davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
RAISING PIGS

II The most important thing for the swine
breeder at this season of the year is to get
the greatest possible growth, from his
spring pigs. There is no. period in the
life of the hog when SO great return
for the food consumed is possible as du-
ring the first six months, and it is here
that the advantages of skillful feeding are
apparent, Unless great care be taken the
growth of the pig will be seriously check
ed when it is from three to five weeks old
The milk of the dam, which was ample
to promote rapid growth in the litter Of
pigs during the first two or three weeks
lis not sufficient to answer the demands of
the same litter as they grow older; hence
1.-THE pigs should early be, taught to. look
elsewhere for a part of their sustenance
This is an easy matter. "A little milk OF
nutricious food of. any. kind, in liquid
form, placed conveniently by, where the
| pigs can have access to it all times, bu
| beyond the reach, of the sow, will soor
do the work, and it should be replenishec
frequently through the day. IF this is at
| tended to, there will be no "stunting O
| the pigs at this critical period, and thei
| growth viii be uniform and rapid; a
/ good clover pasture is a valuable adjunct
/ and helps wonderfully, The true secre
/ of. successful pork making is to pusl
! the pig from the date of birth until it i
4 big enough for the market; and the ear
lier the age at which this point can be
reached, the greater is the return for tn
/ food consumed. ~. -. 49, ~..a..s.
/ "A s1op made OF. corn and oats, groun.
in about equal parts, with little oilmea
4 added, makes the best food for the SOW
while sucking, to increase the flow Q
/ milk; and this, with clover pasture AM
/ plenty of soaked corn during the sun,
4 mer, will promote a rapid and health
i growth of. the, pigs,--Nat. Lf0e .Sfoc
II 1ouynaL, Chicago &. - 49, {.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
AN OPPORTUNITY FOR SMALL,
A<14ts*'' S FARMER c. .T31fgG 9H3

The work on the railroad which IS to
connect this city with Texas is progress
ing SO rapidly, and the prospect of its
completion within a very few months is
50 promising, that we again take OCCASION
to call attention to the suitableness of the
rich and beautiful country through which
the road passes for farming purposes
There is not anywhere section of coun-
try that combines more advantages It
is well watered, the soil is very fertile,
and the climate is salubrious The win
tiers are so mild that fires are seldom or
never needed, except for cooking purpo-
ses, and the heat of summer is tempered
by pleasant breezes. Wheat, corn and
other small grains can be grown with
profit Sugar and cotton can be cultiva-
ted with as much success as in any other
section of the State. Oranges, peaches
and all other fruits and vegetables which
grow in this latitude can be produced in
abundance. In fact, there is everything
in favor of this section becoming the par
adise of small farmers. The land can now
be obtained for very small price per acre,
and emigrants in search of homes would
consult their interests by considering its
advantages before settling elsewhere!
When the road is completed the chances
of obtaining choice land at a low price
will of course, be considerably diminished.
The demand will then increase, and the
price also This section of country, and
particularly that portion of it between
Vermilionville and Orange, has. not here
tofore attracted settlers because. of the
want Of transportation facilities. There
was no way of getting its productions to
market which would not absurd almost
their entire value. People do not care to
live where they cannot sell what they raise,
| The railroad, however, will bring about
a great change. In very short time these
| fertile lands will be brought in close con-
!. necton' with one of the best markets in
| the world 1t will take only a few hours
/ to reach this city from any point along the
| line of the road. Persons of little means
could open small farms and establish dai-
ries, raise poultry and stock, and cultivate
vegetables and fruits in connection with
/ their FARMS They would find an of these
things very profitable. There is a great
want in this market of good fresh butter
and of first class fresh meats. The sec
ton of country of which we are speaking
is well adapted for producing them. In
fact, there is no reason why this part OF
the State, so favorably situated in respect
to markets, and SO abundantly1 blessed in
the matter of soil and climate should not
almost Immediately become divided up
into small farms and settled by thrifty
progressive, and an intelligent class OF
farmers. The railroad company ought to
take this matter in hand, and not only
make known the advantages which the
| country tributary to their road offers tc
emigrants, but also offer inducements, in
the way of transportation to settlers.-N
| O. Times. adj gi lJ--d ~ edtagm 35lit
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
EIGHTEEN MILLIONS OF BALES.

s. The New York Express says the clique
controlling the cotton speculation advance
or depress the market at their pleasure,
and have one day runup prices to realize,
and another day run them down again in
ordef' to execute what is known in the.
stock market as a. SCOOP AS showing
the magnitude of the transactions lately.
it may be stated that since the 18th inst.
the sales have been over i, 100000 bales
including over 100000 bales during the
last year. dI bias ,sbaad s9dfa a5ns tsa'ssaa
The sales for future delivery since. last
September, the beginning of the cotton
year, have been close to .IS, ooo, 900 bales,
and the crop has thus been sold nearly.
five times over 1t is rumored that Mr..
Keene is operating in cotton, and engin-
eering the present. maneuvres. The
movements are certainly directed by a
bold and master hand, and an intimate
friend of Mr.. keene recently stated that
that gentleman was engaged in cotton
speculation, having forsaken wheat for a
while. q sdl SIS l..arssss.5 50 yst.7 a.ff..
81 The cotton trade has not had such a
shaking for a long while, and the turn of
future events is awaited with interest.
There is little or no legitimate trade being
done now. A prominent operator, said,
"there is nothing but reckless gambling
going on at PRESENTLY O. Times III
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
DON'T LET THE WORK FLAG.

DON'T LET THE WORK FLAG.
The month of May is apt to be a duh
time among the Oranges, for the reason
that blowing and planting and the null
titude of pressing labors connected there
with, seem to impress the farmer general
ly, that he is too tired or not leisure enough
for any outside duties, The 'Grangelis per-
force made to have often times scarce a
quorum" To say the least this IS very
discouraging to those who attend. A topic
prepared in advance may be talked over
where only half a dozen are present,
perhaps as profitably as when the house
is full-but not half so pleasant, OF course,
allowances must be made for busy times
and seasons, but it is questionable whether
NOTED by long hours of unremitting toll,
continued during the period Of planting,
growth, and harvest. We believe change
is taking. place in this respect, Work in
the eornfield an hour or two before break
! fast is thing of the past. Aside from the
| discomfort, some of our best farmers now
| doubt the; expediency of the pillow while
| the dew hangs heavy. In other words
better, work and more of it, with better
health, attend reasonable hours of labor
in the long run. To be temperate in rec
reation and labor is 40 less duty than in
eating and drinking. There is too much
in the outcome of the Grange to let the
work materially flag. The only way t
avoid this is to resolve to make the Grange
session a success socially and education
ally. Be prompt and regular in attend
anee. Go prepared to learn of the mem
bers there, some agricultural fact or prin
lciple, Go resolved to state your lates
item as to the growing crop. With thi
spirit, the members viii not be satisfedtt
meet once a month. = Grange Bulletin.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
AYSHIRES US. HOLSTEINS.

/. +, Editors journal of A9yiculfure:-I
short notice in your issue of March 18th,
the placing of Ayrshire and Holstein cat,
tie on the premium list of the St Louis
Fair for 1879, you say: "Many of them
|, 1.-THE farmers) have never seen the Hol-
stems, and very many have an idea that
the Ayrsiiires had, to use an expressive
Western phrase-"played out" l should
not wonder but it might be better for the
farmers if they never saw Holstein, for
as the american AericulturfSt Justly
describes them, i"They are large, coarse
boned CATTLE" and as intelligent stockmen
know, coarse, large bones indicate poor
feeding quality, late maturity and coarse
flesh, in connection with large proper
ton of offal and cheap prices in the CAR
cass when slaughtered. They are also
large feeders, and in proportion to the
amount of food consumed, are neither
profitable for the butcher or the dairy.
= They were tried in Scotland many
years ago, with special reference to their
milking qualities and their capacity for
taking on flesh. But as regards the for
'mer, they were found inferior to the Ayr
shires AS to the latter, they could not
complete with the Short horn the. Here
ford or the Polled Angus zfot3aco1q n
Now, as to the Ayrshire being ''played
out" am not aware that they were ever
"played in, to your Western Ssates-to
the great loss of the Western farmer. That
they are.in healthy condition in the East
ern States, and slowly moving West, the
records of the herd books sufficiently
/ need not here mention individual in
stances of extraordinary yields of milk
| made by Ayrshires, but will say that the
average is as high as ever it was, and to
show how highly they are valued by the
greatest living authorities on dairy mat
tiers in this country will give one or two
extracts from recently delivered speeches
Professor Arnold, in speech delivered
at Sheakleyville, Pennsylvania, June 10th
.fI87S, said: eff you will keep Ayrshires
I you will find that about seven out of ev-
cry eight are fine mixers. Thus, in 9
1 herd of "a natives, you will average
eight good cows, while in the same mum
Der of Ayrshires you would have II
i Now, as it takes all the product of an in
ferior cow to pay for her feed, you vii
aisee that the difference in profit between
eight good cows and twenty -one gooo
COWS, is the difference in favor of the Ayr
shire. sherd.''1i The Hon. Eastburn Reed
! er, in leeture delivered before the Penn
/ sylvania Dairyman's Association; 60
| the production of, milk in large quantity
from given amount of food consumed
4 the. Ayrshire COW, has no equal. Accord
ing as our object be, the production o
milk, beef butter or cheese should be gov
| erned by the selection of our animals
4 And fol the production of these fou
4 great staple products, | would not, il
/ making my selections, go outside of thre
distinct and purely defined breeds, an,
/ they are, the Short-horns, for beef, tn
i Attorneys (including both, Jerseys am
Guernseys for butter. and the Ayrshire
for milk and cheese. These three breed
. are destined, in my Judgment in, time, {
, root out and supplant all others yssel
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
seNIEw PROCESS" COTTON FAC
IN -fa;tarrfTORIES.r sfrir5ft.-, anil ss-

Individuals, companies, or Oranges, intending
to establish Cotton Factories ON the New Pro-
cess" or Clement Attachment plan, would find it
to their interest TO address the undersigned. I'm
Outstanding thoroughly both the sold and the
s'new process, having assisted to put up the "oid
process factory at Nashville and operate for SIX
years, and put up and operated the first Clement
Attachment, and also put up the Bluff City New
Process Cotton Factory in this city, he is pre-
pared to put up "new process" factories at any
pointin the South. He will be assisted by corp
of competent machinists, and will supply an ex-
perieneed machinist to operate each factory he
guarantees satisfaction, $50 .s...ff s-.5!.i ).
He refers to Col. F. E. Whitfield, ST., Corinth
Miss, Gone of the proprietors of the Clement AT
tachment patenD, w. B: Tabert SnPe per nc
Cotton Factory, Nashville, Fenn, W. Moores,
Superintendent of Bluff City Factory, and tothe
Editor of. THE PATRON OF HUsBANDRY, Go
lu,nbus. Miss Address, b. b. SMITH, ,,c-
Marcella Falls, Lawrence co.., Tenn.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21

{. Nothing binders the constant agree
ment of people who live together but
mere vanity-a secret insisting upon what
they think their dignity or merit, and
an inward expectation of such an over
measure of difference and regard as an
swers to their own extravaganza false scale,
and which nobody can pay, because none
but themselves can tell readily what pitch
it amounts to-. Thousands of homes would
be happy if, this were written over the
mantlepiece and the offenders could have
the courage to apply it to themselves.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
THE GREAT SOUTHERN
= Poultry Y ard, llu

Trenton, Dade county, Georgia.
JoHN McMAHAN, Proprietor, Breeder Of Thor
oughbred Game Fowls exclusively 5lt
Parties wanting superior, reliable Fowls, should
send for my Descriptive List of Strains, Prices,
etc. l have the famous North Carolina Clay
Eyes, a strain of Birds that has never known
defeat in a cock pit, and has record running
back beyond the memory of man. also have
Col. Bacon STRAINS and Boiler breeds--al war
ranted to stand the steel. guarantee my pa
irons satisfaction in all sales. Address as above
+ Can furnish Turner'S Rules at rs cents per
copy. t3fsf yiofiit9fq 5aa IN apl26
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21

Cattle when changed from green to
dry feed lose in short time from four to
eightsper cent of their weight. A steer
may gain fifty pounds of flesh in a month
when first changed from green to dry
feed, and yet weigh less than when on
green feed, and he may soon gain in the
Spring 100 pounds when first put on to
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
COST AND PROFITS OF AG"NEw PRO
CESS OTTON-EACT0RY

The following statement of the cost of the ma
chinery of the "new process" cotton factory at
Westminster, s. c., and the daily expenses and
profits, will be found very interesting and sugges-
tive to farmers in the Cotton States, This actory
run by water power, and is attached to q corn
land flour mill: I'D .f.-. -. t
s| COST OF MACHINERY. 90; .-.
One card and Attachment, etc, $500 90
DAILY EXPENSES. ''
operatives, at so cents each $40 5.t.. - so
boss or manager, Y.s21E sEa Y $50
Incidentals, oils, etc.,7Ee.t 4.t-.rs. sal / so
500 pounds seed cotton at 3 cts. per pound, IS 90
ID Total daily expenses 'i~i 3' 81 so
-ii DAILY EARNINGS AND PROFITS. - orr"
SO punches yarns, pounds each, I65 lbs, T.la.
r at rs cents per pound ssraga SAG 70
1886 lbs. cotton seed at 50 per ton, f-.,gf 30
per ct. hard and good waste, say I3 lbs.
at 3 cents per ib., -' SO
Gross daily earnings, 24i-g7 JoT 81 80
Net daily profits $3.50, iam1Gl ofJ sEf I'D
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
How TO CURE A HAHN an old Pat


{, How TO CURE A HAHN an old Pat
entsohice Report of 1905 "a griculture,"
I find how to cure a ham in ten minutes.
s'Put two quarts ofbutter salt into an iron
kettle and place itover slow fire, and
stir it occasionally, so thatit does not bake
in the kettle, and while the salt is dissolv-
ing the ham should be placed on a strong
bench near the fire, and eommon-sized
teaspoon of saltpeter to be rubbed smooth
ly with the hand on the flesh side of the
ham; it will soon dissolve and disappear.
The salt in the kettle being hot, lay a
tablespoon of salt on the ham, and rub
with the hand; continue to apply the salt
to all parts ofthe ham until the ham sweats
which is an indication that the salt has
penetrated through the ham. The above
Quantity of saltpeter is for ham of &c
pounds; ham of this size may be cured
in 10 minutes. The ham may be treated
thus before the animal heatis entirely out
and is ready for the smokehouse, where il
will befit for nse in 10 days or kept9the
entire year through. Any lover ofagoed
h am, after trying this plan, will be salts
fed tits the best method IL .e.5sss8
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
GRANGE DIRECTORY, 1879.

OFFICERS OF ARKANSAS STATE GRANGE.
Mastery. S. Williams, Prairie county,. f 81
Overseer-E. p. Chandler, Dallas.3Ef =, fe.s-sj
Lecturer--C. E. Cunnin CHAM, Pulaski.
Steward--C. E. Tobey, Atkins.
Assistant Steward-W. w. Pace, 0naehita. sa
Chaplain j. NJ. Steele, Poinsett,sg8 a,e5 4ai,
Secretary-J V. Scott, Miller.sss.zaa-.-z4
Treasurer. C. Wall, Pulaski. F4 ~
Gate Keeper-G. II. Thompson, Calhoun.
Ceres Mrs. J. S. Williams, Prairie.
Pomona-Mrs. W. C. Wall, Pulaski. = s. 1900 Il
FIora-Mrs. Ella d. Cofman Sharpe.
Lady Assistant Steward--Mrs. Mary E. Pace.
Executive Committee. S. Williams, Prairie; G..
f. Tobey, Atkins; C. E. Cunningham, Pulaski J;
Thomas Orr, Miller j. V. Scott, Miller.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21

Agriculture feeds tie worlds # IS by
the hard labor of the farmer. Commerce
guides the world, it is by the superior
profits of its votaries Politics rules the
world; it is by chicanery and fraud! All
industries, however. flourish by and
through the efforts of the farmer.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21

Not only are ,toads harmless, but they
are absolutely and directly useful to US,
preambulating fields and gardens at night,
and devouring vast quantities Of injurious
insects which could never be destroyed
by the hand of man. sisl9a A9sl1 .is1aa3Eo
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
green feed, Ind lose 1t all and more too
while being shipped to Chicago. 10
HOW LONG SHOULD COWS GO
- sf-fSN%D DRYp1 te ADNkNek sEts

| If cows are well fed, it is not necessary
to dry them off three or four months be-
fore calving, but as cows are generally
wintered, they need all of this time to re-
cruit their wasted energies and gather
strength for the new demand. A cow
giving milk requires double the food to.
keep in the same condition she does when
dry. If this fact is remembered, and
nourishing food is literally dealt out to
cows. they will do well with rest of
month. We have two cows, a Jersey and
an Ayrshire, which have just come in, the
former being dry month until within
day or two of calving, and were fed on
extra feed. The pasture was the second
growth of meadow and was rank and sue
culent The Ayrshire cow was not dried
up. We stopped milking her regularly,
and the occasion reduced the bag, milking
it out clean between three and four weeks
before the calf came. The, day she calved
her bag measured twenty-four inches
from front to back, and fourteen inches
across. The calf was large and strong,
and so was that of the Jersey cow The
same cows came in last December,
after being dry a month, and did well.
We have Jersey cows due to calve in
March, which we shall dry off by the
first of January, as the fodder we intend
for them are lacking in nutrition. A
cow is better off in all respects if she is
kept warm and quiet, ana tolerably we'll
fed, than to be knocked around and ex-
posed to the cold even though she may
be allowed to go dry twice as long, Some
farmers seem to think that if their. cows
go dry three or four months they are
bound to be all right, regardless of the
treatment they may receive. This pro-
found rule is well enough but it should
be supplemented with good care, at least
humane, and plenty of rnourishing food:
and when this is done the rule may be
abolished, and each-coW- managed accor-
| ding to her individual CHARACTERISTICS and
habits. If COW, is thin in flesh and run
down, let her be dried off early in the sea
son. IF another COW is strong and in
good flesh, she may be milked nigh up to
the time of calving. and she will do well.
If time is given for the ,udder to enlarge,
and other organs to assume normal con-
dition, the requirements of nature will
have been satisfied, and this is all which
should be required. Allowing the udder
to expand and fill up seems to stimulate
the secretory glands to renewed and more
vigorous action. Being dormant three or
four months will not do it. but good food
| and the effort of nature to provide for the
coming event will do it.--E. d. Curtis IN
Lr10Heed 3Gammo5 yidEf8Lgui brs gssI-
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21

M. de Lesseps, engineer of the Saez
Canal, is evidently in earnest in the pro-
iect for the construction Of an interoceanic
canal from Colon to Panama, across the
Istrnus of iDarien. Thegimsnediate forriis
alton of a company to undertake the work,
and the proposition to open a subscrip-
ton for a popular loan of $40 100000. TO
be offered sinaultane ously throughout the
world the first Of September, promise
that an effect is to be made to put in prac4
tice the theories which were tcrystalized
in the late Congress at Paris To increase
the enthusiasm of the movement, M. de
Lesseps proposes to be at Panama the first
Of january, 1880, to himself take out the
first spadeful Of earth for the caiial 20
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
..EHB RATR0Ns IN TEXAS.

At the recent Session Of the State Grange, the
following resolution, offered by Bro. jeff. Scott,
of Milan county was unanimously adopted:
Resolved, That we, the members OF the Texas
State Grange, recommend IFls,f,ss o4..
THE PATRON OF HUsBANDRY,
published at Columbus, Mississippi by BRO, W
IL. Worthington,s a firstfeiasss Grange paper;
and one that is worthy Of the patronage and sup
port of the membership of our Order throughout
the State 'A par .*1' - ~ Asf+x
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21

GovernorSt John, of Kansas, says; AS
a matter of policy l do not consider it ad-
visable for any colored immigrant to come
without certain amount of means to
start with" Il t-,t ia,.;.-..L s,rI .,..tt. p.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
MISSISSIPPI STATE GRANGE.

Master-Put. Darden, Fayette.
Ovelseer-W. II. NJ. Durham, Lexington.
Steward-J B. Bailey, Lake.
Assistant Steward-James Williams, 0kolona.
ChapIain-D. B. Hill, Palo Alto. - .5-.'. 81 ~
Lecturer-B B. Boone, Bonneville. ---- ..
Secretary-W. l.. Williams Rienzi. s.ts. q
Treasurer-H. o. Dixon, Jackson. z-t af.-7 II
Gate Keeper. C. Galloway, Pontotoc. .a'- sal
Ceres-Mrs. Mary Lou Darden, Fayette. ..s
Pomona-Mrs. Fannie @. Willis, Hamilton.
Flora-Mrs. w. T. Robertson, Forest.
L, A. S.-Mrs. Helen A. Ably, Port Gibson. ra
Executive Committee-T. J. Ably, Port Gibson, L
T. Afford, Jackson, 7. B. Smith, Verona. .sF 7aa
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-06-21
FLoRIDA STATE GRANGE.

Master-Wm. II. Wilson, Lake City.
Oyerseer-S J. Turnbull, Williamsburg. q q s
Lecturer-Wm. NJ. Hicks, Houston. Ft t1 s
Steward John II. : Campbell, -Aeron---
Assistant Steward-T.-E. Milton, Lake Butler.
Chaplain-Rev. Abram Crosby, Waldo:
Treasurer George w. Taylor, Monticello. ? @d
Secretary-George W. Rich, Lake City, gHibE
Gate Keeper VIM. I. Henry, Lake City. e~Tvs: r o..
Ceres-Mrs. VIM. Fl Wilson, Lake City.
Pomona-Mrs. g. w. Taylor, Monticello. 4'at
Flora-Mrs. Townsend Williamsburg. zgl Ho0
L. A. S.-Mrs. N. Milton, Lake Butler. ,-n-g- I-
Executive Committee
Robert P. Rogers, Chairman, Welborn.
]. c. WOldron, Sewannee Shoals.
J. II. Lee. White Springs s44 Io ,&H.lo,I .ti-