Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, 1880-04-03
that there Is more wear from rust than from
use with farm machinery.
NOTES ON ORCHARD AND GARDEN WORK.

| NOTES ON ORCHARD AND GARDEN WORK.
| ORCHARD AND NURSERY.-Whoever sets out
| an orchard Of course does It with the expecta-
| ton OF a return In fruit No one plants corn or
potatoes without first considering If the land
| proper condition he knows that he must make
| II so, or loose his seed and bis labor Much less
| than corn and potatoes can fruit trees make a
| crop on nothing. The trees Will struggle along,
do the best they can, but such orchards do not
| pay, and run out" early. Unless the land Is
sufficiently fertile for an ordinary farm crop, 1t
sn0uid ne made SO; no soil too wet for such
crops VIII answer for fruit trees, which, to sue
ceee, need well drained land. The blowing
should De as deep as the character OF the soil
Will allow, and the sub soil pillow may generally
follow the other with benefit.
THE TREEs.-It is assumed that trees were Or
dered some time ago; they should be at hand
ready ior planting. IL Is the custom at nurseries
or trees most called for, this retards the growth
and allows them to I'LL late orders. Ii there Is
nursery near at hand 1t will pay to make a
bargain, IL possible, to help dig the trees your
self, and thus secure larger share Of the roots
that belong to them, II trees, In long journey,
become dry and shr1Veled, bury them, root and
t ppane h IN mellow earth for few days, when
trees, look to the labels as some may become
detached and would otherwise be lost.
LAYING OUT.-In stalking out the ground take
care TO have the trees In true rows. Put ali of
the same variety together, and If there are many
ton OF each.
get all ne can for the money, and the nursery
men send much larger tops to the trees than
me pruned roots In their new positions can sup
pOr r, IL is SAFE 10 shorten the branches one
thlrd or one-half. but 1t should be done with
Judgment and reference to the condition OF the
roots. AT the same time pare smooth any
broken or mangled roots.
PLANTING.-In setting tree take time to do
1t properly; spread the roots evenly and to their
1ull length, and so work In the soil among them
that there will be 10 hollow places. Water may
dashed In by the pailful, but showered from a
watering-pOt Do not stamp the soil down
around the roots, but firm it carefully with the
Ioot. the tree should be set no deeper than it
CROPS.-The soil of young orchard may be
kept In cultivation until the trees begin to bear
corn, but potatoes and root-crops are the best
GRAFTING.-A tree that Is OF a poor or worth
less sort should be renovated by grating
This can be done this month.
CIONS should have been cut early. but NAV he
secured until the buds start. Many nursery
men cut stock OF ciOnS OF all the leading va
rietles In advance, and can supply them by mail
ROOT,GRAFTs.-Those who would start an
orchard at very small outlay, can begin with
root-grafts These are roots in which gratis
are SET; the Work Is done In the winter and the
grated roots kept In boxes OF earth until they
can DE set out in spring. Many nurserymen
of1er these for sale, and they are the cheapest
10 be set 2 feet apart, in rows Instant enough
to work with a cultivator, and put in with
diboie SO deep that only the top bud is above
ground. Keep them well cultivated, and 80
per cent, or more. should be thrifty young
trees In autumn. In or years. according to
the variety, they will be large enough to set In
INsECTs.-Destroy the eggs Of the Tent Cater
pillar, which are to be found In small closely
nttlDg rings or bands near the ends of the
smaller twigs, and may be cut away. Many
insects harbOr beneath the loose bark of trees.
ana oy scrap1ng this off and washing the
trunk and limbs with solution of soft SOAP.
niue innch good may be done. To prevent the as
Worm, use heavy brown paper bound closely
around the trees trunk. and then smear with
cheap printers ink or tar. The bands will have
10 oe Ie-coated at frequent intervals through
FRUIT GARDEN
CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES.-Prunea at once
ing and mulch1ng will increase the size of the
crop and the fruit So soon as the leaves are eff
nuCh size the worms may be expected. Ex-
anime the under surface OF the lower leaves for
the eggs, and destroy all that are found
when holes are seen In the leaves apply White
HelleDOre, either Spr1nkled dry or mixed In
water, tablespoonful or so to patlful OF
water II Is better to first scald the Hellebore
with little boiling water before adding &c to
stirred f
should be set out by all who have a SPARE
corner On the place, as along fenc e. or bF the
side OF "a shed Under ordinary care few
vines will give an abundance of nice fruit In
It's season, and every farmer should feel that
he mas place Tor few grape vines.
KITCHEN AND MARKET GARDEN,
GOLD fhANKs.-The plants from these are to
De SET out SO soon as the soil is ready, and the
SaSneS USED On other frames to push forward a
crop OF lettuce, which latter. when out OF the
way, Is to be followed by cucumbers-thus MAX
ing the most out OF the investment In glass At
THIS season the frames should have an abund-
ance OF fresh air. and while generally open
curing the day, they must be shut at night and
Ii cold days
WINDOW BOXES may be placed out of doors On
warm days to harden off plants; they may be
left out overnight when not cold enough to
chill them.
A MARKER can be easily made from piece of
handles and pegs are fastened. The pegs may
peg inches apart on zone side and II on the
other. A line is used as a guide in making the
first rows, after which, by allowing the outside
peg 10 run In an Old mark, all the rows may
be straight.
AsPARAGUs.-The old ideas about the elaho
rate preparation for an asparagus bed are out
OF date; 1t is as easy to make bed for as
paraguS as almost any other plant, and moth
Ing pays any better for the little trouble. Set
the new beds SO soon as the plants can be had.
SiFlng1t generous manuring, and putting the
crowns about four inches below the surface
Rows Ieet apart, with foot between the
plants, IS a good distance for the family
garden, put II room can be spared the distance
may DE increased. Let the plants grow until
the third year before cutting. The coarse liter
should be raked from the old bed to make it
smooth and clean, before the stems begin To
come through the ground.
EARLY POTATOES should be put into the
ground at The earliest possible date. When
started IN boxes they may be greatly fastened;
In planting take care that the tender sprouts
are not broken Off. The soil should be light
and warm for early potatoes.
SWEET POTATOES.-The time for setting in the
latitude OF New York city is about June 1st
anu the roots should be put In the hot-beds for
starting at least six weeks previous to this.
The soil OF the hot-bed need not be rich, but
light and loose, and well warmed. Nothing is
gained by putting this Sub-tropical plant in
open ground until 1t is warm.
CABBAGES.-SOw seeds In hot beds for me-
dunn crop; the plants from the cold frame win
supply the early crop.
CORN Is one of the terlde7 plants, and should
not be put In the ground until there is settled
weather and warm soil for 1t. ''Corn- planting
time varies with the locality and good judg,
ment must decide.
PEAs.-Sow s'Daniel O'Rourke' and s.Alphan
1Or early, and the champion of England for
late; the champion" needs tall brush to do Its
best.
SUCCESSION CRoPs-Beets Radishes. Peas.
ETC., should De Sown at intervals of two weeks
or so, that there may be succession of fresh
ODDS AND ENDS.-TTy few ne.C varieties for
the pleasure and possible profit that they may
bring but do not go into novelties largely
Keep the garden perfectly clean of weeds at
Tue start as weapon in the struggle against
the enemy. Nothing does better execution
than heavy rake with long, sharp teeth. but
IL must De used early and often. Weeds that