The Mankato free press. [volume] (Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.) 1879-1924, 1880-01-02
LIVING WATERS.


LIVING WATERS.
The mysteries ss sae sprs. s.--vne
swss. Witch Ssssh hrssss the Crystal
II has been reported that at Cham
paigp, ILL.,, an inexhaustihle supply of
water has been discovered "a feet below
the surface, and ON being probed Is over
hows at the surface II the earth. Quite
similar instances i'm various parts OF the
country have been numerous The phe-
nomenon proceeds from the same general
cause that sends the millions of springs
of water bubbling forth through super
fetal crevices, and makes some wells con.
stantly overflow. The influence which
produces such action rs this is the re-
sultsnt OF the earth's centripetsl and
centrifugal forces, operating impulsively
upon the subterraieSn water deposits,
and forcing them INTO and through the
natural channels ef the esrth's crust.
The theory that the water flows To these
springs and wells from higher point by
hydroststic pressure is ably contested by
writer in the Popular Science Momthly.
IL the immense floods which break forth
in different places were the result of a
flow from some other higher bodies of
water, the drains must have, Of necessi.
ty, sooner or later, exhausted the sup.
ply sources, unless equivalent streams
were flowing into the latter also. Next,
whence could come the higher heads TO
flow into and supply them in turn! Ex.
tend the process until a flow is secured
from the highest land on the earth, and
then whence comes the flow To supply
that.
At Grenelle, Germany, a majestic
column Of warm water rises 30 feet above
the surface from we'll 800 feet deep,
for which there is no apparent head.
The artesisn well at Tours rises with a
jet that can sustain cannon. Chautau.
qua lake rises like jewel in the crown
of a high mountain ridge. 1t is 20 miles
long and two miles wide, and is fed by
innumerable springs, which can be seen
bub6ling up through the bottom. II is
on the highest land in the state west of
the Cstskill mountains. From il issues
large mill stream. To account for this
great flow in this region by surprising il
TO fall from some other higher elevation
is absurd, for there is no such source
from which it could flow without being
exhausted. In the mountain region of
Pennsylvania, 1T every step, the traveller
notices abundant streams of the purest
water sometimes gushing from the very
tops of mountains There is no land
above them from which such torrents
could flow in such constant abundance.
Lakes Superior, Ontario, Huron, and
possibly Michigan are OVERLOOKING
springs of tsubter.anesn water, but
they cannot be accounted for upon
the hypothesis Of hydraulic pressure,
since there are no higher lands which
could furnish an adequate supply. If
all the lands on the continent which are
higher than lake Superior are supposed
TO be but shells filled with water, the
difference between the outflow and the
inflow of Ontario would quickly exhaust
the supply. The vast surface of Ontario
cannot come through an underground
channel connecting il with Superior, for
the difference in level between the two
is 500 feet, snd, were they connected,
their surfaces would hnd a common
level. Lastly, from the highest point Of
the highest mountain in the world-the
Himalay IS great catsrScts AID streams
have poured, and still do pour, with an
abundance that not only il astonishing,
but that would exhaust any possible
reservoirs at their extreme tops. The con.
clusion is inevitable that some other
force than hydroststic or hydraulic pres
sure exists 10 which these great over.
flows are due. Gases are out of the
question, for they force water down in.
stead Of up when both sre inclosed in q
common receiver.
In the case OF water imprisoned
within the earth's rocky chambers, the
resultant of the two natural forces, cen.
tripetsi and centrifugal, will be dupli-
Gated on every point of the inside sur
face of the reck-prison. The intensity
of the resultant will be represented by
the aggregation of all the resultants of
all the particles Of water. Suppose q
small opening to be made in the rock
prison. Immediately the water will be
forced out with velocity equal to the
influence of these aggregated resultsnts,
modified by the laws of friction, and
this velocity will not be at all infu-
enced by the direction Of the original
impulses given To the water particles.
Hence, If assures exist in rocks that
lead to imprisoned waters, il would
happen that through these outlets the
waters must certainly flow. II, by any
artificial means, rs by boring, an open
ing should be made between a body of
confined water and the surface of the
earth, flowing we'll would result. The
intensity of the centrifugal force will
increase with the distance from the CEN
ter of the earth, while gravity will de-
crease. Thus we find the strongest and
most abundant overfows at the top of
mountains or on high plstesus. But
suppose that it had been fully proved
that a particular overfowing we'll or
spring was caused by by drostatic pressure
it would still remain to be accounted
for how the water got to that higher
point. This can best be done by the
force designated, which is always acting
upon the partially confined wster-beds,
and water channel forming the internal
water structure of the earth's crust.