, 1880-06-27

1eATS tUH Q0A0. l0pr1pitlaf9 the good fill OIL rnf
latter he practices obseryanoes similar TO those
By which he seeks to propitiate the favor Of the
formcr,-observances equally expressive of
is ABAsEMENT AND sELr-sUKnESDER.
! It is from these observances, celebrated first at
the grave, then at the altar built It, then in
! the enshrining temple, that the religious OF
ecclesiastical form of control IS gradually de-
veloprd: Thus ceremonies expressive Of sub
1ccliOn branch out on the side into political
government and on the other into religious gov
crnment. As society becomes more com pleI
through the compounding Of simple conlmuni;
tics into larger organizations. tho ceremonial
becomes proportonAtely complex, resulting in
the. rise Of O ministerial order, political and
e to s agnd the conduct
elaborate these ceremonies may become,
they arc never the mere arbitrary creation of d
barbnric imagination, but may be traced back to
those simple observances which arc dictated by
natural impulses, especially, rs already emphh-
sized, the impulse OF fear. That In later times
ely :sohosen TO. express, alphabetically certain
ideas, Is due to that abridgemcnt to which in
Go4rsf Of time they apc sb5sctsd or to their
the cnrrying Of green boughs appears to be an
arbitrarily assumed symbol In certain religious
green bough IN his hand thut the savage showed
that he had discarded bis spear and was aflvano-
Ing with peaceful intention, and hence probably
With the intention Of surrender; Showing thus
his submission to the living, he indicates in like
manner his submission to the ghosts OF the dead
most part expressive Of subordination necessa-
rily characterize societies of the militant type,
and they re1ain their vitality
ONLY so LONG AS THE MILITANT SPIRIT Is DoM1-
With the rise Of industralsm they become modt-
fed In form. and III many instances become ex-
tinct. leaving here and there mere traces Of
day. the branding Of desertcrs and the cropping
OF the heads OF fclons,-prinlitiycl distinguish
ing marks Of the servie olnss. In the history Of
nnd G1F
chilly interesting to notice that ceremonies
originally expressing slbservieDce 70 chief or
to Il god gradually extend their application to
personages of less and less Importance In the
political or hierarchical scale, till they become
in fine, in their abridged form. the common cur
roncy. OF social intercourse. 0befsances, forms
OF address, titles, costumes, are all subject to
this lcvclillg process.
Such are some of the Leading lines of inquiry
ing volume. We Gull a fow Of the more rendiiy
qnotable passages as illustrative of his matter
and his method.
BORING THE EARS.
Though absence OF ears seems more generally
to have narked q criminal than a vanqushed
enemy who had survived the taking of bis ears
as troaes, VIC may suspect that originally 1t was
eaon It rse to she mehod Of
slave that was used BY the Hebrews, and still
continues in the East with modified meaning.
years service, a purchased slave does not wish
to be free, his master shall "bring him to tho
door or unto the door post and his muster shall
serve him forever Commenting on this cerc-
mony, Knobel says: In the modern East the
marx Of & thpse Who are dedcatedl # rs c4 e4e
presses the belonging to somebody" And since
where there grows up unqualified despotism
and the accepted theory is that ali subjects arc
the property Of the ruler, we may suspect that
there hence results in some cases the univer-
must be noted: tho insertion OF ring in tho
nose.
TOUCHING THE HAT
The conquered man, PROSTATE before his con-
queror, and becoming himself possession, sim
lltaneousty loses possession Of whatever thing
be has about him; and, therefore. surreuderinE |
bis weapon 2 be also Yields up II the victor de-
taking. Hence the uakedness partial or COM I
plete, Of the captive, becomes additional evi-
lenee ct b bus 3 snnb1ugat,on In Abyssnia
he presence Of superiors; but to equals the cor
neE of the cloth Is removed only for time. The
Ike occurs t I in Polynesfa The Tahitians IN
,rnlly the lower ranks Of people, by way Of re-
5resence Of their principal Caefs. % ~ Evie We
lently uncoverlng the head has the same orig
nal meaning. Even In certain European usages
he relation between the two has been recos-
ltzed, as by Ford, who rcmarHs that ~ uncoak-
nK II ~ Spain is equivalent to our taking of the
1
mong ourselves to touching the hat, Is a rem
lant OF that process Of unclothing himself, by |
Ehtch, in early times, the captive expressed the
ielding up OF all he had. |
OHuRCH-GO
From proplttatory visits, now to the living |
nd now to the deAd, have been developed those |
isits of Worship which we class as religious. !
Vhen we watch IN continental cemetery rela-
ives periodically coming to hang fresh immor-
Giles round tombs, and observe how tho de-
ayed yTreaths on uuvisited tombs are taken to |
nply lack Of respect for the dead, when We re-
1ember how in Catholic countries Journeys ore
1ade with kindred feelings to the shrines Of |
men called saints, when VIC note
nat between pilgrimaees OF this kind and pii- |
rimages made IL days gone by to the Holy
epulchre the differences are simply between
fstances travelled and the nscribed degrees Of
oliness Of places:-we see that the primitive
'an's visit to the grave where tho ghost
supposed to reside originates the visit
the temple regarded as the resi-
ancc OF the god, and that both are allied !
visits Of reverence to the living. Remote |
J appear the going to church and the going to
: Ceremonial 1nstttutiens: Being Part ". Of the
ORR: D. Aunleton + CO, 1SR |