The Republican journal., 1880-04-01
A Coffee Field IN Brazil,


IN southern Brazil, acoiiee-irIl seldom
IaatS more than thTlN years ne plan
tatlonS are made ON the fertile hliI-Sldes,
"heTt ule forest mas nten growing uHeh
ahd strong but the sol mere 4 never
dttp siN pr elght inches q moId at tAe
utmost. In the tropics there are no Tong
winters with mats OF dead vegetable mat
ter lottln- under the SHOW. nt leaves
1alI SlnglN, ana dTN up untI thtN break
into dust; logs and dccayin1 branches in
| the shady woods are carried away uN
white ants and beetles hence the mold
bed increases very slowly; N twenty-five
or thirty years, the strong growing coffee
trees eat it all up, Most planters SIMPLY
cut down the forest amt leave the trees TO
dry n the sun for sly or eight weeks
When they aIe burned. S., more prov
ldent, lets the logS rot where theE Ile,
which they ito IN year OF TWO III the
open sunlight they are saved from insects.
and the ground receives iarge accession
to its strength.
Back Of the house there are two Eards
or small fields, four acres, perhaps, to-
gether The ground Is covered with
earthen pots sat close together only IeaV-
4Ai- iAtttN l''1LAl " 'tt 'i4NNi i-t'N - W
the two hundred thousand pots contains
thriving young cotiee-p plant. The ground
forms gentle slope, and water Is con-
Stdutly running oyer il. ~ thdt II Il dl-
ways soaked. Ihc pots, through orii"ts
at the bottoms, draw mp enough II SiiS
water to Keep the roots molstentu. The
young plants arc protected from the sun
by mat screens stretched on poles above
the ground.
This is costly system. Most of the
planters take root shoots ut random from
the old fields and set them at once into
unprepaIed ground. 81 eNpt u-
ment has cost hlm probably S20,OON the
! pots alone cost Sll 600. Bat he VIII
make at least S1o,Oom 10y the operations
In the llIst place ne gains 1Ood wear ih
the start that hr gives to these young
plants, lAen they are not put back IN
the tranSplantlng; the pots are SIMPLY IN
veltcd and the roots come OUT with the
earth. They are set into mold or compost
which mas been prepared in deep hoIcS.
he tender rootletS eaten hold OF TINS at
once, and III day or two the plant Is
growing a. well as ever.
The nurslngs come from selected seeds
OF halt dozen varieties. ST s. has
| them planted at first III small pots y
dozen slaves are engaged tranaplantlnT
the sIN inch shoots TO larger pots. LlttIe
tlred-I looking children carry them about
on their shoulders, working on as steadily
as the old ones, lor they are we'll trained.
81. $ wants to make ms plants last
fifty years, 50 he Is careful and tender
with them. The little blacks will bc free
in IS!G, so his policy is to get as much
work as possible from thGm while lie can.
I The plants are set IN rows about ten
are happy, out on the hillside. W arm
sunshine careSseS the leaves generous
rams 1ted the tender roots; the ground Is
kept tree from mtrudlng weeds and BUSH
es and the planter waits for his harvest.
| After four years, the trees are SIX 1eet
high and begin to bear. by the sixth
| year, the crops are very largc-three or
even four pounds per tree at times.
Meanwhile, cor and mandioca are plant
ed between the rows Often III new
| plantation the expenses are nearly cover
| ed by these subsidiary crops.
In the month OF November only q few
OF the slaves are in the new 1lelds. NO
! NtiIlocl - tHe piHlClpdi GttlltlIuS lll"llVii'
and almost the whole force must he at
work IN the bearing orchards From
sunrise to sunset, men, women ana child
working silently and steadily under the
| ovprserr's eve Every day each slave
/ ti, ,,,. ; o,,.-,,.I, -
65,"dno ~ - dral cntfnn Tho
P.outto my p,,'''l,'' ~ vi lV,' ooli9I -,
| plcklnSS are collected IN caftS ana Drought
| to the mlI-house, where the seeds must
| be prepared for the market. ScrlbncrS
| Nagazjnr.
|
,,ro;,,,+ +ho ,,toororro l!rho ,rro.,+ +rons
| 'S'illo' 'iio 'tNOi "5N ~ $500 = 60
| atialltlc steamship companies lnlSnU 90
well to abolish the 'steerage' altogether,
| and throw the name overheard ont Ot
| tho;r ,,o,,+iool ,.o,,l,,,l, 1I,rdin,r ~