davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
Grange Principles.

ave wage no aggressive warfare against
any other interest whatever. On the con-
trary. all our acts and all our efforts, so
far as business is concerned, are not only
for the benefit of the producer and consul
mer, but also for all other interests that
tend to bring these parties into speedy and
economical contact Hence we hold that
transportation companies of every kind are
necessary to our success, that their inter
ests, and harmony is mutually advanta
geous, keeping in view the first sentence
in our Declaration of Principles that 'Indi-
vidual happiness depends upon general
prosperity"
In the face of the fact of this plain
statement, put forth by the highest
authority of our Order, we are ac-
cused of making war on other in
terests of the country. We demand
the specifications and the proofs.
If some class interest, legitimate in
itself, but conducted in fraudulent
and improper manner, SO as to in
lure or Cypress us or our interests,
such parties will be apt to hear from
us. We are not generally made of
that kind of stuff that can be inn
posed upon with impunity. We
claim as large a portion of that vir-
tue called forbearance as any other
class. But the history of the world
shows many instances where for
bearance itself ceased to be virtue.
And when we think we have en-
dured up to that point, and an at
tempt is made to push US past it,
look out! Then, we are not the
aggressors. We are on the defens-
i've side. But as long as other in
terests act fairly and justly with us,
they will find us peaceably disposed
and easy to get along with. We
believe in equal rights to all, and
special privileges to none. We
want to live, and are willing that
others shall live, and to help them
to live. We claim to be governed
by the rule of doing by others as
we would have them do by us, at
least as far as frail human nature
will allow. Our principles, as
above set forth, show this. We
strive to make our acts conform as
near as possible to the principles
we profess. We mean just what
we say, when we say that it is our
earnest desire to bring producers
and consumers into speedy and
economical contact. Does that hurt
anybody? And again: When we
say that transportation companies
are necessary to our success, that
their interests are intimately con-
nected with ours, and that harmo
Nous action is mutually advant-
ageous; we mean just w hat we say.
We further say that the want of
harmonious action between us and
them is not our fault. We mean
to say too that we most earnestly
desire general prosperity, knowing
that individual happiness depends
upon it.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

The intelligent lady members cf
the Grange give more thought to the
great question of education than the
men. They rightly appreciate it as
one OF the most important that could
engage the attention of the Grange,
and with zeal that does them great
credit they urge its consideration at
every meeting. We hope the ladies
will continue to agitate this subject,
until every Grange shall have a
well organized school of its own in
successful operation. Our readers
have noticed the action of the Texas
State Grange in recommending the
adoption of Appleton's school books
viii Oh are the best in use-by the
turner's of that State, and that in
Tennessee the Grange has secured
the adoption of law requiring that
the elementary principles of scien
tific agriculture be taught in the
common schools of that State. lie
the lady members examine this sub
ject thoroughly and see if these sug
gestions NAV not be carried int
practice successfully by every
GRANGE.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
The Clement Attachment.

While the owners of large NILE
and certain other wise gentlemen are
trying to belittle the Clement Attacr
ment, it would be well to let the eye
run over the following letter from MI
c. I. Harden. a practical mill-oWna
at Windsor, North Carolina. He SAYS
eve started last June, and haNS
been running smoothly ever since
We are pleased with our mill and ha'V
already enlarged it, and are going
enlarge it to double the size it Is u
the fall. We are now running Nu
attachments, 612 spindles. Our ln'
cost 81 900 as it now stands. W.
are averaging 800 pounds of tirst-ciaS.
yarn per day. Our mill is paying
per cent on the investment, ana "
expect to make it pay 40 per GEM
soon as our hands become expert. ""
bave not got hand that ever Sd" :
mill before. We have met with ~
reverse, and had no mishap to stop w
mill day since starting. There Is ~, a.
unlimited demand for our yarns. v"
get the highest market price Tor W ~
goods. / think it would be best ~
you to come and see our mil IN oP'''
! tion."
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

While THE PATRON is non par
tisan journal and will take no active
part in political campaigns, it will
at all times urge the farmers and
worklngmen to unite for the the
protection of their interests in pub
lie affairs. We do not believe that
the rights and interests of these
classes will ever be respected until
they come together and elect enough
of their representative men to give
them control of Congress and State
Legislatures. We believe that if
they would unite and make the de-
mand, that the Democratic Conven-
tons would nominate farmers for
Congress instead of lawyers. If
they will not unite and show to the
world that they are determined to
have voice, and a controlling voice.
in public affairs, then things will
go on as now, lawyer politicians
will nominate themselves for the
offices, and the producing classes
will continue to go from bad to
worse.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
Cotton.

Cotton has history dating back
thousands of years. WA
Herodotus, 4S4 years before fl.
birth of Christ, says that the aa
cient inhabitants of India wore q.r
ments made of cotton. o~
At the time of the Christian -.
the production of cotton in Ind.
exceeded their domestic wants and
large quantities were exported r.
other countries.
The muslins of India have lon,
been celebrated for their wonderfr
beauty and extreme fineness of tey
ture.
In the first voyage of the Span.
iards to this country they found ths
Mexicans and Peruvians cultivatirg
cotton and using it largely for the
manufacture of clothing.
Cortez sent as presents to Charle,
V. mantles and goods of all colon
made of cotton by the Mexicans
The first attempt at the cultivation
of cotton by the Europeans wa,
made in Virginia about the YEA
1921. From this small beginning #
Virginia the cultivation of cottor
has become one of the most i'm
portant industries in America. From
few thousand pounds produced i
1890 it has grown to a productior
of about 2,5oo,ooo,ooo pounds il
1879.
The prodigious magnitude t
which the cotton trade of this cour
try has attained in so short a space
time stands unparalleled in the hi
tory of the world.
No country ever before had ,
valuable a crop or one SO capable
making them independent as Il
United States has in the cottj
crop.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
Sea Island Cotton.

The lively interest which the coast
counties of Texas are taking in thesub
iect of raising sea-island cotton, gives
renewed value to the results of con-
petition which was held on one of the
South Carolina islands last season, to
ascertain the largest yield per acre
The result was really remarkable
showing more profit in the culture than
is generally supposed.
Nine members of the aggriculhnl
society entered the list for competitor,
all of whom did well, but three Obtain.
ed astonishing results, and the acres d
these we designate by the figures |, 2
and 3. Acre No. 3, a stiff medium
soil, after producing thirteen consecu-
tive fair to good cotton crops, with extra
manuring and better cultivation this
year, has yielded 400 pounds of lint
cotton, in direct opposition to the old the.
DRY that rested or pastured land was the
first requirement for the production ola
heavy crop.
Acre No. 2, heavy and cold clay
soil, but well drained, and for several
past years under high cultivation Il
Irish potatoes and vegetables, was made
to produce. by still higher cultivation
457 pounds of lint cotton: and acre No
1, a rich sandy loan, sown down witt
COW peas and ash element in the sum
mer, and pastured during the winter O
1878, with heavy manuring in addition
this season QS79, produced 2,l4
pounds of seed cotton, which ginnec
out 566 pounds of lint, nearly two bales
and is no doubt the largest quantity O
sea-island cotton ever raised upon ONT
acre of land. 1t is believed that TIKI
yield of this acre would have been stu
creator but for two disadvantages
circumstances late stand, and tn
necessity of heavy applications of Parl
green, which injured the top.-CoHoa
NeoO York.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
Cotton Manufacture in South
Carolina.

It is rather significant fact that
cotton goods manufacted in South
Carolina are now selling in New
England. Manufactures of cotton
goods are springing up all over the
South, where new mills are exempt
from taxation for ten years. Houses
are built by the mill owners, and
free rent and the usc of garden
plot are the conditions of service
The introduction of manufacturing
is having a most beneficial effect
upon the people. New England
capital is invested in several of these
Southern northumberland
can Journal Of Industry
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

Denis Kearney, the leader of the
Workingmen of California, was a
prominent member OF the Green
back convention at Chicago. His
speeches were marked by strong
common sense; in fact, he displayed
more ability than any member of
the convention. Kearney will yet
be appreciated by the people of this
country. He IS not only an able
man, but he is patriotic-he is labor
ing earnestly and honestly to anne
liorate the down trodden, toiling
millions of this country, and when
they come to understand the man
fully and rightly, they will respect
and confide in him. We hope to
see thousands of such spirits as
Kearney uniting in every State to
crush out the hungry office seekers,
the brazen-faced professional politi-
clans who are controlling elections
by trickery, fraud and violence, and
are every where combined to rob
honest industry of its Just rewards.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

All over the country there is a
steady increase in the membership
CT the Oranges, and the new mate
rial is of the best quality. Tle
farmers who now enlist in the cause
do it with a well defined object in
view, and for the purpose of better
ing their condition by CARRYING out
the principles of the Grange.
Where cooperative stores are estab-
lished, the rapid growth of the
Grange is especially noticeable.
This regaining of lost ground will
give the Order greater strength and
influence than ever, and while it is
encouraging TO the true members
who have kept up the fight, it is
carrying CONSERVATION into the ranks
of the enemy, who were utterly un-
prepared for the remarkable revival
now taking place.
This quiet, steady progress of the
Grange is more in keeping with the
conservative character of farmers,
and the absence of the buster and
noise that attended the early DAYS
of the movement when it grew so
rapidly renders it infinitely more
attractive to those who look for
practical results when they enter
an organization. This growth,
which is wonderfully rapid though
quiet in many localities, is more
healthful and gives greater promise
of success to all the reforms and
benefits which were promised by
the Grange. 1t now only remains
for every true Patron to determine
to do his full duty in every Grange
enterprise in which he may be en-
gagged, and especially to attend
every meeting, to make the Grange
the grandest popular movement
ever attempted in America both in
the number of its members and the
magnitude of its work.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
Importance OF Farmers Organ
iZafiOnS.

Among the most gratifying signs
of the times is the awakening inter
est among the farming classes con.
corning their avocation and the
manifest disposition toward COM
bining their efforts in the common
cause. A healthy and progress
i've sentiment prevails in any com
munity where the farmers stated
gatherings are among the attract
ions offered. Progressive and sue
cessful agriculture demands method
and knowledge; and how shall we
so we'll obtain these as by discuss
ion and comparison of methods and
results of our own and fellow la
bore1s' work in like occupation?
And where can we 90 this so we'll
as in the Grange or club hall? These
gatherings have already produced
revolution in the manner and
profits of the farming interests. No
person can long be an active men,
Der of these organizations without
a plain manifestation Of improve
ment. Such are fast putting away
the enforced Holations of the past
and enforcing on the mind of the
agriculturist the necessity of organ
lied and persistent work, of COOP
erative endeavors and of mutual I'M
Outstanding on points of common
interest. To these gatherings we
are indebted for the uprising of the
flaming classes in their own behalf,
and for the independent organiza-
tons controlled entirely by practi-
cal farmers, which is a new era
of agricultural prosperity SO fast
dawning upon this section of coun-
try. They intend to impress on the
farmer the idea of self-reliance for
all that is progressive and worth
having. They tend to stimulate and
encourage every tiller of the soil to
renewed earnest effort toward inn
proved and intelligent cultivation.
The time has fully come when
farmers must arise to the necessity
of the situation, and assert their
own rights, dignity and position
and sustain it. Agriculture is nc
longer an infant over which State
and National boards must have the
full care and watchfulness as 8
tender nurse. They may lend aid
but the farming classes are as com
petent to manage their affairs as the
ambitious politician or cattle-fai1
orator who seeks to conc;liate the
husbandmen and voters just before
election. Official dignity never car
fill the place of practical work nc
more than can beans fill the place
of brains.
Modern farming requires more
than secretaries reports and the
dull routine of ancient methods
State enactments or even State ap
preparations expended by impracti
cal men can never much increase
the crops from the soil. Farming
is eminently practical business
Roots can never be raised with q
pen or pencil, or cereals with few
fine ideas or bundle of official re-
ports. Brains and muscle, seed anc
fertilizers must join hands in any
possible success. When large
portion of the farmers take strong
interest in organizing and sustaining
the Oranges and farmers clubs, and
use the educational facilities which
they afford for their instruction
then, and not till then, will agricul.
ture take the rank it deserves in the
great interests of the country.-E
! Osgood, in Concord Patron.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

The Republicans have a weak
Presidential ticket Garfield and
Arthur are both corrupt politicians,
and there will be thousands of hon.
est, well meaning Republicans who
will refuse to vote for them. If the
Democrats nominate Senator Thur
man there would be no doubt about
his election, in fact, we now believe
that any man the Democrats NAV
nominate will be elected. Bavard
is probably the weakest man the
D. mocrats could nominate, though
I statesman CT frstclass ability and
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
The most important bill, so far a

The most important bill, so far as
the material interests of the south can
be affected, that has passed congress
this session, is that introduced by Hon.
A. HI. Stephens requiring the introduce
ton of cotton cordage in the navy.
Heretofore all the ropes used by the
navy were made of fax and hemp, but
recent experiments have proven that
the cotton rope can be made just as
serviceable and at greatly reduced
price This will create a new and
heavy demand for our cotton, and In
time will will enhance the value of our
staple.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

or 80 cents per 100 pounds Of =
made. This will amount - SILVER
ing of about $I.33 on eacS I saw
pounds of cotton. loo
This estimate on the expeD,. !,
ginning is based upon the enSe Of
practice (where gins are owns usGal
other than the planters or co.. 0y
manufacturers, where parties O.'on
gins and gin cotton on shares ~ own
money Even if only ST. is saw lor
the 100 pounds of cotton. if W. ~ On
amount to very large saving TJ
a mill with the capacity of the P axe
Cotton Mills of Lowell, that M, DOO'
facture $4,000 pounds of cotton ~ !,
week, this would give them an ad Pr'
tional profit Of sI,72o per weeE Nu !.
$So,44o per year, or 7.45 per cent " VI
their capital stock of S1.2oooooa,
This is as cotton is handled at ~ n.y.
| ent.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
Interest in cooperation is steadil

Interest in cooperation is steadily
growing in all parts of the country.
The farmers every where are wax
ing up to its importance. Past
Master Maxwell of the Tennessee
State Grange is pushing the work
in this State with great energy and
success. The business of the South
western Co operative Association
will be increased immensely next
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

a patriot whose public and private
character is without spot or blemish,
vet we now feel satisfied he would
be elected by large majority on
the popular vote.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26
Sneen Huspandry in the south.

pOS tOIN, NAooo', 4 HAAA -,
Dear Sir. | enclose certain ques-
tons that are to be put to the pro-
prietors of cotton seed oil mills upon
the use Of cotton seed. Without
any practical knowledge of cotton
cultivation / long since came to the
conclusion that the upland cotton
fields would ultimately become the
source of our chief supply of fine
clothing woods, and that by way OF
producing the wool the cotton crop
would be doubled.
Assuming that on good upland
well manfred with phosphates, sta
BILE manure, or by other methods,
product of 400 Tbs. lint per acre can
be secured, and there will then be
about 1870 Tbs. seed. If the oil be
removed there will remain enough
cake and hulls to feed five sheep on
one a ere for one hundred days, with
such other food as they can crop
from a field that had been planted
| in cotton.
In that 100 days would they not
so manure the field as to assure the
! continued product of bale to the
acre or more?
Let us assume an area OF 400
acres of land to be cultivated. We
must begin on 100 acres in cotton
enriched with commercial manures
We then proceed, putting 500 sheep
on that field after the cotton is of
feeding them with seed and on grass
that follows cotton. In other fields
we plant cow peas, clover, alfalfa
or other green crop to turn under
on 100 acres; corn or fodder Of
some sort on the next 100, and pos,
sibly turnips or some other crop tc
be fed on the field by the sheep or
the fourth 100 acres. These detail;
will be much more familiar to plan
tiers than to the writer.
The main point of interest to hin
is to improve both quantity anc
quality of upland cotton by sheer
folded on the same field on which
the cotton is grown.
A shed in the centre opening into
each field would serve for protection
from storm.
In respect to dogs the means o
protection are now simple-tht
Washburn and Manchester Manu-
featuring Co. would furnish the
material, except posts, for dog
proof fence for 400 acres, with cross
fence to separate the fields as fol
lows:
Amount of Barb Fencing re
CURED to fence 400 acres with {
slime fence of $500 lbs, or 1872 TBS
for each line:
500 lbs. galv'd bard fencing I4c$So6.4 c
100 - g staples @I2c. I2.oC
IOI2 Posts 90 IOc............... IoI 20
1abor................ ..................... 2O.OC
Total. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. $o3o.6C
Or 90 cents per rod"
"You will notice this gives you {
magnificent fence of five lines o
barb wire deep, which will make
it exceedingly awkward for any
dog big enough to attack sheep tc
get a; them"
The posts and labor might brins
the whole cost up to $1,000.
This subject belongs in the census
to the cotton department under The
supervision of Prof. Hilgard, blu
the writer takes the liberty of ask
: ing questions of correspondent.
from whom he has previously re
ceived valuable information, as b,
, is cooperating with Prof. Hilgard
Very respectfully,
EDWARD ATKINSON,
Special Ag't of Census Dept OF
Cotton and Manufacture.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

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New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-15
WASHINGTON NOTES.
WASHINGTON. Friday, q.

WASHINGTON Friday, May ID. 1880.
Henry g. Foote, superintendent OF tho New-Oreans
Mint desires to retire from his official duties account
Of illhealtn.
tor of the Spanish Claims Commission the part Of the
United States.
The President to-day approved the Consular and D-
nlomatc Appropraton bill and the bill for the relief Of
settlers on public lands.
Internal Revenue Collector Clark, Of Atlanta, Ca tel
eeraphs that I've prisoners have been arrested In
Rabun County and three dIstilerieE seized Rev
enue Agents Chapman ana hosse were urcu upon out
not hurt
Ralph r Buckland (Ohio) Charles c. Housel NE
braska) Geo. b. smyth Iowa), and Daniel Chadwick
(Conn) have been appointed Government Directors of
the Union Pacific Railway Company, TO serve until tue
next regular election OF directors OF salu company
The United States Consul at Cape Hayten reports
large increase in the of that port with the United
were valued 1921 071 ID consisting chiehy OF log
wood and coffee. Tie imports from the United states
consisted mainly OF cotton goods and SSO7S6 IN silver
Mr. Augustus Norris one Of the United States Com
missoners to the International Exhibition at Sydney,
Australia reports that "in all where the leading
American manufacturers have sent their products TO the
Exhibition they have either exceeded all competitors
OF stood In the first rank"
The Crow Indians have agreed to sell to the Govern
ment 900 900 Of their reservation in Montana
for 900 per year for twenty-five years and the shO
shone and Bann0ck Indians, or the Fort Hail. Idaho,
reservation, have signed an agreement dhpOslug or
100000 acres OF their reservation for $4,000 year
for twenty years.
An advance statement by Mr.. Himmo Chief OF Stats
tics shows the exports of petroleum OF the products
OF that commodity during March to have been as fol-
Iowa, Boston, S4O24I; New-YOTk, 81 800 37S; Phlla-
dephia S31 ,2S5; Baltimore, $lO3 453; San Fran
cisco 81 $40; Richmond 81 ,050: all other districts
SIS 395; total, SO 378.342. A year ago March the
al was Oh