davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05

constitutional war against Sovereign States.
Mr.. Bayard counselled resistance 10 the
Washington tyranny; and he expounded, in
the following cautious bu. significant pas
sage, the doctrine of State Supremacy from
which secession and all its miseries flowed:
'Iou and are citizens of Delaware. To
her laws and Government we owe allegiance.
1hrough our State we owe allegiance to the
Federal Government, of which she is men,
Der. But as State officials can command us
TO no duty unknown TO State laws, neither
can Federal officer claim any authority
over us in matters not within his constitu-
tional and legal control A palpable infrac
ton of our written charter of government by
our rulers justifes dsobedience upon the
part of a citizen, rs much as lawful orders
are entitled 10 loyal compliance"
This was in harmony with the language Of
another speaker, who declared that Della
ware would give neither money nor men for
the war, but would insist that the seeded
States should be governed by free people in
whatever manner they chose to he govern
ed" Mr. Bayard declared that he did not
wish to preserve the Union at the cost of n
war lie said:
The stern fact is still before us, and but
two alternatives present themselves. Snail
we make war upon and subjugatc this new
Confederacy, or shall we peacefully treat
with them and consent to their self-govern-
mcnt, trusting 10 time, which is the great
healer of all wrongs and passions, TO bring
them again voluntarily into a common gov
ernmcnt with us? And is such Il
war necessary for the peace and happiness
of the United States For half a century we
have lived at peace with Great Britain, with
her Canadian possessions upon our northern
border. Upon the south Mexico holds her
government with no threats of trouble to us
or our citizens. Why, then, may not two
American confederacies exist side by side
without conflict, each emulating the other in
the progress of civilization
Shall this earnest cry for peace be stifled ut
the bidding of host of fanatical and cow
ardy editors, aided by an army of greedy
contractors and public leeches, stimulating
an ignorant mob to denounce and attack MS
as traitors Ind scccssionists! We know 1t
shall not, and this day do We proclaim our
duty to our country and our intention to per-
form it,
Mr. Bayard appears in this speech as one
of the politicians who believed that the
Union was not worth fighting for. Perhaps
he has thought better of it of late years; and
perhaps not. He held-and probably still
holds-a political theory which makes the
coercion of State under any circum-
stances an unwarrantable act of tyranny.
And it is safe 10 say that no such defender
of secession or denier of the National SOW
ereignty can become President in hurry.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05
The Debt Burdens Of Nations.

Our national debt is certainly as large rs
We could wish it, and the burden Of taxation
as heavy; but we have the consolation-if it
be onc-that the other great nations of the
world are worse off than We are. The United
States Consul-General at Frankfort, Ger
many, has recently sent to the State Depart
ment some interesting figures bearing on this
point, which show a large and steady increase
of public expenses during the last fifteen years
in all the governments of Europe, and heavy
additions TO their national debts, with the
single exception of Great Britain, which has
slightly reduced her debt. In gratifying con-
trast to this the expenses of our government
are diminishing and our national debt has
been reduced about seven hundred million
dollars during the period. In 1879, the az
gregate public expenses of Germany were
S314, 1906, 900. Austria, S29l, $50, 900; France,
1867, 1885,, 000 Great Britain, S4O6, $50, 600 /;
Russia, SSH, 100000; Italy, secs. 14O, 900 /;
Spain, SAB, &c, 900. In the United States
they were about S237, 900, 900, or less than
Germany by 1000, 600; less than Austria
Hungary by S54, 100000 less than France
by $3.50, DOC, 600; less than Great Britain by
$4,000, 600 less than Russia by Se74, 000,-
600, and less than Italy by S3l, 900, 900.
The national debt of Germany is Sl.047,-
200, 600; Austria, S2OO5, $50, 900; France,
SO, 927, 100000; Great Britain, S3,7O4, 49,
600; Russia, s2,s56, 900, 900; Italy, 1914.
AGO, 900; Spain, S2,499, 600, OOO The total
public debt of Europe has risen from Sl2,-
5O3, 900, 900 in 1865 TO 500, 5S5, 900, 900 in
1879. On the other hand, the public debt of
the United States has during the same time
steadily and vastly diminished. In 1865
that debt, as then audited and ascertained,
amounted to 81, ESQ, 6i7, 500. whereas on the
first of December 1878, it had diminished to
81, 027, Ala 325, reduction during thirteen
years of over S653, 600, 900. The debt of
the United States is now less than that Of
France, Great Britain, Russia or SPAN, and
very little more than that of Austria Hun
gary or Italy. For military and naval pur
poses the following amounts were expended
in 1879: Germany, S10l, 6e6 900; Austria,
$50. GA 900; France, SIPS, 100000; Great
Britain, Sl53, $40, 900; Russia, Sl73, $40, 900
Italy, S44, 030, 900; Spain, S2S. $50, 900. Be
sides these gigantic figures the cost of the
military and naval armament of the United
States seems trifling, and there seems to be
little prospect at the present time of any ma
terial reduction in the immense military bur
dens borne by European countries. The
present situation is that Of an armed truce.
In Germany, for example, the tendency is
toward an increase rather than a reduction of
military forces, and bill having such in
crease in view is now pending in the i'm
perial Parliament.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05
CONGRESSIONAL.

The five per cent Refunding bill, in which
eighteen States have direct pecuniary in
terest, and which takes from the National
Treasury at least four million of dollars as a
'pot" to be divided, would not stay indefi-
nitely postponed, and on Friday Its friends
succeeded in carrying motion postponing
the further consideration of the bill until
December next Mr. Edmunds and the
other opponents of the bill protested against
this postponement, declaring that the bill had
been discussed at length and fairly defeated {;
but the Senators from the States interested
were SO pathetic and so earnest in their en-
treaties that n number of those who voted
against the bill on Wednesday relentcd and
voted for the definite postponement.
Mr. Edmunds presented on Friday me-
mortal from E. S. &. Tracy and large
number of citizens, asking Congress to take
some action looking to an improvement in
the methods and rates of railroad transporta-
fion
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05
The Reform School.

The whole number of boys December /.
was 1873, 1873; committed since that time,
81: returned from furlough. 11-161;
number furloughed. 40; died, 3; escaped
6; remaining in school February 6, 1O3; or
20 less than year ago.
The Board at their recent meeting rec
commended 20 more for furlOugh. The
Governor believed that as many more might
70, with some systematic effort to get good
places for them, and that with proper al
lowance for probable commitments the
number could be reduced to IS or lass, and
that with this number-but little more than
one-half the number in the institution when
the law was passed-the question in re-
gard to engagements of the main building
was very different one now from what
it was when acted on by the Legislaturetan
that it ought TO be referred to them again.
Besides the reduced numbers there are
other good reasons, the question OF some
useful employment, of fixing some limit to
the term of confinement, of adopting some
more efficient and systematic system for
securing good homes, and others, why the
whole subject should be considered by the
Legislature.
The act provides for building two wings
and of course the appropriation must be
lieve the number of boys can be reduced to
60 or less and kept within that number.
The number of commitments has been
growing less, being but 81 for the last IA
months, while it was SO in 1873 and 81 in
1877. AT the present rate of commitments
if they were kept an average of three years
each, the number would be reduced to 80.
The commitments are likely to continue to
be less than heretofore. The law of 1876
requires towns to pay fifty cents per week
for support of boys sent from the town.
This has a tendency to prevent commit
ments for the mere purpose of relieving
town of the support of pauper children.
Many Of the boys are more unfortunate than
erring. They have come from unhappy
homes and been under bad influences, but
have committed only trifling offences and
have been sent to the school more to keep
them out of harms way than for any crimi-
nal act
1t is most noble charity and Mr.. and
Mrs. Fairbanks care for the children under
their charge is deserving of all commenda-
ton, but like all institutions of the kind
there is danger that the paternal care Of the
State may be carried to extremes and boys
sent or retained there who might much bet
ter have place provided with some good
farmer where the home influence and the
opportunity to learn useful calling would
be more reformatory than could be possible
in a large school of this kind--Rutland
Uer1H
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05
For the Free Press,
The Caucus.

The security and peace of our country and
the stability of American institutions rests
upon ill.,, ballot box If majoritics are allow
ed to rule they cannot commit gross errors
and it,iustice and continue in power. As
the running sands of an hour glass, so
the people who desire peace and pros
perity will desert the party whose leaders
delight in fraud or are intensely selfish.
The voice of the people begins 10 he
heard far back of the ballot-box. At
the caucus where delegates arc chosen
to the nominating conventions, the will
of the people should begin TO take form. AT
the convention it is still further developed,
and at the ballot box the verdict of the peo-
pie is truly rendered The vote there either
confirms the work of the caucus and convcn-
ton, or sets it aside
Each party has right to call its
members together and secure their seclu-
sion by admitting them by tickets if
such precaution is deemed advisable.
The members of other parties have not
right TO attend, even as spectators, if the
town committee who call the meeting,
or the members of the party object
to their presence The Democrats and
Greenbackers have no right to vote in
Republican caucus, even under the plea that
they intend to vote for that candidate al the
election whom they favor in caucus. The citi-
zen can vote for whom he pleases at election,
but the number of delegates each town is en-
titled TO in a party convention depend upon
the number of votes that the party cast for
Governor at the last election in that town.
Those voters at the last election are the ones
TO hold the caucus.
Converts from other parties must wait un-
til election to show their new born political
faith and not try to direct the caucus. If a
party notify caucus to be held in the
town hall, it does not follow that citizens
of every party can attend because
it is town hall and their taxes built
it. 1t is one of the rights that the citizens
have in this country to convene together for
the transaction of business, and when thus
convened no persons of different religious or
political or scientific opinions can rightfully
take charge of the meeting and prevent its
purpose.
We are at the commencement OF an eX-
citing political campaign. know that in the
last campaign that the Republican caucus
often included Democrats of the strongest
type double and twisted dyed in the wool
and warranted to wash" who voted with
regularity and diligence in electing delegates
to Republican convention.
This was practiced in many towns, and by
such methods a man was sent to Congress
who was satisfactory candidate for the
Greenbackcr and for the Democrat, but was
not satisfactory to the Republicans before
the election or since the election.
This year each party had best hold its own
caucuses and nominate men who are in full
sympathy with the party in its past record,
its present standing and its future purposes :;
then let majorities rule. z. f. J.
Irashurgh Feb. 23d
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05

VOTE taken among the members Of the
massachusetts House of Representatives, on
Friday showed the preferences ofthe Repub-
Lean members for President TO be AS fol.
lows: For Sherman &c, Blaine &c, Grant 90
Edmunds 16, Hayes u, Washburne 8. Gar
field .. For second choice they stood as fol
lows: For Edmunds &c Sherman Is. Grant
Is, Washburnc II, Blaine -, Garfield 3
These iignres show both the extensive
division as regards preference among the
Massachusetts Republicans, and the marked
favor with which nur Vermont Senator il
regarded in the Bay State For first choice
his name ranks Pretty well up towards the
three l,adlns ramrs. while for second cloicr
his name leads all The rest. If the Selection
Of candidate were to fall Ia the Massnchu-
sets iion,r, il is plain hat Mr.. Edllnunds
would be the nominee. The Democrats in
the same body stood 10 for Bayard, 8 for
Tilden, for Hancock, 3 for Butler and ono
each for Mcclellan ard Seymour: for their
second choic"9 were for Eayarl. 6 for Han
cock. . far Butler, / for Thurman and 3 for
Tilden.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05

NJ. De LEssErs, having arrived in New
capital for his gigantic 1sthmus canal
scheme, which, according to ther report of his
engineers, can he completed in eight years,
at cost of S16S, 100000. He says that the
idea that there is secret understanding be-
tween England, France and Germany, rela-
tive 10 the projected canal, is absurd; that
he does not seek government or legislative
aid, and will not go before Congress. In re-
gard to the Monroe doctrine, he said nobody
must try and combat it, for in it lay the
safety of the American people. He intended
TO make arrangements for syndicate to sell
bonds in the United States, and would offer
over half the subscriptions in America
There would not be over Sl20, O0O,O 900 in
bonds issued. The Boston Trdreller says
that De Lesseps is but pursuing the Bona
partist tradition, to which he is personally
and politically attached. Louis Napoleon
had actually obtained charter from Mica
ragua, and was seeking 10 interest European
III .iiisi .NaRoieoh VIZ -NAea-
ragua." when the revolution of 1913 gave his
ambition larger field for its activity. NJ.
De Lesseps was and is an ardent Bonapart-
list. His mother was :. Spanish lady and
cousin of the family of the Count of Montijo,
father OF the Empress Eugenie When
Sedan sealed the doom of the Empire, it was
on the friendly arm of NJ. DE Lesseps that
Eugene took her hurried departure from the
Tuileries. His Panama scheme may be re-
garded, therefore, as an effort TO realize one
of the long cherished dreams of the fallen
Bonapartist faction. 1t is French in its in
ception. and, if completed, it will be dis
tinctively French enterprise. The Trdreller
adds:
We do not say that French capital ought
not TO be allowed to embark in this under
taking, but before a single spade is turned
on the Isthmas, our government must make
itself clearly understood that foreign armed
occupation of Panama would, under no con-
dition, he tolerated We make no doubt
that the French government will pledge itself
to respect our claims in this regard, if they
are now promptly and distinctly put for
ward France has all she can attend to at
home, and TO watch events on the other side
of the Rhine, without mourning any new
risks and responsibilities on this side of the
world
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05
Senator Bayari CT Secession and State
Allegiance.

An address delivered by the Hon Thomas
+. Bayard, at peace meeting in Dover,
Delaware, during the Summer of 1861, has
just been reprinted. The assemblage was
described in some Of the newspapers of the
day as secession convention" and Ger
tainly in the character of the speeches and
esolutions and the behavior of the audience.
who cheered for the Confederate States and
for JEFF Davis, there was abundant reason
for denouncing the proceedings as dsloyal
and almost rebelious The meeting was
held on the 9th Of June, nearly five months
after the organization of the Confcderacy and
Fort Sumter, and the attack upon Massachu.
sets troops in the streets Of Baltimore. and
two months after the seizure of IIarper's
Ferry and the Norfolk Navy Yard and the
proclamation of the blockade Eleven States
were in armed rebellion against the Federal
Government Congress had been summoned
in extra session to provide means for carry
ing on the sirugge; the second call for
troops had been made and volunteers were
flocking 10 Washington faster than the Gov
eminent could arm them. 1t was at this
period that the people Of Dover, Delaware,
called a mass meeting to dcnouncc President
Lincoln as a traitor and Il ''despot, and the
war AS an ''unhpiy crusadlr" and 10 demand
the surrender of the prclcnlinns Of the Ma
tional Government and the recognition Of the
independence of the Confcdcracy Mr.. Bayard
was the orator Of the occasion. His speech
was reprinted the other day by the New
York SIM; and has been since copied and
defended by the New York WorM There is
no doubt Of its authenticity. In it Mr. Bay
ard asserted that Abraham Lincoln and his
Cabinet had ''inauguratcd the war;" and
driven" four States out of the Onion His
action in making war against our brethren
OF the South" was declared TO he con-
temptuous disregard of the charter of
government. lie had Summoned "a gigan-
tic army, and that too for an extended time,
exceeding the term limited by the Constiiu-
ton for the appropriation to support armed
forces. in order to levy an unjust and un-
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05

LITTLE passage OF arms the other day be.
tween Senators Edmunds and Thurman has
leaked out of executive session. As reported
Thurman was quietly listening and smoking
when Eduunds objected 10 the confirmation
OF 4 certain Ohio nominee. Thurman, put
ting aside his cigar and springing TO his feet,
said: Mr. President, had not intended to
say single word upon This matter, but the
Senator from Vermont has thrown brick a,
an Ohio man, and ! must resent that" Mr..
Edmunds, with assumed seriousness. retort.
ed, You cant throw brick in any direc-
ton these days without striking an Ohio
man "
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05

Is the last number of Hd,per's Weekly
Mast pays tribute TO the ability and fidelity
which have characterized Supt Henry L.
Lambs administration of the New York Bank
Department. \ full page cartoon entitled, "A
fable which is not all a fable" represents a
savings bank sore besct by a pack of hungry
wolves, and safely guarded against their bot
tomless Unsuitable appetites by "a lamb who
is not black sheep Tie wolves are labor
ing with all their might to get at the savings
contained in the bank, while the lamb is
standing serene on top of the institution. The
picture is an endorsement of Mr.. Lambs off,
cial record as emphatic as deserved.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05

4 VIGOROUS push of the Edmunds boom
kept up until June may give him place
with Gen. Grant on the Presidential ticket if
Elaine finally refuses to take it.-Boston
7rdrellp
We have no idea that Senator Edmunds
would accept the second place on the ticket
His present position in the Senate is really a
much higher one than that Of its presiding
officer
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05

CONGRESS has entered upon the fourteenth
week of the session, and yet none of the
regular business, with the exception of the
passage Of 4 lew unimporant bills, has been
transacted. Even the hills making appro-
priations to supply Deficiencies in the appro-
priations for the present fiscal year have been
Withheld, although they could and should
have been passed before the Christmas holi.
days. The only instance in which there has
been prompt action by the House of Repre-
sentatives was on the passage of bill voting
supplies for the Star mail service at the
South and far West, concerning which there
has been much scandal.
Burlington weekly free press. [volume] (Burlington, Vt.) 1866-1928, 1880-03-05
NOTES AND NOTES.


Widow Butler is flirting with Democracy.
As this is leap year the party must stand it.
''Sweet are the uses of university" said
the s;-i uhnn n senior asked her to go to the
concert.
A Nevada editor wrote of dead orator
Death has turned off his gas
There are sill plenty of Ohio men who
would like to be Gar and live in the Win
ter Palace.
Life is made up of little things, in which
smiles and kindnesses given habitually are
what win and preserve the heart and secure
comfort Humphrey DAIRY.
Barry Cornwall says;
Marchi A cloudy stream is flowing,
And hard steel blast is blowing;
Bitterer now than remember
Ever to have felt or seen
In the depths of drear December,
When the white doth hide the green.
The ow.er of portion of the Gettysburg
battlefield has claim before the Congress
sional Committee for the rent of the ground
while the battle was being fought.
Somebody calls Alexander II. Stephens the
conscience of the Democratic party. If he
IS, that accounts for his diminutive size.
The New Haven Register, in view of Rev.
Joseph Cooks departure, is preparing ''lo
shed the molecule of a protoplasmic tear.
Gambetta has been ordered to give up
smoking for fear of losing his voice. The
Car has given it up for fear the Nihilists
would poison his tobacco.
A Kansas man walked 20 miles 10 Kansas
City, expecting to hear Queen Victoria sing
in Her Majesty's opera troupe.
The Rev Newman Hall has had his de-
cree of divorce made absolute. His wife Of:
ferel no opposition. but in II letter To the
London Times made protest.
Prof. Proctor says that he finds the inter
est in scientific matters much more widely
spread in America than in England, more
people attending lectures here and reading
and thinking inleligently upon these sub
jects.
The English Whitehall Reeie0 says: The
appointment of Gen. Grant as American
minister to England despite his reputed
Presidential aspirations. would have been
popular on both sides of the Atlantic, but
tfaute de mieur) Mr.. Lowell will be warmly
welcomed
1t NAV interest American dancers 10 learn
TINT the Liverpool lurcl" and the Boston
dip" are no longer the fashion, having been
replaced by the Brighton GRIP and the
'Southsea cuddle."
If Shelley had lived until TO- day, his cele-
brated couplet might haye been modelled
thus:
.Czars are like stars-ihey rise and set-they have
The worship of the world, hut no repose"
The Sun, having expressed doubt whether
Mr.. Tidcn had THAT stamina which is
necessary to carry man through the ordeal
of canvass for the Presidency, the Worti
thinks what Sammy lacks is not that stamina
but those Tammany
William H. Vanderbilt is the owner OF
S3l 500, 900 United States registered bonds
Yet he is neither the proprietor OF finaiore
company nor the inventor of the new game of
Fifteen.
Vcnnor ought to go to Savannah. They We
only had one snow storm there IN nine years
The World says the conductor who can
keep himself urspottcd will grow rich.
London Truth says that everybody has
something of the cat in his disposition and a