davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

APPLYING MANUREs.-" Do you mean
% say that the manure which Is lying In
ny yard since last summer. has lost nearly
Ill which was good for anything in it3
lsked the old gentleman.
Il should say it had lost all it ever had,
remarked Mr.. Martin; II saw il yesterday
With foot of water over part of it, and n
stream Of water soaking from 1t down thu
lill into the road"
=" Yes; the wind tore the spouts off the
arn. and we have been too busy to pul
hem up again"
"Well, all that water has probably wash
ID ont of your manure the whole of th'
soluble organic and mineral matter, leav
ng it destitute Of any Immediately avail
.ble fertillizing properties;" remarked
DR.. Jones.
I" Made it good for nothing, or next to
hat, said Mr.. Martin.
IF You had used that manure yea
go when it was fresh you would hav'
,aved every portion Of it," said |; an
his puts the case very well; for the fresh
manure which | am now hauling out from
he cellar and blowing under for corn, il
'afe and cannot loose n particle of its value
tnyhow, even should the corn not get tn
whole benefit this year; while if | hu
sept it as you did yours, for year,
night have lost nine tcnths of its value NJ
the worst and two thirds of it Mt the best
Ind if | kept it only three months. it would
still lose very considerably. In using fresh
manure we get the whole of its value H.
he end, without doubt; but in keeping i
'ver, we lose portion and get the rest in
more quickly available. condition"
" Then you think it best to use the
manure as soon as it is made" said Mr.
Martin,
1t depends upon circumstances.
would not like to say that positively.
think it best for me and for any other
laryman. Some time ago | was at II
large dairy farm in Westminster county
N. Y where 200 cows were kept, and a
wagon WAS kept in the cellar under the
trap to receive the manure from the gutter
rs il was raked out every day. and as soon
rs it was loaded. it was drawn away to
the field and spread either upon the grass
or upon plowed ground and narrowed in
for fodder corn. There was nothing LOST
here, certainly; all that was in the
manure was put to use ut once. But u
practice, however good, cannot always b.,
used in all cases; and some farmers must
10 the best they can, although they lose
something by it,
Just as did," replied the old gentle.
man.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

GAPEs IN CHICKS Last summer had
two hens come off AT the same time; they
were grade Brahmas and good mothers
each had sixteen chickens, and | resolved
to raise the chickens if care would do it,
| had box of I-ang's grape remedy. and
used 1t according to directions. We cooped
them away from the other chickens. One
of the coops was moved every few DAYS
They stood on the edge of partially
shaded grass plat, and joining one freshly
plowed. They were fed every morning
with hot mush made of corn and oat.
ground together. The resi- of the time
they had curd, bread and scraps. They
ha all tie sour milk they could drink
and access to fresh water ut all times
They were never allowed to get wet or he
out in storm. Tley were so tame they
could be handled at any time, and | never
could discover Il trace of vermin on them
And yet, after growing as fast rs chickens
could till ne rly fatened, they commenced
10 cape and die in spite of me. One OF
the hens gave up in disgust, and weaned
her chickens, just at the commencement
of rain, and in spite of all | could dc
before it cleared off, the last one died
The other one said, as plainly rs actions
could say. that she WAS going to do all
that a hen could do TO help me raise these
chickens. And she did; she ran with
them and took care of them TIL they were
big enough to hroil, and with my best
help she raised three. No, don't know
what TO do for gapes. wish l did
Correspondent Of Ohio Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

A. w. Cheever, Esq, the editor of the
New England Farmer IN reply to a cor.
respondent asking information concerning
n farmers liability for stock breaking into
his field and eating potato tops with Paris
green sauce, gives the following in reply
This question of liability for damage
caused by the poisoning of cattle which
break into your potato field, is, however,
as it seems TO us, by no means an intricate
one, 1t is q fundamental principle in law
that the owner of animals must both FRO
tect and restrain them. When you be-
come the owner of an animal you are ex-
pected to shelter and feed that animal at
your own expense, and not at the expense
of your neghbor. So when YOU build a
stlll. shed, barn Or fence it is for the
purpose of keeping your own cattle in a
safe and comfortable place, and not for
keeping your neighbours cattle away. II
is his business to do that, provided he has
any cattle 10 keep. If he has no cat, lie
he should certainly not be taxed for
fencing in or providing in any way for
yours.
If you choose to use your land for grow
ing potatoes, while your neighbor uses his
for plsturing animals. your duty to him or
the public does not require you to keep
watch over his cattle. That is his bust.
ness. In the present state of public
opinion potato bugs have no rights which
potato growers are bound to respect, fur
ther than this, that all animal life has u
claim upon man LAT when for The protec.
ton of himself 1t becomes necessary to
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

At one of the agricultural meetings last
winter we had little pleasant b.dnage
with Alr Byron o. Ruggles of Hartland
concerning the amount of corn whichwould
be destroyed in cultvating, he making the
assertion (if we remember rightly that
he could cultivate his corn driving his own
horse and not destroy a single hill the
whole season. We expressed some doubt
on the point, but Mr.. Ruggles has the best
of the controversy, rs the following note
will show
MY DEAR SIR:--I have cultivated
two acres of corn over six times this sea-
son, at the rate of eight acres per day, and
my old colt has not yet destroyed single
HILL
Which shows that there is difference
in horses as well as in tie men who handle
them.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

DOES Poultry PAY?-It is often asked
" Does Poultry PayP" and as often
answered through the columns of the
leading agricultural journals, and we
often hear the question asked, "What
Breed Shall we Keep" and as their
name has got 10 be legion, l should say
that any breed pays that is well taken
care of. l find the Black Poland to he
very good layers and strictly non settlers !;
| have kept them for about year, and
have yet to learn the first instance where
one has so much rs CLICKED. / would
advise no one to keep more than twenty
of any breed together. and that those be.
kept in comfortable quarters with plenty
of light and air. With my hens have
not kept debt or credit, but have forty.
six ducks which have laid since March
10th, up to this date, two hundred and
,ixty-fve dozen. and are still laying well :;
| am feeding them six quarts of corn n
day; they have access TO the salt water
The ducks | speak of are the common
duck crossed with the Pekin; it is the
opinion of the writer that ducks in
proper locality might be made to pay as
well it not better than hens. -Correspond-
ent Of Massachusetts Ploughnlan.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02
a" The Bugs"

The two topics of-present and pressing
importance on the farm are "haying" and
1.-The bugs" The first is coming righI
along, and we know that before this meets
the eye of the reader, large part of the
hay on some farms will he housed in the
barn.
With some dairy farmers of our ac'
qrlintance who believe in early cut hay
d spite the assertions of some analysts
that late cut " just as good, the cutting
of the new stock " was well under way
on he Goth of June. We think it will dc
now TO hurry it right along. But "THF
BUGs."
The old beetles, in Numbers far exceed
ing what we have ever had before, have
been here, laid their eggs in myrads oil
the leaves of potatoes, barn grass and
even tomatoes, and have mainly disappear
ed. These eggs are now Matching, and
the nasty. Shiny slugs are commencing
their work of destruction. 1t seems to US
settled fact that hand picking is ineffect-
ual to protect, and Paris green seems to
be the main hope for the crop, Paris
green is subtle, deadly poison, owing tc
the presence of arsenic, which enters
largely into Its composition, and like other
metallic poisons, most deadly. OF course
all stock must be kept from fields on which
it is applied. and we prefer its application
in water The best way we have found is
to make thin flour starch in necessary
quantity, strain it to have no Jumps, and
add to each pail Of water in which the
green is used two or three quarts of thi,
thin starch. There are lots of patent
traps for applying the fluid, but a common
watering pot is as good as any Of them
though the sprinkler should be smaller
than the one commonly used in the garden.
and the holes finer. If the holes are
larger the work will be done more ia pdly,
and the waste OF the green will be greater.
We have used in applying liquid poisons u
pail and a small broom, which is dipped
in the water and then shaken on the plants
which we find to be the most economical
mode of application. The addition of the
starch will hold the solution on the leaf
more perfectly, as it forms coating on
the leaf in drying, and which will take
quite shower 10 wash off.
Try the starch and the brush broom, and
don't buy patent traps thinking them to
be neceesary-unless you want to.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

A KANSAS WoMAN's FARM.-Mr
tioadley showed US yesterday some heals
of wheat. a sample OF forty-fye acres. now
growing on the farm of Mrs. Mary
Macutchen, situated about five miles from
his city. 1t promises to yield twenty
bushels to the acre. This Mrs Macutchen
Is somewhat remarkable woman. She
was left widow with four children more
han ten years ago. In 1874. when half
he people were scared out of their wits by
he grasshoppers, she contracted for AT,
lnimproved farm for $500. which she
.tve to one of her boys. She has since
paid for the land from the surplus products
Il her own farm of one hundred and
wentv acres. Last year she bought tie
Bob Allen farm of one hundred and fifty
'cres, at the price of $500, one-fourth OF
which she has already paid. and will pa,
'ver the other fourth from the crops Of
his year. She runs her farm with the
III OF her two sons. and without much
tired help. This is good example OF
What has been done in The midst of what
IRE called hard times in Klnsas by a will
Nv left with II family of children and NJ
resources but her farm of one hundre,
md twenty acres.-LdUrence (Ransas)
Journal.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

HEALTH OF HOUSES. -The health and
'omfort of horses have of late years been
realty improved by the better construc-
ion of stables. They are made more
'oomy and lofty, and provided with mean,
II thorough ventilation. Ia many new
stables lofts are done away with. or the
loor of the loft is kept we'll above the
lorses heads, and ample shafts are intro
'iuced to convey away foul air. By per.
forated bricks and gratings under the man
gers, and elsewhere round the walls, and
'ny by windows and ventiators, abund
lnce of pure air is secured for the horses
while being introduced in moderate,
lmoun', aud from various directions.
comes in without draught. Too much
drought is almost an unknown stable lux
nry. 70 secure a constant supply of pur
,ir. horses require more cubic space thai
they generally enjoy. Even when animal,
ire stabbed only at night, minimum OF
one thousand two hundred cubic fee
SHOULD be allowed. In England the new
cavalry barracks give minimum of on,
thousand five hundred cubic feet, with (,
ground area of fully ninety square fee
per horse; and the best hunting and car
riage horse stables have more room.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

GOOD BREAD.-As was one day din
ing with friend, said TO him. Your
wife makes good bread" II shouldn't
have kept her if she didn't" was the ready
response. Now il would have been most
too had 10 dismiss one who had already
become his wife for no other fault than thai
she failed to- make good bread. And vet
it must be confessed that it is serious
fault; and every young man in pursuit of
a wife would do we'll to make requisite
that she shall he skilled in the art Of
making bread. Three times a day during
all his married life will be want on his
table this "staff of life" And it is an es.
sential thing that this indispensable arti.
Gle of cookery be well made. The pies
and cakes are secondary consideration
These may he dispensed with, but not the
"daiy bread" Every mother owes it to
her daughters that she will instruct them
in the department of household duties.
Better that they know less of music and
French and dress and fashion than DO def
cient here. IL man has wife that
daily furnishes his table with bread well
made and we'll baked. so let him be thank
full. If such man be morose and fault
finding, / will not say that he deserves
his bread to be dough, for no man deserves
that. but l will sly that be deserves no
bread at all. Pork and potatoes and beans,
without any bread at all, are good enough
for him.-Record and burner,
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02
IMPROVEMENT OF MERINo SHEEP

IMPROVEMENT OF MERINo SHEEP
There is probably no kind of farm stock
in which SO great improvements have
been made in the last forty years.
Many have the impression that the
Merino, as imported from Spain during
the first twelve years of the present cen
fury, was an animal that combined great
variety of excellencies, and could compare
favorably with specimens of the breed rs
improved by the skill eff the best breeders
OF the last fifty years; such, however, is
very far from the truth. 1t is certain
that the very best Merino imported from
Spain fell far short of combining the
many excellent qualities that are possess.
ell by the average Merino sheep; thai
while possessing the blood of his imported
ancestors, has been so greatly improved
by the skill of prominent breeders of this
most valuable of all breeds of sheep
There is probably no valuable point in
these sheep that has not been reached BY
the breeder in these improvements; we
speak now of the best specimens we now
have where the skill of our breeders has
been exercised with judgment to keep the
improvements well balanced, and not to
attain one good guilty at the expense OF
some other and equally important, some.
times more valuable characteristic. This
disposition of many breeders TO improve
some one point, losing sight of other ex-
cellent ones, has greatly hindered, per-
haps. the general improvement of the
mass of Merino sheep. although breeders
Of judgment and skill have undoubtedly
taken advantage of the great improve
ments reached by these improvers in some
single line. and by uniting these various
excellencies have been able to produce
some very excellent and valuable sheep,
and by continued exercise of the same
skill and judgment have been able to
permanently fix and harmonic these
several Improvements, and make it posi-
bile to perpetuIte them with uniformity,
but the breeders are very scarce that have
been able 10 show an Improvement thr ugh
Il large number of generations, where
combining themselves to the family they
first adopted. and especially where they
confined themselves strictly to their own
flock. without introducing occasionally
blood from some other.
In order to show more fully the great
Improvement that has been made in this
race or breed of sheep, we propose to
publish series of articles from time TO
lime, illustrated with engravings that will |
show many of the improvements that
have been made, while facts and figures |
we shall give will more fully prove the
emainder.-Mddiebury Register.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

What are you going to do with that
piece of moving where there will not be
more than half crop of hay, which needs
blowing and manuring? We have cut
what grass there was on it in good season,
and th' n plowed itand sowed India wheat
This ripens early, and mtkeS good feed
IN lattcn the pigs in the fall Or, if You
want more fodder, you may plow, and
SOW NJ leL as late ne the 10Th with profit
tho ii Il few days earlier would be better
If ~ happen 10 have some fine manure,
II 20 spread on and narrowed in will
y ) he crop amazing y ii millet is sowed,
India wheat will not need it on ordinarily
good meadow.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

A New Product FROM BEETs.-The
wonders OF nature are amazing, and we
have to thank chemistry for presenting to
US the extraordinary disclosures made
through constant experimenting in the
laboratory. The common sugar beet.
erewhile mere food for cattle, was with.
IN The memory of some persons yet living,
discovered to contain IL pure. crystalliz ,ble
sugar. After many years labor Il success
iul process Was invented to utilize this
discovery, and now hot far from one thou
sand million tons of beet sugar IRE made
annually in Europe, with vast, indeed
incalculable, profit to agriculture. Bu,
sugar is not the only product of this
holnely root. A great quantity of mo-
lasses is produced from the refuse of the
sugar manufacture; large quantity of
spirits is distilled from the refuse of mo.
lasses; from the refuse of this last potash
is made, and used rs u fertilizer. Now n
more wonderful discovery than all these
has come to light. From the refuse of the
diStillation of alcohol there is now produc.
ed combuslible gas which can be con
densed into a volatile liquid known as
chloride of methyl. This chloride of metbyl
has been used in the preparation of some
of the brilliant aniline colors, but it has
been now found to be valuable refriger-
aLing agent. BY rapidly evaporating It, "A
of more than sixty degree,
below zero Can he produced and maintain
ed, and murcury can be reduced to solid
metal by this means. But the grand value
of the discovery will be in the use of this
product of the modest beet root in the
Of ice. What Vast possibili.
ties may exist in simple root! and what
boundless wonders are embodied in the
products of nature! Surely
there can be no more enEobling study for
the mind, or work for the hands of man
than that which brings to his view the
exquisite works Of nature, OR opens to his
intelligence The fairy world, of which he
may obtain glimpse, at least, now and
then.-RuraI NeW Yorker.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

Geraniums must have season of rest
during the summer if they are expected
to bloom in winter. Keep the plants in
pos out Of doors, under the shade of some
tree,until September and water sparingly
In the beginning of September shake the
soil from the roots, replace them in rich
sandy loan, and bring them forward to
the sun and air. Place them in a SUNNY
window, indoors, when there is danger OF
frost, and when they begin to grow Q i've
them an occasional watering with liquid
manure. They need plenty of sun and
air and comparatively low temperature
In n hot room they will not do well.
Cactus needs but little water. plenty of
sun, and should have a small pot with
LIGHT soil.-RUrdL Ne,0 Yorker.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

The Gardeners Monthly gives most
useful hint in regard to pruning evergreen
hedges. remarking that the only way TO
tim them so that the foliage will Keep
g cen from bottom to top is to trim encb
slopingly fronI base to apex. In trimmIno
the top of hedge flat and the sides mn.
right, the sun is kept from the foliage 81,
the base of the plant and the lower
branches will become" bare of foliage and
dead. But trimmed in the manner indi-
Gated the sides will present uniformly
green, thick, healthy appearance. This
method applies to hedges of Norway
spruce, hemlock, arbor viie, and. in short
all evergreens. The square and upriobt
method has long ago been discarded by
sll who have tried the form recommended.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

The largest orchard in the world is be
lieved to be that of Robert McKinstry
Hudson. Columbia county. N. Y. 1t con.
tains $4,000 apple trees, LOO pears, 1000
cherries. 800 peaches, 200 plums, zoo
crabs. 1000 grape vines. 5000 currants
and 2O0 chestnuts. The varieties of apples
most esteemed are Rhode Island Greening,
Baldwin, King of Tompkins County, Red
Astrachan. Northern Spy. Wagner and
Duchess of Oldenburg. OF pears the
leading sorts are Bartlett, Beurre, d Aniou,
Sheldon, Seckel and lawrence. The
ground is plowed several times in the
year and generally kept fallow. Six miles
of roads 60 through the orchard, twenty
four men ane fourteen horses are employ.
cd in taking care of it. Its success is due
to the closest supervision and most indus
trious work, u
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

Most bee-keepers have come to regard
The movabe-comb hive rs quite indispen
sable to the successful management of an
1piary, the Langstrolh principle being the
one generally adopted This consists Of
loose fitting frames hanging on rabbets b,
means of the projecting ends of the tor
bars to the frames, The particular size Of
frame and style of hive will not he found
To make great difference with the success
fnl management of the stock if the bee.
Keeper understands his business.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

Some years ago, says the Hartford Post,
one of our citizens bought and set out
some thrifty young apple trees. On one
OF them he neglected to remove the wool
en- label which was attached to one of the
limbs by a copper wire. Two years
later he found that the copper wire was
entirely Undecided and out Of sight in the
brk of the tree, and that year the limb
was so heavily loaded with apples that he
was obliged to prop it up, while there was
not blossom or apple on any other limb.
Lust year ono of my neighbors, when his
apple trees were in full blossom, carefully
girdled some limbs on several trees, and
the blossoms produced no fruit on the
limbs thus treated; but this year those
limbs have blo,somed full, and no bios.
SONS on the limbs that bore last year.
Pomologists may profit by further expert
ments in that direction.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02

Within cer'ain limits. bees are trust.
worthy weather prophets. and can he re
lied upon. since they have been in the
business considerably longer than Old
Probabilities. When they are disinclined
to leave the hive even though the sun
shines, rain may shortly be expected
When they return in large numbers dur.
ing the day, storm is at hand. 1t they
lake fight of dull morning. expect to
see the sun appear from behind the clouds.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-07-02
Rev L. B. Hubbard said that there is no

Rev l.. B. Hubbard said that there is no
disputing the fact that western butter is
better than Vermont butter. He recently
compared the two in Boston. The latter
was selling for eighteen cents and the
former for thirty cents and was the best
butter he ever saw. The reason is that
Vermont men carry their brains to the
west and fools never emigrate. We must
turn over new leaf or we shall 90 10 the
wall. Creameries are being started all
over the west. To compete with the west.
we must improve our methods. .
When we read such assertions we are
inclined to accept the reason," though
we may dispute the fact,