davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
Washed or Unwashed Butter.

The following extract from au arti
Gle in the Country Gentleman By Mr..
Willard, the we'll known dairy expert,
gives the latest word on this disputed
subject:
A lew years ago an earnest cOntro.
yersy was carried on as to whether
butter should be washed or unwashe1,
those advocating the latter claiming
that by pressing or working out the
buttermilk without the aid of water
it served to retain more of the aroma
and delicious flavor naturally belong.
ing to butter, and which should not
be removed by allowing the butter to
come in contact with water. On the
whole, the advocates of washing but.
ter were the most numerous. and as
the art of butter making has progress
cd considerably they have rather the
best side Of the argument, OF course
it will be understood that good clean,
sweet water must be employed in wash
ing butter, and that it should mover
come in contact with water taints or
odors Of ANY description. The best
butter makers of the present endeavor
to avoid working butter as far as pos
sible, in order that the butter grain"
may be kept uniDiured and preserved
in all its integrity. To accomplish this
object the cream must not be over
churned, for tho butter is often
seriously impaired in the grain by too
much churning When the butter
begins to form, or is in small particles
about the size Of wheat kernels or a
little larger, stop ohurning. The but
ter then is in a granulated state, and
the buttermilk may now be drawn off,
and the grains Of butter can then be
washed with cold wator, and after
wards with brine, which will free it
from all milky aud Gaseous matter.
Some drain the buttermilk from the
churn in a hair seive, and then wash
by turning water on the butter in the
churn. Butter treated in this way is
never salvy or greasy, but remains
with its grain uninjured, and should
be in its best state. Thus as our
knowledge Of what constitutes perfect
butter obtains, together with the art
Of producing 1t, the old method Of
working out the buttermilk without
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06


The people of Tennessee are to be
congratulated upon the return Of Hon.
+. B. Ragland of Brownsville to the
senate. He is a man we'll up in years,
but vigorous in body and mind, and
will be one of the most useful mem
bers of the Forty second general as.
sembly. His views upon all public
questions are broad, comprehensive
safe and sound. We would be willing
to trust him with tbe state debt set
Element or any other question. The
Brownsville States in speaking of him
says;
Mr. Ragland entered the canvass
with heavy odds against him. He
found his own party divided and split
up into factions, and without any sort
of organization, He found green
back candidate in the field, who, be-
sides the vote Of that party, expected
and did secure the vote of
the republican party. All these COM
binations he had to meet and over
come. By splendid Judgment, sagaci-
ty and hard, untiring labor he orgsn-
ized the party as best he could under
the existing circumstances and won a
brilliant victory. He made brilliant
canvass, and the result is no doubt
gratifying to him as it surely is to the
democracy Of the district and the
state.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
EPISCOPAL CONVENTION.
A Session Marked by Good Feel
ing and Good Results.

New York sunl
The Protestant Episcopal Church
in the United States is one of the
smallest of the leading denominations,
but makes up for the lack Of numbers
by the cultivation of It's clergy, by the
social position of majority OF its aity,
by the wealth Of its parishes and by
the architectural elegance OF its houses
of worship. 1t has about 5000 minis
ters and membership numbering
325,000. Its dioceses are forty-eight
in number, and its missions thirteen
There are sixty-one bishops, diocesan
and missionary. The general conyen'
tion is the highest representative body
of the church, and meets every
three years. The composition
of the general convention is
much like chat of the United States
congress There are two bodies tho
house OF bishops and the house Of
deputies The former is made up Of
all the bishops, both diocese and mis-
sioaary. The latter consists of four
slergymOn and four laymen from each
diocese, whether the diocese be large
or small. The diocese of New York
has 1876 parishes and 299 clergymen,
while Arkansas has II parishes and IL
clergymen. The inequality of send
ing the same number of deputies from
these diOeeses seemed to some mem.
bers Of the convention an injustice to
be corrected, aud an effort was made
to change the basis Of representation.
On the other hand it was argued that
a like disparity existed a century ego,
and that it had never wrought any
great evil. The conservative element
prevailed, and tho representation re-
mains as it was.
Never in the history of the Protest
Ant r., aiscopal church has there been
a n,ora h. ~monious general convention
tban the conv, ,aption Of 1880. Hands
had been shaken ecross al the old ec-
clesiastical chasms W. len the disputes
Of former years had opene1 feTsohal
dislikes had been quenched ana CON
troversial hatchets buried. Tho ritu.
alist quarrel which agitated the Las
general convention had been laid to
rest, It is significant Of the existence
ola state Of grace, mercy and peace"
that the convention met in a church
OF which the younger Tying is rector;
in the box in the cornerstone Of
the building is deposited the record
OF the ecclesiastical sonsure inflicted
on that clergyman some years ago for
aHiliating with christians Of other per.
suaslons. And it is further sisnid-
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
COTTON.
A Very Sensible Review of the
Condition and Prospects of
the Market for COnsu-
mer and Producer.

N. .. Picayune.
Over one million bales OF this year
cotton crop have been marketed
Throughout the south every availa
Bile hand is employed in the rural dis
tricts gathering the staple, and in
many sections wages for picking have
been run up TO exorbitant figures.
The season has not been a favorable
one for gathering the crop, and plan
ters have been stimulated by their
fears in paying top prices for securing
that which has been grown. There
has been no holding back of the crop
though the financial condition of the
producers is far better than for some
years past, and with pretty good roads
the shipments for this month have
exceeded all previous records On the
Atlantic coast the depots are already
blocked with cotton, and the transpor-
tatioH lines are being pushed to meet
the requirements. In the Mississippi
valley, where it is conceded on all
sides that the production is far below
that Of last season, planters are quick
sellers, and our receipts direct from
plantations are a little in excess Of
those of last year. The Atlantic
states have marketed considerably
more than at same date in 1879. One
of the most striking features of the
trade this year, not only in this mar
ket but at other cotton centers in the
south, is the poor quality of the crop.
Good staple clean white cotton is very
difficult to find, and ere the season is
well opened buyers of this class are
unable to fill orders. The last crop
was exceptional in this respect, and
the tendency of the styles of the man
ulactured goods was thereby encour.
aged, At this time last year there
was no quotation for anything below
good ordinary in our market, which
was worth l0lc, against 9ac now,
but two grades lower is now sold. On
the other hand, good middling is
worth 4c more than at the end of 0c-
tober, 1879 While the average grade
is about the same in value as a year
ago, poor cotton is cheaper, which will
reduce the income of the producer
materially in the sections tributary to
this market, since the bulk of the
crop is low grade. The outlook abroad
i5 favorable. Buyers have come
forward freely thus far, and there has
been a good, healthy trade, which
shows no sign Of abatement, While
spinners may not have before them 50
great stimulus as they had in the
boon" Of last SEASON, they are upon
more certain ground, and values seem
likely to rule steadier, and on quite
favorable basis for producers of the
raw material,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06


ONE democratic paper in the state
is sufficiently happy over the election
to bring out a growing rooster. It's
rejoicing seems to be over the defeat
of Wilson and repudiatiou;" and it
seems to make no sort of difference
that this was done by Judge Hay-
kins. The paper in question is the
Clarksville Tobacco Leaf. The
following are some of its
exultant headlines under the rooster.
"That is our Bird, He Crows over
the Result in this Senatorial District
(which Gives Reputation a Big
Black Eye"-"And Forever sets
Down on s. i. Wilson. "--"Bolters
not Wanted by the Dear People. ~
-"God Bless the People, for They
Haye Done This Thing No word
of regret is expressed that the demo
cratic party is defeated. It is sufi-
cent for some of orr high credit breth-
rem to know their ideas prevailed even
at the expense Of the democratic
party. Judge Hawkins and Judge
Wright occupied virtually the same
position in regard to the state debt.
Sustained by about forty seven repub-
licans and thirty nine high-credit
democrats Governor Hawkins will
make short work of the state debt
lie will make settlement that will
be high enough to satisfy the most
fastidious stickler for the sacred"
attribute of the state debt.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
Notice 10 Water Consumers.

To make connection with our new
machinery, and place the additional
steam and water pipes and valves, the
water company will be compelled to
wholly stop the pumps for about
twenty-fours from aRd after twelve
o'clock tonight. Consumers will
provide accordingly.
In this connection the company
would state that it has been delayed
in this work far beyond expectation.
First, the engines were shipped one
month behind contract time. Second
ly, freights were delayed by blockadcs
ten days longer than promised, and
one car went through to Little Rock,
delaying US another week Lastly,
some Of the special fittings would not
answer, and had to be recast.
The engines are not yet here, but
promised confidently before Monday,
and we wish to be quite ready. With
in week from arrival we will have
them in operation, and if they APP
proach their guaranteed capacity,
the pressure will be en-
tirely satisfactory. Meantime the
manufacturers Of our large pumping
engines write that they are progressing
as fast as possible. They will more
than double the capacity and pressure
of our present machinery, before
weakened by the late increased de-
mand on it.
We avail ourselves Of this occasion
to acknowledge our grateful apprecia-
tion Of the patience exhibited by the
public during the deficient supply of
water. Notwithstanding the company
has spared no effort, much unavoid-
able inconvenience has resulted from
the inadequaoy of the present pumps
to give the necessary pressure; and |
we are pleased, more than the public
possibly can be, to know that it is
about at an end.
I. j. LATHAM
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
Nouthern Coflnn MiIIn.

The Augusta, Georgia, factory clear
ly illustrates the success which at
tends the manufacture of cotton in
the south. They have 24,2OO spindles
and 500 looms, making plain goods,
sheeting aud drills, from Nos. u to II
yarn. The capital stock is 100000
The gross earnings from June, 1877.
to June, 1878, was $l5O,846.77, less
expense on account Of taxes, water
rates, interest, general expense and
insurance of $56,S78. They paid four
quarterly dividends Of two per cent
amounting to $4,000, and carried TO
profit and loss account S25,4i0. The
net earnings amounted to $l2 81 100
per cent Of the capital stock. In 1878
they consumed 1879 bales of cotton
the average weight being 456 pounds
per bale. Upon the basis of an as
sumed saving at 81 por bale, this mill
realized the sum of 2,733, or about
62g per cent Of their gross earnings
There is room for further reduc-
tion Of cost in the south, remarks a
valued exchange, when the necessity
Of the times shall require it, while in
New England mills the cost has been
brought down to the lowest point DOS
sible with the present facilities. The
wages have always been low in the
south, and the reduction, therefore,
has been very much less than in the
north during the last few years. A
much larger reduction has been ac
complished in New England mills
during the past six years than is rep
resented by the reduction of labor
Machinery is operated at a higherrate
Of speed, aud the work is done with
considerably less help than was form
erly employed when the wages of foper-
atives were at the highest rate. The |
necessity which compelled this course |
in New England mills will re luce |
the cost Of production in the south.
The Langley mill in South Carolina
has 10000 spindles, representing a cap
ital Of $40 per spindle, or 100000. |
With this enormous amount, we learn.
they have have never paid less than s
per cent. dividends during the past ten
years, and in January, 1879, had accu-
a surplus of $4,000. They
report a profit last year Of of % per
cent. The Vaucluse mill, owned BY
the Granitevilie manufacturing com
pany, has 10000 spindles and 300
looms, and is one of the best mills of
its class in the country. They report
a profit of q per cent. last year. The
Piedmont mill has 10,624 spindles, 24O
looms lpart YARN capital stock $685.
900. They report profit for last year
of 253 per cent.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
The Death of Judge COIhran, o.
Mississippi.
Vicksburg UommcrcIal, J

' Nicksburg Uommcrcial
The Hon. William Cothran, ono of
the most distinguished circuit judges
of Mississippi, died at Winona, We'd
nesday evening, at the ripe age Of
seventy-four years. Judge Cothran
had been a citizen of the state for
fully half a century, and no man
within its borders was more univers-
ally respected, honorod and beloved.
Judge CothranI had left his home to
hold a court in Holmes county,
but was taken sick soon after
his arrival at Winona, and
twenty.four hours later his pure spirit
had joined the stars. In all the rela-
tious of life, Judge Oothran was a
model man. As jurist, patriot, citizen
and friend, he had few equals, and af-
ter Q long and honorable career at the
bar and on the bench, he died as he
doubtless would have preferred to die
with his harness on, and in the service
of the state beloved so well and served
50 faithfully. There will be tears and
aching hearts for the kind old man
who has just gone to his grave, but
the state possesses q rich legacy in the
sweet memories of the pure aud up.
right life he has left as an example for
her sons,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
a New Minister for the First
Baptist Church.

The following notice appears in the
Helena YeOman ofthe second.
Elder r. A. Yenable, who hasso ae-
ceptably occupied the pulpit Of the
Baptist church for the past ten months
has resigned his pastorate to accept a
call from the First Baptist church of
Memphis, Tenn. While in our CITY
Elder Fenable made many friends by
his quiet, unobtrusive manner, deer.
earnest piety, scholarly attainments'
and logical preaching. The severinq
OF his connection with the church
here creates a void that cannot be
easily filed, and We congratulate the
First church in Memphis in securing
the pastoral service of so able a preach
er. Elder Venable leaves to-day for
his new field of labor. and carries with
him the best wishes ofall, the Yeoman
included.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

cant that, on motion of the Rev. DR..
DIX, a place of honor was voted to the
senior DR.. Tying, who was invited to
occupy a seat on the right hand of the
president.
Seldom has great ecclesiastical
body enjC yed a three weeks session of
such uninterrupted harmony as that
which was the leading feature Of this
general convention. Close friendships
were formed by men who had never
before been thrown into each others
company, and as the 450 members de-
parted it was with the most pleasant
recollections of the occasion which
had brought them together. The ex-
penses OF the convention were be-
tween $4,000 and $4,000.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

the aid Of water must be pushed aside
for a more intelligent and safer prac-
tiee; In conclusion, it may be re-
marked that whatever working Is re-
quired, care should be taken to avoid
a grinding motion, as this Injuries the
gram: II lever worker be used. tho
worklngshould be by pressure and the
lever should not be allowed to stop or
slide on the butter in a grinding fash
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

THE Hot Springs Telegraph, edited
by Judge Peek, an Old-time democrat,
takes very philosophic view of the
situation. 1t says
Now that the elections are all over. and
the political status Of the country fixed
for at least four years to come let is stop
talking about politics. and address our
selves to the more practical and pressing
concerns Of our social and business life.
Although Mr.. Garfield has been elected
president, we have no doubt but that the
government will go on as quietly and
peacefully for the next four years as it has
for the last four years.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

this state will exceed eighty thousand
and probably reach eighty-fye thou
sand. The majority for Cults, repub-
lican candidate for conrgsss in the
Sixth district, is sixtyeight.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

Mason Call: One inducement held
out to the colored people to vote for
Hawkins and high taxes was that the
white people would be compelled to
sell their land, and then it could be
bought for fifteen cents per acre
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

LIVERPOOL, November G, 2:3O pm.
Cotton in fair demand, freely sup
piled at previous prices. Uplands 64d;
Orleans, 6ld. Sales to day 5000 bales
Receipts, $4,000 bales, all American.
Futures opened steady, now firm, at
shade better prices. Deliveries for
November 6 13-32d; November, De-
cember, January and February, 6 s.
led; February aud March, 6Sd, March
and April, 6Sd; April and May, 67-
l6d; May and June, 6!d.
New ORLEANS, November 6, 1l30 a.
m.-Cotton firm. Middling, l03c. Sales
to-day, 800 bales. Receipts, 1854
bales. Stock lS2,9S4 bales. Sales
Yesterday, 1900.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
Iowa cS.nsidered Safe for Gar.
field,

DEs MONIES, November e.-There
is no change in the republican major
titles reported and estimStes made and
sent to the associated press icst night
Gar6eld's majority over HapceGk IN
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
stock, running account.


New YORK, November @, 1926 p,
m. = Cotton nominally unchanged.
Ordinary Sc; good ordinary 9sc; low
middling l0le; middling llc; good mid
ding liz; middling lair 12sc fair 1890.
Futures opened steady, now the same,
at 3 to 4 points above last evenings
closing prices, as follows; Deliveries
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

Mr.. James Bond, prominent citi-
zen Of Haywood county, died last
Tuesday afternoon.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
A Nine-Tnch Snow in the Semi
Tropical South.

GALVESTON, November 5.-A News
special reports heavy snow at several
points. AT Blanco there were nine
inches.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

The seven largest congregational
churches in this country are Plymouth
Brooklyn, 2jl9 members; First, Chi
csgo, 1893; Central, Brooklyn, 1913;
Broadway Tabernacle, New York
City, 968; Church of the Pilgrims
Brooklyn, 966; Church Of the Disci,
pies, New York City, Si7i Oberlin, o.,
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06

The Vicksburg Herald says:
Thank God, Yazoo is still safe.
Public ledger. [volume] (Memphis, Tenn.) 1865-1893, 1880-11-06
Attachment Notice.

Before Ih9s Fleming, J p. for Shelby county.
Ienn:--J. ID. Edwards We. b. W ito.
n this cause an attachment having been
4 4 sued out under section 3I55 Of the Code Of
Tennessee, and returned levied unon tbe
property of the defendant and afidavit bav;nS
been made that the defendant is indebted
TO the plaintiff in the sum Of S44, 80, due by
account, and that the claim Is lust, ana
that the defendant is a nonresident of the
state q Tennessee; Il is therefore ordered that
s sSiu qeisendant make his personal appear
~ my ONCE, No. = Second street, Memnnis
tennessee, and defend said attachment suit
within the, timo prescribed By law, or thN
same will be proceeded with ex-parte. and
that a copy Of this order bs published once
Tt! NICK Tor Jour four weeks in the Public Ledger.
Ihls the S0th day ofNnvember, 1880.
6s-6f-70-76 TH0S. FLEHILG' Up
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1880-10-23

CIRCUIT COURT las been in session
two weeks, Judges Pearre and Motter
on the bench.
A nun Der of cases of minor impor-
tancc has been disposed of.
The most notable Of local interest
was the suit Of Marx Wineland VS..
N. S. Frost and George Steyer, ad-
ministrators of Jacob Steyer, decd,
fer one thousand dollars, the amount
of check given by deceased to plain
tiff. This case had been tried twice
before, but the juries disagreed. Last
Saturday verdict was given for the
defendants.
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1880-10-23
Special Notice.

The attention OF taxpayers is cspe .ially
called to the provision OF the new Code of
Public General Laws, which says, emphat-
ically, that the collector shall collect and
pay over the taxes within six months after
icceivlng the oolls, and In the event of
his iailule to do so, he sh iii be liable to
prosecution and severe punishment.
This means that the collector, Mying;e-
ceivcd the tax books on the 3d day of Au-
gust, 1880, is obliged by law, by his oath of
office and by the bonu he has given for the
faithful performance OF his duty according
to law, ito collect and pay over the taxes
within six months that is by tie lhirG
day of February, 1881.
Tic collector has no discretion in the
matter Having accep ed Ill office, he is
bound to execute It's duties in accordance
with law, and he will there one he obliged
TO collect by the summary piecCss Of dis
tress or execution all taxes that are UNI
paid on the third day Of February, 1881,
and notice IS hereby given that all Tux bills
for 1880 in arrears on the third day of
February, 1881, will be CO .clled at once
by legal process.
Taxpayers should therefore make pio-
vision 10 comply with the requirement of
law 20 as to pay their taxes for 1880 before
February 81, 1881, and thereby save costs
trouble and much unpleasantnoss.
N. S. FROST,
Aug sll Collector,
Frostburg mining journal. [volume] (Frostburg, Md.) 1871-1913, 1880-10-23

PERsoNAI.-Robert Haydn, Esq,
formerly of this State, now of Indian
apolis, Ind, came up Tuesday evening
with Col Schley, and was present at
the democratic meeting. This was
not known. however, by his friends
until the meeting had adjourned /;
otherwise he would have been called
out for speech. They hopo he may
yet favor them before the campaign
is over. Bob is a rafting good fellow
any way you take him.
Mrs. Robt. Tenant, jr., returned
home Tuesday last after lengthy
visit to the cities.
The following gentlemen called on
US few days since: Messrs. Thcs.
Stewart and Andw. Pickens, of Iona
coming, and John M. Walker, of
Catonsville, Baltimore county.
Hon. Nathaniel Sener, of Washing
ton county, was in town Tuesday and
Wednesday last.
Mr.. Robt. Price, of Homecoming,
has been in town for the past week.