davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Miscellaneous.

LONDON. August 4.-9snsral Roberts
force for Candshar starts on Sunday.
It includes three British infantry rsgi.
ments and one cavalry. A new brigade
has been formed in Bengal, which con.
sists Of one regiment Of British infantry
and two regiments Of natives. Il has
been sent to Southern A~fghanistan.
OF ffty.thres officers Of General Bur-
rows force, twenty-ons are killed or
missing, eight wounded and escaped
and twelve arrived ct Candahar unhurt.
This leaves twelve u~naceounted for. and
1t may therefore be presumed that.
though nominally attached to Burrows
brigade, they did not accompany him.
LONDON, August A Bombay CORE.
spondent ~telegrsphs that the retirement
OF the British forces from Cabul will
follow the departure Of Roberts with
his command for Candahar. 1t Is con
sidsred insxpsdient to prolong tho occu-
patton In the face Of heavy expenditures
and the possibility Of fresh complica-
tons.
In the House Of Commons tomorrow
Parnell will ask the Chief Secretary for
Ireland whether. in view Of the rejection
Of the Compensation bill, he proposes
to employ the oo~nstabulary and military
forces tor the purpose Of assisting In
the eviction OF tenants who 0 DO
proved to be unable to pay their rents,
owing to the recent distress In Ireland.
Gladstone 10 improving. His lung
congestion has ceased and he 10 free
from fever.
There Is Q lockout Of 2400 cotton ope-
ratives at Rochdsle. The savsr de-
mandsd an increase OF wages.
PARIS, August "A young physician
OF Lyons began on Monday Q ditsen
days fast for 1000 francs. II ho succeeds.
He forfsits 100 francs for each day OF
failure.
One hundred and two amnsstied Com
munists arrived from Brest yesterday.
One hundred policemen were ct the
railway station, but scarcely $50 persons
had assembled to greet the Communists.
Henri Rochsfort was present. Twenty.
four other Communists arrived later In
the day.
CoSsrANrrNopLr. August 4.-An Amer
lean missionary and his American SER
wants, while on the road to relieve the
famishsd population, were found With
their throats cut near Ismidt. The
bodies OF DR.. Parsons and bis two SER
wants were found. The murdsrers have
been arrested. They are two nomad
Turks and confessed the crime.
BERLIN, August 4.-Eegotistions be-
tween the Russian Government and the
Chinese Embassador have been open Cd,
and the Russian press express hopes
that peace will be maintained.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Rp 70 rHE KEr

10 . very common expression. but We think that
armed to embellish and preserve them to . ripe
old age 10 decidedly more appropriate. This
can be done By keeping yourself supplied with
Q bottle Of that splendid dentifhes, Fragrant
SOZODoNT, which will beautify the teeth ana
preserve them from the rayages OF aecsy'
stsnces which inIurs the enamel. but - eoui.
posed OF rare and antiseptic herbs. when psse
I beneficial eject on the whole economy Oh ne
mouth. Sold BY druggists.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Fire.

About 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon q
FIRE started in o woodbox at the resi-.
dence Of Joseph Brice. on Noyes e
~ back OF the Hale & Norcross office,
Virginia. It burned through Q parti-
ton and up the partition to o height OF
four or five feet in the paper and cloth
lining. The flames were eItinguisbed
by persons in the vicinity before the
arrival Of the fremsn. The damage
was trihing.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Betting on the Result.

Bets on the result Of the bullssye
tournament 10 oms of at the Caledonian
picnic Saturday are numerous. At pres
emit the SarsHelds are the ~favorites, but
in Virginia the Emmett Guard finds
plenty OF champions. Carson Guard
representatives have been making high
scores OF late and may be looked upon
as the dark horses in the race.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
sutro Tunuei.

In the north header Of the Sutro tun.
mel during the week ending July 81,
ninsty.ssven feet were made. and in the
south header during that time, sixty.siI
feet. Six hundred feet OF large pipe
have been placed in the tunnel west OF
where the drain Is dropped below the
tunnel level. aud this pipe is to take the
place OF the raised boxes till the drain
can be dug and the boxes lowered.
Work in that way will be continued on
west. Total progress Of the tunnel for
July-north header 304 feet, south head
or 100 feet.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
sherman's Letter TO Hancock.

New YoRK, August IA Herald
Washington special says: The publica.
ton Of Hancock's letter to Sherman, in
reply 10 two written by Sherman in De-
oembsr, 1875, having failed to Are the
Republican heart. there IL now u loud
demand for the publication Of the two
letters of Sherman which called forth the
Hancock letter. Sherman says he Is not
disposed TO mix himself up In the Pres.
idential contest, but II the publication OF
the two letters referred to will further
benefit Hancock or make more clear his
letter TO him, then Hancock has Sher.
mans permission to give Thorn out for
publication.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05

have been to see both the old man and
woman. and he Is very e1citsbls. re-
naming cross and nervous for two or
three hours nftsr converting about Kan.
sas. He frequently asks for q knife,
and persists that he will not DO taken to
Kansas alive. Nothing new has yet
been heard from the other two Of the
family. who are yet at large, but Sheriff
Gregg expects to hear soon Of their
captura.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
keystone.

The Keystone is about to resume op-
erations with a full force. Some little
details remain yet to be attended to. but
these will not take more than a day or
two. BY the beginning Of the week
things will be in full operation there
again. The mine is sin line" and oper-
atins in virgin ground, and has certainly
oil the chances In the world in Its favor.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Bender Fully Identified.

oMAuA, August 5.-Mr. Stewart a
railroad contractor OF Blair. went to see
old man Bender yesterday at Fremont.
and, on seeing him, said: "That's oid
Bender" Stewart saw Bender before
tho family lei. their place in Kansas and
knew him we'll. he has no doubt 'na'
the prisoner is Bender: They aia NOV !.
srs.f 10 Bender about Stewart, a. u
m.L.s him sxsitsd to mention kansas
or ne name Of Bender to him. Crowds
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Challenges she Coast.

Robert Large. Of Gold Hill. who won
o number Of prizes at the CALIFORNIAN
picnic last year will not be permitted to
compete In throwing the hammers this
year. He has accordingly challenged
the coast, and It IL expected that some
California athletes will meet him ct the
Calsdonian picnic nsxt Saturday.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Jay Gould's Northern Railroad.

NEW YORK. August ga Washington
special to the Graphic says Jay Gould
has had surveyors busy in Montana all
Summer, and proposes to head of the
Northern Pacific by an extension OF his
own lines to Puget Sound. He has had
surveys made OF the first hundred miles
OF the new track, and IL will start from
Cheyenne. It will pass within twenty
miles OF Fort Laramie. or perhaps run
to that point, and then 60 on to the
vicinity Of Fort McKinnis. Thence the
road will bear west through the Big Horn
country to the Yellowstone Park. The
first thing Gould thinks he can accom-
plish to make his road pay expenses will
be to turn tourists toward the National
Park. This he is confident he car &C.
complish In sufficient numbers to make
the enterprise profitable. From the
Park NO route has been decided
upon, but Il will probably bear west
south OF the Bitter Creek Mountains
along the Snake river valley. The sur.
ysyors are expected to report every day
upon the frat 100 miles. and Gould will
undertake to build that much between
now and the first Of next January. The
rapidly with which the line will DO
pushed on from the National Park will
depend somewhat on the vigor mani
tested by the Northern Pacific people.
The frat object Is to head of the rival
enterprise and, II possible, to brighten
them out OF the field. Another minor
branch OF the enterprise will be o road
to connect with the 0 line near Lara.
mic, and proceed to Dsadwood, thus
tapping the Black Hills country. This
will do away with the necessity for fur
thsr parlsy on the part OF the Chicago
and Northwestern people for the right
to cross the Sioux Reservation from
Fort Pierre to the Hills, for which favor
Spotted Tail modestly asked 10000 head
Of bloodsd cattle.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Circus coming.

w. W. Coles great circus is coming
and will hold forth in Virginia Monday
and Tuesday. August 90 and "a. A
wonderful circus is that same Coles,
with its mepsgerie and oil its sights.
including a hali.ton OF humanity smbod-
led in 1.-TWO souls with but o single
thought, two hearts that beat as n
in bodies six feet twsnty.thrse inches
L;ok
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
p.parsure. Last Evssing.

n A Murphy and wife. T orndorff. +
Dickman. L Liebes. W H Waters. Mrs ID
Lewis. r Nichols. s Thomas, W Peters.
J + Banks. J Bunting. Thos Grady, L
L Fowler. Mrs Daley and children. s b
Scott. Mrs " r Snyder. J Hurd. Miss
Huutley. JF Hslleck. " d Royle. Harry
Clawson. J II Graham. TB Gary. + Car
ten. J P Kelley. Miss Rusg. + Astcalf.
Miss J Clark. jos Pequignsy. Ut Fowler
and wife. Mrs + B Breese. II Smith. Mrs
McCsusland, Miss n Jack. Miss B Jack.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
The Wood Drive.

The Carson Times Of last evening
says: ''Ths 6rst instsllment Of the Car.
son river wood drive has arrived at
Empire. There are about $500 cords In
this frst lot. A lot Of 1900 cords owned
by Beer & Flanders was left in Dixon's
creek, beyond Wolf creek. and will
probably not get down for q month.
samuel Longabaugh has also 400 cords
which have not been startedN from Mark
l~ssvills yet. The wood. landed at EN-
pire. IL valued ct 50 cord"
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Csisdosiaa Picsic.

The train for Tresdway's Park. Car
son and the Caledonisn picnic will leave
Virginia ct 7:3o sharp next Saturday
morning and Gold Hill ten minutes
later. There will DO . commisssry car
attached and accommodations for all
who wish to attend. Arrangements are
all perfected for one Of the grandsst
picnics which ever went from the CON-
ltook.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Old Ophir Dump.

Some parties have made q large eIca.
walton on the west side OF North A
street. Virginia. that reaches down to
the original surface soil. and from this
are drifting out under the old Ophir
waste dump. The stratum that Is being
mined out was deposited in 1868. and is
Of a reddish-yellow color. while the
barren waste OF later date 10 Of q blue
shade. The ore taken out Is said to
average about $40 per ton. II is being
hauled to q mill in Six.mile Canyon for
reduction.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Iaquests.

The Coroner last evening held an in
quest on the Chinsman who cut his
wsasand in Virginia the night before;
verdict. suicide.
He also held an inquest this afternoon
on tho body OF Dutch Frank. Men who
had known the deceased for twenty
years swors be was Dutch Frank"
and nothing more Of Q nams did they
know for him. Verdict. accidental
death.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
Arrivals This nersiss.

AZ Smith. E Ferris. p n Marker. Chas
sivslls. l. L Cook. ChAs Murton. J Pics.
@ Ramss, A Real. @ Il Fitch. Thos Scott.
Mrs Murray. John skas, J Kelly. Mrs BE
Slater. d n Emmons, Edith Scott. Sisters
OF Charity, Senator W sharon.
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05

s.n Francisco Board.

LAST EVENING.
l65 Eureka Con-. 10
los Metallic. i0c
$50 Grand Prize. IL. II b30
700 Independence. SOC
so Belle Isle, Csc
$50 Paradise. 40c. s5e
$50 Albion. 25e
200 Hillside. 25c
80 Wales. 8 20. 3 Is
HOO North Belle Isle, 4se
100 Nj. Potosi. loo
10 Mt. Disblo, IN
l2s Bodis. 4 30. 4 co. ~
100 McClinton. soc
Ito Tiogs, CSC. soe
$50 Summit, l 20. IN
SO Syndicate. Use
225 8oodshsw. soc. $50
$50 Belvidere. ~. 10
100 Champion. SOC
100 BlsckhAwk. zoe
200 Queen Bee. zoe
700 Becker Gen., 25o
$50 Mono. IN .
$50 Con. Pacific. SOC si0
500 University. 20c
$50 Dudley. $50. $50
OILS Jupiter. l so. I 80
100 South Bulwer. 500
500 Addenda, 1 10. I o5
10 North MONDAY. AZ
so Double Standard. e0c
100 Mammoth. Q. 2 0S
80 Boston Con-. SOC
ITO Orc. N. I 80
IS Martin White. SIC. 500
$50 Silver King.
SO Tiptop. IA
HIS MORNING.
$40 ophir. 7s.7
l04o Mexican. 81, 81. 81
$50 Gould q Curry. s 80. 8 IS. 5 10
$50 Beat 4 Bslehsr. 81. S.
rs California. I IS. I -
$50 Savage. q IS. 2 so
200 Cen. Virginia. 2 so. ~
400 Chollar.
220 Potosi, lk.lU
lao Hale 4 Eorcross. 5. 3 o.
40 Ysllsw Jacket, Al. 420
$40 Imperial. CSC. zoe
10 Alpha. ~ 4 so
400 Bslchsr. 2 80. AZ
80 Confidence.
ESQ Sierra Nevada. nS, III, uh.
llk b30
lao Utah. 81. 81
SIS Bullion. I 60
100 E~xohequer. 1 60. So
S25 0vsrmAn. I Is
325 Justice. 60c
slo Union Con-. "a. 2is. 2ts, "a sio
20 Alta. I So
ls5 Julia. SOC, 45c
100 Caledonia, sSe
so Silver Hill. SOC
100 Challenge. 10
400 New York. 25c
1850 Phil. Sheridan. 25c
200 Lady Washington Con-. $50
lis Ward. I Is
206 scorpion, I IS. I 90
100 North BONANZA, 900
1850 Wells Fargo. i0c
100 Benton Con. SOC. 7Sc
100 Mackay. ioc
$40 Quinn. 81
Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1880-08-05
A CARD.

n Al, vbo ara SUFFERING from the errors and
indiscrstions Of you.h, nervous VIA w,1i ssoS -.
dseay, 81 n, cure you. FREE UF CHANGE.
esipe Ell ssmsdy was discovered bys mission.
Tnis s, Scnts XmsrIcs. Send . seLf.sddrsessd
~ sny,s ~ 10 the KIv. Josxrr T. ISxAS, station
.. New York city. 's's1S.
, 1880-02-05
PORT TOWNSEND, W. T.. THURSDAY. FEBRUARY s. 1880.

Of interest will be attempted just
now.
The women suffrsgists appeared
before Congress in so petitions yes
terday, and several Of their repre-
sentatives are here to urge their
claims before committees whenever
there is chance for hearing.
Assistant Secretary Hawley re.
ceives many ASSURANCES from his
state, Illinois, that he is wanted as
the next republican candidate for
Governor. Having served three
terms IN Congress, and given univer.
sal satisfaction, his friends naturally
turn to him when they want strong
man to gain the popular suffrage.
LEO.
, 1880-02-05

ing and lowering Of poutuons With
vessels anoat within them. ! am
satisfied that by modifying the plans
OF these hydraulic operations and
greatly augmenting their scale, aud
by interposing railroad communica.
ton between the seas To he connect
ed, ships can be conveyed across in
tervcuing land and much less expen-
sively than by canal, where the dis
tance to be traversed is great.
AS my own Investigations of the
subject have been limited to the case
of Florida, where the country is gen
orally level, | cannot undertake,
without further inquiry, to say how
much the mountains of the Central
America route ray add to the diff
Guilty of connecting the Atlantic and
Pacific by the plan proposed; but in
all other respects | would presume
to claim for the project Of Mr.. Eads
the most careful consideration.
am sir, your obedient servant,
E. J. REED.
, 1880-02-05
RAILROAD BUILDING.
Portland "Bee.nl

Portland "Bee.rI
In answer to numerous letters Of
inquiry from our Eastern subscribers
asking what railroads, if any, will be
built in Oregon and Washington this
year, we can say that the Northern
Pacific will build 200 miles east from
Ainsworth, on%the Columbia river;
work is now under way, with large
force of hands. The Oregon Rail.
way and Navigation Go. will! build
one hundred and ten miles from
Wallula, w. T., to The Dalles, Ore
gon, and twenty five miles from Tex
sas Ferry to Union Flat. Every
preparation has been made and is
going forward to break ground on
both OF these lines in a few days.
The iron is at sea, and the road will
be ready for the transportation of
this seasons crop. The Western
Oregon Railway completed section
of fifty miles from McMinnville to
Corvallis last week, and will proba-
bly, push it's line through to Junction
City this season. The Willamette
Valley Railroad will probably build
twenty-five miles to Kings valley,
and there is reasonable prospect for
the construction of a narrow guage
road from Oregon City to Springfield
in the Willamette valley, also in
time to move this seasons crops.
The 200 miles to be built by the
N. p. r. R. and the ITO miles by the
o. & r. N. Co. are direct links in
the overland connection from Port
land to Chicago.
In addition to the roads mentioned
there are the Astoria and Winnie
mucca, and the Jacksonville and
Coos Bay railroads which are being
crowded toward actual work very
, soon. tThe Columbia River and Blue
Mountain, and the Corvallis and va.
quina Bay roads may do something
in the way of construction. 9di
j Altogether the railroad outlook
for Oregon and Washington never
was anything compared to present
prospects, and prospects that are
certainties also. lDr' ja.uH .t.
, 1880-02-05
THE WORD "SOIoDOET,"

Which has already become a household
word. + derived from the Grrek, and CON-
posed Of two worl. Sozo and OdOntes.
''Sozo" translated, means to preserve. aud
"oiontes" the teeth--"S0Z0DONT' a
preseryer of the teeth. And Il Is tnie TO
It's name. 1t beautifies aud preserves the
teeth. hardens and invigOratcs the guns,
and corrcts all impurities OF the breath.
The odor OF this pure preparation Is so
delightful that II ID luxury to apply Il.
II Is as harmless a. water. Sold by drug
gists and periumers.
, 1880-02-05

A Coon MovE.-The public being
duly apprised that the term of Gov
ernor E. P. Ferry is about to expire,
have in various localities drawn up
petitions, numerously signed by our
best citizens, and forwarded the
same to the President, praying for
his reappointment, to all of which
We say: "Amenw True, we do
not believe in keeping man in Of.
fice, till he either dies or resigns, but
there is no rule without an excep-
ton. Washington Territory never
had better Governor than the pres
ent incumbent, and indeed we doubt
whether we ever will get a better
one and if we were admitted as
State to, day and had to elect our
Governor to morrow, Mr.. Z. P. Fer
ry would be our man.-Walla Walla
"Watchman."
, 1880-02-05
OUR WASHINGTON LETTER.

WASHINGTON, d. c.. Jan. 9th. 1880.
The old story Of the young man
who was cured Of dissipation by the
more awful example of his drunkeu
father may have a companion picture
in the Democratic party. The Maine
Democrats have so far outdune Til
den, Tweed, and the Southern bull
dozers, that many rampant democrats
are alarmed at the prospect. They
do not like to be placed before the
country in the attitude Of resistance
TO the Courts, as the Maine cOnspira-
tors would have them. They there
fore take occasion to renounce the
declaration of the democratic organ
at the Maine Capital, that the demo.
Gratis do not care Tor au will not
obey the mandates of the Supreme
Court whatever they may be. 1t is
also noticeable that Congressman
Ladd, Of Maine, talks very differ.
emily here and at home. While there
he was coseted with the worst of the
Legislative thieves, here he cries for
peace, and Processes always to have
been in favor Of submitting ques-
tiuns to the Courts. There is moth.
ing like an overdose of democratic
methods to cure the desire of Dem
ocracy. The Southern members of
Congress it seems thought they were
g4ing to have the full control of or
ganizing the census work in their
states. They are mistaken, South
cru republicans have appealed from
Superintendent Walker to the Pres
ident, who, it is said, has agreed chat
one half the Supervisors at least shal!
be republicans. This course is abso-
lutoly necessary to prevent demo-
cratic frauds from SO, manipulating
the returns as to swell the Southern
population and giving the ex-rebels
an undue power in Congress That
little game will be foiled at the out
sat. la.Y
Yesterday the Senate listened to a
speech of Mr.. Morrill, on the ques.
tion OF refundng the debt at flower
rate of interest than 4 per cent.
While he thought it advisable to re-
fund at as low a rate as possible, yet
it would be dangerous to experiment
in that way at present. The success
of the four per cent. bonds in our
own markets was a gratifying fact,
and it was better TO act upon a GER
tainty than to give spectators a
chance to injure our credit by cry
ing down the new government
bonds. There are many republicans
who disagree with Senator Morrill,,
but it is generally thought that no
action looking to reducing the rate
, 1880-02-05
HOW TO CONNECT THE COMMERCE
or the ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC.
Rooms OF THE

w ASHlNGTON NEWS ASSoClAlloN'
EDITOR ARG Us:-
All branches of industry, but as
pecially of agriculture and manu'uc-
lures are vitallv interested in the
problem Of making u closer conncc-
ZION between the commerce of the
Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.
Whether the great expense involved,
the engineering difficulties to be
,varcome, and the very long time re-
quired, will render impracticable an
inter oceanic canal, and cause the
substitution therefor of railway for
transporting vessels across the 18TH
mus, is question which will proba'
bly, have the attention of Congress
as we'll as of capitalists before long.
in advance Of it's more general dis
cussion, we send you the following
letter, which was printed in the
London "Tilnes" of recent date,
from Hon. E. J. REED, a member Of
the British Parliament, and the most
celebrated naval architect in Europe:
write to express the hope that
the project of substituting a ship
railway across the Isthmus of Pana-
ma for the costly canal which is in
contemplation, referred to in the let.
ter Of your Philadelphia correspond.
ent in the "Times" of this day, will
receive in this country and in France
the consideration which it well de-
serves. / have for some time past
had under consideration similar
scheme of my own for conveying
ships across the north Of the great
Peninsula Of Florida, and although
have not had leisure to develop it
sufficiently to justify me in putting
it in detail before the public, | have
gone long way toward satisfying
myself that it is feasible plan, and
highly economical in comparison
with ship canal.
Mr.. Eads who has now announced
and advocated the plan in America,
is an engineer of the greatest abil-
ity, distinguished alike by the great
ness of his engineering conceptions
and by the theoretical and practical
knowledge which he brings to bear
upon their development. i first
made his acquaintance in connection
with war vessels and machinery con-
structed during the American war,
and found him most able in grasping
the essentials of tho war-ship prob
lem and in the application of steam
to the objects in view. He has since
given abundant evidence of engin-
eer!ng skill in other spheres and on
larger scales.
1t may not be generally known
that this country has done much in
the way of lifting vessels bodily
from one level to another, both in
the case Of the hydraulic decks Of
Mr.. Edwin Clark and in the Ander-
ton barge lift in Cheshire, where the
Bridgewater Canal and tho River
Weaver (of which tho former is forty
feet above the latter are placed in
working communication by the rails.