davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
RAILROAD INTERESTS.
THE TUNNEL BILL RECEIVED WITH FAyoR-RAPID
TRANSIT ~ BROOKLYN.

THE TUNNEL BILL RECEIVED WITH FAVOR-RAPlD
TRANSIT ~ BROOKLYN.
rproM TIE REGULAR CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRIBUyEl
ALBANY, April 3.-Thc proposed tunnel
from Jersey CITY 10 NewYOrk received favorable
s!deration in the Assembly to-day. Some opposition 10
the scheme has been expected from the NewYoTk Cen
trail Railroad far il has done nothing hostile. In
the short debate to-day, Mr. Travis, OF Westchester
County, asked DR.. Hayes what railroad was back Of
the bill" Dr. Hayes answered that lie alone vas black
of the bill" Erastus Brooks said that for himself lie
would say that he hoped railroad was back Of
the bill" 1t needed a wealthy corporation take adj
vantage of the permission given in the bill 1t would
add greatly To the commercial facilities OF New York
civ II a railroad tunnel were built. Then West
ern products could be brought directly into the
civ He hoped tho Newly ork Central would not oppose
rho hill MI. Bradley, OF Nestchestcr County, valua-
HE new member rad That he was OF several gentle
men who spent zoo 900 In building part or an under
ground railroad in NewYork. lie was therefore well
acquainted with the subject He mad very carefully OK
ahmed the bill and had found nothing III u against tue
public interest Chicago had twentys1 railroads which
entered her limits, while Newiork mad only three. The
bill would unqucstiOuaby Increase the factleS or com
merce I'm NcW-York The bill was ordered 10 third
reading by large vote 1t viii doubtless be passed by
a large majority 1890, 80,
Assembly for over Two hours. This was Mr.. Ogdens
bill authorizing the Atlantic Avenue Railroad Company,
OF Brooklyn, To Dud an cieVatcd Ialfoad on atlahtO
Avenue from the South Ferry eastward. Mr. stTahan
argued that Il not constitutional measure lie
snd that was attempt " ev,de the Constitutional
Amendments that the Legislature should not charter
COMPANY was not incorporated with view 10 its build
ing an elevated railroad. The bill was an extension OF
tnat his bll was wholly constitutional Speeches were
also made by Sir. Flynn, IN opposition; aud by MI.
Douglass, Mr. Bramtn, Mr.. Knowles ana others, ~
favor the bill. which was finally ordered 10 thifd
ratbi "a a
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
Twenty-Five THOUSAND CHECKS.

THE PAYMENT OF APRIL INTEREST NO LIGHT MAT
TER FOR THE CLERKs-THE LABOR CREATED By
THE 4 PER CENT LOAN.
WASHINGTON, April 1.-The dividend of inter
est due April ! on the per cent consols amounts 10
about $5O0O,OO0, one-third of which is coupon
interest. The registered portion calls for $4,000
checks to be drawn by the United States Treasurer,
and transmitted by him to the payees. About
$4,000 registered bonds have been issued during
the present quarter, and 203,000 coupon
bonds. With each holder of registered
certificates a ledger account is opened, roquir-
ing now twenty-five volumes. The dividend
schedule prepared in the loan division of the
Registers office is an abstract Of these credit
balances which in aggregate must agree with
the amount outstanding The present schedule
contains about LOO closely printed pages.
Since the 1st of January the daily
subscriptions for bonds have averaged nearly
50 600 COO and the limited force of the division Of
issue has been taxed to its utmost in filling orders
and the posting of over 1000 pages of journal
entries, the latter requiring four relays
working the entire day and night. OF
course Che community at large Is lttle conversant
with the details Of issues. and the unavoidable
DELAYS in making returns have been a source of
ANNOYANCE to the department. well as TO snbscri-
bers The rapid funding Of the 6-2Os has
doubtless been as much matter OF surprise as of
satisfaction to the Secretary, and whether regarded
as a result Of the Resumption Act or the seeking of
a secure Investment for small savings, is no less
cause of cong ratulation to all concerned.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
TIE RIVAL ELEVATED RAILROADS.
EVIDENCE HEARD YEsTERDAY-TuE COMMITTEE TO
VISIT NEW-YOBK.
Icy rrLrGRApH 10 THE rRrBuyEL


IBY TELEGRAPH 10 THE TRIBUNE.l
ALBANY, April 3.-The Metropolitan and
the New-York Elevated Railroads carried their differ
ences concerning the Chathamsquare crossing before
tho Assembly Committee Railroads to-day Some
time ago Mr.. Bradley introduced a bill forbiddne the
crossing OF elevated railroad trains OH the level.
In favor the passage OF this bill there appeared Cyrus
W. Field, David Dudley Field and Chief En-
eineer Katie, Of the Elevated Railroad; the
Metropolitan Road being represented in OppO-
stlon by General John McCOOk and by several
engineers who deemed experts in railroad manage
ment. The engineers testified that By the interlockng
system adopted ny the Metropolitan Road there could
be danger the crossing. They subjected to
severe crOss-eXaminatlOn by David Dudley Field. and
under his questioning admitted that much of the safety
OF passengers would depend upon the locomotive engi
ncers obeylng the signals implicitly. c. ii. Jackson,
one OF the witnesses. said that he thought ninety
trains an hour each way could pass given
point during the hours OF greatest travel. AT this
rate 5000 persons would be transported past each
hour For precautions sake the two swtchnen at
Chathamsquarc crossing, who would control the move
ments of all trains by system OF levers, ought 10 be
changed every hour The mental ana physical strain Of
such position would be very severe. The members Of
the cOmmte finally resolved to 20 70 NcwIork and in
spect the dangerous place, aud also the inteFOckng
system OF the Metropolitan Road. The committee will
assemble for this purpose at the Metropolitan Hotel at
10 a. N. Saturday next.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
COMBINATIONS.

WASHINGTON, April 3.-The Senate in exec
utive session today confirmed the following nomina
tlOns:
C)nads GeRerd--Davd II, Strother OF Western virginia
at City Il MeXco James Riley Weaver OF West virginia at
Vienna
COndds-JOhn NJ Wilson 81 Ohio AZ Panama; William j.
Scruggs Of Georgia, At Omoa and TruNio Henry thmar
OF NewGork at Beslau John VI. Morton, or California at
Honolulu: George OF Illinois at Hamburg John
Harms OF Pennsylvania Venice.
Clarence King Of NewYOr % be Director OF the GeOi0g
cal Survey.
Dr. John Il Hamilton OF Illinois 10 be supervising surgeon
OF the United states Marine Hospital service
William J. Pollock OF Illinois, 60 he an Indian Inspector;
Cicero Newell Of Michigan, to be Indian Agent for tic
Rosebud Agency.
P0Sn0sfs- En0ch Pisbury. BddelOTd. Me- stephen
D. Morton. at City Island ~ Y; Lls A. Mead at hofaYd
~ Y.
le TO be first lieutenant ThiTdLeueuant " Grant Wood
ward to be scCOudleuendut; Third Lieutenant Edmund
Burke, u be seCJnd-lCutenant.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
sEw-YoPK EAST METHODIST CONFERENCE.

NEw-HAyEN, Conn, April Sat the New
York East Conference to-day the charges against the
Rev Seneca Rowland OF Islip L. l., referred TO
committee for investigation. An invitation was ac
cepted from President Porter TO visit Yale College.
j. H. Merwiu ]. o. Worth and j. A. Hubbel were
chosen trustees. vote passed authorizing the
trustees TO receive 81 800 left by the late Jane t. Mil
Ter of BROOKLYN for the benefit OF superannuated and
worn Out ministers Of Newiork East Methodist Eplsco-
nal Conference The agent Ol the Methodist Book Con
Germ rrporS the concern In good condition. Addresses
were made IN favor OF the increase OF missionary
service and the Rev Dr. Fuller OF Atlanta, Ga told OF
the need. OF McthOdism In the South. The Rev. j. -
Chadwick transferred from the NewJersey Confer
cucc 10 tLis and the Rev. f. J. Ware from this Con
ference 20 Nebraska.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
HILLS DEFINITION OF OTHERWISE"
AN INTERPRETATIONS OF TIE WORD WHICH ASTON
IsHFD Mr.. FDMCNDS.
Try TELEGRAPH TO THE TRTBrSEI

WASHINGTON. April Ex-senator Hill is an able
lawyer and an ingenious man. In the brief prelim-
nary debate which took place to-day tho election
case of Mr. Bell, from New-Hampshire, Mr.. Hill
gave novel meaning to tho word " otherwise"
He said it means in a similar manner" Quoting
from the Constitution where Governors are author
lied to fill vacancies which happen from " death.
resignation or otherwise" he held that the meaning
Of the clause is to limit the power of the Governor
to make appointments only in cases where vacancy
has occurred by the death, resignation or expulsion
of an incumbent. Probably no other man in Con-
gress could have made so much out of such slim
materials. Senator Edmunds said that il was a new
idea to him that otherwise" should mean III a
similar maner. He had always supposed it meant
in some other manner"
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
BOyDs CALLED FOR REDEMPTION.

WASHINGTON, April 3.-The Secretary of the
Treasury this afternoon issued the nnetyiourth call for
the redemption OF 500 bonds Of 1868 cOnsols Of 1867
The principal and interest VIII be paid at tho Treasury
on and after the Sd day of July next and the interest
will cease on that day. The following the bonds:
Coupon bonds dated July l, 1867: $50, No. 117.OO1
10 no OOO both inclusive 800, No. 22OO0l to No
234 600 both inclusive $780, No. 1l20G1 to No. 49,
600 both inclusive; 81 900. No. 20300l 10 No. 2l30OO
both inclusive; total coupon bonds, 100000.
Registered bonds redccmabe at the pleasure OF the
United States the first day OF July, 1872" IS 900
No. 1645I TO No. II $50, both Inclusive Total regis
tered DO nds, S3,O00,0Qp. Aggregate, 100000.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
CRIMES AND CASU4LTrES-BY TELEGRAPH
.OHS p PHAIR RETRIEVED.


RUTLAND. VI, April 3.-Goyern0r Proctor has re-
rrevcd John Pa six days 20 low counsel oppor
,uny going before judges Of the Supreme Court
THE SUSPICIOUS DEATH OF A LITTLE BOY.
BUFFALO. \. Y, April 3.-Robert Sharp was ar
rested tonight complaint % the Coroner IFS i've
wears Old yesterday under Suspicious circumstances
Foul play Is suspected
THE MYSTERIOUS BODY IDENTIFIED
BOsTON April 3.-Ihe authorities OF Lynn are as
ured that body the murdered found IN tho
Saugus lIyer That OF Jenne p. Clarke. The body vail
probably be brought 10 Boston tomorrow.
-FOUR TENN ESSEE STILLS BROKEN UP.
NASHVILLE. Tenn. April 3.-Collector WoOdcock
to-day received information fom Wayne County that four
Illicit deres had been destroyed and that much trouble
was experienced IN enforcing the revenue Jaws.
PROMPT CONVICTION OF TWO MURDERERS
HARTFORD, Conn, April BIN the Superior COurt
to-day, Hamlu the state Prison murderer OF Wells shpman
a found guilty murder the FIRST degree ana need
60 hanged on MAY IS 1890 Davis the prison waichman
fellow COnspratOr found guilty o murder IN
the second degree motion was made for arrest Of udg
"A WEEPING FAREWELL AT THE sCAFFOLD.
TFRRE HAUTE, Ind, April 3.--Water Watson
was hanged Newport Ind to-day for tho murder OF Ezra
compton IN January last The prisoner sCc0mp panied 10
bitterly Watson calm aud sefcontroed lie expert
euctd religion = few days ago
A NARROW ESCAPE FROM DEATH.
NORWICH Conn. April "a son of John Sing
rue while adjusting belt nc the Norwich Pistol shop today
was caught lbs shaft making $50 revolutions inmate o
wlred around IL thirty OF forty times On one side the
shaft was twenty Inches from the wall SnUgfucs
aud aad our HUs were bEVAeh OuI IL 10 DuAeheu
that he VAL recover.
A LARGE DECREE OF JUDGMENT.
PHILADELPHIA, April 3--Ihe Master III Chancery
finds the purpOrng % DO an agreement on the
part Of Henry g. Morris TO allow alexander ErVa 100000
Morris CONFIDENTIAL agent and financial manager dd not
truly account for moneys passing 20 MS control he orders
2ss 81 which 1878. The decree includes
Interest the notes used BY J.ryhL
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
THE RE4L7H or NEW-ORLEANS.

NEw-ORLEANs, April 3.-An auxiliary SAM
tary Association composed Of loading merchants. with
Charles A. whitney president, and DR.. C.. b. White "a
sanitary director has been organized TO cooperate with
the municipal and health authorities In an active ener
getic and unremng effort to preserve the present uu-
exampled good health of the city throughout the SUM-
mer. DIR. white fog seven years president OF the
Board OF Health. and is one of the most eminent san
tartan I'M tho South.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
A COMPLIMENT TO Mr.. FISH.

THE EX-GOVERNOR RECEIVED With MARKED DIS
TINCTION.
IRON TIE REGULAR CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRIBUNE
ALBANY April 3.-Ex-GOvernOr Fish visited
the Legislature to-day. Mr. Hustled called attention 10
his presence III the chamber and after briefly alludng
to his DISTINGUISHED services moved that the privileges
of tho oor be extended to him, and that the House
take a recess OF fifteen minutes, in order that members
might exchange personal cOurteses with hlm. Inc
morton was carried and the members passed the time
in paying their respects Mr.. Fish The Senate also
took q compliment TO Mr.. EIsh
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
THE STATE LEGISLATURE.
PROSPECTS OF APPoRTIONMENT.

PKUSPECIS OF APPORTIUNMENT.
AN ACCEPTABLE BILL To BE INTRODUCED TO-DAY
- THE REPRESENTATION OF NEw-YoRK IN
CREASED.
The Committees of the House and Senate have
agreed upon an Apportionment bill which will
probably pass to-day 1t gives this city three
moro Assemblymen and two more Senators.
Richmond County will. however, share in
tho election of one of the Senators.
The Auburn Prison inquiry was resumed yesterday.
Mr.. Moses related several accidental" crcum-
stances which preceded his appointment The Com
mittee on Railroads heard evidence regarding the
proposed crossing OF the elevated lines at Chatham
square. The Hon. Hamilton Fish visited the Legis-
lature,
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
FIRST COLUMN or THE LONG BRANCH PIER.

LoNG BRANCH, n. j., April "a large num-
Der Of gentlemen from New-York Philadelphia and
other cities present at Long Branch this afternoon
TO witness the sinking Of the rst tubular iron pile OF the
ocean pier. There was o heavy sea, and the pile was
driven homo by hydraulic pressure IN Two hoars
sun northwest wind with sleet and rain, prevailed ali
day from sandy Hook " Sea GlTL
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
most monotonous and least satisfactory branch of
the whole work of the Senate.
CLARENCE KING CONFIRMED.

THE NOMINATIONS OF DIR. HAMILTON AND GENERAL
sTRoTHER ALSO APPROVED BY THE SENATE.
lBY TELEGRAPH TO THE TRIBuSEl
WASHINGTON, April 3.-The executive session Of
tho Senate lasted about two hours this afternoon.
during which a number of appointments were con-
hrned. The most important were those of Clarence
King to be Director of Surveys. DR.. Hamilton to
DC Surgeon-General of the Marine Hospital Service,
and General Strother Porte Crayon) to be Consul
General 10 Mexico.
long debate occurred upon the confirmation of
MI King The principal objection urged was that
as a mining expert he had charged and received
enormous fees from private persons for his services
while he was at the same time drawing a salary
from the Government. The charge was fully met
by the friends of Mr. King. 1t was shown that he
had not i'll any manner neglected his public duties
or taken advantage of his public position to further
his personal schemes, while his eminent ftness for
the position fully set forth Senators Voorhees,
and Logan were foremost in opposition to Mr..
Kings confirmation, bat tho probable result became
so apparent during the debate that no division was
called for
No especial effort was made to defeat the contr-
nation of DR.. Hamilton or General StTother.
With regard TO the latter, an effort has been made
from some quarter during the last few days 10 in
1ure his prospects by circulating among the South-
eTn Senators the story that as chief of General
Hunters staf during the war, General Strother
was responsible for the burning of houses etc. The
story was not considered worthy Of serious attention
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04

Whitaker, Congressman-eect from San Francisco to
Washington In time to take part in the organization
of the House shows that the whole distance was COW
cred IN four DAYS fourteen hours ana thirty minues
actual running time. The speed Of the train averaged
thirtY-0ne miles hour between San FrnciSco ana
Ogden and httyone miles per hour between cheyenne
and Sydney. The time il the quickest ever made De-
tween the Pacific and the Atlantic states.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
A STORY ABOUT SENATOR BRUCE.
II II wv 1lI'NV1 '-17-|73 ~
The DEMOCRATIC PAPERS ASSERTING THAT he Is
sLEKlSG DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCEs-rHE REPORT
UNTRUE.
icy TELEGRAPH TO TIE rRIsUSE.I

SEEhlNO DEMOCkAllI AiLAh>Ni~'- I'fi JIM
UNTRUE.
IBY TELEGRAPH TO THE TRIBUNE.I
WASHINGTON, April 3.-SenatOr Bruce says that
the story published in the Democratic papers of
this morning TO the effect that he feels sighted by
the treatment Of Republican Senators and
is seeking ali Of the Democrats to effect
certain purposes in the interest Of the col
Orod people, is entirely without founda-
ton Senator Bruce has received a number
of letters from cOlorcd men asking him 10 move for
the investigation Of the Freedmcns Bank business.
This he sometime ago resolved 10 do, and he pre-
pared a resolution to be offered IN the Senate NOV
ing for the appointment OF special investigating
committee. Mentioning his intention casually
To another Republican Senator he was re-
minded that the Democrats might not see fit even
if they granted the committee. to make Senator
asked a prominent Democratic Senator if hIs party
would depart from the universal custom IN such
cases and refuse to give the craftsmanship Of the
committee to him. If so, Senator Bruce said he
would have nothing 10 do with the matter. He
was assured by the Democrats that the usual plan
would not be departed from and that he would
De placed in charge Of the investigation
il he should offer the resolution upon which IL was
founded This he expects to do III a few days. Sem
atOr Bruce says he declined TO serve on the PEN
slOns Committee because he wanted to devote bis
TINE TO the FTeedmen's Bank investigation, and be-
cause the work Of the Pensions Committee. upon
winch he had already served four years, was the
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
M4DAuE BONAP4RTE UNCONSCIOUS.

BALTIMORE, April Sat midnight tonight
there is apparently no change III the condition OF
Madame Patterson BOnaparte. She continues uncon
sci,us she ia kent alive by stimuants but beyond
possibility Of recovery. Her death may occur at any
M
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
HEREFORD UNDERTAKES A BIG TASK.
HE PROPOSES TO REPLY TO SENATOR HoAR ON
MONDAY NEXT.


lBY TELEGRAPH TO TIE TmBUSE1
WASHINGTON, April Ex-senator Blaine, for some
reason, did not call up the Hoar resolution to-day,
rs he announced his intention to- Perhaps it was
because the Democrats have decided themselves to
take it up. Senator Hereford, Of West Virginia,
announced his intention to-day TO make some re-
marks upon the resolution on Monday next. and he
viii probably attempt the impossible task of reply
ing to Senator Hoar's speech. Senator Hereford is
pompous little man of fair business attainments,
but no debatcr. His especial mission in public life
is to appropriations for the improvement Of
rivers and harbors in West Virginia. While the
last River and Harbor bill was pending in the Sem
ate, Senator COnkling made some sighting refer
ences to streams of which the maximum depth
was only twenty inches. Senator Hereford, who Is
a brave little man. and ready to tackle anybody on
any question asked the Senator from New-YOrk
where he would get his water for the big streams
ii were not for the little ones This unanswcr
able, and the Senator got his appropriations.
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
ALLIANCE OF PERU AND BOLIVIA.
THE BRITISH FINANCES.
THE GOVERNMENT DEFINES IT'S FISCAL POLICY
TAXATION INCREASED SLIGHTLY.


TAXATION INCREASED SLIGHTLY.
LONDON, Thursday, April 3, 1870.
Sir Stafford NOrthcOte, Chancellor Of tho
Exchequer presented the Budget 10 the House Com
tonight lie states that last years revenue
amounted to eS3.ll6,0OO and the expenditures 10
2s54O7 800. Ire latter uded the credit for the Zulu
and the other supplementary estimates The eXpeud-
ture for the financial year ending March 81 1850
timated at es1lj30O0, and the revenue at ss3Oj5.-
900. This estimated expenditure does not include
further provision for the zu Var the payment Of
the Exehequcr bonds; but the Chancellor hopes tho
surplus prove sufficient 90 meet the Iuu expenses
and TO cancel 100000 OF the EXchegucr bonds,
leaving 4i,7JOODO Of bonds from Last years
vote for s6,OOO,OU0 credit 10 be provided for
The tobacco duty rcGdusted In such manner = TO
add pence per pound on cigars The duty on tea and
the ncOmetaX not chan gcd the present condition
Of the country OF being such 10 justify additional
taxation. As alternative, Sir Stafford t0rthcUte pre-
fers TO ask for TO such amounts of the TX
chequer bonds may be required another year,
leaving the sinking fund untouched The 22ODO000
proposed TO be advanced 10 India for the Of
the Afghan war DO not figure IN the Budget. They
will be regarded as loan repayable IN seven annual n-
stalments.
Mr. Gladstone deprecated the immediate discussion or
the Budget.
The resolution relative the increase Of the duty
cigars was adopted, and the debate was adjourned
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
NOMINATIONS.
ARLINGTON. April 3.-The President sent

" ASHINTION, hIIIH o.-IHU IItsIUtHO oCHV
the following nominations to the Senate to-day
Isaac W. Roberts to be Postmaster at Montgomery Ala
hdrU-Medica Thomas j. Turner 90 be Medical
Director Charles II. Burbank TO be Inspector
Passed Assistant elanchon Ruth to be surgeon
New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, 1879-04-04
PRICE FOUR CENTS.
PERU AND CHILL AT WAR.
AN IMPORTANT ALLIANCE FORMED.

AN IMPORTANT ALLIANCE FORMED.
BOLIVIA AIDED BY HgR MORE POWERFUL SIIGHBoB
CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT.
Peru has entered into an alliance with Bo-
liyia, and both nations have declared war
against Chilli The quarrel which has led
to this conflict arises from the transfer
of certain territory to Bolivia on con-
dition that she would not tax the Chilians
residing therein. Bolivia ceased to impose
taxation, but cOnfscated certain nitrate works
owned by CHILEAN company. Chill retail
ated by sending troops into Bolivia. Peru Of
fered to mediate, but her offices were not ac-
cepted. The alliance has followed.
ALLIANCE OF PERU AND BOLIVIA.
JOINT DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST chill.
LoSDoS. Thursday. April 3. 1879.
Reuters Telegram Company has received the fol-
lowing dispatch;
VALPARAISO, April ., via Rio Janeiro.
Peru and Bolivia have concluded an offensive and
defensive alliance, and both countries have de-
clared war against Chill.