The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916, 1879-02-16
POPULAR EDUcATIOS IN SPIN.

in fact is effected but substtutions Of pcrsons "
and forms. During this century Span has wit
ncssel moro revolutions than France she has -
passed through tho ordeal Of moro rrbrliions :
md civil and dynastic wars than any other ma
ton in Europe three or four Constitutions have
succocdcd one another; but tho ideas customs, =
AMI Institutions ~ well NJ the systom OF ad-
minstration hnve hnrd,y undergone any
change ut Feast up to within the last few years. ,
Innovation has always been IA unpopular IN
Spain IA in China In vain did Charles H..
and every monarch after him. mako laws 10 IN
| sttute system Of public instruction; these all
| remained a dead letter. The SpaniAr1s long
accustomed to regard ignorance as blessing
| opposed passive resistance such IA could BE-
conquered by no effort Of government; ana
| the stubbornness Of the Spaniards. It should be-
! borne in mind. has boon often compared WIN
that Of tho prince OF ol'stlnacy. the mulc'
The first attempt at educating tho lower
Glasses Mt least the first which yielded any prac-
teal result. was tho establishment in Madrid
| us2Jl of a normal school for tho tralnlhS o'
| teachers after the plans and the mcthods oil mo
Borough Road School Of London,ani uhder inc
nuspicss o. an association similar in its consu-
tuition AMI aim to tho British and Foreign so
cietv" The SUCCESS Of tho teachers trained IN
this school was undoubtedly remarkablci but |
their number was naturally too hinlteu' CON
srauently their work was almost lost IN Uo |
general ignorance. The true initiaioi oi pop
dlar education In Spain WIS senior VII
y Zarate. the author OF an excellent Man
nal of Literature" m emtn' dramauf
moot and very skilful administrator. When
> he WINS called uuon BY tho Government OF lsa-
bella 1870 to assume the direction oil puDhc
instruction. he found eycrythi ny connected win
the department in pitliul condition INC
! property OF the glorious universities when had
= formerly placed his country on an equal iootlng
with the most civilized nations. had been sIuan-
y dered the university buildings themselves wero
70 in ruins. The years spent by the students in
,hc nrnny were often counted 20 them as years OF
effective study and tho time they had devoted
10 theology was available 10 them even In med-
- cal training. " Lss Aventures de Tclamadue
- was used in some schools as atcNt Of elemen-
, tary law and tho same Senor Larate relates
" that h. had himself removed u professor in one
: OF the great universities who monopoliacd the
!, chairs OF literature. history. mathematics.
- geography. and chemistry. On the representa-
;" tons Of this eminent Secretary OF Public In
struction n royal decros was issued which sup
pressed abuses and provided Tor the eetaD-
lishment OF one central normal school In
Madrid nine superior normal schools. and
- twenty-five elementary normal and model
i schools in the principal towns OF the realm.
- In is49 thanks to the tireess energy OF senior
=, Zarate there wero about 5000 elementary
~ schools open in Spain. and public instruc-
- ton was fairly advanced in the way oil COM
80 pletc sscuarisation. The clergy had not. how
~ ever been lille. A reaction followed. and Senior
- Zarate was compelled 10 retro. The Ministry
- Of Public Instruction was suppressed and the
- department placed under the charge OF the
~ Secretary Of Justice and Public Worship. A
=" concor,lat with Rome was signed 1851 which
virtually destroyed all that had been done
- by the previous administration. The sec
a.. onl section 81 this treaty ran "a follows
~ Public instruction In the universities. col
,nr loges seminaries. public OF private schools o
~. every description must be at all points in har-
A., mony with the teachings oftho Catholic Church
- To this end the bishops and spiritual heads o
% the parishes shall be- authorized. through theil
- spiritual Office 10 watch over the morals an
~, tho elu,a,ion Of youth" with full power o
NO. suspending from ofi,e any teacher who. II
a., their Judgment. offered no guarantee OF or
- thodoxy." At the same time the embAr
a1 easements under which the Jesuits Ia
- laborel as t'a hers were removed; an enor
-, NOUS number oi privileges wsro again grantee
. 10 th, Summaries. the study - philo- 1phy wa
30. almost aui-hei from the university. The rove
r luton q ISL should have put Al end 70 thes
,ho proceedings. lat by oNa-serailng The reform
80 the opp1s Ito direction. AMI In q maunor incon
w. si.tent with the condition oi society. II pro
- | y,asl within two years another reaction
which roa,Ael is height with The law OF ~
| temher 1851. This law was - insure 10 III
20 clergy a lar..,r share than ever in tho contr
u7 ~, - ai,.~.',n In he "ui.i,r, ,
ani go, Observation-Disclosures, g., Srol, % s,b,r Z,r,i
un declares that his patriotism docs not permit h
,,, giving any .ures IL reference 70 the numb'
hu' nj pupi.. In he olem,utary schools from Isl
''"' t,lsg--the date u the publication u his in
-'ly .tn.E ui.to- t-s,-,,.i.,, ,,.,s hy >,
mi - - -. 80, ,,i., T,b, C,,,.r,,,.,
lent i,,,t. Ia, liz i n,t Tan MOS, an n,
'ual - " -, ,, LII ,.,,,rI, nm ii
49, 49, ., -. ,,,.,.r t a., u,,i,.rsi,io
''I' The number 81 medical students had dimii
our ish.d 40 farms to render il necessary to shore
W. the course OF medicine by two years 70 avert t.
ally W. 80. -, 80. i1.-,, .t,,h,.st,,ars
ara
roe The revolution OF i7o'' II Is 20 do hopeu, III
,,,lv ended forever