The Eaton Democrat. (Eaton, Ohio) 1875-1903, 1879-10-02

Governor General refused. He said a we'll
regulated police, not a part of the army, must
keep the peace nf the community. England
to- day is the freest Government In the world
except our own. A soldier cannot enter the
hall of the Commons with his uniform and
arms. -
Our Declaration of Independence is the pro-
test in behalf of civil liberty, immortal in his
tory. It will gather glory throughout all the
ages. 1t voices the who,e spirit of freedom.
1t exalts the individual in stating his insliena-
BILE rights. 1t ennobles the State in defining
its just purposes and powers. 1t was evoked
by the wrongs our fathers suffered
sHe has refused his assent to laws the most
wholesome and necessary for the public good.n
He has kept among US in time of peace
standing armies without the consent of our
Legislature. :"
He has affected to render the military indie
pendent of and superior TO the civil powerD
He has deprived us in many cases of the
benefits Of trial by jury.
This sublime protest sgainst outrages on
civil liberty denounced the wrongs of which
the Democratic party complains to-day. 1t
stands upon the declaration out of which the
republic was born. II asks nothing which the
Declaration does not demand. That was a
revolutionary document, says Gen. Garfield
Ayel and the Democratic party is revolution
ary" to that extent, and no further. 1t teaches
the truths which the Declaration announced to
be self-evident 1t demands the rights for the
assertion of which our fathers pledged their
lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor
The Republican party to-day denounces these
doctrines as revolutionary, and inconsistent
with the maintenance of the Government and
the best interests of the people.
My countrymen, must adjure you to heed
the lesson Of all reason, Of all historyi The
great experiment is in our hands to-day. We
are exposed to greater dangers from this cause
than any Government Other Governments
have the King, the throne, the crown, the ex-
ecutive head-the emblem of national SOW
ereignty raised above parties, welding the vital
powers of the Government, and maintaining its
form, whichever party may succeed. II it were
possible at all, such Government might use
the troops impartiallZ to keep the peace as be-
tween the parties Every department OF our
ereignty of the peopleis in the hands of party;
every Office, and honor, and e1nolument Is the
price of party success. 1t is madness, to con-
fide to party the power Of bringing troops to
the polls. where its fate Is to be decided.
State rights are not State wrongs. The rights
OF the States, as reserved and limited by the
constitution, are as essential to our constitu-
tional Union as are the rights and powers Of
the Federal Government Both are essential
to our Government and form Of governmental
being, which has been so well defined by the
Supreme Court of the United States to be sAn
indestructible Union composed Of indestruct-
ible States" The doctrine of States rights is
not the doctrine Of disunion, nor of nullifcaton,
nor yet of secession. 1t does not maintain the
superiority Of the States. 1t does not decry or
befittle the powers OF the Federal Union, wheth-
or of making or executing the laws. 1t never
has been stated, it never will be stated,
more tersely, more accurately, more clearly,
than in the Tenth amendment of the constitu-
ton, 30 tenaciously insisted on BY. Massa-
chusetts:
aThe powers not delegated to the United
States by the constitution, nor prohibited by It
to the States are reserved to the States respect
lively, or to the people"
The Government Of the United States is su-
preme within its sphere, because the constitu-
ton expressly provides that This constitution
and the laws of the United States, which shall
be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties
made, or which shall be made, under the au-
thority of the United States, shall be the su-
preme law of the land; and the Judges in every
State shall be bound thereby, anything In the
constitution or laws Of any State to the contrary
notwithstanding The constitution is the su-
preme law The laws made in pursuance of il
are likewise supreme, The laws made not u
+ pursuance OF it are not supreme. They are nui
and void. They are no laws. The duty and the
power to execute the constitution and laws have
been confided by tie constitution to the Fedora
Government The powers Of the Federal Gov
ernment are delegated, every one OF them, BY
the States; or, if you prefer it, by the people o
the States They exist by virtue Of that delega
ton, and the instrument dele9ating, defining
expressing the extent and limit of the powers
is the constitution. The powers and rights o.
the States, meaning thereby the Government
and the people Of the States, are inherent II
them as political communities The Statei
delegated some of their powers to the Fedora
Government; they prohibited the exercise o.
some by themselves absolutely, and of other
without the consent of Congress The con
stitution defines the powers d legated, tn
powers prohibited, and declares that the pow
ers not delegated to the United Statesnor pro
hibited to the States are reserved to the States
ns question arises as to the power of th
| United States, you must look to the delegation
| of powers by the constitution. If the powe
| is notfound there, it does not exist ha quss
| ton arises as to the power of State, you lool
| to the powers delegated to the United States
and then 20 to the powers prohibited to tn
| States. And ifthe power is In neirher categor.
| it does belong to the State. II difference o
! interpretation ss to the power delegated an
|
| tion can be made, then the judicial tribunals
and Ultimately ths Supreme Court of the Unite
| States become nece- sariy the final arbiter.
q case for Judicial interference cannot be made
that great public opinion-that enlightene
public conscience which seeks the highef
sources of wisdom, which always aspires 10 b
| right-will in one way or another give decisiy
| Judgment That opinion may ebb and flo
| like the tides of the ocean at the bidding of th
fickleencore But it will attain a steadines
like the ocean from which all height is meas
ured. This is the doctrine Of State rights, q
| maintained by the Democratic party. 1t is th
doctrine of the constitution. 1t is the doctrin
of local Government, of home rule, of Uniol
1t is the doctrine of o simple Government {
few powers, touching few objects,-of fl esdon
Consolidation is as unconstitutional as seces
sion; unity Of Government is as unconstitI
tional as separation, and both consolidation an
unity tend as certainly in the end to disunioI
If it be said this theory cannot be strictly col
rect for that twenty-four new States have bee
carved out of territory belonging to the Uniol
the answer is that it is strictly and entirel
true as to the original thirteen States, and thi
every new State has been admitted to Il
Union expressly on the same terms as the orit
inal States. -
know it is fashionable In these days to d.
CRY State rights, to hold them up as the orig
of the war and tne cause of all our section
troubles. They are confounded with sece
sion, with nullifcatlon, with denying or dwar
ing or paralyzing the Federal Government, al
they are made the stalking horse of all th
shocks the Union sentiment of the peopl
Even now the fear of them is invoked to a
the scheme of using the military power and Il
civil officers of the Federal Government
interfere with elections Iprotest against th
confusion of ideas; protest against definil
the doctrine wrongfully and then attacking
as our doctrine. l will quarrel with no m,
about terms, about names hemay call this Go
ernment-a Nation or Confederation, or
Federal Union. II he believes the FedeI
Government is supreme within its sphere 81
the States are supreme within their sphert
and that neither may trench on the powers
the other; if he believes that all powers =
delegated nor prohibited are reserved to 4
States respectively, he is States-rghts m
enough for me. He asserts the true, cons
tutional, conservative doctrine; conservative
our Government, of our Union, which "
designed to be perpetual, Of our freedom.
THURMAN ON SHERMAN.
Extract from the Ohio Senator's Columb