Rocky Mountain husbandman. [volume] (Diamond City, Mont.) 1875-1943, 1880-11-04


widely spread.
These parasites were, with rust, "P,u-
Gina sranini.." long Included Ivy fi,ngolo.
gis's i'll the division llyl".l,rnii. ON account
OF their vrge'ating be"ei9h The el,i'ltrmi>
of The host plant. Recently. Ferdinand
Cohn. celebrated Grm,l bnanist, has
hd,ain el reasons for assigning hlnt and
smut To separate "r Ter. tile U>tilaginen"
(fr"m ''u-'u>.' burnt. ar>trnye,D li,e rus,
b. inc re.egatel 10 the urirr EEL omyce-
forming wo orders "t The highest gloup Of
tnn2i, lhe ''carpn-pnrtn".'
The lille history OF 'Ile parasites now III
q, / consideration is cunpar ,iivrly sinple.
When one ~ tie microscopic spores GER
inmates II ives rise 10 IL delicate hyphal
tube. ll'e pr"ny elnnl. which soon begins
~ hranrh. and after aMlt tue hral lies con
iugatr. ~ Income fused together f,e place
of union >well- S,,,n What. ;liu t,rnS what
is called i ap'ri,Iinm. and lllis develops lhe
delicate weit. or nycelinm If branching h,-
phR, which can always be innnd bv the ai,l
oi Il microscope b.nta.h the eldrrms nf
The infected part. Tie tree ensls nt tl,,
mycelial hyphae become collstricted oft i'll
10 a series 81 spores. which. one ailrr an.
other. tall away. and by thus establishing
It's independence within Tie host plant eacl,
sp"re is capable Of giving rise to1lle same
>el lies nf changes rs lli' 81 we lave just de-
scrib d. Tie lie history OF the Us.ilagi,,ea5
may. therefore. b. represented illus: >pore
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS branches
>pnr.lia- -niycrlun,-SpoPe
The manner in which bnnt untl smut are;
enahr,i 10 infect the growing plant is int
tie Introduction 0i lliespnres In tile seed.
Grains of Wheat. oats. etc... may Look per-
iectly sound. and Yet may contain a few of
lllr minute spores; these gerl,iiiale at lie
same tine ;s The seed. an,i, as tie young
plant grows. the myceium is carried uu
with it. and vegetables most luXurantly III
the delicate parelchyilaii,ns tissues of the
intlore>ceI,cc, absorbing all the nl,i.itist
juices sent up Tor the nullIislnlenl ot the
grain ald producing at a prodigious rate
crop after crop of sonty spores, which
sometimes entirely u>urp the position ot
the grain. The latter retains its shape. buI
When pressed between llie fingers il either
umciol,s black pulp. which smells like pn.
lri,l fish. La .he.prncesS ut harvesting. and
IN a boi>Iern,,> win,l, the spores get scatter
ed broadcast. and thus it becomes a diff
ritlt matter lo insure that any grain lha,
ha, grown in the lei2hLnrho"i OF "a field
idf,ste, wi h budt or smut shall itself be
entirely tree from the cont;tginn.
1t has long been known that bllnt and
smut are reltransmilted through the sre.i, and
all rt,lealal practices are piiSed on this Iacl.
The grains inend.d ior seed are washed or
picked i'm various solutions before being.
>owll. Tl,e uses Of corrosive subinEte anu
arsenic for tilS purpose. are now abandoned.
brca,l,e. though they destroy the spores,
they ais" impair the vnli y of the SEED "A
strong solution ot Glauller's salts l>ulpllalc
Iar Tie most ,lSeIsl agent is blue vi.Lol (sul-
l,haie of copper). which is il blle cI. slalizei
Substance. prepared by diss"l,ing HE wnrn
out copper plates from ships boltollls il
suiphuric acid The blue ytrol is powder.
ell. and two ounces are dissolved tor each
pint Oi water, one pint OF The suIu ion being
Ihe quantity employed Tor dressing one
bn>l,el Of wheat. The grain is ,ai,l OH The
lioor, and while being >p.ead about with Il
shovel, the solution is sprinRled over ii and
il absorbed, and 50 Kills the spores without
affecting the vitality of Tie grain. The ap
plication ol srlpliate OF copper as an am
,iseptic agent in ttlis way viii probably be
much extended for All agricultural chemist
has very lately adduce.i some valuable ex-
ptrimental evidence in justification Of this
llse of blue vitr"l.
Bant aud >lIut are. as We have shown.
Very widespread in their l.avages, mol onlr
the cereals, but many grasses, and even
other plants quite outside the order Of hat
ural Gralnnrae. neing liable. OF the cul-
tivaled cereals. rye is perhaps attacked less
frequently than amy OF The others; but hal
IRE conpensales tor this in HE TACT tIiai
ryeis musl subject 10 the attacks of the