, 1879-06-21
, THE EVOLUTION OF MAN.

In the course OF long and able reyirw OF
Prof. Haeeklc's Evolution Of Man," recently
translated aud puhliahed In this country by the
kessrs. Appleton, ~ w, Ill., tbn critic Of
the New York !sun, dis.s.: the Evolution argu-
ment In one head, a follows; :. "a,
In every morphologlcal respect man appears
ss member ct the s,o order Of apcs, and cannot
by Cuvicr to distinct grouns called "two-handcd
and four-hArlded annals" can no longer 10
maintained. So long ago 10 1868 uu1leY proved
that apcs are as truly "two-handed nj men,
as apes. he showed that tho ideas previously
held OF tic hand hnd foot Hcra incorrectly
founded on Physiological instead OF ,morpho-
logical distinctions. A. false Inference has been
the thumh may be opposed to the other four
fingers. thus permitting the act Of Efakpng,
while 10 tho case Of civilized man the corrc-
spondtng great toe cannot be titus used, d,-thts
Of upoa to grasp with tho hind foot a. well ii
With the fore foot. 1t turns out, however, that
lnanv tribes Among the lover races of inen, cs-
peefally many ncKro tribes, usca the fuot Ia tho
same Way as the hand. In consequence Of carly
hatit and continued practices they arc able to
eraAp as well with QUO member ps with the 9th
er,--fur e1amplc, !u climbing trecs. Even new
lotn children Of our awu racc hare strong
prehensile power In tic great toe. with which
they eau hold spoon a. inst ~ With the hand.
We may add thut nr1llless men hare bseu known
to develop the aame latent faculty in high de-
gree, not only holding pair ot scissors between
the great toe and The second digit. but actually
cutting silhouettes with thru.. In word, tile
prohe1silo distinction between band and foot is
purely physiological, and cannot, therefore,
be employed 70 diltcrcntEato Species. There is,
however, sh1rp morphoioGical divergence
founded on anatomical structure tetwcoN tho
essential difference in the arrangement aud
number OF the wrist boucs and Of tho a4kls
bones. Thta scientific discrepancy, however,
happeua TO be produced With absolute corre-
6ponlouce ii, man aud In the npe.
As wo hayo said, tho order Of true apes
(slmiB) Is divided into two sub-groups, nun be-
longing to tic eaatern variety found In Asia,
Africa. aud formerly 10 Europe. Among tls
world ia comnaou with u,au, Prot. Haackea u
slgns special prominence to the dental struCt.
ute. ue points out that the number. form,
aud deposition OF the tceth arc transmitted
orders Of the maMtns's than arc n,oat otheF
geological characteristtcs. Tho number, shape,
situation, t'mo of appearance, md distribution
into molars, bicusPtds, aud inci.ors,-o'l these
cIsely Identical in man, on the ono hand, and,
gu tie other, In Ill epeA which have a. get been
found, either living or In fossils, In Asia. Eu.
rope. or Africa. All American apes, on tho
sides Of each Jaw making tliFty-atx teeth in ali.
This eog,esponaenec In tie structure OK the
nose betWeen tho su4 man ard the cokpate au.
thr0poid varieties y no loss striking ind sug-
gestive. IN Ill Old Void apes tha nasal ssruct-
tire Ia tho saRle 10 Ia man. namely, q compare
lively narrow partition Of the two halyeR 10
that The noatyi!a ats directed downward. In
soma Eastern apes, fndeed tho noA0 projects
quito ~ prominently, and Prof. l1aeckel gtYes
cut of the nuse apo Of boFpco, which ha4 long,
wcllcusvcd orgau OF tEuo Caucasian typs. On
tl1a other hand, American &pes present In this
respect very different formation. 1n them the
partition Y peculiarly oroadened mud thickened
oped, the noatriis, Aecon1lnglY,, belng turned
outward. This cbaracterlstc differences IL trans
fn!ttcd With singular tenactty, accoEu panied bY
general interioritE In organization on tho part
oi the aat-nosed group.
It was long beloved TINT man had At least
aon,e entirely peculiar organs Mtthtn the cranial
cavity which nre wanting IN all other animals.
Close Investigation and comparison have shown
that tnts "a not the case, but that ratAer the dis
tibosiTn qualities Of tho human br&tu exist In q
FuulUeptAry btate aven In the lower apes, md
arc developed to greater or lesa degree In the
anthropolds. Our suthoF conaiders TINT Huxley
has conclustvely Demonstrated that Within tho
the brain arc 9seatsr than between tho higher
and lower apes and tuan. This Abatement 10, we
are assured, equally true Of all the other pAste
aud functions Of tha body, but certainly tho fact
that 1t Is affirmed Of thecentral mnryow u spe-
cialtT important. Among minor marks Of tden-
tity We may remind the reader that the sntbro-
potds, hko nSn, aye tatlless, but also, like man,
organ 1t the foot u tho vertebrsl colutnp, thus
aGosdhg striking eysdsnce OF their common de-
tcant from long tailed apos. Here NO may like
Wtse polht out tlAt luany OF The higher apes
resemble man tu tho thin coat OF hair which
clothes certain parts Of thelr body, or even auto