The Douglas independent. [volume] (Roseburg, Or.) 187?-1885, 1879-12-06

| founded. In consequence of the magis-
trates leaving the bench during short
pause caused by the indisposition of a
witness, Louden applied for the release ol
| the prisoners as the magistrates left the
bench without adjourning the court or
remanding the prisoners. The applica-
cation was overruled.
A Page from the History Of Carriages.
How few ever think, as they enjoy
their elegant carriages of the day, Of
the clumsy mode our forefathers had OF
travelling and of the suffering they must
have endured in their rude, uncomforta-
bic, clumsy wagons without springs, that
were then in use! Chariots of a very
clumsy make, were in use by the people
of Israel 1000 years ago.
| The earliest record we have of convey
ance is the camel. In ancient times it
was the only means of carriage to con-
vey the products from Arabia TO Egypt
Even in the present day, through Persia,
Arabia. Barbary and Egypt, the camel is
largely used, as in the days of old, not
only to carry merchandise. but rs car
rage Tor passengers.
! 4Ac uOTot, LQe HISS dllu UIlc Iuu1G udI6
equal with the camel.
The elephant has been trained for CEN
turies, and was in use long before Greece
and Rome were known; but neither the
elephant nor the horse were as we'll
adapted to the sands of Arabia and Egypt
as the camel, and consequently were not
as generally used. In time of war, the
ancient Romans, Carthagenians and
Egyptians made great use of elephants to
assist in carrying great loads, both of
baggage and of archers and spearmen.
The first knowledge we have of wheels
to carriages is in the Book of Genesis,
| and makes known that wheels were much
It was not till about the seventeenth CEN
in travelling, and it was almost century
after before mail coaches were intro
duced. Before this date all travelling
was done on horseback, although wheeled
vehicles of various kinds were In use by
| the ancients; it is stated that it is only
within the present century that close car
riages were introduced.
The first coach was supposed to have
originated in Hungary, and introduced
into England from Germany, in the six
| use, if at all, that we have no trace that
Qaeen Elizabeth ever used one. The
| first coach ever used in Ireland was in
1893; the first that was ever seen in Scot
land came from Vienna in 1871, although
some writer's claim in 1877. Coaches
| were long rare in Scotland, the young
| looking upon them as effeminate, pre-
ferring the quick movements of the
horse.
| It was not till the reign of Charles I.
that British King had state carriage.
/ In Scotland, the only means of soon
veyance for goods was by pack-horses,
with sacks thrown across the back; this
mode of conveyance continued till about
| 100, when one horse-carts came in use.
During all these times travelling was very
perilous, the roads, if they may be called
such. were infested by highwaymen,
which made travelling anything but a
pleasure. About the year 100 springs
of very rude make were first introduced
in Scotland. Up to this time the manner
of travelling was of very rude and
primitive nature, and in consequence OF
the bad roads the speed was not over
four miles an hour for the mail coaches.
We might mention that in South America
and Mexico the mule is used as O mode
of conveyance, their country being al
most destitute of good roads; so also in
Kapland the reindeer is employed, as
also in Kamtschatka the dog is almost
universally used as q beast of draught.
From the time of the old Greeks and
| Romans, the way back to the ancient
Egyptians, following up period of 400C
| years to the present age, the greatest adj
vancement and improvement of vehicles
of all kinds have been made during the
past fifty years. There are many who
can readily recall to mind the cumbrous
and clumsy family coach, as uncomfort
able to ride in as it was heavy and un
slightly to look at. Our grocers' and
butchers wagons of to-day are more
slightly and comfortable than was th,
state carriage of King Charles /. of Eng
land. Surely We are living in wonder
full and luxurious age; what progress hal
been made in all things that tend to max.
life desirable; how perfectly elegant ant
comfortable is the family coach of to-day
what beauties of taste and comfort. how
easy, noiseless in all their movements, a
they roll over our fine avenues. AS W,
have been astonished at the discoverie
end improvements during the past cen
tury, what may we expect in the next?
Not that we would suggest or recon
mend and backward steps, any plal
which would render our farm work an
slower OF performance, or be attende,
with any more expense. Nor would W
recommend a complete substitution O
oxen for horse labor; but this much i
sure, steers and oxen are never out @
place ON New England farm: there ar
many kinds of work they can do bette
| than horses, and they are always sourc
of advantage and profit. At ali our fairs
the well-matched, large, well-discipline
f oxen and steers are always an object q
| admiration and pride, and we have SCI
: dom known New England farmer VIII
, had likely" yoke of oxen or steers fo
f sale for which he could not get goo
price, and always find purchaser The
may not again assume their former i'm
!, p3rtance as q farm team but on the farm
as animals for work part of the time
for sale as workers or for beef, they ar
of a coming high rank Crosses of Here
fords with our better class of grade
make superior working and an excel
: lent beef animal, while the grade Devon
are also esteemed as workers or beeves
and the excellence of our Shorthorns i
! we'll known
! The main question of farm labor asid
for the moment, we would much like t
see revival of the interest in steers an,
oxen in New England. IL their numbe
were greater we believe our agrieultur
/, would rank higher, for the more cattl
we can keep the higher viii be the con
dition of our agriculture, and the create
crops of grass and the cereals we may b
enabled to grow. Besides there is a1way
a quick market at good price for til
, well-fattened steer, and where the hay /
consumed and animals fed upon th
form, there is profit to such husbandr
: which cannot be argued out of sight.
! pair of good steers on every farm in Ne,
England this fall would not be ba
sight, and every one which the owne
wished TO part with could find q goo
market at Watertown, in preference t
Western steers.
Charley, how far is it round th
I world?" About twenty four inches, m
darling, replied he, as his arm encrcle
her waist.
The boys might add a few as.wsrs an
T feathers to their fancy coIored ha