davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
MANUFACTURING AMMoNIA FROM AIR:

A method of attaining ammonia from nitro
gen derived from atmospheric ar has been
nntented by William Muller, of Antwerp and
Edmond Geisenberger of Brussels. In carry
ing out their invention the pntentees subject
10 the action of electricity IN the presence of
hydrogen the products Of combustion which
are almost exclusively composed or nitrogen,
and which may be purified so az To eliminate
anv foreign bodies from them. The hydrogen
il obtained by any suitable means. IL Is well
known that the action Of electricity sometimes
decomposcs gases at rest. According 10 the III
yentlon the gases subjected To the action OF elec-
tricity for the manufacture oil ammonia are
uut i'm motion with OF without pressure. and
The ammonia produced therefrom, ~ socn as
IL is formed Is made 10 pass away rom the
decompOsing action OF electricity. The appn-
Ta;us consists OF suitable retoft or vessel
mounted in a furnace and containing coke or
other carbon, which is heated to a red heat.
Napor of wafer is conducted INTO The TctOrt or
vessel and hydrogen gas l. evolved. Inc ny
drugen y taken from the retort by means OF Il
pump or other suitable apparatus, and IS con-
Quoted into n reservoir III which II may DC
cooled or purified previously 10 Its beng con-
Quoted To the combining apparatus. Inc pIo-
ducts OF combustion, when consist, III lcantS.
of atmospheric AR that has Deen employed
in promoting combustion, with the add
ton of certain OF the products or combus-
lion. are taken by means OF pump or other
suitable apparatus from the fines Ct the fur-
mace and are conducted 10 Il vessel contain
Ing DCUl k~uCh, -bt az iihN( e"p"-
HE of absorbing gases other than nitrogen
gas From thus vessel the nitrogen IS con-
ducted TO the combining apparatus lie
Weld of the pumps or exhaus.ing apparatus
Is calculated 50 as 10 supply the gases TO the
combining apparatus ia the proportions re-
0nired fox the formation OF ammOnia--that Is
TO say, three parts Of hydrogen TO one OF nj
tngen. The combining apparatus consists of
a glass OF other tube fitted at IT'S upper END 20
fubular or other shaped box connected by
suitable pipes with the vessel containing the
hydrogen and the vessel containing the nitro
gen. In the combining apparatus ~ nelicai
wheel or fan caused to revoiye by the case;
as they pass into the tube. To the lower end
of the class tube is attached valve box, to
which il connected pipe for the exit OK the
ammonia as soon as 1t IL formed. la the sla-s
fnbe are electric wires or eonduetsis connected
to q suitable source Of electricity. The hydro
gen and the nitrogen entering the comnining
anna rstus are mixed together by the acton OF
the beiical wheel OF fan, and in the glass OF
other tube are acted upon by electricity ID we
form of electric sparks or Otherwise ana uhueI
The influence of The electricity they unite ana
form ammonia, winch as soon as IL Is iornie"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
frlLrly POSTAL cURI0SluES
Feom ID. pan Maa Gsr,,t..

The distribution OF letters - in fact one of tho
weakest points N the Italian postal Sys.em. Ex-
cept in large towns the Post OF does not profess
20 make any hOuse-tO-h0use tstribufIor az all.
cept Oh payment OF a smal lcc. generally sou Tor
each packet delivered Ia the pOstman and M the
large towns the delivery - done IN very careless
manner. The pOStman rarely takes the trouble %
climb the stars 10 the different apartments. except
inst before Christmas. bur contents himself with
leaving all the letters Tor a honse wiih p0rie-.
who delivers them whenever lie happens o. be
going M stars: If the pOrtcr u not no The way the
letters 10 back into the bag til thc next round -
made sonsisnes iest az shop near
without such wiiful intention %. thr pa>snian
ali his letters iato . sewer grazing tia. lc might
yet the s0Oncg 10 gs Christmas dipnrr The excuse
for nOu-scIycry - that ifh hefSes &C nvc or TX
stories The VOL - 100 hard iOg tie ios man but
the remedy tor that OSviciw 40 ~ OulV fair TO
sv that tie Pst Dfcr goes not Tee1gnzs this hap
hazard dlstrlDgf!DH. but c0mpainis on.y remedy
zoe evil for ne and SOM how ones lrilcgS
% miscauy more tfcgarsDy after MAKING them.
As a consequence most business hOtlses raw small
lee Ia the Pc. Diiee To save q box ~ thelt own.
INTO which al Thea letters ARE pat, and itndran IA
by messenger.
The difficulties nuf IN the way of csshing POET
Oficc OFdcls size. alsb % may be rUDed. OF oOtslB-
ing registered icftev,l are moss vrzat,ous- You
must pg0alnce - .,..asiiy yaa who -
known to The Oh silts and 81 ~ clsy 90 see n w
difficult this may 0ftrn sr. ctasrNis, a nolJli.,l
certificate required, ans shat only
the difieulty step inFtAeF.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28

constitution bears ND well against the strain.
1880 The Rev. DIR. Reeves, OF Albany, says ne
has no intention TO leave the ministry, and
that he will probably settle in .New-YOrk OF
Philadelphia. An English clergyman nc
Salisbury has introduced an innovation on the
present system of preaching, by which at
present he is reading a course OF Bishop
Jeremy TaylOrs sermons instead Of preaching
his own. his reasons beng that the Darochial
clergy have not time 10 prepare the necessary
weekly sermOn..--.. SigDOr Crassl, who WAS
formerly Canon of the church Of 81. Maria
Maggi0re nj Rome, and afterwards renOnnced
the Catholic faith. has fitted no chapel and
a Bible depository in his fathers house in Rome.
and gathered together church OF thirty mem
bers with an enrolled congregation of between
two and three hundred. A Methodist church
at Wellington, NewZealand. which cost
$4,000. and was insured tor only $4,000,
has been destroyed by ire; il viii however
be rebuilt. Leo XIII. IN recent address
speaking ct The infdelIty of the day declared
that the error which surmOunts all others and
infects the proud nteilects OF the age is " that
cold and base naturalism which has now IN
vaded all classes OF puOiic and private life.
substituting human for Divine reason, nature
for grace, and disOwning the Redeemer."
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
CROCHETED MUFF.

This is a comfortable aud pretty muif for lith
schoolgirl whose purse does not admit Of fur. With
n tine bone hook No II and gray single zephyr
wool. Of which ounces will be required. make
chain of 70 stitches First row: DC double
crochetl ending with chain. Second row: DC IN
the first DC taking up the back of The loop, winch 10
done throughout the work. take up the back OF the "a
loop. draw the wool through, pass the wool ronnu
the needle, take up the same loop again. making .
Loops on the needle in this stitch. draw the
wool through these 3. then through the on
the needle; take up the whole OF tins row III TINS
manner-3d row Plain DC worked from the back
of the loop as before. Repeat the % and 81 rows
Work = piece WIDE enough for your mnh then make
II CD For tins y0u require blue silk IN the piece
Two pairs Of black tassels some blue rbbon 10 run
in tie runner, ana sheet of waddlng. Lay the
waddlng the si1e of the piece of crochet you have
worked cover NJ on both sides with SILK, then sew
together make slot ut each outer edge sew up
TIE piece OF crochet. place 1t over tue siik run te
edges OF the crochet 10 the extreme edge Oi the so'
then pass the ribbon in add the tasseis'
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
THE BULLDOGS NOSE


Prom The London Times.
|: il admitted he IS an cxcltahle animal, and thar
when he does become angry his powers of annoy
snce are very great. lie has for instance, natural
instinct TO y at the head of every being TO WHICH
lac conceives q dIsl Ike. and to remain there steadily
fixed without regard to any cbastlsement which
NAV be inf cted on himself In the old DAYS be used
rims TO hang on by the nose of the bull which the
bulldog was trained 20 creep TO on his belly and 20
halt The reason why his nose Is retrousse IS be-
cansa those build survived which were able %
breathe while holding on to the bull To give this
facility Of respiration nose tip-tllted Ike the
metal of a flower" is necessary. Against such an
enemy the bull was almost defenceess; bnt mas
ters OF bulldogs can make the recedng Taco Of The
bulldog useful and cause him TO release his hold 10y
throwing snuff or pepper into his nose and eyes
Mr. Vcro shaw author of the excellent Practical
gu,de called The Illus rated Book of the Dog.
avs nat II the animal l. properly brought mp ana
MOI leased or irrtated he Is q noble looking ana
removable companion" The nobility hus claimed
for tne dog Is however. somewhat impaired bY H.
ungsinlv walk its short and powerful body swing
mo befyceu its out-furned shoulders, and swaying
from side 70 side az il advances. Very high values
arc aftacbed 10 dogs winch fulfil The conditions
Thought proper for bulldogs. ok hundred pounds
Ivus offered TO Captain HOdswOrth for the late I'll
Anthony "a month before that distinguished animal
hanged himself by getting from the place where be
was chained over PARTITION on the further SIDE OF
which fhrrc wae no floor high enough 10 suppOTt
him This dog was not distingu shed by the war
iiLe deeds of some of his ancestors but could Jump
fetch and carry bring basket of fruit IRON I0yeni
f,ardsn Ia his mast en- and SIT good as gold IN
carr
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
Az ASTOUNDING DISCoTEEY


From The gfoDs.
II tho latest discoveries which the eminent phil
olorist Dr. Rudolf Fab claims 20 have maize
during his linguistic researches IN SCUM Alnero"
should prove to be well founded We SHAH nave 7"
interchange the titles which We are giving az pres
enf 10 the two hemisphere. America accoTnlhe I"
DR. Falb's hypothesis. il the "Old World :; EUROPE.
Africa and Asia really constitute tie Ne" WIN.
We learn from his own summary OF ms researches
10 the NrHe Free ffeSse OF ' iehha,
that the languages spoken by the Indians In Perm ana
Bolivia especially IN Quichua ana AInarai eAnln.'
,,, ,res and particularly with the Arabc-in whcn
to,c,,e Dr Fab himself has been skilled from his
H.. liz n9. f,nnd Il connecting INK with the
Arran roots aud ~ has ultimately rived lace 20
face with the surprising reyeiAi,. m, tnas ne
sfsus ot ali the variants found IN theit pues.
Condition in Quichua and Aimara, from which i9ct
DIR Falb derives the conclusion INA, ne nish pai,s
IS parn and Bolivia must De r. gardec "a the point
of exit OF the present human race. 20 Adam Was ah
A rr
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE.
AN INSECT THAT LIKES Gt-TrApsRcHa.

AN INSECT THAT LIKES GUTTAPERCHA.
In his lectures before the Society of Arts on
the recent advances in teleeraphy. Mr.. ". IL.
IRE ce, the electrician TO the British PoslQfiice
Department, pointed out some of the rtl1ous
accidents to which guttapercha- wires
were liable GuttaIercba covered wires. he
said. - would be very well If they would last.
But, unfortunately, guitapeTcha il a gun that
only appears To last when in water. In water
it apparently is indrstructible Cables that
were laid IN 1871. and have been brou ght up
within recent date. are now as good as the
day when first put down. But when gutta-
percha becomes exposed to the air. 10 the al
formations OF climate, especially when exposed
to the action Of the sun, II decays very rap
idly II oxidizes and becomes n kind of re-
sin that can easily be crumbied into a snuff
like substance. Many attempts have been
made To protect L., and 10 arrest this rapid de-
cay. 1T has been surrounded bv tape soaked
Win tar. Tar itself has been found to be in
furious, and has been supplanted by other
materials. but at the present moment we have
DOT yet succeeded IN finding anything that rem
ders guitapercha indestructible. Ia fact, when
exposed to air, a when suspended in tunnels il
seems TO have a life of about ten years when
aid down IN our iron pipes. under the influ-
ence OF the variations of temperature and
moisture that exist there ii seems to last about
twenty years. but In the sea. where Il is ex-
posed 10 equable temperature aud equal condi
lions, II apparently seems capable Of lasting
forever. There are many curious accidents
and causes OF interruption TO working that we
meet with III our guttapercha-cOv wires,
and one of the strangest Is one of the last
that we have discovered. We have found IN
many places that this guttapercha is apparent
~ gradually eaten away. IL seems 10 go not
unlike the way in which open-air wires rust
away; and this curious action only occurs in
certain places. In certain parts of the
country, North Wales, Dublin. Kent. and
IN one part and another, we have
found this curious action going on
ana careful examination and inspection under
the microscope have led us unmIstakabiy TO
conclude that it is due TO something or other
eating away the guttapercha. Curiousy
enough, wherever we have detected this action
taking place, there also We have found swarns
of very minute insect, very little thing,
belonging 10 what Is called the sprIng-taIl
tribe Ii is little white fellow that you can
scarcely see, and when You do see him he seems
conscious OF the fact, FOR he Immediately dis
appears with sprug. IL is the IempleiORid
crystalline. IL abOunds in swarms in certain
soils, and seems to have great liking fOr
guttapcrcha. IL does not remain near the
wire when it has eaten its way through. bur,
apparently. Immediately retIres when II
touches the wire, as though il had received
shock, and makes sudden retreat. IL l. n
curious fact, and until recently il was I'M
known, that any living creature had Il taste
for guttapercha.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
OUEER TALES or AFRICA.
Inn IN, pm Nslr car.t,e.


The COmic dc Semelle, who mas recently returned
from the banks OF the Niger whittier he was sent
when Marshal MacMahon was President OF the
French Republic, has just published Few more
chapters OF bis startling narrative. The Connt saws
THAT on reaching LOkOdZt be offered TIE sultan ~
that place cotton goods. wherein his Majesty
sh0ufed " | an great Sultan, and not dog! |
don't want vonr presents: give me snn and rum =
The CONT thoughi he was going 10 be aSsasslnated
bu, he forced his interpreter 20 say he was not Eng
lish Int French thar he bad never been received
before bv such a dog that he feared neither lire
nor DOisOp, ETC. TINS language having sObeTed the
sultan the Count gave him bottle OF gin, which
produced another ~ nf delirium tremens. The
Count adds that the Sultan n completely g6fHf, and
that he has M authority his subjects, who have
imposed upon him a Parliament with winch be
gets drunk fr,,m morning till evening
At Onitcha the Count cane across several EDg-
hSh establishments. and be complains that our
eountrvnen were rather jealous Of MIN, and were
mere inclined to throw obstacles in hts way than to
help him on his road Higher up the country. m
the count try the tchi- the Count nearly saw his
travels brought 10 IN abrupt conclusion. However
the King. after staying before hun 100 human vic
fins and examining their entrails. declared them
favorable and made the Count present Of twenty
wives The 100 victims we're cut up into small
pieces winch were distributed through the gIty,
and the Count. who dined with the sultan in the
evening WINS obliged to est a morsel and Ia take
draughf Of human biood. Fortunately, he was able
10 con, Jude his rppast with fruit and palm wine.
The Count writes ciowinxly Of tho natural wealth
OF be country. which evidently requires n good
deal 1f opening I'd.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
cHIRIcrEG ~ r0IcEs.

Prom sps,tins AaSsns'res = ne - Ee't; Ao,.,u
Ihavr noticed a. fact tGs-t strucf me a. peing
-, fhot the brayest and large 4 wild -nimals
pi,yavs lad deep voices ard that they were gener-
aiiv melodIOus full of music ~ 1t were; while the
r,slI inv which would run frou. common eur nnd
s1nh sh,rn voiceS ! have hnuted with son . OK the
srsTsst men. the best scputs and the most famous
Snntsys in the West. aud found tina a,ey also had
s su zone. "a a rule ard deine,>1 ON tbs that
Lea ~ 80 or,ler of animals thcse thi3 we're brDse
snd daring were also deep in voice. n,1 that their
,ntanaiions never Jared on tine ear. Nshfn saw
thaf fine heroes ma sn opera wers 20 q, u stfueh
49,. a. an odd idea that thii-vDccd ANIMALS were
seI,iom 10 courageous actual he a. tnsir deeper
toned congeDers and ths has caused Et w ekpfrss
hstbsr n /. a u,sre artificial system OF display
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
cyP1,s NITrEN.-CROCHET.


E.s. Washington writes In the last number OF
Tx WEEKLY. r. NJ Jones wishes directions for
crocheting a firm. strong mtten for girls ms Is
the hest mittsu I know Of for durability and
warmth
Two ounces brown gray or red CASHMERE WOOL
a Steel rrorhe+-h hook OF medium size. Make chain
of 80 stitches this will fit lady who wears NO O-2
KID glovc) ION the ends OF the chain anu GU
Chef rows around. ;. Z. ldngie eroen ',, 0o;t
widen 10y crochoting stitches IN l. theh p,,aiin'
and widen again; rest of row PLAIN 4ih row pIdsnj
18th row widen opposite the LIST widening IN 81
row. crochet 3 plain aud widen again rest piain'
9th TOw plain. 9TH row, widen a. oelJle: o.
posite the starting point. and crOchet -
plain between the wldenlhsS 1uue -.
time every other row plain and every o,hI
row widening twice increasing the number OF pam
stitches between By every time, nuii 'h' i. .
u rows i % when the number OF stitches pc'"ON'
the widenings viii be ID; JON Tue LII
Ten ,xE4re tie last two wideDingS occur
by ara,gluc tn, wool once through on the nook
Crochet the rest Of Inc mitten plain uhil ~ iste
the end Of the little finger IN lengIh' intro" w. ' 81
side bv skipping one stitch ana draw ine Wo'i
Tight, a. 70 leave hole. Mario" only W.T.
IL the Grst row. then one row pialntwc 10 ie leAl
row. and after that shape II 10 tlic ha1d ny hai.
ing more frequently Ia row until II ~ Amos, CON-
pleted ThsD narrow every few stitches. Nhrli
reduced to an opening not longer thah Inc emu o
the finger take large needle turn the initte 1uu
finish OF neatly BY DRAWN up the refnainlngstitfhes
aud fastening firmly. Join on the wool again AT
the opening left for the thumb, and shape II 10 the
size 81 fhe thumb fastening on a. before ~,
This makes A very warm. strong lnitten when
will wear Tar several seasOns. For "A smaller
nitten start with shorter chain, Wnich NAY
be measured around the wrist, and ciochet Only %
p or 10 rows before Joining for the tnuD. accoia
fshed OF with crachetea r1I.fe on two, ar tne NIT
ten may be commenced with knitfed wr'stlet :
plain aud puri. two or three inches long casting
81 and then crochsting tho hr-t 10" 'pto Inc
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28

From The Ner York EnrnriHrr and Caro4fcif B0pff)
4 rel giOrs paper quotes Goa rasis made D. one
OF the New-lcgk dailles. M til years Income OF
certain notable preachers and notable actors. The
disparity Is great ~ tn he f0ur or nv times IN
favor IF the actors. Bat what Of ~ What lesson
does n teach Because star acror can make
800 900 a year does 10 follow that Dr. Hall ought
~ bolt against receiving less than sixth part OF
TIE amount tor serving the Fifih Avenue Presby-
further and say that bt~ Wall->treet man made
half a million If dollar In the stock operations Of
uQle week. that. therefore, Is unjust that man
Ike DR.. Hall, who knows 4 great deal more than
the Wall-Street man. should work hard the wh0is
year tor almost nothing Ia COMPARISON with that
weeks profits
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
LAWS DFYrEn At cHr-Pcu Fsrps


The recent Old south fair this city afforded IN
other illustration of the scanfaous manner IN which
good morals snd the laws of the state are often de-
fed Not only gambling IN the form OF railing
carried on freely, but 10 was understood 20 repre-
sent the deliberate policy 1T the Managers. 10
would he hard 10 fnd a more fragrant violation ~
gambling IN question The facts are rhe NOR ~cri-
Ous because ~ Il common occurrence for North
End gamblers IN he arrested and punished by
courts. They are no more really guilty than thCss
concerned ~ the raiflcs 0f our popular fairs tie
difference being thar the latter better dressed
aud hold pcws IN fashionable churches We trust
fhat the Rev. Henry Morgan's efforts 10 secure
proper respect far the law regarding these matters.
viii be cnmn-efrly and nor-n-n-nllE snrces.fnl.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-12-28
NAKED EYE OBSERVATIONS OF STARS.

In an interesting article in Science for Al
Mr. W. L. Dennng. an English member of
the Royal Astronomical Society. with an eye
sight almost rs keen ~ that OF Professor
Burnham of Chicago, points out several cees-
tlal objects as a test of unalded VISION. One
of these Is, of course, the Pleiades, or seven
sisters, which CROSSES the meridian now about
pm. To ordinary vision. only six stars are
visible in this group. MOestiin, the Rreceptor OF
Keper, saw fourteen. a very good eye now
can detect eleven. Mr. Dcnning can see
thirteen, and on one clear night counted four
teen while a telescope reveals from
fifty to a hundred, according To It's power.
Another object of some interest ~ naked-eye
observers is the middle star in the tail OF the
Great Bear, which has small companion,
named AlcUr close TO it. IL WIS called
"SIdakr by the Arabs. slgmfying the
Tester" for Ii was customary amongst them
To test man power Oi slShl 10y IL hum
boldt. In his kOsmOs,' says that he has seen
the smaller star with great d,sunctness every
evening on the ralilcss coast OF Cunlaua, but
has recognized II only rarely and uncertainty
in Europe. Observers, says MI. DeuhIng'
however, Will ind no difficulty in seeing the star,
for II Is remarkably easy Object, and. at the
present time, certainly no test oil VISION. IL
may possibly have become brighter than II
formerly wa-, for II Is now extremely PLAIN, even
III uufavOrabie conditions of the atmosphere.
There Is a third and fainter star near 1t which
really forms very difficult object 10 reach
with the naked eye. The moons OF Jupiter
form another and severe test fOr The pow
ers OF tine naked eye, Tor though they nave
been undoubtedly detected without telescopes.
yet they are very FAINT and being Immersed
IN the planets rays, are almost wholly over
powered, except at the time OF greatest clOn-
CATION, when two of them (the third and tourti)
being occasionally IL conjunction, afford capt.
TAI opportunity Tor testing the VISION. these
little moons are generally IL line with each
other, though not invariably all visible,
for they suffer numerous echpses and allied
phenomena. A. TO Jupiter himself. lie Is often
perceptiOle IN daylight. Bond has often seen
hun with the naked eye II nigh anu clear sun
slime. and Mr.. Denning has observed tue planet
several times half an hour after sunrise. venus
is always a conspicuous object III the daytime,
when her position IS sufficiently distant from
the sun. Sir. Denning has frequently seen this
planet at noon, shining very strongly, and she
has been similarly noticed by many people.
In fact there is no difficulty whatever III See
ing this beautiful planet IN the daytr II the
posltIon is pretty well known, and care Is taken
fo mike the observation from place where
the suns direct rays are Intercepted and can
not dazzle the eye.