The daily gazette., 1879-07-11

population is negro or mulatto. There
are seventeen newspapers Of all kinds in
Delaware, and 252 churches or nearly as
many as were in Kansas, and half as
many AZ California. The strong current
of Delaware society are still religious
aud agricultursl-thats same which Hill
dreth quantity described as living in the
quietistic theory, leaving politics to
worldly men or the providence Of God,
and making 1t their prominent idea, not
save themselves.
No adequate idea can be conveyed of
Delaware State without considering "the
peninsula" as thai great swimming piece
of land and archipelago is called, which
is bounded by the Delaware and Cbesa-
peake and ocean and comprises parts Of
three States, the whole cut off by a canal
from the Delaware highland. This pc
ninsula of which the tail is Virginia and
the two lobes Delaware and Mary land,
was first settled in Shakspeare's dav.
While the Delaware portion Of 1t had
the most royal conception, and sprang,
like Minerva from Jove's bI ain, from the
head of Gustavus the Great, Delaware
alone has probably less individuality
and less aristocratic characters than Ell
ther of its associate parts.
THE ORIGINAL SETTLES.
Histor ically, Delaware and Maryland
are the only original States of the Union,
except New York, which were conquests
from their original set lers. Delaware
was seized by the Dutch from the Swedes,
and by the English from the Dutch
Maryland was revolutionized by the Puri-
tans, and the Catholic capital finally
abandoned and the proprietors had to
apostatize to keep their revenues. Two
widely different men planned these States
at very early period in American colo
nization. TIE maritime Dutch, who were
pioneers in interpretations of trading
companies, suggested to the great King
Of Sweden, at Stockholm, that be also
form a West India Company, and he
granted charter for 1t in 1926, tsfOr the
spread of the holy gospel and the pros
perity of our Subjects" Being engaged
in war with the Catholic powers OF Eu-
opa, Gustavus Adolphus failed TO carry
out his plan, and the Dutch, meantime,
made temporary settlement at Lewes,
Delaware, in 1882, and the same year
Charles l., King Of England, made out
a pa ent for Mary yland to Lord Cecil Bal
timore, who obtained 1t, like William
Penn, on account of the services of his
father. These two coneeivers OF great pro-
vinces died The same year-l632-G
Adolphus on the battle field of Lutzen,
| and Lord George Baltimore in the city
| of London. Two years afterward Leo
nard, the brother Of Lord Cecil Calvert,
| sailed in two vessels with more than 300
persons and four priests, and founded
the now extinct town of st. Mary's, near
the mouth of the Potomac river. A Vir-
| sinian, named Clayborne, had previous
| ly settled at Kent Island, on the eastern
side of the bay, and both Maryland and
planted on the Eastern Shore peninsula.
THE SWEDISH SETTLERS
Four years after st. Mary's was settled,
the Swedes also sent two ships and fif-
| ty persons, in 1888, to make an establish
ment on the Delaware. They sailed in
to the little river Christina and built
| fort on the site of Wilmington, which
| they ,lled In honor of their Queen, the
| daughter of Gustavus, Christina-ham.
| The Dutch had already settled on the
Jersey shore, aud they protested with
reason against the occupation of a re-
| gion they had discovered nineteen years
before. The Virginians also resented the
foundation of another province on the
| foundation of another province on the
Chesapeake; and strife followed in both
colonies. Governor Peter Stuyvesant,
of New York. personally built fort on
tha site OF New Castle, within four miles
of the Sweedes, in 1861, and four years
afterward the Swedes surprised and
took it, on which Stuyvesant came with
an expedition of seven vessels and 700
men and captured both New Castle and
Wilmington. There were only, 400 or
500 Swedoa in the colony. Thus the
| Swedish dominion lasted only nineteen
years, but many descendants Of the
Swades still inhabit the shores of the
Delaware.
The Dutch had more energy and
home support than the Swedes, and
they held the conntry nine years, when
an English expedition of four vessels
and three hundred soldiers captured all
the Dutch possessions in North America
taking Newcastle by storm. In the
year 1903 there lived on the Delaware
only 945 persons of Swedish stock, many
of them with Dutch names; for after
the English conquest the Netherlanders
| intermarried. John Morton who signed
he Declaration Of Independe nee for
Pennsylvania. was one Of the few dis
tingllished men of Swedish origin. He
| died of the'novelty of mental anxiety the
year after he performed the act. There
exist but two human relics of the Swedes
in Delaware, an old ruined house in
Newcastle and the removed church at
Wilmington, built long after the double
conquest, or in 1903. "We plow and
sow and till the ground, and as to our
meat and drink, we live according to the
old Swedish custom. Our wives and
daughters employ themselves in spin
nlng wool and flax and weaving.
We have been well and kindly treated
as well by the Dutch as by his Majesty
the King of England, our gracious soy.
ereign. The country is rich and fruit
full" So wrote Charles Springer to the
Postmaster of Gottenburg, 1892. Two
hundred and fifty-six years afterward
Jenny Lind was given reception by the
descendants of the Swedes at the Church
of Weccacoe.
GROWTH OF MARYLAND
The Marylanders had already made
several dem ands for Delaware, as part
of Lord Baltimore's grant, and had men.
aced New Castle; but the address of the
Dutch was such that no wars broke out,
and many Swedes, liking the Euglist
better than the Dutch, settled on the
Chesapeake waters, on the Elk and Sas
safras. The Dutch commander visited
the Governor of Maryland on Bohemis
In state to New Castle. After the Eng
| Neh caDtvrad th. Da1awarn unapv Dutch