New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-06-24
THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW. July.

A paper on the Russian Universitlesh by
c. X Adams details several Interesting facts in regard
10 The present condition Of education IN the empire Of
the Car. Little has hitherto been published the sub
ject the English language even Mr. Wallace in his
valuable says nothing in regard and the only
auhens of information arc to be found in Ger
man. Mr. Adams has made excellent Of the German
authorities in the present article, and presented
OF details which cannot be found elsewhere
pact form. The educatOna ans of the Emperor
Alexander il would appear, of entirely original
character and not the development and methods
already established He has caused the whole system Of
Nicholas to in precisely the opposite direction
from that In which the nation tending toward the
ignorance of the middle Within the last twenty
five years. fact the progress Of Russia in matters Of
education has been considerably greater than that OF
any other the globe. Under the reign OF Mich
oas the higher education subjected TO the
most isnominous conditions. Tic universities were
originally modelled upon the German plan, and were
allowed certain degree Of independence. But this
entirely away by the decree of Nicholas He for
babe the professors 10 talk OF tyranny when lect
ing on men Nero and Csgula In of the official
manuals prepared tor the OF schools was declared
that the had maintained republic only for the
that they had yet experienced the benefits Of
pure monarchy. III 1852 the study Of Greek was de-
carcd dangerous the state, ana banishei from
oil the schools. Tic number Of students in each OK the
universities limited by imperial command to three
reforming the educational system lie found that the
organization such to cramp every high aspira
ton of whatever kind Over each university placed
a series of military officers. These officers, frequently
ignorant OF educational affairs were III the habit OF in
terfcring the merest trihes OF university manage
ment. Under this system there was no Independence
either for professor pupil Ability to teach not
recognized as the qualification OF a teacher and the
chairs of instruction given not 10 the learned but
to the servie. This condition OF things Alexander
laid hold of with energetic but judicOus hand.
He had set mis- heart upon bringing Russia into
the family OF European nations by thorough
measures educational reform. The German schools
were the models but not with servile imitation. The
work klful adaptation OF the superior methods
of Germany the actual condition Of aaro In Russia.
The Emperor has been still more ardently devoted 10
the reform and development Of the schools
The details of the subject presented ut considerable
length by the writer Of the article, amply illustrating
the zeal and energy OF the Emperor in the adoption
European methods instead Of the Oriental, for the
benefit Of MS people Professor George 7. Fishers
paper on Claiming as Philosopher ami TheOlogian"
generous tribute to thinker OF different school
from his own showing singular breadth Of VIEW catho
city OF judgment, and clearness Of comprehension.
While pointing out the defects in DIR. Chan
ning's theology with equal clcarness OF dis
elimination and charity Of construction, Professor
Fisher does fun justice 10 the rare and boauti-
ful traits Of character which surrounded Chan
ming with snch reverence during nus life and has
gwen him wide and lasting an influence since has
death "Chanuing," says Dr. Fisher untes in himself
various characteristics which cOnspire TO give him pre-
eminence clear mind not wanting in imaginative
warmth transparent, natural style, neither sioyenly
nor oyerw rought the sympathies and attachments of
man OF letters, though he was not widely read
are manifest in his writings superadied 10 these quai
tes there sanctity Of spirit which was felt by
those who heard him In the pulpit, met him oven
casually in conversation. II not simply that he
was sincere and that he spoke In the accents OF con-
yction. 1t not only that be was above the inhu-
ence OF personal motives like the love of praise and the
dread OF ccnsure, and that he had courage core
spending to his cOnyicOnsa necessary attribute In
popular leader-whoh he exemplihed In an inspirtlng