davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1880-06-30

Scutidi Siuo'
Geo. f. Olmsted, Chas. w. Dunning,
X. II. Cunningham, W. NJ. Williams,
B. +. Blake, Walton Wright,
Jas. S. Rearden, H. V. Thompson,
III. G.. Sargent, Fred Scheler,
VIM. McHale, f. w. Thielecke,
E. H. Thielecke, G. W. Wmtlock,
J. X. Cunningham, W. B. Hullis,
John II. Hogan, T. W. koehler,
A. J. Jennings, G. W. Henderson,
C. NJ. Howe, A. L. Wilkinson,
NJ. w. Parker, VIM. Lonerga'
Lew A. Malbow, Geo. b. Ramona,
Chas. f. Baughman, Jno. E. Henderson,
Phil Barclay, John II Parks,
L. B. Church, G. II. Jackson,
Geo. E. O'Hara w. II. Shutter,
Sol. Farnbaker VIM. ii. Greer
C. c. Purcell j. A. Mcclure,
c. 4. Coyle, Us. McGahey,
Guy Morse, Geo. W. Hendricks, jr
Chas. A. Saup, Louis Herber
VIM. Perez, Claude Winter,
Robt. Stewart, Chas. Gihofer,
T. NJ. Lovett, j. w. Mason,
Nathan Archer, L. Harris,
Rud Green, l.. J. koehler,
II. c. Scuch, II. W. Franken,
d. J. Foley, J. Dohoney,
Joe Abel, A. Botto,
Frank P. Rcdman, j. Fallen,
AL. II. Hurd, F. Malinski,
c. T. Redman, John A. Haynes,
| w. b. Pettis, N. r. Jocobs,
w. J. CundlH, 4. NJ. Scantland,
L. p. jackson, N. A. Devore,
Chas. w. Frank Angus Leek.
After the above names had been obtained
the club adjourned to meet at the call O
the chairman, and the organization Of the
young mems club was at once commenced
On motion f. NJ. Lovett was elected tenn
porary chairman and Chas. A. Saup tenn
porary secretary.
A committee, consisting of Geo. Hen
bricks, Sol Farnbaker and Angus Leek
was, on motion, appointed to draw up rule
governing the club, and while they were en-
gagged at this, Justice Olmsted and Capt
Williams were called upon and addressed
the club-each making an appropriate AM
short speech:
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1880-06-30

CUSTOMER -"Why are Malt Bitters so
popularl" Drugglst-"Because, as food
medicine, they enrich the blood, harden the
muscles, quiet the nerves, perfect diges-
ton"
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1880-06-30

EXCURSION TO ST. LOUIS.

Notices in this column, Ave cents per line, each
The daily Cairo bulletin. (Cairo, Ill.) 1878-1???, 1880-06-30
GENERAL LOCAL ITEMS.

Notices in these columns, ten cents per line,
aarh in artinu
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
A PUDDLER'S TALK.
A Search of Gsrfield's Record by tie
Light of all Iron Furnace.

A Search of Garfield's Record By tie
Light of al Iron Furnace.
To the Editor OF the Pittsburgh PI t.
read in recent issue oil the Pitts
burch Ga:stte letter from the Republi.
can can lidate for President, James A.
Garfield, written December Is, 1879, to
a member OF the Ohio Senate, in which
he SAYS: al have voted for every Re.
publican Tariff Bill which has passed
the House since l have been member
OF it,"
Now as Mr.. Garfield was not men,
Der of Congress when the Tariff was
originally introduced about 1860, he had
no opportunity to vote for any Tariff
Bill until 1870 and 1872. Now what
were the Tariff Bills OF 1870 and 1917
The Tariff Bill OF 1870 reduced the
Tariff on pig from from nine TO seven
dollars per ton, and made anthracite
coal free.
The Tariff act OF June 6, 1872. made
the following reductions in the Tariff
Ireduced the tariff on pig iron 1Ocents
per ton. 400,
1t reduced the tariff on bar iron 50 80
per ton.
Ron railroad iron 81 81 per ton.
On sheet iron from No. 20 to D, s. 81
per ton.
On steel valued at II cents per pound,
reduced $40 80 per ton.
Charcoal free.
On window glass up to Is by "a in
the duty was reduced 20 cents per hun
dred pouads. 49, "a
These were the only Republican tariff
bills before Congress during Mr.. Gar
fields term OF service, and as he claims
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23

he voted for every Republican tariff bill
during his time, make the point that
he himself admits he voted for reduc.
ton OF the tariff.
the workingmen OF Pittsburgh and
vicinity can take all the consolation they
wish from the Commercial Gazette when
they claim that Mr.. Garfield is q Protec-
ZIONIST, but the above is the record, and
Mr.. Garfield admits that he voted for
these bills, which were the only Repub-
lican Tariff Bills he has had any oppor-
tunity to vote for, and this was q re-
duction Of the tariff.
Ineed scarcely to refer to Garfield's
vote to tax tea and coffee. in which lie
sided with the Free Traders against
every protectionist member of Congress.
We all understand that pretty well.
He was in favor of heavily taxing arti.
Giles OF necessity not produced in this coun-
try, so that there would be revenue
justifying the reduction OF the duties
lfor which he voted) on iron, steel, glass
and coal produced in this country. He
wanted US workingmen to pay a bigger
price for the bit Of tea and coffee We
use, but at the same time would let
down the bars so the cheap labor OF
Great Britain and the Continent, could
compete with American workingmen,
and thus cut their wages or as often hap
pened deprive them of employment.
All / read or hear on the subject salts.
fies me Garfield has voted for every re-
duction of duty on iron, steel, coal and
glass made during the last sixteen years.
A PUDDLRR.
Who 'front.' march in the Garfield Tariff
Procession.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
A Free Trader as Against the People
A Protectionist 10 Help John.

A Free Trader as Against the People
A Protectionist TO Help John.
Within the last two or three years,
when a candidate for United States
Senator from Ohio, and with sneaking
notion of the Presidency, Gen. Garfield
has made certain Protectionist speeches
and given certain Protectionist votes.
During the last session of Congress, AZ a
member OF the Committee on Ways and
Means, he acted with the obstructionlsts
in that committee, and assisted in
thwarting the efforts OF those who strove
for the repeal OF the odious duties on
wood pulp, printing paper, printing
materials, etc. His record is that OF a
Tree trader when the interests OF produ-
GERS were concerned IN protection and
Of protectionist when the interests OF
the whole people demanded that pro-
hib;tory duties should be reduced or re-
pealed. Well might Thaddeus Stevens
address to him the question already
quoted. "Why not come out honestly?'
&c.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
Trustees Sale of Centre Wheel.
ing PrODerty.

DY VIRTUE OF A DEED OF Trust MADE
ID by John =. Bcihl and Susan A. rrihl his
wife, TO George q. Davenport, trustee, dated the
10Th day of September 1872 and recorded In the
Office OF the Clerk OF the County Court Of Ohio
county. in book No. 3, folio 81, ito which deed
the undersigned was substituted ~ trustee ty
an order OF the Circuit Court OF Ohio county, at
its April Term. 1850, to-wit: on the 18Th day Of
July, $780, l will, on
SATURDAY. OCTOBER 30. 1850.
Beginning at 10 O'Clock A. NJ, sell at pupDc
auction, at the front door OF the Court House OF
Ohio county. the following property in Centre
Wheeling. that is TO say: A piece or parcel Of
land containing about eighteen and onc-half
poles, lying in what Is known rs the Pasture
Field, ;" belonging 10 the estate ~ the late John
Eof, In The Sixth ward Of the City Of Wheeling.
and bounded and described ~ follows: Begin.
ming ut stake distant 5. 20 L. 30 feet from the
southeast corner OF piece Of land conveyed Ia
stephen Clark by the said John Eof, Esq. thenoe
;. 20 T.. 100 feet To stake thence =. ~ W. 30
feet 10 a stake; thence y. 20 VI. 100 feet 10
a stake; thence n. 20 f.. 80 fee. 10 the beginning.
Terms or SALg-One half or such greater sum
as the purchaser may elect 10 pay, cash and the
residue on credit Of six and twelve months.
with interest, secured TO the satisfaction OF the
trustee.
The title Is believed TO be perfect, but selling
n trustee will only cpnyey snch ~ is vested In
me by said deed. JOHN WALTON, Trustee.
W. IT, UALIER. AuctiOneer. fpgH
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
GARFIELD THE FREE TRADER
Much Can be Said in Favor Of Free
Trade. Very Little Against It."

much Can be Said in Favor Of Free
Trade. Very Little Against It."
In debate on the tariff question in
the House of Representatives, on July
10. 1866, 39;h Congress, General Gar
field said:
81 am willing as q compromise to Ia
vor the reduction of the proposed duty
on railroad iron, and | presume the
Committee on Railroads will agree with
me in this. / think we should also r.
d,,cs he proposed duty on salt, and have
no doubt in several other particulars We
will reduce the rate Of duty"
Mr.. Thaddeus Stevens replied with
this question:
"Whv not come out honestly and ac-
cept the proposition Of the gentleman
from Iowa Mr.. Wilson. who favored a
tariff for revenue only which Is much
more ingenious one?
To which General Garfield responded
that
AGAINST the abstract doctrine oi free
trade as such rsry lale can BE- sad. As
a theory there is much 10 commend Il.
But it can never be applied to values
sTcSpt az tm' Of peoce.
On April l. 1870, the following debate
took place in the House OF Representa-
,ives, between General Garfield and
Hon. w. ID. Kelly, of Philadelphia:
"Mr. Garfield: As an abstracttheOry
of political economy free trade has
many advocates AID much con b. snid IN
its ftrOr nor will il be denied that the
scholarship OF modern times is largely Oh
thdt side; that large majority OF the
great thinkers OF the present day are
leading IN the direction Of What IS called
free trad,.
"Mr. Kelly: The gentleman say that
no man will deny that the tendency %
the opinion among scholars is toward
free tIade. beg leave To deny II. and
do most positively. The tendency OF
opinion among the scholars of the con-
tinent is very decided toward protection.
This il strikingly illustrated by the re-
cent publication in six OF the languages
OF the continent OF the voluminous wrl-
tings of Henry G. Carey, and their adop-
ton as text books in the schools OF
Prussia. Think the genlleman's pro-
position is true OF the English speaking
people of the world, but that the pre-
popdent tendency is the other way. =
Ne .ippcndir 10 Congressional GLOBE, II
s.s.inn l,Sf IODDr,Ss d. 26S.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23

tive tariff is to levy duties on such pro-
ducts OF foreign, countries as are also
produced in this country rather than on
produce like tea and coffee, which have
no place in American production. The
British system is exactly the opposite
and for that system General Garfield
contended in the speech from which the
foregoing quotation has been made.
On February 10, 1872, the proposition
to place tea and coffee on the free list
was again made in Congress. The pro.
tectionists favored the proposition be-
cause they desired TO raise revenues
from articles in the production of which
our people compete with those OF foreign
countries. Therefore all the members
OF Congress from Pennsylvania, includ-
ing Hon. W. ID. Kelly, voted for the re-
peal of the duties on tea and coffee.
Gen. Garfield voted against the repeal.
See Congressional Globe, I'd Session,
i2d Congress, part H., p. Ills.
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
REDUCINGDUTIEs ON IRON.

Garfield Votes TO Reduce the Duties on
all Kinds of Iron and Steel.
During the first session of the Thirty
eighth Congress the tariff on pig iron
was raised from S. TO - per ton. On
page 1912, Part ", of the Congressional
Globe of 1864, June eth, we find James
4. Garfield voting to reduce the pro-
posed tariff on railroad iron from eighty
down to sixty cents per hundred
pounds, and on the final vote on raising
the tariff his vote is not recorded. On
the reduction Of the duty on railroad
iron he voted in opposition to every
protective tariff man in the House, in
Guiding such men as Judge Kelly, Thad-
deus Stevens and General j. h. Moor
head. In 1870 the duty OF 50 per ton
on pig non was reduced to s. per ton.
General Garfield voted for the reduc
ton; and il was so reduced by the iol-
lowin. section of law, on pages IO3 and
7Oi, Laws of United States, Part 4, APP
pendix, 2nd Session 4lst Congress:
SECTION 81, Ind be It enacted, That
after the 3lst day of December, 1869, in
lieu Of the duties now imposed by law
on the articles hereinafter enumerated
or provided Tor, imported from foreign
countries, there shall he levied, collect
ed and paid the following duties and
rates Of duties. that is 10 say:
On iron in pigs 81 per ton.
On cast scrap iron oi every description
S. per ton.
On wrought scrap iron SIS per ton.
Garfelds vote in favor of this great
reduction OF the tariff OF 1872 and 1864,
will be found on page ,lO1, Part ., and
again on page 5,5222, Congressional Globe,
Part 6. End Session, +lst Congress.
GARFIELD VOTES FOR ANOTHER REDUCTION
IN DUTIES OF IRON, STEEL, ETC.
In 1872 bill making reduction OF
ten per cent. in the duties on wool, iron
and steel passed Congress. This bill
provided:
THAT on and after the lst day OF Au.
gust, 1872, in lieu of the duties imposed
bv law on the articles in this section
enumerated, there shall be levied, col.
lected and paid on the goods, wares and
merchandise in this section enumerated
and provided for imported from foreign
countries, ninety per centum OF the
81 veral duties and rates OF duty now lm-
posed by law upon said articles severaiiy,
IL bfiac the intent Of tbs section 10 reduce
eristitg duties on said articles ten per CEN
tum ofsuch duties, that is to say:
"On all woods.
"On all iron and steel, and on all
manufactures OF iron and steel, OF which
metals. or eitherof them, shall he the
component part OF chief value, except
| ing cotton machinery.
"On all manufactures OF cotton.
"On all manufactures OF wool.
"On glass and glassware.
The vote of Gen. Garfield on the pas
sage of this tariff bill on June 9th, 1872,
will be found in the Congressional
Globe, Part V, ID session 42d Congress,
p. 1852. 1t is recorded yea.
Garfield not only declared his belief
in the doctrine OF free trade, but he has
voted for every reduction made in the
duties on iron, steel. wool, glass, coal,
ETC., made during the last sixteen years.
No wonder he ran away from a repor-
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
CoALoN THE FREE LIST.

Garfield Would Tax Tea and Coffee But
Let in Coal Free Of Duty.
On the 18th OF March, 1871, the fol-
lowing resolution was passed by the
House Of Representatives:
Be ii enacted, &c, That from and after
the passage OF this joint resolution no
tax or duty shall be levied or collected
on foreign coal.
On the passage OF this resolution Gen.
Garfield voted oye.-See Congressional
Globe, Part L., 42d Congress, p. 50.
Hon. w. ID. Kelly and all other mem.
bers of Congress in favor OF protection
voted against this joint resolution re-
pealing the duty on coal. In fact in all
his votes on tariff questions at this time
Garfield was in opposition to the Penn.
sylvania Protectionists, like Judge
Kelly, Gen. Moorhead and others. Gen.
Moorhead is Chairman OF the Allegheny
County Republican Committee and has
been challenged to deny this statement,
and has never dared to do so. Gen.
Moorhead knows when he served IN
Congress-, Garfield was regarded as free
trader.
General Garfield on March 10, 1871,
when the House was considering the
bill referred to, made speech in favor
OF free trade on coal. 81 think it I'M
WISE" hs said, "to continue the odium
of this duty on coal. and / am therefore
IN tdrCr Of is repeal See Globe, Isl ses
l2d Congress, page 80.
Garfield would put an additional tax
on the miners cup OF tea or coffee, but
voted to admit coal free vi duty, thus
bringing their labor into competition
with that of the oppressed miners OF
Great Britain.
On page 81 Congressional Globe, LIST SEES
sion 42d Congress, will be found the
record Of Garfield on taking the tariff
duties oil coal and keeping said duties
on tea and coffee. The resolution on
the coal tariff reads as follows:
BE il resoircI, BE-, That from and after
the passage Of this joint resolution no
tax or duty shall be collected upon for
eicn coal.
On this the vote OF Garfield is record
ed, YEA.
A bill offered by S. J. Randall, Demo-
crat, of Pennsylvania, was next read as
follows:
Be IL enacted. &c, That from and after
the passage OF this act Tea and Coffee
shall be placed on the free list, and no
further import duties shall be collected
from the same.
On this the vote OF Garfield is record
ed. no.
This record shows that CART, Id was
perfectly willing to put coal down to
the lowest price, and at the same time
voted that those who mined the coal
should pay the highest price for Teaand
Coffee,
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
Trustees Sale Of One Hundred
Acres Of Land.

DY VIRTUE OF A DEED OF TRUST MADE
ID by Andrew Hamilton to the undersigned
trustee. dated on the lstn day Of June, 1875, ana
recorded in deed Of trust book No 2, page 5I7, III
the Office OF the clerk OF the County Court OF
Marshall county, West Virginia. WILL on
WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER Il, 1850,
At the front door of Marshall county Court
House, commencing nj 10 O'Clock 4. NJ. sell at
public auction 10 the highest and best bidder. ,
one Hundred acres Of land on the waters Of
JaGcs Run, MARSHALL county West Nsrginia.
Joining Lands OF ". Ashton, Geo. kcmple, the
White farm and others aud luily described la
the deed or deeds from said ilamiltOn's grantors
now duly rrcOr .ci IN the office Of the Clerk OF
Marshall county court, 10 which reference Ia
hereby had for n full description of said land.
About 70 acres Of said land is under cultivation.
TERMS OF SAlE-One half Of the purchase
money or such greater sum as The purchaser
may desire To pay in cash on day Of SALE and the
residue on u credit ~ one and two years, with
interest from day Of sale, for which payments
the purchaser is Ia give his notes satisfactorily
secured by deed Of trust on said land
Selling rs trustee will convey such title as Is
vested in me, which is thought 10 be- perfect
W. V. HOGE, Trustee.
L. r. GRAY. Auctioncer. oclsi
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
TAXING TEA AND COFFEE.
Garfield Believes in the British Tariff
Svstap, "a the Rest

Garfield Believes in the British Tariff
System as the Best.
On the 9Th of July, 1866, General Gar
field delivered sneech IN the House OF
Representatives at Washington, in Com
mittee OF the Whole, in which he en-
dorsed the Tariff system OF Great
Britain, rs follows:
"Mr. Garfield: desire to call the
attention Of the committee to two or
three points which have bearing on
this subject, and to give the reason why
| hope We will not reduce the duty on
tea or coffee. In the lirs; place 1t is the
genius OF our whole system, and the ex-
perience OF the Government has APPROX
ell it, that the best way OF raising rev.
enue is to impose duties on the fewest
possible articles. Twenty-Five years ago
In England there were more than l,2OO
different articles on which duty was i'm
posed and now they have been so re-
duced that upon five articles more than
half the revenue OF the country is col
lected. In England in 1865 1851, 900, 900
of the revenues were raised from five
articles, and two of the five were coffee
and tea. twenty-five million five hun
dred thousand dollars were raised in
Great Britain in the year 1866 on tea
alone, and the consumption of that arti-
Gle is steadily increasing in that coun-
try. 1t is now two and seven-tenths
pounds per capita OF the population,
whereas in this country the consump-
ton, though increasing, has only reach
ell one pound per capita. l say then
that we have no article which the ex-
perience of all financial nations shows
can better bear the duty without reduc-
ing the consumption than tea.
Furthermore, this is one Of the few
articles on which We can levy duty
without duplication OF taxation and
without directly involving other inter.
ests. 1t is a simple and plain question
of revenue. There is no other article
into which it enters as an element
Congressional Globe. Part ". Isl Session,
seth Congress, PIP. S,657-S,65s.
The idea OF those who favor q protec'
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
FARM FOR SALE.

WILL OFFER AT PRIVATE SALE THE
l. Farm owned by the late j. y. Jorian. ST.,
deceased, and containing 30 acres, Of which 100
acres are In grass 20 acres timber. On IL Is good
brick house containing ten rooms: barn 60 feet
hy q feet. under which are sheep stables. cew
stable adjoining, shop. wagon sheds and corn
cribs: milk house, with smoke house over head,
fine orchard OF about 10 trees. six loot coal
ycine underlies the whole of IL.
This valuable farm is located in Belmont
county, Ohio two miles from Ohio river. five
miles north OF Martins Eerry,O For particulars
address or call on l. J. &. Drenncn, Martins
Terry, O.. or J. y. JORDAN, Jr,
Eqecutor. on the premises: postoftce Martins
Ferry. o. jyl0oawsb
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
COMMISSIONER Sale.
In the Municipal Court Of Wheeling:
Joseph Spiedcl q Co., who sue, &c,

In the Municipal tOurt OF NnetiuB'
Joseph Spiedel 4 Co., who sue, &c,
VS..
Alexander T. Garden administrator OF the estate
William Campbell. decd and other.
~ CHkNCEKY.
By virtue Of decree ent",ed in the above en-.
titled cause ny The Municipal Court NJ Wheel
Ing on the - l Gay of september ESQ, the under
signed special commissioner viii sell, Al the
front door OF the Court House OF Ohio comfy,
West Nirginis, on
SATURDAY. OCTOBER 90, 1850
Commencing at 10 O'Clock 4. -, AT publ auc.
ton, to the highest aud bSst bidder, the follow
ing described reaI estate, tO-wit: All the north.
crn half OF that certain lot or parcel OF gronnd
living and being situate in the City OF Wheeling.
Ohio county, West Virginia. in the northern
part OF said city. on the east side OF Main street.
between Third and Fourth street, Joining aud
binding on the north side 81 Fourth street, and
numb rel and designated on the recorded plat
OF said City Of W heeling Is lOt numbered eighty.
FIVE (s5l. A desirable residence Is now on SAID
north half Of said lot -.
TERMS op SALE-Oue hall OF the purchne
money 10 he raid in cash on day Of sale, AID m
much more as the purchaser may elect IN pay,
the balance % De Jsid "a one year alter day o.
sale. with inter, -, and To- D. secured by the nos
OF the purchaser and the title Of said property
10 be rc,rinrd until the purchase money shalI
have O.c, pail ~ IuH. X. u. Bthh,
Special Commissioner.
ECuRISTN AuctiOne.r ,pOi
Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1880-10-23
COmmissiOnersESale Of Valua.
BILE Island Property.
Margaret Korne and another,


vs.
Mary W. Bier. Ct al.
In the County Court Of Ohio COunty-ln
Chsnccry.
Pursuant Ia decree entered IN thoab)vc on
titled cause. on the nth day Of September, ls>sl,
the undersigned special Commissioner will sell
nj the front door Of the Court House OF Ohio
county
Of SATURDAY, THE 18TH DAY OF SOVEM.
BIER, lNSD,
Commencing at 70 O'Clock A N, the following
described real estate. tuwit: lot Of ground
on Whceling Island hulug lot uumherei D. IN
square number I, in G.lchTsts edition Ia the
City Of Wheeling fronting about SIXTY (OI feet
on the east side OF hc>tnut suc"t, and rnnning
back nj right algl"S with sal ! street, n uniform
width Of about sixty t1l feet Ia the ONO liver.
There is on said lot good frame dwelling
house.
TtgxS OF SILR:-Onc third Of the purchase
money and ~ much more H. the purchaser may
elect To pay. in cash, AMI IN" residue ~ Two
,uual annual installments with interest from
day al s,lc, the purchaser giving his notes
for the deferred payments, secured 10y personal
or other security satisfactory {" the Commission
cr snd the title Ia bc rciHincd until the pay
ment Of the purchase money III full.
!. +. JONES,
ocItrNt Special COMMISSIONS.