New-York tribune., 1879-05-05

iron and steel industries of the entire world and an
intelligent discussion of the labor question. A
summary of 1t follows:
THE REPORT
Mr. Morrell speaks in the highest terms of the
display of iron and steel products WHOLE and OF
machinery applied to iron and steel manufacture He
found, however, little that new TO the practical
man engaged in the manufacture OF these products
There representations of progress In the dePho
phorization of iron, in the substitution of machine Tor
hand pudding. in the implifeation and perfection OF
the Opcnhearh process in the casting OF Steel IN the
manufacture Of wrought and steel directly from ID
ore and in the application Of both iron and steel 10 new
uses but absolutely process for the manufacture
OF iron or steel was exhibited described nor were It's
products represented. The metalurgical world, he
SAYS has apparently reached restngpace In the In
venon of processes for the manufactured iron and
steel and iron and steel makers everywhere appear to
reached the conclusion that in the Improvement OF
processes and in extension OF the use OF iron ard
they nd problems worthy Of their attention
in the future.
NEW PROCESSES AND MACHINERY IN GENERAL USE.
The Commissioner reports follows on the subject OF
modern processes:
The display of iron and steel products has been
edualled at worlds far while tine display OF machinery
oeuerallV has only been eaualled by that made at
Philadr,nbi0 The Pniladophia exhibit of machinery
was extensive more varied han That Of Parls,
aud il posessed an ADDITIONAL advantage in being more
generally In motion. But the Paris Exposition demon
strated more fully than the Philadelphia Exhibition, or
any previous international exhibition, the eff
ciency of machinery IN all industrial enterprises,
the efforts OF every progressive nation TO oD-
tam the BEST machinery for It's own service,
the imposed upon all, by their active com
petition with another. TO adopt every new device
and improvement which tends TO increase perfect and
cheaper products. Referring particularly 10 Tie IRON
ana steel exhibits, 1t clearly demonstrated that
modern processes and modern machinery lOr the manu-
facture 0f hese products now in general use in an
leading iron aud steel making countries, ana that The
sk necessary 10 apply them Is RAPIDLY being equauzed
No nation now has monopoly OF the manufacture OF
any kind Of iron or any KIND OF steel or OF ho Use of any
machinery necessary 10 their production.
Mr. MoreI was impressed by the fact that good ores
found in nearly all countries and that there is an
equally general distribution Of mineral fuel to sEelt
them. He says
Countries that once supposed TO contain but
little good iron found To possess large and
practically nexhaustbe deposits OF the best OF
posts OF anY magnitude OF good quaity are found to
possess almost boundiess carOOnlerOus resources.
Sweden ana Italy the only two OF the leading cOun-
o the world that at rich In iron ores and
poor IN mineral lue!. Russia. Austria and Germany
have and better coal than has been generally con
ceGcd TO them. II Spain Portugal Turkey India China,
Japan and Australia shall attempt the manufacture
IRON large quantities, their progress will not he
Impeded because OF a deficiency OF domestic coal Even
in countries where native coal is not OF tine best qualify
Tor smelling IRON ores or refining on the mehoGs now
generally IN for removing impurities or for making
and steel with gas Will be found to neutralze very
largely TINS inieriOTlty,
GREAT INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF BEsSE-
MFR STEEL.
significant fact illustrated Paris that owing
the marvellous increase in the production Of Besse-
mer steel the manGauferOus and nOnphO sphOrferOus
OF spain. Algeria, ana Italy have been largely
drawn upon for supplies Bessemer countries
rich in other varieties Of OF stIll greater signd
the large and varied collection Of Bessemer
products exhibited. The revolution which the Bessemer
process has wrought in the iron trade was made st
kingy manifest in survey of tho contributions of
European COMMITTEES, but 10 an American VINO feiDen-
bered the wonderful development Of the Bessemer in
Ngtfia sfvf up
mer products to Paris, these contributions We're
more Impressive and more suggestive than they
could re any European. The Paris Exposition showed
that the progress made during the past Two or three
steel so great that statistics fail 20 give any proper
conception OF It's magnitude. Ihe London Times re-
manufactured iron trade" Mr. biorren says "It has
,,a 1nrc tIsn that has distributed among many
countries the manufacture Of Bessemer steel, and thus
nrcicoi wants and lie mcallnrgicai wants Of other
countries, IN lieu OF their own previous partial de-
pendence upon Great Britain for bOth iron and steel
factured iron trade all countries, but to ruin that Of
Tnon the Bessener steel industry of Great Britain
itself Here is revolution new revelation. IN
connection with the worlds iron industry which
reserved for Paris 20 make clearly IN uest through the
abnndaat proofs there furnished OF the wide dstrfbu-
Of the Besse process ana the vide substitution
Of Bessemer products Tor those OF IRON and other steel
processes. And what has been said OF the Besscmer
process and OF the injury has inflicted upon the Brit
ish trade is applicable also In large degree 70 the
Siemens-Martin process and It's notifications
NEW USES FOR IRON.
The Comm ssioner found at the Exposition only one
valuable suggestion of uses for That the
introduction OF various systems OF iron permanent way
for railroads, in place OF the wooden cross-ties and
stringers which generally in One OF these
systems HiPs has been adopted on nearly thousand
miles OF railway in Germany, Austria, Belgium aud
other countries Both the strngers and the crOss-ties
are oil wrought iron. Other systems at least of
which substitutes steel for iron notifications OF the
Hill system. He thinks it not improbable that
two OF these systems will become popular and even
in countries which 40 not possess an aouud
OF timber 1ut finds objections 70 their adoption IN
the rgidy OF the iron and It's liability 10 cOrrOde, and
that II VIII be long time DerOre an iron perm annt
way VIII be likely find favor American roads
observed IN ur0pe Dut hte progress IN the suOstltu-
for wood In railway cars, but learned that
iron fast coming into general In the ructon
OF buildings and parts OF buildings ana bridges IN tee-
graph poles, IN mining operations aud in fencing.
CAUSES OF THE UNUSUAL BUSINESS DEPRESSION.
Mr. Morlel discusses with much Intelligence and force
the general business depression which his observations
in Europe convqce him to be there than In
the United States. The iron industry has everywhere
suffered severely. The annual production. which in
creased from 6Ss9 9OG English tons 10 1852 to 147OG
450 III s73 has declined 1873 TO 10 sO7 725 or
more than million tons Mr.. horrell attributes the
worldwide business depression 10 four leading causes
Destructive wars; tho general substitution during the
past twenty years Of la5Or-savng machinery and OF
more rapid processes Of manufacture; the elimination
OF the tor building railroads. aud, lastly tho
partial destruction Of the worlds iron industry by the
revolution created by the introduction OF the Bessener
ana Open-learth processes. He says: "lhese causes
OF preston have operated WITH almost equal force in
counl lres engaged and ia countries which hot
so engaged; n countries which had Inflated currency
ana ia countries ThiCh did not have IL; IN countries
largely engaged 10 manufactures and IN countries only
elightly engaged them. But, OF all the countries
ed by hard times OF the past few years those least
ujurOusy affected and possessing TO-DAY the brightest
prospects Tor industrial future, are the two which
have mos, protected thelG nome industries the Two
great Republics, France and the United States"
PRESENT ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL
The following table mped from the latest statistics
nrnlInhn nnrt,. nreseni annual nrndncLinn