Clarksville weekly chronicle. (Clarksville, Tenn.) 1873-1890, 1879-11-29

! provided with a Fields flush tar
of sufficient capacity to secure Il
thorough daily cleaning of so mus
of the conduit as from its limitt
flow is liable to deposit solid matt
by the way. There should be suf
cient fnanholes, covered by ope
grating, 10 admit air for ventil
ton.
III the directions already give
are adhered to, manholes viii nj
be necessary for cleansing. TT
use of the flush tank will be safi
guard against deposit. With til
system of ventilation about to
described, it will suffice to place th
manholeS at intervals of not les
than one thousand feet. For tn
complete ventilation of the sewer
Il it should be made compulsory fc
! every householder to make his cor
nection without tap, and to cor
tinue his soil pipe to a point abov
the roof of his house. That is
every house connection shouI,
furnish an uninterrupted ventilatin,
channel, four inches in diameter
throughout its entire length. Thi
is directly the reverse of the system
OF connection that should be adopt
ed in the case of storm water ant
! street wash sewers. These are foul
and the volume Of their contained
air is too great to be thoroughly
ventilated by such appliances
Their atmosphere contains toC
much of the impure gases to make
it prudent to discharge it through
house drains and soil pipes. With
the system of small pipes now de
scribed, the flushing would be SC
constant and SO complete, and the
amount of ventilation furnished, as
compared with the volume of air to
be charged, would be so great that
what is popularity known as sewer
gas would never exist in any part
of the public drains. Even the
gases produced in the traps and
pipes of the house itself would be
amply rectified, diluted and re-
moved by the constant movement
of air through the latter.
All house connections with the
sewers should be through inlets
pointing in the direction of the flow,
and these inlets should be funnel
shaped so that their f1ow may be
delivered at the bottom of the
sewer, and so that they may with
draw the air from its crown; that
is, the vertical diameter of the inlet
at its point of junction should be
the same as the diameter of the
sewer. All changes of direction
should be on gradual curves, and,
as matter of course, the fall from
the head of each branch to the out
let should be continuous. Changes
of grade within this limit, if consid-
erable, should always, be gradual.
So far as circumstances will allow,
the drains should be brought to-
gether and they should finally dis
charge through one or two main
The outlet, if water-lOcked
should have ample means for the
admission of fresh air. If open, its
mouth should be protected against
the direct action of the wind.
1t will be seen that the system of
sewerage here described is radically
different from the usual practice. /
believe that it is, in all essential
much better adapted TO
the plan of sanitary drainage.
1t is cleaner, much more COM
pletely ventilated, and is exactly
adapted to the work to be per
1t obviates the filthy ac-
of street manure in
and sewers, and it dis
charges all that is delivered to it at
he point of-ultimate outlet outside
he town before decomposition can
even begin. If the discharge is of
domestic sewage only, its solid mat
er will be consumed by fishes if
delivered into a water-course, and |
is dissolved material will be taken
Up by aquatic vegetation. The
United quantity and the uniform
5Olume of the sewage, together with |
he absence of dilution by rainfall, |
will make its disposal by agricultu- |
al or chemical processes easy and |
eliable. The cost of construction, |
Is compared with that of the most |
estricted storm-water sewers, will |
,e SO small as to bring the improve
nent within the reach of the smaller
In other words,
while the system is, in my judg- |
nent, the best for large cities, it is
he only one that can be afforded i'm
he case of small towns. Circum-
tances are occasionally such, as in
It. Louis, as to require extensive
works for the removal
# storm water through very deep
hannels. Ordinarily, as l have
,nfnrn CoSh tho rn.s,nwvnI r,F Oh /
water is very simple matter, if we
will accept the fact that it is re-
moved, so far as possible. by sur
ace cutters, or, in certain cases, by
pecial conduits placed near the sur
ace. 1t is often necessary, in addi-
ion to the removal of hOusewaste,
D provide for the drainage of the
This should not be effected
Y open joints in the sewers, because
he same opening that admits soil
1ater may, in dry seasons. and in
orous soils, permit the escape of
aWerage matters into the ground,
5hich is always Objectionable. Soil
,ater drains may be laid in the
anne trench with the sewers, but
referably on a shelf at a higher
evel, and they should always de-
yer into the upper part OF the
ever or into main-hOle at a point
bove the flow line of the sewerage.
There is one point connected with
ne drainage of towns which is not
appreciated, especially
/ this country that is, that it is
lsy and cheap to secure a deep out
t in Iowland and to deliver sewer
ge at considerable elevation for I
treatment by artificial
The average cost for
JUMPING for water-wOrks is about |
inc cents per foot of elevation for
lch million gallons raised. On
lis basis the cost of raising the |
average of town of ten thousand |
supposing every three
ersons of the population TO contrib
te one hundred gallons per day to
le flow, would be about three
.nts per day for each foot of eleva- [
on. Even supposing that twenty [
lches or about one-half of the am {
ual rainfall finds its way to the I
lbsoil, the cost of lifting this ten {
et to a surface outlet would on the |
lme basis cost only about one hum [
red and sixty dollars per annum {
# each one hundred acres of the
,wn area,
Both the estimates are practically I
,meWhat low, because a small j
mount of water cannot be lifted {