National Republican., 1880-10-14
BR1zIL.
Recent Changes in Her Industrles-A Hope
full futuro.

Recent Changes In Her IndustrleB-A Hope
ful Future.
The empire Of Brazil as a producing coun-
try is undergoing vital changes. Its produce
tion of sugar, cotton, India rubber, Paraguay
tea and hides has of late years declined
greatly. The diamond mines arc only half
worked aud the stones have greatly depre.
ciated in value during the past ten years. A
few mines are conducted under English and
American control, aud by better machinery
and more careful management pay reasonable
dividends. The gold mines may bo included
in the same category. Only about Sl,500,000
yearly are extracted from the few mines now
operated by foreign companies. Coffee ro-
mains king of the agricultural products, and
its cultivation has been greatly extended and
promoted by the introduction of labor.saving
machinery and the building of now railways.
OF this plant the correspondent of the London
Times writes.
"Thero are, It Is said 53O0O0,00O coffee
plants in the empire covering 1,500, 900 acres,
to which largo additions arc made year by
year: the annual crop is260,0 900 tons, of which
$4,000 arc for home consumption. And yet,
though Brazilian coffee makes up about one
half of the quantity of coffee produced in the
whole world though its excellence has been
recognized at the Vienna and Philadelphia
exhibitions, and rewarded with gold medals
and honorable mention, 1t seems TO be held of
so little account in the markets that to insure
u sale il has to be labeled us Java, Porto Rico,
Ceylon, or Mocha produce There is room for
improvement in this branch of production in
Brazil, and H. also admits of further extension;
but, although coffee can bc planted almost
throughout tho territory of the empire, was
assured Mt tho wel-known fazenda, or estate
of Baron Faro, of Rio BonitO, near Barra do
PiGhy, a model establishment, yielding, with
two adjoining estates, 100000 pounds of
coffee, an annual income of 100000, that the
coffee crops above the latitude of Rio Janero
are liable to bo witherod by droughts, while
below the latitude of San Paulo they are often
nipped by frost, the most favorable soil and
climate being found in the northern districts
of San PaulO, where the income to he made by
coffee is higher by one-third than what the
baron himself can raise out of his own model
farm"
There are twenty-oight steam navigation
companies operating in tho inland waters OF
the empire and ,S3l miles of railway, with
nearly 1000 miles more surveyed and partly
constructed. Tho revenues of the govern
ment amount to between $60,000,OO0 and
5000 900 per annum and the expenditures
several millions more, chiefly on account o
internal Improvement schemes, the finan
ciers of Brazil having, rs in the United States
discounted the future with the usual results
The annual trade with foreign countre.
amounts to $1l0O00,000 and shows but slight
increase since 1878. Tho main drawbacks tC
the advancement of the country is the charac
ter of the population, which is mainly agri
cultural, the system of slavery and genera
poverty, yet under tho benollcient reign o
tho present emperor the advance during tn
last twenty years made by the people in edu
cation and civilization has been very on
cOuraging.