Gold Hill daily news. [volume] (Gold Hill, N.T. [Nev.]) 1863-1882, 1879-07-22
Seeking the North Pole.

out ~ Wv
peditions have been sent, some never to
return. The recent departure Of the
Jeannstte to the Arctic and possibly to
the pole has awakened an interest in
such explorations, and 1t will be instruc-
tive TO compile as brief o summary as
possible from o work on the subject by
Commander Davis Of the Royal Navy.
The Arst English polar expedition Of
which We have any detailed record was
commanded by Sir Hugh willoughby in
1853, who, after reaching Nova Zsmbla,
q Is veil known, persisted.
From Into statues; 10 the cordage glued
The sailor. aud the pilot to the holm.
In 1876, Martin Frobisher. with three
small vessels, visited Greenland and
Labrador discovering the strait that
still bears his name. The. inhabitants
be describes ~ salvage people like to
Tsrtars, with longe black haire, broad
faces and hatte noses" This naviga.
tor believed he had discovered gold. and
made other voyages in search OF II, but
nothing more than the frst specimen
WAS ever found. Frobisher was fol.
lowed by John Davis, whose name was
aiysn to the strait connecting Bafans
Bay and the Atlantic, and separating
Greenland from the Continent. The
last arctic voyages OF the sixteenth
century were those Of Barsntz, Q Dutch.
man, who reached the northern point Of
Nova Zembla, and also discovered Bear
Island and Spitxbsrgen.
In 1907. the well.known name OF
Henry Hudson appears on the list Of
polar voyagsrs: FIRST, in an attempt to
reach India by crossing the pole; second.
to reach the same country by way OF
Nova Zsmbla; aud third and fourth. by
the northwest passage. Hudson river
and Hudson Bay were discovered by
this gallant navigator. In the latter,
with bis son and seven inhrm sailors.
he was set adrift In q small boat. by a
mutinous crew, and was never heard Of
after. The historian remarks. "that II
10 O pleasure to know that but few OF the
mutneers svsr lived to return to.Eng.
land"
More than a century now passes be.
fore another attempt is made to reach
the pole. About It'll the English Gov.
eminent sent an expedition under Cap
tain Phipps to the polar region. but It
met with no great success. With this
expedition was Horatio Nelson, then q
midshipman OF 10 or IA years Of age.
who in after life became the first Of
English naval heroes.
The north having been sought by
every route thought practicable on the
eastern side OF America. an attempt was
made on the western shore. The re.
nownsd Capt. James Cook left England
In l778 for this purpose. and In the fol.
lowing year passed through Behring's
Straits, and sailed as far north as Icy
Cape In latitude 20 degrees 45 minutes.
While Cooks voyages and discoveries
In other parts OF the world were Of great
Importance, his northern starch was
Ruthless. The South Sea Islands al.
fordsd q new and far pleasanter field for
discovery. Behring. as early as l74O,
had explored the northern waters which
now bear his name. and other navigators
had made attempts In the same direction
but with no greater success.
In 1918 the English sent another ex-
petition to the Polar Sea by the way OF
Davis Strait. This was commanded by
Captain Buchan. and among the ofieers
John franklin. who afterwards be.
came one Of the most celebrated Of
Arctic explorers. and as Sir John Frank.
lin, commanded the Erebus and Terror.
which left England In May, l845. in
search OF Q Northwest passage. These
ships were last seen by q whalsr in June
Of the same year, and their subsequent
fate Is still but partly known. Many
expeditions have sailed In search OF Sir
John Franklin. and many relics and
some manuscripts have been found, but
the search ID not yet concluded.
Polar discoveries have also been At.
tempted by land, as notably. the sIpedi.
lions OF Mackenzie. Franklin, Dease,
Simpson. Back, Richardson and Rae.
Mackenzie explored to its mouth the
great river which now bears his name.
Tho extensive land journey and hard
ships endured by franklin, long years
before be went on his last fatal voyage,
constitute an interesting chapter In the
history Of polar discovery.
Dsass and Simpson. officers Of the
Hudson's Bay Company. in the years
1887 $3.50. succeeded in tracing the
northern shore Of the American CONT.
nsnt. and solving the problem OF the
connection Of the waters OF the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans In the north.
Whalsrs as we'll AZ naval officers have
distinguished themselves as explorers,
and Of these, Captain Scoresby succeed.
cd In reaching o higher latitude than any
navigator previous to DR.. Kane. From
him also We have the map Of the east
coast OF Greenland. Captains Ross and
Parry made several expeditions in the
early part OF the century, which resulted
In important discoveries, but neither the
Northwest passage nor the North pole
were found. But . great discovery was
made by James Clark Ross, nephew Of
Dir John Ross, the commander OF sew.
eral arctic expeditions.
A finely equipped feet under Mcclure
entered the Arctic from Behring Strait
In search OF Sir John Franklin, but find.
ing NO trace OF the lost navigator, nor
passage eastward for the vessels, they
were abandoned and the passage safely
made over the ice. This closed the.
search for the long sought for Northwest
passage, and all recent expeditions have
been TO reach the pole. OF these the
Americans have been the most promi.
nent. Dr.. Kane in 1850 went In search
OF Sir John Franklin. and in 1853 made
another Arctic voyage in search Of the
North Pole. In 1860 DR.. Hayes sailed
his memorable expedition, reaching
. slsdgs journey as far north as 81 de-
grsss IS minutes, and from o high point
OF land saw what he believed TO be an
open sea extending as far as the eye
could reach. McClintock and Rae had
found relics Of Sir John Franklin, and
proof Of his fate, but on American gen.
tlsman, Captain O. F. Hall OF Cincinna.
u, desired to make another search. and
was aided in his endeayor by Henry