The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-15

meats, butcnered IN America, yes IN Chi
cago 1000 miles west of New York, are
sold in daily competition in the English
markets with meats butchered on the spot.
DAYS OF PROGRESS.
Ny friends, if this is not progress, what
is it? Think you had Solomon lived in
these days he would have Written, as
there anything whereof it may be said,
see. this is new? it hath been already of
old time which was before u.s." X
land there is no new thing under the sun?'
In addition to the above enumerated ar
ticles. the United States exports a vast
quantity of wood and articles manufac-
turcd of wood, furniture, lumber, aerlcuI
tural implements, sewing machines, iron
and manufactures in iron, fire arms, cot
ton goods, leather, hops, naval stores
soaps, ordnance stores, oil cake, and cot
ton seed. and hundreds of Others aggre
eating value of S787 ,ooo, 900
s. Great Britain is our best customer, tax
8 inc 65 per cent of our cotton, 65 per cent
8 of our provisions, and 10 per cent of our
breadstutts. Germany receives p per cent
of our oil, and China about 25 per cent of
q our cotton manufactures.
If it be true that the exports of coun-
try must exceed its imports to secure pros
perity, and that our exports are S27I,ooo,-
600 more than our imports, why is it that
81 prosperity does not smile upon our coun
try why is it that to-day there is unrest
and discomfort all over orr land? why is
It that North, South, East and West, we
are familiar with that unwelcome visitor
that sticheth closer than a brother init
matclv known as "Hard Times?"
Numerous reasons may be given; to my
mind there are buttwo: Ist. The deranged
condition of our monetary affairs has
#causcd too great an inequality in the dis
tribution of the wealth of the country:
that thing, known universally and accept
ell as money, is in the hands of two few;
and end.
WE ARE \ NATION OF DEBTORS.
The Secretary of the Treasury in his last
report says: The Government has in circu-
lation s 46,OSI ,OIOin greenbacks; that the
National Banks-of which there are 2,O56
in the United States-have in circulation
S322I47,7IO in National Bank bills; that
the gold in the country amounts to $780,
S73,39o and the silver 100000, 557, the two
metals aggregating S358,443,947 of coin,
30 that the greenbacks, the National Bank
bills, and the coin are not very unequal in
amount in the country, the three aggre-
eating SI,o20,272 ,6S2.
This same authority tells us in the same
report that
THE INTEREST BEARING DEBT
of the United States is SG,797,64S7oo. If
be estimate our population at $4,000, 900,
The debt of the country is more than S37
10 each inhabitant, while the circulation
81 the money of the country, were it all
But in circulation, is only $40 to the inhab-
itart. AS, however, at least one third the
money is kept in the Treasury and the
vaults of the banks to provide against
Emergencies there is really in circulation
only about SIS per capita.
From the report of the Treasurer
Father these additional facts: The 2,o56
National Banks own capital of $500, I47,-
SO, and their loans and discounts amour
tel to $500 52I,542, from which they de
WE'D surplus profit of SI57,S33,oo3, or
very nearly ten per cent upon every dol
Ian they handled of bills, capital, loans and
deposits. And yet some men attempt to
IN duce the belief that National Banks are
a.blessing to the people.
Of these 2,O56 National Banks, 545 of
hen are in New England, $50 in New
York State, 235 in Pennsylvania, 90 in
New Jersey, 81 in Maryland, II in Della
ware, 670 in the States from Ohio to Cal
ifornia, and only 2o5 in all the South, in
clnding Kentucky and Missouri.
on are aware that National Bank is
organized by parties subscribing money,
which is invested in the bonds of the Gov
ernment, and for every 100000 so inves-
ted and deposited with the Treasurer Of
the United States, there are given in re-
turn 100000 worth of notes to be circula
ted as the bills of the banks so organized.
No (ynuarnp,apt 70 fha
and pays them an interest upon the bonds
in (which the stockholders have invested
then money. Beside drawing this inter
EST, the bank loans the bills to
1HOSE WHO ARE ABLE TO BORROW
attrom 7 to 10 per cent per annum. These
banks are allowed to receive money on
deposit for which they pay small inte
resi- and which they loan as they do their
own bills. The Government taxes these
Dppks one per cent upon their circulation,
SAFi one half per cent upon SO much OF
fhelr capital as is not invested in Govern
ment bonds, and one half per cent on their
sEa#rage deposits. The States tax them
~ average of about two per cent upon
tnelr capital, so that their total tax is only
aQput 81 per cent upon an amount equal to
Wat they have invested in Government
ponds, while the interest paid them by the
government upon these bonds averages
Al per cent.
Besides these National Banks, there are
SIS Savings Banks, Trust Companies and
pnvatc banks in New England, 1926 of
TIE same in the Middle States, 1899 in
me Western States, and only $40 in all
Ine South. The capital of all these various
anthem banks is only $67 ,o4o, 900, whilst
the capital of the Western banks is $I7o,-
ozp 600, and the capital of the New Eng
sand and Middle States banks is $43I,-
90, 600. Then there are in New England