New-York tribune., 1879-04-08

THE of 626aSE yc II IN Sp
b. LppincOtt ~ TO.
The history of the cooperative movement In
England OF which Mr. HoyOake has been leader Of
conspicuous intelligence and zeal, embraces in this
volume the constructive period, extending from the
year 1s45 1878. According 10 the definition given
by the author phrase industrial cooperation signifies
an organized union for the purpose OF obtaining the
profit Of the transaction and having It eqmtably dis
tributed among those by whom the work Is performed.
As social scheme, cooperation began with the late Mr.
Robert owen who founded at Lauark the first store
which devoted It's profits TO educational purposes and
in whose mind, cooperation paternal arrange
ment Of industry that could be made more
profitable than the plan in which the employer con-
sidered only himself Mr. owen did not oresce the self
managing scheme under which the workmen create
profits and retain them among themselves. His idea
was to organize the world while Cooperation attempts
the humber work Of organizing the workshop and the
provision store. This is the vital distinction between
Communism and Cooperation, which some pub
lie men prone to inexact thinking and
hasty conclusions have often coniounded with
each other The Communists proper have
been described by Won sybei those who desire
transfer every kind OF property to The state THIS s
the theory Of many speculative minds on tbe continent
of Europe but it has never gained foothold IN Eng
lond In 1914 the principle Of cooperation had taken
the form Of a system Of shopkceplng for the working
people where credit is given received where pure
articles Of Just sold at market prices. and
the profits accumulated the purchasers 1t not til
about twentyfour years later in 1865 that the Roch
dale cooperative societies attempted 10 extend the prn-
ciple 10 manufactures Copartnershp IN business does
not involve the elements Of cooperation. The former
proceeds by hiring money and labor. but excluding the
laDorer from participation in the profits In the latter
the workmen share the profits according 10 their work
Even the maxim Of Louis Blanc OF giving TO each ac-
cordnC his wants, and Of eXacting from each ac-
cording TO his capacity, been accepted in
England It is formal aud scientific for the English
mind English Cooperation gives nothing TO IA man be-
cause he wants it, but because he earns IT. Mr. Holy
oake presents instructive exposition OF the coOpera-
tive movement in is relation what he calls industrial
conspiraces conspiracy as he defines It, Is secret
for attaining certain advantages By coercion The
modern trades unions have been mostly OF this kind
the advantage in this being increase Of wages
Cooperation not conspiracy but concerted indus
trial arrangement with view to placing moderate
competence within the reach OF workmen Especially is
cooperation not plan deprive the rich Of their prop
.rty for the OF the poor but 10 enable the poor
To create new wealth for themselves The instinct Of
Cooperation Is sefhep. Only men of independent
pt are attracted by it. The intention OF the coOpera-
tor has always been never to depend on governmental
MD nor upon the sympathy OF the rich for charity
When the working class shall have learned the lesson OF
s1fsupport sefdependence and selfprotection there
will be piety and devotion, and the love OF God among
Them but they will the spirit of worship as they
will owe their fortunes TO themselves. Cooperation, 1t
is urged by the author, in imparnS the power OF self
heIp abates that dstrust which has kept down the
people ABOVE all projects OF the day. cooperative
industry has eradicated the wholesale suspicion Of
riches and Of capitalists This means good understand
,ng in the future those who have saved money
and those who need TO save IT, ana mean 10 save H.
The old imbeciity Of poverty has nearly disappeared
The foolish objection to paying interest for money is
scarcely visible. Jealousy OF anothers sue
cess is only justihable when he bars the way
,o those below him. War upon the rich Ia
suly lawful when not content with their own