Butler citizen. [volume] (Butler, Pa.) 1877-1922, 1880-04-07
HOW PAPER rs MADE.
The material from which the pape

The material from which the paper
il made, in its course through the
manufactory, follows regular order
constantly advancing from the place
of the entrance of the raw material to
the place of exit of the finished pro-
duet.
The stock is carried by elevators to
the attic, where it is first put through
an opener or duster, which whips out
the greater portion of the dust con,
tanned bv the rags, opens the folds, and
puts them in condition to be examined
and assorted. From the attic the stock
is dropped to the floor below. where 1t
il placed in baskets and distributed TO
women to be assorted and divested OF
buttons, hooks and eyes, pins. etc.
After this it is spread out upon large
tables and looked over carefully, and
pieces of wood, rubber, and other suh-
stances likely to injure the paper are
removed.
The stock is now carried forward to
the cutting machine which rapidly cuts
it up into small pieces, after which 1t
is busted and let down through hop
pers in the floor into hugh bleach
boilers where they are sealed up and
subjected to the action of lime and
steam for twelve hours. These i'm
mense boilers are constantly revolVed
at a slow speed to bring all of the
stock under the action of the bleaching
agent.
After this operation the stock is
conveyed to The washing engines,
where it is washed for six or EIGHT
hours, according to the quality; it is
then bleached by the application OF
bleaching powders. after which it Is al
lowed to run through valves In the
bottoms of the washers to brick drain
ers in the basement, where it is al
lowed to remain from two to four
weeks.
The halfstock, as it is now called, is
put into the beating engines, where the
fiber is brought out to the required
length. In these engines the rags are
drawn between the cutters on the large
revolving cylinder and the stationery
cutters in the bottom of the vat, and
are torn into the finest filaments. The
stock goes round and round in this
machine. being acted upon by the cut
ters again and again, the huge cylinder
carving the cutters being meanwhile
gradually lowered by the mechanism
seen at the side of the vat, until the
stock is reduced to fine pulp. The
thin pulp is allowed to run out of the
engines into wooden chests, when it is
pumped up into the tank of the Four
drinier machines From this tank the
pulp flows into a small chamber, where
1t is kept in constant agitation until 1T
flows out over a channel plate--upon
which extraneous matters Of greater
specific gravity than the pulp are ar
rested-and il delivered to an endless
wire cloth apron, which is continually
agitated to insure an even distribution
Of the pulp fibre. The wire cloth apron
is supported on series of small rollers,
and the width of the paper is governed
by deckle straps at each side. The
wire cloth apron passes over box in
which partial vacuum is maintained,
which withdraws part Of the moisture
from the paper a. it passes over the
box
The paper is delivered by the wire
cloth apron TO a felt apron, which con-
veys it to the first pair Of press rolls
which expel the moisture and deliver
it to an apron which carries it forward
to second pair of press rolls, where
more of the moisture is removed and
the web is still further compressed; it
il then passed to another blanket which
delivers it to series Of steam-heated
rolls. These rolls, as well as the other
portions Of this machine, must move in
absolute harmony, and the mechanism
must be Of the most perfect character
to handle the thin and extremely ten
der web Of moist paper. The paper,
as It il delivered by the machine, is in
rolls. The paper Is cut into different
widths, as it il delivered to the reels,
according to the requirements.
The finishing rooms adjoins the ma
chine room, and all Of the paper in
tended for book work is passed through
the calender roll until high finish is
obtained.