davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
WASHINGTON LETTER.

Washington, d. G e, Sert. 18th, 1880
Aside from the fact that Washing
ton Democrats are still rejoicing over
the result in Maine, ard Republicans
are trying TO ind comfort in the TACT
that thei majority in the state is not
red uced more than 1900 in four years
there is little TO say of politics here. AS
during every " eek since the happy Sc
lection of Ha cock ard English at
Cincinnati lppo ITS to the Democratic
Congressional Committee are all that
could be desired There is entire con
currence in those lately lCCcivCdin the
belief that Main e's great achievement
VIII aid Democr ats every VheIe, esle.
ciallY in the Oct ober StattS- OLio
Indiana nd West Virginia. There is
to-day too a good deal Of pleasure eX.
pressed that Senator Ccnkling III his
last nights opening speech, confined
himself entiTel y to the bloody shilt ard
sectional ideas. We all know that the
best of Rad cals politicians, backed by
all the mon ey he wanted, has jos: gone
down never to rise a gain, Dtc%use he
run his campaign in strongly R~pub-
lican State on the sam ideas. and no
one feels any doubt that Mr.. Cclh!ing
will damage his party to even 4 great
ats nV,t II, rl -,
Democrats and the Democratic straUg
er within her gates are entirely happy at
the general outlook. They know that
al that is necessary to be done is TO go
on as has 50 far been done, dtmcGstra-
ting 10 the people that now is he time
when entire peace, harm ony and good
will can be achieved all o yer the coun-
ty-a result 50 much more difficult TO
bring about when the ia Cvitahlc "harG
times" shall come and that the victo-
ry is won.
Secretary SchuIz has returned from
his Western trip, bnt Will so forth
again soon to take part in the Cam
paign. So will Secretary Sherman. SO
will Post master General Maynard. 50
will Secretary Eyarts. So will most of
the Bureau officers not already absent.
Secretary Thompson and \ ttorney
General DevanS are away. Mr.. Hayes
as is known, is absent. Nothing like
this was ever known before. Nothing
like it, it is believed will ever be known .
again. The silly attempt Of Mr.. Hayes
to reform the civil service measures,
which every sensible man knew were
impracticable, has done much more
immediate harm than good to the SER
vice, and its indirect effect, by con-
yincing many that genuine reform is
impossible, will be still more disaster.
Gus. The open violation by himself
and his subordlnates of all the rules
they had made on the subject, is doing
much to injure the party he in some
sense represents.
There seems to be confidence here |
that the Conservative difficulties in
Virginia will be arranged in some way
before Nov. 2nd, though all efforts of |
the leaders, have SO far failed.
CARROLL. |
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
MAIN H O. K!

The latest news from Maine is that
plaisted is elected Governor by about
200 over Davis, Republican. Thus
have the Republicans met signal
and unexpected defeat in ona Of their
strongest states. They will get more of
the samesortin Indiana and Ohio. The
Hancock ball rolls gloriously ON!
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23

According to the Louisville Coz rier-
journal Daniel Dougherty Will make
eight specehe5in Indiana. John Kel-
ly is mentioned as among The Demo-
cratic orators who will visit the State
about the first of October, and at the
big State rally in indianapolis, on the
fifth Of that month, fifteen Union Gen.
erals -Slocum, McQuade, Butler, Cary,
Morgan, Cameron, Black, Palmer,
Ewing, Sigel, Mcclellan, Walford,
Manson, Crittendan and MessmOre-
will make speeches.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23

Eric Mail West and Day Express East make
close connections at Northumberland with l..
& Il. Il. Il. trains from WilkcsbarTr and Scran-
ton
Erie Mail West, Niagara Express West and
Fast Line West make close connection at Viii
Transport with y G. r. w. trains north.
Niagara EXT-ess West and Day Express East
make close col. lection at Lock Haven with 4.
r.. V Il. r. trairS.
Erie Mail Eas' and West connect at Erie
with trains on l.. :. s VI. ). Il. Il. al Cory III
g. c. & \. V. r. h :at Emporium with i. y. y.
Il L. Il. r.. and at DriftwOOd with a. V. r. X.
Iarlor cars viii "un between Philadelphia
and Willamsport Niagara Express West
ami Day Express Ea t. Sleeping ears on all
WM. \ BALDWIN. General Sup't.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
GRANT ON THE SPIRIT PER
VADING THE SOUTH.
The Best Witness in tho Repub-
lican Party.

The Best Witness IN tho Repub-
lican Party.
Going to and returning from Mexico
last winter General Grant made tour
of the Southern states. His arrival in
Illinois was emphasized by speech in
which he said:
cit may be appropriate on this occa-
sion TO refer to my trip through the
Southern states and TO what | have
seen while travelling. have been
gratiiiad at my reception in all the
recently rebellious states. I passed
from Philadelphia to Florida on my
way TO Havana, and on my return came
via Texas from Mexico, thus passing
through all the rebelllous states, and it
will be agreeable to all to know that
hospitality was rendered me at every
city through which | passed, and ac-
cepted in nearly all of them by me.
The Union flag .fOdted Orcr rs CcerBcltere,
and the eyes Of the people IN those states
are as fdmiliuI' toih ITS colOrS as yOtTS,
and took llp0H al dS guaranteeing 10 them
dlL the rights and prjcilegcS Cf Il free pcO-
pie, lCith0d regard 10 race, color, or pre-
rt0tS condition Of saritudC. In most of
the states, upon the reception commit
tees, side by Side, were men that wore
blue and men that wore gray, and re-
ception addresses were made in pa: t
by those who wore the blue aud those
who wore the gray. We haze no rca-
son to doubt het those 2ct0 lcOrc the gray
aiHJHlfU alt they haze prom iScd IN log
atty to the fag Gad the ndttOa.-Er.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
Proceedings Of the Democratic
County Convention.

The convention assembled in the
Court House at Bellef3nte, on Tues
day, the 2lst inst, at 2 o'clock P. NJ.
Chairman Spangler called the con-
vention to order, and On motion d.
+. Fortney Esq, was chosen Pres
ident, and 7. P. Mnaser,. Jas. A.
McClain, and A. J. Graham, Sec
retaries Of the convention. The
roll Of townships was then called
and credentials Of delegates prcsen-
ted as follows:
LIST OF DELEGATES.
Bellefonte Boro-Nortn Ward-R. Ii. Forster,
'al-- VIM. Hamilton.
g" South iTard-Dav L. FOrtney,
Henry BrOcEerhOf.
g West Wards. 4. McQuiStion
Howard Borough-Abran Weber,
N,.eShurg . g. y. Carr.
N1iih@ine +" IF z. Musser, J. II. Ref
y &. = SNYDER, Mark Mooney
Pl.iIipsburg "a &C. G. HirAngel, l.. g. Lin9le
A. j. Graham.
l-nimville s. L. j.. BiDg.
:;a.,ntr row vnship-Robt. C0ll, Jas. Henderson,
John Beezer.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23

ARCHERY CONTESTS: Glass Ball
Shooting matches. Rife Target Shoot
ing at $50 yards viii be among the
features at the coming fair. ----
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23

Nos. ! 4 2 connect at Montaudon with Erie
Mail west on the Philadelphia & Erie Rail
Road.
Nos. & 1 with Day Express east ana Niagara
Express west.
Nos. ) \ with Fast Line west
An Omnibus win run between LewiSburg and
M0ntandOn, to convey passengers to and from
Pacific Express east on the Philadelphia & Erie
Railroad.
The regular Railroad Tickets viii be Eonored
between these two points.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23

A DMINISTRATOR'S NOTiCE.-Lcttels of
AadmlnlStrptiOn on the estate Ci samuel
II. Meyer, late of Millhcin, deceased, having
been granted to the subscriber, all persons
knowing themselves indebted 10 said estate
ar" hereby notified To make immediate pay
mcnt, and those having claims against the
same 10 present them duly authenticated for
settlement.
Allpcrsons having unsettled accounts with
said dccedcnt are hereby requested to Call
Tor settlement ut his ute residence on Friday,
October 22nd next, atl o'clock i. NJ.
Gt THOMAS HOHTERMAN.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
Settlement NOtI~o.

All persons having unsettled accounts with
Daniel WamtZ. deceased, are hereby requested
TO make settlement of the same at the late re-
sidcnce ofdecedent on "Wednesday September
2nd, instant. WA. 9. WARNTZ,
S6-6t Administrator
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
A VALUABLE HOME Az PRIVATE

The undersigned offers at priVa te sale hs
Valuable Home, Il bout one mile north west Of
Mlllheim. containing
SEVENTEEN ACRES OF LAND,
acres of which are cleared and under good
cultivation, aud the balance wen tim bcred
The Improvements are good, new
TWOSTORI HOUSE, NEW BARN,
ana al necessary outbuilding~, all new and in
best condition. Ii Is one of the most cOnven-
lent and desirable homes in PennsYallcy. For
price and terms call On
II H. G.. FRINKrSBPpGTT,.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
Church & Sunday SGlGll Directory.

Evangelical.
Rep. Samuel SinHH and =. Il. Hdrtn,ml,
Preachers.
Sunday School, : P, Nd. l. Zerhy, Supt.
Rev. IS. Smith Will preach next Sunday
morning, German.
Methodist.
Rar. T. ReiiSoa a1crS, PrGacLcrjac charge.
ProUChing next Sunday evening.
Sunday School ut l]I p. M.-Dav. kim2ort, Supt
Reformed.
Rer c. " E. Sjcgel, Pastor.
Preaching Ia Aaronsburg next Sunday morn
ing.
United Brethren.
Rec. Z. J. I}.maCi, PaS,or.
Lutheran.
Rer. John Tb0liaSon, RJStor.-
United Sunday School.
Meets AZ 9 \. NJ. D. LUSa, Supt
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23
]: P:E.:lN SION :; .

EVERY SOLDIER disabled In line Of duty by
wound disease, or injury, Is entitled 10 pension.
PENSIONS lNCREASED.-Manya are draw
ing less than entitled tO.-ThUusands OF Heirs
entitled TO Pension and Bounty. REJECTED
CASES re-Openel.
ABANDONED CASES nnished.-Copies OF
Lost Discharges obtlined.-ClaimS Of every de
scrptiun prosecuted. .-PATENrS PROCURED.
Address With stamp,
Ii. S. BERLIN g. CO., Attorneys,
3G-6In Box 5g5 ~ WAsuT>GToS ID G.
Millheim Journal. [volume] (Millheim, Pa.) 1876-1984, 1880-09-23

A DEMONSTRATORS HOTICE.-Letters Of
IA administration on the estate OF Daniel
NarntZ, late of llaines township, Centre Co, Pa.
deceased, having been granted 10 the under.
signed, all persons knowing themselves indebt
ed 10 said estate ate hereby notified to make
immediate payment, and those having chims
against the same To present them duly authCn-
ticatcd for settlement.
WIN. G.. WARNTZ,
Administrator
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26
TEIEGRAPHIC ITEMS. .

Thursday afternoon at Maxwell, Cal.
ifornia, as L. Dooling's men were head
ing on Daniel O'Keife's ranch, a man
named Mike WEIGH, aged about so
years, became enraged at Henry Bis
marck, aged about %, because Of his
not pitching grain to suit him, and hit
Bismarck over the head with a pitch
fork. Bismarck tried to get hold Of
WEIGH and prevent himself from get,
ting hurt. WEIGH then drew large
pocket-knife and stabbed Bismarck,
threw him down and cnt his throat.
At this junctnre other parties came up
and tried to take him of, and he at
tempted to kill old Mr.. Dooling, and
succeeded in escaping Bismarck died
within half an hour. Officers have
gone 70 arrest Welch.
Harden Brown, who murdered his
wife's mother over year ago was
hanged at Huntsville, Missouri, recent
ly, in the presence OF great crowd.
This is the man who attempted suicide
at Kansas City some days ago in ac-
cordance with plan between himself
and to kill himself at ceetain hour,
but who was prevented from carrying
out his part Of the agreement by the
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26

The ceremonial proceedings attend
ing the laying the first stone of Truro
Cathedral, England, was largely Free
Masonic. The mallet used by the
Prince of Wales-in laying the Masonic
foundation stone bears the following
inscriptions, This plate has been af-
fixed to, this mallet to commemorate
that this being the mallet with which
his Majesty King Charles II. laid the
foundation stone of st. Paul's Cathed-
raj, London, was presented to the Lodge
Of Antiquity By Sir Christopher Wren. -
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26

officers, who, by choking forced him to
disgorga a, heavy dose of morphine.
His wife was more successful, she hav-
ing shot herself with pistols as was re-
ported from Kansas City at the time.
The New York Trath which. warmly
supported General Grants candidacy.
prints dispatch from Galena, Illinois,
stating that Grant will repudiate Car.
field and support Hancock.
At Little Rock, Arkansas, the Fed
eral and Confederate soldiers fired sa-
lutte Of l25 guns for Hancock.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26

GERS have been promoted and assigned
to duty in choice localities, not for mer--
itorious services, but in, proportion to
the influence which they had with the
Secretary of War and General of the
Army. Only those who had little, if
any political influence at Washington
were assigned 10 frontier posts; veser-
ans who servedi in the war were sent
West, while young graduates of West
Point, who had political friends at the
national Capital were promoted and
assigned to fancy places as staff officers,
with extra pay. The extent to which
this fayoritism has been carried on is
now made public by the Secretary of
War, in answer to,a resolution OF the
House of Representatives. The Secre-
tary furnishes the name and rank Of all
officers of the Army not on.duty with
their regiments or corps, and the length
of time they have been absent. The
report shows list of two hundred, the
majority being legitimate details of
engineers and signal officers. The
amount Of extra pay drawn by these
officers has been calculated up to De-
eember 3lst, 1879, since which time the
double salaries allowed these officers
have been drawn with promptness.
Lieutenant Frederick Dent Grant, Cen
eral Grants son, has been absent frora
his regiment for seven of the ten years
of his army life, and his. extra pay and
allowances amount; TO. $l6,53l. A
wounded soldier, Colonel Forsyth, was
removed from General Sheridans staff
to make room for young Grant, with
the rank of Colonel. Captain J.. c.
Audenreid, who is serving on General
Sherman's staff with the rank of
Colonel, and drawing Colonels pay,
never served day since ne graduated
in 1862, and his extra compensation of
81, 620 year has been paid him regu
larly, amounting, up TO the 3lst OF last
December, to S34, l3l. j. E. Tourte-
lotte, who also occupies position on
Shernan's staff, has drawn S25, 65S ex-
ira compensation; and VI. v Sheridan,
brother of Lieutenant General Sheridan,
who is~a Captain, in the Seventh Cav
airy, is~his brothers secretary, and has,
been paid 81, 209 above his regular
salary. L. II. Bradley, a First Lieu
tenant of7Infantry, has never joined his
regiment, but is assigned to. special
duty, with extra pay of sl,0S2 year,
with rank of Major.
These are only few Of. the many in
stances shown by the Secretary's re-
port where favopitsm is shown in the
army, Men who,were wounded in the
service of their country have been re
moved from staff positions to make
room for young graduates Who never
smelt powder on the battle field, be-
cause the young men have Influential po-
litical hackers. AS the instances gwen
are from The report OF the Secretary of
War, in reply to the resolution of Con-
gress, they are of course authentic.
There is no disgusting the fact that the
army is controlled very much as, the
politicians, direct, and while stump
speakers are lavish in their praise of
the boys in blue" che powers that be
in Washington give wounded, soldiers
the cold shoulder, and the fat places to
young graduates and partisan strikers
for services at elections.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26

The report of the recent exainina
tons at West Point is made public.
IN the case Of Whitaker the report
recommends that. as he was found de-
ficient in his studies and having been
two years in the sl;ne class, he be dis
charged.
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26
lin OF MARCH

Commencing at Centennial Hall, ard pro
eeeding down Main street 20 First street
thence, through First street to Akin street,
thence, through Second To Main street; thence,
through Third street TO Garrison street; thence
through Garrison street to Fourth street
thence, to Main street; thence, 20 Railrosc
street, To the. Depot; thence. couatsrmafeh
through Railroad street and Main street 10 The
Hall
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26
And why " IL?

Why does everybody go to LEVY &
Co.'S store for their goods? Answer
Because that is the place to get goods
cheap for cash. NALL
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26
A GRAND BALI T!

A grand Pail will be given in the eVehm.'
Under the auspices Of the EAGLE bASh '.'
CLUB Jei
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26
PR D 0E 10 -.

The Procession win form At IL o'sleSs A ",
in front Of Centennial Hall in the following
order:
l--Grand Marshal and Alds
brass Band.
s--Presidens of the Day, Orator Caaplaia and
Readers IN carriages
Car Of state, with Goddess OF Liberty, ard
ohildren representing each State in ths
Union
Sire Company, in uniform, with those Car.
and Ladders
3--Ci.izen in Carriages, mounted and On foot
The silver state. [volume] (Unionville, Nev.) 1870-1903, 1880-06-26
A WI = Il III L u T = !

Amusements wiz take place after the LA'''
cises II the Hall, consisting Of
Horse Racing, Foot Racing ana s"'"
Racing!
Contest hy the Fire Department
And other Amusements under the su?er'H"'
Of j. NJ. BARRETT
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1880-09-04

NOTE.-Time here given is Philadel-
phia time, which is five minutes faster than
Baltimore time.
No change of cars between Cumberland
and Huntingdon. Through cars between
Huntingdon and Philadelphia, New York
and Pittsburg. Passengers from points
east of Hyndman, for Somerset, take Ex-
press train west; change cars at Hyndman
and arrive ut Somerset at 455 p. m.
Tickets sold and baggage checked by
PETER NOON, Agent, corner Baltimore
and Liberty streets, Cumberland, and at
the depot. Bus will call at residences for
passengers and baggage, on notice left
with agent.
Excursion Tickets to Bedford sold every
Saturday during the summer season; good
to return until the following Monday.
l.. p. FARMER,
General Passenger Agent.
THOS. A. ROBERTS, Superintendent
June 10
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1880-09-04
1925. An Amazing Offer.


publications
special subscribers
cloth 80, and half Russia gilt sig 30
issued will and the remaining
volumes when completed
Gilt op II and returned tsfcory.
remaining Volumes complete themselves will be
seperaely when published.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1880-09-04
LOOK OUT FOR THE
Boot, Shoe, Hat and Cap
EMP o IUM,

TN Bank building, opposite st. MichAePs
Il Church, Main st Frostburg, Md.
All who want anything in the line OF
Shoes, of the best and finest quality;
Shoes Of thebest and heaviest make; Shoes
for poor or rich, young orold; Shoes forall,
ion. Boots for Men; Boots for Ladies;
Boots for Children; Boots for all. Hats
for old and young. TRUNKS, VALISES,
&c.,-all at fair prices. should 60 to
WILLIAM THOMAS.
eE-Bootsand Shoes made to order. Re-
pairing neatly and promptly done. Leather
and Shoe Findings on hand. Apr IL
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1880-09-04

BALTIMORE Il OHIO RAILROAD.
nN and after May 90, 1880, trains will
~ arrive and depart as follows:
CUMBERLAND.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1880-02-24
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.

vI GS rp7o oa"%ask to 1a r, wnsr e 1 lots
Anstorilz and Genern Taylor streets. 25xoo.
fi5O
Mn'hIns IInmbrsch' 10 Philip Z, Baurhsnn.a
lot with bu!di6ga bmunlsl by Hienvills. GUS
Suaros Ion If Francis T. Epntte ~ o. DeBou-
eh"l. tshn, Hs aateJ two iindiyl 'ed thirds OF q
lot and buildings. bounded by Camp. st.
dharlea GrHyef etreets and Commercial Alley.
11y17o 80 900
. mrs, Mnris I'apkins 70 Crescent CITY Loan
Lapayronso Onzaea ora Eroad streets, aver
aging In meaanre 3ox12G. Bipi7.
j LlnrrIn to Mira. J. MstIsy. n lot With I'M
Irnvemeuts. bounced bv Constance. Magazine,
II bin and Race etreetR. 3txfis. t27oo
lot md nW 10 ls9s lhn y sale
Caronlt let. Seventh and Eighth streets. 3ox ia.
fs2b.
Church of Now Orlenn4 to q H. Dunbar the
row Of hree-etory brick buildings bounded by
Royal. st. Ann. haftres nnd Orleans strests.
~ fnet Oh Royal etroot mud 1913 on st. Ann.
tHhoriT'H aae1 j. IT, Reynolds to q M Todd
md y IN Janney, l'uuia4tora. two adjoining
Third. Marin md Fourth 2oyl47 seas
Mrs f.. o'Dannell 70 Lille sarpy. two lots
children. Flmre and Deslre etreeta. 32x127 1870.
Mrs. A. Vinot. Jr.. to r. II. Hoops. half lot
md buildings. bounded by Handevllle, Spain.
Mnnns md UrlnhaIt. lasli8. $500.
Lucen Lni,ntn'o.I. +. Manaui, q ot and I'M
provementp. bounded hy Treme st. Clnuds.
Bayou .oai md Quarter strsets. 3Oxs7, 500.
+ w. 5tnbler to VIM. a. McCny u lot. etc,
bounded by Poland. Letpeua. Casacavo and
Greatnon stIsets, 3ixlno. fI2n.
Pierre LeBtnnc 10 Mime, v. Il. P. Cerda two
lots. etc. bounded Ivy Mnins. Miro. Ut. Ann and
tn vcx sireats Gtxl20. 1890.
John Hnlt To N. Fiasrlnh, n lot. with Improves
rpanta. bounded by Florida Landing. Cypress.
Roman ana Prieur streets. 27x12D. $3.50.
James Chittenden to j. j. Krause. lot and
improvements. bounded by Baronne. Dryades.
ThnIla and MeLo0mene etreets 3lxlW. f7O0.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1880-02-24
CITY ECHOES.

Mike Murphy charged with tho larceny Of
S2s, was locked up In the Third Stallion
Charles Keller Ia In the Third Station
charged with larceny II Il lot ofsuoons.
Mat Morgan Is booked In the Fourth Station.
charged with carrying n concealed weapon.
w. s. White and Charles Proctor were locked
In the Suburban Station for carrying u con
csaled weapon.
Willis Johnson md Dan Riley arc being caraa
for in the Parish arison tor declining to obey he
move-on ordinance.
Joseph Theodore ard Adam Washington are
In the Seventh Precinct Station. charged with
asseutlnK and resisting officer.
james Nelson, for disturbing the peace and
rurrying u concealed weapon, ard Louise Rot
ertson. ior disturbing the peace. nre ia the
Fifth Preauc Sta ION.