The central Presbyterian. [volume] (Richmond, Va.) 1856-1908, 1880-01-07
farm aud 6araem.
Fruit Planting.-Continued.

They require moist soils, and cooler,
'damper climate than ours to succeed well.
Our scorching suns, and drying breezes
In summer produce so much evaporation
from the leaves that the roots are unable
to supply sufficient moisture to the plant
and mildew bhghts it, or it leaves green
unripened stems in the fall which are
killed by the cold of the next winter
The remedies are to select moist lands, or
places shaded by fences and palings,
which may be found on small scale, or
to mulch them in early summer with
leaves or straw or very coarse manure.
or to irrigate them where practicable
have planted out some recently, which
are so situated on a branch that tEey
may be irrigated 1t is designed also to
raise water-melons between the plants,
and thus shade the ground with the vines
The raspberry should be planted 4 feet
by 4 feet, or 3 by 5, so they may be cul-
tivated both ways, when raised for mar
ket The Black Cap varieties require
rather more distance than the others.
There are many varieties of raspberry.
OF the BLACK Caps" Mammoth Cluster
is to be preferred. The Philadelphia and
Clark were some years since the favorites
among the red varieties. The Brandy
wine is now considered superior to these
two, as being more hardy and produc-
tive. The Cuthbert, Queen of Market,
Early Prolific, Reliance, Turner, ETC., are
new varieties, not yet fully tested, though
much praised
The GOosebe1Yy is a native of cool,
northern climates, and like the raspberry
does not stand hot suns well. In Scot
land 1T grows wild abundantly, and when
cultivated attains large size, and much
excellence. 1t is much cultivated in Eng
land also. To succeed in our State, it
should be planted in such situations as
we recommended for raspberries The
bush should be we'll worked early in the
season, and then a heavy mulching of
litter of some Sort if it can be procured,
should be applied The bush when young
generally does well, but as it grows older,
one by one, they will be found to die out
II they are not in very favorable posi-
tlons. We have some planted between
Concord grape vines, the latter being u
feet apart in the broad way In this way
some protection is given from the sun
and the bushes have done well. But
now being about ten years old they begin
gradually to die out, their growth and
vlgor being first impaired, like the rasp-
berry by heat, and then they succumb to
the cold. This fruit requires rich, deep
soil, and unless the land is rich, annual
applications of good manure should be
made. An annual application of salt is
advisable as fertilizer, and as attracting
moisture by its deforescent quality. The
gooseberry should be planted about five
feet apart each way. On thin soil, four
feet will answer The varieties are nu-
merous. In England there are said to
be 700 or 800 varieties, and the catalogue
of the London Horticultural Society"
enumerates 149 sorts considered worthy
OF notice. The foreign varieties do not
succeed well with us being much subject
to "mildew. They are much larger
than ours, and under favorable circum-
stances few bushes may be raised for
rating purpose. The American varieties.
the Downing, Houghton Seeding, Noun
tain Seeding, and Smith s Seeding, are
generally raised, either for home or mar
ket purposes. Of these Houghton' s Seed
ling being very prolific, and free from
'mildew,' is probably best Gooseber-
ries may be proftably raised for market
IT care is used in selection of the locality
for planting, the ground be properly ma
nured and cultivated, and the bushes be
renewed as they die Planted 5 by 5,
nearly 1000 plants will stand on an acre
At five cents quart, (the usual market
price, each bush will bring % to 30
cents, and the acre Will yield 500 gross
There would be difficulty in selling large
quantities Of these berries in our local
markets, but they bear shipment well to
northern markets / have had bush to
yield 10 and l2quarts The plants NAV
be easily raised from cuttings, and from
layers. If the ends of the branches are
turned down in the spring and covered
with earth they become well rooted by
the fall Then they should be taken up
In the fall, put in nursery rows, and be
planted out the following fall The cut
tings also root well
The &raaObey7y is fruit universally
popular, and it is healthy. In eating It
we are often reminded of remark con
corning It's goodness, attributed to Sydney
Smith, that Good might have made a bet
ter berry, but it is certain he never did "
The varieties Of strawberries are very
numerous, and are constantly being added
to. For market purposes nothing yet has