davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Dodge City times., 1879-12-06

floor. This current is forced by steam
power, and its effect is strikingly no
ticeable in passing from any other apart
ment into the creamery, although all
the rooms which are required to be kept
at low temperature are provided with
these cold-air flues. Unless needed,
however, these are closed, and the en-
tire current is diverted to the room es-
pecially requiring it.
The process of cheese-makinS is also
performed in the refrigerators above
mentioned, and they answer the purpose
admirably. The milk is put into them,
certain quantity of rennet is added,
and the whole is then subjected to the
proper heat until the required conditions
are reached, when with the aid of the
bottom faucet the whey is drawn off,
leaving the curd to be treated as in all
cases of cheese-making. In this room
is also an ingenious butter-print, like
wise number of thirty and thirty-two
pound shipping boxes, which are very
substantially made-the butter being
kept perfectly solid and cool during
transportation by a tin box in the center
titled with ice.
In the churn-room, adjoining which
is "a 1-2 feet long, 10 feet wide and s
high, is large Blanchard cylindrical
churn, which is capable of working 100
pounds of butter with ease at one time.
Also Embree's rotary butter-worker; a
cheese press, with a pressing capacity
of ten at single working, and Schultz
& Goehring's heater, which boils water
instantly in cold-water faucet. The
cheese-room is directly above the
creamery proper, and is of the same di-
mensions, save that the height is but
seven feet. In this room cheese is taken
to be cured Immediately after its re-
moval from the refrigerators. Here are
number of long, shallow pans, used in
the process Of curing. -.ar-t
To the rear of the cream-room is the
the ice-house, 90 by l6 feet, and IL feet
high. There are three air spaces be-
tween the sides of this house, all lined
with tarred paper, and the ground floor
is solid with cement and other prepara-
tons. This floor has also a gentle de-
cline toward the front of the building,
to carry off the water. To the right of
the cream room, on the outside, just at
the edge of the porch, there will be a
Weston differential pulley block, for the
purpose of hosting to the cooling-room
cans Of milk which may be brought to
be worked into butter or cheese, and
this win I've emptied into large receiv-
ing can, capable of holding 800 pounds
of the liquid. Mr.. Holley informs US
that farmers and dairymen who leave
milk will have their cans thoroughly
cleansed by steam while they wait,
which will require but a few minutes.
He also says that there will be nothing
left undone to make all transactions sat
isfactory; but that all milk brought will
be subjected to the lactometer and
cream-gauge test, and if repeatedly
found below the standard, will be re-
jec;ed. In the mill, grists will be
ground on the basis usually operated
upon by all millers, while a specific sum
per pound will be charged for the man
ufacture of butter and cheese.
Dodge City times., 1879-12-06
Venetian Marriages.

The Venetains have had q practical
and strictly business-like way of arrang-
ing marriages from the earliest times.
The shrewdest provision has always
been made for the good of the State,
private and public interest being con-
suited, the small matter of the affections
has been left to the chances Of associa-
ton, and it does seem that Venetian
society has ever dealt severely with
husbands or wives whom incompatible
ty forced to seek consolation outside Of
matrimony. Herodotus relates that the
Illyrian Veneti sold their daughters at auc.
ton to the highest bidder; and the fair be-
ing thus comfortably placed in life, the
hard-favored were given to whomsoever
would take them with such dover as
might be considered reasonable COM
pensatiOn. The auction was .discon-
tinued in Christian times, but marriage
contracts still partook of the form of
public and half mercantile transaction.
At comparatively late period Venetian
fathers went with their daughters to a
great annual matrimonial fair at San
Pietro of CASTILLO Cilyolo, and the youth
of the lagoons repaired thither to choose
wives from the number of the maidens.
These were all dressed in white, with
hair loose about their neck, and each
bore her dover in a little box, slung over
her shoulder by ribbon. Its supposed
that there was commonly an under
standing between each damsel and some
youth in the crowd; as soon as all had
paired off, the bishop gave them SER
mon and his benediction, and the young
men gathered up their brides and boxes
and went away welded. This going to
San Pietro's selecting wife, and mar
rying her on the spot, out of hand,
could only have been the contrivance Of
a straightforward practical race. Among
the common people betrothals were
managed with even greater ease and
dispatch till very late day in history,
and in the record of q certain trial which
took place in 1443 there is an account
of one of these brief and uncermonious
cOurtships. Donna Catarussa, who
gives evidence, and whom I take to
have been worthless. idle gossip, was
one day sitting at her door when Pietro
of Trento passed, selling brooms and
said to her:
Madonna, give me some nice girl to
be my wife,"
As Donna Catarussa thought at once
of suitable match. she said:
I'm faith of God, know one for you.
Come again tomorrow.
So then both met next, and the wom-
an chosen by Donna Catarussa was
asked:
IS ssWouldst thou like to have PietrO
for thy husband, as God commands the
Holy Church?n
"Yes," size answered.
And Pietro. being asked the like ques-
ton answered:
"Why, yes, certainly"
And they went off and had the we'd
dinp-feast. t.-En0lish Ma1aziug.
Dodge City times., 1879-12-06

Chicken, Southern Style: The
Southern negro cook has an excellent
and simple way of preparing young
chickens. Cut them into pieces, sprin-
kle with pepper and salt and dredse
with flour. Have ready saucepan,
with hot fat extracted from salt pork, in
which fry, or rather sauce, the chickens,
covering them, and watching that they
may not burn- Take up, drain, and set
aside in hot covered dish. Pour into
the gravy left in the frying-pan a cup Of
RI ;s;;san milk, thicken with tablespoonful
Of flour, add lump Of butter, some
parsley and young celery plant minced,
boil up, season to taste and pour over
the hot chicken.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

GnEw THE Woop FOR Ills CorfIS.-A remark
able story is told of the late Capt. Stone, of
Youndsvllc, who was buried at the beginning
of his week Thiry-fvc years ago hc came
from New Orleans to Moundsvillc to make his
home and brought with him two seeds Of n ma
hogany like tree that tourshed near his former
homo. These ho planted, rsmarking TO his fam
lily that he would have his coffin made from the
tree. Ono OF the seeds died, but the other
fourished AMI grew. From shoot it became
sapling, and finally in the course of thirty
years, grew to n fine tree. About eight months
ago severe wind storm passed over Mounds
vile, and Captain Stone frounl his tree laid
PROSTATE. lie had it dried, sawed into lumber
and sent to Pittsburg firm In short time
1t returned to him in the form of bcauti-
ful coffin, and for four months ii was preserved
in his residence. About two weeks ago he con-
tracted Il sickness that eliminated in his death,
anl his desire being fulfilled, he was laid away
in the coffin he planned thirty-ivc years ago
Hheeiimy West Ia.) Register. .lUy. q.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

card for the ex-senator personally, as he
desired TO have the pleasure of meeting
him. Mrs. Sprague in reply said that she
was quite unable to answer for anything
that MIR. Sprague might think or do. She
had taken no responsibility for his conduct
for long time, and it was not likely that
she could long remain in the same house
with him. 1t has been known here for
some time that Ex-Governor Sprague has
contemplated selling the house in which
this unpleasant incident took place. A
great deal of unnecessary scandal has been
created by the injudicious story of squab-
BILE over the German professor, which has
not lost anything during the day by the
commentaries Of the people at the hotels.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29
DEFERRED NEWS ITEMS.

Coal or NOT CoAL.-Some days ago we made
tho announcement that Professor Bibikov,
Russian scientist, had discovered lignito or
brown coal on Mr.. Paul +. Hammond's place
near Augusta, and that he considered it Of pos
sbly great value in cheapcning fuel. Professor
Holmes, of Charleston, is out In II long card de-
nyiug that Professor Bi6ikov had made any
discovery; ; that the existence of the deposit
had been known for many years, but that the
Ignite was no more combustiblc than granite
lie also held that the deposits were Of too recent
u date to contain anything more than fossil
wood. Professor Bibikov, nothing daunted, re-
turns to the charge. lie says lie does not
claim the original discovery, but he does claim
the honor of showing that it can be utilized
The Register says that gas of superior quality
was made by Professor Is. in Columbia from this
lignie, and that the Ignite is combustble. We
presume we >Lall have u series of cxpcriI:.cn
to decide the question between these two learned
scientists.
We would say, however, that it is not always
safe to argue against the existence Of coal from
geologic indications. Years ago it was laid
down as an infnllible rule that coal is always to
be found in the geological strata belonging TO
the carbouifcrous period and none other. One
of the wants of the Pacific coast was coal Cal.
ifornin WAS the land of wonders Almost every
metal had been found there. The people thought
they might also find coal. The State Geologist,
Whitney, made an exploration and reported nm
utter aqsencc Of coal in the State. But some
old miners had no faith in ncw-fangled sciences
and they determined to prospect for coal rs
they had done in former years for gold. Amid
The snecrs Of the geologists they went to work.
TO the wonder of all vein was struck, produc-
ing an abundance of coal Of n very fair variety.
The scientists then had to admit the existence
of coal, but they justified themselves by show
ing that it was an anomaly, and belonged to n
different epoch from all the coal ever found be-
fore. Science was at discount among the
miners for some years. If this thing occurred
in California why may it not happen in South
Carolina? lfthc Russian savant has actually
made gas and burned up this Ignite ii looks as
if he were coming the California game on the
scientists. We shall anxiously await develop
mcnts. UinnsJoro Ncws anil Ueraid.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

CoRBiN's $4,000. 0.-When the Republican
Senate of the Forty-fflh Congress failed to de-
eide that Corbin, of South Carolina had n claim
to y scat in that body, they gave him $4,000 of
the peoples money to mitigate his disappoint-
ment. Corbin showed the money into his pocket
and went out West to look up an Investment
lie found it in Denver. nice looking gentle
man, of pleasant address, quietly sought him
out, and informed him that he had come into
possession of several gold bricks, which he
transaction was kept secret lie did not like to
explain how he got the bricks, and hehce his
,eason for disposing of them at n good deal less
than their market value. Corbin replied that
lie wasn't judge Of gold bricks and could not
tell their value.
"Oh, you may take them TO an assayer and
have any test ycu please made, replied the ac
commodating gentleman. The result
quick bargain. Corbin exchanged his $4,000
in greenbacks for the bricks and next day went
to make q convenient disposition of his largely
augmented and unwieldly wealth. lie was in
formed that his purchase was fraud the
'~i"rs had h""~ cooked nnl.Corbin had been
done for oy lot Of 'bunko' men.
"Rcbc George" q we'll known confidence op-
orator, who had male the sale, quickly jumped
the town, with the $4,000 in his pocket, and
left his pals in the lurch, not even stopping to
pay the man who invested $3.50 for the material
10 fix up the swindc. The defraulcd conspira
tor consequently gave the thing away, and in his
desire to avengc himself upon "Rchel George"
has come to Washington to persuade Corbn to
return to Denver and prosecute Washington
Post.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

ExODrs OF MopMoN LECuERs FRoM GEORGIA.
New York, August 2O-An Atlanta, Georgia
special says A reliable report has been re.
ceivcd here to the effect that various Mormon
congregations in North Georgia arc organizing
for an immediate exodus to Utah. A great many
native Mormns will go. The movement creates
some excitement in the country but the saints
arc determined and this field will be abandoned
for awic."
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

THREE EX-SLAvEs APPRECIATED -Tarboro, y.
c., August S.-This morning Gen Jesse III.
Drake, n prominent citizen Of Nash County,
dicl lie requested that his will should be read
en the day of his death. In accordance with
rhis dcathbcd request the will was opened, and
it was found that he had left his whole fortune
estimated at from $40, 900 to $50, 600, to three
of his former slaves, Calvin brake, Aaron Drake
a,,d Judah Drake, for their lives, with re-
versal to their children. His will was written
on the 10Th of March, 1877. lie leaves all his
estate real and personal, to them, and says -
They have been my faithful slaves, and have
remained with me since their freedom, nursing
and caring fer me in my old age, and | desire
them to share my gratitude. On Enquirer.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

a "RAKE' IN rEACnKs.--About the commits
sion men the following is told A gentleman from
this county followed his peaches ~ New York,
them sold and delivered, made notes of the
sale, number Of crates, prices, etc. lie was un-
known to the commission men. On his reurn
homo, lie received account Of sales about one
third less than the price sold for. lie wrote to
his merchant and furnished him with n correct
account Of sales, and received an enclosure for
the amount Of balance and letter begging him
not to make public the transacton.--S lem y.
e., .SHnJcqDl.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

DESrRrCrION OF CHorS IN NIEGINIA.--Pctcrs-
burg, Va, August l9.-Thc damage to the grow
ing crops in the adjacent counties by the storm
of yesterday, which was the srycrcst expert
emced in this section for years is expected to he
very great. In Surly County alone the damage
to the corn crop is estimated AT 30 per cent. --
Barns anl outbuildingS we're also considerably
dimagcd.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29
PEAS-OATS-CLOVER.

l. How many peas can be made to the
acre on land that will make fifteen bushels
of corn?
2. Are spring oats more uncertain and
more exhaustiug to laud than fall oats
3. Are white oats preferable to black Or
red oats for spring sowing?
4. Should clover be sown in the spring
or fall, with grain, or t, itsclf?'-Jew Pc
ter, Mineral Springs, Arkansas.
ANSWER
l. From two thirds to three fourths a.
much peas as corn may DC made, provided
the land is devoted exclusively to peas and
they arc properly cultivated. In some ex-
ceptional eases, where the land is better
adapted to peas than corn, the ratio may be
still greater.
2. AS general rule, spring oats are
more uncertain than fall oats Almost the
only gauntlet the latter has to run, is win
ter killing. They come toward SO early,
that they very rarely suffer from drought
the dampness of the earth from the winter
rains being generally sufficient to make the
crop-and for same reason, seldom suffer
from rust! Where the red rust proof is
sown, there is no danger whatever On this
last score. In the Northern portions of
the cotton belt, there is considerable dan
ger from winter killing. but this may in
part be obviatcd by early sowing 1st Sep
tcmber to lst October,) ploushing in we'll
and manuring SO rs to get strong, healthy.
wcllrootcd plants before the freezes come,
and seeding thickly-2 to 3 bushels PER
acrc-thc weakest plants will then be killed
out and the strong left. Get a healthy
plant well rooted and well-fcd, and it can
withstand great deal of cold-a half.
starved one will succumb very readily.
Spring oats arc liable, first, to be killed
if heavy freeze strikes them just as they
arc coming up-in the next place, ripcn-
ing late, drought is very apt to cut short
the crop, and for same reason, rust is almost
sure to attack, unless 4 rust proof variety
is sown. The opinion is general that spring
oats are more cxhausting to land than those
sown in fall. One reason may be, that the
latter being harvested earlier and before
very hot weather sets in, allows heavier
growth of weeds to come upon the land.
Crab grass is apt to follow spring oats-rag.
weed, fall oats
3. Red oats decidedly preferable, if the
land IS good enough to give them sufficient
height, because, equal in other respects,
they c"joy in addition, immunity from
rust.
4. On upland, SOW clover in September J.,
by itself, if you want to make the best clio.
yer. On bottom lands may be sown in
spring with most excellent results. 1T your
land is poor and you wish to improve it,
SOW with small grain, manuring the grain
and letting the latter pay the expense of
manuring, whilst the clover, feeding upon
the rcsduum of the manure left in the soil,
will make good growth, and lay the fnun.
dation for permanent improvement Of the
soil.-,Southe,m CuhiUator.
The first thing man takes in this life
is his milk the last is his bier
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

The first thing man takes in this life
is his milk the last is his bier.
The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, 1879-08-29

Ladies' and Gents Shoes.
\ LII the lending styles. An unusually gcod
"A line of Ladies' Philadelphia made fine shoes.
Ladies' Kid Slippers and Newports in large vari-
ety. RICE g. McLURE.
May = 1S If
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1879-02-15

dcnd having institution in possession oil inc
.oy,rnmon, should be singled ont tor reduc-
ton OF expenses il a question when only 'he
genius of member Of congress can solve
| The office Of principal examiner was eS'
! lablIshcd in lS!S, and was cIasSed WIN the
! highrr Grades United States district Judges
then received an average of $4,000, the assis-
tant postmas,crgrncral ana principal eXamln-
crs 81, 800 Since then the salaries OF the dis
trict Judges have been increased to f3''o' ana
/ that Of assistant pOstmastcrge general |" So'ooo
while that Of the examiner has actually been
reduced These positions demand Il very high
order of attachments, both legal and scientlnc.
Examiners mus, be familiar with one OF The
most difficult branches of the law. lhere are
few iudrcs on the bench who have To pass up.
ON questions of greater importance, where
more learning or soundcr judgment are re-
CURED II is IN their power to greatly hamper
and harass manufacturing industries, anu on
the other hand, to subject inventors OF V'iuaoie
improvements to years Of tedious and eXpen-
sive litigation,
Since 1913, when the salary was $2,ooo, the
labors and responsibilities of the examiner
have greatly increased. Al that time his &C
ton was merely advisory TO the commissioners
Now he acts in an independent, judicial ca
pacity. Then each principal examiner eX-
amined l01 applications for patents In lo"
he passed upon 952 applications. Then the
field to be gone over in making an cXamlna-
ton was infinitely smaller, There were then
about %, 900 patents To-day there are 35o,ooo
The publications have largely increased AS
it is the examiners duty to ascertain whether
AN invention has been previously patented or
described in any publication, and to apply all
the tests of patentability established ny the
courts, some idea of the vast scope and labor OF
the examination is conveyed by the figures
given Up to 1868 the salary OF principal eX-
amlner was nearly equal to to that OF con-
gresham. " IA %
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1879-02-15
WASHINGTON LETTER.
fFrem our regular Correspondent
VIZ III 4

WASHINGTON Feb 4, 1879.
AZ was expected the speech of Gen. Bragg
on Southern war claims has led to some very
sharp and witty speeches in reply. Those OF
Gen Chalmers, Hooker, and Singleton, all OF
Mississippi, being particularly noticeable Mr.
Chalmers lntimSted that Gen Bragg was real
ly 4 republican, and that he secured his cleo
ton only by incorporating in the lions skin
of democracy, and he advised him not to open
his mouth too wide lest hi. voice might be-
tray him.
Mr.. Singlcton's speech was confined mainly
to an enumeration of the Presidents, cabinei
officers and military leaders that the south
prolific of statesmen, had furnished TO the high
places of the nation. From his count 1t ap
pears that there were seven presidents, begin
nlng with Washington and ending with Tsy
lor; that out of 1876 cabinet officers the South
had furnished 81, and that every battle, before
the late war, mad been fought under southern
leaders, and finally that 40 foot of territory
except Alaska had been acquired under Other
than Southern presidents. What all this had
to do with southern claims is something that
has not yet been found out.
| A new patent bill has passed the senate, but
will not, it is thought, pass the house without
material amendment. While the bill contain,
some needed improvements In the patent laws
it makes changes about which there Will b,
diversity Of opinion.
The clause imposing Il tax on patents is IL
a high degree Objectionable, since It will no
only deter inventors from having their device:
patented but will force many poor inventors
to forfeit rights to really meritorious invcn
tons, which. owing TO their lack of means
they have not been able TO bring before the pub
lie or place upon the market. The precedence
of the United States IN the invention of labo
saving and money saving, and comfort
giving devices, III all arts and manufactures
precedence attested by the unparalleled mum
Der of over 100000 patents issued to inventors
has been achieved not more by the genius o
the American inventor, inherited from hi
mother necessity, than the liberal and fostering
n protection Of our patent laws. Unlike the otne
departments of the government that are con
Quoted at great and direct cost to the people
the Patent Bureau not only sustainS ITSELF
brings n large yearly revenue To the golfers q
the public treasury. The sum that the invent
or is required To pay on application for pa
tent, and the larger sum that he must pay
when his patent is granted, with the revenue
from caveats and appeals, supports larg'
4 corps of patent office examiners and other Off
A., cials, and also brings yearly surplus to the
!, L. s Treasury. Notwithstanding the fac
that the salaries of the Examiners of the Paten
Office have renamed stationary since 1913 Tex
cept reduction of 800 last year, while thos'
of other officials have been increased from Y
to POO per cent, 1t is now proposed To reduce
the salary 800. Why the principal employee
. of the only selfsupporting, solvent and divi
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1879-02-15

nR NNI. SHEPPARD Member oiLhe lSNya
~ College of Veterinary surgeons, tnGihI; syl,oN -
PA Elitnr uHtens SD;fo Of the Turf: can Ne ooTsuted
his Office. ut Degcus sale stable Madison strco' aux
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1879-02-15

NJ Il - III SSH. German Druggist ana Apothcc3ry
NJ Wholesale and retail Main street, Ottawa III I'm
portrr .f Drugs, Chemicals French Cogniac Brandics
Wines, sc.
The Ottawa free trader. [volume] (Ottawa, Ill.) 1843-1916, 1879-02-15
gresham

The Chicago and Northwestern Railway Co.
now requires the written pledge of every EN-
ployce to abstain from using intoxicating
drinks even ale, beer and wine, to keep out OF
places where such drinks are sold, and to re-
frain from profane and abusive language.