The Wheeling daily intelligencer. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1865-1903, 1879-12-12

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reason it was violently opposed by the
northern people. Other questions relating
to slavery arising, Henry Clay introduced
his compromise measures. First, that
California should be admitted as a free
State, to balance the admission OF Texas
as slave State. Second, the organization
Of territorial governments for New Mex
leo and Utah, without slavery. Third,
the establishment OF the boundary OF
Texas. Fourth, the slave trade to be
abolished IN the District Of Columbia.
Filth, that all slaves escaping from their
masters into free states should be returned
without trial by jury. This last was called
the Fugitive Slave Law" and was the
origin ola great deal OF trouble, because the
northernstate would not enforce it, While
Mr.. Pierce was President new outbreak
occurred, caused by the passage by Con.
gress Of what was called the "Kansas- Ne.
braska Bill" In this was repealed the
Missouri compromise" and territorial
governments were organized for Kansas
and Nebraska, with or without slavery as
the Inhabitants should decide. As soon
as the bill was passed emigrants hurried
into them; those from the North deter
mined to make them free States, and those
from the South determined to make them
slave States, and, OF course, numerous COL
ltsions took place between the opposing
parties. and from the consequent blood
shed Kansas was called bleeding Kan
sas. "John Browns raid" into Virginia
in October, 1850, was not calculated to
improve matters. This daring leader, who
had distinguished himself in the Kansas
struggles, especially at 0ssawatomie, had
no less an object in view than the liberia.
ton ofall the slaves in the South. For
this purpose he went to Harper's Ferry
and seized the United States Arsenal to
supply his troops with arms. He fancied
that as soon as he announced his object
the slaves would flock to his standard,
But scarcely single one joined him, his
entire party amounting to only twenty
TWO men. The alarm quickly spread, and
troops soon arrived from the surrounding
States. After a brave resistance in the
engine house OF the Arsenal, in which al.
most all OF his men were killed, and he
himself received six wounds, Brown sur.
rendered. He was soon afterwards tried.
condemned and executed. The time for
the election Of President now drew near.
Four candidates were in the field. Abra.
ham Lincoln, the candidate Of the Repub.
lican party, was the most prominent. As
he was understood to be opposed to slav-
cry the South thought that his election
would be dangerous to their interests.
They therefore determined that II he was
elected they would secede from the Union.
The prominent statesmen OF the South
held that the Union was composed of en-
tirely independent States that had
right to withdraw from it at pleasure.
An example OF this belief was seen when
the convention met at Charleston in 1882,
and threatened to secede If the "Tarif "
was not removed. And it was to bring
the Southern States back to their allegi.
ance, and to abolish this doctrine, and not
to free the slaves, that the war was fought;
for only those that were outside Of the
Union lines were set free by President
Lincoln's proclamation. This belief was
called the Estate Rights" doctrine. Al
1t existed most strongly in South Carolina
it was thought proper that she should
take the lead in dissolving her connection
with the United States. Accordingly, al
soon as Lincoln was declared elected, OF
on the Goth OF December, 1860, conven
ton was held at Charleston which passed
an ordinance OF Secession. In six week
similar ordinances had been passed BY
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia
Louisiana aud Texas. These States form
ed an organization known as the "Con
/ foil IsaS nj nj L
ruary Sth, 1861, Jefferson Davis, OF Mississ
Iippi was elected President, and Alexan
der H, Stephens, OF Georgia, Vice Presi
dent. The Coniederates immediatel!
began operations by bombarding For
Sumpter on the 18th OF April, 1851.
was surrendered two days later. Tn
three objects which the Unionists had Il
view when they began the war, and whicl
were Of vital importance in subduing III
Confederacy were: First, the blockadinl
OF their entire coast, by means OF whic
they were shut off from receiving any al
from foreign countries. Second, the oper
ing Of the Mississippi, by means OF whic
; the Contederacy would be cut in two, an
the West and Northwest allowed fire.
communication with the Ocean, and a
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capture OF Richmond, depriying the Coz
iederacy OF capital. For this would
the greatest blow, morally speaking, thl
could be inflicted on It. And Their
fore, although Richmond was Of no in
portance in . military point Of viey
!. It was made the object Of many OF Ii
most costly campaigns, merely because
was the capital. The first expeditions 4
the purpose Of blockading the southel
coast, were those against Fl. Hatteras ar
Port Royal, which were captured. II
next was the expedition under Gen. Bur
side, which captured Roanoke Islam
Some troops also captured Fl Pulaski 81
the seaports OF Eastern Florida. The SIZE
OF Charleston was now commenced, b
did not close until much later in the, WI
- In August, 1854, Commodore Farragut ca
tured Mobile, alter hard fight. The 81
reuder OF Charleston, late In thisyear, "
4 about the last important event Of tho v
n on the Southern coast, The opening
the Mississippi was commenced by Gran
advance on Forts Henry and Donelst
which he took. Soon after Nashville v
abandoned, "Island No. 10" capturl
70 70 and the battle OF Pittsburgh Landi
Is fought, resulting in the defeat ofthe q
9. tederates. The next great event in I
n department was the capture Of n
y u 4