The Wellington enterprise. [volume] (Wellington, Ohio) 1867-188?, 1879-03-06
The Presidents Veto of the Bill to Re-
strain Chinese immigration.

"
ing the bill to restrict Chinese immigration:
To the House of Representatives:
"A After 20 very careful consideration Of House
6 St ented Act to Rsss5cs the
in which it originated, with my objections to its
from the House @ Of Representatives. w was con-
fined in its provisions to the object named
IN y. ifs R. title which is that OF Tb;n Act
to the United States.n The only means
adopted to-. secure the proposed OBJ
passengers which might be brought to this coun-
try by any one vessel to fifteen, and as this num-
ber was NOT fixed in any proportion to size or
safety or accommodation of these passengers,
the simple purpose and effect of the enactment
falling but little short of its absolute exclusion.
The bill as amended in the Senate and now pre-
sented to me, includes an independent and addi-
tional provision which aims at and on terms re-
quires the abroGation by this GoveInment of
Articles and of the treaty with China, COM
the action of the Executive enjoined BY this pro-
vision of the act
The BurlinRame treaty. of which ratifications
cites as the occasion and motive of its negotia-
tion by the two Governments, that since the
States of America and Ia Sing Empire (Chlna)
of the 18th of June, 1858, circumstances have
cies theretS and pToeeeds to an as to
said additional articles. These negotiations,
therefore. ending BY the S signature of additional
object the completion of our treaty
rights and obligations towards the Govern
ment Of China BY the incorporatien of these
cipal treaty to which they are made supplement
tai. upon the settled rules of Interpretation ap-
Of and S
tional articles thereto" constitute one treaty
from the conclusion of the new negotions in all
tion between two Governments, and to all in
tents and purposes as if embraced in one instru-
tons TONS were @ e.chaneed Aug. iS. is5e recites that
the United States of America and the Ia Tsing
TO baas ss.n1sd 70
manner clear and positive. by means of a treaty
or general convention of peace, amity and COM
mutually observed in the intercourse of their
respective countries" and proceeds in its thirty
articles to lay out q careful and comprehensive
system for commercial relations of our people
Tna main substance of all the provisions of
this treaty is to define and secure the rights Of
protection in and trade with China. The actual
provisions in our favor in these respects were
Quate and appropriate to the interests of our
commerce, and by the concluding article we re
any time the 4. Tsins Empire grant to any ma a
tion or merchants, or citizens of any nation, any
right, privilege or favor connected either
with navigation, commerce. political or other in
tercourse which is not conferred by this treaty,
such right, privilege and favor shall at once
its public officers. merchants and citizens.
Against this body of stipnlations in our favor
and this permanent IT 1 engagement OF equality in
tions. general promise of permanent peace and
good offices on our part seems to be the only
equivalent. For this the first article undertakes
There shall be. as there always has Seen,
peace and friendship between the United States
tween their % people e respecsiVely They shall not not
insult or oppress each other for any trifing
Il ot6e1 sSs sc
or oppressively the United States will exert their
good offices, on being informed of the case. to
question, thus showing their friendly feelings"
At the date of the negotiation of this treaty our
Chinese emigration, and the advantages and
the Inconvenience felt or feared therefrom had
become more or less manifest, but they dictated
in the treaty. The year 1868 was marked by a
the Chinese Empire. headed by American citi-
liens, Anson Burlingame. who had relinquished
his diplomatic representation of his own coun-
try, in China, to assume that of the Chinese En-
tions. By this time the facts of Chinese immi-
grafton and its nature and influence, present and
prospect,se, @ had become ne more n4s,ce;ble and
ately affected and by this Government. The
principal feature of the Burlingame treaty was
and the Chinese as forming, or
as they should form. part of our population.
Up to this time our uncovenanted hospitality to
ship, our equal and comprehensive JUS
tice to all inhabitants, whether they alb
made
Chinese in considerable numbers had made
treaty undertakes to deal with this situation,
and its fifth and sixth articles embrace its
the i MAIN % stipulstions % in which the hC Chinese @
Government has secured the obligatory protec-
tion of its subjects within our territory. They
/" ARTICLE s. The United States of America and
Emperor of China cordially recognize the in
herent and inalienable right of man to change
advantage of free migration and emigration of
their citizens and subjects respectively
Of for time
therefore. join in reprobafine any other
than entirely voluntary emigration for these
purposes. They consequently agree to pass laws
making it penal offense for citizens of the
snSiests either to the Gated sssses To
any other foreign country. or for Chinese sub
zen zen Of the United States to China or any any other
country without their free and voluntary con-
sent respectively.
ARTICLE s. Citizens of the United States visit
ing or residing in China, shall enjoy the same
privileges, immunities or exemptions in respect
to travel or residence as may there be enjoyed by
citizens or subjects of the most favored nation
and reciprocaly. Chinese subjects visiting or re-
siding in the United states, shall enjoy the same
spect te travel or 1esdence e as tbose eniovea by
citizens or subjects of the most favored nation
but nothing herein contained shall be held to
confer NATURALIZATION upon citizens of the United
States in China, or upon subjects of China in
the United States"
An examination of these two articles in the
light of experience, then influential in suggest
article was framed in hostility to what seemed
raF l,IA
WIT pthe Of 0 Chinese aSoreTs Ss
methods which should have the character OF
tary emigration of freemen seeking oar shores
upon motives and in manner consonant with
our system and approved by the sxperienct
sion of the Government of China to thest
liberal principles of freedom in emf
ns mas
vance towards opening that empire to our civil
zation and religion. and gave promise in the flu
throughout that great population of our arts
improvements and the sentiment. Of Govern
tant to the welfare of mankind.
The first clause of this article secures thi,
s1sss 9 ohna f 9s AND dS
among the peoples and races Of thu
earth, the second clause. however, in its reproba
emigration" by both high contracting parties
and IN reciprocal obhgstions whereby we secured
selemn and unauaiified engagement on the part
ing it a penal offense for citizens of the United
States or Chinese subjects 70 take Chinese sub
jects either to the United States or to any othel
foreign country without their free and volun.
tary consent" constitutes the great force and
value of this article. Its Importance both
in principle and in its practical service to
ward our protection against servile importation
in the guise of immigration, cannot be over
estimated. It commits the Chinese Govern.
ment to active and efficient measures to suppress
this iniquitous system where those measures
are most necessary and can be most effectual
1t gives to the Government the footing of treaty
right to such measures and means an oppor
tunity of insisting upon their adoption, and OF
complaint and resentment at their neglect
The fifth article, therefore, If it fall abort U,
what the pressure of the later experience of oul
Pacific States may urge upon the attention OF
this Government, as essential to public welfare
seems to be in the right direction and to contain
important advantages which, once relinquished
cannot be easily recovered.
The second topic which interested the two Gov
ernments under the actual condition of thing,
which prompted the Burlingame treaty was ade
quate protection, under solemn and definite
guarantees of the treaty. of Chinese already in