, 1879-03-27

thtncfv cost less ttnn sA0,030, md the entiro
ct,:t nf The Arrogantc WIS about Se25,uU u
linn u wn.sIl have 1cr,, in tic case Of the lss.
tloubtahlc, inr cxAmple-nn ito'iclad OF s,tI,o
tuns, with 10 inches OF nr1tlHr at tc uatcr.inc
a'ul haYlhK slgctl of fourteen Knots per ho1f'
IRON AND STEEL AT pARlS.
lnterrst,nE E'ncts from tho Report Of MIR.
A1orrel1-Ths ItlEgrSt tlatMiner In tho
WUrtd-ItcAsc.,rr steel. Etc.
nv ftitprdta to !ft,o tnrk Tribune.
WAsntSnToN, March GL-sir. d. J. Morrel1,
Of PENNSYLVANIA, Assistant Commissioner to
Tile Paris ExnositIon, has submitted ha report
10 tho Scctetary uf State on tl.c exhibits Ut Iron
and steel IN that exhibition.
The lua1ing iron mid steel producing countries
OF the world in the order uf their Importance
nsa enumerated as folt0ws: Great Britain,
United States, 1crmany, france. Belgium,
Austria mud Hungary, Russia and Sweden.
Ttete countries nrt'iucc 0SM per cent Of the
worlds annnnl product Of iron u1l Rtccl, mud
all were rSprcsouted Ut the farfs Exhibition ex.
crpt Germany. 80
Speaking of The French exhibit, Mr. Morre)l
says that tho progrcss tnado lIy tint natlon In
the manufacture Of rude castings, bar Iron, AMI
steel rails, nul some other heavy products, has
been known to tlc world since tho Paris Expo
a[tion Of 1861 but ltIat In 1873 showed more all
yanccment In tic manufacture Of tic finer
fortus Of iron n1.d steel, uMd fnnny OF the
prnlacts derived from them. AmouE the ex-
htbtta are 1nentioucd an clshty.ton steam ha,n-
mcr,--tilc largest III tic werlG, ,--ahd m asn1or
rlatc thirteen fcut ten fucca long, eight feet six
inches wide. an.l two feet seyen tlel,es thick,
Weighing stxtr.ifve metrical tons. a cnst-stec1
shaft was nlsO exhibited aixty.fotr feet fur
Inches tnnE nru eeycuteen iHcles I'll diameter.
uud Weighing twenty tous. The exhibit OF
Great Britnla, Mr.. Morrell says. vas mt worthy
Of the position she occlpcs In the production Of
!lon asHs steel. Ons lrsn seat 10 The Exposition
rails 1870 feet long. ruled direct from The tngot,
nMta bent Into four lengths Of thtrty-two feet
each. somc Interesting specimens Of iron used
n ordinances wero also slowlI, antl forgc'l, hot-
low shaft thsrty-thrcu feet scscn ft,cllrs long,
seventeen In,l onc-half Inches In dlaneler. was
also exhibited.
Tho English showed very numerous md OK.
cellent specimens Of agricultural machinery aud
cutlery.
Germany was mt represented In the E3post-
ton, but 1tr. Morrefl visited that country for
the purpose Of ntahlllg careful inspection u
Its Iron attd steel Industries, atld III order to
make tic reporta cosnplots one. The most In
tcrcstinE feature Df Ills pnpes IN relation 10
Germany Ia TINT which treats Of the competition
between the three great iron ulld stco producing
countries Of Europe. Snco Germany acquired
tile tron utslrcts VI Alsace uni Lorraine she has
become troublesome rival for France, Wills
the British manufacturers are RUnllnE their
products to Germany itself, mud competing with
articles Of Iron and steel manufactured nj home.
Mr. Morrcl1 rails attention to tho advantages
which the United States possesses In buIlIE so
widely separated from Europea,, countries, nml
thus bcin@ relieved, to q great cxtcnt, from
competition TINT would otherwise exist.
Mr.. Morrcll's report IN rcgat1 to The iron and
steel industries OF Belgium is very interesting.
Ia nI,tf
pnratiVe prosperity Of the Belgium Iron md steel
industries when tltir spare natural resources
are taken Into consideration, atld when the same
industries Of moro favored countries are cx-
causes tor this condition of things, Mr.. Morrcll
says, nru to be found in chenp labor, long hotrs,
The technical education Of the workingfncn,
strict economy tu administration, attention TO
iaGor.saslng ss machinery. RIG population oi
Belgium Is very dcnsc, i. 600 000 pcoplo inhablt-
Ing IT, 900 square miles Of tCrrttDry. The coun-
try is II hIyo OF industry. 1heru, 10 no room for
must be content With ANAL waaEcs, for high
wages would soun put an end to oil employment
by DESTROYING the ability Of Belgium to COM
pete In foreign, markets. Strikes arc axcecd-
ingly rare. and when thc5 DO occur they ars soon
tolerate them. rersonn econumy Ia essential
TO existence. Tic labor OF women a.id children
is utilized. Railroads through its own territory,
faYornb1Y situated scaporte. ma trading spirit
hanilcd down from Tic middle ages, aid I'll secur-
ing foreign purchasers for Belgian n,anufnct-
tres. Belgium 1ltl1lxes nil her RESOURCES. She
Is Industrious ulla frugal. She negtccta nunu o(
her opportunities. Mr.. Morrcf concludes this
portion Of his rcuost by .ho remark TINT much
ot tic Distress existing In other countries might
bc obyiated BY thu practtcc Of the Hane virtues.
mi! that 1t would not involra tho reduction Of
wagcs to tho Belgian standard.
lhe:Austro-llungary exhibit Of Iron MIL steol
f1tr fFt1
progress: The sano may bc snid of thu Rus
blari exhibit, artl also Of tt,lt Of Sweden. T1a
progress in tl!o application OF new nncthoas In
the last namcd country II slow. which, hIr. Nor.
rclt Hays, ACCOUNTS for tile absence bt much ill.,
crease tn her product.
The exhibit Of tho United States was inndc-
auate, nnd did not fasryrcprescnt the industrial
RESOURCES and progress If the country. 1!lc
literally made ito sign Of their capac!ty, nor did
other Establishments iu thu Mnnl.factntc Of Iron
md steel. Not rail nor kcg Of Cit nails, bnr uf
Iron lingo! Of steel OF American manufacture,
WIS on exhibition. a few artirlcs which ut-
1n Ills general survey OF tho fcnt,lrcs ot fhc
| Paris Exposition, ~ far as they relate to iron
a sterl, Mr.. Norrcl snya al'ai l.s Il led to The
conclusion thai they present very little Tint WIS
new TO the pract!ca l',an who Is engaged In tic
InanufRctura OF these prtHlucts. T!icre wcrc
evidences OF progress IN the dephasphoyizatieA
Ut iron, in tho substitution u( 1nacne for hand.
pudding, In ttlu smpl11lcattDn A pCFIcc1Dl ut
tbs open hrnrth process, in tho casting Of steel,
| In The manuiacsuru Of wrought iron and etrci
/ u1,i their application to new uses, but
10 absolutely new process fur the li1anll-
| iaeturr pt iron hnl} etcnl was oxhb.en OF
described. Tile nlotn'lurE1cal world, hc snya,
| tus apparently reached q rcstInE-plucu In tho
,naitef ot Invention, and stccl.makers every.
| whcrc tcen to havu rcachca tho conclusion that
fn thu improvement ut present processes. aud In
the extension Ut the use Ut Iron and steel, nr0
they to find problons wDrthYuf tlseir attention IN
the future The display nf iron mn! steel products
Ut tile Paris Expedition has never 1ccn eoualcd In
a Woradts FUR, while illa exhibits OF machinery
liaye 0nly been slrpassctl by TINT made At Phil
adulplla, wnct, was moru extended md moro
vared ttan tint Of Paris, nntl hal the additional
! advantage Ut bclnl. moro generally In motion
AZ tic same time, the Paris Exnositon damon
strate,l nlUrc fully than Tint at Philadelphia Or
any prcytols Dne, the efficiency ~ machinery II
ali Industrial enterprises, uul exhibited tho ct
| forts Of eyrry progressive nation to 1Etatn The
beat machinery for It's own 6erytcc. mil thu nc
cesstty brought uron all by their actiya compe
titlun to udopt every new device anu improve
,ncnt which tends to lncreasc, perfect, and
| cheapen products. s..
On tic effect u tho Introduction Of tho Dessc
| nlcr prucess for tl!a manufacture OF stGrl, MIR
Morrcll says thnt tho London Timer 1emarks
| that the Ressciler steel process Inns ru'ntd TIL
manufacturing irou trade. Mr.. MortcIl tays
that it has done aoro than ths, 1t hds dIstrlbut
! Ell nn,Dn1 tIlunY Countries the manufacture o