The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-02-21

food that had been bringing high half
million inhabitants in a single year. The regularity
of progress from 1890 1860 is remarkable
The percentage Of increase in each decade is here
shown
Decade. Per Cent. Decade. Per Cent
1890 to 1900. ... $500 1880 to 1910. ...... 32.67
1900 to lslO........ 3645 1910 to 1850. S5s1
$50 to 1920 3Sl3 1850 to is6o. no. 90
1920 to 1880. 3349 1850 to 1870. 2222
So for the seventy years up to 1860 grew an
average rate of three and half per cent per annum.
dividing the whole period into periods Of ten years
each. Without the our population in 1870 would
have been ~ 100000; in 1880, by the same ratio it
would have been upward of 57.OO0.0O0. As it is we
shall come considerably short of 60,000.00O
CENSUS TAKING ABROAD.
The numbering of the people. though on one occa-
sion forbidden by the Highest Power is an ancient
custom Moses numbered the Israelites in the will
derness. and. in later times. Joshua and David fol-
lowed his example. The Chinese tell of census Of
their people taken 2.O42 years before the birth OF
Christ. In Japan enumeration made about
1900 years ago. Scion ordered the Of Athens
to be taken, especially with reference to classes Of
the people and taxable property. Servius Tullius.
sixth King of Rome. ordered o census, when every
citizen had to appear the Field Of Mars and de-
clare oath his name and residence. the number
and of his children and the value Of his
property. Failing to do this his property might
for a slave. Augustus enlarged the scope and
improved the manner Of taking the census. In the
sixteenth century the Church began to record births,
marriages and deaths. and from this practice gradu
ally grew up the modern census though there does
not appear to have been any exact popular census
made until after the beginning of the eighteenth
century.
Russia, then almost barbarous country. appears
to have led other nations in census taking Partial
enumerations made in 100. 1704-5 and 1910. In
1719 Peter the Great sent commission into all the
provinces to make general census. This commits
sion took account of the number of peasants.
cfanics domestcs and men unemployed. Women
not taken into account at all at the commence
ment. but they recognized before the work
CLOSED. and in some districts partially enumer-
ated. In 1922 the census distinguished the insane
and infrm without means of subsistence. and the
Czar ordered that o census should be taken every
twentieth year. In 1902 q Central Bureau OF statis-
tics organized. reorganzed in 1852 and again in
1885, This bureau is charged with the taking of the
census which now includes much the same informs-
ton as that obtained in the United States.
Prussian enumorations begun under Fred
erick william l.. and improved by his successor.
from HAS to 1900 the taken annually.
cept when prevented by In 1906 the Central
Bureau of Statistics estabshed. In 1884 trien-
NAL census ordered The schedules for ques-
tioning were very full and the enumeration was to
be made one day in December. The first GEN.
sus of the German Empire taken the 1st Of
December, 1871.
Austria first took o in 1854. and kept 1t up
trennially until 1857. when it enacted that the
enumeration should be made every sixth year.
In Sweden early as 1886 there q law promul-
gated requiring the clergy TO record marriages egit
mate and illegitmate births deaths persons removed
from settled in parishes. and all the population,
arranged by place of habitation and households Such
Information was first published in 1746 statistical
bureau established in 1857 to colate and publish
and other statistical Information.
Norway has kept up decennial census since 1915.
and the work is usually thoroughly DONE
In Spain enumerations made in 1887 17os
1857 and 1862 and by calculation in 1867. The work
81 done by government officials in one night.
Denmark had a census once in five years, from 1910
to 1906 now it is decennial. the Last enumeration
being on the LIST of February. 1870.
The first and only census of Portugal made
January l. 1884 and extended only to the number Of
switzerland began enumcrations about 1850. Her
census il now decennal.
Belgium doubtless leads all nations in the fulness
and accuracy of her statistics. although her
is taken but once in ten years The last 1876.
The Netherlands census In decenuial. The last was
taken December 1. 1870.
Italy has an enumeration once in ten years. the
last December 81. 1871.
Greece counts up irreqularly. from 1886 TO 1si5 q
census was made every year, then ia 1sAs 1853. 1885,
1861, 1865 and 1870.
Turkey has never taken census, except for con-
EcriptiOn or taxation.
The first census record in Franco was taken in
100 and published in l72o. There was general
census taken in $500, and decree OF the National
Convention ordered that should be continued every
NTH year. Since about 1920 the census has been
taken very regularly.
irazil began in Is72 the Argentine Republic in
loGv. Colombia in 1870 and Egypt In 1862.
CENSUS
The first real effort to record the population OF
Great Britain was made in lSU1 and then IL did not
extend to Ireland. which had just become a part of
the Empire by the celebrated union. This census
was crude aud unsatisfactory and the returns were
Impossible Of classification. The chief value of the
census OF 1901 was in calling attention to the por
lance OF such statistics and cyoking better methods
tor getting aud classifying them Much better work
was done in ls4l and 1851 when advantage WAS taken
OF ,he elsooraie records OF births. marriages and
deaths which were begun the LIST of July. 1887. The
first attempt at general in Ireland made
In 1911, but 1t was failure. Some improvements
were made Ia 1921 aud 1881, since which satisfactory
cnumerations have been made by the constabulary.
GREAT DAYS Work.
We lack space 70 go the enutncrations in Great
Britain and ireland in 1Sl. 1851 aud 1851 and must
directly to the first imperial consus-ls71. This
first attempted complete enumeration OF the popula-
ton OF the Empire was, lar Great Britain aud Ire
land part, made in day, April ., 1871 The
for the whole Empire showed a DO pulation Of
"a Ds3 living upon I,0 iiy square miles Of terri
tory, viz. Englaud and Wales, ~, o5e, 16i popula-
ton; Scotland 33g2 259; Ireland 54i9 1856; Islands
Ia British seas, 14I.i7O colonies and possessions,
22yl3.a1i The annual rate of increase from 1861
w.s-ln England and Wales, .23 per cent; Scotland
Uy2; ireland (dccrease), OIL. The work of this
aus was charge OF the Registrar General. assisted
was done by 32,5iJ onumcrators, employed
under 2,l95 registrars and O26 superintendent
registrars. All the enumerators were re-
uuired 10 be intelligent, Trustworthy AID active;
write well and to have some knowledge of arith.
Inttic They To dc not under eighteen nor over
sixty nve and to be IN good health aud of unexcep
tonablo character. Tho whole country was divided
-.'n minute distriets. and so great Was tho care