The new North-west. [volume] (Deer Lodge, Mont.) 1869-1897, 1879-02-21
Preserving Timber in Mines.

ID now far the method OF ID. krug in Ger
| many, has proved of particular value for
mine owners, but give it for what ii nav
be worth, as it has been highly spoken Of
IN various quarters. His method consists
| in a combination Of creosote aud soda, An
iron basin 3 millimeters thick q ineb@.
about 2 meters (6a feeD deep, and 1.sime-
ters "a feeD in diameter, is suak ia The
ground rather more than half its depth. By
the side, and with the rim below the bottom
of the first basin. is a second basin not quite
half its size
A third basin, about min way between the
other two in size, stands with its lower
| edge rather higher than the upper. rim of
the first basin, The first is provided with
a cover, half of which is sore wed on. while
the other half may be OPENED or shut close.
Above the bottom there is a sieve of wire
gauze. and at the bottom discharge cock.
In addition the pipe goes to the bottom,
through which steam can readily be con.
veyed. From beneath the upper edge a
pipe passes over the edge into the second
basin. In the second basin is hand force
pump for pumping the impregnated fluid
into the third basin, which is furnished
with discharging cock. The operation is
as follows: The pieces of wood to be im-
pregnated are Gu. 70 suitable lengths and
placed perpendcularlg, as closely together
as possible, in the first basin, the cover of
which is then closed. 1t is not necessary
that the cover should be alright.
Meanwhile the third basin has been filed
with creosote soda-lye, either direct, or out
of the second basin, Ly means of the hand
pump. The lye is then admitted into the
first basin until it is about three parts full,
and then steam is conveyed directly through
the pipe mentioned before, to the lye. The
fluid gradually begins to boil, while it is in
| creased by the condensation water of the
steam which pours in, and at last begins to
flow away through the pipe which passes
over the edge of the second basin. The
steam is then turned off, and the wood may
be left to boil for some time in the lye.
When at last the lye has eendischarged,
and the wood has been acted upon by direct
steam, The cover of the basin is opened, ard
the impregnated wood removed. Although
the wood is Penetrated IN this way with the
impregnating fluid to only depth of from
/ to of an inch, it has been found perfect
ly unimpaired after five years, Id places
| where wood not so treated rots and becomes
unfit for use after nine or twelve months.
Above ground, and il places where there is
no danger Of fire, it is sufficient to pour
| creosote oil over the wood. In a few days
the wood will become sufficiently impregna
ted to withstand the action of the weather
| 81
How Young People are Made Nesr-sighted.
! The eye is an organ which is soft, as il
were, when the child is born; it is plastic
it is in condition to be changed in it'
shape, and its tissues are in condition t
be moved, that is, the tissues which go s'
ma ake IN the -oEGaa can be mQided III VAR
child goes on until it has reached the ar
/ of eight or ten years, or perhaps litii
older, when it is observed that it is obliget
to hold the object at which it is looking
little nearer than before. Al examination
reveals the fact that the = Id is neal l-sight
/ ed This condition nss!...lJ progresses NOR
rapidly between tie ages of ten and twenty
six. But we know by means of the opthal
moscope, and by an examination OF tn
body after death, that the near-sighted ey
is changed in shape from the spherical
an elliptical or ovid form, and that progres
sive near-sightedness is always marked b
a change in the shape of the eye. AS th
eye is made up of healthy tissue, and is COL
stantly undergoing waste and repair in ii
use. you readily perceive that the qualit
of it's repair is going to be determined yer
much by the tissue-bindlng quality of til
particular child, and by the way in whic
that child uses its eyes. Parents at hen
are very often at fault in not teaching the
children how to use their eyes. have ofte
entered dwellings, of many people and see
little girls curled up on q sofa or IN a ehai
with the head down IN the lap, the vesse
or the forehead turgid with blood, remainir
in thae situation for a greater Or less time
and often, before the child can read, some o'
iect, like doll with it's wealth of intrica
clothing, or some other plaything, the Chi
, holding the object near it's eyes-using HI
accommodation and focalizing her eyes; al
all the time waste and repair are going O
because there can be no use Of the eye wit
: ont alterations of tissue, and the child W
go blind because the proper nourishment
the eye is interfered with, and the tissu
cannot be reproduced as the wasting pr
crosses. Ii the child uses the eye for
long time or too closely to any particul
form of worL, the tissue cannot be repl
|. dueed or nourished as it should be, and t
, pressure of the muscles upon the eyeb
II and the difficult act of the child in focal
i ing, means that the tissue OF the soft a
d pliable eye is undergoing alteration, viii
!. VIII lead to lamentable form of the d
v ease. Then the child goes into the scho
d and there is put into forms and classes, a
a oftentimes is made to do work on sla
d and copy-books which, perhaps, might
/. better done on the black board, and Il
,e the eye is trained until the mischief is p
ID ceived in its effscts.-Dr. Agnep.
---as 4n.-----
= Grain il EEeops and America.
w Europe producfs now on an aver;
or 5. .Oo0. 900, 900 bushels of grain, of VIII
to Russia produces one-third, Germany
II, France, 5a0,0oo,O00 each, and Aust
IS 500, 900, 900. The United States produ
SIS /, 800, ooo, 900 bushels, on about the same
II Russia. In order TO appreciate the adv
-. L.. r,nrAt,laf