The Forest Republican. [volume] (Tionesta, Pa.) 1869-1952, 1880-02-04
An Avalanche of Peat,

When the brief statement first ap-
peated, few months ago, that a town
in the Falkland Islands had narrowly
escaped destruction by a flood of peat,
the story seemed incredible. Anthem
tic-details however, have lately reached
England which leave no doubt of the
TACT. The phenomenon is believed to
be unprecedented, and has served to at
tract the attention of men of science
once more TO the archipelago of treeless
islands which Darwin explored nearly
halt century ago, and which consti-
Cute Gre%t Britain's southernmost colo
nial possessions.
The Falkland group is situated some
three hundred miles from the eastern
coast of South America, opposite the
entrance to the strait of Magellan. Two
OF the islands, known as East and West
Falkland, are much larger than the
rest, and upon the east side of the for.
mer is Stanley, the chief town. There
seems to be some influence in the climate
peculiarly favorable to the production
OF peat, for, says Mr.. DAWN, "almost
every kind~ot plant, even the coarse
grass which covers the whole surface
OF the land, becomes converted into this
substance; scarcely any situqtion checks
lts growth; some of the beds are as
much as twelve feet thick, and the lower
part becomes so solid when dry that it
Will hardly burn" Thus, it will be un-
derstood, peaty soil is characteristic
of the whole country.
Just back of the town of Stanley, and
about 5000 feet inland, rises a range OF
helghts which are surmounted by n
plateau, upon which rests deep bog
of npat (1IriO1rclxy a,,o,,ob Al Al
deposits of peat in the Falklands occur
on the hillsides or hilltops. In other
places the peat seldom exceeds a few
feet in depth. The subsoil is a dense
yellow clay impenetrable by water, and
in the Stanley bog already mentioned
this is between twenty-four and thirty
feet below the surface.
On Nov. 26, 1873, southeasterly storm
OF wind and rain set in at Stanley, and
the rainfall from that time until mid
night of the 30th is estimated to have
been two inches. Then the peat bog
on the heights above the settlement
gave way. THE black oozy mud, {"
writes naval officer to the royal geo.
graphical society, "rolled down the hill
with momentum which neither the
iron stanchions around the reservoir nor
the barriers by the sea could withstand.
1t broke through the backs of wooden
houses, inundated the rooms, and obliged
the inhabitants, rudely awakened from
sleep, to flee for safety; few pigs and
calves were swallowed upiin the irresist-
ible stream, but fortunately no human
lives were lost" The velocity of the
stream was not noted at first, but in the
morning, after its force was almost ex-
pended, it was still moving into the sea
at the rate of about half mile an hour.
DIR. John Mulvany, staff surgeon in
the British navy, was an eyewitness of
the phenomenon, and attributes it to the
action of the heavy fall of rain upon the
peat. He estimates that over 500, 900
gallons of water fell into the bog on the
four days preceding the avalanche.
The impermeable yellow clay under.
meath would not permit it to sink
through, and finally this enormous quan.
tity of water, mingling with the peat,
burst the weakest side of the bog and
rolled down the seaward slope of the
heights above the town in the remark
able torrent we have described.