, 1879-02-23
have no business In battle; and they have given
them the second and third places In accordance
vift Tim ntfrrattr af ttr ror7rr ~ =

have no business In battle; and they have given
them the second and third places IN accordance
l cannot ascertain preclscly when this change
took place. hut it was probably about the twelfth
in Dr.. yde's work, IN which tho old names Of the
piccrs are given, about that date. for the a11-
thor as born and died in that century, while in the
Latin poem already referred TO-, which Dr.. Forbes
thinks is OF the snmc century. the second piece Is
called '.rc1ina, y and tho third ''calyua. y =
in all tho wer . Of tst m tBd Bssdo nsee saa
retained the name ''alphiins' or .ta!phir6s,'
which became IN the vcroacalar o. mnH osopsan u m
and other similar names: and thence EnterMent
several variations o; sound and meaning, some ,1 o.
Tnfa t1s peee the Italians
other hand, tho Rnssians and the Swcdes have pre-
elephant. I confczs myself unable satisfactorily
to account for the GerElan name OF the P'ece'-
.aufer the hound Q; runner: bat the @ origin @ of !,
the foot or jester, is clearly traceabe. Here WIZ
let old Dr: lyde-cuaint and tnsa!nr as ne ms IS
Win % al hi his s,Ts in afaa shs place
t,ited something better known to them. FOL
which senes foo wh1 cannot aye =; e 3Iaee
he jester or milne Of the King 'sas to ne intro
duccd here. The Germans placed here re- 1927, 1927,
runner tpelisscquunl}, Or, worse yet. dog, which
shows how little they understood the game; :ine
ItaI1aus placed hero an alHcro, who is the al
fercz' of tho spaninrds, that Is inc sIAnoasa-
bearer, which Is more to be npproved.'
AS regards the name ''bishop' rs we call the
piece il English, In which the Danes ana Port!l-
guesc agree with us, 1t was doubtless given TO the
piece as consequence Of the change In the tneory
Of the game, which Dr. Hyde mentions. IN recog-'
milton OF the ecclesiastical element, which Is also
recognized BY the word <.'calvus," applied, ~
already statrJ, to the piece in the Latin poem
copied by DR.. Hyde. Gut I have very conclusive
evidence in my own possession that the piece
was thus named long before the modernfza-
ton Of the game in the sixteenth; century, anu
in tue country where 1t ia regarded Us symbol
izing standard-beuscr. In an illuminated manu-
scriEt of the thirteenth century, belonging to me.
which came from Italy. and which was exhibited
during the past year iu the Loan Department OF
the Metropolitan Museum OF Art: is L treatise in
Latin hcxanetcrs- upon the game Of chess, in
which, after lcscrinin. the pieces and the moves
{thc bishops beng designated as '1alphynns y,
the author states that the chess hoard represents
the sky; the squares the CONSULTATIONS; ami tine
pieces the plafcts, among which, Of colssc. the
sun and moon were then supposed to be included
'tRex cst sol; pcdes est satnrnus; Mars quoquc
miles; rcgia virgo Venus; A1phYnus Ep'scopu5
ipse est Iuppilcr; ct roccus discurrens lunl."
I translate thus, using the modern and English
names OF the other pieces: ~
.'The king Is the sun; the pawn Is Saturn; the
knight is Mars; the queen is Venus; Alphynus the
Bishop Is Jupiter; ana the castle trook) the
wanderin:, moon.