Wheeling register. [volume] (Wheeling, W. Va.) 1878-1935, 1879-03-03

/ llOD Ol I0elF ClllLcllS dllu SuolStNo AN
spectively from one country 10 another,
for the purposes of curiosity, trade or as
permanent residents. The high con-
tracing parties therefore join in repro
batting any other than entirely voluntary
emigration. For these purposes they
consequently agree to pass laws making
it a penal ohense for citizen OF the
United States or Chinese subjects TO
take Chinese subjects either 10 the
! United States or any other foreign
/ country, or for Chinese subjects or citi-
zen of the United States to take citizens
! of the United States to China or any
/ other foreign country, without their free
and voluntary consent respectively.
ART. 6. The citizens OF the United
States visiting or residing in China shall
enjoy the privileges, immunities or ex-
! elnptions i'm travel or residence as may
there be enjoyed by the citizens or sub
! iects of the most favored nation, and re %
| ciprocallv the Chinese subjects visiting
I or residing in the United States shall
! enjoy the same privileges, immunities
and exemptions in regard to travel
| or residence rs may there be en-
| loved by the citizens or sub
| ieCts OF the most favored nation,
| but nothing herein contained shall be
| held To confer naturalization upon Clti-
zens of the United States in China, nor
upon subjects OF China in the United
| States.
An examination of these two articles
in the light of experience, then intiuen-
tial in suggesting their necessity, will
show that the fifth article was
framed in hostility TO what
seemed the principal mischief TO
be guarded against, to-wit: the introduc-
ton Of Chinese laborers by methods
which should have the character OF
forced and servile importation, and not
of the voluntary emigration of freemen
seeking our shores on motives and IN
manner consonant with the system of
our institutions and approved by the
experience OF the nation. UnquestiOn-
ably, the adhesion of the principles of
ireemen in immigration, with which We
were so familiar and with which we were
SO well satisfied, was great advance to-
ward opening that empire Ia our Clvlll-
zatiOu and religion, and gave promise in
the future OF greater practical results
in the diffusion throughout that great
population Of our arts and industries,
our manufactures, our material improve
mcnts and sentiments OF government
and religion, which seem t0 Us Oi So
much Importance to the welfare Of
mankind.
The first clause oi this article secures
this acceptance, by China, oi American
doctrines oi free migration tO AMI fro
among the people and races OF the
earth. The second clause, however, in
lis rcprOhation OF 'any other than an
entirely voluntary emigration bv both
Of the high contracting parties, and in
reciprocal Obligations whereby We Sc
cured solemn and unqualified
engagement on the part of
the government Oi China, t.
pass laws making il penal otlcnSc for
4 citizen OF the United States or Chinese
subjects to take Chinese subjects, either
to the United States or to any other
foreign county, without their free and
voluntary consent, constitutes the
great lurrv ami value ui this article.
Its Importance, both in principle and IN
it, practical service, toward our prcCau-
tiOn against seryllc importation an
the guiSc Of immigration cannot be over
estimated. IL commits the Chinese gov
crnmcnt Ia active and efficient measures
to suppress this iniquitouS system where
those measures are most necessary ami
can be most ciicCtuAl IL gives 10 the
government the footing OF the treaty
right 10 such measures and means, and
the opportunity oi insisting on their
adoption, and ot complaint
and resentment at their neglect.
The fifth article, therefore, If il falls short
Of what the pressure of the later expert
encr oi our Pacific States may urge upon
the attention OF this Government aS cs-
scntial to public welfare, seems To- be- in
the right direction and TO contain im-
pOrtant advantages, which once relln-
uuished cannot be easily recovered.
The second topic which interested the
two governments under the actual con-
dition OF things which prompted the
Burlingamc Treaty, was adequate pro-
lection under the solemn and defined
guarantees If the treaty OF Chinese al
ready In this country and those who
should seek our shores. This was the
sixth article. 10y whose reciprocal
engagement the citizens and subjects
Of the two governments respectively
visiting or residing in the country ofthe
other are secured the same privileges
AMI immuniticS, or exemptions, OF those
eujuyCi by the citizens or subjects ofthc
most favored nations The treaty ut
1855. 20 which these articles are made
supplemental. provides for great
amount ot privilege and protection, both
of person and property, to American
citizens i'm China, but it's upon this sixth
article that the main body of the trcaty'S
rights anl securities Of the Chinese al
ready in this country depends. l,s
ahrogation, were the rest Oi the treaty
left IN force. would leave them io such
treatment rs We should voluntarily &c
cord them hv our laws and customs,
and any treaty obligation would be-
wanting to restrain our liberty ~ action
toward them, or 20 measure or sustain
the richt oi the Chinese Government 20
,.mg..u. or redress in their behalf.
The lapse oi ten years since
the negotiation Of the Burlingamc
treaty has exhibited 20 tn notice
90 the Chinese government a. well a. o.
our own people that the working Of this
EXPERIMENT oi immigration. IN great
numbers, ut Chinese laior,rs o. this
country and their maintenance here OF
all traits II race, religion. manner and
customs. habitation, mode Of lie here
ant keeping up the tics ot their
original home, which stamp them a,
strangers and SplouruerS and NO; a. in
cyrpuraiej elements Oi our national life
Srd growth This experience NAV
naturally suggest reconsideration ui
the subject a. dealt with Icy Oh" Bur
ii0came treaty AMI Wgy properly hc-
Come the occasion ot 4 more dlrcrt AMI
CircUmspeCt recognition. Ia the rgrcua!
OF the necOtiaiions OF the diih,u,ti.s sur-
rounding this political and ~0>ial
problem. Il may be that 70 the
apprrhrusions of the Chinese govern
meEt ~ lcsS than our own, the simple
provisions % tLe Puriin-ame treaty
may need more careful methods IN
securing tue Chinese and ourselves