davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1879-07-25

| According 10 ad7ices from Yokohama -
eeived ID San Francisco, thu japanese export
duties On cotton and six manufactures, silk
aad cotton raixtares, made dresses, porcelain,
precious stones, laeaaered wares, broIzss,
manufactured botaboo manufactured copper,
payer fans and umbrellas, were 70 have been
atoltshefl On the first u July. Tits will be
i god news for the admirers 81 japanese por-
eelatn. bronzes, and 50 forth, as there Will nov
~ nc particular excuse for the dealers In
those articles to charge Ten prices for them
Is they have been IL tie habit 81 doing.
The snt-treasary ID New YORK + being con
verified into fortress. Steel bars and shutters
: ere being put up to protect the windows Of
TIE basement and first floors. The shutters
VIII r. pierced Tor rifles, 50 that the garrison
Lay fire. % al attacking mob % any portion
OF the adjacent streets. The roof tae building
Will have three tuIrets OF steel, from which
tne tops Of other houses may be swept By
Gatling guns, and other preparations are
being made which will enable small force g
: hold the fort against heavy odds until rein-
foreed. ne vast accumulation OF coin In the
vaults, a hundred and fifty million dollars, Is
Supposed to Offer temptations for the organ-
Eaton OF q thieves plot, OF an attempt %
tEe part of communist mob, to capture and
fgh tie institution
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1879-07-25

The st. Louis Republican mentions the
shipment Of 5000 bushels Of wheat last Sun
day for New Orleans, ths first considerable
movement that has been noted for some time.
An export interest would also SEEM to 5e devel-
opiag In corn, for 5000 bushels d No. 2 ac-
company the wheat to New Orleans referred
10. and oa the twenty first Instant there Was
I sale II 81. Louis 81 10000 bushels baIk corn
Il soF the same destination. The Republican re-
i ports freighss by rail East and South IN
] ehanged, bat higher By river to New Orleans
szd Elekaharg
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1879-07-25
y g be revived as shipping interest To tfis
Australian fleet, ard, At the rate o. Increase
since tie beginning OF the year, y will nrlfia-
Der q hundred vessels before 1880.

5aA1Go bsA6 D58kMA2si8 al bfaS TSfSfs - " q
Der hundred vessels before 1850.
The revenues Of Great Britain during the
fiscal year ending June SO were S4is, i0l ,S55s
compared with s39s, $1,000 during the pfeyt-
| Gus year. ~ this revenue about 800, 100000
were nrff,ueed y customs, sf35, 0D0,0e0 by ez-
else duties. s55,ooo,0oo from stamps, $4,000
COG from the land tax and house duty, $40, Doc
ODD from the income tax, 81, 9oo, 600 FROM crown
Esrlfs. ssf. 0eg,9 600 profits on the postal ser
vea and $4,000 profits On the telegraph
| servfcs. Comparing the two years the chief
Increase was in the income tax, which yielded
nearly sfs, 000 coo more, while stamp sales fell
81 III, 10000 TIE Increased Income tax yield
was produced by raising the rate q tax frora
three pence to five pence ii the pound.
4 recent number o. the Dsayso O1seia4 says
Of the coffee crop Of Salvador, Central Amer
ica: Since January i, 10000 qaintaIs 81
coffee havs been exported, and about 5000
fa1tntais are estimated az still remaining In
the country, which will be shipped Ii one 81
two months. At prices ruling during the sea-
son, the sale OF the crop will bring the coan-
try nearly 100000 Large additions are
being made % already prosperous coffee e.
tates, and many are eTabarksng for TIE first
time Ia the business OF coffee culture. Should
The present enthusiasm ON the subject con-
time, the crop will be doubled Id three years,
aHd in q very snort time comparatively, the
expectation OF this valuable cofaEa odity should
reach half a million quintaIs yearly"
We published yesterday a paragraph refer
ring to the growing importance OF corn
faaaizey III Western Europe. That article
promises to be much more important this
year than svsr before, AZ the failure o. The po~
tat0 crop In France, and q poor yield Of hay
Iii England, must universally Increase the de-
rosnd for feed. Under shIs condition OF things
corn At present prices may prove 70 De cheap.
The Chicago Tribune, In al article On This
subject, says I'm recent years it has ranged
III this market as about 10 per cent Of the
price u wheat. It IL little less than that
nov. But We may YET move q Hssle nearer
to the state OF the markets In 1859. Ia Sep
ternber OF that year wheat sold at 10 cents
and corn at "a cents. The next month wheat
sold at IA cents and corn at 81 csnts. In 1854
tbs two ranged much more closely together
than In recent years.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1879-07-25
LOCAL MOVEMENT +.

Sales to-day 160f aafas market aona taaEly aa-
changed fair demand.
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1879-07-25

sEw oELEAss CLEARING zoEsE-
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1879-07-25

ENNxxuMe4 On skKEa rage
The New Orleans daily Democrat. [volume] (New Orleans, La.) 1877-1880, 1879-07-25

STATE DEBT ORDNANCE.
It n O'clock a. M che special order Of the
day s0r that hour was taken up on Fts third
reading. being Ordinance No. ksf, Concern
ing the State debit
Mr. Lyons moved that The ordinance aonGw
finally 1asa, On which motion he moved the
previous question, witch was seconded by the
Convention
On the final pasaags Of the ordinance the
Yeaa and lays resulted az follows.
Ieaa-Masars. Baakin. Bel, Blanchard. Bot
ten, Break Green. Brian, guIow. Es,rran-
Caffrsy, Caafss, ChIapelia Claiborne, Collins.
golv1n, Cunningham Davenport. DaHidson
1t Claiborne, Denis. Billiard, Eaatsrfy. Eff
wards, EstopInal5 FaaIk, Fayrat FornsaE Cas-
k,ass George, Gtrar1, Covers Hagara, Hsnry
akt, Jotfrton, Kelly. Kemp. Eerncehan.
kloblseE, Lalsnz, Leaae, LeGardeur. r.
Lyons, Marks, Willard n6raiand, Moara &c
LafGureher ManGays Mcconnell. Witt. 0g.en.
Olivier, OFT, Partaage. Phelps, Poehe, Rich
arftson, kIve1, Robertson, Semres. stagg.
Stone. SErIngfeElows Sasherlin, Th0npson-
Todd. Vance. Watkins, Wsfls, WhtEs-TI~
Says-Messrs. Alaan- Baheoek. EEaEvanu.
Bottle, Bctdgar, Bgrne, Cahens Carey, DaVid-
Gardner, GIa, Crimes, Gtlertngsr. Hslry of
Cameron. Hougn. Kennedy, Lagans Land
Landry. Loan, Long Lott, L5iehfES, M az
rnewS MeLrZ- Moore CT Sc LaEGryY NesTfGaEs.
Paraee, PIaehbaeE- Ecsss.a. seif. sInony snslIa
ct st. Mary. Stamps Stevenson. stewart.
15rovieh. Williams ct Terrenennes 1eung o.
Coreordia-E.
A6seIs-Mpssrs- Eenhams Bourgeois ,z -
rar. DAVIS. F0n5aIisu. Iankinas Ltd LII
Eirsn1an. Marshall Naguez. PaIGeE Esahs
= :. - IacEs0n Steele, Warzotn, e6ns
MfTIfanss sf Grant. Young of EzsaE SaIah
Rau1e-sa
The following members 1efora the vote
CsnE1nue1 On stxta Pare.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24

A CURIOSITY Frank Boskowitz showed us
yesterday some scarf pins which are mechan-
ical curiosities, and at the same time pretty.
In one the head is fly, perfect in color, shape
and motion, and it does dot buzz around ones
ears or tickle his nose in post prandial nap.
Another is perfect beetle another a dane
ing girl. The figures are perfect and the de-
signs very chaste. Frank brought them up on
his last trip from the Bay.
INSANE MAN.-Henry Golfer, an alleged in
sane man was arrested yesterday. He is very
quiet and tractable. Up to within short
time ago he was working on some of the
ranches in the valley
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24
DALY'S TROUBLE.
that sort

George DAILY published the following card,
over his name, in the Bodie papers, when or
dered to leave the camp. 1t reads very manly,
but still George has decided to leave:
To ALL Coop CITIZENS The lawless ele-
ment of the Bodie Miners Union have passed
a resolution ordering me and several men in
the employ of the Jupiter Company to leave
the camp within twelve hours. We have
been by the law of our country declared inno-
cent of any crime or wrongdoing. We are
American citizens, and as such are entitled to
pursue our respective avocations free from
molestation. This right we propose to main
tain, and we call upon all good and true men
in the community to assist US in so doing and
in quelling the turbulent element now dis
turbing the peace of this community. Il is
our belief that this obnoxious and violent
resolution is not the sentiment of majority
of the Bodie Miners Union, most of whom
we believe to be good and true men, but il
merely the voice of the mob, and will be re-
pudisted by every good man in the Union.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24

Would LIKE TO KNow.-A great many in
this city would like to know why the man
Burke who was thrown off the Opera House
sidewalk, and had his leg injured, was not
taken to the County Hospital, in place of being
treated in the Jail. 1t is said that one of the
County Commissioners was applied to for
permit to have Burke taken to the hospital !;
but the Commissioner replied that the person
who injured Burke should pay for his med
ical attendance, and that he (the Commission
cry would not admit him to the hospital If
the County Hospital is not for the INDECENT
sick, We would like to know what it is for.
ARRIVALS following passengers ar
rived per southern stage yesterday afternoon:
Miss S. Samons, NJ. Tobey, J. Roberts, H.
C. Ward, H. Ambold, 81. W. Fish,
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24

LAND PATENTS. following land patent
was issued at the State Surveyor Generals
Office yesterday: w. E. Grifin-Lot 4, sec
ton 2, township, 81 north, range OIL; south
west quarter of north-w west quarter section 2,
township 81 north, range 51-80 2-100 acres
QUIET TIMns-A dullness prevades this
city just at present which is nearly dis
tressing The question is, what must be
done to create a more healthful business
circulation No one seems to know, and
the majority to do not seem to care.
DnPARTUREs.-The following passengers de-
parted on the southern stage yesterday morn
ing: George Hall, Alex. Gray, d. Avrison,
p. Taylor, Fl. Fobert A. Burbano, George c.
Marks, r. +. Lord, G. d. Brown, s. Plat,
N. Brennan, }. r. johnson.
NEW SUIr.-A new suit was yesterday
commenced in the Second Judicial District
Court, by Jacob Klein against John Wag
ner and George A. King, to foreclose mort
gage on the Carson Brewery.
YoM KIrrUR-The Jewish Day Of Atone
nent the most solemn of all the Hebrew
holidays, falls on next Saturday. The day
is devoted to fasting and prayer.
DIEp-.In this city, September 23d, Lillian
Nightengill, daughter of Mr.. and Mrs. J. M.
Benton, aged months and days.
Governor Kinkead yesterday appointed
Captain C. A. Witherell a Notary Public, to
reside at Como, Lyon County.
Losr.-A dark liver colOred, double nosed
setter. The finder will please leave him at
this Office.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24
NEW STOCK.

Bosko has just opened the best selected as
well as the fullest stock of goods we have
seen this side of the mountains. He has a
superb line of clothing, among which are
suits from $40 upward wonders of cheapness
and models of taste He has also complete
stock of cloths. cassimeres and vestngs, in
Guiding some fashionable styles of genuine
Tweeds, whichhe is prepared to maketo order.
lie showed us also a gum overcoat which is
packed in a common sized wallet, and hunting
boots no heavier than common dancing
boot He has also an immense stock of gents
furnishing goods, valisss, trunks, satchels
and various small wares, which we cannot en-
numerate. His stock of scarfs, neckties,
gloves, etc., is very full and selected with
great care. Bosko is ready to show them
without charge, and they are worth examining
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24

oTrIos OF THOMAS PRICE, No, 524 sAcRANEsro ST.,
Sal Francisco May "a, 1850.
hRssRs j. 8. TAYLOR Co. Gents: have made a care
l examination of both bread and biscuits prepared
my direction by the use Of your CHAMPAGNE BAK-
Inc POWDER, and find that they do not contain alum
or any other injurious deleerious ingredients. Re
spestfully submitted.
THOMAS PRICE. Assayer and Chemist.
ssp23 2m
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24
CHAMPAGNE YEAST POWDER.

Nsssns JAMES 8. TAYLOR h Co.-Gents: Onrbaker says
that your CHAMPAGNE YEAST POWDER is the best ne
has used. Ono teaspoonul to 4 quart of -four is
simply perfection He make good oak with
three times the quantity Of any other. Yours truly
SHARP BROTHERS.
San Francisco.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24

MORNING BOARB

MORNING BOARD
UpsIr, ~, 42I5.
Could & Curry, u, n1s,
Best L Belcher, lsA,
california, So "a
Savage, IA, l4H,
Consolidated Virginia, 5si
rstOsi, 51s,
Hale 4 Norcross, l41., 1917,
Crown Point, 3 40
Yellow Jacket, 1872
imperial, 80, 80.
Kentuck, 4 40, so.
Alpha, is.
Belcher, 4 25, AS.
Confidence, l01E,
Sierra Nevada, 4s11, ~.
Utah, 20s<, 1873.
Bullion, "a, ~.
Segregated Be cner, 20.
Exchequer, 61.
Overman, 9l3, 9.
Justice, 4, IS.
Succor Sc.
Union Consolidated, 1914 IS.
Alta, g., 6.
Lady Bryan, 95c,
Julia, q, 10.
Caledonia, 50.
Silver Hill, 20,
Chal enge, 2I2 30
New York, Csc, G0c,
Occidental, 60
Roodville, 40c.
lady Washing ton Con. l o..
Grown Point R.vine, zoe, 25s.
Andes 90c, l so
Ward, 90, 2 Is,
Scorpion, 90.
Leyathan, Coo, she
North Con Virginia, s.
Benton Con, 80,
Golden Gate, 2l2
Con Dorado I75.
Flowery, SOC.
North RonauZa | 60 | IS.
Morning appeal. [volume] (Carson City, Nev.) 1877-1906, 1879-09-24

DR.. r. j. WHITE,
once. On King street, at rear Of Wills
DrugHtcre,
~ Residence at the Arlington House, hsom No. 10.
Calls promptly attended, night or day.
Carson September 10, 1878.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-04-19

II 90 Of his more rational monents be
rave Tie doctors . brief account Of his u.
psrisacs - an opium saler. He aid that
while playing = match game Of baseball,
several years ago he IVES Fit In the aide with
8 ball, which came flying through the air
q . terrible speed. Two of his ribs wsrs
broken and he vas injured internally. The
physicians who attended him gave him
small doses Of opium to allay the pain and
secure him sleep 1t night. The result was
that Francis acquired . taste for the drug.
It was not long before he required an ounce
of fluid extract Of opium daily. The habit
grew upon him rapidly, and at last the large
quantity Of Eve ounces was required each
day-from one-half to one ounce being
enough to kill an ordinary man. He made
desperate efforts to escape from the habit
but in vain.
Fran&s il . member of q respectable
ia Brooklyn. His opium habit in
capacitated him for business, and his friends
to give him money to purchase the
drug. In his desperation he resorted to
theft. Although he is only 26 years Of age,
the effects of the opium have made him
look like q man of SO. Deep lines are in
his face. his cheeks are sunken, and his eyes
have . peculiar CLASSY appearance. Ten
years ago he was one Of the most popular
professional ball players in the country.
At one time he was paid . salary Of $4,000
per annum and q share in the gate money
for his services as pitcher. He distinguish.
ed himself in matches with the Atlantic
Club, played with the Haymakers, the Red
Stockings, and other noted organizations.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-04-19

The secretary Of the treasury has decided
to redeem the 10-40 5 per cent bonds. and
has issued a circular Offering for sale
$50, 900 of4 per cent at a premium Of
one.half Of / per cent at par, with accrued
interest. A Washington correspondent
states that this is the first time any govern
ment found its credit good. enough to de-
mand from money owners q premium on
4 per cent bonds. Up to this time the 4
per cents haye been offered at par as the
secretary is by law prohibited from selling
them at any less but the liberal terms he
has offered in the way of commissions. and
double interest when exchanged for called
bonds, have practically reduced the price
of the bond from a quarter to a half OF q
cent below par. Now he demands a prem
ium, and reduces his commission from one
quarter to o%ne-eighth.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-04-19
ENOUGH TO Kill. FIVE MEN.
A Man Who Wants to Eat Five Oounces OF
Opium Each Day.

Man Who Wants to Eat Five LOUNGES Of
Opium Each Day.
New York Star.
"Opium! Opium! for heavens sake give
me opium" cried a poor fellow in one of
the wards of St. Vincent's Hospital last
night. The doctors and Sisters Of Mercy
who surrounded him kindly but firmly re-
fused to give him what he wanted. They
a mild narcotic, which mitigated
but did not stop the mans cravings. The
man who was begging 80 piteously for the
drug was Thomas Francis, once . we'll
known baseball player, and formerly pitch
er for the old Atlantic Club. He had been
sent to the hospital from the Ninth precinct
police station, to which last he had come ~
. prisoner, having been caught by Mr.. Hen.
~ Van Buskirk, of No. 81 Eighth avenue,
stealing some crockery from the kitchen.
In the station-house Francis said that he
had stolen the crockery, intending to sell it
to get money to buy opium. he was put in
to . cell, but he had not been there long be-
fore he began to rave like . maniac. The
police surgeon was called and he found the
prisoner trembling like an aspen and suffer-
ing from extreme nervousness. The man
was 90 seriously i'll that it was resolved 70
send him to the hospital. It required the
united efforts Of two strong men to hold him
in the ambulance on the way however, and
in his %paroxysns he bit the hand Of one o.
the surgeons. He struggled when being car
ried up the steps at the porch, and Tough,
! when taken into the ward.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-04-19
VEGETINE
Chills, Shakes,
FEVER AND ACUE.
TAhnoRO. y. %, ls7t.

xAhhOHOs Az S.s Aotes
Dsor Sjr-I feel very grateful FOL. what your
valuable medicine. VeGotine. has, done ~ my
family. / wish to express my thanks by INFORM
Inn YOU Of the wonderful cure Of my son aisn.
sine / ever saw Tor CAsls, Shake. Fsvsr and
1ovA. NV son was sick with measles ~ 1879,
which left him with Htp.jotnt, disease. MY son
suffered . great deal Of pain. All OF the time /; The
pain was SO great he did nothing but cry. Tine
doctors did not help him = PARTICLE ne could NOT
lift his foot from the floor. he could not move
without crutches. I read your advertisement IN
the " louisville CONVERSATIONAL. THAT yIeKetine
was a great Blood Purifier and Blood Food, 1
tried one bottle, which was . great oeneht; He
Kept on with the medicine, gradually gaining.
Completely restored to health. walks without
crutches or cane. He is twenty years OF age. I
subject to Calls. Whenever he feels one COM
ing on, he comes in, takes q dose OF v'eEettne,
and that Is the last Of the ChiU. ..vegetine leaves
no bad effect upon the system like most OF the
medicines recommended for Chlils. cheerful
" recommend Vegetine for such complaints. l
think 1t Is the greatest medicine In the world.
Respectfully, MRS. j. w. LLOYD.
VEaET1NK-When the blood becomes lifeless
and ~stagnant, either from change of weather or
Of climate, want Of exercise, irregular. diet or
from any other cause, the VEGETINE will renew
the blood, carry off the putrid humOrs, cleanse
the stomach, regulate the bowels, and tmpart q
tene Of vigor to the whole body.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-04-19
WADE HAMp1oHs ARRIVAL

Washington. April 16.-Clad in a suit of
confederate gray, Gen. N. C. Butler walked
in from the ena cloak-room about half
past 3 this afternoon, accompanied by Wade
Hampton. The famous ex-governor and
now senator hobbled awkwardly and slowly
upon a pair Of green covered crutches. He
wore a huge loose black suit that did not fit
him any too we'll. The two South Carolin-
iane walked to the presiding officers desk,
Thurman met them and administered the
oath, every eye in the senate being turned
upon the new conner. The oath in its mod.
i6ed form took but but a moment, when
Hampton was shown to his seat upon the
outer row of the senate. The brown color,
6eshy face and general appearance Of health
belle the really feeble condition of the new
senator. His face disappoints most people.
he looks heavy and rusty, not half the man
in appearance that is his colleague Butler.
He Is pulled under the eyes and his mus
tache and side whiskers are 90 heavy that
they almost obliterate all expression. His
heavy shock of hair thickens the ambush
from which eyes stare stolidly only about
half face not hidded. His southern col.
leagues, headed BY Lamar, gave him ahear
" greeting.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-04-19
THE LAND OFFICE REMOVAL.

Upon the subject OF the removal OF the
Springfield land Office the editor of the
Springfield Times writes.
The Times has no desire to wrongfully
accuse or m%isrepresent anybody, and while
we are not yet quite convinced that this re-
moval scheme was concocted and pushed to
of it having been obtained in Yankton, we
shall nevertheless possess our souls in pa
thence until such time as we can secure the
bottom facts concerning it. 1t hardly seems
probable that the department at Washing
ton would undertake to make so sweeping
and radical q change in the whole system of
land districts in this territory without first
having consulted the people most vitality
interested therein, through their represen-
tative men. If such has been the case,
then they have pursued q course that has
no precedent, and one that is unjust and
without warrant in equity in our judgment.
We are assured in a private letter from
Delegate Bennett, that he did all he could
to avert this removal scheme, and urged
the department to unite with him in an ef-
fort to secure the establishment of a new
land district for the Kampeska region, which
was per-emptorily refused. This would
seem to indicate that the, main desire was to
secure the removal of this Office rather than
to meet the demand for an Office in the re-
gion referred to. by the establishing of an
other. And just why the department
should insist on such a course, without some
outside pressure having been brought to
bear against this Office remaining at Spring
field, is a mystery yet to be solved, and one
we cannot account for. = Perhaps the Press
& Dakotaian can explain this enigma, and
solve the mystery.
Notwithstanding the contrary assertion Of
the Times, the government does frequently
make sweeping and radical changes" in
matters in which the people of territories
are interested without consulting the desires
of those people. The removal of the
Springfield land Office and the changes
made in the districts is an instance of such
action, for we sincerely belieye that very
little was known about it outside the WASH
ington Office until the order was promulga-
ted. We have been told, by a gentleman in
a position to know, that the Chicago &
Northwestern railroad company is response
bic for it, and that such is the fact is a very
reasonable conclusion. Through the change
a land Office has been located on the line of
that c%ompany's road. The Times can rest
assured that Yankton had no finger in this
pie. The manner in which the districts are
recognized is proof of this. Yankton is
not so generous as to voluntarily take all of
the old settled portion of Dakota as its land
district and give the unoccupied lands to
other districts. No sir. Please DOM charge
that upon us.
Daily press and Dakotaian. [volume] (Yankton, Dakota Territory [S.D.]) 1875-1880, 1879-04-19

The secretary Of war. having been asked
to issue rations to the starving negro refu-
gees at Kansas City. replies that he has no
authority to order such issue and refers the
applicants to the congress now In session.
A good place for distressed Africans to 60
for relief,