davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Luxemburger gazette. [volume] (Dubuque, Iowa) 1871-1918, 1880-08-31

y gs srifirsn man&s gplfsfassa issr BIZ
Gntpsfuns bee uripriinslidsn plants ~ bisism
Yra6t- une Rtsitnbau. NaG elmer bitter Ga.
gen fol- BEN BaumnlfsI Der ben plan sntparf,
bsrislbs in sinem Sraumssidi nf&ieasn itin,
tarob ipa bsr 9aumeiftr ni&t n,r spn ttGsn
ShSnbsit auf's SS6fe entjidt fcnbern aud
Dor Der @rpsartisfeit b~tslben rf4rpden stps.
fen ftin.-Dis Sast mad ptl&n Der Grjftinb
Der WtnI&bsit ben erlffn @r&itfftsn ben plan
sssist unS ft bafir bsftn Sstle sti1eit babe,
sebSrt In bas 8eiH Der 6abtlu, beam Der Satau,
hem nit Der QUALIFYING 9ettts, pbns 3wtifel
pisls Wtttsl sur Grret4uns itintr infernaltn
plSns ~ @sbpte fsbsn, tpiref nifmals ssatn
feline Seuftlsnatur banbtln unb ben plan au 81.
mem, lol@su Gsmpsl bee lsbtnbistn @pitts sintm
Stsrb!i9sa sntbiasn.
*s) lin has Sabr 1910 bate Der 9aamrasr
De 2psp, psltsr banials ben Dpmbaa Ititstt,
etnen aiinlltr In Grfurt bfauftrast Gin Rpbsl
bee Dpmts an,ufntistn.' Der 4iniltr arbsitstt
feds spaf SABRE an bifism aunfptrt fabrtt en-
miniature ben 8au GAM ssnau mad benz gau-
pIant aus unb Spatnbttt pfnielbtn I'm HRat 1886.
Or srbitlt bafir bon Srn. Dc 9ostp 5000 3baIer
unt bas Tripilta, bas Webti tbt CT baGtlbt In
aSln ab,aIitfsrn bate, tp6brfnb nfun Wonattn
In ben srSbrn Staetsn Ytuti4Ianps jur S3au
ausIuatan.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURIST.

while the potato, maize, and barley
are uncertain in their crop, there has
never been a season when these edible
corollas have been known to fail.
Their keeping powers are excellent !;
alton dried and put into sacks, was
exported, and, examined after two
years time, was found to be undam-
aged. The tree furnishes a hard and
strong timber used for carriage
wheels, etc. The seed yield a green
ish-yellow oil, used for burning in
lamps, making soap, and for culinary
purposes. The flowers, in addition
to their use as food, are now largely
employed in the dlstillation OF a
strong smelling spirit, resembling
whisky, and which is consumed in
great quantities by the natives. This
liquor, when fresh, proves very dele
FERROUS to Europeans. The mahwa is
consided by the Bheels as essential
to their very existence, and this fact
is taken advantage OF by the govern
ment in dealing with refractory tribes;
it is only necessary to threaten the
destruction of their mahwa trees to
bring them to submission.
Some OF the English papers believe
that there is possible commercial
future for the economic products of
this tree, especially for it's oil, which
is said to be worth $l75 per ton in
India. m
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
JANUARY %

is he?" Twenty years old" "But I
did not see you examine his teeth"
mo, You did not, young man. |
have traded horses for the last thirty
years, and / have owned as many at
800 different animals. My rule has
always been to mentally calculate
the age of the other mans horse as
twenty. In this way make no mis-
takes and suffer no disappointments.
"Didn't your rule ever fail ?' "Well,
it did fail once. / was trading horses
in Pontiac, and / made the usual es-
innate OF twenty years, but the crit
ter died Of old age while / was trying
to beat grocer down two cents on
the price of a peck of oats"
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28

ued, it must be under some system
which will secure an adequate return
for the capital invested in the en-
terprise, as well as food. clothes and
wages for the laborers which is not
the case under the present routine.
To what extent the high culture of
cotton may be economically carried,
is one of the most interesting ques.
tons in the agriculture of the south
A bale Of lint cotton per acre ought
not to be an uncommon crop, and
yet it is very rarely attained east of
the Mississippi Notwithstanding
that 1850 pounds of seed cotton will
make five hundred pound bale, and
that 100 bolls will make a pound OF
seed cotton, it will require $4,000
bolls to the acre, to make bale. If,
with rows three and half feet apart,
we could get stalk at every foot,
we should have 1900 stalks ON the
acre; then in order to make bale,
we should need to have thirteen bolls
on stalk, which does not seem a
very extravaganza estimate. Thirteen
hollis OF cotton to a stalk occupying
three and halt square feet of soil, is
by no means brag stalk, but the
rub is to get one such stalk at every
foot in the row. In order to do this,
there must be: First, thorough prep
aration of the soil; second, careful
planting; and third, great particu-
larity in bringing the crop to stand.
With these three conditions, it is
practicable to get the requisite num-
Der of stalks; and with proper ter
tilization it is easy enough to get the
thirteen hollis to the stalk.
In order TO make bale of cotton
we must have 500 pounds of Int,
1000 pounds Of seed, 1900 pounds
stems, 500 pounds of leaves, 500
pounds of burrs, and 500 pounds of
roots; and in order to produce these,
we must have 81 pounds of nitrogen,
80 pounds phosphoric acid, and SO
pounds of potash. Even if the
whole of these elements of fertility
had to be artifcially applied, it would
not be a heavy manuring. 1t seems,
therefore, that good farming ought
to produce bale of cotton to the
acre.
In the article before us, Mr.. Gift
quots Mr.. David Dickson's success
as reported in the Southern Cstltivo-
tor, in which he made 1890 pounds
OF seed cotton on tour acres OF land.
He also makes an estimate predicat-
ed on stalk of cotton grown by Mr..
Dickson, three feet high, which had
upon it 563 matured bolls !" Reck-
oning the crop to stand 8 by 5 feet
(entirely too much for stalks only 3
feet high we would have 1905
stalks to the acre, which, allowing
1000 bolls to the pound, would yield
1888 pounds OF seed cotton or
1880 pounds lint per acre.
We do not endorse this as a prac-
ticable result, but we present Mr.. Gifts
figures as illustrating the reasonable
ness OF expecting to make bale to
the acre. How tar this high culture
may be economically carried is an III
teresting question for experiment.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
The Mahwa Tree.
From the Scientific American.

From the Scientific American
Mr.. +. Lockwood, who was tor
several years magistrate in Mong-
hyr, India, has described in the Jour-
nal OF LinnOean Society the econo-
mic uses of the mahwa tree, which he
speaks of as "a fountain yielding food,
wine and oil" to the inhabitants OF
the country where it grows. This
tree 1.-THE Bdssid latitolid of botanists)
grows in the plains and forests OF
Bengal, and attains height of 40 to
so feet, with numerous spreading
branches, forming close, shady,
rounded crown. Standing on the
Kharakpoor hills, $50 miles north
west of Calcutta, a hundred thousand
of the trees are visible Ill the plains
below. They might be mistaken for
the mango but while the mango is
uncertain in its yields, the crop Of
the mahwa never tails. The part
eaten are the flowers, which are sweet
tasting aud succulent, and fall in
great profusion in March and April.
Tie natives collect these, dry them,
and store them as staple articles
Of food. Each tree yields two or
three hundred weight OF the corollas;
SO that the total yield in the Monghyr
district alone, it is estimated, cannot
tall short OF 100000 tons. The nour-
ishment is good, for the Santhals,
who use it largely, are plump and
happy. The mahwa had It's share in
alternating the Indian famine, and
during the scarcity which prevailed
at Behar (1S73,4) the crop, which was
unusually abundant, kept thousands
of poor people from starvation. The
flowers are still more useful tor teed
ing cattle; aud again the same rec.
ommendation may be advanced, that
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
Four Years. Experience with Carp.

: y
Levi Davis, in Pacific Rural Press
On January the 2lst, 1876, I
bought six carp OF Mr.. Pope, for
which I paid him $50. One died
shortly after / got them, leaving five
to start with. The first year raised
2,044, and in 1877 / raised 1872, from
the anne FIVE fish. In the spring of
1875 I let Mr.. Oliver, my friend and
neighbor. have two OF my old fish, so
l had only three left, and 1 raised
that year about 1000, and this year
l1S79 LIDO not know how many /
will have, as j have not adrawn the
water off yet. / drew the water off
one pond 10 get some fish to ship,
the result Of which gave you in my
last letter.
Now for the result. l have four
small ponds, the cost of which was
about $50 each, making in all 5000
for ponds and $50 for fish. The
feed has cost say $40 year, making
$40 total S27O. l have sold S415
worth of fish, which leaves me $145
surplus cash, together with four
small ponds and 5000 or 5000 carp.
In addition to this my family has
been eating carp for the last eighteen
months.
The question should arise in the
mind OF every man who has any Stu
alton fit for carp, to what can 1 ap-
ply it to better advantage than to
carp culture ? Look at it carefully.
The first year had them in one pond,
which only contained eight square
rods, or two rods wide and four
long. This has been my Matching
pond all the time. MY next pond
had six square rods in it, the third
has about fifteen square rods in it,
aud the fourth has some 80 or 40 rods
making in all about one-half acre of
land, which gives me over $50 per
acre rent and a big harvest in the bar
gain. 1t is better than compound in
terest on the same amount OF money
| Il have given facts and figures that
all may see the profit from a litJle
| waste water and swamp land that
may pass by unheeded, and which
might be turned to our advantage in
purse as we'll as in diet. 1t is now
demonstrated beyond a doubt that
the carp does splendidly in our wa
tiers, and will thrive in waters where
other fish cannot exist. For instance,
the temperature OF my pond rose to
So and il I'remember rightly, Seth
Green, the great trout man, gave ac'
counts that in his experience the
death OF certain species OF trout oc-
Cured at 72o, 740 and 76o. | might
give many advantages in tayorot the
carp over the common fish, but this
must suffice for the present-may give
you the experience of others at
another time.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
8mc GsgG June Rice. \ g SsFsSs
Ben Alston, beforethe South Carolina Agricultural

Ben Allston, before the South CaroEna AgricutuFal
Society. 3
In the cultivation Of rice some
notifications have been introduced
since the war. The most important,
excepting machinery, introduced is
the June planting and the Increased
use Of commercial fertilizers.
Plantinglin June used TO berarely
resorted to, and only as the earlier
seeding had failed, and was not com.
mended. Now a large proportion OF
the crop Of this country is planted in
June. On this head I quote from
Captain Hazard, himself having a
large experience, aud my own FULLY
confirming his:
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
Manures and Fertilizers for Irish
: a y Potatoes. ( s 81

= ff - OOSUVO6e "
From the Home and Farm.
There is a paragraph going the
rounds telling how large a crop of
potatoes was grown by a western
New York man, by the use of com.
mon wheat bran, at the rate of a.hand-
fulSto each hill. Nodoubt bran does
very well as fertilizer. but there are
several Others a good deal cheaper
and much more effective. These are
the cotton seed meal and the ashes
procured from cotton seed oil mills
the residue after the burning of the
hulls in the furnace.
These, at the rate of from 500 TO
1000 pounds per acre, are sown
broadcast on the lands near Memphis
and New Orleans, devoted to grow
ing Irish potatoes during the late
winter months for thenorthern spring
and early summer markets.
Previously, however, the lands are
heavily MANFRED from the contents
Of the barns and stables OF the ada
cent cities; for it is fact that must
never be lost sight OF, that the com.
mon garden vegetables, such as Irish
potatoes, cabbages, turnips and the
like, can not be successfully grown
south, unless there is a large addition
made to soil in the shape of vegeta-
BILE matter-stable manure being the
best form of it.
But OF all fertilizers, the Irish po-
tato demands large quantities OF pot
ash; and this being supplied, together
with vegetable matter, there is
scarcely an acre of land capable OF
producing corn or cotton which may
not be made to yield heavy crop Of
potatoes between the months OF JAN
uary and June.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
How Much Cotton can be Crow
to the Acre.

From the Alabama Farm Journal.
In looking over an old copy of the
Report of the Agricultural Depart
ment at Washington, our attention
was attracted by an article on Got
ton Under High Culture" contribu-
ted by Mr.. Geo. w. Gift, of Tennes-
see, in which he presents several in
stances of enormous yields OF cotton
to the acre. As he remarks, if the
production of cotton is to be contin.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28

The prepared arrowroot is almost
pure starch. 1t has a peculiar firm
feel between the fingers, and when
rubbed produces peculiar cracking
sound, like that of dry snow in very
cold weather. Like starch from other
sources, it is insoluble in cold water,
but forms on boiling a gelatinous
solution. The purity OF arrowroot is
best determined by microscopic ex.
animation, as, while the starch gran
ules of different plans are almost
identical in chemical composition and
properties, they are often very pecu-
liar in size, form and structure. The
granules Of the genuien nadrdnt0,
arrowroot are of regular ovoid
form, of nearly equal size and smooth
on their surface; !. while the granules
of potato starch, one of the most COM
mon adulterants, are irregular, ovoid,
very variable in size from 10000 to
1900 of an inch in diameter and
stocked and furrowed on their surface.
The fecula of many other plants is
used either as a substitute or
as an adulterant from the true
arrowroot. Zamai0 aaategr!foli0
Yields an arrowroot in the West
Indies and in the neighborhood Of st.
Augustine, Florida. drum Vatigure
(qcakerobiaa) yields Portland arrow
root in the isle of Portland. Cstr.
emma Angawstitolia yields East India
arrowroot. Jdtropta Manihot, the
cassava or tapioca plant, yields Bra.
lillian arrowroot. zdccG oce0'eac0,
yields Tahita arrowroot. AlstrOnaer1o
2odUida, yields Talcahanena arrow
root. The potato yields, by careful
preparation the English arrowroot.
Starch similar to arrowroot is also
prepared in the West Indies from the
roots DioScere0 SativG or Gam Cdto-
c,tsia escule,ata, and from the fruit
Astdcaypats 6uciSa or bread fruit tree.
For use arrowroot should be rub
bed to paste with a little cold wa
ter, and while this is stirred consld-
cradle quantity of boiling water
should be added. 1t may be sweet
ened with sugar or favored with
lemon juice or with wines and spices.
For infants it may be prepared with
milk. A tablespoonful is sufficient
for Pint OF water or milk.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
FungOid.

Any one who has kicked a mature
"putf ball." or similar fungus, and has
noticed the myriad spores that fly
away in every direction, must have
wondered why SO few ever grew; for,
il millionth part Of their number
terminated, these fungi would be as
thick as wheat in a grain field. 1t
seems to be fact that the smaller the
plant the greater number of seeds or
spores it produces, and the greater
the number produced the more lin
tied are the conditions under which
the seeds or spores can terminate.
Only tor this limitation of conditions
we should have fungi, ferns, and the
lower orders OF plants everywhere
I'M immense numbers. AS regards
fungi these seem to be propaga:ed
mainly by cell divisions, in many
cases taking the form Of thready
growths or spawn Spores Of the
common edible mushroom have been
often sown without. any authentic
case OF mushroom plant HAVING
been produced. Horticulturists grow
their plants wholly from spawn. Dr.
Nylander, a distinguished botanist
believes that the spores of this mush.
room never germinate unless thew
first pass through the stomach of an
herbiyerous animal.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
ASafe Rule in Horse Trading.

From the Detroit Free Press.
After the conclusion of a livery
horse trade on Larned street, wit.
ness OF the transaction asked one of
the traders what sort of horse he
had got by the exchange. ooh, just
medium-just common sort of
plug,n was the reply. "And how old
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28

The system of cultivating June
rice has been brought to such perfec-
ton that it is rarely injured by frost,
escapes the ravages of fall birds, and
it is not an unusual occurrence that
the grain is more pearly and weighs
heavier than April rice. The ad-
vantages are:
LIST. 1t escapes the fail. birds.
End. 1t is cut in the fall in cool
weather, and after all equinoctial
storms.
Sd. 1t enables the planter to dis
pose of his April rice, avoiding a
glut in the market.
While it costs about the same to
cultivate as in April Il think it costs
less), it is by no means 80 expensive
crop, as there are no bird minders
to pay, no guns to buy and no pow
der and caps needed. This gentle.
man and others in his neighborhood
have planted at least half their crops
in June. On the Waccamaw, Pee
dee and Black rivers not so large,
but very considerable portion is
seeded in June. | think commercial
manures are found to be very advan-
tageous to rice; and where the labor
is employed on wages they are be-
ing more extensively used. / have
applied, as an experiment, this year,
to a portion of June rice 500 pounds
OF fertilizer to the acre, and the rice
is quite outstripping the rest.
The Florida agriculturist. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1878-1911, 1880-01-28
1914
ArrOWrOOt.

1,ro,, Jobnson,s New Universal Encyclopaedia.
Arrowroot is the starch or tecula
from the root of the madra',tG dra'adS-
nacea, and from other species Of the
Naroaata. 1t is much esteemed as an
easily digestable diet Tor infants and
invaiids. Large quantities of it are
imported into the United States and
Europe from Bermuda and Jamaica,
where it is cultivated. 1t is also
raised in Georgia and Florida. The
roots are rather rhizomes, yielding
about twenty-five per cent. OF this
starch, which is in the form ola light,
opaque, white powder. 1t is often
adulterated with potato. starch and
other substances. The name arrow
root is said to refer to the use of the
fresh roots as an application to
wounds inflicted by poisoned arrows,
and the expressed juice has been rec
commended as an antidote to poisons
and as cure for the stings and bites
of venomous insects and reptiles.
Some think that the name is really
another form of drW, which is said to
be the Indian appellation of the plant;
but it Is. not. improbable that the
scales on the root resembling the point
of an arrow may have suggested the
name.
In preparing "arrowroot" the rhi-
ZONES OF the plant when year old,
are washed, carefully peeled and
beaten in a wooden mortar or by
mill or wheel rasp to milky pulp.
The pulp is then diluted with water,
passed through sieve of coarse cloth
or hair to separate the fiber and the
starch is allowed to settle. Albumen
and salt are held in solution while the
starch settles down as an insoluble
powder which is finally dried in the
sun. According to Benzon the fresh
rhizomes contain
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1880-01-24

a schooiboy being asked hy the teacher
how be should Hog him, replied
III you please, SIR 1 should like To- have
% upon tbc Italian system Of pcumauship
thc heavy strokes upward. and the down
ones light
schOolmis'rcss pointing 90 Che first letter
Of The aiphabcD Come, now, what Is
thatl'
Scholar / shan't tell you
'chOJIuisircss. You wont, but YOU
must Come. now. what isitf
Scholar / shaul lcll YOU ] didn't come
here 90 teach you, b1t for yOu 90 teach mc.
y country sch0Dlmos,or bad tvy pupils.
TO ono Of whom De- was partial and q. .b.
other severe. One morning 30 happened
that these two boys were late. and we're
called up TO account fYr b..
"GOu must have heard the bell boys .
why did you not comcT'
please sir, said the favoriie. "I was
dreaming tloi ] was going to Narga'c, aud
J thought Che school bell was the steamboat
bell"
every well said the master. glad of
any preiext to excuse bis fayOrilc
And now, SIR, turning to tue other.
'what have you 10 Say ~
please, sin said he puzzled boy. 'I-
l was waiting 70 So Ism Of
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1880-01-24

uage. DR.. Robert Brown. the latcs, auth
orlty, attributes, in his Races of Mankind. ''
an ASiatic origin TO our oborgiuals. lie
says that the Western Indians not only per
sonally resemble their nearest neighbors-
the Northeastern AsiatiCS but they rrasscm-
hle them in language and traditions The
tsquimauN on the American and the
lchucktChiS ON the ASiatiC side understand
one another perfectly. Modern authropo-
logis', indeed, are disposed to think tina,
Japan, the kurlcs, and ndueighboriug regions.
may be regarded as the original home OF
the greater part of the native American
race. IL Is also admitted by them that be
tween the tribes scattered from the Arctic
Sea To Cape Horn there is more uniformity
of physical feature than is seen i'm any other
quarter of the globe. The weight of cvid-
encc and authority Is altogether IN favor of
the opinion that our so called Indians are a
branch NJ the Mongolian family. nndall ad-
ditonal researches strengthen the opinion.
The tribes of both North and South America
are unqucslonahly homogeneous, and. i'm
all likelihood, had their origin in Asia.
though they have been altered and modified
10y thousands of years of total separation
from the parent stock
West Virginia argus. [volume] (Kingwood, W. Va.) 1877-1946, 1880-01-24
SenatoriaI "Reminiscences.

Ia Senator MCCrcary, of Kentucky.
is great lover of tobacco I'm its natural
state, but as the price Of the weed was n
little too high for his ideas of luxury, he
always brought IA supply with him TO Wash
lngton from his farm in old "[cntucl. 4"
One day in the Senate hc put his hand in
the pockct of hls Swallow tai' for the
scrap of plug which was generally to he
found there, but it was missing. So he
called riding page ana told him to 20 To
his hotel In Georgetown you can live in
Georgetown for ninety cents per day). aud
bring piece OF tobacco about two inches
long, which he said would be found ON bis
bedroom table. Well, the boy rode over
To the hotel, three miles distant, and re
turned with the fragrant plug Tho Ken
lucky statesman looked first mt the youth
and then al the tobacco. "NOung man, "
said he, ''you can't come IT that way.
There "A chew missing
On another occasion Il package was re
ceivcd Tor him ut the Senate postoilicc. and
the clerk in charge paid the duties, which
were thirty cents. lie {, ok the package
To the silvcr-tongucd apostle of the blue
grass region, and told him the circum-
stances. "Ioo much, replied McCrccry
II never pay more than twenty-five cents
for package like shat Here's quarter.
! can afford tO pay tho other five. Noun
have To stand II yourself ~
Ex-senator Goldthwai,c, Of Alabama, was
noted for hisabsCnt- -mindcdness and hc\yas
occasionally seen running about the senate
trying To get ont, and not being able to find
the door. lie would have the page-bovs i'm
the Scnaic looking for his hat or cane. which
would be all the while firmly clasped in his
hand. lie was much given TO waking up
aud down the lobby, plunged in deep
thought, often smoking fragrant Havana,
and entirely oblivious OF ali about him
Often some cheeky page Of the senate
would walk up and ask the Senator for "A
light. MIR. Goldlhwaite would mcchanl-
cally hand over his cigar, the boy would
take light put tho choice weed i'm his
precious mouth, and hand over his old
stump TO the old gentleman, who would
continue his stroll in blsslnl ignorance. II
Is related on good authority that, in one Of
his fits of abstraction, hc walked into the
senate elevator, dropped a nickel into the
hole back OF the mirror, and calmly re-
qucsted to be let out at ar street