davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.

All popular organizations are looked up
on with suspicion, and where they en-
brace an unusually large proportion of the
people, all of the same profession, those
who are not engaged in the organization
are very prone to cry, what is the neces-
sity of this? For whose good is this or
ganization effected? Who does it intend
to harm? Or, is it not aimed at us? SINH
lar inquiries in a thousand instances have
been made concerning the Patrons of
Husbandry, and to-day there is hardly an
enterprise or existing avocation that does
not lay at the door of this Order some COM
plant that it is hostile to ''our interests"
And yet we have proven, we think, conclu-
sively III these pages, that the Order of
Patrons of Husbandry is neither selfish
nor hostile, but is only aggressive in the
direction of aiding the farmer in every
possible way to better his condition as
citizen and as member of society.
Then we may ask this question, has it
effected this much? Can the average Pa
tron say to himself, sam I a more worthy
citizen because I am and have been Pa
tron?' Can the most enthusiastic Patron,
indeed, reply to this inquiry affirmatively:
If he cannot, we say unequivocally that
the fault is with himself, not with the Or
der.
Five years ago our farmers knew but lit
tie of each other as neighbors and friends
To-day there is scarcely a neighborhood
but that is bound together by the ties OF
the Grange.
Five years ago we, as farmers, seldom
met for discussion upon any topics. To-
day not month passes but that questions
of vital importance to farmers are discuss
ed pleasantly, freely and with ability, in
Oranges in every township almost in the
| United States.
Five years ago such thing as the av.
erage farmer making a speech was seldom
heard of. To day we have developed q
class of original thinkers, who, in and ou
of the Grange, are always prepared te
| speak in behalf of agriculture and every
thing that tends to advance it as a science
Five years ago such thing as fraterna
arbitration of difficulties was seldom hearo
of. To-day thousands of disputes tina
would otherwise involve costly litigation
are settled "within the gates" and neve
heard of at the "bar of Justice
Five years ago such thing as purchas
ing any article needed upon the farm ex
cept from merchant. who received
commission for selling it was hever heare
Of To day millions of money are spen
by farmers by dealing upon the principle
of wholesale trading, directly with frs
, hands, even as far up as the original man
ufactures.
; Five years ago the cotton planter pail
two and half per cent commission 70
: selling his crop, and almost as much pc
) month for storing it. To-day the entir
. / croY iS sold for lecc tbap ,,a 49,. -
and storage has fallen with the cost of sell
, ing.
: Five years ago grain or stock from til,
; Northwest more than consumed itself if !
sought an Eastern market To- day millions
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
FROM MISSISSIPPI.
DE SoTO COUNTY.


E3ifor Potr61:-On last Saturday, No
vember Ist the members of fernando
and Loves Station Oranges met at Pisgah
Church for the purpose of uniting IN OIL
fering tribute to the memory benjamin
II. Covineton, who died August 18th
1870. He was man greatly beloved for
his amiable temper and fine social quail
ties. Never was there one more unselfish
nor more genial He was never so happy
as when amusing a crowd with anecdotes
and flow Of humor, which though full
of point and pith had the agreeable quail
itv of inf1cting no wounds, and making
no enemies On the occasion of the me-
mortal meeting handsome Evergreen
tree was planted at the head of his grave
| by the brethren and an eloquent Eulogi-
UNI pronounced on his character by Past
| Master, Captain Ebert Oliver. Making
| his grave a bed of flowers, prayers and
| farewells were uttered in tones that show
| ed how deep was the grief to which the
occasion fifty gave utterance.
Major T. G. Dockery, Master of the
| County Grange, devoted kinsman of Bro
Their Covington, owing to mlsapprehen-
sion in regard to the time, arrived too late
to deliver the memorial address he had
also prepared fernando Grange has met
| with many and serious losses by death,
and is in consequence at this time in a some
what depressed state; but hope the new
year will sec it ffourishing again 1t has
excellent materials for vigorous life yet
Master w. $. Weissinger is man of fine
intellect and noble disposition, man Of
princely hospitality. Past Master Oliver
is also a man of ability and much courtesy
of manner, master of Grange usages
ordinances, and an adept in the Secre
work of the Order. Then there is Maste
g. w. Nail, eminent for his bracttca
Grangerism-good uncle Billy Ragsdale
good inevery sense of the word and Bro
Their Billy Baker, always faithful, Away
on time-a man dilligent in business ant
} steadfast in purpose.
A dry sunshiny fall has been highl,
5 favorable to the gathering of the cottol
t crop in this section. 1t is fully an averag
} one and there is good yield of corn, pea
: and sweet potatoes in the country. Ma
t Dockery, Master of the County Grange
has made seven hundred gallons of win
Y and set fine example of the profits Q
mixed husbandry.
fernando, which last year was scourg
: ed with yellow fever, has this year by
!, strict quarantine escaped with not sin
gle case. The quarantine was raised
week ago and there is now a very bris
trade going on with Memphis, trains goin
t back and forth daily. The epidemic
l is supposed to be about over, though ther
5 will no doubt be sporadic" cases for sew
4 eral weeks yet.
. There has been great excitement in tn
d Democratic party for several weeks in re
S gard to the candidate for sheriff, part;
S split resulting in two candidates bein
S kept in the field; Capt Raines and Ma
: Bynum. Tomorrow will decide the cor
test 1t is cold enough every night fc
e frost, and SO dry that the beds of creek
are as dusty as the hilltops.
n VIRGINIA D. CONVICTION.
fernando. Nov. a.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
BERKSHIRE

The improved Berkshires of the pres
ent day are we'll defined breed, possess.
ing in an eminent degree definite and val.
liable qualities, and may be described as
follows: Body color black, with smooth.
pllable plumb-colored skin; hair rather
fine, soft, and thick, feet and tip Of tail
White, with dash of white in face, and not
untrequently the nose white, as also some
white on jowl; forehead and face broad
the latter dished, with eyes rather LARGE
and very clear, and snout short: ears Of
medium size, thin and very soft, and car
ried rather upright; neck Short. broad On
top, with jowl large and full; shoulders
broad on top, and deep through the chest:
back broad, sides deep,and nearly straight
on bottom line: hams large, reaching we'll
forward on back and well down on hook
well rounded, and deep through, causing
the legs to stand well apart; these, as wei
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

sold in September, it is speedy and pro-
ftable return for expended labor. One
man and team of four horses will turn
over ten acres of corn land, and seed it IN
wheat in single day with the Chicago
Screw Harrow, and in the same time will
one man driving four horses, aided by
single "heIp, harvest from fifteen to TWEEN
ty acres of grain. The self binder cuts the
Grain, binds the sheaf with small wire and
throws it far enough to one side to pre-
vent its interfering with the team IN their
next circuit around the field. Then again
tber immense h:eshers are commensurate
with the extent of the crop and frequently
turn out from 500 to 1000 bushels OF sack
ed wheat as a days work.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

of bushels of grain and as many pounds of
meat are shipped profitably not only to
Eastern, but to foreign markets.
Five years ago the New England farm
er seldom consumed Western farm pro-
ducts. To day he finds it economy to
feed his dairy cows on Western oran.
And thus we could multiply al infini-
tum Instances of practical benefit that have
resulted to the farmers of the United
States by the existence of the Grange; but
we would look in vain to discover a single
instance in which the Grange has proven
detrimental to any man or set of men.
True, we have been decried and wiseacres
have charged that we propose to turn the
world upside down, and trample under
foot everything opposed US. Good men ig
norant of our purpose, unwilling TO inform
themselves upon questions of Importance
pertaining to the Order, have misconceiv-
ed us entirely, and retarded our progress,
whereas helping hand from such men
would have advanced both their interests.
1t will only be by preaching from the
housetops the merits of our Order that
such men can be won. But if they are
convinced that ours is a peacefully ag-
gressive institution, they will not only not
oppose us, but become our firmest friends
and warmest sympathizers.
Whilst we are prepared to say and be-
lieve that vastly more than we have emu
merated above, has been effected by the
/ Order of the Patrons of Husbandry during
| the past five years, we would turn oul
eyes to the future and inquire, will these
| benefits continue to accrue and increase
and will the Order itself become perma
nent in its effect, and beyond a pei adven
ture, settled, established factor in many
conditions that constitute society?
We see nothing III the Order to prevent
its permanency. If its existence to day i
advantageous to the farmer, why should /
ever cease to be? If organization at any
and all times is the surest way to develop
strength, why should it ever become 9th
erwise amonst the farmers? At present
the average farmer throughout the unior
is poor man, and his investment is no
realizing a profitable net income. Thu
may be because Of the depressed times IL
which we are living. But should it eve
happen that the reverse of this will be tn
case, if the average farmer ever become
an independent man, possessed OF lttl
ready cash then this organization viii
teach him to look out for the most profita
Bile investment, in conjunction with hi
fraternal neighbors, and the result will b
: the possession by farmers of cooperativ
manufactures, resulting in the farmers be
coming not only producers, but manufac
turers. And when that day comes, 'h ar
!, times" on the farm will be of rare occur
renee
Then, as Patrons, let those of us VIII
, have the good of the Order at hear
strive to hasten the day when the Patron
, of Husbandry will be SO numerous that
, will be an exception to see farmer WI
is not Patron, believing that where tt
: organization OF farmers is complete, n,
, only they, but men of all other vocation
2 will feel that nothing else but prosperit
to the nation can result.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
FARMERS AND SWINDLERs

In our travels among Patrons nothing
causes us more surprise than the accounts
we hear of the manner in which farmers
are being constantly swindled by frauds
of all kinds, patent-rlght men, agents, etc.
All the many tricks and traps that have
been exposed in the past do not seem to
prevent the new devices and plans for OBJ
tanning money from those who earn it 50
hard, from continually finding, victims.
We saw a statement, some time since.
that, at low estimate 100000 is taken
yearly from the pockets of the farmers of
Ohio, by direct fraud and impos ton; and
from evidence we are constantly coming
across, we believe it ko5v estimate. We
could give dozens of instances to prove
it; every neighborhood has competent wit
nesses upon the matter. AT a town in
Ohio, few days since, the cashier of a
| bank in conversation, stated that within
three weeks he had bought from some
peddlers of cloth, who had been "work-
| ing" that country, the notes of farmers to
| the amount of over $4,000, buying the
notes at a discount of thirty per cent, the
bank thus clearing about $4,000 in the
| transaction, to say nothing of those ma
king the sale cleared. All Patrons ought
to know the cloth swindle. Buy no cloth
of swindlers who represent some bank
rupt firm. How often we come across in
stances in which prominent farmer, yes
we are sorry to say it, sometimes Patron
is paid five dollars day to ride around
the country and induce the agent to the
Irresponsible" farmers, SO that he (tht
agent or patent-right MANI can first swim
die them, then get their notes, sell them
and leave for fresh fields and pastures new
Patrons, don't lend a helping hand know
ingly to wrong or defraud brother or sis
ter of the Order-Exchanec
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
FARMERS EXPERIMENTS

The business of farming, of all human
occupations, is the most intricate and deals
with the most profound and subtle ele-
ments and agencies. There are but few
things about it that are settled to a finality,
and even in the growing of the most com
mon farm crop, as the performing of some
OF the simplest farm operations, there is
yet abundant room for The closest investi-
cations, and Improvements in methods or
practices may be conn passed by even COM
mon farmers who set about them with in
telligence and follow them up with care
and persistency. DR.. Laws has said in
some of his recent writings, that on ac-
count of the influence of different seasons
and other agencies affecting plant growth
conclusions derived from the results of a
single years trial are of little value, and
eXperimenters long ago concluded that il
was only ny having the same experiment
tried repeatedly over and over again, under
similar as well as diverse conditions, thai
the truest and most satisfactory results
could be obtained. Indeed, Dir. Laws
himself says: can average of ten years is
by no means too long period to adopt as
hnal at which to carry an experiment
while in the field experiments on my farm
we consider that twenty years is not toe
long period in writing upon any expert
ments on field produce" What an exam
pie IS here for our experiment trying
friends who are apt to form conclusion!
based on the result of a single, or at leas
two or three years effort! Persistent pa
tience, accuracy and great attention to de
tails, should characterize the carrying or
OF every agricultural pertinent. Maine
| Rarnnar
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

;. Inc Dung Mems Christian Associa-
Gons OF the UnltedtStates now number SS4.
" enese' nifty have buildings Of their
own valued at 81, 92477o. Building funds
20 the amount of 1854, 1S2 have been col
iec.ed by forty two associations, and will
DC expended hereafter upon association
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

ACREAGE OF WHEAT IN KENTUCKY
Ofour large list of correspondence says the
commissioner of agriculture of Kentucky,
there is not one that does not speak of an
increased acreage of wheat being sown
over that of last year. In addition, more
pains are being taken in the preparation of
the ground and the putting of it in. The
demand for drills has been so great that in
some instances large dealers have not been
able to supply it. Moreover the demand
tor bonedust and other fertilizers is far
above that of any other year, SO that our
State can be no longer reproached with
the tact that one county in Indiana uses
more fertilizers than all Kentucky put to.
gether. With the largely increased area
being sown, with the more general use of
fertilizers, with an an equally favoriny
season next year as last, and we have
good reason to hope that the next wheat
crop OF Kentucky instead of being 5000.
900 or 100000 will reach 100000 ar
1900, 900 bushels.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

To-day the spirit of speculation is more
rampant than at any previous time in the
history of this country. There is scarcely
an article in the whole line of products
that can be distributed for consumption at
the speculative prices prevailing at trade
centers 1t is no time for prudent mer.
chant to run in debt for high priced goods.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
ARKANSAS.

APPOINTMENTS OF WORTHY SECRETARY
]. V. SCOTT, OF THE STATE GRANGE.
Union county. November 10th, nth, 18th, and
18TH
Ouachita county, November I4th and 18th.
Calhoun county. Nov. 18th and 18th.
Dallas county, Nov. 10TH and goth.
Columbia county, Nov. 2Ist and 22nd.
Brethren in each county will select the places
of meeting
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

The report of the Kentucky State com.
missioner of agriculture says that live
stock OF all kinds is reported in rood
thrifty condition, and unusually exemn n
from disease. In fact, we do not remen,,
Der single disease as being mentioned
IN any OF our reports in any single locality
IN IN the State; on the contrary, several Of
them speak of the remarkable exemnt;on
from those terrible pests, hog and chicken
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

as the forelegs short and strong, and stand.
ine well on the toes; tail tapering, and
rather fine, and set well up. In general
form, modern we'll bred Berkshire, in
good condition is symmetrical throughout,
attractive in appearance, and recognized
at once as an animal of more than ordina-
nv orth.-Berksh shire Record.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

buildings. The value of property of all
kinds belonging to the associations
amounts to $2,295,ooo. Reading rooms
are supported by $40 associations, and 46S
expend $3I6,24o annually for current ex.
| penSeS.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
ITO MANUFACTURERS AND
- MACHTNTSTS

There is most inviting opening in this city
for manufacturing company either in Cotton,
Iron or Wood. A large t~o-story brick building
with 40 horse power engine, admirably adapted
for small cotton factory, a wagon and pillow fac
tory, or a foundry, can be purchased at a low
price, or VIII be put in part of the stock OF a
manufacturing company. The building has been
used as foundry, wagon factory, MILL etc. 4
company would find this a fine opportunity and
one OF the best locations in the South for rrianu
featuring enterprise For further particulars,
ADDRESS L. II. WOOD,
Columbus, Mississippi
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
NEW ORLEANS MARKET.
THE SOUTHWESTERN COOPERATIVE
ASSOCIATION,

THE SOUTHWESTERN COOPERATIVE
ASSOCIATION,
New ORLEANS, Nov. 4, 1879.
COTTON-Since last report, spots have re
manned about the same, closing to-day firm at for
GOOD ordinary, 1o14c.; low middling, Io38c.; mid
Sling. 1o15c; good middling, 1895 Sales Tor
six days, $500 bales.
New York futures have fluctuated few points,
closing last evening for Dec.s, 90; JAM, I'LL;
Feb. fI.27; Mar. II.44 A corner was made IN
LIVERPOOL for October deliveries, and on the 3Ist
the quotation was as high as 71sd. To day 5 O.
clock, Liverpool closed at I3 -Iod
Net receipts at all the ports since Sept I, 1917
746 bales; at this port same time, o9oSo bales:
BAGGING-Dom. jute,2 pounds II74c'' IRON
ties, s. to 81 50 per bundle.
COFFEE-Fair,I 1868 @I714c.; good, I774@ Ioc;
FLoURSMediunn, SO 50; family, $675; choice
PROvIsIONS-Mes pork, $Ir IS; a shout
ders 43ac; d sides, 61ac.; bacon clear rib Sac;
clear S38c.; lard terces, he; kegs, 734c, buck
cts, SIC.
SUGAR-Pure white c. in hhds $50 &c; of
white, o@914c.; centrifugals, best, Sc y c., as IN
color and grade, 5000; old process, PRIME
MofAsSES-Fai 4oc.; strictly prime, 46c.;
SALT-Coarse, oo@9a15c. sack; fine, 81 321&3
CHEESE-WesternR Reserve, I3(914c; n. Y.
Cream, 15@I51ac.
MACKAREL-No. in bbls. So IS p bbls'
S Is; qrs 81 IS; kits, 81 10
CANDLES-II@II4c full welght.
STARCH-3Kc.
BEEVES-Grass cattle, good fat, $25@2o;
choice, $3o@35.
In response to an inquiry made by friend
what advantage is your cooperative system
over the old method" we illustrate by one exam
pie: A regular house in this city receiving over
10000 ba:es last season, saved in loose cotton
pickings, and office samples 254 bales at $40 PEI
bale. the amount would be $Io,I6o. Under tht
old method there is no way to distribute this sur
plus to the customers. On our plan, this larg'
amount would go 10 the credit of the Association
and in the distribution of the dividends would D
divided amongst the customers.
In handling 90 900 bales of cotton, the following
would be the results:
The commissions would be on 10000
bales, say $1,000
On orders for supplies, say $4,000, at
saw 20 per cent, 6,25
Loose cotton and samples, p 80 bales at $40 1910
Rebates on insurance, o,5O
Rebates on storage 1900
$95,rs
Deduct estimated expenses of conducting
the business, 1915
$500
Leaving as g net profit to be divided amongst tt
customers. S. 5000, or, at their will, the amour
might be applied to the purchase of warehou'
and compress in this city, and thus enable tn
planter to handle his own cotton until placed c
board the ship. The results are simply astonis
ing. In the language of one of the first minds
Tennessee, ''the system is eminently wise" A
that is needed to accomplish greater results is
combine our efforts
Thanks to Bro. Barnes for words of CONNIE
dation. 1 shall in my weekly reports add stu
remarks on cooperation as I trust may be int
esting to your readers.
Truly and fraternally, TT. CARVER,
General Manager
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

COTTON-Nov. s-Liverpool, 6 I3-I6d.; n
Y ork, IIIEc.; New Orleans, Io12c.; Galveston
10 Sc. Mobile, Io1ac.; Savannah, 1926.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08
READ AND THINK.

Another very bad habit to which l call
the attention of my brother farmers, and
one WHICH will continue to keep them
down and under,so long as they indulge in
it, is the habit of allowing others to do
their reading and thinking
In this land of free schools it is hardly
possible that a farmer has been allowed to
grow up without learning how to read
And the man who can read has the means
of acquiring knowledge so far as he has
inclination and leisure, yet it remains la
mentally true, that there are very few
well informed, intelligent men among the
farmers. With here and there an honor
able exception, they neither read nor think
to any purpose, and if they have ideas or
convictions they are often borrowed from
parties whose interest it is to mislead or
deceive them, instead of being the result
OF careful thought and investigation.
1t IS not for want of time and opportu-
n1ty, for every man can find time to read,
think and grow wiser every day, if he will,
but it requires energy, determination and
resolute will to overcome INDECENT and
easy habits. And to make the start, the
labor and effort may be irksome until some
degree of progress is gained when all be-
comes natural and easy. AS the man i'm
proves in knowledge and self-reliance he
becomes more confident of his own pow
ers, and is more a man, and the more manly
he becomes the more successful and use
tul is he in every position in life. 1t he
reads and thinks for himself, he is a better
farmer and knows better how to apply
his means and labor to escape loss and Sc
cure profit.-C Cor. Grange Iisttor.
|
1t is stated that the wooden factory al
New Braunfels, Texas, Melted $SI, 900 prof
its to its owners last year. We believe that
the first extensive sheep ranches in the
South were established in the neighbor-
hood of New Braunfels, some twenty-fi
years ago, by George w. Kendall and
others. The handsome profit from the
svoolen mill established at that place shows
4he great advantage of having the facto.
ries located where the raw material which
shey use is raised. The prosperity of tie
wellconducted cotton factories of the
South furnishes additional evidence to the
same poini.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

60 For further particulars, address
the Editor of this paper.
The patron of husbandry. (Columbus, Miss.) 1875-1883, 1879-11-08

rs Located on the line of the Mobile and Ohio
Rail Read near Enterprise, Miss.