davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
Arrival orThomas Hughes. SNIP.

Mr.. Thomas Hughes, author of
tom Rugby" tom Brown at
Oxford,,' Queens Counsel, member
of Parliament, and one of the gen
tlemen who are interested in the
Board Of Aid to the Land Own
ership," which was organized for
the benefit of English emigrants to
America, arrived Saturday by the
steamer Germanic Mr.. Hughes
is Chairman of the Board of Aid to
Land Ownership, and comes to this
country to further the interests of
the company, or rather to provide
for the interests of those English
men for whose benefit the company
has secuted lands in Tennessee.
The property is plateau or table.
land between Virginia and Ala
bama. The climate is invigorating
and healthful. There is an abund
ance of soft spring water, forests of
valuable timber, coal and iron, pot
ter's clay, sandstone and limestone,
and an excellent soil for mixed agri-
culture. On the slopes of the
mountains, which belong to the APP
palachian range, there are iron and
eoA Fruits and vegetables grow
IN anendance, especially in the up
land regions of the tract. The
whole amounto of territory is about
100000 acfesa The company con
trolling it wass ofganized with a
capital of $4,000. Since March
last hotel has, been built, a town
laid out, a railroad put under con-
structfon, nursery and expert
smental garden planted and brick
Kiln put in operation. Mr. Hughes
viii remain in this country until
September, when the company will
be. fairly started.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
The Clement Attachment.

The Georgia Agricultural Society
last February appointed committee
TO examine into the Clement At
tachment. On the 9TH inst this
committee visited the establishment
of Messrs. Thos. A. Barnes & Co,
a; Senoia, in Coweta County, Ga.
The committee have just made their
report, and have favored us with a
copy, from which we condense as
follows:
We found the machinery in ope-
ration upon seed cotton of low mid
ding grades. We followed it all
through every process to No. 10
thread ready for market.
The motive power is supplied by
steam engine standing some two
hundred feet away. The machinery
occupies two story building 20 by
As feet. On the upper floor is a
cleaner through which the cotton
is run. IT is next weighed in
draughts of II pounds each and
placed upon the feeder, from which
it passes through trough directly
into the gin which stands upon the
first floor. A sixty five saw gin,
making about $50 revolutions per
minute, delivers the lint to brush
from which it passes into the cards
and thence through the machinery,
similar to that used in all other cot
ton manufacturing establishments.
Messrs. Barnes & Co. use the best
and latest improved machinery,
manufactured by the Bridesburg
Manufacturing Company, Philadel-
phia. Everything except building
and engine, cost him when ready to
start, $4,000. A ten horse power
engine is ample for the running of
all the machinery. The attachment
uses 500 pounds of seed cotton in
twelve hours, and produces 15o
pounds of yarn, worth about Is
cents per pound. Eight hands are
needed for all purposes at total
cost of So. 50 per day. Ten per cent
OF the cotton goes to waste but it is
then worth half price By a care
full estimate, including interest, in
surance at 3 per cent, wear OF ma.
chinery, and all running expenses
Mr.. Barnes has net profit on hi
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
FROM GEORGIA.
Cobb County.

Editor Patron. To- day was the
annual pic mic day of the Changers
of this place. Early in the morn
ing a large crowd of farmers, with
their families, had gathered in the
suburbs of the town where a stand
had been previously erected. Rev.
A. S. Thomas opened the exercises
with an appropriate prayer. He
then made a few Introductory re-
marks in his usual concise and
happy style; and then closed by in
PRODUCING General William Phillips.
Gen. Phillips made one of his tell
ing speeches on the aims and objects
of the Order, showing that Agri-
culture is the main source of all
wealth. He also made special re-
ference to the importance Of educat-
ing farmers sons and daughters.
Next coming in order was Bro.
Everett of Polk county, who was
not we'll enough to make speech,
but he gave an interes ting talk,
showing that no one need not be
ashamed to labor as it had been
made honorable.
At the close of this speech dinner
was announced, of which there was
a great abundance on the ground
for both white and colored.
1t was happy gala day for all
who attended, and many of the
scenes of that day will be fresh in
our memories until another annual
picnic day shall roll around with
scenes more sublime upon which tc
feast. Fraternally, D. w. ORR.
Acworth. Aug. IS. ~ +
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
Farmers and the Government.

1t is now iterated and reiterated
by the respectable and more OBJ
serving people that since this is a
country of the people, the industrial
classes, the farmers especially,
should have voice and a hand in
shaping the policy of the govern
ment and in the direction of public
affairs, that their dearest interests
should no longer be at the mercy of
venal politicians who seek only
their own ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. The in
dustrial classes are mentioned be-
cause they are the producers and
tax payers, and with their habitual
industry and frugality they are
nearer the people and better under
stand their wants.
Farmers=haEe greater induce
ments to be patriotic and conserva-
tive than any other class. even of
the industrial people, and that they
are SO is proved by the history of
labor disturbances that have agitated
this and other eoHntries. We hear
Of commotion of any kind among
farmers in this country They.have
muscles to gather in the coin and
grain, and meats that feed the world,
and they have minds capablefof
thinking and reasoning. Then why
MOULD they be only machines, SO
n1asssed by nS !, ccos! that their
mo sympathy w fisseo. .emp And
why will those whose interests are
alike permit themselves toNbe any
sapaRer divided and arrayed. one
AGAINST the other, when they
suld be standing on common
ground Working together in har-
nony for a Common cause? Why
can not they make stand ard main
tain it with firmness against the ac-
tive, persistent, noisy audacity with
which greedy partisans are sure to
assaiI it,
It is said that the quiet, slow
going habits of the rural class UNI
/ fit them for successful resistance to
tne keener energy and enterprise
that characterizes the aggressions of
professional classes. The farmers
and other working classes should
lose no time in relieving themselves
of such stigma. Inaction always
enervates and wastes. But if far
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

investment little over S. per day
of twelve hours. He finds it to his
advantage to work two sets of hands
and run day and night, which he is
now doing, at profit of between
So and 81 per day, above 7 per cent.
interest on the money invested in
all expenses necessary to make
thread from seed cotton.
The proportionate difference be
tween operating one or more at
tachments with the necessary ma
chinerv amounts to considerable in
favor of, say three attachments, as
the cost of all machinery for three
would not exceed $4,000.
One fifteen horse power engine
would be sufficient and twelve
hands could do all the work for
three sets of machinery. There is
ready demand for all yarn manu-
featured through the Clement at
tachment at about double the price
per pound of raw cotton in our
market. We do not by any means
consider it practicable, or even pos
sible for planters to manufacture
yarn from the staple upon their
farms with plantation laborers.
Intricate machinery, SO compli-
Gated and needing such careful
handling, can only be used by train
ed labor and controlled by practical
mechanics, well skilled in the bust
| ness.
But we cheerfully and conscien-
tiously recommend, to our capitalists
and planters the "Clement Attach
ment" as a safe investment, and as
great source of future prosperity
to our Southern country, by fur
nishing the means of support to
needy and worthy people, to wit
women and children principally, by
saving much of the freight, ex.
penses of bagging and ties, insur-
ance, commissions and many other
incidental expenses, which tend to
swell the current which is constant
ly flowing from the cotton districts
and which should remain to give
comfort and support to the plant
ing community.
We are not prepared to say the
Clement attachment is all that is
needed for the South. For it has
been clearly demonstrated thai
where capital and skilled labor is
abundant it proves most profitable
to manufacture cotton in large es
Establishments.
But we do heartily recommend the
introduction of small establishments
in every village and town through
out the country, looking forward
hopefully to the period, not far dis
tant, we trust, when cloth as wei
as yarn will be produced in the
midst of the cotton growing dis
tricts.
In this way we think the Glen
ent attachment may be the means
of opening up avast field for enter
prise, prosperity and independence
to our people.-CottOn, We5v York.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
Need of PreparatO schools OF
Agricultural Science.

Methods of education are under
going a change. Progressive edu-
Gators should recognize the fact.
Practical learning is the demand of
the hour. Scholastic and monastic
education must make way for it.
Children should be educated in the
line of their future occupation. Util-
ity must and will henceforth be the
keynote of popular education. Ed
ucation should be more practical,
active and scientific. Common
sense teaches that we can do best
what we best understand. Special
education with some specific object
in view, whereby the. knowledge
and discipline of the mind which is
acquired may be utilized, is now
absolutely necessary. Teachers
have been taught this lesson, and
the establishment of normal schools
in nearly every State goes to show
that special instruction in order to
insure efficiency has become an alb
solute necessity.
The managers of these normal in
stitutes have, however, failed as yet
to grasp the whole problem. 1t is
necessary that teachers need to be
sent from these schools qualified to
teach the children of over three
million of farmers the principles of
geology, chemistry, botany, animal
and vegetable physiology, and eto-
mology. These are all easy of IL
lustration. If the children of all
common schools could be taught to
recognize and know by sight all the
stones upon which they tread; if
they could be taught to recognize
by sight all the plants and animals
which are to be found in their neigh
borhood, they would be prepared
to enter the agricultural or the pure
ly scientific school, and the founda-
ton would be laid of better pre-
paration for the practical training
which our age demands. The most
profitable studies which pupils can
take up are those which will be of
most use, to them, and that school
education is the best which lays the
best foundation for future use.
Farmers who are beginning to
use commercial fertilizers, and have
come to recognize the fact that the
annual deterioration of our soils
must be stopped, want more light
on these subjects. The recognition
of this fact increases the anxiety
that their children should receive
such an education as will aid them
when they shall become the own
ers of the land. Thousands of far.
mers in each of the older settled
States see the necessity of having
the fundamental principles of agri.
culture, the grandest of all human
pursuits, taught in our common
schools. The common school was
born of the peoples necessities, and
should be made as wide as Their
wants. Supported by the property
eft the whole people, there should
be taught in them the principles oil
the industrial sciences, agriculture
included.
If farmers sons and daughter:
could but realize the fact that hence
forth agriculture must become more
and more of an intellectual pursuit
that better education in each Of
| the natural sciences is to be an es.
sential qualification as to the fitnes.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
TEXAS.
Appointments of Worthy Master
A. j. Rose. of the State Grange.
TEXAS,

A. j. Rose. of the State Grange.
will meet the Patrons of Husbandry at
the following times and places:
Rockwell county, October nth. Refer
to W. H. Price, Rockwall.
Hunt county. 18th, 18th and 18th. Re
fer TO B. F. Kelley, Ashland.
Hopkins county, 18th and 10th, at Viii
low Grove and Sulphur Springs. Refer
to H. c Dial, Sulphur Springs.
Wood county. 18th and 10Th. Refer to
w. H Wood, Quitman.
Harrison county, goth. Refer to DIR.
w. A. Smith, Hallville.
Pamela county, 22d and 23d Refer TO
II. c. LaGrone, DeBerry.
Pamela county. 25th and 10Th. Refer to
J. NJ. Dobbins, Sugar Hill.
Cherokee county, 18th. Refer to B.
Long, Jacksonville.
The meetings should begin by 10 O'Clock
A. NJ. A full attendance is earnestly de-
sired. Farmers, Patrons, this is your or
ganization; it is the only one that we have
ever had. Will you aid in building it up?
Its principles conformed to and carried out
by you will Tighten your la5ors and even
tually make you independent.
A. ]. ROSE,
Master of the Texas State Grange
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

The greatest curse that aff1icts
this country to-day is the power
which corrupt political tricksters
are enabled to WELD through the
machinery of political parties. That
power must be utterly broken anc!
destroyed before there can be peace
and prosperity in this country. Let
the people set their faces against
the rule of these tricksters, and
whenever one of them is nominated
for office concentrate their strength
upon some good, true man and elect
. him regardless of party. The rule
of the political tricksters, we hope.
is rapidly passing away.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
The True Spirit.

Worthy Master H. M. Daugherty,
of Caldwell county, Texas, has sent
us nearly forty subscriptions during
the past few weeks. He saw that
he farmers only needed to be in
ormed of the objects and progress
of the Order to unite themselves
with it, and the best way to inform
them is to extend the circulation of
The PATRON OF HUSBANDRY
among them, so he went to work
with good effect, and he will con-
tinue at it. From present indica-
tons this earnest Patron will soon
give THE PATRON larger circula-
ton in Caldwell than it has in any
other county in Texas.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
An idea of the great need of the

An idea of the great need of the
Grange may be formed by the con-
dition of affairs N this section.
J There are to-day hundreds of far
| mers in this county utterly ignorant
of the principles and purposes of
the Grange, and who have. appa-
rently no idea whatever of the me-
cessity of organized effort for the
elevation of themselves and their
families. They stav on their farms
and give but little attention to what
is going on elsewhere except what
they see in the political papers.
There are actually farmers within
ten miles of this place that do not
know that there is such paper
published as THE PATRON, not-
withstanding it probably has cir
culation more than double that of
the most largely circulated political
paper in the State; and there
are hundreds who knew moth
ing whatever of the appoint
ments of Worthy Master Darden to
speak in this county, although those
appointments were announced in
our columns for weeks. This igno-
rance is most deplorable. L tells but
too truly the story of the impover-
ished condition of large numbers of
farmers, their subsection to the
power of the merchants and other
moneyed classes, and foreshadows
the doom of their childrenif they do
not arouse themselves and strike
boldly and earnestly and unitedly
for independence under the banner
Of the Grange. These farmers know
they are IN bondage, but they hope
to escape-by growing a big crop of
cotton or by some stroke of good
fortune that will never come. There
is but one chance for them to throw
off the yoke that is crushing them
and their families to the ground, and
that is by joining the Grange. They
must unite in their own organiza-
ton, educate themselves as to their
rights and their dates and the
causes that have made them mere
"drawers of water" for other classes;
and they must transact all their bust
ness on the cooperative system, so
that they can retain the profits of
their toll, that they may better sup
port their families and educate their
children.
Is not this appalling ignorance of
farmers of all that concerns the prin-
ciples and measures and the condi-
ton of the only organization that
offers to promote and protect their
interests, a, strong, an overwhelming
argument why all farmers should
Join the Granger Surely no one
with the instincts of true man can
be content TO remain in a condition
of helpless servitude to the merchant
and the politician, and see his child
rem grow up in ignorance, fit only
to occupy a subordinate position
surely such need only to be informed
of the way to independence to step
out boldly and follow it fearlessly.
Let every intelligent farmer who
does see and understand the causes
that have brought so many to pow
erty and servitude, do his utmost to
remove them by bringing his neigh
bors into the Grange; let every pa
triot-farmer help to spread the light
OF the Grange, that ignorance may
be dispelled and serfdom banished
from the land.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
Master of the Texas State Grange.

Worthy Master Darden, in his
speech in this county on the Sth,
showed clearly and with great force,
by facts and figures, how the State
of Mississippi is being ruined by the
operation of the agricultural lien
law. And yet the farmers of this
county last year voted for State
Senator and three Representatives
who were opposed to the repeal of
that law! Is there no need of the
Grange in this county? When the
farmers get a little lower down
probably they will think there is.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

Worthy Deputy Lecturer ]. 6.
Macarthur of Lauderdale county,
Miss, is doing splendid work in the
counties of Kemper, Neshoba and
Lauderdale, in recognizing DOR
mant Oranges and reviving
the spirits of those that have kept
at work. 1t is now proposed to
get up Patrons Encampment at
or near Meridian on the occasion of
Worthy Master Darden's visit to
Lauderdale county on the 9Th and
9th of October.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

To show our readers how Wonhy
Master Darden works, we hientibn
this Incident. HI. reached ) place
recently the day before his appoint-
ment, and found there would prob-
ably be small turn out, Is the
notice of his meeting had not. been
circulated. He devoted that day 10
visiting farmers in the neigh bor-
hood TO urge them to come out. and
the result was g good meeting the
next day and the Grange reorgan>
lied with a mem bership of TWENTY
eight. If every State had such a
Master as Bro. Darden, the Order.
throughout the country would be
stronger in numbers and infinitely
more efficient in work than it ever
was
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

-o- There is no occasion for any ex-
citement in regard to the Presiden-
tial election here in the South
There is no need for the usual
speeches by professional politicians
for there is no contest in our sec,
ton and can be none. But it seems
that few of the professional poll
ticians are trying to get up excite
ment, and they are doing it merely
to make a little capital for them
selves. They want Office, and hope
to make themselves pr&nipent by
getting up an excitinA CANVASS
The people ought to treat Aem viii
contempt.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

Difference in crop per hand $I,13o, 90
This is not the only advantage in
planting a corn crop, as the farmer
will have more time in which to inn
prove his land and beautify his farm
and then the crop is made in about
four months time and the farmer
has not that long year of anxiety
that falls to the lot of the cotton
planter.
That theae is moe profit in cult
waiting corn than cotton can be
shown by the fact that Illinois far
mers pay $40 and board per month
for farm hands, while there is no
farmer in the South that is able to
pay more than $40 or SIS per
month without board
Fraternally, BRooMsAGE.
Oakley, Ark, Sept. 7.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

mers will fully exercise their facul-
ties they will no longer be open 70
the charge of being. incapable OF
directing public affairs.-Dtrzeo
Rural. +
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

More new members are being in
lated into the Oranges of Illinois
this year than tor any year since
1876.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
May your SUI : S in the good

May your sur S in the good
cause of the Orda in spreading the
"Light," through me influence OF
your valuable journal, THE PATRON
OF HUsBANDRY, flow on,like
river constantly growing in vol
unn and widening in its influence.
Fraternally, II. F. AFFORD.
Jackson, Sept. 8.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09
Profits of Corn VS.. Cotton.

Editor. Patron. / have made a
calculation of the difference in the
profits of cultivating corn and cot
ton. The calculation is made for
river bottom land and | suppose the
same difference would exist in up
land. I have given rather larger
crop of cotton than is generally
made and the acreage of corn
given can easily be cultivated by a
a good hand with the tools now in
use. IF | have made any mistakes
/ would like to be told it, as | in
tend to try the experiment myself
next year. [ do not suppose any
one would have any trouble in sell
ing corn in the South at SO cents
per bushel. Judging from the vast
amount of corn brought to the
South and the tens of thousands of
barrels of meal sold every year in
that section of country.
On the Mississippi river he hands
are getting scarce and hard to get
to cultivate cotton crops, and corn
can be sent from there on barges
for about 5 cents per bushel; and
it soon can be sent for 3 cents.
Plenty of men can be gotten in Hi
nois to cultivate crop Of corn and
90 back before the sickly season
and return in the fall to gather and
ship and prepare for another crop.
The South is sending annually
millions of money to the West for
com and meat, which can be raised
at home for one-half less than it
costs to transport it, and all this is
done that we may raise a cheap
crop of cotton for others use and
profit. | hope we may get our re-
ward for it in Heaven, as we get
nothing but food and clothes for ii
here The following is the relative
comparison of the profits and ex-
pense of planting corn and cotton:
COTTON.
Ten Bales of Cotton net at present
prlce...................... .....S 30. oC
Three Acres OF Corn, 40 bushels
at 50 nts........................... 6o.OC
Total.."s,..... ......................$4Io.oC
CORN.
Forty Acres Corn plante in
March~so bushels per acre,
1000 ba Gels at go cents per
bushel. 81 900. OK
Twenty Acres planted in June at
40 bushels per acre at 50
cents per bushel.. 400.
Peas planted in corn will fatten
IS hogs, equal to 5000 lbs.
pork at cents per Bone
half off for hogs................. 6o.oC
The Shucks in the field will win
ter TO head of cattlc.. 5000
Five Acres of hay ................... 5000
Iotal...... -,....-.............SI, SIC. o.
DIFFERENCE .@ CROPS PER HAND.
! Amount made atrcorn planting 81 $40. OF
| Amount made in cotton planting 4Io.oc
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

Statistics from the Agricultural
DsRaa;tment at Washington indicate
that sauisiana has the largest aver
age Yield in> value per acre of all
the Statesa$I7.78; Arkansas next,
1868, and Texas next $r6.zo. Mis-
ssssippi is put uawn at $Ir.f5.A
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1880-10-09

1T is said that the heavy rains in
North Carolina haveSdamaged the
cotton crop so per cent. in many
portions of the State.