The state rights democrat. [volume] (Albany, Linn County, Oregon) 1865-1900, 1880-01-16
rsss RED Rusr On WHEAT GAgEsBRS
AED BauE VIrEOE.
nY rnorEason O. Q. cALpwELI.

gfaminaoeous plants, waB first clearly
made out by DE Bary, WHO showed TINT
one generation is developed exclusively
on ono plant, the common harberry, and
the other only on the stems and leaves
of grasses. The connection between
red rust on wheat and the proximity of
the barbeiry has long bcea suspected
by observing agricnlturista and some
have even gone b. far MS to proscribo
the growth Of many other plants, such
as the ash, maple, elm, rose, hramble,
colts foot, dandelion, etc, near a grain
field, because of their tendency 20 pro-
duee rust. But an English writer Of
standard work on agriculture, and not
an old work either, ridienles this notion
in toto, saying that il would be no
mere absurd to suppose that wheat
would come up wEeto haibetry seed
had been sown lhau to affirm that the
seed of fungi growing on the harbetry
bush should produce The wheat fnnsus.
Most wtiters on iho subject have SINH,
lariy denied the possibility or even
probability of any connection between
the harbel1y and tho wheat iust; othera,
without attempting to explain It, have
granted the cxiatcnce Of such a conuee-
tion, and even rs long ago as 1901, it
seems 10 have been distinctly proved by
Wlldonow aud BansF, in Germany.
According To De Barry, the fungus
first appears in the Spring on harherry
leaves as ycilowish SPOTS, which after
ward send ont liltle brushes and minute
culs through the epi1erruis; tie spores
Dispersed from these tups corminnto
only on tie a;cnla and leaves Of gtnssca
and OF wheat, re and other grating, and
they produce hare what is called the
urelo frDgGs; the flimenta from thcse
terminating sports cutter through the
stomaia, and in irom five 20 HX days
the utcs'o fruit appears stt lcmg, narrow
red cushions or puffy biia,cis under tho
cpileimis. which later irosluce spores
iillcd with red grauules; the epi,leruis
is then rnrtured, the spores are seat
tered abroad, aud after s"inc hours ger
inmate on the surface ii grasses, ard
the same cycle of changes msy be- car
generations ia - single reason. Thcse
rust spores may sometimes be 80 nuihcr-
ous as to color the clothes Of persons
walking through the field, eud even the
ground ~ thcy are shaken of. Dming
all this time another fruit j. btiug pro
dueed from the older WcdO fruits,
which remains firmly ATTACKED to tie
grass haulms during the winter, aud it's
spores can pass uninjured through the
animal digestige organs; IN the spring,
carried to tho fields IN the mAnure or
otherwise, these spores gcIninate and
produce still another kind of fruit hose
spores will gerEninaie ouly On the bar
berry leaf; with this examination The
complete round q curious transforma-
tions is begun again.
Iia cause.-The fact Is thus clearly
established that tie proximity Of The
lafherry bush may be une eauae, sjnee
the fungus must 20 through with one
e the ll,sses Of is life ou that plant.
J. ku.hn, in u larer ou tbs naijcct
prepared at thc roqne,t of thc Prusfian
Minister Of Agriculture, cNldes-cs tic
opinion that infection iroB batbergy
b,.siies viii not take place il they are
moie than 100 yards distan. feom the
wheat field; bat iite fact of the oecui-
renee ot tie rust Ia 80 uany cuHss, wi.'fr
there are 80 iarheIry bushes .-bsn
even 1t E.tcb greater distance t!ssn ilsis
SHOWS HAT IL ruHa. be carried oytr from
year 10 car in s9ua form which docs
not require the barberry az host, and
the same writer suggests that the uredo
itself, in the form which can germiuate
on grasses, may survive from the late
vegetation Of grains sown in the fall till
the following spring. Without ques-
tie rust, since not only is wheat not
always attacked Fy it when barbe;ry
bushes are near, but IN instance ia
given where portions Of field almos.
surrounded by other grain That was
badly attacked did not suffer At nil, the
only difference being that the wheat in
one case was considerably younger than
in the other; it was inferred that unless
the plant was already diseased and
weakened from other causes, The rust
does not succeed in It's attack, and thai
in this instance the younger wheat wal
not thes predisposed, and consequently
eecaped.s
On looking over the scanty lilerltur,
on this subject we find the CREATES
variety Of Causes assigned for the ap
pearancc Of the rust, and we may ever
go back to the times Of the Greeks an,
4 Romans for explanations as various am
i contradictory us thesn Of later times
i,oili late aud early sowing OF the seed
~ hanHi@d ~ W.If ,.s new and fresl
soiis, too mRch and too little manurina
and both dry and wet weather, are in
dictated rs producing rust. In 1867 tb
wheat fields Of Australia were seriousl
devastated by this disease, and n CON
mission was appointed to inquire int
it's cause. They found the rust prevail
ing ON all kinds of land, but NOR
seYereIy. on the richest soils. This the
tooi<. to be an indication that the NOR
rapidly growing plant was more su!
ccptible TO attack-its tissues being pei
haps less firm and offering less resis
ance to the entrance of the filamcut
from the terminating spores. Shor
strawed and moderately yielding yaru
ties Of wheat were less diseased tha
more prolific kinds; iusty seed produce
perfectly healthy crops; 50 that the di
!. ease Is not necessarily carried over wit
the seed. Heat and moisture are r
quired for the termination of the spore
and consequently, warm, damp weath'