openings for wnste and soil pipes
iu the house walls to he larger than tho pipes,
to allow for settling.
L. Every sink, wash basin, bAth-tub, ind
watcr-c closet Except the "traplcss" closets) to
5, Every trap to be ventilated from its highest
point into pipe running out above the roof
and disconnected from the sol-pipe.
g. Joints in iron pipes TO be loaded ana cAuik-
cd or rust joints. joints between iron aud lead
pipes to bc made with dnncd-iron or brass
: Cutcl- blsi1,s to be built outside Of rte house
wherever possible, and ventilated by spectul
i. Water-closets to connect with the outer air
by a window or light SHAFT, and to have ven
tilnting tiue.
10, On lfe upper floors each water~closet to be
flushed from separate tnnk, through pipe
not lees than one and oue-Quurter inch in dfaul-
eter. acknowledgements,
the city authorities
SANITARY LEGISLATION.
It is the custom Of nil cities to control, By
municipal ordinance and by supervision, mat
more properly come within the scope OF nunict-
pul legislation than measures regulating house
drafn1re in order to prevent, Us far Us possible,
the generation and spread Of infectious diseases
It is obviously necessary to mike tue precun-
tons obligatory upon ali tne peop!e, rs tnea5 9,d
it is to the interest Of oil that they Should be
universally adopted.
Your Committee, therefore, recommend that
an ordinance be passed by the Common Council
Of Chicago embodyinx the most important OF tho
foregoing Recommendations. as follows:
l. Tnat every house which shalt be connected
with the city sewers, after this ordinance goes
into effect, shall have u continuous pipe OF not
less tfsu four inches fngide diameter, running
frt,m the street to ut least TWO feet abo':s