davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
, 1879-02-09
THE DIARY OF SENSATIONAL PREA ACHER-sTEP5
TO DENoMlEAT1ONAL INDEPENDENCE.

THE DIARY OF 4 SENSATIONAL LpKEAcHER-sTEP
TO DENoMlEAT1ONAI INDEPENDENCE.
lst'n I"rs Graphic.
Jan. l, 1SG5.-My congregation is steadily in
! crcasing. 1t is made up largely OF youns
people and many who never went to church pc
fore. There is novelty In my style which at
tracts them. / preach ofEhald, and say in thu
sermon whatever comes uppermost. People
don't like to hear the old things said over an6
over again In the old style.
Jan l, 1S67.-The little church is getting very
small. Hundred are turned away every Sun.
day. We must have new and larger church.
jar !, 1S6S.-Wc are going to have it. The
members are enthusiastic aud bound to see il
built. They are thoroughly enlisted in tile en-
tcrprise. Each one feels as ii it was personal
aFair. We're going to have a church as large
as the plymouth Bethel shall iHtaoduce scy-
eral novelties in this church. I shall not do 50
all at once. I sl1a'rdo this from time to time,
SO that, when the interest in. one is about to
flag, another shall be on hand to take It's place.
Many youns, and rising ministers have failed for
this very reason, They would strike sometimes
by accident L novelty, and it would work. But,
instead OF studying ol1t another to succeed it,
they studied their sermons. Now, novelties
won't last forever. When novelty is no longer
new, it ceases to be novelty. I take my cue
from the theatres. True, these are the DEVILS
own churches. But why should the devil have
monopoly Of all the novelties? 1 borrow an
idea from the devil. Thus, out Of evil cometh
good
Jan. l, 1670,-The new church is built. My
dedicatory sermon was reported in eighteen pa
pers. I preached one Of my comic sermons.
Tile choir also sung the first of their new collcc
ton OF Sacred Comic Songs. We had good
time and everybody was kept on the broad grin
during the entire service. Several OF nv min
isterial brethren assisted. I know they don't
approve OF my new system. could see that
cropping out in Brother Oldsty1e's prayer. He
requested Deity to put down self pride and
scfism wherever it might be found. He tinteei
at the insidious wiles and devices used by tile
Adversary, and more than once alluded to my
comparative youth and inexperience in very
pointed manner. OF course Brother Oldstyle
doesn't like my system. One-third OF his young
people and two of his wealthiest parishioners
are now steady attendants at nv church. /
can't help that. I suppose they will go where
they eau receive the most cdGcation and amuse-
ment combined on Sunday. I don't see that the
road to Heaven need necessarily bc Travelled
with peas III oue's shoes. At least with hard
focL- However, I had the closing prayer amt
prayed back; ut Brother Oldstyle. PRAYED that
We might all be delivered from envy and jeal-
onsy aud be strengthened to accept with rcsg
nation whatever crosses might be in store for
us. think settled him for that day. The re-
porters winkcd and pokcd each other. saw
tnriu. However, bear Oldsty ylc-BFothcr Old
, 1879-02-09

Tho Rev. R. ". Patterson will rreach In tho
| Fullerton Avenue Church in the mcrnii,1. mha
Rev. Charles Elliott will preach in the eTen;n:.
| The Rev W. r. Meloy wilt preach In Ina
| United Church, corner OF Monroe and Paa;,na
streets, morning AMI evening.
The Rev. A:thuz Swazc5 will preach it, tho
church. Of .Forty. first stsest and Fgasia
! syenue. at io:45 a. n. Subject: .'Tne Vzrions
Theories OF the Atonemeut. ~
The Rev. Arthur Mitchell will pseach at 1890
4. at the First Church. OF Ina:aua ave-
,tue and Twenty-hrst street, and at 7:+5 p. H. At
the Kailroad FL Tl Chapel No; r. ~ state street.
morning and evening i; the Second Ch.rch, corncr
Of Michigan avenue and Twentieth s.zeet-
Prof. Francis l., Patton pastor. will preach at
1890 IT, H. and $50 D. NJ, at the Jefferson parx
Church. corner Of West Adams und Th.oon streets.
Evening subject: ''The Subjective S:da o. saliva
tion-''
The Rev. ]. u. Wo1rall, pastor. vii: preach 1t
10:3n a. NJ and !:ao p m at the Eighth Church.
corner o! West Wasbingtor aud Rohey streets.
The Rev E. y. Barrett. pastor. wit preach
at 10::,0 L. III. at the Westminster Church, corner
OF jackson and peur:a streets.
The Rcy. James NacEsuea'an, pastor will
p1cach morning and evening ut the Scotch Church.
corner o! Sanganon and Adams etrects.
The Kcv. George L. KaymcHd will preach in
Thirtteth street, at 1880 a.. II. anG $50 D. ~:
Evening subject: ''rhe soc!s.y and Religion Vt
The Rev. John Abbott French, pastor. will
Of Kush anu Superior streets. Tbs Rev. Ar.
untchingson will preach at 7:45 p. IN.
EPISCOPAL
Cathedral Free Church IS. Peter and Paul ccr-
per Of West Washington and Peoria streets. TITO
It. Rev. y. F. MctaFen; b. :: y: D.: bislo': TEe
msrnins prayer and celebration OF the Holy COM
munion at 10:3o H. NJ CHORAL evening prayer 1t
Tie Rev samuel S. Harris, Rector. vii! Of
dctatc st :45 I. N. aud 730 D. St James
Church. corner Of Huron and Cass streets. Holy
Communion at . a. n
Tile Rev E. Sullivan, Rector, will oHlciate at
1U:i, a. m. antt 7:i5 D. N. at Trinity Church.
corner OF Twenty sixth street aRd Michigan
avenue.
The Rev. ". H. Know1ton viii: of3ciate at
10 80 u. and 1880 y. at st. Andrews
Church, corner Of Vest Washington and Robey
streets.
The Rev. J. Dredberg, Rector, will ofnc,s,e
at 1o:3o a. m. and 7::0 p. m. at ST. An.ysrius'
Church, Sed.wscE street. near Clcsgo Ayetlur
The Rev. Clinton Locke, Rector, vii. uttc,ate
at 10::30 a.. and 80 q. m. at Gruc.: Cnusrh,
Wabash nvunue. near Sixteenth street. KuiY
Communion at3a H. AoEnin. subjects .Grum-
bling"
The Rev. Arthur Ritchie- Rector. will on.ciata
at II 4. IN. nnd 7;j0 D. m. At the Church Of tie
Ascension. North LaSa!lc near Elm streets. Holy
Communion ut a. III.
The Rev. Charles Stanley Lester, Rector. will
Church. Hyde Park avenue, between FustY -s.;ntn
and Flfticth streets.
The RcT. Il. +. Fleetwood. Rector will oe.c,zt.
at 1o:30 A. IN. and 1850 p m. at ST. Ma.k.t
Church. Cottage Grove avenue. corner Vi Tkar:r-
sixth street.
THE Rev. G. F. Cushman, Rector. will e,11s.,s
at 10:O 4. III. and 80 p At ST. john t.hqf:s
johnson street, between TAYLOR s:v. 1~<::,,
Streets
The Rev. Luther P.rdse, 'Res:s.. nil u.:.e:et.
, 1879-02-09
SUNDAY SMILES.

! 4 llog is the Adam OF brute creation, he has
| a'spare rib, you know.-ist,o Nupe'4 Ety;steT-
s'Can man belong tt, brass band and be a
! Chris:ian?" asks an exchange We see no ;tn-
pcdiuent in the way. But ii he is x;vca 10
practicing at hone, it is IN utter impossitili:y
| for tile lnan 1iyin. next door to be C..lstian
| It is related Of 4 colored clergyman in New
| Haven that. in calling upon dealer for so1ne
| wished, and replied: f'Some OF dc laIics .: lr
congreeashun harc expressed Il preferences for
gin."
My son." said mother to a little boy I
years CID. '*whom above others will 5ou wis,
To see when YOU pass into the spirit Worlti:"
"Goliah!" shouted the child, with loTous au-
ticpation 'unlcss,' he quickly alded, ..there's
bigger fellow 1herc-''
Says an old religious darker to another in
private conversation on Second street yesterday
aftcrDoon- p" We'se a'.swyue to organize I sietf
IN Our church, to be free from de wimeu, to li1b
no Tinen connected wid it; dey always cause
trouble, YOU know'' the other religions brutier
shook his head approvingly and answered:
Yes, yes; dem is my sentiments; de Timeo
do cause trouble in dc sicties.''
':Whcn travel by rail-" said an cmincn.
divine, the ether day, ~ select q first. clasa
car.iage in the middle Of the train. I enter tl,.
!, middle COMPARTMENT OF That carriage, and I
!
nsdio tattssinus ibis,-and leave the rest to
Providence" TIT strikes me he leaves precious
little to Providence" said descendant Of Mr.
Ioodlcs, soto eoee, who was standing By
and still the missionary cause WAKES stronger
New Bedford has clever youcg lady worth Il
million dollars, aud ''of a rather pious turn OF
mint," who made up that mind chat she would
be missionary. Could any ything he more beau-
tifu1s Til" churc!, arcepted he- Services, tn,},
when asked wbat field OF labor silc had Ii: vicw,
she peusirely looked down at her lavender
gloves, aud replied: II think will 60 to Paris'
Courier. -.I1x:7tGi-
There is local Talmage in Brighton who
amazes the British mind By cucii lively bits ns
tue following comment On the text. s'Hc that is
washed ueedcth not save to wash his feet. buI is
clean every whit" In @ther words, lie sail, "a
ulau needs no more washing who c1eau in tt,s,
{toe-toe)." The same preacher ma:ie the trials
of job the subject of bis discourse, hen, after
cnumerating the repeated messages uf mis!oE-
tune Which came last one after another, ho
grare!y remarked: 'It is characteristic cf Jn5:s
simplicity Of character that he did not suspect
this extraordinary accumulation Of trouble o.
being hoax"
TIE POPULAR PEEAcn1n-
Brooklyn fa13,<.
1t WIS worthy pastor,
VINO ea.v with ,::ei und
His CONGREGATION. &c to s!ce1.
GE--.rhch vas Wosso-e:=ewhe-e.
He pocde-cd long and deeply,
This wise .sd ptous luap,
Aid at last E,t on 4 aIs.I;e
And most t::e1tnai piau.
Net Sunuay. Of his s~cnon
The trtt when he aaj ...id
He slipped adawn The t,:luit sf1isx
knd stood npon E;s head
BY thousands 1ioc.ed the .eoplo
That preacher great to hear,
And the Trustees r:sisci: his sasar3
To dfsy thousand Sea:-
, 1879-02-09

| comnuation liked the period at thirty hours. 1t
,v.s mt imnosslhlc TO believe that Jonah could
hare lived tiuru. this brief imprisonment It had
been asserted that the gastric juices would have
r,strc i,,ices did moi operate upon living Objects
innah might have had u kind OF suspended AMI
nntun. In au,ph,bious animals the respiration Of
cindinr nun himself, exhibited tendency to
hreothe In The manner OF fish, A scientific gentle
man, IN talkinr 10 the sneaker on this subject
nnce .,;d that if ionah had simpy tched with
h;s fnorr-na; The in no U{ the whale he would have
had al The respiratlon that he wanted durin, his
condue,ucnt. This opinion had also been cor
, 1879-02-09

Wales il little over 1000 ard That ii Churches
a1ta clsape!s little over 1:2D0. Thc.s 2.e -
nrasts IN Scotland.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

EDITORS CHRONICLE: "FOr the
better protection of game" l write ;
in fact for the very salvation of it.
I've seen to-day one of the high
officers of the association for the
better protection of game" shooting
birds (partridges), poor as they are
and scarce as they are after the
severe weather we have had, and |
was astOnished. After seeing cOveys
frozen in covey and hearing of great
numbers being lost in the same way,
besides vast numbers WantOnly de-
stroyed in cOvey by reckless hunters,
and the depredation5 of wild ami
mails, hawks, etc, l was surprised
that any true huntsman would
further decimate the thinned ranks
of the few birds that were left for
the seed" as it were, of the next
crop. Therefore appeal to all low
ers of sport to spare the birds for
this seasOn-leave seed, at least
and, as one of the association above
named, appeal to its members, for
the sake of good hunting another
season, to desist now from killing
the few half-starved birds that are
left, and l appeal to Judge Legare
to call in his officers and committee
aud lecture them as they deserve.
DISTRICT No. 8.
p. S.-Said officer killed the birds
for sick folks.
RinggOld, Tenn, Jan. y, 1878.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

DR.. r. l.. C. WHITE, Grand Chan
cellor of the knights Of Pythias of
the State Of Tennessee, paid Cum
berland Lodge, No. II, of this city,
an official visit on Friday night of
last week. His lecture to the order
was able and instructive, and was
well received by the members. He
is thoroughly posted in the workings
of the order, and we were glad to
learn that the order throughout the
State is in a flourishing condition.
After the lecture he was invited to
attend a sumptuOus banquet which
had been prepared for hin and the
members present. All enjoyed it,
and acknowledged that our friend
West Perkins and his assistants can
not be beat in getting up banquet
on short notice.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08


that the whole community around
Poplar Springs Furnace united in
giving DR.. Bellamy an excellent
character and Mr.. Keats a terribly
dark one. Everybody was prepared
for the verdict of the jury which
they gave unanimously. almost
without consultation and without
leaving the room, as
NOT GUILTY.
So at present it is not determined
who killed James Brown, but a
dark cloud of suspicio broods over
the person Of Thomas Keats and his
colored eonfidants, Harrison Og-
burn, John Keats, Sam Chiffon and
Oliver Ogburn, who, if they did not
among them cause the death of
Brown, at least conspired to COM
pass that OF DIR. Bellamy, first by
powder and ball and afterwards by
false information intended to con-
sign him to the galIows.
We said nothing of the argument
of counsel. We have only time and
space to mention Messrs. Quarles
and Daniel for the prosecution, aid
ed by Attorney General Burney
and Messrs. Goo 1pasture and
Rudolph and for the defense
Messrs. Lurton and Smith, aided
by Major Henry, Judge Scales and
Messrs. Rhodes and Martin. Suffice
it that every one did his duty, that
the arguments of VIM. Daniel and
Judge Lurton were masterpieces of
analysis, and the orations of Major
Henry and Gen. Quarles were eX-
cellent specimens of eloquence. We
heard also high encomiums of the
efforts of Messrs. Burney and
Rhodes, which we were unable to
attend; we know, however, some
| thing of Mr.. Rhodes conscientious
and able efforts in taking down and
arranging testimony.
Let us sum up by saying that the
splendid vindication of DR.. Bellamy
by his counsel would have been in
complete but for the minute ac-
curacy with which the case against
him was made out by the prosecu-
ton.
James Browns death will yet
come up again in the Court House
of Montgomery.
In the above abstract we have
omitted everything tending to the
inculpation OfThOs. Keats, combining
ourselves to the eXculpation of DIR
B. llamy.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

Cabinet councils and without re-
sponsihility to Parliament. 1t was
evident that the Cabiuet could not
so far recede from their position as
this without conceding everything
that they had been eontending for,
and another insoluble difficulty |
seemed certain between the Mar |
shall President and the civil govern
ment. It was again solved by the
partial submission of the President,
who yielded so far as to remove
Gen. Borel, but did not appoint
Gen. Fare, the nominee of Cabinet.
He appointed Gen. GIesley, who is
considered a very moderate Repub-
lican and lis known to be personal
friend, not only of the President
but of the Due d'AGmale, a prince
ON whom Republicans look with
suspicion as a possible candidate for
the throne in case monarchy should
again become the form of govern
ment.
So far we heartily concur in the
wisdom of M. Gambetta and his
friends, and are disposed to give
much credit to Marshal MacMahon
for postponing nis inclinations to
his duty as prescribed by the Con-
stitution. In what followed we
fear that both parties were carried
by party feeling beyond the counsels
of wisdom. The Chamber of Depu-
ties expressed great irritation with
the Cabinet for accepting the nomi-
nation of Gen. Gresley, and their
| action seemed likely to overthrow
M. Dufaure and the administration
when the embroglio was terminated
by the unexpec. ed resignation of
! MacMahOn as President of the re-
public.
These latter transactions we regret
as ill judged both on the part of
Gambetta and MacMahon. 1t is
desirable that Parliament should
exercise judgment and criticism on
the appointments of the President,
but not that they should themselves
appoint. We object to the latter
mode on the same grounds as those
on which we objected to the tenure
of Office bill in this country; on the
score namely that it throws appoint
ments into a vehemently partisan
body, in which the tendency is to
disregard all qualifications for office
except those of party utilization.
Nor do we consider the resignation
of President MacMahOn fortunate
event. We consider his position as
that of the sovereign in England,
and what the Presidents Office
should be and would be in this
country if party had not usurped an
undue infiuence-as an immoVable
point round which conflicting influ-
ences revolve, but which is not it's
elf moved, acting in this way as the
fulcrum of a lever. MacMahOn's
resignation has destroyed this ele-
ment of stability, and, though il
removes a difficulty which was
pressing for the moment, will, We
fear, diminish the strength of the
republics foundations. However
NJ. Grevy, Speaker of the Chamber
of Deputies, is now President ant
Gambetta succeeds him as Speaker
Dufaure has resigned the Premier
; ship and is now President of the
Senate. Moreover, in the army the
Due d'Aumale has been relieved o
. the command of a division Of thu
army, while Gen. Gresley take
} command of his division and Gen
Fare, as originally recommended
by the Chamber, becomes Ministe
: of War.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

WE are reliably informed that on
Tuesday last case of small poX
broke out in Erin. Our informant
says the man who has it come to
that place about month ago. We
fear that unless great caution is used
it will spread all over that town.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

Want of space limits us to Il short
paragraph in noticing this entertain
ment. In addition to the pieces
we noticed at the first performance,
we were delighted with a perform
ance on the piano of Ascher's re-
markable initiative fantasia entitled
1.-THE Banjo" This a piece which
requires much of both executive
skill and artistic judgment, and
Mrs. Meininger showed herself a
mistress of both. The pupils,
especially our favorite, Miss Pos
ton, showed increased proficiency
and the Philharmonic Society was
beyond all praise. We could write
a column, but have not room for d
line.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

WE had a pleasant call from Mr..
+. NJ. Randall, of Madison, Indi-
ana, on yesterday, who was former
~ connected with the Madison Her.
aid. We always welcome all who
are connected with the press to our
sanctum.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

Mr.. q. c. ATKINSON has moved
his furniture store to the house for
merly occupied by Mr.. Geo. Alwell
on the corner of franklin and Third
Streets.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

JOHN ROBERT WALL, a hard
working and deserving young man,
who lives on the South Side, met
with serious loss last Saturday.
He was going home and in crossing
the river at the town ferry, his team
1.-TWO young mules) became FESTIVE
and plunged off the end of the boat
and were drowned. The harness
and part of the wagon have since
been recovered.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08
Administrators Notice.

Having qualified as Administrator of w.
f. Seay, decd, notice is hereby given for
all parties having claims against his estate
to present them, duly authenticated, within
the time prescribed by law, or the same Will
be forever barred. Persons indebted to the
estate will make payment at once, or suit
will be instituted against them. -
Az q. GOODLETT,
Feb s, IS7q-t Administrator.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

WE are glad to STE our friend r.
Fl. Pickering, w has been tie gu
i'll, again behind the counter at
Rice, Broaddus & Co.'S, ready to
wait on friends and customer.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

Mr.. J. A. GRANT is having a
very neat cottage house built on a
portion of his lot on Greenwood
avenue. The house will be for rent
when completed.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08
Administrators Notice.

Having qualified as Administrator of the
estate Of ]. c. Allensworth, deceased, all
persons having claims against said estate are
hereby notified to present them, duly au-
thenticated, within the time prescribed by
law, or they viii be forever barred. All per
sons owing said estate are requested to set
tie at once. !. +. ALLENSWORTH,
Feb. 8, IS79-4t." Administrator.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08
LAND Sale.
On Friday, February 2sth, 1879,

1II 4 IIN'ttY 4 N-N11 t't1I > -"0''i -
on the Public Square in the city OF Clarl1s-
vile, Tennessee. will sell at public sale by
auction, for cash, without the right OF re-
demption, a certain tract of land lying anu
being situated in District No. OF Mont
gomery county, Tennessee, and bounced as
follows: On the east by the lands OF ". H.
Mason, south by the lands of IL. 4; mason,
west by the lands of Susan and b. A.
Rodgers, and on the north by the lands OF
Thomas Simpson, containing 50 acres more
or less. Said sale will be made under
18th of October, 1876, by Thomas and Mary
Ann Rodgers, which is registered IN the
Registers Office of Montgomery county,
a. q. GOODDETT,
Attorney and Agent OF l.. I. Gold, Assignee
of the mortgage note.
Feb. 3, 1s79-3t
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

Our esteemed friend DIR. w. NJ.
Finley, of Lebanon, Tenn, called
to see us this week, and paid his
respects to the Chronicle in a mCst
substantial manner.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

WE regret to learn that Mr..
Ingram, of the Tobacco Leaf, is con-
fined to his bed from a severe attack
of rheumatism. We hope soon to
hear of his recovery.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

Mr.. Allie Cornella, of Lebanon,
KY, is stopping in our city few
days, with the family Of his relative
Mrs. NJ. F. Rhodes.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

WE are sorry to learn that the
residence of DR.. Sypert, on the Rus
seville pike, near St. Bethlehem,
was burned to the ground last We'd
nesday. A portion of the furniture
was saved but the house is a total
loss. No insurance. The fire orig
mated from defective fiue.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

THE railroad company are having
new ties put on the road in this
section. The Workmen are now at
work near Bradley's brick yard.
PROF. MEININGER desires all the
children in city from six to twelve
years of age, to meet him at the
Academy every Saturday morning
at 10 O'Clock to take vocal lessons,
free of charge. This is a privilege
which ought to be seized on with
avidity. Prof. Meininger is a pub
lie benefactor.
Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-02-08

lie prelates.
The measures necessary for max
ing the army subordinate to the
civil power formed part of a system
of acts for bringing the executive
and administrative departments of
government in harmony with the
legislative. During the early days
of the French republic, when Mac
MahOn was sustained in his Imperi-
alistic purposes by large majority
in the Senate held in check by
very precariouS one against them
in the Deputies, all departments of
administration, civil as we'll as mill
itary, were placed in the hands of
men devoted either to the empire or
the restoration of the BOurbOns. The
prafects especially were known to
be hostile to the republic to man,
and they exercised a very powerful
influence in the elections. Here
aoain Gambetta moved and Dufaure
essented. The issue was made on
the appointment of Minister of War.
Gen. Borel, the incumbent, was a
decided Bonapartist. The Cabinet
demanded his removal and the
known Republican General Fare
was recommended as his successor.
Now before this the Marshal Presi-
dent had commended that the Bureau
of War was outside of that principle
ofministerial responsibility which
attaches 10 the rest of the admins
tration, and that its chief was 10
receive orders directly from him
self without the Intervention Of