davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09
"WINE OF CARDUI" for Ladies' only.

Shay Seth Thomas Calendar Clocks mark
The day Of week, month aud day Of month,
making the necessary changes for February
and Leap Year. With all tho latest i'm
provenents, Si5-warranted . years. They
can be brought OF j. A. DANIELS.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

Permanent relief for dyspepsia, sour
stomach, billiousncss. and all diseases of a
disordcrcd liver can be had by using Porta-
line, or Tablcrs Vegetable Liver Powder.
Price 50c. Whites Cream White Vcrmi-
fugc is the best worm killer. For sale by
Wilhile 4 Wilhite, Druggists. Anderson.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

No DANGER iH TAXING MAY APPLE LIVER
PfLLs.-They are harmless to the most deli
cate person, bI. So penetrating that they
clear the system Of all impurities and gent.
~ excite the liver to healthy action. Price
Is cents per box. Sod by WillIite & VIII
bitc, Anderson, 5. c. 19.1m
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

Er' just received, FIFTY WESTERN
BUGGIES of all styles. can suit any one
now in Buggy. Phacton. or any kind of
vehicle. G.. a. REED. AIT.
October 9Th so
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

So many children suffer with worms, and
the symptoms are so sell understood, that
II is unnecessary to describe them. When
these symptoms are visible, use Kauuuita
Indian Worm Pellets and save your child
price, 10 and 20 cents per box. For sale by
T. a. Hudsens, Honci Path, Traynham K
Dial, Laurensvillc, Simpson, Reid & Co. and
Willitc & Wilhite, Anderson.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

Ma EXTRA FINE WESTERN SEED
WHEAT just from Cincinnati, RED RUST
PROOF SEED OATS and BARLEY for
sale by SULLIVAN & MATrISON.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

F'AHEH NOTZCE-RrEDN IL SrEpnExs
will place the notes and accounts due them
in the hands OF an officer of the law for
collection on the 18th of December. Par
ties owing US ncney will govern themselves
accordingly. REED Il STEPHENS.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

ApBEvILLE Co, S. c., april ., 1879.
This is to certify that have used Hills
HEPAT1c PANACEA i'll affections of the Liver
with good results. and can recommend the
medicine 30 the public.
]. w. CALHOUN. NJ. d.
Price so cents per bottle. For sale by
Wilhitc & Wilhite, Anderson, s. G. 19-lln
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09
Notice of Dissolution,
Dec /, 1880

NOTlCE FINAL. SETTLEMENT.
~ The undersigned, Administrator of
the Estate OF A: NJ: Armstrong, deceased,
hereby gives notice that lie will apply to the
Judge of Probate at Anderson e. H., on
tho llth day of December, 1850, for Final
Settlement of sud Estate, and discharge
from said Administrations
\. s. ARMSTRONG, Admir-
Nov II $3.50 is s
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09
"BLACK.DRAUGHT" make, chills

and fever impossible.
For sale by Simpson, Reid & Co.
FUNlIE GEORGIA BABY BONDS WILL
Il buy NEURALGINE. Neuralgine will cure
Neuralgia and Headache NEURALGIA and
Headache lead to disease-diseasc to death
Moral Go TO your Druggists and get - bot
tie Of Ncuralginc and be relieved.
HUNT. RANKIN & LAMAR.
Wholesale Agents, Atlanta.
For sale by Simpson, Reid & Co. 10 IN
We mean what we say. and we say it in
the simplest way, Coussens Lightning Lin
imcnt is the best Linimcnt in the world for
rheumatism, lame back, neuralgia. warts
corns and sore throat. Price Soc. Whites
Cream White Vcrmifuge is tie best worm
killer. For sale by Wilhitc e. Wilhite,
Druggists, Anderson, 8. C..
CoLuaBus. GA. April ~. 1878.
DIR. G. J. MorFEiTT-Dccr Sn-My wife
and myself are satisfied that the life of our
tcething babe was saved by the use of your
Tcethina tTcething Powders), when other
remedies had failed to relieve him. We
hare been delighted rith The speedy and pcrmr-
ncnf relief gircn 6nc Of cur children from Il
scrcrc attack Of Ckoicra Mordus. Tcetilina is
indispensable to us, and should be kept BY
all parents having small children.
Respectfully,
JESSE D. WRIGHT
Foreman Enquirer
For sale by Williite &c Wiiiiic 10 I'm
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

No headache or back-acle for ladies
who drink "WlNE OF CARDUI."
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

NJ Office FINAL SETTLEMENT.
~ The undersigned hereby give notice
that they will apply to the Judge of Probate
Mt Anderson c. H., S. c.. on the goth dny of
December next, for q Final Settlement and
discharge from the Estate of John Cox.
deceased
JOHN w. DANIELS.
]. WILLET PREVOST,
Noy Is, 1850 1916 Executors.
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09

MTOTICE FINAL SETTLEMENT.
IN The undersigned Administrators of
Estate Of w. a. Potts, deceased, will apply
TO the Judge Of Probate .or Anderson Coun-
ty on the 9th day of January next, for
Final Settlement of said Estate, and
discharge from said administration.
Mrs. A. +. POTTS, Adm'x.
Dec ., 1850 81 IS
The Anderson intelligencer. [volume] (Anderson Court House, S.C.) 1860-1914, 1880-12-09
REAL ESTATE FOR SALE

For sale by Simpson, Reid & Co.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22
LOST AND FOUND.

TAKEN Up EsTRAE-A Red and white COW.
J. The owner Will come forward. pay charges and
tske her away. HARVEY KNOTT, at z Lyons
Mil, ON Rock Creek. noy22-3ts
OSF-Nov. 18th small black and tan 6YP, from
II cor. f and 9th sis. northeast. Collar and tag
No. GIL. A liberia! reward for her return to J II.
REARDON. novl9-3ts
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

Inc next Senate, on the face OF the returns
viii be so evenly divided, politically That death
or some other unforeseen event may upset all
calculations as to predominanee before the time
OF organization. The recent death OF Governor
Williams, OF Indiana, may even. Ii is suggested
affect the composition Of the Senate. The Indt-
ana senate Is equally divided between republi-
cans and democrats, and the lieutenant COVER
LoI has had the casting vote. The elevation OF
the latter TO the goVernor5htp leaves the senate
without an arblter. The state constitution pro
yides that the legislature shall meet AMI organ
lie on the Thursday after the first Monday In
January; and that the returns OF the election
for governor and lieutenant governor having
been sealed and transmitted TO the speaker of
the house, shall be opened by him In the pres
cree OF both houses, and the result announced,
Ii is argued from these provisions that both
houses viii need TO be organized before Governor
Porter can take his seat. Ii the dead lock in the
senate postpones this ceremony the state will
be lett without head; and the struggle may.
also. it is claimed, prevent republican from
succeeding Senator Mcdonald In the United
states States Senate, at any rate by the 18th OF
March next; SINCE the legal time of the election
III senator passes. the present legislature can
not make the selection, the effect OF which
would be to leave the Senate certainly demo-
cratic. There ale too many Ifs and .sbuts'-
however. In the plan. Even should all things be
what they seem from the democratic point of
VIEW, 1t is evident that the republicans need
only concede the temporary organization of the
iDdiana senate to the democrats In order to en-
sure plain sailing.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

There are decided indications Of disposition
On the part OF the regular Virginia democracy
TO agree upon some new readjustment scheme
that will satisfy the bulk of the readlusters.
and prevent Malone from reorganizlng that
party. The argument used Is that there must
be reuniflcation Of the democratic party Of
that state. TO stop the tendency now nantes.
Ia many counties towards negro ascendency.n
as the Richmond Dispatch puts It, That paper
says In this connection that It fayors a settle
ment Which shall be satisfactory to the credit
ors and honorable TO the state and which shall
at the same time CONNIE nd Itself to the ap.
proval OF the 100 900 democrats who voted the
regular Hancock electoral ticket on the "a
Instant; and, II possible, to majority of the
81 Geo WHO voted the Malone electoral ticket.
Ii sees no good reason why the Barbour bill or
Gen. Maloneis scheme might not furnish a
basis or compromise which should be ACCEPT
able 20 the states creditors as well as to both
the Mahoneites and the regular democrats.
The amount Of it Is. the regular democracy OF
Virginia want to close up their ranks before the
next state election, even IL they have to meet
the readjusters halt way In the way OF CON.
premise.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

The allies resolve that no further pressure is
TO De applied TO the Sultan; and give him ten
days III which TO secure the eession OF Duic,vno.
The generals OF the Sultan announce that they
90 not wish to coerce the people OF Duleigno.
out rely upon their patriotism, and apply for
-FOUR thousand men as achievements. In this
time OF eessions which do not cede, aud of
moral naval demonstrations which do not dem
ols'rate anything, only Russia can preserve
becoming cheerfulness. She will be able 10
gear UP under the disappointment If &c prove TO
De merely treaty and not settlement which
the Berlin congress effected.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

Looked at from one point OF view 1t may seem
hard 10 have suspicion cast upon any one with
out pretty conclusive evidence, on the other
hand. &c is difficult to understood how the
heavy robberies perpetrated on one OF the
sleeping cars between this city and Baltimore
last Thursday night could have been so sue
cessfully consummated without the connivance
OF some one connected In some way with the
plundered car. Certainly, II here was no CON
plicity. there must at least have been neg
Egence Of the grossest kind on the part of
those charged with the care and comfort O: tue
passengers for the time being. 10 either event
the result was the same to the conhdng and
unfortunate victims. 1t Is to be hoped there.
lore, that some Of those who lost so heavily
VIII test the case IL the courts, ana ascertain
whether the company cannot be held reSp0n-
sioie Tor their losses. Whether its agents had
anything to do with the crime or not, nothing
can De clearer than that they could have pre-
vented it had they shown anything Ike the
care and igilance those travelling, under their
escort, were plainly entitled t.. . Whether the
laws Which make an Inn or lodging house
keeper provide for the safe-keeping OF val
Gabes belonging TO guests Or pay for them
If stolen from the house. apply aI5o to
sieepiDg-c ear companies, we do no. know,
But If they do not they certainly
should be made to. and that without unneces-
Safy delay. There Is just as much moral ODli-
CATION 10 the one case as in the other, and the
legal obligation should be the same In both
Either the car company should furnish safes. as
hotels do, whefe the yalUables OF It's guests
could be placed for security while they are
asleep, or 1t should take such precautions as
would entirely prevent theft5 and be held re
spOnSiblC Tor all losses should any occur. The
rates which sleeping car proprietor5 charge
travellers is so high that they can well afford
not OILY 10 provide better accommodations than
they now give but also protect them While
asleep from the tncursions OF thieves come
from what quarter they may. Instead OF the
conductor going comfortably to sleep In one
emo OF the car and the porter blacking boots in
the other, TO add TO his scanty wages. both
should be required TO keep awake aud on duty
all night.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

The inauguration committee or thirty have
organized tremendously and are ready TO % to
work. The organization is good one. Mr.. ].
W. Thompson, the president OF the MctropoN
tan bank, and thorough business man. Is the
Chairman, while another solid man. Ex-senator
tresweD, president OF the Citizens bank. is
treasurer. Col. ID. B. Anger. city postmaster.
Is vice Chairman, Mr.. A. L. Barber recording
secretary, and Col Ii. c. Corbin CORRESPONDING
secretary; all men OF energy ana thorough bust
ness habits Gel. Corbin WIN be remeul oered as
one OF the most ef1clent members OF the man
agement OF the Thomas statue inauguration.
AS some surprise was expressed by The star
that. IN view or his knowledge OF the hearty
cooperation OF the citizens OF Washington 10
making the statue celebration success. he did
not lnterpose word in their behalf when the
blatant Sypher was making lis dirty attack
upon them, 1t should be said that Col Corbtp
was not present at the time
In connection With the victory achieved by
the baltimore and Ohio railroad In securing a
terminus at New York, IT Is limited that the
Garrett Gould combination, known as the
American Union Telegraph company. propose
10 lay two ocean cables, should they fail to per-
feet working arrangement with the new
french cable compeny. AS regards the new
railroad arrangeIccr' s following upon the sue
cess N establishing d through line to New York,
II y stated that other connections made by the
baltmore and Ohio company, besides those
Win tne Reading and Bound Brook line. will
enaole them to make through ways bills to New
orleans, both from New York and western
clties. By the new program Cincinnati and
Chlcago Win get four express routes to the east
instead OF three, and through way bills will be
mace from New York to the tar west. In a
general way 1t is held that the arrangement WIN
act adversely 10 The old express companies
through the competition OF the railroad in Lac
same lire.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

A mare no charge 20 landlords for adyertts,o~
stsntI1 roperly' and Keep II before the pubic con
CITY tor sale. Alsn Houses in every eaction =, 'r,
from LUZ to $780, CO.,. Now is the time 10 bay
nove0 3. o. HOFFMAN. 10Th ana r.t
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22
PERSONAL.

WANIED-A Gentleman desires the society OF
w an sgreestle and intelligent Lady. from d Ia
20 Years OF age Address. in confidence IL. }" T..
U Box 35?. City. nov22-2t.
A LADY shout 30 years of age wishes to ret sc
n quainted with Gentleman about 30 or 40 years
OF age, with a View 20 friendship and perhaps INST
r1mony. II agreeable. Address Miss JENNIE
JUNES, Star Office. noy2O 2ts
John PATCH EXAMINES TITLES, reports AZ
= to the responsibility Of people with abstracts of
mems on real estate 5o6 10th st. NV. Office hours:
Z TO 10 M, to aud tc 10 pm. ocll-2m.
wv H. ALBURGER, succeesor 20 /. p. IIBBFY
W. MATCHMAKER and Jeweer has removed to
corner q 7th and sts. q. ia Drug Store, oppo
sue v. r ". eepi8
MADAM ROSS. the long established, reliable
1 Calryoyant and Astrolosist, gives better salts
faction IN all affairs of life than any in the pro-
fesslon tells the past. present and future destiny:
gives advice and assistance on all matters apper-
tanning 70 business, love aud mat-imony. ALL TX
TROUBLE CALL. Satisfaction given on. no pay
COMPUTATION Rooms 402 ID St.. above ID street
northwest. apo
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

TOLL ROCK AND RYE.
TOLB ROOK AND Rye.
T0LU ROCK AND RYE.
TOLU ROCK AND RYE.
Trade Mark secured.I
THE GREAT APPETIZER. AND SURE CURE
FOR COUGHS. COLDS. BRONCHITIS. ASTHMA.
CONSUMPTION. AND ALL DISEASES
OF THE THROAT AND LUNGS.
ro1u. The most acceptable preparation
TOLU.
TOLU.
TOLU. known for Bronchial. Pectoral and
TOIU.
TOIU.
TOLU. Pulmonary Affections. AN EXCEL
TOLU.
TOLU.
TOLU. LENT APPETIZER and TONIC. for
TOLU.
TOLU.
TOLU. general and family use. The immense
TOIU.
TOLD.
TOLU. and increasing sales and testimonials
TOLU.
TOLU.
TOLU. received daily are the best evidences
TOLU. Of its virtues and popularity.
TOLU.
TOLU.
TOLU. PUT UFI QUART-SIZE BOTTLES
TOLU.
TOLU.
TOLU. GIVING MORE FOR TIE
TOIU.
ToLU. MONEY THAN ANY
TOLU. -
ToLu. ARTICLE IN THE MARKET.
TOLU.
TOLU.
TOLU. PRICE 81 PER BOTTLE.
TOLU.
IOLU.
TOLU. CAUTION
TOLU. DON'T BE DECEIVED by unprin-
TOLU.- cipled dealers. who try to palm off
TOLU. common Rock and Bye in place of our
IOLU.' TOLU ROCK and BYE, which is the
ToLU. only INDICATED article made, the
TOLU. GENU1NEhav PROPRIETARY
TOLU. GOVERNMENT STAMP ON EACH
TOLU. BOTTLE.
TOLU. LAWRENCE Il MARTIN,
TOLU. PROPRIETORS,
ToLU. CHICAGO. ILLINOIS.
TOLU.
TOLU. SOLD BY DRUGGISTS, GROCERS
TOLU. and DEALERS EVERYWHERE.
TOLU.
j. &. EKGOOD & CO..
WHOLESALE AGENTS IN WASHINGTON, D. C.
A. VOGELER & CO..
nov -o-eol1M oAtIIMoNE.
Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-11-22

ENABE PIANOS.-Uneaualed In TONE,
IN TOUCH. WORKMANSHIP and DURA-
BILITY Prices as low consistent with $@3
thorough workmanship. GHeat bargains sIsEV
in ORGANS. TUNING, repairing, packing and
moving promptly attended to, at REICHEN-
BACH'S Piano Warerooms. No. 1913 18th street,
above Pennsylvania avenue. MOVIE
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15
NORTHERN CIVILIZATION
Submitted to the National Republi-
can Campaign Committee.

A dispatch from Hagertown,
Ind, says: A murder which oc-
Cured near a country school
house between Centreville and
Williamsburg, two weeks ago,
has just come to light. Two
school girls about Is years old,
daughters of wealthy parents,
were expelled from the school for
bad treatment of a schoolmate
of the same age, named Miss
Hates. While the latter was on
her way home after school they
assaulted her; one knocked her
down with a baseball bat, and
the other jumped on her and
broke four Of her ribs. Miss
Hates managed to crawl a short
distance to her home, and died
soon after communicating the
facts to her mother. According
to report, the parents of the as
sailants went to the murdered
girls mother and persuaded her,
by a bride of $4,000, to keep the
affair a secret. The facts, how
ever, leaked out through school
children who witnessed the as
sault, and have created much
excitement.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15
Funerals APPOINTED.

NASHVILLE, Tenn. Jan. TO-
The Supreme Court to-day af-
frmed the decision of the lower
Court sentencing Johh Hall and
Burrell Smith, known as the
Pugh murders, to be hanged
February Goth. Hall and Smith.
with several others under arrest,
murdered Major Pugh at MUIR
freesboro last May. Hall was
much downcast at the decision,
but Smith looked unconcerned.
This evening at the Jail they
made a full confession, but de-
clared that the other men under
arrest were innocent. Both are
negroes.
MEMPHIS, Jan. 10.-The Jury
to-day in the Criminal Court re-
turned a verdict of murder in the
first degree in the case of Henry
Smith. COL, tried for killing Cha
ney Long, COL, in 1877.
Chas. Wood, col, was to-day
sentenced to be hung March 18th
for the murder OF Mrs. w. G..
Foster last January. An APP
peal was taken to the Supreme
Court.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15

MemphisArdldnche With the
best soil and climate in the world
yet is Tennessee Stunned by
emigrants. Prejudice born Of
slavery, war and Reconstruction,
have hitherto prevented immigia-
ton. While these prejudices
have been gradually wearing a.
way, another obstcale, stronger
even than prejudice, has arisen
to prevent the flow of capital and
labor. And that obstacle in one
word is reputation. The people
Of Tennessee must stamp out re-
pudiation in every form, before
there can be any material adj
vance in wealth or population.
The question is pressing. The
discussion Of the question can be
no longer postponed. 1t over
shadows all political questions in
Tennessee. The leading news
papers of the State are speaking
out on Reputation with no I'M
certain sound.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15

The telephone is coming into
very extensive use in our large
commercial cities. In n. Y.
city the business of telephoning
has been systematized in he es-
adjustment of the Merchants
Telephone Exchange. As high
as 5000 messages have passed, by
the Exchange, in single day.
This is saving Of at least s.
600 miles travelling for message
boys and others. About coo
lines are connected with the Elk
change, aggregating about $50
miles, and extending to Brook
Ign, Jersey City, Newark, Or
an9e and other towns, and new
lines are added at the rate of
five a day.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15

They don't sweat and swear
about this. At the late election
in New York, Clarkson N. Pot
ter was candidate for Lieutenant
Governor. If all the ballots
cast for him on which his name
was misspelled, had been count
ed for him he would have been
elected; but he was counted out.
Some ballots had his name &C.
n. Potter" some "Clarkson M.
Potter" and others "Clarkson
N. Bother" All such ballots
were thrown out, and the result
was that Mr.. Potter was defeat
ed. Yet no one doubts that all
these misspelled ballots were hon
estly intended for Mr.. Potter.
But about this Outrage" not a
Republican has yet raised his
voice in holy horror.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15
The Utica On. " Herald, ed

The Utica On. " Herald, ed
tied by ex-Congressman Roberts,
is an able Republican journal.
Here is what it says in regard to
the nomination of Gen. Grant
for third term:
"The signs are mmistakable
that Gen. Grant can never re-
ceive another Presidential nomi-
nation at the hands of Repub-
lican convention without first en-
countering an organized and de-
termined opposition which would
be fatal TO his cordial united sup
port by the masses Of the party
in 1880. Two classes are still
clamoring for Grant. One class
includes the traders in politics,
who hope to see in his return TO
the White House the return of
their day of haryest.so rudely IN
terrupted; and the other and lar
ger class includes the army Of
moral towards, the timid folks
who are still oppressed by the
nightmare of the civil war, and
think that Grant is needed at
Washington to repel some imag-
inary attack on the capital
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15

Gov. Garcelon of Maine sub
mltted the questions of law IN
volved in the election troubles to
the judges of the Supreme Court
of that state, as provided by the
constitution. The judges being
all Republicans, and their posi-
tions being the gift of the repub-
lican party, they of course decid-
ell most of the points submitted
TO suit the hopes and desires of
their own party. As they re-
verscd some of their former de
cisions, in case Of party necessi-
ty in the future they can soon
reverse again their present de-
cisions. Political courts are a
convenient thing for a party in
distress.
Fayetteville observer. [volume] (Fayetteville, Tenn.) 1850-1966, 1880-01-15

The Philadelphia Press, hard
shell republican organ,' says: 1t
is an extraordinary fact that the
United States pension roll grows
larger from year to year. In the
course Of nature invalid soldiers
die; the widows Of the deceased
soldiers re-mar'y, and thus for
felt their pensions; all the chill
dren born during the war either
have passed or are fast approach
ing the age of 16, at which pen
sions cease; dependent mothers
are dropping off, and yet the ag-
gregate sum required to pay pen
sions is larger than ever before.