davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
Through Freights.

The Springfield Republican says "The
East is becoming dsillusionized of the i'm.
mense profit of taxing ourselves with high
local rates to pay profit on the capital of
railroads which do large through business
at no profit If railroad has to lay out a
capital Of seven or eight millions to do this
export business at rate which does not
pay the interest on it, and that interest has to
be collected from Massachusetts,, it is doubt.
full if we have made anything, even if the
freight on wheat for our own consumption
is thrown in The policy of our corpora
tions and of the state henceforth should be
to make no more sacrifice of local interests
for the distant and the foreign. 1t is in the
interest of the East that fair rates prevail
on the railroads, that the through business
shall not be done at our expense, but at a
profit from its own rates, and that equal OPP
opportunity be given to all shippers and
clandestine favors to none"
We are truly glad if the East is really
becoming disillusionized on this subject.
1t is certainly true that the farmers are.
This carrying freight through our territory
at less than cost, and making up the loss
out of the pockets of our own producers, is not
what we bargained for when we granted the
charters under which it is done. Not only
does it impoverish the people, but it bank
rupts the railroads. 1t is all done to crafty
the greed of the commercial and manufacture
ing interests. Let every tub stand on its own
bottom,
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
Spectators and Prices.

In its review of the market the NeD York
Bulletin, speaking of the rise in prices Of
breadstuffs, says "a clique headed by one
or two leading New York receivers and
shippers, and backed by Wall street capital
and influence, has had control of the wheat
market for six weeks past. During that
time wheat has advanced thirty-eight cents
and corn fifteen cents per bushel." To show
how speculation affects prices in Chicago,
mess pork for January delivery is one dollar
a barrel higher than a year ago, while lard
is considerably lower. A combination of
dealers, or even single strong capitalist,
can within certain limits, make prices to
suit themselves, regardless of the natural
effects of supply and demand. The Railway
Journal, referring to these speculative move
ments, estimates that within about two
months "there has been an imitation by
speculation amounting TO $435,000,000 in
breadstuffs, and s276,000,000 in hogs and
provisions" The avowed object of these
spectators is to keep the farmers poor, be-
cause if the farmers are out of debt they
can hold their crops so that spectators can
not play with prices in this way. A Chicago
banker let the cat out of the bag when he
said: "If the farmers were out of debt
they could hold their wheat and corn and
derive the natural benefit of the inevitable
rise in prices before another harvest" This
not being the case, the gain is taken by the
dealers, whose terms the farmers must &C.
cept in order to realize money to meet the
pressing demands of their credtors-who
are often these same men.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12

quite astonished us by the promise of success
it presents at the end Of six or seven years
The interest of these gentlemen in fruit cul-
ture is contagious, and has resulted in the
establishment of a society, the Abbottsford
Fruit Growers Association, whose annual
exhibitions of fruit attract thousands from
far and near, and are doing great work in
the extension of fruit culture all over the
province.
In acknowledging our own pleasure in,
and our obligation for, the instruction de
rived from our recent visit TO Abbottsford,
we want particularly to draw lesson for
the benefit of our readers from the success
attained in that bleak locality in growing
fruit not only for home use, but for market.
All over the northern part of Vermont this
example should be instructive and stimulat-
ing. 1t is stupidity that will shortly reach
the dimensions of sin that the farmers Of
northern Vermont should continue to depend
upon the West for their supplies of fruit, and
especially of apples. There is not a town
in Washington, Franklin, Lamoille, Csledo-
MIA, Essex or Orleans counties, that now
raises fruit enough for home supply; and
there is not town in all those counties that
could not easily do so, and have apples to
sell, If half dozen men in each would set
about the work with the intelligence and
perseverance that is claimed TO be charac-
teristic of New England. Shall the Canadi-
ans beat us 7
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
Henry M. Stanley.

He was born near Denbigh, Wales, in
1910. His original name was John Row
lands. At the age OF three he was sent to
the poor-house at St. Asaph, where he re-
manned till he was thirteen, receiving there
a good education. For year he was teacher
at Mold Flintshire, and then shipped at
Liverpool as cabin boy on a ship bound
for New Orleans. There he found employ
ment with merchant named Stanley, who
subsequently adopted him and gave him his
name. His benefactor died intestate and
young Stanley at the outbreak of the civil
war enlisted in the confederate army, was
taken prisoner, volunteered in the United
States navy and afterwards became an act
ing ensign in the iron-clad Ticonderoga.
After the close of the war he travelled in
Turkey and Asia Minor, and in 1865 visited
Wales. He gave dinner to the children in
st. Asaph poor-house, telling them in a
speech that whatever success he had at
tanned or would attain in the future he owed
to the education he received there.
In the spring of 1867 he returned TO the
United States and in 1868 accompanied the
British expedition to Abyssinia as CORES
pondent OF the New York Herald. In 1885
he was sent to Spain in the same capacity
and on October nth Of that year was com
missioned by the Herald 10 find DIR. Living
stone, whom he found November 10th, 1871
o,a kaoan HE raturn vavaaa March lA,h
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12

Bone dust, like barnyard manure, does
not Immediately yield up its nitrogen and
phosphoric acid TO plants. The bone phos-
phate of lime is insoluble in water and
but very slightly soluble in water contain
ing carbonic acid The gelatne of the bones
would soon decompose in moist, porous
warm soil, provided it was not protected by
the oil and the hard matter of the bones.
Steaming removes the oil, while reducing the
bones to as fine condition as possible is
another means of increasing their availa
bility. Another good method is TO mix the
bone dust with barnyard manure and let
both ferment together, and am inclined to
think this is the best, simplest, and most
economical method of rendering bones avail
able The bone dust causes the heap Of
manure to ferment more rapidly, and the
fermentation of the manure softens the bones
Both the manure and the bones are i'm
proved and rendered richer and more avail
able by the process. One ton Of good bont
dust contains about as much nitrogen a.
eight and one-half tons of fresh stable ma
nure, and as much phosphoric acid as ont
hundred and ten tons of fresh stable manure
But one ton of manure contains more potash
than five tons of bone dust.-Harris' Talk
| on Mdnures.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
Religion and Science.


Nothing strikes us more unpleasantly than
to find believer in the Christian religion
afraid of scientific studies. How weakly
grounded must that faith be which breads
increase of knowledge about any of the
works of its God We are thankful,
therefore, to see that among all Protestant
churches at least, this fear of scientific truth
is fast dying out. An able English divine
thus states what is undoubtedly the true
view of the matter. GAN intellectual light"
he says, " is divine in its origin and spiritual
in its nature; so that on whatever subject
true light is shed, that light, however natural
it may become in the mind that employs it,
is spiritual; and when rightly directed is
conducive to the uses of spiritual life, and
aids in advancing the cause of religious
truth aud goodness. Men OF science and
learning, whatever motives may prompt
them in their pursuits, and whatever con-
illusions they may themselves draw from the
results and subjects Of their labors, are never
theless the Egyptians whose spoil will enrich
Israel the Gibeonites whose task it is to bt
the hewers of wood and drawers of water to
the house OF God"
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
The AbbOttsford, p. O., Fruit Grow
ers' Association.

1t is interesting and profitable to notice
how one or two euterprising and public
spirited men in a neighborhood may by their
example and instruction change the face
OF whole community, introduce new and
profitable industries, and by SO doing i'm
prove the condition of hundreds around
them. These facts, often noted, never
struck us with more force than in a recent
visit to the village of /" st. Paul d'Abbotts-
ford," at the foot of Yamaska Mountain in
the French country north of Franklin
county. Two enterprising men, the Fisk
brothers (of American descent, we believe),
have, by their enterprise IN searching out
hardy varieties of apples from all the country
round about, planting them in orchards and
propagating them in nurseries, so stimu.
lated the cultivation of fruit in this neigh
borhood that now there are at least twenty
thousand apple trees growing thriftily around
the foot of the mountain, producing abun,
dainty, with a good market at profitable
rates in the region about, or in the city OF
Montreal. Where twenty years ago the
farmers got scanty and hard subsistence
from the growth of ordinary crops, now tens
of thousands of dollars come in to them
from the produce of their orchards. This
product Of fruit is yearly becoming larger
and the prosperity of the growers is testified
by their well-built and well-kept dwellings
their comfortable farm buildings, and tn,
general air of prosperity and thrift which il
by no means characteristic of the average
Canadian homestead in the "French country
More recently there has come to Abbotts
ford (attracted there by the success of it
orchards) Mr.. Charles Glib, an enthusiasts
in fruit culture, who has given his attention
not only to the practical work Of the orchar'
and fruit garden, but has also, by publish
ing descriptions of the best hardy fruit, b,
making collections for exhibition, by CORES
pondence with fruit growers in other sever
localities and by visiting them, testing al
promising sorts and disseminating them.-
added greatly to the resources of the loca
ity, and Of all similar localities. Not salts
fed with apples alone, he is growing man
grapes with success, is adding the best hard
plums and cherries to his collection, and ha
now an orchard Of the hardest pears, whic
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12

whether his idea that it might do good had
come to pass and on the day he travelled
down to Morston, the memory Of the scene
came clearly before him with the thought
oil the grand old words--"Cast thy bread
upon the waters, for thou shalt find it after
many days"
"Such poor little crumb Of good, though
1t was" said Eustace TO himself, "still |
wonder-I wonderland I'll try to find it
out, too"
And as it happened, Eustace did find IL
out more quickly than he expected, for that
very evening, as he was returning from
walk, in the course of which he had visited
some of his old haunts, there passed him on
the road man and handsome boy of
about thirteen.
"My little friend and his father" sud.
denly thought Eustace, whose quick, artist
eye seldom forgot face or figure, and he
quickened his pace in order TO keep within
short distance Of the boy.
So the three went on, past the corner of
the field where the sketch had been taken,
down the road and across the narrow bridge,
till the man and boy reached little cot
tage, the small front garden of which was
gay with bright-colored, old-fashioned flowers.
"That looks promising" thought Eustace
"no drunkard ever had garden like that -
aud determined TO ascertain the facts of the
case, he went up TO the door with the inten-
ton OF asking the nearest way TO the next
village.
Through the open door he caught a
| glimpse of the neatly-kept cottage kitchen,
as Charlie came forward to answer the
strangers question but before half the
right turns had been described bright
smile broke over the boys face and, half
turning round, he exclaimed
Father, it's my painter !" and, to his sur
prise, Eustace found that in that household
at least, he was hero, and the young artist
never felt more reverence for his art than he
did as he listened TO the account of the good
his picture had done.
For some time Charlie had kept the sketch
and had been afraid to show it to his father,
but the man found it by chance one day,
and
at was more than could stand SIR" he
said, addressing Eustace, did not reed
any one TO tell me what it meant but al.
though | wondered where it came from
was ashamed to ask. Somehow could not
get the picture out Of my head. even used
to dream of it at night until it fairly worrie
me, so that | gave up the drink and had
the picture hung up there, that might not
have chance OF forgetting what | dragged
myself down to once"
So the story ended, and in his heart Eus-
tace Carroll is producer of that little sketch,
hanging in a common black frame over the
mantepiece of the country cottage, than he
would be if he should paint picture that
would make his name famous throughout
| his life Chauerb0r.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
Breadth OF the United States.

In the course of discussion in school the
other day, upon the extent of the British
possessions as compared with those of the
United States, this paragraph, from the
October number of the National Repository,
was alluded to:
"Few people are aware that the proud
boast that the sun never sets on the British
Empire is equally applicable to the United
States. Instead of being the western limit
of the Union, San Francisco is only about
midway between the farthest Aleutian Isle,
acquired by our purchase of Alaska, and
Eastport, Maine. Our territory extends
through 1879 of longitude, or 17o more
than half way round the globe. When
the sun is giving its final CLEAN to our
westernmost isle, on the confines of Beh-
rings Sea, it is already flooding the fields
and forests of Maine with its morning light,
and in the eastern part of the state is more
than an hour high. At the very moment
when the Aleutian fisherman, warned by the
approaching shades of night, is pulling his
canoe toward the shore, the wood-chopper
Of Maine is beginning to make the forest
echo with the sound of his axe
The school Immediately took the writer
to task and an investigation followed, with
the accompanying results Eastport Maine,
is in about SO longitude west from Green
wich OF the Aleutian islands, the Ameri-
can Cyclopa lila says;
"Altbough the Aleutian chain is usually
regarded as co-extensive with the Catherine
Archipelago, an appellation applied to all
the islands of this region in honor of Cath
crime II. of Russia some geographers do not
include in it Bshring island and Copper
island, near the Asiatic coast. These are
known as the Commanders islands and are
situated in about 1889 west longitude"
Allowing that the latter islands are in
cluded, Eastport is distant from them 1869,
$40 less than half way round the globe and
TO less than that given in the Repository.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12

JUDGES OF TEAcHERs.-If teachers must
be examined, why can they not be permit
ted to be judged by person from the call
ing2 Why must the doctor, the lawyer,
and the minister be called in to judge of
the fitness of person for a profession they
have never learned ? 1t is public conceit,
encouraged somewhat by many teachers,
that everybody knows more about school
room management aud work than teachers
themselves. We have in mind lawyer
who imagines that he understands perfectly
how a class should be taught, and we are
confident, from an intimate knowledge Of
his character, that he is entirely incompe-
tent TO teach or manage even small dis
trict school.-Bdrnes' Educational Monthly.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
Greatest Common DlyisOr.

Judah Dana, principal of the state nor
NAL school at Castleton, gives the following
method for finding the greatest common
divisor and least common multiple, after
the principles are fully understood. We
think it the quickest and most practical
of any we have yet seen. lie says of it Z" If
any one knows a better, please let it be
known"
First, in least common multiple take an
example containing no number which is
both prime, and prime to all others, as 2, 3,
4, 8, s, ~, IS. Since the least common null
tiple cannot be less than the largest number
in the set, l see whether it, the largest, is
divisible by each of the others if SO, it is
the least common multiple; if not, it is not
possible for any number between that and
its double, to be the least common multiple ;
so try twice the largest in the same man
ner, if that is divisible by each it is the least
common multiple; if not, try three times
the largest, and so on, until find tin
the above set it will be 4S. If there are
numbers both prime aud mutually prime,
as and in the following; 2, 4, 8, 6. Z,
8, ~, l6, set them aside aud find the least
common multiple of the other numbers, and
then multiply by the 3 and 7; in the case
given it will be 4Sx5x7.
In obtaining the greatest common divisor,
no number larger than the smallest one of
the set can possibly be the one, SO | look to
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
A Fine Apple.

A friend, who we suppose is reader of
this paper, sends us some apples by express,
and we find in the box slip of paper say
ing" Give name to small apples and your
opinion Of the quality of the Others" but
does not sign his name. We are unable Ia
comply with the request TO shame the small
apples" but it is easy to say that the large
ones lover eleven inches in circumference
and with the very smallest cores we ever
saw in any apple) are very nice eating in
deed. We do not know the name even oil
these, and should be glad Of some particu
lars from our anonymous friend. The large
apple may be the Fall Pippin, or the Hol
land Pippin, but we have not those varieties
for comparison. Our acquaintance with an,
but the hardy sorts is limited TO old recol
lections, and what we see at fairs.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12

iake region OF equatorial Africa.
WHAT HE DID FOR GEOGRAPHY.
He gave nine months TO the exploration
Of the Lualaba, or rather to the Livingstone,
as he called It, and as IL must be called for
all time. Before he went out on this mis-
sion we knew there were two rivers-the
Congo and Lualaba. We knew that the
Congo ran into the Atlantic Ocean, but its
source was lost in cataracts. The Portu-
guese were content to scatter few settle
ments about its mouth, and trade for gums
and ivory along its banks. But it was an
unknown river beyond the cataracts. We
knew there was river in the middle of
Africa called the Lualaba we knew it had
a swift current, that it was river of large
volume. But beyond that we knew nothing.
Some had one theory, others had another.
Livingstone was convinced that it ran into
the Nile, and who would question even the
theory of so great MASTERY What Stanley
did was to show that the Congo and Lualaba
were one and the same that the Congo, in
stead of losing itself among the rapids, was
to force itself into the very heart of the con-
tinent; that the Lualaba, instead of going
north and submitting to the usurping waters
Of the Nile, was TO turn to the west and force
its way to the sea that these two rivers
were to disappear from the map, and be
known as one river-the Livingstone; that
this river was to be 1900 miles in length /;
that for nearly ten degrees of longitude it
was to be continually navigable; that its
volume was 100000 cubic feet a second /;
that the entire area it drains is 100000
square miles-in other words, that here was
an immense waterway 8 900 miles into the
center of Africa, navigable, with the excep-
tion of two breaks which engineering science
can easily surmount-a waterway into a
tropical empire, rich in wood and metals
and gracious soil, in fruits and grains, the
sure home of civilized empire in the years
IN comev
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12

SUPERINTENDENTs SHOULD TRY to put
themselves in more vital communication
with the people, for the illustration and ex.
PLANTATION of their work. True, the public
schools are always open to visitation but
the people who ought to visit them are oc-
cupied in school hours. An occasional eve
ming lecture, with classes to illustrate the
new method of teaching, would draw the
parents, however preoccupied. Every coun-
try-district school-house should be open for
occasional evening meetings, led by the su-
perintendent for discussion and the instruc-
ton of the people. What would become of
any other class of public men who met their
constituents so seldom as the superintend-
emit There is no necessity for this stag
nation of popular interest around the school
house.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
agricultural lrparf,renf.


Code greatest thought IL home. From seraphim,
who speed them through the universe on feet
And sapient wings, and do the will complete
OF God unbldden, so nj one with him.
Down to the lowest life that crceps Its dim
And idle journeys underneath our feet,
All creatures have their home, some nxed retreat,
To which for rest they wend or ny. or SWIM
There were confusion otherwise, or strife.
Hence instinct-zeal to choose or build sways all,
And loves domain, that none mly dlsobey,
IL broadened out from what hath merely life,
Yea, TO the path on which at eventual
The weary feet tread out their homeward way.
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12
Nemperanre.
MOTHER AND SON

Yesterday saw mother
with her dear eyes full Of tears,
And her heart 80 true and tender,
Beating with a thousand fears,
Weeping DER her PROSTATE darling,
Brought home at the set Of sun,
Wounded, robbed Of name and honor
He, her son, her only onel
BY the hand Of friend or foe7
Was he dead or was he dying7
Had he stood up like hero,
Bravely, ere he fell so low7
All the mother heart made answer
To itself In signs OF pain;
"He was wounded In bar-room,"
Then her tear-drops fell like rain.
Wounded deeper by the serpent
Nestled in the social glass
Than he could have been by bullet
or the hostile sword, alas
Scared In soul as well as body
On the worlds great battlefield.
Where 40 many meet temptation,
Where so many tempted yield
Long that mothers gray hair mingled
with the brown locks Of her boy,
Long she sought for consolation
AT the FountAin-head Of Joy;
TIL hope, white hope. blossomed
sweetly when her prayer was done;
:" lie may yet be saved" she murmured-
He. my son. my only oneF
Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-11-12

CLOSE CALoULATIoN,-A few years ago
when boarding around :" was more com
mon than now, it happened in town in
Vermont that one man was 10 board the
teacher just two and a half days. On the
third day, as the teacher sat down 10 dinner
the man of the house said, Madam, sup
pose your boarding-time will be out when
you have eaten hall dinner, but as don't
wish to appear mean, you may eat nearly ~
much a. usual"