The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1880-06-03

SiSted OF two mill stones. the lower or heu
stone. and the runner. The excavations of
Pompeii show this construction eff the graip
mills used by the Romans.
The driving of mills by water power Is
said to have been first invented by NTH
ridates the Great, king Of Poutus. They
first came into use into western Europe III
the yard 81 B. G. Public mills were first
used under Emperors Honorius and Area
dius in the year $50 \. D..
A what time wind mills were first built
is not easily determined. They were intro
duced into France and England at the time
OF the Crusadas, about 1910 a. ID. The
first steam mill was built III London IN
1873.
Previous to the discovery Of the art OF
bo,tinr in connection with milling. men
were employed to go from house to house
and sift the bread >stutfs. 1t was not until
the YEAR 1882 th4t helllng cloths reached
any degrees OF ftertectloE. In the latter
part of last century two systems OF Dolilpg
-four we've IN vogue. America, England
and France employed cyllnder-shaped bolts
and used upon them metal fabrics; while
Germany, Austria and other lands employ
ed the shake-bolt for which Bohemia, Ba
varia and Thuringia supplied the WOODEN
cloth Ia te first the machines were very
comulicated, TO which also was added the
liability Of the metal fabric to oAydize,
through which means, especially ~ moist
weather. the yield lessened. The shake
bolts gave yer. unsatisfactory results, he-
cause the wooden cloths with which the
reels were clothed, had no symmetrlc ai ar
rargement of the meshes.
On the breaking out of the war OF lnde
peDdence. the Americans were in great
straits because they could not obtain a sup
p,y of wire cloth. The French were placed
in a similar position on the outbreak OF the
French revolution. Necessity Is SAID to be
the mother OF invention, and IN TINS III
stance it asserted its Ciaim to that homo,
for the Americans turned to Holland whose
ships sometimes visited her coasts, and en-
ployed the Holland tishnet factories to man
~ufaciure d cloth which Will gradually mn
proved to No. s, and were so pleased with
it that they discontinued the use OF the
wire cloth entirely.
In the year 1882 the firm OF Lurlct, then
known as Henry Bodmen, mode an effort
to manufacture betting cloth OF SILK, ana
met success. The cloth met with great ia
vor in America, and American -four soor
> made its appearance in European markets
! whe.e it's excellent quality excited unlver
sal admiration. And thus 1T was tina
practical men travelled from Germany and
Aussria 10 America IN oIder to gain an IN
= sight into milling rs practiced here. lie
! first and only factory for the nanutactcf'
" of boiling cloth VAS soon followed by GA
III Rhinelan6, that of Messrs. Dufour Il Go
I The competition thus excited caused IN
" rrea. est efforts to be made to surpass eaci
= d, her Wbe the Holland factories wit
i" their greatest care could produce only Nc
- :. as their finest quality, the Swise factorie
:. raised the finest of their cloth to NO. lt
One can obtain idea oithe hneness o
- No. Is cloth when he learns that In q sqnaf
- - .l,,o :, ~ chant OSn(D anprturCS
- It was Oliver Evans who gave the ms
" imnetus TO improvements in the mills Q
~ this country in 1855. To his inventions "
- are indebted for the fact that at present II
~ br, adsi utfs of the United states are consie
= ere3 enual TO those o. any other country .
its the globe. u =,
% Hungary can boast the largest mill in tt
at world, and her milling Is carried On with q
or exactitude and perfection unknown els
~ where. She has for some years past e.
no loved the reputation OF making the DE
~ hour in the world. but now she is compeli'
- to share that honor with the United State
~ MANY of the western mills have used su
" c~essfully the new invention for purlfyli
middlings and making what is termed ne
nrocess -FOUR A few words on this SUI
ho iect NAV prove interesting. A grain
IN wheat consists essentially OF three parts:
on lst. The outside hui or bran compos'
,re of several layers, and serving as a prote
-, ton to the inner structure against outsl
to destructive agencies.
-, :" I'd. The germ, L soft, oily substan
+" which embodies the principle of develo
is ment. =.
wa Sd. Starch and glutinons matter, WIN
lse is the bulk Of the grain. 1t Is the last su
stance which the milleI OF the present q
.re desires to separate from the other two, a
ne convert into the state best suited for co
mercial demands.
in The new process -Four = ,h mace ;s t 3Se " uhs
known as hisn = Glow
)ra- IS gr0uhu uhoei Nsno &C. E.tlo Anur
ead possible on, the first run, and as much m
Tn dlings, or what we term seconds. 4.
The middlings are then taken latter t
III. -four is belted, from them and run tnrou