The Lambertville record. [volume] (Lambertville, N.J.) 1872-1968, 1879-06-04

ing underneath the cerebrum, called cerebel-
lum, each divided into two lobes or hemis-
pheres, by furrowed line, passing from the
anterior or front part to the posterior or back
part of the brain. This line is called the Ion
gtpdipaIsinus. The ssycragc weight Of the
human brain is about three pounds Thus,
/ you have brief statement OF the structure
OF the brain, the seat of the nervous system.
The different organs Of the body sympathize
with each other, and tits through the nerves
that they do this Thus, when headache Is
produced from disordered stomach, it is be-
cause the brain sympathizes with the stom-
ach. When tears flow in grief, It is because
the tear glands are excited to unusual action
through the nerves. Tho sympathy In this
case is with the brain. The sorrowful mind,
by its thoughts, affects the brain. Then tile
tear-glands, by means of the nerves which go
from the braineto them, sympathize with 1t,
and so they make and pour forth Hood Of
tears Thus, wo learn that the nervous sys-
TEN is very complicated system. Wo will
now turn our attention to the machinery that
conveys the vital fluid the blood to all parts
of the body. This apparatus is called tho
circuatory system. As the brain is the cen
tire of the nervous system, SO the heart is the
great central Or of the circulatory system.
There are pipes called arteries, leading from
this great reservoir to every part of the body,
The main pipe or great artery through which
the blood is forced from the heart is called
the aorta. From this there are pipes or ar
| ferries that hrnnch of In
And from these branch off others, just like
the branches of a. tree, until the branches be-
come exceedingly small These small arteries
are called capilaries, from the Latin word
cdpilio, which means hair. They are really
smaller than any hair. When we cut finger
we sever large number of these capillaries.
The heart acts like a forcing and suction
pump 1t pumps out the blood through tho
arteries and by suction it draws the blood
back through the veins or inlet pipes. When
the heart contracts, Or becomes smaller, the
blood rushes out, aud when it dilates or be-
comes full size again, the blood rushes in. Tho
heart is located to the left side of the chest or
the pericardium It's weight is about eight
ounces aud is divided into four cavities or
apartments, called the right auriclo, right
ventricle, the left auricle, and left yentrice.
It's greatest length is about five and halt
inches, and its greatest diameter about three
and half inches. The two auricles act to-
gether, as also do the two ventrcles. When
the two auricles expand the two ventricles
contract, and rice eeesa. The right auricle re-
ceives the dark or venous blood after having
made its round throughout all parts of tho
body at the same time, the left auricle re-
ceiyes the red or arteral blood from the
lungs after having passed through these or
gans from the right auricle to change from
venous, into arterial blood, by the air breath.
ed into them. This is done when the two auri-
eles are dilated. Then they contract. The
right auricle forces the venons blood into the
right ventricle at the same time, the left au-
ricle forces the arteria blood into the left ven
triclc. Then the ventrices contract. The
right ventricle forces the darkor venous blood
through large pipe called the pulmonary ar
terry, from the Latin pulmo, lung. This leads
the blood to the lungs at the same time the
left ventricle forces the blood out through the
great artery or aorts, from whence it Is con-
veyed to all parts Of the body These actions
of contraction and dilation are called the
beating or pulsation of the heart. At each
end of the large veins (Which empty the dark
blood into the right auricle), called the venB
cave, literally meaning, hollow VEINS"
there is little valve, as also at the end of the
pulmonary vein, which pours the red blood
from the lungs into the left auricle). These
open and close something like the valves Of a
pump. For example, when the piston of a sue
ton pump rises the valve at the bottom of the
cylinder opens to let the waterfil up the vacu.
um, while the valve of piston closes to prevent
its escape. When the piston falls, tho valve
at the bottom of the cylinder closes and the
valve in the piston opens and tho water rush.
es above IL through the open valve whereup-
on the piston rising and its valve closing, the
water is.forced out through the spout in an
even stream. Thus, when the an icles dilate,
the valves at their entrance open and the
blood rushes in,-the right auricle being filed
with dark blood from the veins Of the body,
and the left auricle with arterial or red blood
from the lungs. When these auricles con-
tract, these entrance valves close, to prevent
the blood from rushing back and tho valves
between the auricles aud ventricles open, and
the blood rushes Into the ventrices, which are
now dilated. Then the ventricles contract,
and these valves, through which the blood
has just passed close, that the blood may not
rush back into the auricles the valves at the
I rat,ea of fI,a arforiaa ,,oxu omar aud 81.
blood passes out of tho right ventricle into
the pulmonary artery to the lungs the blood
in the left ventricle passes out into the aorta,
thence through all the ramihcations of tho
body. eyNE u Es 4 III - Is
(To BE coNTINUED.)
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