davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25
Immensity of the Stars.

1t is known that the stars are
true suns, thar some of them are
larger than our own sun, and that
around these enormous centers of
heat and light revolve planets oD
which life certainly exists. Our sun
is distant from us 3S.O0O,OO0
leagues, but these stars are distant
at least 100000 times AS far-a dis
tance that, in fact, is incommensu-
rable and unimaginahle for US.
Viewed with the unaided, the stars
and the planets look alike, that is,
appear to have the same diameter.
But, viewed through the telescope,
while the planets are seen to pos
sess clearly appreciable dimeters,
the stars are still only mere lumin-
GUS points. The most powerful of
existing telescopes, tha, of Mel
bourne, which magniies 5000
times, gives US an image Of one of
our planets possessing an az parent
diameter of several degrees. Ju-
piter, for instance, which seen with
the naked eye, appears as star of
the first magnitude, with a :liame-
ter of forty five degrees at the most,
will in the telescope have it's di-
ameter multiplied 5000 times, and
will be seen as if it occupied in the
heavens an angle of loo degrees.
Meanwhile, star alongside OF Ju-
piter, a:d which to the eye is as
bright as that planet, will still be
simple dimensionless point. Never
:heless, that star is thousands of
times more vOlnminous than the
planet. Divide the distance he
tween US and that planet by 5000,
and you have for result o distance
relatively very small; but divide
by 5000 the enormous number Of
leagues which represents the dis
tance of a star, and there remain q
number of leagues too great TO
pc, init Of the stars being seen by us
in perceptible form. In consid-
erinG Jupiter, or any of The plan
cts, we are filled with wonder at the
thought that this little luminous
point might hide not only all the
visible stars, but a number 5000
fold grea.er--for OF s ars visible to
our eyes there are only about
5000. All the stars of these many
consultations, as the Great Bear,
Cassiopeia, Orion, Andromeda, all
the stars OF the zodiac, even all the
stars which aie visible only from
the earth's southern hemisphere,
might | e set in one plane, side by
side, with no one overlapping am
other, even without the slightest
contact between star and star, and
yet they would occupy SO small a
space that, were it TO be multiplied
5000 iold, that space would be en-
tirely covered by the disk Of Jupi-
ter, albeit that disk to US seems TO
be an iDappreciab!e po:pt.-Iro.
IL Tln0t.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25
Jusrice Fields Dissenting Opinion

Justice Field dissented from the
opinion OF the court in both of the
Federal election law cases, ,and read
long opinion in which he main
tained that it is not competent for
Congress to punish State officer
for the manner in which he dis
charges duties imposed npon him
by the State laws, as in the case of
Judge CLARK. The Judicial power
of the Government, he argues, is
limited by the Constitution to cases
in law and equity arising under the
Constitution and laws of the Unit
ed States and to certain other cases
which the Constitution enumerates.
It cannot be enlarged bY Congress
so as to embrace cases not enumer-
a'e9 by the Constitution. Futher-
more, the Federal law to punish q
State officer for the manner In
which he performs the dnty impos
ed upon him by the State, ASSERTS
a power inconsistent with, and de-
structive Of, the independence Of
the States IN matters over which
their authority has never been eur
rendered. If the Federal Govern
ment can punish the violation of
the law of a State, it may also pun
ish obedience to them, and gradu-
ate punishment according to its
own judgment of their propriety
and wisdom. II may thus exercise
supervision over the legislation Of
States subversive of all their re-
served powers. If the Federal gov
ernment can do this, the tenth
amendment is delusion, and the
States may at any time be degrad
ed 10 level of municipal corpora
tions, existing ut will by Congress.
After some further remarks npon
the character of Federal legislation
since the war and It's bearing on the
reserved rights OF the States, JUS
tice Field says that until the recent
decisions in the Virginia eases he
Q ,u'd not have believed that form
er carefully considered ard repeat
ed Judgment of this court upon the
provisions of the Constitution an6
upon the general character anC
purposes of that instrument, ,wonlG
be disregarded and overruled, bu
these decisions tin Virginia cases
do, in his Judgment, constitute ;
new departure, and without intend
ing any disrespect to his associ-
ates, Justice Field is OF tho opinion
that the rules laid down in these
and in the present cases, tend to
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25
The Cause of Whooping Cough

In 1871, DR.. Ludwig Letzeriek
began microscopic investigation as
to the cause of the disease. He
showed for the first time that the
phlegm coughcd up in the early
stages of the disease contained
eliptical-shapcd brownish-red fun
gus spores. This discovery gave
clew to its true nature, and to a
new channel of treatment. These
spores are lodged by infiiction IN
der the tongue, where they remain
until they germinate and spread
along the sides of the tongue and
and backward urti! they reach the
larynx and pharynx. When the
growth has extended thus far, the
full whoop is established. Small
elevations OF Jumps can be seen
under the tongue before the patient
begins whooping. Tne time re-
quired for the termination OF the
spores is from nine to fifteen days,
varying in different persons. DR..
Letzerek proved his theory by in
Producing spores into the trachia of
young rabbits, in which he produc-
ed all the symptoms of the disease.
AS quinine readily kills all fungus
plants. it is found to be an efficient
remedy, the speaker said. In adj
ministeripg this the immediate re
suit is good. the patient usually not
whooping more than once day.
The best way to administer it is to
place a powder upon the tongue
and let it gradually disolve, but, as
children object to the bitter taste
it can be given in other ways, but
always SO AS to be dissolved in the
i month. s-
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25
WINSTON, N. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 25, 1880.

worms. Each moth is capable of
laying on an average two hundred
eggs. So that for every moth in
May we may reasonably expect at
least one hundred worms of the
first brood and if none of these are
destroyed but all allowed to change
to moths and these latter to raise a
horde of worms, what wonder that
the second brood sometimes ap-
pears in such countless numbers as
to defy all efforts to destroy them
before they have ruined the crop.
Every moth ought to be destroyed
as they appear and this may be
done to great extent by injecting a
few drops of sweetened Cobalt into
the flowers of the Petunia, Honey
Suckle or Jamestwn (Jimpson)
weed, which will give them their
final quietus. But this hunt for the
moth is rot general, and if it were
some would escape. But if every
planter would wage war of ex-
termination on the first brood of
worms-unfortunately thing rare
ly donc-they would never appear
in such uncQnqnerable hordes later
in the season. The suckers should
be pulled off every week as they
appear, and ought never to be per,
mitted to get over two inches long !;
for if permitted to grow large they
abstract much that would otherwise
go to perfect a rich, silky leaf. No
planter need expect crop of fine
grade who does not pull off the
suckers while small, and prevent
the horn worms from riddling the
leaves.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25

The Empress Of Austria, now on
a visit to Ireland, is said to be tie
hardest rider of this generation
She can keep longer in The saddle
than war correspondent like Nc
Gathan, and in fiding to hound
ontstrips and wears ont even the
famous "BIazer" pack Of Galway.
1t is said that Her Ma ajesty spends
about three-fonrths OF her time in
the saddle, ana leads the hunt at
snch a break-neck pace that sur-
geons and coroncrs arc always on
the qaea Usye in the countries through
which she gallops. She has Il sur
geon to go ont with her to look
after the members of her routine
who attempt to follow her over
gates, post-and- rail fences, hedges,
stone walls and bitches, and some
of whom are sure to be lai,l up for
repairs two or three times a week,
SC that opodeldoc and arnica are
in steady demand. Her Majesty
has had some heavy tumbles her
self, bnt broke no bones yet, thongh
she has crippled mp several horses.
The ambitions Irish ladies who
have tried to keep mp with the
Empress. have not been so fortu-
nate.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25

The Emperor OF all the Rnssias
must be weary of life. lie no
longer wears coat OF mail, but his
carriages are plated with iron, and
such is the my sterious secrecy with
which he is surrounded that even
the most trusted policeman are ig-
norant half an honr beforehand I'D
what direction he is going. Tho
cook is watched at his work by two
special employees, and the kitchen
door is guarded :.by two scntincls.
Tho viands are tasted by experts,
and only offered TO the Gar when
they are convinced that no poison
is lurking in them. Fond as he is
of good cigar. he is obliged, from.
similar motives of rrndenrc, to
forcgo the pleasures Of smoking
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25
Water in the Desert.
a Plan to Irrigate Vast Tracts Of Land
in the Vest by Artesian WeNs.

a Ptdn to Irragdte Vast Tracts OF Land
IN the Vest by Artesian WeUs.
It has lately been proposed to
sink experimental artesian wells
upon the now arid public lands for
purposes Of irrigation. There are
100000 acres in the arid region,
which inclndes Arizona, Dakota,
Idaho, Montana, New Mexico,
Utah, Wyoming, Colorado and
Nevada and portions of California,
Nebraska, Oregon, Washington,
Texas and the Indian territory.
Not per cent. of this land has yet
been sold by the United States,
and it must remain unsold for years
to come unless some means are
found to supply it with water
Government surveys show that
2OO,O0G,OOO acres of this tract are
mountains, where even with an
abundance of water agriculture
would be impossible. An equal
amount of lava heds--"bad lands,"
without soil or vegetation, and
desert plains of drifting sand. This
leaves an area of 500, 900 acres
of plain and valley land, susceptible
of high cultivation and wanting
only water. Under the most favor
able conditions probably not more
than 3 per cent. of this land can be
reclaimed by the utilization of rivers
and small streams now available.
The remainder, to some extent, is
utilized for pasturage, but the
growth OF grass is SO scanty that it
requires from fifteen to twenty-five
acres for the support of each head
of cattle, and, for this reason, the
land, of course, whonld not be
proftably sold. In Colorado alone
arc 4O,0Oo,O00 acres of this land
capable of producing from IS to &c
bushels Of wheat per acre, if irriga-
ted. The people of the West desire
Congress TO appropriate $4,000
for boring artesian wells, the lane
being the property of the govern
ment. Private enterprise will no
undertake the experiment, but le
the practicability of irrigation by
artesian wells once be established
and private purchasers will be fount
who will carry on the work o
boring at their own expense. Som'
of the ablest geologist in the ccun-
try have expressed the opinion tha
| flowing wells can be obtained il
many localities on the plains eas
and west of the Rocky Mountains
and the Commissioner of Agricul-
ture, under whose auspices specia
attention has been given to tn
subject, has recommended that ar.
tesian wells be sunk.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25
A Curious SUFFRAGE DECISION

A Curious SUFFRAGE DECISION.
- Chicago, March 12. = Judge
Blodgett to--dav instructed Z the
United States Commissioner in an
election case to tho effect that the
United States courts have held that
the fifteenth amendment and Re
vised Statute 5,507 contemplate
the protection in the right of SUI
frage only Of former slaves, and
that free or white men do not come
within these legal safeguards. A
writ of arrest which had been ap-
piled for was therefore not granted.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25

MIR Joe Turner has been making
little fuss as usual, but attracts not
much attention. He accused the pre-
siding officers of fraud and trickery
in having neglected to sign the School
Bill. He was called to order and
M ade to sit down, but soon jumped
up again and harranged the House.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25

Draining, paving, and lighting a
city like New York is no small Job,
and it would be bigger if properly
done. There are in the city 371
miles Of sewers, 4S0 miles of water
pipes, over 800 miles of street
pavements, $50 miles of gas pipes,
exclusive of house CONNECTIONS, and
23,136 public lamps, while the
Croton Aquednct carries over co.
co0,0oG gallons of water every
day. These were the figures for
the beginning OF the year some OF
them would have to be enlarged to
bring them to present date.-.Su,s.
Western sentinel. [volume] (Winston [i.e. Winston-Salem], N.C.) 1856-1886, 1880-03-25

ward the conversion of our Federal
system into consolidated and cen
tralized govern nent. Justice Cliff
ford concurs in Justice Fields
opinion.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1880-10-15
Farmers On the War Path

EDTToRs NEWS: In your last issue
we notice that we are to be deprived oi
our rights and privileges of stopping any
place we please in town and are to be
showed back to some dark, filthy corner
there 10 unhitch our teams and tie W
rs best we can, and then come back &c
Commercial street, and buy our dry
goods and groceries, and, as the Virgin
ia phrase goes "tote" them tor our wag
ons. That would look pretty thin in my
eyes, and then when We got back to find
a dozen COWS around the wagons, and al
the hay eat up and the whip and blank
els gone, we could imagine that yor
would hear some tall swearing.
Now, in regard to the travelling com
munity visiting Emporia, and looking
up Commercial street and viewing it il
all its glory, of course that is a nice pic
ture, but if our city dads could take then
up some of the alleys and ask them wha
they thought of them. Some of our farm
ers live 10 miles from Emporia, anC
can't spend very much time in town, anG
when we come down again we will lool
out for hitching posts and where We fine
them there We will stop and trade Oh
else toll on to Eureka. And who is you
city fathers that they should take this
upon themselves regardless of the inter
ests of the farming community.
They may want our votes some day
for some county Office. We should like
to get acquainted with them. Keep III
well posted in regards to hitching posts
have given you my sentiment in regarC
to this matter, hoping it will not hurt
the feelings of any one.
Yours truly,
OLD SUBSCRIBER.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1880-10-15
Arnes CitY ACORN.

AGNES CITY, Oct. II.
The Morris county exposition is Of the
past, and was very successful one-one
that the people of Morris should feel
proud Of The weather was very favor
eble-coo1 and pleasant, sn that the at
tendance was good, and of course the
fair, financially, was success. The
display of horses was good that of cat
tie was exccllent-short horns and high
grades were splendid. The red bull Of
Mr.. Brown and the white one of Henry
Gildemaster were fine animals; also,
that of F. NJ Chase. Mr.. Mercer, of
Council Grove, Rats, of Diamond
Springs, and z. c. Edwards, of Agnes
City, exhibited some very choice short
horn cows. He carried off ten premiums
on stock and one on millett. His young
short-horn bull, "Gen. Hancock" re-
ceiVed first award. He also received FIRST
premium on young grade bull, RED
Cloud" and first on heifer calf, and on
swine, his SOW, agnes City Gen" and
males. BLACK Crook" and Tuck"
| first award The '-gem family" Is
uronounced by the best of
| Judges perfect. They cannot be excel
| led. There was fine display of sheep,
| by Lewis Webster, c. l. Knight, Mr..
| Potts and Mr. Brooks. MerinOs, Cots
wolds and Southdowns were the leading
families. DIR. Trowbridge exhibited q
very fine Devon bull. and / saw one
| grade Jersey heller. The exhibition Of
| farm produce was good, and sill other de-
partments were well represented. The
number of cattle on exhibition was from
1 sixty 10 seventy head; pens Of hogs. 20:
number of sheep, Is; number of horses
entered by John Fox, 1S. j. G. CaFpen-
ter was awarded first premium on his
/ stallion. in sweepstakes. will say, for
the information of all, that the Morris
county exposition will pay their premi-
ums in full--no discount. Mrs. Bow.
ersock and Mrs. Stiles are colvaleseent
Wheat is looking well. John Ley
/ ton is slowly recovering. The mot 1el
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1880-10-15
Postal Points.
MONDAY, Oct. II.

MONDAY, Oct. IL.
They now ask for ''palr of stamps
When you are in and can't think OF
anything else, ask us a conundrum.
Why is sheet of stamps like distant
relatives? Because they are slightly
connected.
And now the children call for mail on
their way to and from school, morning,
noon and night and still we're happy.
A letter went west the other day with
this return card on it: "If not lifted In
Cite of Tene day let er come back to I'M
pory, Kances."
During the past three months the
money-order department of this office
has taken in over eleven thousand dol
lars in orders issued, and paid out ovel
sixteen thousand five hundred. The
quarter past is usually the dullest of the
year.
These letters are held for postage and
direction: Miss Jacob Gardner, Mass.
U. s. A; Parker Smith. Cofonry, Ontar.
10, G. W.; S. T. Taylor, New York, N
Y; Martha Allen, Alphoretta, KY; DR.
J. j. Masoa, st. Paris. Ohio, Mimi,
ClaypoOl, Cory, Missouri.
"Ish der some ledder here for me ~ in
quired old Himilixpaugh as he presented
himself at the delivery window last Sat
urday. "None," was the reply.
"Tamnation! dot ish queer, Gayle
gets some dimes dree ledders in one day
already, und 1 gets none. 1 bays NOR
as two dimes as many daxes as he doe
und l have never got one ledder yet,
and as he went out he was heard to II
mark: mine Gotl Mine Got. If wa
to die wIdout gettin one ledder, belle
l would go crazy sure.''
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1880-10-15
Non-Suited

Wednesday morning, at O'Clock Mrs.
DIR. FilIins was awakened from sleep by
a slight noise IN her bed chamber and
rising up saw the retreating figure of a
man of medium size, neatly dressed, dis
appearing from the adjoining room with
a bundle of clothing under his arm. She
Immediately aroused her husband, who
sprang out of bed, to find that his clothes
which he had placed on a chair near the
bed were gone, and with them gold
watch and pockei-book containing be-
tween $50 and $40. He made haste TO
arm himself with his revolver, and don
ming some wearing apparel started in
pursuit of the thief, who had meantime
made his escape through TIE front win
dow by which he had entered the house
A lamp had been left burning in the par
lor at full height, to attract the mos
quitos, and by its light Mrs. Filkin:
plainly saw the burglar on the back a:
he was making his retreat from tn,
house.
AS Mr.. Upton was passing the hous,
on his way home he saw man runnin!
away from DIR. Filkins' residence in tn
direction of the NJ, X. s. T. depot, and
is supposed that he was the party VIII
stole the clothes. No clue has yet bee
gained as to the identity of the thief.
The Emporia news. [volume] (Emporia, Kan.) 1859-1881, 1880-10-15
Personal Mention.

Maj. Hood started TO Texas Monday OF
business trip.
Mr. Alonzo Reeves, of Indianapolis, is
visiting fricnds in this city.
Mrs. Letitia Edwards, of Allen creek,
is spending week with friends in this
city
Mr.. P. G. Hallberg has been confined
to his bed for some days with an attack
of fever.
Hon. T. s. Huffaker and A B. Spen.
Ger, of Council Grove, were in the city
Monday.
Mr.. c. t. Northcot, general western
agent ofthe Rock Island road. was in the
city Tuesday.
Governor VroOman was skirmishing
around among the Greenbackers of En-
poria Tuesday.
]. Jay Buck, Past Grand Master, is at
Topeka in attendance upon the Grand
Lodge of Odd Fellows.
Captain Sommers and wife returned
Monday from visit to Judge Kelso
and family, at Parsons.
Mrs. Elijah Weaver, who has been
spending the summer in Illinois, re-
returned to her homein this city Monday
evening.
Hon. Thos. Ryan and Mr.. and Mrs. T
]. Anderson were the guests of H. V.
Bundrem during their recent visit to
Emporia.
Mr.. c. B. Graves, of Burlington, Re
publican candidate for judge in the fifth
judicial district, spent the Sabbath in
Emporia.
Miss Mary Thomas. formerly employ
cd in the dry goods store of d.
Thomas & Co, has taken position in
the city book store.
Mrs N E Weaver, accompanied by
her husband, who met her at st. Louis,
returned last Saturday from protracted
visit at Danville, Illinois
Mrs. J. j. McPheren, who has been
spending the summer with her parents,
Mr.. and Mrs. w. NJ. Stone, In this city,
left for her home in Mansfield, Ohio,
Monday.
Mr.. o.. j. Russell, the San Juan pros
pector of the Levata mining company,
and the Tender Foot of THE NEWS,
has returned from Colorado, and will
spend the winter in Emporia
Mr.. VIM. Powell, proprietor of the
Fifth Avenue hotel, and Emporia's ''boss"
caterer, returned last evening from juno
ton City, where he has been attending
the fair and falling in love with the
town.
Our old friend Neil Campbell, of
Plymouth, has returned from a two
weeks visit to his former home at Rock
ford, Illinois. He thinks well of I'LL
nois, but was glad to get back to old Ly-
on county again.
Mr.. John w. Feighan and family left
last night for EmpOria, Kansas, their fu-
ture home. Mr.. Feighan has been a
lawyer at the Greensboro bar for several
years, having moved here from Ohio.
He soon won a position among our first
lawyers by his intelligence, fine address
aud excellent business qualities, which
he has maintained to the last His de-
parture and the departure of his family,
who were all highly regarded, is much
regretted by their many friends and rela.
tives in the city, whose sincerest wishes
for their happiness and prosperity will
follow them to their far western home
Greensboro (Ky) Messenger and Elk
aminar