davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
BoletiÌn mercantil de Puerto Rico. (San Juan, P.R.) 18??-1918, 1879-06-04

Novenario.-Esta noche da princi-
pio en- San Francisco el de San Antonio
con mucha solemnidad. Ell jueves IL,
dia de Corpus, por la noche, habra sal.
We solemne y ell 13 misa con paneglrico.
En- estas dos funciones tomaran parte
varias seiloritas, excelentes aficionadas,
Y diferentes caballeros. A peticion de
las personas que estan al frente dc esos
actos dirigira la parte llrica { toda COM
posicion suya) el acreditado professor
d. Genaro Aranzamendi que Sc ha pres
tade< generosamente para 81 mayor real
&c b, los cultos.
+ Atroz. DE tai puede califcarse el mo-
do de desahogarse la atmosfera en- todo
el dia de aver y gran parts de la noche.
Todos los extremes son viciosos, dice
un antique axioma. Nal 81 nos abruma
prolongada sequla peor 81 en- vez de
lloviznar dilavia ell cielo con insistencia.
Carne. -Durante los dias Z, s, 9y 10
del corriente mes Sc expendera en- esta
Ciudad la libra de carne de res vacuna,
ell primer dia a 18 cuartos 6 scan 9 cha
vos, los tres restantes q 20 sean 1C
chavos.
i Obligad al pelo a crecer !-Debajc
del c1tis superficial de una cabeza cas-
calva existen cantids des de germenes
de peio que solamente requieren el es
4 timulo necesario para hacerlos produc
ltiyos Para actiYar q estos elemeuto'
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Wesley and Toplady, who wrote

Wesley and Toplady, who wrote
Rock of ages, cleft for me-
were earnest theological opponents
but they met together at the cross of
Jesus, and their two great hymns now
stand together in all our best manuals
of sacred song, showing us that the love
of Christ is mightier than denomina-
tional ramparts, and that while polemi-
cal discussions are soon forgotten, the
grand heart-hymns, embalming Jesus
as the only hope of glory, still ring on,
consoling Christians of every creed,
and advancing the Redeemer's king
dom. Whether Wesley's or Toplady's
hymn is the better one, cannot say,
unless 1 know the occasion for its use !;
but would rather ask: If Luther wrote
the best Judgment hymn; if Watts
wrote the best heaven hymn if Heber
wrote the best mission hymn; if Top
lady wrote the best Christ hymn, did
not Wesley write the best death hymn .
Does not its blessed ministry attest its
excellence?
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Some Quick Replies.



DR.. B, who was for many years as
sociated with the University of Virginia,
was noted for his quickness of retort,
and some of his repartees, which are
fading out of contemporary memory,
are worthy of preservation.
Once, many years ago, being on a
visit to Washington, he thought he
recognized friend in the man who was
Immediately before him.
elbow are you ~ he said, clapping
the supposed friend Familiarity on the
shoulder.
The stranger, turning stiff1y, answer
ed with some resentment:
my name is Hull, SIR"
81 beg your pardon" said the pro-
fessor. 81 was looking fol the Colonel"
On another occasion as he was walk
ing, looking intently at something in
the street, a man coming in the opposite
direction, and who was gazing with
equal earnestness into a shop window,
ran shoulder to shoulder against him.
The stranger, drawing himself up with
extreme hauteur, said:
Why did you run against me 7"
With equal severity the professor
answered in exact imitation of his
questioner's tone and manner:
"FOr precisely the same reason that
you ran against me-" and the encounter
ended in good natuIed laugh.
A gentleman coming into his Office
one day, said:
Doctor, why do you keep your room
so hotq 1t is like an oven.n
81 must" he answered promptly,
''fOr it is here that make my bread.n
On a visit to New York publishing
house, against which he had claim for
six hundred dollars, he was ushered
into an Office where one of the firm sat
OH high Office stool pompously Smelling
letters. The professor stood awaiting
recognition but no notice was taken
of him. Finally, the small business
man, twisting himself around on his
perch, said, in the most supercilious of
tones:
"What ~
That" said the professor, handing
the order for the money.
The business was settled without al
other word.
A very tiresOme civil engineer had
been vexing the righteous soul of one
Of the University professors, who, for a
joke, and to hid himself of the nuisance.
sent him to DIR. B. with his engineer
ing schemes, as to a cOngenial and
sympathetic soul. He therefore came
with high hopes, and unfolded his
schemes several times with wearisome
multiplicity of detail to the devoted
professor, when the listeners impotence
made itself felt. The engineer con-
tinued to say, "Just one moment, Pro-
lessor, one thing more" Finally, his
bearers much tried patience showed
signs of giving way whereupon the
patentee again said:
Il only want 10 show you one thing
more, Professor. have invented a
snort method Of boring mountains.
ble.r
My dear sir" burst forth the wearied
listener, IF you would only invent a
short method u boring individuals yoa
would oonfsf n lsstiae i.ss-. ca, the
rae s'rr VagiBeer departed.
A wo1id-hs hfterafeur, Who Wa the
heal OF large variety and notion bust
ns'ss, Was constantly Annoying The doc
tef vita DIS ptetsosio1ss. Oa one coca
sisN be- said
Doctor, ] have Gn idear-
i No, 90 my dear h aid the doc
tet little imPasieotiy, ''yoa are mis-
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29

CURSED BY INNOCENT BLOOD.-A lady
who recently visited Mountain Mead
ows informs US they are now the very
picture of desolation. Before the Nor
mons murdered one hundred and thirty
one innocent men and women and chill
dren there 1858, the meadows were
known far and wide as a paradise in
the desert, with an abundance of
grass, crystal streams and ever-fowing
springs. To-day the grass is gone, the
water courses dried up, and nothing
but dreary waste marks the once
beautiful spot. Gods curse is upon it
as it is upon those who murdered the
innocent emigrants and the rude mon
ument upon which is inscribed, even
geance is mine, will repay, saith the
Lord" is there to keep green in the
memory the terrible massacre of the
emigrants. The earth, our informant
tells us, is sinking, and the bones which
were gathered up after the massacre
have thrice been buried, but will out to
tell the damning tale. Settlers in the
vicinity say the country is haunted and
the winds bring to their ears piercing
cries for help which echo back to the
mountains and over the plain.-,Salt
Lake (Utah) Tribune.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Gods Unfailing Promises.

Surely 1 will be with thee. Judges
6: Is.
L will surely do thee good. Gen
30: II.
Surely blessing, 1 will bless thee,
Heb. 6: 10.
Surely in the floods of great waters
they shall not come nigh unto him.
Ps. 81: 6.
Surely his salvation isnigh them that
fear him. Ps. IS: 9. ft
Surely he shall not be moved for
ever: the righteous shall be in ever
lasting remembrance. Ps. liz: 6.
Surely know it shall be well with
them that fear God. Feel. 8: IL.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
PATENTS.

r. H. E D d Y.
No. &c State Street, opposite Kilby Street Boston
Secures patents in the United States also in
Great Britain, France and other foreign countries
Copies of the claims of any Patent furnished by
RENTING one dollar. Assignments recorded at
Washington. No agency in the United State DOS.
sesses superior facilities for obtaining Patents or
GceTtGiRing the pGtentGbiti:y of Intentions. X. II
EDDY, Solicitor of Patents
TESTIMONIALS.
II regard Mr.. Eddy one of the most successH
and capable practitioners with whom l have bad
official intercourse. CHAS. MASON.
Commissioner of Patents.
Inventors cannot employ person more trust
worthy or more capable of securing for them an
early and favorable consideration at the Patent Of
flee. EDMUND BURKE, late Commissioner al
Patents"
Boston, October 10 lS1G
*. IL. EDDY, Esq.-Dear Sir: you procured for
me, IN 1870, my first patent. Since then you have
acted for and advised me in hundreds of cases and
procured many patents, reissues and extensions
have occasionally employed the best agencies in
New York. Philadelphia and Washington but /
still give yOu almost tha whole of my business in
your line and advise others to employ you.
Yours truly GEORGE DRAPER.
Boston, Jan. 1, 1S79.-1y
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
reu deal in notions, not in

taken, you deal in notions, not in
ideas.n
On another occasion the same gen
tleman broke. in upon a conversation
with the sudden and irrelevant ques-
ton,
'Doetor did you ever read Shaks-
peare ~
The listener struggled moment in
silence with his indignation, and then,
assuming mystefed air, asked in the
most commonplace tone.
HWhat Shakespeare 7"
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29

- - "a WEEK in your own town, and no
~ capital risked. You can give the
u 80 - business a trial without expense
VS - The best opportunity ever offered for
~ ~ those willing to work. You Should
try nothing else until you iO
yourself what you can do at the business Offer.
No room to explain here. You can devote all yOur
time or only your spare time to the business, and
make great pay for every hour that you work.
women make as much men. Send for special
private terms and particulars, which we mail free.
80 Outfit free. Don't complain of hard times while
you have such chance. Address II. HALLETT
& CO., Portland, Maine. t.JunesO
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
A GOOD FARM FOR SALE CHEAP.

Situated in Burke two miles from Burke Hollow
four miles from West Burke and Depot. On a
good travelled road summer and winter. Said farm
contains two hundred and forty acres of choice
land /; good apple and sugar orchards; cuts from
seventy to eighty tons of hay buildings and fences
barns; School within sixty rods. Will sell stock
and tools with the place. A greater part of pur-
chase money can remain on the place, secured by
mortgage if desired Possession given at once
WILLARD BUNDY.
Burke, Caledonia Co. Vt. Mar 25 1879. 74tf
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Are Ycu GOING WEST ?

n - be sare All :, o.. HARvEY's EXCURSION
fiCkets sssia % AZ principal points IN tho West
leaving - 4ahhs-ury hy special Train IA hrat
ctaze ears aith spesfAi nrrf Las ear Montreal %
FanF ~ pasfF hzeEaEe checked through In
iansi. save ui..asY sni uuie rhd ga with Harvey
Fur Z. ~ parih .allfa car sr addross
4. G. HARVEY,
we~t-ra sand -sna Ticket Agent.
"a Johnsbury VI
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
JERSEY STOCK I
FARM FOR SALE.

The subscriber wishing to change his location
and business offers for sale his farm in Wheelock
Caledonia County Vt. containing one hundred
good heavy growth of wood and timber land, on
which is six hundred good sugar trees. Cuts for
ty tons of hay, is well located good road with
in one-haf mile of the village; buildings and
fences good, and in good repair, with the best of
running water to house and barns. Will sell stock
and farming tools with farm if desired Possession
given Immediately. A part of the purchase mon
ey can lay for term of years. secured by mortgage
on the premises.
WILLIAM CHASE.
Wh6elOck. March If
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
w. ]. BRAY, Contractor and
Builder.
JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
BUILDING MATERIALS

For salei timber, ioice, boards, clapboards and
aths, cedar and spruce single, doors windows,
blinds, mouldings brackets, ladders hardware for
building. lime; paints, wall paper aud everything
necessary for building. will not be undersold or
guderbd by any one that will pay 100 cents on Oh.
dollar Give me your plans and let me Job and
you VIII not have any moro trouble about &C. Blinds
IN the white, or painted. trimmed and hung To or
der For want Of space. will not name the bnii-
dings that have built being over % IN number
mostly dwelling houses. stores, and horse barns
scattered all over this village SO my references
are al tl,s I.stlin~ business men and the men
have buiit for in this town. dclivcr lumber aud
material 70 ali parts q the city.
Thanking uiy numerous friends for their liberal
iatrunaso / am now prepared "a do all kinds of
purk ~ tkc day o. lob a prices 90 suit the tnea
viii furuish al the materials Tor building OF not
a. desired BY partis. wishing b. build | take ipb.
frtsu Ne buttan ~ the cellar 30 the tor al a.,
CD urneys Plans add sIccidcat1ns furnished vybe,
Castrea b being prumpt aud attentive 10 sal
aest hoIc - merit -s..,., u Your mast
- -. -s..srg oi TIE public patronage
AHNFEb-fifty thousnnd feet OF clear dry
Spires, bass ssd pine lumber
kateasoce ON Railroad street opposite Portland
stresi,
- sshnsbuiy. M-rch. is7s.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29

MIR n n TO $1,000 A YEAR, OF S. to $40 a
VHhENEEday in your own locality. No risk
uMN.EHtIEWOmen do as well as men. Many
VHVV Vmake more than the amount stated
above. No one can fail to make money fast. Any
one can do the work. You can make from 50 cts
to 81 an hour by devOting your evenings and spare
time to the business. 1t costs nothing to try the
business. Nothing like it for money making ever
offered before. Business pleasant and strictly hon
orable. Reader, if you want to know all about the
best paying business before the public, send us
your address and we will send you full particulars
and private terms free samples worth IS also free;
yOu can then make up your mind for yourself.
Name. tJunes0
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Concord DYE House.

Ladies' and Gent garments cleansed, dyed and
refnished in the best manner.
N. M. JOHNSON, Agent
Railroad Street
Goods received by Monday will be returned the
last of the same week. Unsaleable goods redyed
and put up in marketable order. 91-02
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Building Lots.

For sale in the village of st Johnsbury, building
on two sides by the Passumpsic River and over
looking Railroad Street, Summerv1lle Paddock's
Village and portion of ST. Johnsbury ram.
For beauty of scenery and healthfulness OF To-
cation this situation is unrivaed. Those desiring
homes will never have better opportunity for
securing the most desirable location and on the
most reasonable terms. No fancy prices asked
Lots will be sold at prices ranging from S2S9 10
$3.50. If j. l.. PERKINS.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Tax Sale in Barnet,

Tax Payers in the town of Barnet, in the county,
of Caledonia, are hereby notified that the taxes az
sessed by said town and by the State of Vernon,
for the year 1873, remain either in whole or in nt
unpaid. on the following described lands in xiii
town, to wit: ''u
LIST. Barn, Shed, Planning Mill and mill land Of
Richard E. Peabody, in the village OF McTndoes
Falls. State Tax $2.65, State School Tax .a
Town Tax 1858. ''
I'd. One acre of land and BallOu Block in Barnet
village; one acre of land and Tannery and Hail
House in Barnet village; II acres and buildings
being three-fifths of White Farm near West BIZ
net village 40 acres of land and buildings benz
homestead in Barnet village; 65 acres of land
called the hill lot near Barnet village all the land
and buildings of j. ID. Abbott in Barnet aforesaid
State Tax $780, State School Tax 1901 Town
Tax 1878, of which taxes s17O0 have been paid.
And so much of said lands will be sold at public
auction as shall be requisite to discharge said
taxes with costs, unless previously paid. The
premises first above named will be sold at the L.
e. Peabody mill in said McIndoe's at ten O'Clock
in the forenoon, OH the 10th day of September A.
ID. 1879; and the premises secondly above named
will be sold at the residence of j. d. Abbott in
said Barnet at one o'clock in the afternoon on the
10th day of September, A. ID. 1879.
Dated at Barnet, in the county of Caledonia this
10Th day of August A. d. 1879. ''''
1896 CURTIS G. HARVEY, First Constable
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
.Ggfafeg.
JAMES S. soMERs' ESTATE

STA4TPB OF VENOM t MT CALEDONIA DISTRICT 8,
st. Johnsbury, within and for said district Oce in
18th day of August. A. ID. 1879. VII Tic
An instrument purpOrting to be the last will -
testament of Lecty. Bean, late of Sheffield and
said district, deceased, being presented to Conn,
for probate: u
1t is ordered by said Court, that all persons co,
cerned therein be notified to appear at a session m
said Court, to be held at the Probate Office in 81
Johnsbury, on the 30th day of Aug, A D. $50
and show. cause if any they may have against ~
Probate of said Will; for which purpose 1t Is f e
Their ordered that copy of the record of This orI
be published three weeks successfully in the CaIa
DOMAIN printed at st. Jehnsbury, previous 10 si5
time appointed for hearing.
By the Court Attest,
HENRY FRENCH, Register
A true copy of Record, Attest,
1896 HENRY. FRENCH Registor
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29

MARY II. PALMER'S ESTATE
1NI The subscribers, having been appointed br
the Honorable Probate Court for the district az
Caledonia, Commissioners to receive, examine and
adjust all claims and demands of all persons agains,
the estate of Mary H Palmer late of Water.
ford in said district, deceased represented
insOvent and the term of six months from the 18th
day OF August 1879, being allowed by said Court
to the creditors of said deceased, to exhibit ami
prove their respective claims before us: Give
notice, that will attend to the duties of aI
pOntment at the dwelling house of Luther Hem.
ingway, in Waterford, in said district, tie
10th day of Sept, and 18th day OF February next
at one O'Clock in the afternoon, on each of sad
days.
95-g7 a. B. GOSS. Commrs.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
TIM e TABLE
DAILY EXCURSIONS
To Lake ChampIain

The steamer wv. B. EDDY" viii run in
connection with Express Trains making a daily
line between ST. JOhnsbury and PIattsburR n ".
CONDENSED TIME TABLE.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
GREaDYI mixed IplIRTsI
yAusaaK's DRUG STORE.

y. ~ 81, 81 1ohnsbsry.
EF- The~e Alnes Paint. arr .a-. 50, n. A.
y. Notsts>s fessunup.atf, -. o.. CITF-FIisss
west sirsesrsi. asd a. A.. srII-H., ~ J.l.,,..
S~fs Ns~the- tSspt ~ ~
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29

.1a asrSSS. 1ss - :" ~! r.ss asss ts -.
a. = - VIA ss FURNISHED 10 paFtis. III taa sr
mare a. the following igw prioss
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
Jesus, lover Of my soul.

and as the last words sounded, sank
beneath the wave, leaving holy calm
ness in the hearts of those that gained
the shore. blessed death song" says
DIR. Cuyler, eff we could choose the
manner Of our departure, we would
wish to die singing:
Other refuge have none.
Hangs my halpless soul on Theer'
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29
MOUNTAINS
AND THE SEA SHORE.
r O U N D RIP
TICKETS

will be sold at all sta
tons during the season
of travel.
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29

Psrtise esn s.oP - .; the lEisaas 4 s,..iT.a.
q. %. ~TEVESs sFwrT-r
Gen Pass. Ant sus.oftster.,..,
sL SehnseaFy. W. guly IS. - aln
St. Johnsbury Caledonian. [volume] (St. Johnsbury, Vt.) 1867-1919, 1879-08-29

No, aoi my dear H said the doc
tet little impssieotiy, ''yoa are mis-
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-31
An Astonishing Fact

A large proportion of the American peo-
ple are to-day suffering from the effects of
Dyspepsia or disordered liver. The result
of these diseases upon the masses of in
telIigeut and valuable people is most
alarming, making life actually burden in
stead of pleasant existaIce Of enjoyment
and usefulness as it ought to be. There
is no good reason for this, if you will only
throw aside prejudice and skepticism, take
the advise of Druggists and your friends,
aud try one bottle of Green's August
Flower. Your speedy relief is certain.
Millions of bottles of this medicine have
been given away to try it's virtues, with
satisfactory results in every case. You
can buy sample bottle for ten cents &c
try. Three doses will relieve the worst
case. Positively sold by all Druggists or
the Western Continent,
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-31
A Sure Thing.

DR.. Hunters Specific and Injection No.
l are warranted to cure Gonorrhea, elect,
Chordes, Structure, diseases of the Kid
neys, Bladder aud Urinary Organs of
males and females.
Dr. Hunters Specific No. 2 is sure
remedy for spermatorrhea, seminal weak
ness, nightly emissions and less of power,
caused by self abuse or excessive lndul-
gence. Price of DR.. Hunters Specific, 81
per bottle; injection, ST. Sent every
where by express. DR.. j. Dinsbeer, sole
proprietor, No. Ais North Seventh street,
St. Louis, Mo, Send 2 stamps for a
treatise. Cures guaranteed, or money re-
funded.
DR.. Dinsbeer will treat all chronic dis
eases, and furnish medicines, for less
money than any other physician in St.
Louis Write or CALL
The Rock Island Argus. (Rock Island, Ill.) 1877-1885, 1879-01-31
ill be presented to the Senate tomorrow.

will be presented to the Senate tomorrow.
1t is shown that various evils and abuses
grew up under the administration of Indian
affairs by army officers, and notwithstand-
ing the reformatory legislation of March
Sd, 1847, they continued to grow up to the
last hour in which the War Department
had control of the Indian population. and so
little had been done toward Indian civiliza-
ton under the War Department manage
ment that public opinion had acquiesced in
the assumption that the Indians were not
susceptible to civilization. 1t is estimated
that if all fighting Indians Of the country
could be got together they would not mus
ter more than $4,000, and the idea of their
ever concentrating for warlike purposes is
simply preposterous, because il is impossi-
bic. lndian wars on large scale are over,
and we may reasonably hope that that por-
ton of our national history is in the past. In
reference to the sentiment of the Indians on
the subject the Secretary Of the Interior
made to the committee statement, giving
the views and votes of various tribes, which
gives an average vote of Is to against the
transfer, nearly all tribes being unanimous
~ opposed to the proposition All religious
denominations in this country are abso-
lutely opposed to the proposed change of
management. Their opinions and behests
deserve and should receive respectful
consideration, That we have among the
quarter Of a million Indians some unruly
tribes is lamentabe fact, and to this your
committe would respectfully call the atten-
ton of congress. We are of the opinion
that in such special cases the military
should have temporary control, and the
president have power to place such war =
like or unruly tribes under military disci-
pline, the same as he would city or state
terroIized by mob law or revolution. That
the Indian can be anglo, is
prove beyond all cavll in the case of the
Winnebagoes and Omahas, who reside on
reservations In the state of Nebraska.
They live in comfortable houses, have
good barns, cultivate their land, and raise
as good wheat, corn and potatoes as are
produced through the labor of the white
man. They have churches and schools,
and no more orderly community can be
found than on these two reservations
They are petitioniDg to become citizens, a
question of such vital Importance in their
case that it must soon be solved. is it
necessary to place these people under mil
| itary management? We think not.
Whether the management Of the Indians
remains where it is, or is relegated to the
war department, the general system OF
reform and improvement should continue,
and among the most important things
commanding immediate attention is to
provide that the civil law of the United
States be extended over all Indians.