New-York tribune., 1879-08-30

the eafth.
Professor A. R. Leeds, Of Stevens Institute, read
paper the solubility Of ozone in water in which,
after reviewing the long controversy OF forty years.
whether ozone would enter into solution In water,
and pointing out the Importance of settling TINS
matter, In order TO a right solution OF many medi-
CAL meteorological and chemical problems. be gave
an account of some very extended and iaborious
invests cations the result Of which had been to show
by new methods that the ozone did go into solution
and that il retained even in solution its character
istic and very energetic oxdizing powers.
In the chemistry subsection Professor II. w.
Wiley, of Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind, pre-
sented treatise on q modified method of collecting
and measuring gases soluble in water. THIS Is
modification of the idea in lie Journal dc Phdrmdcte
CT dc Cke,aie in which q thin rubber bag was used
to receive the gas. Tho present method dIsponses
with tho rubber bag and substitutes series OF
vessels containing air between the gas generator
and the water 10 be displaced. The gas thus
pushes the air forward and is itself prevented
from coming into actual contact with the water.
The water displaced gives the volume of the gas,
which is then to be corrected for temperature and
pressure.
Professor F. w. Clarke, of Cincinnati University,
gave a preliminary notice of results obtained in
revision of the atomic weights of the chemical
elements. He has collected the data, which
have accumulated In the chemical literature
of the last sixty yesrs and recalculated aud recon-
bined from the bottom by the method OF least
squares.
In tho evening annual addresses were deliy-
cred by the yce-presidents Professor s. T. Langley,
Director of the Allegheny Observatory, and Major
J. w. Powell, of Washington.
MYrHOLOGIc PHILOSOPHY.
Major Powell, vice-presdent OF the association,
read a paper on Hydrologic Philosophy" The
chief points follows:
Tho wonders OF the OF Nature have
ever challenged attention. In sayagety, in bar
bar1sn and In civilization alike, the mind
Of man has sousht the explanation Of things.
The yenrnng TO know Is universal Ho-c ard rhy are
everlasting nterrogatories profoundly nstinct IN hu-
inanty. In the evolution OF the human mind the n-
stnct OF cosmc terrogaton follows hard the in
stnc Of sepreservaon In all stages OF savage. bar
baro and civilized inquiry every question has found an
answerevery ho has had ts thus every why its because
Not only has every people philosophy but every stage
OF culture Is characterized by rs stage OF philosophy.
Philosophy has bean unfolded with the evolution OF tho
human understanding. The history OF philosophy s the
history Of human opinions from the earlier to the later
Diecernment discrimination and classification are
the processes by which philosophy is developed A
will be higher in the scale the truth,
discernment Is wider, the discrimination nicer,
and the classification better.
The sense of tho savage Is dull compared with the
sense OF the civilized man. savage sees but few
sights, hears but few sounds tastes bu. few navors
blunt and his facts that made up OF the cUmDi-
nation OF the sensuous impressions, are few In COM
parisOn civilized mas hls ylI0n extended away
toward the irhnesimal and away toward the infinite.
The Of dlsoernment frop the low st savage TO
the highest civilized constitute series, the end of
which Is far from the beginning.
There grand stages OF philosophy, the myho-
logic and the scientific In the hrst ali phenomena are
explained by aualogies derived from subjective human
experlences in the latter phenomena are explained as
orderly successions OF events Some examples OF the
phosopnic methods belonging to widely separate
grades Of culture may serve to make my statements
the philosopher Of civilization has discovered that
breath, the ianwaed breeze the air eontned In yos
sols, the air moving in ventilation that these are all
parts OF the great body OF ar which surrounds TIE
heated at the tropics cooled at the poles. and thls
turned counter currents and again defeated by
sweep down valleys, eddy among mountain
crags watt the spray from the crested bows Of the
sea- all In obedience 10 cosmic laws.
In Shoshoni, the rainbow is beautiful serpent that
the armament Of Ice to give Us snow and rain
In Morse the rainbow is the bridge, B!frost, spanning
the space between heaven and earth.
IN the Iad the rainbow is the goddess Iris, the mes
ii Hebrew tue rainbow Is the witness to a covenant.
Ia science, the rainbow Is an analysis Of white ght
into Its eoors by reracton of randrOps.
These illustrations are perhaps sufficient 10 exhibit
the principal characteristics II the two methods OF PHI
The three stages of mytholosic philosophy that
acterized and tho OF their evolution Indicated.
But in order do this clearly certain 0utgrowths from
,oytholo9Ic philosophy must be expiaiued; certain
theories practices that necessarily result from this
philosophy and that are nricately woven Into the In
stitutious OF mankind
The first 1 donolnnate ancisntisIn. Yesterday was
better than to-day. Tho shcients wiser than
THIS belief IN better day and better people the
elder tire Is almost universal among mankind be-
lief SO widely spread profoundly entertained must
ion ar history Of mankind Let s see what tney are
In the history individual the sports and JOYS
of childhood are oonrasted with the tolls pains OF
old age Greatly prOtracted life, In savaaery bar
barism, not boon to be ersyed. In that stage OF
society where the days and the years by with little
or no provision for tune other than that
which Is passing, tho old must go down
Ia that stage OF culture to-mOrrows bread is not
tain and o-days bread often In civilization
plenty and poverty live side by side the paoce and the
howell are laRdscape the rich and the pocr
elbow each other on the Same street but in sayagery
to the same maa But there is yet
other and more potent reason for an
for tho breath of speech is tho fertilizer
Of story Hence. the older the story the greater It's
thsumsturglcs. Thus. yesterday is greater than
SeraiiOn. And stil again, the institutions Of so
fieS ee Of tSinss awsys includes The origin Of ha
man Institutions so the welfare Of society Is based on
PHILOSOPHY and TIE venerable sayiugs which constitute
philosophy thus held sacred In the study OF eth
nology fist recognized the more civilized races The
AIyan Hamtes Snctes and Chinese and the rest were
the weeds humsnItythe barbarian aud the savage,
sometimes called Turanians. But when We come
carefully to study these lower people, what
numbers OF races are discovered. In North Amer
lea alone have moro than seventy tye-seyenLy five
stocks Of people speaking seyenty-ye stocks OF Ian
puage and some single stocks embracing many distinct
Languages and dialects. All these tribes are found IN
the higher stages OF sava2ery or the iowor
stages OF bsrbsrism and their mytnoloaes are
found 10 be zootbestio among tine lowest.
physitheistie among the highest. aud great
humber OF tribes found In transition
state for zoOIheisn found TO bo characteristic Of
sAvasery aud phys heism OF bsrbars, usin he terms
as they have been defined by Morgan. Tue supreme
gods Of this animals. BY TIE aDlma gods all
things established Tho heavenly bodies were
created and their ways appointed, ana when
the powers and phenomena or nature are per
son1od the beasts, and ali human In
stItuIons also were established by the ancient animal
gods From zoethelsm. described 10 physlthesm tie
way ~ long
sill further In study OF ythooRc philosophy
see tnst more and supremacy falls into the hands
OF the few until monOheism Ia established the plan
rirn rLn,a II lnt.rlnr daltlea