, 1879-02-18
1NII7iCAL CRYPTOcRAPhS'
~. mmooratio Cipher Dispatches
how Wv We're Worked Out.
l., ~ 7. r. q. Nassnrl In the
Aip''u uyorih American lecvlew."
wny Which Was Dark
7he Made Plain.

saeh ao't h.. an article by j. II. q. Ilaasard, Of
T8lBcSh ~, w. Tr;b,,us The dcctpl,crer OF the
tbe New fotS ,...,,,,e. .., nm uCrrnttpranlw IN
n,den cipher ntsps .',' .na f,,1nwtr,r +. The sul,
to." .s, .
a,oe.n,ooranhv a,oes' Is now used chiefly for tcle-
Mu'p'o,1 clpl,crs must belong to oua
r,ohtte, nHoue' vv,r,). mr. lettcra having an
st,bres classes; !. "o.,' v..',.u. " ....a.sa. a
bs,y ~ ,fn',.e',os ,e.,eFs' g. Words Or lctters Inv.
iug shefI usa'' s'"'''~"
bio orier' :. j., ,r,r,oor,nhv ,o,o. ,oth.
A,ter al, the ats v. - ~ s,,.. -e ,",."..
fse by being restricted 10 tno ofa'"atS 'ettc1a
w. ~, numera|s. The Ingenuity cxpcudtd IN de-
'ha n., nuu a,nhabrta Of dots, liues, mat.1emat-
1lsfne ae" p,s,o.i apni .vn,ho,a. on1 fartnattc
al snl aat'oho''''eSn, '.,. -, AL ,..'s'Is.
forms was wasted. ohe cooo ., '.l'S S'au u 10
ecod Of as bnd as anotaet, , r. all eucn "plala
spns' arbitrary m a,phabctic s,pn Is invariablc,
pe o1 81 no "s,,1 ~ tl,c orrrcse o1 llltio IA.
being easily fcau W '"e o>e'sso y. 49,, "'t,a "a
ttuee. II is al"ars represented IN Lhc c'pner
hr he same symbol. 1t makes no difference to
y ~ translator whether thut symbol is
Fl ae' or s hs pst sn ?: sdY, e
fguIe 4 Of ,ne a,nhahetic c,nsr .iensrds N upnn
common w s,at;rc fr",cnnv ~ unrto,,,
lnoaieagS =. on,hnations ni l;sttera in nr11innrv
letters any nont 1nm many tIn,cs earh cinhnr |.
Hn@h!k., Il, ~" f,a,nkrl. The cnnmnueak IL
repeated u ,!t ia ,o,tor ,nn.t ,,s., =. 10
Hobso!y y, s'" Nsxt In nrrtcr aro iitcfv n hc T.
OUT nstoru o1,l mid 4: th,. rnrrst Iettnrs
han. a.'''TM1 Tns ,'omhIe iet,crs a. ~ r. H. ~
NIX y !! T., q cc ara treouent: ec. il. md "a ara
n,. un. " ossr,.Iun,;ons. 10 ala NJ al. ~ ,v. Inv
COMMON ~ tn,,ni az tcrmInaIs ~ - vor1 Es
ou; .a;ar s.a tustonrc. Wsea ;;nuti "rou,,: on
icy "uus ,u1 H. n ri. a,,t1 fofr1 oftnn comn
.H 10 TO- aa,u 1,s,fnna u Ia vers eve ,o'r
Io.s'pe! ~ - oniy "a word in itseif. Int
noa. na,t nvt NJ ny word: tint. lila Tiers
,iso @ common; the definite and
s a;,8ue ais' articles. tne a. m. ase ecncrojly su
aaeanie i, ,n,c"rnns @ lie worsis nre nr9neriv
pssea' ptis' ~ ~ ths rinr thu nternraiatinn i ha
asa ,,M. ai,r @ h,,t IN nfst ,msra aIl thc worda oro
sut NJ cise tht. iyisinI,s arr nnr,,osev
nsp1sssd. Is 1t tic beginning Of word H. i, lli
mus yaa aSays IL oe ty nsi.,aS ns staea: vnTe,
~ ~, Tonc, foilowcd b. ona nf t,c t,tIsr
ns. .'s sI"r.iry witi, tbcsc nrincinfns wrto
uaosi,. ,use thc ,in.r rharacters Mi thu "nisornts
eplJs'r s ro ~ thInis VI, cnn m. II vom Sovo
sas.sed sns PR rrllt % you viii soon recocnixo jrar-
msuu ~ r. ~, iottsrs Mil ho f,MnJ i
so,nnnatio,s uS IN H.. md Won m,,st trv a"n;
.1outS :, "h.crvcI thot ~. ,,1a ~
~ .luu't .a +cntivc ;rrui,rncy of tho iot,crs re
y sMI onIv ''a'' a s,atcment u, ,ha avcrans ,1sss
nm sm;yd Uu ,rom iat,r na,aarc sav NJ ssyaro1
nagcs, aud It Ia often At 1Ault In abort mtS-
iEes
i transparent cipher is formed BY shifting
he l!phalct ono or more steps forward Of
ttck, using e, Tor example, instcat Of a, h for
b, lore, add so on. The only tolsrabiy safu
,lphate,tc cipher Ia one tn which the value Of
tyery character is constantly chanefng. con.
1enItpt coIr p{ this kinl IL known a. tho koy-
vor1 kYstetn, which 3fr, Bassard exnlninf at
jengJh.
moro convenient and secure cInher vaa DE-.
yIsel JY .r. Robrrt Syotrr. Sccrntary nj f{,s
French Atlantic To1erranli Cnmnany. 'rhts fs
nusb utel by busineaa men. nnti sncrtmcns of
itNe.c reccntiy nnhlfshrd In thc rnnnrta ~ .
tanuuf Lawsuit, Mr. Bjater;a cnfc cpnsfsts nf
yocaouiary al e5.{s0J wnrf1s. n,,mhcrcti cnn.
tetutiyeiy from /. nnd nnv nnaohsr tnnt nav ha
a.rcfi nou hv ~. confci,cr = tan W
kty. hunno.r thc mes.arn - he .asnnl - ~" "
nepeY,n an,I The 1.cv tn he nE0n !. 9"nI !, +,
ri ro IaTa 51 soa unosGu ,l,s oT aaa 2,
word unbo,lulcd. DY tic sane PROCESS Of at]iltion
tine II Is eouycrtcd into ntanjat. and Hmonnvn
illa prccpitation, II the KEY remaips fnvarfa.
BIZ, it mar be discovered bY the gyste1n Of
tii.eupssfllg already described hut l,,e t]anrer
ot this could be avoided by chnnrinr liz Inv nj
esery atcpenddtpg g,5O0, for cIamnle. to tho
> first plumber, o,GO0 10 tl,e sccouI, etc. 1he avs
tenn admits OF countless yorintions.
In all important uplttieai rn,uaifrns thu nan of
ate!cgrauIc cipher seetns Ia bn necessary Il
Sould hasten the Reform mtjieui"m. ht.tycver ~
Il such 4lessarrs-bninv In m rjyht NV eurss
Of liz vorJ nrivntn taic1ran,s <nt h,t 'e"aG
psr. Of tic annaratus nf non,,rr r"I c,a,.
ftona-uno,,ta -eP's' ~ - FopA.H' WIZ