davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
OUR TENURE OF LIFE

Depends in great measure upon our regard for or
neglect Of the laws Of health. II we violate
them we cannbt expect to make old bones. I"
But that the span of existence allotted to a
naturally delicate constitution, or one which has
been shaken by disease may be materially
lenthened, is a fact of which we have daily
proof. The vivifying and restorative influence
Of Hostetter's Stomach. Bitters upon a failing
physique affords a striking illustration Of the
power Of tudicious medication to strengthen the
hold on life. Restored digestion, complete as
fimilation, renewed. appetite, sound repose,
these are among the benefits conferred upon the
debllitated by that supreme renovant. With a
circulation enriched, a frame invigorated, and a
nervous system tranquilized, the invalid, af.er q
course of the Bitters, feels that his life tenure is
no longer the precsrious thing that 1t was-that
he may yet enjoy a green old age"
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
THE CAUSE OF the DIFFERENCE,
One ofour Ice Dealers badly Cornered h
an Inquisitivc Female.

One ofour Ice Dealers badly Cornered by
an Inquisittvc Female.
"You have ice for eale?" was the remark
Of a lady Yesterday, as she accosted a dealer
in that article.
Eyes 'um; l have. Good ice too, clear
and clean aud cold, and beautiful ice, num-"
was the response.
GLOW do you sell it?"
"Seventy-ive cents a load"
"Bat I can buy it down the street for
fifty cents a load" she said.
"Well," replied the dealer, (who was
laboring under the delusion that he pc.
sessed a monopoly Of the ice business, and
was very much embarrassed over the sudden
discovery that he had a rival in trade, but
was not at all disposed to be out done in
low prices). "Well, I'll sell you ice for
fifty cents a load too. We have two kinds.'
"Will it be good ice?" asked his fai.
customer.
THE best kind-large solid chunks,
transparent q. air, and absolutely free from
all deleterous substances which might i'm.
pair it's quality or in any manner interfere
with the results to be obtained from''-
"But," she interrupted, whats the differ.
ence between your fifty cent ice and your
seventy-fve cent iceY
He had been afraid it would occur 70 he,
to ask some such question ~ this before he
could think of an answer, aud as it came
out he drew in q long breath and scratched
his head, but finally tumbled to himself and
explained: "You see, mum, our seventy.
five cent ice amt anv better quality, but we
cut it farther out in the channel, where it,
more dangerous to get" and then he swashed
his handkerchief down over hia blusbing
countenance, wiped off the accumulated per-.
piration and waited as meek as a lamb for
further Developments.
Il think" she said, II will take a load of
the fifty cent kind"
He was glad to get rid of her on those
terms and when she had gone he vent of
and sat down on a cake Of bis favorite mer-
chandise and famed himself with a snow
ball. l: was = terrible trial he had gone
through with, being all unprepared with
something to soy, and since then he has
thought Of a dozen better reasons than the
M he gave.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
Or. BuRLEIeH's COMING EXCURSION.

The Philadelphia New Northwest con.
tains the following account of Dr.. Burleigh's
contemplated Missouri river and Yellow.
stone river excursion
DR.. w. A. Burleigh, of Yankton. ex.con.
gresham, and en- of the most popular and
enterprising Of the upper river operators,
has planned and is now engaged in making
the necessary preliminary arrangements for
the grandest steamboat excursion ever pro.
jected in the far west. Starting from Yank.
ton about the first OF May, he will first take
his excursionists up to the falls of the Mi
souri,, 80 miles above Fort Benton, in the
days Of Lewis aud Clarke, the greatest nat
ural wonder of the western mountains, then
dropping down to the mouth of the Yelluw-
stone, will ascend that river and the Big
Horn to the scene of the lamented Clster's
fight end then go on up the Yellow
stone to the highest point accessible bv
steamboat; there he will have guards in
waiting, with necessary saddle and pack.
horses, when his excursionists will be taken |
up to the Mammoth Hot Springs on Gard
ner's river, and on up to the great falls Of
Yellowstone, and all through the Ma
Lional park, giving them ample time to view
The geysers, mud volcanoes and other won.
of the most wonderful spot Of earth.
Tho boat, Gen. Terry-new, swift and
be remodeled in palsce-car
style, for the important venture, and the
doctor will use another of his boats for the
purpose if the number Of applications
far passage should warrant. Quite Z mum.
Der have already applied for passage. Nine
y days will be given to the round trip. and |
total distance to be travelled will not
fall short of 5000 miles.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

OFFICE BOARD oFCoUNry oMMIss1oNER I
Iankton, ID. T., Jan. It'll, 1879.
Notice is hereby given. that sealed proposals
will be received ut this Office until 9 o'clock p.
m. Of Thursday, the, 9th inst, for medical at
tendance on the raupeis and prisoners of Yank-
ton county, for the year 1879; said service to in
clude all medical attendance. all surgical opera
tions. all consultations. and the furnishing of all
medicines required. The board reserve the
right to reject any or all bids.
Bo order of the Board of Co. Commissioners.
Z. MINER. Co. Clerk.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
YAnkron PRODUCE MARKET.
.Yankton, January 8.
NO CREDIT, BUT CHEAP GOODS.

From January 1st, 1879, no more credit
can be obtained at the millinery and Dress
making establishment Of the undersigned.
For the next thirty day, all millinery goods
are marked down twenty five per cent.
Mrs. C. A. LYONS.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
HARD PAN

Great reduction in prices on all kinds Of
groceries At Jenkinson & Pixies. Just re-
ceived, a large assortment Of Dozier, Weyl
& Co.'S imperial cakes and %jumbles, one
shilling per pound. The following reduc-
lions on oysters by the dish: Raw, IS eta I:
stews, 25 cts fry's IS cts.
JENK1NsoN & PIKE,
Sign of the Red Light, Sd Street.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
DAKOTA.
The Proceedings Of the Lsgislaturs
. Of 1879 for One Dollar.

The Daily Press and Dakotaian viii con.
tain full reports of tho proceedings of the
legislative assembly Of Dakota. to convene
Tuesday, January l4th. 1870. and will be
furnished to mail subscribers for one dollar
for the full session of 40 days.
Address.
Bowen & K1sassuRY. Pubs.
Yankton, Dakota.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
CARD.

To all who are suEerins from the errors
and in~discretiors Of youth, nervous weak.
early decay, loss Of manhood, &C., ! will
send 2 recipe that will cure you, FREE
OF CHARGE. This great remedy was
discovered by . missionary in South Ameri.
ca. Send . selfaddreased envelope to the
Rev JosEPH T. LYMAN, &suiios ID, Bile
House, Me York CITY.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

=
Go to schandien's and inspect his large
and attractive assortment Of new goods.
Prices lower than ever, and all goods of the
best quality.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
ICE ICE

Why famish when you can get ice for sew
enty-five cents . load, delivered? Leave
orders at james Clark's grocery, Third
street. VIM. b. PALMER.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
FOR SALE.

A set of cottage furniture, wardrobe and
q lot Of table and Kitchen ware for sale
cheap. Inquire At once of Maj. Hughes at
quartermasters Office.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING.

Notice is hereby given. that the annual meet
ing of the Chamber of Commerce Of Yamkton.
will be held at the office Of the secretary OH
Monday evening. January 18th. 1873. ut ~
O'Clock p. M.
BY order Of JAMES C. MCVAY,
JAMES s. FOSTER. President.
Secretary.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
SO REWARD.

Ten dollars reward will DO paid for the appre-
hension and conviction Of the party or parties
which have During last summer) been cnttthR
and carrying away timber from my land on the
Jim river. And will pay = reward Of zen dol
lars for the apprehension and conviction Of any
party that hereafter will unlawfully cut aud
carry away any timber from laid premises.
JOHN LEyoRsoN.
Yankton. D. r.. Jan. eth. 1879.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
0 FOR RENT.

The store building now occupied by A.
Burnhsm as q millinery store, on Third
street. will be for rent from January first
next. ". P. DEWEY.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

Call at A. s%chandien's and inspect the
new stock Of lamps, chandeliers the finest
assortment ever brought to thia market.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
Bismarck tribune, 9Th.

The cold wave subsidized vest .rday morn
ing. 1t was 26 below zero vt Fl Lincoln
O0e day last week it was 80 below zero.
A team Of horses belonging 10 Joe DIETRICH
were frozen to death on the road TO The
Hills. Fears are expressed for the safety
ola tram of sixteen teams. A soldier at
Fort Lincoln was frozen so badly that both
arms will have to be amputated.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
c. W. sEEsolo's HEADQUARTERS.

Next door to the post Office, is the place
to procure your Christmas goods. There
can be found the largest assortment Of toys,
confectionery, fruits, oysters, &C., in the
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

Milwaukee beer on draught at George
'0Down's at Eve cents . slass.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

Dosier, Weyl 4 Co'scelebrated cakes and
jumbles, 123 cts per pound, At Jenkinson 4
Pixies.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

Milwaukee lager beer and lunch at Frank
Cochrane's.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
GIRL WANTED

To do general housework at Cheyenne Agen.
cy. Apply at the cash grocery Of
A, w, LAVENDER,
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
TAKEN UP.

One sorrel and one bay horse, both having
white spots on forehead. and shoes OH feet. The
owner will paw charges and. take them away.
G.. L. RICHARDSON,
Corner Broadway & 4tl-Sis.
Yankton. ID. T.. Jan. 9TH. 1879.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

A lot Of fine Michigan winter apples, Just
received and for sale at
I. F. D11aER's,
Broadway.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

DR.. d. ID. Dodge, dentist, Dewitt's bloc
YanktOn.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
LOST.

Yesterday, on Third street, a wallet containing
s4.75. The finder will be rewarded bv returning
It to MRS. A.. M. DAWSON,
Cor. Sd s Linn Sts.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
Bismarck Tribune, 3oth..

Bismarck Tribune, 3oth..
Among the bidders for the construction
Of tue extension of the Northern Pacific
we're John A. Mclean & Co., and Donslo
Stevenson, Mason & Co.. Bismarck. The
contract was awarded to a New York party,
the lowest bidder.
Service on the mail route from Bismarck
to Fort Keogh has been increased to three
times q Week, and expedited to six,y-five
heurs. This will throw all of the mail
which has heretofore been sent via the Tn
Pacific via Bismarck, and build 10 one
Of the most important freight, express and
passenger lines in the country.
The following gentlemen will leaye for
Chicago, shortly. supGnaed 90 the Reno
court martial which convenes January 10
next: Captains McDnuxall and Godfrey.
Standing Rock; Col. Benteen. Capt. Moy-
Ian, L'tuts. Wallace, Vsrnum, DtRudio,
and Gerard the interpreter. all from Fort
Lincoln.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

Ten pin alley At Fred Lerch's
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
Spefhl 8uttfs.
FOR RENT.

A small tenement Tor rent. Apply ut
A. q. FULLER.
YAnktOn.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
FOR RENT.

The one story wooden building on Third street,
opposite the Press and Dakotaian office, occu-
pied by Il. T. White, is offered for rent. Apply
to Ed. PALMER,
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
TAKEN UP.

December goth. 1878. on my premises west OF
!fanktOn. one red and white spotted COW, right
horn dropped and left hind leg lame. The own
er is requested to prove property, pay charges
and take the animal away.
T. ". BRIsBlNE.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

!. Tom and Jerry, 4 It Frank Cochrane,s, o.
Third street.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

A good stew Of oysters for rs cts 1t Jenk.
inson & Pixies.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
FOR RENT.

The brick store occupied fly Chas. EisenMn &
Co., situated on Broadway. will be for rent on
the lst of January next. Apply to
ROs
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08

BRICK STORE ROOM TO RENT.
On Third street, between Consleton's and Pur
dy's. 70feet deep and Is feet wide In the clear,
Widest on Third street.
C.. j. Il. HARRls.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-01-08
NORTHERN DAKOTA.
Fargo independent. LIST.

Fargo Independent, LIST.
On last Saturday there we're a drove ot
antelope seen on the Sheyenne, a few mile.
south Of Valley City.
New Year starred GU with the coldes,
morning of the season. Early in the day
the thermometer at Goodman & Yerxx'.
stood at 800 below zero, and later in the
morning it rose to 17o below.
We know a citizen of Fargo, a man OF
wealth and hign standing. who is trying to
borrow $4,000, for which he will give 333
per cent interest. He intends 10 use the
money in paying tie back taxes on the odd
sections in Cas- county. We think he dis.
plays sound sense, and believe il will prove
= first-class investment.
The contract for building 100 miles of the
Northern Pacific extension from the MIS-.
~ouri river west, has been awarded to Ste
,hen g. Walker, Of Peekskill, N. T., He
man Clark, Of East Orange, N. Y, James
Bellows. Of Rochester, N. Y. and Robert j.
Campbell, Of Bath, N. Y. 1t is supposed
that It will be built BY the LIST of next De.
cember.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1879-12-18

TIE pope sent fresh dispatches TO the
bishops of Chilli and Peru on the 18th
inst recommending them to use their
influence in favor of peace
AN assassin fired two shots at Lord
Lytton, viceroy of India, on the 18th
inst, but missed his intended victim.
The assassin was arrested.
VIENNA advices of Dec. 9Th says the
news of the appointment of Gen. lgna-
tief as Russian ambassador TO Rome,
has created quite a scare in government
circles here. A semiofficial newspaper
qualities it as a provocation to Austria.
THE Bulgarian assembly, says Wen
ma dispatch Of Dec. 18th, was dissolved
because the leaders of the majority re-
fused to allow Prince Alexander to have
any voice in the nomination of the new
cabinet The cabinet appointed to carry
on the government until the new assem-
bly, shall meet, with Bishop Clement, of
Tirnova, as premier and minister of pub
lie instruction, is such as will demon
strate the princes anxiety to avoid the APP
pearance of his siding with either party.
CAIRO advices under date of Dec. Sth,
SAYS infor nation from M9ssowah repre-
sent that King John is marching forward
with the main body of the Abyssinlan
army and forty guns. 1t is said he is
determined to occupy the districts OF
Seminar and Galabet, in the Blue Nile
territory. He declares European inter-
vention will not prevent him enforcing
his just claims, including indemnity for
the past
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1879-12-18

the weapon, the contents entering the
child's heart and passing entirely through
the body. The remains of the child were
inferred in the Catholic cemetery, near
independence.
A DISPATCH from Nashville, Tenn,
Dec. 18th, gives the following particulars
of painful accident: Yesterday morn
ing two children of William McCroy,
girl aged 8 and a boy aged 3, were
drowned by the breaking Of dam Of ice
in pond IL miles north of this city. The
ice pond was formed by two dams quar-
ter of mile apart. The recent Heavy rains
swelled the waters, causing the lower dam
TO burst, and the current of water swept
down ON the McCroy cottage near the lee
pond. MeCroy, with two of his chill
dren in his arms and leading third, the
youngest, and followed by his wife. at
tempted to wade through the flood from
his house, which was surrounded by wa.
ter to the depth of six feet. A floating
timber of an old ice-house knocked the
little boy out of his fathers arms, and
tore the little girl from his grasp, and
they were drowned. McCroy and his
wife and their remaining child escaped.
A BRADFORD, Pa, dispatch of Dec.
18th says: A fire broke out last evening
at the well "F,' belonging to f. o.
Emerson, in red Rock. The we'll had
been cleaned preparatory to torpedoing
and was left open. Supt. Mason
passed by with lantern, and the gas
ignited and set fire TO the rig. The we'll
made flow and the burning oil ran
down the hill to $50 barrel tank, which
caught fire. The fire communicated
with $4,000 barrel iron tank which was
soon in blaze and burned steadily I'M
til 5 o'clock this morning Rivers of
oil flowed down the valley and through
the Main street of Red Rock, burning all
the business and private houses in the
town.. Three hundred families are home
less, and there is great suffering. The
scene at the village after the fire had con-
sumed all there was to feed on was simply
appalling. A dense black cloud hung
over all the surrounding country and
nothing but blackened beams and still
smoking ruins, showed the site of what
had been not long before thriving viii
lage. Relief committees were sent from
several surrounding towns. The loss is
estimated at fully 100000.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1879-12-18
FIRES AND CASUALTIES.

THE large two story school house at
ROssville, Ill, burned Dec. 10th. The
origin of the fire is unknown.
JAMES McCULLocH committed suicide
at Rock Island, H., Dec. 10th, by taking
laudanum. The deceased was captain of
company ID, 18th III. volunteers.
FRRDERIcK Hay, John Reckler and q
boy named James, were killed Dec. 12th
in the Forest colliery, near Pottsville,
Pa, By the caving in Of portion of the
mine roof
A TERRIFIC explosion Of two or three
tons OF nitro glycerine occurred on Fox
Island. in the Detroit River, twenty
miles below Detroit, Dec. 18th.
SAYS Paterson, N J., dispatch of Dec.
nth: John McEvoy, aged 10, on Monday,
went 10 work in the Union Belt works.
He crawled under the circular saw in the
afternoon for sawdust, and his head was
almost literally sawed off. He is still
alive, hut il will be miracle almost II
he RECEIVERS.
J. Ii HICKS, q prominent stock man OF
Russell, Kan, committed suicide IN me
Russell house there on the 10th inst. He
dressed himself carefully and placed
himself in comfortable posi-
ton before committing the act.
For weeks the deceased had lahored
under the horrible delusion that his
brain was ON fire.
A MOST distressing accident occurred
al OtteFville. Buchanan county, lega, SIX
miles northwest of Independence, says
speciN of Dec 18th by which German
named Weiser, while playfully aiming q
. supposed empty revolver at his little 2.
yeaE old child. accidentally discharged
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1879-12-18
CRIME.

In the case of Hayden charged with
he murder of his sister, at Wor-
C-s Cen, the jury returned a verdict
ef not guilty. on the 18th inst. The case
hsd been on trial for nearly forty days
and had attracted national attention.
The verdict was received with loud
cheers.
A New York dispatch of Dec. 9th
says Eo ec1Ih warrant has been signed
~ The exec uticn of Nathan Greenfield,
nv.cted after the third trial, in SYRIA
Sc, for the mu der of his wife. He is
rtcncct IL b. hanged on Friday next.
AN Osweeo ,eIegram of the 9th inst.
4yg Daniel Searles (colored) for the
nwder Of Eld1ldge G Reiney, (white)
.Navmk Valley, June 25, last, has
yoeo sentGnced to be hanged. january
-, 1889.
5;LrAN CE ARK, convict in the Still
v.atr, Mimi, penitentiary, was shot and
SANITY killed by Deputy Marshal Hull,
G nth. for refusing to obey his orders
. 20 10 his cell. He made q deadly as
uit on a fellow prisoner the week pre-
,l3us. He twas serving ten years SEN
ence and was formerly in the Joliet, ILL.,,
renitentiary.
River Falls journal. [volume] (River Falls, Pierce County, Wis.) 1872-2019, 1879-12-18
Form of Type with Reference TO It's
Iegibiiiiy.


We find some interesting remarks on
the form of letters in typography in a
recent paper on reading and eyesight
by NJ. Javei We are not to suppose,
he says, that in reading q line one pass
es successfully from the lower part Of
letter to the upper part, then down the
next letter, np the next, and 80 On, the
vision describing wavy line. The
fixation takes place with extreme pre-
cision along straight line, passing
along the junction of the upper third
of the letter with the lower two-thirds.
Why is this line not in the middleP
Because variations in the form Of the
letters are more frequent above than
below, in the proportion Of about IS
per cent. One may understand Ibis by
applying on line of topographic char
acters sheet OF paper covering the
line in its lower two-thirds, and leaving
the upper third bare; one is then able
to read the letters almost az well as if
they had not been concealed in greater
part. IL is aot go, however, il we cover
the upper two-tbirds of the line; the
lowest third Of the letters alone does
not furnish sufficient for recognition.
The characteristic part of the letters,
then, is chiefly in their upper part.
Comparing next the ancient characters
with those of modern books, NJ. Javel
maintains that the latter have too much
uniformity, so that, taken in their up
per parts alone, many OF them may be
COMPOUNDED in reading. The old let
ters, on the other hand, he'd each a
a particular sign, by which hey could
easily be distinguished from other let
tiers. The Elzivirian a, for example,
mas no resemblance to o; the r could
not be confounded with the u as now,
nor the or with o, the b with b, etc.
This Unnecessary uniformity in the up
per Fart Of topographic characters
should be corrected.