, 1879-06-28
SPARKS OFSClENCE.
UTILIZING WASTE PRODUCTS

o4iLAN1N0 WASTE FRODUCTSs.
From Lecture by Wtpta.n II. YAH, n. D.
Those Inventions nrc dcscryins Of special
honor, and gcuerally recciyo TIC most substan.
tial recognition, which develop new industries
or utiltza waste products.
Tile Elyccrlne Industry, which has attained
colossal proportions, Ia = notable il1ustra.
hon OF Ereat manufacture based entire
" upoa tie Saving Of what until lntey
was Woato product OF tho soap boiler.
as even more Important, may mention the In
dasssies connected witl, tue manufacture Of
an!line dyes md artificial madder from tho
fctuio coal.tar that was formerly the curso aid
nufaauce Of the gas-works. Old boots and shoes
amt leather waste are turned TO good nccoun.
by tho chemical manufacturer In producing the
eynntdes, fcrro, and ferrid cyanlcs, SO ludIspcu-
sabld III color-prlntlng and photography. OF the
ca'rasses OF slauEhecrca an'Inals, not q acrap or
moTsel Is allowed to 70 10 waste, as you ira well
aware; and even the wss|e blood OF tho abattoir
IS used by tho suEar-rF iQr.% .%aad tic mapu|ac-
tufer Of abumen. uawdnst mixed with
blood, or aomo other egeluttpattye
substance and compressed BIZ powerful pres
sure In heated dies, Is formed Into door
Khobs, hardware md furniture tFlmm!nCs, but
tons, anil Thousand useful and decorative
OF tho tanncrios, it Is utilized for fuel under
stcam'boslers. Oysscr-s4clls, Of which our bnr-
harous progonitors Of agcs aEo male tho she'll
n,onntis AAt delight tho soul Of the anthropoio-
gist OF to-day, are burned to lime; the waste OF
he !nsecd-otl manufacturers is eagerly sought
aftor as food for cattle; the wastc ashes Of wood
iirea arc leachcd for potash; rlver.nad 10 uiu-
glcd With chalk, and burned aud ground to
ruthless hand Of Utiltarjanism has not even re-
spectcd tue brckbat, that had served frun, tjrno
immcinorlal only to crack tho heads OF Oppop.
inE r;, ,taesEon' s5 1ut grina T. up to mako cement
Tho waste of oarctn,cnt sk!ns Tl,o waate @ eusos s
Of The blast.fufnaca aso noH utilized to heat The
blast, to generate tho steam that drives The en-.
glue that makes the blast, to hoist ores, drive
machlherY' e ete: a',d even the alag, That has
served for yeaEa only to decorate the hllttldcs,
u pow cast into paving md building blorks, OF
granulntcl 10 tnukc building sand, or rronnd
1or cctacnt, or mixed with suitable chemicals
anu turned Into tllu cotntnoner grades Of glass,
or blown b. jet OF steam into tile finest Ala
mems 10 form tic curious substance ralIctl
mineral wool, now largely used as a nop-coi.
etc., etc
30, too, the enormous hills of apthrac1tc.coal
asrs, TINT IN the eos regions Of our State have
,o ths cruitty. and wastefulucss Of our tnethods
Of mining coal, now bld fair soon to dlssnnxsr
pencath boilers supplied with ingenious dust
artssi fo e. %,ln 10 ,c form Of umg' of
posita, now 10 enormously valuable, were few
years aEo but SO many tayet1 Of black stou0. u,,.
appreciated and valucless, The waste heat OF
tue limc'klln is made 10 generate steam, and
On tic Continent; aud tho ac1ha,lst" Of the
stenfl''cuGlnc is 1nnto to do service in heating
ul9 water fed into the boiler.
Suppose re tako atoanl tho almost universal
y',go t t psso po"sSf Of io,aay as an e1smple, and
It a''a whne 10 Mo get out ot III Aud, when !
nm through, shlnk That many of my hearers,
who hayo lIcretofore entertained ,e 6clcf tllat
steam. engineering was field that had been 50
thoroughly worked up thRt hut little Remained
to by aceolnulishcd IN lhs direction Of tncreas.
tng tue duty Of our stcasn-tnotors, will be will.
Ing to acknowledge Themselves mistaken.
To got ct tho practical duty uf atean,-
engine, wo must begtn with the source ct the
power, tho stcaM-geucfator--1,opula aud
inost inappropFiatc!y called ti,e steatl:hotlcr;
md, as the source and origin OF the power gen
Grated IN tho boiler and directly traceablo to tho
combustion Of the fuel, i IL evitluut ,hat we
fore. What porer we ought to ect from perfect
stcasn:e.Ietno burning putc coai, and then rom-
pare Il With what We do get In The best steam
e1.Htne practtca Of to-day.
10 understand the deductions ahall shortly
theory at1l practice, prefer 10 !nyito.you to
follow mo through i few theoretical consIlcra-
tions, rather than ask you to accept thc con-
cIusious simply On my bare assertion.
II has lo09 hccn Known that deiluito relation
exists bctweeu the QuantIty of heat developed
In q given operation mud the quantity Of n,e.
ehan!cal foue tmaulfcsted ~ work. that could
be obtained from TINT htat. The absouta na-
turc of this equlyalcnry Ia tacitly recognized,
though pcrhapa ilupcrtoetly conprehcuded, til
the practicu Of ovcrY branch Of Industry employ
Ing beat as source Of power; tor it Is this fact
which establishes tho dimensions Of the stean.
bo!lcs and tho several PROPORTIONS OF the engine
to do the work required Of Il. Tic steani-cn-
gtne. tn stmp!o language, u simply ~ apparatus
for turning heat Into work; md It Is, therefore,
quite possible to express the value OF gtycn
quant!ty of the form Of encrKy we call neut in
tormi oi mechanical energy that w cat,
"work"; and scientific investigation has estab-
llshed an admirable unit for thla comparison in
tho "toot'pouud,' that 10, the force required
sAn address delivered 1t tho opening Of tho
spring course o! lectutcs Of Tho Wagner FEce Inst.
t,,tr Il ErIs khfiAdrinfuk