The Newtown bee., 1880-03-03
FARM, GARDEN AND HOUSEHOLD.
Farm and Garden Notes.

: Farm and Garden Notes.
 } If you would keep your horses and , cattle free from lice have no hen roosts , in your barn.
 Chopped onions, mixed with little ginger, are said to be a sure cure for chicken cholera.
 Rack feeding of horses is wasteful. The better plan is to feed with choppe d
 hay from manager, because the food is not then thrown about and is more easily chewed and digested.
 Much of the grape-grafting, which is at this season in order, is best done by saving into the low down stock-almost root-and fitin the graft or gratis closely and as perfectly as possible. It is per- haps the best way, it seldom failing when done right. ...-
 It is announced that the leaves of the elder strewed among grain will effec- tually preserve it from the ravages of the weevil; the juice will also kill mag gots. The leaves scattered over cab bages, cucumbers and other plant sub- ject to weevil ravages. effectually shield them.
 A writer in the Country Gentleman says that of everything he has tried for the cure of croup in fowls, the best is to take pulverized copperas and put tea | opOOulul IlllGC VI WdOCI diiu give it to them to drink. Should they not drink much in day or two, mix it into corn meal to feed to them.
 Carrots, having a greater tendency to decay than many roots, should never be stored in great bulk, but aced insmall heaps, and kept at as low temperature as possible above the freezing point. On the approach of warm weather they in cline to sprout if left in bulk, hence, when it is desired to preserve them longer, the crown ought to be cut off and the roots spread in cocl dry place, Horses thrive on carrots, given judici- ously, with other feed; they are also excellent for working cattle.
 From the discussions of the Massa- chrsetts horticultural society, and from information through other sources, the fact is becoming established that the bearing year of old apple trees cannot
 be permanently changed by removing or shealing off the blossoms in bear ing year. They are found to return to their old habit in short time. But when the work is performed on young
 bearing trees, and repeated if necessary,
 the change has become permanent. It
 will be observed that the labor is far
 less on the young and smaller trees. In
 connection with this treatment top- dressing with manure and good cultiva- ton, as may be necessary to maintain a
 good healthy growth, will be quite sure
 to result successfully.
 Fowls of all kinds are very fond of charcoal, and will eat it with relish when properly prepared. Pounded charcoal is not the shape in which fowls
 usually find their food, and conse-
 quently is not very enticing to them.
 To please their palates the charcoal
 should be in pieces about the size of 8
 grain of corn, and if these are strewn
 about their quarters they will readily eat thereof. Corn burnt on the cob and
 the refuse, which consists almost en- tirely of the grains reduced to charcoal and retaining their perfect shape, placed
 before them make a marked improve ment in their health, as is shown by the
 higher color of their combs, and their sooner producing a greater average of eggs to flock than before.
 Earn, Drainage,
 Among other articles of practical inn portance to farmers interested in land drainage, in the Drainage Journal, is the prize essay on " Drainage" based on actual experience, by s. J. Woolley, Hilliard. Ohio. Touching the vexed question of the distance between drains, Mir Hilliard's experience substautiates | , determined by the nature of the soil, the , depth of the tile and the amount of fall. A loose porous soil will permit water to l reach the drains for long distance, while a tough compact clay is almost impervious to water and requires the drains to be made much closer. As to the depth of drains, the writer has found
 four feet sufficient at distance of ten rods apart in black, loose soil; but il the land is hard-pan or Q stiff clay, 10 drain it thoroughly the distance apart should be from four to six rods only. The outlet ought always to be suffi- cient, and it is much better to secure a . good outlet at the start, especially if the land is flat and there is but little fall. : Mir. Hilliard advises in all cases to have ' ' a good outlet, so that the water will fall : from six to twelve inches when it :, leaves the tile. He believes, wherever a cut off is made, that although it may 1. cost little more to dig the drain, tile is ; saved, greater fall is gained, the water : is carried off quicker and the land bet U U ter drained. However, when the ridges !, are too high to dig through, laterali {, must be used. Laterals, or side drains n as they enter the main drains, should = be made to enter at an acute angle
 pointing down stream. MT. Hilliar(
 begins at the lower end and lays tile a:
 IlG uIUCll tS oIetI1tto Oh IllC LlIC II
 laying them, and turns them until thu D joints fit; then broken pieces of tile arc st laid over the joints with a few inche T. of clay to keep loose soil from washin! q at the joints. The last tile at the lowe ,f end should be twice as long as tn d others, with holes through the end no s over an inch apart, and wires acros y these so as to keep all animals out o o the drain. There ought to be . ston lt wall built across over the mouth of tn e tile drain, laid up with sand or cement y so as to prevent muskrats from diggin 5, up the tile drain. One eight-inch til - will carry off as much water, in MI p Billiards opinion. as an open ditch feu ;e feet wide and two feet deep, and is suffi n cient for an outlet for fifty acres. It Ie advised that the tile should not be con 1t tinued of the same size all the way d Whenever 8 lateral comes in smalle ,e tile will do from that point, and so on le The tile at the end which has holes in -e should be size larger than the others ct as the wire will impede the flow ( 'e water somewhat.
 n The authority in question believe IS there is no vel like water by whic re to grade drains. Pipe-tile which is cil es cular has many advantages, among ther " the possibility of being laid true on tn at bottom. Horseshoe tile are not recon 'd mended.- Solid rather than porous til es are preferred, being stronger and nc ne liable to burst or crumble.
 Ut When nnan ditphqs arc rpSOrted