The New York herald., 1879-07-12
ANCIENT TROY.

A1NS1GlN LINZ
DR. scHIIEMANN's ACCOUNT OF HIS LATEST DIS
CovERIEs-THE HEROIC TONES MORE TRo-
JAN TREASURE.
DIR. Henry Schliemann writes from Ilum. under
date of June 5. letter the London Athexettra.
which is published in that journal on the 2sth of
the same month. giving an account of bis surveys.
excavations and discoveries made since March OF
the present year, at which time he recommended
digging. At the end of the first month he was
Joined by Professor yirchow. of Berlin, and Emile
Burnouf. the well known French Orientalist, who
he says Of great assistance to him, and with
whose aid he ''could probably have solved
the great problem whether and to what extent the
plain Of Troy has been formed by the alluva of its
rivers, the problem OF the system Of the"Trojan
fortifcations, which latter could not make out,
though had brought to light nearly the whole of
the surface walls" Examination of the geological
condition Of the plain between nlium and the
Hellespont failed to show 1.-The slightest vestge of
the sea having sojourned there" sweet water
deposits being the only ones found which, in the
opinion of the Doctors two co-laborers. we're de-
rived from an ancient lake. which existed at q
mote geological period. and probably before the
Straits Of the Hellespont and the Scamander and
the Timoris formed.
Therefore," says the explorer, 1.-THE theory
that at the time of the Trojan the
formed deep gulf in the plain Of Troy; that
the later nium too the Heuespont,
and no room lett for the great deeds of the
niad; that consequently the two cities could not
possibly be identical.-this theory. which was de-
Tended bv Demetrius of Scepsis. and by Strabothis
theory. which has been the powerful weapon in the
hands of all modern critics. who endeavored to
place ancient Troy the heights of Bunarbashi
this theory has now fallen to the ground and can
never be revived again. Besides, all those who nom
the uad III. % and xiv 5-36 infer the existence Of
deep gulf in the plain of Troy enormously inter-
pref tine poet who merely intends to describe there
the low shore of the Hclespont. between Cape
sigeion and the heights of Rheteum."
GREAT FORTRESS ON MOUNT cHIGRI
virchow and Schliemann. after visit to Bunar-
bashi and the heights behind it. the Balidagh.
agreed that the circuit walls Of the little acropolis
.n which SO many great modern scholars have seen
the walls of Priam's Pergamos' could have
been called ''Cyclopean. that they belong to
parativey late period. and mark the site OF Gergis.
whore according Zenophon Hist Gr.. ill.,, /. 10y,
Queen Mania kept her treasures. The "keen eye Of
Virchow discovered the dyora OF the town in
OF amphitheatric FORM in which still extant
traces four seats. The great Hellenic
ruins on top Of Mount Chlgri the immense fortress
of which was to be very ancient were ex-
anined and from the character OF the walls OF the
latter it decided that the structure had no claims
to high antiquity, the granite blocks bearing evil
dence Of having been worked with an iron pick
hammer. Schliemann thinks that the destruction In
places OF the in general well preserved walls
due to the growth OF the roots OF trees among the
smaller stones. thus dislocating the large blocks.
while virchow attributes it to earthquakes.
The voyage up to the sources OF the Scanander, in
the Ida Mountains. the natural features observed
and the return to Troy are noted. or Beharahm.
the ancient Assos, the Doctor says:-'I perfectly
with Colonel Leake that the Assos give
the most perfect idea Of Greek city that anywhere
far better state of preservation than those OF any
other Greek city now extant they are an average
eight feet four inches thick, and consist either or
square of wedge-like wrought stones. which
put together precisely like those Of the walls of the
great the Chigr the interior of the wall
as well as the intersces between the stones being
filled with small stones. Wherever the wall consists
of square blocks these regular distances inter-
sected by long wedge-like blocks. which to
consolidate them in their position. AL stones show
the most evident marks OF having been worked with
an iron pickhammer. and they consequently not
claim u very remote antiquity. Virchow agrees with
that although some parts OF the walls may be-
long the sixth century b. Co. yet by far the larger
part OF them has been built in Macedonian times"
On visit which the three explorers made through
Ouloudae Professor virchow decided, contrary to
previous surmises, that the latter and for
Iner, the Homeric Callicolone. which he cons!d
ers to be tacitly understood visible from lium
a condition only fulfilled by the second mountain
old theory that the Scanander once flowed into the
extensive bed OF the little rivalet Kalifatli-Asmak
which is in many places from 66O to s25 feet broad
In support of his theory the Doctor says:n at the
time of the Trojan the Kalifatli-Asmak and the
scamahder had their present beds they must needs
have flowed through the Greek camp. and the poet
would not have omitted to mention this important
circumstance. which would have seriously nerfered
with the movements of the Greek army But at that
time only one river was pouring into the Helespont-
viz, the Scamander, which bent eastward i'm
inodiatcly beyond, Koun keui. and soon joined the
bed of the Inepe- -Asnak in which it flowed into the
Hellespont close to Cape Rh1teum. Thus in moving
from the camp toward Ilium the Greek army had to
pass the Scanander, whose ford Is three times
toned by Homer III. xiv. 433, xxi. l. xiv. 692)."
| HEROES
| Six of the tumu heroic tombs the plain OF
Troy explored. The first. all three agreed. to
bo the tomb Illus. Being ofparc earth it is much
reduced probably by the action or the plough. The
the small artificial mount the sea by
tho promontory of RhDteuin, assumed by tradition
sea in a southerly hurricane. Here nothing was
found but few horse bones. Only = few fragments
OF Roman brick were found in the tumulns near the
mount on the seashore between the villages of Yeni
KEN and Yeni Sehir was found to consist OF u nat
ural sandstone rock. From the excavations made In
the fifth tumulus the great concal hill s3 feet
high and a35 feet in diameter ut the base. called
Udjek- -Tep6, 1t was decided that 1t erected
natural eleva ion gigantic quadrangular tower
fifteen feet long and broad and thirty eight feet
Garth which covered virgin soil the depth of
four feet four inches, and exactly over o circular
stone enclosure four feet tour inches in height thus
also resting the virgin soil) and thirty tour feet
in diameter. comprised OF beautifully cut poly
gons, we'll fitted to zach other that the whole
..it can be- nothing else than sacred shrine says
the Doctor. 'and must have been built ages before
the Quadranpuar tower ana tumuius. burnout
thinks with me- that 1t s Of tho Macedonian time,
perhaps OF the fifth century B. c.; the polygons
having been worked with iron pick hammer wo
cannot attribute 1t to higher antiquity. On the
northwest side OF this circle another wall leans
against it, which also forms curve, but of greater
radius 1t is of equal height and consists OF small
quadrangular stones, joined without any ligament.
only few fragments Of iron implements and pot
tory of various epochs--among which the late
Roman most abundant-wcre ound. As q result
OF his examination the explorer says:-"I do not.
therefore. hesitate to proclaim that this
sarily be the tumulus which, according to Herodi-
Qv. 1872. the Emperor Caracalla (e1l 2l6 A. d.
erected in honor OF his most intimate friend Festus,
whom he had poisoned merely to get his Patroclus.
in order to initiate the funeral made by Achilles to
his friend, which Homer describes with 80 much
beauty and precision in HAD xiii For the identity
of this tumulus with that Of Festus speak also its
gigantic proportions, for vain TOOL like Carecalla
who aped the manners OF Alexander the Great, and