davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

Among the alternating animals are the
bat, hedgehog dormouse. hamster, mar
mot and other rodents; the classes named
ehelonians, saurans. ophidions and
batrachians, and some fishes, mud-turtles
and insects.
One author has discussed quite extern
sively the relations of respiration to mus
cuar irritability. He maintained that the
quantity of respiration is inversely as the
degree of muscular irritability. Respira-
ton is measured by the amount of oxygen
inspired, while muscular irritability is the
result of galvanic force. Birds have a
high respiration and Il low muscular irri-
liability. Reptiles, on the other hand,
have a high degree of irritabiity and a
low respiration.
In the progressive development of in
secls this same principle is illustrated.
The change is always from higher to a
lower muscular irritability. In sleep the
respiration is diminished and irritability
increased, and still more in the profound
sleep in Information. In the latter con-
dition respiration is almost entirely sus-
pended. The circulation is continued,
though very slow. The heart beats regu.
larly. The blood in the absence of respi
ration is entirely venous; but the increas'
ed muscular irritability, under these cir
cumstances, adds new stimulus and pre-
serves life. This fact alone makes hiber
nation possible. 1t is the slow circulation
of the venous blood which keeps the state
of lethargy induced by diminished respi
ration.
In Information sensatian and voitior
arc suspended, but muscular mobility il
unimpaired alternating animals in
stinctively strive to escape disturbance
during the continuance of this sleep. Tn,
bats retire to recesses in gloomy caverns
where they hang themselves up by tn
claws of the hind feet, head downward
The hedgehog and dormouse roll them
selves into ball The tortoise burrow
in the earth, while frogs and cells bur
themselves under the mud. Snakes win
themselves into coil together, in som
crevice or hole in the ground. Th
warmth Of returning spring and hunSe
arouse all these from their sleep, and the
come forth again into the busy world. A
respiration increases while they are CON
ing to life, muscular irritability is dmir
, ished and all the functions are restored
their normal condition, until another slice
5 becomes necessary.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03
Milk for Cows.

c. G. S., Warren, writes as follows:
Mr. EDIToR:-I wonld like to inquire
if there can be better use made of skim
milk in winter than feeding to COWS? In
my experience pail full of skim milk is
better than meal or roots 10 feed in winter
Has it been found to be injurious to the
COWS to feed such messes?"
REMARKs.-Therea are two distinct ques-
tions here. First, whether there can be
better use made of milk than to feed. In
reply to this will say it will depend good
deal on how the feeder if situated. If he
runs winter dairy, having his COWS come
in in the fall and winter, and therefore in
full flow of milk, many we know as good
farmers prefer to feed to pigs, and We
should incline to that disposition of the
milk. If the dairy is summer one, and
consequently but little milk to dispose of
it may, perhaps, be well disposed of in
feeding to COWS or other stock. We have
known several instances where it has been
fed to horses with excellent effect
Milk is natures food for young animals
and at maturity the necessity for it ceases
but we sec no physiological reason why its
further use should be injurious, except as
the too liberal use of all concentrated food
is injurious. which answers the second
question as far as we are able. We might
add that we have feed such " messes" To
our COWS as occasion made desirable, ia
the manifest improvement in milk and
condition, and with no apparent bad re.
suits. Experience settles things; let us
hear from others on the matter.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

TIE YELLOW BELLFLOwER.-So Some
months since | read the letters on the
Yellow Belllower by G. G. Atkins, of
Bucksport. with much interest, also what
Mr.. Anterior, of Hallowell, says of it, as
published in the CultiUator. | heartily
concur with them as to its good qualities,
because what they say of it tallies with
my own experience in raising it for over
fifty years. | have grown it on two kinds
of soil with equal success. In Winthrop |
raised it for over thirty years on soil
formed of .pyriiferous slate. In many
places in Winthrop the slate is so strongly
impregnated with sulphate of iron that
copperas has been made of it. For the
last twenty years have raised the bell
flower, RoXbury russell, Baldwin and
Rhode Island greening, and also some
fifty other varieties, on soil of granite
formation, in the town of Monmouth Ca
soil similar to that Of Mr.. Atherton's).
The bellllower is hardy, II good grower
and an abun Iant yearly bearer under good
culture. Another good quality it has is
that of hanging to the tree ill fully grown
and ripe as tenaciously as the crab apple
In cutting scionS for grating, every year
for fifty years on more, have never found
Il twig Of it wnter-killed. Mr.. Atkins,
after enumerating about all its good quail
t es,asks "But will it bear well? This is the
test that throws out many IL fine fruit"
Undoubtedly some soils are better adapt.
ed to orcharding, or corn or the various
crops than others. The soils of Maine
are now about all robbed Of their soluble
elements of plant food by constant crop
ping, while comparatively little has been
returned TO it. All lands contain insoublc
plant food to almost any depth, otherwise
mother earth would soon become II failure.
Surely there is Il smaller per cent in our
poor lands than in our good lands, but
still on our best orchard or corn lands
only Il small percent is set free, or render
ed soluble, by means of water saturated
with carbonic acid Qhe great solvent in
nalure). Therefore trees and plants can
only obtain that amount and no more,
unless we apply ashes in large quantities,
which contains corroding alkalies potash,
soda, ETC., also phosphoric acld). Hence
the necessity of applying to our orchards
and plants complete manures in some
form yeariy--l say yearly phatically-
in order to obtain yearly fruits from oul
trees.
| have found in my experience for Il
number of years that IL yearly application
Of the above elements 10 my fruit trees
has rendered them nearly all yearly bear
ers. find, too, that the yellow bellllowel
and northern SPY, if the boughs are suta-
bly, thinncd to let in the rays of the sun
and air, will early become abundant bear
ers, the fruit large and fair. 1t costs a
tree much more to grow Il bushel of small
than large frui--seeds cost the tree more
than pulp. Trees that blossom in the
spring, and which were well fed II yeal
ago with suitable elements, will not blight
their fruit the following autumn. alsc
believe that the Baldwin thus treated
with the boughs suitably thinned, can be
made to bear fruit yearly, Correspondent
In american CUltjratOr.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

the required studies, or have they made it
"A study in the normal and other higher
schools. thereby depriving the farmers and
mechanics who are unable TO send their
children to these higher schools, to the
sneers and ridicule of the lawyers and
other professional men for the bungling
manner in which they keep their books!
Will Bro. Tinkham, while he has his hand
in, just tell us why chapter in common
school reading book each upon the theory
of eobbling, tinkering, clock cleaning
milking, learning calves to drink ant
other farm pursuits would not be as in
structive and tenfold more useful to thu
pupils than the reading now contained il
the Text books of the common schools o
the day? That the theory of an industrial
education is to be discussed in this countr,
is Il fixed fact and the sooner educator
and agricultural editors recognize the fac
and work for instead of against its devel
opment gthe sooner its blessings will b
shed abroad over the land.
JONATHAN LAWRENCE.
Passumpsic. Vt.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

FALL MANAGEMENT OF MANURE.-J.
c., Cornish, Maine: No views held by
scientific and practical men about the
every day operations of the farm have
undergone greater change during the past
few years than those pertaining to the ma
ture, management and uses Of the manures
made upon the farm. Formerly it was
thought wasteful and ruinous in the ex-
treme to apply manure to the surface,
either in spring or fall if it was to remain
for any length of time. But such views
do not obtain now among the best farmers
or those who know most of the chemistry
of manures. And we can assure our cor
respondent that it is good practice to move
the farm dressing from the yards and
stables to the fields this fall, provided the
land upon which it is placed is SO situated
that it does not wash. This not only for
wards the field work of spring, but there
is marked advantage in moving the
teams over fields in late fall and early
winter after the ground is frozen, as
against doing this N"rN in spring, for the
fields do not become cut up and injured as
they do in spring from driving over them
with loaded carts when the land is soft
The manure may be left in heaps OF
spread; the former will be the better
method, perhaps, if the field is compare
lively level.-Anlerjcan Culttrdtor.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03
For ihe Freeman.
A Chat with Farmers.
pY AGRIC0IA
ABOUT HIRBERNATIoN.
BY AGkiCOLA.

No fact in natural history is more won
derful and interesting than The Information
Of animals. Many species retire to their
winter quarters late in the autumn, and
sinking into deep sleep, remain there
without food during the cold season. Nor
are the phenomena of Information confined
to the winter season. Some animals are
found for while, every twenly.four
hours, in this condition. Others living in
the torrid zone pass the three hottest
months of the year in state of lethargv.
Cold is not then the cause of this
strange condition of animal life. 1t is
entirely natural-as really so for the diff
ferent classes of animals referred to as is
the periodical sleep of night for all. Thel G
is really no difference between sleep and
Information except in degree. The one
is for few hours during the darkness
the other for a few months, during winter
or summer, rs the case may be.
The reasons for the phenomena of sleep
and Information are different. Sleep is
the sweet restorer of exhausted nature. 1t
affords rest from toll and gives opportuni-
ty for recuperation. But the sleep Of
Information is n special provision of the
Creator for the preservation of these
races of animals. Without it they would
all perish from the face of the earth, be-
cause ut the season of their long sleep no
food is provided for them, or could he OBJ
tanned Here is evidence Of design and
wisdom in adapting means to ends, that
cannot be gainsayed. Let the undevout
naturalist tell us whence this wise design,
if there 10 not q wise Designer
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

FEED RooTs IN WINTER.-The large
quantities of dry, woody and indigestible
food consumed by stock in winter tax the
digestive organs very severely, and con-
stipation, c. ngestion, ETC., are ever threat
ening dangers to the health of the stock.
A moderate quantity of roots or green
food in the season of dry feed acts as ben
efcially on the stock us fruit and fresh
vegetables do on the human system in the
course of the long, cold season when nc
respiration purges the skin. In the
eason of vcrduro and plant growing, fresh
vegetable food is so common a portion OF
our daily diet that we scarcely notice the
fact. And so it is with the animals whose
care we are charged with.-EEchange.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

The FIELD FOR YETERINARIANs.-It is
noteworthy fact that while on the other
side of the Atlantic veterinary surgeons are
almost as numerous, and we may say,
considered relatively as indispensable as
doctors Of medicine, they are practically
unknown in the United States. The whole
number of educated and skilled veterin-
arians in this country ut present. it has
been asserted on good authority, does not
exceed 800, at the most liberal estimate.
1t is only in the cities where great num-
bers of domestic animals are congregated,
such as car horses and dairy cattle, that
there has been made any skilled effort for
the prevention and cure of diseases from
which these animals may suffer.
This almost total absence of veterin-
arians is not due to a lack of work for
them. but rather to Il want of appreciation
of what they might accomplish in saving
animal life
The live stock interest and its relation
to veterinary practitioners may appear
clearer when put in figures. In 1870 the
total value of the live stock in the United
States was estimated ut 100000 900
dollars, while since then it has increased
by hundreds of millions. During the
three first months of the current year,
when live stock trade was ut its slackest,
the expectations of live animals amounted
to Sl,7G4,5 6S. Yet it is fact that this
enormous quantity of perishahle property,
from which this country is prepared, to a
great extent, to supply the markets of the
world with beef, mutton and pork is prac'
tically left unprotected against the inroads
ly,c I,nt Of gl.illnI uatnrID.
arians. At the opening on the seconc
inst, of the American veterinary college
of this city, the president stated that the
loss of animals by disease in the state
New York alone, had for a single yea
run as high us St0,00000O. The bulk o
this sum might have been saved, had prope
treatment been available. But especial.
is the lack of veterinarians felt when con
tageous diseases make their appearance
The dreaded pleuro-pneumonia injecting
the cattle on the Atlantic coast, and whic
, II few months 'ago threatened to be S
destructive both to commerce. and ANNA
life, could never have gained so tenaciou
i a foohold had there been men qualitie
to discern and stamp out the disease fror
I the first. But not only from II linancia
point of view is veterinary skill needed
> humane considerations also demand thu
!, means should be provided to relieve tn
c suffering animals that now are either sui
iected to the barbarous operations of ignC
: rant quacks in the profession, or drag OF
: Il miserable existence till they finally dro
{ and die.
Here is field Of work for energeti
J. Young mpn-a field. too, that offers as ho1
d ored position, anu rs good compensate
c rs that of medicine or better. Should on
{ in three of those who now study to cur
: the Affections of the genus homo, turn the
I attention to animal diseases instead, W
II believe that the veterinary field would 70
5 a quarter of century TO come, only b
: partially filled, while the doctors of med
q cine would still increase in undue propol
= ton to the population.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03
International Dairy Fair.

Another correspondent writes, Can
you give US ligh, on the subject of exhibit
ing at the dairy fair in Naw York next
month, also wha are the arrangements for
getting there? Publish in your next paper.
We can give no light on the matter OF
exhibiting further Than what we gave in
the FREEMAN IL week or two since We
have received no information of any re
duCed rates on the railroads. From hi,
side of HE stte we believe the cheapes,
route will be via Boston, as the fare from
there to New York is but one dollar. We
intend going, and our route will be t,
Boston via Bellows Falls, Keene and Fitch
,burgh.
We might repeat, Goods for exhib
must he delivered at the American lnsti
TUE, December 4th to Sth inclusive, anC
should be marked, Gen. Supt. Inlerna
tonal Dairy Fair, American Institute
New York. All charges for freight OF
other expense must be prepaid. and I
notice of the goods sent, by whom, by
what line, etc. should be sent a few day:
before the goods.
All corresp )ndence should be addressed
to T. Mortimer Seaver, 800 Greenwich
street, New York.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03
Various Systems of MILK Setting.

1t seems that while we were urging tn,
necessity Of some Of our agriculture
powers taking hold of the matter of de-
termining the positive and comparative
merit of the various systems of milk
setting, Mr.. Sanborn, of the state farm.
Hanover, N. H., has been ut work on the
matter and he gives the results of his in
veStigations in II recent number of the
New England Farmer. His conclusions
as will be seen, are mainly referring to
theh raising Of the cream, and do not
embrace the matter of quality in product.
There are various claims made by the
makers of various apparatus, of the lace,
or possession Of certain desirable qualities
in butter made by them. One experiment
does not settle question:; let us have
series of them, and then we may arrive
at some general idea of the matter:
Mr. EDIToR:-l noticed with much in
terest your editorial on New Methods of
Milk Setting in the Etrmer of October
llth. After reviewing with clearness the
claimed merits of the different systems of
milk setting, the just conclusion is drawn
that there is something yet to learn"
and that no time should be lost in making
the attempt to settle the question, by a
thorough course of experiments. 1t is
very surprising that, in so old an art as
that of butter making, so many questions
of great Importance in its prosecution are
still very far from being settled Turn
which way we will in the broad field oil
husbandry, we find. instead of accepted
facts, "a conflicting flood of speculations.
and, as an accompanying consequence, "a
vast waste of INSTRUCTED human indus.
try. AS yet. science cannot dispel the
doubts that hang over methods in agricul-
ture, for we have no science of agricuI.
ture. 1t is true, we have the growing
child learning to use its feet. moving with
uncertainty, installing often, sure only Of
what practice has taught it, but neverthe-
less child, and growing. The laws that
control in each department of farm indus
try are yet to be clearly defined Ere
that time the patient, accurate, matter of
fact man will take and balance most hon
est facts from every quarter. No facts,
no science. As the editor divnes, expert
ment work, private or public, must be
relied on to settle the questions that per.
pick us; not the abnormal and careless,
"about" standard, covering II breath of
time, like much private experimenting
reported. The questions presented by the
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

DR.. Miles, in his work on breeding,
states that one peculiarly of crossing the
Suffolk and Essex swine is that invariably
the black is in excess upon the hind part
of the animal while the white predominates
upon its fore parts. Indeed they have been
known to be one half pure black and the
other half pure white, with the dividing
line where the colors meet forming a
circle around the body at the middle! This
is regarded rs one of the most remarkable
instances Of the effects of the combinations
of color resulting from cross breeding, and
is given upon the authority of f. w.
Cottrell, and quoted in William Smiths
catalogue of breeding swine.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

Mr., G. A. lluar, 1t pactical farmer Of
Waterfowl, mentions II curious instance
of the results of cross breeding, which we
commend to the attention of students of
animal physiology and the law of heredity.
He had II choice Suffolk sow which was
bred to a thoroughbred Berkshire boar,
but the offspring from this union was
GOOD litter of perfectly white pigs-not
n coIored bristIe was found upon one of
them. But when be came to breed from
these pigs, they produced black and spot
ted offspring, though they were bred to a
Suffolk boar There were all grades OF
color among their progeny, some beng
perfectly black.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03
LATER.
.SANFORD'S RADICAL CURE

o, onlv promptly arrests the corrodng discharges
in Catarrh but, by sympathtic action It restores to
,,1 health ali the organs of the head that have be-
Come effected by it, aud exhibit of the following
affectons:-
Defective Eyesight, Inhamed and Mattery
Eyes, Painful and Watery Eyes, Loss OF
Hearing, Earache, Neuralgia of the Ear
Discharges from the Ear. Ringing Noises
in the Head, Dizziness, Nervous Head
ache, Pains in the Temples, Loss of the
Senses of Taste and Smell, Elongation
of Uvula, Inflammation of the Tonsils,
Putrid Sore Throat, Tickling or Hack
inc Cough, Bronchitis, and Bleeding of
the Lungs.
Each packaxe contains DR.. Santord's Improved In
baiin Tube and full directions for its in all cases
prine al 90 Sold by all wholesale and retail druggists
and dea lers throughou the United States and Cana
| das WEEKS Il POTTER, General Agents and Whole
| sale Druggists, Boston, Mass.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03
agricultural Department.
ON. rINKHAM, Editor.

All communications for this department should BE-
sent to the editor Mr.. o. NJ. TINKHAM. N. Pom
fret, Vt.
Please write on side of the paper only sign such
name or initials as You wished published, but give
your FULL NAME AND Address, post Office County and
state.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03

Tipping leads to idleness, idleness to
overly, takes off Il mans fine coat, leads
to intemperance, destroys selfr-espect,and
leaves man prey to shame and re-
morse.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-12-03
MISCELLANEOUS.
Central Vermont R. R. Line.
Commencing Monday Noe. q. 1872
TRAINsGoING SOUTH AxDEAsT

= T.
Leave Montpenerat9.C5a aid II45A.u.st5sDa,...
Portland Express from Syracuse and Az
burg, st. Adams and BURLINGTON ARRIVES AZ E,agns'
pelier 25A. N. Mixed Train leaves M0ntrei.sTsAt-
4. N, Montpelier Junction . a. NJ. for White nv
junction. 'i'tf
MAIL TRAIN from Montreal. 81. Albsrs p-,,-
ton, &c, leaves Montpelier ii45 4. " f0r ptt.if'
New London. Springfield, New York and ift,.tt'
MIXED TRArSleayesS Albaus3pP pr.,.
450P NJ. Montpelier s. p. NJ. for NOrthhed ''1E"A
NIGHT EXPREssfrom OldeusburE, Montreal ~ a,
bans and urlington, leave Montpelier at luE0p " e.
Boston via, Lowell or Fitchburgh SpriIgftld MI
YorkandintermsliatCpo points. .-'e"
TRAINS GOING NORTHAND WEST.
Leave Montpellerat3 3Oqr5AM .1Ot5ardsf.r
Day EXPRESS leaves Boston via. FitcElurpl, - ~
A. ~, via, Lowell Soc 4. N New LoudoIE 40, :.
springfield sOOA NJ. MOntpeller g. IS ?. " for An
lington, st Adams. Montreal and OGDEN Iur. ''I'
ACCOMMODATION Train leaves Mortified all tn ~
Montpelier si5 A. NJ, for Burlington. Eut.aud s.
Adams and st. Johns.
MIXED caves White River functions saA NJ Norm
field i0.40 NJ. Montpelier ~ IS A. for Burlington =,
Adams Richford Rnuses Point SC.
NIGHT EXPRESS leaves Boston via. Lowell az -u.Y
NJ, via, Fitchburgh $50 p. NJ, New Yurk 3tUr "
Springfield UOP NJ, Mont elier3 "a A. " for
| West.
Trainsleave NontpelierforBarre att. sea u.ga
I NJ, and 30 Z. NJ.
Sleeping cars are attached to Night Express train,
running between Montreal and Boston. and NofiTta
J Parlor Cars and Day Express between Bortoi. and
Northumberland Chicago and the westforsalea
'ie p i"'''" ''"'i' J.wHoEART.
St Adams. Vt November .. 1879