The New York herald., 1879-11-16
ITALY AND THE ITALIANS.


ADoLPHus TRoLLoPE ON THE POLITICAL PROS
pEcTs OF THE KINGDOM CHURCH. AND
sTATE-THE CLERICAL PARrY-rHE TEN
PoRAL POWER.
In the current number Of tho British Quarterly Re-
there is one of those able articles national
questions for which that periodical has latterly be-
famous. The article referred to is devoted to
consideration of the present condition and future
prospects OF the Italian Kingdom. and is from the
skful pen Of Adolphus Trollope. Mr. Trollopes long
residence in Italy. extending decades his
intimacy with its people, his close and correct
study of its affairs political and religious. well
as his known fairness and impartiaity. invest
his views and opinions with more than ordinary
Importance. Mr.. Trollope Is ono of those who
hoped great things from tho unihcation of ITALY,
who rejoiced the expulsion of the Bourbons
and the Hapsburg Lorraines from the Italian penin
sula. and who triumph in the transfer Of the
scat of tho national government from Turin to
Florence, and from Florence to Rome. The result,
however, after nine years of experience. hardly JUS
tfes the expectations which he and many others
like him had formed. He admits that progress has
been made, but it has been slow; and while he con-
cedes that Italy has before her prospects of almost
boundless magniAcence" he sees dangers ahead
which may rob her of her great opportunity.
POLITICAL PARTIES ITALY.
To many readers tho article of Mr.. Trolope will be
interesting chiefly because of the clear light which
it sheds political parties in Italy-their charac-
ter their aims and tendencies His wledge of his
subject is thorough. OF the movement which con-
verted a congeries of separate weak and petty
States into mighty kingdom he has clear concep-
tion himself and he clearly mparts that conception
to others Italy had not. like most other States.
grow up from infancy. On the contrary she
| sprang. like Pallas. mature and fully de-
| ve!oped. from the brain OF Jupiter. Such
mode of generation has its advantages.
but it has also its disadvantages. These latter are
more prominently and conspicuonsly revealed in
politics than in any other feature of the national
life Revolution rebellion secret association,
| spiracy-these were the fostering nurses which
the revoutionists the rebels the conspirators
patriots For the sake of the which they had
OF them sacrificed both. 1t was not unnatural for
| them to look for their reward. The burden and
also also tho succeeding rest Unhappily. however.
for them, at least. they not the kind of men
needed when the work had been so far advanced.
Good enough for the kind of work which had to be
done when the vessel was yet unlaunched they were
unequal to the duties which had to be performed
when she was fairly aaoat. Able governors. skful
administrators were needed; and these
| but rarely made of the same stuff conspira-
tors. rebels and revolutonists. Since the COM
mencement of this state of things. and
during the last nine years. there have been in Italy
liberals For tho most part the moderates have
ruled Looking outside the arena of actual politics
there is to be found a third party--a party which
has been sngulary inactive. and inactive princi-
pie for the last nine years. but which has
theloss grown strong. and is becoming moro
of the national life of Italy. There are
tho Tuscans. who regret. the easy sway
Bourbons. and that large body Of people confined
section. but scattered all over Italy, who cannot
and who will not forgive the House of Savoy and
the Italian government for having despoiled the
Pope of his provinces and robbed him Of his tenn
Is called the S.ch or clerical party and the MOI
dorre of this party is that given by Plus TX. when
he was stripped OF his provinces "Ne etet ne eie'-
establishment OF the national government in Rome,
refused TO take any active part in politics. They
would be neither elected nor electors.
CLERICAL PARTY AIMS.
Mr.. Trollope is at considerable pains to point
leaders of the clerical party advent to
power of the present Pope. Leo XIII. He docs SO
is not consistent with infaIlibiiity and that any
change is in progress or meditated by the
party in question is vigorously denied by the cleri
cal journal. 1t Is undenable, however. that Pope
Leo is in favor Of policy which shall bring to
an end this long continued inactivity and
place the chair of St. Peter in har-
mony with the spirit Of the nineteenth century,
and that time advances he is fnding himself less
and less alone and therefore moro and more able to
prosecute n coarse conduct which, in his judg-
ment, shalt be found to be for the we-being OF the
wide world over. 1t can ea-ily be understood that
this strengthening process will proceed Mt accee
become filled
with the men OF his own appointment rather than
with those who their places to his predecessor
Mr.. Trollopo ventures to summarize the policy which
finds favor with the present Pope and which,
sooner or later. will find expression through the ac
tion of the clerical party. The temporal sovereignty
OF the popes was given to them by Divine
Providence. II so given for the benefit of
KIND and mankind would be unspeakably benefited
by its restoration. This restoration, It is inpossi-
bic to doubt, will be accomplished in Gods good
time. How such contamination will be brought
about we do not know can forcsee. Neither can
we hast & therefore. 10 ms tn
utilize position and our energies for the
pora as well as the eternal welfare OF mankind by
exercising our spiritual power In making war not
against the civil power. but against the subversvc
agencies which arc menacing society. And for the
better succeeding in this work II Ia desirable
that we should rather cooperate with than
oppose the civil government de fdcto estab-
ton does not involve any measure hostile to
the interests of religion and the Church, Not
will agree with this presentation tho
of the Vatican; but must take them for what
they arc worth In coming from who fully
% 9nuers'an"s ., .he peopie Oh lay and who is cvi
what he believes to be the truth. 1t is well under
stood he tells us. that the policy embodied in the
Of the Church. aud IL Is not doubted that before
another election shall tako place the order will be
given for concerted action and all necessary prepare
tons made for demonstration at the polls.
SOURCES OF STRENGTH OF THE CLERICAL.
PARr1.
II is well known that the present Ministry Of the
LETT stands pledged to introduce measure for the
extension OF the electoral sufrage sooner or later
some such measure will be introduced and as in any
measure of electoral reform which may be intro
duced there must be lowering Of the standard, It
tho voters will be ON the side OF the clericais.
This, however, is not all. There is large num-
Der of fcderalists In Italy. who in principle arc
opposed TO too much centrslization and Who pre-
fcrring rcpublicanism to the existng arrangement
would wish to see the political institutions OF their
country modelled on that of Switzerland. There are
also, has been mentioned above. the adherents Of
the disposscsscd policy. All these desire change
not II is true for the samo rcwson-but tbey desire
change; and II is because there isa possibility of a