davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The Indiana State sentinel. [volume] (Indianapolis) 1868-1895, 1879-04-23


active instruments in their control the foun-
fains of our Jurisprudence have received
deadly poison
1t is in this connection, too, that the perver-
by test oaths assumes its most important and
most alarming aspect. Sections SO and 81,
excluding from the jury-box all such as in any
simply parts of general system of legislation
placing the entire machinery OF the Federal
courts, including the grand and petit juries, In
party. In at least II Sfa.es these sections sur
render the finding O sIdicrnents and trials
controlled by psrty .esssiers, and to still more
unworthy class CT sshfis men. The lntelli-
gree, the cultivatioe, the public virtue. all
and welfare OF society. are disqualified as
jurors ii they Joined In tue rebellion, or If
they gave it aid or comfor. in money, arms,
horses, clothes, or anything Whatever for the
use or bene1t of any person who had joined
or was about TO jofn- II the SON was in the
Confederate army and his rat iather gave MIN
ing, and a change of clothing, neither rather
nor son can no serve on a. jury In Federal
such iesis Ma as this has had its
parallel only in enslaved countries Ike Poland,
Hungary and Ireland. where courts were or
Ea Hs1sa been Sy inc now sys for the frsf time
press, and keep In subjugation entire States
principles. Laws OF this kind were never be-
fore found on the statute books Of any govern.
ment claiming to establish equality, fraternity
to understand how any further political use
could be made of the Federal judiciary. or how
any additional indignity could be indicted on
those who designed the perpetual ascendency
of their party by overaWing the people sound.
ed one mere depth into which they compelled
revised statntesit 4 made lawful for the presi
dent :, order the judges, marshals and distric'
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13

Between the years 1880 and
1910, Lieoig instituted expert
ments on the nutrition of plants,
and upon the results obtained,
he founded a new theory and
practice of manuring. In 1910
he embodied this theory in his
Inorganic Chemistry, and its ap-
plication to agriculture and
physiology.
One of the first sentences IN
this now celebrated work reads:
THE chief sources of the food of
plants nature provides in NOR
gonic FORMS"
Thousands ofexperiments have
been instituted to test this state
ment, all Of which, when ration
ally executed, confirmed It's
truth. A revolution in agricul-
ture followed as the result. In
stead of putting the highest value
on a soil rich in organic COM
pounds, as heretofore, we find
the farmer from this time on
striving rather that his soil may
contain in sufficient quantity the
inorganic constituents necessary
for plants.
But since on most farms it
was not possible to add these
necessary constituents to the soil
in sufficient quantity, by the or
binary method of manuring,
they had to be added in the pure
isolated state, as salts. Hence
there soon appeared a great num-
Der of factories whose sole object
vas to supply phosphoric acid,
potash and ammonia to the far
mer in the best form and at the
lowest rates, since these substan-
ces are quickly exhausted by
cropping and most expensive to
replace. A wholly new branch
of chemical industry was devel~
oped for the immediate benefit
of the farmer, and through him
of people at large. But unfor-
tunately, there rose out of this
in a comparatively short time,
an evil which operated only too
seriously against agricultural in
te1ests.
There were foisted on the mar
ket articles claiming to greatly
increase the producing power of
land, and sold for a high p.ice,
which had, in many cases, an
actual worth standing in 10
honest relation to the price de-
manded. Besides, thoroughly
honest men, some knaves en-
gagged in this new industry, and
as it is always. the case that the
innocent suffer with the guilty,
all fertilizers and the manufac-
turers of them came to be look
Ell upon with suspicion. TO
remedy this evil several intelli-
gent and determined men uni
ted In order to fnd out by accu-
rately conducted chemical inves-
legations what per cent. of nj
trogen, phosphoric acid and
potash We're contained in the
several products, and so to de-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13

After treating in the foregoing
chapter of mixtures, a great por-
ton OF which is entirely different
from the original seed, We pa
to another kind of adulterati9n.
This is done by intcrmingl5n-
seeds of the same sort, but OF
different quality, a process tia.
IS mostly resorted to, if at the
time that the tanner procures his
supply, the dealer has in store
seeds left over from last year
To utilize these remnants, they
are to a certain percentage mixed
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13

The little stones mtrsly reduce
the number Of the terminating
plants. without in the least ex-
hauSting the producivness OF
the soil, while in the case of an
adulteration with weed seeds,
we not only notice a reduction
in number, but become also
aware Of the fact, that the weeds
are more or less surprising the
plants, we wish to harvest.
But nevertheless the admire
ture of stones must be condem-
ned In the strongest terms for
this reason, that the purchaser
buys those stones as pure seed,
and that incurs needless expense.
Nor ear any one, that has not
seen it with his own eyes, imag-
inc, how skillfully those little
stones are prepared. We have,
for instance, shown two different
samples of clover-ssed, one of
which was absolutely pure, while
the other contained % per cent.
Of the little stones above deScrib-
ed. None of those experts was
able to tell which sample was
ad~ulterated and which pure.
This shows now exceedingly
careful we have to be in the Sc
lection and purchase Of seeds.
We deem it our duty to be as
explicit as possible on this sub
jet, IN order to prove to the
reader, to what degree the trust
he places in the seedsmen may
be taken advantage of. For this
purpose we shall adduce some
facts which Prof. Noble pub
fishes in his Manual of Sper-
matology.'
Prof. Noble, of Tharani, near
Dresden, is the originator of
seed investigation, and, aided bv
his extensive knowledge of bot
any, has st"ivtn for years most
indetatigably, to give a solid
basis to this branch Of science
called INTO life by him, and, in
the face OF all enmities and ca
lunnies, Of bitter experiences
and obstacles, he has lived to
break a path t. the truth he saw
and recognized. At last, thanks
to his interchangeable activity, sue
cess has crowned his efforts, and
wherever the word "seed inves-
tigation' IS pronounced, hisname
is mentioned in the same breath.
10 be as brief as possible, we
shall give the facts directly,
which Noble states In his "Man-
ual Of Spermatologie," page SD
while We only call the readers
a,tcn ION to the fact that lie is
speaking Of the Vienna ~Interna-
tionaI Exposition. Noble writes
follows:
"* x x i Here We found that
with the greatest uncOncern, a
large firm offered for sale an en-
worthless why grass (Aira
flavescens.) Nor was this All
isolated case. Fox-tail vas la
beled by the same finn as wild
oats. x While the samples
exhibited as Festuca, Poa, etc.
were a real mixture Of grasses
SO that it appeared like DOWN
satire, that, beside them,
there were on exhibition art
fully arranged groups of grass
es. La one collection there
stood side by side two
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13


may be brought to a minimum
bv the usual methods of clean
ing. These few foreign seeds
come partly from plants whose
roots were already in the ground
at the time of sowing, partly
from seeds dropped into the
ground at the last harvest, and
partly from the foreign seeds IN
the material last sowed. In
case, however, we employ a very
impure seed foi sowing, the
result is a wholly different one.
In the first place a certain
amount Of plant food for which
the farmer has paid, is with
drawn from the soil to his loss I;
and again the young plants ct
the kind we intended to raise,
are hindered in growth by the
more or less thrifty weeds, so
that we a sometimes noti:e an
abnormal growth or even a com
plete suppression of the plant
sOWn.
The result of such a cultiva-
ton of weeds appears even more
clearly from this fact That &C
cording to experience they have
the power Of living at the ex-
pense of their neighbors i. e. Of
drawing from the earth much CT
the available plant food for
themselves, and SO stand in a
fourishing condition while the
plants to be harvested may be
half starved. How pre- udical
an impurity in the seed material
may be can be seen from the
result of an investigation made
by me in June, 1876, with red
clover (Trifolium pratense.)
In 1908 grammes among
other impurities there were 116
seeds Of the common plantain
(plantage lanceolata.) Remem-
bering that we SOW six quarts,
equivalent to twelve pounds of
seed to an acre Of land, a simple
reckoning shows that on each
acre we should plant 1886 Of
these weeds. The space in
which these plants grow is alb
solutely lost ; the earth is to a
certain degree exhausted with
out a corresponding return ; and
the crop gathered, because mix
ed with foreign and hurtful
seeds, is not SO valuable as it
would be in the absence Of these
impurities. We must also re-
member that the foreign matter
in this sample only amounted
to 5.770, hence the material
might be called good. The ef-
feet Of sowing a more impure
seed each reader can imagine.
This mixture of plantain seed
with clover which we have cited
is more injurious on this &C
count: Its leaves spread them
selves fiat on the earth in rosetti
shapes, so occupying much space
and completely suppressing all
cultivated plants within their
reach. The truth Of the old
English proverb is very appa-
rent, lone years seeding is
seven years wedding So if the
farmer is buying his seed he
should, in his own interest, not
rely wholly on its appearance,
smell and taste, for it is very
possible that a sample examined
after this method may be de-
IL rod nnoG onI thn ovnnA.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13
FEBRUARY Is.


.'
So" h',' no' 40 ~"
'iuS' - ''~ "''o 7'.
'' '.
abs.
",
--.
''@| .
1N NJ.
''0 "'''
:,
-
n-t.L, ''''7
'""
y Prof Noble AT the N.c.,.
exposition, it may be claim.
either that the confound!nr
the seeds with one ano.l.
originated from the i-uoru.
Of the sorters, or t
the directors Of the re-pectlr
firms exhibited those sample, 81.
seeds III the certain belief, d..
the glas es really contained w.a.
the tickets indicated, But if
the same manner a gold,m;.
were to sell us silver for gu..
copper for silver, or olas,-br.:.
for diamonds, would we acqa:
him on the plea, that he had Tie.
ally believed the metal or h.aG.
were what he had repr,se4.o.
them. ms can underno clrsa.-
stances pass Tor an excuse or
JustlflcatIon. For Just a. TIL.
farmer Knows the value and d.
right name OF his products. lis
the professor must be able 10
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13

Issued Every Thursday morning
Eight pages:4S columns. Only - per
annum, cash.
Office opposite post-office Bird floor.
Address FARMER AND MECHANIC,
Raleigh, n. c.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13

who have had opportunity to
observe the varying quaIlty q
seeds. 10 make farmers aware
that they should III. 10 ""co"''-
| ti6naI trust In them, Nor, Il they
Will pardon the expression ~
their capability of Judging them.
Having seen how, through the
carelessness of the seed producer,
our soil is likely to be lmpov-
erished by the seed sown, and
the development of the young
plants hindered by the inter
mingled weeds, we must add a
few words concerning the fraudu-
lent and intentional adulteratiCn
of seeds.
Probably a good many CT eur
readers will incredulously shake
their heads at our assertion, that
seeds are subjected to such
fraudulent manipulations. They
will declare a cheat of this kind
wholly impossible, since every
buyer, upon the receipt OF seeds,
will take a handful from each
bag, inspect it as closely as pos
sible, and after the customary
smelling and tasting, let the
single corn grains glide through
his fingers. But nevertheless.
even at the risk of offending our
readers, we venture the assertion.
that, as little as it is possible to
determine by the eye the guam
tity of Nitrogen, Potash or phos-
phoric acid contained in a ferti-
lizer, just so little is it possible,
by the above stated primitive
method to draw even an approx
imately correct conclusion IN
regard to the quality Of seeds.
AS with fertilizers, a strictly
scientific investigation is neces-
sary, 50 in determining the
quality Of seeds we must employ
only such methods Of science de
mands.
To comply with this demand,
it is absolutely necessary that
he, who is to undertake the in
vestigation, not only knows the
adulterating seeds and other
components, but also hold in his
memory an exact picture of all
the different forms which any
kind of seed may assume under
the influence of varying atmos-
pheric conditions or other agen-
cies, that will cause a change of
its appearance. For that which
the great Humboldt has demon
strated with regard to leaves,
that not one exactly resembles
another, holds also good with
regard to seeds, corns, two Of
which can never be fou.u shaped
precisely alike, even though
coming from the same plant.
To substantiate our assertion
regarding the fraudulent adul-
.terations of seed, we beg leave to
adduce the following instance:
In Europe at Prague in Bo-
hemia there exists a firm, that
is exclusively engaged in the
working of a quarty-quarry.
The quarry here obtained is
ground in a mill and everything
finer or coarser, than a certain
size sieve, is rejected as useless.
But just that size furnishes the
firm in question with an invalu-
able material for the adultera-
ton OF clover-seed. For after the
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13

but they could not long remain
alone in its beneficent work.
One institution after another was
founded, especially IN Germany,
in a marvellously short time.
To-day we have a large number
of these stations in different
countries, whose aim it is to pro-
tect the agriculturist and thro'
him the very foundations Of ma
tional welfare from fraudulent
men, and to give him a guar
antee that he actually receives
what he pays for as a fertilizer.
And we have the gratifying as
surance that in these countries
absolute security is given to the
farmer for the worth of the plant
food which he puts in the ground,
except where his own careless
ness prevents. But the sufficient
supply of plant-food to the soil
at favorable rates is not the only
condition necessary to a profita-
BILE harvest which requires our
attention. Aiming at the recov-
cry of the value of this plant
food, we have to consider the
seed sown, with the help of
which we receive again the cost
of our fertilizer and labor.
1t is the object of the present
article to speak OF seeds IS they
occur in the market-of their
impurities and of other points
with regard to them, which prop
erly come into consideration
here. And, first Of all, we men
ton the qualities which seed
used for planting must have.
1t should be as free from i'm
purities as possible, absolutely
free from deliberate adultera-
tons, and fresh. We say az" free
as possible from impurities for
an absolutely clean seed is in
most cases impossible. But it
can, and must be required in the
interests of our farmers, that the
PERCENTAGE of accidental impuri-
ties be reduced to a minimum.
There are such a variety of ex-
cellent machines in the United
States for that purpose, that it is
easy WI b comparatively little
pains, to give seeds a high de-
gree of purity. To be sure, there
is apparently a considerable loss
to the dealers, involved in this
cleaning, and those who have
had occasion to visit the farms
of our seed producers have no
doubt been astonished at the
piles of chaff and refuse discard
ed, amounting to hundreds OF
pounds in weight. But this loss
IS only an apparent one, for what
the article loses in weight from
the separation of these foreign
elements is more than made up
to the owner in the improved
quality of the article, and the
higher price which he is iu tilted
In charging for it.
Forit is self evident tina every
entllligent farmer will pay more
per hundred weight for a clean
seed, rather than pay a low price
for an unclean article. For in
the latter case be buys foreign
seeds which may be not only
worthless, but positively %injuri-
Gus to his land. And here comes
In a more important considera-
ton. If we saw an article which
fultils all requirements as TO pu-
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13
CORPS.

Nal, n. A. GREGORY, Ag cehtl'Iu
rEoE, W.G b KEss' ;scientihc contributor
c.pr p DENsov IFloral and Horti-
PROF. c. Is. FAIRCHILD, cultural "rl'elS.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13
For the FARMER AND MECHANIC,
Seeds and Seed Control.

By PROF. GEO. WARNECkE.
The farmer and mechanic. [volume] (Raleigh, N.C.) 1877-1885, 1879-02-13

Organ of the State Board OF
Ag iculture, immigration
and Statistics.
Oroan of the North Carolina State Grange.
Containing Official Reports OF
Both.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03
TO ADVERTISERS.
Geo. p. ROwellS & Co.'S,
s. E L E O. Il L rs T.
OF
LOCAL NEWSPAPERS I

Many persons suppose this list to be
composed of CHEAP, low-priced
newspapers. The fact is quite other
wise. The Catalogue states exactly
what the papers are. When the name
of paper is printed in FULL FACE
TYPEit is in every instance the BEST
paper in the place. When printed in
CAPITALS il is the ONLY paper III
the place. When printed in Roman
letters it is neither the best nor the
only paper, but is usually a very good
one, Notwithstanding. The list gives
the population of every town and the
circulation of every paper. 1T IS
NOT A COOPERATIVE LIST. 1T
rs NOT x CHEAP LIST. At the foot of
the Catalogue for each State the inn
portant towns which are not covered
by the list are enumerated. IT is AN
HONEST LIST. The rates charged for
advertising are barely one-tifth the
publishers schedule The price for
one inch four weeks in the entire list
is $3.50. The regular rates of the pa
pers for the same space and time are
So, 1865. The list includes go news
papers, of which 1853 are issued DAILY
and S07 WEEKLY. They are located
in S25 different cities and towns, of
which % are State Capitals, 32S places
OF over 5000 population, and 444
County Seats. Lists sent on applica-
ton. Address GEO. p. ROWELL Is
coz Newspaper Advertising Bureau,
10 Spruce st. printing House Square,,
New York.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

Mr.. Yocum's counsel, the Times
editor, in keeping with the reform
doctrines he so religiously inculcates,
should thank them for unearthing
this outrage, even if it does besmirch
his bosom friend and financial baclker.
How many other frauds of similar
nature might have been brought to
light, had it not been for the decree of
Curtin's counsel, sitting in the capacity
of judge, may never be known.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

"A South Carolina journal protests
against the practice of carrying con-
cealed weapons, saying that peace and
order should reign in every Southern
State, but that people pull out pistols
and kill each other at the least pretext.
Quondam friends cannot enter into
any argument, no matter how trivial,
without hot words, and they draw
their pieces, blazing away at each
other until one is disabled or their
pistols empty.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03
P A T E N 7 s
7 R A D z = NJ A F K s.

We procure LETTERS PATENT ON
INVENTIONS. No ATTORNEY FEES IN
ADVANCE in application for PATENTS
in the United States. Special attention
given to Inference Cases before the
Patent Office, and all litigation apper-
tanning to Inventions or patents. We
also procure Patents in Canada and
other foreign countries.
Caveats Filed, Copyrights obtained,
and all other business transacted before
the Patent Office and the Courts which
demands the services of experienced
Patent Attorneys. We have had ten
years experience as Patent Attorneys
The Scientific Record.
All Patents obtained through our.
agency are noticed in the SCIENTIFIC
RECORD, monthly paper of large cir
culation, published by us. and devoted
to Scientific and Mechanical matters.
1t contains full lists of all allowed
Patents. Subscription % cents year
postpaid. Specimen copy free. Send
us your address on postal card.
J. Nv z NJ O n S
Send us a description of your Inven-
ton, giving your idea in your own
language, and we will give an opinion
as to patentability, with full instruc-
tions, charging nothing for our advice:
Our book, i" How to Procure Patents"
about the Patent Laws, Patents, Ca
Yeats, Trade Marks, their costs, etc.,
sent free on request.
Address
r. So A. P. LACEY,
Patent Attorneys,
No. 6O4 f street, Washington, ID. c.,
Nearly Onnosita Datapt office
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

AT Norwich, N. Y, Felix McCann,
aged 70 years, was found guilty of
murder in the first degree for killing
his neighbor, James Morris Hatch, at
Negro Hollow, near Sherborn, Che
mango county, December 8, 1878.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

The Secretary of the Treasury has
issued the ninety-third call for the re-
demption of five-twenty bonds of 1865
-consols of 1867. The call is for $10,-
100000, of which $1,000, 900 are coupon
and $3,0O0,OOO are registered bonds.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

The railroad on the ice across the
Missouri River at Bismarck has floated
away. During the last day of its use
it was from one to three feet under
water, and big chunks of ice were
sweeping over it, but trains of freight
cars, bearing materials for the con-
struction of the Northern Pacific Rail-
road, were hurried over up to the last
possible moment. The last locomotive
to cross was careened by the moving
and sinking of the ice, and the fires
eXtingulshed by the water.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03
Estate Notice.

Estate N0IlCe.
ESTATE OF JAMES r. SNADDEN,
of the Township of Berzinger, Elk Co.,
deceased All persons indebted to
said Estate are requested to make i'm
mediate payment, and those having
legal claims again the same will
present them without delay in proper
order for settlement.
JENNIE SNADDEN, Executor.
Or her Attorney
w. w. AMEs, ESQ.
st. Mary's, Elk Co., Pa. }
n3t4.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

The American Bible revision COM
mittee held their regular monthly
meeting for March on the 9th, 2Sth
and goth. The old testament COM
mittee revised four of the minor
prophets for the first time. The new
testament committee finished the
second revision of the Acts of the
Apostles.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

Hon. William j. Albert died last
Saturday at his residencein Baltimore,
in his 63d year. He was q member of
the Forty-third Congress for the Fifth
Maryland district.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

Hon. James X. Gibson, member of
the Forty-first Congress, died on Sun
day morning at his residence in Abing-
don, Va.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

"A dispatch from Utica, N. Y.
says news has been received there
from high authority that the finding
in General Fitz John Porter's case
completely vindicates him. The
Grand Army of the Republic and the
Society of the Fifth Army Corps
fired congratulatory salute.
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03

An Ohio man whipped his wife
because she looked into his pockets
and found love letter that girl had
written to him,
The Elk County advocate. [volume] (Ridgway, Pa.) 1868-1883, 1879-04-03
>. d. bNIII,
President Board of Trustees
II. G. HIPPLE,
Secretary
BOARD OF TRUSTEES:

Note, letter, foolscap, and legal
cap papers, at this office. Also a
large stock of envelopes, as low as
six cents for %.