davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

quarters Their means were abundant, they
were men who had the entire confidence OF the
party and they used with ability and zeal every
argument that could advance their cause. And
they had the most unbOunded confidence that
they would succeed. The opposition, scattered
over dozen candidates, with Mr.. Lincoln
leading, seemed overbOrne entirely by the con-
centrated strength of the Seward demOnstra-
ton. The confidence of the Seward men
alarmed them, and almost up to the moment
the balloting began there was danger that
they might be stampeded.
The voting began on May IS. At midnight
of the previous day, Mr.. Greeley, who was lead
ing the opposition to Seward, telegraphed to
THE TRIBUNE: any conclusion from all that
l can gather tonight, is that the opposition to
"GOvprnOr Seward cannot concentrate on any
candidate, and that he will be nominated"
Mr. Halstead teegraphed similarly to Ihe Ctn-
cianai Commercial. Of the thousands in attcn-
dance, there were very few who did not mt that
hour believe that the nomination of MIR. Seward
was already q fOregOne conclusion. But the
movement eliminated there, and from the
moment that Mr. Stewards nomination seemed
secure beyond question, it became impossible
1t was then that the delegates began to think
with seriousness upon what would follow the
nomination. And it was their sober second
thought that it would impcril the success of
the party 1t was no time then to consider
whether the opposition to Mr.. Seward-which
was partly personal and partly pOlitical-was
reasonable or just. The simple question with
which they found themselves confronted was
"Can he be elected 2" That being answered,
~. nd I'M fo OF
zeal of desperation set themselves to work to
stop the apparently inevitable.
Next day the ballOtlng began. On the first
ballot, Mr.. Seward led the list with 173l2
votes, Mr.. Lincoln followed with 1O2, and
1872 were scattered on ten other candidates.
On tho next when Mr.. Seward was expected
to gain largely, he reached 1912 votes, with Mr.
Lincoln GIG behind at 1S1, a gain of but IL for
Seward, and leap of 70 for Lincoln. On the
next ballot Seward had $50, and Mr.. Lincoln
was nominated. The Seward strength was
almost entirely brought out on the frs ballot
His canvass had been so thoroughly worked up
that 1t had exhausted It's resources almost with
the first fire, and there were no reserves to
bring into the field. The enthusiasm and con-
fdence of his followers had worked their own
defeat by giving the alarm TO his opponents,
and setting them to work with the energy of
desperation for the final struggle.
The present situation, if we can read it's signs
Alright, runs on all fours with that of 1860.
The third-term movement will exhaust itself
before the crisis of the decisive ballot is
reached. It's entire strength will be developed
in the preliminary struggles and formidable as
it may appear at the present moment, it will
never succeed, for beginning with minority, it
has 10 reserves. Without a majority at the
outset, it's fate is sealed.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

1t is interesting to read the different things which
were said of DIR. Claiming Mt the meeting, this
week. of the American Unitarian Association in
Boston. Dr. Furncss, of Philadelphia, thought
that "the influence of DIR. Channngs had been to
enlarge and elevate tho general mind" Dr.
Hedge said that DR.. Charming belonged to the
sentimental class of theOlOgians. the class which
has fed the church. He had feminine soul
incarnatcd in masculine body. He was the last
of the Deists the man in whom Deism eliminated
not tho Deism that rejects the supernatural in
Christianity, but philosophical that looks
upon God as the creator not only of the sun but
of tho substance of things" DR.. William H.
Charming, OF London, thought that DIR. Hedge
missed the mark when no called Charming senti-
mentalst he was emotional, not sentimental.
He was wonderfully practical. He was believer
in sound and symmetrical education One of his
grand ideals was that of perfectly organized
society it was his deepest that he could not
take his part in embodyng his ideal in tho capital
of newfoundland. His ideals and hopes for this
nation were sublime beyond the dreams of the poet
he believed III q nation of free men and free
women 40 was feminine" said DIR. w. Ii.
Claiming rs his blessed master was feminine,
but | never knew manlicr man III my life"
Perhaps it is proof of the great preachers
religious genius that different souls find different
excoenccs in his nature. There is no debate of
his goodness aud insight, but each naturally
insists upon what he has found most helpful in the
words of this modern apostle.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
GENERAL NOTES.

The unexpected invariably happens in q
Colorado During the calling Of new panel Of
the petit Jury recently several men asked to be
cused from service Among them was Newton Adams
gambler. "wby" asked the Judge. 81 am q
gambler" "You are q common gambler, are you I"
added the Judge. Yes, SIR" said Adams Well, you
are excused" Then. turning the Sheriff, Take this
man In custody" The look Of blank establishment
which settled the features Of Adamss face amused
sue court loungers. He went out with the court off,
as his DOndsDan. when the identity Of the bondsman
was established six wts for indictments for gambling
found by the Grand Jury were served upon
him. Lewis was surprised In his turn.
A Cleveland lady has parrot and poodle.
When Poll shrteks Penny barks. One afternoon the
parrot sat her perch with oil the dignity possible
The dog was taking nap in an adjoining room. Sud
denly, without moments notice, Poll let loose two
three unearthly screeohes. The dog Immediately
started toward the cage at full run barking he
went After be had sc0lded Poll he returned 70 tho
outer room for another He had scarcely closed
his eyes before Poll shreked again, loudly than
before. Up jumped the dog and out he went barking
furlously. When he reached the cage Poll, who had
stopped her to give the dog chance. began to
bark Just loudly her f0uregged associate Penny
chOked himself of and gazed at the cage 10 holy horror
Finally his tail dropped between his legs and no turned
around and left the spot Just he going out Of
preston crept down Jagged beak and as the dog
faded from view she yelled after MIN. +" Good bye
w.
lions upon her perch.
How Mr.. Gladstone must sigh over
American finance Z" excaims TIE Spectator " On May
IL, Mr. Sherman. Secretary of the Treasury. made
speech. reported ia brief by Reuter-, in which he de-
clared that the Union had entered a cycle Of pros
pery that the only trade still under depression the
ocean carrying trade and that the surplus revenue Of
the year would amount to 300 600 900. twenty mill
ions sterling. Twenty years Of that kind OF surplus
would paw OF the whole American debt Thoee who be-
ieve that Democracy Is always impatient Of taxation
should observe that this money. liks the
Of France raised by taxation, imposed By
the representatives Of universal suffrage The truth s
as apparent from all French, German and American
recent history. and believe, from that Of Great
Britain that Democracy is not impatient Of taxation at
to be essential TO the welfare OF the State 1t looks
reckless thing hut do believe it be set
tied that this country would not bear very strong
measures indeed for the reduction OF the debt"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
guoex 10 ADVERTISEMENTS.


AMUsRNENTs- Sd Pdoe-5th and 6th colun rs oo,uror
BANKING HOUSES AND BANKERs--7hf doe-o'n co'ul""'
BOARD AND ROoMs-6h PdCc-3d coiuhh'
BUSINESS CHAECES-6h PG0e-3d column
BUSINESS NoTiCEs-4h PGoe-1st ooumh ,
CoPARTNERsHIP NoTICEs-6M PdQe-oth coIu""'
. Corporation NouCEs-3d Pd0e.2d column
DiyIpEEn NoTICEs-7h Pd0e-Oih column
DRESS MAKING-3d Pd0e-5th column.
DPy COODs-3d PG0p-2d column
ELECTION EoTICEs-7h Pd0e-6ih coiuHh., ,,u,.
EuRoPEAe ApvERTIsHBENTs-6h PGQe-oth cOiuInn'
EYCnRsIONs-3d Pdge-6th coinmh
FNINCIII-y7h Pd1e-5th and 9th Columns
HEIP WANTRD--2d Pd0e-5th coinmh
INsTR uCTIoN-6M PG0e-2d and 81 columns
LAW scHOois-6m Pdpe-3d column
JTcLI NOTIcEs-6M PdDe-3d column
Lost AND FOUNDED Pd0e-5th column 49,,
MIRRIIcRE AND DEATHs-5h Pd0e-6th column
GNTSo-f3h Pdoe-4tb and 5th columns 800,
NIsCEILAH.oUs- Gu PG0e-3d column 9h Pd0e-otu
and 9Th columns.
NTW PUBIiCATIONs-6h Pd0s-2d column.
pOr IrIcAI NoTICEs-5fh PdQe-6th column.
PpoPOsLIS-2d Pd0e-6th column.
RFII EaTATE-2d Pd0e-4th and 5tn columns ,
RryESUE SEIZUREs-3d Pd0e-4tb 18th and 9th coluinns
biIUA1IOHs WANTkD-MALEs-2d Pdge-Oth anu OH
column FEMALES I'd Pd0e-5th coiumn
SPECIAL EoTlcEs- 5tn Page 9th column =,
sTrIMRoATs AND RAILROADS Sd Page Let and ID
columns. .
sfRhNFRs- ocRAN-3d Paoe-1st column, -.
GUNNER REsORTs-3d Page 2d' so anu Avn coiutnne'
IEkCHERs-6h Paoe-3d column.
INF TURF-3d Page 9th column. -. .
TO WHOM 1T MAY CoNcERN-6h Po9e-oo column.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
Republican party. ..s,..-
PERSONAL


Mr. Washburne Il still in ss his brothers house IN
monia. y . - w ~ . 90 q,
Mr.. Wayne Macveagh and Mrs. Macveaeh intend
to sail for Europe June i6. aud will be followed by
their sons ten days afterwGrd.
Princess Victoria. the future wife Of Wilhelm,
the eldest son Of tho German Crown Prince has q
quiet, winning and gracious manner, andis of the
true type OF German beauty. 800, 8
Secretary Sherman Is quoted by corr espondeut
OF The Bdsar saying that his wife lie the most un-
concerned of his acquaintance regards tho
results of the Chicago Convention. Mrs. Sherman.
who is modest and very shy woman, says that sbe
does not consider that the position of President OF
Presidents wife, is one altogether desirable.
Professor J. 8. Newberry, of Columbia College,
whose authority as expert In the wide and fasci-
mating field Of geology 10 so generally acknowl.
edged, will spend q part of the Summer In the
mining regions of the far West. and will examine
limited number OF mining properties In Colorado,
Utah, Nevada. California or Arizona.
Alexandra Dumas daughters wedding-dress will
probably be matter of interest to feminine readers.
1t is made by Worth and is Renaissance damask.
satin ground covered with large bouquets of roses.
The gown is laced at the back hts the figure closely
ana has for its sole trimming fraise OF white
tule round the neck The tule veil Is to be draped
with large bouquet OF roses.
Won hOIbkc 10 UOW uFiDR Ou atoCOuutfy o3tAt6
where his young wife was buried, and Is very busy
in writing his history of the late war. Though no
delghts in his rural pursuits and in solitude, he 10
recluse be takes lively interest in the welfare
of his tenantry and is always kind, generous and
sympathetic with them. Over his park gates Is bis
coatot-arms with its pacific device which Is in such
curious contradiction to his martial career. Il
bears three white doves on an argent field.
Richard Cobden's daughters wish still to associ-
ate their fathers name with kindness to man.
They are about to establish workinRmen's club
and coffee-room at Heyshott. his birthplace. as
sort of memorial philanthropy and order to raise
money for this enterprise they have been giving o
semi-private representation of Goldsmith's comedy
of the "Good.natured Man." The four Golden
sisters took the parts of uiss R;ch!and Mrs.
CrOGker. Oliria and Garnet and oil sad TO have
played charmingly and to have looked extremely
quaint in their costumes Of the last century.
OTTAWA, Ont. May observation-disclosures
Smyth. late Commander-in-Chief Of the Canadian
militia. will leave for England next week. by which
time his successor is expected here.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
PCBLIC OPINION,

We do not believe that it is possible for the
Chicago Convention 10 nominate q candidate for the
Presidency who can DO Observation-Disclosures Enquirer
;DemD
The disposition of the Democratic papers to
help 0n the movement to nominate General Grant s
calculated TO arouse suspicion. Would IL be wise TO
start the Republican campaign as they wish i-(Detrois
Post ana Tribune Rep)
The third term prejudice, in which we take
only modified part and that entirely unpersona o
liked fact In politics and dangerous argument face,
for rs votes are concerned.-( Newark Advertiser
(ReD.l
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
FOOD FOR REFLECTION.

In 1874 James q. Birney, the Abolition
candidate Tor President. received 1872 votes IN the
state New-YOrk. The Wings thought 1t was absurd
Than absurd, for their dissatisfied friends 10
vote for Birney. They argued that tue most such pro-
eeedng could do would BIO 70 help the Democrats whose
was the worst thing that could possibly happen
voting Tor Brney: The result was that Clay lost the
Electoral vote of EewYOrk and Polk was elected Presi
dent Last year the Republican vote for Governor was
1887 less than the Republican vote for Lieutenant
GOvernOr-the next lowest the list excppt State
ENGINEER That H. Mr. Cornell lost 925 votes more than
Clay lost through the Birney movement detection
greater than that OF tho Wings l841 or OF the Repub
LEANS In 1879. may oost the Republicans the Electoral
vote OF New-York in 1880. aud New-York may decide
the Presidential question.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

FoREraN.-M Waddington is to be the French
Ambassador to England. - John Curwen, the
writer on music, is dead - 1t is intended to
enlarge the port of Cette, France. - An Anglo
American rife contest is to take place at Wimble-
don this year.
Observation-Disclosures are arriving rapidly at
Chicago; the headquarters are busy the Anti
third termers of all preferences gradually unit
ing against the Grant menj the Blaine train is on its
way. - J. Fl. Shaw, of Dayton. q Princeton
student, has committed suicide. - The Con-
servatives Won in the municipal contest in Rich
mond Va. - The State Legislature adjourned
finally Yesterday. e. The Mississippi and Kansss
Democratic State Conventions did not instruct
their delegates. Denis Kearney has been re-
leased In San Francisco.
CoNGREss.-In the Senate the Agricultural Ap-
preparation bill was passed. - In the House the
Sundry Civil Appropriation bill was further con-
Bdered.
. CITY AND SUBURBAN.-There we're fortv-twO cases
of sunstroke in and about New-York yes
terday, eleven Of which were fatal.
e. Mayor Cooper made charges against Super
intendent Dudley. - James Williams was tried
on q charge of perjury for swearing that his aunt
was a drunkard. "A fire on the Brooklyn
river front caused loss of nearly 100000. 60
The Women's Medical College of the NewYork In
Urinary held its commencement exercises. -
Police Commissioner Joel w. Mason was serenaded.
e. Gold value of the legal-tender silver dollar
{412l2 grains), 1918 cents. Stocks active and
higher. closing strong.
The WEATHER.-TRIBUNE local observations in
dictate cooler and partly cloudy weather. with light
ran followed by clear or fair weather. Thermom-
eter yesterday: Highest, eco; lowest. 72o average.
62o.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

Mayor Cooper has never exercised his power
over the heads of departments in the city
government more wisely than he has just
done III summoning Superintendent Dudley to
answer charges of corrupt negligence and
malfeasance in Office. The Building Depart
ment is a worse than useless affair as at pres
ent managed, and the only way to reform it
Is to begin at the top.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

fsooTH,s THEATRE" Crooth0Wn." ~
DILYT THHATRk--" The Brook" -. a..o.n.1
TYYTH AVENUE TBBATRE-" f1ratcS OF Ee"1AHS0'
NAyeRLY's rHEATKz-N0veltiee.
NApIsoN soBARE THEATRE" Hase knx -. IL par
EEw-YoRK AQUARIUM-2 ana 81 AeH N'S"'' =" O'
Room"
NIHIO's GARDEN" EvangeltDe"
PARK THEATRE" Joshua Whitcomb" $780, ,,,,
SAN FRANCISCO MMsfRELs OPERA doUsE-Mlnhe
Palmer'e Boarding School. ,,-....,.y
Union SQUARE THRATRK-COmic opera b0ccAccioE
WIIIIcH's THEATRE" My Awful Dad"
DEWITT CHLPEIl-Kitchen Garden.
METROPOLITAN CONCERT HALL-Concert. ,
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DEslGN-Annual Exhi0itlon'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
WHAT =. oE &c, 4 Eog l:.I!,' TEEN s,;s

Should General Grant get the nomlpatlu!.ul
by the adoption of shis pubneaD and uAutmocsav
unt rule the cry would DO raisad hy the tnas
II he was nominated In violation OF SIG rgnls 80
thai indicate that ne wou Il elected, rtsin emes rs
the fourth term by tho same mesns s3pecisw ~ Y ~
hauds with is 10000 oleehsidsss 20 aid .hiu 49,
would rot s nomination give 90 excuse ios ch
cur1erors or oohrse, intelligens men VIZ nv
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

Some of General Grants superserviceabIe
friends at Chicago are protesting that he does
not desire fourth term, and would not accept
1T if offered. The Convention, we trust. will
take care that he has no opportunity to decline
a fourth term by refusing him a third, This
country does not belong to General Grant, or
to any other one man among it's forty millions
of free citizens.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
so SAY ALL OF US.
From The CgnctnnaH Gazette (Rsp. J

There has not been n time since the 0rgani-
OF the Republican party when there was greater
need for wise and unseltlsh management than now.
more discOuraRin9 circumstances than those which VIII
surround that which assemblies Chirago next week.
Tue success defeat OF party depends upon its ac
ton. II organise victory, insure dissste
In order 10 succeed, whoever he nominated shouo
be chosen by fair means The great OF those who
may be disappointed TO candid ies would be recon-
cied, provideI II should clearly that The nommss
gates out the choice should DO made ~ such wny tnas
argument shall be needed 10 establish u. falrnsss
other that 10 70 be regarded. u the Conveauos
would act wisely, but the success OF The kepoom.o.s
suire eslthuaiasm, fT' ff -{'FF. Il .ftHA3
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

Persons Leaving torn TOR the season, and Sum
ner travellers. can hare THE DAILY TRIBUNE
mailed to them, postpaid, for ST. 20 per month,
the address being changed as often as desired.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

BRANCH OFFICES OF THE TRIBUNE
NEw-YoRK-No. ]. 23s Broadway corner Thirty
first-st,; No. 3O8 West Twenty-third-st.. corner
Eirhth:ave.; No. geo Third,ave, corner Forty.
feyenth-st; No. 90 East FOurteenth-st., corner
Union-square No. 1856 Fourth-ave. lHarlem.i
3 &AsHINGTON-NO. 1922 Fist.
LONDoN-No. 20 Bedford-st., Strand
PARIs-NO. Rue Scribe.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
ALL THAT ANYBODY ASKS EXCEPT THE THIRD
fERMERS
Froun TIA Rosfon 1apSytfssr fRful

The last Convention lett every delegate free
TO under his Instructions or contrary to ITEM,
been the uniform practice OF Republican Conventions.
anu when the question raised next week Chicago 10
reasonable suppose that will again be decdcd In
the way. There may be some question as to the
quality OF delegates who accept credentials uuder IN
matter that the National Convention has
the nominations shall DO fairy representative Of tbs
sentiment OF the country; and this only be ascer.
tanned where every delegate Ia free TO act hs Own
Judgment approves OF as his constituents would Ike 70
DaYo HIN,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
TERMS OF TIE TRIBUNE.

POSTAGE frcein the United States.
DAILY TRIBUNE year 81 w
DAILY TRIBUNE without Sundays), year,. ~ W
sunday TRIBUNE, year. ~
WEEkLY TRIBUNE, year :.........-.'..'.''' . %
kEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE, year............... 9OO
Remit by p. o. order or in registered letter
Address THE TRIBUNE,
New-YOrk.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

1nslness NOTICES.
"ALDERNEY BRAND"
euv slvavs CONDEMNED MILK
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

Garibaldi has grown violent and unreason-
able in his old age. He has published letter
accusing the House Of Savoy of having ruined
Italy, and advising his friends to hiss the
members of the party of the Right
as they come out of the legislative
hall. The Right. it should be re-
membered, is the party which Cavour
founded, and which carried out to full reali-
cation the idea of National unity. Since it
went out of power, parliamentary government
in Italy has been prey to faction and i'll
trigue.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28
THE NEWS THIS MORNING.

FRIDAY, MAY %, 1880.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

The wcak-knccd delegates to Chicago who are
chiefly anxious to be on the winning side should
reflect that it is much moro desirable to be on that
side in the election than ut the nomination.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

The venerable Thuriow Weed has intended
making the exertion--iustly thought extrsor-
tinarys in view Of his great age and inArm-
lties--of attending tho Chicago conysn.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

July seems to have usurped the place of
May in the calendar. The untimely hot spell
holds on with undated fervor. Yesterday
was as warm as the day before and was less
endurable because the perspirinG sufferers of
Tuesday and Wednesday felt so certain that
the torrid temperature could not last another
twenty -four hours. Nearly all kinds of BUSH
ness is seriously affected by the sudden
stoppage of the Spring trade. The proprietors
of Summer resorts are happy, however, in the
expectation Of long and prosperous season.
One Of the great hotels on Coney Island
opened yesterday, and most Of the sea-sids
establishments win be ready for guests a
fortnight earlier than usual
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

In 1868 Don Cameron deied the unit rule and
disobeyed the instructions of his State Conven-
ton. In 1880 he insists the unit rule. and wants
to crush anybody who won't obey Instructions
Is there then no such thing as principle about
Pennsylvania Republican delegation excepting the
principle that the lively young Don must always
nave ms own way
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

There seoms to DO excellent reason for ro-
marking again that the third.tenn issue has
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

Democratic State Conventions did not instruct
their delegates - Denis Kearney has been re-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

servatives Won in the municipal contest in Rich
mond. Va. - The State Legislature adjourned
finally Yesterday g. The Mississippi and Kansas
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

CITY AND SUBURBAN-There reforty-twO cases
of sunstroke IN and about New-York yes
terday. eleven of which were fatal.
I'll Mayor Cooper made charges against Super
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

The Third Tormcrs admit that on a free aud UNI
hampered ballot at Chicago Grant can have no hope
of success Their resort to the unit rule and BULLDOG
ing tactics means this and nothing lcSS.a
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28


American rife contest is to take place at Wimble-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1880-05-28

leased in San Francisco.
CoNGREss.-In the Senate the Agricultural APP
preparation bill was passed. - In the House the
Sundry Civil Appropriation bill was further con-