davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16

The LEDGER book and job printing
Office, together with its book bindery,
is prepared to execute work with
neatness and dispatch.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16

The LEDGER Job Printing Office
and Book Bindery, ID Madison, exc
cutes everything in their line as neat
and CHEAP as any house.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
'MMOnday, wednosday and Friday.

$Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
tDaily.
MONDAY, Thursday and Saturday.
Sunday, Tuesday and Friday.
Tuesday and Friday.
"Wednesday and Saturday.
gIuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
Mails for the following States forwarded
By St. Louis Express train, Louisville &
Nashville railroad; Illinois, Michigan, Min
nesota. Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas,
California, Colorado and all Territories.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
Saturday, September 4th, 1850,

in front of the courthouse | n the city of Mem
phis, between 10 a. m. and 2 D. m sell at pub-
lic auction to the highest bidder for cash, lot
10 and west half Of lot 3, In block %, on the
plan OF Fort Pickering, Shelby county, Ten
nessee, having Q front on the south side Of
Georgia street Of seventy Eve feet BY a depth
ofone hundred and sixty feet. Equity of re-
demption waived. Title believed TO be good,
but | will sell and convey as trustee only.
M3 CIV METCALF, Trustee.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16

James Lee, Osceola Belle, G.. w. Cheek,
Piasa.
CONDITION OF THE RIVERS.
The river at this point continues to
decline at the rate Of an inch per day,
and at noon to-day was s feet above
low water mrak. The Ohio is on a
stand at Pittsburg, with II inches on
the gauge. At Cincinnati it fell 3
inches, with 6 feet 3 inches on the
gauge. At Louisvilleit rose 2 inches,
with 4 feet 6 inches in the canal. At
Cairo it fell l inch with IL feet 6
inches on the gauge. The Mississippi,
at st. Louis, fell 3 inches, with 13 feet
on the gauge. The Cumberland, at
Nashville, fell Z inches, with 2 feet 2
inches on the shoals. The Tennessee,
at Chattanooga, rose 6 inches, with 4
feet 4 inches on the gauge. Arkansas
river is rising a little, with less than 3
feet in the channel between Pine
Bluff and Little Rock. White river
is getting low, only light draught
packets getting above Augusta.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Hot to-day.
Getting dusty on the levee.
Freight for the south is plentiful at
Cairo.
Business to day confined to local
packets.
Five feet full is reported on Rising
Sun bar. :
Five and a halffeet is reported over
Portland bar.
The Josie Harry departed Saturday
with a pair Of new chimneys.
The Cons Millar, for Memphis, left
Cincinnati Saturday evening.
A large gang oflaborers are at work
cutting away the edge Of the bluff.
The John A. Scudder, from st.
Louis, arrived at New Orleans Satur-
day.
The Piasa, with a tow Of stone, ar
rived from the lower Ohio last even
ing.
The Golden Crown, from Cincin-
natl, arrived at New Orleans yester-
day.
The hull of the new Cobb Cecil
was launched at Cincinnati on Friday
last. va
The new steamers Scotia and Iron
Duke will soon be completed at Pitts
burg.
The contractors for paving the low
er portion of the levee make haste
slowly.
Work is being pushed vigorously
on the new bridge across the Monon-
gahela river,
The Future City and barges from
New. Orleans, passed up Saturday
evening for st. Louis.
Several marines, who had the time
to spare and could borrow twelve dol
lars, left yesterday for Chicago.
The City of Providence reported
the A. j. Baker and barges aground
at the point just above cairo.
The towboat Charlie Bowen has
been sold to Captain O. +. Lietke. of
st. Louis. Terms private.
The John B. Maude leaves st. Louis
this evening for Memphis, and the
Colorado leaves Wednesday.
The r. Il. Lee takes the place of
j. w. Cannon tomorrow in the New
Orleans and Vicksburg trade.
Captain Thorwegen has had an
electric light placed on his boat, the
Charles P. Chouteau.
The Gold Dust, from Vicksburg to
st. Louis, passed up on time, doing
nothing of interest here.
Tho Sam Roberts and barges and
the Annie 7. Silver, from New Or
leans, arrived at st. Louis Saturday.
Leve McGarvey, Of Cincinnati. is
now captain of the low water deck of
the Golden City, in the Anchor line
trade.
Billy Warman went out again at
the wheel of the Josie Harry, Captain
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
State Lottery Company

This institution was regularly incorporated
by the Legislature of the State for Educational
and Charitable purposes in 1858, for the
tract tire inviolable faith of the State is
pledged, which pledge has been renewed by
an Overwhelming popular vote, securing its
franchise in the new constitution, adopted
December 2, A, D. 1879, with a capital of
Sl,OOO,00, 70 which 1t has since added a re;
single NumNber Distribution will take
place monthlS' on the second Tuesday. It
never scales OF postpones, Look at the follow
ing distribution
CAPITAL PRIZE, $4,000.
100, 1000 Tickets, at I've Dollars Each,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16

No. I5I Main Street, Memphis.
Keeps constantly on hand the best Stoves
in the market, Nt the lowest cash prices. Par
%ticular attention paid TO Tin Roofing, Gutter
ing and Spouting. 1901
pB-Steamboat work promptly attended to.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
POSTOFFTCE. MEMPHIS. Tenn.

Arrivals and Departures of Mails.
OPEN. Railroads. CLOSE.
- -
4 IS pm Gin. LOUSY. & Mem. $40 am
Il X Local and
thro Ugh mails
SPIN Gin. Louisv. 1 Mem. 1000 pm
r K through mails.
l sOp.m st. Louis x.,LouisV. IL IS pm
d Nashv. Ill Mich,
and all states west.
$50 pm CHAT. 4 Mem. r r. 6 90 pm
Local and through
mails.
IL Sam Chatta. 4 Mem. R R 10 90 pm
through mails.
lOU am Mem. Y Gren q n. II 30 am
O. RR.
II 30p.m Mem. al. R. RR. $50 p.m
eSe am lCov'g'n & Mem. RR $50 D m
SO am SomeryilleAccom'd'nl as pm
Riv. & Oih. Mails.
TWa.m" Memphis and Friar's $50 pm"
Point Agent.
700 amt Helena &Friar' sPoint 80 pint
PostOfiee.
100 q. mt Helena 4 Clarendon 40 pint
r r.
100 ami Mem. &Greeuv. Ag't. 4 30 pint
10 20 . mi Mem. 4 Vieksburgl 9 80 ami
Agent.
100 ami st. Louis & Mem. Ag't go ami
90 Ann 0sceola&Mem Agent. 4 80 p.m@
100 am st FrancisRiverhg't. 4 30 p.m2
90 am Arkansas RiverAgentl 4 20 p.mf
90 a.mglWhite River Agent. 4 30 p.mf
500 pm" Mem. to H~ollySp|gs, 6 10 a.m0
Miss. Stage route.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
Trustees Sale.

RY virtue Of q trust deed, executed to me
~ September Sd, 1877, for the purpose of Sc
curing an indebtedness therein mentioned,
which trust deed is Of record in the Register
office Of Shelby county, in book 100, page 10,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
MLT HARRY'B
Memphis, White and Black Rivers
u. 8. Mail Packets.

For Indian Bay, St. Charles, Clarendon, De-
yalls Bluff, DeS Arc, Augusta, J~acksonport,
and Pocahontss. The new and elegant
steamer
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
RIVER INTELLIGENCE.

noATs LEAVING THIS DAY.
For Friar's Point, James Lee........5 pm.
=" Oaceola, Osceola Belle. .... ). 5 pm.
y" Arkansas City, G. w. Check. 5 pm
" st. Louis, st. Genevieve........5 pm
ARRIVED.
Steamer james Lee, Friar's Point.
" Osceola Belle, Osceola.
G, w. Cheek, Arkansas City.
Future City, New Orleans.
City Of Providence, st, Louis.
Gold Dust, Vicksburg.
Grand Lake, st. Louis.
Piasa, Ohio river.
City of Alton, st. Louis.
DEPARTED.
Steamer Batesville, st. Francis river.
Josie Harry, White river.
Future City, st. Louis.
james d. Parker, Cincinnati.
City of Providence, Vicksburg
Gold Dust, 81. Louis.
" Grand Lake, New Orleans.
" City ofAlton, New Orleans.
IN PORT.
james Lee, 0sceola Belle, G. w. Cheek,
piasa
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16

louisville and Nashville and Great
Southern.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16
CAPITA-L PRIZE, $4,000;

y APPROXIMATELY Prizes OF 1UU.,.". l,oU
9 Approximation Prizes Of 10O-.... 900
1857 Prizes, amounting to- ................Sl l0 ,40C
Responsible corresponding agents wanted
at ali points, to whom liberal compensation
will be paid.
Write, clearly stating full address, for fur
ther information, or send orders by express or
mail, addressed only to.
M. A. DAUPHIN,
New Orleans, La,
or same person at
No. Sl9 Broadway, New York,
or ID. l.. Gillespie,
Not West Court street, Memphis, Tenn.
All our Grand Extraordinary Drawings are
under the supervision and management of
Gems. G.. 7. Beauregard and Jubal A. Early.
w&s10
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-08-16

LEAyE. arrive.
.Hil = ps.senEsr. daily 4.OOp.m. ESQ an
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
The Conscience Fund.

The first record of money received by
the Government from. repentant de-
frauders is in 1863. When Gen. Spin
ner was Treasurer he kept the account
separately, but the practice was discon-
tinued. The money now, as it has been
for the greater number of years since
1868, when the contribution began, is
turned into the treasury as miscellane-
GUS receipts. This is, undoubtedly, the
safer plan. Repeated attempts have
been made by members of Congress to
secure appropriations to be paid out of
the conscience fund. If the money
goes into the treasury as miscellaneous
receipts, it ceases to be q separate fund,
and cannot be raided upon. Only
recently member of Congress was at
the Treasury inquiring about the fund,
and with an eye to slice of it for some
purpose or other. He was informed
that the fund had ceased to be anything
but money in the treasury, and that it
could not be touched. It is not known
how much the conscience money now
amounts to. The total amount from
Dec. 1, 1868, to June 80, 1874, is given
Ill OAO A40douAO Oh 1OpOI0 AO1 LILO AdItCE
year. It was $162,914. Since then no
account of the contributions has been
kept. Treasurer Gildllan, however, es-
Inmates that the money now foots up
$250,000. As Gen. Spinner kept the
account separately, there is record of
it from 1867 to 1874. The amounts for
these years were as follows: 1867, 3d.
539.72; 1868, $47, 114.11; 1859, 81, 299.-
81; 1870, 49, O6; 1871, 1888, 749.51 1872,
$2,997.42; 1873, $25,551.21; 1874,
@,218.76. The contributions, as q rule,
come through the mails, with a note
forwarded. Very frequently ,peniten-
tial explanation is included. Some of
these explanations are very curious, and
some very laughable. They repent,
principally, over false returns made IN
der the income tax, and for having
evaded the duties upon articles of dress.
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
Food.

The use of food by different persons
should be regulated in quantity or
character, or in both, according to their
ages, health and occupations, the sea-
sons and the climate in which they live.
Milk is the only perfect food for infants.
It is the best food for children
and youth up to the age Of 16. Old
people are weaker in their digestive
powers, partly because their whole sys-
tenn is weaker, and partly because of
their diminished muscular activity.
Their food should be less in quantity
than that used by younger persons, and
of easier digestion.
In summer and in warm climates less
food by one-third is needed, the tone
1of the system being lowered. and per-
sons thus being unable to digest or to
assimilate as much as in winter and in
colder latitudes. So also fat, sugar and
starch-the latter includes fine -four
being mainly Matchmaking elements,
should be but little used in summer and
in tropical regions, and largely used in
winter and in cold climates. Corn
bread, which contains q large per cent.
of fat, is better adapted for food in
winter than In summer. Shoemakers,
tailors and people Of sedentary habits
generally need less food, and that is
more easily digested, than the farmer
and persons;who work in the open air.
Still, everybody should have enough
active exercise to digest q generous
diet. A thinker needs. good supply
of brain food, such Is is literally fur
nished in oatmeal; but he must not
use his brain ct the expense Of vigor-
ous' muscles, fol. it Is muscles that have
to work not only the stomach, but the
lungs and heart. The nick, Of course,
need food carefully adapted TO their
particular condition, and those who are
not in full health may greatly help
themselves BY rejecting whatever they
find injurious to them. 5..-;s ~ z-s.ts ~
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
English Markets.

EU$sAl6M 4AOtSs.x z
The Mark Lane Eepress5 says sowing
offspring .efopsis swell -fofward throughout
the kingdom. Autumn sown wheat is rather
backward and on late sown fields in some dis
trlcts it is thin, but generally speaking, the
agricultural situation leaves little to be de-
sired. Its expected the bulk Of the grain in
Scotland will be sown three weeks earlier
than last year. The supplies Of home grown
Wheat both in Mark Lane and country markets
Il light With prices tending ,'asthe reserves
In growers hands are doubtless growing very
small. With such scarcity Of English grain
the consumption Of foreign must greatly in
crease before harvest, but as the weather has
Hitherto been favorable for growing crops
millers have steadily adhered to the policy Of
merely supplying their immediate require
ments. Stocks in the granaries must also be
getting aesHlsFNasanp dr6 Ehee the Ast 81
January have not suf1aced for home require.
ments, to say nothing of the quantity export
ed. Notwithstanding these facts trade, partly
owing to the Easter HOLIDAYS and the elections
has been apathetic Country millers have
been the principal buyers. There has been
an entire absence Depreciation, as the exist:
Of the ring in America, despite depletion Of
stocks, paralyzes enterprise here and the ten.
ideacy Of prices has been rather. Sdownwards.
Imports and shipments from America for the
moment being rather larger, American wheat
showed decline of OF Cd on Friday The ar.
rivals at ports Of call have been moderate.
Maize quiet, and Cd and Sd lower. Sales of
English wheat'last week $4,000, quarters, at
46s I'D per quarter, against 4s, s56 quarters at
4os lid per quarter, the corresponding week
last year: Imports into the Uuited Kingdom
for the week ending March 2o,4s9.9s9 cwt.
wheat and 50242 cwt, flour.
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
The Original Joe Miller.

There seems to have been some mystery
about, the immortal Joe. One account
has it that he was favorite low come
dian at the time when Congreve's plays
were fashionable. Others maintain Bet
sy Priggian skepticism, and ''don't be-
lieve that i" such person ever existed -
In an edition of his work published in
1886 it is stated Enthusiastically that he
used to frequent a public house in Ports
mouth street, Glare Market, called the
Black Jack. irequented by the tradesmen
in the ntiyhborhood. No joke ever
moved Joe impertu1bable countenance,
hence when anything particularly good
was recourted it was derisively attribu-
ted to him. After his death, his family
being unprov1ded for, advantage was
taken Of this badinage, and John Motley,
the historian and dramatist, was employ
ed to collect all the stray jests, then cur
rent, to which Joe Miller's name was
prefxed. The title page of the first edi.
ton sets forth that the wits vade-mecum
was published "by his lamentable and
former companion. Elijah Jenkins, ESQ,
most humbly Inscribed to those choice
spirits of the age, Capt. Bodeus, Mr..
Alexander Pope, Mr.. Prof. Lacy, Mr..
Orator Henley, and JOB Baker, the 7ket-
tledrummer." The first edition only con-
tanned 1913 jokes. But that the, volume
might have some substance and be
good table or travelling book, serviceable
as we'll as curious, copious additions
have been made from the volume Of face.
tie previously and since published, and
other sources. OF these 1913 icsts scarce
ly halt a dozen arc really good. Here is
a specimen for the benefit OF the present
generation, who do not appear: to appre-
clate Mr.Miler: Gan Englishman and
a Welshman disputing In whose country
was the best living, said the Welshman
t'There is such 4 noble housekeepingin
Wales that I have known above dozen
cooks employed at one Wedding dinner
AYE" answered. the Englishman, stthat
was because every one toasted his own
cheese. "-London Gtobs. ------- -
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
: = - 7 : : TX Il.
DOnnclIV va. WaShhurn.

The House committee on elections
took final action, April l, on the contested
election case of Donnelly vs.. Wasbburn, from
the Third district of Minnesota. The first vote
was taken upon Representative Manning's
resolution. declaring that Washburn was moi
entitled to seat in the Forty. Sixth Congress
Upon this proposition the ayes were: Repre-
sentatives Weaver, Phister, Sawyer. Armfeld
Colerick and Manning-,6. Noes: Oyerten, Field
Calkins, Kefer and Speer-5. Representative
Springer was paired with Representative
Clark, and Representative Beltzhoover with
Representative Camp. A vote was then taken
upon resolution declaring I. Donnelly moi
entitled to seat in the Forty-sixth Congress
and upon this proposition the ayes were
Representatives Overton, Field, Calkins, Kie
fer, Phister, Speer, Springer and Weaver-S
Noes-Representatives Sawyer, Armfeld, Col
erick and Manning-4 Beltzhoover was paired
with Camp, and Clark was absent, not having
paired. Manning was instructed to prepare q
report setting forth the action of the commit.
tee to be presented at the next meeting on
Tuesday. Keifer was given permission to
prepare minority report. The majority re
port will declare the seat vacant, and recon.
mend the matter to be remanded to the people
OF the district for new election.
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
THE SPIDERS LESSON.
By JULIA wABDHew

AstyrAnt In my border dWells
IN Austrian black and gold:
Wrought all in silver are his cells,
Fine spun, q Thousand fold. i s1s
His dwelling has no dingy roof, i 81,
Nor dismal underground; g
The sunlight gilds It's slender Woof,
On fragrant bushes bound.
And at his leyee every morn
Such brilliants do appear, e,=
AS ne'er In any court were worn
BY christian monarch. dear. -
IS No prison dungeon has this wretch, !,
Where victims, ont OF sight,
his cruel jealousy may fetch, Ss.z
And keep In hopeless night. -: -zts %'s'
:. Yet subtle shatagemis he springs T y
s8 hOn harmless pastors by, y ri
Winds his soft silk about their wings e
And hangs them up to dry: - - =
ets lcameft oesweep his work away 6 's,is ri
Z With quick, inpatient hand; ,sss-
But here the lesson Of the day - ~!
~ He teaches, as stand. k5stss ~ s!''Aia
! The tyrant Luxury. doth SO atG 2dT
Our winged souls entwine, ft>,.,..>g ~,
And binds us fettercd N q show 90 .t'S
,de To anock9the free sunshine if.jsfl
70 Ii tisl Bstz3sa II ii .5Ea}3. as5i j4t
&c The subtle web afar I'll leave, i Il, Ifsa=
or ftattering deceit; !. s''% -: { s't''
The gorgeous spider shall not " cave Il i
His letters for my feet: i5G2,s9a n9st
The eye that views the heavens ii In fditli,h
The hand with justice armed, rs
Can seesthe snares that binds-to death,
~ And scatter II, unframed. og3roi
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
Laying Back the Ears.

AAAS OAHA0oSAVO 6OoOA4O0 WA4ANAA A&A6hAAy
animals make with their ears are mat
ters of familiar observation. Nothing
is more significant than the drawing
back and pressure of the ears to the
head, which indicates savage frame of
mind. MI. Darwin, in his work on
the means of expression in men and
animals, gives an ingenious explanation
OF this movement. He observes that
it is only found in the species which
fight with their teeth. All the carnivo-
"a do this, and all, so far as he has
observed, draw back their ears when
feeling savage. This may be continu-
ally seen with dogs fighting in earnest,
or perhaps fighting in play. Cats,
tigers, leopards and lynxes show the
same popularity. It is very noticeable
in horses, and the vicious expression it
gives them is unmistakable. But cat
tie, sheep or goats, though they fight,
never use their teeth in fighting, and
never draw back their ears when en-.
ragged. The elephant, which fights with
ite tusks, does not retract its ears, but,
on the contrary, erects them when
rushing at an enemy. The connection
between biting as q means of warfare
and laying back the ears as sign of
anger is SO uniform, and the exceptions
are 80 few, that Mr.. Darwins explaua-
ton Of the origin OF. the habit is highly
probable. He says animals which fight
in this way try to bite ,esch Others ears,
and, reversely, being conscious that the
ear is 2 weak point Of attack, lay it
: back upon the head to keep it out of
the way. This habit, being tdeepened
Into an instinct through many genera
tons, has become 30 associated With
the feeling attendant upon warfare that
the ears are depressed even by an
amount Of anger too slight to find any
other expression. The opposite move
ment of pricking the ears forward to
express attention i %. natural as to
need no special explanation. It Is gem
erally accompanied by an elevation
and turning Of the head S. I -.
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
The Cohocs Striking SINNERS.

p. A Cohoes, N. Y, dispatch a Of March
30, says the striking operatives Of Harmony
mills, have appointed committees Is visit
Eastern manufacturing cities to solicit aid.
Distress has already manifested itself among
the. extreme poor, and the city department for
indigents is overwhelmed with applications
for orders. It Is rumored Harmony millsshaye
agents in Canada gathering families together
and that at the expiration ofthirty days not ce
to vacate their stenements an influx of&the
French working classes will begin. This peo-
PIE is regarded here as the Chinese are on the
Pacific coast. Several families, numbering
thirty persons are occupying rooms intended
for one small family. Tables are converted in
to beds at night, and their seats are chests, in
which their goods are stored. Their food is
ofthe coarsest quality, and'l1eir garments Of
no mespun gray.
Little Falls transcript. [volume] (Little Falls, Morrison County, Minn.) 1876-1894, 1880-04-09
The Indian Outbreak.
A snncial dianatch of A nril s I,

: A special dispatch of April 5, to the
Bismarck D. T., Tribune has the following:
The recent Indian outbreaks, horse stealing,
etc, have at last eliminated in serious CON-
plication. The Indians are getting restless
as the grass begins to appear and show signs
ofhostility. Capt. Higgins, with companies
f and q, Second cavalry, who started out af.
ter the hostile Sioux on the 26th, succeeded
in overtaking them yesterday, thirty five miles
south of this place, at $50 PM. The two
companies charged the camp and captured
forty. eight head of ponies, but the Indians
escaped. They sought a stronghold in raw.
Inc and in the charge of company &C" Ser
geant Johnson was killed and two soldiers
wounded. The Indians succeeded in making
their escape. Gen. Miles, who was en- route
East, hearing of the fight, and Indian out
breaks, stopped at Fallen Creek mail station,
where he now is awaiting the arrival of REIN
forcements which left Fort Keogh last night
under Lieutenant Clark, Of Chief Joseph fame.
Gen. Miles was accompanied by Post Trader
O'Toole and Q. W. Savage with an escort OF
five men bound for Bismarck. It is thought
simply larger escort is wanted and that Gen.
Miles will continue his trip unless compiled.
lions assume more serious complexion.