, 1879-07-26
without an Instructor. Dy George l.. Raymond,
Chicago: 8. u. GrfgEs h Co. Sl.60.
SPARKS or SCIENCE.
"EIIr4-WlATEll AND TYPHOID
FEWER.


wELL-wATEls AND TYPHOID.
FEW Ell.
Fpuidr Ecftncs AnNfhfy.
In the simmer Of 1873 aone forty persons In
Rochesser, whose supply OF drink!hg-water was
derived from ccrtaiu we'll, Wcro taken sick
Win typhoid feVcr and other zyu,otic diseases.
lhe Health otllcer had the wo1l closed, 80 u,at
tae people had to get water from other sources.
Their recovery WAS rapid from that moment, A
request was then addres8ed to nit tho physicians
In the city to report the names and residences
OF all persons sick With typhoid fever, About
hftY cases having been reported, health inspect
ors were sent To the various localities. who In
qu!red into their sanitary conditions, tho dis
tance OF ecsspS Sols. sewers, and privy-yaut;s
from tho wells; also, whether the patients
drunk Well-watcr either at their homes
or At their places Of business. Sample. of
water were taken from the wolIs. and submitted
for Anays's to Or. baltimore, Professor OF
Chetn!stry in the University OF Rochester. The
result OF the inquiries was to show that. Of tho
whola number OF cases OF typhoid reported, oil
but two had followed from tho uso OF we'll
wnter; the exceptional cases arose from til-ven-
tilnted apartments In close proximity to foul
watcr+closcta. 1t was also ascertaincd that very
largo number OF the wells In tho city were stu
nted within an average distance Of less thun
thfrty feet from cesspools aud priyv.rautts,
wtiEo q great many were distant from them not
over ten feet! ln Prof. Lattlmoro's report oc-
tense, namely. tho one In which le remarks on
tho Significance Of tho presence Of common salt
10 well-water: "f would direct your speca! at
teniun to the sccoud columnh fof his table stuw-
Ink tho amount OF solid matters In tho watcr1,
"which shows the number Of grains Of common
salt per gallon OF water. No single Indication Is
of 60 great sanitary importance in judging Of the
purity Or i'npurityl aud consequent'J Of the
ssase is n II .ef 40. n5 oey haPmess Gm su eut
By most persona considered Indispensable az au
article Of diet, becomes To the sarltnrian signal
Of danger in ncl'-watcr, will be easily rendered
universally aiftused as common salt. It exists
In the air, hcnca iu all rain-water; in oil soils,
hcnce Ia a3l we'll or apring winter, though often
ia quantities too minute to be Weighed upon
Hcmlock Lake water Of this city. Salt being
remarkably sulublc, 1t 10 constantly being washed
out u the sol Into the strcnuss. and ultimately
carried down TO It's great reservoir, the ocran.
ia ali ordinary well-water. What might fairly
DO considered as the average proportion for un-
contaminated well.watcr in Rochester can bo
only estimated. but # certainly cannot be large.
the dta!usgo Of manufacturing establishments
uoon their banks, but wclls arc not usually thus
Affected. Therefore, whenever. In Well-watcr,
Il rises above very few eratns per rallon. tt
source than the soil What Is that soutce1 A
moments reflection will convince any one TINT
ncnr1y all the salt used for domestic purposca
escapes by TIC nnT Of two chanpels,-the water.
closet and tic houae-t1raln. Therefore. wa
should expect, what is always found On cxani-
nation to Do true, that whatever sewage may or
may not contain, tt always contains SALT"
AN INTERESTING AUTOPSY,
In The bulletin Of the socicte d'Anthropoloe,e
do Paris for 1878, DR.. Thulio gives ri account Of
The autopsy Of Louis Asscltnc. member Of tic
Socicte d'Anthropologfe md Of the socicte
d'Autopste Mutllclle. Aascllno WIS 40 years
old when he died. In politics, he was q Rcpub-
licau: In philosophy, o nateriallst. After his
education was nnislleti. he came to Paris, wlero
be contributed moro than all others towards
propagnting these ideas which resulted In the
ovrsturu!ng Of tho Empire. Lie was tlle founder
and patron Of several radical Journals, and WAS
frequently imprisoned for h!a writings, lfc was
also In political lifo several times.
AsEeltnn was mcmbcr Vi tho Societc d 'Au-
topsic, composed OF 3nliyiduais who believe that
the study Of the brnn VI d nun whom we llayo
known. not only through bis works, but In his
charactor and facull'es, would contribute to tho
advancement Of scienCe. The first subject OF
mutual autopsy was Jules Assem-, who, by the
why, did not derive 1nuc1, beuelit from tlu
mutual CLAUSE In the soclcty's constitution.
Tho second was n. Asselno, whose autopsy oc-
| Cured thlrty-nlne hollra Ritter his uccsasc. The
brain weighed LAOS 2rnmnes, wbich may bo
compared With Broca's ta0Io OF incuus:
,.>,,,, =, - An xo.., ora|mz;;; e;
From II to 80 Jcnra.. ....r.....1 40:I
Since Asse!ine IVES 40 years old, his hra[n-
weight was considerably nbore the mean. The
eonvolutlons arc large and thick. n. Broca on
examining the brain, said "Co NEST pas u,l
cerrcau TN, les clrconvonttuns eopt c1aIsses,
p7esquo Erossteres." remarkable fact, stnco
that which characterized the Intelligence OF N.
Asscllne was 40 exquisite iIncsso pushed even
to subtlcty. Thern occurs upou this brain the
urat!olet' Among the apes, indeed, tho nartctu.
occlptal assure Is profound: on tho gorilla onlY
M. Drocn has observed this 0ssuro to be deep
on one side And superficial upon tho other. This
tlssuro Is frequently dcep In woman. as well rs
IN eume men Of known intellectual mcd!ocrtty.
In fhc brain Of AsseIinc the plts dc passage are
profound, especially upon tile left. this sigu
OF fnfcHortty should bo studied; and we have a
right to dotnAnd IN tile presence OF this brain,
whose anterior parts arc so decelopcd, u.d
which correspond to eminent intellectual facul-
ties, II the DEVELOPMENT OF the pills do uassagc
docs not correspond With secondary faculties.