Grant County herald. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, 1879-03-06

conferred by this treaty, such eight
privilege. and favor
SHALL AT ONCE FREELY ISSUE TO TIL
BENEFIT OF THE UNITED STATES,
! It's public officers, merchants, and
citizens" Against the body of stip.
uiatlons in our favor, and this per.
manent engagement Of equality il
respect of all future concessions tc
foreign nations, the general promise
OF permanent peace and good offices
On our part seems to be the only
equivalent. For this the first article
undertakes as follows:
There shall be, as there have always been
peace and friendship between the United
States OF America and the Tia Using Empire
and between their people respectively. they
snail not insult or Cypress each othei for any
trifilng cause, so as to produce an estranpe.
ment between them, and if any other nation
should act unjnsily or oppressively the Unit
ed States will exert their offices, on being in
formed OF the case, to bring about on annie.
able arrangement Of the question, thus show.
ing their friendly feelings.
At the date Of the negotiation Of
this treaty our Pacific possessions
had attracted a considerable Chi.
nese emigration, and the advantages
and the inconvenieDces felt or feared
therefrOm had become more or less
manifest, but they dictated no stipu.
iations on the subject 10 be incor-
porated in the treaty. The year
1868 was marked by tie striking
event OF a spontaneous embassy
from the Chinese Empire, headed by
an American citizen, Arson Bur-
lingame, who had reliDquished his
diplomatic representation of lis own
country in China to assume that OF
the Chinese Empire 10 the United
States and the European nations
by this time the facts Of Chinese
immigration and its nature, infiu-
ence, present and prospective, had
become more noticeable and were
more observed by the population
Immediately affected, and by this
government,
THE PRINCIPAL FEATURE OF THE BUR-
LINGAME TREATY
was lis attention to and it's treat.
ment of the Chinese immigration.
and-the Chinese as forming, or as
they should form, part of our pop.
ulation. Up to this time our un.
covenanted hospitality to emigra-
ton, our fearless liberty of citizon.
ship, our equal and comprehensive
justice to all inhabitants, whether
they abjured their foreign national.
isy or not, our civil freedom, and our
religious liberation, had made all
corners welcome and under these
projections the Chinese 10 considera.
Bile numbers had made their lsdg-
ment upon our soil. The Burlin.
game Treaty undertakes TO deal
with this situation, and its fifth and
sixth articles embrace it's most i'm.
portant provisions in this regard,
and the main stipulations in which
the Chinese Government has secured
an obligatory protection of its cub
Jecte within our territory. They
reaQ as loliOW6:
ART 5. 1ha United States of America
and the Emperor of China cordially recop-
nize the inherent and inalienable right Of
man to change his home and allegiance. and
also the mutual allegiance, and also the mutu.
al advantage OF the tree migration and emf.
grafton OF their citizens and subjects respect
lively from the one country to the other for
purposes OF curiosity, or trade, or as perma-
nent residents. The high contracting par-
ties, therefore, join IN reprobaing any other
than an entirely voluntary emigration for
these purposes. They consequently agree TO
pass laws making it penal offense for citi-
zen Of the United States or Chinese subjects
to take Chinese subjects either to the United
States or to any other foreign country, or for
Chinese subject or citizen of the United
States 20 take citizens of the United States to
China, or to any other foreign country, with
out their free and voluntary consent respect
lively.
ART. g. Citizens Of the United States
visiting or residing in China shall enjoy the
same privileges, immuniiies, or exemptions in
respect to travel or residence as may there be
enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of the
most favored nation and reciprocalIy, Chr
nese subjects visiting or residing in the United
States shall enjoy the same privileges i'm
munities, and exemptions in respect to travel
or residence as may there be enjoyed by the
citizens or subjects ofthe most favored nation.
But nothing herein contained shall be held
to confer naturalization upon citizens of the
United States In China nor upon the subjects
OF China in the United States.
An examination of these two arti.
Giles in the light Of the experience
then influential in suggesting their
necessity will show tha. the fifth arti-
Gle was was framed in hostility to
what seemed
THE PRINCIPAL MISCHIEF TO BE
GUARDED AGAINST,
to. wit: The introduction of Chinese
laborers by methods which should
have the character of a forced and
servile importation, and not for a VOL
untary emigration Of freemen, seeking
our shores upon motives and in a
manner consistent with the system of
our institutions and approved by the
experience of the nation. Unques-
the adherence of the govern
mont OF China to the liberal principles
Of freedom in emigration with which
we were so familiar, and with which
we were so well satisfied, was a
great advance toward opening that
empire to our civilization and religion.
and gave promise in the future OF
greater practical results in the dlffu-
sion throughout that great population
Of our arts and industries, our manu-
features, our material Improvements,
and the sentiments of government
and religion, which seem 10 us so i'm
portant to the welfare Of mankind.
The first clause Of this article secures
his acceptance by China ofthe Amer
can doctrines of free emigration to
and from among the peoples and ma
ions of the earth. The second clause.
however, in its Reproduction of "any
,ther than entirely voluntary emigra.
ion" by both the high contracting
parties, and in the reciprocal obliga.
ions by which we secured the solemn
md unqualified engagement on the |
part of the government of China, to |
pass laws making it penal offense |
or citizen of the United States or |
Chinese subjects to take Chinese SUBJ
ects either to the United States or to |
my other foreign country without
heir free and voluntary consent, con.