davidaulloa/AmericanStories huggingface dataset:
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
The Wrong LsC.
(London Court Journal

A dignitery Of tho church was din.
ing out. OF two young ladies BE-
tween whom be Vas seated, tho one
on bis right hand Was a. intimafe
acquaintance, aud noticing that ma
distinguished neighbor Was slient
and preocupied, seid to him, seto vocs:
4: I an afraid you are not very well
' sn's .n;93!s! you do not seemia your
"well, ssid the dignitary. 81 i'm
10 rather . nervous state a6out M
health, and have q eort Of preeenf.<
!ment that Q serious illness q han0-
log over me. I am conscious OF 4
peculiar numbness oil down ny rieht
eide, which seems % iorbotlo "a -.
tack Of payalysis." 80
HE fair companion expressed her
hope that such leare were unfounded.
"Oh, no.; I'm afraid there'e n0&
doubt Of Il, for I have been pinchinS.
ny right leg oil dinner time. IA ~
elicit no responsive feeling vhafevef.
The Limb seems quite dead ooll &ei:s
Ing" .G,'a
''0hw exclaimed the lady. briskly..
and With % expression Of Intense IA
llet 90 her lace. III that 10 al Vhich
troubles you can at once relieve
your mind from anxiety, for tho lee,
which you have been pinohine M.
the evening 10 mine.'
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
Miscellaneous.
W1SCtl1uneOUS,
THE GENUINE
DIR. G.. MoLANE'S
Celebrated American
WORM SPECIFIC
vERMI (
SYMPTOMS OF WORMS.

THE countenance is pale and lead.
/ en-colored. with occasional flusfes.
or a circumscribed spot on one Or both
cheeks; the eyes become dull; the
pupils dilate: an azure scmicircle
runs along the lower eye-lid: the
nose is irritated, swells, and sometimes
bleeds; a swelling Of the upper lip
occasional headache. with hulnminr
or throbbing Of the ears: an unusual
secretion Of saliva; Shiny or furred
tongue; breath very foul, particularly
IN the morning; appetite variable.
sometimes voratious. with a gnawing
sensation Of the stomach, at others,
entirely gone; fleeting pains in the
stomach; occasional nausea and vom-
ting; violent pains throughout the
abdomen bowels irregular, at times
eostive; stools Shiny. not unfrequent-
ly tinged with blood belly swollen
and hard: urine turbid respiration
occasionally difficult, and accompa.
MED BY hiccoush; cough sometimes
dry and convulsivc; uneasy and dis
turbed sleep. with grinding of the
teeth; temper variable, but generally
irritable. &c.
Whenever the above symptoms
are found to exist,
DIR. G. MCLANE'S VERMlFIyCE
will certainly effect a cure.
1T DOES NOT CONTAIN MERCURY
in any form; it is an innocent prepa-
ration. nofeap1bA ef6oing the slightest
injury to tie most hrndty infant
The genuine DIR. MCLANE'S YER
MlFUGE bears the signatures Of c.
MCLANE and FLEMING Bros. on the
wrapper. -:O:-
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
CORRESPONDENCE on The CAR
TERPlLLAR.
Its Habits and Eueuies.
NArcH1rocHEs, La. J
September 29rh. 1919

NArcH1rocHIs, La. J
4. September 29th, 2679.
DEAR Sls:-First, In order to an.
swer your questions intelligently. ]
Will give . 'straight.out. line OF the
geographical situation OF the parish
OF Natchit0ches. It 10 situated In
the North West part Of the State OF
Louisiana, the greater portion being
South OF the SD degree OF North M.
itude. 10 greatest length being from
Southeast to Northwest. Il has q
population according TO the census
Of 1870, OF 1885. Had 10 cultivation
!ast year Tor rather In 1871 In cotton
$500 acres, and produced 1895
bales Of cotton. The lsnds are per.
ticularly fertile and productive.
Yielding an abundance Of tho fruits
Of the earth, with . small outlay OF
labor. I. :.:, -
40 70 your nrst question:
!. "During what year Was cotton
nrot groMn In your State. county or
:, A. I aoower only for tho parish Of
Natch1toches, La; cotton Was drst
planted ~ this parish about the BE-
CHING OF this century.
Z. HOW many years ELAPSED. AZ.
tor cotton first began 70 be grown.
before !. e, the worms began to work up.
A. The int appearance Of tho
worms ~ this locality was In 1879,
late Do the Fall. and they did but
little damage 70 tho cotton plant.
The second time Was In the year 1910.
doing again very little damage. and
creating no alarm IN tho minds OF tho
planters, but whom they came AGAIN
10 tho year 1874, they did considers-
bic damage. causing serious alarm
70 those enkaged In planting, max.
lnR them ask The question II It would
pay TO continue the business. By
the end Of the month Of August every
leaf vas stripped from the plant. a
u . killing frost he'd fallen. After
tne, CONFIDENCE was restored, and
40 particular interest attached to
them. until In the year 1876, when
sgstn lhe crop Wss destroyed. The
damage Was considerable, and the
Yield ieeeened more than Is per cent.
After this no particular sttention
Ras paid TO the worms until after
The cl0se OF the late var, since which
lime they have reduced tho yeild
year after year until they became 20
Instructive - 20 almost deter plant.
sre from engaging 10 tho busineoo,
3. ia the worm most dreaded AZ.
ter . mild or severe winter p
10 order TO answer this question
|ntelligently, / have obtained the
following facts In regard to the ~.
pesrsDce Of the worm from tho year |
1867 ~ TO and including this present !
v~Nr, 1879.
lss7. Rain for tho months Of April.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
2oet's Corner.
Confederate Gray.

| OVmsCvCI NC UTSys
You're like your master, worn and old
Aud SCARED with wounds, my suit
| Gray.
III smooth you free Of crease and fold.
And lay you tenderly away.
But ere hide you from nv sight
Forgetting all that's past and gone
Let me recall the visions brigh >
l saw when first drew Won on.
saw q nation spring to breath,
saw people proud and grand,
do battle to the very death
For freedom aud their native land.
saw o cause pure Of all harm,
Thrice noble and without Que stain
gave for it my good right arm,
I'd gladly give it DER again.
! saw across stormy sky
The bow Of glorious promise CLEAN.
And a. its splendor blazed on high
Fade like the fancies Of q dream.
Then darkness such az might be felt
Came down upon our hapless land,
And yet We knew our woe was dealt
In wisdom by Fathers hand.
Onr cause is lost our hopes are fled.
Tho land We loved sits sore bereft,
Lamenting TOR her glorious dead
You are the only vestage left.
Gray clothes, l took yon With pride
Such pride as manly hearts may take
As with our cause identified
And donbly precious for bis sake.
My martyr'd Generation he wore
Such clothes about the knightliest soul
That God from his eternal store
Enshrinetl within human mould.
! know be wears the garments now
That moth and rust can n'er assail.
a diadem upon his brow
10 which eartl''s brightest crowns are
pale. '''
4, let st'li ! love, my memory's ray,
~ oCU usu ~ 10 uS0O 10 O0
Clad in bis well.worn suit of Gray
The synonyme ofvictory.
The greatest victory he wrought
Was when, at Heavens supreme behest,
I Inc ialth we'll kept, the fight we'll fought,
tie went triumphant to his rest.
There's little left to live for now
OId suit for such a. you and L.
Ana cnt to Heaven's decree l bow,
I'd gladly, like my general die.
But long o. God may choose to give
! ne simplest duty 10 my task
I'm vi ling in his strength to live
And try to do it. All l ask
!" when my pilgrimage is made,
And am numbered with the dead.
10 join in Heaven the old Brigade.
With Stonewall Jackson at its head!
SCRApBOOx,
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
1867. Ram Tor tho months OF April
My. June and july. 29:l-Q1 inis

Az 20 tho temperature OF the
months OF December, January, Heb.
Iuary and March, Dr.. F. johnson
says: "AS 70 mean temperature OF
these came months, the vsrjafion 4
TOO little % have any influence on
the question before you, Q.e. O. %
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
Sour Stomach 10 instantly relieved b.
. dose Of "DlAck. 0RAUeiir."
For sale By ]. J. McCOOK & BRO


/. That ash may be scaled much
easier BY first dipping into boilino
water about . minute.
z. That ash may o. we'll b scaled
II desired before packing down IN
ealt. though In that case do not ocald
them.
3. Salt fab are quickest and bea,
freehened BY soaking In sour milk.
1. That milk which % turned or
changed may be sWeetened aud rsn.
derea dt TOR use again by stirring IN
Q little soda.
s. That salt will curdle now milk
hence In preparing milk porrid9o.
gc.vtes, &C., the sslt should not ne
added until the dish 10 prepared,
8 That fceoh meat, after BEGINNING
to get sour, Will sWeeten II plsoed
out Ut doors In the cold air over night.
Z. That clear boiling water will Re.
move ten stains and many fruit
STAINS. Pour the water through the
stain ana thus prevent ito Spreading
over the fabric.
8. That ripe tomatoes will remove
Ink and other stains from white
cloth. also from the hands.
3. That Q tablespoonful OF turner.
the boiled with your white cioths
will std the Whitening process.
10. That boiled starch is much i'm.
proved BY the addition Of y little
sperm, or salt, or both. Or q little
gum arabic dissolved,
II. That beeswax and sslt win
make your rusty fiat irons 60 clean
aud smooth % glass. Tie . lump of
wax In 9 rag xnd keep for that Dur.
pose. When tho iron 10 hot. rub
them fist With paper or cloth eprink.
led with salt.
L. That blue ointment and kero.
Dene mixed IN equal proportions and
applied to bedst1ads u 20 untsiltnR
bod.bug remedy, and that q coat Of
whitsWash u ditto for the walls OF .
log house.
IL. That kerosene will soften boota
Md shoes which have been hardened
by Wster and render them % plieble
ID new.
il. That kerosene will make tin
tes kettles % bright % new. 6atu.
tste . WOODEN rag and rub with it.
Il Will SlOo remove stains from and
clean Vanished furniture.
u. That cold rain water and ooan
VIII remove machine grease from
valuable labsiCka.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
DIR. G. McLANE'S
PILLS

arc not recommended as remedy "for
all the ills that flesh is heir to, but in
affections Of the liver, and in all Bilious
Complaints, Dyspepsia and Sick Head.
ache. or diseases Of that character, they
stand without rival.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18

The reason that there's q reaam.
blanCe between Q colder sne 4 aoef
% that ono mana tho rsmperfa. NH
the other Sams tho mans para.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18

They. arc about seven eights Of =;
inch long, OF . dark greyish brow
color, not % prominent on tho undo
side Of their wings, With Q character
tettc dark circular spot on each WING
Tho last seen Of the caterpillar Il
the Autumnal season, when tho crol
Of cotton IL destroyed, b IN the forn
Of . chrysslide, for after they cot q
tho cotton leaves they proceed {,
web up" on any Leaf that Win q
ford them protection. This chrysa
lie produces the butterfly which i'm.
medistely prepares for hibernstion
It 10 my opinion that they seek win.
tor quarters before they minRle n
concouroe With the'malee. henoe theiI
eggs ore not fertililed until sfter theJ
come from their torpid state 10 the
Spring OF the year. They may b(
seen To tho warm days of January,
February or March, near the evee Of
houses covered With shingles. or IN
corners OF fences made OF rails with
the bark on them. Just before oun.
ct after ono OF these warm day.
they will come out and ay around.
At this time they do not possess the
same brilliant o0lors that they do IN
Spring and Summer whom they ore
depoeiting their eggs, and one not
perfectly acquainted With them
might mistake them for another
species. They therefore pase the
winter In the butterfly form, IN q
semi.torpid condition yet strange
to remark, en- peasant, the first thing
seen 10 the Spriug Of the year 10 the
worm itself.
9. "Whst natural enemies among
birds, quadrupede or insects sre you
acquainted With :"
A. First, birds (Aves) Of various
kinds and conditions feed moro or
lees on them. Among others I will
mention the hooking bird. (Orpheus
Polyglottus Of Lanesus) It 10 when
nature seems TO have paused, -
che passed over the earth, snd open.
log her stores, TO have streWn With
unsparing hand tho diverstfled serbs
from which have spruUg oil tho beau.
tiiul and splendid forms which I
should In vain attempt to dsscrlbe,
that the mocking bird should have
fixed its abode, there only that its
wonderous song should be heard.
But where 10 that favored land? It
10 10 this great continent. It % 10
Louisisna that these bounties OF NJ
ture are In the greatest perfection.
(AuduboD) This bird feeds exte0.
sively 90 tho cotton caterpillar ILL.,
tie Argillaeea) In the early months Ut
Ito existence, bat they sre not gre.
gariOus, hence their work 70 little Up.
precisted In this direction. they not
being disposed 70 80 10 Jocks, OF To-
Coljze or concentrate their diotruc.
tiveneN.
This present yesr. 1879, tho cotton
worms have not developed - rapid.
" and "a numerically % they have
Usually done heretofore, and among
other causes retardiog their prog.
ress, has been 20 nted out - their
great enemv. the red w1nges1 black.
bird. (Argslsiss PAsssiasal This bird
hss been seen In lxIgs 1ocks II the
cotton fields very early THE 5eas.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
The Greatest Medical Triumph o.
Modern Times! Tho Mysterioss
Channel Of Disease Discorsred,
and a Certain Csre Provi.
died.. Tho Stomach,
Lrev, and BOvsb
the Centre cf
Disease.
PARSONS PuRGA1lyE PILLS
The Great Anti. Bilious Remedy and
Aiasmstic DISCOVER.
PARSONS
PURGATIVEPlLLS

Arc the result Of long.continred Scien-
tific investigation, and are Warranted to
cure all diseases originating in the
Stomach, Liver, and Bowels No grip
ing pains follow the use of these Pills,
unless the Bowels are intlamed; but Re-
lief, Immediate Relief, may be relied
upon. Az Common Family Physic
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
PARSONS
PUR q TIVE PILLS

Stand unequaled before the world TODAY.
BY varying the dose according to direc.
tions, Parsons Purgative Pills efectuslly
Purify tho Blood and greatly alleviate.
If not entirely cure Dyspepsis, Scrofuls
or Kings Evil, Rose, Erysipelas or St.
Anthony's Fire, Ernptions, and Eruptive
Diseases Of the Skin, Salt Rheum. Tet.
ter, Riugworm. Sores, Boils, Tumors,
Morbid Swellings, alterations, Pimples
and BlOtches.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
AGUE AND FEVER.

No better cathartic can be used prepar.
atory to, or after taking Quinine.
As q simple purgative they are IN.
eoualed.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
NATCH1TocHEs. LA..)
Sept. Is, 2s79. I

Dear 6ir-In 1876 I experlmente,
With arsenic to destroy caterpillan
With the following result:
lst. took l pound Of l6 OF. Of com
merc1al arsenic which cost about
% cents per pound, Dissolved it b.
boiling 10 8 gallons Of water, after Il
we disolv replaced the quantity
Of water lost BY evaporation. Witt
this 8 gallons ! went to work. lat puI
!? gallons Of the solution In q porl
0errei Of water, Say 50 gallons
spc1nkled two rows Of cotton: result
OF this application Was death 70 botb
cotton and worms,
ID. I then used II gallons TO the
barrel OF water, same result 20 the
worms, cotton badly soalded,
80. / then took gallon Of the 20.
luton, and put It into I barrel Of
wster, tbs time my solution seemed
TO % Q little too strong, but did no
perceptable Injury to the plant: the
leaves retained their color except IN
plsces--s further application Of 2 Of
. gallon OF the solution to q barrel Of
water We tried, and found OF suffl.
Gent strength to kill tho worms. and
not damage the plant. These oxpor.
!mente wece made at tho came time.
Paris Green vac applied to the bel.
suoe Of tho cotton On the plantatioo.
none. however, being used where the
arsenic Was spilled. Tue rows 10
1nlcn tue two last applications were
Il. Q. gallon and I gallon 20 the bar.
cel OF !4ter) the cotton lived ma
0ioomed about three weeks, ct WHOM
Time tho worms destroyed Ill the
cotton on tho plantation.
Respectfully,
d. B. WA1xs1rY.
16: ''6tate the cost per aero OF pro.
letting . crop BY tho best means
A.. The Paris Green has been cold
o this market for ono dollar per
oound. but It can now be bought for
rom 3 70 80 cents. II 10 calculated
nat ! OF Q pound will poison a.
lcre. however, II tho application "a
made just before . rain. It Vim BE-
necessary 70 reepply Il. Ioet piant.
'tS think that one dollar per acre
M cover all tho necessary expenses.
Respectfully,
GEO. E. GILLESPIE. NJ. D.
% PRoH. O. Y. RlLIr,
)hief D. 8. Entomotogical Oommia.
slon, Department OF the Inferior.
WaahinRfon. II. Il
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
BEWARE o. lMITATlONa

01W A8B u 1M1DATuDNA
The genuine are never sugar coated.
Each box has q red wax seal on the
lid, with the impression DR. McLANE's
LlvIR PILLS.
Each wrapper bears the signatures Of
{. McLANE and FLEMING Bros.
Insist upon having the genuine Dr..
c. McLANE's LIVER Pills, prepared bv
Fleming Bros, Of Pittsburgh, Pa, the
market being fall Of limitations Of The
name AeLsse, spelled diserea.ly bss
same pronunciation.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
CHAPLIN. q. +. DRAScUET. IT,. CnAPlm
CHAPLIN, DRANGUET 4 CHAPLIN
attorneys at Lac,
NATCHITOCHES, LA.

O1ACTlCE In tho District Courts OF
] .Nstchitochce, Sabine, DeSoto and
Rsa River and in tho Supreme Court Of
W Seste March Fly.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18

pot With the perforated muzzle. which
is expeditions, eftlcacious aud at tho
same time inexpensive. The best
mode yet found Is with the Fountain
Pump. With this the work can be
accomplished with neatness and dis.
patch, without wetting the clothes Of
the one applying It.
The poison must be applied Just
after the worms are Matched and
begin to crawl. otherwise It viii be
too late. It requires careful looking
70 Ind the worme at THE stage Of
their existence. Four or five DAYS
after the butterfly emerges from the
chrysaltdes, she begins to lay her
eggs on the under side Of the leetand
after about the same time the eggs
0egtn to hatch, then look carefully
under the leaf In the locality where
you may expect to find them. ana
almost to certainty they are there.
In order to better flnd them every
planter should provide himself With
. smal! mag0tfying glass, which viii
cost him only about twenty-five
cents. This summer had In nv
ONCE one leaf from the cotton plant.
and on itthero we're ton worms, and Il
had IN It at least one thousand h0los.
yet on handing It to several persons
tney failed to zee either caterpillar
to them.
By request received the following
!etter from one Of our largest plant.
ers:
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
I n. 4 N. J. CUNNINGHAM.
ATTORNEYS 1T Lar.

It. Denis Street, Natchitoches, La.
WILL give prompt and personal at
W tentiOn to all bnsiuess entrusted to
their care.
Practices in the District and Parish
Courts tn the Parishes Of NatchitOches,
Red River, DeSotO aud Sabine, and before
the Supreme Court at Monroe and New
Orleans. Jan 5 '7S-1y.
The People's vindicator. [volume] (Natchitoches, La.) 1874-1883, 1879-10-18
NATCHITOCHES La, OCTORER IS 1910

$50 L you can find any mutual con
nectlOn between temperature, rainl
ana worms. ! do not think there ar
ti0n." 0>
Caterpillars In 1867, first appesre,
last Of July.
Csterrillsrs In 1868, appeared frs
10 May (partially) destroyed crol
about 10 August.
CaterpiIlsrs 10 1869, first appeared
Uth June; destroyed crop late II
August, (part).
Caterpillsrs in 1870, first appeared
10th June; destroyed crop 2Oth An
guest, (entirely). ~
Caterpftlars 10 1871, first appeared
18TH June; destroyed crop @th Au.
gust. (entirely).
Caterpillars 10 1879, first appeared
2oth June; destroyed crop 2Oth Au.
gust, (enttrely).
Caterpillars 10 1873. first appeared
10th June; destroyed crop frat davs
In August. (entirelv).
Catsrptllsrs 10 1874, first appeared
2Ota June: destroyed crop 2Oth Au.
gust, (entirely)
Caterpillsrs 10 1875, first appeared
2Oth June; destroyed crop 10th Au.
gust, (entirely).
Caterpillars In 1876, first appeared
goth June; destroyed crop last Of
August, (entirely).
&C. GSstssr 1p1a 10 1877, arst appeared
Ot1 June; destroyed crop 9oth Au.
gust, (e0tirely).
Caterpillars In 1879. frat appeared
18th June; destroyed crop 25th Al
gust, (entirely).
Caterpillars 10 1879, first appeared
2oc0 June: have not destroyed croo.
4. do wet or dry summers favor
their multiplication"
a. This question IL answered In
the proceeding, and from the Stats.
tics. It appears that weather has no
particular Influence on them, You
Will observe that tho months III
April, May. June. and July Of 1853.
we're among the greatest Of the Cat.
terp1llSr years, yet the crop Was on.
" partially destroyed, and for the
same months Of 1915. No had nearlv
two thirds less rain, and the cotton
vas destroyed 90 usual. Az to their
obstruction BY the ants, that will be
moro fully explained later on. The
plant during q dry spring is OF yerv
SLOW growth, and may not be able to |
furnish the necessary pabslxm for the !
llto and growth Of the worm. This |
might be accounted one OF the caus.
es OF Q vet year favoring their de.
velopment; there IL more surface ana !
food for them In q vet Spring than In !
. dry one.
s. What ie the earliest date you
have known the worm to appear in
SPRING."
A. They have frequently been
seen - early 10 the month Of MAY.
notably TO the year 1868, when they
appeared In great numbers IN some
localities, and did considerable dan.
age to the cotton plant. Many plant. |,
ars were much alarmed at this early
appearance, and thought themselves
Pn1nAN annin hn r,1a~A kn-.-.. \,
Daily globe., 1879-04-05
THE REFORM SCHOOL.
Bids for the New Buildings--An Uninte
ligible Mass.

Bids for the New Buildings--An Unintel-
ligible Mass.
A meeting of the board Of managers of
forenoon, a full board being in attendance.
The meeting was called for the two-fold pur-
pose of transacting the regular monthly
business appertaining to matters connected
with the Reform school, and for the opening
of bids for the construction of new work.
house and laundry building, to replace the
ones recently destroyed by fire.
The routine business was first disposed Of,
consisting of the regular monthly collection
of unpaid bills, which were audited and Or
dered paid, following which the secretary
proceeded to open and read the sealed bids.
The bids were twenty one in all, and embod-
led specifications and figures for stone, brick,
carpenter, iron, glass and other work, only
two out of the above number containing
estimates for the construction of the entire
work.
The estimates were widely different in
many respects for the same work, and so in
definite were many of the bids that it was
decided to call upon the contractors for more
explicit explanations, as some Of them were
so vague as to he entirely unintelligible as
to the precise terms of the specifications.
The secretary was accordingly instructed tc
tabulate the bids in the most intelligible
manner possible, in order to expedite the
business of arriving at correct conclusions
and avoid, if possible, the necessity of adver'
tising for new bids.
The bids were all submitted by st. Pau
contractors, aud while few came within the
stipulations advertised, it will be necessary
to modify the buildings in some respects il
order not to exceed the amount of funds OF
hand for the construction of the buildings
The various estimates will be subjected to .
thorough revision by the first part of mex
week, when meeting will be called for tn,
purpose of taking final action.