The New York herald., 1879-07-05

the doctrine wherever IL shall be avowed:
tions and its honor. would concede to it and de-
mand for it, as would concede and demand for
every other State. every right aud every power
administrative fnnctions Whatever Others may do.
whoever else may forget the faith of the fathers.
wherever else schemes hostile to the sacred rights of
the nation may be conceived let it he understood
that the of Connecticut stand true and nrm. and
that the ngly and hidcous spirit OF State sovereignty
hath no abiding place in the land of steady habits.
Let me to-day and here pledge anew your fcaity to
the nation your lives fortunes and sacred honor to
its cause.
The programme for the day was carried out as fol-
lows:--Governor Andrews. OF Connecticut made an
was read by Clarence W. Bowen, son of II. c. Bowen;
q. j. Loring. of Massachusetts,. spoke on the sub
ject New England. and Stanley Matthews. of Ohio.
STANLEY MATTHEW'S SPEECH
Mr.. Stanley Matthews. after speaking of the emo
forms OF speech which in times past had churac-
terze all Fourth of July orators He rejoiced that
it had faen at last under the ban of good taste and
good sense or our generation. The day, he insisted
furnished above all grand occasion tor reelection
and sell examination; day. in fact which tho
people of the United States" should speak for our
selves and postcry After nlluding to the fact that
this people were in law and In fact nation. Mr..
Matthews at went into an analysis of the pow
of the national government, aud said:-
SUPREMACY OF the NATIONAL GOVERNMENT.
The practical conception Of American nationality
must find Its limitations in the historical dev elcp-
mcnt and actual administration of political in
stituions, State and national. These authorities
Qlucrent SpnereS.
represents definite but indcstructbe forms OF local
set-government: the other embodies the supremacy
of nstional sovereignty. The latter derives it's
powers from the whole people, expressing its will
with the greatest volume and intensity The States
organized parts only with local aud special and.
therefore. exclusive but necessarily subordinate
functions Their harmonious cooperation is Sc
cured by that principle of relation established in
our national constitution, by which the judicial
power of determining the limits aud boundsries Of
national power IL vested in tho national government.
The provisions of the constitution establish the
.,f fhn Tho
State governments. and give 1t equal place among
the governments OF other independent nations
They make the political institutions, crertcd under
the constitution. government az distinguished
from confederate agency. These three provisions
are the verteorm OF the constitution and deter.
creations the living frame OF organized
force. and not the mere memorial and evidence Of
y compact. A political organization. embracing as
it's constituency the whole numerical body OF the
people. endowed by the law of it's creation with
rightu nj authority to decide for itself all questions
IN relation to it's own Jurisdiction and invested with
power to employ the entire physical force Of its
citizenship to compel obedience to its decisions
tainy can have rivals competitors within ne
limits OF it's territorial sway. And such is the status
of national government in relation to those of
the States.
PROTECTION OF IT'S CITIZENS
In estimating the force and direction of the devel-
opment Of our political life nation. we must
apply, as n Fundamental axiom OF its action, that
wherever there is national power there is national
duty; wherever there is rational right. either pub
lie or private, there is national interest. When
claim righttully arises, though it be in the
person of the weakest citizen tho constitution
or laws of the United State~, it's government 10
pledged to its protection and defence by the cxcr-
ton of every power delegated to it. with
all it's resources. by the concurrence OF all
citizenship. enforced against every violation
in the Jurisdiction OF foreign governments.
II is equally imperative ana more plainly certainly
dicton 80 that no right Of national origin shall he
capable OF defeat by any subordinate authority.
Whatever powers are lodged in the national govern
ment there for use. They may slumbcr when
not needed exercise. It may not be expediont at
all times to exert them. But in the course OF our
called by appropriate exigencies into useful activity
Tha existence of the power is not only q war
not be declined And whenever. by the
tional government owes n duty to itself, to any
one of its citizens, or TO the public. that
sttution confers upon the authority and force to
perform it. These principles have not always been
admitted They have, indeed. often been denied
and may still be said to be contested; but their
more general recognition in these days has brought
= a complete consciousness OF the fulncss
of national ife and from time to time in
future history thoy come to be habitually applied
they will attend and characterize its progress and
development. That progress and development thus
fur have been. for the first 100 years OF recog
recently removed that Its potent infu-
ences for evil have hardly as yet ceased to act
THE CURSE OF SLAVERY.
The practice and institution OF slavery, legalized
in entire section of the country was violent
fragrant and conscious denial Of the fundainen
tai maxms OF personal and political liberty whic
a nation we profcssed, that its continuance was
Inconsistent with vigorous and sound national
feeling 1t, in fact. made Of ns two peoples instead
of one. It divided the country into two sections
arrayed into hostile political camps which .soon.
and most logically were converted into ,nilitary
maintenance of the nation. in the interest
OF civil aud political liberty And IT, the other
side. slavery worth fighting for at aA-which it
not the war did not come too soon. For the
time had when tho issue had to be met and
for both could not much longer live. The mstion
triumphed, and III its triumph found new life-re-
newiug its ltie by afrcsh baptism in the fountains
OF its youth, from which flowed the sparkling and
invigorating waters of impartial freedom and politi
cal equality. showering blessings upon victors and
vanQuishcd nike.
WHAT OF THE rurunE9
But now henceforfh shall the path Of our progress
be and its rate accelerated? Or hcre
still other obstructons that stand In the way to
block IL? These are the questions that interest
to-day. Our political progress in the future as in
true in popular governments. improvements in
ecicnce, art in literature may be established per
sdtnm. often Immediately. upon the authority OF .
single name. But political progress i'll representative
governments involves the education Of the body OF
the constituency TO the acceptance OF ideas and
the adoption Of new modes and habits OF action.
This sometimes but rarely, takes place suddenly.
but oftcner aud better is the slow PROCESS by which
o little leavcn lcavcns the entire lump.
But, however gradual must be the growth OF po-
litical ideas and the development OF our political
institutions. both state ana federal. ~ both are
nothing in the nature OF government itself to III tho
boundary of their extension. There OF course.
limits In the nature Of the cnse to the powers OF
government; but they are incapable Of dcfhiton.
and they move forward with the general advance Of
society. to embrace from time to time new
fields of Jurisdiction never occupied before-never
before supposed to be susceptible OF occupation.
This is true of governments limited ty the lam
guage of written constitutions MS OF those WHOSE
powers supposed TO be measured only by their
actual exercise; for words Themselves nnd new
meanings and new applications in Unforeseen cir
cumstanccs.
IN GREAT CITIES
Our political progress certainly vii not be stayed
by lack Of space for the territorial expansion of
population. There Is certainly within the limit OF
our present boundaries ''amplc room and verge
enough Tor national growth and development. 81
most beyond anything we can now conceive. The
apprchcnsions OF the first gencratiou OF our public
men. aud the later and graver fears largely en-
tertained. that the extension OF Our empire to the
Pacific would break 1t by its own weight have
been met and dispcled. The railroad and the tele-
graph have annihstcd the dangers In that direction
arisng from the elements of tine and space But IL