The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-01-15
AGRICULTURE.

| ASJSICV ~ I<hs
| FAMILIARITY OF CATTLE WITH Chill
DREN.-We do not hear Of all the chill
dren who are injured or killed by
vicious cattle. 1t is \ terrible thing to
child out OF pasture if tho escape bo
u narrow ono; but how Indefinitely
worse ID 1t to have her overtake the lit
tie one and toss Or gore 1t. The child's
fright often oauscs it to faint, which Is
u great relief and often matter of saf-
city, for tho animal quickly sees that
there Is no danger to her from such 4
ore. Cows and young stock in this
country are usually familiar with men,
folks, while they see little Of women
and children-hence they fear and do
tend themselves from them just as thoy
| would from dogs. In the same way
many horse has bcen fatally gored by
cow or heifer, simply because the
with horses. My horses are grazed
more or less In the calf pasture, and 30
the calves know the horses, old and
young, and US COWS, are perfectly quiet
| with them. II this ls important, and
think 1t Is, 1t Is ten times more impor-
tant that the heifers should grow up in
familiarity with women and children-
he driven and fed by thom more or less,
and at calying time see that children
may play with their calves without any
harm coming to them. II heifers pass
| their first calving without getting
frightened and distrustfui Of men and
children, they will always thereafter
be quiet and tractuble. The practice
Of turning heiters and young stock out
In the mountain pastures f,r tho sum-
Inf fn, r u
1t should be followed all tho more dill
gently in the winter. We oan sell our
trained heiters and doliver them on
board cars. steamboat, or anywhere else
with whole skins, good horns, and un-
rallied tempors, with very little at
tenlion to their education ut tho proper
time.
FRENCH OUTLAY FOR AGRICULTURE.
The French government has appro-
prlated for agriculture for 1880 tho sum
OF 80, ,28S,437 francs, of which l lbs, ,230
are tor veterinary schools and public
services, ,SIo, l5u for AGRICULTURAL edu-
cation, and over l4,O00, 900 for the care
OF forests. In tho matter Of education
242, ,00O francs are appropriated for the
National Agricultural Institute, recent
ly established; the three agricultural
colleges at Grignon, Grand Jouan and
Montpelier cost tho nation 1886, 300
francs, this being the excess Of cXpcn-
Sos ovcr receipts; 90, 700 francs are ap-
prOprlated for the school Of horticul-
tRre Mt Versailles, 554 400 for practical
schools OF agriculture and farm schools
throughout the winter, the school Of
drainage and irrigation, and the school
OF sheep husbandry, and $4,000 francs
tor the experiment stations, twenty-five
In number, Of which l6 .467 are given
to Cho station for silk culture, 10, 900 to
the station for silk culture, 10000 to
the station At Vinccnnes under the care
OF George Villo, some of whose writ
ings arc we'll known In this country,
and sums varying from 500 to 6. 600
francs to each OF the othcrs, except the
very important ono at Nancy, under
Grandeau, which requires no govern
mont aid; l20, 900 lranos are appropri-
atnd for the so-called ohalrs Of agrioul.
ture, Of which thero 10 ono for eaoh OF
the eighty.nine departments. The
professors who occupy these chairs are
appointed after examination by u COM
petcnt committee, and 1t is their duty
TO lecture Oh agriculture at tho primary
institutions for public instruction, anu
at the agricultural meetings through
out their respective departments.
Within tho past year law has been
passed providing for tho establishment
ot these professorships In all depart
ments not already provided with them.
Tho government shows 4 just apprccia-
ton OF the Importance OF lie agriculture
III Interests In thus providing for the
diffusion Of agricultural knowledge
throughout all ranks of the people.
not many farmers who do not lose
corn enough by rats every year to pay
the extra expense Of making their crib
or cribs rat proof. Such is the general
dampness OF tho ground that tho floor
OH which corn rests should be at least
three feet above the earth. Pillars Of
this height above ground for crib sills
should have plates OF zinc or sheet iron
extending six or eight inches on all
sides before the sills are put upon them.
Rats going up to the pillars fwhethar
wood, stone or brick) can not pass the
sheet iron or Zinc, nor can they lump
three feet from the ground and lasLen
themselves to the side OF crib. The
steps, by which one enbors the door of
the crib, should bo taken away at all
times when not IN uso. In this way
farmer can easily keep rats from eating
and polluting his bread corn. Where
rats haYc access to ones crib thcy null
tiply rapidly, catch chickens, 20 to
dwelling houses and become a perfect
nuisance there also. ALI this evil Is duo.
in largo degroe, to fseding and breed
ing rats at corn crib. This Is the
most Improbable stock a farmer can
raise.
CURING ToBACCo IN PENs.-Simply
plant post or two sticks for tho be-
ginning and ending corners, and then
begin square pens, like making fence,
leaving one side Of each pen open as
high up as wanted, say ten or fifteen