The Pacific commercial advertiser. [volume] (Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands) 1856-1888, 1879-04-05

mdlC1 III u AUEGlku 49,
better to seek that which lies adjacent to us. the
population of which could be as easily American
lied as the population of this country.
%. These Islands are 100 miles from any part
Of cur domain. Their government in time of pesce
would be extensive. They have q coast half as
great as that Of the United States and therefore, in
time Of war with o maritime nation, would be q
source Of national weakness to Us.
Sd. The Islands and climate are not eoDgenlal to
American labor.
4th. The United States is tie natural market OF
these Islands since our occupancy OF the Pacific
coast, and, whether owned by az or not, the great
bulk of their products will be exported TO the United
States, as they have always been, whether they are
admitted free or made to pay a reasonable duty.
9Th. The Hawaiian race IS rapidly decreasing and
their places are being filed by Chinese emigrants.
It would not be strange as matters now stand If in
twenty years the Chinese would be the predominant
nationality on the Islands. These Islands are q
paradise for Cinnamon, not only as laborers, but for
their capital.
One hundred years ago, when Captain Cook dis
covered these Islands, he estimated the native popu-
lstion at 400, 900. In 1928 the American mission
aries estimated the population at l42, O5O. The
census of 1866 showed the population. including
foreigners, to be GO, 959.
The census of 1872 showed the native population,
including halEcastes and children born OF foreign
parentage, to be 81. $50 foreign population, Ash.
OF the foreign population, $50 were Americans, GIG
British, 394 Portuguese, pa Germans, SO French,
1888 Chinese, and 364 Of other nationalities. While
the population Of other foreign natiopalities has not
uIACdGGA GAANG AOA-S hAN AbN RODAA@-
ton has run up to 5000 or 7,OOC, and still they
come. The Chinese of these Islands are not all
"hewerso Of wood and drawers of water" They are
acquiring property rapidly, and some of them are
among the wealthiest men on the Islands. They
control the rice culture of the Islands entirely and
part of the sugar plantations They have entered
into the mercantile and all branches of mechanical
and other industrial pursuits of the Islands, on their
own account, with energy and success. Notwith-
standing all these laudable qualities, L don't believe,
with their peculiar religion and notions of govern
ment, they would be desirable citizens in q repub-
lican government, especially if they should be
dominant in any isolated part. Better, in the event
they should supplant the present dominant race, to
leave them under their own control, and make them,
if possible, friendly neighbors. With their energy,
industry and frugalIty, 1t would not be necessary TO
admit their products free of duty to secure and per-
petunte their good neighborship. They would grow
rich in competing with any other sugar and rice
growing country in the world in our markets.
IMPORTATION OF SUGAR, ETC., TO THE HAWAIIAN
ISLANDS.
knowing the strong temptation there would be to
commit frauds on our revenue by importing to this
the product Of other countries for expectation to the
United States for free admission under the treaty,
l have been watchful in that direction. So far, l
have been unable to detect anything to lead me to
believe that sugar or any other article named in the
schedule of Article ii of the treat, the products of
other countries. has been imported to the Hawaiian
Islands and subsequently, shipped to the United
States for free entry, under the provisions of the
treaty. Permit me to say, in this connection, that.
soon after the ratification of the treaty, there were
imported from the United States at this port, in
bond, 1854, 445 pounds of sugar and 376 .993 pounds
of rice, claimed to be of Hawaiian production, in
several lots, and r~eshipped for the United States for
free entry under the treaty. The importers and
shippers of these sugars and rice claimed they had q
right to do this by the laws of the United States but
before certifying TO the landing of the sugar and rice
l required the shippers to make out invoice certif-
Gates for each lot in the usual form and append
thereto their oaths, giving the history of The sugars
and rice named therein. 1 enclose herewith a copy
of the oath appended to one set Of the invoice certif-
Gates, which is a sample of all, marked GO Enclosure
No. l."
ANOTHER RESULT OF THE TREATY.
Another peculiar result of the operation of the
treaty is that, while the Hawaians export their
sugar aud rice to the United States and dispose OF
them there under the provisions of the treaty, they
can buy in our market, duties rebated, Japanese
and East India rice and the higher grades of unre-
fined and lower grades of refined Manila, Mauritius,
Java, Central American and Peruvian sugars, and
import them here for home consumption at q good
profit.
The freight between San Francisco and these
Islands is from 50 to So per ton Hawaiian duty on
sugar and rice, 10 per cent. al Uaforem.
Since the treaty went into operation there has
been imported into this Kingdom about two million
pounds of rice, mostly British India and japanese,
and mostly through the port of San Francisco, in
bond.
A few days ago there was imported at this port a
small lot of sugar from San Francisco, in bond,
called on the manifest g Golden C" sugar, which
looks to me about the color of No. IS or 10 of the
Dutch standard. L am not well enough versed in
the distinctive qualities of the grades of sugar TO
say whether this might be successfully re-exported
to the United States, either mixed or unmixed, and
in Hawaiian packages. 1t is said, here, to be a low
grade of refined sugar. l forward you q sample by
express for your inspection. l understand large
quantities of this, and one or two lower grades of
sugar, are to be imported ostensibly for the purpose
OF competing in this market with the higher grades
produced here.
REFINED SUGARS.
Most of the refined sugar used here is imported
from San Francisco, in bond.
REFRIGERATION OF SUGAR AND RICE.
From my observation and investigations 1 have no
reason to doubt that the rice so far imported has and
is being consumed by the Chinese on the plantations,
and otherwise, on these Islands, nor have I any
reason to say now that the lower grades of sugar
being imported will be used otherwise than for con-
sumption here but their importation certainly
creates great facilities for fraud on our revenue
under the treaty, if the fraud could not be detected at
our ports OF entry, as it would be impossible to
watch their movements In every part of these Islands.
The customs officers here have always assured me
that If any attempt to commit fraud on our revenue
under the treaty came to their notice I should be
informed at once. They understand that if fraud
should be connived at by them, it would be a good
reason on the part of the L tied States to declare the
treaty null and void, and this country has too good
a thing in the legitimate operations of the treaty to
run any risks. Still, this has not made me less
~vigilant.
respectfully refer you to a report 1 made to J. F..
Evans, Esq, special agent of the Treasury Depart
ment at San Francisco, September %, 1877, to be
used by a commission appointed by the President to
investigate the customs service Mt San Francisco, for
further information touching your inquiry.
ANOTHER STATEMENT.
l append hereto a statement of the relative benefits
of the treaty to the United States and this country in
the first year Of its operation, ending September 9.
1877, in q little different form from the one given
in the former part of this report for the year ending
December 81, 1877, marked I" Enclosure No. q"
1 think l can safely say, in closing this report,
that no unrefned sugar, the product Of other coun-
tries, has been imported into this Kingdom from
other foreign countries, or from the United States.
since the ratification of the treaty, unless the sugar
of which | send you a sample be unrefned.
The large expectation of sugar and rice the first
year after the taking effect of the treaty, L think,
can be explained by the importation and expectation
of the Hawaiian sugars and rice before named in
bond, and the holding back of these products in ex-
pectancy of the passage of the treaty, as well as
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