davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

Loss OF FERTILIZERS. Sit NAV be a
pleasing thought for those who have old.
fashioned tip-ups which have been used
many years, that the liquids that have
gone through their floors for so long II
time are not necessarily lost. If the
ground is absorbent, most of these liquids
have soaked into it. and in their passage
downwards have left their fertility their
potash, phosphoric acid and nitrogen-in
combination with the upper layers of soil.
We have lately bad an opportunity to see
this matter very thoroughly tested. Among
our not very near neighbors is legal
gentleman who lately came into the pos
session of his fathers farm, and who has
quite notion of being farmer with all
the modern improvements. He has built
him u new barn, with II cemented cellar,
and all his fertilizing material is now
thoroughly saved. The old barn, with its
sheep pens and tie up directly on the
ground, has been torn down. and, ut our
suggestion, he has had the soil beneath
exclvated, and spread upon his moving
That from under the old sheep pens was
taken out only last fall, and consequently
its eff CT is yet to be noted. But the earth
lIOul DCucbtu liiC wv VIC up WIS SDTCtil IN
the spring, several hundred loads having
been drawn. and the dirt removed to the
depth of nearly or quite six feet. 1t WIS
our belief that this earth was thoroughly
impregnaled with p,tassic salts. an, we
had no doubt that there were some nitrous
there also. for we were aware
that earth from beneath old stables had
often been lixiviatcd for the extraction of
nitre. Still we supposed that really the
greater portion of the ammonia had es-
capped. The hired man, who was put to
This Z" foolish job" as he called it, was
however SOON converted TO II believer in
the manuriai value of this soil by discov-
ering distinct odor of hartshorn in 1t, |
md thus continued even to the bottom of
he excavation. The coloring matter had
not penetrated much below three feet. |
The excavated earth has proved to be
equal to the best stable manure for top
lressing grass ground. The luxuriant and
lark green growth of the meadow upon
which it was spread is quite remarkable.
md strange to say no difference is percep-
ible in The effect of the bottom layer from
hat of the top one. How many of oar
oaders have II manure mine like thisP-
Rural New Yorker,
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

While in Brandon recently Col. n. L.
Sprague took us to see Il couple of his
farms, and though the snow lay thick on
the ground so we could not see the land.
we could Judge something of its produc-
tiveness by the crops we saw stored. On
the first farm, under the care of Col.
Merritt, we saw some fine stock in the
way Of Jersey cattle which Col. Sprague
had lately added to his herd. Two two.
years old heifers were very promising.
"Jennie johnson " and Kalinda," while
a calf, Kathleen" was to our mind the
finest animal on the list. "Bijous Mag
nolia" came from Hon. Fred Billings
herd and from the cow said 10 be the best
ever imported from the Islands. We
think the colonel could better the appear
ance of his stock by more careful and
perhaps, better keeping, and proportion
ately increase the yield of butter.
At his next farm we saw in one stable
twenty-three head Of high grade Ayrshire
cows, which furnish the milk dairy; and
these were well domiciled in new barn,
built in the most thorough and substantial
manner, with no extra outlay for show.
The barn has good cellar which we
consider so essential in 4 good barn. but it
had not n driveway to an upper floor,
which arrangement we consider indispens-
able in the " modern barn" BY the way,
this matter of barns must receive early
attention at our hands for we think it of
great importance, and it is a subject to
which we have given some attention by
the same token, that we have got 10 build
a barn for our own use and convenience,
so We have been not only counting the
cost, but hunting plans as well. Thus
much by way of parenthesis.
The conveniences ut Col. SpTague's
farms in the way Of milk rooms, water,
c. houses, etc, are such rs we would
expect in establishments owned by a gen
tleman of Col. Sprague's abundant means
and cultivated taste in agricultural affairs.
We suppose the colonel would not forgive
us if we failed to speak of his large flock
of what are classed as choice Mrrinos,
but We don't pretend to any knowledge of
the fine points of sheep, and won't make
ourself ridiculous by trying to write
knowingly on the subject. Altogether
our call was most pleasant and we hope 10
repeat it sometime when the ground is
bare, and when we can see something
more of Col. Spragues system of cuti-
walton.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
The Borrow Drops OUT OF A EARN

THE Borrow DROPS OUT OF A FARM
An incident occurle ell at Bow Park farm
(of the Hon. George Brown of the Toronto
Hi0bel, about four miles from this CITY, "a
few days since. which created quite I'M
excitement in the neighborhood. When
darkness settled down over the scene the
night before there were no signs of what
occurred during the silent watches of the
night. The river wound gracefully along,
and the road leading to The homestead
was as firm as rock. In the night one
of the employees heard deep rumblng
sound. In the morning he told what he
experienced, and declared he had heard
the shock of IN earthquake. The m ystery
was soon solved. for on proceeding along
the roadway sight that struck amaze
ment into every witness was reveal
ed. An acre or more of the earth had
sunk nearly forty feet. and the tops of the
trees were Just visible on level with the
surface. The earth on all sides of the
chasm is quite perpendicular. and the
query is, where has that acre of land gone
to-? 1t is not "a landslide. but complete
Some think il is caused
by Iuicksand bottom, and others that
The river had washed stratum out under
meath. Whatever the cause, the occur
renee is startling one in our staid and
tranquil neighborhood. BrantIord (Cdn.
Reporter.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

COOKED OR UNcooKED FooD.-Prof.
Harrington of the Maine state agricultural
college. has Just concluded series of
experiments which were begun nine years
ago, by Samuel johnson. then farm super
intendent. for the purpose of ascertaining
the relative value of cooked and uncooked
meal for swine. The trials have been
Q Tried on several months each year. Il e
greatest care being taken that no fond
should be vast, d. but that the pigs should
be fully supplied. The raw meal was
simply mixed with cold water and fed
Immediately, except in very cold weather.
when il was given slightly warm. The
result is wholly in favor of the uncOoke,l
meal for feeding. The professor says that
these experiments prove that the labor
and fuel required for cooking food is more
than thrown away. This accor,ls with
opinions we have held for long time,
and our practice has been confined wholly
to uncooked food for more than twenty
years. We are not even particular to mix
the meal and water only rs it becomes
mixed in the trough by pouring milk or
water upon the meal. Meal is cheap and
labor dear in New England.-NsW Eng
land Farmer.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
Fall Manliring.

Mr.. EDIToR:-ln the FREEMAN of
March 18Th, over the sigature of "E. w
b." saw IN article giving his experience
with manure. Believing it does farmers
good to tell each other their experience, |
will give little Of my own, with some
have seen. have II piece of land upon
my farm of two acres; one acre was ma
nured TWO years ago lust fall and one acre
in following spring and both piece were
planted to corn. The corn upon the parl
manfred in the fall was earlier and the
yield was larger; last year | sowed the
same with oats and the difference in favor
of the fall manufing was as marked as
with the corn. also visited and examined
last fall IL field of five acres, part MANFRED
the fall before and the rest IN The spring
the corn on the part manfred in the fall
was nearly Il week earlier Than the Other
part, and, us far us one could jldge, con-
sderably heavier. The manure in both
cases was spread upon the SOD in the fall
and then plowed with that spread in the
spring. and in each case the land was sim
liar over the whole field Let some one
else give their experience with fall manur-
ing. -
Putney, April "a, 1879.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
2oetru.
The House That Jack Built.

The House That Jack Built.
This is the house that Jack bpilt.
This is the malt tha; lay in tho house that Jack
built.
This is the beer brewed from the malt that lay In
the house that Jack built.
This is the boy who drank the beer brewed from
the mall, that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the mother with only one child,
Who loved her boy, who drank the beer brewed
from the malt, that lay in tue house that Jack
built.
This is the father so brutal and wild,
Who beat the mother with only one chill,
Who loved her boy, vino drank the beer brewed
from the malt that lay in the house that Jack
built.
This is the whiskey so filthy and vile,
Which caused the father 50 brutal and wild,
To beat the mother with only one child,
Who loved her boy, who drank tho beer brewed
from the malt, that lay in the house that Jack
built.
This is the bar keeper SO smiling the while,
Who sold the whlskey so fllthy and vile,
Which caused the father 80 brutal and wild,
To beat the mother with only one child,
Who loved her boy, who drank the beer brewed
from the malt that lay in the house that Jack
built.
This is the dealer who had grim smile,
Who sold to the bur keeper SO Hing the while,
Who sold the whskey SO filthy and vile.
Which caused the father so brutal and wild,
To beat the mother with only one child,
Who Lowell her boy, who drank the beer brewed
from the malt that lay in the house that Jack
built.
This is the distiler who for gain the while,
Furnished the dealer who had grim smile,
Who sold TO the bar keeper so smiling the while,
Who sold the whskey so filthy and vile,
Which caused the father so brutal and wild,
To beat the mother with only one child,
Who loved her boy, who drank the beer brewed
from the malt that lay in the house that Jack
built.
This is the government so above all guile,
Which licensed the dist,ller who for gain the while,
Furnished the dealer who had grim smile,
" no sold to the bar keeper so smiling the while,
Who sold the whiskey SO filthy and vile,
Which caused the father so brutal and wild,
Z beat the mother with on ly one child,
Who loved her boy, who drank the beer brewed
from the malt that lay in the house that Jack
built.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

We have received from Prof Levi
Stockbridge of the NJ ,ssachusetts agri-
cultural college at Amherst, pamphlet
Investigations on the Rlinfall, Percola-
ton and Evaporation of Water from the
Soil, Temperature of Soil and Air DEPOSIT
ton of Dew on the Soil and Plant +
thirty-eight pages; Rand IL Avery, printers
to the Commonwealth, 1870. We have
not yet had time for critical examination
which we hope soon to make, and give
further report Of its contents.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
Education,

am not opposed to the education of
farmers sons, or the sons of any other
class; far be it from me. But do contend
that Just SO long rs farmers give their
sons liberal education or sufficient educa.
tlon to go into any of the professions, lust
so sure will they 90 into them or some
other business. 1t don't require liberal
education to run Il small farm, for they
are run in many instances by men who
can neither read nor write, and run in
good style. too A man need not under
stand Latin TO dig potatoes, or AS ronomy
10 maui rails, or algebra to pitch hay.
When Lincoln got more learning he quit
mruling rails, went into the law, and
rom that to congress, and then into the
White House. II you have bright,
promising boy and want to get him off
the farm, give him II liberal education.
and my word for it you will make a sure
thing of it every time; and he is not the
stun tramps are made of, either, but the
opposite. 1t is no disgrace to be a uood
farmer - nay, it is an honor to any man.
auG at the same time we should not sbut
our eyes TO the living fact that there are
higher stations of life than farming, and if
we educate our sons 10 fill these stations,
it is no wonder they should seek TO fiji
them. 1t is human nature. All are not
on level, even in the same occupation.
For farmer to give his son sufficient
education for governor of the state, or su.
preme court Judge. by spending years of
time and much money, and then try and
persuade him back to the farm where he
would have no play for his learning would
be simply nonsense. They would make
better farmers if they had been educated
more in the direction of the farm. and 7
claim the pig this nonenity speaks of, had
too much education for the purpose for
which pigs are raised, viz. pork. His
IDEAS are too high and his tail too stiff.
Here is how Granger treats of the
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

ABOUT THE CIRCULATION OF MATTER.
No. 2.
Physiological causes, though less active
than the physical, largely influence The
circulation of matter. Dew and rain. in
part, sink into the soil, and are absorbed
by the roots of the growing plants. These
plants spread out their green leaves into
the dry air. and from numberess pores
are constantly exhaling watery vnpor. in
an invisible form. 1t is estimated TIM,
from three to five million pounds of water
are yearly exhaled from the leafy surface
of single acre of crops; while, on an
average. not more than two and n half
million pounds fall in rain. No doubt the
evaporation of plants is ono of the most
important forms which the circulation nj
water assumes.
Animals also take into their stomacbs ,
arge portion of water, as q necessary
JUNCTION of life, and, in due time. tbey
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

matter in the Ohio Farmer, and there is
some truth in what he says, for it is fact
that few of the graduates of our colleges.
literary or NEUTRALITY-SUSPICIOUS.
up farming as business. Our idea is that
there is nothing incompatible in the idea
of an educated farmer. and we don't care
how well educated either; but the fact is
that other occupations, for which a liberal
education has been considered the proper
fitting. have been better paid, and more
highly honored
BY the way. we have heard a good deal
first and last about educating boys in
the direction of the FARM" and we wish
we knew just what is meant by that.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

In the year 1860, the state carried Ia
900 sheep, and 10000 dogs, while at the
present time, with the same number eff
dogs Or more, we have but $1,000 sheep.
The dog tax appears to afford farmers
very slight encouragement in sheep breed
ing, SO long us the dogs are allowed to
run at large day and night In 1875 there
were l,4S9 dogs reported as having been
engaged in killing 1873 sheep, and in 1873
there were 10000 dogs taxed, but the
amount of damage done by such dogs
exceeded Sl0,500, so that, although the
sheep industry might be made one of the
most remunerative in the state. yet it
cannot improve till more radical measures
for the suppression of dogs are adopted
NeU England Farmer.
There has been lots of good ink shed
concerning shedding the blood of dogs
We are often treated in the various papers
to paragraphs recounting the great dam
age sustained by the sheep and wool pro,
ducing interest by dogs, and how in some
states it is becoming impossible TO keep
sheep on account Of the dogs. The ques-
tion has presented itself TO us in the shape
of IN arilhmetical conundrum something
as follows: Wool is now selling at twenty
five centsto twenty-seven cents per pound.
How much would one have to decrease
the dogs and increase the sheep and wool
to bring the price up to forty cents. or
sheep from $3.50 to $500 per headP
There are, no doubt, plenty of worthless
ours kept which are an expense and a
curse to their owners and the vicinity
where they roam, but we can't join in the
cry for the wholesale destruction of dogs
because they are running sheep.raising.
Pomfret received last year about $4,000
license for dogs and had not single case
presented to the seleclmen for damages
for sheep killed by them.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

Is THE DAT CROP MORE EXHAUSTIVE
TO THE SOIL THAN OTHER GRAIN CROPS?
-AGRIcoLA:-Ihe oat question is rather
scientific one. Experience and observa-
tion may detect II difference in the ex
hausting nature of crops, without any
particular scientific knowledge, but it can
not tell the difference. have an analysis
before me which says that in 1000 parts
of the grain of oats there are 80 of ash ;
in 1000 parts of corn, IA are ash; wheat
20; rye. 20; barley %. This looks as
though oats were more exhaustive than
other grains, but when we examine the
mineral elements that compose this ash,
we find that oats take less of the essentials
Than any of the Others. will arrange
the constituents rs follows so that the diff
ference can be easily seen:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
Evidently DR.. Hoskins thinks there is

Evidently DR.. Hoskns thinks there is
no better name for spade than spade,
and that the best way to be understood is
to say what one means in the most direct
way. If any one doubts this, they may
he more firmly established in a positive
opinion by reading the following from the
W,Achman Of last week:
KEEP IT BEFORE TIE FARMERs.-KeeD
it before them that the board of agri-
culture was abolished at the heel of the
session Of the last legislature by the use of
deliberate Justification. The statement was
made 10 members not posted in the facts,
by men OF supposed character and stand
ing, who ought to be ashamed to lie, that
the expense of the board of agriculture to
the state of Vermont was 5000 per an
mum. Those who We're busy in making
the charge privately did so well knowing,
from the figures of the AUDITORS reports,
that the total annual average expenses of
the board for the eight years of its exist
ence (including cost ,of printing the re-
ports of the board) was but little over
half the sum stated by them, or, exactly.
S3.214.SS. By this false statement, not
publicly made, but privately whispered,
the votes We're got that killed the board.
No great chance for Misrepresentation of
his meaning in that item, we fancy.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

FREQUENT CAUSES OF DISEASE IN pIrs
-Ibe diseases which affect these animals
generally originate from their beino kent
in loalhsome and uncomfortable si,ua, ion,
inbaling the most infectious exbnla,ions
and bpinu at one time stinted with fond
and at another fed to the extreme. The
hog. nhhouph wnllowinp in ,h, tiltbias,
mire. sometimes feeding uuon the mos,
disgusting kind of food, both animal and
vegetabe,and often when in a decumposcd
state, does not ALWAYS do so with IMMUNITY,
We are convinced that MANY animals If
this class are annually lost from the effects
OF improper food. or from living in an
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
POTASH
PHOs. ACID.

Here we See that oats exhaust less of
potash than any other crop except corn,
and of phosphoric acid, the rarest element
of al, less than any other, corn not ex-
cepted In the Same way if we examine
the straw, we find that oats compare well
with the other grains, requiring more of
some elements than some others, and less
of other elements. Then it may be asked,
what makes the great difference in the
total ash of these grains comparedp 1t is
in the amount of silica required, and rs
there is enough of silica in all soils 10 sup
ply all crops for years to come, it need not
be taken into consideration. Here is the
Inhla Shnwinn the sili,n in tho nrh
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

We acknowledge with thanks the re-
ceipt from Maj. Ora Paul, member of the
late board of agriculture, a complete set
of the reports of the board. We had
never received one before-eXcept IN old
one which remained in the office the year
the FREEMAN printed them; so we sup
pose them 10 be not very common, which
of course enhances the value of the dona-
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
agricultural department.
o. NJ. TINkHAM, Editor

All communications for this department should be
ent to the editor. Mr.. o. NJ. TINKHAM. y. Pom
fret. VT.
Please write on side Of the paper only sign such
name or initials as you wished publish I. but give
,our FULL NAME AND ADDRESS post office, County and
State.
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
PROVERBS


Sour stomach. bad breath. indigestion
ma headache easily cured by HopB ilters
Study Hop 9ittprs books. use tho
medicine. be wise, healthy and happy
When life is II drug. and YOU have
lost all hope. try Hop Btters."
Kidney and urinary trouble is univer
sal. and the only safe and sure remedy
IS Hop Bilters-rely on it
" Hop Bitters does not exhaust and
'estroy, but restores and makes new"
"Ague. biliousness, drowsiness. lam
lice. Hop Niters removes ,silv.n
"Boils Pimples. Freckles, Rough Skin
erupttions, impure blood Hop Bitters cnre
" Inactive Kidneys and Urinary Orc
,,Ins cause the worst of diseases. and
Hop titters cures them ALL"
" More health, sunshine and INV in
dop Bltters than in all other remedies ;,
Hop Cough Cure and Pain Relief 10
tho best.
N, For sale by Frank II Bascom. G. RIake,,
generally. w. ana , ny dealers
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09

Potash and phosphorc aaid, we are now
assured, are the essential mineral elements
needed in soils. Let us see how oats COM
pare with the other crops in exhaustng
these:
Green-Mountain freeman. [volume] (Montpelier, Vt.) 1844-1884, 1879-04-09
FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
Central Vermont R. R. Line.
Commencing Monday, Dec. so, 1873.
TRAINS GOING SOUTH AND EAST.

TRAINS GOING SOUTH AND EAST.
Leave Montpelier at II 2s A. NJ, 74O and sOOP.N.
MAIL TRAIN from Montreal, Malone. ST. Adams.
Burlington, &c leaves Montpelier ll.4O 4. NJ, for
Boston, New London, Springfield, New York, and
MIXED TRGIS leaves st Albanss4O F. NJ, Burlington
10 p, NJ, Montpelier 40 P N for NCrthheld.
NIGHT EXPRESS from O1densburg, Montreal, St. Al
hans aud Burlington leave Montpelier at " p. for
Boston via Lowell or Fitchburgh, springfield, New
York and intermediate points.
TRAINS GOING NORTH AND WEST.
Leave Montpelier ats % 4OA. M IL 10 and % p N.
DAY EXPRESS leaves Boston via Fltch9urEh at ~
A. NJ via, Lowell 500 A. NJ New Loudou w A; NJ,
Springfield 500 A NJ, Montpelier % P M, for Bur-
linvtOn, st. Adams, Montreal. and Oxdensburg
Nontpelier $40 A NJ, for Burlington. Rutland. st.
Albans, st. Johns and RichfOrd . .
MIXED leaves White River Junction 7OOA ", North
field IL on NJ arrives at Montpelier IL 81 NJ.
ACCOMMODATIONS leaves Montpelier l2lU p. NJ. for
Burlington, Rutland and st. Adams. :,
NIGHT EXPRESS leaves Boston via, Lowell at $50 p.
NJ, via, Fitchburgh 500 P. NJ, New York 800 ?; M,
Springfield 500 NJ Montpelier % A. NJ for Burling-
ton st. Adams, Montreal and Osdensburg, and the
Trains leave Montpelerfor Barre att. 20 A. IL, 1000
Returning leave Barre ats on NJ land 10 5OA NJ, and
j20P NJ. -.
running between Montreal and Boston, and Montreal
Psrlor Cars aud Day Express between Boston and
through tickets for Chicago and the West for sale
'n' p''-''r' wv .HoBART,
- Genl.supt.
G.w.BENTLEY,
Genl. Manager.
St. Adams, VT Dec. %. 1878.