The Superior times. [volume] (Superior, Wis.) 1870-1912, 1879-08-16
RURAL ECONOMY.

l
DIR. ANDERSON of Scotland, estimates
that one cow, well fed, will furnish an
amount of manure annually which will
yield 103 pounds of ammonia, SO pounds
of potash and "a pounds of phosphoric
acid; and that these elements represent
value of $2275, based on their availa.
bility, as compared with artificial fertile.
ers in which they are found.
GUINEA fowls are among the most &C.
tive destroyers of the Colorado beetle, a
writer claiming that one guinea men will
protect an acre of potatoes. Whether
or not they possess such surprising ca
pacity of gizzard, they certainly prey on
the beetle, as well as many other insect
pests. They lay more eggs then other
poultry and their eggs are unequaled
for cake and other culinary purposes.
Cows that have access to water at all
times will drink often, but little at a
time, and return to their feeding. Cows
deprived of sufficient supply of water
fail in milk and flesh; and when they
are allowed to fail, not only in milk, but
in condition, also, it is almost impossible
to bring them back to their proper yield
of milk and condition of flesh, at least
without extra expense and trouble.
In selecting an animal for breeding
or fattening, obtain one having a large
chest-the part containing the lungs,
heart and the larger blood-vessels, all of
which have an important function to
perform in the process of nutrition. 1t
is well known among cattle men that
animals with small chests do not fatten
readily, and they are remarkably suscep-
tible to the influence of exciting causes
of disease.
THERE has been much discussion
among dairymen as to whether the morn
ing's or nights milk is the richer. A
popular belief has long existed that
mornings milk was richer than nights,
but Prof. Voelker found the opposite to
be the fact. He believes, however, that
the superiority of the milk at any par
ticular time depends more on the nature
and quantity If food which the COWS
may have consumed during the four or
five hours preceding the milking than
upon any other cause.
Mr.. PETER HENDERSON gives as the
cream of all strawberries, mentioned in
order of merit, 1st, Pioneer; End, Forest
Rose; Sd, Beauty; 4th, sharpless; 9th,
Monarch of the West; 9th, Borden 80;
9TH, Jutunda; 9Th, Charles Downing.
He places Pioneer first because he deems
it the earliest, while it is of as good
quality and as large as Monarch. DIR.
Hexamer, however, tells US that, like
all of Durand's seedlings, it requires
high cultivation. He also thinks that
either Nicanor, Duchesse or Duncan, is
earlier. We have not tested Pioneer.
Duncan is, with us, the earliest, tho
little else can be said in it5 favor.
FROM experiments made by Boussin-
gault, extending over period of more
than twenty years, in which all the ma
nure applied to the growing plants was
carefully weighed, as well as the harvest
of each year, while the quantities of
chemical constituents we're accurately
Determined by analysis, it was ascer-
tanned that on an average the annual
harvest gained from he soil twice as
much nitrogen, three times SIS much car
bon and hydrogen, and four times as
much oxygen as had been given to it in
manures; presupposing that the whole
of these contained in the manure was
assimilated by the plants, which was in
reality not the case.
A HARTLAND, Niagara County, n. Y.
farmer, VINO had been greatly troubled
with the canker worm, has discovered
an efficient remedy for the pest. He
procured an ordinary force pump, hose
and finely perforated sprinkler attached
to it, and with the apparatus placed on
the top of Gorty-gallon cask filled with
a solution of Paris Green, he drove it
into the orchard and began the work of
destruction. The trees were literally
alive with worms, and thorough sprink-
ling was required to reach them all and
this was given. The result exceeded
all anticipations, and as though several
examinations of the orchard have since
been made, not worm has been found.
FROM experiments made in Scotland
to determine the results Of a change of
seed on crop of oats, it was found the
crop grown from seed which had been
newly brought into the district yielded
As bushels per acre, and weighed 43
pounds to the bushel; while upon the
same land the crop grown from seed
which had long been sown in the neigh
borhood yielded only "a bushels per
acre, and weighed but 80 pounds to the
bushel. An analysis of the two crops
show that an acre of oats grown without
a change of seed produced 1901 pounds
of substances valuable as food, and on
an acre grown with a change of seed,
], 4044 pounds.
UNwAsHED wool contains from 40 to
rs per cent of waste matter, the larger
part of which is washed down our
streams, to their great damage. Of this
large percentage of waste, from II to
40 per cent, according to the kind of
wool, is grease or oil containing value
able properties; and the remainder is
largely made of heterogeneous matter,
potash and phosphates, in very suitable
condition to be returned to the soil.
Some woods contain sands and mineral
dust to the amount of 10 or 20 per cent.
Now, as the total amount of washed and
unwashed wool used in this country is
estimated at 250,000,000 pounds per
year, it will yield approximately from
112,000,000 to f15,000,000 pounds of
secured wool or 45 per cent, 100000
pounds of grease, or IS per cent; and
30,000,000 pounds of fertilizers, or II
per cent. 1t is believed that this large
loss of grease and fertilizers may be saw
ed by the employment of the naptha
process Of cleaning the wool.
AT recent meeting of the Lancaster
County n. Y. Agricultural society, the
question was asked: "With land and
labor at present prices, can wheat be
raised at one dollar per bushelw 4
member, answering the question, esti-
mated the cost of raising an acre of
SOS n. e. -.