davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1880-01-08
THE TAX ACT.

In consequence Of blunder of the en-
crossing clerk, and the anxiety of majori'
ty of the members of the Legislature to ad
journ, the Supply bill," as ratified, levies
State tax of Al mills, when it was only in
tended to levy AZ mills. The State levy was
fixed by the House at Al mills. The Senate
raised the amount to Al mills ), but subse-
quently receded from its amendment, leaving
the bill as it originally stood. These facts
are properly entered on the margin of the ell
crossed bill; but the enrolling clerk, by mis-.
take in copying, inserted the Senate amend
ment in the Act In the haste and confusion,
the error was not detected, and, consequently,
the comptroller general will be under the ne
cessity of imposing tax of Al mills, instead
of Al, the enormously worded Act having
been duly ratified and approved. A levy of
$4,000, in Charleston county, for the Fourth
Brigade, is also improperly incorporated in
the Act. By an error Of omission, special
tax intended for Marion county, is omitted.
The following is so much of the tax act as
relates to the time for the payment of taxes:
Sec. 7. That all taxes assessed herein shall
be due and payable in two equal instalments,
as follows The FIRST instalment shall be due
and payable from the first day of May to the
first day Of June, 1880, and the second install.
ment shall be due and payable from the 6f:
teenth day of September to the thirty-first
day of October, 1880: Provided, That it
shall be, and is hereby, left to the option of
any person either to pay the amount of the
first instalment at the time first mentioned, or
to pay the whole amount at the time of the
payment of the second installnent thereof.
Provided, further, That if any person or per-
sons shall fail or refuse to pay his or her tax
es due under the first instalment, he, she or
they, shall be charged with penalty Of five
per centum on the first instalment, which pen
atty shall be added and the several county
treasurers shall collect the same in the man
ner prescribed by law and give receipts there
for to the several parties paying the same, in
which the real estate paid on shall be briefly
described and the value of the personal prop
erty paid on shall be stated, together with the
time such taxes are paid and the amount of
same: Provided, Nothing herein contained
shall operate to prevent payment of the whole
amount of his or her tax at the time the first
instalment is payable.
Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, 1880-01-08

farnell, the lrlSn AgltatOF.
- Parnell, the famous Irish agitator, ar
rived in New York on Friday last. He was
met on board the steamship by large num-
Der of his countrymen. John E. Devlin read
the welcoming address, in which he referred
to Mr.. Parnells answering devotion to Ire
lands cause and pledged to him the moral
support of American sympathy and the mate
rial aid of American exertions. Mr.. Parnell,
in reply, thanked the delegation for the cor.
dial reception given him and said:
1--WE making war against system
which causes discomfort and suffering in our
country. We are endeavoring to break down
that system, and with Gods help. we will
break it down. We have also to see that
the victims of that system are not suffered to
perish meanwhile. The physical suffering
misery and starvation of large part of our
population in Ireland have not been exagger-
ated. We have been calling upon the gov
ernment for eight months to relieve that dis
tress but only within the last few days has
the English government agreed to admit that
there is any distress. We think we ought to
put Cne case UelOTe our OWL CouutIyineu OoIh
at home and here in America, and endeavor
to excite sympathy with our efforts. We be-
lieve that in this country the sympathy ac-
corded will we be generous and noble and that
our, countrymen here, as elsewhere, will do
their duty by their suffering bretheren at
home"
Mr.. Dillon, who accompanied Parnell, was
then called for, who said they had not come to
America merely to collect money to relieve the
Irish people. The famine impending in Ire
land is beyond the control of private charity.
1t isa calamity with which the government is
bound to deal, and one which no private
charity can avert. 1--WE shall have" he said,
something like quarter of million of peo'
ple without food for four or FIVE months.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKErs.-The
bronze is the leading variety OF turkeys
with those who raise for market, on ac-
count of their large size and hardness.
They also Ichallenge the admiration of all
by their very attractive plumage OF rich and
changeable colors The cock turkey iD full
feather is really brilliant in appearance and
the females are only a little less beautiful.
All of the experience of our best breeders
has been brought to bear upon the bronze
turkey which has resulted in their very
high state of perfection; for this reason
any one purchasing thoroughbred bronze
turkeys may feel confident that certain
fixed characteristic qualities will be pro
duced in their offspring. Their weight is
greater than the common stock. and one
seasons breeding will more than pay for
the increased cost originally. Adult tur-
keys will average from 80 TO 40 pounds;
hens from IA to 20 pounds; young gobbler'
at eight months, from % to 20 pounds;
young hens, from Is to Is pounds. We
give these as fairaverage weights, although
they are frequently exceeded, adult pair:
of from As to TO pounds, being not uncom
mon. The bronze are good layers ant
very hardy. but the hens, if full grown
for breeding purposes, should not weigh
over 80 pounds. Farmers Magazine.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

How A FAMOUS CHEESE IS MADE
Perhaps the mast celebrated cheese male
on the continent of Europe is the Swiss
Gruyere This is made mostly in huts.
called chalets, high up among the Alps, at
the time during which the pastures on the
mountain sides are accessible, and the huts
habitable, say from the melting of the
snow in May to the end of September,
when men and animals descend TO the
sheltered valleys thousands of feet
below. The chalets are located in the
midst of the mountain pastures on spot
safe from avalanches, and generally near
to small pond or spring of water when
such are available. Provisions from the
valleys are carried up weekly to the
chalets, and it is under such difficult and
romantic circumstances that cheese is
made which. for hundreds of years, has
been considered almost, if not quite, the
best on the continent.
The milk partly skinned or not, &C
cording to the quality of cheese desired to
be made, is put into n great kettle and
swung on Il crane over a gentle fire, where
it is allowed to attain a temperature of
sevoni y-seven degrees Fahrenheit, when
the kettle is swung off the fire and rennet
is added to the milk. When coagulation
has advanced far enough, the curd is cut
Into MS fine pieces as practicable with the
large wooden knife which is used for the
purpose. The kettle is then swung over
the fire again, and the curd is taken up in
small quantities in porringer, and poured
back through the fingers, whereby it is
still more finely divided Great import
ance is attached to this division of the
curd, in order that each particle may be
fully exposed to the action of the heat in
the cooking" which ensues up to Il
point when temperature of ninety de-
grees has been attained. The kettle is
then Immediately swung off the fire, and
the waste of curd and whey stirred for
some fifteen minutes longer; and if the
cooking has been properly performed, the
particles of curd have the appearance of
bursted grains of rice swimming in the
whey. The curd is then collected in a
cloth, and great care is taken to expel all
the whey The sailing Of the cheese is
also considered delicate and important
process. The salt is rubbed from time to
time on the outside of the cheese, care
being taken to discern when enough shall
have been absorbed. The Gruyere cheeses
are commonly three feet in diameter, and
weigh over one hundred pounds. A sue
cessful cheese of this kind is like soft,
yellow paste, which melts in the mouth,
and it is filled with cavities about the size
of pea, one or two, say, in each square
inch of cheese. -DrtrymGn'S Jlnr"dt.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

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Hbooi a" NlNes .I ' GS roo,n
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anu 800 80 ~ "; N1u w. sn c nEon
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Wv SUN 10 ~" az Sn W WI go :;
i' sai l,I 70 mvseIf Won will hnvn 70 n'" aa,
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y t,. io,W. 60 40 fos t,v', ;ud -" n'"a,
.n"' ,h o,u ~ c"r tha l; "no
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Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

SLIPS AND CUTTINGS. of fuch.
sias, zonale geraniums, feverfews, smooth
leaved begonias, and many other plants
may be easily rooted in sand. Fill a
flower-pot with coarse, gravelly sand, and
stick in the cuttings close to the outer
edge and quite near together. They are
fond of company Press the sand tightly
around each one, then set the pot in a
saucer, and soak it with water until it
will hold no more. Put it in the sunshine,
ard keep it there every hour of the day
that you can; but never let the sand get
dry or even approach that state. When a
slip once wthers it is done for. In two
weeks the cuttings should be we'll rooted
and ready for transplanting into thumb,
pots and good soil mixed with sand.
They must be kept shaded for few days.
After the first watering they will need
little if any until signs of growth appear.
For those varieties that do not root so
readily the safest plan is TO select n small
shoot; break it half way off at the joint
leaving it partially attached to the parent
plant. In this way calus is formed
which is the first step in striking a cut.
ting. In the meantime the slip is nour-
ished from the main stalk. At the end of
two weeks the cutting may be completely
severed and treated as described above
or planted in sandy soil and shaded in the
ordinary manner. Cuttings should be
kept at as even temperature as possible
They will not thrive when subject to
extremes American CuLtjvator.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

in this section. Meadows were cleared up
and smothed for the cutter-bar, and
think increased in acreage. Before this,
having was long job to most farmersi
but after the introduction of mowers,
came sulky-rakes. horse-forks, etc. until
now having is accomplished in at least
half the time. and on most large farms, IN
one-third the time it once took. Then 1t
became customary to cut hay at an earlier
stage of maturity, and NOW a second crop
of grass, and to SOW crops for soiling
stock in the fall, instead of pasturing
meadows. Out of all this, cannot we find
partial cause for the deterioration of our
grass landsP In the time before machin-
cry rendered haying a short job. it was
customary to NOV one year where we
finished the previous year-going over
the meadows in rotation, as 1t were.
part was cut early. and part, by force OF
circumstances, was permitted to rippen
each year and scatter its seed on the
ground. The grass was cut with sharp
clean cut, and would start up after cutting
sooner than now when it is torn of by
dull mowers. Then its roots were not
crushed by heavy cogged wheels, which
cover in moving one.eighth to )ne-slxth
of the ground. 1t was not scratched by
steel rake-teeth. In short, our meadows
were treated in manner rs nearly as
possible according to natures laws. So
with our pastures in early days. Mea
dows were very seldom moved more thai
once, and the after growth was always fec
off by stock, which gave the pastures I
chance to grow up in the fall and reseec
themselves every year, to say nothing o
being better projected from the wInte
winds. Putting all these things together
do they not in a great degree account fol
the fact that grass lands are less perma
nent than formerlyP"
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

THE CLEMATIS. barrenness and
desolate aspect of farm houses and out
buildings is certainly great drawback to
the beauty af our rural landscape. The
general appearance of the homes of farm
ers would indicate that their owners were
too intent upon field work to have time or
inclination to make their dwellings beanti-
full. Occasionally climbing rose or Vir,
gnia creeper is seen, but rarely anything
less common or familiar. There is no
necessity for this sameness, for there are
many climbers which are perfectly hardy,
and which, once fairly started, will thrive
under very adverse circumstances. and
among thase the clematis is entitled to :,
place in the front rank. In this genus we
have great variety of form, color and
size, combined with perfect hardness, and
it may be made to flower freely through,
out the entire season, from early summer
to late autumn. The clematis is by no
means particular about rich soil, yet, like
most plants, it will generously reward lis
cultivator for liberal treatment Ameri-
can CaItiUator.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

The DEMAND FOR HEAVY HORSES
During the past fifteen years there has
been great change in the demand for
horses in this country. Formerly nearly
every one bred in relation TO speed and
endurance. Now large proportion OF
farmers breed with view TO increasing
size and strength. This change is not the
result of caprice. There has been Il steady,
increasing demand for heavy horses, and
u corresponding falling off in the demand
for LIGHT ones. Fashion has had little to
do in the matter. Heavy horses are
wanted because they supply an existing
want From present appearances it will
be many years before the supply of heavy
horses will equal the demand. The coun-
try is now well supplied with horses. At
no time in its history, perhaps, were there
as many horses to Il given number OF In
habitants as at present. Small work
horses are low, but very heavy draft horses
continue to be high.
The importation Of Clydesdale and Nor
man horses increases every year. The
first that were brought over were regarded
as very uncertain ventures. AT present
they are of no doubtful value. The im-
porters of horses from France and Scot
| land have suffered none of the reverses OF
| the importers of Shorthorn cattle. with
rare exceptions they have become rich.
| rhe value of heavy draft horses was
recognized in the old world before it was
| in the new. Now that their worth is
appreciated here, all persons having heavy
| leaning to do seem anxious to procure
them. In this city the average size OF
horses appears TO increase every season,
and this is true of nearly every city in the
+ entire country.
Large horses are less liable to injury
from the swinging of the poles of wagons
than small ones. Their bones are tirmer,
and they are commonly more hardy
Ltrge horses are more economical AS
respects harness, stall room, feed and
work required to take care of them. A
largo proportion of the teaming now done
is over short distances, and it is more i'm
purtant to draw large load than to make
the trip quickly. Before the introduction
of heavy draft horses the teaming in the
hillv and timbered portions of the country
was chiefly performed by oxen. Now
oxen arc being superseded by horses in all
these sections. Persons travelling for bus.
mess or pleasure now ride in cars instead
Of stages. There is still a large demand
for horses of moderate size for driving in
street cars. but breeding stage horses is a
thing of the past. In all the countries o.
eastern Europe heavy horses are taking
the place of light ones in general farming
operations. That American farmers will
soon generally employ heavy horses il
field work seems certain Fdctory dnt
farm.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

A Cows CUD.-The situation, the struct-
ure, and the size of the rumen or paunch
point it out as the first and general receipt
acle for the food, which receives in the
mouth only sufficient mastication to enable
the animal to swallow it. When swallow
ed, it is then received by the rumen, and
morsel after morsel is taken until this, the
first of the animals four stomachs, is
comparatively full. A sense of repletiou
precedes rumination, during which act the
animal generally prefers recumbent
posture. 1t is not to be supposed that all
the food taken is again ruminated, it is
only the bulky or solid portions that uder-
90 the process. When the rumen is
moderately full, it will contract on its
contents, and first squeeze out the fluid
portions, which will pass onward into
the third or fourth stomachs, whilst the
solid part will be embra ced by the ossoph-
agus. or stomach pipe, and returned to the
mouth. BY the term "loss of the cud.
is meant cessation of the chewing of
the cud, which occurs as symptom of
most internal diseases of cattle.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

A yellow pine flooring, oiled, and with
rugs. is one of the prettest features of a
moderate dwelling house, and costs no
more than white boards and carpet. A
handsome parquet flooring is, of course,
richer, but too expensive for people of
small means. Georgia pine, however,
needs careful seasoning, otherwise the mar
row boards separate and spoil the effect.
The expense of oiled woods inside is only
n little less than painted, rs there is so
much work needed in rubbing, mailing,
smoothing and oiling. One of the hand
soonest cottages in Newport is fitted up
with butternut wood, Imprinted and not
oiled, but highly polished and waved.
There are many native woods which pro-
duce beautiful effect in interior fittings,
and each quarter of the country ought to
be able to show its own woods in their
original grain in house fitting.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

THE BLACK KNOT ON PLUM TREEs.-
The NeW York Sun says: The black
warts or knots on plum trees are caused
by fungus, and they should be cut away
as soon rs discovered, and the trees slim
uated to make vigorous growth. A
quart or two of salt scattered over the
surface of the ground about the tree will
he beneficial. and aid in checking the
disease. This we know from our own
experience to be the remedy. Cut of
and burn the infected branches, and you
will save your trees and fruit.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

A most beautiful and easily obtained
show of evergreens may be had by very
simple plan, which has been found to
answer remarkably well on a small scale:
If geranium branches, taken from luxu-
RANT and healthy trees. be cut as for slips
and immersed in soap water. they will,
after dropping for a few days, shed their
leaves, put forth fresh ones and continue
in the finest vigor all winter. By placing
a number of bottles thus filled in flower
basket, with moss to conceal the bottles
a show of evergreen is easily insured for
the whole winter All the different vari-
cites of the plant being used, the various
shapes and coIors of the leaves blend in
beautiful effect. They require no fresh
water.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29

A most delightful and easy method of
raising some kinds of plants is to simply
immense them in q vessel of water, and
they will flourish wonderfully. Anything
that is not absolutely hideous will do for
this purpose, as it will be soon hidden by
the trailing vines. have been astonished
to find what an ornamental object could be
made by taking an ordinary plain glass
hottie. and suspending it by a pretty brass
chain in window, with slip ofivy, wan
dering jew, and other plants in it. Cut
tngs of Virginia creeper, which have been
rooted. will also do very nicely in this way.
If a pretty style of bottle is used. the effect
is better. The cost is nothing, yet room
may be filled with freshness in this way.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29
STOCK


WHY OUR MEADOWS RUN OUT-A
correspondent OF the Country Gentleman
says: That our grass lands are less per .
manent than at an earlier period of
history, is fact which is evident to every
one. Probably no farm topic is more
eagerly discussed by the farming class
than the grass question. 1t is conceded
that grass is the fOun1ation-stone of pro
titable farming, and when it becomes
more unreliable everyyear there is album
dant cause for alarm and strong desire
to investigate the subject. The cause in
some instances is no doubt due to our
unpropitious seasons; still it can not be
charged wholly TO that, neither are insects
the whole cause of our trouble. On good
lands, well fertilized aud carefully seeded,
grass dies out from some cause much
sooner than formerly, and pastures gradu-
ally fail and fill up with weeds.
May not our changed methods of farm
ing have something to do with itP About
twenty years ago, mowers came into use
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29
HOUSEHOLD DEPARTMENT.

We invite for this column, contributions from our
lady readers, to make it such as shall be of valu
and interest to them. Any topic of domestic economy
which may suggest itself to them may be discussed
and we hope this feature will prove successful and
additional attraction to readers.
Contributions should be sent. to the Editor of the
Agricultural Department
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29
CANTERBURY SHAKERS
LIFE-INVIGORATING
SARSAPARILLA.
The Great Blood Purifier, Kidney Remedy
and Mild Laxative.

SXTE the under signed, having used DR.CORBETTs
W SHAKER SARSAPARILLA SYRUP in our
practice aud having examined the formula by which
it is prepared would cheerfully recommend it t. the
IN nunity as the cheapest safest and most ethca-
cious of all the preparations of Sarsaparilla in the
market Its highly concentrated stata there being in
a given QUIT of Syrup twice the amount of Vege'a-
BILE Extract that any other contains the careski and
cleanliness of les manufacdre guarantees of
It's purity and effect, r. r. CROSBY NJ. D., W. D.
BUCK, NJ D., s. BUXTON, NJ d., j. ), ELLIOT, NJ. D.,
JAMES BABB NJ. D., z. COLBURN, NJ. D., " g. J.
rEwKSBURY. NJ D., A. G. FRENCH, NJ. D., JOSIAH
IROSBY, NJ D., A.G. GALE, NJ. D., JAMES A.GREGi,
W. d.
Those who have failed to be benefited by other Sarsa
arillas should not fail to make single trial of this
Blood Purifying aul Life lnvIyOrating Como odnd Ut
Shaker Sarsaparilla, Dandeou, Yellow Dock, Man
lrake. Black Cobosh. Garget, Indian Hemp. and thu
}erries of Juniper and Cubeb, combined with Iudid
If Potassium made by the society.
Prepared by the CANTERBURY SOCIETY OF SHAKER'S
Shaker Village, n. H. aud signed by Thos COrbett, it,
inventor. sold every where. Inquire for COrbetts
shakers Sarsaparilla.
ss-Enclose Stamp for Shaker Manual.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1880-09-29
agricultural department.
ON TINKHAM, Editor,

All communications for this department should be
o. It to the editor, Mr. o. NJ. TINKHAM n Pom
1T, Vt.
Please write on one side of the paper only sign sue
ntine or initials as You wished published, but give
y,Ir FULL NAME AND ADDRESS. post office County and
~ttts