The Phoenix herald., 1879-05-31
Agriculture in the United States.

| Wheat and animal food being the principal food products exported, let us see how the amounts raised m Flu rope and America stand to each other. The population of Europe Is about 300, 900 ,000; that of the United States little less than 50, ,000, 900. The ratio of Europe to the United States Is $ to l. Knowing the grain produced, we have this result
 Population Wheat per head Europe 300 100000 S64 1e4 1S6 1.61 United States....48 100000 365, ,094. 800 I-6o We see at once why we are exporting wheat and flour to Europe There IS five times as much wheat raised in this country in proportion as there is in Europe. If the people of Europe did not raise large proportion of oats, po- tatoes, vegetables, 1t Is plain there would be an immense deficit in grain food As it is, there is large de- ticiency in the supply of wheat, amounting to near 300, ,O00, 900 per an mum. Of the wheat raised in Europe. one-third is raised in Russia, and hence from Odessa, and the southern ports of Russia, a large amount of wheat IS shipped to England, France. and Ger mny. A good deal of wheat is shipped from Egypt and Turkey. Still, 1t is palpable that if Europe is to have any tolerable supply of wheat, the United States must furnish large part of the deficiency. In the year 1878 we ex- ported Gncluding tiour) 125. 900. 900 bushels wheat. and 1t is probable we shall export more this year. In look ing into the condition of Europe we see nothing to encourage the idea that the people there will raise larger pro- portion of grain. There is a constant tendency there, as there Is m this country, to increase the civic and arti- san population. Berlin and the cities of Germany, Paris and the cities of France, are still increasing rapidly in Thus there is large part of Europe, especially the northern part, which is incapable of raising large crops of grain. Then some of the best parts of Europe, such as the Turkish and Grecian territories, are so badly governed and kept in such com motion that they do not produce near as much as they might. On the whole it is quite evident that Europe will con tinue to demand grain of us- Indian corn Is now in demand, and last year we exported over 100 ,00O, 900 bushels, If 1t should be as much liked as pota- toes, we may export an immense amount We shall probably double the export of corn. Intrinsically it Is a much cheaper food than wheat, but the cost of transportation from the West, where it is chiefly raised, is great drawback on its exportation. Our main export of corn, however, is in animals Let us now look at that part of the busi- ness. The animals which produce nearly all of animal food exported are cattle and hogs. The proportions in them between Europe and America, 5aking the ratio of population as be- fore, six to one, are:
 Proportion Europe. Ope...........-....SS.OO .OOo,OOo -s5 toi America .-.-----.--zo.9 90o.OOO oo to turope- -ol, ,ooo,ooo -1- to America 20 100000 50 to
 We see again that America has double the proportion of animals which there are Tn Europe. Hence, we also see how our export of animal food has be- come so great Russia is the only country in Europe which at all ap- breaches the United States. In sheep, Europe equals the United States In proportion. Herein our country is at fault. We should raise more sheep We export none, and we do import large quantities of wool. Looking to the above facts, we may conclude that at present, with present prices, and the large demand for provisions and beef in Europe, stock raising is the most profitable part of our agriculture. At this time the States of Ohio and Illinois are probably in proportion the largest stock raising in the world. In 1870 Ohio had S,S1S, ,O00 domestic animals, md Illinois 6, ,925, ,OO0. Reports of the ast two years seem to show that Illl- nois may now have the most Texas md the Argentine Republic (South America) having an immense number of cattle, may have in proportion to the number of people a larger number ,f cattle. But there are no pop 1lous communities anywhere equal n this respect to Ohio, and none l0 Europe. In 1870 the following were he proportions between some States of his country and Europe:
 n Ohio, to each person on-----------------SS n Illinois, --.---------------4t n New York, ..---.------------l-z l-z n Pennsylv'a, '' ------------------11 n Ct Britain, ------------->---S St n Russia, --eN n France, --....------------t-S t-S1 n Germany, -A-u4
 It will be seen that the proportion in Great Britain is only two-thirdss m France, only one-half; and in Ger many, only one-third. It Is true that n the course of civilization the number
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