The Red Cloud chief., 1880-02-05
FARM tories.


Ntf0Dihk a8A1H' osDt%
work. The effsss of the manure rsxy
be greatly incrrassi hy iadioOas spread
To POT IL up in heaps. Ns = very
done. IL wasssiai. A k-A -
MANFRED. NJ haryes; tim. showz lhr
sgsp; sherv rscsy heap lar by a grosn
Il vegesxtioa above the regular
leve. Grain GA lhcs~ syrlts /. ap, b, te
laid and damaged. Msnur. has b-en
wasted ,hsrv which would hare doss
good else~her -. in making heaps ia
the field. not oaly j. manure szsisd. hut
the work Is doubled by the seoout hand.
ling. In spreading manure now, i viii
be labor well spent 20 follow with a fork
and bresk up the humps and scatter
them even,
UsE or FEgIrLfkEg II IA DRILL
A very important consideration iE ap-
plying artificial fertilizers Ia the hall or
the drill Is iha: the early sigor Il the
crop enables 1t Ia appropriate much
nutriment from the soil than IL
would Otherwise be able Ia do. An early
and quick star; of,rn saves th- crop,
pushing il beyond danger, aud securing
j, from harm from Insect pests. insects
doubtless hunt by scent. The cui-aorm
discovers the tender cabbage ar the spirc
Of cor. by the aid Of is olfactory nerves.
II thi, is true. 4 light drcssingof strong
favored chemical fertilizer mIy mislead
il aud drive IL AWAY from ihs corn. CIR
the aerid effect upon is susceptible lo-
connective organs, whether ~e call them
feet or "prolcgs," OF whatever else
they may be, may be di~ssgreeable, IL
not injurious. But the main poin, j..
with every crop, TO give il q vigorous
start; Co push IL ahead from the tirt,
and |, o encourage the roots to spread
fH aud wide for food, which they viii
end for themselves AS soon ~ they a
take care OF themselves. And this il
precisely what is done by fertilizers.
POULTRY CHOLERA.
This destructive disease has begun it's
annual raysges. IL il peculiarly a dis
ease Of the winter. when constant corn
feeding. close confinement to unwhole-
some quarters, and general disagrees-
bleness and unhealthtulness Of treat
ment bring on intestinal disorders. Tn.
bright yellow excavations and paleness
of the comb and wattles denote bilious
and intestinal arrangement. The dis
ease is n true typhoid and enteric fever.
The liver is diseased, and the bowels
are intiamed and gsngrenous. IL il yir-
ulent and contagious, and spreads from
farm to farm rapidly. In my case last
year, IL affected every farm along a road
10 miles from where it started, until IL
reached mine, and, in spite Of every
precaution that l then knew Of, il al
my flock To some extent. By
cleaning down the house. digging up the
ground, covering every thing with hot
killing every fowl that was
sick and burying the ~carcases, the dis
ease was arrested after some loss. This
year IL is again prevalent, but only one
Of my flock has been affected 80 far.
The hen was removed into u separate
shed and put in quarantine 3 full grain
" blue pill was given daily for four
days, but no food. After four days a
potato. hot from the oven. was
mashed with plenty Of salt and pepper
and given 10 the hen. She ate this with
and / considered her safe.
One hot potato, well peppered, was giy-
daily until, the door Of the shed be-
ing left ajar, she escaped and returned
to the flock, weak, but otherwise well.
II any new case occurs, the blue pill aud
a course Of starving will I've tried again,
but, by giving plenty Of hot baked pota-
toes, with pepper and salt, and the use
of disinfectants, ! hope to avoid the dis
ease.
PRUNING ORCHARDS.
The present is n good time for prun-
ing orchards. This work is often done,
apparently, for no other purpose than
to do some sort Of p%crfnnctory work in
hashing up the trees. Trees should be
pruned and thinned out, and so, with aX
in hand, the owner goes over them and
butchers them miserably. The rough
wounds inflicted do not heal, but rot be-
gins, and in Il short time the trees are
useless, il not dead, How rare is il TO
come across good looking old orchard,
venerable with age, but vet trim. neat,
and sound in limb and trunk. Fruit
trees exist in Europe that are historical
in their age, and in this country there
are trees from which the old Indian
tribes gathered fruit before they were
crowded from the banks of the beautiful
Delaware. But now, an orchard 30
years old is a ruin, and unless trees are
planted every few years, a farmer must
buy his fruit. Much of this is due 10
the rough pruning the trees undergo,
and more to the continual cropping Of
the orchards. Perhaps something Of it
is owing to the root grating which does
not seem to produce long lived trees,
trees seeming tO be more
vigorous than others. But bad pruning
has much to answer for. One can not
prune by system. Each tree must be
studied separately and in regard to some
definite principles. For instance, prun-
ing is intended to relieve the tree of
or superintendent wood: TO take
away less important branches that
crowd and press upon others; TO reduce
the quantity of bearing wood, and so
preserve the vitality and balance of the
tree: lastly, TO remove disfgured,
blighted and diseased wood. Now, with
these rules in mind, let one examine
carefully each tree before he cuts away
a twig, and note where and what he
should cut away, and then mind how
he cuts. No Ak should be used about a
tree except to cut it down when il cum
beers the ground. A sharp, fne-tOothed,
long. narrow-bladed saw is the proper
pruning implement. A sharp knife with
a curying blade that makes a draw-cut,
and q pot of shellac varnish should GO
with the saw. Every thing that Is re-
moved should be cut close to the main
wood, trimmed smoothly with the knife,
and the wound covered with the varnish.
The vaFnish Is shellac dissolved in al
cohol. This leaves = water and air
proof covering over the wound. The
work may be begun now and continued
IS opportunity offers. There need then
be no hurry. Young trees should be
put in training now for future pruning.
Three or four main limbs only should
be LEFT, so Is to balance the head. All
in-growing shoots should be removed
close to the main branch, 50 that no bud
is left to sprout. Each main side limb
may fork into two or three sub-brauches.
spreading fan-like around the central
limb, II there is one. The nb-branches
should be encouraged to start low. 50
that . low, round, compact, spreading