, 1879-04-12
ELECTRIC LIGHT.

nuris Continental Gaztttt.
In 1874 Richard Wetdern,anu, by an Ingenious
contrlyance, managed to utilize the electric llFo
for ca,ciuat!ng rock aud making 1t tnuro easily
bored down by cxcavators. The apparatus was
simple. Instead Of being p'acesl ono on top OF
the other, two rods Of carbon vera fixed paral-
lei. Tue results Of that experiment woro
not such Is to encourage tho extension Of tic
Wcrdcrmann system Of electricity ns applied 10
tunnel. boring; bllt tho contrivanrc, simple ns u
lSht to tl,s stetc Of perfection in which It Is Mt
tic presunt day. II. Jaolochkoll, Nns.
sau engineer, having seen, the WeTaer- eH1
mann apparatus, conceived 'its ntillza,,
ssnsea Sa lei ss issh swS ts p'sf' o easSea @ sr i
kaol!, or plaster Of Paris, tile most important
advantage Of which, was to ulalto sufficient alter.
alton III an already patented inventloit. SO TINT
Engiam. ThU Jablockhoil candle was placed
upon our avenues, our sQsiarcs ID our maya.
zines, In somo Of our hotuist ind In tsw Of
sstrs1 IT, suDsGy to eysry gos y sn n
N. Wcrdcrtnann forceaW this, but ut thc sasne
time he was convinced tlat this discovery wns
but half the solution VI tic problem of electric
lacked tic, grand test. eheapne.s. The mcet. h:
an!stn wns too cumbrous. Tile light could not
DO applied TO atrcots, squares, and large sn9ces.
For dwclitng-houses nrd small siops the VERT
NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS. 43dkuIA M4o Ntt011I pA-
practicable. Consequently NJ. Werdornann
started out upon M, entirely new idSa,
md has succeeded In evolving solution Of the
| whole question which Is destined to MAKO
artificial lighting, II weight Is to be- attached TO
tho opinions OF such Englisl. scientists as Frol.
| Tyndall, Sir James Luttiuer Clark, ". II.
rrecce, the engineers Of tug Trinity Aonso
| (Loudou}, Sir John Fowler, n1iu many others.
The strength Of d Jab}nehltol canalo Is cGaai
| to eleven gas-burncrs, mud this strength cannot
bc reduced. The candle costs 75 cents, md only
lasts onc hour ind quarter. Ihen cofies tils
| expenditure for steam power. Each hour MID
quarter new candle must be 1T. Upon, one
circuit only four lamps {utn,ost limit, tve) cat
! be placed. To generate the clectrlcity Gtamme
maehine il employed, which = 80 arranged @ as to
| tile uso Of from four to h!1tcen lights. Iho
steatn-snrino employed must DO at lcast
| twenty-five horsepower, and tho dranme mn
chino muklilg 1,O00 revolutions per minute, the
ntloutt af fuel consumed Is consequently worry
larvc. 4 stoker must uiways bc pIaeed Ut tho
engine, and man nrc compelled to look attcs the
lights constantly. Upon the Avcnuo DC i,Opcra
IN each lamp are placed ayc candles. When an
accidental extinction takes plnco, tl!e other
lights In the same circuit necessarily follow suit
4ild another series Of candlcs hayc TO bo ourl1ed
| 1t hctu.. impossible to rcltght JablorhkoH
candle when once extingu!slted; owing to Its
construction, which eau bo explained fl sen.
| tcnca. Two strtps OF carbon nro placed parallel
to cach other, as we have previously sad be-
| tween these carbons Ia q strip Of kao!lss nfd,
for tho purpose Of ignition, a piece ot carbon
CONNECTS at tile top tic two. principal aticiss.
Once this connecting link Is consumed, re-
| fguition becomes impossible
| The contrast presented In tho new Wcrdcr-
MAIN Bystcin Is rs wonderful as 1t Is interesting
In every process yot brought before the public,
not. excepting the JablochkoH. rcd, blue, aild
violet beams havc been, emitted, exceedingly
dsagrceab'o to the eye. The lights arc u'1stea1y,
a,l objection has bsen takcn to those upon tl1o
Avenue do l,Opora, owing to tho ghast'y nat'tro
OF tho illumination. In tho Wesdcrnann lamp
no Objectionable beams are observed. !!.o !lyst
'taitybhn!, !,nneino Of twcntyel!se, ,horse:powcr to
psoQuep,4swonty JaolochkoR lights, Mr. Wer-
dcrh,a1n eau etvean equal number q cqual IN.
tcasits BY using 90 eugino Of only s!T or seven
yiu"19lpelfhod SYSTEM aAs 3tnereasget.; 70 loo
requlretlec u,,d constantly twenty circuits
of cnble must be Ill operation. Wcrdernann,
That number, meyer employs but one set Of clcc,
trio apparatus. No hIssiut; sound IL heard from
the light of tho latter Inventor, fault found tIl
every other systen flien, upon , one ,! circuit
VIC hnvo said. From. ono cablc hc can run ore
jointug ond eau bp reduced to tho intensity oi
hnlf ras.birner As w!th eas: BY The, the use 70 Of
sizu yo,l may lesre, or turn It oil altogether
Without the extinction affecting IN the slightest
tic ltltel,sty Oi the Remaining lights IN the cir
cult. This Is accomplished by clever nSIanSe ~
by tho co1nmutator, instantly conveys the e!ec
trio current back to It's source Certainly thla Il
q revelation to clocsric-lght inventors. In tlie
stantiy changing; the olectrtc spark Of tho Wcr
der,nnnn process Is fixed. No attendants arc
required In tho now eystem to clatigo TIT
casilles, AS III the Jabloellkoh. Take, for or
ample a street lump. You can place inBIilo tht
post about three metres of CARBON. Tho ratio u
.. consumption is threu Inches au hour. couse
qucntly, that quantity will burn thirty-nInt
hours, Eiytng as utiel, Light as would last ioltt
metres, Wholesale. costs 4omothli!E like "
) centitnes. It would require thirty Jablocl,kot
candles for tle sans length Of ting, whel
are valued at % francs % centt,nss. Consider
; necessary, atid tho low. electrical tntcna!t,
requisite, Will, the expenditure OF the Jhblocll
kull PROCESS, and YOU have startling. u!minu
tion iu ~ cost q ne innnaton .; o. H. tks u
turo Aild q cotnpleta solution OF tic 1ucstloa @
| Electric Light ~. Gas
{ iu further contrasting tic two sJstcms from
! tho point Of expenditure. it may bo stated, n
electric current ior the JablochkoN light is fa
more expensive THAI for thu .We1drrnntip, II!
, lernate current machtlics nrc absolutely r.
i quirud In tho former system, while III tho lntte
/. any form OF electric machtue, Tram the butter.
, on, altller tho continuous Or alternate, may b.
i, ! uscl. The reason why tho alternate curren
n.actlinc Is requisite for tho laolochlsoH cantl
, Is, that II tho currunt tlUwcl ouly In ono 81
t rectiot, "a It doaA when It IL produced by u,
i contluuoua current machine, onc of tl.o carbon
4 would to used up considerably quicker thal, til
other, md tho light produced would bc irregular
yy thu e,nploymens Of tho nltesnnto current mi
t1ns, md the next instant In another. Thus til
!, | Two casbons Of the cuilale ara burned dow
= eqnuly. Remember, too, tla formation OF I'll
i candle. Each etick OF carbon Ia n!no inche
j long; thus eighteen Inches are consumed In Al
hour nnd quarter. Willis MI. Werlurmann'
i, systo1n will give light Of greater nrllEanc
\ with eighteen inchcs Of tho same carbon last!n
4 six hours. ..
From an economic standpoint VIC have sai
sufficient to giy1 our Eea1cFa a,i idea OF Tho supur
ority at the Westteraiaru pToctss over tile Jul
luctikuH. In few words We ran cnuunctato I'll
popularity OF the now lamp itself. lnstea1 /
+ using two electrodes Identical ~ form aud d
!, of these caron block ur disc, slightly ruunds
r In tho unler side, which + liked aboyo slu'.ti.
Il lin,atrcs III diameter. fllo upper extremity
o this rod passc. through u collar, serYu