New-York tribune., 1879-09-30

most remarkable p3t in the revolutionary contest
They have suffered imprisonment they nave Hsheu
their ves some Of them have been condemned 10 hsro
labor one at least was sentenced TO be shot Karl
Blind freely expresses the opinion that the doom OF
Carbon is sealed The auocracy must either pehu uy
making concessions TO the more intelligent popular WILL
or be utterly broken and uprooted
The FortnighHy has paper OF some sgnincanoe, ~
W. l.. Courtney. which under the title OF " The New
Psychology" examines the theories OF the late u H.
Lewes and their bearings the materastic tendencies
of modern speculation remarkable change nc
airms has taken place in the study of psyeholoeS i
England within the last fifty years The dlnefenee
between the last published work OF Mr. Lewes ana 'he
Logic stuart Mil. almost amounts TO the intro
duction order of tbings II not to an absolute
revolution The systems Hume and Kant are not less
divergent than those OF MIL and Lewes Mr. MIL treats
OF experience the result of individual acquaintance
with cosmical facts, while Mr.. Lewes explains III III
larger sense as the inheritance of the whole human
race. Mr. Mil contends that the mental phenomena
cannot he deduced from the physiological laws OF our
nervous organization, while Mr. Lewes asserts that
certain condition is the correlate of mental state
The former seemed 10 understand the importance
evoopment in mental science while the latter never
fails urge the influence exercised on the nina Dy the
social me iium IN which live and the laws of hered
iy as exp.aiuing mental forms and innate ideas Tie
causes of change according to the writer may be
found In The study Of biology II is biology which has
suggested the recognition OF the organism as one oil the
elements of psychological research IL is biology when
has introduced into the textbooks OF Mr.. Bain
and Mr. Herbert Spencer such terms as " nerve " ana
"nssue." organ aud cell" "neural iremor'" ana
muscular reaction" II Is biology. moreover. which
has initiated the application OF the law of development
TO the phenomena Of the human MUD The Impulse 10
tins movement partly from Germany. me sue
SCISSORS Of Kant vino developed his philosophy on the
lines Of experimental research prepared the way for the
Oh IN wa.
Balm and Spencer in another, were the result. Mr.
Jewes himself is much more the disciple of Fechner
Iotzc aud Wundt, than OF John Stuart Mill Another
article in quite different line. and possessing consider
able popular interest by George saintsbury treats OF
Two Men Of Letters" Charles Lever aud IheOphhe
Gauilcr. The writer draws parallel between the per
sona character and general habits Of the two authors
dwelling upon the vanity, extravaganza. and reckless
ness of the former and the quiet ana
kindly nature and the devotion 10 literary art OF inc
latter Both in different ways what Is called men
OF pleasure but Lever charatan and spendthri
making use OF his literary faculty to furnish the means
for his extravaganza with scrupes Of conscience as TO
the quality Of his work Gautio the other hand, con-
tinued to toll for his bread at an ace when
most men seek repose from their labors. No
man has done more for the Illus ration OF French htera-
ture OF the capabilities OF the French language. Ills
works have always been the especial delight of men o
letters his country. and the consummate pcflec
The biography OF Gautier bears exclusively literary
sramp. It abounds with literary conversations and
recoectons Everywhere the talk is Of books the way
TO write books and the merits Of books when written
In the biography o. Lever there is nothing Of the Kind
No literary interest is attached TO the work. andlt
might ms well he the life Of politician or man OF busl
ness The article closes with original remarks on
the spirit Of clique among men OF letters. There are
many reasons II alleges against their berding together
as members OF class But one good result cannot be
called in question. IL tends 10 much higher standard
Of literary excellence in the discharge of merely mi7ce
laneous literary work. The Fronch writer is Often
man OF far less education and ability than his English
compeer. but lis work does not so frequently bear the
marks and haste. In the habit Of liter
ary comradeshp. Mr. Sanisbury also 6nds the essen
tas cf religion when he somewhat naIvely suggests,
Ifs an excellent thing, especially when the merit of
miscellaneous good things is fading, and pleasure.
It has 70 found ALL must be sought IN quiet occupa
tons aud in the performance Of daily TASKS"
The Annual Address of Judge Charles L.
DAILY president Of the American Geographical Society,
Is devoted TO The Ddrly Htstoycr CartgroPh showing
the progress IN the art Of nam before the tine OF
Mercaor 1t presents an exhaustive on the sub
iect consisting chiefly of original matter. and pursuing
an inquiry which, with the exception OF santarem's
work on the CosmOgraphy and Csrtography Of the
Middle Ages" in Portuguese, the Polish geogrSpher
Iclewci's work on tue same subject and brief paper
by the late NJ DAvezac upon the history of the proec
ton Of geographical maps, has not heretofore been
treated Of In any language. Tie period embraced In
Chief Justice Dalys essay exencs over space Of more
than 1000 years. prior the production or the large
map world by MeIcator over three centuries ago
Although an occasional Discourse, and prepared In the
scanty leisure frou urgeDt official duties 1t abounds
with rare and curious information, presenting variety
of facts of peculiar and of permanent value to
the geographical stadent. and clothed IN compact md
perspicuous style which viii reward the attention Of the
general reader. Amonograph on 50 recondite subject.
bel such wide research, conscientious labor and
accurate learning is only in the highest degree cred
liable 10 the literary accomplishments OF the author
but presents attractive novelty well rich ac-
ousition to the miscellaneous stores of American era
ture.