The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1879-09-06
FARM AND GARDEN.

REMOVING METALLIC SUBSTANCES
FROM GRAIN.-rhe introduction of
graln-binding machines employing iron
wire to bind the sheaves very quickly
led to the discovery that the bits OF
| wire, cut of each time q sheaf was
bound, caused u great deal Of trouble in
tho after process of grinding. The
ends Of tho wire mixed with the grain
reached the mill only to break and
| scratch tho stones and machinery, and
70 produce friction and heating that
sometimes resulted In setting fire to
tho mill. So serious became this mat
ter that the millcrs objected to recciv-
ing any grain bound in lnachines using
wire. Fortunately, the difficulty has
bcen surmountcd by the introduction
of appliances for removing the bits Of
iron from the mill. Experiments show
cd that a common magnet hung In q
grain-spout would catch and retain par
tcles OF metallic substances mixed with
grain. Several methods Of accomplish
ing the same results are now In use In
western mills, and they may be divided
Into two classes; those using pernlau-
Ont magnets and those using electro
magnets. 1t has been found that a
dozen machine" magnets (prcferable
to "hOrSeshoe" on account Of their
shape) hung in grain-spout are sutll-
cient to arrest every particle OF magne-
tic metal, from pieces Of wire several
centimcters long, down to iron filings
and metallic dust. The usual plan is
TO saw off Il portion of tho top of the
spout and to divide 1t into three pieces
and cut holes in each piece for tho legs
Of the magnets, placing four magnets In
Il row across the spout. This gives
three rows Of magnets placed directly
or diagonally across the stream Of grain
the diagonal position being considered
the best as the grain Is driven from side
to side III passing, and brought into
close contact with the magnet. The
magnets may be lifted out of the spouts
in groups Of four by taking off one of
tho covers, and may then be cleaned
and put back without disturbing the
others. Another method of hanging
the magnets is to cut three slots across
the spout, and hang the magnets on a
rod with blocks between them to keep
them In position. Ny this arrangement,
the magnets may be removed one at
time, enough OF them remain to keep
up the work while the others are being
cleaned. The metal adhering to the
magnets is easily brushed of, two
clearings in n day being found sufficient.
BY employing bars Of sofC iron in con-
nection with coils OF wire and bat
terry, clectro-magncts may be used, and
In lifting out the magnets it will only
be necessary to break the circuit, when
tho metal adhering to them will Instant
ly drop on. Another form of appara-
tus employs horseshoe magnets, having
Il paper or wooden filing between the
legs, set upright on the ends of arms
revolving horizontally in II circular
tank, very much after the manner Of
some forms of miNing-machines. The
grain is delivered at the edge Of tho
tank, and Is pushed by the revolving
magnets toward the center, when it es-
capcs through an opening i'm the bottom
of the tank. Another device employs
series of permanent magnets and
travelling apron for conveying the grain
away after 1t has passed over the mag
nets. The only advantage Of the use
Of electro magnets is in the facility Of
cleaning them by breaking the circuit
and de.nagneting the iron. BY suita-
bic clock work this can be done auto
matically, provided there are appliances
for shutting OFT the grain and for catch
ing the metallic dust when the magnets
are thrown out of action.
AVOID giving tired horse very cold
""'Si 40 !" oltSh pio'tSSS SoiiS. LII
large establishments exhaust steam is
passed through the horse trnughs; ; 9TH
ers allow the water to stand for some
timo In buckets. On the road horses
should be watcrcd once in ten miles at
least. The stomach Of a horse is so
small In compal ison to his body that
large dranghts iujuriously distend it;
consequently, small quantities at rcgu-
lar intervals is the best rule.
IT Is n great mistake to keep cattle
stabbed all winter and then turn them
out In spring, exposing them to cold
storms of wind and rain. Stock csDc-
cially dairy stock, and all animals Civ
ing milk, should be carefully protected
in the spring until the days and nights
a rp wO rm