davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
THE RAPID TRANSIT ROADS.
HOW TIE WORK on THE ELEVATED ROADS Is AD
VANCING.

HOW TIE WORK on THE ELEVATED ROADS Is AD-
vANCING.
While the residents of New-York are enjoy
ing their Summer holidays &C the waterng-paces IN
the country the elevated railroads preparing TO meet
the OF business OF next month. Everywhere the
work rapidly advancing, aud In many places Is nearly
or quite finished Along the line Of the Third Avenue
Road the stations are receiving the finishing touches
and all the platforms will be covered by Ornamen
tai roofs. At Twenye ghtu-st. new station has been
erected and Is in use. though not fully completed
At Chatham Square which VIII be the terminus OF this
road when the Second Avenue Road takes possession OF
ts dowu-town track the changes are being
made a. possible without hinderng the running
Of trains Two new tracks, perfectly level have been
placed between the old ones, winch are upon sheht
grade The chaU OF course. VIII make necessary tho
erection Of new anu larger slalon, the glf9ets Tor
which already been placed IN position The Battery
station, which will be tue largest and Disappointed
upon the line, VIII be entirely finished within three
weeks. The platforms and corridors which have been
IN for several weeks, being painted and deco
rated aud second OF rue three permanent STAR Ways -
nearly ready for Tue large wating-rooms, twenty
feet IN height will be thrown open 10 the pub lie on sun
day morning In ANTICIPATION OF large croHCs helc On
sundays, ticket Offices have been provided, two or
which vail he IN ~ all times and the others as often
as occasion requires Inc temporary passas-Wal 70 le
Coney leland pier Will DC replaced oy permanent Gov
on the Ninth Avenue Branch the work of replacing
the old tracks by new ones 10 being r,Rdy p1saed tor
fore the BEGINNING Of next year
far 70 and within another
month Will 10 ynfthst. Be-
these points progress has necessarily been very
slow at the where the route tOm Ninth
% Eghthave the grade Of the ground u 40 steep tnat
tue tracks had 20 be carried htysx feet above tue
street. ia addition this, the foundations were often
suu thirty feet before rm base could be- found The
structure nearly complete To the Harlem RIVER bat
the tracks are vet laid only the grders OF the
stations are position On the poitan East side
Branch the foundations are Ill laid and the structure ~
complete as far "A TwenTy-afth-st Work will shortly
be- begun the joint station At square, aud
hoped that trains can DO run 10 sixty-nfthst early
November.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
ASSISTING CONFLICTS TO ESCAPE.

Keeper Patrick Gatfney, Of the Penitentiary,
who allowed couyicts to escape from his charge
Monday, surrendered himself yesterday 70 Justice
Wheeler, the Harlem Police Court He denied having
concealed himself from the police 70 avoid arrest on
Warden Foxs charge OF aiding IL the escape OF pris
On the contrary he had been going around tue
city 10 search OF the escaped eOugcts aun in his
p4ny had been detective OF the Twentieth Precinct
He brought with HIM 10 Court real estate OF the
TwentysecOnd ard 10 give any bonds that might 90
required Of hi for trial Justice Wheeler said That no
would have 70 require bOndsmen Who appeared for
CT fuzzy 70 come before him for examination. GanDey.
then, rather than 10 prison desired TO waive exan
nation the Police Court aud said ne would give bali
Tor General Sessions justice Wheeler stated
that he could permits hm 10 waive examination mas
much the nplslnt against him had been
peted and could not De until Warden Fox appeared ia
Court The Warden had already been telegraphed for.
but not la wing arrived at O'Clock, Gafney was
until this morning John BrutoB the other Keeper
Is sill In the Harlem Police Court Prison.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
Figs.

FIG 0-Feneslia teaHieeps a. natural D, portion
enlarged
extending upward, giving off lateral shoots as
they 20. Ike the branches of tree. Another form
Is the CdryOcrRas OrAa!aS, or HIckory-nut Grind,
much like a Cystidean structure, IN which tho
integument is composed Of very large plates most
beautifully and deliberately oruamented. Specimens
are sometimes found with the mouth Of a snail-Nke
shell. or GasteropOd, drawn down over the mouth
of the Grind showing that the former had probably
taken up its present position through the voluntary
action of the latter while both were still living.
CSee Fig. IL Both Of these species occur at Lock
port, N Y, in shales Of the Niagara epoch. The
Niagara limestone Of Wisconsin has afforded eigh-
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
PEACRES AGALN PLENTY.

Another fine offering of 10000 baskets OF
peaches disposed Of yesterday. This quantity in
cuded sixty-one carloads by rail and twelve carloads
by steamer all for this city. large shipment went
directly easwardsxeen cars for Boston aud two for
other points. Crawfords, Old Mixons and Mountain
Roses we're fair supply for the best retail trade but
the bulk Of the receipts composed Of Early Yorks.
Prime yellow fruit sells rather more quickly than
some former seasons Crates showed VIDE range rom
soc GSI IS. Steamer lots seldom nea Tor extreme
rates. cheaper freight than railroad charges permits
receivers 70 underse stock that depends exclusively
upou tue outlet trains Baskets quoted az TO0
sOc plain 10 prime extras 81 and double extras,
81 % the rate, however, must not be accepted
in toe peach region line price. NewJersey prema
ture stock al 2545Oe per basket and was BoS In
demand The receipts Tor he first half OF August are
During the period 81 800 baskets
have gone 10 New England. principally to Boston.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16

lO-ll.-rlagara period CT1ul'ea. ~ oi'l
F1G Cup cIryo.yins or1ts 1l haying the shell Of
cup Coral and FG 10 Of the period
The seas of the Niagara epoch abouuded in Polyp-
corals and some of the beds simply coral-reefs
The prof1son OF this kind of life during the period
must have lent a charm to the world not pos
sessed by that Of the Primordial; and, only IN
slight degree by that of the Canadian period
may also mention the fact that the last OF the trne
graptotes appear IN the rocks OF the Clinton epoch
There were also numerous spouges during the
Niagara, and a variety Of sea-weeds during the
Medina and Clinton epochs
II. SALIVA PEnoD.-The Salina period embraces
but single epoch that Of the Ouondaga group, IN
which are located the famous salt springs Of West
ern New-York The rocks consist Of shales. sand
stones and limestones, and contain but few fossil
species. Beds of this period also in Ohio and
Michigan. What foreign rocks represent those Of
the Salina it is impossible positively to say.
The species furnished by the New-Yorl rocks are,
with one exception, all molluscan. They include
one Trilobite, one CephaloDod. one Brachiopod and
a few GasteropOds. II is evident that these afford
but meagre representation Of the total life of the
world at that time but, for reason, scarcely
any record Of IT has come down 20 rs in the known
beds of the period.
III. GENERAL OBsERvATIONs.-Itw will thus be seen
that the conspicuous features in the history of the
life Of the Niagara period were, the introduction Of
numerous new genera and species, some OF them re-
marzable for elegance of structure, and hence the
greater expansion of certain classes already IN exist
ence or no classes here appear that were not repre-
seuted in the Lower SIurau. The creates, additions
in the way Of new types took place among the Trio
bites, BrachiOpods and Poiyp-corals. There were,
thus, evident marks of progress IN the system OF
life and though all OF the species were yet OF
water-loving and water-inhabiting types, the pro-
gress was not the less real and positive. The great
beauty too of some of the forms may well excite
our admiration while 20 those who look upon Or
ganic types as the direct products of Allwise In
tehgence. there can hardly fail to come at times,
the thought that the production Of such forms
must have been a source of creative delight and
Joy. Those, however, who hold that all organic
beings have been derived, through the play and in
terpav of the laws and forces of nature. from few
primitive stocks and types or from single organic
cell that existed millions of years ago, may be led
by their contemplation, to entertain feelings Of adj
mirdtiou and reverence equally profound; and with
this reflection wlll close my present article.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
Figl.
UPPER slLuRlAS.

FIG Ia Canadian D. Trenton Period eds 4, rocks
Periods respectively o lowest beds OF the Devoman Age
of the oldest landmarks known TO geology,
a monument of stability and endurance; and,
could it speak, would tell an eloquent story con-
corning the events of which it was witness in the
course of Upper S1urian, Devonian, Carboniferous,
and still later geological time.
In accordance with my original plan, which was
to give a general account of Slluran life BY periods
now proceed to sketch that Of the Upper Siurian
era in this wav. The era embraces, in American ge-
oogy four different periods, which, beginning with
the oldest. are known as the Niagara, Sana, Lower
Heidelberg and. Oriskany, the rocks Of the latter
constituting the browning member of the Shurlan
system shall deal in the present article with the
life of both tire Niagara and Salina periods. since
the beds Of the Salna have afforded but few species,
and these appear for the most part, TO be more
nearly related TO Niagara than to Lower Heidelberg
forms.
l. NIAGARA PERIoD.-The Niagara period en-
braces three epochs, which, commencing with the
Oldest, are known as o. The Medina epoch, or
epoch of the Medina sandstone and Oneida conglom-
crate the latter being the lowest; ~ The Gin
ton epoch OF epoch Of the Clinton shales; and 81
the Niagara epoch or that of the Niagara limestone.
The Niagara epoch rocks in New-York consist partly
OF shales. The period derives its name from the
circumstance that the rocks are typically displayed
along Niagara River in a natural section extending
all the way from Lewiston TO the Falls, distance
of seven miles The Medina epoch rocks have
comparatively restricted east-andwest spread, lying
mostly along the Appaachlans but those of the
Clinton are widely distributed, ranging from New
York southwark 10 Tennessee and westward to
Ohio, Wisconsin and Michigan; while those of the
Niagara have an even wider distribution The foreign
equivalents Of the rocks Of the period are, in Bohe
mia at least, Barrandes stage E. in Great Britain,
following the ascending order, o. The Upper Liam
dovery, and t2l The Wenlock rocks and in Sweden
q portion of Angelin's Region" L. Rocks Of this
period occur also in parts Of Norway and Russia.
The display of hfe was still more varied and won
derful than that of the Trenton period. No evil
dence has yet been obtained Of the existence Of ter
restrial plants or animals. The highest life yet
Crustacean and mostly Of the Trlobitic tyne.
Some Of the species were of large size. One Of the
most common species of the Niagara epoch Is the
Homaoaoius, or level back trilobite, which
is sometimes nearly foot in length, Fig. p. An
nher species of goodly dimensions found with the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
Fig.4.

Bohemia
Besides TriboIites there were other Crustaceans
some of them partly and others wholly enclosed in
a bivalve shell. One Of the former called the
Cerati0caris Tor POd-hke shrimp 10 nearly related 10
the form shown in Fig. g. OF Article No 2. The
latter were of the Leperditd and BeyichiG groups
lSee Art No 81, and of small, absolute dimensions
The shales Of the Clinton group have afforded
tracks and trails Of several varieties, some OF which
are believed to have been made by worms Of the
Annelid class
Among Mollusks, Cephalopols were common,
especially in the Niagara epoch They be
long mostly to genera that began IN the
Lower Siluran. and include species of OrthOceras
some of them Of large sizel. along with species Of
Lituites and Cyt0ceras the latter meaning " cured
horn1 The Bohemian rocks of the period have
Welded over 600 species of fossils of this class.
The Pteropods were represented by species Of Copu
layia of which have spoken In Article 4 also by
more delicate kinds called IsRtGcahtes, consisting
of slender, conical tubes sheaths, richly orna-
mented with engrdlIng rings which present the
appearance of feelers hence the name which means
stone teelers.
The Gasteropods, though not numerous in species,
were well represented many of the genera being
the same with those Of the Lower Silurian; and the
same is true of the AcepbdG. Fig. represents one
of the Niagara epoch GaSJeropOds, ana rig a pc
cuar Ceplalopod Of the Medina sandstone. The
Brachiopods especially abound, and include species
of Lingila Orthis Shopbomcna and Rhynchonetia TALL
Lower Silurian general, and others Of Spir0er
CkOaetss and PeRiqmerU8 the three last named
genera here for the first time appearing. The name
Spirifer aludes to the prominent spiral processes
occurring in the shells of the genus; ChORees to the
cup-ike foIm and PeHtame,7ts 10 the fve-fold div-
sion of the shell b. plates or processes IN the
interior Illustrations Of two of the species are
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
THE SCHOOL CENSUS or NEWARK.

The City Assessors of Newark have made
iher returns TO the city superintendent Schools OF
the number % school children that city between the
ages Of i've and eighteen years Tie whole number is
Al 3D. against 80 $50 last year As the city gets -
from state school fund for each child reported It
Will receive Ss,25S more this year than IL did in 1878
The greatest number Of school children e the Thr
tetnth Ward-6, 03l-aud the smallest number IN the
Fourteenth Wari-o43 Tue returns show an Increase
over last year in the First, Third Fourth Ffh, SIX IN
seventh, Eighth Ninth. Tenih. Twelfth, Thirteenth
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Yards. anl decrease IN the
Second aud Eleventh Wards The Number OF ell dreu ~
private schools Is 6,596.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16

PIG delphnoephaDs Green, natural size
Locally L0ckp0rt \. Y
preceding. is tho Lichas Boltoai roundish form,
with sharp pointed ribs aHd deeply notched candal
margin. which often attains a length Of seven
inches and a width Of four or FIVE. Still other
species of the period were as remarkable for build
as the foregoing for bulk and N Bohemia, where
great number of species have been discovered some
very strange forms have been brought to light One
Of these seen both from above and from the sde IS
shown in Fig 3. A form still more bizarre Is shown
n Fig indeed, should hardly be led at first
sight TO consider this Trilobte at all; but when
we come 10 compare Ii with other forms, with Fig.
Cor instance, we see that II differs mainly IN having
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16

FIGS 5-s.-Niagara period Molusca. FIG. 5-Plenroo-
y0r40 r.C4 FIG b-0lc0ceTTg GbbOfuH tle name OucO-
ceras referring the protu'crauce ~ al The middle par
FIG. 7-SDtrIsT NfGgdrensis FIG steatGHeU@ O0Ohghs
gwen IN Figs. and 5, the latter reduced one-half.
There werealso numerous coral-formng mollusks or
Brvozoaus; and one Of the delicate mats made by
them is shown in Fig. 8. Modern examples Of the
compound habitations of these remarkable moilusks
NAV frequently be seen encrusting oyser-shels and
other marine objects
Among Radiates. Crinids and Cystids vera abund
ant. some of them being models of exquisite work.
manship. One Of the former. called the DeRdro-
crinus lonqiddctylus longfngered, tree-lke Cri-
MD. has a small cup with the upper middle portion
produced to form what Is known the Troboscis,
which is sometimes three inches or more in length
and composed of a multitude Of beautifully ar
ranged sx-sided plates; and with slender arms,
sometimes five inches long, springing from
the sides of the cup below the summit, and
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16

natural size Bohemia
real ones are comparatively slight. An in
teresting chapter might be written upon the
lrilobites of this period alone; and when we con-
slider the important part that this tribe Of animals
played in the life of the ancient world; and when we
further call TO mind the fact that they are consld-
cred to have reached their climax in point OF num-
Der Of genera and species in the period which now
concerns US should feel justified, were 1t not for
other considerations, in giving a more extended
account of them than would be consistent with the
scope of the present series of articles,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16
FRESH AIR FoR SICK CHILDREN.


The following additional Contributions IN
aid the sea side Sanaum for Destitute SICK Children
have been received by the President, Henry King;
=. - ---,- - rl..-.l n..rro u E.rr.r
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16

the fore part more cut away. and the spines more
produced in the ribs here being individuay wholly
free instead of partly fixed in Fig. 3; aud in hav
ing the elements of the candal-hap more CONSOLE
dated and farther extended We thus see hat
while the apparent differences are great the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16

ZIG q Canadian. D. Trenton Period Ne1s; a. rocks
OF the Niagara Lower n lderberg aud Drlsfany
Periods respectively lowest beds OF the Devonan Age
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-08-16

parties were bound band aud foot TO the ponderous
wheels of the modern iuggcrnaut; and that our
statesmen. while at perfect liberty TO
Send. with lavish breath,
Their svmpathies across the wave,
Who're manhood, on thr Held Of death,
Struck for his freedom or a grave
to plead warmly and eloquenty,
For Greece. the Mosem letter spurning
And Poland, gasping on her lance
vouId vet stand dumb before American slavery
and its denominations. or open their mouths only
10 equivocate and pater and stultify themselves
The first thing that the new society did was to
commission its Quaker president, Arnold Bufum'
As a lecturing agent, with the understanding that
he should collect his own small salary and as much
more a. possible. Mr.. Bufum was then IN the
prime Of lite. a man of excellent Judgment well
versed in his subject. and wthal pleasant and
quite an effective speaker. His Quaker dress and
speech were accepted in some quarters as an ade-
nnate excnse for his aboIitionism, and were an
aid 70 him and his work. He bad been In England
but few wear. before and made the acquaintance
of Clor,son Wilberforce and others Of the anti
slavery Leaders. from whose experience and insruc-
,ion b4 had gained some valuable lessons. In some
ouarters he met with an encouraging reception, and
succeeded in gathering fair audiences. that gave him
resnectful attention. Occasionally he found cer-
gvman willing to open a church or vestry TO him
without charge In other places he was able 70 pro-
cure the use Of a public hall at small expense. The
opposition had not yet had time TO organize itself.
though public prejudice was in many places very
strong and the tone Of the press far from friendly.
In spite of many adverse influences Mr.. Buffum's
lectures were q good beginning of the work that
needed 10 be done. lie frequently encountered the
agents Of the Colonization Society never falling to
give them battle as the chief apoogists Of slavery,
Who denounced immediate emancipation as fanati-
70 N. and declared that slaves should be set free
only upon condition OF being exled TO Africa. The
popularity of this society from the fact that it
hunored the popular prejudice against the negro as
an inferior beng and did not claim for hum the
rights accorded to white men. Negro then was
almost universally spelled with two gs. and with
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-07-12
MAJ, Harper and the Kinds County
Convention.

As is well known to our readers, Major
George W. Harper, of the Kinds County
Gazette, was candidate for State Senator,
but is among the slaughtered by the late
.,taud old hero that he is, however, he comes
to the support of the nominees with no I'M
certain tread He deserves to be Senator,
or Governor, Or Congressman, or anything
else, and we are glad to be able to repro
duce, from his paper, manly utterance
like the following from the last Gazette
''Ihe Democratic County Convention,
which assembled in Raymond on Friday
last" says the Gazette, "was one of the
largert, most respectable, and substantial
deliberative meetings that ever convened in
the county. Every precinct was represents
ed by duly accredited delegates, and from
almost every beat, too, came the alternates
designated at the primary meetings, as well
as large delegations of citizens. The pri
mary meetings, SO we learn, were not large
ly attended, but the convention Itself Ger.
tainly was, and for good order and strict
parliamentary decorum, it stands second to
none.
'"There was contest, of course, for
nearly every position to be filled on the
ticket, and in some cases it was spirited and
warm, but we are happy to say that the
best feeling was displayed throughout and
that but few remarks were made that were
offensive, even to the vanquished. The
ty were before the convention-all could
not be ominated-some had of necessity
to be slaughtered we were glad to
notice that even the slaughtered were salts
fed with their fate, recognizing the voice
of the convention as omnipotent and not
to be questioned
''The ticket nominated is good one, and
a strong one, and possesses in large de-
gree, one very important feature, viz it is
scattered, the different sections Of the coun-
ty being represented
''No resolutions of a political character
were adopted by the convention, the pre-
ference being, we presume, to leave the
party in this county to stand on the State
Platform without change or addition.
''We congratulate the Democratic party
of the county upon the favorable results of
the convention, and upon the fact that it
has ticket worthy of its support, and al
though it may be unnecessary, still it may
not be improper to add that the Kinds
County Gazette will give it not only
cheerful, but cordial and earnest support
The comet. [volume] (Jackson, Miss.) 1877-1882, 1879-07-12
NOT CANDIDATES

A correspondent of the Independent,
who signs himself "Hinds,n suggests
Judge Il. J. Alcorn and Mr.. Sneed as can
didates for the State Senate from the Dis
trict composed of Rankin and Kinds, to
run on the Greenback, Independent or
otherwise ticket. Mr.. Sneed is a United
States mail agent, and would have to re-
sign to run for Senator, and although a
colored man, is not idiot enough to give up
a good place for the glory of heading a
squad of malcontents. As for Judge AL
corn, there are many reasons why he could
not and would not lend himself to any such
ridiculous attempt. In the first place he
has no sympathy or utilization with the
soreheads-is not q Greenbacker nor a
soap-tail, but a Republican. If he
has to choose between the "sorehead"
and the regular Democratic ticket, he will
probably swallow the latter, with some
grains of salt. In the second place, he is
United States Land Receiver for this State,
, office worth great deal more, and other
Use more desirable to his feelings. This
bid for Republican candidates and Repab-
lican votes will be understood for what il is
worth and pass for its true value. It is
only another little proof that fidelity to the
so-called Greenback doctrine is a mythical
sentiment among the soreheads. Alcorn
and Sneed are faithful adherents of party
which is faithfully hostile to Greenbacks.