davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
Pea boAy scholarships to be A""r"es'

Ovrcz STATE sup'T PUB. EDUoAT'E,
Jackson Miss. Aug. l, 1879.
To the Editor Of the Comet;
I have to request that you announce
through the columns of The COMET, that
there are six Peabody scholarships at the
Normal College of Nashville University tol
be awarded this fall, and that competitive
examination will determine the Guooessfu
candidates. The scholarships are worth
1900 each, and the parties holding them
will be entitled TO that amount out OF the
Peabody Educational Fund, should the
beneficiary prove worthy as to character
ability general culture and health, such as
to give special promise of usefulness as
teacher The longest period for which a
scholarship will be given to any pupil is
two years. If upon half years trial rea-
sonable expectations are not met, the
scholarship will be withdrawn
The design of these scholarships Is to
prepare students, as far as possible for the
organizing, teaching and general manage
ment of schools and higher educational In
stitutions, both public and private.
Persons applying for admission must not
be under sixteen years Of age, not over
thirty; must produce evidence ct good
moral character, must declare their inten-
ton to become teachers, and their willing
ness to observe faithfully the regulations,
and perform the duties required while
| members of the Institution, and must pass
a satisfactory examination in the ordinary
high school studies The more thorough
and complete the previous education OF tn
student the more valuable will be tn
advantage to BIO acquired at the college
Application for these scholarships shloult
be made 10 the undersigned, at jackson
| Miss. Tho examination of applicants val
be made through the Superintendent o
Education of the county in which th
applicant resides, or by some one designate
by him. A.,
| Applications must be in on or before tn
sth day of September. The session open
about the 1st Of October.
| J. A. smith,
| cIoko Gn,It puhl;c RducatiOu
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
CLARKE COUNTY

The primary election in Clarke county
last Monday resulted as follows
For State Senate Collins, 536; Brown,
$50; Horn, 1872; stovall, 10.
FOR Representative 800; Nc
Williams, 387; Green, ia. A.
Landlord nominated for Sheriff; Mc>
Cormick, Chancery Clerk; Bell. Circuit
Clerk; Stay, Treasurer; May, Assessor;
Evans, Surveyor; Eggerton, Coroner ana
Ranger.
This vote for Senator indicates the almost
certain nomination of Col. Horn. Lau-
derdale has to heard from, and the Mercury
hero is the only candidate in the county
and in the long division of aspsrants from
Clarke he is apt to get good majority over
any of them, and thus secure the nomina
ton.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
MONTGOMERY COUNTY.

a primary election was held in this county
or the ith inst We regret the defeat of
our friend Jones, Of the Advance, for Cir
cult Clerk L made gallant run, but
came out nine votes behind his successful
competitor, Mr.. ] s. Cameron, who re-
ceived 1913 votes, and Jones $50.
The following nominations were made
A. II. Brantly received 1925 votes for
District Attorney, an overwhelming major
ty.
". A. Hurt ran through without opposi-
ton for the Legislature, receiving all the
votes-l456.
james Drane was nominated for Floater.
V. c. Butt received the nomination 70:
Sheriff Il. p. Turner for Chancery Clerk;
J. S. Cameron for Circuit Clerk, W. 7.
Townsend, (no opposition) for Treasurer
W. r. Green received majority Of two
votes over A. C. Robinson, for Assessor
D.R. Mecklin for Surveyor; Wilson ii
Townsend for Coroner and Ranger.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
mULTUM IN PARVe.

Fletcher, the great actor, is oead'',
Maria Del Pillar, the second sister Oh
tho King Of Spain is dead The IRON
steamship Louis Davis, has been wreck
cd and n lives lost. During tue thun'
der storm in Now Orleans on the o'h'
lightning struck chimney OF the res
idence of Mrs. Grunewald, completely
demolishing the mantolpiece' c'ooA'
pictures, ETC.; tho inmates oil tho room
escaped without injury Charles w.
Fisher. ex.United States District Az
torney for the District Of Columbia has
been found guilty Of obtaining money
under false pretenses ; he was remand
ed TO jail TO await the result Oh Oh up
nlioation for a new trial. Soldiers are
diving at fearful rate in the Austrian
army...A dispatch from Now orleans
on the 9Th, stated that the city was en-,
tirely free from fever. Five hundred
more tents will be sent by the United
States Government to the sufferers AZ
Memnbis, A court in Georgia has de-
cided that - woman is not al old maiu
until she is thirty-fve.. The detaultine
cashier of the first National Bank III
Texas, has been arrested in Canada ana
carried home for trial ; he was snof'
$4O 900. The total vote for Presidenl
in 1875, excluding Florida, exceeded
eight million !; in the next Presidenti"
election it is thought it will reach nine
million A Texas farmer has purchased
wire enough to build nineteen miles Oh
fence "A bolt of lightning ran down
the chimney OF the residence OF Jonn
womac. in north west Texas, instantly
killing two little children sitting ny inc
| fire.. The residence of John Hoey, tne
millionaire expressman, at Long
Branch, is said to be the finest II
America. "A memphis dispatch OF the
8th saws there were 8 deaths an'
twenty-five new cases Of yellow fever
The Kentucky election was gloriou
victory for the democracy. Blackburn
majority will reach form forty to htt''
thousand. The Democratic State o
Maryland held her State convention o.
the eth.. Slave trade is abolished Il
Abysneia. :. Capt. Eads, the ietty mai
lis in Washington.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
Staunton (Va.) Vlndicator'

Mai. jed Hotchkiss has returned home
from his educational lecture tour through
Mississippi, having in month delivered
fifty lectures and Travelled two thousand
miles Among the audiences who heard
his lecture on Stonewall Jackson were
members of the old 18th mississippi and
other veterans who had served under jack
son, and their reception of Maj, Hotchkiss
was enthusiastic. He says the negro
exodus of which 30 much has been said,
was so slight as hardly TO have been no.
ticed by the planters. He speaks highly
of the Mississippinns and their high appre-
citation of the cause of public education.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
THE MATERIAL SITUATION OF
MISSISSIPPI.

SNaxt veel, The COMET will begin series
Of able and we'll considered articles upon
Tho material situation of the people OF Mis-
sinni from the pen Of an intelligent ana
tbouahtful taxpayer of the State, who takes
an enlarged and comprehensive view of it.
He undertakes to point out, first, some OF
tho fruitful causes of the hard times, ana
the difficulties which lie in the road to pros
perity. Secondly, he Analyses the question
of taxation, shows what 1t is, and how II
may be reduced. Thirdly, how the people
mag help themselves Pourthly, what the
General Government may do to relieve the
people Filthy, tho destructive character
o, the hen law, and how we may change
from il. Siathly, The compensation OF GER
tain officials may be reduced to nominal
standard and at the same time their charao-
ter raised aud the value Of their services
increased.
These papers are full of sober thought,
the points for the most part well taken' anu
the arguments clear and convincing we
can imagine no more valuable reading Tor
thesa dull summer months, when the SLACK
demands of business give our thinking
men and women time to consider ways ana
means of lifting off the nightmare OF de-
preston which hangs over them. Some>
thing can be done, and something must be
DONE to stay the current of retrogradahon
and turn the tide II the suggestions con"
tanned in the pepers we will begin to print
next week are needed and reduced to prac'
tioe, we believe we can find speedy turn
inn noint
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
THE HONEST GREENBAOKERs.

The speech OF Gen. Thomas Ewing ID
gwen in full on the fourth page of The
COMET to-day, expressly for the benefit OF
Greenbuckers who are restless and dissatis-
fed with the Democratic party on the cur
rency question. Gen. Ewing is the Dem
ocratic nominee for Governor of Ohio; and
the father of the Greenback theory, the
venerable Peter Cooper, has advised the
Greenbackers and Nationals of Ohio to sup
port him in preference to man of their
own domination. This speech of General
Ewing is Il fair and able exposition of the
dominant sentiment Of the Western and
Southern Democracy, and embodies enough
of the vital principles of Greenbackism to
suit any honest Greenbackor who yearns for
the SUCCESS OF the principle instead of seek
ing to uso it as hobby to ride into office up
on. We invite gentlemen who are sincere
in seeking a solid reform, instead OF an
ephemernl hobby, to read it through, and
study it. 1t is truly the key note Of the
canvass in the South and West.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
State sup't Public Rt
ATTAEk COUNTY.

The following is the vote Of this county
in the primary election held on the 9th inst:
For District Attorney. H. Brantley,
997; J. EDWIN, 4s; g. A. Wilson, 1884; j.
T. Hurt, $685. E. L. Bates, ii.
For State Senator,-T. j. Sanders, 2e5;
s. L. Cooper, 1899; Raymond Reid, 800.
For Representatives.. r. McCool,
1856; R. G. CAN'T, 49li T. NJ Glass, eSS
G. L. Anderson, All; NJ. Poole, S73.
For Sheriff. j. H. Gilieland, 949. A
large majority over five competitors'
Circuit Clerk. o. Conner nominated.
For Chanoery Ciesk.-J. B. rurnipseed
received plurality over seven competitors.
For Treasurer. 7. Riley, nominated.
For Assessor. II. Wallace.
For. Surveyor. J. Clark.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

Al the present term Of the Lincoln
county Circuit Court, twenty-seven bull
dozsrs were tried on one indictment. Both
the defendants aud the State were repre-
sentod by very able counsel It is thought
the speech Of District Attorney Cassidy was
the best ever made in that Courthouse
The jury retired Friday evening, and soon
became evident that they were hung. On
Saturday night the juIy reported that they
could not agree. Judge Chrisman request
ed them 10 retire and try it again. After
remaining out till Tuesday morning five
nights and three days-they were stillunablc
to agree, and were discharged. The jury
stood nine for conviction aud three for &C
quittal
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

A Mass Convention of the Democratic
nartv met at Monticello, last Monday. The
following excellent ticket was put IN the
field;
For senator-A. H. Longino, almost
unanimously. Senatorial District, Lin>
coin, Pike and Lawrence
For Representative-Dr. J. A, Tuenisson.
For Sheriff-W. II. Butler; renominated.
For Circuit and Chancery Clerk-H.
Wsathersby.
For Treasurer-C X, Deal; renomlnated,
Assessor-Chas. Walls.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

1t is foregone conclusion that our friend
Col. A. II, Brantly will be the next District
Attorney of the 5th Judicial District. No
better selection could be made.
The above paragraph appeared in the last
issue of The COMET without the sanction
Of the Editor. We know nothing about
the wishes of the people of the 9Th District,
and We are not prepared to pronounce what
their "foregone conclusion is in relation
to the District Attorneyship. 1t Is piece
Of presumption that The COMET would not
be guilty of however anxious II might be
to promote the fortunes Of personal
friend
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
New Advertisements
NOTICE To SHIPPERS
CHICAGO, ST. l., & n. o. II. Il, Co.,
OrPICE OF GENERAL MANAGER.
NEW ORLEANS, La, Aug. 1 ia,

NEW ORLEANS, La, Aug. /, is7q
Notice to Shippers and Persons doing businOs.
tho Chicago IT. Louis and Now Orleans Railyoo%G
nnrIne the Epidemic of 1873, this Company 4
subiootod 10 many l0ssed ana damages for n0n.IN
livery and delay Of merchandise shipped over y
llno which delays ana damngcs were caused H.
quarantine regulations at the several points on "
Ana including New Orleans and Cairo @
A, fears ara npain entertained OF tho Fever ma,
,,s, H. annoarnnce nearly all the towns and cn'
ts ON the line Of this road are enactng and putt%
into effect quarantine regulations. II is the inS
Hon NJ this company, as far as practicable, Ia %S
NV with ali legal regulations adopted by tho D
hor,tiea and In order to protect itscli against T.
~ damaecs in the shipment OF frcights, II has bS
deemed: .,.o,,,0,,
scribed 10 by ali shippers OF froghs TO local pos
~ ths line Of this road, during the ca stenec y
quarantine regulations, to-wlti
Nov Orleans Railroad Company iss prevented !
any quarantine regulation, rom Saneiivering at i
dcstination, the merchandise specified In saldcO
nSny's receipt given TO me, this---------day !,
P1"' - IS79, at It's depot ST.. :
tho snid Railroad company Is authorized to delv,
sald merchandise at the nearest point to the dlstt
nation OF said goods tof ~ inc nsarest station b.
nav he allowed to unload the same and that aits
sai3 goods are discharged at such point, they sla
o at The owners risk OF loss damage to sad n@
chandlse and agree that the company respCb.,
bty for the same shal then said ana nSse G
,"rnsJ to me, by or at my request, or for the re
Wat the RAILROAD Company Ia prevented from a.
sav the same on the line of Its road, Or on IL
line Of s connections VIII rs e the Same s
ever Is returned to P0ns o. SHIPMENT and M
p'SS I'd, That oil ireights shipped to any point It
,rhinh Quarantine regulations are IN force or effect
must be PREF paid, otherwise they Will notbR
coiyed for transportation .,.n.. .oh.
, oa' s,h and will remain In full force durin,N
c a%sh1v Of quarantlnes-and no 0ncG q
tnnrt IL authorized to make any exceptions thCyD
These regulations do no, apply to through II 1S| @
destined points beyond d saS aS G to N s9s
| " watts are hereby instructed to govern hT
.oIrss In accordance with the above requlremena
sot'oc :" JAS. C, CLARKE,
| ,,,s,.ot Vice Pres't and Gen. Manage
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
YRLLw FEVER.

A telegram was received yesterday by the
Board of Health in this city, that death
had occurred yesterday in Mayersville from
yellow fever. Mayersville is situated in
Issaquena county, on the bank of the Mis-
sissippi river, in dangerous proximity to
Memphis. The dispatch, however, does
not state whether the case was imported
from Memphis or not. The fever at Mems
phis continues, but is not increasing to any
alarming extent The physicians there
seem to have it pretty well under their
control.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

AN ordinance passed by the Board OF
Supervisors of Washington county, goes on
to soy that "any person OF persons, steam
boat or other water craft, violating, ETC.,
shall be fined ono hundred dollars andplac'
ed in jail" It strikes us that 1t would be
big Job to get the Lee out of the river, and
immune her in jail. But, perhaps, the
Board has the proper facilities for such
work, and is equal to the undertaking.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

THE STATE BOARD OF MEALTH'

Met yesterday in Jackson Present, DR..
Rice, President, Drs. Sale, Hill, Redwood,
Wharton, Bennett and Johnston.
A quorum being present, the Board pro"
oeeded to the business which called them
together, viz; the establishment OF quaran>
tine stations, which stations were fixed as
mentioned in another paragraph in The
COMET.
The Secretary was directed to telegraph
Unconditional Board for authority to estab-
lish a fifth quarantine station near Corinth,
on the M. & @. RAILROAD
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

Two-TnRDs Of the soil Of England and
Wales is owned by 1920 persons, two
thirds of Scotland is Owned by $50 persons,
and two~third5 Of Ireland ia owned by l,942
persons. These are the significant figures
which John Bright hurls at the British
landed aristccsacy rs an offset to the o4Torts
OF those who are trying to force protection
hack upon the country.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

MooDY and Sanliey rte on the war path
again. They opened the campaign against
Satan last Sunday in New York. It is said
that sankey sings Hold the Port a. loudly
and sweetly as ever, and that Moody's elo-
quence from the text GONE iF full Of tie
pathos and fire Of former days We wish
the firm unbuunded success.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
Discovery Of the Wreck Of the
Brother Jonathan.

SAN FRANcIsco, August g. Some parties
in this city, who have been working up tho
matter for some time past, have discovered
the wreck of the steamer Brother Jonathan,
which foundered off Point st. George, near
Crescent City, in July, 1865.
She lies in an upright position in about
twenty two fathoms of water, and about
fifty fathoms from the submerged rock on
which she is supposed to have struck.
There we're about one million dollars in
treasury notes and bullion in her safe, and
the finders are fitting out an expedition for
the recovery of the treasurer, which be>
longed to tho government, whose claim is
held to have lapsed on the expiration Of ten
years after loss.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

j. j. BULLOCK, Of Pike county, has trac-
ed tho murderers of Ike Duncan, which was
perpetrated il that county some months
ago, to their iungles, and succeeded in
capturing three Of them. The penitcntiary
will probably receive an acquisition through
hig efforts.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

TIE Board Of Health Of Mississippi have
succeeded In procuring from the appropria-
ton made by Congress means enough to
establish quarantine stations in Mississippi.
Stations will be established OF Osyka,
southern State line on N. o. O. st. L. r.
r.; Fort Adams on the Mississippi river;
Michigan City, and at Commerce, on the
Mississippi river, below Memphis.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

TIE effort made to organize Green
back club il the Raymond precinct
last Saturday, was also slimIy attend
ed, if not failure, Thirty voters, OF
Greenback political proclivities, were
present says the Gazette, and five Of this
number were coIOred men.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

TIE District Attorneyship il the 9th
District promises to be closely contested
between G. A. Wilson, Of Holmes, and
A. II. Branuyof Choctaw. One or the other
IS bound to be nominated, and the District
is safe for a good prosecuting Attorney in
either one.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
Grendada Comfy Nominations.

For Distrit Attorney A. II. Whitfield for
the Legislature, J. J. Williams; for Sheriff,
X, n. HALL for Chancery Cle:k, A. V. D.
Thomas for Circuit Clerk Geo. W. Beard;
for Treasurer, b. s. Norman; for Asses
sor, Il. II. Hardy; for Coroner and Ranger,
Henry Cooley.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
scott County.

The primary election in Scott county last
Tuesday, re-endorsed X. I. d. Simmons
for Sheriff, and J. B. blackwell for Circuit
and Chancery Clerk, and nominated Judge
N. Lyle for Representative.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

IR. MANToN MABBLE, the well-known
journalist, waited until the ripe age of
nearly Il ere he took to himself bride
Buffalo Express. He did not begin wait
ing, however, until hia first wife died.
PhiladelphlA Bulletln.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

The first bale OF new cotton sent TO New
Orleans from Mississippi, was raised by
Geo. McKinstra, Of Adams county. 1t sold
for 1O4 cents per pound
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

SENATOR McDogALD,, Of Indiana ex>
pressed to a New York Herald Reporter the
other day the opinion that the Democracy
would cary the next Presidential election
without doubt
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

The President begins work shortly after
o'clock in the morning, His son Webb
sits on his left hand Hayes goes IL for
modern improvements, and has great deal
Of his writing done by Webb press
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

The personal difficulty between Col. A
A. J. Frantz, Of tie Brandon Repub>
lican, and W H. Thompson, ESD, OF the
Record. has beon nonorably adjusted,
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

Coz. MAKING intends to stump bis Dls>
trict. It is needless TO say that he Will do
solid service for the Democracy, and pour
hot shot into the Independent camp
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
ExEUUTTsIx NOTICE.

NrorICE ishereby given that on the IAN d'yal
~ INV 1870, letters testamentary Of tbe M
~, o yd testament Of Philip Kolb deceaaed, va
NV the Chancery Court for the First l,stda II
Kinds county, Mississippi, duly granted y thsUl
d hlS now ali persons having olait gais
said estate are requested 70 have them egi'@i
in tho manner and within We time pres npi v
in n,t " WY MARGARET KOLB,
sV Execuir1
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

The New South says there is good deH!
Of dissatisfaction manifested because the
Board of Supervisors have raised the quar-
ontine of Grenada county.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

WE acknowledge the receipt Of an invita-
ton to attend the Military and Fancy Dress
Ball of Claiborne Light Artillery, on
Thursday evening, August q, 1879.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

Acconp1xa to Senator Mcdonald, Grant
and Tildeu are the two weakest men the
two great parties could nominate
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

Chancery Court, LIST District, ulhus 'ouhIy "
sissippi
JESSIE BRACRY,
VS.. mo. 1911
HANNAH BRAoEY.
On onenino the sworn statement Of comrhilu
IN The above stated case, and 1t appearinSbA
sa,;sfoetion of the Court that Hannah Bracey III
= .iendant In tho above stated ease, do ID
reside inthe State of Mississippi, but beyond @
limits thereof, residence unknown, 10 that thea
dinary process Of this Court cannot DO eHeua
Sgainst ber, it is therefore ordered by the COT
KAT said defendant, Hannah Dracey, 40 enter As
annearanco herein, on or before the 2nd Mohday 1
Spppptember, A. D. 1870 the same being areur
term of said Court, at the Court room Thereof, nth
city Of Jackson, Kinds county, Mississippi, M
plead answer or demur to complainants bill Ga
aevera allegations thereof will be taken for COMES
81 as 70 her. II is further ordered that this Ola
be published in the weekly COMET, nGvgsa
published in the city OF JacKsoh' ono' SNS Ii
Tour consecutive weeks.
Ordered this July 2ith, 1877 c,..,
BY G. MOORE, D. T.
A tYue copy from the minutes, ~
n n AIonpR d. G.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09
MAJOR Foobe.


fIOm inc Cfyslbl opilhe5 hOnltoI
Oopiah having lost her 4rst choice, dis
posed of her delegates votes with view to
the highest interests of the constituency.
The result is shown In the proceedings of
the convention. OF the choice of the con-
vention we can truly say that the district
will have an efficient officer, of first rate
forensic ability. Mr.. Foote is lawyer of
experienee-a gentleman Of culture, man
Of commanding presence-s fine speaker,
and the highest talent of the bar will be
required to meet him when he is prosecut-
ing case.
We commend him to the Democracy of
our country as man in every way worthy
of their sufrages-in every way qualified
to discharge the important duties Of Dis
trict Attorney-and q Democrat of the
purest water.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

The Key Stone State is no longer Penn
svlvania, but Ohio, and the chances TOR
General Rwug's triumphant victory are IN
creasing every day.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

The Convention to nominate District
Attorney for the Sd Judicial District, meets
at Sardis on the 18th inst.
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-08-09

The Sherman family are unpopular NJ
ohio and this sentiment will extend over
the whole United States in 1880,