davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-30
Pulmor ary Consumption.

Secretary Y.

The great prevalence OF the
disease known as consumption.
and the vast number of human
victims that it claims annually,
make it q matter of the utmost
importance that the mass OF our
people should understand the
facts in regard to It's nature and
its possible-I came near saying
probable-origin. It is hoped
that this incomplete outline of
the matter will be sufficient to
convince the reader that, though
medical treatment may be Of
little avail, there are preventive
measures which may be under
taken with promise Ct a consid-
cradle reduction in the frequency
Of this fatal disease.
tuberculosis, or consumption,
is one of the most common dis
eases Of COWS and working oxen,
as well as Of people. NJ. Cruel,
an excellent French authority,
says: "It exists with, at least,
half of the oxen which have been
worked to an advanced age; it
IS still more common with cows
employed at field work; and it
is not less frequent with mich
COWS" NJ. Adam, of Augsburg,
states that In every one thous-
and animals, over one year ole,
brought to the slaughter houses
of hat city, there are, on an
average, fifty-two affected with
tuberculosis. In our own coun-
try, having no competent inspec-
tors Of slaughter houses, we can
not speak with certainty, but the
frequency with which such cases
are met in cattle practice makes
it evident that a large number
of such animals must be butch
cred and consumed as beef each
year.
In regard to its frequency with
people, DR.. Flint says: "Statis-
tics show that of the population
Of England, France, Germany,
and Russia, amounting to two
hundred and thirty millions, the
annual deaths from this disease
are eight hundred and sixty
nine thousand !; and that of the
people inhabiting the globe,
amounting to nine hundred and
sixty-eight millions, three mil-
lions die each year of this dis
ease" Leaving out the latter
calculation as being based partly
on conf ecture, we may consider
the former as being substantially
correct. The annual deaths from
consumption in these countries,
then, are equal to 3.77 for every
one thousand Of the population
but, since the average life of a
generation is not far from thirty
three Years, this would show
that Of every one thousand per-
about one hundred and
twenty-four die from this dis
ease; In other words, one in every
Large as this proportion
may seem, II appears that in the
United States it i, still greater.
The vital statistics, taken in
show that III four hundred
and n~lnety-two thousand SIX
hundred and twenty-three deaG rs
the year, sixtv-eieht
thousand eight hundred and
nlnety-slx We're from consump-
ton. This is equal to fourteen
per cent, or one IN seven. If we
add to this that the Mutual Life
Company of New
York has found that 1917 per
cent OF It's total losses, or one in
every o.21, IS caused by this dis
ease, we shall have no hesitation
n concluding that a disease Of
frequency-a disease that
sweeps away seventy thousand Of
people each year-deservesl
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-30

possible connection between this
alarming frequency OF tuber-
culosis among cattle and people.
1t is scarcely necessary TO remind
the reader that the mix OF COWS
is used rs food.oiten without
being subjected 10 any consider
able degree of heat, and that the
flesh of COWS. as well as oxen,
goes to supply u roats and
steaks, which, in many cases,
plainly Indicate that they have
not been subjected to sufficient
heat to destroy any germs that
thew NAV contain. It, therefore,
becomes a matter of interest 10
know if this disease can, by any
possibility, be transmitted from
one individual to another, or
from animals to man, and es-
pecially if such trans mission may
result from taking the tuhercul
Gus germs with the food.
Experiments made by Vile
min and others, some years ago,
we're sufficient to show that
under some circumstances the
disease was communicable. This
was the first step in a long series
of researches, by different pa
biologists, which demonstrate
conclusively that the disease
arises from specific germs, and
that the Introduction OF these II
the healthy body is sufficient to
cause the development OF the
malad
Some of the most conclusive
experiments We're made by Chau-
yeuu and to give an idea OF
these | translate as literally as
possible. his account of one Sc
ries: "This is my most impor-
tant series,-that which has the
geeatest weight for the determi-
nation Of the contagiousness OF
tuberculosis. These experiments
We're made on elecen animals OF
the bovine species, perfectly
healthy, and taken besides, at
age when natural tubercu
losio IN full evolution is extreme
" rare. The oldest was four
teen months of age; some ofthem
were sucking calves. All re-
m tined during the continuation
OF the experiments, as regards
the food and lodgings, in ire
proachab!e hygenic conditions.
Some Of them were given tuber-
culous matter taken from con
sumptive COWS others received
the matter furnished by the hu-
man species, andextracted from
affected with granulation,
with or without Gaseous pneu-
monia. Some animals took as
often as four times in fifteen
large quantities of the mat
5er go to 100 grams each timel |
others took only a small
quantity Of it at a single time.
The greatest duration Of the ex-
pertinent was three months and
'ne-half. Some animals were
at the end Of one month.
.ot one s"!ject escaped the infect
n. 1t vas apparent with each
me from LESSONS found at the
autopsy, slight IN some cases..
ND III others truly frightful."
INJECTIONS of tuberculous matter
made in the veins and the
ubcutaneous areolar tissue, in
very case with the same result.
Profes or Law is Of the opini-
N, from some experiments he
made, that the milk of con-
umptlve cattle is not very dan
elous unless there are deposits
the mammary glands but
he difficulty of deciding the lat
er point during the lie of the
nlmal, and the positive expert
lents Of Gelach, are s2fficient to
how that the milk of cattle
ftected with this disease should
OF be used as food,
There can be no doubt, after
1ese experiments, Of the COM
l~unloabIliiy of tuberculosis {
hen tub,rculous matter is 5
tken into the svstam L = 5
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-30
JANUARY 80

Into conSllCra Ion + ham
other conclusion, ta.at -.....
as 1t : GENERALLY Pract.~ -.
ordinary culinary opera
not certain TO cause tn.
ton of all the Tjrule
contained in a pee. of
seems almost impo.s.al. ...
use OF such diseased call.
food without contraction
affection by the consumer,
following words OF NJ. Ba..
lnspector-Genera OF the Y.
nary shoots OF France. r....
The same conclusion "A.
NAL of which the lungs. tua....
nels, the liver, are ins.t..
with tubercuious matter
have flesh exempt from all
ons. Ought one To au.hor...
sale Of this flesh Is bo.....
meat \ slaughter-h.r-.
>P'N'oi' "no = 90 t'e>lI
the researches lately na..
this subject, ough: not t.t...
tate, 1t seems To me, to r...
this question by the u.-.....
foIlo"ing snen conclusions.
inspectors OF France aud
many are very c1re!H' To sN....
al sucn meat ron tie make.
put TINS IS not all OF our dang.
Tor Uerlach mas dcmo1~er...
THAT the milk OF con>uufe.
COWS may also become an yl..
ing cause Of tins dfeadta j..
ease.
When it is shown, tlcat-
that cattle are very subject
consumption, that it mav
transmitted from one ,,.r.
the other by taking tie g...
with the TODD that the u~
ana mlIk OF Affected catt.en".
contain these germs; that oa.
nary cooking may not be ~g.
clent to destroy them, -lo.-
not follow that we should .
longer use the flesh OF su.h ".
mails as food Only a -a-
time ago, one OF our leading
rlcultural Journals published a
answer, from Its veterinary Co.,
respondent, to an inquiry Of.
subscriber, recommending Il.
latter tofatten and Kill for food
cohsumptlVe cow! Such rc...
less adVlce, coming with the a.-
thorlty OF a member Of the IT.
terlnary profession, EMPLOY.
because OF supposed ability =.
give reliable Information ist@.
deplorable.
There is a great responsible.
IN regard to this subject wA
does not rest alone with n
medical and veterinary pry..-
slons, but extends, as well, toll
press and to all who have iu..
ence,-lt IS their plain duty.
awaken the people to a ,a
seriousness of this danpor,to -...
them that the germs Of disco.
and death very commonly ex
IN one of the main articles o.o.
diet, and that the only way
prevent this is to have all a..
malls, killed for food, prone..
by competent ofi-
| have a firm belief that. H..
great mortality from c~oY.u,...
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-30

for it both in Europe and the
United States, as the cheapest
fibre in the world suitable for
manufacture, being less than
half in price of cotton or flax
and from one sixth to one eighth
of hat ofwool.
The following figures show
the consumption IN this country
for the past three years:
Bale. Jute 400 400 900
tales kejectlons.. 2l.g00 l6 no 800
Bales Butts.......l7 900 2.s0s I5to
Total bales......2 Z3 900 276 % Us 600
EquaIin lbs....sS so 90 ITO 4OO,o N 100000
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CULTIVATION
OF JUTE FOR FIBRE.
The land should be a good
medium land, neither very wet
nor very dry, and if possible
mixed with clay, and in all
cases the drainage should be
good.
The land should be very
thoroughly ploughed and pulver-
lied and we'll narrowed Gin India
the natives plough sometimes
six or eight times before sowlng.)
The seed should be sown broad
cast, if possible either just before
or after a shower of rain, at any
time from early in April to late
in June, and should be covered
with a brush or light harrow.
Mr.. Emile LeFranc, in his re
port on Jute culture, recon-
mends the use of a "Calhoun'
sower, with which he states a
man may SOW ten acres per day,
cost OF Calhoun sower eight to
ten dollars.)
The seed should be sown thin
as the plants should stand six to
eight inches apart on the land.
The quantity ofsee1 sown should
not be less than fifteen pounds,
nor over twenty pounds per
acre.
The crop, like wheat or oats,
should low be left alone until
ready to cut, but during the
first month, while the growth is
slow, the land should be weeded,
and if too close the plants should
be thinned. In some cases,
while the plant is young, a light
harrow may be used. After
this time the plant will take
care of itself, and will be ready
to cut in about 100 or 200 days
from the time of sowing; the
proper time for cutting being
when in bloom, the fibre being
then in the strongest and silkiest
condition.
The plant should be cut near
the ground, either by hand or
machine. Mr.. LeFranc states
that the moving machine.
"World No. l." will easily cut
the largest stalks.
1t should be stacked or laid
or laid in piles in the field for
two days to allow the leaves to
drop Oft, then made inio bundles
Of about one hundred stalks
each, by tying one stalk round
each bundle, and placed in wa
ter to steep, either in ponds or
running water and kept comp
covered by the water for a
space of fine, ten or fifteen days,
until the bark or fibre is entirely
separated from the woody stalk.
In running water more time is
required, but the fibre is genera
lly brighter.
1t should be examined from
time to time to see when ready
for removal from the water,
which is done In India by the
following methods: When in
the proper condition the bundle
Of stalks is raised to the surface
Of the water by the operator
standing In the water, the bundle
Of stalks is seized by the tops
and bent double about n foot
the end, this breaks the
woody stalks inside, then allow
.ng the stalks to float on the
water, a sudden jerk is given to
he tops, and the fibre is drawn
rom the woody stalk holding
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-30

has been considerably extended
to meet the increasing demand
for it both in Europe and the
United States, as the cheapest
fibre in the world suitable for
manufacture, being less than
half in price of cotton or flax
and from one sixthto one eighth
of that ofwool.
The following figures show
the consumption IN this country
for the past three wears:
The Newtown bee., 1879-06-17
To Subscribers.

Look for an improved BEE next week and if you want to subscribe for it, or re- new your subscription to do so at once, as we shall discontinue sending to those who neglect to notify us that they wish to continue. The cross mark will be put on all papers on which subscription have expired and are due. A postal card will reach us and will save much trouble. We open an entirely new subscription book with our third volume and shall transfer to it only the names of paid up subscribers and those who authorize us by postal or letter to send the BEE for another year.
 The price will be the same, $150, sent postage free to any part of the United States or Canada.
The Newtown bee., 1879-06-17

to Newtown accompanied by near rela- tives, and the following gentlemen as pail bearers Wm. R. Hinkley, Frederick Curtis, A. $ Beach, Norman Hall.
 --Purgatory street (we live on it) has been worked two loads of dirt resem- bling wheelbarrow loads were deposited on 1t, rather two far q part for us to skip the gutter in case of q freshet as mlnia- ture island they will pass; as bouys in rainy weather they will prove a source of vexation; but people in purgatory are suppose to be there for discipline. The at tempt to work on us these two loads of earth-and call it a road, ruffies our bet ter nature and we cannot see it. There is but one feature of this public inn provement that we cannot understand, and it is this a portion of our garden during wet seasons is under water, and, like the road, is flooded whenever it rains and the water stands a long time in the garden as we'll as in the road. We noticed that a trench has been dug from the load of dirt, ending underneath our fence. Now that trench is designed to convey water, and we feel anxious to know from what point; is it to save that load of dirt from destruction and thus give us more water on our garden? or is it a trap to catch and drown some one ignorant of the new canal?
The Newtown bee., 1879-06-17
Complimentary.

We clip from the Danbury Ne,es the following very complimentary notice of Mrs. Smith who, it will be remembered, has sung on several occasions in Trinity Church, She has freqaLently been the guest of Mrs. Geo. H. Browne of the Grand Central Hotel:
 Mrs. Ellsworth A. Smith, formerly from Danbury and leading soprano singer in the choir Ot St James church, now re- siding in Springfield, Mass, has accepted an invitation to sing in the choir of Christ church of that place, and to assist in the Sunday-school work. St. James Sunday school has lost a true Christian worker and the choir a fine singer. She takes with her our best wishes for her welfare, and trust that she Will make as many and as true friends in"Springfeld as she has left in Danbury.
The Newtown bee., 1879-06-17
Slightly Kurt.

Thursday, June 5th, Mir Abel F. Gill lette, of Mile Hill, went to Danbury with his wife and son, and on his return home stopped for a few minutes in front of Peter Behens house. One of the little boys just out of school passed by, and Mir. Gillette, in playful mood, reached out as if to catch the boy when the wagon seat tipped up and let him to the ground with q heavy thud; in his descent Mr. G. struck his face against the wheel, bruising it quite badly. MT. G. did not feel very sore until the next day and. since. He had no idea how such little fall could stira man up, but knows now the exact location of every bone in his body.
The Newtown bee., 1879-06-17
Fyousatonic Railroad Company.

BRIDGEPORT, CONN,
 June 11th, 1879. 1 Hereafter 25 and 50 passage and 800 and l, ,000 mile tickets will be issued by this Company at 3 cts per mile for one person or family" Per order President.
 H. D. AyERILL, G. T. A.
The Newtown bee., 1879-06-17
5ourth Day of July,
TAUNTON LAKE,
at the north end of

where shall endeavor to show all the interesting parts of submarine work. . A Diver will show what can be done under twenty-five feet of water, and will re- main there at least one hour.
 Two of the best natural swimmers and divers in the world will show that they are able to stay from ten to twelve min utes under water and perform many feats which appear almost impossible.
 Mr. Charles Graham, formerly assist ant electrician of Hell Gate, will give some idea of the explosion, which some city of New York MT G. will also give an idea of duck-shooting should one put in an appearance. The CITIZENS BAND of Bethel will furnish good music, and with the performance fully carried out, interspersed with singing and band music, I promise all who attend, day of unusual pleasure. Come and enjoy yourself.
The weekly miner., 1879-08-19

The Salt Lake Tribune is very severe on
the peregrinating Congressional LABOR
Comnlitte whose members on reaching Utah
fraternzed with the MOrinoIs, running cheek
by jowi will, those (" "felons" whose institu-
tions. as our government has just declared,
must be made odious. Great is hnmbug'
Our government sends greeting to foreign
nations inviting them to check and re.ard the
emigration to this country OF Morlnons whose
presence is not desired here and at the very
same time sends its chosen representatives
to associate on terms of friendly social equal
ty with the leading and worst offenders OF
the class complained Of. TO get life-like
statue OF IIumbug it would only be necessary
to take plaster caste of the average Ameri-
can /" statesman of the day.
The weekly miner., 1879-08-19
Madison County.
MadiSOni;,n, 9th,


e heard that J. II. Baker and Eugene
Stark we've severely injured near GalIatin
City, by their team running away.
Judge II. y. Mcguire. formerly Il we'll
known resident of Montana, is con, emplatinc
Il visit t" Cincinnati. for the purpose of Sc.
curing the settlement OF Jewish colony in
Rapid valley, Black Hills.
II, +. Williams, formerly an attorney Of
this city, but now residing in Salt Lake City,
had his leg broken last week, while crossing
ditch. The wooden bridge gave way and
in the endcavor to save his hat, he violently
wrenched his leg, breaking it above
the ankle.
On Saturday last. u man who gives his
nam" as George Wells, (Which, however, is
believed to be only nom de conrenaace) was
arrested and lodged in the county ia,l on
suspicion Of being implicated in the robbery
OF Filings bank last week. Wells has been
suspected ever since the affair Happened, of
being one Of the robbers. and attention has
been directed to his movements, which have
been OF most suspicious character since the
day of the robbery. We think it unwis. to
publish at present the causes which led to his
arrest, as it might Interfere with the course
Of justice.
The weekly miner., 1879-08-19

that all justices sha: be elected by the people,
while the Territorial statutes undertake to
say that a justice may be put in Office through
nomination Of town mayor, the nomination
being approved by the city council. When
Parks was brought before Judge Galbraith
OH a writ of hdbeas corpus the ground taken
by his counsel was that the action of our
Police Court was illegal because the Terrific
rial legislation under which he held and
acted as Justice was invalid owing to the
conflict above described. The writ was re-
fused, the Judge ruling, as we are Informed,
that the election of our Police Magistrate by
representatives of tie people was virtually an
election by the people themselves, and ac-
cordingy that he was legally constituted a
Justice of the Peace.
This may bs correct, but is little difficult
of comprehension. For the sake of argument
we will admit in the first place that our
mayor and aldermen were elected by the
people; and what 70 lows! Why only this,
that if, because they are a legally constituted
representative body, they possess the right to
assume functions expressly reserved to the
people, then any other properly and legally
constituted rcprese ntatlve. body possesses the
same riglL. 10 make this clearer we draw Il
parallel. The people of the town of Butte
Aldermen; the people in the State OF Cali
forhia by Governor and Legislatures a
legally constituted body of representatives
being provided for each community. the town
and the State. With regard to the frs. the
laws of the United States provide that the
local Justice of the Peace shall be ..clectcd
by the people," with regard to the second
the Constitution of the State of California
provides that the District Court Judges shall
be "elccted by the people, Now it the
Mayor and Aldermen Of Butte have the right
to nominate and cl"ct II Justice of the Peace
because they are the legal reprcse natives OF
the people, then the Governor and members
of the California Legislature, because they
are undoubtedly the legal representatives of
the people, have the same power to nominate
and elrr' the judges of the District Court.
Ii the functions reserved to the people can be
assumed in the one case they can in the
other, and if so it is hard to say how much is
left of g election by the people" when this
doctrine once obtains acceptance.
But our Mayor and Aldermen are not legal
representatives ofthe people. They are legal
representatives of the househotlels" of
Butte, and as such 1t is difficult to see what
right they have to confer Oh any individual
authority to act as Il county officer.
The weekly miner., 1879-08-19

they will work for instead of allowing each
irresponsible individual to fix it directly for
himself. and indirectly for his fellows. Now,
is this claim unreasonable? If it is unrea'
sol,able, then the whole system OF Labor
Unions should be suppressed by law, po-
sition we are inclined to think very few will
take. On the other hand, if it is reaso nable
and right, as we believe it to be, how is it
that the law provides no machinery for max
ing operative the will of the majority: Take
the case of village community Of laborcrs,
aud let us suppose that those laborers find
themselves threatened with two distinct dam
gers, one the danger of the destruction OF
their village by fire originating in some inn
properly constructed house; the other, the
danger of their families being reduced to
want through the course taken by some
worthless members Of their own number il,
offering to work for less than living wages.
How different are the remedies applied: In
the one the law quietly takes its course. In
the other the law refuses 10 recognize the
danger. and rioto,is demonstrations are apt to
IDIION. DuJ W JhI uoCS luiS VtNC. SupIoSC
the law refused to recognize the danger ;.ris-
ing from the defective building, would not
rio.ous demonstrations follow in that instance
also? would not force be employed in re-
moving the threatened danger: Labor riots
only prove that the law is s.efective in this,
that it makes no provision for making effective
the will of the intelligent majority, that 1t
provides no means Of enforcing orders given
by this majority. The sooner such means
are supplied the better. There is no turning
back in the course Of a peoples development.
The Labor Union Is an outgrowth of our
modern life, and no one need expect i: to
disappear. The sooner the Union can be or
ganize.l under the law, and operated under
the law, the better will it be for the welfare
of the race, and Tor the progress Of civiliZa-
ton.
The weekly miner., 1879-08-19

Our readers will observe that We d" not
bore them with a long column Of what our
contemporaries say of u.s. The fact of tho
matter is, we care bu, very little what our
contemporaries say Of lis, but Il great, great
deal of what our subscribers think of us; 81
instead Of filling half Il page with .'notices :
current among newspapers Oh :. this glorious
OCCASION . OF starting a real live daily, we fill
our columns with more valuable and inter-
e,ting matter. The only advertisement that
we want for the MINER is the MINER itself.
The weekly miner., 1879-08-19
$40 REWARD.

STKAIEn from Walkerville. Il DARk
~ nHCWN HORSE, four years old. brand
N t.N.' on LEFT shoulder and vented with tho
same same brand ON the left hip. White star on fore
nr;tu , with narrow white stripe running down to
white. fP ~ ~
reward OF ten dollars will he paid for the
returh n ot the above horse to Owsley's stable
botte, or to the owner at Walkerville.
oug I2-d3w JAXks kEATlN0.