The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1879-12-13

lOculltlcS, ana In DOth OF which those
to whom rights Of tho State were
! granted supervise and control the
business, and in both Of which the
State is satisfactorily secured as to
proper returns and payment of royalty
on all rock "1ug, mined and remov-
| cd" The only difference is as to their
capacity or adaptation for meeting tho
demands of the interests of the State
for systematic and exhaustive mining.
Those OF them to whom exhaustive
rights to limited territory were grant
cd have interests identical with
those Of the State so far as erAuust-
ace mining is c0nccrncd; the differ
cnce is on tho outfit and equipment
provided for the business.
Those who arc only provided with
hnnd-picking implements and appli-
ances arc unequal to the full demand
OF their own interests or those of the
State. Over almost the entire extent
OF the river phosphate beds it is i'm
practicable, If not impossible, to raise
all the rock without the aid Of power
| iill machinery.
The last class Of opcrators-thosc
who have provided full and complete
| outfits for the buainess--arc certainly
0Gie to meet the demands Of the inter
csts Of the State Gin the present contli-
ton Of the subject" and arc, in the
opinion Of your Commission, the only
| class who can. If they do not do it,
it is, and can be, attributable TO mis-
management or fraud, either Of which
would be alike detrimental to their
own interests and to those of tho State.
They employ machinery whose adapt-
ability to its peculiar works is simply
wonderful, and it is pleasure to be
able to say that it's adjustment and fit
| ness for the purpose was achieved in q
| great measure by the energy, skill and
ability Ola South Carolinian. But
your attention will simply be called to
thcir facilities for taking all Of tho
rock from their territory for exhaust
i've mining. This control over tho
powerful drcdgcs used for breaking
through, tearing up aud raising plos-
phatic deposits in the bottom Of the
waters is rs complete as that Of the
ploughman over his plough, and they
can break up the bottoms OF their
water territory within certain limits
as to depth, ttrrow by iurrow, field by
field, with rs much precision as the
farmer can the lands of his farm. The
rock left by the drcdgc is in a loose
condition, suitable for manipulating.
If the dredging is thoroughly done,
followed by manipulating thoroughly
done, systematic and exhaustive min
ing is practically accomplished. 1t is
entirely within tho reach Of those
operating under the complete outfit
system TO do this, il is their interest to
90 IT, and if their interest is not deem
cd sufficient security to tho State law
requiring them to do it would not be
deemed detrimental to the interests of
any OF tho parties concerned. Under
this full equipment system only is
| found protection or oven regard for
tho states interests in thorough and
exhaustive mining. Again, establish
mcnt in II fixed locality and sys-
tcmatic organization Of the business is
necessity to successful operation
under this system.
! The concentration of q localized and
wcll-organizci( business simplitics the
| duty dcvolving upon the State Of
watching her Interests in it and facili-
tates the economical collection of her
revenues from this service. Your
a"omissI I@"rf JYhi|e rGGq1pHing. the
the exercise Of chartered rights and
privileges by amendment, alteration
or repeal or any or all Of thcm,-as her
interests may demand, report, as the
result OF their inquiry and invcstiga-
uohs, that the rights Of the State sin
INC present condition of tho subject"
are confined to the single one Of royal
ty-to the right Of one dollar for each
ton "dug, mined and removed from
the beds Of her navigablc streams md
marshes"
That under the "pcrmit SYSTEM"
where mining operations arc conduct-
cd and controlled by irresponsible or
unbondcd parties, this right is least
protected, and requires, OH the part of
the State. the heaviest outlay for its
full realization.
That under all other promiscuous
systems Of mining, where the business
is conducted and controlled by bonded
parties, it is more fully protected, and
can be realized ut less cost to the State.
That under the localized and iully
equipped system it is most fully pro-
tecfed, and realized at least cost to the
State. But there is al important III
tcrcst of the State embraced in and
covered by this right of ROYALTY, for the
protection ofwhich your commission
crs fail to find any provision by law in
any of these systems. No regard
seems to have been paid to it in any of
tho legislation OH the subject, viz. her
interest in the systematic and cxhaus-
tiveworking ofthe mines.
In none of the systems of granting
rights is this interest directlV
or expressly provided for. In none of
the modes of exercising these rights is
1t regarded.
Under the localized, complete outfit
system, the protection Of this interest
OF the State is derived from no direct
or express act Of legislation requiring
exhaustive mining, but from conpati,
bility and identity of interest Of grant
or and grantee, inherent In the system.
Unfortunately, no such compatibility
exists IN tho promscuous mining
SYSTEM"
THE BEST SYSTEM.
Your Commissioners desire on en-
terinig upon this duty, to state distinct
ly, that they have failed to discover
any political rights and interests in this