davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
TRANSPORTATION.
The New Railroad Line to Center City TO
be Opened Eaturday-Northern Pacific
Freight House-Personals, Etc-River
and Lake News.


Freight House-Personals, Etc. River
and Lake News.
General Agent Sanborn has in his keeping
two handsome silver spikes, which are to be
used in laying the Northern Pacific traok on
the boundary line between Dakota and Mon.
tana. 1t will be some weeks yet before the
track layers reach that point, though they will
be there long before winter should set in.
Meantime Mr.. Sanborn will take good care of
those spikes, Afterwsrds-well the Northern
Pacific company won't risk having ita track
torn up-a special guard will be stationed at
the boundary line.
The playful antics of two boys named Syl-
veski and Manke at the Sioux City railroad
shops yesterday morning almost resulted In
serious accident. The boys turned off the
brakes of gravel train and the cars started at
go-as-you-please gait down the grade. They
ran into dirt car, but were fortunately stop
ped before much damage was done. The boys
were before Judge O'Br1en. who discharged
them with reprimand.
General Manager Sargent will be in his Office
to-day, having returned from the North last
night.
The frame of the Northern Pacific freight
house was being raised yesterday. The build
ing will be 400 feet long by 40 feet wide.
1us Ots Edul Auu MsnltODa railroad company
filed an appeal in the district court yesterday
from the award Of the appraisers as to the pro-
perty of Peter Pfeifer, which it is claimed, was
assessed more than its value.
Mr.. 0. E. Glenn, of the st. P, M. 4 NJ. of.
flee force, returned yesterday from short va
cation spent in Iowa.
The wheat rate from Fargo to Duluth, 262
miles, is 15 cents per bushel.
The pretty steam barge Lulu was yesterday
transported by rail from Lake Elmo to Lake
Minnetonka. She is to be rechristened the
Nautilus, and will be run on Minnetonka in
connection with the st. Panl 4 Manitoba COM
pany's trains. The Nautilus has been thorough
ly inspected. under government rules, and was
pronounced sound and perfect.
Our pool yesterday raised the rate on -four
to Chicago 10 cents per barrel.
Hon. Donald Smith, director of the st. Paul
d Manitoba company, is expected to arrive here
from Winnipeg to-day.
Messrs. Smith and Hair, general superintend-
ent and general ticket agent of the st. Paul &
Duluth railroad, are charged with organizing
an excursion party of business men of st. Paul
to assist in opening the new line to Chisago
Lake and Center City. On account of the
limited hotel accommodations at Center City,
the excursionists are to go prepared for bas-
ket picnic. Monday the people of Center City
and vicinity will be treated to an excuraion to
st. Paul, and another issue of Hairs Weekly,
Saturday, will give the running time of trains
on the new line. The passenger trains will,
We understand, run in connection with the
main line through trains, 30 that ono, leaving
here in the morning, can spend the day at
Center City and return home to tea.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
The National Game.
Instructors of The Blind.

LOUISVILLE. Ky., Aug. 1.-THE sixth meet
ing of the American association of Instructors
of the Blind began to-day at the Kentucky in
stitute for the blind. There were sixty repre-
sentatives from various States present. The
afternoon session was occupied with speeches
of welcome The night session was devoted to
discussion of the affairs of the American
printing house for the blind, located here. The
convention will be in session two days longer.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
GALLANT KNIGHTS.
MAGNIFICENT DEMONsTRATION At
CHICAGO.

Twenty Thousand Sir knights In Line
And Requiring Three Hours to Pass
Given Point-Rich aud Profuse Deco
ratIons Along the Line of March-Rich
Uniforms, Splendidly Executed Evolu-
tIons and Grand Iusic-Spectators Num-
bered by the Hundreds of Thousands-~
Grand Ball In the Evening Scenes and
Incidents of the Day.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
GENERAL FOREIGN.

BERLIN, Aug. 17.-In consequence of the
renewal of the Law for prohibition of the ex-
port of corn.
ROME, Aug. l7.-Tbc pope will hold con-
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
Duluth Marine Ne,cs.
Especial Telegram to the Globe

Especial Telegram to the Globe.
DULUTH, Minn., Aug. 17.-Arrived: Propel-
Ter City of Owen, Sound, Collingwood, fifteen
tons of mdse. and forty passengers.
Cleared: Propeller Peerless, Chicago, one
hundred barrels of salt.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18

Hiram Warner, chief justice of supreme
court of Georgia, has resigned.
Glendale. q Cincinnati suburb, had 9 $16, 900
fire last night.
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
First Grand ptpision.

First Grand DtuiSioR.
Eminent Sir Henry Turner, Captain General,
Commanding, with Aids.
FIRST DIVISION.
Eminent Sir Jas. Elwood, Grand Senior War
den, commanding.
Aids; Sir H. s. Bryan, SIR Z. W. Sawyer, Sir
Charles G. Hyder.
Band.
Illinois Communicates.
SECOND DIVISION.
Eminent Sir Haswell G. Clark, Grand Junior
Warden, commanding.
Aids: Sir William l.. Dustin, Sir John ID.
Orabtree, Sir Richard T. Flourney.
Band.
Illinois Communicates.
THIRD DIVISION.
Eminent Sir O. W. Banning Grand Standard
Bearer, commanding.
Aids; Sir Edward P. Cronkey, Sir Jos, q. Dix
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
OVER THE OCEAN.
0Osr OF ENGLISH OCCUPATION OF
INDIA.

Large Deficit to be Met by the Imperial
Government-Denuncia of Dillon's
Revolutionary Utterances Nelson's
Death Due to Natural Causes-Unfavora-
BILE Condition of the Harvest in England
and y-NIiscellaneous Old World
News,
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18
on, Sir John B. Jeffray, Eminent Sir John


on, Sir John B, Jeffray, Eminent Sir John
d. McCarr.
Band.
Illinois Communicates.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Eminent Sir Daniel T. Hunt, New York, .com-
manding.
Aids: Sir Jos. O. Humphrey. Sir W. W. Ramsey.
Eminent Sir W. q Bradley.
New York, Virginia. Vermont and Connecticut
Commentaries.
FIFTH DIVISION.
Sir R. L. Fleming, Ohio, commanding.
Aids: Eminent Sir Louis O. Starkel, Sir Geo.
q. Harlo, Sir N. T. Roolin.
Band.
Ohio Communicates.
SIXTH DIVISION.
Sir George W. Short, Ohio, commanding.
Aids: Sir Chas. 81. Floch, Eminent Sir Rhinna
D. Lawrence, Illinois, Sir Charles F. Adams.
Band.
Ohio Communicates.
Second Grand Dsriston.
Sir Fayette Fletcher, Vermont, commanding,
with aids.
SEVENTH DIVISION.
Northern Ohio Battalion.
Eminent Sir W. T. Walker, Ohio, commanding.
Aids: Sir j. D. Norton, Sir T. B. Terry, Sir
Frank Knight, Sir Thomas 81. Andrew.
Band.
Ohio Commanderies.
EIGHTH DIVISION
q. B. Grant, Kentucky, commanding.
Aids: Sir John Chiffon, Sir T. r. Hilger, Sir
George e. Marshall.
Band.
Kentucky Communicates.
NINTH DIVISION.
Sir Jno. P. 8. Goblin, Pennsylvania, COM
manding.
Aids Sir Consider q. Willett, Sir Leander
D. Condees. Sir Adam Ochs.
Band.
Pennsylvania Commanderies.
TENTH DIVISION.
Sir Richard L. Woolsey, Indiana. command
ing.
Aids: Eminent Sir Jas. G.. Waugh, D. O., Sir
q. b. O. Miller, Sir A. G. Walker.
Band.
Indiana, Texas, District of Columbia and Can
adian Commanderies.
ELEVENTH DIVISION.
Sir o. b. Currier, Michigan, commanding.
Aids: Sir Edward O. Krieder, Illinois, Sir r.
NJ. Barrett, Sir J. M. McGill, Indianapolis.
Band.
Michigan Communicates.
TWELFTH DIVISION.
Sir Oliver Clifton, Mississippi, commanding.
Aids: Sir E. @. Page, Illinois, Sir J. T. Ever
ick, Sir Lloyd G.. Gage.
Band.
Michioan and MississiDni Communicates
Daily globe. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1878-1884, 1880-08-18

BRILLIANT AND INSPIRING SCENE,
It was afternoon when the last division
wheeled into line. By that time the advance
guard of police who headed the procession had
reach Lake street on the return march. 1t
was estimated that nearly 10000 knights were
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15
Nature and the Poets.

The poetic Interpretation of nature,
which has come to be a convenient
phrase, and about which the Oxford
professor OF poetry has written book,
is, OF course, a myth, or is to be read
the other way. It is the soul the poet
interprets, not nature. There is moth
ing in nature but what the beholder
supplies. Does the sculptor interpret
the marble or his own ideal? Is the
music in the instrument, or in the soul
of the performer? Nature is q dead
clod until you have breathed upon it
with your genius. You commune with
your own soul. not with woods or wa
ters; they furnish the conditions, and
are what you make them. Did Shelley
interpret the song of the sky-lark, or
Keats that of the nightingale They
interpreted their own wild, yearning
hearts. The trick of the poet is always
to idealize nature-to see il subjective
~. You cannot find what the poets
find in the woods until you take the
poets heart to the woods. He sees ma
ture through colored glass it
truthfully, but with an understandable
charm added, the aureole of the spirit.
A tree, a cloud, bird, sunset, have
no hidden meaning that the art of the
poet is to unlock for us. Every poet
shall interpret them differently, and in
terpret them rightly, because the soul
is infinite. Milton's nightingale is not
Coleridges; Burns daisy is not Words
worth's; Emerson's humble.bee is not
another's; nor does Turner see in ma
ture what Tintoretto does, nor Vero.
nese what Correggio does. Nature ia
all things to all men.-John Bur-
roe1ghs, IN ScribaeT's Mo7athlv.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

moonlight, but the restless steeds would
deign to no more slow PAGES that even
ing.
We, with q few more friends added to
our party, were celebrating the second
anniversary of that monotonous pic
MIC" on = similar sultry August after
noon.
Boat-riding was in order after our
luscious repast spread upon the ground.
But some preferred to remain on the
beach and watch the others glide over
the smooth waters.
What was it; a hand reaching out
from elysium to draw that happy pair
over to those blissful fields?
Too bad to remove them from their
lovely grave. We knew their souls
would have fed ere their bodies could
be gathered to the shore.
Nettie's widowed mother, always del
icate, sat silent and trembling, looking
! unto Him who has said, "When thou
passeth through the waters I will be
with thee"
When the ifeless forms of her chill
dren were laid at her feet, with uplifted
hands and streaming eyes she ex-
claimed, 90, my Father, how can I
bear i'll" and fell dead by their sides.
She had, indeed, found a son when
her loving and beloved daughter be-
came Mrs. Willard Carol on q bright
June day only two short months be-
fore.
The stately Mrs. Staunton was the
first to think of the almost frantic Jim !;
and as she, like the poor boy, had not q
relation left on earth, she claimed him
for her son.
The clock was tolling the solemn
midnight hour when We entered the
village following the corpses in silent
tread.
The news had preceded us, and the
villagers were wild with excitement.
The older men and women recollected
how they loved Mrs. Lyle for her gentle,
winning ways, when she, a little wee
thing, first came among them, their
pastors only child.
And they remembered, too, that in
after years she filled her dead mothers
place in the hearts of the Pensioners,
and comforted her bereaved father.
Neither had they forgotten that her
young life was blighted by dissipated
husband; but by her patience, gentle
ness and Christian charity she won him
back into the paths of rectitude, and
saved him from drunkard's grave.
Nettie, though of different tempera-
ment, was equally as well beloved as
her mother.
And Willard had won the esteem OF
all who knew him in the short time he
had been among them.
How could the neighbors say twas
the saddest funeral they ever attended,
when twas stamped so indelibly on
those placid brows that @He giveth His
beloved sleep?"
BELLEFoNTAINE, Ohio.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15
BIZ TBE HEARTH.


You como too late;
" lis far on in November.
Tho wind strikes bleak
Upon the cheek
That careth rather to keep warm
land where's the harmN
Than to abate
Ono jot Of its calm color for your sake.
Watchl Sect Is,ir the eu,ber
Upon my lonely hearth, and bid tho nrs waka.
And think you that 1t willy
IT'S burned, I say, to ashes.
II smolners cold
Al graveyard mold.
I wish, indeed, you would not blow
Upon 1t sol
The dead to kill.
I say, the ghosts of fires will never stir,
Nor woman lift tho lashes
OF eyes wept dim, howe'er yours shine or love Of
herl
Al, sweet surprised
did not think such shining
Upon the gloom
OF this cold room
Could fall Your even, strong, calm breath
Calls life from death.
The warm light lies
At your triumphant feet faint with desire
70 reach yon zee! The lining
OF violet and Of silver In that sheath Of 6rei
II you would care
Although it is November
will not say
bitter nay
70 such gift for building fires.
And though 1t tires
Nc to think Of it'll own to you
III you can stir the ee,ber)
It may be found at last, just warm enough for two
-Sc,4bner's Monthly.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15
Curious Facts About Memory,

A French scientist has been studying
the faculty of memory as exhibited by
different races, and its relation to the
other mental faculties as shown in indi-
viduals OF, the same race. His statements
are interesting;
The inferior races of mankind, such
as negroes, the Chinese, ETC., have more
memory than those of hi gh type Of
civilization.
Primitive races which were unac.
quainted with the art of writing had q
wonderful memory, and were for ages
in the habit of handing down, from one
generation to another, hymns as volum.
nous as the Bible.
Prompters and professors of declam-
alton know that women have more
memory than men. French women will
learn foreign language quicker thar
their husbands.
Youths have more memory than adults.
1t Is we'll developed in children, attains
its maximum about the fourteenth OF
fifteenth year, and then decreases.
Feeble individuals of a Emphatic
temperament have more memory than
the strong. Students who obtain the
prize for memory and recitation chiefly
belong to the former class.
Partisan students have also less mem.
DRY than those who come from the prov
inces. At the Ecole Normale and other
schools the pupils who have the best
memory are not the most intelligent.
Thememory is more developed among
the peasantry than among citizens, and
among the clergy than among the laity
From a physiological point of view
memory is diminished by overlooking
by physical exercise, and by education
in this sense, that the illiterate have
potentially more memory than those
who know how to read and write.
We remember, moreover, better in
the morning than in the evening, in the
summer than in the winter, and better
in warm than in cold climates.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15
* ONE w0l1Als's Love.
N T. o. Ia NOiLI2,

u 10 summer evening,
And, A. the sunlight dies,
10 fades my Lady Lora, s., -
A. on her couch She lies, s..
With weeping friends around hae.
And death -mists dim her eyes.
Beside her sits . poet;
He clasps her clasping hands:
Her smiles make bright his verses
And through Ill noble lands
HIS love wins fame aud honor
By beautyB sweet demands,
He whispers now . message
OF love. and faith, aud trust;
he passionately kisses
Her lips Of chilling dust.
There IL . sudden tumult-
A stranger enters, Just
When vaDishes the sunlight;
And now my Lady sleeps,
At1ast, In dreamless slumber;
Another mOurner Weeps.
Out speaks the grieving poet,
And who 10 this who keepa
His WOO concealed so closely,
Until it ia too latet"
Outspesks the scowling stranger,
Il reached the city gate
Just now. and found long journey
Brought me, indeed, too late.
II knew this winsome Lady
A year ago In Spain;
She gave her solemn promise,
When summer came again,
That we should be united
BY loves ungalling chain!"
The poets eyes are flashing,
And, with choking cry,
He says, 1Who doubts my Lady,
Who says that she could sigh
To me and to anotherf-
Itiing to him the lie!"
The stranger, coolly saying,
"Look in that locket! r.
The poet cries, ~rhat picture
IL mine!" The spring they try
And lol the priest who shriyed her
On her true heart doth lie.
HICA0o, Ill.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15
Filial Love,

There is not on earth a more lovely
sight than the unwearied care and attcn.
ton of children to their parents. Whe~:
filial love is found in the heart, we viii
answer for all the other virtues. No
young man or woman will turn out base
ly, we sincerely believe, who has parents
respected and beloved; child, Affection
ate and dutiful, will never bring the gray
hairs OF its parents to the grave. The
wretch who breaks forth from wholesome
restraint, and disregards the laws of his
country, must have first disobeyed his
parents, showing neither love nor respect
tor them. It is seldom the case that a
dutiful son is found in the ranks OF
vice, among the wretched and degraded.
Filial love will keep men from sin and
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

crlme. There will come q time while
your parents live, that you will not be
under Obligations to them. The older
they grow, the more need will there be
for your assiduous care and attention to
their wants. The venerable brow and
frosty hair speak loudly to the love and
COMPASSION of the child. IfsicKness and
infirmity make them at times fretful,
bear with them patiently. not forgetting
that time may ere long bring you to need
the same care and attention.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15
Given in Love.

A little girl years old died in the
city of Philadelphia Pa. When the
doctor told her that she could not live
she babe her mother send for the pas,
tor OF the church, and gave him her
little savings bank.
"Open it," she said.
There were in it 81 aud a few cents.
take them," said the child, "and
build church for poor people. Poor
people, mind, who sit in the back seats
of our church. They must not pay
anything. I want all the seats to be
free"
The clergyman took the money. My
child" he said, solemnly, lit shall be
done, with Gods help"
When the child was dead he placed
her little bank and the pittance it con-
tanned on the pulpit, and told her story.
Tears were in every eye. One wealthy
man after another came forward with
his Offering. Children came, women
also, and the poor with their mites.
And in due time, the completed
church ready for it's poor occupants was
dedicated to the service of that God
who willed that the widows mito and
the poor little baby's Offering should
not fail of their errand.
A somewhat similar case occurred in
Milwaukee, Wis. A poor woman, dying
in an infirmary under the charge of the
good DR.. Passavant in Pittsburgh,
gave him gold dollar.
I have always tried to give some.
thing to those poorer than myself" she
said. when I am dead give this in
charity, and give it, if possible, in Mil
waukee, my old home"
Agar passed, and DR.. Passavant still
kept the coin, when he was called to
Milwaukee to establish IN infrmary
similar to his own.
The story of the dollar was told, and
awakened sympathy. Subscriptions
poured in, and the subscribers, with one
voice, agreed that the great building
when finished, should bear the name o.
the poor widow.
Surely no good word is spoken il
vain. We may not, a. in these cases
be able to have the echoes widespread
but God hears them.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

An old physician, retired from practice having had
placed In his hands BY East India missionary the
formula of . simple vegetable remedy for the speedy
end permanent cure for Consumption, Bron / tits,
also positive and radical for Nervous Debility
and I'll Nervou. Complaints, after having tested its
tet 1t his duty 70 known to bis suffering fe3wa
suffering will send free Of charge TO eli Who des'r H.
this recipe In German, French, English, with full
directions for preparing and uslns Sent BY mail b.
6HH1AR, ~ Powers Block, Rochester, ny.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

Frank Lealie's Chatterbox 10 expressly Dc
signed to please the eye with it, wealth OF pictures
and to and instruct youthful readers with
It. carefully prepared literary content which ~ilI
struct, children Of tender yeers- The CnA71EREo1
ahould b IN every household. Published monthly
Price only 10 cents copy, o. year postage free.
Frank Aeslfe's R'uhltshfng House,
g, IS aud 81 Park Place, New York
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

frank Ieslie's Pleasant Hours.-A month
periodical con aiming literature Of tho most pleas
&C. etc. Every story complete 10 each number and
sne paSes abound With besattfuI sngr&vines and OF
c6eoiogly delightful and entertaining reading.
Reasa1t hour can slw.ys b passed in it, COMPANY.
paid.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

frank 1eslie's Boys and Girls Week,x.
Inc oldest and best juvenile paper published A con
En succession Of seIi. and Short Storvs fuli Of
Eun Anlma tion and brightness. free from sansa-
tionatism Portraits and sketches of Distnapished
Tq.pvai "a sss PUBLIC SCHOOL,. Adventures Foreign
profusey illustrated. Published every Mondsy Prica
single number cents; annual subscription. S250
postage included. ~~~
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

Frank 1ea.ie,s LADY,. u,~.-,,r,.
Un.y complete Fashion Magazine in America its re-
pt tns ever-varying styles OF Costumes Hats Bon
uoC etc., are published smut with inns. in
ssrest 50 that the
fiates impo ted monthly from Paris are
w. deserip.ions ard the are 10
varied snd enter aiming character Fubshsu n,on,S
y; annual ~ Inscription. $3.50. postpaid
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

Frank LesIie's Budxct.-A M.... =. f.
moron and Sparkling Stories, I.les Of Heroisn. al
of * " .no satire most entertaining pubIicat;or
sadoss stirring st Startling cidenfs Az
ecuotes' etc etc 1t Is profusely and hapdsomev ne
tFsted Published monthly Single cony is %
a subscription $l.5O, postpaid. ~ ~0iD
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15
Cure for malarlal, Reeds Gilt Edge Tonic.
10 Wise and HapDy.

- "1bo 300 A0DDys
If you will stop all your extravagant
and wrong notions IN doctoring yourself
and families with expensive doctors OF
humbug cure-alls, that do harm always,
and use only natures simple remedies
for all your ailments-you will be wise,
we'll and happy, and save great expense.
The greatest remedy for this, the great,
wise and good will tell you, is Hop Bit
ters-rely on it. See another column.
-Press.
When exhausted by mental labor take
Kidney-Wort to maintain healthy action
of all organs.
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

n frank LcsEte's Lady's journal ia the r,o.,
Topular Artistic and Entertain ming OF the WeekI,
t OF Fashion Each number contains lG paxes
WIN excellent Pictures and Full Dissertation. ~ Ina
Vi istest Styles OF Ladies and Child en- Wear use
p D. tn.oImauon on Family Topics, Select Stories.
f., f1shlonabls Intelligence Personal Chit Chat
ps; e.e Fashion Plates are imported monthly from
4, Hias e1elnsveiy for the LADE's Journal. Publish
"a, postpaid. ~ "oose1Apt'oo
The Worthington advance. [volume] (Worthington, Minn.) 1874-1908, 1880-01-15

Frank Leslie'a SUNDAY M,raxfuc-rh,,
ofant periodical is nndoubte ly the cheapest Sun.
gay haRazl @ thew rid; have SECURED to
commend tons OF the religious and SECULAR press Pure
.nu neaitny IN tone and teaching, strictly nonsec.ar
1 H. pres nts the Truth 10 its most forms
lures. Essays, Poems, and Iii ceilsny eu,bracius :
variety o, subjests l qu4rto pages and M u
every moth Price single copy. Is cents annual sub