The Red Cloud chief., 1879-01-09
MN NEAk~ OAt.

Ire hrst ust ~ INC fests NV many
Axcs and In ~variuas rs.'s "a the ~crid,
has esos celeers,~d ~ . religious and
s~AAl festival With III. jess tho new
year ncrt. and s,ill com ns.ncvs.
With the antamnsl moatk. nsH, The
nrsi dsy being celebrated BY them 9Th
considersbi. ceremony. The hcmsa
made . special holidsy ~ h. on,ttng
sacrifices, Ia Janus. ~hsse principal tee
uvNl occurred on this ds,, aud taking
care iha, all tbsy ,hcnghL. ssAi snd did
should tr pure and favorable, since ~
| cry thing wAs otninous Toe the u~~ar.
rrnccs II tho whole year They appear.
Ell la the streets 10 festive garments, ga.
chAng~d ktatiy salu,aiinns. and gave 10
eaCk other prcsonts. consisting II gilt
dates. tgs. honey CAKES. and coplpt
coins having on ope side the double
head II Janus. and va the othet a ship
This custom IL hcsiosiag prcscnts sss
made nv s1mv ~ tho empcp,Ts IN tm
portani sourco ~ personal r%rsrAae, an
al modified by the kmpnror Cisudios
In. early Christian .mpcrors. hosr,vt.
continued Ia receive ihsm. no,e ith
standing they werr cond.mn~d by The
ecclesiastical councils on sccuunt II the
pagan ceremonies accompan, ne thrif
presentation.
The bcsto~h ~ gins 81 New Years
la, Was not peculiar /. the komAns
In. Druids distributed branch.. Il tn.
sacred misii.ta. cut With peculiar COZ.
cmonie,. ~ New Years gifts among
the people, aud the saspns ~ the nnrih.
according Va Bishop stillingfeoI on-
served the festival With than orii'
nary iollity snd f"asitng, and hy send.
ing gifts Ia one another In spit. ~
the opposition 81 c~cclcslasticsi coun
ellis. the practice continued through the
middle ages, aud among sings aud
their powerful vAsaals the i~n,.rchssgr
II presents was . distinguishing Tea
ture 81 the trs, day II tb. new year
Henry III. 81 England. Is said la hs,c
.storted New Years gifts. aud Queen
ElisAbc.h's wardrobe aud j%c~olry were
probably almost wholly supplied from,
these annual contributions, II appear.
that the lords. spiritual aud temporal.
II the realm, tho chief officers II state.
and the servants ~ tho royal household
down ~ the master cook. sergeant oI
the pastry. and dustman. ~ere Auiong
the contributorp ~ these largeascs.
which consisted u money. rich wearing
apparel. plate, jewels. s~cctmests. and
an Infinite variety u other things. DR.
Drake says tina, although tho Queer
made returns W the New Years gifts
In plate and other articles. che tooi
care that the balance should bc In hs,
own favor. A. late ~ i692, 1, appear
that the English nobility were ecu
toned. every New Years tide. To sen,
the king . purse with gold 4. H." I'm
der the Tudors aud stnsrts Mes Year
gifts were given nd resolved with mu
tuAl wishes II sbappy nov year among
all conditions 81 people. An orang'
stuck with clover. az . gilt nutmeg ~a
! . popular gift, tenants sent their land
Lords cspons. and ladies received pro.
ents ~ gloves or pins. or In lieu there.
II money. a custom from ~hioh No hAs,
the tersas glove money" and ''pii
money"
.. In England the ringing In ~ the nev
year from the belfrtes II churches has
II later years. bscu the principal opel
demonstratio IL 10Y III the rccurrepc
oi the annivcrssry. IN Germany man,
ceremonies derived from old snpertl
tons arc In vogue. but throughout con
t~inentai Europe. although The day 10
universal holiday. congrsialaiory wish
: ~ have bern generally substituted b.
: tho more Substantial Expressions AZ -
ie~m formerly intsrchanged by frirnds
: In Paris. and other large cities. slmos
: Incredibly large suns are still ~rI~nd
, I'd In bonbons, and similar articles. "a
prcsrniAL
In the United Stsi.s the day IL mad
. the occasion Il social visits by gestl'
men among the families ~ their ~
quaintance-- custom originating !
New yors. and dating back Ia its or
=, tlsm.ni by the Dutch.