, 1880-08-27
AMERICAN NATIONALITY.
Garfield on National Strength
His Reply to Macaulay's
Prediction.
1ngcrg0Il's Defense Of American
Nnti0nnlity-GOod Reading
for tho Times.
GIN. GARF1Er.n ON A1ACAULAr's
PROPHECY.

th+ W SAHhfA H. tHFFVVH
Mr.. Chairman, | mn u profound, might
almost say .loyout, believer in tho AmHrl.
cnb lca, tint tho col,sent 0f tho governed Is
tho only trnu SOURCE of 1ialtotlNl authority,
nn.l IL tho sNfcst aud firm ut foundation, on
which 10 build n government This Is tlte
fundamental axiom nf ut1r political faith. 1O
question It Is moral trcnson. 1'o deny 1t Is
political nthoIs1n. But we must not forgot
tint Il majority, pcrllnps n largo majority, Of
the thinkers and writer's Of Europe declare
That our axiom is no axiom, hut Is tleIusiUi,
Il fatal mistake.
III view Of this fact wish 10 turn for n
lsn,ncnt TO wller mud more serious consitl-
Grafton Of question closely connected with
tho topic Mn lliscussing,- question Which
ltas painfully forced itself upon my ,ufntl
during tho Inst twelve months. refer 10
LITTER written by tic lite Lord Macanlny,
which probably contains the most powerful
indictment agniAst the democratic principle
iwtll nnt rem, t'te letter III full, but Will stalo
WHEN ti,e iiia OF rhomas Jefferson was
writie3! BY 5: s. lsAdall, distinguished citt-
Zsn nf New 1urG, i copy WIS sent TO the
British historian. Mncnt'!ny answered, think,
lnE tic author fur thu volumes. hMt rElnnrked
that l'e had no asan,'ration for Jefferson. The
ta,icrlcnlt expressed l,ES SURPRISE Ainl desired
to Snow thc ss1sotls. .Ihereupoll Mncnu'ny,
on on, the I'D Of Mny, ls,5, !ast tw,enty:oMe
ts, re.lsons fur not believing .tllat Tho,nas
Jefferson WINS u hcnefactor Of Ills Country or
Of 1nntklnt. lIls reaso'|s wer! y tieSq; he; 2; T.,
sna u % cstbis aS' sti"eons s I TINT vii Is es pes
l1sal!eit based ~ the v0tesof people counted
by the l,eMt: Thnt proceeds upon tic svpln-.
sitna lint tho rlc' mt tlsa loor, ting wlsu ami
thS Ii M3E"'a t ts e yroas 3 aud nnddx The S',,s i,
cunl pn!istrnl power. Thlt," sntil llp, "ls
tile innl y1yenf tllu Institutions tint Jefferson
fnlatlted. NnW. yu,1r country CHI prusper. 50
1onF rs yo,, %yc great s!,sts nf n1!eepi;tt
tion; b,,t tic tinio viii eulne in Your history
wl,eil New ElglHtd will l>o rs thick1y Itoptl-
!ntstl y ~ En=la'll, wien tllere VIII b: llb
nSsf ' ts9' 1nsi. sisS. e !"s Mi 52r eS'a SsF s IL,
strMtn ind lest of your Institutions. There
VIII he perlnls ot sca1Gity aud distress.
thousands IT luporers Will he out NJ work,
IL allowing ono nun to have II million while
another l,ls llnt q meal; no justice In letting
oilr man ride in llis carrlnEe md line sulnll-
!nOnaly while nliothor l!enrs Ills children cry
t;oysrn'Aent %ii bo brought to It's ilnaf, md
fatal test. Thcn II tltscoilsentcll. hopeless,
starving l.n}ority will elect tho Governors. Of
your States, la.r members ,of your ,Legisla-
no. II iisSentrry, csrtai.ly ii tllo i'eyt, yonr
country will be rs fcurtfnly ravnget us was
thu i,olnan Empire by tic Huns mill .Vnldals
Of tho tittl, centllry,1,,onty viii! this differ
csnge,,'!erY.l BY y yonr own in:tIiMtlons. Your
nnctor. There In, nuthsns 10 stay yon. /
wish you might have butter fate. bt. nv
% therefore, he!lSyIrg yoNr late Ii ser!aipY,
ferso1, and t!le doctrines he tnuglt."
| stgl,, ~ subsistence, Is tho Indictment md
Sylth iny wtloic soul / repel tho Indictment
Evcry Instinct a,ltt conviction of my life d.
Mo'rlices. thu prophecy as fnlse., But wllat
tllouEhtfi,l man III nll onr land who Ind
Mss. SksS tSn I nj %,iIons q \ A!asSisa',s @ @
trc,nbled IN tho lmlanco Of uncertain
tho. torcll and blood would mark tho
suy, retlcctud upon tho events Of tlat terrible
period without remembering tho proplaccy of
Aarntilay, and nsking llInsplf whether tho
s;oanStry ;! were established OH n sure founda.
/ sly again, rciect the t1nctrlne Of Nlaca,,.
aX aX: etGaySre 81 ,,ssy T. ny efha SS" n @ ~ ncss gss
I;roull,s: Tiic first was. tint Maeaniay took
no ssc4lnt Of tho trenlclidD'ls power OF 0ltf
clratlu.lul forces. lie did mt lsnow, Il.
powcr of, universal e.l,cAlioH to enl lEhter
md enllnble our people. nl,d lit them for tic
liberties alnl luiles Of American. citizenship
IL tlils restH cur ll0W; and, while tho light
clolttletl upon ail Uurc,l1tlrcl,, we 1nny safely
cu1,ut upni, centuries Of liberty nlltl sifely.
My second s:ni,nh wns this: Tint 1ih l!a'mb
lio did not k'sow, md 1t Is hnr.lIy poss!blo fn
t!0ns tn understand, that hero in Anerlc,
there Ara liU liked and permanent cussey. It
I'LL nrlstncrt!clps Hoclcty Is UrEaDixca 9N tllt
M4lnslple q lErn,a,'clt us classss. i!xcd anA ",
cnrlh'. crust. At tho bottom, unicr tht
superlncumlctt weight Of al tl'clr lnstlt1l
@ dl1lls nn.l loW!at19i.. nv iao lahor1n; poor @
tho h!ond run colt!. II wus, ills. Sail llc:
~ ,ayo studied thu agricultural lah0rer!
Of my c2Hl,try careiu!ly for twenty-five
Isnss 5 @ rdals aY' II eYsr a S Hawn 9 9S y w2 s wa
lntorcrs tint esor russ above his class alt
su,ne'nlcr tlnt half tho population of En-
fly ars nIs H., IT, Jug .,n n2Tsrs 4
landlords, anl y. nboyu t1,onl tlo severn
r;nkS Of '!obll!ty, md above theln IL,
!s! !%assbi afl lt I'll 'anH DFtst {;u a na ts"f &"H III
founders Uf our Republic, antl tho litter 1,l
trlb.s who have, Nude, tho truth nt tho Dec
llrAtuln Dt litIetlcnaCnco reality Ilert II
| AulertGu tt&0ru Ar1 tlN GlNsses. fANNlausr.l
Our suelety ttues not resemble thu crust q
thu p.rti., with lis tIuMlssabo barriers q
rnrk; but resembles rAter tho waters of th
mighty sca, tlcsHts, broal. bou!!lcss, hut ";
, 80 iren III nll lis parts tl!at tho drop w,sle
ni1ssles With tic sll,l ut It's wtt0ln Ii frtu /
rlsp through nll tho nItsss af WATERS tfll
ilashps In THO light Oh ule crest of tho htG!
est wave. {Appnnse.
.'rterc Ia lil boy IN America, however llu,ll
bio ILLS BIRTH pr III wllAtey6r Hepttl Ut p0ycrt
his lot nlay bu Gust, wl,t,, II ltu l,as strHn
@y'M. y clear lsen.l, a,sl bsny" leayt, WAY Nv
rise, By the light OF nllr scDUs allll the frct
ttoni Ut nrr. .lnws. until ill., shall stand tort
,nnst ii tho llonor atul confidence Ut Ills coul
try. lApnlaasr.]
Thls Is il,y answer. For these rensnns Il
not fcar tho Cussandra prophecy uf Macn,lln!
!. 1NlERsOI4I. ON AMERICAN NATION
| AL1Ti.
!. Fran Col. Inatrsalls Htoae<sttr tMtsa> Stxtth.
AI.1, Il r..