The New York herald., 1879-09-15

! land. He says further:-"The curse of Scotland is
OK ns are Tss
majority OF the evictons which have depopulatcd
nal disgrace not few landowners have originated
in the want or sympathy IN absentee owners. They
are he goes to say. extruded from their holdings
at the caprice OF the landlord factor, without
farthng of compensation for their improvements
| when only in possession from year to year. HE
liable be arbitrarily turned out OF possession at
any moment by some iriexorabe edict and driven
the rocky hills that stem the ocean, there to begin
the world anew starye." Again:-"The Lews
crofters have grievances which ought not to exists
principal among these are the insecurity of their
itoo oiten) insufficient holdings Outside of Storno
way there are about twenty thousand souls. all
trusting for their livelihood 10 their crofts, along
with the proceeds of the fishing. Now, any of these
be turned out or his croft ut the sovereign
will OF the factor, and. this being the case. the
crofter learns not spark or independence
but abject servie humility, and lives IN perpetual
fear that his ueighbor may assume the charac-
ter OF 'informer and he be cast adrift. "Scottish
Reformer.) The result abject condition of
poverty and misery throughout the length and
breadth of Scotland scarcely TO be conceived The
people live huts not hit for pigs. aud nothing will
induce them to try to improve them. because of
/ this sword OF Democles constantly hanging over
them. The wonder is that any remain in the
country. nor would they could they emisrate, and.
being obliged to stay. the second wonder is that
there is not more agrasrian agitation II things do
not mend and that speedily. guess day viii come
when the States or Canada or some other part will
have to send colonists hther That. by the way. is
not original observation; it was the remark OF
downright hardworkins Scotch farmer from Ayr
shire. who went in recent Anchor line steamer
Tnx DUNE SUTHERLAND.
is but just 10 say that one or two landlords have
country aud inaugurating different method
The present Duke or sutherland, whose father was
of the greatest evctors. not long ago divided lat
waste land between eighteen lam lies giving
ten acres and others seven. on nineteen
years lease. at the rate of twenty-one shi
lings per The results said 10 have
been most encouraging. and convinced
has the Duke become OF the advantages to
himself and his people of converting waste into
amaton upon large scale, and his scheme is now
advancing with great strides His Grace has come
to believe that the method OF clearance practised by
his predecessor by which property is mapped out
into large farms or turned INTO grouse or deer runs
without any regard to the humber class OF tenants
is social grievance and economical blunder.
There certainly Is wide hed-Sutherlands!re
where the Duke 1.290 l94 acres. This question
OF small holdings, with its cognate OF peasant
propretorships. Is just beginning to gain the atten
ton it demands. Even the London Times has recog
nized it. In recent issue 1t printed letter on the
subject by the Rev. +. Barham Zmcke the state
of agriculture il Saxony where. he says, the land
is cultivated tor the most part il farms of about
fifty acres by their owners, who with their families
produce more and of better quality than is done in
England. lie lught have referred to Belgium, with
its 25O,000 half tenants under two acres pattern
OF thrift; to Prussia and It's 800 900 peasant farmers
with under four acres; or to France, with It's vast
number peasant proprietors, ut present the most
prosperous country in Europe. Mr.. zincke con-
ciudes in these significant words-
What really suggesting that the sue
OF tLs freneh peasant Of the rru;san owning
which referred only the success but oven
s o. & ~ q M shS aFS S.s soSnd s"" free
ables ihoso who combine energy knowedgo and capital
purposes and to improve 10 its highest powers pro-
All HAN ss % E a tho .1s
imposed English agriculture This freedom which
possess. We may. however, think believe that the
@ ns us to wOls zee @ a has oy s |y
meeting free trade IA the prodnctions OF the soil from
ployng own SOIL
1t is curious to note how, in this question, pru-
dence and economy suggest return to the old state
Of things existing before the rage arose for nothing
but large farms. Even as late rs the beginning OF
largely in the hands Of men who titled the ground
with their own hands. According to Marshall-an
undoubted authority on the subject-at that time
the old threeheld system OF husbandry obtained III
eghtynine parishes in Northamptonshire, in 100 in
warwickshire. half Of Berkshire and the largest
part of wiltshire and Huntngdo onshire. There can
be doubt that a large proportion OF the descend
ants OF the old peasant farmers Of England with
their frugality and independence, have sunk to the
position of day laborers, else growing tbs
cheap in the States and Canada which is
driving their supplanters to desperation. So Time
proves the avenger.
1t been suggested that the Rev. Barham Zuicke
attention to the question of land tenure, would be
very desirable persons to have on the Royal Com
mission. There is timc OF course. yet but whether
on 1t not, their facts and figures will have be
taken into account. Both gentlemen have for years
pee .dn o. .ha
lament the absence OF spade cultivation in praise Of
which Mr.. Gladstone spoke the other Gay so oppor-
tunely and it is, perhaps, not uni kelly that the
who Is waiting to the spade may yet have hear
ing. Hodge now spends his spare time ut the pub"
neither getting nor doing any good, learning. per-
haps nothing better than to sing variant Of the
jolly old bishops song
Lot back and sides go bare, go baro.
And head feet grow cold;
BS. Lst.n. is; US nnye ~. goo good a. oeeG s,r enough
and getting the worst azness and brutality
in Europe, to boot. Time it Is that something was
being done for him. either. by way Of emigration
clubs TO land him somew hero where he can his
spade, by means OF scheme to tie him to the
soil anu give him bit OF Independence. 1t is not
necessary the to ascertain what the
man with spade can do under favorable conditions
1t is notorious that for their scanty garden alot-
ments. growing tie ordinary culinary vegetables.
farm laborers glad pay two or three times the
rent per paid by neighboring farmers, and that
good sized allotment to man with family il as
good as q dollar week added to his wages knew,
year two ago, village some twelve miles
IRON London. ola Waterloo veteran who cultivated
about and half of land which he
abled to rent from railway company. it being an
awkward angular piece between the line and the high
road and together with "a wee small pension" man.
aged to keep himself wife (who was the gray mare.
by the way, and did most OF the work., daughter
and grandchild-a fact which shows what may be
done by small ciltivators.
BRITAIN FOOD.
There are those who are saying that now that the
have shown to what state they have brought the
country in respect to agriculture they should make
way for small cultvators and let them try their
hands. or course there can he no such turning
over OF ownership; nevertheless. tho laws could DO
niAic so as III the course OF years bring about
state of things analogous to that which obtains
France. There can hardly be question that. what
ever the tenure OF land might be. things could
hardly be brought to worse pass. Fifty mill
quarters deficiency In the crop OF
reas-such is the computation-in other words.
between now and next harvest flO0. 10000
sterling must be paid by Great Britain to
the states aud other countries for breadstuifs--
that is nearly si5 per head of the populationl If
trade were nourishing the amount would not be
appalling but under the present aspect of things 1t
looks like gigantic failuie or course tho bad har-
vest is accountable tor much of this; but how
would IL be II England were at war and could not
get her supplies? This Is question which IL being
seriously asked in many quarters. What II France
and Germany were 70 join in that little scheme
invasion2 But add to this deficiency the fact that
England has to import large portion of her butter.
cheese. bacon. eggs. vegetables fruit-edbles. in-
deed. of every sort--and you begin to imagine to
what state things have got into, yet millions
can be kept waste and millions OF hands idle.
ox MOOR HEATH.
Happily September has IN with bright. sun