, 1880-06-07

tualIv term each ether rebels. Thus
there exists in the State two separate
bodies, who pr, tend to absolute lnde
pentience. and hetween these there Is 10
Judge. They decide their quarrel 10y
arms a. two different Nations would do.
The obligation t" observe the common
law ri war towards each Other. Is there's
tore absolute indisprns:'bly binding ON
both parties, and the same which the law
of nature imposes on Nations IN tr ms
actions bet Ween State and State"
No, publicist OF any reputation ever
attempted to con.rovrrt the doctrine here
laid down. Va,.el further says:
"Thc Sovereign indeed, never ;ails to
hcstow the appclation "f rebets on all
such Of his subjects ns openly resist hfm;
but when the latter have acquired Sufih-
ient strength to give hm eflectua oppo-
sit"n, and ohiye him to carry on the
war against them accordin.. to the estah
Ilshcd rul' 8. he must necessarily submit
to he term, civil war;
These terms, it will be observed apply
to successful insurrectionary movements
in a single State or consolidated Governs
ment They are much stronger and
broader when applied to clvil war be
tween conie,leratcd or united States,
each claiming and exercising sovereign
rights under IL common central govern
ment of limited powers. A State Cannot
l,.. ii tnr ,psil iHn.l
acting under State authority. During
the administration OF Mr.. Lincoln the
term of "rebel," or "trator," was never
used in speaking ot the enemy in any
foreign correspondence. These terms
have simply been kept in use tor party
purposes, to impose upon the credniiiy
and incite the preiudiccs of the ignorant
Vattel again says:
Though one of the parties may be to
blame in breaking the unity of the i,,ate,
and resisting the lawful authority, they
are not the less divided in fact. Besides.
VIII" shall judge them? Who shall pres
nounce ON which side the rig.,t or wrong
Tvs VII Calti tuNy udVC tV Nt'IIItilVu
superior. They stand therefore in precise
" the same predicamcnt as two Nations
who engage in contest, and being un>
able 10 come to an agreement, have re
course 10 arms"
In the matter Of our civil war all oues>
tions at issue were settled by the wager
of battle, and it is not only unproir
able but excredingly detrimental 10 the
public peace t. discuss dead issues; but
so long as one party claims that the other
was alone to blame, the accused is neces>
Salty put upon the defence: and when
it comes to that, the very men who were
the most active IN provoking the strife,
are those who are now Tbs most per
si>te..t in perpctuating it. and none more
uncompiOmising than the party poll
ticians in the Christian ministry. Nulli>
fication and secession were not Of South
,rn origin, but were tolerated and cher
ishe(! iteas in New England and other
portions of the North twenty years before
John G. Calhoun II, d his followers asspr-
ted she right of State hullification or
secession. When this country WAS at
war with England the Hartford Conven-
tion Was called under IL resolution of the
Legislature OF Massachusetts,, for the ex
press purpose OF forming New Engtard
Centeheracy, aud propositions were
.ntertaiLed through Il British Commiss-
i"ner for IL union of the New England
States with Canada unucr British pretec>
ton. There was not il member of the
Hartio Convention living at the time
OF the formation OF the present Republ-
can party VINO did not become member
of 1t. There was not leader nf the
present Republican party at its forma-
ton who was not AN avnweI sece. sinnist
under certain conditions; many OF them
unconditlonal!y,- and Union savers "
was term OF repr"ach applied in deri.
sion to the Democratic party. Did our
space permit, we could give abundant
proof of the statements, declarations and
u'terances and party Endorsements of
almost the entire Republican party OF
that day. The very first Republicans in
Congress signallzed their advent by the
introduction of petitions Tor tie dissolu.
,ion OF tine Union, elninating principally
from New England, and all from recoy>
nizcd members OF the Republican party.
As earl y asJanuary Is, 1S47. Mr. Lincoln,
in speech in Congress, published in the
Congressional Globe, said:
Amy people, any where, being inclined