davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21

STELLAR MOTIONS.

STELLAR MOTIONS.
1t represents the of the constellation Gemini
To each star little Is attached indicating the
rate and direction of the stars motion. and the small
amount of displacement Will DO inferred from this
that in 600 years each sar will be shifted from its
present position to the end OF the little arrow at
tached to it. But though these motions appear SO
SLOW yet they really correspond to enormously rapid
motions in space. each star moving. probably at the
rate OF many hundreds of millions of miles i'll every
year.
This, which may be inferred from the known vast
ness OF stellar darkness shown also by that most
ingenious method of spectroscopic research which
enables astronomers to measure the rates at which
the stars are approaching receding. This method,
depending on tie displacement of known lines on q
star spectrum, was then explained by the lecturer
1t is illustrated in the accompanying picture:-
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21
A PASTOR ON TRIAL.
SERIOUS CHARGES AGAINST REV. n. 8. FOSTER
AT NORTH ADAMS, MAss.-HIs ENTIRE INNo-
cENCR CLAIMED.
BIZ TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD



NonTH ADAMS. Nov. 20, 1879.
The trial OF Rev. K 3. Foster. formerly pastor of
the UnIvcrsalist Church in this village and now OF
Utica ~ Y, began this morning at the Wilson House.
The charges against Mr. Foster made to tho Com
mittce OF Fellowship. Ordination and Discipline of
tho Massachusetts Convention of Universalists.
Tho testimony is taken for that committee by A. f
Donison, an attorney from Boston. Tho charges
are:-First. gross immoral and hcentious conduct;
second, falschood. misrepresentation and deceit;
third, conduct unworthy o Christian minister The
prosecution is conducted by \. p. Brown and A. q.
Potter tho defence by A. W. Preston and Henry Beer.
The trial conducted in private against the wishes of
MIR. Foster and his counsel. and the latter conduct
tho examination under protest. This point will be
argued when the is brought before the full
committee, which meet at Boston for that purpose
on the conclusion of the trial. Only witness IL
allowed in the room at a time. and all outsiders are
excluded The whole day has been consumed with
the direct and oftwo witnesses
from Springfield. Mass, the other of North Adams.
Mr.. Foster has the sympathy of the better portion
of the community, and is confident, as are all his
friends. that he will be able to prove himself limo.
cent Of all charges made against him.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21

THE CRATER PLATO.
When 1t is morning on this part OF the moon the
surface forming the floor looks light; as day ad-
vances the hoor seems 10 get dark, and toward
evening here the floor appears to become light again.
These changes have been supposed by some astron-
omers to result from process of vegetation having
for its period the lunar day that is to
say, what we call lunar MONTH
But the lecturer said thatIfrom observations Of
own he felt assured that these changes merely
an effect of contrast. In the morning and evening
the black shadows on the mountains surrounding
the crater thrown upon the floor OF the crater,
which. by contrast. appears light, but when
the is shining full this region
the floor is surrounded by the luminous crater ring
and by contrast appears dark. When the telescope
field is reduced that only small part of the floor
is visible and the effect of contrast thus removed
such changes can thus be seen. On the contrary,
the floor grows gradually brighter toward the mid
day and then gradually dtrkens toward evening.
The lecturer next considered certain lunar mark
ings called "Rlles." which have the appearance of
being roads passing from crater to crater and in
some cases very well marked inside craters as in
the accompanying picture representing the lunar
crater Merseuius--
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21
AN ENGLISH SOLDIERS PROTEST.

MoSIoohkkf COUNTY, Ia, NOV. ~, 1917.
To THE EDIron HERALp:-
lam old British soldier. As boy bugler had
my share In the Crimean campaign, in General Sir
George Brownies division. and was one amid tho
ruck in the wild rush upon the Redan battery while
Pelissier and his voltigeurs took tho MalakoG. In
attempting. with the foremost crowd to scramble
over the rampant, got a clip under the jaw from
Russian that sent mo whiring heels over
head to tho foot of the glacis. He struck
me with the butt OF his piece. disdaning.
1 suppose, to shoot or bayonet mere
slip OF a boy. He spoiled my bugling, however. for
a month"; after which I returned 10 duty to the end
OF the campaign and made my regular term OF SER
vice. tell you this to you that Iknow some
thing of British soldiers. aud enter my protest
against the fool who stated that he could PICK 100
common soldiers of the English army who would
whip the entire Seventh regiment Inc follow IL an
ass, aud were lie propose any such thing to an
English soldier, in barracks or elsewhere. lie
wouId be tossed in q blanket The Anglo-Saxun.
English speaking is essentially nghtng race,
nor can hairs breadth of difference be found be-
tween the IRISH English. scotch American or Welsh
I'm their arhtIng qualities of courage aud endurance.
select two bodies at will from any OF these nation
alities make all circumstances OF arms, position and
leadership equal and they are perfectly ball
anced. 1t is only the veteran. seasoned
disconcerts him. The rush of charging cavalry,
the thunder of heavy guns the rattle OF the fusil-
ladc, the groans of the wounded and dying which
disconcert and demoralize the young soldier and
render him inefficient take no effect whatever upon
the veteran. lie takes notice of anything but
coolly as IL standing dress parade. Sir. the fell
low who offered that insult to the seventh regiment
Is soldier and knows not what soldier is. Re-
psctfully, JOHN KELLAR.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21

ers made the driver leave his box aud the
dismount. They first took the horses from the coach
and set them free, and then deliberately robbed
each passenger systematically, taking money. jew
eiry and valuable papers from travellers. The
mail pouches were carried Of bodily to be rifled ut
leisure 1t is surmised that the highwaymen
members OF the gang who robbed the Chicago and
Alton train Glendale three weeks ago. They
have been hunted from that neighborhood. and arc
pursued by several detectives and armed posse
of deputy marshals.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21
THREATENED COAL MINERS STRIKE.
[py TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD,

WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. W. Va. Nov. 30. 1879.
Information received here states that extensive
strike of tho miners engaged in the coal mines in
the Kanawha Valley is contemplated. to take place
on Tuesday noxt. tho gath inst. The strike will az.
feet territory of twelve miles along the line of the
Chesapeake and ohio Railroad, embracing twenty
mines which are worked by force of l5OO OF 1000
men. The price paid these miners is fty-six to
SIXTY cents per ton and the strike is for an increase
of five cents per ton. The of the mines will
not accede to these demands but II the strike Is
red out they will be unable TO I'LL their contracts
which arc made to the first day of January next.
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21

PASSENGERS AND NAIL ROBBED.
[py TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD. !

INK TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD
KANSAS CITY. Mo. Nov. ~. 1879.
At an early hour this morning three highwaymen
stopped the United States mail coach running be-
tween Lacygne Kan. and Butler, No. and robbed
both passengers and mail. The robbers stopped tho
stage on dark road. and with pointed sharp shoot
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21
-~C IiljfIIlMIIIIAl III / T


spFCTRA OF DOUBLE sTARs
It shows the spectra OF the two components Of the
double star Aibireo, the larger a brilliant orange
aud the smaller blue. We from the spectra that
the colors are duo TO Absorption, tho orange star
The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, 1879-11-21

h1sIEM.
Tho lecturer then proceeded 60 consider some
lunar details which, for want OF timc he had been
obliged TO leave untouched In the preceding lecture
In the first place. no examined aone evidence which
has been regarded ss sh owing that changes still
taking place in the moon. He exhibited pic
turc OF the lunar crater Aristarchus, "a
particularly bright part OF the moons surface,
which can often be distinguished when not under
direct solar illuminatirr Sir William Hcrschell,
who first noticed ~ ic are, led TO infer that
this lunar crater ma ally in eruption and that
tho light was duo TO ing lava pouring down its
slopes. II has now been lipwn that the light seen
In this neighborhood IL simply reflected earth light,
and Professor Schaler, Of Harvard, has shown that
The New Bloomfield, Pa. times. (New Bloomfield, Pa.) 1877-188?, 1879-05-13
Select Poetry.
Sweet 10 Have.


When fair fortune smiles kindly upon us,
And hope sheds her bright rays around,
When prosperity crowns each endeavor,
And riches and honor abound,
When life's pathway is strewn with rich gar
lands,
And cloudless the bright skies above,
1t is sweet to have some one to love us,
And sweet to have some one to love.
When adversely throws its dark mantle
Around our bright visions of joy,
When despair fills our bosoms with anguish,
And seeks our fond hopes to destroy,
When the friends that we cherished so fondy,
Prove false, and turn coldly away,
1t is sweet to have some one to love us,
Who will not our friendship betray.
When the days of our youth have all vanished,
And time leaves its impress behind,
When the burrows of age are upon us,
And silver and gold is entwined;
When the lamp of our life dimly fickers,
And death hovers dark o'er the way
1t is sweet to know some one will love us,
Throughout long eternity's day.
The New Bloomfield, Pa. times. (New Bloomfield, Pa.) 1877-188?, 1879-05-13
A POOR BOYS SUCCESS.

- TELL you won't stand it. I'll
i go for you, if you don't quit ? Do
you want me to lam you ?"
"Boo-hool You leave me be- Ma,
he's killing me ~ rang out shrill, boy
ish voice.
Ma came to the rescue from an inner
room, with face flushed from bending
over the wash-tub, and arms wet and
red with the suds. She jerked the angry
boys apart, and, rescuing the eldest took
him upon her lap, brushed the boyish
curls over her bony fingers, kissed the
low forehead, and wiped the pinched,
red nose from which the blood was ooz-
ing.
'' Is my darling hurt OH he is
bleeding to death !" turning with threat
ening air to her younger son, sturdy,
surly-looking boy of seven. "You
cruel, cruel boy is this the way you
treat your angel brother ? Do you not
remember how the Lord punished Cain
for murder and how dare you try to
take your own brothers. life ?''
John stood gazing at the pair with
curled lip, and vouchsafed no reply. The
angry scowl upon his forehead, and the
bitter expression of his mouth, made his
plain face almost ugly.
"Tell mamma all about it, Ike. Did
John hit my precious lamb first"
Boo-hoo ~ bawled the lamb, as the
blood streamed from his nose. " / am
going to die, know am! That cruel
bully has done for me this time"
Call me bully, do you ?" exclaimed
John, squaring about,and suddenly con-
fronting his late antagonist. "Me a
bully, as saved you from being licked by
Jim Sykes yesterday No, mother, if
you'll believe my word against that
sickly baby, L caught him a-copying my
sums that worked on all last evening,
and the he got mad, and rubbed 'em all
out. A saint won't stand that, and
neither will / I'll go for him again if
he dares hand 'em inl"
20 my sons, my sons" groaned the
poor, overworked mother. A hurried
rap interrupted the lecture upon morali-
ty she was about to deliver, and she
arose to open the door, admitted an ele-
gantly attired lady.
The lady (Y) was dressed in the richest
of lavender silks. Heavy chain brace
lets hung like shackles about her fat
wrists, and her chubby hands were con-
fined in the tightest and lightest of
kids.
''Am in the abode of my Iaundress ?"
came in an oily voice from the mass of
silk and lace.
Martha Fielding's face became, if pos
sible, more flushed : she drew down the
worn calico sleeves over her bare arms,
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1879-01-01
The Expenses Of q Great City.


One OF the most lively places in the
city last week was the tax Office, where
a i long procession wa awaiting each his
turn at the desk. On the first day of
the month the usual penalty Of one per
cent. was added. The tax levy this year
is $50, 079,077.l2, being a reduction of
81, 100000 since 1875, which was the
highest rate. Forty years ago (l83S) the
entire valuation was 1864, 152, 941. This
year it is 81 ,098, 1887, IT'S, being an in.
crease of more than 500, 900, 600. This
shows that every addition of 1000 to our
population also adds nearly 81 1000, 000to
the wealth Of the city. You can see this
ratio uniformly held during the last sc
years by reference to the published
records. The worst feature in our mu'
nicipal difficulties il the immense debt,
the interest on which is more than $25,
600 per day. Our asylums, reforma.
tories and charitable institutions cost
: 5000 per day, while the daily expense,
of the judiciary are nearly $4,000. Al
most the same sum il required fol
prisons and aims houses. Education
costs the city $4,000 per day. and the
imaginary cleaning Of u filthy street.
forms a daily item of $4,000. Even the
tax department costs nearly $3.50 pei
day. Rather a large sum one nigh,
think for this item, but it is not sur
prising here. The police department
costs $4,000 a day, in the way Of taxa
ton, while the amount of property
stolen is almost equal. but of this oul
model police seem to have no knowledge
Their $4,000 q day is paid to have then
"mind their own business" II you
want them them to mind yours they
must be paid at an extra rate.-N Y
Letter 1rOu Hnea.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1879-01-01
COLO MEDAL.
Jerome 1. Case 4 Co.'s Agricultural
Machinery..Gold Medal.

Racine, Wis, was founded in 1884, and
then consisted of one log cabin. 1t is to-da!
the second city of Wisconsin in populat on.
and the first in manufactures. Its trade
, covers two hemispheres and five continents,
and it bids fair to become the rival in in
dustry of the largest and greatest OF its
competitors. Among the most prominent
industries that have contributed so much to
max the city what it is, are the works OF
Messrs. j. l.. Case Il Co., constituting in
their entirety the largest Mreshiag maehine
tactory in the ro,id. lts cap acity is double
that Of any other in this country, and the
seventeen acres of ground it covers are full
OF life and scenes of enterprise. 1t was
founded in a small wav in 1872 by Mr.. Case,
and now turns out annually three hundred
and twenty. five threshing engines: twenty.
five hundred separators and horss.powers,
three hundred heading machines, ETC., BE-
sides doing repair work amounting to over
$3.50, 900. The capital employed is over
S., 900, 900; the pay.rolis foot up over $4,000
per month more than 800 men are constant.
~ employed. The yearly consumption of
iron is upwards OF 1909 tons: OF lumber, ..
600, 600 feet; OF betting, $4,000, etc. Messrs.
Case d Co. have over 500 agencies scattered
over North America and its active business
girdles the world. In no case was the
Gold Medal of the Paris commissioner bet
ter or more httlugly bestowed. ana IL snouid
have been u Grand Prize. Their Heading
Machine, to which was awarded a Gold
Medal in California, nlso received the same
award at Paris. The excellence of the ma.
chires manufactured by Messrs. Case 4 Co,
is attested by the thousands who have them
in constant use. They stand every test, and
n quality and quantity of work rank Al
Messrs. Case 4 Co. manufacture their cele
brated "Apron" and Eclipse separators
down and mouhted horse-powers, Portabl,
and Traction Farm Engines, all of the frs
order and constructed OF the best materials
and in the best manner by the best work
men. The firm was organized in 1868, an'
is composed of Jerome |. Case, Stephel
Bull, Massena 3. Erskine and Robert II
Baker.-Boston journal OF Commerce, De-
T., 1878.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1879-01-01
Llfc in Sing Sing.

In the keepers Office is a partly fin
ished pack of cards which oneof the con.
victs was caught making. If he had
succeeded he would have been able to
enjoy the exciting sport of a game of
solitaire. A few years ago he could
hardly become interested in a game
where blue chips predominatea; now he
was ready to become excited over a game
between his right hand and his left for
imaginary stakes. The cards were made
of shipping tags which he had smuggled
from the shoe shop, and the suits were
marked in blood. The face cards were
ingeniously figured. One bore the fig
ure of q police officer. OF course the
maker intended this for a knave. But
the pack was not completed, for it found
its way into the keepers desk before the
cards were more than half marked. a
chapter might be written on the expedi-
ents of the prisoners for killing time.
There is caste in Sing Sing prison.
At the head of the elite stand the bank
robbers. The man who enters as the
hero of a daring and successful bank
robbery, and was given away by some
faithless pal, finds his reputation already
established. The scums of prison society
are those who are under sentence for
rape. They are ~ostracized by the other
prisoners. No other prisoner will speak
to them; they are Stunned even by the
most hardened criminals. The manner
in which murderers are regarded is de-
pendent upon the circumstances of the
killing. The convict who has killed his
nan in cold blood does not enjoy the
esteem of his fellow convicts. If he shot
down a man in order to make his way out
of a trap into which he had fallen while
attempting a daring thing in the bur-
glary line, the affair is considered n at
tended by extenuating circumstances.
As a rule, murderers do not rank very
~high-using the expression in it's prison
sense-among those belonging to the
criminal classes. They are not often
professional criminals. Their Grim
inal history is frequently summed
up in the one act which was done in the
heat of passion, and which sent them u
prison. Thus it is that murderers arr
not regarded by the keeper a. a very dan
gerous class of prisoners.
Caste in prison is wholly dependent
upon the prisoner g past. A man once
in gentle society may be employed OF
the most distasteful of prison d~rudgery
and q social outcast may be in the enjoy
ment of a position that is almost com
manding; yet the status of a prisOne
among his fellows was fixed before he en-
tered there, and nothing a change it
unless it be a daring and mastery strik'
for liberty.-N. Y. Sun.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1879-01-01
Hew He Cured q Smoky Chimney.


Yesterday as a citizen of Woodward
venue was helping a tinsmith to elevate
a smoke-jack to the roof of IN addition
on the windy side of the house, prepare
tory to hoisting it atop of q smoking
chimney, an old man with a ragged bum
die under his arm came along, halted,
and soon became interested.
THAT chimbly smokes, don't it," he
finally inquired.
It's the worst n in town." replied
the citizen.
"And you want to stop the nuisance,
eh?"
eyes, | do"
"And you think the smoke-jack will
do it?"
81 hope So"
"Well, now, I kin stop that smoking
in ten minits, and / won't hurt the
chimbly n put up any smoke-jacks,"
continued the old man, as he laid down
his bundle.
"Ifyou'n do it I'll give you five dol
lars" rejoined the citizen, who disliked
the idea of disfguring his chimney with
the clumsy jack.
"Kin l have the kitchen for Eve min
utes?" asked the man.
The cook was instructed to vacate and
the old man took possession. Removing
the top Of the stove, he poured in
enough water to put out every spark Of
fire. Then going out, he called to the
citizen on the roof.
"Has she stopptd smoking!"
swell, / don't see any smoke at ALL
was the reply; "what have you donei'
While he was coming down the ladder
the old man made of, eating a pie b,
had taken from the oven. The last hall
of it he had to bolt down while on the
run, but at no time in the race did the
citizen, tinsmith or servant girl get with
in twenty rods of him.-Detroit Ere
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1879-01-01
=" Let Mother Co."

"Let mother 80, please" said a tiny
boy with a bright voice in a New York
police court.
" Your mother, child, is . common
~drnnkard," said the judge.
"Oh, no, sir, / can't believe it. She's
too good to me to be that. You will let
her 70 and she'll not drink any more"
"What does mother do for your"
ooh, cve x many kind things. She
sends me to school, always gives me
good clothes, and never say{e cross words
20 me-"
"Oh, we'll, If you think 70 highly Of
her she can %"
The boy was about to thank the Judge,
but waAp caught mp in his mother arms
and Nus&.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1879-01-01
s.,eth,nv FIR the New Year.

The world renowned successof Hostel
.er's Bitters, and their continued popularity
foY A Quarter OF q century ~ q stomachic, Is
.c.rceiy more wonderful than the welcome
that greets the annual appearance OF Hos,
t%et,er's Almanac. This valuable medical
treatise is published by Hostetter q Smith,
p;,tshurg. Pa under their own immediate
superyision, employing so hands in that
department. Ten cylinder printing ,... pre- . ",s
naming about eleven months in the year on
this work, aud the issue of same for 1879
will not be less than ten millions, printed
in the English, German, French. Weish,
Norwegian, Swedish, Holland, Bohemian
and spanish languages. Refer to a copy of
It for valuable and interesting reading con.
cerl ing health, and numerous Testimonial
amusement, varied information, a%stronomi'
cal calculations and chronological items,
etc, which can be depended on for correct,
ness. The Almanac for 1879 can be obtained
free of cost, from druggists and general
country dealers in all parts of the country.
Union County courier. [volume] (Elk Point, Union County, D.T. [S.D.]) 187?-1913, 1879-01-01

Among the quiet little manufactures
of the country is that of chewing gum.
Only one factory exists in this city, and
the few others are in New England, New
York state, Ohio, Illinois and Tennessee.
The gum is sold by druggists, grocers,
and confectioners in cities, and any
country grocery that hasn't it is consid-
cred incomplete. Gum from spruce
trees wa exclusively used until recently,
when it found a rival in gum mastic, a
white and attractive article made from
psyatine, which is sweeter. The con-
sumption of this chewing-gum in the
United Statesis about thirty tons yearly
that of spruce gum somewhat less, and
that of a gum made in Tennessee from
balsam tolu, and sold in the southern
states, about twenty tons. Lately a
material has been used styled "rubber
gum" 1t is from the nap of the sapot1
tree OF South and Central America. The
sap, like that of the India rubber tree,
has a milky look. The gum was first
imported into the United States with q
view of melting it with India rubber. in
order to produce a cheaper article than
the latter. 1t was found to be impliable,
and therefore useless for that purpose.
1t had long been chewed by South and
Central American Indians, and found
useful in sllayiDg thirst. Experiments
were therefore made here in purifying
it for chewing, and with final success,
1t is tasteless, and has the merit of last
ing longer than other gums, which more
quickly dissolve and crumble in the
mouth. So great is its ductility that .
piece half an inch wide, after being
heated in the mouth, can be stretched
into a thread q hundred feet long. Ita
consumption is about fifty tons . year
Chewing-gum does not, like tobacco, re
quire that the saliva shall be expectorat
ed; it does not, like smoking, excite tn
nerves, mol like q superabundance o.
food or drink, hurtfully overload thu
stomach.-Nesc York Sun.