davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

DR.. Z Eelrfs StlTtcUdnt, Boston :-''The RURAL
NEW-YORKER has the best list of contributors oil
any paper CT its class I'm the country and is doing
noble work"
Prof. ". J. Beal, Mich. 40l. CbEe0e:-''The RU
RAJ is nO1C the best paper"
Charles Do1CHi10:-"I am glad for the public as
well as for yourselves, thBt the RURAL has so
much improved"
3. PickmGn Mann For years have taken the
leading agricultural Journals, and they all seem
tame 10 me when compared with the RURAL NEW
YORKER"
Prof e NJ Shelton. Kansas AO'L ColIeqe THE
RURAL n NEW-YORKER has more influence and is
more quoted than all the rest put together
Er-GOU. FItY-nds, Nebraska THE RURAL,
most welcome to my table and family.
s. Rtgtts IGsOzt, Nebraska. "I feel that I do not
fatter anybody when say that is thebest journal
of its kind ever saw"
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

VI ais lily
.SKEEN; w. g: ..:--.--..-...--.... Brownvile.
w +. WARREN, w. G. Chap Nebraska City
a j. J.SkEEN----...-.Dist Dep. for Nemaha County.
RrownyiiIe Lodge No. 69, /. o. Of q. T.
Meets every Friday evening in Odd Fellows Hall,
over NickelIs drug store, Main street. Stran-
gers Of our order visiting the city invited TO
meet with us, ThOs Rich ards, w. c. r Miss
Matte Kaufman, Sec. CIV ,Fairbrother. .Sr.L. ID.
Nemaha City Lodge No. 109.-Meets every
4IeandaV evening. Philip CrOther, W CT. John
z. Crother.Sec. ID. "A. Morton, L. ID.
Aspinwall Lodge No. IOS.-Meets every Sat
urday evening. John 5. Minicll, w. c. T. 7. j..
Hitt. Sec.
Zion, No. 133.-Meets every Thursday evening.
west of BrOwnvflie. J. II. Torrance. Wet Geo
Sanders Sec. II. o. Minick, L. D., Brownville
Security. No. 133.-Meets every Saturday even
ing, at Fairview Church, six miles south west of
Brownville. John Maxwell, Wet. II. H Bow
man, w. Geo. Crow, L. D., Brownvile.
Linden, No. 9S.-Meets every Saturday evening
AZ Linden school House, six miles north west of
eeeri44ffn eeer H. RI G2R2d R d WiGTi Vie Ii.f M A Palmer,
Pleasant Prairie. No. I0O.-Meet every Satur-
day evening, AT BFatton School House, Benton
precinct. NJ. /. Eastwood. w. L. T f ElweII
Sec B. H. Bailey, L. D.. Bratton p. o.
bedford, No, 1f0.-MeeJs every Friday evening
AT Coal I Tar School House, four miles south west
OF Nemaha City. JRO. stokes, Wet. p. Young
sheridan, No. I62.-Meets every Saturday even
Jas Hewett, LID.
tOther lodges in the county that desire a place in
this directory will please inform us of name num-
Der wren ana where il meets. names of presiding
otncer and secretary. together with any other in
iormauoh they may wish to communicate.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
The Northern Indianiar,
GEN. REUB. WILLIAMS.
EDITOR AND PRSPRIETO,

EDITOR AND PRSPRIETOR.
without doubt The Northern Indianian
IS the best weekly paper published within
the borders of Indiana, 1t Is q large forty
column fOlfO-the largest in the country
and each number is filed to repletion with
Indiana News, Editorials on every subject
Choice Fragments of History, Select Sketch
es, and Letters from Its own Correspondents
In the East and West. The great size of The
Northern Indianian enables il to furnish its
readers with splendid Continued story in
addition to its large amount OF MfsceIiane-
Gus Heading Matter, and IL is conceded by
every one to be the best paper published in
tne ola HooS1er State. In the first number
of the year 1879 will be Commenced n new
story entitled
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRAsKA.

UNIVERSITY OF NEBRAsKA.
Instruction given in all the branshes of a
liberal education. Open to both ladies' and
gentlemen.
Candidates for admission TO the Prepord-
tory Department must pass q fair eXamina-
tion in Orthography. Reading, Arithmetic,
Geography, English Grammar, and the u is
tory of the United States, Instruction iSgiv-
en- in higher Arithmetic, English Analysis,
and Physical Geography, each for a single
term.
TUITION FREE To ALL.
Fall Term begins Tuesday, September 10,
1873, and ends Friday, December 20.
Winter Term begins Thursday, January 2,
1879, and ends March 2I.
Spring Term begins April ], and closes on
the Second Wednesday of June, the day of
the annual commencement.
Catalogue, containing full information
can be had upon application to
L. B. FAIRFIELD, Chancellor.
Lincoln, July 6, 1873. AL
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
ST. NICHOLAS.
SCribner'S Illustrated Magazine
IAN IDEAL CUILDRFN,S MAGIZIyP

IAN IDEAL CHILDREN'S MAGAZINE.
Messrs. SCRIBNER & CO.. in 1873, began tie
publication OfST. NICHOLAS an Illustrated Mag
Dodge as editor. Five years have passed Since the
nrSt NUMBER was issued, and the magazine has won
Of of nest position u mas monthly circulation
OVER $4,000 COPIES.
1t is published simultaneously In London and
New York and the TRANSATLANTIC recognition Is al
most as general and hearty as the American. AL
though the progress of the magazine has been a
steady advance it has not reached its editors ideas
of best, because her ideal continually Outruns it,
and the magazine as swiftly follows after. To-day
ST.NICHOLAS stands
ALONE IN THE WORLD OF BOOKS.
The New York Tribune has said OF it: st. NlcnO-
las has reached higher platform, and commands
Tor its service wider resources in art and letters
than any of its predecessors or contemporaries. f"
The London Literary World says: There is no
this choice production of Scribner's press"
GOOD THINGS FOR 1859.
The ARRANGEMENTS for literary and art cOntribu-
drawing from already favorlte sources as we'll as
from promising new ones. Mr.. Frank r. stock
ga JOLLY FEILOwsHIP,-
VIII run through the twelve monthly parts be
ginning with the number for November, 1873 the
F. Kelly the story is one Of travel.and adventure
In Florida and the Bahamas For the girls, CON
ssHalf n Dozen Housekeepers,,
By Katharine D. Smith, with illustrations by Fred
ertck Dfelman, begins in the same number; and a
freSh serial Dy susan Coolidge entitled 'Eyebrght
with plenty of pictures will be commenced early
in the volume There will also be continued fairy
tale entitled
HRUMPTY BUDGETS TOWER,
Written by Julian Hawthorne and illustrated by
Alfred Fredericks. About the other familiar fea-
lures of st: Nicholas, the editor preserves good
humOred silence, content, perhaps TO let her five
volumes already issued, prophesy concerning the
sixth in respect to short stories, pictures poems
humOr instructive sketches, and the lure and lore
OF Jack in-the-Pulpit," the VERY Little Folks"
department, and the "LetteT-bOx" and Riddle
box"
Terms, $500 year; . cents Number.
Subscriptions received by the Publisher of this
paper, and by all Booksellers and POStmaSters
Persons wishing to subscribe direct with the pub
fishers should write name, POst-Oiice, County. and
State, in full, and send with remittance in check
p. D. money order, or registered letter to
SCRIBNER &CO., 743 Broadway New
York.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
PuhItshers,Norsees,

THE ADVERTISER Is or sale az the Drug aad Book
Store 0f A. W. Nickel.
LOCAL NOTICES. set as ordinary reading matter
will be chargedten cents per line, each insertion
Set In display type. .fleen cents a line.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
of PHthias,
Masonic,

4 XfeisIof Ledge No. ), K. P.-Meets every
Wednesday evening in Masonic Hall. Visitina
hhights cordially invited. E. Huddart, c. q
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
The Great Family Paper.
THE new YORK LEDGER
F0R THE NEW YEAR. 1879

/ Entering upon the new year resolute for
| the work of a new volume of the Ledger, 10
Will be our ambition TO make that volume
superior to ali It's predecessors.
People who have passed from childhood TO
middle age as readers of the Ledger under
stand very we'll our rule to have every num-
Der fresh, original, interesting and attract
i've.
MAlmost every variety Of question is ans
cred in our columns.
We engage the very best writers of both
Continents without reference to cost.
The most eminent divines, of different de-
nominations. write regularly for the Ledger
All who have had the Ledger heretofore we
are sure Will wish to continue it and those
who have never taken IL before would speed
fly subscribe If they knew one-half the good
things In store for our readers during the
coming year.
The cost of Subscription is but trifie COM
pared to what viii be received in return.
Our Terms for Is79.--POstage Free.
Single copies, g per aDnum; four copies, siO
which is $50 copy: eight copies SO postage Irec
The party who sends go for club OF eight cop
frSs. P0stmasters and others who get up clubs IN
their respective towns, can afterwaFd add slngl-
copies at $50 No subscriptions taken for a lese
period than one year. When q draft or InOney-crs
der can conveniently be SENT It will be preferred
as IL VIII prevent the possibility Of the loss of mon
ey by mail. Remember that the postage on the
Ledger TO all parts Ofthe country will be paid by rs
Rs We employ no travelling agents. Address
all communications TO
ROBERT BONNER, Publisher.
Corner OF William and Spruce SITS, New York
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

q A. OSBORN,
Ne ATTORNEY LAW.
once, No 81 Main street, Brownvile, Neb
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

FTf l.. SCHTCK.
L. ATTORNEY ATLANY.
ONCE over J. L. McGee & Bros store Broynvif;e
Nebraska. nv
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

Field Crops, Small Fruits. Grapes Apples Pears,
Stock and Poultry. Bees, Dairy, The household
The Best Methods, Literature, News, Markets.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

T H. broadly,
Us Attorney and Counselor at Law,
Office everStsts Bank. BrOwnvilIe ,Neb
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
WHAT OTHERS SAY.

Send for It; compare it with others of its class.
then Judge for yourself
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
Red Ribbon Club
z, o. 3O. Z.

Meets the first Tuesday of each month. r NJ p,
icy, Pres; A. H. Gilmore Sec. -
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

To HOOsierS in Nebraska.

Former residents of Indiana now living in
the West, desiri ng to obtain the news from
their old HOOsier Home should at once sub
scribe for that best OF all the wee ky papers,
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

CTULL & THOMAS,
" ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
once, over Theodore Hill & Co.'s store Brown
Vile, Neb. -
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
IEH[ RICH RLlllI

Parsons Purgative Pills mag new rich blOed
ano VIII completely change the boOd in the entire
system in three monthsAny pers,n who will take
PHI each night from to - week. may be restored
10 sound health, ifsuch thing bepossibIe Sent by
Bangor, Me. t2vSs
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
PROF. HARRIS RADICAL CURE
FOR SPERMATORRHGA.
SEMINAL PASTILLE'

A Valuable Discovery
As&SS%MN%MN and New Departure in Med
t5FlfA%SNNNMNW%%A ic1i Science, an entirely
k<7SfSA s~>";ssNNssA New and positively elect
.sta.ysA - i've Remedy for the speedy
Es4 ituoe VAIN ~ and permanent Cure of
| ES3 Seminal Emissions s.
| Impoteney BY the only
srapE cS ssNISAL pssrtCE true way viz: Direct
Application 10 the pFin-
eipa Disease acting BY Absorption exert
ing specific influence the Seminal Vesicles Eiac-
ulatory Ducts Prostate Gland. and Urethra- The
Remedy attended pain
with ordinary pursuits of lie:
quickly dissolved and absorbed producing imms
soothing and restorative eject the SSazl snf
organizations wrecked from seahuse and
stopping from the system. restoring the mind
health and sound memory. removing the Dtmness OF
Sight, Nervous Debility, Confusion Of Ideas, Aver
sion to Society etc. etc. and the appearance Of
old age Usually accompanying this trouble, and
perfect Sexual Vigor where has been dormant Tor
This mode Of treatment has stOCd the test
cases and a pronounced Drugs
much prescribed in these troubles and
witness with but LITTLE il any peru7nent good. There
positively guarantee that il will give satisfaction
During the eight that has been
Of value.
BY the Medical Profession % be the most rational
discovered Of reaching and cursg this oubc
well be the Of untold misery many
and whom quacks prey With their useless nosrum and
big The Remedy boxes, % three
No. 1, (enough to last mouth IS; No. 2, lsueent 70
effect permanent unless cases) So: No 3
Qastng three months, will stop emissions and
vigor 81. by mail sealed plaf
wrappers. Full OBJECTIONS for using win accom-
pany EACH BOX.
<Send for a Descriptive Pamphlet giving AnatomieafN
81 Illustrations, which will the skcBtcaI
4 that they be restored perfect manhood. and q
fitted for the duties Of life, affected.
NSent Sealed for stamp any Sold ONLY By the
HARRIS REMEDY CO. MFG. CHEMISTS.
Market and 9th SITS. ST. LOUIS, MO-
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
w T. ROGERS,

w Attorney and Counselor or q Inv.
Will give diIigent attention to any egal business
entrusted 70 biEcare. ONCE in. the Roy building
B,o-nville, Neb.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

I L. HULBURD,
-. ATTORNEY AT Lazy
And Justice OF the Peace Onice in Court House
Bull ding. BrownviIle, Neb.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
The HEAD OF THE RURAL PRESS.
So admitted by our highest authorities.
The subscription Price Reduced from
S2.5O to Sc per Year.
ONE PRICE TO ALL.
Honestly Devoted to the Welfare of
its Readers.
Elegant Original Illustrations From Life.
FEATURES.

FEATURES.
Our Free Seed Distributions: our enlarged paper
its clear, sharp type; the reputation of its writer's
the liberality OfiJs management and the reduction
of It's prico are downright evidences of the truth
what we assert.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

ER can make money faster at work for US tina q
4 at anything else. Capital aot required; VI
will start you S12 per day at home made by
~ the industrious. Men, women, boys and girls
wanted everywhere to work for Now is the
time. Costly outfit and terms free. Address True
& Co., Augusta, Maine. 5lyl
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
/. o. of G.. z.

ThAND LUDUE UFFICERS.
Mas. ADA VAN PELT, w. G. C. 2 Lincoln
E w. METf'A LF. W. G. Tecuraseh
N RS. l. I. Markell. w g. V Riverton
T. G. K EENS, w. G. Sec carney
MISS EVA RANSOM. w. G. Treas ...... Falls Citv
A J. SKEEN. w. G. M-.--...-....... Brownvlle
We. WARREN, w. G. Chap Nebraska City
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
BUSINESS CARDS.
A S. HOLLADAY.

IL Physician, Surgeon. Obstefrtcian.
Graduated in 1851. Located in Brownyiile 1855.
Office, fl Main street, Brownville Neb.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

ROXIE,
A Tale OF the Harrison Campaign.
By the Rev. Edward Eggleston, author of
Ine Hoosfer Sch9OlmaSter. "The Circuit
Rider" ETC., the plot of which is laid in In
diana, and which Will far surpass any tale
ever published In western journal.
At the beginning of the new year The In
dianlan will print Mammoth Double Sheet
Holiday Number, which will be the
Largest Paper Ever Printed IN America.
This double number will be sent to regular
subscribers the same as It's usual issues, but
single copies of this special issue will be sent
on receipt Of ten cents.
THE TERMS ARE:
Three Month ION trial) )....................-S so
Six 90
Address Gen. Reub. Williams.
Indianfan Building, Warsaw, Ind,
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24
OFFICIAL DIRECTORY.

District ORcers.
Nebraska advertiser., 1879-04-24

Gen. Reub. Williams.
Building. Warsaw, Ind.
Brenham weekly banner. [volume] (Brenham, Tex.) 1877-1907, 1879-04-11

Bracelets from re. upward; also Breast Pins
and Hair Pins to match, showing the latest ttyle
the Sword aad Dagger Hair Pin. 81: al j /.
Flowers, :, Flowers,,is,-, ~ Flowers
I5c. Spray. zoe. Spray. o5c. Spray.
white shirts, none better made, for So, which
we recommend for wear to our best trade.
Gents furnishing good; we Offer. new styes in
white shirts and fancy percals; also large assor
irhent in Gents Ties and collars. s'''il1 -
grIn clothing we have the latest style in scassi-
mere, melton and navy blue flannel suits also a
tull line in diagonal and drap d'ete coats and
vests, which We guarantee to ft and please every
~ sss- We,iwilH offer 'hext week TO- cases of
Nobby1Stylesi in Bombay Bombazine and Meci1-I
ln,ventilated hats; hat altogether new and on
ly weighing ounce each.
Brenham weekly banner. [volume] (Brenham, Tex.) 1877-1907, 1879-04-11
The Japanese Pezzisamon.,,
--.EGalrestonN sxsa.

Ceiyeston NSEsl5 - = -
This frait whose technical
namegs diosPyres Kaki fruit Of
the gods)gis now being import
ed into this, COUNTRY On an ex-
tensive snzle, and is said to sur
pass the peach lnectarine, april
cot or niqr a. :. '. Tie tree is well
ndaptesfto Texas; and is cult,
waited extensively in California,
Missouri and Kentucky. A few
specimcnA4ees acknowledgement
tHrai' department in w ashing-
ton ate now GROWING. iii tfiis
city, .he tee srrso ron 10 an av..
erage height Of about thirty feet
is very beaptifpl IN appearance,
and bears when grated at 8.
or 4.years of age AiYe year old
tree prodHeing from 200, to $50,
Persimmons in a season. The
fruit is, in color, offs beautiful
orange red, and in taste very
delicious. Its average size is.
about three inches in diameter
It IS sufficiently solid for trans
portation, and is in season from
October TO March when other
fresh fruits are scarce. As the
fruit is ofsidelicious favor. well
adapted to the climate, and suit
able for eating, preserving or
driving, il VIII no doubtsoon.be-
come an addition to an already
large list Of ffdits growing IN
this ssetlo4sisX-iz3I a7l
Brenham weekly banner. [volume] (Brenham, Tex.) 1877-1907, 1879-04-11
A Remedy for Dying Cotton,
rcm Er,miner anil P =. \ .Maeol

Acres of Cotton die in our
fields every year, and no rene
! DIV has heretofore been sugges-
1 ted. Numerous speculations
] have been advanced. butno sat-
iisfactory. theory. has been ,sus-.
ttained, and successful expert,
ments (if any have been made(
thave not ,been made public.
/ SThes loss TO the ,agriculturist in
l TeSas from this cause alone,
Lcouid Scarcely be computed,
land it IS S>subject which the in
dividuaI planter scarcely cont,
siders, although his interests
are materially involHsd. -.
For the. benefit of thoseinfer-
ested, /, wish to state that salt
lisa certain preventative of cot
ton dying. The statement is
based upon actual experiment
ands. personal -. observation
Throughout the season.
The test was made upon a
piece Of land. where cotton,
blghted every year,since having
beenbrought into a state of Gull
tiyation, and the application
was.a1made, at the rate. of two
bushels of salt TO the acre, APP
piled i'm the. open drill before
the seed was covered. wa = - !,
r The Cotton, plants growing
on land, so, treated was free
from all parasitic enemies, was
a better stands appeared more
vigorous and. ,adSanced, more
rapidly, during the, early stages
of its growth. The ground was
moist through the dry season
and the plants continued TO-,
grow and hold their forms when
5totton'on adjoining land she'd
half their crop and was. at a /,
stand still The plants too,
when fully grown were from a ]
foot to eighteen inches higher
than was the cotton which re-
ceiged no application. Of salt.
No proof was made Of the yield, 1
ibutthe crop SO treated was GER
tainly heavier than any other
part of the field. = ~, ~ -. 4
In support ofthe statement
advanced, the following synop-
sis,of the utility of salt as a ler-
tilizer are offered in, detail. !. n sT a
Il attracts the 'honeyeds va |
pors. and repels frost, and thus
assists in keeping the land moist
in dry weather. and warm i'm |
cold 1t keeps everything in I
the-asoil in a soft and soluble
stats, and assists to digest and |,
prepare the food for vegetable
nutrition. It destroys many
kinds ofvermin and weeds, andsI
usually increase the amount Of
crop from one fourth to one
third; strengthens the growth
of everything to which-it is APP
piled, and brings all crops ear
lier to harvest. It generally
adds from 5 to 2 bushels per
acre 10 the yield of wheat used
iii the most moderate quantity,
and in all kinds of grain makes
more ear and.l straw. 1t is
found equally beneficial to pas
tiIre as'well as root crops, sweet
ching allvegetation, and making
It more wholesome for man and
beast. 1t is a great safeguard
against blast, rust, mildew, and
indeed all the diseases of grain 7
and vegetables, .s.,s ~.
Brenham weekly banner. [volume] (Brenham, Tex.) 1877-1907, 1879-04-11

The Annual Volumes of Harper's Ba-
gar, in neat cloth binding, will be sent by
express, free of expense provided the
freight does not exceed one dollar per vol
umel, for 81 each. A complete Set, com
prising Eleven Volumes, sent on receipt of
cash at the rate of SIS IS per volume,
freight at expense Of purchaser bi,b
Cloth Gases for each volume, suitable for
bipd,,s will be sent by mad, postpaid, on
re- Def ST. each. -
Qlf -tances should be made By Post
Brenham weekly banner. [volume] (Brenham, Tex.) 1877-1907, 1879-04-11
Kramer AGENTS.
Dsnestio Recipes.

MoLAssEs PIE.-Take nine
tabfespponfulls of molasses, six
OF vinegar, one and une-half of
fious, = small piece OF butter,and
a Sewslices ofhmon,.. or grated
lemon peel. Mix and Bake be
tween1two rich ,crusts. {,
6opD FRUIT Casa cups
full each of hutter, brown sugar,
molasses and milk, three ofhour
and f6dl eggs, one and.ea, half
teaspeenfuls oRrrathtartar, one
ofsddS TIVE poa9 of s., Stoned
raisips, two. .tablesPoonfuls OF
bTanHy.and a little nutmeg.
,CHARLQTTSs. Russo, Have
one peundofiadyAssfnger one
quart of rich, sweet cream, three
quartefs' Of a edp OF powdered
;susar Split and trim the cakes,
and ,linethe ssidess an6obottom
.of4odrfi i6l6s Of dishes, Sweet
en- and, flavor the cream, whip
tosistiM froths afiil s1tRe flaolds,
lay cakes, over the top. and Set,
awaysin the cold or on the ice
until needed ''s' ''''- -
ONIONS, FOR CRouP.-A lady
whos speaks from experience
says pro bablys.nine, chill.
dren ontr0f ten who die.of Group
might saved by the timely
application szefH7Teast ,fpnions,I
mashed, laid dpca afoided nap
kin 5nd goose Oh, Sweet oil o.
ovens lard poured on and,apph-5
ed as warm as can be. borne
COMIC tAbi the. throat and
upper parr69 thc.inhestsand ito
the feet and, hands. -. -
3RANssow sSAUoEsA Boil
them, IN salt wafer put in a
saucepan a ,spooEqf butter add
-four Their water, gradually, I'M !
til of,tlie e6nsiste aey Of creanl
.str,into it the yelks eEtwoavell |
beaten eggs and remove from
the FIRE Immediately; a table
spoonful ofpinegarmay be add
cd or not, as the taste dictates.
Itsshould beasent to the table |
right of, as 1t IS apt to tliicken
if it stands any time. u
RlD Your HOUSE OF, RATS.
Cover the floor, near the, rat
hole with allayeroflmost CAUSE
tic POTASH henflies rats walk
onsHls il makes dheir feet sere,t
these ithryis lick with their
tongues which makes their4
mouths soHe.saad the result Isl
that they shun the< locality mott
alone, but appear to tell all the,
rats in the Reigh6exheod about
it, andz uventuallyzth'el isause is
entirely abandoned by them,
notwithstanding the houses
around are full of,rats. - e a