The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-19

NV ST or
numbers the Cubans who have burned their ships.
as the saving is, or who are very much disposed to
do so; these who neither hope nor wish tor any
thing with Spain; who, even though they have
never used their swords have not sneathed them
who fought and continue to light tor inde-
nendence for their homes, a few with the pen
inanv with the tongue; who make fun of and ridi
Guile their countrymen who compromise with or
who hope for anything from Spain; who. IL there
come many or radical reforms will die rrecon-
ciiable. Then come the uncompromising, who have
but little love for either Spain or Spaniards, but
who love their country sincerely who wish for the
prosperity and the happiness Of Cuba. aspiring to
live honored and in peace under the protection OF
strong government, but with Just and wise political
institutions that will insure their liberties and rights;
who If they do not forget the past disposed to
pardon it; who find themselves bound to their nutivo
country by iudissoluble bonds; who hate and fear
disturbances who aspire to gain what they wish Cor
by peaceable means. by persuasion and argument.
With these initiate those who tired. unde-
ceived-who have suffered. and those who do not
consider themselves beaten, but who are decided
not to the risk of any more perious adycn-
lures. Some Cubans and not for this are they any
worse Spaniards. have joined the extreme PARTIES
the radicals OF Spain To-day they are called demo-
Gratis, morrow they will call themselves republi-
cans centraists or federas next day socialists then
perhaps. it will not be repugnant to present thcm-
selves as autoritaros and Ultra royalists il Spain
one ether of these principles should be tr!um-
plant. All this. more than for the good of Cuba
for their own particular interest.
THE EXTREME LIBERALS
With this review of the reignng opinions in this
island you will understand with facility the origin
organization and tendencies the political parties
was made. The great tolerance of General Martinez
de Campos. the pretensions of those who live here
the exactions of thenew institutions the natural
course or events have brought about the formation
OF the extreme parties. The first formed was
known by the name of the liberal party;
it is composed for the greater part of
young men-lawyers. medical men, sons of
Spaniards. rich and comfortable, well educated
OF general though Lot profound knowledge, theo
knowledge of business the actual necessities Of
life. Imbued with the principles OF the materiastc
positivista schools In philosophy they follow Balm
is their tavorite author; all opportu nsts COM
promising and easily led. The programme of this
party at lrst rather undeined; later its aspira-
tions were more pronounced. They seem to wish
for Cuba an autonomous government, less
absolute than that OF Canada, and something like
that Of the Confederate States Of your country
They wish for one or two houses of parliament to
legislate here the particular business interests
of the island, but keeping the right to Deputies
and Senators who in the Spanish Curtes may legis-
late on what in general is really national. Even
thoasn in general they write and speak well and
they do not clearly define their position.
THE CONSERVATIVES.
The other party, distinguished by the name of
''union constitutiona, though not friendly to the
constitution, aspres, Notwithstanding that its pro-
gramme is quite underlined. to assimilation in in
stitutions, politics. administration and economy
with what is established in Spain, modifying them
however to suit this country in very restrictive
In way could these institutions, par
ticularly thus restricted who live eighteen
hundred leagues from the metropolis; who are in
America cradle of the liberty the world surrounded
by democratic governments. republicans, where the
sun of your country enlightens your institutions
instruct and your example forces onward.
Without restricting them they exist these insti-
tutions begin to be narrow even in Spain. Here.
made narrower they would be. utterly inapplicable.
This party is composed for the most part Of
Spaniards, OF men enriched by good or by bad
means. by working or smuggling by buying and
selling merchandise or negroes, all imbued with
liberty. disorder and license; in the public institu.
tions, in the individual rights in the political guar
in the elections in the press in the meetings
and in the tribune perils to the public tranquility
obstacles to WORK; the end of their influence the
end of monopoles and privileges. OF the exclusive
favors OF those in power the necessity of greater
energy, of more Intelligence, of instruction to
fight tor existence and gam riches. honors and
siderations. In most cases proprietors Of slaves.
their great aspiration Is to proong slavery long
as possible. They would cede and agree compro-
mise to everything they could only preserve their
serfs If this damned institution should only remain
untouched but they fear, and with reason, that any
political reform whatever will in the end bring the
abolition of saverythe loss of these interests the
necessity Of considerable change in the actual
ditons Of property and labor In the ranks of this
party are many Cubans-siave owners of course--who
fear to compromise themselves. who fear that there
may be q reaction and that they be denounced and
delivered up to the hate and fury OF the Spanards
Those Cubans too are found in this party who wish
for the titles and decorations that the government
literally donates to its friends those who find them
selves bound to all this by interest such medical
men, merchants; estate owners or industrials who
who live by politics. receive pensions to
write in favor of the sanity cause. of or
der and respect for acquired rights; those who
represent Cuba and this party in the Congress for
what it IL worth to them for pensions con-
coded to them. and lastly. the towards tho timid,
the hypocrites and even some who in the party
from malice-all unite to push matters in such
way that reform will be impossible and reformers
bring they gain their ends. II radical reforms
were established that might satisfy public opinion
the greater number OF the Cubans now grouped
under the banner of the union constitutional
would abandon the ranks of the party and 20 over
to the liberals sort OF turncoat party, which
alone, in my opinion. has the secret OF what is
suitable for Cuba.
LIBERALIzEp spAN1ARps
Many Spaniards would also in such case join the
liberals. Spaniards not scarce for
merly, who, having been educated here. understand
the necessities OF the times. Many OF them also
Spain through the vicissitudes Of fortune and poll
ties. who think here as they Thoughts there and
who do not see the necessity. on passing
principles and their ideas. Tho Spaniards
are now very few who openly work in the ranks of
the liberal party. Although the founder OF this
party was Spaniard lie committed from the first
moment tho rault Of not attracting of not Offering,
sufficient guarantee Us to the only question on
OF the Spanish nationality in Cuba.
Time and reforms, IL they come and accep ted,
more tolerance on one SIDE less doubt on the other
will shorten the distances. and the reactionaries
will lose all that the liberals will then GAIN
CUBAN AND sPANIARD COMMENTED
The general moral physi0gnomy-sO to call it--of
the country can DO defined by saying that
now wishes for All want peace--the same
those who aspire to maintain the satus quo as those
who desire great and transcendental reforms. But
we live in fear. in trouble and in hope. The Span
iards accuse the Cubans OF double dealing of dis
loyalty. OF peridy. of wishing reforms. not us an
end but AZ u means of gaining independence The
Cubans have many of the virtues Inherited from
their progenitors, with all the defects and all the
vices that have been ngrained in them by the gno-
rance OF their fathers. the climate, the in
the oppression and the tyranny
III which they have lived. These are the
q
the century; dobliated. they naturally make
use of the arm Of the weak. Born in tyranny, they
were constantly sighted. 1t is not strange there
fore. that by waiting they have become desperate,
and that within their hearts has been rent the cord
that ought have united them to their opprcssors.
Concede to them liberty. cleanse the stains OF tho
past, re-establish in them the conditions Of FREQ
men, and their faces will be lifted toward heaven;
their eyes will not look so much toward the earth.
They will become frank. sincere and loyal. The
Cubans accuse the Spaniards Of being brutal.
oppressors. tyrants, and sanguinary refractory to
all idea of progress and liberty The Spaniards
have all tho ana all the OF oppressors
Accustomed to live as absolute masters. they have