The news and herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1877-1900, 1879-12-18
SCIENTIFIC.

SiAUiS PioSiCSo HIS UCcn ulituC WIFI CIlC
now museum now forming at the Paris
Observatory. Among other objects OF
historic interest, 1t will contain pair
Of Mercator's globes, dating from the
middle Of tho sixteenth century. That
fgnrlng the earth is the first on which
meredians Of longitude and parallels OF
latitude were laid down. The great
equatorial lakes OF Africa, it is reported,
arc all to ho found on it. The glass cases
contain the first portable meridian cir
Gle constructed on Admiral Mouchez's g
plan; the pendulums Of invariable d.
mension employed by Captain Fraissi-
net and Dupere IN their voyages around
the world, for the determination of the
absolute value Of the intensity of the
ccntrlpetal force and of gravity at DIFF.
fcrcnt points Of the earth's surface
and the apparatus used by n. Cornu
OF tho Institute, with q view to deter.
mine the velocity Of light from obser-
Yations made between the Observatory
and the Tower Montlhery. Another
glass case, adds tho Journal des De6ats,
contains tho standard metre of the First
Republic; the toise used in 1888 in PERI,
for measuring degree ut the equator ;
the toise used in Lapland some short
time afterward for measuring the polar
degree, and the platinum kilogrnmmo
made by the Republican Commission of
Weights and Measures. Fresnel's lens,
the first ever graduated, is also deposI-
ted In the new museum, and the OBJ
ject-glass Of the great astronomer Cas-
sim, which he used in successively de-
tcrmining the existence Of Jupitcr's
satellites, Saturn's double ring, tho alb
normal f1atness Of Jupitor's poles, and
the vast velocity Of his rotation, as wcll
as that of Mars. In another Of the
cases arc to be seen tho doubly refract-
ing prisMs with the help Of which Ara
20 measured the diameter Of tho great
planets, Neptune excepted.
Diffusion Of Copper.-In recent papc
to the French Academy, NJ. Dieufalt
states that copper exists in complete
dissemination throughout the whole
thickness Of the primordial formations,
the proportions varying much, but in
no case was it necessary to use more
than 100 gr. Of rock In order to iso-
late the metal. Copper also exists in
all ordinary direct sedimentary de-
posits from prlmordial rocks, whether
Silurian and infra-Silurlan or reaching
into the Trias. 1t has never been re-
cOgnized directly in sea-wator, but the
last mothor waters Of the salt marshes
of the Mediterranean contain some of
1t. Thus estimated, one cubic metre Of
natural Mediterranean water contains
at least 0.0l gr. Of copper. The black
slime, always very snlph rous, dcposi-
ted in natural or artificial basins when
sea-watcr is left to itself, always con-
tains copper. The metal is accumula-
ted in sensible quantities in sea-water
wherever this has long washed tho de-
brls Of primordial rocks; and this cop
per Is proclpitated when Gas in aband-
onment Of sea-watcr to itself in basins
or estuarlcs) substances arc produced
chpable of forming insolublo combiua-
tions with copper. Thus are indicated
: tho conditions OF formation of ores Of
copper. Ono consequence Of the dis
semination OF copper through the prI-
mordlal rocks is that all waters miner
allied In this formation or In its imme-
diate dependencies should contain cop
per.
The Trypogroph.-A new instrument
for multiplying copies Of letters, ETC.,
has been introduced into England ulI-
der tho name OF tho Tryp0graph. 1t
seems modification OF Edison's elcc-
tric pen. A sheet of special papor is
place on pcrforatink tablet, and the
wrlGing Is done with a firm hand and q
steel pointed stylus. This has the ef-
WV Va pAoASAhB GiC Will
Der OF very minute perforattons,
through which it is possible to force
Ink on to the sheet of paper placed be-
meath. The making OF the stencil is
the most important part Of the opera
tions. A little practice will show tho
proper amount of pressure to put upon
tho stylus and the easiest way of
writing; and this once accomplished, It
will be understood that tho number of
copies Is limited only by the duration
OF the stencils, which can be stored
away Tor future use, and brought GU.
"a required. No press is needed; all
that ~ wanted Is something with q fiat
surface, the means Of holding the stem
cil nrmly, and squecgce for scraping
the ink over the svrfncc.
Poisonous Gds.--Rccent experiments
have demonstrated that the poisonou
effects Of oxide Of carbon are much
moro yirulent than were supposed, Il
much weaker dilution OF this gas In air
being, IN fact, fntal-that Ia, any man
or animal that brcathes during half an
hour an atmosphere containing l,779
part Of oxide of carbon, absorbs a sutil-
Client quantity Of this gas to make half
the red globules Of his blood become in
capable OF absorbing oxygen; aud If
the atmosphere contained merely 1.4I9
part OF oxide of carbon, one quarter of
rcd qlobules Of his blood became inca
pablo Of absorbing oxygen. Those ex-
periments demonstrate the danger of
several sorts OF stoves. Whenever
thore is an incomplete combustion, OK
100 OF carbon is invariably produced.
Narcotic anemia, narcotic cardiacnl dis
cases, are thought to be caused by this
absorption of the most poisonous gas
known.
Painting in milk Is said to be nearly
equal to oil painting in body and dura-
bility, while its freedom from any Of
fenslve odor renders its adoption desIra-
bio for sick and weakly persons. Take
half q gallon of SKINNED milk, six
ounces Of lime newly Stacked, four
ounces OF poppy, linseed or nut oil and
three pounds of Spanish white. Put
the lime into an earthen vessel or clean
bucket, and having poured on 1t a sum-
client quantity Of milk to make it about
the thickness of cream, add the oil In
small nI9Qptftfoo nj