davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-06-26

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The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
Swedish Railways.

OfSwedish railways I was told that
some are managed by the state, while
Others, like our own, are private under
takings for the benefit of the share
holders. In either case the motto
"slow and sure" seems that adopted by
the management. The trains are always
slow, and generally sure to be behind
time at the terminus. In either case,
moreover, the arrangement ofthe trains
seems specially adapted to the public
inconvenience. The time tables appear
to be constructed on the plan of discom-
fortihg the traveller as much as it is pos
sihle, and giving him the fullest chance
to exercise his patience. AS rule he
day, and must be thankful for the privi-
lege. He may take, say an express,
which starts at A NJ, to carry him
half way, with the chance Of his just
missing II train that may convey him
the remainder of his journey; or he may
elect to wait till somewhat later in the
day, when a through train is provided,
which will go ut n snail's pace, and land
him at his destination about midnight.
If he wants to catch steamboat, which
nominally plies in conjunction with the
railroad, his fate may be far worse, and
day or two may pass ere the transit be
completed. Seen simply on the IN Up and
studied in the time tables, the journey
may seem facile and feasible enough;
but when put in execution the plans
which have been formed with an infini-
tude of troublemay prove of little profit.
Obstacles start up ut every stage along
the route. Trains are so delayed that
they fail to fit in as they are announced;
a rattle trap vehicle breaks down upon
the road between the railway and the
boat; or some ingenious misprint is dis
covered. when too late, which is fatal to
the hope of accomplishing the journey
within the time appointed. Grumblers
who growl over the bewilderments OF
Bradshaw, should set themselves the
task of working out the problem of a
short cross-country trip by the figures
which are furnished in the SvertgeS
Komn,,taaitatio,aer the travellers who
complain when the tidal train from Paris
is some five minutes late should learn to
exercise their patience by a little tour in
Sweden.-Good Words.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
Sudden Deaths,-ApOpIeXy.

In apoplexy blood vessel of the
brain gives way, and the blood accum-
ulates near its base, and pressing on the
cranial nerves, on which the action of
the vital organs depends, cuts off the
flew of nervous force to the latter.
A slighter effusion may cause only
paralysis, from which the patient may
recover, the wound healing, and the
blood being gradually taken up and
carried off by the absorbents.
Sometimes the serous portion of the
blood escapes through the pores of the
vessels sufficiently to occasion n similar
result.
Free-livers are especially liable to
apopleXy. They keep the vessels too
full and the current too strong. More
blood always goes to the brain than else
where; its vessels are particularly weak,
and as age approaches they grow brittle
through a tendency to become more or
less ossitied. Besides, the vessels of the
brain are subjected to a special strain in
consequence of the contraction OF its
vessels during sleep and the sudden IN
rush of blood on waking.
There is no doubt that some persons
inherit tendency to apopleXy, though
it is quite likely that they have also in
IleilIou d IcnuenCy lO luAullouS wing
Let them abjure their habit in this re-
spect, and probably the sudden stroke
which prostrated a father in death may
never overtake them.
The use OF wine or spirit with ones
dinrer increases the tendency to an
apoplectic attack, as it greatly quickens
the action OF the heart; augments the
power with which that central forcing.
num N throws tho hlood into the en- oorppd
cerebral arteries.- Youths Companion
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
Notes on Department.

Keep your nails pared. and keep paired
yourself. -blessedness is an empty
mockery.
Part your hair neatly Part your for.
tune fairly.
Toe out, not in. Especially if you are
an employer, you would better turn out
your feet than your hands.
Keep your face cleanly shaved, and
stop there. Don't shave YOUR customers.
Don't talk with your mouth filled
with food. And there is no call for
your talking much under normal con-
ditions.
Keep your clothing well brushed. If
you have no brush, tell you wife how
you long for your mothers cookery. and
you will have one instanter.
See that your collar button is secure
before you leave home in the mornirg .
Else you will find your choler rising be-
fore night.
When talking, don't keep fumbling
your face, as though you were lingering
a musical instrument.
Don't smoke in the presence of ladies'
This does not apply to the meerschaum
and brier pipes your lady friends have
given you from time to time. Smoke
in these ladies' presents as often as you
please.
Don't walk the streets with your cane
or umbrella thrust under your arm ut
right angles with your body. The
policeman may take you for cross and
take you up.
Don't interrupt person in his talk.
The natural limit of mans life is three
score years and ten, and he can't go on
forever.
Never put your knife in your mouth.
The mouth is a very poor place to keep
n knife. Apt to make it rusty.
Don't tuck your napkin under your
shirt collar. The waiter may think you
would steal it,
Never say L WON'T" even if it be
your wont to feel that way.
Don't speak so low that YOU have to
be asked TO repeat everything that you
have said. The second time of saying
thing will frequently impress you with
its flatness.
Don't speak so loud that everybody's
ears are outraged. 1t may injure your
trachea.-BoSt0n transcript.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12

The London Building Netos says that
the extraordinary den and for Italian
marble has raised question as to how
long the quarries are likel y to hold out.
According TO report of the French
geological commission there yet remains
n considerable surface and depth of the
true Pentelican marble untouched, but
no specific statements are given on this
heap. At Carrara a dreadful waste OF
material goes on. A late traveller was
assured on the spot that hundreds Of tons
are needlessly thrown away through
sheer carelessness and the clumsiness of
workmen. Much of this exquisite ma
terial is removed in enormous masses
for the decoration of commonplace edi-
fees. The Italians are at length becom-
ing alive to this. The Iuarries have
been worked almost without intermis-
sion since the days of the Roman EN-
perors. A little community of sculp-
Tors is established around the quarries,
and the artists chisel is piled almost
side by side with the marble mason's
saw. The marble goes everywhere.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12

| beds of other minerals, especially iron,
abound. In the development of manu-
factories of all kinds, giant forward
strides have also been made. OF cotton
factories alone there are over 1000 in
tile country.
Now turn and lock at our remarkable
literary advancement within the same
period. At the breaking out of the
revolution the colonists possessed but
nine colleges, among them Yale and
Harvard; now there are about 300 SINH
lar institutions in this country, while
the development of the common school
system, from scanty beginnings, with
few books, ETC., to the establishment of
numerous fine school-houses, and the
furnishing of all that can render educa-
tion easily and cheaply obtainable by
the multitude, has been much greater
feature of our progress.
But these educational results have
been to.a great extent made only posi-
bile by the wonderful achievements of
the modern printing press, which, in
turn owes heavy debt to those great
Improvements in our facilities for
manufacturing paper, that alone have
rendered the latter article sufficiently
plentiful to meet the enormous demands
of the press, and that alone enable us to
buy cheap school-books, as well as
cheap periodicals of everv kind.
Our great progress in journalism is
shown by the fact that in 1875 there
were in the United States less than forty
newspapers and periodicals whose ag-
gregate issue for that year comprised
,, 10000 copies; now the united press
publishes over 500 daily newspapers,
more than 1000 weeklies, and. about
600 monthly publications; of the dailies
that existed in 1870, about 5000, 600
copies were struck off that year; of the
weeklies, about GOO, 600, 900; and of other
serial publications, about 100000, 900,
amounting in all to 1900, 900, 900 copies.
And to sum the matter up yet more
forcibly, it must be stateo that the
United States publishes more news
papers, with greater combined circula-
zion, than all the other countries of the
world can together boast of having.
The history of the postal department
of the government presents an interest,"
ing feature of our national growth.
Shortly after the close of ITS, it was
estimated that there were about fifty
pos toflices in the United States. There
is still to be seen in the postal depart
ment in the city of Washington, n small
book containing about fifty sheets of
foolscap paper, and in this book the en-
tire accounts of the general postoffice
department were kept. In 1889, when
the confederacy was supplanted by the
present form of national government.
the number of postoflices was about
seventy-five; the annual income from
them about S2S,O00; annual expendi-
lures, S32, 900; and the combined length
of postroads reached about 1900 miles.
At the present time this country contains
over $4,000 postoffices, with an aggre-
gate length of postroutes of 100000
miles; the annual revenue amounts to
$23, ,000.t 90. and the annual expenditures
to S29, 900. 0.000.-Pdper World.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
Three Persons Hard to Kill.

Evidently it is not the height or
depth of a fall, but the manner of alight-
ing, that kills people. An old man near
Fremont, Ohio, was drawing water
from twenty-foot well. The bucket
slipped off the hook, and he slipped and
dived after it. The water was ten feet
deep, else he might not have recovered
his presence of mind and scrambled up
the stone wall.
But that is not circumstance to the
exploit reported from st. Louis. A
workman fell off the St. Charles bridge,
and in descent of fifty feet turned
several somersaults and alighted on his
head, -Uhich came in contact with
limestone rock. Then the unfortunate
yet wonderful man rolled into the river
and disappeared, but was soon rescued
by his fellow workmen, and is merely
waiting for scalp wound six inches
long to heal.
These remarkable falls are both dis
tanced, however, by that of boy who
fell from top to bottom of Plattsburg
mine l20 feet deep, and will live, it is
thought, despite a shattered arm and a
broken jaw and bruised side.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
A Postage Stamp Mystery.

Within half dozen years n business
in connection with postage stamps has
grown up, causing at times very
aggravated amount of worriment and
labor. Some one informs child or a
benevolent adult that the sum of one
hundred dollars will be given for one
million stamps that have been already
used on letters. The use to which they
are put is not generally explained.
Sometimes it is said they are for the
manufacture of papier-mache. At
other times it is solen.nly stated that
they can be sold to persons whose lives
are devoted to the endowment of hos
pital-beds at one hundred dollars
apiece. Again it is said there is an ex-
traordinary demand for Cancelled old
stamps in a part of China where they are
used to paper walls OF houses, the style
of decoration having some mysterious
effect in averting calamity, and especial
ly in saving the lives OF little children
who would be devoured by their hungry
parents or friends but for the saving
charm of the old stamps on the walls.
There is probably scarcely one OF our
readers who has not assisted in the col
lection of old stamps to make up the
million that some friend has undertaken
heard of has been able to ascertain that
it has yielded hundred dollars which
have been applied to real or pretended
benevolent object. A strong presump-
tion exists in reasoning minds that there
isa fraud in the business. Everyone
knows that many stamps go through the
mails uncanceled. or with the canceling
marks so indistinct hat they can easily
be removed. Probably at least ten per
cent. of the whole number used could
be made serviceable second time. In
1000, 900 old three-cent stamps, costing
800, l00,0 900 could be used over again,
and these would be worth $4,000 to the
parties buying the million stamps for
800. The profit from the business is
thus seen to be enormous.
The British postofiice department has
for some years found that the amount OF
stamps upon the letters it carries ex-
ceeds the amount issued to the public,
and of course the excess must consist OF
old stamps from which the cancellation
has been obliterated. A new penny
stamp has been devised, printed with
inks that are intended to set at defiance
the various devices by which an old
stamp is made to look as good as new.
Whether the plan will succeed is un-
known. But the fact that more stamps
are used on letters in Great Britain than
are issued by the department shows that
the fraud is extensively practiced, and
leads to the inference that consider
able number of each million of old
stamps collected and sold are used
again on letters. instead of helping to
endow hospital and save Chinese
children from cannibalism.-Phtladel.
,,b;o R,,11of;,,
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
Diamond Making.

Anew York paper says that trying TO
mako diamonds will beat least until
they have been made-an interesting
su Inject to the majority of men. The
late effort of James Mactear, of Glas.
cow, to produce diamonds artificially
is by no means the first that has been
made. The earliest experiments of anv
Importance were recent, however-only
fifty-two years since Latour and Gan
nall, the French chemists, then pre-.
sented pure pieces of crystalized carbon
to the academy of sciences, and caused
thereby the greatest excitement, thereby
supposing that the secret of making
diamonds had been discovered. The
result proved that the small crystals,
although transparent, brilliant and
harder than quartz, would neither scin-
tillate nor refract rays of light suffi-
GENTLY to render them valuable. Not
withstanding that they were composed
of the same material as diamonds, they
had little beauty. They were sub
mitted to the heat-test, as Mactear's
crystals were, but like his, they under
went no perceptible change. Cham
pigny, director of q celebrated diamond
firm in Paris, pronounced them genuine; |;
whereupon followed the great diamond
panic (l928), which affected the whole
commercial globe. A few years later
the French savant, Despretz, again
startled the world by announcing that
he had produced artificial diamonds.
His method was to fix n cylinder of
pure carbon to the positive pole of n
weak Daniel pile, and n platinum wire
to the negative pole, ard then to plunge
both poles into acidulated water. In
two months the negative pole was COW
cred with black coating, which was
sent to Gaudin (Marc Antoine) to be
tested on hard stones. Mixed with a
little oil, the black particles would
polish rubies, and as the diamond alone
will do this, Gaudin did not hesitate to
declare the particles diamond dust, a
conclusion generally accepted at the
time by. men of science. The question,
"Can diamonds be made artifciallyP"
is still open, and many chemists feel
sure that it will ere long be answered
in the affirmative by experiments abso-
lhtely successful. They have already
been produced in material, though net
in properties. 1t is thought that these
may be obtained by cutting the crystals
differently from what they are now cut
more remarkable than the discovery
made by Enguiner (1456) in producing
facets, and perfected by Coster in max
ing planes on the Kohl moor. The
effect of such n discovery may be con-
iectnred by reference to the diamond
panic of 1928. 1t would revolutionize
values, and create a prodigious commo-
ton in both hemispheres; but the COM
motion wouldabate in due time, and good
would unquestionably result. The
value of all the diamonds in royal treas
uries, in mercantile, titled, and private
hands, and elsewhere, is stupendous.
1t has been estimated at five billions,
or according to the French enumeration,
5000, 900 600. To destroy capital to
that amount would upset for time the
worlds. commerce, were the capital
active. But the capital locked up in
diamonds is wholly dormant.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
EdisOn's System of Electric Lighting.

Mr.. Edison's idea in regard 20 the
electric light was tuat, in all respects,
it should take the place of gas. Follow
ing the analogy of water, the inventor
conceived of system which would re-
semble the Holly water works. AS the
water is pumped directly into pipes
which convey it under pressure to the
point where it is to be used, so the cleo
tricity is to be forced into the wires and
delivered under pressure at its destin-
alton. In the case of water, after being
used, it flows away by means OF sewer
pipe and is lost. But it is easy to imag-
inc that the water used in working
machinery, for instance, instead of be-
ing lost, might be returned to the pumps
and used over and over again With
such system as this, we should have a
perfect analogy to the Edison electric
lighting system. The electricity, after
being distributed under pressure and
used, is returned to the central station.
AS the light results from no consump-
tion of material, but is mere transmu-
tation OF the energy exerted in the
pumping process, it is therefore seen
that all which is essential to an electric
lighting system is the generator Tor
pump), the two lines of wire, one dis
tributing the electricity, the other bring
ing it back, and lamp which trans
mutes into light the energy carried by
the electricity when it passes from one
wire to the other, and in which the
energy of the pressure expresses itself
as the light. In Edison's invention the
amount of electricity delivered in the
lamp is determined sby the size and re-
sistance in the carbon, just as in water
the amount of flow is determined by the
size of the openings. As a great many
small jets of water can be supplied from
one pipe, SO great many lamps or small
escapes for electricity can be furnished
| from one wire. .-Scribraer.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
The Marriage of Great Men.

Robert Burns married farm girl,
with whom he fell in love while they
worked together in a piowed field.
Milton married the daughter of a
country squire, and lived with her but
short time He was an austere liter
ary recluse, while she was n rosy, romp-
ing country lass, who could not endure
the restraint imposed upon her; so they
separated. Subsequently, however, she
returned, and they lived tolernbly
happy.
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
were cousins, a rare example in the long
line of English monarchs, wherein the
martial VOWS were sacredly observed
and sincere affection existed.
Shakespeare loved and welded n
farmers daughter.
Washington married a woman with
two children. 1t is enough to say she
was worthy of him, and they lived a.
married people should livc-in perfect
harmony with each other.
John Adams married the daughter OF
Il Presbyterian clergyman. Her father
objected on account of John being n
lawyer.
John Howard, the great philanthrc
pist, married his nurse. She was alto.
gether beneath him in social life and in
tellectual capacity, and. besides this,
was tifty-two years old while he was bui
twenty-five. He wouldn't take "No"
for an answer, and they were married
and lived happily until she died, which
occurred two years afterward.
Peter the Great, of Russia, married a
peasant. She made an excellent wife and
Il sagacious empress.
Humboldt married poor girl because
he loved her. OF course they wer
happy.
1t is not generally known that Andrew
was still living. She was an amiable
woman, and was most devoutly attached
to the old warrior and statesman.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
What Paper Has Helped to Make.

The development of the products of
the printing press, the founding of
schools and colleges, and the attention
of every kind given to the promotion of
education and enlightenment in this
country, have been on a scale commen-
surate with the opening up of our mag
niticent natural resources, and the rapid
increase of our population, due to un-
precedented emigration. In 1910 the
civilized population of this country
numbered about 5000, 900, and occupied
the thirteen original States; now. after
an interval of scarcely more than one
hundred years, cur population comprises
43,O00,000 individuals scattered over
5000, 900 square miles ofthis continent,
or throughout thirty-seven States and
nine Territories. Our broad domain,
with mighty navigable rivers in its
heart, and with thousands of miles of
fertile prairies, has become by far the
chief agricultural region of the world,
and the value of our agricultural pro-
ductions has now reached the enormous
annual aggregate of 50, 500, 900. 900. Our
mineral resources are also unequaled.
The United States, exclusive of Alaska,
is estimated to contain more than 200,-
or 8 eight times as large as the available
coal area of all the rest of the world"
Within twenty years California and
neighboring Terri tories have yielded
to American enterprise not less than
one thousand millions of dollars in gold,
and yet at the time America was dis
covered, Europe contained only sixty
millions OF this precious metal. Vast
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12

There was lately born in Kokomo,
Ind, a child with face that resem bled
Il cooh's. 1t had four feet, resembling
claws, on which were great sharp nails.
1t had well defined tail tour inches
long. 1t had no eyes, and its arms and
limbs looked like the limbs of the ami
NAL it SO strikingly resembled. Its body
or trunk alone bore marks of human
nature. The father of this remarkable
production was coon hunter and had
for many years used toothpick made
from his fayorite animal.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12
Allieators Hatched by n Hen,

A lady residing at Cow island, in
Louisiana, and wishing to set hen,
went into the field adjoining her resi-
dence, where some of her chickens had
been laying, and procured some seven
teen eggs and placed them under the
hen. When, in the course of "human
events, the chickens were Matched, 10,
and behold, there came forth four small
sized alligators. 1t is supposed that
alligators from an adjoining marsh had
deposited their eggs in the field, and
she, not knowing the difference, placed
them under the hen. And what is more
strange, the young alligators follow
the mother hen around the premises as
happy as "a Colorado beetle in a potato
patch.-Net0 Orleans Times.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12

A young widower of Alabama has in
his possession the photographs OF five
young ladies. AS soon as he receives
two more, one for each day in the week,
he will shuttle them, draw one, and the
lady drawn will at once receive an offer
of marriage. To which, if she has any
sense. she will promptly reply: mo
Cards. ."-Phtladeiphid Bulletin.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1880-02-12

At Rheims is the largest champagne
establishment in France. In one vast
sub. cellar are deposited 1000, 900 bottles
of the raw whine, And in another part of
the town. are soh ne 5000, 600 bottles.
"he wine is treated most delicately, and
thousands OF men, Women and children,
very carefully traineG, are employed in
the process, to complete which requires
three years