Vermont watchman and State journal. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1836-1883, 1879-12-03

officers OF the pay corps Of the navy there H. not
! one VINO Is defaulter TO the extent Of single
3 dollar
TINE UNITED STATES MARsHAts AND THE CON-
TESTED APPROPRIATIONS.
0 The appropriation for judicial expenses, which
mas heretofore been made for the department of
justice In gross was subdivided mt the last session
OF Congress, and no appropriation whatever was
made for the payment Of the fees Of marshals and
their deputies, either In the service NJ process or
Tor the discharge Of other duties and, since June
, ooth these officers have continued the perform
ance OF their duties, without compensation from
the government taking upon themselves the
necessary incidental outlays, rs well rs rendering
their own services. In only n few unavoidable
instances has the proper execution Of the process
OF the United States failed by reason Of the alb
sence OF the requisite Appropriation This course
OF Official conduct on the part Of these officers
highly creditable to their fidelity was advised by
the Encouragement who informed them, how
ever that they would necessarily have to rely for
tneir compensation upon the prospect OF future
legislation by congress. | therefore especially
recommend that immediate appropriation be made
by congress for this purpose.
ENHANCEMENT or THE COURTS.
The business Of the supreme court is at present
largely In arrears. II cannot he expected that
more causes can be decided than are now dis
posed OF In its annual session, or that by any
siduity the distinguished magistrates who com
pose the court can accomplish more than is now
done. In the courts OF many Of the circuits also,
the business has increased 10 such an extent that
gress to an appropriate remedy. 1t is believed
that all Is done In each circuit which can fairly be
| expected from its judicial force. The evils arising
from delay are less heavily felt by the United
states than by private snitors, as its causes are
advanced by the courts when II is seen that they
involve the discussion Of questions Of public
character. The remedy suggested by the attorney
general Is the appointment Of additional circuit
judges, and the creation of an intermediate court
OF errors and appeals which shall relieve the SUI
preme court Of part Of its Jurisdiction, while a
larger fierce Is also obtained for the performance
OF circuit duties commend this suggestion to
| the consideration Of congress. 1t would seem to
| afford a complete remedy and would involve II
ten additional circuit judges appointed an
expenditure at the present rate OF salaries OF not
more than 100000 year, which would certainly
be small In comparison with the objects to be at
tanned
THE rosr-oFFIcE
The report OF the postmaster-general bears tes |
umony TO the general revival Of business through
ont the country. The receipts Of the post-oiice
department Tor the fiscal year ended June 30 |
1873 were $50, OIL 9S2, being SIGH 465 more than
the revenues Of the preceding year The amount
realized from the sale Of postage-stamps stamped
envelopes aud postal-cards was S76i i6j more |
than IN the preceding year, and 81, $50 more
| than in 1877. The expenditures of the depart |
ment were S33, ii0, Sg OF which the sum of $40
l6l was paid on liabilities incurred in preceding
years The expenditures during the year were
| SSOl 200 less than in the preceding year This |
reduction is tn be attributed mainly to the opera |
ton Of the law passed June II, 1875 changing the
compensation OF postmasters from n commission |
| on the value Of stamps sold to a commission on |
| stamps Cancelled. The amount drawn from the |
treasury on appropriations In addition to the rev.
| ennes OF the department was s303l i5i, being |
S22I6 1877 less than in the preceding year The |
expenditures for the fiscal wear ending June 30 |
1881, are estimated at $50 go 800 and the receipts
from all sources at S32, 2l0,0 900 leaving a def
cheney to be appropriated for out of the treasury |
| of 81, 7109OO
The relations of the department with railroad |
companies have been harmonzed notwithstand- |
ing the general reduction by congress of their |
compensation, by the appropriation for special |
| facilities, and the railroad post-ofiice lines have |
been greatly extended, especially in the southern
states
The arrangement made by the postmaster-gen- |
eral and the secretary Of the treasury for the col
| lection Of duty upon books received in the mail |
from foreign countries has proved so satisfactory |
In its practical operation that the recommenda- |
ton Is now made that congress shall extend the |
| provisions OF the act OF March 81, 1879 under |
which this arrangement was made 80 rs to apply |
to all other dutiable articles received in the mail.
from foreign countries.
THE INDIANS
The general conduct Of our Indian population |
has been so satisfactory that the occurrence of |
| two disturbances, which resulted in bloodshed |
and destruction OF property il all the more TO he |
| lamented. The history Of the outbreak on the |
| White River Ute reservation in Western Colorado |
has become so familiar by elaborate reports in |
| the public press, that its remarkable incidents |
| need not be stated here in detail l. Is expected |
that the settlement Of this difficulty will lead to |
such arrangements as will prevent further hostile
| contact between the Indians and the border set |
| Elements in Western Colorado The other dis |
| tnrbance occurred at the Mescalero agency in |
| New Mexico, where Victoria the head of a small |
band of marauders, after committing many atroci- |
| ties, being vigorously chased by n military force
made his way across the Mexican border and is |
| now on foreign soil
While these occurrences in which compare
| lively small number of Indians were engaged |
| n pur
| population have fully justified the expectations
| OF those who believe that by humane and peace
| fnl influences the Indian can be led to abandon |
the habits of savage life and to develop capacity
| for useful and civilized occupations What they |
have already accomplished in the pursuit of agri-
cultural and mechanical work, the remarkable
success which has attended the experiment of |
enployingas freighters class of Indians hitherto
counted among the widest and most intractable
and the general and urgent desire expressed by
them Tor the education of their children may be
| taken AS sufficient proof that they will be found
| capable OF accomplishing much more II they con-
| tinue to be wisely aud fairly guided The "I In
dian policy" skethed in the report Of the secre-
tary OF the Interior the object of which is to make
liberal provision for the education of Indian youth
to settle the Indians upon farm-lOts in severalty
To give them title In fee to their farms nalienable
| Tor certain number Of years and when their
wants are thus provided for, to dispose by sale Of
the lands on their reservations not occupied and
used by them, a fund to be formed out OF the
| proceeds for the benefit Of the Indians, which
| will gradually relieve the government of the ex-
| penses now provided for by the annual appropria-
tions, must commend itself as Just and beneficial
70 the indians, and Is also calculated to remove
those distractions which the existence of large |
reservation presents to the settlement and de |
velopment OF the country. therefore earnestly
| recommend the enactment of law enabling the
government to give Indians title in Fee nalien-
able for twenty five years, to the farm lands As
signed TO them by allotment also repeat the
recommendation made In my first annual mes |
| sage, that a law be used admitting Indians who
sntisflptDrV nf hnv in lrt l,a;, |
OVID labor supported their families for a number |
of years, and who are willing to detach them |
selves from their tribal relations to the benefit of
the homestead act, and TO grant them patents
containing the same provision OF nalienabity |
for a certain period.
The experiment Of sending number of Indian
children, of both sexes to the Hampton normal |
and agricultural institute in Virginia TO receive
an elementary English education and practical i'm
structon In farming and other useful industries |
has ied To results 50 promising that it was thought
expedient to turn over the cavalry barracks at
Carlisle, in Pennsylvania, to the interior depart-
ment for the establishment of an Indian school |
on larger scale. This school has now one hun
dred and fifty eight pupils, selected from various
tribes, and Is In full operation Arrangements
are also made for the education of a number of
indian bows and girls belonging to tribes on the
Pacific slope, In a similar manner at Forest
Grove, In Oregon These institutions will com.
mend themselves to the liberaity OF congress
and TO the philanthropic munifcence OF the Amer
lean people.
ganization of an extensive movement In the West
ern states, the object Of which was the occupation
by unauthorized persons of certain lands In the
Indian territory coded by the Cherokees to the
government for the purpose of settlement by other
Indian tribes. On the 10Th OF April | issued n
proclamation warning all persons against partici-
patton In such an attempt, and, by the co-operi-
ton of military force the invasion was promptly
checked. 1t Is my purpose to protect the rights
OF the Indian inhab tants of that territory to the
full extent OF the executive power. But it would
be unwise to ignore the fact that territory so
large and so fertile, with population so sparse
and with SO great a wealth of unused resources,
will be found more exposed to the repetition OF
such attempts rs happened this year, when the
surrounding states more densely settled and
the westward movement of our population looks
still more eagerly for fresh lands to occupy I'm
der such circumstances the difficulty Of maintain.
ing the Indian territory in its present state will
greatly Increase and the Indian tribes inhabitng
It would do well to prepare for such a contingency
] therefore fully approve OF the advice given To
them by the secretary of the interior on a recent
occasion, To divide among themselves in severalty
rs large quantity OF their lands AS they can eul.
tivate, 10 acquire individual title In fee instead
of their present tribal ownership In common, and
to consider in what manner the balance OF their
lands may be disposed OF by the government for