New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-10-11
SCIENCE FOR THE PEOPLE.

THE SATELLITES OF MARs.-On September
90 between and a. m Mr.. A. A. Common. Of Ealing
In reobserving Defines. the outer satellite oil
Mars by of his newly erected slver-oh-gass IT,
ncctor OF three diameter nc present propaby tue
most powerful telescope IN England AT 3:f3 the posi-
ton angle measured. 237o 81. and the estimated
distance from limb OF Mars was 5V According 10
the elements of the satellites orbit derived from obser
vatons of 1877 1t was expected that Demos woud DC
near It's greatest eIOngon the south preceding hue
of the planet September 81 at l6h som "reeh"lc"
mean time. Mr. Commons OBSERVATIONS, WHICH "eie
made about an hour before this tme indicate that the
satellite is not quite far advanced In its orbit as the
predicion gave It, and the computed period OF revolu-
tion will have TO he heightened few seconds; out the
true amount OF the correction required can ohS DE
settled by quent observations since the observed
angles Of po,ton are not sufficient for the purpose
Asaph Hall, the discoyerer Of the satellites estimated
tn, they would be visible October 10 TO November
90 in the present year MI Commons successful obser-
vaton widens these limits of the time considerably
should found practicable to observe the satellites
on December Ii, or later, there Is good chance that
they will he visible also the end OF December 1851.
FOR several weeks Otherwise the hope of seeing them
again must he deferred ul 1890, when they may be-
come visible Observers In the southern hemisphere
The apparent orbits described by the satellites round
the uunct rather FIAT epses, the scnI-aNes OF
III snni-damctrrs OF tine planners disc,
Tor Demos 69i AID l.15 and Tor Phohos 217 and
046. The direction Of the Great axes being III position
angle $40 and 23io The nearest distance from tue
centre ol Mars at which limos was observed IN IS Is
3 n-lIamccrs. while the brighter ihoDns has been
observed distance L. about tnTd OF the d.
aucter Of the disc from the edge Of the dlsc Assuming
that me aclites NAV he seen when they outside
these limits of distance, Demos Is I'm period or
about fifteen hours. visible Tor eleven hours and nyisi-
bic Tor our while Pao0os every revolution OF less
than four hours visible for more than two
NOVEL USE OF BALLOONs.-ln the Pl0tzen
Lake. Berlin, winch Of considerable depth IN
somc parts eighty feet an interesting experiment was
recently the raising OF sunken vcssel, ny means
Of carbonic acid according method devised by Herr
Eidncr, OF Vienna This follows; In an empty
balloon Is Inserted a vessel containing sulphurc acid
and surrounded with Bullrichs salt. BY turning
the vessel Is broken. the substances mix ana the
carbonc acid thus generated fills the balloon which,
being connected with the sunkcn object exerts an ee-
waiting force on IT, In the Pl0tzcn Lake small boat,
weighing several hundrcdweight, was first sunk.
diver down with the apparatus. fixed It, ana set II
in action. Hardly this done. when the boat aI-
pcprod the surface, held by the balloon. on sec
ond experiment five heavy sandbags were thrown over
board AZ adepfh OF fifty feet. The DIVER went down.
attached the bags another aud 10 the raising ap
paIatus. and the whole was successfully brought up
TALKING BY MACHINERY.-A speaking ma
chine was recently made 10y NJ Faber. NJ Cartel writes
Of II IN the al dc PysQUe that 1t consists essen
TALLY OF three parts blowing arr angemcnt, an appa-
ratu- for producing sound, and articulang appa-
ratus. Tie first SENDS current OF air through TIE
larynx. This latter j. an non reed the length Of when
can be varied within certain limits, as 10 change the
pitch OF the sound. or Cartel thinks a system OF mem
branous reeds would have been beierJ The aTtcuat-
ing apparatus comprises IA part for producing vowels
and another for cousonans The former by the
passage of air through apcrturcs OF various forms IN
danhragIns, which successfully placed IN the pas
SAGE of the an rent by levers worked with keys
special cavity which eau be- connected with the Other
uroiuceS nasal sounds; thc communication Is tncctcd
will by means Of special lever. The c"ns"uanis are
tie lip the teeth and the tongue special drum pro-
sound. All these pieces and organs are put
motion 10y fourteen KEYS, which are 'nsenou-iy ar
ran ced to act. with suitable intensity AMI
im proper Odcr the organs meant 10 produce syllable
Fourteen keys suticieut because with the hclp al
accessory keys Wy the character or con."-
from strong 10 weak. etc. The speaking oi the
machine necessarily mOnotonous am not perfect;
certain sounds produce better ci, ct than others st
IN general one can comprehend the words ana phrases
prouountrd The machine is interesting. ~ showing
distinctly tle chauism Oi phoudiun which has pcrh
thus r,produccd aricallf ana therefore OptNs dhs"
utely the laws OF acoustics.
IMPROVED STREET LIGHTING.-Mr. Kit, gas
engineer to The Bristol England, sanltory Authority
has hit upon device by which the lighting power Of
public lamps can be greatly increased without aug
menting their consumption OF Mr.. KITS plan Is
to substitute present burner couple OF burners
each consuming only half the quantity O gas per hour
and 10 suspend between these two small flames con-
yeN lens. which acts as powerful reflector The pan
has been submitted 10 practical test, and was
found 10 answer pcIc. y, the n ctor causing each
tiny gasict appear III the distance Ike globe OF
Ia