davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21
FOREIGN GOSSIP.

OOME VI UuO SI0d0 CCOuOIulSIo VI LII
gland are thinking seriously of build
ing shed over the entire Kingdom in
order to keep off the raw rains which
have of late years destroyed the crops.
London Paper.
BULL-FRoGs in Jamaica like fire-fiies.
Cruel persons who like bull-frogs catch
them by tossing toward them small
red-hot pieces of charcoal. The silly
bull-frogs mistake the pieces for fire.
flies, jump ut them, eat them and are
burned to death.
LONDON BRIDGE is so narrow and
the traffic on it so abundant that 49,
$50 year is needed for the pay of
special policemen to keep squeezed
pedestrians and drivers from avenging
themselves upon one another. Hence
Parliament proposes to widen it.
AN English army pensioner, who re-
Trained flom drawing his pension for
nine months. was recently arrested and
tried for desertion. His explanation
that he did not need the money and
thought he could let it lie, but had no
intention OF deserving, did not save
him.
SANITARY authorities in Ireland are
beginning to put the law in operation
with view Of preventing the spread
of infection caused by the custom of
holding wakes. A man has been pros
secuted by the Dublin Public Health
Committee for holding wake on the
body of child who died of smallpox.
it is said that a person who attended
the wake has since died of the same
disease.
A FARM laborer at Ardleigh, Eng,
went to the help of man who was be-
ing cverpowered by lunatic in his
charge, and in danger of being killed.
He was absent from work an hour and
a half, and was prosecuted by his en-
ployer for five shillings damages on ac-
count of loss of services, and the court
decided against him for not getting
permission from his employer before
going to the rescue of a man who was
liable to be killed at any moment.
THE race Of white people which Ma
jor Pinto has discovered in South At
RIGA is named Cassequer, and is whittier
than the Caucasians. Small tufts of
very short wool take the place of hair
on the head, while smallness of eyes
and prominence of cheek-bones con-
stitute resemblance to the Chinese.
The men are extremely robust, and
both men and women are entirely no.
madic, wandering in groups of from
four to six families each, and living on
roots and on the results of the chase.
Unless these fail them they have no in
tercourse with their black neighbors.
They are the only people in Africa that
do not cook their food in pots.
A SYSTEM of insurance for girls has
existed for several generations among
the Danish nobility of Copenhagen. A
nobleman, upon the birth of daugh-
ter. enrolls her name with the insur-
ance society, paying at the time fee,
and subsequently, an annual sum, until
she reaches twenty-one. She then be-
comes entitled to q fixed income from
the society, and to apartments in the
large building of the association, which
is surrounded by gardens and park.
Should her father die in her childhood,
she may Immediately occupy the apart.
ments, if she so desires. Should she
die or marry, the income and the right
to home both lapse. The plan is very
advantageous for women leading a
single life.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

IN. Chevreul is probably the oldest
living teacher of science. Though he
is about ninety years of age he enjoys
perfect health, and is quite active in
body and mind. He lectures on chem
istry in the Paris Museum.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

This ancient bit of advice is well enough
for "spare" people, but how about those that
are already too fat3 WHAT Is to become Of
theml Sit still, and I'll tell you. After many
experiments, extending through months Of
patient Investigation aud toll, the celebrated
anal, teal chemist, j. Z. Allan, has effected
and given to the world Allan's Anti-Fat. Thus
far in several hundred cases this great remedy
las never failed to reduce corpulent person
from three to six pounds per week. It is per-
fectly harmless and positively efficient. Sold
by druggists.
SINCE the composition OF ono Of the most
popular proprietary medicines we speak Of
DR.. F. Wilhoft's Anti-Periodic or Fever and
Ague Tonic-has been Published and accom-
panies every bottle, the sales Of this greatest
specific fer the cure of Chills and Fever,
Dumb Chille and hypertrophied spleen have
doubled, and the leading physicians prescribe
it in the ir practice when the usual remedies
fail All Druggists sell It
HouseREHpERs prefer C. 0ilbert's Starcheh
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

-Fontenelle thought that eating
asparagus was promotive of length Of
days. Voltaire also is said to have
been fond of that vegetable.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

Close contest One woman trying
to Outdress another.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21
TESTIMONIALS OF CURES,
cures Chronic Rheumatlsm.

KRRsHRNA, Shawanaw County, Wa
Dear SireI wish to add my testimony in recommend.
n yoQr wonderful Indian Blood Syrup. WaO
troubled with Chronic Rheumatism for nearly year.
not being able 70 leave my ROOM or walk more than
few stems and then only with great distress. cUuI9
not even my hands TO eat With Was also aiicteA
with Salt Rhoum tried ~ the remedies ! Knew q.
and weaker and the neiehbors were Of tho opinion
uso Of your Syrup thought would try Il sent for
0oe and took according to The Wss
nsrye0us: steadily improved in health, the kheumar
tiSm left me, and now we'll - man Of my ye.S
can be- being able to work every day thank God tR
ending me such wonderful medicine:
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

HousEKEsPERs prefer G. Gilbert's StarcheA
CHEW Jackson's Best Sweet Navy Tobacco.
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

rheumatism and kidaey Disease.
SPARTA, Monroe County, Wis. Feb 9. 1873.
Dear Silt gives me pleasure to recommend your
Indiam Blood Syrup. u b worth more to me
than all tho doctors In Sparta Four years ago va
rex with Rheumatism and Kidney Disease my lDbo
wore Of NO use me- and for three months could NOS
Sand al0no But your Syrup cured me- -
WILLIAM G. WElXA
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21
Rheumatlsm Cured.

o. 0I0yy, Otter Tail Co., Mimi, Ann 10, 1878,
Deor Sts-1 have taken your excellent Indian
Bleed Syrup for rheumatism, which had been
0ounaing mo for many years. and tho relief ezpeEi
onced fOm the medicine was Wonderful 10 tho bege
remedy ever used, and would not be without Il for
u world; In tact, NO one should be without Il
PETER q TRACHA
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

ArroN Rock County. wis. Feb %, 1873.
0Mp Str-Allow mo to give my testimony in favor q
your Indian Blood syrup. Twas suffering from
General Debility and 1t was thu only medicine that did
No any good. MICHAEL GULF
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21
Liver Complaint and Dyspepsia.

For the $1,000 anu kneuW4tlSm.
ILKHORN Walworth County, Wis, April Z, 1879
Dear StT-kOr the last two years l have been using
lor Indian BlooA syrup. and found It to be 9
1rDe-claN remedy Tor Rheumatism and for purifying
the blood. EDWARD EJADERKIM
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21
Plantation Of the Heart,

6YENR Dane County. Wis, April %, 1879.
Dear Sir-This ID to certify that your Indian
bleed syrup has eaectualy cured me Of Palpitation
q tho Heat MRS u NYE
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21
Liver Complaint and Dyspepsia.

DEER PARK, St Cfoix County. VIA
0sar SCI have used your Indian 1lo01
Syrup, with very beneficial results, for Dyspepeia and
LIVER Complaint All other medicines and doctors
pgoved useless, MRS GOTlfEB MATHEWS
The Redwood gazette. [volume] (Redwood Falls, Minn.) 1873-1940, 1879-08-21

NANKATO Blue Earth Co., Mimi, Feb. ~. 1879
Dear Sir-Eiom my own experience can say tnaS
your Indfan blood Syrup ID the best remedy 10
children have died with the Diphthea but your mcd
cine has cured children Of Sore Throat every time
TIE benet which have received from its use would
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
TIE PASSdIC TRAGEDY.

JOHN NYMAN's UNHAPPY HoME-THE son SAYS HIS
GRANDMOTHER SHALL NOT LIVE IN THE HOUSE
AT the inquest yesterday, into the cause of the
death OF john Nyman, the Passaic farmer. Plcter
nelly Vogelsang the first witness, testified that on
election day Nyman told ber that there was trouble
in his family. Komah had struck at hs father with
an axe on that day. when the latter wanted to to
Hackensack in order TO bring his aged mother to
Passaic. Komah was opposed TO her coming. John
Nyman said he was afraid of being poisoned by
Komah and his wife. So he refused to drink tea at
home He said to the witness, tell You this, so
that if die soon YOU will know the cause"
&. A. Van Houten was then recalled, and testified
that when he saw Komah Nyman lying on the stoOp
Saturday morning lie commanded "A we of the
entrance to the barn. Nicholas Kiev testified
that q week ago John Nyman went to his house and
told the witness that his son KOmah had asked him
if he intended TO keen his mother at the house. She
WAS an old lady eighty-sIX years o. age Mr.. Nv
man said that Inc did. kOmah then said to his
father " Ii shan't be- John Nyman sad that then
Komah carried the axe around all day. following
him.
The first witness at the afternoon session was
John Sip, who testified that John Nyman had told
him about the way in which KOmah got hls money.
Mrs Blanche Koekoek. a little woman dressed in
black who has been neghbOr OF the Nymans for
n year and who the first person that arrived AT
the scene of the tragedy on Saturday morning. tcs-
tiiied by the aid of an interpreter, to many facts
that other witnesses had mentioned. The inquest
adjourned until 10 a. IN. to-day.
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
TIE BILLIARD CHAMPIONSHIP.
SECOND DAY OF THE ToURNAMENT-vERY LITTLE
FINE PLAYING THUS EAR.

SECOND DAY OF THE T0URNAMENT-VKRY LITTLE
FINE PLAYING THUS FAR.
The international billiard tournament be-
tween the eight champions OF the word was continued
yesterday afternoon and evening at Tammany Hall. In
tho afternoon the audience numbered about 1905 but IN
the evening there present about 300 Budd seho
field acted In the absence of Adams, who Is
sick and unable attend. The betting during the day
was heavily in favor OF Rudophe and Heiser, Sexton
standing third the list No very remarkable runs
have yet been made.
The afternoon game was between Eugene Carter aud
A p. Rudolphe. and was won by the former after
close of two hours aud three minutes so close
indeed the contest that no less than thirtynine
innings necessary TO decide the supremacy. Ru-
dolphe did some fine ra-playing. aud Carter made
a number OF brilliant draws and roundthe-table
shots, but tho playing very uneven. Carter
wasnervOus having been unable 10 sleep the previous
night and scored nothing several successive
AT time Rudolphe was 55 in advance of him,
but he reeancdhis lead and Eopt it to the end
Rudolphe made the two highest runs. 60 and AZ, with
an average Of 72iso Carriers highest 30. aud his
average 727ss. The score was as follows;
Carter-12 8. T. 35 1s 3. IA. 20, 8, l. o. l. l6, g.
!, g. 80. 80. 10, O. o. o. 2 &c. o. o. =. p 49,
o. q 800.
Rudolphe-s. 3.1,5O.4 G, %. @. 90, 1. l. 1s. g. l.
Y3, o-297 - 49, y - ~ - -
The first I'm the evening between william
sexton and Randolph Heiser,and won In 10 innings
Dy Sexton, the time being 1h. 36m. Both players kept
the balls well together most OF the tme and succeeded
I'm making number OF heavy The best run OF the
tournament thus far, l13, was made by Heser on the
eighteenth inning. and the second hest &C. by Sexton.
sexOn's l5lOIo, Hesers l4iOi9 Following
l. the score
scxtonI6 IL, l. 7, 20. l. o. g. o. l. G. as, o. l, IL.
sc, II, 20-3O0
Hci.er~9 A. o. 27. o. o. o. 49, o. .. 30. 81 49, l. o. H.
o. ll3, l4-276
The second game I'm the evening between Maurice
DAILY and George f. slosson II occupied Two hours
and won IN twenty-five innings by Daily the VIM
ner's in this game II. the losers 11O24
There little TO interest the spectators, and before
conclusion twOthIrs of them had left the hall The
score wa follows:
Dayl. ~ 5, 40. o. IL .. 3. o. 1, 1. q 49, 1, l. .. T.
3, So 4. 81. 27, U, 1880.
sOssOn9. o. o. Ii, o. TO- g. l. o. AZ. o, CO. o, ., o,
81. 13, q, 2, Z, o, 80. 4-274
The emblem which il he given To the winner. ad
ditiOn TO the money prizes, Is handsome medal sus
pended from small gold billiard table Tue medal
proper golden sunburst surrounding small enaIn
elicd billiard ball On II Is inscribed, Champion In the
Champions Game, and beneath the ball is cluster OF
miniature cues OF gold.
This afternoon DAILY and Heser will play. and this
evening the contest will be between Schaefer and Gar
nier, Sexton and Rudolphe.
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
WASHINGTON NOTES.

WASHINGTON. Wednesday, Nov. Il. 1879.
The Treasury Department to-day purchased $4,000
of fine silver for the Philadelphia aud San Fran
cisco NInts
John H. White formerly private secretary 10 Speaker
indall, has been appointed or the Official steno
grapheIs of the House O Representatives 10 I'LL the va
cancv Occasuncd Dy the death of Mir. Hincks.
The Smithsonian Institution has received from Pro-
fessor Peters Of Clinton the announcement Of the dis
covery by himself on November r. 1879 OF planet of
The eleventh magnitude, IN b. min. 10 sec. right
asc nsiun 12o 2O north decination, with daily
motion Of 8 min. south.
The Commissioner of Agriculture has engaged Mr..
Brisben Walker proceed TO Colorado and investigate
and report upon The possibilities OF artificial irrigation,
especially with reference to artesian wells where
tam streams not available.
The subcommittee OF the House Committee Dis
trct Of Columbia appointed with power to sit during
for the purpose of revising tine laws OF the
District OF Columbia began it's session today Is ex-
pected that IL Will take about two weeks 10 prepare the
work for the action OF the full committee
The funeral Of Mrs. Margaret Eaton, widow OF Gen
era John H. Eaton. Secretary OF War under General
jackson, took place yesterday in this CITY, and was
largely attended Among the floral offerings were bOu-
quets from Mrs. HAYES and Secretary McCrary. The
President In note the family, regretted his inability
To present at the funeral, and rendered his deepest
sympaty.
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
THE SITE OF THE THOMAS STATUE.
A COMMANDING POSITION sELECTED-IITLE HIGH
NNVINU ~ III. " y t.
lBY TELEGRAPH TO TIE TRIBUNE.l

IBY TELEGRAPH TO TIE TRIBUNE.l
WASHINGTON, Nov. 12.-This capital al
ready possesses five equestrian statues OF heroic
size mounted upon massive granite pcdcstals. The
earlier works this character-the statues OF Washing
ton and Jackson-were fashioned in rather exagger-
ated attitude of rampancy. which has the effect to
in mind OF the observer fear that the riders
Will lose their balance and fall Off The later works.
however, are shown In more composed attitudes, aud
excite apprehenslOns. yet they are all enough like
each other in mounting and general design to form
1t companion pieces. The location selected for
the sixth Of character. the Thomas statue. to
be unveiled next week. all things considered, the
most CONSPICUOUS spot for such purpose in the city.
BY reason plan followed in laying out the city,
great number of spacious circles aud squares are left NJ
the Intersections OF the three district sys-
rems % street, fdd these seem designed on
purposo for monumental statuary fountains.
Thanks. also. to the paternal though wasteful
energy the defnnct Board OF Public Works valleys
were evelled up. knobs shaved of, and building
lines aud curb lines the city from
boundary boundary were rectifed with
an eve single to the perfection Of the
plan by the French engineers who first surveyed
the swamp 50 generously surrendered for National &C.
cupancy by Maryland and Virginia.
This not only makes objects placed at the tripcae
intersections visible from immense distances APP
pearance mulrpnes them three and four fold. Four
broad smoothly paved avenues intersect at the Four
teenth circle, opening up In eight directions Wis
fas which extend sheer the circle Of hills which
round Washington.
direction only Is higher ground than the site OF
the statue visible within the city limits Looking South
down FOureenth-s the view Ia unobsructcd for fully
fifteen miles, Three miles away the Potomac, and
beyond nat too TAR 10 be distinctly Visible, nut IN d.
line, stand tue spires of Alexandria, while the crest
OF the h ne Hills of Virginia forms the horizon. The
open space within the building lines at the intersection
comprises of three fOur acres In the centre
an enclosure Of raised green sward dotted In season
with flower beds Hills bUut Oncthird Oi the whole, aud
in the middle OF the enclosure rises the granite
pedestal, twelve feet ligh, upon which the statue
~ TO rest. within plain sight. less than nfty
rods away stand the equestrian bronze statues OF Scott
and NcPhersOn horh erected within the last tour
Immediately surrounding the circle aud within pistol
Of the site oi the statue are the mansions of
dozen prominent Senators and other digntares Of Ma
tiOnal reputation. bile for hall mile IN all directions
richest aud mort tasteful private residences fol
which the National Capital Is becoming famous are
thckly clustered.
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
HAVOC WITH WESTERN BRIDGES.

ST. LOUIS, Nov. 12.-WOrd reached here
this that part of the bridge crossing the IL
lnois River Meredosla, Illinois on the Wabash Road.
was blown down last night. The officials Of the road de-
MED having received any adviccs that effect private
telegram from Meredosa tonight, however. says that
three spans of the bridge were blown into the
river during n very heavy storm between II
ami l o'clock. Trains moving around
Hsnniba and Naples and Quincy Alton and st. Louis
Roads
LAWRENCE. Kan, Nov 12.-The north OF temporary
span OF the bridge the Kansas River at this
point was carried away to-day The river four feet
In two hours and tho trrstle battered by I'M
men-e amount of hOOd-wood. number OF persons
were on the span when IL started, but all escaped with
ou inIrY.
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
ADMISSIONS FROM A soUTHERNER.

STEALING STILL GOING ON THOUGH HE CARPET
BAGGERs HAVE DEPARTED-BUsINEss IN SOUTH
CAROLINA.
There has been heavy failure recently of an old
American firm started at the beginning OF this
century in Charleston, S. c., by the well-known
AdQer family. The Adgers had private bank as
well IA hardware store, and the liabilities OF both
concerns are said to amount to the large sum of
81 200 600, with small assets. TRIBUNE reporter
asked prominent railroad man of the South yes
terday. what he thought of business prospects in
Charleston. He answered
clam sorry to say that the outlook is not good
there. We have had the worst failure known for
many year in the state. II came from desire to
compete for the cotton trade. The Adgers have ad-
vanced more than 81 900, 900 10 cotton factors and
lost H.. Savannah seems to do better with cotton
than Charleston. There were fourteen steamships
M one time last week in the Savannah River, TAX
!, ~ aboard cotton for all klnds OF places not only
Great Britain and France, but even Germany and
kussa. , II A., r,a,,
were 10 finish the railroad connecting them with
ths Wcst. al which they have been working for
twenty wears lie answered: " 1t will be many
wear, yet. That road is state work. dependent on
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
TELEGRAPHIC NOTES.
A pENIrENr CONFESSION.

PEN1rENI CONFESSION.
CoOpFRsTowN, y. Y, Nov. 12.-Buell, who ia 10
he hanged Friday the murder Of Catharne Rchars has
confessed II crime He Is pentent and humble
THE CLAIM OF THE NINTH REGIMENT
ALBANY \. Y, Nov. l2.-lhe clam of the 9th
Regiment OF NcwY0rk before che state Board Of
Audit today and this Of Michael Tobin submitted
AIDFoR THE DISTRESSED sPANIARDs
HALIFAX, n. s. Nov. l2.-The Spanish Consul al
Halifax opened subscription list for the sufferers
late in spain. and merchants have made
handsome donations
THE HANLAN.coURTNEY MATCH AGAIN.
TORONTO, Nov. 12.-Iianlan and Dave Ward left
Blakie and sOue at tho Bracket House. 10 Al.
angements for new race.
THE MANITOBA RAILWAY SCHEME
WINNIPEG, Man., Nov. i2-lhe necessary porn
stock Of the southwestern Railway was deposf
itod yostedan the Merchants Bank and permanent ON
ganlEation will be formed forthwith
VALLEY FORGE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION.
P1TsBuRG, Penn. Nov. 12.-Mrs Holstcin, Ma
tona valley Forge Memorial Association, ar
rived this morning The western Division OF the
A SCHOONER LIBELLED
BAITruORF Nov. ia libel was filed to-day In
the pted District Coui by The OF the steamer
Fc0n claiming $4,000 from the OF the schooner - @
Iryoa the steamer ON the night OF the sh Inst
HEAVY FAILURE AT 81. JOHN, ". b.
ST. JoHS, \. b., Nov. l2.--Tho old established
wholesale dry goods and groccr hrm Of l. IL Deyebar ~
sons of Boies Deyeber and Richard - Deyes
ber suspended The urm large o"uers of shipping
nj real estate.
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
FOREIGN NOTES.
LONDON. Wednesday. \

INNDON, " WV'Ints'Idy' NVF To ITf5 7
II now appears that NJ Marie Edmond Valentine
Republican Senator shot himself In consequence 0f
ohagrin at having recommended unfortunate invest
ments
Two OF NJ Philippar have resigned their seats
directors of the Banque Europeenne.
The Sportsman saysi Robert Carlisle, the Cornish
pedestrian, who has undertaken to walk from Land's
End England TO john o. Groats House. Scotland. and
back trundlng a wheebarrOw, arrived al Edinburgh IN
his Journey Friday last II Is said that. after
he has completed his present feat, he will attempt 70
the Atlantic In u small pnnace."
The directors OF the limited cotton mill companies Of
Oldham have decided to meet again TO form
ton for promoting their mutual interests The short
time rule rescinded The speakers at the meeting
strongly censured the conduct OF the Liverpool cotton
ring" and one OF them spoke OF the necessity OF OBJ
tanning cotton direct from America. TO Illustrate
the maneuvres OF the ring.
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13
THE PLANS OF GENERAL GRANT.
A PROBABLE VISIT TO THE WEST INDIES AND MEX
ICO-TUE PRESIDENCY.


ICO-THE PRESIDENCY.
CINCINNATI, Nov. ia Galena special to The
Enquirer, reporting an interview with General
Grant, says that the General looks better and
younger than when he left the White House. In
regard TO his plans for the future. General Grant
said that he had not fully made them up, though 1t
is poSsble he may visit the West Indies and spend
part of the Winter there, returning through Mexico
"When start East in December" the General
said, Imay get employment at something whicn
may change my otherplans. The only information
have of being chosen president of the Texas
Pacific Railroad have received through the news
papers, nothing of the kind has ever been offered
me.
Reporter-Very many people insist that you must
be President of the United States again.
THAT too" said the General. "is without my
authority. The fact IS haven't been disturbing
myself about anything since l went awayI any
plans made for the future for me are without con-
sultation with me-"
General Grant further said he would spend two
DAYS ia Cincinnati some time after December 8. at
which time ne VIII start East. In his opinion
New York. San Francisco and Chicago are 10 be
the three great metropolitan cities OF America
New-York tribune., 1879-11-13

the corruptions and personal ambitions OF state
officers and Legislatures"
why, do you mean to say that your Legslatur,es
have anything corrupt about them now since 'ho
carpet-baggers went awayp
"Ah 1t doesn't make much difference what inc
opinions of the people are who handle the pupuc
money. / don't believe the railroads of the South
will be rs fast now as under that revolutionary
condition of things we had. While the acreage OF
the stealing is not large neither is the acreage
OF enterprise. South Carolina is al great disadva-
tage with her railroad system Cotton prefers TO 10
to savannah ports north of Charleston and come
ont at Norfolk, or to take the a-rail route to New
NnrL