The Newtown bee., 1879-10-22
FARM, GARDEN AND HOUSEHOLD.
Useful Hints for Farmers.

pAiI roiS al iilOd-
crate quantity of salt, but they cannot
use as much as sheep without injury,
because OF the different character of their
intestines; the swine's stomach is small,
and is easily affected by acid substances,
while the Sleeps paunch is large, and
large quantity of salt may be eaten with
impunity, rs it is largely diluted by the
half liquid contents. Half an ounce o
salt may be given occasionally to each
hog, separate. y-not when in bunch
otherwise some will take too much.
WINTER PAsTURE.-Where the win
ters are open, and the ground is but
rarely frozen and covered with snow,
n field sown with rye will furnish ex-
cellent pasture for sheep or cows during
the winter or early spring months. The
rye is eaten off closely, but it soon thick
ems up, and if the stock is taken off in
March, an excellent crop of grain may
be harvested. 1t is necessary to watch
for the production of the sheath which
contains the immature spike or head
when this is found pasturing should be
stopped as it will not grow again if it
is eaten.
FREEZING AND THAwING.-" 1t is not
so much the jumping as the striking
which hurts" SO with tender plant,
it is not so much the freezing as the
thawing that Injuries. When a plant
freezes the water of the sap separates
from the thick material, often running
out into the spaces between the cells. If
the thawing is slow, the water will re-
Uurn InUu TIE cens ana the PAM WIN Of
ten sustain little or no injury, while if
the thawing is rapid the return and re-
adjustment is not brought about and the
part or whole plant dies. If n plant is
frozen it should be "thawed out" slowly
and with great care by keeping it a little
above the freezing point. This is an
important fact, and may save many VAL
liable plants.
CLUB-RooT IN CABBAGEs.-M. Wor-
onin, IN eminent microscopic botanist,
has been giving considerable attention
to the rather common destructive and
mysterious trouble among cabbages,
known us club-root, stump-foot, club
foot. etc. He finds that the abnormal
growth is caused by minute fungus, to
which he has given the name of PlaSreo-
diophora braSSicg. Thin sections of the
diseased portions reveal the fungus with
its spores under the higher powers of
the microscope. AS the spores are ex-
ceedingly numerous, the soil may become
infested with them. and communicate
the trouble to plants upon the same soil
the next year. A diseased crop should
not be followed by cabbages again. ssOnly
healthy plants should be set. An appli~
cation of lime to the soil has proved of
benefit; and from the nature of the
trouble the use of sulphur would be
likely to be useful.
SPREADING MANURE.-There can be
no waste in spreading manure at this
season us fast us it is made. There is
more danger of waste by keeping it in
the yard exposed to the air and to the
washing by frequent rains. From the
time that the manure is dropped until it
is spread upon the land, it is subject to
waste by gradual decomposition. When
spread upon land it loses nothing by de-
composition, for the soil absorbs every
portion that is liberated by this process,
and is washed into the soil by rains. 1t
is, therefore, advisable to spread manure
lift is needed, upon meadows and plow-
ed ground as it is made, both at this
time and during the winter, without fear
of loss from evaporation. 1t has been
the practice of good farmers for some
years back TO keep the manure on the
surface, or as near to it as possible, and
top-dressing is now substituted success
fully for blowing in many parts of the
country. -AgricultttriSt.
Recipes.
SOFT MoLAssEs GINGERBREAD.-Cup-
full of molasses, spoonful of saleratus,
and one of ginger, tablespoonful of but
ter or lard, using pinch of salt with
lard; stir and add u cup of boiling water
and pintof lour, making q thin batter.
Bake one inch deep in asheet
PoTAToE RosEs.-Pare carefully with
n thin penknife some peeled potatoes
round and round, until all of each potato
is pared to the center. Do not try to cut
the slices too thin or they will break.
Place in wire basket and dip in boiling
lard They are handsome garnish.
GOLDFISH BALLs.-Two pounds bone
less fish. soaked and boiled over night,
and well beaten before breakfast; boil
twelve or fifteen good-sized potatoes :;
mash them very smooth, with milk and
n large tablespoonful of butter; beat in
the Goldfish; add one egg; if not soft
soft enough, add little more milk
make into cake and fry. The secret of
good fish-cakes is to have the potatoes
fresh boiled, and beaten very light.
YEAST BREAD.-Take four potatoes,
peeled, boiled and mashed, and pour on
one quart of boiling milk strain through
n sieve. After it becomes blood-warm,
stir in one cup of yeast, one spoonful of
white sugar and one of salt, seven pints
of flour. Beat with spoon, and set in q
warm place to rise (four hours is suf.
ficient in summer, and an hour longer
in winter). When risen, take pint Of
flour, and put part on the kneadine
board. Turn the dough on the board
and add spoonful OF lard; knead twenty
minutes, using the pint of flour. Put
the dough in the pan, and let it rise one
hour. Then form loaves, not having
more than a pint of dough in each. Lei
them riso forty minutes ana Jnen bake