The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1880-03-06
AGRICULTURE.


STRANGE TASTES IN BUTTER.-The
principal causes why butter is found
to DC badly "tn flav0r'' are, first,
| browse and weeds In the pastures, or
in the hay, or coarse roots and other
| unsuitable tccd In the stable; second
bad water, or too little Of 1t; third,
heating the cows blood by running
or abuse; fourth, unclcan milking !;
nth, setting tho milk in open pans
which are exposed to tho fumes of cook
ing, or TO stOvc-smOke or tobacco
smoke, or to cold victuals set near !;
sixth, to keeping the cream In un.
clcanscd vessels, or too long before
salt; eighth, putting down til" butter in
unsuitable or lll-prcpared tubs or other
prckagcs; ninth, storing 1t In dirty
cellars, or beside kerosene, salt or
smoked meat, or fish, or any other
strong -odorcd thing. Butter Is tho
most susceptible Of talnC of any article
OF food, and when tatutrd, even slight
ly has lost half It's value. A person
may have every other qualification for
the business that can be thought Of, yet
IL :acking In scrupulous noutness, Is
utterly unfit to bo employed in butter
making. n farmer whose wife Is Il
slattcrn may succeed In shoop or hogs.
but never MS Il dairyman. Yet let every
man remember that ut least half OF our
bad but CT was made 80 before the milk
left the stable.
WHAT THERE IL IN WuEAr.-'rhe
wheat grain is Il fruit consisting OF Il
seed ana It's coverings. All tho middle
part Of the grain Is occupied by large,
thin cells, tull Of powGery substance,
which contains all the starch Of the
wheat. Outside the central stnrchy
mass Is Il single row OF sQunrish cells
iillcd with II yclIowish material, very
rlch III heterogeneous, that Is, ilesh-fOrnl-
ing matter. Beyond this again there
are six thin coals or coverings, contain
Ing much mineral matter, both of pot
Assn and phoSphulcs. The outermost
coat Is of but little value. The mill
products OF these coverings of tho seed
arc pcculinrly rich in nutrimcnt, and
line Hour Is robbed of largo percent
age of valuable and nulricious TODD.
MlddlinSs not only contal:. more tlbrin
and mineral matter tlnn fine flour, but
outer coat, which is indigesttble, forms
Onc-siXlh OF The bran, but not one-hun-
urrth ol The fine tluur. Wheat con-
tains the greatest quantity Of gluten
and the smallest OF starch; rye, Il
medium proportion of both, while In
hurley, oats. and corn the largest pro-
portion OF starch and the smallest Of
gluten arc to be round. In practice 100
pounds of flour make from 1873 to 1877
pounds OF bread, good average being
l36 pounds; hc:cc a barrel of 1876
pounds should yield 2GG one bound
louvrS.
WOOD ASnhs.--Thc value of ashes as
fertilizer, depends principally upon
the potash and rhoSphorlc acid they
contain. The percentage OF these varies
largely, in ashes from different woods,
varying from 10 per cent. to ~ per
cent. tor the former, and per cent. to
II per cent. for the latter. This would
Ai not far from four to five pounds of
potash TO Il buShel of ordinary mixed
unlcachcd ashes, which, rcckoncd ut 4
l.2ccnts per pound the present market
value OF potash in the commercial tcrti-
llzcrs--would give the value OF bushel
us from Is to - IL cents. With due
allowance for the phoSphoric ncid and
The limc-lhc latter making up the
largest part of the ashcs-it may be seen
That II bushrl Of unlcnchcd ashes, Is
worth irom 20 to 30 cents ~ the present
lime. Ashes, to secure the best results,
should be thoroughly mingled with the
soil. In this way, The best physical, as
well as chemical effects are obtained.
II Is self evident that crops requiring
larger amounts OF potash, will DC the
most benefited by the application of
ashes, M the root crops, cabbage, to-
barro, etc. Forty to fifty bushels pcr
acre, is Il good application.
CoEN-FEp llENs.-Corn-fed hens do
not lay IN winter, and especially when
SNOW covers the ground, because there
is nothing in corn which furnishes the
material tor the white and shell OF the
egg, but abundant material for fat and
ruulmcnlnry yolks. AS soon rs spring
comes, corn-ich hens commence luyiny
and continue to do 80 simply because
they are able to supplement- this TODD
by grass, worms, insects and other al
luminous substances, and also find ma
trrials for egg shells In bits OF lime,
stone and the shells and debris of a va
rirty OF dccaying matter that we have
no conception OF. On the other hand,
when wheat Is ted to hens there Is fat
enough in 1t to supply all that Is
needed for the yolk, and gluten enough
to make the white and lime enough 10
furnish the shell, and it does not seem
difficult now to understand why corn
fed hens should not lay, rs they do not,
and why whcat-icu hens should lay rs
they do.
APPLES FOR CArrLE.-Applcs stimu-
late the appetite OF II horse or COW won
dcriuily. The ration should be made
small " first. ltproduces great flow
OF milk III cows, and gives to the horse
Il fine GLOSSY coat. Apples are excellent
for tnltcning cattle, counteracting the
tendency to lcverish action engendered
by cornmeal, aud giving Il fine fla, or to
the beef.
Not Tall Enough.
y good story Is told of Prince Alex
ander Of Holland. The Prince, a
young man Of rather staid and literary
tastes, paid visit to Berlin last sum.
NOR unI rpvinw ,roo r;r,n L.;