, 1880-07-31

luat 100 ~ q WuO pIcioJS kADl0 " EO~
rope-to "regenerate" the Turkish Govern
ment. No opinion could possibly be more en-
phatic than that of Sir Henry La yard, as given
In detail in bis long and grave despatch of 9th
April 1850. The British Ambassador. known TO
be prepossessed in favour of tbe Turks, and ex-
pressing even in this despatch bis bitter distrust
Of Bulgarians and Armsnians, admits openly
that be has no hope Of Turkish reform. He
declares that the Sultan is absolute, +" having
concentrated arbitrary power inIhis own hands,"
that nothing, small or great, can be accom-
plished without a reference to the Palace.
where delays are infinite, and where the Sultan,
under the influence of the ~fanatical party" is
ever reacy to give promises which are, unior-
~funately, not fulfilled, owing to the evil infu-
ences always ready to counteract the impression
that may have been made upon him by myself
or by any other foreign representative" TO
take only one instance. The Sultan had repeat
eddy promised Sir Henry Layard that Baker
Pssba should be raised to a high command in
Armenia, and had authorized the Ambassador
TO communicate this to the British Govern
ment but be gave him no command, and when
he at last sent Baker Pasha to Mesopotamia to
report, he sent with him a man, Suleiman Bey.
believed "to be exceedingly anti English" and
10 direct communication with bis Msjesty and
this man has done bis best to thwart Baker
Pasha upon every OCCASION" 'tNot one" OF
the promises under the Anglo-Turkish Conven-
ton has been fulfilled. Only three Of the En-
glish officers engaged to reform the gendar-
merle have been employed at all, and all the
remainder will In July be sent back to En-
gland. a Power which the Sultan not only dis
trusts. but dIslikes. 1.-THE persons about him
have succeeded 10 inspiring him with a profound
distrust and suspicion Of England. They have
Sndunod him ko hai:nuo a. L.. ~~.nnssor ~
Cyprus, the nomination of English military
Oonsuls In Asia Minor, the interest she shows
10 the Armenian population, and her peromptory
demands for the introduction Of reforms in
Asiatio Turkey. are so many proofs ola design
ofdaDnexing bis Asiatio territories. The !rrita-
ton against England now felt by the Sultan,
aud to some extent by his people, was first ex.
cited by her proposing at the Congress Of Ber-
lin the Austrian occupation of Bosnia and Her
zeg0vlna. 1t was greatly increased by the or
ders givec TO the Fleet la October last to pro-
Deed to Turkish waters. Public rumour attri-
buted it to q resolution. on their part, to compel
the Forte. by a hostile demonstration, to put
into execution the promised reforms in Asia
Minor. The Sultan was greatly alarmed"
Thare is in fact, nothing to be hoped from
the Sultan except futile promises, and still less
from the Pashas, who are worse than ever they
were. The most distinguished among these
latter have been sent away from Constantine
pie, where alone power resides, into honoura'
BILE exile, till only three of them remain,-
Mahmoud Nedlm, Safvet, and Khaireddin Pas
has being "the ouly men of no'e left in the CAPT.
tal.n The men who now govern and advise
among whom the principal is Osman Pashs, the
defender of Plevna, snd u stubborn Turk of the
old school-tell the Sultan TO ''do without Eu-
rope" and they have gradually, by doing with
out Europe" produced the following state of af-
fairs :-''Never, perhaps" writes Sir Henry
Layard, " was this empire in so disOrganlsed
and critical a state. This is admitted by
every impartial and intelligent Turk. In
any other country in the world, the injus-
tice, NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS., and misery which
at the present time prevail in Turkey would
have produced a general uprising of the popu-
~lations. That they should NOS have done so
hitherto may be attributed to the extreme pa
t%ience, long -sufering, and respect for the Head
of the faith which distinguish Mussulmans, and
to the difficulty OF uniting the people against
the Government, in, conseQ uence Of the diffsren-
ces of race and of the religious hatreds that
exist among them. But there are signs that
the present state of things cannot long coti-
nue.. 10 Syria, dstestation of Constansinople
rule and a determination TO cast it of, appear to
form a bond of union between the (Arab) Mus
sulmans and the Christians. In Asia Miu0r, for
various reason, there's is less prospect for the
present of o similar understanding between
them. The state of Arabia, according to all
accounts, is very critical, and q formidable
insurreotion against the Turkish Government