, 1879-07-26
PERFECT VENTILATION.
improvements in the Con-
6truction Of DWELL
ings.
How to Be Cool in Summer and Warm
in Winter, and Save Fuel.
n fhs Editor nt Ths Tribune.


TO ths Editor nt Ths Tribune.
CHICAGO, July al promise bY sayinE thht1
ong nil the arta pract!ccd by civilized nations,
i'm most Important one, anil ono most dcscry-
tno ot carful study by men Of tic greatest sa'
caety and the best knowledge OF the physical
sc,euccs, IIouso-ArchItcctnro stanos pre'cmf-
nent.
I,y house Is meant not only The t1om!ci1o OF
man, but the echool-house, tho houso OF Wor-
,htD. charitable, penal, and legislative houses;
and, ia short, NIL buildings In which human be-
tnrs lvo or aro convened, for not only hayc NIL
OF them, as now constructed. scrlous defects,
hut when critically Viewed, defects ase cx.
posed that nra not only lamcntabic, but really
crtmIun1, regret TINT I an compelled 10 dis
miss this branch Of my subject with only pass"
Ing mention. '.
aasert-and challenge contradtclon-that
there n.o characteristics to be found IN 7otS
lergc majority ol every cluss OF buildings hea'
tIo,,cd that orc IN their inauonce mortal Of dcao-
"; and souac, which have tic power OF aeet.oy-
tng tlfo to the crcntest c1tent arc ionho aNA.
among tho humblcst tenomcnts anu u'u nons
palat,a and protentious manssons' III e'ate nno
National legislative hatls pfl6ons' LILLE
hospitals, nsyluma, etc.
~ ncrrr,t the exslopce Of known lifc-destroy-
inr Influences In our own houses, Is highly cell
surable. aul may be suicidal; anl, II our repre-
scntatiycs allow like influences to exist In any
nublic building for which they arc Responsible,
thclr conduct Is murdetous. ...... .....
No ono willdeny this; hanca II bchcovos us
a,i studlously and intcliguntly 10 contcsn-
platc, and speedily inauguratc, tho regulate
means for correcting the faulty existing eondl-
tlons to which have alluded, and which AFRO q
most disgraceful reproach on nation claiming
80 kuj -&n In af tfrCf
pertains to civilization.
At no period perhnps, past or present, could
npy nation truthfuily honst OF SO lnrge mum.
pcr, In proportion to population, OF men capable
Of mastering the most abstruso subjects TINT
enlist attention md study fy those possessing
tho most Bonticnt mud peuotratlve minds, as tho
United States Of America does to-day.
We're proof Of this needed, abundant could be
adduced; but, assuming Goncral concession, 1t
Ia alike marvellous aud dIscsclitAble that moro
bus not been accomplished lu tho way OF the I'M
Dtovcn,cnt OF tic sanitary condition OF human
hnbitatlons.
PROMINENT DEFECTS MOST NEEDING REFORM.
As this paper Is OILY intended as newspaper
article, it is impossible to mako 1t exhaustive;
It must bo simply general IN the mention OF the
characteristics OF buildings which most impcra-
lively demand reform Ill order to secure the
best sanitary condition md tho greatest decree
OF hygtcnic aafcty md comfort compatible With
aJudielous cxuen0isuro OF private Or public
90 generally djsrecartcd in housoconstruction.
TEMrEn1su AND vEar1LATIHd.
In climate In which the extremes Of tempera-
ture haro 60 Wide range Us obtain tu this city,
provcrbial as 1t Is Tor it, sa!uhfit!,-or where
TIC mercury & 2. t's nt ,1ea H. Tronea onr II
10D dct,. Fab. ahove-it Ia evident tint there is
demand for. high degrees Of architectural
ek'!l 70 Ploviao aa'"ht 0aSM 'n,m
q .e'pe'nsn,,s nn,o,a ~ +,"t W. nrnvsIon Il cn,,n.
necdcu 70 .tsupp,F p9oststana pxtsa, ~. ,oI5 uJ5
houscs aeaiuss .hG msa e;,tnratIo ",,d "u 70.
tne i3", ult rn.tet. - .d an.an1ie1 vcntst.
tnE engineers snGald nave e,ven 80 80 VIZ tt,o
% w. sI,e,1J at s a az IN
!sss y. neas1; T. ~ ~ ss ,."nJsr mi IN tfa
II .a,icct ~ inn,n.Yrns.intinn !. so
ea;s e. buildings can n' 81 saa to nf we Tsta
ca 70 aosm nn sSee{on M n 'o ''c an'''t'a' 'o'' u
MATERIALS Used IN HOUSE CONSTRUCTION
For greater security against fire, city. orli-
nances require thAt brick. stone, or iron should
trtn limits. Thcse materials aro oil better con
iluctors Of hcnt t1an wood; hence they absorb
solar leas, as,1 BY convection eliminate !. wital'l
gree m 1at Is seriously objectionable,
in TIC cold gcasoi tilu reverse obtaips l. g.,
ARTIFICIAL llcat generated Within the bnidn.:
escapes by tho san,c Inv, and Is d!ss!pated,- -
rach Uxcrtjuc O like influence adverse to con.
trolling and maintaining In the bulldtng uni.
form antl dcsir.ble temperature. In tho hettoE
class OF buildings, butlt ot tic tncombuettbc
materials untncd, IL Ii usual to "fur" the fnte,
ripr of the walls, nni put lath and plaster o.,
the fuErngs; hut tie brick ur stone
wajIs, "a often constructed, bar tho passage
OF neither air nor hcut, uit tho connection
Of walls to door and wtndow-fran,es. and tho
fofnts In them, lrc 81 imperfect that houses &c
constructed arc hot in summer nnd cold IN via.
yer. lheY are EchcFaHY 80 open, tnosc hehteu
W afect sau'atiou ~ ~ uso VI sLutee ~ !'a m.u
Eia!es, tat 10 9Ier psossaon M - I'auo .or WV "
M!asn; at'i' wn @ suvn H., ai,i r. as. w "